Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Insurance Brokers Association of India

2026-04-26T02:35:43Z

Qtree2009: created first post initial version - done

{{Short description|Indian trade association}}
{{Orphan|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Insurance Brokers Association of India (I.B.A.I.)
| image = IBAI Logo.png
| image_border =
| image_size =
| caption = Insurance Brokers Association of India (IBAI)'s Logo
| abbreviation = IBAI
| formation = {{start date and age |2001}}
| type = [[Trade association]]
| status = IBAI is a member of Council of Asia Pacific Brokers Association (CAPIBA), the Bombay Chamber of Commerce & Industry, [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry|Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI)]]
| purpose = Insurance Brokers and users advocacy
| headquarters = [[Mumbia]], [[India]]
| location = India wide association
| region_served = India
| membership = All licensed insurance brokers must be members of the IBAI
| language =
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = Sumit Shantilal Bohra
| leader_title2 = Vice President
| leader_name2 = Narendra Kumar Bharindwal
| leader_title3 = Secretary
| leader_name3 = Sundaram Venkatavaradan
| affiliations =
| num_staff =
| budget =
| website = {{URL|www.ibai.org}}
}}

'''Insurance Brokers Association of India''' ('''IBAI''') is an Indian [[trade association]] and regulatory body for insurance brokers in [[India]]. All licensed insurance brokers in India must be members of the IBAI Insurance Broker Regulations.<ref>{{cite web |title=IBAI Org |url=https://ibai.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Insurance Brokers Get Nod |work=Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/extra-innings-insurance-brokers-get-nod-to-enter-public-sector/articleshow/22231.cms?from=mdr}}</ref>

The association was established as a company under Section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956 on 25 July 2001. The IBAI is the sole representative body of licenesed insurance brokers recognised by the [[ Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India]] (IRDAI).<ref>{{cite web |title=All you need to know about Insurance Brokers Association of India (I.B.A.I.) |url=https://insurance.gibl.in/insurance-governing-bodies/ibai/}}</ref> As per the Insurance Brokers' Regulations 2002 issued by IRDAI and as amended from time to time (last amended in 2018) it is mandatory for all licensed Brokers to be member of IBAI.

{{As of |2022}}, IBAI had 523 members.<ref>{{cite web |title=Insurance Brokers Association of India (IBAI) |url=https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/1-504-6484?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true |website=Thomson Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=All you need to know about Insurance Brokers Association of India (I.B.A.I.) |url=https://insurance.gibl.in/insurance-governing-bodies/ibai/}}</ref> The main objectives of IBAI is to encourage, promote interaction, facilitate and protect the interests of the members.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Workshop on Marine Insurance - IIRM and IBAI |url=https://www.iirmworld.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/marine-insurance-21-12-2022.pdf |website=IIRM, Hyderabad}}</ref>

IBAI provides members opportunities for further education, training and research in insurance and reinsurance and represent the interests of Brokers with other Industry trade bodies at regional and national level.<ref>{{cite news |title=IRDAI says no mandatory listing of insurance companies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/business-others/irdai-says-no-mandatory-listing-of-insurance-companies-4564237/ |publisher=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=IBAI Implement Mechanism |work=Business Standard |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/finance/implement-mechanism-to-reduce-delay-in-licence-renewal-ibai-109112400060_1.html}}</ref> IBAI is a member of Council of Asia Pacific Brokers Association (CAPIBA), the Bombay Chamber of Commerce & Industry, Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI)<ref>{{Cite news |title=Insurance Brokers |work=Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/business-others/insurance-brokers-come-out-against-irda-norms-4459349/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Highest claims settlement record: Is your insurer on this list? |publisher=Money Control |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/highest-claims-settlement-record-is-your-insurer-on-this-list-4827211.html}}</ref>

== History ==
Insurance Brokers Association of India (IBAI) was incorporated as a company under Section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956 vide Certificate of Incorporation No. U 67120 MH 2001 NPL 132860 dated 25 July 2001 with its own [[Memorandum of association|Memorandum of Association]] as well as Articles of Association, as required under the Companies Act, 1956.

The management of the IBAI vests in its board of directors (17 in number) who are elected by the members.<ref>{{cite news |title=Insurance policies |url=https://www.insurancebusinessmag.com/asia/news/breaking-news/insurance-policies-may-lapse-during-business-shutdown-brokers-warn-217838.aspx}}</ref> The day-to-day functioning is entrusted by the board to those directors who are chosen as office-bearers & the Secretary-General who is appointed by the board.<ref>{{cite web |title=INSURANCE BROKERS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA |url=https://www.zaubacorp.com/company/INSURANCE-BROKERS-ASSOCIATION-OF-INDIA/U67120MH2001NPL132860}}</ref>

== Voice of insurance brokers ==
Besides active participation in regulatory mechanisms, IBAI provides as a forum for voice of insurance brokers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid and life insurance |url=https://www.livemint.com/money/personal-finance/for-new-life-insurance-policy-covid-recovered-have-to-wait-for-3-months-11642145759538.html |publisher=Live Mint}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Insurance Brokers Commission |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/cap-on-insurance-brokers-commission-will-stay-irda-chief-vijayan/article8218078.ece}}</ref>

IBAI has been accredited to publishing the first ever policy holders handbook, which ensures no unfair means are resorted either by brokers or by policy holders<ref>{{cite web |title=IBAI Policy Holders Handbook |url=https://securenow.in/insuropedia/general-insurance-claims-insights-a-policyholders-handbook/}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Insurance in India]]
[[Category:Insurance industry organizations]]
[[Category:Trade associations based in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2001]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in India]]

Ardent Miller Basaiawmoit

2026-04-23T05:34:36Z

Qtree2009: Made Info...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ardent Miller Basaiawmoit
| image =
| birth_date = 1972
| birth_place = [[Meghalaya]], [[India]]
| office = President of [[Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)]]
| term_start = March 2023
| office1 = Member of the [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Nongkrem (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nongkrem]]
| term_start1 = March 2023
| predecessor1 = Lambor Malngiang
| term_start2 = 2008
| term_end2 = 2018
| predecessor2 = Lambor Malngiang
| successor2 = Lambor Malngiang
| constituency2 = [[Nongkrem (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nongkrem]]
| spouse =
| children =
| party = [[Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)|Voice of the People Party]]
}}
'''Ardent Miller Basaiawmoit''' (born 6 July 1972) is an Indian politician from the state of [[Meghalaya]] who is the President of [[Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)]]. He currently represents [[Nongkrem (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nongkrem]] in the [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://myneta.info/Meghalaya2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=6909|title=My Neta}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2023/03/02/meghalaya-election-results-2023-ardent-miller-basaiawmoit-wins-from-nongkrem/|title=Meghalaya Election Results 2023: Ardent Miller Basaiawmoit wins from Nongkrem}}</ref>

==Political activities==
After winning four seats at the [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]], Basaiawmoit voiced his intention for the [[Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)]] to form the [[Government of Meghalaya|government in Meghalaya]] in 2028.<ref>{{cite web |title=VPP’s target is to form govt in Meghalaya in 2028: announces Ardent |url=https://hubnetwork.in/vpps-target-is-to-form-govt-in-meghalaya-in-2028-announces-ardent/}}</ref>

On 20 March 2023, Basaiawmoit and fellow VPP MLAs protested the [[Governor of Meghalaya]]'s speech, made in [[Hindi]], during the first budget session of the Assembly, by storming out. He noted that as Meghalaya is non-Hindi speaking the "Centre has insulted Meghalaya by sending a governor who cannot speak in the state's official language".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/opposition-walks-out-of-meghalaya-assembly-over-governor-s-address-in-hindi-101679311688289-amp.html|title=Opposition walks out of Meghalaya assembly over Governor's address in Hindi}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Meghalaya MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya) politicians]]
[[Category:Meghalaya MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Meghalaya MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Hill State People's Democratic Party politicians]]
[[Category:United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) politicians]]

{{Meghalaya-politician-stub}}

Richard Shaw Brown

2026-04-23T03:44:19Z

Qtree2009: new

{{Short description|American musician and gemologist (born 1947)}}
{{other people|Richard Brown}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Rick Brown
| image = Richard Shaw Brown.jpg
| caption = Rick Brown in Bangkok – 2006
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name = Richard Shaw Brown
| alias = Hrisikesh
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|04|26}}
| origin = Florida, United States
| instrument = Harmonica
| genre = [[Progressive rock]] [[Blues-rock|Blues rock]] [[Psychedelic rock]] [[Art rock]] [[Hard rock]]
| occupation = Singer-songwriter
| years_active = 1964–1967 / 1982–1985
| label = [[Fontana Records]] [[Cherry Red Records]] [[Rough Trade Records]] [[Ugly Things]] Records
}}

'''Richard Shaw "Rick" Brown''' (born April 26, 1947) is an American musician and [[Gemology|gemologist]]. He is perhaps best known for being the lead singer, harmonica player and co-songwriter of the [[psychedelic rock]] group [[The Misunderstood]] throughout the 1960s.<ref>{{cite book|title=Unknown Legends of Rock n Roll|first=Richie|last=Unterburger|publisher=Backbeat Books|date=May 1998|isbn=978-0-87930-534-5|url=https://archive.org/details/unknownlegendsof00unte}}</ref>

Richard Brown is working as a [[gemologist]] and jewellery designer in [[Bangkok]] and [[Thailand]], for ''Astral Gemstone Talismans'', a brand known for creating fine gems-jewelry based on the [[Navaratna]] belief in [[Jyotish]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Ranard|first=Andrew|title=Gemologist Focuses On the Spiritual|work=[[International Herald Tribune]]|date=October 31, 1994|pages = 20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Roxas|first=Percy|title='To be Thailand's Own'|work=Look East Magazine|date=August 1, 2008|pages = 20–21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ure|first=Bronwyn|title='Romancing the Stone'|work=Living in Thailand Magazine|date=November 2008|pages = 44–45}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title= Jewelry Based on the Stars|author= OUTLOOK |publisher= Bangkok Post|date=1992}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title= Astral Fashion with Gemstone Talismans|author= OUTLOOK |publisher= Bangkok Post|date=1992}}</ref>

==Band==
[[File:Band-1.jpg|thumb|left|The classic Misunderstood in London – 1966. Rick Brown on left.]]
A review by Terrascope stated, "[[The Misunderstood]] were one of the most innovative and enigmatic bands of the Sixties and one of the psychedelic era's best loved groups."<ref>{{cite web|title=Review by Terrascope Online – Jan. 2008|url=http://www.terrascope.co.uk/Reviews/Reviews_January08.htm#Misunderstood|access-date=September 3, 2008}}</ref> Brown's most well-known songs, "[[I Can Take You To The Sun]]" and "Children of the Sun", are considered [[psychedelic music]] classics.<ref>{{cite journal|title=100 Greatest Psychedelic Records|journal=[[Record Collector]]|date=2005}}</ref> While working with the band in London, the group broke up when Brown was drafted by the [[US Army]] to go to [[Vietnam War|Vietnam]]. He escaped from boot camp and left the country for India, where he was a fugitive for 12 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=MISUNDERSTOOD Website|url=http://www.themisunderstood.com/|access-date=January 19, 2007}}</ref> ''[[Creem]]'' magazine, in a September 2004 review, wrote, "The saga of ''The Misunderstood'' is one of the most unbelievable, heartbreaking, and unlikely stories in the entire history of rock."<ref>{{cite book|last=Duff|first=Bruce|title=Creem Magazine: Issue September 2004}}</ref>
{{Listen
|filename=ImNotTalking2.ogg
|title="I'm Not Talkin"
|description=Sample of "Anti-war Psychedelic Song by The Misunderstood"}}

==India==
In 1967 Brown was initiated as ''Hrisikesh Das'' by [[A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Disciples:H |url=http://www.prabhupada.com/disciple.php?letter=H |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120230451/http://www.prabhupada.com/disciple.php?letter=H|archive-date=November 20, 2006}}</ref> He also lived as a monk and received instructions in [[Krishna]] [[bhakti]] from [[Swami Bon Maharaj]] in [[Vrindavana]], U.P., India for six and a half years.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sri Bepin Sakhi Vilas|author=Lalitananda Vana|date=1971|oclc=31935694}}</ref> Brown departed from Swami Bon and returned to his original guru, Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in late 1973. During his time in Asia, Brown learned to speak Bengali, Hindi and Thai, and read Sanskrit and Hindi.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ranard|first=Andrew|title=Gemologist Focuses On the Spiritual|work=[[International Herald Tribune]]|date=October 31, 1994|pages = 20}}</ref>

===Welfare activities in Asia===
During his stay in India with Swami Bon Maharaj Brown was engaged in the establishment of Sri Krishna Chaitanya Academy, a primary school, in Nandagram, U.P., as well as expanding the Institute of Oriental Philosophy in Vrindavan, U.P.<ref>{{cite web|title="True Story Of Krishna's School In Nandagrama" – Vaishnava News Network (VNN) – Feb 4, 1999 Website |url=http://www.vnn.org/editorials/ET9902/ET04-2957.html |access-date=March 3, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070204120023/http://www.vnn.org/editorials/ET9902/ET04-2957.html |archive-date=February 4, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Stax|first=Mike|title=Ugly Things (Music) Magazine Issue 22 – 2004|page = 46}}</ref> Before returning to America Brown was also instrumental in establishing Sri Hari-siddhi Primary School in [[Dhulikhel]], Nepal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Info on schools established by Richard S. Brown |url=http://www.richardshawbrown.com/rsb-schools.html |access-date=February 18, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022011751/http://www.richardshawbrown.com/rsb-schools.html |archive-date=October 22, 2006 }}</ref> In 1999 he was a co-founder and is currently Acting Secretary of the Institute of Planetary Gemology in Bangkok, Thailand,<ref>{{cite web|title="Vedic Gemology Gets Organized" – Vaishnava News Network (VNN) – Feb 19, 2000 Website |url=http://www.vnn.org/world/WD0002/WD19-5512.html |access-date=March 13, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208174126/http://www.vnn.org/world/WD0002/WD19-5512.html |archive-date=February 8, 2007 }}</ref> a school that teaches the [[Navaratna]] system of Asian birthstones.<ref>{{cite web|title=Weblink|url=http://www.p-g-a.org/pga-course.html|access-date=February 18, 2007|archive-date=February 9, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209042943/http://www.p-g-a.org/pga-course.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Influence in India===
Through Swami Bon's educational service Brown moved in the highest circles of Indian society, even being received twice by India's President [[V.V. Giri]] at Rastrapati Bhavan in 1972.<ref>{{cite book|last=Stax|first=Mike|title=Ugly Things (Music) Magazine Issue 22 – 2004|page = 58}}</ref> He successfully organized two high society functions in Bombay and Delhi during 1971–1972 which were supported by India's elite.<ref>{{cite web|title=Weblink |url=http://www.richardshawbrown.com/rsb-events.html |access-date=February 18, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022011631/http://www.richardshawbrown.com/rsb-events.html |archive-date=October 22, 2006 }}</ref>

==Amnesty==
In 1979, after 12 years in exile, Brown returned to [[United States of America|America]] where he was granted [[amnesty]] as a [[conscientious objector]] and discharged from the Army.<ref>{{cite book|title=Rishi|author=Daniel P. Reid|date=1988}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Screenplay: The Misunderstood WGA 977444|author=Mike Stax|date=2002}}</ref>

==Post-Misunderstood music==

In 1982, the two core members, the singer and the steel guitarist, reunited as "Influence" and recorded two self-penned tracks, "No Survivors" and "Queen of Madness", for UK's [[Rough Trade Records]] in 1983. They disbanded in 1985 when Campbell moved to New Zealand and Brown moved to Thailand.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ugly Things (Music) Magazine No. 22 by Mike Stax|date=2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Influence at Rate Your Music|url=http://rateyourmusic.com/artist/influence|access-date=April 9, 2007}}</ref>

[[Cherry Red Records]] (UK) released three albums of Misunderstood music: ''Before the Dream Faded'' (CDM RED 32) in 1992, ''The Legendary Goldstar Album'' (CDM RED 142) in 1997, and a full album of The Misunderstood's later material under the name of ''The Misunderstood: Broken Road'' (CDM RED 147) in 1998.<ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon.com|website=Amazon|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000024XZK/|access-date=January 28, 2007}}</ref>

In 2004, [[Ugly Things]] Records (USA) issued another full album of unreleased tracks named ''The Lost Acetates 1965–1966'', that received international media coverage.<ref>{{cite magazine|author=Entertainment-Reuters (Yahoo News) |title=New Label Sheds Light on the Misunderstood|magazine=Billboard|date=June 18, 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Rolling Stone Magazine Issue |title=The Misunderstood The Lost Acetates 1965–1966 by David Fricke|date=September 2, 2004}}</ref>

A motion picture screenplay (''The Misunderstood'': WGA 977444) about the band and Rick Brown's adventures was written by rock historian Mike Stax (editor of ''[[Ugly Things]]'' music magazine) in 2002, and is under revision.<ref>{{cite book|title=Screenplay: The Misunderstood WGA 977444|author=Mike Stax|date=2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ure|first=Bronwyn|title='Romancing the Stone'|work=Living in Thailand Magazine|date=November 2008|pages = 44–45}}</ref>

A novel, ''Like, Misunderstood'', based on the script, was published in October 2007.<ref>{{cite web|title=Like, Misunderstood web page|url=http://www.themisunderstood.com/like-novel.html|access-date=September 3, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Like, Misunderstood|first=Mike|last=Stax|publisher=UT Publications|date=October 2007|isbn=978-0-9778166-1-3}}</ref>

==Musical recognition==
* In his "[[Peelennium]]" (Greatest Songs of the 20th Century) [[John Peel]] lists Brown's song "I Can Take You To The Sun" for 1966.
* ''Record Collector Magazine''{{'}}s book, ''100 Greatest Psychedelic Records'', lists "I Can Take You To The Sun" as the number 6 song.<ref>{{cite web|title=Record Collector Magazine's 100 Greatest Psychedelic Records: Web link|work=Rate Your Music |url=http://rateyourmusic.com/list/LoBee/record_collectors_100_greatest_psychedelic_records__british_/|access-date=January 6, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Unknown Legends of Rock n Roll|first=Richie|last=Unterberger|publisher=Backbeat Books|date=May 1998|isbn=978-0-87930-534-5|url=https://archive.org/details/unknownlegendsof00unte}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Record Collector Magazine|display-authors=etal|title=100 Greatest Psychedelic Records|journal=Record Collector Magazine|date=2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=John Peel Quote|journal=Top Gear (BBC Radio)|date=November 8, 1968}}</ref>
* ''[[Mojo Magazine]]'' April 2009 – "I Can See For Miles: A-Z" lists The Misunderstood for "M".<ref>{{cite journal|author=Mojo Magazine|title=I Can See For Miles: A-Z|date=April 2009}}</ref>
* June 11, 2010 ''Classic Rock Magazine'' named The Misunderstood as No. 18 in their list of "Cult Heroes".<ref>[http://www.classicrockmagazine.com/news/cult-heroes-no-18-the-misunderstood/ Cult Heroes No. 18: The Misunderstood] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617015030/http://www.classicrockmagazine.com/news/cult-heroes-no-18-the-misunderstood/ |date=June 17, 2010}}</ref>

==Recent activities==
[[File:Queen-Sirikit-Navaratna.jpg|thumb|240px|right|The Queen [[Sirikit]] Navaratna accepted by Her Majesty, the [[Queen of Thailand]] in 1993]]
In 1983 Brown graduated as "gemologist" from the [[Gemological Institute of America]] (GIA). Brown's book ''Ancient Astrological Gemstones & Talismans''<ref>{{cite book|title=Ancient Astrological Gemstones & Talismans|author=Richard Brown|publisher=A.G.T. Co.|date=1995|isbn=974-89022-4-2|url=https://archive.org/details/ancientastrologi0000brow}}</ref> received the 1996 Benjamin Franklin Award<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pma-online.org/benfrank.cfm |title=Benjamin Franklin Awards |work=Publishers Marketing Association website |access-date=January 27, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070128123836/http://www.pma-online.org/benfrank.cfm |archive-date=January 28, 2007 }}</ref> from the Publishers Marketing Association (PMA).

He is currently working as a gemologist and jewelry designer in Bangkok, Thailand for the popular brand Astral Gemstone Talismans.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ranard|first=Andrew|title=Gemologist Focuses On the Spiritual|work=[[International Herald Tribune]]|date=October 31, 1994|pages = 20}}</ref>

==Published books==
# Richard Brown (1975) ''Sri Chinta Mani'', Astro Jewels Co.: Bangkok, Thailand.
# Richard S. Brown (1982) ''Handbook of Planetary Gemology'', AGS Inc.: Laguna Beach, California.
# Richard S. Brown (1988) ''Handbook of Planetary Gemology II'', Mckinney Intl.: Hong Kong.
# Richard S. Brown (1995) ''Ancient Astrological Gemstones and Talismans'', AGT LTD. {{ISBN|974-89022-4-2}}.
# Richard S. Brown (2000) ''Astral Gemstone Talismans Designs 2000'', AGT LTD. {{ISBN|974-87630-5-6}}.
# Richard S. Brown (2002) ''Astral Gemstone Talismans 2002'', AGT LTD. {{ISBN|974-88562-9-1}}.
# Richard S. Brown (2003) ''VOOM Collection'', Hrisikesh Ltd. {{ISBN|974-07-1633-4}}.
# Richard S. Brown (2004) ''Six Collection'', Hrisikesh Ltd. {{ISBN|974-91395-7-7}}.
# Richard S. Brown (2005). ''Sri Chintamani Collection''. Hrisikesh Ltd. {{ISBN|974-07-1643-1}}
# Richard S. Brown (2006). ''Akash Collection''. Hrisikesh Ltd. {{ISBN|974-93383-9-1}}
# Richard S. Brown (2007). ''Mangala Navaratna Collection''. Hrisikesh Ltd. {{ISBN|974-07-1853-1}}.
# Rick Brown & Mike Stax (2007). ''Like, Misunderstood''. [[UT Publishing]], USA. {{ISBN|0-9778166-1-3}}.
# Richard S. Brown (2007). ''Ancient Astrological Gemstones & Talismans'' – 2nd Edition. Hrisikesh LTD. {{ISBN|978-974-8102-29-0}}

==See also==
* [[Jyotisha]]
* [[Gemology]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.themisunderstood.com/ Official Misunderstood website]
* [http://www.agt-gems.com/ Astral Gemstone Talismans]

{{Modern Gaudiya Vaishnavas}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brown, Richard Shaw}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Musicians from Riverside, California]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American blues harmonica players]]
[[Category:American expatriates in India]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Thailand]]
[[Category:American expatriates in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:American rock songwriters]]
[[Category:American male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:American heavy metal singers]]
[[Category:American blues rock musicians]]
[[Category:American jewelry designers]]
[[Category:American goldsmiths]]
[[Category:Hindu astrology]]
[[Category:American Hindus]]
[[Category:Converts to Hinduism]]
[[Category:Gaudiya religious leaders]]
[[Category:American conscientious objectors]]
[[Category:Hindu pacifists]]
[[Category:American Hare Krishnas]]
[[Category:20th-century American jewellers]]
[[Category:Gemologists]]
[[Category:Singer-songwriters from California]]
[[Category:The Misunderstood members]]

Loser (TV series)

2026-04-21T08:56:24Z

Qtree2009: Made first info v1

{{short description|2020 Telugu web television}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Loser (web series).jpg
| director = Abhilash Reddy Kankara
| starring = [[Priyadarshi (actor)|Priyadarshi]] [[Kalpika Ganesh]] [[Baby Annie]] [[Sayaji Shinde]] [[Shashank (actor)]] [[Pavani Gangireddy]] [[Chandra Vempaty]]
| music = Sriram Maddury
| cinematography = Naresh Ramadurai
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 18
| list_episodes = Loser (web series)#Episodes
| company = [[Annapurna Studios]] Spectrum Media Networks
| network = [[Zee5]]
| released = {{start date|2020|05|15|df=yes}}
}}
'''''Loser''''' is an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[sports drama]] [[web television|streaming television]] anthology series of starring [[Priyadarshi (actor)|Priyadarshi]], [[Kalpika Ganesh]], [[Baby Annie]], [[Sayaji Shinde]], [[Shashank (actor)|Shashank]], [[Pavani Gangireddy]] and [[Chandra Vempaty]].

== Cast ==

=== Season 1 ===
* [[Priyadarshi (actor)|Priyadarshi]] as Suri Yadav
** Srikar Isetti as young Suri Yadav
* [[Shashank (actor)|Shashank]] as Wilson
* [[Kalpika Ganesh]] as Ruby Shabana
**[[Baby Annie]] as young Ruby Shabana
* Pavani Gangireddy as Pallavi, Suri's love interest
* [[Komalee Prasad]] as Asha, Wilson's wife.
* Dr.Malhotra Shivam as Saajid, Ruby's husband.
* Harshith Reddy as John, Wilson's son.
* Pavan Kumar as Sunny, Suri's younger brother.
* Abhay Bethiganti as Tippu Sultan 'Tippu', Suri's Best friend.
** Raahil as young Tippu Sultan 'Tippu'
* Chandra Vempaty as Chenchulayya, Ruby's Badminton Coach.
* [[Sayaji Shinde]] as Irfan, Ruby's father.
* [[Satya Krishnan]] as Ruksana, Ruby's mother.
* [[Vasu Inturi]] as Joseph, Wilson's elder brother.
* Jaswica Nemo as Keerthana, young Ruby's best friend.
* Viren Thanbidorai as Krishnan Siva Rama Chandran
* Ashok Kumar. K as Ranganath.
* [[Banerjee (actor)|Banerjee]] as Jairaj, Suri's Mentor and Pallavi's father (Cameo appearance)
* [[Rupa Lakshmi]] as Pallavi's mother.
* Keshav Deepak as Sundar, Wilson's cricket coach.
* Dr. Giri as Arjun Sharma
* Sattanna as Sattanna
*Santhosh Singuru
* Siddharth Gollapudi]] as Boss

=== Season 2 ===
* [[Dhanya Balakrishna]] as Maya Krishnan Siva Rama Chandran, Krishnan Siva Rama Chandran's daughter.
* Sunayana as Adult Keerthana, Ruby's best friend
**Jaswica Nemo as Young Keerthana.
* [[Ravi Varma (East Godavari actor)|Ravi Varma]] as Ravinder, Suri's Shooting Coach.
* [[Venkat (Telugu actor)|Venkat]] as Raghavender (Cameo role)
* [[Shishir Sharma]] as Farhan, Saajed's father
* [[Surya (Telugu Actor)|Surya]] as Govardhan
* Krishna Teja as Bobby.
* Karthik Rebba as Elder Parithosh
** Armaan as Younger Parithosh
* Gayatri Bharghavi as Kaveri, Ruby's Inter college principal.
* Sammetta Gandhi as Toy seller
* Charan Devudula as Karan, Arjun Sharma's son
* Tarak Ponnappa as Vinod, Pallavi's Business partner
* Lakshmi as Gouri.
* Giri as John's cricket coach and Wilson's former friend.

== Episodes ==

=== Season 1 ===
{{Episode table |EpisodeNumber = | EpisodeNumber2 = |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |country=In |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = The Losers
|DirectedBy = Abhilash Reddy
|WrittenBy = Sai Bharadwaj, Shravan Madala and Abhilash Reddy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|5|15}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = The Players
|DirectedBy = Abhilash Reddy
|WrittenBy = Sai Bharadwaj, Shravan Madala and Abhilash Reddy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|5|15}}
|Short Summary =
|Line Color =
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = Shattered Dreams
|DirectedBy = Abhilash Reddy
|WrittenBy = Sai Bharadwaj, Shravan Madala and Abhilash Reddy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|5|15}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = Bowled Out
|DirectedBy = Abhilash Reddy
|WrittenBy = Sai Bharadwaj, Shravan Madala and Abhilash Reddy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|5|15}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = When All is Not Over..!
|DirectedBy = Abhilash Reddy
|WrittenBy = Sai Bharadwaj, Shravan Madala and Abhilash Reddy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|5|15}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = A Far-Fetched Goal
|DirectedBy = Abhilash Reddy
|WrittenBy = Sai Bharadwaj, Shravan Madala and Abhilash Reddy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|5|15}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|EpisodeNumber2 = 7
|Title = Upside Down
|DirectedBy = Abhilash Reddy
|WrittenBy = Sai Bharadwaj, Shravan Madala and Abhilash Reddy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|5|15}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = The Unknown Secret
|DirectedBy = Abhilash Reddy
|WrittenBy = Sai Bharadwaj, Shravan Madala and Abhilash Reddy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|5|15}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|EpisodeNumber2 = 9
|Title = The Bitter Truth
|DirectedBy = Abhilash Reddy
|WrittenBy = Sai Bharadwaj, Shravan Madala and Abhilash Reddy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|5|15}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|EpisodeNumber2 = 10
|Title = The Winners
|DirectedBy = Abhilash Reddy
|WrittenBy = Sai Bharadwaj, Shravan Madala and Abhilash Reddy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|5|15}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor =
}}
}}

== Reception ==
The series received generally favourable reviews, with the actors' performances being praised.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lockdown Review : Loser Web series on Zee 5|url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/lockdown-review-loser-web-series-on-zee-5.html|date=2020-05-16|website=123telugu.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref>

=== Season 1 ===
Suhas Yellapantula of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated three out of five stars and wrote, "it does warm your heart at times and makes for a breezy watch. It's not a show that will wow you but it's a story worth exploring – more so because it's three stories rolled into one."<ref>{{cite news |title=Loser Season 1 Review : A predictable yet engaging sports drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/loser/loser-season-1/seasonreview/76269346.cms |work=The Times of India |date=9 June 2020 |access-date=7 October 2024 |archive-date=13 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113181438/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/loser/loser-season-1/seasonreview/76269346.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "The 30-minute duration of each episode works in ''Loser'''s favour, as the stories don't get stretched needlessly. The links between the three stories are established beautifully."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dundoo |first1=Sangeetha Devi |title='Loser' review: Priyadarshi, Annie and Kalpika walk away with the honours in this Telugu web series |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/loser-review-priyadarshi-annie-and-kalpika-walk-away-with-the-honours/article31599749.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=16 May 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

=== Season 2 ===
Thadhagath Pathi of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated three-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "''Loser 2'' is one such brilliant web-series that deserves your time. It explores the dark side of a highly celebrated profession. Do not miss it, especially if you wonder why India doesn't get as many medals in the Olympics as other countries do."<ref>{{cite news |title=Loser Season 2 Review : A brilliantly crafted series that deserves your time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/loser/season-2/seasonreview/89091210.cms |work=The Times of India |date=24 January 2022 |access-date=7 October 2024 |archive-date=24 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124094438/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/loser/season-2/seasonreview/89091210.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "With all its focus on the emotional journeys of the characters, we don't see enough of sport. But perhaps, this season is meant to build up momentum for season three, the finale, where each of the players has their task cut out."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dundoo |first1=Sangeetha Devi |title='Loser 2' web series review: This emotional drama benefits from its able cast led by Priyadarshi and Kalpika |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/loser-2-web-series-review-high-on-emotional-drama/article38302496.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=21 January 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

A critic from ''[[The Hans India]]'' gave it two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "With missing emotions despite the makers trying to elevate them to the core, ''Loser 2'' for all the efforts failed to live up to the expectations. Artistes performances, background music, camera work and few dialogues tried to make the viewer to watch the series till the ending."<ref>{{cite news |title=Movie Review: 'Loser 2' wins with border marks |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/movie-review-loser-2-wins-with-border-marks-78643 |work=The Hans India |date=23 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Srivathsan Nadadhur of ''[[OTTplay]]'' gave it two out of five stars and wrote, "''Loser Season 2'' is better than the first instalment though the writing and the treatment of the story leave a lot to be desired. Priyadarshi continues his good form while Harshith Reddy and Dhanya Balakrishna sparkle in their meaty roles. The show's setup is engrossing and has the right foundation for a nail-biting drama, except that it doesn't make full use of it."<ref>{{cite news |title=Loser Season 2 review: A middling sports drama undone by unimaginative writing, dull performances |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/loser-season-2-review-a-middling-sports-drama-undone-by-unimaginative-writing-dull-performances/340105ecc3497 |work=www.ottplay.com |date=21 January 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nagarjuna (actor)}}

[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Telugu-language web series]]
[[Category:2020 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian drama web series]]
[[Category:Indian sports television series]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]
[[Category:2020 web series endings]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Annapurna Studios films]]

{{India-tv-prog-stub}}

Puthalapattu Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:33:15Z

Qtree2009: done...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Puthalapattu
| type = SLA
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (173-Puthalapattu highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Puthalapattu Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| district = [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency|Chittoor]]
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Kalikiri Murali Mohan]]
| party = {{Party index link|Telugu Desam Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| constituency_no = 173
| established = 2008
| electors = 215,183
}}
'''Puthalapattu''' is a consistency in [[Chittoor district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref name=loksabha>{{cite web|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=31}}</ref> It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency]].

Dr. [[Kalikiri Murali Mohan]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/ConstituencywiseS01173.htm | title=Election Commission of India }}</ref> is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm|title=Assembly Election 2019|website=Election Commission of India|access-date=24 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524074223/http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm|archive-date=24 May 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> As of 2019, there are a total of 215,183 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors">{{cite web |title=Electors Summary |url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh |access-date=24 May 2019 |date=25 May 2019}}</ref>{{update after|2024|7}} The constituency was established in 2008, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (2008)''.

== Mandals ==
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| Irala
|-
| Puthalapattu
|-
| Thavanampalle
|-
| Bangarupalem
|-
| Yadamari
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
|[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|P. Ravi
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|M. Sunil Kumar
|{{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| [[M. S. Babu]]
|-
|[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| Dr. [[Kalikiri Murali Mohan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Puthalapattu<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4054-andhra-pradesh-2009/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = DR.P.Ravi
|votes = 64,484
|percentage = 42.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=L. Lalitha Kumari|votes=63,533|percentage=41.86|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Praja Rajyam Party|candidate=P. Pushparaj|votes=17,627|percentage=11.62|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=951|percentage=0.63|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,51,757|percentage=41.86|change=}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Puthalapattu<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4055-andhra-pradesh-2014/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = M. Sunil Kumar
|votes = 83,200
|percentage = 48.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=L. Lalitha Kumari|votes=82,298|percentage=48.23|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=902|percentage=0.53|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,70,651|percentage=85.17|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Puthalapattu<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11673-andhra-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[M. S. Babu]]
|votes = 103,265
|percentage = 55.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=L. Lalitha Kumari|votes=74,102|percentage=39.64|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=29,163|percentage=0.53|change=15.61}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,86,918|percentage=88|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|Loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Puthalapattu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = K. Murali Mohan
|votes = 102,137
|percentage = 52.37
|change = {{up}}12.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = M. Suneel Kumar
|votes = 86,503
|percentage = 44.36
|change = {{down}}10.89
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[M. S. Babu]]|votes= 2,820|percentage= 1.45|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=None Of The Above|votes= 1,420|percentage= 0.73|change=}}
{{Election box majority || votes=15,634
|percentage=8.02
|change={{up}}7.49
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes= 1,95,018 |percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[Puthalapattu]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}

{{coord|13.38|79.09|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Chittoor district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Ropni Kumari

2026-04-13T03:20:55Z

Qtree2009: new...

{{Short description|Indian field hockey player (born 2003)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Ropni Kumari
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2003|11|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Simdega district|Simdega]], [[Jharkhand]], [[India]]
| height =
| weight =
| position = Defender
| years1 =
| clubs1 = Hockey Jharkhand
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 =
| clubs2 = [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| nationalyears1 = 2023
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national under-21 field hockey team|India U21]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Hockey Junior Asia Cup|Junior Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 Women's Hockey Junior Asia Cup|2023 Japan]]|}}
}}
'''Ropni Kumari''' (born 16 November 2003)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ropni Kumari - Hockey India |url=https://hockeyindia.org/players/ropni-kumari-profile-8908 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=hockeyindia.org}}</ref> is an Indian field hockey player from [[Jharkhand]]. She plays for the [[India women's national field hockey team]] as a defender. She plays for [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railway Sports Promotion Board]] and Hockey Jharkhand in the domestic tournaments. She played for [[Ranchi University]] in the [[Khelo India University Games|2nd Khelo India University games]] at Bengaluru in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hockey India: Altiusrt |url=https://hockeyindia.altiusrt.com/people/23796 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=hockeyindia.altiusrt.com}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Kumari is from Simdega, Jharkhand.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-09 |title=Three girls from Simdega get India call-up again |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/three-girls-from-simdega-get-india-call-up-again/articleshow/105103315.cms |access-date=2025-02-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She joined the South Easter Railways at Ranchi Rail Division in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=जूनियर भारतीय महिला हॉकी टीम की सदस्य रोपनी कुमारी को रेलवे में नौकरी, अभी बेंगलुरु के नेशनल कैंप में ले रहीं है हिस्सा |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/jharkhand/ranchi/junior-indian-women-hockey-team-member-ropani-kumari-got-a-job-in-railways-currently-taking-part-in-national-camp-in-bengaluru/articleshow/104913911.cms |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

== Career ==
She played all the six matches as part of the Junior India team at the 2023 Women's FIH Hockey Junior Asia Cup in June 2023 at [[Kakamigahara]], where India won the gold.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=International Hockey Federation |url=https://tms.fih.ch/people/30062 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=tms.fih.ch}}</ref> Later in August 2023, she participated in the 4 Nations Junior Women's invitational tournament at [[Düsseldorf]]. Then in November, she played the [[2023 Women's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup]] at Santiago.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-08 |title=FIH Hockey Women's Junior World Cup: India beat South Korea in 9th-12th classification match |url=https://scroll.in/field/1060273/fih-hockey-womens-junior-world-cup-india-beat-south-korea-in-9th-12th-classification-match |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> In May 2024, she was part of the Indian National camp at [[Bengaluru]] and was selected to the core Senior Indian team probables and was selected to play the FIH Hockey Pro League for women in 2023-2024 but could not make her debut.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-24 |title='Learning experience to train alongside senior players': Ropni Kumari |url=https://thebridge.in/hockey/ropni-kumari-women-hockey-team-defender-views-on-previous-year-47016#google_vignette |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref> Now she is listed to play the 2024-2025 Pro League in February 2025 at [[Bhubaneswar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hockey India names 33-member core probable group for National Women's Coaching Camp |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/hockey/hockey-india-names-33-member-core-probable-group-for-national-womens-coaching-camp20240914231108/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumari, Ropni}}
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:People from Simdega district]]
[[Category:Women's field hockey defenders]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Ram Chandra Yadav (Bihar politician)

2026-04-11T20:46:12Z

Qtree2009: stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ram Chandra Yadav
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Politician social work
| spouse =
| children =
| parents =
| relations =
| alma_mater =
| office = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Ghosi, Bihar Assembly constituency|Ghosi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/ghosi.html|title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Ghosi Assembly Constituency|website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
| term_start = 1951
| term_end = 1962
| predecessor = Position established
| successor = Mithileshwar Prasad Singh
| constituency1 = [[Jehanabad Assembly constituency|Jehanabad]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/jahanabad.html|title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Jahanabad Assembly Constituency|website=www.elections.in|accessdate=12 August 2021}}</ref>
| term_start1 = 1977
| term_end1 = 1980
| predecessor1 = Mahabir Chaudhary
| successor1 = Tara Gupta
| party = [[Janata Party]] [[Independent politician|Independent]]
}}
''' Ram Chandra Yadav''' was an [[Indian politician]] who was elected as a member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Ghosi, Bihar Assembly constituency|Ghosi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatisticalReports_51_BIHAR.pdf|title=Bihar Legislative Assembly Elections 1951|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006121833/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatisticalReports_51_BIHAR.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010 }}</ref> constituency in 1951 as the [[Independent politician|Independent]] candidate and in [[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]] elections he won from [[Jehanabad Assembly constituency|Jehanabad]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Bihar.pdf|title=Bihar Legislative Assembly Elections 1977|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006073330/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Bihar.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010 }}</ref> constituency as the candidate of [[Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bihar.punjabkesari.in/national/news/jehanabad-assembly-seat-results-2015-2010-2005-bihar-election-2020-1258008|title=बिहार के 243 विधानसभा सीटों में से एक जहानाबाद विधानसभा सीट (Jehanabad Assembly Seat)|website=bihar.punjabkesari.in|accessdate=10 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/election-campaign-ends-in-jehanabad-14-candidates-are-in-electoral-field-1297503.html|title=चुनाव प्रचार खत्म, 11 मार्च को अपना MLA चुनेगी जहानाबाद की जनता|website=hindi.news18.com|accessdate=9 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-jdu-education-minister-stepped-in-to-stop-rjd-hattrick-in-jehanabad-assembly-seat-20961787.html|title=Jehanabad Election 2020 : जहानाबाद विधानसभा सीट पर राजद की हैट्रिक रोकने को मैदान में उतरे जदयू के शिक्षा मंत्री|website=www.jagran.com|accessdate=27 October 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Ghosi, Bihar Assembly constituency]]
* [[Jehanabad Assembly constituency]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Ram Chandra}}
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1977–1980]]
[[Category:People from Jehanabad district]]
[[Category:Janata Party politicians]]
[[Category:Possibly living people]]

Devajit Saikia

2026-04-05T11:09:34Z

Qtree2009: created entry

{{Short description|Indian advocate}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Devajit Saikia
| image = Devajit Saikia1.jpg
| education = [[Master of Economics|MEcon]]; [[LLB]]
| alma_mater = Cotton College, Gauhati University
| known_for =
| office = Secretary of the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]]
| term_start = 8 December 2024
| predecessor = [[Jay Shah]]
| office1 = [[Advocate general (India)|Advocate General]] of [[Government of Assam|Assam]]
| predecessor1 = Romesh Gohain
| successor1 =
| term_start2 =
| appointer1 = Governor [[Jagdish Mukhi]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]]
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| term_start1 = 20 May 2021
| occupation = Attorney; sports administrator
}}

'''Devajit Saikia''' is an Indian advocate, a former [[first class cricket]]er and a cricket administrator. He is the secretary of the BCCI. Saikia was re-elected as the secretary of the top cricket body of India on September 28, 2025 during their 94th AGM in Mumbai. Prior to that, he was holding the position from January 2025 when Jay Shah was elected as the Chairperson of the ICC. Apart from that, Saikia is a Board Director of ICC representing the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-18 |title=Devajit Saikia elected as new BCCI joint secretary |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/devajit-saikia-elected-as-new-bcci-joint-secretary-618897 |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=Sentinel Assam |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BCCI appoints Devajit Saikia as board's acting secretary |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/roger-binny-appoints-devajit-saikia-as-bcci-s-acting-secretary-1464281 |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=icc |title=ICC Board of Directors, Chief Executives & IDI Board of Directors |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/the-icc/structure/board |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=icc |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mithun Manhas elected 37th BCCI president |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-news-mithun-manhas-elected-37th-bcci-president-1504787 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250928192440/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-news-mithun-manhas-elected-37th-bcci-president-1504787 |archive-date=2025-09-28 |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Devajit Saikia re-elected as BCCI Secretary: A landmark moment for Assam and North East India |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/cricket/devajit-saikia-re-elected-as-bcci-secretary-a-landmark-moment-for-assam-and-north-east-india20250928194602/ |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Born and raised in [[Guwahati]], Saikia studied in [[Cotton University|Cotton College]] and went on to play in the [[Ranji Trophy]] for [[Assam cricket team]] as a [[wicket-keeper]] and [[middle order]] batter.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Devjit Saikia Profile - Cricket Player India {{!}} Stats, Records, Video |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/devjit-saikia-34727 |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

He also served as the Secretary of the [[Assam Cricket Association]] and is the General Secretary of the Guwahati Sports Association, one of the oldest sports bodies in eastern India.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-02 |title=Guwahati Sports Association election: Paresh, Devajit set to be elected unopposed |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/sports-news/local-sports/guwahati-sports-association-election-paresh-devajit-set-to-be-elected-unopposed-647943 |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=Sentinel Assam |language=en}}</ref> In addition, Saikia is the incumbent [[Advocate general (India)|Advocate General]] of [[Assam]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=Devajit Saikia appointed as the 18th Advocate General of Assam, ACA extend wishes - NKTV |url=https://www.nktv.in/devajit-saikia-appointed-as-the-18th-advocate-general-of-assam-aca-extend-wishes/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Saikia served as Joint Secretary of the BCCI prior to becoming Secretary.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karhadkar |first=Amol |date=2025-01-12 |title=Devajit Saikia elected as BCCI secretary, Prabhtej Singh Bhatia is treasurer |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/devajit-saikia-unanimously-elected-as-bcci-secretary-prabhtej-singh-bhatia-elected-as-treasurer/article69091766.ece |access-date=2025-10-21 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Saikia was born on 19 April 1969 to Tunga Bhadra Saikia and Dipika Saikia at Happy Villa, Uzan Bazar, Guwahati. Known by the nickname ‘Lon’, he completed his schooling at [[Don Bosco High School, Guwahati|Don Bosco School, Guwahati]], where he passed his HSLC examination in 1984. His later studied [[Economics]] at [[Cotton College, Gauhati|Cotton College]] under [[Gauhati University]], graduating in 1990 and completing his [[Master’s Degree]] in 1994.He obtained an [[LLB degree]] from Old Earle Law College (now [[BRM Government Law College|BRM Govt. Law College]]) in 1996.{{citation needed|date=May 2025}}

== Legal career ==
Saikia enrolled as a lawyer under Bar Council of Assam and began practising at the [[Gauhati High Court]] in December 1997. Before this, he worked in [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|NF Railway]] from 1989 to 1991 and then at the [[Reserve Bank of India]] (Guwahati) from 1991 to 1996, both under sports quota.<ref name=":3" />

Between 1997 and 2004, he practiced in areas including writ jurisdiction, criminal law and insurance law.

From 2005, he represented the Assam Government in cases involving departments like Finance, Taxation, Health and Education. In 2009, he was appointed Additional Advocate General of Meghalaya, a position he held until September 2011. From 2011 to 2014, he served as Additional Advocate General of Assam before having an unceremonious exit due to differences with the then Chief Minister [[Tarun Gogoi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Advocate General & AAG |url=https://meghalayahighcourt.nic.in/advocate-general-aag |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=meghalayahighcourt.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2014 |title=Official blames strife for removal |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/official-blames-strife-for-removal/cid/288340 |website=telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

From 2014 to 2016, he resumed private practice, handling several public interest litigations and matters related to constitutional, criminal and service law.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Patowary |first=Digambar |date=19 January 2016 |title=Assam CM Gogoi appears before court in Rs 100 crore defamation case |url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/assam-cm-gogoi-appears-before-court-in-rs-100-crore-defamation-case/story-qUc5RId5os8TsrXDRwZLxL.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rahman |first=Daulat |date=30 March 2016 |title=Gogoi accuses BJP of topple plan |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/gogoi-accuses-bjp-of-topple-plan/cid/1488735 |website=telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

In July 2016, he was appointed Senior Additional Advocate General of Assam. In 2017, he had brief stint of two months as Advocate General of Assam (acting). Later on, he continued to hold the post of Senior Additional Advocate General Assam till December 2018, when he resigned in order to be eligible to contest for the post of Secretary of Assam Cricket Association as under the eligibility norms of the association’s constitution, there existed, at the relevant point of time, a bar for anyone holding public office from contesting for any post of office bearers of the cricket association.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nabab Ali dreams of his trainees donning blue jersey |url=https://www.awazthevoice.in/sports-news/cricket-coach-nabab-ali-nawab-dreams-of-his-trainees-donning-blue-jersey-9052.html |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=awazthevoice.in |language=en}}</ref>

On 21 May 2021, he was appointed Advocate General of Assam, becoming the youngest to hold the position at 52 years and one month. He continues to hold the post.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Advocate Generals of Assam |url=https://ghconline.gov.in/index.php/former-advocate-general/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=ghconline.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Govt of Assam |first=Judicial Dept |date=28 May 2019 |title=Govt of Assam Notification |url=https://judicial.assam.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/judicial_uneecopscloud_com_oid_3/menu/document/notification_regarding_to_appoint_shri_devajit_saikia_sr._advocate_as_sr._standing_counsel_govt._of_assam_in_the_ghc_and_sc_of_india_to_represent_govt._of_assam.pdf |website=judicial.assam.gov.in}}</ref>

== Cricket career ==
Saikia represented Assam in various age-group tournaments beginning in 1984 with the [[C. K. Nayudu Trophy|CK Nayudu Trophy]] for school cricket in Lucknow. A year later, he played in the Vijay Merchant Trophy for Assam Under-15 team in [[Keenan Stadium]] [[Jamshedpur]] in which he scored an unbeaten 55 on debut. From 1986 to 1989, he represented Assam (Under-19) in the Cooch Behar Trophy.

In the [[Vijay Hazare Trophy]] (Under-17) in 1987, he scored a century against [[Orissa]] in Kolkata, earning selection to the East Zone team to participate in the national Vijay Hazare Trophy, in which he played all three matches as the zone won the championship in [[Kanpur]] in 1987-88. Players such as [[Sourav Ganguly]] and [[Ranjib Biswal]] were his teammates in that squad.

In 1988, he also played for the Wills XI under the captainship of [[Maninder Singh (cricketer)|Maninder Singh]] in the now-defunct Wills Trophy.

By 1989, Saikia was selected for Assam’s Ranji Trophy side, and he played four matches in the 1989-90 season. He made his Ranji debut in 1991 and played four matches as a wicketkeeper and middle-order batter.<ref name=":0" />

He discontinued professional cricket at age 21 to focus on academics.

He also represented Gauhati University in the [[Rohinton Baria Trophy]] for several seasons.

His cricket involvement extended beyond traditional formats. In 2003, Saikia represented various teams in six-a-side tournaments across Asia and the United Kingdom. In 2004, he played for the Indian Lawyers Team in [[Colombo]] and [[Galle]] in Sri Lanka, and in 2005 he took part in a lawyers' cricket tournament in London. He later toured the West Indies (Barbados and Trinidad & Tobago) in 2006, followed by a second tour of the United Kingdom. He participated in the Lawyers’ World Cup held in Cambridge and London in 2009, where the Indian team finished as runners-up to [[Australia]]. In 2015-16, he captained one of two Indian Lawyers Team in the Lawyers’ World Cup in [[Brisbane]], Australia and continued to represent the team in the 2017-18 edition held in Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=Devajit Saikia appointed as the 18th Advocate General of Assam, ACA extend wishes - NKTV |url=https://www.nktv.in/devajit-saikia-appointed-as-the-18th-advocate-general-of-assam-aca-extend-wishes/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Sports administrator ==
Saikia entered sports administration began in 2003 when he was elected Vice President of [[Gauhati Town Club]] (GTC), a century-old prestigious sports club in eastern India. In 2008, he was elected as General Secretary of GTC, with [[Himanta Biswa Sarma|Dr. Himanta Biswa Sarma]] as President, during which time several sports academies were established in chess, boxing, football and cricket.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-09-15 |title=Use Judge's Field only for sports: HC |url=https://assamtribune.com/use-judges-field-only-for-sports-hc |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=assamtribune.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=7 April 2008 |title=Sport comeback on Judges Field |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/sport-comeback-on-judges-field/cid/597293 |website=telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=3 April 2012 |title=HC glare on Judges Field |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/hc-glare-on-judges-field/cid/434062 |website=telegraphindia.com}}</ref>
[[File:Devajit Saikia Lovlina.jpg|thumb|410x410px|Devajit Saikia is seen with Olympic medallist boxer Lovlina Borgohain during the inauguration of the Boxing Academy of Gauhati Town Club.]]
During this time, Saikia, along with four others, filed a Public Interest Litigation in the Gauhati High Court seeking the restoration of [[Judges Field|Judges' Field]], which had increasingly been used for commercial and non-sporting activities. The petition aimed to return the ground to its intended use as a sports venue. Following the court's directives, Judges' Field was restored and equipped with sports infrastructure, including flood light system and earthen galleries, and designated primarily for sports-related activities.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" />

During his tenure, GTC undertook several infrastructure and programme expansions. In 2010, the club inaugurated its new building and introduced initiatives such as the Residential Football Academy and the Cricket Centre of Excellence. The Swimming Centre and GTC Chess Academy were also established that year. Additional facilities were added later, including a Badminton Coaching Centre in 2014 and a Boxing Academy in 2021, the latter inaugurated by Olympic medalist [[Lovlina Borgohain]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-18 |title=Olympic medal winner Lovlina inaugurates Gauhati Town Club Boxing Academy |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/sports-news/local-sports/olympic-medal-winner-lovlina-inaugurates-gauhati-town-club-boxing-academy-597816 |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=Sentinel Assam |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lovlina Borgohain Inaugurates Boxing Centre At Gauhati Town Club |url=https://guwahatiplus.com/guwahati/lovlina-borgohain-inaugurates-boxing-centre-at-gauhati-town-club |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=guwahatiplus.com |language=en}}</ref>

In 2014, Saikia filed a Public Interest Litigation regarding financial corruption and irregularities in team selection within the Assam Cricket Association (ACA). The case led to court-directed reforms, and in May 2016 one of the incumbent office bearers was barred from contesting elections. The association at the time faced several allegations of mismanagement and corruption.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-07-25 |title=HC orders seizure of cricket association's papers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/hc-orders-seizure-of-cricket-associations-papers/articleshow/48207968.cms |access-date=2024-09-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2015 |title=High court setback for ACA |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/high-court-setback-for-aca/cid/1391985 |website=telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

In June 2016, a new ACA committee was formed, with Dr. Himanta Biswa Sarma as President, and Saikia was elected as one of the six Vice Presidents.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-09-15 |title=Himanta Biswa Sarma becomes ACA chief |url=https://assamtribune.com/himanta-biswa-sarma-becomes-aca-chief |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=assamtribune.com |language=en}}</ref>

Saikia briefly resigned from the post of Vice President of ACA in 2018 due to his indifferences with the then General Secretary but later withdrew his resignation at the request of the Governing Body.

Between 2016 and 2018, he contributed to efforts to secure funds for completing the ACA Stadium in Barsapara and supported the continuation of cricket activities during a period of financial strain caused by the halt of BCCI funding amid ongoing litigation in the Supreme Court. He was also part of the association’s legal team involved in drafting and implementing the new constitution.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-01 |title=Barsapara stadium in Guwahati to host India vs Australia T20 on Oct 10 |url=https://thenewsmill.com/2017/08/barsapara-stadium-guwahati-host-india-vs-australia-t20-oct-10/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=thenewsmill.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

He was also part of the core ACA team responsible for hosting the first-ever T20 international match between India and Australia at the new ACA Stadium, Barsapara, in October 2017, followed by an ODI between India and the West Indies the next year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-05 |title=Assam's new stadium readies to host maiden international cricket match |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2017/Sep/05/assams-new-stadium-readies-to-host-maiden-international-cricket-match-1652910.html |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Assam's new stadium geared for ODI debut after several troubles |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/assam-s-new-stadium-geared-for-odi-debut-after-several-troubles-1162821 |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

In January 2019, Saikia was elected unopposed as Secretary and a member of the first Apex Council of ACA under the new constitution. In this role, he and the other council members introduced several administrative reforms, including the establishment of a professional office structure to improve financial and organisational processes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-31 |title=BCCI secretary Jay Shah visits ACA office at Barsapara cricket stadium |url=https://thenewsmill.com/2021/03/bcci-secretary-jay-shah-aca-barsapara-stadium/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=thenewsmill.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

Together with the Apex Council, he helped implement structural changes in tournament organisation and coaching programmes within the state. Initiatives such as the Assam Premier Club Championship—featuring over 6,500 registered players and more than 300 clubs—along with inter-university and inter-institution tournaments were introduced during his tenure.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-20 |title=Assam Premier Club Championship (APCC) begins in Guwahati city today; Trophy, Jersey unveiled |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/sports-news/local-sports/assam-premier-club-championship-apcc-begins-in-guwahati-city-today-trophy-jersey-unveiled |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=Sentinel Assam |language=en}}</ref>

As Secretary, Saikia also worked to expand women’s cricket in Assam. The Challengers Trophy for women and the inter-district [[Kanaklata Barua]] Trophy were launched during this period to create more competitive opportunities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-04 |title=Cricket: Kanaklata Barua Trophy from February 7 |url=https://thenewsmill.com/2022/02/cricket-kanaklata-barua-trophy-from-february-7/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=thenewsmill.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Women cricketers, footballers of Assam gear up for big league|url=https://nagalandpost.com/index.php/2022/03/30/women-cricketers-footballersof-assam-gear-up-for-big-league/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=nagalandpost.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-09 |title=State inter zonal women's cricket tourney under way |url=https://assamtribune.com/state-inter-zonal-womens-cricket-tourney-under-way |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=assamtribune.com |language=en}}</ref>

He played a role in establishing the [[ACA Cricket Academy]] in 2020, which began its residential coaching programme in 2021. Saikia continues to serve as the Academy’s Member Secretary.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gani |first=Abdul |date=2024-05-26 |title=Aaron Hardie's date with Guwahati spinners |url=https://assamtribune.com/sports/aaron-hardies-date-with-guwahati-spinners-1537375 |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=assamtribune.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ACA Cricket Academy Starts Coaches' Course With Acclaimed Australian Trainers |url=https://guwahatiplus.com/guwahati/aca-cricket-academy-starts-coaches-course-with-acclaimed-australian-trainers |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=guwahatiplus.com |language=en}}</ref>

During his tenure of a little over three years, including the two years affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the ACA developed 23 cricket grounds and related infrastructure across Assam. Notable projects include the [[Amingaon Cricket Ground]] (a First-Class venue), the North Guwahati Ground, Furkating Cricket Ground in [[Golaghat]], Tezpur University Ground, Assam Agriculture University Ground, Umrangso Cricket Ground, Barpeta Cricket Stadium, Barhampur Cricket Ground, Nagaon. Other significant projects included infrastructure improvements at Nehru Stadium, Guwahati, Charaideo, [[Nazira]], Mulukgaon, [[Dhubri]], [[Biswanath district|Biswanath]] among few others.

== BCCI Joint Secretary ==
[[File:Devajit Saikia BCCI.jpg|thumb|BCCI Joint Secretary Devajit Saikia (extreme left) with BCCI Secretary Jay Shah, BCCI President Roger Binny and others during the inauguration of the Centre of Excellence of National Cricket Academy in Bengaluru. |414x414px]]
On 18 October 2022, he was elected Joint Secretary of the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] and a member of the Apex Council of the Premier Sports Organization of the world. During his tenure as Secretary of BCCI, he participated in several administrative initiatives under the leadership of Jay Shah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-18 |title=Assam's Devajit Saikia Becomes BCCI Joint Secretary |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/sports-news/assams-devajit-saikia-becomes-bcci-joint-secretary-618812 |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=Sentinel Assam |language=en}}</ref>

== Role at Guwahati Sports Association (GSA) ==
On 6 May 2023, Saikia was elected General Secretary of the Guwahati Sports Association (GSA). In this role, he oversaw the drafting and adoption of a revised constitution to introduce organisational reforms. Within two months, the new constitution was implemented, after which the existing body resigned and a new one was elected under the updated framework, with Saikia retaining his position for a four-year term.

In the early months of his tenure, Saikia helped introduce age-group football tournaments aimed at supporting youth development in Guwahati. The GSA launched the Youth and Kids League for players in the Under-7, Under-9, Under-11, Under-13, Under-15 and Under-17 categories. The association also separated club teams from office teams in the GSA league and restructured the league into A, B and C divisions, replacing the earlier Super League format.

He also contributed to the introduction of the Guwahati Premier Football League, a tournament designed to enhance competitive football among local clubs and institutions, which drew significant attendance at Judges' Field in its inaugural year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Sentinel Digital |date=2023-05-07 |title=Guwahati Sports Association constitutes a new committee in AGM |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/sports-news/guwahati-sports-association-constitutes-a-new-committee-in-agm-648605 |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=Sentinel Assam |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NewsDesk |first=T. N. M. |date=2023-10-17 |title=Guwahati Sports Association joins hand with NEUFC for youth leagues |url=https://thenewsmill.com/2023/10/guwahati-sports-association-joins-hand-with-neufc-for-youth-leagues/ |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=thenewsmill.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Sentinel Digital |date=2023-11-09 |title=Youth and Kids League to kick off on Saturday at Gauhati Town Club auditorium |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/sports-news/local-sports/youth-and-kids-league-to-kick-off-on-saturday-at-gauhati-town-club-auditorium-674836 |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=Sentinel Assam |language=en}}</ref>

On 27 September, Saikia announced that the iconic [[Bordoloi Trophy]] football tournament would be revamped and held in a new format from January 2025. The planned three-month event is expected to include more than 5,600 players representing 284 clubs from across Assam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karmakar |first=Rahul |date=2024-09-27 |title=Indian football: Bordoloi trophy 2025 to begin on January 20 under new format across Assam |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/bordoloi-trophy-2025-to-begin-on-january-9-new-format-explained-assam-indian-football-updates/article68691889.ece |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

== Other activities ==
Saikia has undertaken several long-distance motorcycle journeys both within India and abroad, including Route 66 in the United States (2024), Spiti Valley (2023), Ladakh (2016), Southern Thailand, and parts of France (1998).

He has also completed high-altitude treks, including Everest Base Camp (2019), Annapurna Base Camp (2022), Dzongri (2015), and Sandakpu (2001).

In 2017, he undertook an expedition to the North Pole.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DgXN4Z8rqpc |title=Exclusive Interview with BCCI Joint Secretary Devajit Saikia at AT Dialogue 2024 |date=2024-09-23 |last=The Assam Tribune |access-date=2024-09-27 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tribune |first=The Assam |date=2024-08-07 |title=Motorcycle diaries |url=https://assamtribune.com/culture/motorcycle-diaries-1547069 |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=assamtribune.com |language=en}}</ref>

On 14 October 2025, Saikia delivered a [[TED (conference)|TEDx Talks]] at TEDx Royal Global University, discussing his journey in cricket.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhsEKH0MvE8 |title=My Second Innings: A Journey through Cricket and Law {{!}} Devajit Saikia {{!}} TEDxRoyalGlobalUniversity |date=2025-10-14 |last=TEDx Talks |access-date=2025-10-21 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saikia, Devajit}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Advocates general for Indian states]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Guwahati]]
[[Category:Indian cricket administrators]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Balu Ananda Chopade

2026-04-04T03:38:27Z

Qtree2009: Made A Details

{{Short description|Indian academic}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Balu Ananda Chopade
| image = Balu Ananda Chopade.jpg
| alt =
| caption = B. A. Chopade in 2025
| order =
| term_start = 2023
| predecessor =
| office1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 = [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University]], Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra, India.
| term_start2 = 2014
| term_end2 = 2019
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| alma_mater = [[Shivaji University]],[[Savitribai Phule Pune University]], [[University of Nottingham]], England [[University of Illinois Chicago|University of Illinois, Chicago]]
| occupation = Academician
| profession = Scientist
| office = [[AKS University]], Satna
}}

'''Balu Ananda Chopade''' is an academician, microbiologist, and scientist who is currently serving as Vice-Chancellor of [[AKS University]], Satna, Madhya Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |title= From the Desk of Vice-Chancellor |url= https://www.aksuniversity.ac.in/Vice-Chancellor-Message | website =AKS University |access-date= October 18, 2025}}</ref> Previously, he served as the Vice-Chancellor of [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University]], Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra for the term 2014-2019.<ref>{{cite web |title= Chancellor K Sankaranarayanan appointed Prof Balu Ananda Chopade as the new Vice Chancellor of the Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University (BAMU), Aurangabad |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/chancellor-k-sankaranarayanan-appointedprof-balu-ananda-chopade-as-the-new-vice-chancellor-ofthe-dr-babasaheb-ambedkar-marathwada-university-bamu-aurangabad-he-is-presently-serving-as-professor-of-microbiology-department-of-microbiology-at-the-university-of-pune-he-succeeds-dr-vijay-m-pandharipande-whose-term-ended-on-march-27-/articleshow/36067449.cms | website =Times of India |access-date= October 18, 2025}}</ref> He also served as the Director of Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (IBB), head, Department of Microbiology, over one decade at [[Savitribai Phule Pune University]].<ref>{{cite web |title= University of Pune Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology |url= https://www.unipune.ac.in/university_files/pdf/career/Advertisement_IBB.pdf | website =UniPune |access-date= October 18, 2025}}</ref>

== Life and career ==

He was born on 1 July 1956 in [[Karad]], Maharashtra, India. He completed his bachelor's degree (B.Sc.) in Microbiology from [[Shivaji University]], Kolhapur, master's degree (microbiology) from [[Savitribai Phule Pune University]], Pune, and a PhD in Microbiology from the Department of Microbiology, Queens Medical Center, [[University of Nottingham]], England. Government of USA awarded him the most prestigious Fogarty International research award (1994-1996) of National Institute of Health (NIH) for research on genetic engineering at University of Illinois, Chicago and subsequently returned to India and rejoined S.P Pune University and became Director of Institute of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (IBB).<ref>https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/41514</ref> His contributions are centered on the Acinetobacter group of microorganisms in the field of Plasmid DNA transfer, agriculture, medicine and nanotechnology. He is known for his contributions in demonstrating the Pra gene homolog of the Ras oncogene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. His research supported new methods of gene transfer through the outer membrane vesicle of Acinetobacter baylyi. Research by him also helped establish Acinetobacter as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and a model system for nanotechnology among microorganisms.<ref>Journal of Bacteriology (1997) 179 (7) 2181-2188. Retrieved on 2025-10-17</ref><ref>United States Patent. US 7,341,868 Retrieved on 2025-10-17</ref><ref>International Journal of Nanomedicine (2013) Retrieved on 2025-10-17</ref>

== Patents ==
* Chopade, B. A; Huddedar, S.B; Shete, A.M; Tilekar, J. N; Gore, S. D. and Dhavale, D.D; (2008). Plasmid encoding IAA and method thereof. United States Patent 7341868.<ref>{{cite web |title= Plasmid encoding IAA and a method thereof |url= https://patents.google.com/patent/US7341868B2/en | website =Patents Google |access-date= October 18, 2025}}</ref>
* Chopade Balu Ananda, Suchitra Vishal Mokashi, Karishma Pardesi (2013) Process for the preparation of syrup from Neera, a sweet sap obtained from palm tree particularly Phoenix sylvestris. Indian Patent No. 417597.<ref>{{cite web |title= Publications |url= https://www.unipune.ac.in/dept/science/microbiology/microbio_webfiles/publication.htm | website= UniPune|access-date= October 18, 2025}}</ref>

== Books ==

* Chopade B. A (2017) Bharat Ratna Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: Unique Thinker of 20th Century. Published by Dr. B.A.M. University, Aurangabad and Bhaishya Prakashan, Mumbai, India. ISBN No.:978-93-83206-02-5
* Ghosh. S and Chopade B. A (2017) Dioscorea bulbifera: A Model System in Nano Biotechnology and Medicine. Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany. ISBN No.: 9783-330-05529-2
* Chopade B. A (2016) Chief Editor, Navyugnirmate, Bharat Ratna Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and Kailash Publications Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. ISBN No. 978-93-844451-84-4
* Chopade B. A (2009) Editor, Wealth of India, Volume on Biodiversity, Published by NISCAIR, CSIR, Govt of India, New Delhi, India. ISBN No. 81-85038-00-7

== Recognition ==

* Most Outstanding Vice-Chancellor in India (2016) by World Education Congress in Mumbai<ref>{{cite web |title =Detaile Biodata Professor B.A.Chopade |url= https://aksuniversity.com/sites/default/files/2025-11/Detailed_BioData_of_Vice_Chancellor_Prof.%20B.%20A.Chopade.pdf | website= AKS University|access-date= November 19, 2025}}</ref>
* Bronze Medal conferred by International Genetically Engineered Machines (iGEM) (2009), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
* Lifetime Achievement Award, awarded by National Institute of Cleanliness Education and Research (NICER), (2009)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=TCJQFDQAAAAJ Google Scholar Profile]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIbaf6DCdhY Interview of Professor B.A. Chopade on Doordarshan Sahyadri]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT: Chopade, Balu Ananda}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian microbiologists]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:Indian academic administrators]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
{{India-scientist-stub}}
{{biologist-stub}}

Force 2

2026-03-27T09:48:42Z

Qtree2009:

{{short description|2016 Hindi film directed by Abhinay Deo}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Force2
| image = Force 2-FL.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Abhinay Deo]]
| producer = [[Vipul Shah]] [[Viacom 18 Motion Pictures]] [[John Abraham]]
| writer = Parveez Shaikh Jasmeet K. Reen
| starring = [[John Abraham]] [[Sonakshi Sinha]] [[Tahir Raj Bhasin]]
| music = '''Score:''' Prasad Sashte '''Songs:''' Gourov-Roshin [[Amaal Mallik]]
| cinematography = Imre Juhasz Mohana Krishna
| editing = [[Amitabh Shukla]] Sanjay Sharma
| studio = Sunshine Pictures Pvt. Ltd J.A. Entertainment
| distributor = [[Viacom 18 Motion Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|2016|11|18|df=y}}<ref name="indi_Forc">{{cite web |title=Force 2: Sonakshi Sinha and John Abraham-starrer to release in November |last=Thakur |first=Charu |work=[[India Today]] |publisher=Living Media India |date=19 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2016 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/force-2-sonakshi-sinha-and-john-abraham-starrer-to-release-in-november-324486-2016-05-19}}</ref>
| runtime = 127 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}41 crore<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3429 |title=Force 2 |work=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}58.8 crore <ref name="Force 2 BH">{{cite web |author=Bollywood Hungama News Network |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-breakup-force-2/ |title=Box Office: Worldwide Collections and Day wise breakup of Force 2 |publisher=Hungama Digital Media Entertainment |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=19 November 2016 |access-date=2 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/Force-2-box-office-collection-Day-5-John-Sonakshis-film-dips-further/articleshow/55580490.cms |title='Force 2' box-office collection Day 5: John-Sonakshi's film dips further |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |date=17 January 2017 |access-date=13 July 2018}}</ref>
| native_name =
}}

'''''Force 2''''' is a 2016 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action thriller film]] directed by [[Abhinay Deo]] and produced by [[Vipul Shah]]. The film stars [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], [[Tahir Raj Bhasin]], and [[Sonakshi Sinha]] in the lead roles.<ref name="intoday1"/> It is the sequel to the 2011 film ''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]'' and the second installment of the [[Force (film series)|''Force'' film series]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sonakshi-sinha-to-romance-john-abraham-in-force-2-2103611 |title=Sonakshi Sinha to romance John Abraham in 'Force 2' |newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |publisher=Diligent Media Corporation |first=Shrishti |last=Dixit |date=11 July 2015 |access-date=17 July 2015}}</ref>

[[Principal photography]] of the film commenced in August 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/548824 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330194551/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/548824 |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 March 2015 |title=Force 2 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |publisher=Hungama Digital Media Entertainment |access-date=17 July 2015}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news |url=http://www.media247.co.uk/showbiz/force-2-to-go-on-the-floors-in-august-2015 |title='Force 2′ to go on the floors in August |newspaper=BizAsia|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001623/http://media247.co.uk/showbiz/force-2-to-go-on-the-floors-in-august-2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |first=Amrita |last=Tanna |publisher=Media 247 |date=30 June 2015 |access-date=17 July 2015}}
</ref>

''Force 2'' was released on 18 November 2016 and received positive reviews from critics, but became a [[Box-office bomb|commercial disappointment]] at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-omg-john-abraham-will-lift-a-car-in-force-2-2259589 |title=OMG! John Abraham will lift a car in 'Force 2' |newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |publisher=Diligent Media Corporation |author=DNA Web Team |date=28 September 2016 |access-date=28 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/force-2-punches-demonetisation-away-becomes-john-abraham-s-biggest-opener/story-DXnflJJbMJ28c9oxsf1smM.html |title=Force 2 punches demonetisation away, becomes John Abraham's biggest opener |date=19 November 2016 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=IANS |publisher=HT Media |access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref>

==Plot==
In [[China]], some of the [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]] agents are being killed by someone. One of the agents is Harish, who is the best friend of [[Assistant Commissioner of Police]] Yashvardhan "Yash" Singh. Before being killed, Harish passes an important coded message in a book to Yash, who is still not recovered from the loss of his wife, Maya. After receiving the book, Yash learns of a conspiracy that has been set in motion, targeting only RAW agents, and takes the book and the clues to the RAW headquarters, where the agency understands the legitimacy of the situation and puts Yash in-charge of tracking down the culprit.

Yash is teamed with another RAW agent, [[Sub Inspector]] Kamaljeet "KK" Kaur. They track down the culprit in the Indian embassy in [[Budapest]]. The mastermind of the conspiracy against RAW agents is Shiv Sharma, a nerdy hacker. In Budapest, a cat and mouse chase begins between Shiv and KK-Yash. They come close to nabbing him several times, but he always proves to be a step ahead and manages to escape every time. While digging into Shiv's past for more information, Yash eventually learns from his aide Sawant and RAW chief Anjan Das that Shiv is actually a [[pseudonym]] used by the terrorist to mask his real identity as Rudra Pratap Singh, who is the son of a RAW agent Karan Pratap Singh.

Karan had been sacrificed in an operation years ago, and Rudra was left heartbroken after HRD Minister Brijesh Verma branded Karan and several other RAW agents as traitors, which led Rudra's mother to commit suicide. Yash learns that Rudra is now seeking revenge from RAW for betraying Karan and ultimately realizes that his real target is Brijesh. In an assembly in Budapest, Rudra gears up to shoot Brijesh, though KK and Yash reach there in time and kill him before he can do any harm. Before Rudra dies, Yash forces Brijesh to accept his mistakes in front of the media, clearing Karan's name. Rudra dies happily after hearing this. In the aftermath, Maya's spirit appreciates Yash and suggests that KK will be a perfect match for him.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[John Abraham]] as [[Assistant Commissioner of Police|A.C.P]] Yashvardhan ″Yash″ Singh
*[[Sonakshi Sinha]] as [[Sub Inspector]] Kamaljeet Kaur aka K.K.
*[[Tahir Raj Bhasin]]<ref name="indi_Viac">{{cite news |title=Viacom18 to present John Abraham's Force 2 |author=IANS |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=25 December 2015 |access-date=1 September 2016 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/viacom18-to-present-john-abrahams-force-2/}}</ref> as Shiv Sharma(fake name) & Rudra Pratap Singh (Real name)
*[[Narendra Jha]] as [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]] Head Anjan Das
*[[Adil Hussain]] as HRD Minister Brijesh Verma
*Vikram Kapadia as Naren Kaushik
*Patricia Mittler as Martinez
*[[Genelia D'Souza]] as Maya Yashwardhan Singh, Yash's wife as a spirit (cameo appearance)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/20219869/Genelia-D%27Souza-does-a-cameo-in-Force-2 |title=Genelia D'Souza does a cameo in Force 2 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |publisher=Hungama Digital Media Entertainment |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831093015/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/20219869/Genelia-D%27Souza-does-a-cameo-in-Force-2 |archive-date=31 August 2016 |author=Bollywood Hungama News Network |date=29 June 2016 |access-date=1 September 2016 }}</ref>
*[[Raj Babbar]] as Zonal Director of [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] Manish Singh Rajput (cameo appearance)
*[[Freddy Daruwala]] as RAW agent Harish Chaturvedi, Yash's best friend (cameo appearance)
*[[Boman Irani]] as Karan Pratap Singh, Rudra's father and a former RAW agent (cameo appearance)
*[[Shubhangi Latkar]] as Rudra's mother who commits suicide. (cameo appearance)
Additionally, [[Mohnish Behl]] as Atul Kalsekar (whose character Atul dies in ''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]'') makes a photographic cameo appearance in one of the group photos in Yash's apartment.
{{colend}}

==Reception==
===Critical reception===
On [[review aggregator]] [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film holds an approval rating of 63%, based on 8 reviews with an average rating of 5/10.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/force_2_2016 |title=Force 2 (2016) |work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=[[Fandango Media]] |access-date=13 July 2018}}</ref>

[[Taran Adarsh]] of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "''Force 2'' is a power packed adrenaline pumping action thriller which has the right mixture of zing and force".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/force-2/critic-review/force-2-movie-review/|title=Force 2 Movie Review|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=18 November 2016 }}</ref> Ananya Bhattacharya of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Force 2 is a decent one-time watch".<ref name="intoday1">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/force-2-movie-review-john-abraham-sonakshi-sinha-352574-2016-11-18 |title=Force 2 review: John-Sonakshi put country above all else in this thriller |first=Ananya |last=Bhattacharya |date=18 November 2016 |access-date=13 July 2018 |work=[[India Today]] |publisher=Living Media India}}</ref> and Nihit Bhave of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "In spite of a familiar story, it's a decent time at the cinema for the thrill-seekers; the action won’t disappoint. Go ahead and may the force be with you!".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/Force-2/movie-review/55473396.cms |title=Force 2 Movie Review: A Somewhat RAW Deal |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |date=18 November 2016 |first=Nihit |last=Bhave |access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref>

Shaheen Parkar of ''[[Mid-Day]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "'Force 2' is high on style, low on substance".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mid-day.com/articles/force-2-movie-review-john-abraham-sonakshi-sinha-tahir-raj-bhasin-bollywood-film-review/17766176 |title='Force 2' – Movie Review |first=Shaheen |last=Parkar |publisher=Mid-Day Infomedia |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=19 November 2016 |access-date=2 April 2017}}</ref> Rohit Vats of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "John Abraham and Sonakshi Sinha’s film has a noble heart. It wants to get the undercover agents, who selflessly serve the nation, their due, but the narrative hasn’t taken a favourable shape".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/force-2-review-logic-is-inversely-proportional-to-john-abraham-s-muscles/story-JdEHCNYBhWM0YswcAxW5mM.html |title=Force 2 review: Logic is inversely proportional to John Abraham's muscles |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |last=Vats |first=Rohit |date=1 April 2017 |access-date=2 April 2017}}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 1.5/5 stars and wrote "Neither John Abraham's hot bod nor Tahir Raj Bhasin's interesting portrayal of the villain can force this film out of the 'obvious' territory. The long car chases will tire you out too".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/force-2-movie-review-john-abraham-sonakshi-sinha-film-is-bond-bourne-rehash-star-rating-4381646/|title=Force 2 movie review: John Abraham, Sonakshi Sinha film is overlong and overstretched|website=The Indian Express|date=18 November 2016 }}</ref>

===Box office===
The film has grossed {{INR}}66 million on its first day, becoming John Abraham's highest opening grosser.<ref name="hindustantimes.com"/> The film faced problems due to [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation|demonetization]], which was active at the time of its release and grossed {{INR}}44.20 crore in India and {{INR}}526.0 million worldwide.<ref name="Force 2 BH" />

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album|cover=blank
| name=Force 2
| type=soundtrack
| artist=Gourov-Roshin and [[Amaal Mallik]]
| released=27 October 2016
| length=16:40
| language=[[Hindi]]
| label=[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| genre=[[Feature film soundtrack]]
| misc={{Extra chronology
| artist=Gourov-Roshin
| type=soundtrack
| prev_title=[[Commando 2]]
| prev_year=2017
| title=Force 2
| year=2016
| next_title=[[Mubarakan]]
| next_year=2017
}}
{{Extra chronology
| artist=[[Amaal Mallik]]
| type=soundtrack
| prev_title=[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story|M.S. Dhoni]]
| prev_year=2016
| title=Force 2
| year=2016
| next_title=[[Badrinath Ki Dulhania]]
| next_year=2017
}}
{{Singles
| name = Force 2
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Rang Laal
| single1date = 21 October 2016
}}
}}
The [[film score]] was composed by Prasad Sashte, who had earlier composed the score of ''[[Holiday: A Soldier Is Never Off Duty]]''. The lyrics have been written by [[Kumaar]] and [[Rashmi Virag]], and the songs have been composed by Gourov Roshin and [[Amaal Mallik]]. Its first song, ''Rang Laal'', which is sung by [[Dev Negi]], [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]] and [[Aditi Singh Sharma]] was released on 21 October 2016. The full soundtrack was released on 27 October 2016.
{{Track listing
| headline=Track listing
| extra_column= Singer(s)
| total_length= 16:40
| title1 = Rang Laal
| extra1 = [[Dev Negi]], [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], [[Aditi Singh Sharma]]
| length1 = 3:45
| music1=Gourov-Roshin
| lyrics1=[[Kumaar]]

| title2 = O Janiya
| extra2 = [[Neha Kakkar]]
| music2=Gourov-Roshin
| lyrics2=Kumaar
| length2= 4:22

| title3 = Catch Me If U Can
| extra3 = [[Amaal Mallik]]
| length3 = 4:21
| music3 = Gourov-Roshin
| lyrics3 = Kumaar

| title4 = Ishaara
| extra4 = [[Armaan Malik]]
| music4= Amaal Mallik
| lyrics4= [[Rashmi Virag]]
| length4 = 4:12
}}

==Game==
An official game based on the film has been launched after the release of the film by [[Hungama Digital Media Entertainment|Hungama Digital Media]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/official-game-of-force-2-starring-john-abraham-sonakshi-sinha-launched-4388283/ |title=Official game of Force 2, starring John Abraham, Sonakshi Sinha launched |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |author=IANS |date=21 November 2016 |access-date=2 April 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|force-2}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2016 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hungary]]
[[Category:Films shot in London]]
[[Category:Films shot in Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Intelligence Bureau (India) in fiction]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police]]
[[Category:Films about the Research & Analysis Wing]]
[[Category:Viacom18 Studios films]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:2016 action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Abhinay Deo]]
[[Category:Films adapted for other media]]

Jaan

2026-03-25T03:36:35Z

Qtree2009: created a entry added tags - done

{{wiktionary|Jaan|jaan}}
'''Jaan''' may refer to:

*[[Jaan (given name)]]
*[[Jaan (album)|''Jaan'' (album)]], an Indian pop album by Sonu Nigam
*[[Jaan (film)|''Jaan'' (film)]], a 1996 Bollywood action film directed by Raj Kanwar
*[[Gauhar Jaan]] (1873–1930), Indian singer and dancer

==See also==
*[[Jan (disambiguation)]]
*[[Jaaneman (disambiguation)]]

{{disambiguation|surname}}

[[de:Jaan]]

Ziaul Mustafa Razvi Qadri

2026-03-24T23:02:09Z

Qtree2009: Starting new entry

{{Short description|Muhadith e Kabeer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[His Eminence]], [[Mufti]]
| name = Zia ul Mustafa Aazmi
| honorific_suffix = Aazmi Qadri Razvi Amjadi
| image =
| image_upright =
| landscape =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = مفتی ضیاء المصطفیٰ اعظمی رضوی قادری امجدی
| native_name_lang = ur
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = Muhammad Waahid Ali
| birth_date = 2nd [[Shawwal]] [[Islamic calendar|1354]] {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1935|12|28}}
| birth_place = [[Ghosi]], [[Azamgarh]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| burial_place =
| burial_coordinates =
| monuments =
| other_names = Mumtaz ul Fuqaha, Muhadith E Kabeer, Allamah Shab
| siglum =
| citizenship = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Al Jamiatul Ashrafia]] ( [[Islamic calendar|1369–1377]])
| occupation = [[Mufti]], Muhadith, [[Religious]] [[Orator]], [[Islamic Scholar]]
| years_active =
| era = [[List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam|Contemporary]]
| employer =
| organization = [[Jamia Amjadia Rizvia]]<ref name="ngodarpan">{{cite web|url=https://ngodarpan.gov.in/index.php/search/|website=ngodarpan.gov.in|title=NGO Darpan|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627014157/http://ngodarpan.gov.in/index.php/search/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| agent =
| known_for = Spiritual Mythology, Teaching Hadith, [[Muslim]] [[Leader]]
| notable_works = Sharah ([[Annotation]]) of [[Al-Tirmidhi]] Sharif
| label_name =
| style =
| title = Mumtaz ul Fuqaha, Muhadith E Kabeer, Ameer ul Mo’mineen fil Hadith, Ustaaz ul Ulama, Mumtaz ul Muhaddiseen, Naa’ib Qaazi ul Quz’zat fil Hind
| term =
| predecessor = [[Mufti Amjad Ali Aazmi]]
| successor =
| party =
| movement = [[Barelvi]]
| opponents =
| boards = Islamic Community of India
| children = Mufti Ata ul Mustafa Aazmi, Mufti Abu Yousuf Muhammad Qadri and 2 other Sons, 3 Daughter
| father = [[Mufti Amjad Ali Aazmi]]
| relatives =
| family = [[Mufti Amjad Ali Aazmi]]
| website = [http://jamiaamjadia.net/Allamah.php amiaamjadia.net]
| module = {{Infobox religious biography
|embed = yes
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam]]
| Madh'hab = [[Hanafi]]
| lineage = [[Mufti Amjad Ali Aazmi]]
| sect =
| Sufi_order = [[Qadiriyya]]
| institute = Taibatul Ulma [[Jamia Amjadia Rizvia]] and Kulyatul Banatul Amjadia <ref name="jamiaamjadia">{{cite web|url=http://jamiaamjadia.net/index.php|website=jamiaamjadia.net|title=Taibatul Ulema Jamia Amjadia Rizvia|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603070052/http://jamiaamjadia.net/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| founder = Taibatul Ulma [[Jamia Amjadia Rizvia]] and Kulyatul Banatul Amjadia
| teacher = [[Mufti Amjad Ali Aazmi]], Faizul Aarifeen Allamah Ghulaam Aasi, Huzoor Haafiz E Millat Allamah Shah Abdul Aziz Mubarakpuri,
| students = About 30,000 Students, Mufti Abu Yusuf Muhammad Qadri, Maulana Afthab Cassim al-Qaadiri Razvi Noori Founder of Imam Mustafa Raza Research Centre, Durban, South Africa,
}}
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| signature =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Zia-al Mustafa Aazmi''' ({{langx|ur| ضیاء المصطفیٰ اعظمی رضوی قادری }}; {{langx|hi|ज़ियाउल मुस्तफा आज़मी}}) known reverentially as '''Muhaddis-e-Kabeer''' is an Indian Islamic scholar, teacher, orator, debater, [[Muhaddith]] and [[Faqīh|Faqih]] and is currently serving as Naa’ib Qaazi ul Quz’zat fil Hind (Deputy Islamic Chief Justice of India) under Mufti [[Asjad Raza Khan]].<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2019/04/08/local/182553/asjad-raza-appointed-leader-barelwi-muslims|title=Asjad Raza appointed leader of Barelwi Muslims|work=Daily News|date=6 April 2019|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-date=8 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208115421/https://www.dailynews.lk/2019/04/08/local/182553/asjad-raza-appointed-leader-barelwi-muslims|url-status=live}}</ref> He belongs to the [[Barelvi movement]] of Sunni Islam. He is the Head Mufti of [[Jamia Amjadia Razvia]].

He has memorised over 60,000 hadith with their narrators, having taught [[Sahih al-Bukhari|Bukhari]] and [[Sahih Muslim|Muslim]] for over five decades and producing tens of thousands of scholars. He was included in [[The 500 Most Influential Muslims]] published by [[Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre]] in 2013<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-28 |title=Mufti Taqi Usmani, Dr Aamir Liaquat among 500 influential Muslims |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/90621-mufti-taqi-usmani-dr-aamir-liaquat-among-500-influential-muslims |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=Geo.tv |language=en |archive-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126153457/https://www.geo.tv/latest/90621-mufti-taqi-usmani-dr-aamir-liaquat-among-500-influential-muslims |url-status=live }}</ref> and 2016.<ref name="themuslim500">{{cite web|url=https://www.themuslim500.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/TheMuslim500-2016-low.pdf|date=8 October 2015|title=The Muslim 500, 2016|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=13 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913185228/http://www.themuslim500.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/TheMuslim500-2016-low.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Allamah Zia Al-Mustafa |url=https://themuslim500.com/profiles/allamah-zia-al-mustafa/ |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=The Muslim 500 |language=en-US |archive-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126153459/https://themuslim500.com/profiles/allamah-zia-al-mustafa/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Mustafa was born on 28 December 1935 corresponding to 2nd of Shawwal Hijri 1354 in [[Ghosi]], Uttar Pradesh, India to [[Amjad Ali Aazmi]], former Grand Mufti of India and a successor of [[Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi]]. His birth name was Muhammad Waahid Ali. He traces his lineage to Maulana Khayrud’deen.<ref name="alihya">{{cite web|url=http://alihya.org.uk/the-sword-of-raza-muhaddith-e-kabeer/|website=alihya.org.uk|title=alihya.org.uk/the-sword-of-raza-muhaddith-e-kabeer/|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603070049/http://alihya.org.uk/the-sword-of-raza-muhaddith-e-kabeer/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ataunnabi">{{cite web|url=https://www.ataunnabi.com/2017/08/hayat-e-huzur-mohaddis-e-kabeer-by.html|title=Hayat E Huzur Mohaddis E Kabeer By Mufti Abul Hasan Misbahi|website=ataunnabi.com|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=16 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616102051/https://www.ataunnabi.com/2017/08/hayat-e-huzur-mohaddis-e-kabeer-by.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Mustafa got his early education under the tutelage of his father [[Amjad Ali Aazmi]], later he went to study under the scholar Ghulaam Aasi. He enrolled at [[Al Jamiatul Ashrafia|Jamia Ashrafia Mubarakpur]] under Shah Abdul Azeez Muradabadi. He studied various Islamic sciences and graduated at the age of 19 from Jamia Ashrafia in {{AH|1377}}.<ref name="archive">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/the-chain-of-light-vol.-2/page/230/mode/2up|website=archive.org|title=The Chain Of Light ( Vol. 2) : Publishers : Imam Mustafa Raza Research Centre Imam Mustafa Raza Research Centre P.O. Box 70140, Overport, 4067 Durban, South Africa : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive|date=August 2008 |access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="jamiaamjadia2">{{cite web|url=http://www.jamiaamjadia.net/allama.php|title=Introduction - Allama Ziaul Mustafa Qadri|website=jamiaamjadia.net|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603070116/http://jamiaamjadia.net/allama.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> His teacher Shah Abdul Aziz Muradabadi said, "Whatever I have attained from Huzoor Sadrush Shariah, I have given all of it to Zia ul Mustafa."<ref name="ziaulmustafa.com"/>

==Life and services==
He was appointed as faculty at Jamia Ashrafia Mubarakpur, Azamgarh, India at the age of 22. He is president of Sharai Council of India and heads annual Fiqahi seminars at Bareilly. He is founder of two [[Madrasa]]s [[Jamia Amjadia Rizvia|Taibatul Ulma Jamia Amjadia Rizvia]] and Kulyatul Banatul Amjadia (for Girls). The institute for girls education was established at the request of his mother Hazra in 1981.<ref name="jamiaamjadia2"/><ref name="jagran">{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-allama-arshadul-qadri-urs-15048921.html|website=jagran.com|title=allama arshadul qadri urs|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=16 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616071933/https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-allama-arshadul-qadri-urs-15048921.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mustafa was appointed as a Deputy grand Mufti of India, in the 16th Annual Fiqahi Seminar in March 2019 held at Bareilly. He has taught several thousand students who have themselves become scholars and are associated with both the [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] and [[Sufism|Sufi]] movements.<ref name="themuslim500"/><ref name="ziaulmustafa.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.ziaulmustafa.com/media/the%20sword%20of%20raza.pdf|access-date=2023-08-22|title=THE SWORD OF RAZA SHAYKH ZIA UL MUSTAFA 'MUHADITH-E-KABEER'|archive-date=23 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923111054/http://www.ziaulmustafa.com/media/the%20sword%20of%20raza.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nafseislam.com/en/Literature/English/Books/KhutbaateMuhaditheKabeer/KhutbaateMuhaditheKabeer.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 July 2021 |archive-date=16 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616105350/http://www.nafseislam.com/en/Literature/English/Books/KhutbaateMuhaditheKabeer/KhutbaateMuhaditheKabeer.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He was considered ‘Mumtaz ul Fuqaha’ at Ashrafia. His famous title is Muhadith E Kabeer.{{Explain|date=February 2023}}<ref name="ziaulmustafa.com"/>

===Books and treaties===
He is presently writing a Sharh (commentary) of the famous hadith collection [[Jamiʽ al-Tirmidhi|Sunan at-Tirmidhi]].<ref name="ziaulmustafa.com"/>

=== Fatawa writing===
He has written several thousands of [[Fatwa|Fatawas]] on various topics since his working under [[Mustafa Raza Khan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ziaulmustafa.com/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=24 October 2025 |archive-date=9 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251009110148/http://www.ziaulmustafa.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was appointed as successor (khalifa) of Mufti Azam-e-Hind Mustafa Rida Khan also.<ref name="thesunniway">{{cite web|url=https://www.thesunniway.com/articles/item/320-huzur-muhaddith-e-kabeer|website=thesunniway.com|title=Huzur Muhaddith-e-Kabeer|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603070053/https://www.thesunniway.com/articles/item/320-huzur-muhaddith-e-kabeer|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Debater or Munazir===
According to his official website, he specialized in debate and Ahle Sunnah beliefs and faith and has won famous Debates of Badayun, Banaras and Katihar against Deobandi and Wahhabi scholars.<ref name="ziaulmustafa.com"/> He regularly heads Islamic seminars and conferences all over India and in other parts of the world.<ref name="jamiaturraza">{{cite web|url=https://jamiaturraza.com/urs1435h-recordings|website=jamiaturraza.com|title=Imam Ahmad Raza Conference|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=16 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616071936/https://jamiaturraza.com/urs1435h-recordings|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="milligazette">{{cite web|url=http://www.milligazette.com/news/2836-peace-conference-in-murshidabad|website=milligazette.com|title=Peace conference in Murshidabad|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=16 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616071934/http://www.milligazette.com/news/2836-peace-conference-in-murshidabad|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="fmqnews">{{cite web|url=https://fmqnews.page/article/huzoor-shere-nepaal-ke-visaal-par-tanzeem-barelavee-ulama-e-ahale-sunnat-ne-taajiyat-pesh-kee/pWRPRY.html|title=हुज़ूर शेरे नेपाल के विसाल पर तन्ज़ीम बरेलवी उलमा-ए-अहले सुन्नत ने ताजियत पेश की - Firashatul Momin Kadim |website=fmqnews.page|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=16 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616071933/https://fmqnews.page/article/huzoor-shere-nepaal-ke-visaal-par-tanzeem-barelavee-ulama-e-ahale-sunnat-ne-taajiyat-pesh-kee/pWRPRY.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="sabrangindia">{{cite web|url=https://sabrangindia.in/article/sectarian-slugfest-shia-sunni-barelvi-deoband-its-now-barelvi-ulema-vs-ajmer-dargahs-sufis|title=Sectarian slugfest: From Shia-Sunni, Barelvi-Deoband, its now Barelvi ulema vs Ajmer Dargah's Sufis|website=SabrangIndia|date=12 November 2018|access-date=16 June 2020|archive-date=16 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616071937/https://sabrangindia.in/article/sectarian-slugfest-shia-sunni-barelvi-deoband-its-now-barelvi-ulema-vs-ajmer-dargahs-sufis|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.ziaulmustafa.com/ Official website of Allama Ziaul Mustafa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716145009/http://www.ziaulmustafa.com/ |date=16 July 2021 }}

{{s-start}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Mufti Amjad Ali Aazmi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Figurehead of the family of [[Mufti Amjad Ali Aazmi]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Incumbent]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Razvi Qadri, Ziaul Mustafa}}
[[Category:20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Indian Sufi religious leaders]]
[[Category:Sunni Sufis]]
[[Category:Barelvis]]
[[Category:Islam in India]]
[[Category:Qadiri order]]
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Khalid Shameem Wynne

2026-03-19T06:57:56Z

Qtree2009: enhance details after review and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Pakistani military officer (1953–2017)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[General (Pakistan)|General]]
| honorific_suffix = [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]], [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(M)]]
| name = Khalid Shameem Wynne
| native_name = {{Nobold|{{lang|ur|{{nq|خالد شمیم وائیں}}}}}}
| native_name_lang = 
| image = Khalid Wynne (close-up).jpg
| image_size = 190px
| alt =
| caption =
| order = 14th
| office = Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
| term_start = 8 October 2010
| term_end = 8 October 2013
| president =
| primeminister =
| deputy =
| predecessor = [[General (Pakistan)|General]] [[Tariq Majid]]
| successor = [[General (Pakistan)|General]] [[Ashfaq Parvez Kayani]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1596862/ex-cjsc-gen-retd-khalid-shameem-wynne-passes-away-road-accident | title=Ex-CJCSC Gen (Retd) Khalid Shameem Wynne dies in road accident | date=30 December 2017 }}</ref>
| birth_name = Khalid Shameem Wynne
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1953|08|28}}
| birth_place = [[Abbottabad]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|North-West Frontier Province]], [[Dominion of Pakistan]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2017|12|30|1953|08|28}}
| death_place = [[Chakri Vakilan|Chakri]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan
| death_cause = [[Blowout (tire)|Tyre Burst]] [[Motor-vehicle collision]]
| resting_place =
| party =
| otherparty = 
| spouse =
| relations =
| children =
| mother =
| father = [[Lieutenant Colonel]] Arshad Shamim Wynne<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1379770 | title=Former CJCSC, Gen Khalid Shamim Wynne passes away in road accident | date=30 December 2017 }}</ref>
| relatives =
| residence =
| education = *[[Cadet College Hasan Abdal]]
*[[Bundeswehr Command and Staff College|Bundeswehr Command & Staff College]]
*[[Pakistan Command and Staff College|Quetta Command & Staff College]]
*[[National Defence University, Islamabad|National Defence College]]
*[[Quaid-i-Azam University]]
| website =
| nickname = ''Wynne''
| allegiance = {{flag|Pakistan}}
| branch = {{army|Pakistan}}
| serviceyears = 1971–2013
| rank = [[File:OF-9 Pakistan Army.svg|20px]] [[File:US-O10 insignia.svg|45px]] [[General (Pakistan)|General]]
| unit = [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|20th Punjab Regiment]]
| commands = [[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff]] Commander [[XII Corps (Pakistan)|XII Corps]] [[School of Infantry and Tactics (Pakistan)|Commadant School of Infantry & Tactics]], [[Quetta]] Deputy, [[Chief of the General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff]] (D-CGS) GOC 41 Infantry Division
| battles = {{ubl|[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]|[[Siachen conflict]]|[[Balochistan insurgency]]|[[War in North-West Pakistan]]|}}
| mawards = [[File:Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|30px]] [[Nishan-i-Imtiaz|Nishan-e-Imtiaz (MI)]] [[File:Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|30px]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|Hilal-e-Imtiaz (MI)]]
}}

'''Khalid Shameem Wynne''' {{small|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]], [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(M)]]}}({{langx|ur|{{nq|خالد شمیم وائیں}}}}; 28 August 1953 – 30 December 2017), was a Pakistani [[four star general|four-star]] [[General (Pakistan)|general]] who served as the 14th [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman]] of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Pakistan|Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] appointed in 2010 until retiring on 8 October 2013.<ref name="ISPR">{{cite web|title=Welcome to ISPR|url=https://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp?o=t-press_release&id=1532|website=www.ispr.gov.pk|publisher=ISPR|access-date=19 February 2018}}{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=dnaseer/><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/614717/farewell-joint-chiefs-of-staff-committee-head-set-to-retire/ |title=Farewell: As CJCSC hangs up his uniform, speculation rife about successor - The Express Tribune |date=7 October 2013 |work=The Express Tribune |access-date=2 January 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Early life and education==

Wynne came from an ethnic Kashmiri family with an army background and hailed from the soldier-producing area of [[Sialkot]]. His father, Lieutenant Colonel Arshad Shameem Wynne served in the Pakistan Army until 1972.<ref name="Dawn"/> His unit was also the 20th battalion of the [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Punjab Regiment]].<ref name=dnaseer/>

Khalids father, Arshad was a close aide to [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.instagram.com/p/_oLN9COlML/?hl=en | title=Citizens Archive of Pakistan on Instagram: "Lieutenant Colonel Arshad Shameem Wynne | Oral History Project, 1800 stories collected since 2007 You can sponsor an interview for just PKR 2000! "My #job was to look after his [Jinnah's] needs. So I was like his #errand #boy, delivering #chits and pieces of paper between him and other #leaders at the time. Of course, I was only fifteen years old. We were situated in #tents near the place where they were going to have the #session of the #Muslim #League. The Quaid was given two men but he #chose one out of them; and that one person was myself. He chose me. He would give me the chits and #messages to give to others he wanted to get in touch with; like Sikandar Hayat Khan. And I would run along and deliver his messages. So this, I think, is a #feather in my #cap. I am very #proud of this - that I was with the Quaid-e-Azam."" }}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=May 2025}}

Khalid obtained his earlier education from various cantonment schools all over Pakistan and joined [[Cadet College Hasan Abdal]] as special entry in 1969 after matriculation.<ref name="abdalians">{{Cite web |url=http://abdalians.com/component/content/article/40-achievements/527-lt-gen-khalid-shameem-wynne-posted-as-corps-commander-quetta.html |title=Lt. Gen. Khalid Shameem Wynne posted as Corps Commander Quetta |last=Administrator |website=abdalians.com |language=en-gb |access-date=2 January 2018}}</ref>

==Military career==

In 1971, Wynne joined the Army after his intermediate examination.<ref name=dnaseer/> He passed out in April 1972 in the 1st Special War Course to join his father's battalion, [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|20 Punjab Regiment]].<ref name="Dawn"/> He graduated from [[Pakistan Command and Staff College|Command and Staff College]], Quetta; [[Bundeswehr Command and Staff College]], [[Hamburg]], [[Germany]]; and the [[National Defence University, Islamabad|National Defence University]], Islamabad. He held a master's degree in War Studies from [[Quaid-i-Azam University]].<ref name=abdalians/>

===Command appointments===
Wynne had held various command, staff and instructional appointments during his 42-year military career. He had been a [[brigade major]] of two infantry brigades.<ref name=abdalians/> He had commanded his own 20th Battalion of the Punjab Regiment, two infantry brigades, including the 323 Infantry Brigade in [[Siachen]] (also known as ''Siachen Brigade''), the 41st Infantry Division in Quetta and the Southern Command in Quetta.<ref name="Dawn"/>

[[File:130916-D-NI589-502 (9775289115).jpg|thumb|left|[[Ash Carter]] ''(center)'' with Wynne ''(right)'', 16 September 2013]]

===Staff and instructional appointments===

On the academic part, he had held various instructional designations and remained on the faculty of School of Infantry and Tactics, Quetta; [[Pakistan Command and Staff College|Command and Staff College]], Quetta and [[Pakistan Military Academy]], Kakul.<ref name="Dawn"/>

Wynne also remained Chief of Staff in a Corps Headquarters and Commandant of the School of Infantry and Tactics in Quetta.<ref name="Dawn"/> He had also served in General Staff directorate, staying as Deputy Chief of General Staff (DCGS) from 2006 to 2007<ref name="Dawn"/> and then as [[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff]] from April 2010 to October 2010.<ref name=dnaseer/>

==Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee==

Prior to his promotion, the official statement noted that "General Wynne was appointed as Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee by President [[Asif Ali Zardari]], on the advice of Prime Minister [[Yousuf Raza Gilani]]."<ref name="The News">Shakil Shaikh. [http://www.thenews.com.pk/29-09-2010/Top-Story/936.htm "Gen Wyne new CJCSC"] ''The News'', 29 September 2010</ref>

Before this appointment, Wynne was serving as the [[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff (CGS)]] at the [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]] since April 2010.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/wyne-made-chief-of-general-staff-840 "Wyne made chief of general staff"] ''Dawn'', 18 April 2010</ref> He also served as field operational Commander of the [[XII Corps (Pakistan)|XII Corps]] in Quetta from 2007 to 2010, overseeing the [[Balochistan conflict|Baloch insurgency]] and the fallout of the [[War in North-West Pakistan|war in the Tribal Areas]].<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2007/04/15/top9.htm "Commanders to discuss security tomorrow"] ''Dawn'', 15 April 2007</ref>

At the onset of the initial retirement dates of Generals [[Ashfaq Parvez Kayani]] and [[Tariq Majid]] at the end of 2010, Wynne would have been the [[List of serving generals of the Pakistan Army|senior-most general]] in the [[Pakistan Army]] and thus a candidate for a four-star post.<ref>Ahmad Noorani. [http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=27423 "Newly-promoted general to head seniority list"] ''The News'', 22 February 2010</ref><ref>Hamid Hussain. [http://www.brecorder.com/index.php?id=1022363&currPageNo=1&query=&search=&term=&supDate= "Selection of next army chief: Wynne, Yousaf top contenders while Taj a dark horse"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100220180501/http://www.brecorder.com/index.php?id=1022363&currPageNo=1&query=&search=&term=&supDate= |date=20 February 2010 }} ''Business Recorder'', 19 February 2010</ref>

In September 2010, it was announced that Lieutenant General Wynne would be promoted as four-star general and would replace General [[Tariq Majid]] as the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee on 8 October 2010.<ref name="Dawn">{{cite news|title=General Wyne new JCSC chairman|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/854131/general-wyne-new-jcsc-chairman|access-date=2 January 2018|work=Dawn|date=29 September 2010}}</ref><ref name="The News"/> He retired on 8 October 2013, after 42 years in active services.<ref>{{cite news|title=CJCSC Gen Khalid Shameem Wynne retires|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/89692-cjcsc-gen-khalid-shameem-wynne-retires|access-date=2 January 2018|work=Geo News|agency=AFP|date=8 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="BR: Retirement">{{cite news|title=Armed Forces bids farewell to Gen. Khalid Shameem Wynne|url=http://www.brecorder.com/top-news/108-pakistan-top-news/139258-armed-forces-bids-farewell-to-gen-khalid-shameem-wynne.html|access-date=7 October 2013|newspaper=Business Recorder|date=7 October 2013}}</ref>

==Death==

Khalid Shameem Wynne died while travelling to Lahore on 30 December 2017, when a tire on the [[SUV]] they were travelling in burst near Chakri Interchange on the [[M2 motorway (Pakistan)|Rawalpindi–Lahore motorway]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/retired-top-pakistani-general-dies-in-car-accident/2017/12/30/2bf1f622-ed57-11e7-956e-baea358f9725_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072716/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/retired-top-pakistani-general-dies-in-car-accident/2017/12/30/2bf1f622-ed57-11e7-956e-baea358f9725_story.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2018 |title=Retired top Pakistani general dies in car accident |agency=Associated Press |date=30 December 2017 |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=2 January 2018 |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> The injured were taken to [[Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi|Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi]].<ref name="Express">{{cite news|title=Ex-CJCSC Gen (retd) Khalid Shameem Wynne dies in road accident|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1596862/1-ex-cjsc-gen-retd-khalid-shameem-wynne-passes-away-road-accident/|access-date=2 January 2018|work=Express Tribune|date=30 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="dnaseer">{{Cite web |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1379770 |title=Former CJCSC, Gen Khalid Shamim Wynne passes away in road accident |last=Naseer, Tahir |date=30 December 2017 |publisher=DAWN |access-date=30 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Car crash claims life of former CJCSC General (retd) Khalid Shameem Wynne|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/174531-former-cjcs|publisher=Geo News|access-date=30 December 2017}}</ref> Pakistani Prime Minister [[Shahid Khaqan Abbasi]] and Chief Minister Punjab [[Shehbaz Sharif]] expressed their grief over Wynne's death.<ref name="Express"/>

Wynne was laid to rest in Lahore on 1 January 2018. His [[Salat al-Janazah|funeral prayer]] was attended by COAS Gen [[Qamar Javed Bajwa]], former president [[Asif Ali Zardari]] and former army chief Gen [[Raheel Sharif]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Gen Khalid Shameem Wynne laid to rest|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/263264-gen-khalid-shameem-wynne-laid-to-rest|access-date=2 January 2018|work=The News International|date=2 January 2018}}</ref>

== Awards and decorations ==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|
| colspan="2" |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}}
|
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Diffa.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Baqa (1998).png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Istaqlal (2002).png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=10 years Service Medal.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=20 years Service Medal.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=30 years Service Medal.png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=35 years Service Medal.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=40 years Service Medal.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hijri Tamgha.png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Jamhuriat Tamgha 1988.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Qarardad-e-Pakistan Tamgha Pakistan.svg|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Independence Day Golden Jubilee Medal, 2006.svg|width=130}}
|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=Command and Staff College Quetta Centenary Medal.svg|width=130}}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|
| colspan="2" |'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]'''
'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|(Military)]]'''

(''Order of Excellence'')
|
|-
|'''[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|Hilal-e-Imtiaz]]'''
'''[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|(Military)]]'''

(''Crescent of Excellence'')
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|Tamgha-e-Diffa]]'''
(''General Service Medal'')

'''Siachen Glacier Clasp'''
|'''[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War]]'''
(''War Medal 1971'')
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Tamgha-e-Baqa]]'''
(''[[Chagai-I|Nuclear Test Medal]]'')

'''1998'''
|-
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|Tamgha-e-Istaqlal Pakistan]]'''
(''[[2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff|Escalation with India Medal]]'')

'''2002'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Long service medals|10 Years Service Medal]]'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Long service medals|20 Years Service Medal]]'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Long service medals|30 Years Service Medal]]'''
|-
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Long service medals|35 Years Service Medal]]'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Long service medals|40 Years Service Medal]]'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-]]'''
'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam]]'''

(''100th Birth Anniversary of''

''[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]'')

'''1976'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Hijri Tamgha]]'''
(''Hijri Medal'')

'''1979'''
|-
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Jamhuriat Tamgha]]'''
(''Democracy Medal'')

'''1988'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Qarardad-e-Pakistan Tamgha]]'''
(''Resolution Day''

''Golden Jubilee Medal'')

'''1990'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Tamgha-e-Salgirah Pakistan]]'''
(''Independence Day''

''Golden Jubilee Medal'')

'''1997'''
|'''[[Pakistan Command and Staff College|Command and Staff College]]''' '''[[Pakistan Command and Staff College|Quetta]]'''
'''Centenary Instructor's Medal'''

'''(2007)'''
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Khalid Wynne}}
*[http://abdalians.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=334&Itemid=27 Wynne's Profile at Abdalians Home Page]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://www.thenews.com.pk/editorial_detail.asp?id=244039 The Shangri-la dialogue (Ikram Sehgal)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110722145242/http://www.csl.army.mil/usacsl/publications/IP6_08_LandForcesSymposium.pdf Wynne at 2008 Land Forces Symposium]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120304051119/http://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp?o=t-press_release&date=2008%2F10%2F31 Wynne Visit to Earthquake-affected Areas in Balochistan]

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=Mustafa Khan}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff]]|years=2010}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Waheed Arshad]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Tariq Majid]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]]|years=2010 – 2013}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ashfaq Pervez Kayani]] (Acting)}}
{{end}}

{{CJCSC Pakistan |state=expanded}}
{{Pakistan Army template}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wynne, Khalid Shameem}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:Chairmen Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]]
[[Category:Chiefs of the General Staff (Pakistan)]]
[[Category:Cadet College Hasan Abdal alumni]]
[[Category:National Defence University (Pakistan) alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the National Defence University (Pakistan)]]
[[Category:Punjab Regiment officers]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Quaid-i-Azam University]]
[[Category:Road incident deaths in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani military personnel of the India–Pakistan war of 1971]]
[[Category:Bundeswehr Command and Staff College alumni]]
[[Category:People from Abbottabad District]]

Hari Parbat

2026-03-14T13:38:24Z

Qtree2009: brief fixed content based on references further and added references

{{Short description|Prominent hill in Srinagar, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Hari Parbat
| photo = N-JK-53 Hari Parvat Kashmir.jpg
| photo_caption = View of Hari Parbat
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ref =
| prominence_m =
| prominence_ref =
| listing =
| location = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|J&K]], India
| range = [[Zabarwan]]
| map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| map_caption = Location of Hari Parbat on [[Srinagar]], India
| map_size = 250
| label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|34|6|19|N|74|48|58|E|type:mountain_scale:100000_region:IN|display=title}}
| coordinates_ref =
| first_ascent =
| easiest_route =
| other_name = Koh-i-Maran
}}

'''Hari Parbat''' ({{IPA|ks|haːri parbatʰ}}), also called '''Koh-i-Maran'''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Asher|first=Catherine .B|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ctLNvx68hIC|title=Architecture of Mughal India|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1992|volume=4|pages=124|isbn=9780521267281|quote="In Kashmir's capital city, Srinagar, Akbar had constructed a massive fort on a high hill known as the Koh-i Maran or Hari Parbat overlooking Dal lake."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/Wkmv_kashir-encyclopedia-vol-1-jk-culture-academy/mode/1up|title=Kashir Encyclopedia|publisher=Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Arts Culture and Languages|year=1986|volume=1|pages=403|language=ks}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Fernandez|first=E.E|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sgFEAAAAIAAJ|title=The Indian Forester|publisher=Thomas Civil Engineering Press|year=1889|volume=15|location=Roorkee|pages=366|quote="The beautiful expanse of water is situated at the foot of the hill called the Hari Parbat or Koh-i-maran."}}</ref> ({{IPA|ks|koːhi maːraːn}}), is a hill overlooking [[Srinagar]], the largest city and the capital of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India. It is the site of the [[Hari Parbat Fort|Hari Parbat fort]], built by the [[Durrani Empire]], and of a [[Hindu temple]], [[mosque]]s, and [[gurdwara]].
== Hari Parbat Fort ==
{{Main|Hari Parbat Fort}}
The first fortifications on the site were constructed by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Mughal emperors|emperor]] [[Akbar]] in 1590 who built an outer wall for the fort as part of his plans for a new capital at the site of modern-day [[Srinagar]] city in [[Kashmir]]. The project, however, was never completed. The present fort was built in 1808 under the reign of the Governor of [[Kashmir Valley|Kashmir Province]] of the [[Durrani Empire]], Atta Mohammed Khan.

The fort can be reached via two sides of the city, (a) via Rainawari through [[Kathi Darwaza]] Gate and (b) via Hawal through the Sangin Darwaza Gate. The fort was closed for almost 2 decades and thrown open to the public in 2007.

The Indian government on 15 August 2021 (the 75th independence day) hoisted a 100-foot-tall [[Indian flag]] on the top of the fort.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India at 75: 100-feet tall national flag hoisted at Hari Parbat Fort in Srinagar - Hari Parbat |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/india-at-75-100-feet-tall-national-flag-hoisted-at-hari-parbat-fort-in-srinagar/hari-parbat/slideshow/85364234.cms}}</ref>

== Shrines ==

=== Hindu temple ===
Hari Parbat is considered sacred by [[Kashmiri Pandit]]s.<ref>[http://www.srinagaronline.co.in/attraction.php?pname=attraction Origin] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222202835/http://www.srinagaronline.co.in/attraction.php?pname=attraction|date=22 February 2012}}</ref> According to Hindu Mythology, the area of Hari Parbat was inhabited by an [[asura]] named Jalodbhava. People went on to pray to goddess [[Parvati]] for help. She took the form of a bird and dropped a pebble on the asura's head. The pebble grew larger and larger until it crushed the asura. Hari Parbat is revered as that pebble, and Parvati is worshipped under the name Sharika, its temple occupying the middle part of the western slope of the hill. She is depicted as having 18 arms and sitting in [[Shri Chakra]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/nilamatapurana|title=Nilamata Purana|date=2014-02-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kashmiri Pandit Network (KPN): Home|url=http://www.ikashmir.net/index.html|access-date=2021-09-23|website=www.ikashmir.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Excelsior|first=Daily|date=2014-06-14|title=Hariparbat-The abode of Goddess Sharika|url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/hariparbat-abode-goddes-sharika/|access-date=2021-09-23|website=Jammu Kashmir Latest News {{!}} Tourism {{!}} Breaking News J&K|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Muslim shrines ===
The southern side of Hari Parbat features Makhdoom Sahib, the shrine of [[Hamza Makhdoom]], a 16th-century Kashmiri [[Sufi]] saint locally.<ref>[http://www.india9.com/i9show/Makhdoom-Sahib-Shrine-58219.htm Hamza Makhdum]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jktourism.org/kashmir/Kashmir___Shrines%20%26%20monuments.htm |title=Makhdoom Sahib Shrine |access-date=28 March 2022 |archive-date=15 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615151530/http://www.jktourism.org/kashmir/Kashmir___Shrines%20%26%20monuments.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Built below the fort is a mosque dedicated to [[Shah Badakhshi]], a 17th-century [[Qadiri]] [[Sufi]] saint. The mosque was built by Mughal princess [[Jahanara Begum]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Asher|first=Catherine B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521267281|title=Architecture of Mughal India|date=1992-09-24|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26728-1|pages=215|doi=10.1017/chol9780521267281}}</ref>

=== Gurdwaras ===
[[File:Gurdwara_Chatti_Patshahi_Srinagar.jpg|thumb|Gurdwara as seen from Hari Parbat]]
Gurdwara Chatti Patshahi at [[Kathi Darwaza]], [[Rainawari]], is believed to be the place where [[Guru Har Gobind]], the sixth [[Sikh guru]], stayed for few days while travelling through Kashmir.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/gurudwaras-in-india/gurudwara-patshahi-chevin-village-rainawari |title=Gurudwara Patshahi Chevin, Village Rainawari |publisher=AllAboutSikhs.com |access-date=15 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704224101/http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/gurudwaras-in-india/gurudwara-patshahi-chevin-village-rainawari |archive-date=4 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eos.learnpunjabi.org/SRINAGAR%20(34%C2%BA-5%27N,74%C2%BA-50%27E).HTML|title=SRĪNAGAR (34º-5'N,74º-50'E)|website=eos.learnpunjabi.org|access-date=2020-03-16}}</ref>

Gurdwara Guru Nanak Dev is a place where [[Guru Nanak]] sat and had discourse with people in early sixteenth century. It was earmarked with a pedestal by Mohammad Ata Khan, a general of Akbar who built the Durrani Fort. A small Gurdwara was later built at the place by Guru Har Gobind.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhphilosophy.net/threads/gurdwara-guru-nanak-dev-ji-hari-parbat-sri-nagar.51248/|title=Gurdwara Guru Nanak Dev Ji, Hari Parbat, Sri Nagar |publisher=Sikh Philosophy Network|website=www.sikhphilosophy.net|date=25 August 2019 |access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery class="center" heights="130" mode="packed">
File:HariParbat.jpg|Hari Parbat from Dal Lake, Srinagar.
File:Hari Parbat, Srinagar, J&K.jpg|Hari Parbat as seen from downtown Srinagar, Kashmir.
File:Ancient Temple-Hari Parbat.JPG|Sharika Temple
File:Ancient Temple-Hari Parbat-2.JPG|Sharika Temple
File:Wooden windows of Hari Parbat Temple.JPG|Wooden windows of Hari Parbat Temple
File:Sheikh Hamza Makhdum Shrine2.JPG|Shrine of Hamza Makhdoom, Srinagar.
File:Gurdwara Chatti Patshahi.jpg|Gurdwara Chatti Patshahi, Rainawari
File:Hari Parvat.jpg|Hari Parvat
File:WLM@J&K-Kathi Darwaza.jpg|Kathi Darwaza
</gallery>

== See also ==
*[[Badamwari Park]], situated at the foothills of Hari Parbat

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Hari Parbat, Srinagar}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=riTNjiDffy4 A Video Presentation on Hari Parbat Temple]
{{Hindu Temples in Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Hills of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Srinagar]]

Tunku Ismail Idris

2026-03-10T12:32:13Z

Qtree2009: fixes

{{Short description|Heir apparent to the Johor throne (born 1984)}}
{{Hatnote group|{{Malay name|Ismail Idris|Ibrahim}}{{Hatnote|The word "ibni" means 'son of'.}}
}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Tunku Ismail {{lang|ms|{{Script|Arab|تونكو إسماعيل}}}}
| title = Pemangku Sultan of Johor Tunku Mahkota of Johor
| image = Tunku Ismail in 2024 (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Ismail in 2024
| succession = Regent of Johor
| moretext =
| reign = 28 January 2024 – present
| reign-type = Tenure
| coronation = 28 January 2024
| cor-type = Proclamation
| predecessor = [[Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor|Tunku Ibrahim Ismail]]
| pre-type =
| successor =
| suc-type =
| regent = [[Onn Hafiz Ghazi]]
| reg-type = [[Menteri Besar of Johor|Menteri Besar]]
| succession1 = Crown Prince of Johor
| predecessor1 = [[Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor|Tunku Ibrahim Ismail]]
| successor1 = [[Tunku Iskandar Abdul Jalil Abu Bakar Ibrahim|Tunku Iskandar]]
| suc-type1 = Raja Muda
| reign1 = 28 January 2010 – present
| reign-type1 = Tenure
| coronation1 = 28 January 2010
| cor-type1 = Proclamation
| birth_name = Tunku Ismail Idris Abdul Majid Abu Bakar Iskandar ibni Tunku Ibrahim Ismail
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|6|30|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Johor Bahru]], [[Johor]], [[Malaysia]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| burial_date =
| burial_place =
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Khaleeda Bustamam|Che' Puan Mahkota Khaleeda]]|October 24, 2014}}
| issue = {{indented plainlist|
* Tunku Khalsom Aminah Sofiah
* [[Tunku Iskandar Abdul Jalil Abu Bakar Ibrahim]]
* Tunku Abu Bakar Ibrahim
* Tunku Zahrah Zarith Aziyah
}}
| regnal name = Tunku Ismail ibni Sultan Ibrahim
| house = [[House of Temenggong|Temenggong]]
| father = [[Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor]]
| mother = [[Raja Zarith Sofiah]]
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| occupation =
| signature_type =
| signature =
| module = {{Infobox military person
| embed = yes
| name = Tunku Ismail bin Sultan Ibrahim
| other_name =
| nickname = TMJ

| allegiance = {{Flagicon image|BenderaSultanJohor.svg}} [[Sultan of Johor]]
| branch = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Armed Forces of Johor.svg}} [[Royal Johor Military Force]] {{Army|India}}
| serviceyears = 2003–present (active service)
| rank = [[File:JMF-OF-7.svg|30px]] [[Major General]] (JMF) [[File:Captain of the Indian Army.svg|30px]] [[Captain (land and air)|Captain]] (Indian Army)
| servicenumber = 
| unit = [[61st Cavalry (India)|61 Cavalry]], [[Jaipur]] [[Royal Johor Military Force|Johor Military Forces]]
| commands =
| battles =
| awards = Best in riding (2003–2004)
| relations =
| laterwork =
| module =
}}
}}
{{House of Temenggong}}
'''Tunku Ismail ibni Sultan Ibrahim''' ({{langx|ms-Arab|تونكو إسماعيل ابن سلطان إبراهيم|label=[[Jawi script|Jawi]]}}; [[Birth name#Maiden and married names|né]] '''Tunku Ismail Idris Abdul Majid Abu Bakar Iskandar ibni Tunku Ibrahim Ismail''', born 30 June 1984), is the [[heir apparent]] to the [[Sultan of Johor|Johor throne]]. He is the eldest son of Sultan [[Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor|Ibrahim Iskandar]] and [[Raja Zarith Sofiah]].<ref name="bernama_rajamuda" />

Ismail is the [[Regent]] (Pemangku Sultan) and [[Crown Prince]] (Tunku Mahkota) of [[Johor]]. He became the [[Regent]] of Johor upon the accession of his father to the throne as the 17th [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] of [[Malaysia]] on 31 January 2024. He was officially proclaimed the Regent of Johor on 28 January 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/01/27/tunku-ismail-to-be-appointed-regent-of-johor-on-jan-28|title=Tunku Ismail to be appointed Johor Regent on Jan 28|website=The Star|date=27 January 2024|accessdate=27 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2024/01/1006682/tunku-ismail-appointed-regent-johor|title=Tunku Ismail appointed Regent of Johor|website=New Straits Times|date=28 January 2024|accessdate=2 February 2024}}</ref>

==Early life and education==

Tunku Ismail completed his early education at Sekolah Sri Utama and Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan St. Joseph in [[Johor Bahru]]. He subsequently received lower secondary education at the [[Australian International School Singapore|Australian International School]] in [[Singapore]] and continued with his higher secondary studies at [[Hale School]] in [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]], [[Western Australia]], until 2002.<ref name="bernama_rajamuda"/><ref name="star_rajamuda"/> Tunku Ismail is the eldest among six siblings. Like his father, Tunku Ismail has no tertiary (academic) qualification.

Following a family tradition of getting trained in armed forces,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080531174622/http://www.rtb.gov.bn/rtbnews/2008/Mei/080508/story.html His Majesty visits Iskandar Military Camp in Mersing, Johor], RTB News, 8 May 2008</ref> with his late grandfather in the [[Malaysian Army]] and father in the [[US Army]], Tunku Ismail aspired for a career in the [[Indian Armed Forces]].<ref name="india_defence">[http://www.india-defence.com/reports/2832 Malaysian Prince to Lead Indian Army Unit in Republic Day parade], [http://india-defence.com India Defence], 23 January 2007.</ref> In July 2003, he enrolled as a cadet officer in the [[Indian Military Academy]] (IMA), India's premier military training school located at [[Dehradun]].<ref name="bernama_rajamuda" /> He was commissioned as a [[lieutenant]] in December 2004 and absorbed into the [[Indian Army]]. He was promoted to the rank of [[Captain (land and air)|captain]] in December 2007.<ref name="bernama_republic_day">[http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v3/news.php?id=243528 Malaysia's Pride On Show At India's Republic Day Parade], [http://www.bernama.com BERNAMA], 26 January 2007.</ref> His father and grandfather also had trained at IMA.<ref name="bernama_rajamuda2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930192158/http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v3/news_lite.php?id=190803 Johor Ruler's Grandson Appointed Raja Muda]. [[Bernama]]. 8 April 2006.</ref>

== Prince of Johor ==
Tunku Ismail was appointed Raja Muda (literally means "Younger King",<ref name="bernama_rajamuda">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930192158/http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v3/news_lite.php?id=190803 Johor Ruler's Grandson Appointed Raja Muda]. bernama.com. 8 April 2006.</ref> but taken to mean as second heir apparent or son of the Crown Prince) on 8 April 2006 by his grandfather, the late [[Sultan of Johor]], and placing him second in line to the throne (Now first in line after the passing of Sultan Iskandar).<ref name="bernama_rajamuda"/><ref name="star_rajamuda">[http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/4/9/nation/13915164&sec=nation Tunku Mahkota's son named Raja Muda of Johor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060410172958/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F4%2F9%2Fnation%2F13915164&sec=nation |date=10 April 2006 }}, [http://thestar.com.my The star online], Star Publications, 9 April 2006.</ref> Tunku Ismail was appointed as the Tunku Mahkota of Johor on 28 January 2010.<ref>[http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/1/28/nation/20100128184118&sec=nation Tunku Ismail proclaimed Tunku Mahkota of Johor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604024959/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F1%2F28%2Fnation%2F20100128184118&sec=nation |date=4 June 2011 }}, Star Publications, 28 January 2010.</ref>

The Malaysian prince is the first foreigner to lead a unit of the Indian Army in the Indian [[Republic Day Parade]].<ref name="india_defence"/><ref name="Hindu">[https://web.archive.org/web/20071001003746/http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/27/stories/2007012719781400.htm Malaysian prince at home in India], [http://www.hindu.com The Hindu], 27 January 2007</ref><ref name="star_republic">[http://thestaronline.com/news/story.asp?file=/2007/1/25/nation/16669479&sec=nation Malaysian prince at Republic Day parade] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204214240/http://thestaronline.com/news/story.asp?file=/2007/1/25/nation/16669479&sec=nation |date=4 February 2012 }}, [http://thestaronline.com The star online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029082410/http://www.thestaronline.com/ |date=29 October 2017 }}, Star Publications, 25 January 2007</ref> On 26 January 2007, with a rank of captain in Indian Army, he led a mounted column of [[Jaipur]]-based 61 Cavalry regiment to salute [[president of India]] [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] during the [[Republic Day of India|Republic Day]] celebrations.<ref name="Hindu"/> The [[President of India|president]] himself chose Tunku Ismail to lead the unit of around 400 men of the world's only non-ceremonial horse-mounted [[cavalry]].<ref name="bernama_republic_day"/> The parade was witnessed by chief guest of the day [[president of Russia]] [[Vladimir Putin]] and his entourage, along with other dignitaries of Indian politics and military amidst tight security.<ref name="bernama_republic_day"/><ref name="bernama_republic">[http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v3/news.php?id=243045 M'sian Prince To Lead Cavalry Unit At India's Republic Day], [http://www.bernama.com BERNAMA], 24 January 2007.</ref> Tunku Ismail's father [[Tunku Ibrahim Ismail]] flew in from [[Johor Bahru]] on 23 January 2007 to be present at the celebrations while his son added a chapter to the history of the Indian Army.<ref name="bernama_republic"/>

He is noted for his religious moderation and veiled criticism of more conservative Muslims who denounced him for shaking hands with women in 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=Malaysian democrats pin their hopes on the country's royals|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21715699-they-make-unlikely-saviours-malaysian-democrats-pin-their-hopes-countrys-royals|access-date=29 January 2017|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=28 January 2017}}</ref>

On 2 December 2022, Tunku Ismail was installed as the Chancellor of [[Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia]] (UTHM) at the first session of the university’s 22nd convocation at Dewan Sultan Ibrahim.<ref> Bernama. (3 December 2022). [https://www.thesundaily.my/local/tunku-mahkota-of-johor-is-new-chancellor-of-uthm-AD10315500]. The Sun Daily.</ref>

On 13 December 2023, Tunku Ismail was proclaimed as the Pro Chancellor of Kolej Universiti Islam Johor Sultan Ibrahim (KUIJSI) at the university's 21st convocation at the Johor Persada International Convention Centre.<ref>Bernama. (13 December 2022). [https://www.bernama.com/en/general/news.php?id=2253816]. Bernama.</ref>

== Other activities ==

===Sports===
A [[polo]] enthusiast, Tunku Ismail is a skilful horse rider. He was bestowed the ''Best in Riding'' award among [[Indian Military Academy|IMA]] cadets between 2003 and 2004. He is also a polo player for his regiment and has won many trophies.<ref name="bernama_rajamuda" /> In football, he is the owner of [[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Shadiqe |first=Jasmine |date=31 December 2012 |title=Glory cannot be achieved overnight |url=http://www.nst.com.my/streets/johor/glory-cannot-be-achieved-overnight-1.193518?localLinksEnabled=false |access-date=1 January 2013 |newspaper=New Straits Times}}</ref>

The prince is also a sports car enthusiast. All of his cars are registered under the same licence plate of "TMJ", an abbreviation from the title ''Tunku Mahkota Johor'' which is also his nickname as addressed informally by Malaysians within and outside Johor.

His Royal Highness the Tunku Mahkota (Crown Prince) of Johor, Tunku Ismail ibni Sultan Ibrahim has been appointed as the President of [[Johor Football Association]] (PBNJ). The EGM held in Johor Bahru saw the Crown Prince appointed as the new president replacing the former, Jais Sarday. Among his plans to help bring back Johorean football to its former glory, the Crown Prince merged the Johor teams (which previously were [[Johor FC]], [[MBJB F.C.|MBJB]] and [[MP Muar F.C.|MP Muar]]) into only one where all of the players wear the ''Jengking'' (Scorpion) Team Jersey. .{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}

Tunku Ismail's leadership on the club [[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C]] also oversaw its success as the first Southeast Asian club to lift the [[AFC Cup]] in [[2015 AFC Cup|2015]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.the-afc.com/afc-cup-2015/johor-darul-tazim-crowned-afc-cup-champions|title=JOHOR DARUL TA'ZIM CROWNED AFC CUP CHAMPIONS|date=31 October 2015|website=the-AFC.com|publisher=Asian Football Confederation.|access-date=9 September 2016}}</ref>

In 2014, the [[Football Association of Malaysia]] (FAM) appointed the Tunku Ismail Sultan Ibrahim as an advisor to the previous FAM president, his uncle, Sultan [[Abdullah of Pahang]]. Tunku Ismail assisted and worked hand in hand with FAM in improving the quality of football within the country, particularly with the national team as well as the junior teams.

As predicted, there were several concerns about the news, particularly with Tunku Ismail having lost the FAM presidency election to Tengku Abdullah earlier that year. Besides that, he had been extremely vocal with his criticisms on the nation's footballing body. However, the then Johor FA president was extremely optimistic about the new role, claiming that he will only be pushing for the betterment of football within the country.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sundaresan |first=Keeshaanan |date=4 October 2014 |title=TMJ appointed as FAM advisor |newspaper=FourthOfficial.com |url=http://www.fourthofficial.com/football/tmj-appointed-as-fam-advisor/ |access-date=3 October 2014}}</ref>

He was elected as President of FAM for a short term from 2017 to 2018.

==Controversies==

===Crowne Plaza incident===

In the early hours of 24 October 2008, a confrontation occurred between members of the [[Johor]] and [[Negeri Sembilan]] royal families at a nightclub in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. The incident began when a bottle was allegedly thrown by a member of the Johor royalty at Tunku Nadzimuddin Tunku Muzaffar, a 36-year-old prince from the Negeri Sembilan royal family, and his friends. The Johor group left shortly after, while Tunku Nadzimuddin's group continued their night out.<ref name=":0">[http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/articles/06fdags/Article/index_html RM50 million battle royale] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922205705/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/articles/06fdags/Article/index_html|date=22 September 2009}}, Fay Angela D'cruz, 2009/09/18, New Straits Times</ref>

Around 3 AM, Tunku Nadzimuddin received a call from someone claiming to be a member of the Johor royal family. The caller said that Tunku Ismail wanted to apologize for the earlier incident and invited Tunku Nadzimuddin to the Crowne Plaza hotel in Jalan Sultan Ismail. Out of respect, Tunku Nadzimuddin agreed and went to the hotel with his friends.<ref name=":0" />

Upon arrival at the hotel, Tunku Nadzimuddin and his friend, Sham Shuddhuha, a 40-year-old lawyer, were allegedly dragged into an elevator by bodyguards of the Johor royal family. The rest of their friends were stopped in the lobby. In the elevator, they encountered Tunku Ismail, who was reportedly armed with a gun. Tunku Ismail allegedly began assaulting Tunku Nadzimuddin with the gun while his bodyguards attacked Sham Shuddhuha.<ref name=":0" />

The two men were then taken to Room 2523, where they were allegedly confined. Tunku Nadzimuddin suffered a [[Nasal fracture|fractured nose]], while Sham Shuddhuha fell unconscious and lost two teeth. Taking advantage of a moment alone, Tunku Nadzimuddin sent a text message to his mother, Tunku Dara Naquiah Tuanku Jaafar, asking for help.<ref name=":0" />

Tunku Dara Naquiah contacted the police and rushed to the hotel with her brother and four police officers. After initially being stopped by bodyguards, they gained access to the room and took Tunku Nadzimuddin to [[Kuala Lumpur Hospital]] for treatment.<ref name=":0" />

On 24 October 2008, Tunku Nadzimuddin filed a police report about the incident.<ref name=":1">[https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2009/09/17/royal-brawl-negri-prince-disappointed-but-ag-promises-action-update/ Royal brawl: Negri prince disappointed, but A-G promises action (Update)], 17 September 2009, The Star (Malaysia), Archive:https://web.archive.org/web/20180618130045/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2009/09/17/royal-brawl-negri-prince-disappointed-but-ag-promises-action-update/</ref> The case attracted attention due to its involvement of royal family members and raised questions about [[Legal immunity|legal immunity for royalty]].<ref>[http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=19127 Malaysian princes come to blows], Leslie Lopez, South-east Asia Correspondent, 31 October 2008, [[The Straits Times]], Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20110610212845/http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=19127</ref> The police began an investigation, eventually recording statements from 41 witnesses.<ref name=":1" />

In the months following the incident, the Negeri Sembilan royal family expressed frustration with the perceived lack of progress in the investigation. By September 2009, nearly a year after the event, no charges had been filed against Tunku Ismail or his bodyguards. The Attorney-General, Tan Sri [[Abdul Gani Patail]], stated that the case was still under investigation and that he would make a decision soon, emphasising the need for care and caution in such sensitive matters.<ref name=":1" /> Up until today, there was no update to the case.

=== Assault of e-haling driver ===
On 28 May 2024, a deaf [[Grab Holdings|Grab]] driver named Ong Ing Keong was waiting to collect passengers outside the St Regis Hotel in Kuala Lumpur when he was allegedly assaulted by a member of Tunku Ismail's security team.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='Uncalled for': Johor regent slams efforts linking alleged attack by security officer on deaf driver to royals |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/johor-regent-tmj-bodyguard-st-regis-police-assault-grab-driver-4376921 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref> The incident occurred when Ong was asked to move his vehicle as the royal entourage was departing the hotel lobby. A dashcam video later revealed that a man, believed to be a police officer accompanying Tunku Ismail, shouted at Ong before punching him in the face when Ong lowered his window to communicate.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-14 |title=Dashcam clip of TMJ escort assaulting disabled Grab driver revealed |url=https://www.malaysianow.com/news/2024/08/14/dashcam-clip-of-tmj-escort-assaulting-disabled-grab-driver-revealed |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=MalaysiaNow |language=en}}</ref>

Following the incident, Ong sought treatment at Kuala Lumpur Hospital for soft tissue injuries and lodged a police report at the [[Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur|Brickfields]] police station around 13:00 on the same day. The case was initially classified under Section 323 of the Penal Code for causing injury.<ref name=":2" /> However, later that evening, around 21:59, Kuala Lumpur police chief Rusdi Mohd Isa reported that Ong had filed a second report stating he did not wish to pursue the matter further, describing it as a "misunderstanding" that had been settled amicably.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-29 |title=Kes pengiring kerabat: Laporan kedua mangsa kata isu selesai |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/707056 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Malaysiakini}}</ref>

This turn of events raised suspicions of a potential [[cover-up]]. It was later revealed by the Malaysian Deaf Advocacy and Well-being Organisation (DAWN) that Ong had actually filed only one report, while the police had prepared three additional reports which Ong signed without fully understanding their contents. DAWN also alleged that Ong was pressured at the police station to either accept compensation from a palace representative or face having his phone confiscated if the case went to court.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-17 |title=Pressure mounts on police, AG as attacker of deaf Grab driver still not charged |url=https://www.malaysianow.com/news/2024/08/17/pressure-mounts-on-police-ag-as-attacker-of-mute-grab-driver-still-not-charged |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=MalaysiaNow |language=en}}</ref>

On 31 May, Ong denied withdrawing his initial police report and clarified the circumstances surrounding the additional reports. Meanwhile, Tunku Ismail issued a statement urging a thorough investigation while also claiming there was a "movement" attempting to tarnish the royal institution's reputation.<ref name=":2" />

The case gained renewed attention on 14 August 2024, when rights group [[Lawyers for Liberty]] (LFL) released the dashcam footage of the incident during a press conference. LFL lawyers criticised the lack of action against the perpetrator despite clear video evidence, which had been in police possession since the day of the incident.<ref name=":4" /> Pressure was mounting on the police and [[Attorney General of Malaysia|Attorney General]] to take action, with various parties, including the [[Human Rights Commission of Malaysia]] (Suhakam), calling for transparency and justice in the case.<ref>{{Cite web |last=financetwitter |date=2024-06-02 |title=Deaf Grab Driver Assaulted By Royal Bodyguard – How Police Cover-Up Will Bring Back Johor Sultanate's 1992 Scandal - FinanceTwitter |url=http://www.financetwitter.com/2024/06/deaf-grab-driver-assaulted-by-royal-bodyguard-how-police-cover-up-will-bring-back-johor-sultanates-1992-scandal.html |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=FinanceTwitter - Money Finance Economy Business Invest News}}</ref> On 4 November 2024, Lance Corporal Taufik Ismail was fined RM1000 by a Magistrate's Court after pleading guilty.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-04 |title=Police escort fined RM1,000 for assaulting deaf e-hailing driver |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2024/11/04/police-escort-fined-rm1000-for-assaulting-deaf-e-hailing-driver/155766}}</ref>

===Public dispute with Syed Saddiq===
Tunku Ismail has had a public dispute with [[Muar (town)|Muar]] MP [[Syed Saddiq]], which became prominent after the [[2018 Malaysian general election]]. In December 2018, Tunku Ismail publicly criticised Syed Saddiq for sending birthday wishes to his brother, telling him to "save your sucking up for other people".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Save your sucking up for others, Johor crown prince tells Syed Saddiq {{!}} The Malaysian Insight |url=https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/121337 |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=www.themalaysianinsight.com |language=en}}</ref> In April 2019, Syed Saddiq claimed that Tunku Ismail had made political demands, including a request to cancel a [[Manny Pacquiao]] boxing match, which Syed Saddiq stated he could not fulfil.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ishak |first=Fadhli |date=2019-04-23 |title=Syed Saddiq: TMJ made demands I could not meet {{!}} New Straits Times |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/482359/syed-saddiq-tmj-made-demands-i-could-not-meet |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=NST Online |language=en}}</ref>

The dispute continued into 2021. In June, Tunku Ismail described Syed Saddiq as a [[Populism|populist]] politician.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ALI |first=KHAIRUL MOHD |date=2021-06-05 |title=Syed Saddiq ahli politik populis - TMJ |url=https://www.utusan.com.my/berita/2021/06/syed-saddiq-ahli-politik-populis-tmj/ |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=Utusan Malaysia |language=ms-MY}}</ref> Syed Saddiq responded by thanking Tunku Ismail for his "concern about Muar's residents" and stated he was open to criticism.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hadir |first=Shawaliah |date=2021-06-05 |title=Terima kasih TMJ kerana sentiasa prihatin - Syed Saddiq |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2021/06/05/terima-kasih-tmj-kerana-sentiasa-prihatin-syed-saddiq/ |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=MalaysiaGazette |language=en-US}}</ref> The following month, Tunku Ismail accused Syed Saddiq of being a "drama queen" after the latter started a [[crowdfunding]] campaign for his [[Court costs|legal expenses]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporters |first=F. M. T. |date=2021-07-23 |title=Syed Saddiq a 'drama queen', says TMJ over fundraiser |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2021/07/23/syed-saddiq-a-drama-queen-says-tmj-over-fundraiser/ |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=Syed Saddiq a ‘drama queen’, says TMJ over fundraiser |language=en}}</ref> In September 2021, during an Instagram Q&A session, Tunku Ismail suggested that Syed Saddiq should "jump off KLCC without a parachute" to get his attention.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TMJ tells Syed Saddiq to 'jump off KLCC without a parachute' in latest roast |date=September 2021 |url=https://www.thevibes.com/articles/news/40168/tmj-tells-syed-saddiq-to-jump-off-klcc-without-a-parachute-in-latest-roast}}</ref>

===FAM player naturalisation scandal===
{{Main|Malaysian football naturalisation scandal}}
On 28 September 2025, [[FIFA]]'s Disciplinary Committee sanctioned the [[Football Association of Malaysia]] (FAM) after finding it had submitted "falsified or doctored" documents to prove the Malaysian heritage of seven foreign-born players. The ruling resulted in a [[Swiss franc|CHF]] 350,000 fine for FAM and a 12-month ban for all seven players.<ref name="FIFA Fines FAM">{{Cite web |last=Reporters |first=F. M. T. |date=2025-09-26 |title=FIFA fines FAM, suspends 7 players over falsified documents |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2025/09/26/fifa-fines-fam-suspends-7-players-over-falsified-documents |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT |language=en}}</ref>

Tunku Ismail's role in the programme was central; he publicly confirmed on 25 October 2025, that a list of 27-28 potential players "had been presented to him", and he had "approved" the seven in question based on assurances that they had been vetted by both FAM and the National Registration Department (NRD).<ref name="TMJ Admits Approval">{{Cite web |last=Reporters |first=F. M. T. |date=2025-10-25 |title=All at FAM should take responsibility for Fifa fiasco, says TMJ |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2025/10/25/all-at-fam-should-take-responsibility-for-fifa-fiasco-says-tmj |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT |language=en}}</ref>

FAM's official response was to attribute the incident to a "technical error" and to suspend its Secretary-General, Noor Azman Rahman. This move was strongly criticised by anti-graft watchdogs; the Center to Combat Corruption and Cronyism (C4) called it a "disturbing lack of accountability at the highest level",<ref name="C4 Accountability">{{Cite web |last=Reporters |first=F. M. T. |date=2025-10-24 |title='Disturbing' lack of accountability at FAM, says C4 |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2025/10/24/disturbing-lack-of-accountability-at-fam-says-c4 |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT |language=en}}</ref> while [[Transparency International|Transparency International Malaysia]] noted it reflected a "wider pattern of opaque decision-making".<ref name="TI-M Accountability">{{Cite web |last=Reporters |first=F. M. T. |date=2025-10-26 |title=TI-M urges FAM to release full probe findings on alleged falsified documents |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2025/10/26/ti-m-urges-fam-to-release-full-probe-findings-on-alleged-falsified-documents |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=Free Malaysia Today {{!}} FMT |language=en}}</ref> Tunku Ismail also publicly disagreed with the suspension, stating it was "not right" and that "everyone should bear this responsibility" rather than scapegoat one individual.<ref name="TMJ Admits Approval" />

Externally, Tunku Ismail rejected FIFA's findings, calling the decision a "sudden reversal" from a body that had previously cleared the players.<ref name="TMJ New York">{{Cite web |last=Mail |first=Malay |date=2025-09-27 |title=‘Who was in New York?’: TMJ questions Fifa’s shock punishment of Malaysia over naturalised players |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/sports/2025/09/27/who-was-in-new-york-tmj-questions-fifas-shock-punishment-of-malaysia-over-naturalised-players/192607 |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=Malay Mail |language=en}}</ref> He suggested external interference by Indonesian side, asking in a social media post, "Who was in New York?"<ref name="TMJ New York Vibes">{{Cite web |date=2025-09-27 |title=FIFA's sanctions on FAM: Who was in New York? - Questions TMJ |url=https://www.thevibes.com/articles/sports/113319/fifas-sanctions-on-fam-who-was-in-new-york-questions-tmj |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=The Vibes}}</ref>

On 9 October, former Prime Minister [[Mahathir Mohamad]] called the affair a "deliberate attempt to cheat", asserting that it could only have been orchestrated by "somebody with power" who believes they are "above the law".<ref name="Mahathir Powerful">{{Cite web |last=LOKMAN |first=TASNIM |date=2025-10-10 |title=Dr Mahathir alleges 'powerful somebody' behind shameful FIFA ancestry scandal, claims selective justice in Malaysia |url=https://www.sinardaily.my/article/730856/focus/sports/dr-mahathir-alleges-powerful-somebody-behind-shameful-fifa-ancestry-scandal-claims-selective-justice-in-malaysia |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=Sinar Daily |language=en}}</ref> Mahathir's statement was widely interpreted by the public as being directed at Tunku Ismail.<ref name="Mahathir Hint">{{Cite web |last=financetwitter |date=2025-10-14 |title=Mahathir Hinted Johor Royalty Behind FAM-FIFA Fraud Scandal |url=https://www.financetwitter.com/2025/10/mahathir-hinted-johor-royalty-behind-fam-fifa-fraud-scandal.html |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=FinanceTwitter - Money Finance Economy Business Invest News}}</ref>

In March 2026, Tunku Ismail responded to an account on X that urged the public to never forget his alleged responsibility in the document falsification. In response, Tunku Ismail appeared to agree with the user and went further by suggesting that he be taken to court with any available evidence.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Avineshwaran |first1=T. |title="Take me to court" - TMJ responds to social media critic on heritage players |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/sport/football/2026/03/06/take-me-to-court---tmj-responds-to-social-media-critic-on-heritage-players |website=The Star |access-date=2026-03-07}}</ref>

==Personal life==
On 24 October 2014, Tunku Ismail married [[Khaleeda Bustamam|Che' Puan Mahkota Khaleeda]] at [[Istana Bukit Serene]] in a private ceremony. The solemnisation ceremony was performed by Johor mufti Dato' Mohd Tahrir Samsudin. The royal wedding reception took place at the Istana Besar on 8 November 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Farhaan Shah|first1=Mohd|title=Big crowd at Johor royal wedding|url=http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/big-crowd-johor-royal-wedding|access-date=10 November 2014|agency=The Star/Asia News Network|publisher=AsiaOne|date=9 November 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111221647/http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/big-crowd-johor-royal-wedding|archive-date=11 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The couple's first child is a daughter, Tunku Khalsom Aminah Sofiah, born on 25 June 2016. Their second child, a son, Tunku Iskandar Abdul Jalil Abu Bakar Ibrahim, was born 14 October 2017. A third child and second son, Tunku Abu Bakar Ibrahim, was born on 17 July 2019. A fourth child and second daughter, Tunku Zahrah Zarith Aziyah, was born on 21 April 2021.

He is also a half third cousin of [[Nazrin Shah of Perak|Sultan Nazrin Shah]], the current [[Sultan of Perak]] since both share a common male ancestor [[Idris Shah I of Perak]]. He is also a grandnephew as well as nephew by marriage of [[Abdullah of Pahang|Al-Sultan Abdullah]], the current Sultan of [[Pahang]] and an 11th cousin of [[Tengku Muhammad Ismail]], the Crown Prince of [[Terengganu]] since they both share a common male ancestor [[Tun Habib Abdul Majid|Tun Habib Abdul Majid Al-Aydrus]].

== Titles and styles ==
{{Infobox royal styles
|royal name = Tunku Ismail
|image = [[File:Flag of the Regent of Johor.svg||120px]]
|dipstyle = [[Royal Highness|His Royal Highness]]
|offstyle = [[Royal Highness|Your Royal Highness]]
|altstyle = ''Tuanku''
}}

Tunku Ismail's full style and title in Malay: {{Transliteration|ms|Duli Yang Amat Mulia}} ''Tunku Mahkota Ismail Ibni Sultan Ibrahim, D.K., S.P.M.J, S.S.I.J, S.M.J., P.I.S, Pemangku Sultan Johor''<ref>(28 Januari 2024). [https://www.hmetro.com.my/mutakhir/2024/01/1054994/tunku-ismail-dimasyhur-pemangku-sultan-johor-bermula-hari-ini Sultan Ibrahim, Sultan Yang Dipertuan bagi negeri dan jajahan takhluk Johor Darul Takzim telah berkenan melantik Tunku Mahkota Johor, Tunku Ismail Sultan Ibrahim sebagai Pemangku Sultan Johor bermula hari ini]. ''[[Harian Metro]]''. Dicapai pada 28 Januari 2024.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tunkuismail.com/tmj/ |title=DYAM Tunku Mahkota Johor}}</ref>

in English: ''His Royal Highness Tunku Ismail Ibni Sultan Ibrahim, D.K., S.P.M.J, S.S.I.J, S.M.J., P.I.S, Regent of Johor''<ref>(28 January 2024). [https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/01/28/tmj-appointed-regent-of-johor With this appointment, the heir to the Johor throne will henceforth be known as His Royal Highness Tunku Ismail, The Regent of Johor]. ''[[The Star (Malaysia)]]''.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tunkuismail.com/hrh-crown-prince-of-johor/ |title=HRH CROWN PRINCE OF JOHOR}}</ref>

== Honours ==
{{see also|List of honours of the Johor Royal Family by country}}

=== Johor honours ===
*[[File:Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Johor - ribbon bar.svg|50px]] First Class of the [[Royal Family Order of Johor]] (DK I) (8 April 2009)
*[[File:Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Johor - ribbon bar.svg|50px]] Second Class of the [[Royal Family Order of Johor]] (DK II) (8 April 2006)
*[[File:Order of the Crown of Johor ribbon bar.svg|50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the [[Order of the Crown of Johor]] (SPMJ) – '''Dato'''' (8 April 2005)
*[[File:Order of the Crown of Johor ribbon bar.svg|50px]] Companion of the [[Order of the Crown of Johor]] (SMJ) (8 April 2004)
*[[File:MY-JOH Order of Loyalty of Sultan Ismail of Johor ribbon bar.svg|50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the [[Order of Loyalty of Sultan Ismail of Johor]] (SSIJ) – '''Dato'''' (22 November 2010)
*[[File:Order_of_Sultan_Ibrahim_of_Johor-Darjah_Sultan_Ibrahim_Johor_SMIJ_DMIJ_SIJ.svg|50px]] Grand Knight of the [[Order of Sultan Ibrahim of Johor]] (SMIJ) – '''Dato'''' (30 March 2015)
*[[File:Sultan Ibrahim Coronation Medal ribbon.gif|50px]] First Class of the Sultan Ibrahim Medal (PIS I)
* [[File:MY-JOH Sultan Ibrahim Ismail Coronation Medal.png|50px]] First Class of Gold Medal of the Sultan Ibrahim Coronation Medal (23 March 2015)
* [[File:Pingat_Sultan_Ibrahim_2010.png|50px]] First Class of the Sultan Ibrahim of Johor Medal (PSI I) (23 March 2017)
* [[File:Pingat Jubli Emas Gerak Khas - Pingat Emas.png|50px]] Golden Jubilee of the Grup Gerak Khas Medal - Gold Medal (25 August 2015)
=== Honours of Malaysia ===
* {{flagu|Malaysia}}
** [[File:MY Pingat Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong XIII ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Malaysia#Honorary orders and medals|13th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal]] (26 April 2007)
** [[File:MY Pingat Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong XV ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Malaysia#Honorary orders and medals|15th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal]] (24 April 2017)
** [[File:MY Pingat Pertabalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong XVII ribbon.png|50px]] [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Malaysia#Honorary orders and medals|17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal]] (20 July 2024)
* {{flagu|Negeri Sembilan}}
** [[File:MY-NEG Tuanku Muhriz Installation Medal.png|50px]] Tuanku Muhriz Installation Medal (26 October 2009)
* {{flagu|Perak}}
** [[File:MY-PERA Sultan Azlan Shah Silver Jubilee Medal 2009.png|50px]] Sultan Azlan Shah Silver Jubilee Medal (3 February 2009)

==Issue==

{| Class="wikitable"
|-
! Name || Born || Place birth || Age
|-
| ''Her Highness'' Tunku Khalsom Aminah Sofiah Binti Tunku Ismail Idris Abdul Majid Abu Bakar Iskandar || {{birth date|2016|6|25|df=yes}} || [[Hospital Sultanah Aminah]], Johor || {{age for infant|2016|6|25|df=yes}}
|-
| ''His Royal Highness'' [[Tunku Iskandar Abdul Jalil Abu Bakar Ibrahim|Tunku Iskandar Abdul Jalil Abu Bakar Ibrahim Ibni Tunku Ismail Idris Abdul Majid Abu Bakar Iskandar]] || {{birth date|2017|10|14|df=yes}} || Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor || {{age for infant|2017|10|14|df=yes}}
|-
| ''His Highness'' Tunku Abu Bakar Ibrahim Ibni Tunku Ismail Idris Abdul Majid Abu Bakar Iskandar || {{birth date|2019|07|17|df=yes}} || Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor || {{age for infant|2019|07|17|df=yes}}
|-
| ''Her Highness'' Tunku Zahrah Zarith Aziyah Binti Tunku Ismail Idris Abdul Majid Abu Bakar Iskandar || {{birth date|2021|04|21|df=yes}} || Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor || {{age for infant|2021|04|21|df=yes}}
|}

==Ancestry==

{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Ismail bin Ibrahim, Crown Prince of Johor'''
|2= 2. [[Ibrahim Ismail of Johor|Sultan Ibrahim Ismail of Johor]]
|3= 3. [[Raja Zarith Sofiah|Raja Zarith Sofiah binti Idris]]
|4= 4. [[Iskandar of Johor|Sultan Iskandar bin Ismail of Johor]]
|5= 5. Enche' Besar Hajjah Kalsum binti Abdullah (née Josephine Ruby Trevorrow)
|6= 6. [[Idris Shah II of Perak|Sultan Idris Shah II of Perak]]
|7= 7. Raja Muzwin binti Raja Arif Shah
|8= 8. [[Ismail of Johor|Sultan Ismail bin Ibrahim of Johor]]
|9= 9. ''Ungku'' Tun Amina binti ''Ungku'' Ahmad
|10= 10. Reginald George Trevorrow
|11= 11. Ruby May Alderman
|12= 12. [[Iskandar of Perak|Sultan Iskandar bin Idris of Perak]]
|13= 13. Raja Puteh Umi Kalsum binti Raja Kulop Muhammad Kramat
|14= 14. Raja Arif Shah bin Raja Haji Harun al-Rashid
|15= 15. ''Cik Puan'' Aziza binti Abdullah
|16= 16. [[Ibrahim of Johor|Sultan Ibrahim bin Abu Bakar of Johor]]
|17= 17. ''Ungku'' Maimuna binti ''Ungku'' Abdul Majid
|18= 18. ''Ungku'' Ahmad bin ''Ungku'' Muhammad Khalid
|19= 19. ''Ungku'' Khadija binti ''Ungku'' Muhammad
|20= 20. Henry David Trevorrow
|21= 21. Florence Louisa Capling
|22= 22. Thomas Alderman
|23=
|24= 24. [[Idris Shah I of Perak|Sultan Idris Shah I of Perak]]
|25= 25. ''Cik'' Ngah Manah binti Manda Duwayat
|26= 26. Raja Kulop Muhammad Kramat bin Raja Alang Iskandar
|27= 27. ''Che'' Ken Uda Sari binti Abdul Rahman
|28= 28. Raja Haji Harun al-Rashid bin Idris Murshid
|29= 29. ''Cik'' Haji Ngah Uteh Mariah binti Haji Sulaiman
|30= 30. Abdullah
|31=
}}

==See also==

* [[Sultan of Johor]]
* [[Sultanate of Johor]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Nadarajah, Nesalmar, ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Johore_and_the_Origins_of_British_Contro.html?id=TaBuAAAAMAAJ Johore and the Origins of British Control, 1895–1914]'', Arenabuku, 2000, {{ISBN|967-970-318-5}}

==External links==
* {{instagram|hrhcrownprinceofjohor}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[Johor Sultanate#Johor administration|House of Temenggong]], [[Johor]]|30 June|1984}}
{{S-roy|my}}
{{S-other|line}}
{{S-break}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Heir apparent]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Line of succession to the Malaysian throne#Johor|Line of succession to the throne of Johor]]|years=1st in line}}
{{S-fol|after=[[Tunku Iskandar Abdul Jalil Abu Bakar Ibrahim|Tunku Iskandar]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Current heirs of monarchies}}
{{Portal bar|Malaysia|Biography|Royalty|Monarchy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ismail Idris, Tunku}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Johor Bahru]]
[[Category:Malaysian people of Malay descent]]
[[Category:Malaysian Muslims]]
[[Category:Malaysian people of Cornish descent]]
[[Category:Malaysian people of English descent]]
[[Category:Malaysian people of Danish descent]]
[[Category:Malaysian people of Chinese descent]]
[[Category:House of Temenggong of Johor]]
[[Category:Royal House of Perak]]
[[Category:Crown princes]]
[[Category:Malaysian expatriates in India]]
[[Category:Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Malaysian military personnel]]
[[Category:Malaysian polo players]]
[[Category:Association football chairmen and investors]]
[[Category:Sons of sultans]]

[[Category:First Classes of the Royal Family Order of Johor]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Johor]]

Kanhangad Ramachandran

2026-03-09T02:30:34Z

Qtree2009: updated page

{{Short description |Indian singer and music director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{multiple issues|
{{No significant coverage|date=April 2025}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=April 2025}}
{{BLP sources|date=November 2018}}
}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| background = person
| name = Dr Kanhangad Ramachandran
| honorific_suffix = DLitt
| origin = [[Cherukunnu]], [[Kannur]], Kerala
| instrument = [[Harmonium]], violin, guitar, flute, jazz drum, keyboard, [[veena]], [[Tabla|tabala]], [[mridangam]]
| genre =
| occupation = Singer, music director
| years_active = 1976–present
| label =
| current_members =
| past_members =
}}

'''Kanhangad Ramachandran''' is an Indian singer, composer, and music director known for his contributions to Indian classical and devotional music. Hailing from Cherukunnu, Kannur, Kerala, he has been active in the music industry since 1976, performing in various Indian languages and styles.

In 1994, Kanhangad Ramachandran was honored with a golden shawl by [[K. J. Yesudas]] during a performance at [[Guruvayur Temple|Guruvayoor Temple]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Singer – Kanhangad Ramachandran |url=https://nalla-varikal.blogspot.com/2016/03/singer-kanhangad-ramachandran.html |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=Singer – Kanhangad Ramachandran}}</ref> He received the [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] for light music in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keralaculture.org/light-music/467 |title=Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award: Light Music |publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala|access-date=26 February 2023}}</ref>

He set the [[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Record]] for playback singing, performing continuously for 25 hours.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prominent Personalities Of Kerala – Sri. Kanhangad Ramachandran |url=http://www.stateofkerala.in/kerala_celebrities/kanhangad_ramachandran.php |website=stateofkerala.in |access-date=24 April 2023 |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424181259/http://www.stateofkerala.in/kerala_celebrities/kanhangad_ramachandran.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Works==
===As a composer===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! # !! Movie !! Director !! Lyricists !! Singers
|-
| 1 || Sreeragam (1995) || George Kithu ||[[Kaithapram]]

|[[K. J. Yesudas]], '''Kanhangad Ramachandran''', [[K. S. Chitra]], Supriya Chandran, Sreepriy Chandran

Kanhangad

|}<ref>[http://malayalasangeetham.info/php/MovieDetails.php?mid=3499&encode=utf Sreeraagam (1995) [Musician:Kanjangad Ramachandran, Lyricist:Kaithapram]]</ref>

===As a singer===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Movie !! Composer !! Song(s)
|-
| 1976 || Panineer Mazha [''Unreleased''] || [[M. K. Arjunan]] || ''Ente Manassu''
|-
| 1978 || Padmatheertham || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || ''Kaarum Karutha Vavum''
|-
| rowspan="4"|1992 || Aanachandam [''Unreleased''] || Vidyadharan || ''Khanikal Asulabha''
|-
| [[Kamaladalam]] || [[Raveendran]] || ''Alaipaayuthey''
|-
| Kingini (Kurinji Pookunna Neram) || [[Kannur Rajan]] || ''Malar chorum''
|-
| Valayam || [[S. P. Venkatesh]] || ''Chambakamettile'', ''Pulariyaay''
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1994 || Raajasabha [''Unreleased''] || [[Raveendran]] ||''Prakrithi youvana''
|-
| Share Market ['Unreleased'] || [[Raveendran]] || ''Aaromal saarangame''
|-
| rowspan="2"|1995 || Sreeraagam || '''Kanhangad Ramachandran''' ||''Chalamelera, Dudukugala, Kanakaangi swaravaahini, Neelakkadakkannil, Raavinte, Shambho, Sreegananaadha sindooravarnna''
|-
| Sunny Scooter [''Unreleased''] || [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] || ''Dhanyudevadu''
|-
| 2007 || Vaamanapuri || Stilju Arjun || ''Prakritheeshwariyude, Sumadala Shobhitha''
|}<ref>[http://malayalasangeetham.info/php/createSongIndex.php?txt=Kanjangad%20Ramachandran&stype=singers MSI Malayalam Song Search – Singers = Kanjangad Ramachandran]</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* http://malayalasangeetham.info/php/createSongIndex.php?txt=Kanjangad%20Ramachandran&stype=singers&internal_mess=1&page_size=25&submit=Find+Songs

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramachandran, Kanhangad}}
[[Category:Malayalam film score composers]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:People from Kannur district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Singers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian male film score composers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]
{{India-singer-stub}}

Kunjali Marakkar

2026-03-05T18:28:31Z

Qtree2009: Article updated with improved flow

{{short description|Fleet admiral of the Samoothiri}}
{{other uses|Kunjali Marakkar (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}

[[File:Bust of Kunhali Marakkar III at Visakha Museum.jpg|thumb|alt=A metallic bust of Kunjali Marakkar III|Bust of the third Kunjali Marakkar at [[Visakha Museum]], [[Andhra Pradesh]].]]
'''Kunjali Marakkar''' was the title inherited by the [[Admiral of the fleet]] of the [[Zamorin|King Samoothiri]] / Zamorin, the King of Calicut, in present-day [[Kerala]], India. There were four Marakkars whose war tactics defended against the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] invasion from 1520 to 1600. The Kunjali Marakkars are credited with organizing the first naval defense of the Indian coast.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maritime Heritage - Join Indian Navy {{!}} Government of India|url=https://www.joinindiannavy.gov.in/en/about-us/maritime-heritage.html|website=www.joinindiannavy.gov.in|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Arun Kumar |title=Give Indian Navy its due |url=https://www.asianage.com/opinion/columnists/110217/give-indian-navy-its-due.html |access-date=6 March 2020 |work=[[The Asian Age]] |date=11 February 2017}}</ref> [[Indian Navy]] commissioned [[INS Shikra|INS Kunjali]] in their memory on 11 July 1954, with Captain Michael Benjamin Samuel, VSM, as the first Commanding Officer.<ref>https://indiannavy.gov.in/content/ins-kunjali Official Website of Indian Navy, as on 31 October 2025</ref>

[[File:Marakkar-Inscriptions.PNG|thumb|300px|right|Inscriptions on the Kunjali Marakkar Memorial at Kottakkal, Vatakara]]

==Origins of Marakkar==
The Marakkars originate from a branch of Arab merchants within the seafaring community who settled in Kochi. They were involved in trade and engaged in collaboration with the Portuguese. The 16th century writer [[Zainuddin Makhdoom II]] who wrote the ''[[Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen|Tuhfat-ul-Mujahideen]]'' stated in 1524 that the Marakkars had turned against the Portuguese when the latter disrupted the former's trade networks by purchasing spices and commodities directly from local people in Kochi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nazeer |first=Mohamed |date=2020-03-16 |title=Who were the Kunjali Marakkars? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/who-were-the-kunjali-marakkars/article31085530.ece |access-date=2024-04-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
[[File:Kunjali Marakkar Memorial, Iringal, Kozhikkod 1 (3).JPG|thumb|Ancestral home of Kunjali Marakkar at Iringal, Kottakkal, near Calicut, now preserved as a Museum.]]

==Kunjali Marakkar I==
Kutty Ahmed Ali was an Admiral of [[Zamorin]] he played a significant role in resisting the Portuguese expansion. In 1524 [[Zamorin]] Kingdom helped the Ceylonese king in his campaign to expel the Portuguese from Ceylon and reduced the [[Colombo Fort]] with the help of Zamorin navy under the command of Ahmed Ali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rhode |first=Grant Frederick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9sOzEAAAQBAJ&dq=Kutty+Ahmed+Ali&pg=PA114 |title=Great Power Clashes along the Maritime Silk Road: Lessons from History to Shape Current Strategy |date=2023-10-15 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-68247-867-7 |language=en}}</ref> In 1525 Portuguese established a fortress in Calicut a fleet of [[Zamorin]] ships under the command of Kutty Ahmed Ali bombarded the fort.<ref>{{Cite book |last=MacDougall |first=Philip |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIKfBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 |title=Naval Resistance to Britain's Growing Power in India, 1660-1800: The Saffron Banner and the Tiger of Mysore |date=2014 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd |isbn=978-1-84383-948-4 |language=en}}</ref> later that year entered the port of [[Cochin]] setting fire to number of Portuguese vessels and returned safely to [[Calicut]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=MacDougall |first=Philip |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIKfBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 |title=Naval Resistance to Britain's Growing Power in India, 1660-1800: The Saffron Banner and the Tiger of Mysore |date=2014 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd |isbn=978-1-84383-948-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rhode |first=Grant Frederick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9sOzEAAAQBAJ&dq=Kutty+Ahmed+Ali&pg=PA114 |title=Great Power Clashes along the Maritime Silk Road: Lessons from History to Shape Current Strategy |date=2023-10-15 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-68247-867-7 |language=en}}</ref> In 1529 [[Zamorin]] navy defeated Portuguese navy in the battle of chetwai river.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rhode |first=Grant Frederick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9sOzEAAAQBAJ&dq=Kutty+Ahmed+Ali&pg=PA114 |title=Great Power Clashes along the Maritime Silk Road: Lessons from History to Shape Current Strategy |date=2023-10-15 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-68247-867-7 |language=en}}</ref>

==Against the Portuguese Empire==

The Kunjali IV had rescued a Chinese boy, called Chinali, who was said to have been enslaved on a Portuguese ship.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saletore |first=Rajaram Narayan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1PVMMoChwY4C&q=Chinali |title=Indian Pirates |date=1978 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |pages=138 |language=en}}</ref> The Kunjali was very fond of him, and he became one of his most feared lieutenants, a Muslim and enemy of the Portuguese.<ref>{{cite book|page=225|year=1948|access-date=2 March 2012|publisher=M. Nijhoff|author=Charles Ralph Boxer|quote=we meet with a surprisingly frequent number of references to Chinese wayfarers or sojourners in India Portuguesa. One Chinese slave who was taken by Malabar pirates in his youth, subsequently became a terrible scourge to his late masters, as the right hand man of the famous Moplah pirate Kunhali. His eventual conqueror in 1600, the great Captain|title=Fidalgos in the Far East, 1550-1770: fact and fancy in the history of Macao|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PePUAAAAMAAJ&q=kunhali+slave+youth}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|page=456|year=1939|access-date=2 March 2012|author=Sun Yat-Sen institute for the advancement of culture and education|quote=and said to have been slave to a Portuguese, before he was captured in his youth and brought before Kunhala, who took such a fancy to him that he entrusted him with everything. He was he most fanatical Moslem and enemy of the Christian faith along the whole Malabar coast. For when prisoners were taken at sea and brought to him, he invented the most fiendish tortures ever seen, with which he martyred them."|title=T'ien Hsia monthly |volume=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kDMZAAAAIAAJ&q=kunhali+chinese}}</ref> The Portuguese were terrorized by the Kunjali and his Chinese right-hand man. Eventually, after the Portuguese allied with Calicut's Zamorin, under [[André Furtado de Mendonça]] when Kunjali Marrikar openly challenged the Zamorin by cutting off the tail of the Zamorin's elephant and assaulting a Nair noble and his wife who had been sent to get an explanation of the deed. The allies attacked the Kunjali and Chinali's forces, the first battle ended in disaster for the allies due to lack of communication. The second battle was well co-ordinated with the Portuguese attacking Marakkar kotta from the sea and the Zamorin from the land. Marakkar surrendered to the Zamorin after receiving a solemn promise of pardon but the Zamorin handed them over to the Portuguese.<ref>{{cite book|page=456|year=1939|access-date=2 March 2012|author=Sun Yat-Sen institute for the advancement of culture and education|quote=Kunhali and Chinale were for years the greatest scourge of the Portuguese in the India seas. They made such effective depredations against Lusitanian shipping that the former assumed the high|title=T'ien Hsia monthly |volume=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kDMZAAAAIAAJ&q=prisoners+goa+Diogo+do+Couto}}</ref>

[[Diogo do Couto]], a Portuguese historian, questioned the Kunjali and Chinali when they were captured.<ref>{{cite book|page=456|year=1939|access-date=2 March 2012|author=Sun Yat-Sen institute for the advancement of culture and education|quote= command of Andre Furtado de Mendoça, and in alliance with the Samorin of Calicut, was more successful. Kottakkal was taken by storm and both Kunhali and his Chinese lieutenant carried off as prisoners to Goa. They remained for some time in the Goa prison, where they were interviewed by the historian Diogo do Couto.|title=T'ien Hsia monthly |volume=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kDMZAAAAIAAJ&q=interviewed+Diogo+do+Couto}}</ref> He was present when the Kunjali surrendered to the Portuguese and was described: "One of these was Chinale, a Chinese, who had been a servant at Malacca, and said to have been the captive of a Portuguese, taken as a boy from a [[fusta]], and afterwards brought to Kunjali, who conceived such an affection for him that he trusted him with everything. He was the greatest exponent of the [[Moors|Moorish]] superstition and enemy of the Christians in all Malabar, and for those taken captive at sea and brought thither he invented the most exquisite kinds of torture when he martyred them."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qmcMAAAAIAAJ&q=kunhali+chinese&pg=PA523|title=The voyage of François Pyrard of Laval to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil |issue=80 |volume=2|author1=François Pyrard|author2=Pierre de Bergeron|author3=Jérôme Bignon|publisher=Printed for the Hakluyt society|year=1890|location=LONDON : WHITING AND CO., SARDINIA STREET. LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS|page=523|quote=allied forces the remnants of the garrison marched forth. "First came 400 Moors, many of them wounded, with their children and wives, in such an impoverished condition that they seemed as dead. These the Samorin bade go where they pleased. Last of all came Kunhali with a black kerchief on his head, and a sword in his hand with the point lowered. He was at that time a man of fifty, of middle height, muscular and broad-shouldered. He walked between three of his chief Moors. One of these was Chinale, a Chinese, who had been a servant at Malacca, and said to have been the captive of a Portuguese, taken as a boy from a fusta, and afterwards brought to Kunhali, who conceived such an affection for him that he trusted him with everything. He was the greatest exponent of the Moorish superstition and enemy of the Christians in all Malabar, and for those taken captive at sea and brought thither he invented the most exquisite kinds of torture when he martyred them."Kunhali walked straight to the Samorin and delivered to him his sword in token of submission, throwing himself at his feet with much humility. Some say that the Samorin, inasmuch as he had promised him life, had secretly advised the Chief Captain, when Kunhali should deliver himself up, to lay hands upon him, as though he were taking him by force; and so the Chief Captain did. For, as the Samoriu was standing by him, Andre Furtado advanced, and, seizing him by the arm, pulled him aside; while the other gave a great lurch so as to get free.{{Citation needed|date= April 2022}} As he was then at the brink of a hole, the Chief Captain was in risk of falling therein, had not his arm been seized by Padre Fr. Diogo Horaen, a Religious of the Order of the Glorious Father S. Francisco, who stood on one side; Diogo Moniz Barreto, who was on the other, fell into the hole and skinned all his leg."A tumult now arose among the Nairs, which the Samorin with difficulty suppressed. In the midst of it, Chinale and Cotiale, the pirate-chief's nephew, and the other captains, attempted to escape, but were seized and manacled by the Portuguese soldiery. Kunhali himself was led off under a strong guard to the Portuguese lines. Furtado, after entering the fort hand-iu-hand with the Samorin, prudently gave up the place to be sacked by the|access-date=2 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|page=161|year=2000|access-date=2 March 2012|publisher=International School of Dravidian Linguistics|author=T. Madhava Menon, International School of Dravidian Linguistics|quote=Kunjali was led to the scaffold. He was fifty years of age, fair, thick set and broadbreasted. He was 'of a low stature, well-shaped and strong'. With him was Chinali, a Chinese youth whom Kunjali had rescued from a Portuguese ship.|title=A handbook of Kerala |volume=1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FltwAAAAMAAJ&q=Kunjali+was+led+to+the+scaffold.+He+was+fifty+years+of+age,+fair,+thick+set+and+broadbreasted.+He+was+'of+a+low+stature,+well-shaped+and+strong'.+With+him+was+Chinali,+a+Chinese+youth+whom+Kunjali+had+rescued+from+a+Portuguese+ship.|isbn=81-85692-27-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|page=133|edition=2|year=1963|access-date=2 March 2012|publisher=Asia Pub. House|author=Odayamadath Kunjappa Nambiar|quote=Last of all came Kunjali with a black kerchief on his head, and a sword in his hand with the point lowered. He was at that time a man of fifty, of middle height, muscular and broad-shouldered. He walked between three of his chief Moors. One of these was Chinali a Chinese who had been servant at Malacca, and said to have been the captive of a Portuguese, taken as a boy from a fusta and afterwards brought to Kunjali, who conceived such an affection for him that he|title=The Kunjalis, admirals of Calicut|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iaQ9AAAAMAAJ&q=kunjali+chinali+chinese}}</ref> However, de Couto's claim that he tortured Christians was questionable, since no other source reported this, and is dismissed as ridiculous.<ref>{{cite book|page=138|year=1978|access-date=2 March 2012|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|quote=He walked between three of his chief Muslims: one of them was Chinali "A Chinese who had been a servant at Malacca and said to have been a captive of the Portuguese taken as a boy from a fusta and afterwards brought to Kunhali." He had conceived such an affection for him that "he treated him with everything." He was "the greatest exponent of the Moorish superstition and an enemy of the Christians in all Malabar." It is said of him that for those captured at sea and brought to Kunhali's little kingdom, he "invented the most exquisite kinds of torture when he martyred them." This wild assertion of de Couto, lacking corroboration, is apparently incredible.|title=Indian Pirates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1PVMMoChwY4C&q=kunhali+chinese&pg=PA138}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qmcMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA516|title=The voyage of François Pyrard of Laval to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil |issue=80 |volume=2|author1=François Pyrard|author2=Pierre de Bergeron|author3=Jérôme Bignon|publisher=Printed for the Hakluyt society|year=1890|location=LONDON : WHITING AND CO., SARDINIA STREET. LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS|page=516|quote=withdrew to his camp. All this time the obstructions in the river, and the deficiency of boats, had kept Luiz da Gama a mere spectator of the scene, unable either to direct or to succour. We have, from de Couto, a picture of him standing knee-deep in the mud of the river bar, endeavouring to embark succours in the boats, while ever and anon his attempts thus to rally his forces were frustrated by the sight of the fugitives, some in boats, some swimming down the river, and all shouting, "Treason! Treason!" The body of the brave Luiz da Sylva had been got into a boat, wrapped in his flag, which a captain had torn from its standard, in order to conceal the fact of his fall. This manoeuvre, however, only added to the disorder of the soldiery, who found themselves of a sudden, and at the critical moment of the attack, without a competent leader and without colours. Thus ended the gravest disaster which had as yet befallen the Portuguese arms in India. De Couto gives a long list of noble fidalgos who fell that day, sacrificed by the incapacity of their leaders; and though he confidently asserts that the total loss was 230 men and no more, his own story of the events of the fight gives colour to the statement of Pyrard that the loss amounted to no less than 500 lives. It is further stated by de Couto, who talked the matter over with Kunhali and his lieutenant, Chinale, when they were in the Goa prison, that the loss of the besieged exceeded 500 men.The sorrow and vexation of Luiz da Gama at the death of his brave captain and the miscarriage of the whole enterprise were unbounded. His next measures, however, were dictated by good sense and humanity. Leaving a small force to blockade the fort under Francisco de Sousa, and despatching the body of da Sylva to Cannanor, where it was temporarily interred with all available pomp,1 he withdrew his shattered forces to Cochin, where the wounded received attention at the hospital and in the houses of the citizens.The blockading force was insufficient, and Kunhali, who had thirteen galeots ready for action in his port, might easily have forced a way to sea, had not de Sousa, by a skillful ruse, led himIt was afterwards conveyed to Portugal.|access-date=2 March 2012}}</ref>
[[File:Kunhali-Sword.JPG|thumb|upright|The sword used by the last Kunjali Marakkar at the mosque at Kottakkal, Vatakara]]
[[File:Marakkar-Navy.JPG|thumb|upright|The Kunjali Marakkar Memorial erected by the Indian navy at Kottakkal, Vatakar]]

==Marakkar Kotta==
Such a practice also prevailed in Calicut, registering the goods, Pyrard called the system "most admirable". Malabar pirates had four harbours under the ambit of the Samoothiri, there they built their galleys. These harbours were Moutingue (Muttungal), Badara (Vadakara), Chombaye (Chambal), and Cangelotte (Kaniyaram Kottu). They were fortified only on the seas-side under the patronage of Samoothiri, who granted these ports to Marakkar family who fortified them. These ports were two leagues from each other. Portuguese made multiple attempts to conquer these fortified ports, without effect or to their own loss, mainly at Badara.<ref name="Saletore">{{cite book |last1=Saletore |first1=Rajaram Narayan |title=Indian Pirates |date=1978 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |pages=175–177 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1PVMMoChwY4C |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>

==Legacy==
* There is a temple dedicated to "Kunjali Maraikkayar" at Madhavan Kurichi village in [[Thoothukudi district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Known as ''perumal'' temple, it is situated near to [[Manapad]] which was a Portuguese stronghold in the 16th century. Villagers worship Maraikkayar as a deity and observe annual festivals. Stories of Maraikkayar are part of their [[Villu Paatu]] songs.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anwar |first1=Kombai S. |title=Kunjali Maraikkayars — bold adventurers |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/kunjali-maraikkayars-bold-adventurers/article26078569.ece |access-date=13 November 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=24 January 2019}}</ref>
* At [[Iringal]], a village about 35 km north of [[Kozhikode]], a small museum has been built in a hut that used to belong to the Marakkar family, with collection of ancient swords, cannonballs and knives. This is maintained by the State Archeology Dept.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-12-22 |title=The Official Web site of Government of Kerala |url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_archaeology/monuments.htm |access-date=2025-05-03 |archive-date=22 December 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041222115758/http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_archaeology/monuments.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The Kunjali Marakkar Centre for West Asian Studies at [[Calicut University]] is named in honour of Kunjali Marakkar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.universityofcalicut.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=336 |title=Official website of Calicut University - About |access-date=23 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808134433/http://www.universityofcalicut.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=336 |archive-date=8 August 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Popular culture==
*In 1967, S. S. Rajan made the [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Kunjali Marakkar (film)|Kunjali Marakkar]]'' starring [[Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair]] in the title role. The film won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article2353953.ece | work=The Hindu | location=Chennai, India | first=B. | last=Vijayakumar | title=Kunjali Marakkar - 1967 | date=14 August 2011}}</ref>
*''[[Marakkar: Lion of the Arabian Sea]]'', a film made by director [[Priyadarshan]] starring [[Mohanlal]] won the [[50th Kerala State Film Awards]] and [[67th National Film Awards]].<ref>"DECLARATION – 50th KERALA STATE FILM AWARDS FOR MALAYALAM FILMS & WRITINGS ON CINEMA 2019"(PDF)</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Marakkar: Lion of Arabian Sea |url=https://www.keralafilm.com/index.php/archive/awards |website=keralafilm.com |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref>
The film is said to be historically inaccurate.

==See also==
*''[[Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen]]''
*[[Mayimama Marakkar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{commons category|Kunjali Marakkar}}

==Further reading==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=HKmXcBCKEcAC India's naval traditions: the role of Kunhali Marakkars] – [[K. K. N. Kurup]], Northern Book Centre, 1997
* [[Hermann Gundert|Gundert, Herman]] ''Keralappalama (History of Malabar from A.D. 1498 – 1531)'' in Malayalam, first published 1868, Kottayam: Vidyarthi Mithram, 1964
* Mathew, K.S. ''Portuguese Trade with India in the sixteenth century''
* Queyroz Fr. The Temporal and Spiritual Conquest of Ceylaö,
* {{Citation
| author = S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar | year=1942
| title= Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language | publisher=[[University of Madras]]
| url= https://archive.org/details/Tuhfat-al-MujahidinAnHistoricalWorkInTheArabicLanguage
| access-date =}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marakkar, Kunjali}}
[[Category:Calicut kingdom]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:People from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Malabar Muslims]]
[[Category:Naval history of India]]

Karan Thapar

2026-03-05T08:15:08Z

Qtree2009: refined intro further and fixed typos

{{Short description|Indian journalist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Karan Thapar
| image = Karan Thapar, Infotainment Television, Richter Frank-Jurgen (cropped).jpg
| caption = Thapar in 2019
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|11|05|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[Pembroke College, Cambridge|Pembroke College]], [[Cambridge University]] (B.A.) [[St Antony's College, Oxford|St. Antony's College, Oxford University]] (Ph.D.)
| spouse =
| occupation = [[Journalist]], [[News presenter]]
| employer = [[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]
| credits = ''Devil's Advocate'' ''India Tonight'' ''The Last Word'' Face to Face (BBC) Hardtalk India (BBC) To the Point
| father = [[Pran Nath Thapar]]
| relatives = [[Daya Ram Thapar]] (uncle) [[Romesh Thapar]] (cousin) [[Romila Thapar]] (cousin)
}}

'''Karan Thapar''' (born 5 November 1955) is an Indian journalist, [[news presenter]] and interviewer working with [[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]. Thapar was associated with [[CNN-IBN]] and hosted ''The Devil's Advocate'' and ''The Last Word''. Some of the celebrities he has interviewed included [[Jyoti Basu]], [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], [[Mamata Banerjee]], [[J. Jayalalithaa]], [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee]], [[Narendra Modi]] and [[Shah Rukh Khan]]. He was also associated with [[India Today (TV channel)|India Today]], hosted the shows ''To the Point'' and ''Nothing But The Truth'' and is doing an exclusive series of Interviews with ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]'' on his show the Interview with Karan Thapar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karan Thapar|url=https://thewire.in/author/karan-thapar|access-date=2020-10-20|website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/comment-the-two-faces-of-mr-modi/article6553304.ece The two faces of Mr. Modi]</ref>

==Early life and education==
Karan Thapar is the youngest child of former [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]] [[Pran Nath Thapar|General Pran Nath Thapar]] and Bimla Thapar. The late journalist [[Romesh Thapar]] was his cousin, and Thapar is also a cousin to historian [[Romila Thapar]].<ref>{{cite news|title=When the Devil's Advocate has the Last Word|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/when-the-devils-advocate-has-the-last-word/article4799504.ece|access-date=25 January 2016}}</ref>

Thapar is also related to the family of Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. Nehru's niece, the writer [[Nayantara Sahgal]], was married to Gautam Sahgal, brother of Bimla Thapar, his mother.<ref name="ThePrint">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Nandita |title=Why is Karan Thapar complaining? His dynasty holds a key to Lutyens' Delhi |url=https://theprint.in/lutyens-league/why-is-karan-thapar-complaining-his-dynasty-holds-a-key-to-lutyenss-delhi/87308/ |access-date=2 April 2019 |work=The Print |date=2 January 2019}}</ref>

Thapar is an alumnus of [[Doon school|The Doon School]] in [[Dehradun]] and [[Stowe School]] in England. While at Doon, Thapar was the editor-in-chief of the school magazine, ''[[The Doon School Weekly]]''.<ref>History of the Weekly, The Doon School publications (2009) p.41</ref>

Thapar graduated with a degree in Economics and Political Philosophy from [[Pembroke College, Cambridge|Pembroke College]], [[Cambridge University]], in 1977.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/the-man-who-lived-in-interesting-times-5323799/ | title=The man who lived in interesting times | date=25 August 2018 }}</ref> In the same year, he was also the president of the [[Cambridge Union]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-careers-karan-thapar-on-his-cambridge-experience/20110912.htm | title='Cambridge: A place where I had a bloody good time!' }}</ref> After which he obtained a doctorate in International Relations from [[St Antony's College, Oxford|St. Antony's College, Oxford University]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.alumni.cam.ac.uk/events/bombay-talk-by-karan-thapar | title=Bombay - Talk by Karan Thapar }}</ref>

==Career==
He began his career in journalism with ''[[The Times]]'' in [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]] and later worked as their Lead Writer on the Indian subcontinent till 1981. In 1982 he joined ''[[London Weekend Television]]'' in the [[United Kingdom]] where he worked for the next 11 years. In London he was one of the co-presenters of Eastern Eye magazine program for South Asian minorities in UK.<ref>{{cite news |title=Madhu Trehan interviews Karan Thapar on his book "Devil's advocate" |publisher=News laundry |date=30 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://asu.thehoot.org/research/books/glimpses-of-two-generals-and-a-prime-minister-10701 | title=Glimpses of two generals and a prime minister }}</ref> He moved to India in 1991 and worked with ''The Hindustan Times Television Group'', ''Home TV'' and ''United Television'' before setting up his own production house in August 2001, Infotainment Television, which makes programmes for amongst others [[BBC]], [[Miroshka]], [[Doordarshan]] and [[Channel News Asia]].<ref name=InfoTel />

Thapar is noted for his aggressive interviews with leading politicians and celebrities.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/role-reversal/article23186785.ece|title=Role reversal - At the launch of his latest book, Karan Thapar faced a volley of questions from Shashi Tharoor|last=Leekha|first=Parul|date=13 March 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-07-29|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> A few of his shows which have been much watched are ''Eyewitness'', ''Tonight at 10'', ''In Focus with Karan'', ''Line of Fire'', ''War of Words'', ''Devil's Advocate'' and ''The Last Word''.<ref name="InfoTel" /> In 2004, Thapar famously interviewed late former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[J. Jayalalithaa]]. It ended with Jayalalithaa snapping at him and tossing the mic on the table, saying that "it wasn't a pleasure talking to you" and chose to leave with a "Namaste" not responding to his handshake.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2016/12/08/when-jayalalithaa-poked-fun-at-karan-thapar|title=When Jayalalithaa poked fun at Karan Thapar|date=8 December 2016|work=News Laundry|access-date=2023-06-04|language=en-us}} </ref> In 2007, Thapar also famously interviewed current Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] (then the Chief Minister of [[Gujarat]]). A few minutes after the interview started, Thapar asked a few questions regarding the Modi administrations' actions during the [[2002 Gujarat riots]]. Modi abruptly stopped the interview just three minutes in<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thewire.in/books/narendra-modi-karan-thapar-interview|title=Why Modi Walked Out in 2007 and the BJP Now Shuns Me|last=Thapar|first=Karan|date=22 July 2018|work=The Wire|access-date=2020-05-22|language=en-IN}}</ref> while saying "''dosti bani rahe''" ([[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] for "Let [our] friendship remain [intact]") which became a popular [[internet meme]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-20|title=Dosti Bani Rahe|url=https://indianmemetemplates.com/dosti-bani-rahe/|access-date=2022-01-15|website=Indian Meme Templates|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Friendship Day: When Modi told Karan Thapar 'dosti bani rahe'|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/friendship-day-when-modi-told-karan-thapar-dosti-bani-rahe|access-date=2022-01-15|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-08|title=Why is Twitter flooded with memes after PM Modi's Pariksha Pe Charcha?|url=https://www.siasat.com/why-is-twitter-flooded-with-memes-after-pm-modis-pariksha-pe-charcha-2121621/|access-date=2022-01-15|website=The Siasat Daily|language=en-US|quote=a meme in reference to Modi’s infamous interview with Karan Thappar where he did not answer the ‘difficult questions’.}}</ref> He later said that interviewing [[A. R. Rahman]] was the toughest in his career due to Rahman's shy nature.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gautam |first1=Nishtha |title=Not Modi, AR Rahman Was Karan Thapar's Most Difficult Interviewee |url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/karan-thapar-interview-on-his-interactions-with-modi-bhutto-and-more#read-more |access-date=2022-08-31 |work=The Quint |issue=2018–07–26}}</ref>

In 2020–21, Thapar wrote a column ''As I see it'' in the daily newspaper ''[[The Asian Age]]''. In August 2021, the management of ''The Asian Age'' objected to Thapar's regular column after he wrote about the '1947 Violence Against Jammu Muslims'. The violence against the Muslim residents of Jammu during the partition led to their mass displacement from the Jammu region. Thapar stopped writing for the column and said,
<blockquote>The 1947 violence against Jammu's Muslims that unfolded over a period of three-four months in 1947 is well-documented and has been historically accounted for. It is something that no one can contest. So I gather that the owners are under enormous pressure, presumably from Mr. [[Narendra Modi|Modi]] and Mr. [[Amit Shah|Shah]].<ref name="Asian Age">{{cite news |title='Asian Age' Kills Karan Thapar Column After Mention of '1947 Violence Against Jammu Muslims' |url=https://thewire.in/media/partition-jammu-muslims-karan-thapar-asian-age |access-date=19 December 2021 |work=The Wire |date=25 August 2021}}</ref> </blockquote>

As of 2021, he is doing the regular show ''The Interview with Karan Thapar'' after joining [[The Wire (India)|''The Wire'']].<ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive News Stories by Karan Thapar on Current Affairs, Events at The Wire |url=https://thewire.in/author/karan-thapar |access-date=19 December 2021 |work=The Wire}}</ref><ref name="Asian Age" />

=== Assam Police Summons Controversy (2024) ===
In November 2024, Karan Thapar was issued a summons by the Assam Police’s Crime Branch under Section 152 of the [[Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023|Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita]], which pertains to acts “endangering the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.” The notice related to an interview published on [[The Wire (India)|''The Wire''’s]] YouTube channel, in which remarks made by a guest were alleged to have violated the provision.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Assam Crime Branch issues summons to journalists Siddharth Varadarajan, Karan Thapar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/assam-crime-branch-summons-journalists-siddharth-varadarajan-karan-thapar-10198763/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-20 |title=Indian police open 2 criminal probes into The Wire news outlet |url=https://cpj.org/2025/08/indian-police-open-2-criminal-probes-into-the-wire-news-outlet/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=Committee to Protect Journalists |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Awards and accolades==
* In 1995 Thapar won the Onida Pinnacle Award for Best Current Affairs Presenter for the programme, The Chat Show.<ref name=InfoTel>{{cite web|title=Karan Thapar - Infotainment Television|url=http://www.itv.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=10|publisher=Infotainment Television|access-date=25 April 2014}}</ref>
* In December 2003, Thapar became the first person to win both awards in the current affairs category of the [[Asian Television Awards]].{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}
* ''The Best Current Affairs Program'' for an interview with Pakistan's Foreign Minister, [[Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri|Khurshid Kasuri]] tilted ''Court Martial''{{Citation needed|date= June 2022}}
* Second award for 'The Best Current Affairs Presenter' for his popular long-running BBC series ''Face to Face''.{{Citation needed|date= June 2022}}
* 'Best Current Affairs Presenter' award for his interview with [[Ram Jethmalani]] on ''Devil's Advocate''{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}
* In 2008 his show ''Devil's Advocate'' was conferred 'Best News/Current Affairs Show' by News Television Awards & Karan Thapar was presented the award for 'News Interviewer of the Year' at Indian News Broadcasting Awards.{{Citation needed|date= June 2022}}
* In April 2009, Thapar was conferred with the [[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards|Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Award]] and was chosen the 'Journalist of the Year 2007 (Broadcast)'.<ref>{{cite news |title=Awards 2007 |url=https://rngfoundation.com/awards/pastawards/2007.html |access-date=5 May 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=13 April 2009 |language=en}}</ref>
* In August 2009 he was adjudged the "News Show Host of the Year" by Indian News Broadcasting Awards.{{Citation needed|date= June 2022}}
* In March 2010 Devil's Advocate was accorded an award for being the "Best News Talk Show" by News Television Awards.{{Citation needed|date= June 2022}}
* In December 2010 he was adjudged the 'Best Current Affairs Presenter' by [[Asian Television Awards]].{{Citation needed|date= June 2022}}
* In March 2011 ''Devil's Advocate'' was adjudged the "Best Current Affairs Programme" and Karan Thapar was declared the "TV News Anchor of the Year-English" by National Television Awards. In October 2013, Karan Thapar won journalism award.{{Citation needed|date= June 2022}}
* In December 2013, Karan Thapar received the International Press Institute-India Award for excellence in the field of journalism.<ref name=TH1>{{cite news|title=Karan Thapar wins journalism award|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karan-thapar-wins-journalism-award/article5210668.ece|access-date=25 April 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|date=7 October 2013}}</ref>

==Books==
* ''Face To Face India - Conversations With Karan Thapar'', Penguin, {{ISBN|0-14-303344-1}}
* ''Sunday Sentiments'', Wisdom Tree, {{ISBN|81-8328-023-4}}
* ''More Salt Than Pepper - Dropping Anchor With Karan Thapar'', HarperCollins, {{ISBN|978-81-7223-776-9}}
* ''Devil's Advocate: The Untold Story'', HarperCollins, {{ISBN|978-93-5277-985-7}}
*''As I Like It'', Wisdom Tree, {{ISBN|8-183-28466-3}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://thewire.in/author/karan-thapar Karan Thapar on ''The Wire'']
* [http://www.itv.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=10 Karan Thapar's Profile on Infotainment Television]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thapar, Karan}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:The Doon School alumni]]
[[Category:People educated at Stowe School]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Cambridge Union]]
[[Category:People from Srinagar]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Indian opinion journalists]]
[[Category:Indian male television journalists]]
[[Category:Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of St Antony's College, Oxford]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Journalists from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Hindustan Times journalists]]
[[Category:Thapar family (Pran Nath Thapar)|Karan Thapar]]

Gudur revenue division

2026-03-05T06:48:05Z

Qtree2009: cleanup layout additionally and improved wording to improve readability

{{Short description|Revenue division in Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{infobox settlement
| name = Gudur revenue division
| settlement_type =[[revenue division]] of [[Nellore district]]
| image_map = Tirupati district.png
| map_caption = Gudur revenue division in erstwhile Tirupati district
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in Andhra Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nellore district|SPSR Nellore]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Gudur]]
| utc_offset = +05:30
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Map image =
}}

'''Gudur revenue division''' is an [[administrative division]] in the [[Nellore district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is one of the four revenue divisions in Nellore district with three [[mandals]] under its administration. The divisional headquarters are located at [[Gudur]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Geographic Information|url=http://nellore.ap.nic.in/geography.htm|website=Official Website of Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore District|publisher=National Informatics Centre|access-date=20 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150131055726/http://nellore.ap.nic.in/geography.htm|archive-date=31 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Gudur_revenue_division_in_Nellore_district.png|thumb|Gudur revenue division during 2013–2022 when it was part of [[Nellore district]]]]
As of [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]], Gudur revenue division comprised 15 mandals: Balayapalle, [[Chillakur mandal|Chillakur]], [[Chittamur mandal|Chittamur]], [[Dakkili mandal|Dakkili]], [[Doravarisatram mandal|Doravarisatram]], [[Gudur mandal, Tirupati district|Gudur]], [[Kota mandal|Kota]], Manubolu, Naidupet, Ojili, Pellakur, [[Sullurpeta mandal|Sullurpeta]], [[Tada mandal|Tada]], [[Vakadu mandal|Vakadu]] and [[Venkatagiri mandal|Venkatagiri]].<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s39c82c7143c102b71c593d98d96093fde/uploads/2019/08/2019080553.pdf |title=District Census Handbook Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore |date=2011 |page=25 |access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> In 2013, the six mandals of the division, namely, [[Doravarisatram mandal|Doravarisatram]], [[Naidupeta mandal|Naidupeta]], [[Ojili]], [[Pellakur]], [[Sullurpeta mandal|Sullurupeta]] and [[Tada mandal|Tada]] were transferred to the [[Naidupeta revenue division]].<ref name="mandals">{{cite news |date=25 June 2013 |title=New revenue divisions formed in Nellore district |work=The Hindu |location=Nellore |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/new-revenue-divisions-formed-in-nellore-district/article4848109.ece |access-date=20 February 2016}}</ref>

==Administration==

The division was reorganized with 3 mandals effective from 31 December 2025: [[Chillakur mandal|Chillakur]], [[Gudur mandal, Tirupati district|Gudur]] and [[Kota mandal|Kota]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2022 |title=New AP Map: Check Out Biggest and Smallest Districts in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/andhrapradesh/heres-how-new-ap-map-looks-after-districts-reorganization-153041 |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=[[Sakshi Post]] |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh]]
*[[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nellore district|collapsed=true}}

[[Category:Revenue divisions in Nellore district]]

Yamajathakudu

2026-03-05T02:47:01Z

Qtree2009: Starting page

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yamajathakudu
| image =
| caption =
| story = [[Paruchuri Brothers]]
| screenplay = [[N. Shankar]]
| producer = [[Mohan Babu]]
{{Infobox
| decat = yes
| child = yes
| label1= Dialogue by
| data1 = Paruchuri Brothers
}}
| director = [[N. Shankar]]
| starring = [[Mohan Babu]] [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] [[Sakshi Shivanand]]
| music = [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| editing = Gautham Raju
| cinematography = [[A. Vincent]] [[Ajayan Vincent]]
| studio = [[Sri Lakshmi Prasanna Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1999|3|5}}
| runtime = 146 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Yamajathakudu''''' is a 1999 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu-language]] [[fantasy comedy]] film, produced by [[Mohan Babu]] under his [[Sree Lakshmi Prasanna Pictures]] banner and directed by [[N. Shankar]]. It stars [[Mohan Babu]], [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], and [[Sakshi Shivanand]] with music by [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]. Despite releasing to positive reviews, the film was a box office failure.

== Plot ==
The film begins with a materialistic advocate, Sivaji, who falsifies the judiciary, succeeding in the phony cases for money. He is a tomcat, too, and dotes on his niece, Chintu. Once, he takes up a case of rape & murder convict Srinath, son of [[Member of Parliament|MP]] Narsingh. Sivaji wangles and incriminates the driver, Babji, therein. After a while, Sivaji becomes acquainted with & genuinely loves a charming girl named Sirisha when he reforms and quits his past life. During their engagement, Sirisha's housekeeper, Ramulamma, none other than Babji's mother, curses Sivaji. Thus, he pledges to acquit Babji as non-guilty and new trials. Whereat, malicious Narsingh & Srinath slaughter Sivaji, and he sets foot in hell. It is time for the latest [[Yama]] crowning ceremony. Consequently, Sivaji's wit arises in agony when he finds his lifespan is 11 days longer. So, Yama retrieves him with an agent, Puthana, to conceal.

Following this, Sivaji is on the verge of triumphing when the heels hit back. In the combat, Chintu loses her eyesight. Then Ramulamma bestows her own by self-sacrifice. Meanwhile, the wedding arrangements of Sivaji & Sirisha are in progress at Tirumala. Hereupon, Shivaji opts to bar it because of his short lifespan. So, he makes a play with his ex-girlfriend Swarna when Putana also aids him in developing loath in Sirisha. Yama notices it and lands on the earth when he inadvertently unveils Sirisha's horoscope, which shows her spouse has longevity. Accordingly, Sivaji rushes towards Tirumala, and Yama chases him. However, he steps into Tirumala, though blackguards block his way by ceasing them. At last, Shivaji ties the knot, ''Mangalasturam,'' to Sirisha before Yama's whip, ''Yama Pasam,'' locks him. Finally, the movie ends happily, with [[Venkateswara]] and Yama blessing the newly wedded couple.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Mohan Babu]] as Sivaji
*[[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as [[Yama]]
*[[Sakshi Shivanand]] as Sirisha
*Chandni as Swarna
*[[Saadhika Randhawa|Sadhika]] as Puthana
*[[Srihari (actor)|Srihari]] as Srinath
*[[Brahmanandam]] as Pittapuram
*[[Sudhakar (Telugu actor)|Sudhakar]] as Pichaiah
*[[Tanikella Bharani]] as M. P. Narasimham
*[[Chalapathi Rao]] as [[Yama|Pedda Yama]]
*[[M. S. Narayana]] as [[Chitragupta]]
*[[AVS (actor)|A.V.S.]] as [[Chitragupta|Vichitra Gupta]]
*[[Paruchuri Brothers|Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao]] as DSP Chandrakanth
*[[Paruchuri Gopala Krishna]]
*[[Raghunatha Reddy]] as Judge
*Naveen as Babji
*[[Venu Madhav (actor)|Venu Madhav]]
*[[Gundu Hanumantha Rao]]
*[[Ironleg Sastri]]
*[[Duvvasi Mohan]]
*[[Rani (Tamil actress)|Raksha]] as Nirajaveni
*Siva Parvathi as Manimala Devi
*Alapati Lakshmi as Ramulamma
*Dubbing Janaki as Sirisha's mother
*Baby Niharika as Chintu<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2021 |title=Mahesh Babu Okkadu sister: 'ఒక్కడు' సినిమాలో మహేష్ బాబు చెల్లెలు ఇప్పుడెలా ఉంది.. ఏం చేస్తుంది..? [How is Mahesh Babu's sister in ''Okkadu'' now? What is she doing?] |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/interesting-details-about-mahesh-babu-sister-baby-niharika-in-okkadu-movie-pk-780316.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240306023315/https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/interesting-details-about-mahesh-babu-sister-baby-niharika-in-okkadu-movie-pk-780316.html |archive-date=6 March 2024 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=te}}</ref>
*[[Monica Bedi]] as an [[item number]] in "Ding Dong Dili"
*[[N. T. Rama Rao]] as [[Venkateswara]] (archival footage)
{{colend}}

== Production ==
This film marks the second collaboration between [[Mohan Babu]] and [[Sakshi Sivanand]] after ''Collector Garu'' (1997).<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2000 |title=దీప్తిని దువ్వుతున్న మోహన్ బాబు |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/2000/Dec/29-Dec-2000.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111005038/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/2000/Dec/29-Dec-2000.pdf |archive-date=11 November 2022 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=[[Zamin Ryot]] |language=te}}</ref> A set of [[Naraka (Hinduism)|Yamalokam]] costing 40 lakh rupees was built at [[Annapurna Studios]] for the film around fifteen days by more than 150 artists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andhraonline.com/archives/tollywood/long31.htm|title=Hell on earth!|website=Andhra Online|access-date=18 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991009052615/http://www.andhraonline.com/archives/tollywood/long31.htm|archive-date=9 October 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/screen/nov27/index.htm|title=Yamajathakudu: Will the yamalok magic work again?|website=Express India|access-date=26 August 2025|date=27 November 1998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000425050222/http://www.expressindia.com/screen/nov27/index.htm|archive-date=25 April 2000}}</ref> [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] plays a junior version of [[Yama]] and [[Chalapathi Rao]] plays his father.<ref name="Z">{{Cite web |date=20 November 1998 |title=జూనియర్ యమునిగా రాజేంద్ర ప్రసాద్ |trans-title=Rajendra Prasad as Junior Yama |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1998/Nov/20-Nov-1998.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111010732/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1998/Nov/20-Nov-1998.pdf |archive-date=11 November 2022 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=[[Zamin Ryot]] |language=te}}</ref> Three days into the film's shoot, [[Sakshi Shivanand]] complained that [[Mohan Babu]] had tried to visit her hotel room and try to rape her. Mohan Babu got angry and put his hand on her. After she threatened to complain to the police, [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] intervened and the shoot was completed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2022 |title=Mohan Babu : అప్ప‌ట్లో స్టార్ హీరోయిన్ పై మోహ‌న్ బాబు అత్యాచార య‌త్నం చేశారా ? అస‌లు ఏం జ‌రిగింది ? |trans-title=Mohan Babu: Did Mohan Babu attempt to rape the star heroine at that time? What actually happened? |url=https://indiadailylive.com/entertainment/yama-jathakudu-movie-interesting-facts-about-mohan-babu.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729075029/https://indiadailylive.com/entertainment/yama-jathakudu-movie-interesting-facts-about-mohan-babu.html |archive-date=29 July 2022 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=India Daily Live |language=te}}</ref> An action scene was canned at [[Mahabaleshwar]] with [[Mohan Babu]] doing the stunts himself although [[N. Shankar]] advised him to use a dupe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/dec25/south.htm|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070516034902/http://www.screenindia.com/dec25/south.htm|archive-date = 16 May 2007|title=Yama Jathakudu: Schedule at Mahabaleshwar|work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]|date=25 December 1998|access-date=20 October 2024}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Yamajathakudu
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| cover = blank
| alt =
| released = 1999
| recorded = 1999
| venue =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 29:16
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = Supreme Music
| producer = [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| prev_title = ''[[Swayamvaram (1999 film)|Swayamvaram]]''
| prev_year = 1999
| next_title = ''[[Swapnalokam]]''
| next_year = 1999
}}

The music was composed by [[Vandemataram Srinivas]] and was released on Supreme Audio Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yamajathakudu(1999) |url=http://www.cineradham.com/newsongs/song.php?movieid=1201 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603040429/http://www.cineradham.com/newsongs/song.php?movieid=1201 |archive-date=3 June 2016 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Cineradham}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yama Jathakudu |url=https://wynk.in/music/album/yama-jathakudu/am_A10400DAMTEFA1055O |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240306023310/https://wynk.in/music/album/yama-jathakudu/am_A10400DAMTEFA1055O#install-app |archive-date=6 March 2024 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Wynk Music}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 29:16
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Ding Dong Delhi Paparo
| lyrics1 = [[Bhuvana Chandra]]
| extra1 = [[Sukhwinder Singh]], [[Sapna Awasthi]]
| length1 = 4:47
| title2 = Evaro Aa Sundari
| lyrics2 = [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| extra2 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| length2 = 4:37
| title3 = Nee Chevulaki
| lyrics3 = Bhuvana Chandra
| extra3 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Swarnalatha]]
| length3 = 4:53
| title4 = Hey Sanga
| lyrics4 = [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| extra4 = [[Udit Narayan]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=పాటకు 30వేలు [30 thousand per song] |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1999/Mar/5-mar-1999.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913153353/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1999/Mar/5-mar-1999.pdf |archive-date=13 September 2016 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=[[Zamin Ryot]] |language=te}}</ref> Swarnalatha
| length4 = 4:48
| title5 = Vandhanalu Vandhanalu
| lyrics5 = Suddala Ashok Teja
| extra5 = Sukhwinder Singh
| length5 = 4:39
| title6 = Navvalamma Navvali
| lyrics6 = Suddala Ashok Teja
| extra6 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]
| length6 = 5:32
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Zamin Ryot]]'' wrote that "The film is entertaining" and added that "The director has worked hard to make all the characters entertaining".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gopalrao |first=Griddaluru |date=16 March 1999 |title=నవ్వుల రేడు యమజాతకుడు కా |trans-title=''Yamajathakudu'' is the king of laughter |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1999/Mar/19-mar-1999.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913133909/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1999/Mar/19-mar-1999.pdf |archive-date=13 September 2016 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=[[Zamin Ryot]] |pages=15,17 |language=te}}</ref> A critic from ''Andhra Today'' wrote that "Lack of proper theme, impedes the director, leaving the film as a mediocre one".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20020329133025/http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/yjkudu.htm</ref>

== Box office ==
The film was a box office failure, and [[Mohan Babu]] sold his house in [[Banjara Hills]] to compensate for the losses.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhaskar |date=19 March 2023 |title=Mohan Babu: కష్టాల్లో ఉన్నప్పుడు ఎవరూ ఆదుకోలేదు: ఇల్లు అమ్ముకున్నాను: మోహన్ బాబు కామెంట్స్ |trans-title=Mohan Babu: No one helped me when I was in trouble: I sold my house: Mohan Babu comments |url=https://oktelugu.com/no-one-helped-me-when-i-was-in-trouble-i-sold-my-house-mohan-babu-comments/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321044837/https://oktelugu.com/no-one-helped-me-when-i-was-in-trouble-i-sold-my-house-mohan-babu-comments/ |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Oktelugu |language=Te}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|0484010}}

[[Category:1990s fantasy comedy films]]
[[Category:1999 Indian films]]
[[Category:1999 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by N. Shankar]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy comedy films]]

Ardhangi

2026-03-03T20:45:10Z

Qtree2009: cleanup references for clarity and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ardhangi
| image = Ardhangi.JPG
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| screenplay = [[Acharya Aatreya]]
| story = Manilal Banerjee
| director = [[P. Pullayya]]
| based_on = {{Based on|''Swayamsiddha'' (novel)|Manilal Banerjee}}
| starring = [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] [[Santha Kumari]] [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]]
| music = [[Master Venu]] B. Narasimha Rao
| cinematography = Madhav Bulbule
| editing = B. Narasimha Rao Sri Raamulu
| studio = Ragini Pictures
| distributor = Rajasri Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1955|1|26}}
| runtime = 152 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Ardhangi''''' ({{translation|Other half}}) is a 1955 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[drama (film and television)|drama film]], produced and directed by [[P. Pullayya]] under the Ragini Pictures banner. It stars [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[Santha Kumari]], and [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]]. Music is composed by [[Master Venu]] and B. Narasimha Rao. [[Acharya Aatreya]] scripted the film based on Maddipatla Suri's Telugu translation of the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] novel ''Swayamsidda'' written by Manilal Banerjee. The film was successful at the box office. It received the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu]] and the [[Filmfare Award for Best Film - Telugu]].<ref name="3rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/3rd_nff_1956.pdf |title=3rd National Film Awards |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |access-date=1 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105232134/http://dff.nic.in/2011/3rd_nff_1956.pdf |archive-date=5 November 2013 }}</ref> The film was remade in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Pennin Perumai]]'' and in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Bahurani (1963 film)|Bahurani]]'' (1963).<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Narasimham|first=M. L.|date=2014-06-06|title=Ardhangi (1955)|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/ardhangi-1955/article6086551.ece|access-date=2021-08-15}}</ref>

==Plot==
[[Zamindar]] Bhujanga Rao has two sons: Raghavendra / Raghu & Nagendra / Naagu. Raghu is the mentally challenged son of Zamindar from his first wife. After the death of his wife, Zamidar remarries vainglory Rajeswari and Nagendra is their son. Due to the mollycoddling of his mother, Naagu turns into a narcissist, and he mercilessly flogs his sibling. Once Naagu visits their village, he tyrannizes the peasants, when intrepid Padmavati / Padma impedes his slave-driving attitude. Listening to this, Zamindar walks to Padma, declares her the right choice for Naagu's amendment, and fixes the alliance. However, Rajeswari & Naagu vetoed it. Thus, to uphold his prestige, Zamindar gets Padma married with Raghu. At the last moment, the truth comes out about Raghu's condition but Padma accepts him, as a woman of virtue. From there, she becomes aware of Rajeswari & Naagu's savagery to Raghu and shows defiance. Parallelly, it is made known that the old maid in the household who acted as a foster mother to Raghu by raising him, unknowingly gave him opium in his childhood leading to his mental condition. Doctor says he can be cured but Nagu sways him with money to not treat Raghu. Following this, Padma, with austerity and tenacity, molds her husband into a civilized person.

Zamindar is amazed after seeing this change and entrusts Raghu with the family tasks, which begrudge Naagu. So, he menaces his father for his share, which Rajeswari also bolsters. Tragically, Zamindar dies in that mishap by falling down a flight of stairs. Before leaving his breath, he consigns totality to Raghu. Hereupon, Rajeswari is pissed off and about to quit. Thus, Raghu surrenders all assets to her and shifts to their village with Padma. After that, Naagu burns cash for his vices and puppets his mother. Plus, he fits his paramour Neelaveni & her family at home, which Rajeswari goes against. Naagu seizes her authority, and she receives a slap from him. Naagu also pesters the farmers for the lease arrears, and they bestow it to Raghu, avowing him as proprietor. Being conscious of it, outraged Naagu heads to the village to shoot his brother. Parallelly, Raghu reaches Rajeswari and hands over the amount to her. At this, she realizes her mistake, pleads pardon, and accompanies him. On the other hand, Naagu starts raging on the farmers when Raghu arrives and drops the money before him. Forthwith, enraged Rajeswari is about to hit Naagu, which Padma hinders. At last, remorseful, Naagu reforms seeing the integrity of Raghu & Padma. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the family's reunion.

==Cast==
* [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] as Raghunatha Rao / Raghu
* [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] as Padmavati
* [[Santha Kumari]] as Rajeswari Devi
* [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] as Zamindar Bhujangarao
* [[Jaggayya]] as Nagendra Rao / Nagu
* Surabhi Balasaraswathi as Neelaveni
* [[Chadalavada Kutumba Rao|Chadalavada]] as Bheemudu
* [[Nagabhushanam (actor)|Nagabhushanam]] as Veeraiah
* Dr. Sivaramakrishnaiah as Appula Sivakamaiah
* Dr. Kamaraju as Diwanji Kakkaiah
* Doraiswamy as Bhushaiah
* B. Narasimha Rao as Musalaiah

== Production ==
[[P. Pullaiah|P. Pullayya]] originally wanted [[N. T. Rama Rao]] to play the mentally disabled Raghu and [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] as Raghu's half-brother Nagu. Nageswara Rao felt the negative role would not suit him, and was later cast as Raghu, which he preferred as he considered it "more challenging". The role of Nagu ultimately went to [[Jaggayya]]. Pullayya cast Gummadi as the zamindar Bhujangarao at the suggestion of film producer T. V. S. Sastri.<ref name=":0" />

==Soundtrack==
Music composed by [[Master Venu]] & B. Narasimha Rao. Lyrics were written by [[Acharya Aatreya]].
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!S. No.!!Song title !!Singers !!length
|-
|1
|"Intiki Deepam Illale"
|Akula Narasimha Rao
|2:39
|-
|2
|"Ekkadamma Chandrudu"
|[[Jikki]]
|2:37
|-
|3
|"Pelli Muhurtham Kudirindha"
|[[P. Leela]]
|2:40
|-
|4
|"Edche Vallani Edavani"
|P. Leela
|3:35
|-
|5
|"Radhanu Rammannadu"
|Akula Narasimha Rao
|2:16
|-
|6
|"Raka Raka Vachavu"
|Jikki
|1:57
|-
|7
|"Vaddura Kannayya"
|Jikki
|1:58
|-
|8
|"Tharalirava"
|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|2:09
|}

==Box office==
The film ran for more than 100 days in 5 centers in Andhra Pradesh.<ref>[http://www.idlebrain.com/trade/records/anr100days.html ANR's 100 days films list at Idlebrain.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121226174052/http://www.idlebrain.com/trade/records/anr100days.html |date=26 December 2012 }}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[3rd National Film Awards|1955]] - [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu]] - Certificate of Merit<ref name="3rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/3rd_nff_1956.pdf |title=3rd National Film Awards |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |access-date=1 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105232134/http://dff.nic.in/2011/3rd_nff_1956.pdf |archive-date=5 November 2013 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0255807|Ardhangi}}

{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Telugu}}
{{Filmfare Best Telugu Film}}

[[Category:1955 films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:1955 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1955 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by P. Pullayya]]
[[Category:Films about intellectual disabilities]]
[[Category:Developmental disabilities]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1955 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Master Venu]]
[[Category:Films scored by B. Narasimha Rao]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films about mental disorders]]
[[Category:Films about disability in India]]

Love OTP

2026-03-03T12:14:08Z

Qtree2009: Made first info more to come.

{{Short description|2025 Indian film by Aniissh Tejeshwar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Love OTP
| image = Love OTP.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Kannada theatrical release poster
| director = [[Aniissh Tejeshwar]]
| producer = Vijay M Reddy
| writer = Aniissh Tejeshwar
| starring = {{plain list|
* Aniissh Tejeshwar
* [[Rajeev Kanakala]]
* [[Swaroopinii]]
* Jahnvika Kalakeri
}}
| music = Anand Rajavikram
| cinematography = Harsha Vardhan K
| editing = Sharath Kumar
| studio = Bhavaprita Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|11|14}}
| runtime =
| language = {{plain list|
* Kannada
* Telugu
}}
| country = India
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Love OTP''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Romance film|romantic]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film written and directed by [[Aniissh Tejeshwar]], who also plays the lead role alongside [[Rajeev Kanakala]], [[Swaroopinii]] and Jahnvika Kalakeri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2025-11-13 |title=No love, no pressure; only purpose: Aniissh |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2025/Nov/13/no-love-no-pressure-only-purpose-aniissh |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> Produced by Vijay M Reddy under Bhavaprita Productions, the film explores modern relationships and emotional boundaries.

[[Multiple-language version|Shot simultaneously]] in [[Kannada]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] languages,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Love OTP on Friday |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/love-otp-on-friday/articleshow/125262930.cms |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2025-11-10 |title='Love OTP will serve as a double treat' |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2025/Nov/10/love-otp-will-serve-as-a-double-treat |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2025-02-18 |title=Love OTP will be shot in both Kannada and Telugu: Aniissh |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2025/Feb/18/love-otp-will-be-shot-in-both-kannada-and-telugu-aniissh |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> the film was released on 14 November 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-11-14 |title=Aniissh Tejeshwar juggles love, laughter and dual roles in Love OTP |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/aniissh-tejeshwar-juggles-love-laughter-and-dual-roles-in-love-otp/articleshow/125297385.cms |access-date=2025-11-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Despite positive reviews, the film faced low theater attendance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/love-otp-aniisshs-film-gets-career-best-reviews-but-no-takers-in-theatres/36935ecfe3870|title=Love OTP: Aniissh's film gets career-best reviews, but no takers in theatres|work=OTT Play|date=16 November 2025}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Akshay "Akki" (Aniissh Tejeshwar) is an aspiring cricketer whose life is caught between personal dreams and family expectations, especially under the stern discipline of his father, Shankar (Rajeev Kanakala). His romantic journey begins with Sana (Swaroopinii), whose deep attachment and growing insecurity turn their relationship increasingly suffocating. Akshay feels trapped, torn between loyalty and the need for emotional space. Amid this turmoil, he meets Nakshathra (Jahnvika Kalakeri), a calm physiotherapist for his cricket team, whose presence brings clarity and warmth. As Akshay navigates Sana’s obsessive behaviour, his budding feelings for Nakshathra, and the pressure to succeed in cricket, he confronts questions of love, boundaries, and responsibility. The film explores modern relationships, highlighting how affection can tip into control and how self-awareness leads to healthier choices.

== Cast ==
* [[Aniissh Tejeshwar]] as Akshay "Akki"
* [[Rajeev Kanakala]] as R. Shankar, Akshay's father
* [[Swaroopinii]] as Sana
* Jahnvika Kalakeri as Nakshathra
* Pramodini as Akshay's mother
* Natya Ranga as Varun
* Chetan Gandharva as Harsha, Sana's brother
* Ravi Bhat
* [[Tulasi (actress)|Tulasi]]
* Annapoorna

== Music ==
The background score and songs were composed by Anand Rajavikram.

{{Tracklist
| headline = Kannada track listing
| total_length =
| all_lyrics = Nagarjun Sharma
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Dhruvathare
| extra1 = [[Shashaa Tirupati]]
| length1 = 3:47
| title2 = Yo Yo
| extra2 = [[Aniissh Tejeshwar]], [[Rajeev Kanakala]]
| length2 = 3:05
| title3 = Nanne Bedava
| extra3 = Srilakshmi Belmannu
| length3 = 2:54
}}

{{Tracklist
| headline = Telugu track listing
| total_length =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Vanamali
| extra1 = Shashaa Tirupati
| length1 = 3:47
| lyrics1 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| title2 = Yo Yo
| extra2 = [[Aniissh Tejeshwar]], [[Rajeev Kanakala]]
| length2 = 3:05
| lyrics2 = Dinesh Kakkerla
| title3 = Nannae Kaadhanaa
| extra3 = Srilakshmi Belmannu
| length3 = 2:54
| lyrics3 = Battu Vijay Kumar
}}

==Release and reception==
''Love OTP'' was released on 14 November 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-13 |title=South OTT And Theatrical Releases This Friday: Dude, Inspection Bungalow, Kaantha, Love OTP And More |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/south-cinema/south-ott-and-theatrical-releases-this-friday-dude-inspection-bungalow-kaantha-love-otp-and-more |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref>

A Sharadhaa of [[The New Indian Express|''The New Indian Express'']] gave a rating of 3.5 out of 5 and opined that, "''Love OTP'' reflects the young love felt by anyone navigating desire, ambition, and responsibility".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2025-11-15 |title=Love OTP Movie Review: Aniissh hits it out of the park in this high-stakes love game |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2025/Nov/15/kannadareview2025nov14love-otp-movie-review-aniissh-hits-it-out-of-the-park-in-this-high-stakes-love-game |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Suhas Sistu of [[The Hans India|''The Hans India'']] rated it 3 out of 5 and stated "''Love OTP'' lands as a partially engaging youthful drama with enjoyable moments but falls short of becoming a standout romantic entertainer".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2025-11-14 |title=Love OTP: A youthful romantic drama that charms |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/love-otp-a-youthful-romantic-drama-that-charms-1023333 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> Sanjay Ponnappa of [[India Today|''India Today'']] gave the same rating and opined that the story is "relatable" while writing that, "''Love OTP'' is a film that tries to balance entertainment with a message about the darker side of love".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ponnappa |first=Sanjay |date=2025-11-13 |title=Love OTP review: Aniish crafts relatable tale mixing humour, love, and toxicity |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/love-otp-review-aniish-crafts-a-relatable-tale-mixing-humour-love-and-toxicity-2818457-2025-11-13 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|35852307|Love OTP}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2025 romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Kannada-language comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]

Kandathum Kanathathum

2026-03-03T03:26:09Z

Qtree2009: created a article added tags - done

{{Short description|2012 Indian film by Seelan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kandathum Kanathathum
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = Seelan
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Sankaranarayanan S. S. Indhu
| starring = Vikash [[Swasika]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Vinci Baski
| editing = B. S. Vasu
| music = VA Charlie
| studio = Sankara Pandiyan Films
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|5|18}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Kandathum Kanathathum''''' ({{translation|Seen and unseen}}) is a 2012 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by Seelan and starring Vikash and [[Swasika]].

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*Vikash as Mukil
*[[Swasika]] as Kavitha
*Nisha
*[[R. Sundarrajan]]
*[[Bava Lakshmanan]]
*[[Soori (actor)|Soori]]
*Jayakala Prabhakar
*Diya
*Karate Venkatesh
*Madurai Vinayagam
*Bans
}}

==Soundtrack ==
Music by VA Charlie.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=28 April 2012 |title=Audio Beat: Kandathum Kanathathum |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/audio-beat-kandathum-kanathathum/article3364384.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
*"Murra Murra" - [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] (written by Vaseekaran)
*"Idhu Yennada Mayam" - [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]] (written by Tamilamuthan)
*"Asku Pusku" - Anitha (written by Tamilamuthan)
*"Kannae Yen Kannae" (written by Nanthalala)
*"Manasukkullae Maatram" - Krithika Surjit
*"Theme"

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "The only positive thing that can be said about this film is that it is well under two hours, and thank God for that".<ref>{{Cite web |title=KANDADHUM KANADHADHUM MOVIE REVIEW |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kandadhum-kanadhadhum/movie-review/13248360.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that "the inexperience of the debutant maker and his inability to lend conviction to crucial scenes in the plot comes as a stumbling block".<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2012 |title=Kandathum Kanathathum |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2012/may/19/kandathum-kanathathum-369341.html |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2012 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2012 Indian films]]

PM Narendra Modi (film)

2026-03-02T10:10:54Z

Qtree2009: new

{{short description|2019 Indian propaganda film}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = PM Narendra Modi
| image = PM Narendra Modi movie poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Omung Kumar]]
| writer = {{ubl|'''Dialogues:'''|Anirudh Chawla|[[Vivek Oberoi]]|[[Haarsh Limbachiyaa]]}}
| screenplay = {{ubl|Anirudh Chawla|Vivek Oberoi}}
| story = [[Sandip Singh]]
| starring = Vivek Oberoi [[Zarina Wahab]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Sunita Radia
| editing = Sanjay Sankla
| music = {{ubl|'''Songs:'''|Shashi-Khuhi|[[Hitesh Modak]]|'''Score:'''|Hitesh Modak}}
| studio = {{ubl|Legend Global Studio|Anand Pandit Motion Pictures}}
| distributor = {{ubl|[[Panorama Studios]]|Anand Pandit Motion Pictures}}<ref>{{cite tweet|user=taran_adarsh| author=Taran Adarsh|date=26 March 2019|number = 1110435071838740480 |title=After backing the biopic as producer, Anand Pandit has acquired all-India distribution rights of #PMNarendraModi along with Panorama Studios.}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2019|5|24|ref1=<ref name="reldate">{{cite tweet|user=taran_adarsh| author=Taran Adarsh|date=3 May 2019|number = 1124153839345496069 |title=New release date for #PMNarendraModi... Will now release on 24 May 2019, after the Lok Sabha election results, according to a statement issued by the producers... Stars Vivek Anand Oberoi in title role... Directed by Omung Kumar.}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 136 minutes<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/pm-narendra-modi-2019|title=PM Narendra Modi|publisher=British Board of Film Classification|access-date=14 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414002752/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/pm-narendra-modi-2019|archive-date=14 April 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = ₹8 [[crore]]<ref name=dnaindia2753532>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-box-office-report-india-s-most-wanted-pm-narendra-modi-receive-poor-opening-aladdin-beats-both-bollywood-movies-2753532/amp|title=Box Office Report: 'India's Most Wanted', 'PM Narendra Modi' receive poor opening; 'Aladdin' beats both Bollywood movies|website =DNA|date=25 May 2019|access-date=25 May 2019}}</ref>
| gross = ₹2.51 [[crores]]
}}

'''''PM Narendra Modi''''' is a 2019 Indian [[Hindi cinema|Hindi-language]] [[propaganda film]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=Sayandeb |title=Bollywood's Propaganda Wheels Have Been Set in Motion |url=https://www.epw.in/engage/article/bollywoods-propaganda-wheels-have-been-set-motion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522171925/https://www.epw.in/engage/article/bollywoods-propaganda-wheels-have-been-set-motion |archive-date=22 May 2019 |website=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=23 May 2019 |title=What the ‘PM Narendra Modi’ trailer tells us about Bollywood, politics and propaganda |url=https://scroll.in/reel/917454/what-the-pm-narendra-modi-trailer-tells-us-about-bollywood-politics-and-propaganda |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403054252/https://scroll.in/reel/917454/what-the-pm-narendra-modi-trailer-tells-us-about-bollywood-politics-and-propaganda |archive-date=3 April 2019 |website=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref> It was directed by [[Omung Kumar]], written by Anirudh Chawla and [[Vivek Oberoi]], and produced under the banner of Legend Studios. The film is a [[hagiography]] of [[Narendra Modi]], the [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister of India]] since 2014.<ref name="indianexpress5745742" /><ref name="thehindu27235458" /> Its original release schedule on the opening day of the [[2019 Indian general election]] caused significant backlash, leading to the film being banned by the [[Election Commission of India]] (ECI) for the duration of the general election. It was only released after the election's conclusion, receiving overwhelmingly negative reviews by critics.

== Plot ==
[[Narendra Modi]] begins his life as a poor tea seller. He leaves his home at a young age to become a ''[[Sannyasa|Sanyasi]]'' in the [[Himalayas]]. After his journey, he returns to [[Gujarat]] and joins the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS). After fighting against the [[The Emergency (India)|State of Emergency]] by [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]], Modi is assigned to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) by the RSS in 1980.

Modi is portrayed as struggling with on-the-ground works in many areas of Gujarat yet working hard to help people and gain their support. The BJP wins the [[1998 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] and [[Keshubhai Patel]] becomes the [[Chief Minister of Gujarat|state's chief minister]]. Modi is subsequently transferred to New Delhi for groundwork. He returns to Gujarat from Delhi in 2001, just a month before the events of the [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]]. He replaces Patel from his position and is chosen as the chief ministerial candidate for the next Gujarat Legislative Assembly election.

The [[2002 Gujarat violence]] is portrayed as an attempt to destabilise his government, shortly before Modi wins the [[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]. The United States, among other countries, denying him visa entry following the violence is portrayed as a [[Conspiracy theory|conspiracy]] in covert alignment with the political opposition.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Stutee |date=24 May 2019 |title=PM Narendra Modi Review: A ‘Jumla’ With a Weak Screenplay |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/bollywood/movie-review-pm-narendra-modi-biopic-vivek-oberoi#read-more |website=[[The Quint]]}}</ref> The film ends with Modi leading the BJP to a victory in the [[2014 Indian general election]] and being elected as the prime minister.

== Cast ==
{{div col}}
* [[Vivek Oberoi]] as [[Narendra Modi]]
* [[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]] as [[Amit Shah]]<ref name=indiatimes67422379>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/vivek-oberois-first-look-as-pm-modi-revealed-cm-fadnavis-says-film-will-create-history/articleshow/67422379.cms|title=Vivek Oberoi's first look as PM Modi revealed; CM Fadnavis says film will create history|date=7 January 2019|work=The Economic Times|access-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107233435/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/vivek-oberois-first-look-as-pm-modi-revealed-cm-fadnavis-says-film-will-create-history/articleshow/67422379.cms|archive-date=7 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=news181994449>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/pm-narendra-modi-poster-vivek-oberoi-is-unrecognisable-in-this-biopic-1994449.html|title=PM Narendra Modi Poster: Vivek Oberoi is Unrecognisable in This Biopic|website=News18|date=7 January 2019 |access-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107233029/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/pm-narendra-modi-poster-vivek-oberoi-is-unrecognisable-in-this-biopic-1994449.html|archive-date=7 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=timesnownews339599>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/article/after-the-accidental-prime-minister-a-film-on-pm-narendra-modi-to-go-on-floors-with-vivek-oberoi-in-the-lead/339599|title=After The Accidental Prime Minister, a film on PM Narendra Modi to go on floors with Vivek Oberoi in the lead? {{!}} Entertainment News|website=www.timesnownews.com|date=31 December 2018 |access-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102193333/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/article/after-the-accidental-prime-minister-a-film-on-pm-narendra-modi-to-go-on-floors-with-vivek-oberoi-in-the-lead/339599|archive-date=2 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Sheila Gore as [[Sonia Gandhi]]
* Akshat R Saluja as [[Joshi]] Chief Minister Modi's PA
* [[Darshan Kumar]] as Corrupt News Reporter
*Navneet Gairola as [[Officer on Special Duty|OSD]] to PM
* [[Boman Irani]] as [[Ratan Tata]]
* [[Barkha Sengupta]] as [[Jashodaben Modi]]
* [[Aanjjan Srivastav]] as [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
* [[Zarina Wahab]] as [[Hiraben Modi]]
* [[Suresh Oberoi]] as Swami Dayanand Giri, Narendra Modi's Guru in the [[Himalayas]]
* [[Kishori Shahane]] as [[Indira Gandhi]]
* [[Prashant Narayanan]]
* Naresh Vohra as [[Murli Manohar Joshi]]<ref>"[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm11355894/ Naresh Vohra on IMDb]," ''IMDb''</ref>
* Bhavik Bhojak as Inspector Arjun Patel in Akshardham, Gandhinagar
* [[Rajendra Gupta]] as Damodardas Modi
{{div col end}}

== Production ==
Initially actor [[Paresh Rawal]] was to play Narendra Modi in a biopic that he was also producing.<ref name=indiatimes64364876>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/bollywood-actors-who-are-doing-biopics-in-2018/Harshvardhan-Kapoor-to-get-prosthetics-to-portray-ageing-in-Abhinav-Bindra-biopic/photostory/64364876.cms|title=Harshvardhan Kapoor to get prosthetics to portray ageing in Abhinav Bindra biopic? - Bollywood actors who are doing biopics in 2018|website=The Times of India|access-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606044812/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/bollywood-actors-who-are-doing-biopics-in-2018/harshvardhan-kapoor-to-get-prosthetics-to-portray-ageing-in-abhinav-bindra-biopic/photostory/64364876.cms|archive-date=6 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=indianexpress5203532>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/paresh-rawal-narendra-modi-biopic-film-5203532/|title=Paresh Rawal confirms Narendra Modi biopic: It will be a hugely challenging role|date=4 June 2018|website=The Indian Express|access-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108045745/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/paresh-rawal-narendra-modi-biopic-film-5203532/|archive-date=8 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Before that film was materialised, ''PM Narendra Modi'' was announced in parallel with [[Vivek Oberoi]] selected to play the lead role.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyo.in/arts/pm-narendra-modi-vivek-oberoi-biopic-paresh-rawal/story/1/28719.html|title=Will Vivek Oberoi be able to woo us as PM Narendra Modi knowing our Mann Ki Baat?|website=dailyo.in|access-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107233322/https://www.dailyo.in/arts/pm-narendra-modi-vivek-oberoi-biopic-paresh-rawal/story/1/28719.html|archive-date=7 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=20190102bollyworm>{{Cite web|url=https://bollyworm.com/news/paresh-rawal-quits-the-narendra-modi-biopic-vivek-oberoi-steps-in-to-play-the-pm/|title=Paresh Rawal quits the Narendra Modi biopic, Vivek Oberoi steps in to play the PM!|last=Mathur|first=Vinamra|date=2 January 2019|website=Bollyworm|access-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228134004/https://bollyworm.com/news/paresh-rawal-quits-the-narendra-modi-biopic-vivek-oberoi-steps-in-to-play-the-pm/|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Principal photography ===
Filming began on 28 January 2019 in [[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat.<ref name=twitter1089758151>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1089758151937646592|title=Narendra Modi biopic filming begins in #Ahmedabad today|date=28 January 2019|website=Twitter}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=October 2019}} Some vital scenes in the film chronicling Modi's early life and political journey was filmed in [[Uttarkashi district]], Uttarakhand. Final schedule of filming was held at [[Mumbai]].<ref name=20190315business-standard>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/vivek-oberoi-starrer-pm-narendra-modi-to-hit-theatres-on-april-12-119031500467_1.html|title=Film on PM Modi's life, starring Vivek Oberoi, to be released on April 12|date=15 March 2019|newspaper=Business Standard India|access-date=15 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329180239/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/vivek-oberoi-starrer-pm-narendra-modi-to-hit-theatres-on-april-12-119031500467_1.html|archive-date=29 March 2019|url-status=live|agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref> Vivek was injured during the shoot while doing a scene in [[Uttarkashi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/vivek-oberoi-hurt-while-shooting-for-pm-modi-biopic-1474815-2019-03-11|title=Vivek Oberoi hurt while shooting for PM Narendra Modi biopic, resumes shooting|date=11 March 2019|website=India Today|access-date=15 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329172514/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/vivek-oberoi-hurt-while-shooting-for-pm-modi-biopic-1474815-2019-03-11|archive-date=29 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = PM Narendra Modi
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Hitesh Modak]] and Shashi-Khushi
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 29 March 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/pm-narendra-modi/0n0FI0jU1ZE_|title=PM Narendra Modi – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack|date=29 March 2019 |publisher=Jio Saavn|access-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330172428/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/pm-narendra-modi/0n0FI0jU1ZE_|archive-date=30 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
| recorded = 2018
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 21:26
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = [[Meghdeep Bose]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/190419-producing-hindustani-was-challenging|title=Producing 'Hindustani' was challenging: Meghdeep Bose|website=www.radioandmusic.com|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022122515/http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/190419-producing-hindustani-was-challenging|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Hitesh Modak
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|YwD7geQeWr4|Audio Jukebox}}
}}
}}

The music of the film is composed by [[Hitesh Modak]] and Shashi-Khushi while the lyrics are written by [[Javed Akhtar]],<ref name=news182075559>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/pm-narendra-modi-producer-sandip-ssingh-responds-to-javed-akhtar-credit-row-2075559.html|title=PM Narendra Modi Producer Sandip Ssingh Responds to Javed Akhtar Credit Row|date=23 March 2019|website=News18.com|access-date=23 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323144758/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/pm-narendra-modi-producer-sandip-ssingh-responds-to-javed-akhtar-credit-row-2075559.html|archive-date=23 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Prasoon Joshi]], [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]], Abhendra Upadhyay, [[Irshad Kamil]], Parry G. and Lavraj. Two songs, one ''Suno Gaur Se Duniya Walon'' from [[Salman Khan]] and [[Sanjay Dutt]] starrer a 1997 unfinished film ''[[Mukul S. Anand|Dus]]'' and the other ''Ishwar Allah'' from the film ''[[Earth (1998 film)|1947: Earth]]'', starring [[Aamir Khan]], [[Nandita Das]] and lyrics by Javed Akhtar used in this film.<ref name=20190323bollywoodhungama>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/salman-khans-song-suno-gaur-se-duniya-walon-used-vivek-oberoi-starrer-pm-narendra-modi/|title=Salman Khan's song 'Suno Gaur Se Duniya Walon' used in Vivek Oberoi starrer PM Narendra Modi|date=23 March 2019|website=Bollywood Hungama|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324150943/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/salman-khans-song-suno-gaur-se-duniya-walon-used-vivek-oberoi-starrer-pm-narendra-modi/|archive-date=24 March 2019|access-date=25 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Initially, [[Javed Akhtar]] and [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]] were unaware about their works from old films being reused in this film. They tweeted they have not written any songs for the film after finding their names on the film' credit row. The film's producer [[Sandip Ssingh]] clarified that the credits were given because their songs from previous movies were included.<ref name=thehindu26618350>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/pm-narendra-modi-songs-credit-row-javed-akhtars-old-songs-were-used-says-producer/article26618350.ece|title='PM Narendra Modi' songs credit row: Javed Akhtar's old songs were used, says producer|date=23 March 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=23 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401001443/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/pm-narendra-modi-songs-credit-row-javed-akhtars-old-songs-were-used-says-producer/article26618350.ece|archive-date=1 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/pm-narendra-modi-music-review-riveting-soundscape-idealistic-lyrics-project-this-political-biopic-as-harbinger-of-hope-6378961.html|title=PM Narendra Modi music review: Riveting soundscape, idealistic lyrics project this political biopic as harbinger of hope|date=2019-04-03|website=Firstpost|language=en|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522171925/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/pm-narendra-modi-music-review-riveting-soundscape-idealistic-lyrics-project-this-political-biopic-as-harbinger-of-hope-6378961.html|archive-date=22 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Music Composer Shashi Suman (Shashi-Khushi Duo) collaborated with music producer [[Meghdeep Bose]] on songs "Saugandh Mujhe Iss Mitti Ki", "Hindustani" & "Fakeera".<ref name="auto"/>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 21:26
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Saugandh Mujhe Iss Mitti Ki
| extra1 = [[Sukhwinder Singh]], Shashi Suman
| music1 = Shashi-Khushi
| lyrics1 = [[Prasoon Joshi]]
| length1 = 3:55
| title2 = Namo Namo
| extra2 = [[Sandip Ssingh]] '''Rap:''' Parry G
| music2 = [[Hitesh Modak]]
| lyrics2 = Lavraj, Parry G
| length2 = 2:11
| title3 = Hindustani
| extra3 = [[Siddharth Mahadevan]], Shashi Suman, '''Rap:''' Parry G
| music3 = Shashi-Khushi
| lyrics3 = Sardaraa, '''Rap:''' Parry G
| note3 = Original lyrics by [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]]
| length3 = 3:30
| title4 = Fakeera
| extra4 = Raja Hasan, Shashi Suman
| music4 = Shashi-Khushi
| lyrics4 = [[Irshad Kamil]]
| length4 = 3:44
| title5 = Junoon
| extra5 = [[Javed Ali]]
| music5 = [[Hitesh Modak]]
| lyrics5 = Lavraj
| length5 = 3:37
| title6 = Ishwar Allah
| extra6 = Suvarna Tiwari
| music6 = Hitesh Modak
| lyrics6 = Lavraj
| note6 = Original lyrics by [[Javed Akhtar]]
| length6 = 4:29
| all_writing =
| title7 =
| length7 =
| title8 =
| length8 =
| title9 =
| length9 =
| title10 =
| length10 =
}}

== Release and controversy ==
The film faced significant backlash from several opposition parties, including the [[Indian National Congress]] (Commonly known simply as "the Congress"), which described it as a [[hagiography]] and argued that its release on 11 April 2019,<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2019 |title=PM Narendra Modi biopic stalled by Election Commission. No release on April 11? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/pm-narendra-modi-biopic-stalled-by-election-commission-no-release-on-april-11-1498386-2019-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410160325/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/pm-narendra-modi-biopic-stalled-by-election-commission-no-release-on-april-11-1498386-2019-04-10 |archive-date=10 April 2019 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> the opening day of the [[2019 Indian general election]], would amount to [[propaganda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Suri |first=Manveena |date=10 April 2019 |title=Modi Bollywood biopic banned during Indian election |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/10/asia/modi-biopic-india-election-intl/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205114845/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/10/asia/modi-biopic-india-election-intl/ |archive-date=5 December 2022 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Kapil Sibal, an official from the Congress, said, "The purpose of the film is only political, to get extra mileage in the elections", adding "This is no artistic venture".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Safi |first=Michael |date=26 March 2019 |title='Fawning' Modi biopic breaks Indian election laws, says opposition |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/26/fawning-modi-biopic-breaks-indian-election-laws-says-opposition |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326143834/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/26/fawning-modi-biopic-breaks-indian-election-laws-says-opposition |archive-date=26 March 2019 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> In a petition to the [[Election Commission of India]] (ECI), the Congress demanded that the film's release be postponed until after the election. At the same time, the ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) sought to distance itself from the film, saying, "Independent artists, influenced by the lifestyle of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, created the film but the BJP is in no way involved in it".<ref name=":0" />

The [[National Students' Union of India|National Student's Union of India]]'s Goa unit wrote to the ECI, demanding a ban on the screening of the film, claiming it violated the [[Election Commission of India's Model Code of Conduct|election model code of conduct]] of elections.<ref name="20190316thequint">{{cite web |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/bollywood/congress-student-wing-urges-election-commission-to-ban-release-of-modi-biopic-during-lok-sabha-elections |title=Cong Demands Ban on Screening of Modi Biopic During Elections |date=16 March 2019 |website=The Quint |access-date=19 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329172606/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/bollywood/congress-student-wing-urges-election-commission-to-ban-release-of-modi-biopic-during-lok-sabha-elections |archive-date=29 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> A plea filed at the [[Supreme Court of India]] to stop the release was rejected. The court said that the ECI was the appropriate authority to address the petitioner's concerns.<ref name="indiatimes68794439">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/pm-narendra-modi-team-thanks-sc-for-justice/articleshow/68794439.cms|title=PM Narendra Modi' team thanks Supreme Court for justice|access-date=10 April 2019|website=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510173407/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/pm-narendra-modi-team-thanks-sc-for-justice/articleshow/68794439.cms|archive-date=10 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The ECI subsequently banned the release of the film for the duration of the general election, stating that any biopic material "subserving the purposes of any political entity" and that had "the potential to disturb the level playing field during the elections, should not be displayed".<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Safi |first=Michael |date=10 April 2019 |title=Narendra Modi film pulled from cinemas on eve of Indian election |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/10/india-election-officials-halt-release-narendra-modi-film-disguised-political-ad |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410144719/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/10/india-election-officials-halt-release-narendra-modi-film-disguised-political-ad |archive-date=10 April 2019 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> The film theatrically released worldwide on 24 May 2019, after the elections had concluded.<ref name="reldate" /><ref name="20190503bollywoodhungama">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vivek-oberoi-starrer-pm-narendra-modi-release-24th-may-2019-lok-sabha-election-2019-results/|title=Vivek Oberoi starrer PM Narendra Modi to release on 24th May 2019 after the Lok Sabha Election 2019 results|date=3 May 2019|work=Bollywood Hungama|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503072922/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vivek-oberoi-starrer-pm-narendra-modi-release-24th-may-2019-lok-sabha-election-2019-results/|archive-date=3 May 2019|access-date=3 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> A new poster of movie was released a day before the release of the film, with the tagline "''Ab aa rahe hai dobara, PM Narendra Modi. Ab koi rok nahi sakta''" ({{Literal translation|Now, PM Narendra Modi is returning to power, now no one can stop him}}), celebrating Modi's victory in the election.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/latest/924101/nitin-gadkari-actor-vivek-oberoi-launch-new-poster-of-pm-narendra-modi|title=New poster launch of PM Narendra Modi|date=20 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524041313/https://scroll.in/latest/924101/nitin-gadkari-actor-vivek-oberoi-launch-new-poster-of-pm-narendra-modi|archive-date=24 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
The film received overwhelmingly negative reviews by critics, who criticised it for being a [[propaganda film]] and a [[hagiography]], as well as criticising Oberoi's performance.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=news182157687>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/pm-narendra-modi-biopic-reviews-critics-call-it-a-hagiography-vivek-oberois-acting-panned-2157687.html|title=PM Narendra Modi Biopic Reviews: Critics Call it a Hagiography, Vivek Oberoi's Acting Panned|date=24 May 2019 |publisher=[[News18]]|access-date=24 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524170949/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/pm-narendra-modi-biopic-reviews-critics-call-it-a-hagiography-vivek-oberois-acting-panned-2157687.html|archive-date=24 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film has an approval rating of 0% based on 10 negative reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PM Narendra Modi Reviews |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/pm_narendra_modi/reviews |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref>

Ananya Bhattacharya of ''[[India Today]]'' took note of the film's bias towards the protagonist: "Even the most controversial parts of PM Narendra Modi's life – the [[2002 Gujarat riots|Godhra riots]] – are planted on the Opposition as a way to keep Modi from serving his people".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/pm-narendra-modi-movie-review-vivek-oberoi-1533408-2019-05-24|title=PM Narendra Modi Movie Review: Modi wins India to make Vivek Oberoi a star|website=India Today|date=24 May 2019 |access-date=24 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524060051/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/bollywood/story/pm-narendra-modi-movie-review-vivek-oberoi-1533408-2019-05-24|archive-date=24 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath of [[Scroll.in]] wrote, "Any insights the movie offers into Modi's rise are inadvertent. The monomaniacal focus on one man above all else will surely be of interest to those who study how cinema can be used for propaganda".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/924538/pm-narendra-modi-movie-review-a-131-minute-victory-parade|title='PM Narendra Modi' movie review: A 131-minute victory parade on the big screen|first=Nandini|last=Ramnath|website=Scroll.in|date=24 May 2019 |access-date=25 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524043413/https://scroll.in/reel/924538/pm-narendra-modi-movie-review-a-131-minute-victory-parade|archive-date=24 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Renuka Vyavahare of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film two and a half stars out of five and criticised the script, opining, "This one is too lopsided for you to appreciate. It leaves a lot unanswered. While it firmly believes ‘Modi ek insaan nahi, soch hai’, we wish the script was as thoughtful". However, she was among the few who appreciated Oberoi's performance, stating, "He gets the mannerisms, accent and tone right and thankfully doesn't overdo it".<ref name=indiatimes69465852>{{Citation|title=PM Narendra Modi Movie Review {2.5/5}: While it firmly believes 'Modi ek insaan nahi, soch hai', we wish the script was as thoughtful.|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/pm-narendra-modi/movie-review/69465852.cms|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> Writing for ''[[The Indian Express]]'', Shubhra Gupta gave the movie two stars out of five and stated, "The film is not a mere bio-pic, it is a full-fledged, unabashed, unapologetic hagiography".<ref name="indianexpress5745742">{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=24 May 2019 |title=PM Narendra Modi movie review: An unabashed hagiography |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/pm-narendra-modi-movie-review-rating-5745742/ |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524045816/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/pm-narendra-modi-movie-review-rating-5745742/ |archive-date=24 May 2019 |access-date= |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Kennith Rosario of ''[[The Hindu]]'' summarised the movie's narrative as "a obsequious love letter" to the protagonist which tells the audience "How sincere, hardworking, fair and honest Modi is, [and] that it makes you wonder if life is a parody of this film".<ref name="thehindu27235458">{{Cite news |last=Rosario |first=Kennith |date=24 May 2019 |title='PM Narendra Modi' movie review: An obsequious love letter |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/pm-narendra-modi-movie-review-an-obsequious-love-letter/article27235458.ece |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524120331/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/pm-narendra-modi-movie-review-an-obsequious-love-letter/article27235458.ece |archive-date=24 May 2019 |access-date= |work=[[The Hindu]] |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The Congress claimed that the BJP was using [[Hindi cinema|Bollywood]] as a propaganda machine and the movie aimed to serve a perilous mix of high-pitched nationalism and [[Political strongman|strongman]] branding of Modi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-11|title=Bollywood as Narendra Modi's propaganda machine|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/bollywood-as-narendra-modi-s-propaganda-machine/story-tIKCrXcviscEaYmkWvPckJ.html|access-date=2021-08-29|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Helen Regan and Swati Gupta|title=Narendra Modi biopic slammed as propaganda by opposition ahead of Indian election|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/27/india/modi-biopic-criticism-intl/index.html|access-date=2021-08-29|website=CNN|date=27 March 2019 }}</ref>

=== Box office ===
The film collected {{INR}}2.25-2.5 crore on its opening day and was the second best-performing film among all others released in India on that day, after ''[[Aladdin (2019 film)|Aladdin]]'' (2019).<ref name=20190525boxofficeindia>{{Cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5043 |title=Aladin Takes Out Indias Most Wanted And Modi |last=Singh |first=Harminder |date=25 May 2019 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=26 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618234246/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5043 |archive-date=18 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The following day, it earned {{INR}}3 crore.<ref name=20190526boxofficeindia>{{Cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5046 |title=Aladdin Decent Second Day – Modi And Indias Most Wanted Dull |last=Singh |first=Harminder |date=26 May 2019 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=26 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707110020/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5046 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Collections on Sunday showed minor growth with earnings of {{INR}}4.25 crore.<ref name=20190527boxofficeindia>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5048|title=Aladdin Dominates Indias Most Wanted And PM Narendra Modi|date=27 May 2019|access-date=27 May 2019|first=Harminder|last=Singh|publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> Monday earnings dropped 20 percent from the opening day for a total of {{INR}}1.85 crore.<ref name=20190528boxofficeindia>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5051|title=Alladdin Decent – Indias Most Wanted And PM Narendra Modi Update|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=28 May 2019|access-date=28 May 2019|first=Harminder|last=Singh}}</ref> On Tuesday, the film earned {{INR}}1.7 crore.<ref name=20190529boxofficeindia>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5053|title=Aladdin PM Narendra Modi Indias Most Wanted Tuesday Numbers|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=29 May 2019|access-date=29 May 2019|first=Harminder|last=Singh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712180740/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5053|archive-date=12 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The film earned {{INR}}1.5 crore and {{INR}}1.1 crore on Wednesday and Thursday.<ref name=20190531boxofficeindia>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5059|title=Indias Most Wanted Very Poor – PM Narendra Modi Poor|date=31 May 2019|access-date=2 June 2019|first=Harminder|last=Singh|publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>

==See also==
* ''[[7 RCR (TV series)|7 RCR]]''
* ''[[Pradhanmantri]]''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb title|id=tt9558612}}
* ''[https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pm-narendra-modi/ PM Narendra Modi]'' on [[Bollywood Hungama]]
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|m/pm_narendra_modi}}

{{Omung Kumar}}

[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Narendra Modi]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Indira Gandhi]]
[[Category:Biographical films about politicians]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Works about the Emergency (India)]]
[[Category:2010s biographical films]]
[[Category:2019 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2019 Indian films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language biographical films]]
[[Category:Indian propaganda films]]
[[Category:Political controversies in film]]
[[Category:Pseudohistory]]
[[Category:Cults of personality]]

INS Mumbai

2026-02-27T12:44:43Z

Qtree2009: cleaned up lead to improve readability

{{Short description|Guided-missile destroyer of Indian Navy}}
{{distinguish|INS Bombay}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = INS Mumbai (D62) at sea.jpg
| image_caption = ''Mumbai'' (D62) at sea
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header =
| country = India
| flag = {{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
| name = ''Mumbai''
| namesake = [[Mumbai]]
| ordered = 20 March 1992
| awarded =
| builder = [[Mazagon Dock Limited]], {{flag|India}}
| original_cost =
| yard_number =
| way_number =
| laid_down = 12 December 1992
| launched = 20 March 1995
| sponsor =
| christened =
| completed =
| acquired =
| commissioned = 22 January 2001
| recommissioned =
| decommissioned =
| maiden_voyage =
| in_service =
| out_of_service =
| renamed =
| reclassified =
| refit =
| struck =
| reinstated =
| homeport =
<ref>{{cite web |last=Bhattacharjee |first=Sumit |date=2021-12-04 |title=Eastern Fleet will have Carrier Battle Group: Vice Admiral |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/eastern-fleet-will-have-carrier-battle-group-vice-admiral/article37833874.ece/ |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
| identification = [[Pennant number]]: D62
| motto = "''Aham Prayptam Tvidametesam Balam''" (''I am Invincible'')
| nickname =
| honours =
| honors =
| captured =
| fate =
| status = Active
| notes =
| badge =
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =
| class = {{sclass|Delhi|destroyer}}
| type = [[Guided-missile destroyer]]
| displacement = 6,200 tonnes (full)<ref name="in-destroyers">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/naval-fleet/delhi-class |title=IN Ships-Destroyers-Delhi Class |publisher=Indian Navy |access-date=2011-12-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127113140/http://indiannavy.nic.in/naval-fleet/delhi-class |archive-date=27 January 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| length = {{convert|163|m|ft|abbr=on}} <ref name="in-destroyers"/>
| beam = {{convert|17|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="in-destroyers"/>
| height =
| draught = {{convert|6.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="in-destroyers"/>
| draft =
| power =
| propulsion = *4 × [[Zorya-Mashproekt]] DT-59 gas turbines {{convert|82,820|hp|kW|abbr=on}}
*2 shafts with [[Variable-pitch propeller (marine)|cp props]]<ref name="jfs-0405">{{cite book|editor1-last=Saunders|editor1-first=Stephen|editor1-mask=Commodore Stephen Saunders|title=Jane's Fighting Ships 2004-2005|date=2004|publisher=Jane's Information Group|location=Coulsdon|isbn=978-0710626233|page=308|edition=107th|chapter=India}}</ref>
| speed = {{convert|32|kn}}<ref name="jfs-0405"/>
| range = {{convert|4500|mi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|18|kn}}<ref name="jfs-0405"/>
| endurance =
| complement = 350 (incl 40 officers)<ref name="in-destroyers"/>
| sensors = *Fregat M2EM E-band air & surface search radar(300 Km) (Replaced from MR-755 MAE)
*BEL RAWL (Signaal LW08) D-band air search radar
*3 × MR-212/201 I-band navigation radars
*6 × MR-90 Orekh G-band [[Fire-control radar|fire-control]] radars (FCR)
*2 × Elta EL/M 2221 FCR(Barak 1)
*BEL Lynx U2 FCR (Replaced from MR-184 I/J-band FCR)
*2 × MR-123-02 I/J-band FCR
*BEL HUMSA hull-mounted sonar
*Thales Advanced Towed Array Sonar<ref name="jfs-0405"/>
| EW = *BEL Ellora MK2 Replaced from BEL Ajanta Mk 2 [[Electronic warfare support measures|ESM]]
*[[Kavach (anti-missile system)]]
*Towed decoys<ref name="jfs-0405"/>
| armament = *8 × [[BrahMos]] (Replaced from 16 × [[Kh-35E]])
*32 × [[Barak 1]]
*2 × [[Buk missile system|Shtil]] SAM systems (48 missiles)
*1 × [[OTO Melara 76 mm]] [[Naval artillery|naval gun]]; Replaced [[AK-100 (naval gun)|AK-100]]
*2 × 30 mm [[AK-630M]]
*2 × [[RBU-6000]] Launchers
*Quintuple 533mm torpedo tubes
*2 rails of depth charges<ref name="jfs-0405"/>
| armour =
| armor =
| aircraft = 2 × [[Westland Sea King|Sea King]] Mk 42B helicopters<ref name="jfs-0405"/>
| aircraft_facilities =
}}
}}

'''INS ''Mumbai''''' is the third of the {{sclass|Delhi|destroyer|0}} [[guided-missile destroyer]]s in active service with the [[Indian Navy]].

''Mumbai'' was built at [[Mazagon Dock Limited]] in her namesake city [[Mumbai]], [[ceremonial ship launching|launched]] in 1995, and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] in 2001. The ship completed its mid-life upgrade in 2023 and joined [[Eastern Naval Command]] on 8 December 2023 to replace the retiring [[Rajput-class destroyer]]s .

The ship's crest depicts the gateway entrance to ''[[INS Angre]]'' (named as such in honour of Admiral [[Kanhoji Angre]]). The gateway has a watch tower with three look-out posts and stands against the backdrop of the ramparts of the fort. Two Ghurabs (or Grabs), depicted on either side of the fort, signify the seafaring traditions of the [[Marathas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Articles/Article14.html |title=INS Mumbai: A Photo Essay |publisher=Bharat-rakshak.com |access-date=2010-12-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809011354/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Articles/Article14.html |archive-date=9 August 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> INS Mumbai has been the Flagship for various combat operations like Op Parakram and many Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations<ref>{{Cite news|last=Indian Defence News|first=The Indian Hawk|date=15 December 2020|title=Model of Indian Navy's destroyer INS Mumbai dedicated to the city|work=[[The Indian Hawk]]|url=https://www.theindianhawk.com/2020/12/model-of-indian-navys-destroyer-ins-mumbai-dedicated-to-the-city.html|access-date=15 December 2020}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Service history==
===Operation Sukoon===
In July 2006, ''Mumbai'' was part of Task Force 54, on its way back to India from the [[Mediterranean]], when the [[2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict|Israel-Lebanon conflict]] broke out. ''Mumbai'' was redeployed to assist the evacuation of Indian citizens from [[Lebanon]] as a part of [[Operation Sukoon]].<ref>{{cite news|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5191366.stm|date = 2006-07-21|title = Indians arrive home from Lebanon|access-date = 2006-07-21|publisher = BBC News}}</ref>

===Operation Raahat===
In March 2015, ''Mumbai'' was deployed with {{INS|Tarkash|F50|6}} and {{INS|Sumitra|P59|6}} as part of [[Operation Raahat]] to provide protection and support to Indian ships and aircraft involved in the evacuation of Indian citizens from [[Yemen]] during the [[2015 military intervention in Yemen|military intervention]].<ref name=firstpost-local-clearance>{{cite news|title=Indian ship in periphery of Yemen waters, awaits local clearance|url=http://www.firstpost.com/world/indian-ship-periphery-yemen-waters-awaits-local-clearance-2181585.html|publisher=First Post|date=31 March 2015|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref> For this operation, the ship's [[commanding officer]] [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]] [[Rajesh Dhankhar]] was awarded the [[Nao Sena Medal]] for gallantry.<ref>{{cite web |title=Navy honours bravehearts for sterling service |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/news/4181-navy-honours-bravehearts-sterling-service |website=The Sunday Guardian Live |access-date=11 March 2023 |date=16 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="NM Gallantry">{{cite web |title=Independence Day Gallantry Awards and other Decorations |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=125036 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref>

===Port visits===
INS ''Mumbai'', commanded by [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]] Sandeep Kumar, arrived at the [[Port of Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]] on 26 August 2024 for a three-day formal visit. This marked the eighth visit by an Indian Navy or Coast Guard ship to the nation in 2024. Earlier, [[INS Kabra (T76)|INS Kabra]], [[INS Karanj (S23)|Karanj]], [[INS Kamorta (P28)|Kamorta]], and [[INS Shalki (S46)|Shalki]], along with [[ICGS Samarth]], Abhinav, and [[ICGS Sachet|Sachet]], had also visited Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.newsfirst.lk/2024/08/25/indian-navy-s-frontline-warship-to-visit-colombo |title=Indian Navy's Frontline Warship to Visit Colombo |publisher=Newsfirst.lk |last= |first= |date=25 August 2024 |access-date=25 August 2024 |archive-date=25 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240825042803/https://english.newsfirst.lk/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.navy.lk/eventnews/2024/08/26/202408261500/ |title=INS Mumbai arrives in Colombo |publisher=Sri Lanka Navy |last= |first= |date=26 August 2024 |access-date=26 August 2024 |archive-date=26 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826104608/https://news.navy.lk/eventnews/2024/08/26/202408261500/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Meera |date=2024-08-26 |title=Colombo port welcomes Indian, Chinese warships on the same day |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/colombo-port-welcomes-indian-chinese-warships-on-the-same-day/article68569479.ece/ |access-date=2024-08-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The ship is expected to deliver essential spare parts for the [[Dornier 228]] aircraft of the [[Sri Lanka Air Force|Sri Lankan Air Force]]. The fleet assists the Air Force in extensive [[Maritime patrol|maritime surveillance]] and [[search and rescue]] operations. The Indian Navy supports the Dornier's maintenance with technical teams and spare parts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ins-mumbai-to-make-first-visit-to-colombo-on-august-26/articleshow/112780404.cms |title=INS Mumbai to make first visit to Colombo on August 26 |publisher=The Times of India |last= |first= |date=25 August 2024 |access-date=26 August 2024 |archive-date=26 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826110912/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ins-mumbai-to-make-first-visit-to-colombo-on-august-26/articleshow/112780404.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-naval-ship-ins-mumbai-to-make-first-visit-to-sri-lanka-on-august-26/article68565990.ece#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17246055552721&csi=0&referrer=https://www.google.com&ampshare=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-naval-ship-ins-mumbai-to-make-first-visit-to-sri-lanka-on-august-26/article68565990.ece |title=Indian naval ship INS Mumbai to make first visit to Sri Lanka on August 26 |publisher=The Hindu |last= |first= |date=25 August 2024 |access-date=26 August 2024 |archive-date=25 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240825191345/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-naval-ship-ins-mumbai-to-make-first-visit-to-sri-lanka-on-august-26/article68565990.ece#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17246055552721&csi=0&referrer=https://www.google.com&ampshare=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-naval-ship-ins-mumbai-to-make-first-visit-to-sri-lanka-on-august-26/article68565990.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== La Perouse 25 ===
In January 2025, INS ''Mumbai'' was mission deployed in South Eastern [[Indian Ocean]] Region. On 18 January, the ship reached Jakarta, Indonesia for participating in the fourth edition of the multinational exercise La Perouse 2025. The exercise includes with multiple ships representing eight other navies like [[Royal Australian Navy|Australia]] ([[HMAS Hobart (DDG 39)|HMAS Hobart]]), [[French Navy|France]] (''[[French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle|Charles de Gaulle]]'' and its [[French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle#Clemenceau 25|CSG]]), [[Royal Navy|United Kingdom]] ([[HMS Spey (P234)|HMS Spey]]), [[United States Navy|United States]] ([[USS Savannah (LCS-28)|USS Savannah]]), [[Indonesian Navy|Indonesia]], [[Royal Malaysian Navy|Malaysia]] ([[KD Lekir (F-26)|KD Lekir]], [[Gagah Samudera-class training ship|KD Gagah Samudera]]), [[Republic of Singapore Navy|Singapore]] ([[Independence-class littoral mission vessel|RSS Independence]]) and [[Royal Canadian Navy|Canada]] ([[HMCS Ottawa (FFH 341)|HMCS Ottawa]]). The exercise aims to "provide maritime safety with regional partners and multinational coalition assets in the 3 main straits detrimental to commercial shipping" and "sharing information and coordinating their actions against multiple threats thanks to the communication and coordination system IORIS". The exercise will be conducted in two phases. The first phase (16 to 20 January) focusing on [[Strait of Malacca|Malacca]] and [[Sunda Strait|Sunda]] straits and the second one (21 to 24 January) focusing on [[Lombok Strait|Lombok strait]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manaranche |first=Martin |date=2025-01-16 |title=French Navy kicks off La Perouse 2025 exercise in East Indian Ocean |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2025/01/french-navy-kicks-off-la-perouse-2025-exercise-in-east-indian-ocean/ |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-18 |title=Indian Naval Ship Mumbai participates in multinational La Perouse exercise |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indian-naval-ship-mumbai-nine-nation-la-perouse-exercise-indian-ocean-2666811-2025-01-18 |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-18 |title=India joins mega naval wargame La Perouse |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-joins-mega-naval-wargame-la-perouse/articleshow/117355309.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-07-18 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

=== IFR-2026 ===
INS ''Mumbai'' participated at the [[International Fleet Review 2026]] held at Visakapatanam.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-14 |title=India’s indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant to steal the show in IFR 2026 in Vizag |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/indias-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant-to-steal-the-show-in-ifr-2026-in-vizag/articleshow/128355649.cms |access-date=2026-02-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Gallery==

<gallery widths=180>
INS Mumbai celebrates 20th anniversary today.jpg|Top view of INS ''Mumbai'' (D62).
INS Mumbai (D62) performing transfer of personnel at sea.jpg|''Mumbai'' (D62) performing transfer of personnel at sea.
INS Mumbai (D62) along with an Il-38 underway during Narendra Modi's visit.jpg|{{INS|Mumbai|D62|2}} along with an [[Ilyushin Il-38|Il-38]] during an exercise.
INS Mumbai enters Port of Duqm in Oman.jpg|{{INS|Mumbai|D62|2}} enters [[Al Duqm Port & Drydock|Port of Duqm]] in [[Oman]].
INS Mumbai (D62), Delhi class destroyer at sea.jpg|''Mumbai'' (D62), Delhi class destroyer at sea
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|INS Mumbai (D62)}}

==See also==
* {{ship|HMIS|Bombay}}

{{Destroyers of the Indian Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mumbai (D62)}}
[[Category:Delhi-class destroyers]]
[[Category:Destroyers of the Indian Navy]]
[[Category:Ships built in India]]
[[Category:1995 ships]]
[[Category:Destroyers of India]]

Mahesh Elkunchwar

2026-02-21T18:20:47Z

Qtree2009: enhanced information and updated info

{{Short description|Indian dramatist}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mahesh Elkunchwar
| image = 
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1939|10|09}}
| birth_place = Parwa, [[Maharashtra]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| known_for = ''Yugant'' ''[[Party (1984 film)|Party]]'' ''[[Holi (1984 film)|Holi]]'' ''[[Sonata (play)|Sonata]]'' ''[[Wada chirebandi (play)|Wada chirebandi]]'' ''[[Magna Talyakathi (play)|Magna Talyakathi]]'' ''Mounarag''{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}
| occupation = Playwright
}}

'''Mahesh Elkunchwar''' (born 9 October 1939) is an Indian playwright and screenplay writer in [[Marathi language]] with more than 20 plays to his name, in addition to his theoretical writings, critical works, and his active work in India's ''[[Parallel Cinema]]'' as actor{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} and screenwriter. Today along with [[Vijay Tendulkar]], he is credited as one of the most influential and progressive playwrights not just in [[Marathi theatre]], but also in [[Indian theatre]]. In 2014, he was awarded the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]], the highest honour in performing arts in [[India]].<ref name=mi>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/2009/02/06211922/Fringe-takes-centre-stage.html|title=Fringe takes centre stage: The importance of being Mahesh Elkunchwar and Satish Alekar in Marathi theatre|date=6 February 2009|publisher=Mint |access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Born to a 9th generation [[Telugu Brahmin]] migrant family in Parwa village in [[Vidarbha]] region of [[Maharashtra]], at the age of four he had to leave his parents and leave a city where he grew up a lonely child and hardly interested in studies, and raised outside of Indian urban centres. As films and theatre were taboo in his family, he saw his first play when he moved to [[Nagpur]] for his matriculation. Here he studied at Morris College, and went on to do M.A. in English from [[Nagpur University]]. While still in college came the turning point in his life, when one day he went to watch a film and unable to get a movie ticket, he ended up watching a play. That play was a veteran theatre director [[Vijaya Mehta]]'s production of [[Vijay Tendulkar]]'s ''Mee jinkalo mee Haralo'' (I Won, I Lost) in 1965. Deeply influenced by the play, he went to watch play again the following day and decided to write plays. He devoted the next year to reading plays of all kind.<ref>{{cite news |title=I'm writer by default, says Elkunchwar|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-13/nagpur/28139333_1_mahesh-elkunchwar-award-vijay-tendulkar |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718201730/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-13/nagpur/28139333_1_mahesh-elkunchwar-award-vijay-tendulkar |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 July 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=13 February 2010 }}</ref><ref name=tribune1998>{{cite news |title=Urban folk theatre is artistic kleptomania|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98oct18/sunday/view.htm |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=18 October 1998 }}</ref>

==Career==
He taught English literature at Dharampeth Arts, Commerce College, Nagpur and M. P. Deo Memorial Science College, Nagpur, until retiring as its Head in 1999. He was a guest professor of screen play-writing at the Film and Television Institute, Pune in 2000–2001. He taught as a visiting professor at the National school of Drama, New Delhi for a number of years.

Elkunchwar has experimented with many forms of dramatic expression, ranging from the realistic to symbolic, [[Expressionist theater|expressionist]] to [[absurd theatre]] with theme ranging from creativity to life, sterility to death and has influenced modern Indian theatre for more than three decades.<ref name=mi/> Elkunchwar emerged onto the national theatre scene with the publication of his one-act play ''Sultan'' in 1967 in noted literary magazine ''Satyakatha''. This play was immediately noticed by Vijaya Mehta; she went on to direct four of his early plays, including ''Holi'' and ''Sultan'' in 1969 and 1970 for ''Rangayan''.<ref name=mi/> A number of commercial hits followed such as ''Holi'' (1969), ''Raktapushpa'' (1971), ''Party'' (1972), ''Virasat'' (1982), and ''Atamkatha'' (1987).

Considered a successor to [[Vijay Tendulkar]],<ref name=tribune1998/> Elkunchwar's plays are written in [[Marathi language|Marathi]], the Indian language that is spoken by approximately 90 million people. The plays have been subsequently translated into multiple Indian and Western languages (including English, French and German).

In 1984, his play ''Holi'' was made into the film ''[[Holi (1984 film)|Holi]]'' by [[Ketan Mehta]], for which he wrote the screenplay. In the same year, [[Govind Nihalani]] directed a film, ''[[Party (1984 film)|Party]]'', based on his eponymous play. Sonata (2017), a film starring [[Aparna Sen]], Shabana Azmi and Lilette Dubey was based on Elkunchwar's eponymous play.

A lesser known fact about him is as Mahesh Elkunchwar, the essayist. His collection of essays 'Maunraag' has broken new grounds in this genre, and was considered the book of the decade in 2012.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} An uncanny blend of autobiographical and meditative, his essay show his erudition and a vivid imagination.

==Plays by Mahesh Elkunchwar==

* Rudravarsha (The Savage Year), 1966
* Sultan (one act), 1967
* Zumbar (one act), 1967
* Eka Mhatarachya Khoon (An Old Man's Murder, one act), 1968
* Kaifiyat (one act), 1967
* Ek Osad Gaon (one act), 1969
* Yatanaghar (The Chamber of Anguish), 1970
* Garbo, 1970
* Vasanakand (The Episode of Lust), 1972
* Magna talyakathi
* Party, 1976
* Wada Chirebandi (Old Stone Mansion), 1985
* Pratibimb (Reflection), 1987
* Atmakatha (Autobiography), 1988
* Magna Talyakathi (The Pond), 1991
* Yuganta (The End of an Age)
* Wasanani Jeernani (Tattered Clothes), 1995
* Dharmaputra (Godson), 1998
* [[Sonata (play)|Sonata]], 2000
* Eka Natacha Mrityu (An Actor's Death), 2005
* Raktapushp

Other works:

* Maunraag : collection of essays, Mouj Prakashan
* Paschimprabha : collection of essays, Chakshu prakashan
* Baatcheet : Interviews, Rajhans Prakashan
* Saptak : lectures, Rajhans prakashan
* Tribandh : Three essays, Mouj Prakashan
* Vinashavela ( translation ) Mouj Prakashan

==Awards and recognition==
Elkunchwar's plays have gained national and international critical attention, and his growing body of work has become part of India's post-colonial theatrical canon.
Some Important Honours, Awards:

# [[Sangeet Natak Academi Award]] – 1989
# Nandikar-1989{{clarify|date=May 2017}}
# Maharashtra Gaurav –1990{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}
# Maharashtra Foundation for ‘Yugant” –1997 {{citation needed|date=May 2017}}
# [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for his Trilogy '''Yugant'''
# Saraswati Samman -2002{{clarify|date=May 2017}}
#Janasthan 2011
# Brittingham Visiting Scholar, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA in 2005 {{citation needed|date=May 2017}}
# [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]2013
# [[Kalidas Samman]] 2014-2015
# Go. Ni. Dandekar Puraskar 2016
# [[Vinda Karandikar Jeevan Gaurav Puraskar]]- 2018<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sahitya.marathi.gov.in/235/ |title=विंदा करंदीकर जीवन गौरव पुरस्कार – महाराष्ट्र राज्य साहित्य आणि संस्कृती मंडळ |website=sahitya.marathi.gov.in |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502123728/https://sahitya.marathi.gov.in/235/ |archive-date=2 May 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Works in translations:
* {{cite book |title=City plays (Playscript)|author=Mahesh Elkunchwar |author2=[[Shanta Gokhale]] & [[Manjula Padmanabhan]] (translation) |publisher=Seagull Books|year=2004|isbn=8170462304}}

Collected Plays of Mahesh Elkunchwar Volume I: Oxford University Press 2008

Collected Plays of Mahesh Elkunchwar Volume II : Oxford University Press 2011

== References ==

<references />

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0253913}}

{{SangeetNatakAkademiFellowship}}
{{Saraswati Samman}}
{{Marathi Theatre}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Elkunchwar, Mahesh}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Marathi-language writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Saraswati Samman Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Marathi]]
[[Category:Marathi theatre]]
[[Category:Writers from Nagpur]]
[[Category:Maharashtra academics]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]

Origins of the Sino-Indian War

2026-02-14T16:08:16Z

Qtree2009: improved details as per guidelines for accuracy

{{Short description|none}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Too few opinions|discuss=Talk:Sino-Indian War#Sources|date=September 2017}}
A long series of events triggered the '''[[Sino-Indian War]]''' in 1962. According to John W. Garver, Chinese perceptions about the Indian designs for [[Tibet]], and the failure to demarcate a common border between China and India (including the Indian [[#Early 1960s|Forward Policy]])<ref name="JohnstonRoss2006">{{cite book
|author1=Alastair I. Johnston
|author2=Robert S. Ross
|title=New directions in the study of China's foreign policy
|year=2006
|publisher=Stanford University Press
|isbn=978-0-8047-5363-0
|pages=86–130
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DCihrQEdPzAC&pg=PA86
|access-date=16 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> were important in [[China]]'s decision to fight a war with [[India]].

==Friendly relations==
Numerous changes occurred in the late 1940s, with the independence of the [[Republic of India]] and the [[Islamic Republic of Pakistan]] in 1947, and the establishment of the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC) in 1949. One of the most basic policies for the [[Indian government]] was that of maintaining cordial relations with China.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> The Indian government wished to revive its ancient friendly ties with China.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> When the PRC was declared, India was among the first countries to give it diplomatic recognition.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

After coming to power, the PRC announced that its army would be occupying Tibet. India sent a letter of protest to China proposing negotiations on the Tibet issue.<ref name="Guruswamy">Mohan Guruswamy, Mohan, [http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/jun/20spec.htm "The Great India-China Game"], Rediff, 23 June 2003.</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=October 2019|reason=See [[Talk:Sino-Indian War#Sources]]}} The newly formed PRC was more active in posting troops to the [[Aksai Chin]] border than the newly formed Indian republic was. India decided to take moves to ensure a stable Indo-Chinese border.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> In August 1950, China expressed its gratitude to India's attempts to "stabilize the Indo-Chinese border".<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> To clear any doubts or ambiguities, [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] stated in [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] in 1950 that "Our maps show that the [[McMahon Line]] is our boundary and that is our boundary...we stand by that boundary and we will not let anyone else come across that boundary". China expressed no concerns at these statements.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

By 1951, China had extended numerous posts in Aksai Chin.<ref name="Guruswamy"/>{{unreliable source?|date=October 2019|reason=See [[Talk:Sino-Indian War#Sources]]}} The Indian government, on the other hand, concentrated its military efforts on stopping [[Ladakh]] from being taken by [[Pakistan|Pakistani troops]] and did not establish itself in Aksai Chin.<ref name="VKSingh">[http://www.india-seminar.com/2006/562/562-vk-singh.htm VK Singh] resolving the boundary dispute</ref> On various occasions in 1951 and 1952, however, the government of China expressed the idea that there were no frontier issues between India and Chinese Tibet to be worried about.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

Later, in September 1951, India declined to attend a conference in San Francisco for the conclusion of a peace treaty with [[Japan]] because China, which India viewed as an important factor in this treaty, was not invited because of its status as an international pariah.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> In the coming years India strove to become China's representative in world matters, as China had been isolated from many issues. India vigorously pressed, since the start of the 1950s, for the PRC to be included within the UN.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

The [[People's Liberation Army]] defeated the [[Tibetan Army|Tibetan army]] in a battle at [[Chamdo]] in 1950 and [[Lhasa]] recognized Chinese sovereignty over [[Tibet]] in 1951. The [[Indian army]] asserted control of [[Tawang]] at this time, overcoming some armed resistance and expelling its Tibetan administrators.<ref name="Neville Maxwell">{{cite journal|last=Maxwell |first=Neville |title=Settlements and Disputes: China's Approach to Territorial Issues |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=41 |issue=36 |pages=3876 |date=9 September 2006 |url=http://www.epw.org.in/articles/2006/09/10532.pdf |access-date=2006-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001145204/http://www.epw.org.in/articles/2006/09/10532.pdf |archive-date=2006-10-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{page needed|date=October 2019}} In 1954, China and India concluded the [[Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence]] under which India acknowledged Chinese sovereignty in Tibet. Indian negotiators presented a frontier map to the Chinese that included the McMahon Line and the Chinese side did not object. At this time, the Indian government under Prime Minister Nehru promoted the slogan ''Hindi-Chini bhai-bhai'' (India and China are brothers).{{citation needed|date=August 2013}}

In 1954, [[B. R. Ambedkar]] in the [[Indian Upper House]], said that by "allowing the Chinese to [[Incorporation of Tibet into the People's Republic of China|take possession]] of [[Lhasa]], the [[Nehru|Prime Minister]] has practically helped them bring their border down to the Indian border... Aggression might well be committed by people who are always in the habit of committing aggression." Ambedkar further urged for alliance with western world and said, "is better for us to align ourselves with what we call the free nations if we believe in freedom".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,820086,00.html | title=Untouchable's Warning | work=[[TIME Magazine]] | date=6 September 1954 | archive-date=27 August 2013 | access-date=21 July 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827014831/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,820086,00.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 1 July 1954 Nehru wrote a memo directing that the maps of India be revised to show definite boundaries on all frontiers, where they were previously indicated as undemarcated.<ref name="Noorani Facts of History">{{citation |last=Noorani |first=A. G. |title=Facts of History |newspaper=Frontline |date=30 September 2003 |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/article30218740.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013172913/http://hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2018/stories/20030912002104800.htm |archive-date=13 October 2007 }}</ref> The new maps also revised the boundary in the east to show the Himalayan hill crest as the boundary. In some places, this line is a few kilometres north of the McMahon Line.<ref name="Noorani Perseverance">{{citation |first=A. G. |last=Noorani |title=Perseverance in peace process |newspaper=Frontline |date=16–29 August 2003 |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/article30218522.ece |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110728032740/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2017/stories/20030829001604900.htm |archive-date=28 July 2011}}</ref>

Beginning in 1956, the CIA used Indian territory to recruit Tibetan guerrillas to fight Chinese troops, with a base in [[Kalimpong]], India.<ref>Kenneth Conboy and James Morrison, "The CIA's Secret War in Tibet", ''University Press of Kansas'', 2002, pp. 96-97</ref> The Indian public was outraged when it learned in 1958 that China had built a road between Xinjiang and Tibet through Indian territory in Aksai Chin (historically a part of Indian state of Ladakh).

In 1956, Nehru expressed concern to Chinese Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] that Chinese maps showed some 120,000 square kilometres of Indian territory as Chinese.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> Zhou responded that there were errors in the maps and that they were of little meaning.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> He stated that the maps needed revising from previous years where such ideas were considered to be true.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> In November 1956, Zhou again repeated his assurances that he had no claims based on the maps.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

==Tibet disagreements==
According to John W. Garver, Nehru's policy on Tibet was to create a strong Sino-Indian partnership which would be catalyzed through agreement and compromise on Tibet.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> Garver believes that Nehru's previous actions (befriending China on such issues as war in Korea, the PRC's U.N. admission, the peace treaty with Japan and transfer of Taiwan to the PRC, Indochina, and decolonization and the Afro-Asian movement) had given Nehru a confidence that China would be ready to form an "Asian Axis" with India.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> Much misunderstanding between the two nations led to diplomatic spats over Tibet, with Nehru's move to accommodate the [[Dalai Lama]] overshadowing his other actions and opinions on Tibet, including the opinion that an armed resistance movement in Tibet would be suicidal and counterproductive.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> While China treated India's concerns with Tibet as expansionist, some in India claim that its concerns were in fact sentimental and culturally-linked, as [[Buddhism|Buddhist Tibet]] had been under influence of Indian culture for many years.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

[[Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party]] [[Mao Zedong]] was humiliated by the reception the [[Dalai Lama]] obtained in India when he fled there in March 1959.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> The Tibet disagreements heightened in the Chinese media, with Mao himself asking [[Xinhua News Agency]] on 19 April to produce commentary on unknown Indian expansionists operating in Tibet.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> Mao decided on 25 April to openly criticize Nehru for his Tibet policy:

{{blockquote|Be sharp, don't fear to irritate him [Nehru], don't fear to cause him trouble. Nehru miscalculated the situation believing that China could not suppress the rebellion in Tibet and would have to beg India's help.|[[Mao Zedong]] addressing a Politburo Standing Committee<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>}}

Tensions steadily increased between the two nations when Mao implied that the Lhasa rebellion in Tibet was caused by Indians. On 6 May 1959, Mao published "The Revolution in Tibet and Nehru's Philosophy" where he accused Nehru of openly encouraging Tibetan rebels.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> This publication was evident of China's perception of India as a threat to its rule of Tibet, which became an underlying reason for triggering the Sino-Indian War. India had become the imperialist enemy, with Nehru and his "big [[bourgeoisie]]" striving to "prevent China from exercising full sovereignty over its territory of Tibet" to form of a [[buffer zone]]. On the same day, [[Zhou Enlai]] lashed out at Nehru's "class nature".<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

{{blockquote|Nehru and people from the Indian upper class oppose reform in Tibet, even to the extent of saying that reform is impossible...[They want] Tibet to remain for a long time in a backward state, becoming a 'buffer state' between China and India. This is their guiding mentality, and also the center of the Sino-Indian conflict.|[[Zhou Enlai]]<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>}}

India continued negotiations about Tibet. According to the Indian official history, India wished to express goodwill to China and stop the claims of it having a hostile design in Tibet.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

In August 1959, the Chinese army took an Indian patrol prisoner at [[Longju]], which falls north of the McMahon Line coordinates drawn on the [[Simla Convention]], signed in 1914, map (27°44'30" N), but claimed by India to lie directly on the McMahon Line.<ref name="Noorani Perseverance"/><ref name="Noorani3"/><ref name="Calvin"/> There was another bloody clash in October at [[Kongka Pass]]<ref name="Vivek">{{cite web
|url=http://www.adl.gatech.edu/research/brmsrr/2008/BRMP07010805.pdf
|author=Vivek Ahuja
|title=Unforgiveable Mistakes, The Kongka-La Incident, 21st October 1959
|access-date=2010-11-17
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930230542/http://www.adl.gatech.edu/research/brmsrr/2008/BRMP07010805.pdf
|archive-date=30 September 2011
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> in Aksai Chin in which 9 Indian frontier policemen were killed.<ref name="Guruswamy"/>{{unreliable source?|date=October 2019|reason=See [[Talk:Sino-Indian War#Sources]]}} Recognizing that it was not ready for war, the Indian Army assumed responsibility for the border and pulled back patrols from disputed areas.

On 2 October, [[First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] [[Nikita Khrushchev]] defended Nehru in a meeting with Mao. The Soviet Union's siding with Nehru, as well as the United States' influence in the region, gave China the belief that it was surrounded by enemy forces. On 16 October, General Lei Yingfu reported on Indian expansionism on the [[Thagla Ridge]]. On 18 October, the Chinese government approved the PLA's plan of a "self-defensive counterattack" against India because of its actions in Tibet.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

However, Mao decided against further escalation because he feared that India would retaliate by permitting the U.S. to station [[Lockheed U-2|U-2]] surveillance aircraft on its territory.<ref name="Chang">Chang, Jung and Jon Halliday, ''Mao: The Unknown Story'' (2006), pp. 568, 579.</ref> This would allow the CIA to photograph China's nuclear test site at [[Lop Nor]] in Xinjiang.<ref name="Chang"/> A few days after Kongka Pass, Chinese Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] proposed that each side withdraw 20 kilometres from a "[[Line of Actual Control]]". He defined this line as "the so-called McMahon Line in the east and the line up to which each side exercises actual control in the west".<ref name="Noorani Facts of History"/> Nehru responded with a proposal to turn the disputed area into a no man's land.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071013163851/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,894328-8,00.html "The Shade of the Big Banyan"] ''Time'', 14 Dec. 1959.</ref>

Chinese studies of the 1990s still maintain that India was planning aggression in Tibet. Most Chinese scholars believe that the root cause of the war was India's plan to seize Tibet and turn it into a protectorate or colony of India.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> The official Chinese history of the war states that Nehru was planning to create a "great Indian empire". It was also insisted that there were [[right wing]] nationalist forces that influenced Nehru to pursue the goal of controlling Tibet. Zhao Weiwen, of the Chinese Ministry of State and Security, places emphasis on Nehru's "dark mentality".<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

China's policy on Tibet did much to heighten the conflict and tensions between the two nations. The perceptions of India as a capitalist expansionist body intent on the independence of Tibet to create a buffer zone between India proper and China were fundamentally erroneous. The negative rhetoric led to what Zhou himself called the Sino-Indian conflict.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> Because of these false fears, China treated the Indian Forward Policy of the 1960s, which India admits as a fundamental mistake,<ref name="VKSingh"/> as the beginning of Indian expansionism into Tibet.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

==Border negotiations==
China's 1958 maps showed the large strip of [[Northeastern part of Jammu and Kashmir]] (the Aksai Chin) as Chinese.<ref name="VKSingh"/> In 1960, Zhou Enlai proposed that India drop its claim to [[Aksai Chin]] and China would withdraw its claims from NEFA. According to John W. Garver, Zhou's propositions were unofficial and subtle. Zhou consistently refused to accept the legitimacy of India's territorial claims; he proposed that any negotiations had to take into account the [[facts on the ground]].<ref name="Calvin">{{cite web |last=Calvin |first =James Barnard |date=April 1984 |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1984/CJB.htm |title=The China-India Border War |publisher=Marine Corps Command and Staff College |access-date=2011-10-15}}</ref> Zhou tried many times to get Nehru to accept conceding Aksai Chin, he visited India four times in 1960. However, Nehru believed that China did not have a legitimate claim over both of those territories and was not ready to give away any one of them. However, they had different opinions as to the legality of the [[Simla Convention]] which eventually led to the inability to reach a decision. Nehru's adamance was seen within China as Indian opposition to Chinese rule in Tibet, as China needed the highway through Aksai Chin to maintain an effective control over the Tibetan plateau.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

According to Neville Maxwell, Nehru was not ready to simply concede the territory and leave negotiations at that.<ref name="Neville Maxwell"/>{{page needed|date=October 2019}} He was open to continued negotiations, but did not accept the idea of Indian troops withdrawing from their claimed regions. Nehru stated "''We will negotiate and negotiate and negotiate to the bitter end. I absolutely reject the approach of stopping negotiations at any state.''"<ref name="Neville Maxwell"/>{{page needed|date=October 2019}} He remained firm that there would be no boundary negotiations until Chinese troops withdrew from Aksai Chin and areas south of the British McMahon Line. This was unacceptable to China which never recognized the legal validity of the McMahon Line.<ref name = "Neville Maxwell"/>{{page needed|date=October 2019}}<ref name="Calvin"/> Nehru stated "''We will never compromise on our boundaries, but we are prepared to consider minor adjustments to them and to talk to the other side about them.''" In light of these comments, the international community rallied behind Nehru in claiming that China was at fault in failing to conduct proper negotiations. Maxwell argues that Nehru's words were ambiguous.<ref name="Neville Maxwell"/>{{page needed|date=October 2019}}

According to the official Indian history:

{{blockquote|Nehru did not agree to barter away the Aksai Chin area, under illegal occupation of China, in return for China giving up its unreasonable claim to Indian territory south of the McMahon Line.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>}}

After the talks, India produced its official reports on the talks and translated the Chinese report into English. India believed it would improve a feeling of understanding between the nations. China saw it as an unreasonable attempt by India to secure its claim lines. Nehru's adamance that China withdraw from Aksai Chin and thus abandon the highway was seen as another Indian attempt to undermine China's presence in Tibet. According to John W. Garver, China reached the incorrect conclusion that Nehru was continuing his "grand plans in Tibet".<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

==Early 1960s==
At the beginning of 1961, Nehru appointed General [[B.M. Kaul]] QMG but he was influential in all army decisions.<ref name="Maxwell">{{cite web
| last =Maxwell
| first =Neville
|date= April 2001
| url =http://www.stratmag.com/issue2Dec-1/kargil.htm
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20020426021020/http://www.stratmag.com/issue2Dec-1/kargil.htm
| url-status =dead
| archive-date =2002-04-26
| title =Henderson Brooks Report: An Introduction
| publisher =stratmag.com
| access-date =2006-08-18
}}</ref> Kaul reorganized the general staff and removed the officers who had resisted the idea of patrolling in disputed areas, although Nehru still refused to increase military spending or otherwise prepare for war.<ref name="Maxwell"/> In the summer of 1961, China began patrolling along the McMahon Line. They entered parts of Indian-administered regions and much angered the Indians in doing so. After May 1961 Chinese troops occupied [[Dehra Compass]] and established a post on the [[Chip Chap River]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wirzhu5EaqAC|title=India's Ad Hoc Arsenal|last1=Smith|first1=Chris|year=1994|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=75|isbn=9780198291688}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/indiasquestforse00kavi|url-access=registration|title=India's Quest for Security|last1=Kavic|first1=Lorne J.|year=1967|publisher=University of California Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/indiasquestforse00kavi/page/169 169]}}</ref> The Chinese, however, did not believe they were intruding upon Indian territory. In response the Indians launched a policy of creating outposts behind the Chinese troops so as to cut off their supplies and force their return to China.<ref name="Calvin"/> According to the Home Minister in Delhi on 4 February 1962:

{{blockquote|If the Chinese will not vacate the areas occupied by her, India will have to repeat [[1961 Indian annexation of Goa|what she did in Goa]]. She will certainly drive out the Chinese forces.<ref name="Calvin"/>}}

This has been referred to as the "Forward Policy".<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref><ref name="Neville Maxwell"/>{{page needed|date=October 2019}}<ref name="Noorani3">{{citation |title=Review: India's Forward Policy |first=A. G. |last=Noorani |authorlink=A. G. Noorani |journal=The China Quarterly |volume=43 |date=July–September 1970 |pages=136–141 |doi=10.1017/S0305741000044805 |jstor=652088|s2cid=153324884 }}</ref><ref name="Calvin"/><ref name="Clark">Gregory Clark, "Remembering a War - The 1962 India-China Conflict", Rediff, [http://www.gregoryclark.net/redif.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820204824/http://www.gregoryclark.net/redif.html |date=20 August 2016 }} [http://in.rediff.com/news/2002/oct/24chin.htm]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.in/news/181_284247,001300370003.htm |title=Hindustan Times |access-date=24 April 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927042357/http://www.hindustantimes.in/news/181_284247,001300370003.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> There were eventually 60 such outposts, including 43 north of the McMahon Line.<ref name="Noorani Facts of History"/><ref name="Calvin"/>

Kaul was confident through previous diplomacy that the Chinese would not react with force.<ref name="Neville Maxwell"/>{{page needed|date=October 2019}} According to the Indian Official History, Indian posts and Chinese posts were separated by a narrow stretch of land. China had been steadily spreading into those lands and India reacted with the Forward Policy to demonstrate that those lands were not unoccupied.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> India, of course, did not believe she was intruding on Chinese territory.<ref name="Calvin"/> British author Neville Maxwell traces this confidence to Mullik, who was in regular contact with the CIA station chief in New Delhi.<ref name="Maxwell"/>{{page needed|date=October 2019}} Mullik may therefore have been aware of Mao's sensitivity concerning U-2 flights.

The initial reaction of the Chinese forces was to withdraw when Indian outposts advanced towards them. However, this appeared to encourage the Indian forces to accelerate their Forward Policy even further. In response, the Central Military Commission adopted a policy of "armed coexistence". In response to Indian outposts encircling Chinese positions, Chinese forces would build more outposts to counter-encircle these Indian positions.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> This pattern of encirclement and counter-encirclement resulted in an interlocking, chessboard-like deployment of Chinese and Indian forces. Despite the leapfrogging encirclements by both sides, no hostile fire occurred from either side as troops from both sides were under orders to fire only in defense.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> On the situation, Chairman [[Mao Zedong]] commented,

{{blockquote|Nehru wants to move forward and we won't let him. Originally, we tried to guard against this, but now it seems we cannot prevent it. If he wants to advance, we might as well adopt armed coexistence. You wave a gun, and I'll wave a gun. We'll stand face to face and can each practice our courage.{{sfnp|Garver|2006|p=37}}}}

==Other developments==
At a [[Chinese Communist Party]] conference in Beijing in January 1962, Chinese President [[Liu Shaoqi]] denounced the [[Great Leap Forward]] as responsible for widespread famine.<ref name="Chang"/> The overwhelming majority of delegates expressed agreement, but Defense Minister [[Lin Biao]] staunchly defended Mao.<ref name="Chang"/> A brief period of liberalization followed while Mao and Lin plotted a comeback.<ref name="Chang"/> [[Jung Chang]] writes that China was prepared for war with India after the border clashes in May and June, but were concerned about the [[Republic of China|Nationalists]], which had been making active preparations for invasion from [[Taiwan]], and had moved large forces to the south-east coast.<ref name="Chang"/>

Transcripts from the decision for war was not made by China's leaders until early 6 October 1962, and only then were war plans drawn by China's Central Military Commission.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> Roderik McFarquhar states, "In May–June 1962, the main concern in Beijing was over the threat of an [[Chinese Civil War|invasion from Taiwan]]... Chinese leaders would have been reluctant to provoke hostilities in the Himalayas, which might have meant diverting military resources from the main danger point along the [[Fujian]] coast."<ref>Noorani, A.G., Fresh Insights into the 1962 War. Frontline. 5–18 December 1998, quoting from Roderick, MacFarquhar, ''The Origins of the Cultural Revolution. Vol. 3, The Coming of the Cataclysm 1961-1966''. Oxford University Press.</ref>

The Indian military was not ready for full-scale combat. India had just [[Invasion of Goa|annexed the Portuguese State of India or, Goa]] and was facing border disputes with Pakistan in [[Kashmir]]. The [[Indian National Congress]] proposed non-violent means to solving India's problems, and Indian military leaders, who proposed that India should prepare for a full-scale attack, were ignored or dismissed.

==Early incidents==
Various border conflicts and "military incidents" between India and China flared up throughout the summer and fall of 1962. According to Chinese sources, in June 1962, a minor [[skirmish]] broke out between the two sides, and dozens of members of the [[People's Liberation Army]] killed and wounded. Units of the Indian and Chinese militaries maintained close contact throughout September 1962; however, hostile fire occurred only infrequently.

On 2 May 1962 the Directorate of Military Operations in India had suggested that the air force should be readied for use in NEFA and [[Ladakh]].<ref name="Sukumaran">[https://archive.today/20130902082315/http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/sa/sa_jul03/sa_jul03sur01.html#txt1 CIA Journals] ''1962 India-China War and Kargil 1999: Restrictions on Air Power'' by R. Sukumaran</ref> The Air Force was considered a feasible way to repel the unbalanced ratio of Chinese troops to Indian troops and the Chinese air force was assessed as only capable of limited strategic raids which could be countered by the [[Indian Air Force|Indian air force]].<ref name="Sukumaran"/> Indian Air Force soon started reconnaissance flights over the NEFA border. On 7 May 1962 Chinese troops shot down an Indian Dakota plane in which young officer B. P. Tiwari was lost. Following this incident, the Indian Air Force was told not to plan for [[close air support]].<ref name="Sukumaran"/>

In June, 1962, the Indian Intelligence Bureau said it received information about a Chinese military buildup along the border which could result in a war.<ref name="Sukumaran"/> Information was also received that [[Pakistan]] was considering to attack simultaneously in the west.<ref name="Sukumaran"/> Chinese airfields in Tibet and Yunnan were addressed as a threat to Indian cities, as the PLAAF could conduct heavy bombings through their use of Soviet aeroplanes.<ref name="Sukumaran"/>

On 8 July, the Chinese initiated another diplomatic communication, to protest against an alleged Indian incursion into the [[Galwan River|Galwan Valley]]. According to China Quarterly, the Government of India released press reports to the public indicating that Indian had gained 2,000 mi2 of territory from the Chinese. However, in their diplomatic reply to the Chinese, India denied that any incident had taken place.<ref name="ChinaQuarterly1962">{{cite journal
| author = SOAS
| year = 1962
| title = Quarterly Chronicle and Documentation
| journal = The China Quarterly
| volume = 12 (Oct. - Dec., 1962)
| pages = 252–258
| publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] on behalf of the [[School of Oriental and African Studies]]
| location = London, England
| issn = 0305-7410
| jstor = 651833
| issue = 12}}</ref>

On 10 July 1962, 350 Chinese troops surrounded an Indian post at [[Chushul]], in the Galwan Valley, north of the MacMahon Line.<ref name="Chushul">[http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE3-3/lns.html Battle of Chushul] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010209084245/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE3-3/lns.html |date=9 February 2001 }}</ref> They used loudspeakers to obtain contact with the [[Gurkha]] forces stationed there.<ref name="Chushul"/> The Chinese troops attempted to convince the Gurkhas that they should not be fighting for India, to cause an abandonment of the post.<ref name="Chushul"/> After a fiery argument the 350 Chinese withdrew from the area.<ref name="Chushul"/>

22 July 1962 saw a change in the Forward Policy, according to the official Indian history of the war. While the Forward Policy was initially intended to prevent the Chinese from advancing into empty areas (by occupying them first), "it was now decided to push back the Chinese from posts they already occupied."<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> Whereas Indian troops were previously ordered to fire only in self-defense, all post commanders were now given discretion to open fire upon Chinese forces if threatened.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

In August, 1962, the Chinese military improved its combat readiness along the McMahon Line, particularly in the [[North East Frontier Agency]], [[Tibet]] and [[Xinjiang]]. In Tibet, there were constructions of ammunition dumps and stockpiling of ammunition, weapons and gasoline, though there were no indications of a manpower buildup. China's preparedness for war strongly contrasted with India's, which had largely neglected its military throughout the 1950s.<ref name="Calvin"/> Nehru believed that the Himalayas were a large enough defense against China, however, the Korean war had provided China with practice in mountain combat. This neglect on behalf of India would decide numerous pivotal battles where logistical inadequacy and lack of leadership led to defeat after strong starts.<ref name="Calvin"/>

==Confrontation at Thagla Ridge==
In June 1962, Indian forces had established an outpost called [[Dhola Post]], in the Namkha Chu valley bordering the southern slopes of [[Thagla Ridge]], overlooking the village of [[Le, Tibet|Le]] in Tibet.<ref name="Neville Maxwell"/>{{page needed|date=October 2019}}<ref name="Calvin"/> Based on the treaty map of the 1914 Simla Convention, the McMahon Line lay at 27°45'40"N.<ref name="Neville Maxwell"/>{{page needed|date=October 2019}}<ref name ="Noorani Perseverance"/> However, Dhola post lay about 3.5 mile (6 km) north of the McMahon Line<ref name="Neville Maxwell"/>{{page needed|date=October 2019}}<ref name="Calvin"/><ref name ="Joshi">"Line of Defense", by Manoj Joshi, Times of India, 21 October 2000</ref> The Indian government maintained that the ''intention'' of the McMahon Line was to set the border along the highest ridges, and that the international border fell on the highest ridges of Thagla, about {{convert|3|to|4|mi}} north of the line drawn by [[Henry McMahon (diplomat)|Henry McMahon]] on the treaty map.<ref name="Neville Maxwell"/>{{page needed|date=October 2019}}<ref name ="Noorani Perseverance"/> Brigadier [[John Dalvi]] would later write of this claim: "The Chinese had raised a dispute about the exact alignment of the McMahon Line in the Thagla Ridge area. Therefore the Thagla-Dhola area was not strictly territory that 'we should have been convinced was ours' as directed by the Prime Minister, Mr. Nehru, and someone is guilty of exceeding the limits prescribed by him."<ref name="Noorani3"/>

In August, China issued diplomatic protests which accused India of violating even the McMahon Line,<ref name="Calvin"/> and Chinese soldiers began occupying positions at the top of Thagla, north of Indian positions.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

On 8 September 1962, a 60-strong PLA unit<ref name="Neville Maxwell"/>{{page needed|date=October 2019}}<ref name="Calvin"/> descended from the heights and occupied positions which dominated one of the Indian posts at Dhola. Neither side opened fire for 12 days.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> Nehru had gone to [[London]] to attend a [[Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference]] and, when told of the act, said to the media that the Indian Army had instructions to "free our territory".

According to the official Indian history, a decision was made on 9 September to evict the Chinese from the southern part of the Thagla Ridge, by force, if necessary.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> Two days later, it was decided that "all forward posts and patrols were given permission to fire on any armed Chinese who entered Indian territory".<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

According to author [[Neville Maxwell]], officers at the Indian Defense Ministry had expressed the concern that even Indian maps showed the entire Namkha Chu valley and Dhola Post-Thagla area as Chinese territory; they were told to ignore the maps.<ref name="Neville Maxwell"/>{{page needed|date=October 2019}} However, Nehru's directives to Defense Minister [[V.K. Krishna Menon]] were unclear, and the response, code named Operation LEGHORN, got underway only slowly. As the Chinese numbers were exaggerated to 600 instead of about 50 or 60,<ref name = "Neville Maxwell"/>{{page needed|date=October 2019}}<ref name="Calvin"/> the 9 Punjab battalion, numbering 400 riflemen, was sent to Dhola.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref><ref name="Neville Maxwell"/>{{page needed|date=October 2019}}

By the time the Indian battalion reached the Thagla Ridge area in the [[Chedong]] region on 16 September, north of the McMahon Line,<ref name="Calvin" /> Chinese units controlled both banks of the Namkha Chu valley. The day after, India's Chief of the Army Staff Gen P N Thapar ordered his men to re-take the Thagla Ridge. According to the official Indian history, on 20 September, Indian eastern command ordered all Indian posts and patrols to engage any Chinese patrols within range of their weapons.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> On 20 September, at one of the bridges on the river a firefight developed, killing nine Chinese and Indian soldiers. Skirmishes continued throughout September.<ref name="Calvin"/>

On 4 October, a new corp was created 4 corp, under Lt. Gen. B.M. Kaul,<ref name="Calvin" /> tasked with evicting the Chinese from Dhola-Thagla<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> 10 October was the planned date for Operation Leghorn.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref> Because of the difficulties involved in directly assaulting and taking Thagla, Kaul made the decision instead to occupy nearby Yumtso La to the west, to position his troops behind and dominate the Chinese positions.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

Brigadier John Dalvi, tasked with taking Yumtso La, argued that he lacked necessary supplies and resources to take the pass.<ref name="Calvin"/> On 9 October, Kaul and Brigadier Dalvi agreed to send a patrol of 50 soldiers to Tseng Jong, the approach to Yumtso La, to occupy the position and provide cover before the rest of the battalion would move forward for the occupation of Yumtso La.<ref>{{harvp|Sinha|Athale|Prasad|1992}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref><ref name="Neville Maxwell"/>{{page needed|date=October 2019}}<ref name="Calvin"/>

On 10 October, these 50 Indian troops were met by an emplaced Chinese position of some 1,000 soldiers. The Chinese troops opened fire on the Indians believing that the Indians had intruded upon Chinese land. The Indians were surrounded by a Chinese positions which used mortar fire. However, they managed to hold off the first Chinese assault, inflicting heavy casualties.<ref name="Calvin"/> In the second assault, the Indians began their retreat, realising the situation was hopeless. The Indian patrol suffered 25 casualties, with the Chinese suffering 33. The Chinese troops held their fire as the Indians retreated, and then buried the Indian dead with military honors, as witnessed by the retreating soldiers. This was the first occurrence of heavy fighting in the war.<ref name="Calvin" />

This attack had grave implications for India and Nehru tried to solve the issue, but by 18 October it was clear that the Chinese were preparing for an attack on India, with massive troop buildups on the border.<ref name="Calvin"/>

==See also==
*[[Sino-Indian War]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation |last=Garver |first=John W |chapter=China's Decision for War with India in 1962 |editor1=Alastair Iain Johnston |editor2=Robert S. Ross |title=New Directions in the Study of China's Foreign Policy |publisher=Stanford University Press |date=2006 |chapter-url=http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~johnston/garver.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326032121/http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~johnston/garver.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2009}}
* {{citation |last=Hoffmann |first=Steven A. |title=India and the China Crisis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BpSRwC5_EPUC |year=1990 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-06537-6}}
* {{citation |last=Raghavan |first=Srinath |title=War and Peace in Modern India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EbtBJb1bsHUC |date=2010 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-00737-7}}
* {{citation |first1=P.B. |last1=Sinha |first2=A.A. |last2=Athale |first3=S. N. |last3=Prasad |title=History of the Conflict with China, 1962 |publisher=History Division, Ministry of Defence, Government of India |year=1992 |url=http://www.php.isn.ethz.ch/lory1.ethz.ch/collections/coll_india/documents/WarWithChina_1962_000.pdf}}

==External links==
*[http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?282579 Interview with Neville Maxwell on Sino-Indian war]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Events Leading To The Sino-Indian War}}
[[Category:Sino-Indian War]]
[[Category:Causes of wars|Sino-Indian War, Events leading to the]]

Nivedita Saraf

2026-02-10T18:09:50Z

Qtree2009: stub...

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nivedita Saraf
| image = NiveditaJoshi.jpg
| caption = Nivedita Saraf in 2015
| imagesize = 180px
| occupation = Actress
| yearsactive = 1977–present
| birth_name = Nivedita Joshi
| other_names = Nivedita Joshi Saraf
| birth_place =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1963|04|11}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Ashok Saraf]]|1990}}
| children = 1
| known for =
}}

'''Nivedita Saraf''' ({{nee}} '''Joshi'''; born 11 April 1963) is an Indian film, television and theatre actress known for her work primarily in Marathi, as well as in Hindi films. She has established herself as a prominent figure in Marathi cinema and television, widely recognised for her versatile performances and impactful contribution to the industry.

Saraf began her acting career at the age of 10 on stage and made her film debut as a child actor in the Hindi film ''[[Apnapan]]'' (1977). She gained recognition in Marathi cinema with her first leading role in ''[[Navri Mile Navryala]]'' (1984), alongside her future husband, [[Ashok Saraf]]. Her subsequent films, including ''[[Dhum Dhadaka]]'' (1985), ''Kashasathi Premasathi'' (1987), and ''[[Ashi Hi Banwa Banwi]]'' (1988), established her name as the industry's leading actress. Her performances in ''[[De Danadan]]'' (1987), ''[[Thartharat]]'' (1989), and ''[[Pheka Pheki]]'' (1989) proved her comedic timing and contributed to the success of Marathi films in the 1980s.

Saraf also appeared in Hindi films such as ''[[Narsimha (1991 film)|Narsimha]]'' (1991) and ''[[King Uncle]]'' (1993). Her role in ''[[Majha Chakula]]'' (1994), portraying a mother whose son is kidnapped, earned critical acclaim and marked her last major film before a hiatus. She returned to acting in the Marathi serial ''Bandhan'' (2006) and later made a comeback to films with ''Aata Ga Baya'' (2011) and ''[[Deool Band]]'' (2015).

In recent years, Saraf has gained popularity for her television roles, including Asawari in the hit Marathi serials ''[[Aggabai Sasubai]]'' (2019–2021) and its spin-off ''[[Aggabai Sunbai]]''. She also portrayed Ratnamala Mohite in ''[[Bhagya Dile Tu Mala]]'' (2022–2024) and currently stars as Shubha Killedar in ''Aai Ani Baba Retire Hot Aahet''.

==Early life==
Joshi was born on 11 April 1963 in a family of actors.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nivedita Saraf celebrates her 60th Birthday with husband Ashok Saraf and besties Sachin Pilgaonkar, Supriya Pilgaonkar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/nivedita-saraf-celebrates-her-60th-birthday-with-husband-ashok-saraf-and-besties-sachin-pilgaonkar-supriya-pilgaonkar/articleshow/99401984.cms |access-date=1 June 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=11 April 2023}}</ref> Her father Gajanan Joshi acted in many Marathi films of early 1970s. Her mother was a stage actress Vimal Joshi from the same era.<ref>{{cite news |title=निवेदिता जोशी यांचे आई-वडील, बहीण सगळ्यांचा आहे अभिनयक्षेत्राशी संबंध, केले आहे चित्रपटात काम |url=https://www.lokmat.com/marathi-cinema/nivedita-joshi-parents-and-sisters-are-also-actors-a588/ |work=Lokmat |date=8 June 2021 |language=mr-IN |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>

== Career ==
Joshi began her acting career on the stage at the age of 10. She made her film debut as a child actor in [[J. Om Prakash]]'s Hindi drama film ''[[Apnapan]]'', where she played the role of a beggar alongside [[Sudhir Dalvi]]. The song ''Aadmi Musafir Hai,'' sung by [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and [[Mohammed Rafi]], was picturised on them.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Exclusive: Bhagya Dile Tu Mala's Nivedita Saraf on her journey from Bollywood to Marathi industry, receiving support from husband Ashok Saraf and much more |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/exclusive-bhagya-dile-tu-malas-nivedita-saraf-on-her-journey-from-bollywood-to-marathi-industry-receiving-support-from-husband-ashok-saraf-and-much-more/photostory/92614617.cms?from=mdr |access-date=12 July 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Subsequently, she featured in a few more Hindi films as a child actor, where she was credited as Baby Nivedita Joshi.

In 1984, Joshi landed her first leading role in the Marathi family drama film ''[[Navri Mile Navryala]],'' directed by [[Sachin Pilgaonkar (actor)|Sachin Pilgaonkar]], where she acted for the first time alongside her future husband [[Ashok Saraf]] as a sister. The film was a huge commercial success.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title='Maza Pati Karodpati' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/sachin-pilgaonkars-movies-you-should-not-miss/maza-pati-karodpati/photostory/63410777.cms |access-date=12 July 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The same year, she also acted in ''Gharcha Bhedi.''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Gharcha Bhedi (1984) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/gharcha-bhedi-19677/cast-crew |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712115731/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/gharcha-bhedi-19677/cast-crew |url-status=live |archive-date=12 July 2023 |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref>

In 1985, she was seen in brief roles in the films: ''Ardhangi, [[Paisa Yeh Paisa]],'' and ''Uske Baad''. Her leading role of the year was [[Mahesh Kothare]]'s directorial debut, ''[[Dhum Dhadaka]].'' It starred Kothare, Ashok, [[Laxmikant Berde]], and [[Prema Kiran]]. The film was a remake of the 1964 Tamil film ''[[Kadhalikka Neramillai]].'' After its release, it became a box office hit and was a trendsetter, which brought young audiences to recognise the Marathi style of movie-making.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}

Next, she played a college going girl in ''Kashasathi Premasathi'' (1987), opposite [[Ajinkya Deo]]. The song ''Bhannat Ranwara'' from the film was a chartbuster.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Kashasathi Premasathi (1987) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/kashasathi-premasathi-19747/cast-crew |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521065523/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/kashasathi-premasathi-19747/cast-crew |url-status=live |archive-date=21 May 2022 |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> Her biggest hit of 1987 was Kothare's action comedy ''[[De Danadan]]'', which was inspired by the 1980 Hollywood film ''[[Super Fuzz]]''.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=De Danadan (1987) |url=https://indiancine.ma/ABRG |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>

In 1988, she once again collaborated with Pilgaonkar for the comedy drama film ''[[Ashi Hi Banwa Banwi]].'' Joshi played love interest from Miraj of Shantanu (played by [[Siddharth Ray]]), along with an ensemble cast of Pilgaonkar, Ashok, [[Supriya Pilgaonkar]], Berde, [[Ashwini Bhave]], and [[Priya Berde|Priya Arun]].<ref name=":17" /> The film was a major box office success for Marathi films in the 1980s and achieved cult classic status among Marathi audiences.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=अमेरिका |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/us |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> Next, she starred in Marathi romantic dramas ''Kiss Bai Kiss'' and ''Gholat Ghol'', both featuring Bhave and Berde, which were hits at the box office. The former was based on love triangle, which was also remade in Hindi as [[Honeymoon (1992 film)|''Honeymoon'']] (1992).<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Kiss Bai Kiss on Moviebuff.com |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/kiss-bai-kiss |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=Moviebuff.com}}</ref> Her final film of that year was ''Mamla Porincha,'' a remake of the American film ''[[9 to 5 (film)|9 to 5]]'' (1980) about a womanising boss who has a bad eye on his female employees, fed up with him, they decide to teach him a lesson.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Mamla Porincha (1988) |url=https://www.avclub.com/film/reviews/mamla-porincha-1988 |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=The A.V. Club |language=en}}</ref>

In 1989, Joshi played the main lead role of a journalist of the daily newspaper Apradh who falls in love with a CID Inspector (portrayed by Kothare) in his directorial action comedy ''[[Thartharat]]''.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Live |first=Indian News |date=18 May 2021 |title=Thartharat Movie Cast, Release Date, Time, Trailer, OTT Release! » Indian News Live |url=https://www.indiannewslive.com/thartharat-movie-cast-release-date-time-trailer-ott-release.html |access-date=12 July 2023 |language=en-US |archive-date=29 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429073036/https://www.indiannewslive.com/thartharat-movie-cast-release-date-time-trailer-ott-release.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film was huge box-office success of that year.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kothare |first=Mahesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9f2lEAAAQBAJ&dq=damn+it+ani+barach+kahi+reviews&pg=PT199 |title=DAMN IT ANI BARACH KAHI |date=1 January 2023 |publisher=Mehta Publishing House Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-81-959709-6-4 |language=mr}}</ref> Her next releases were the comedy dramas ''[[Balache Baap Brahmachari]],''<ref name="बाळाचे बाप ब्रम्हचारी">{{Cite web |title=बाळाचे बाप ब्रम्हचारी |url=https://www.marathifilmdata.com/chitrapat/balache-baap-bhramachari/ |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=मराठी चित्रपट सूची |language=en-US}}</ref> ''De Dhadak Be Dhadak''<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=De Dhadak Be Dhadak (1990) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/de-dhadak-be-dhadak-19816/cast-crew |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702180023/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/de-dhadak-be-dhadak-19816/cast-crew |url-status=live |archive-date=2 July 2022 |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> and ''[[Pheka Pheki]].'' The lattermost was remade in Hindi as ''[[Golmaal Returns]]'' (2008).<ref name="filmfare.com">{{Cite web |title=3 Bollywood films that were inspired by Marathi movies |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/3-bollywood-films-that-were-inspired-by-marathi-movies-29493.html |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>

In 1990, she played a supporting role in the crime drama ''[[Aamchyasarkhe Aamhich]]''. Next, she starred in the drama film ''Tuzhi Mazhi Jamli Jodi,'' which revolves around two girl-friends whose marriage gets fixed at the same time, and one has to go through troubles due to which their friendship is effected.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Tujhi Majhi Jamli Jodi (1990) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AFJT |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> The next releases were ''Dhamal Bablya Ganpyachi'' and ''[[Changu Mangu]].''<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Changu Mangu (1988) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/changu-mangu-19766/cast-crew |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419042839/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/changu-mangu-19766/cast-crew |url-status=live |archive-date=19 April 2023 |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> All four films featured her husband, Ashok.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Dhamal Bablya Ganpyachi (1990) |url=https://www.avclub.com/film/reviews/dhamal-bablya-ganpyachi-1990 |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=The A.V. Club |language=en}}</ref>

Following these years, she was also part of the Hindi films ''[[Narsimha (1991 film)|Narsimha]]'' (1991) and ''[[King Uncle]]'' (1993). After a two-years gap from Marathi films, she starred in ''Tu Sukhkarta'' (1993), where she portrayed a woman who has devoted her life to spirituality and intends not to get married.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Tu Sukhkarta (1993) |url=https://www.avclub.com/film/reviews/tu-sukhkarta-1993 |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=The A.V. Club |language=en}}</ref>

In 1994, she played the mother of a young boy who is kidnapped by robbers in Kothare's drama film ''[[Majha Chakula]]''. Her performance and the film were critically and commercially successful. This film also marked Joshi and Kothare's fourth and last collaboration together.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=Maza Chhakula (1994) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/maza-chhakula-19936/cast-crew |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707075323/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/maza-chhakula-19936/cast-crew |url-status=live |archive-date=7 July 2022 |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> ''Majha Chakula'' was the last film she shot before her maternity break, but ''Dhamaal Jodi'' (1995) was released later.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=Dhamal Jodi (1995) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/dhamal-jodi-19949/cast-crew |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712115733/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/dhamal-jodi-19949/cast-crew |url-status=live |archive-date=12 July 2023 |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref>

Joshi's only appearance during her break was in the 2006 Marathi serial ''Bandhan,'' which aired on [[Zee Marathi]]. She made her comeback to films after 15 years, with the 2011 film ''Aata Ga Baya,'' in which she was seen in a negative role. Her last feature in the film was ''[[Deool Band]]''.

Joshi has played Asawari in the Marathi-language serial ''[[Aggabai Sasubai]]'' on [[Zee Marathi]] from 2019 to 2021, a role she reprised in the spin-off ''[[Aggabai Sunbai (TV series)|Aggabai Sunbai]]''. She played a role in [[Colors Marathi|Colors Marathi's]] ''[[Bhagya Dile Tu Mala]]'' from 2022 to 2024 as Ratnamala Mohite. Currently, she is playing the role of Shubha Killedar in [[Star Pravah|Star Pravah's]] ''Aai Ani Baba Retire Hot Aahet''.

== Personal life ==
She married actor [[Ashok Saraf]] in 1990.<ref name=":17">{{cite news |last1=Atulkar |first1=Preeti |date=19 July 2016 |title=Guess who is Nivedita Saraf's guru |language=en |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/Guess-who-is-Nivedita-Sarafs-guru/articleshow/53282875.cms |access-date=6 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="life">{{cite news |date=16 December 2019 |title=From marrying an actor twice her age to playing a lead at 54: A look at 'Agga Bai Sasubai' fame Nivedita Ashok Saraf's life |language=en |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/from-marrying-an-actor-twice-her-age-to-playing-a-lead-at-54-a-look-at-agga-bai-sasubai-fame-nivedita-ashok-sarafs-life/photostory/72762395.cms |access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> They have a son named Aniket Saraf who is a chef.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 April 2020 |title=Aggabai Sasubai actor Nivedita Saraf wishes son Aniket on his birthday; writes a heartfelt note |language=en |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/aggabai-sasubai-actor-nivedita-saraf-wishes-son-aniket-on-his-birthday-writes-a-heartfelt-note/articleshow/75275791.cms |access-date=4 September 2020}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===

{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
|1977
|''[[Apnapan]]''
|Beggar
|[[Hindi cinema|Hindi]]
|[[Child actor|Child Artist]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|1978
|''Jalan''
| rowspan="2" |Nivedita
|Hindi
|Child Artist
|
|-
|1980
|''[[Parivartan]]''
|Hindi
|Child Artist
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1984
|''[[Navri Mile Navryala]]''
|Kaladevi Inamdar
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| First Lead Role
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|''Gharcha Bhedi''
|Aarti Joshi
|Marathi
|
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
| rowspan="4" |1985
|''[[Dhum Dhadaka]]''
|Gauri Wakade
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''[[Paisa Yeh Paisa]]''
|Rekha
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|''Ardhangi''
|
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|''Uske Baad''
|
|Hindi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1986
|''Naval Katha''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''Tu Saubhagyavati Ho''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |1987
|''[[Naam O Nishan]]''
|Chutki Singh
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|''[[Marte Dam Tak]]''
|Rajni Mathur
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|''Kashasathi Premasathi''
|Tanuja Sardeshmukh (Tanu)
|Marathi
|
|<ref name=":4" />
|-
|''Irasaal Karti''
|Chameli
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''[[De Danadan]]''
|Gauri Dhoipode
|Marathi
|
|<ref name=":5" />
|-
| rowspan="9" |1988
|''[[Ashi Hi Banwa Banwi]]''
|Sushma
|Marathi
|
|<ref name=":6" />
|-
|''[[Ghar Mein Ram Gali Mein Shyam]]''
|Kamla
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|''Kiss Bai Kiss''
|Archana
|Marathi
|
|<ref name=":7" />
|-
|''[[Pyaar Mohabbat]]''
|
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|''Mere Baad''
|
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|''Sarvashrestha''
|Madhuri
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|''Gholat Ghol''
|Kavita
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''Mamla Porincha''
|Nanda
|Marathi
|
|<ref name=":8" />
|-
|''Afsar''
|
|Hindi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |1989
|''[[Thartharat]]''
|Uma Desai
|Marathi
|
|<ref name=":9" />
|-
|''[[Balache Baap Brahmachari]]''
| Meenakshi Aasankar
|Marathi
|
|<ref name="बाळाचे बाप ब्रम्हचारी"/>
|-
|''Jaaydaad''
|Rajesh's sister
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|''[[Pheka Pheki]]''
|Rekha Phadke
|Marathi
|
|<ref name="filmfare.com"/>
|-
|''De Dhadak Be Dhadak''
|Mona
|Marathi
|
|<ref name=":10" />
|-
| rowspan="5" |1990
|''Tuzhi Mazhi Jamli Jodi''
|Priya
|Marathi
|
|<ref name=":11" />
|-
|''Dhamal Bablya Ganpyachi''
|Manisha
|Marathi
|
|<ref name=":13" />
|-
|''Lapwa Chhapwi''
|Radha Krishna
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''[[Aamchyasarkhe Aamhich|Amchyasarkhe Aamhich]]''
|Champa Joshi
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|''[[Changu Mangu]]''
|Sheela Khatle
|Marathi
|
|<ref name=":12" />
|-
|1991
|''[[Narsimha (1991 film)|Narsimha]]''
|Seema
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|1992
|''Naseebwaala''
|Sheela
|Hindi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1993
|''[[King Uncle]]''
|Sunita
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|''Tu Sukhakarta''
|Varsha
|Marathi
|
|<ref name=":14" />
|-
|1994
|''[[Majha Chakula]]''
|Yashoda
|Marathi
|Nominated [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Marathi]]
|<ref name=":15" />
|-
|1995
|''Dhamaal Jodi''
|Neha
|Marathi
|
|<ref name=":16" />
|-
|1996
|''Balgobin Bhagat''
|
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|1999
|''Sar Ankhon Par''
|Radha
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|2008
|''Mohini''
|[[Lavani]] dancer
|Marathi
|Cameo appearance in the Song "Aaicha Sangava Aala Re"
|
|-
|2011
|''Aata Ga Baya''
|Manee's stepmother
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|2013
|''We Are On! Houn Jau Dya''
|Age housing society member
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|2015
|''[[Deool Band]]''
|Raghav's mother
|Marathi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2025
|''[[Sangeet Manapmaan]]''
|Rani Sarkar VijayLaxmi
|Marathi
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=रसाळ |first=भाग्यश्री |date=1 November 2024 |title=कथा शौर्याची, धैर्याची... सुबोध भावेच्या 'संगीत मानापमान' चा पहिला टीझर प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/subodh-bhave-and-vaidehi-parashurami-movie-sangeet-manapmaan-movie-teaser-out/articleshow/114839697.cms |work=Maharashtra Times |language=mr |access-date=28 February 2025}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Fussclass Dabhade]]''
|Sulochana Dabhade
|Marathi
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=मेढे |first=जयदीप |date=31 October 2024 |title=झिम्माच्या टीमचा नवा सिनेमा, दिवाळीच्या मुहूर्तावर हेमंत ढोमेच्या फसक्लास दाभाडेचं पोस्टर रिलीज |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/fussclass-dabhade-hemant-dhome-launch-his-new-movie-poster-movie-will-release-on-24th-jan-2024-1323282 |work=ABP Marathi |language=mr |access-date=28 February 2025}}</ref>
|-
|''Bin Lagnachi Goshta''
|Uma
|Marathi
|
|
|}

=== Television ===

{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
|1984
|''[[Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi]]''
|Raja's wife
|Hindi
|Television debut
|
|-
|1990
|''Bhikaji Rao Karodpati''
|Bhikaji's wife
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|2000
|''[[Don't Worry Ho Jayega]]''
|
|Hindi
|As producer
|
|-
|2006-2007
|''Bandhan''
|Padmini
|Marathi
|Lead role
|
|-
|2010-2012
|''[[Sapnon Se Bhare Naina|Sapno Se Bhare Naina]]''
|Naina's mother
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|2015
|''[[Phir Bhi Na Maane...Badtameez Dil]]''
|Suman Purohit
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|2016-2017
|''Duheri''
|Dushyant's mother
|Marathi
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chaturvedi |first1=Vinita |title=It's a myth that Marathi TV pays less money: Nivedita Joshi Saraf |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/its-a-myth-that-marathi-tv-pays-less-money-nivedita-joshi-saraf/articleshow/64615978.cms |access-date=11 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=16 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 2017 |title=Duheri completes 200 episodes |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/duheri-completes-200-episodes/articleshow/56601977.cms |access-date=12 July 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''[[Kesari Nandan]]''
|Bhakti Singh (Dadi Sa)
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|2019-2021
|''[[Aggabai Sasubai]]''
|Asavari Kulkarni / Asavari Raje
|Marathi
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 July 2019 |title=Agga Bai Sasubai's Nivedita Saraf: Age is just a number |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/agga-bai-sasubais-nivedita-saraf-age-is-just-a-number/articleshow/70447870.cms |access-date=12 July 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Aggabai Sunbai (TV series)|Aggabai Sunbai]]''
|Asavari Raje
|Marathi
|
|{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}
|-
|2022–2024
|''[[Bhagya Dile Tu Mala]]''
|Ratnamala Mohite
|Marathi
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nivedita Saraf to play a pivotal role in soon-to-be-launched 'Bhagya Dile Tu Mala' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/nivedita-saraf-to-play-a-pivotal-role-in-soon-to-be-launched-bhagya-dile-tu-mala/articleshow/90511558.cms |access-date=18 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|2024–2025
|''Aai Ani Baba Retire Hot Aahet''
|Shubhangi "Shubha" Killedar
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|2025–2026
|''Ashok Ma.Ma''
|Nivedita
|Marathi
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Photos: निवेदिता सराफ यांचा 'अशोक मा. मा.' मालिकेसाठी खास लूक; खणाच्या ओढणीची चर्चा |url=https://www.loksatta.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/5520954/ashok-ma-ma-tv-serial-fame-nivedita-saraf-golden-dress-khuun-dupatta-look-viral-sdn-96/ |website=Loksatta |language=mr |date=20 November 2025 |access-date=10 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=रसाळ |first=भाग्यश्री |date=7 November 2025 |title=अखेर बऱ्याच वर्षांनंतर पूर्ण झाली निवेदिता सराफ यांची 'ती' इच्छा, म्हणाल्या ते माझ्यासाठी ... |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/photogallery/entertainment/nivedita-saraf-first-reaction-on-working-in-tv-serial-with-husbandashoksaraf/photoshow/125153549.cms |work=Maharashtra Times |language=mr |access-date=10 February 2026}}</ref>
|}

=== Plays ===

* ''Tilak–Agarkar''
* ''Akhercha Sawaal''
* ''Premachya Gava Jave''
* ''Shrimant''
* ''Tujhya-Mazyat''
* ''Cottage No. 54''
* ''Hasat Khelat''
* ''Vahato Hi Durvanchi Judi''
* ''Vegla Vhayachay Mala''
* ''Sangeet Sanshaykallol''
* ''Wada Chirebandi''
* ''Magna Talyakathi''
* ''Mi, Swara Aani Te Dogha''

=== Web-series ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Ref.
|-
|2022
|''Athanga''
|Aau
|Marathi
|<ref>{{cite news |title=टक्कल, पाण्याने भरलेले डोळे अन्…; निवेदिता सराफ यांनी शेअर केलेला फोटो ठरतोय चर्चेचा विषय|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/ott/nivedita-saraf-to-play-important-role-in-athang-web-series-first-look-goes-viral-kak-96-3296047/ |work=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr |date=25 November 2022 |access-date=18 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Duranga|Duranga 2]]''
|Gayatri Jaykar
|Hindi
|
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Awards
!Category
!Film/Show
!Ref.
|-
|1990
|[[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|''Tujhi Majhi Jamli Jodi''
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2019
| rowspan="4" |[[Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards 2019|Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards]]
|Best Mother
| rowspan="5" |''[[Aggabai Sasubai]]''
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 October 2019|title=Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Award 2019 Full Winners List: Asawari, Summi, Mohan Win Big|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/zee-marathi-utsav-natyancha-award-2019-full-winners-list-asawari-summi-mohan-win-big|access-date=12 April 2021|website=ZEE5 News|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Best Mother-in-law
|-
|Best Daughter-in-law
|-
|Best Couple (Abhijeet-Asavari)
|-
|2021
|[[Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards 2020-21|Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards]]
|Best Mother-in-law
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bendre |first=Ashish |date=29 March 2021 |title=Zee Marathi Awards स्वीटू-शकू-आसावरीला पुरस्कार, 'देवमाणूस' बेस्ट खलनायक, झी मराठी अवॉर्ड विजेत्यांची यादी|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/zee-marathi-awards-2020-21-winners-list-427293.html |work=[[TV9 Marathi]] |language=mr |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
|Colors Marathi Award
|Best Mother
|''[[Bhagya Dile Tu Mala]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colors Marathi: 'या' अभिनेत्रींनी गाजवला कलर्स मराठी अवॉर्ड.. |url=https://www.esakal.com/ampstories/web-story/colors-marathi-award-2023-winner-list-marathi-serial-update-nsa95 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref>
|-
|Navarashtra Planet Marathi Film and OTT Award
|Best Supporting Actress – OTT
|''Athanga''
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=साधना |date=5 May 2023 |title=पहिलावहिला 'नवराष्ट्र प्लॅनेट मराठी फिल्म ॲन्ड ओटीटी अवॉर्ड' सोहळा दिमाखात संपन्न|url=https://www.navarashtra.com/movies/navarashtra-planet-marathi-film-and-ott-awards-2023-program-nrsr-395228.html |work=Navarashtra |language=mr |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" |2025
|Star Pravah Parivar Puraskar
|Best Mother
|''Aai Aani Baba Retire Hot Aahet''
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=सलग दुसऱ्या वर्षी 'ठरलं तर मग' झाली 'स्टार प्रवाह'ची महामालिका! यंदाची 'सर्वोत्कृष्ट खलनायिका' कोण? वाचा विजेत्यांची संपूर्ण यादी|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/star-pravah-parivaar-puraskar-full-list-of-awards-winner-tharla-tar-mag-become-best-serial-second-time-in-row-sva-00-4953453/ |work=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr |date=17 March 2025 |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref>
|-
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]
|Lifetime Achievement Award
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title="काय बोलू, खूप भावनिक…", निवेदिता सराफ यांचे डोळे पाणावले; महानायिकेचा लाडक्या मैत्रिणीच्या हस्ते सन्मान, पाहा प्रोमो…|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-chitra-gaurav-nivedita-saraf-awarded-with-jeevan-gaurav-actress-become-emotional-watch-promo-sva-00-4923028/ |work=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr |date=1 March 2025 |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref>
|-
|Gandhar Gaurav Award
|Contribution in the field of Arts
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=शिंदे-पॉल |first=रसिका |date=28 October 2025 |title=Nivedita Saraf यांना यंदाचा गंधार गौरव पुरस्कार जाहीर! |url=https://kalakrutimedia.com/nivedita-saraf-will-be-honourd-by-gandhar-award/ |access-date=10 February 2026 |website=Kalakruti Media |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|Suvichar Gaurav Award
|Contribution in the field of Arts
|
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|nm0430806}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saraf, Nivedita}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]

Lagira Zala Ji

2026-01-30T13:22:49Z

Qtree2009: created first article w/ sources - done

{{Short description|2017 Indian Marathi language TV series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Lagir Zhala Ji.jpeg
| image_size =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| theme_music_composer = [[AV Prafullachandra]]
| opentheme = Lakhat Ek Majha Fauji
| country = India
| director = Sanjay Khambe
| writer = Tejpal Wagh
| producer = [[Shweta Shinde]] Sanjay Khambe
| company = [[Vajra Production]]
| language = Marathi
| num_episodes = 682
| runtime = 22 minutes
| location = Chandwadi, [[Satara district|Satara]], [[Maharashtra]]
| network = [[Zee Marathi]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2017|05|01|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2019|06|22|df=y}}
}}

'''''Lagira Zala Ji''''' is an Indian [[Marathi language]] television drama series which aired on [[Zee Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Watch promo; Sheetal and Ajinkya all set to get married in Lagira Zhala Jee |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/watch-promo-sheetal-and-ajinkya-all-set-to-get-married-in-lagira-zhala-jee/articleshow/64027612.cms |access-date=18 November 2023 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 May 2018}}</ref> It premiered from 1 May 2017 by replacing ''[[Jai Malhar]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lagira Zhala Ji completes 400 episodes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/lagira-zhala-ji-completes-400-episodes/articleshow/65230791.cms |access-date=18 November 2023 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=1 August 2018}}</ref> It is produced by [[Shweta Shinde]] under the banner of [[Vajra Production]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lagira Zhala Jee's special R-Day show inspires youth |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/lagira-zhala-jees-special-r-day-show-inspires-youth/articleshow/67714221.cms |access-date=18 November 2023 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 January 2019}}</ref> It starred [[Nitish Chavan]] and [[Shivani Baokar]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news |title=TV show Lagira Zhala Ji celebrates 300 successful episodes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/tv-show-lagira-zala-ji-celebrates-300-successful-episodes/articleshow/63730026.cms |access-date=5 July 2022 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=12 April 2018}}</ref> It ended on 22 June 2019 completing 682 episodes.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lagira Zhala Jee's Sheetal aka Shivani Baokar gets a make-over, says I love to wear western outfits |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/lagira-zhala-jees-sheetal-aka-shivani-baokar-gets-a-make-over-says-i-love-to-wear-western-outfits/articleshow/64123065.cms |access-date=18 November 2023 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=11 May 2018}}</ref>

== Plot ==
It is the story of an orphaned Ajinkya Shinde belonging to a small village near [[Satara district|Satara]]. He is a dedicated follower of Maratha king [[Shivaji]] and dreams of joining the [[Indian Army]] and serving the nation, for which he is preparing himself to achieve. Ajinkya has already lost his parents in a mine explosion and live with his maternal uncle, aunt, grandma and cousin sister. Since he lost his parents in an explosion, he wants to be in the army and fight against the terrorists. If needed, then he is even ready to sacrifice his own life for his country. That is his ideology. Sheetal is Ajinkya's love interest. Ajinkya and Sheetal, in spite of sparkling chemistry between themselves, cannot stand each other's presence. But slowly they fall in love. Later on, Sheetal's family arranges her marriage with Harshvardhan Deshmukh, who turns out to be an illegal arms businessman. On the other side, Ajinkya gets chance in army training. Ajinkya works with the army to capture Harshvardhan and succeeds. Ajinkya marries Sheetal under the situation.<ref>{{Cite news |title=It's Eid Mubarak on Lagira Zala Jee |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/eid-on-lagira-zala-jee/articleshow/59271123.cms |access-date=18 November 2023 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 June 2017}}</ref>

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Shivani Baokar]] as Sheetal Surendra Pawar / Sheetal Ajinkya Shinde
* [[Nitish Chavan]] as Fauji Ajinkya Shinde (Ajya)

=== Recurring ===
;Bhoite family
* Kiran Dhane / Purva Shinde as Jayashri Samadhan Bhoite / Jayashri Harshvardhan Deshmukh (Jaydi)
* Vidya Sawale / Kalyani Chaudhari as Pushpa Samadhan Bhoite<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lagira Zhala Ji features replacement of Jaydi and Mami|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/lagira-zhala-ji-features-replacement-of-jaydi-and-mami/articleshow/64700689.cms |access-date=2 December 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 June 2018 }}</ref>
* Santosh Patil as Samadhan Bhoite
* Kamal Thoke as Jiji

;Pawar family
* Devendra Deo as Surendra Shivram Pawar (Nana)
* Daya Eksambekar as Usha Surendra Pawar
* Saurabh Bhise as Saurabh Surendra Pawar
* Dhondiram Karande as Appa Shivram Pawar
* Manjusha Khetri as Neelam Appa Pawar
* Sandip Jangam as Jitendra Shivram Pawar (Jitu)
* Shivani Ghatge as Suman Jitendra Pawar
* Dhruv Gosavi as Dhruv Jitendra Pawar

;Deshmukh family
* Kiran Gaikwad as Harshvardhan Yuvraj Deshmukh (Bhaiyyasaheb)
* Yogini Pophale as Pratibha Yuvraj Deshmukh / Pratibha Pratapsingh Jagtap (Taisaheb)
* Bharati Dole as Aaisaheb
* Vedraj Anapat as Sangramsingh Pratapsingh Jagtap (Simba)
* Mahesh Jadhav as Mahesh (Talent)

=== Others ===
;Fauji
* [[Nikhil Chavan]] as Vikram Raut (Vikya)
* Vikram Gaikwad aa Dheeraj Nikam
* Pradeep Kothmire as Ajay Desai
* Mahesh Ghag as Hanumant Phadtare
* Shriram Lokhande as Abhay Marane
* Aniket Lad as Pashya
* Varinder Singh as Sardarji
* Amit Kulkarni as K.K.
* Arjun Kusumbe as Shailesh
* Sumeet Pusavale as Sumit
* Rahul Jagtap as Rahul

;Villagers
* Rahul Magdum as Rahul Ravindra Tate
* Nilima Kamane as Neelima Ravindra Tate
* Amarnath Kharade as Jameer (Jamya)
* Laxmi Vibhute as Yasmin
* Prafullkumar Kamble as Rafiq
* Trupti Navale as Amina
* Saya Kashid as Pooja
* Kiran Dalvi as Gotya
* Rukmini Sutar as Radha
* Sachin Hagavane-Patil
* Shekhar Sawant
* Anita Chavan
* Ashok Gurav
* Bhakti Zanzane
* Abhishek Vernekar

== Reception ==
=== Special episode (1 hour) ===
* 22 July 2018<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lagira Zhala Ji's Ajinkya and Sheetal finally get married in a Samuhik Vivah Sohala |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/lagira-zhala-jis-ajinkya-and-sheetal-finally-get-married-in-a-samuhik-vivah-sohala/articleshow/64288820.cms |access-date=2 December 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 May 2018 }}</ref>
* 2 September 2018<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2018 |title=Bhaiyasaheb and Jaydi to get married |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/v/s/m.timesofindia.com/tv/news/marathi/lagira-zhala-ji-bhaiyasaheb-and-jaydi-to-get-married/articleshow/65604160.cms |access-date=13 January 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* 6 January 2019<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2019 |title=Harshavardhan to leave Sheetal's house |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/lagira-zhala-ji-harshavardhan-to-leave-sheetals-house/articleshow/67361966.cms |access-date=13 January 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== Ratings ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2"| Week
! rowspan="2"| Year
! colspan="2"| [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]] Viewership
! rowspan="2"| Ref.
|-
! [[Target Rating Point|TRP]]
! Rank
|-
| Week 27
| 2017
| 2.0
| 5
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=जाणून घ्या कोणती मालिका टीआरपीत ठरतेय अव्वल |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/tujhyat-jeev-rangala-mazhya-navryachi-bayko-marathi-serials-trp-from-1-to-7-july-1511528/ |access-date=10 April 2022 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| Week 31
| 2017
| 2.7
| 4
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=टीआरपी: 'गाव गाता गजाली' टॉप ५ मध्ये |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/gaav-gata-gajali-in-top-5-in-trp-rating/377994 |access-date=10 April 2022 |website=[[Zee 24 Taas]] |date=17 August 2017 |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| Week 37
| 2017
| 3.5
| 3
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=टीआरपीमध्ये माझ्या नवऱ्याची बायको पुन्हा अव्वल |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/mazya-navryachi-bayko-top-in-serial/384902 |access-date=10 April 2022 |website=[[Zee 24 Taas]] |date=24 September 2017 |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| Week 49
| 2017
| 3.8
| 3
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zee Marathi serials rule in 2017 |url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/zee-marathi-serials-rule-in-2017-2070127.html |access-date=9 June 2022 |website=[[Zee News]]}}</ref>
|-
| Week 15
| 2018
| 2.5
| 4
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='माझ्या नवऱ्याची बायको' टीआरपीमध्ये एक नंबर |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/mazya-navryachi-bayko-top-in-trp/426628 |access-date=10 April 2022 |website=[[Zee 24 Taas]] |date=24 April 2018 |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| Week 19
| 2018
| 3.1
| 3
|<ref>{{cite news |title=टीआरपीमध्ये 'ही' मालिका नंबर वन |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/tujhyat-jeev-rangala-zee-marathi-serial-top-in-trp/430105 |access-date=10 April 2022 |website=[[Zee 24 Taas]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| Week 34
| 2018
| 3.4
| 5
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mazhya Navryachi Bayko rules the TRP chart; Tula Pahate Re secures its position to the top five shows |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/mazhya-navryachi-bayko-rules-the-trp-chart-tula-pahate-re-secures-its-position-to-the-top-five-shows/articleshow/65621980.cms |access-date=10 April 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=31 August 2018 }}</ref>
|-
| Week 25
| 2019
| 3.2
| 4
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=#TRP मीटर: जाता जाता 'लागिरं झालं जी'नं मारली बाजी |url=https://lokmat.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/trp-rating-mazya-navryachi-bayako-is-no-1-and-sambhaji-on-3rd-zee-marathi-mhsd-386082.html |access-date=10 April 2022 |website=[[News18 Lokmat]] |language=mr |archive-date=2021-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811130932/https://lokmat.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/trp-rating-mazya-navryachi-bayako-is-no-1-and-sambhaji-on-3rd-zee-marathi-mhsd-386082.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| Week 26
| 2019
| 5.7
| 1
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Major changes in the TRP chart; Lagira Zhala Ji beats Mazhya Navryachi Bayko |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/major-changes-in-the-trp-chart-lagira-zhala-ji-beats-mazhya-navryachi-bayko/articleshow/70088760.cms |access-date=14 January 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 July 2019 }}</ref>
|}

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; margin-right: 0;"
! style="background:lightblue; width:10%;"| Language
! style="background:lightblue; width:25%;"| Title
! style="background:lightblue; width:20%;"| Original release
! style="background:lightblue; width:10%;"| Network(s)
! style="background:lightblue; width:10%;"| Last aired
! style="background:lightblue; width:10%;"| Notes
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| ''Lagira Zala Ji'' लागिरं झालं जी
| 1 May 2017
| [[Zee Marathi]]
| 22 June 2019
| Original
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| ''[[Rangiye Diye Jao]]'' রাঙিয়ে দিয়ে যাও
| 11 December 2017
| [[Zee Bangla]]
| 15 June 2018
| rowspan="2"| Remake
|-
| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| ''[[Kamli Ishq Di]]'' ਕਮਲੀ ਇਸ਼ਕ ਦੀ
| 13 January 2020
| [[Zee Punjabi]]
| 11 June 2021
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards]]
! Year
! Category
! Recipient
! Ref.
|-
| rowspan="10" | 2017
| ''Best Series''
| [[Shweta Shinde]] & Sanjay Khambe
| rowspan="10" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2017 |title=झी मराठी अवॉर्ड्सवर 'लागिरं झालं जी'ची ठसठशीत मोहोर |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/zee-marathi-awards-2017-winners-lagira-zhala-jee-grabs-10-awards-1567407/ |access-date=14 January 2021 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| ''Best Actress''
| [[Shivani Baokar]]
|-
| ''Best Couple''
| [[Shivani Baokar]]-[[Nitish Chavan]]
|-
| ''Best Title Song''
| [[AV Prafullachandra]]
|-
| ''Best Character Male''
| Rahul Magdum
|-
| ''Best Supporting Male''
| [[Nikhil Chavan]]
|-
| ''Best Supporting Female''
| Kiran Dhane
|-
| ''Best Father''
| Devendra Deo
|-
| ''Best Grandmother''
| Kamal Thoke
|-
| ''Best Child Character''
| Dhruv Gosavi
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
| ''Best Comedy Character''
| Rahul Magdum
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2018 |title=झी मराठी अवॉर्ड्स २०१८च्या पुरस्कारांची यादी |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/zee-marathi-awards-2018-winner-list/449068 |access-date=14 January 2021 |website=[[Zee 24 Taas]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| ''Best Negative Actor''
| Kiran Gaikwad
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/lagira-zhala-jee/0-6-339 ''Lagira Zala Ji''] at [[ZEE5]]
* {{IMDb title|tt10271948}}

[[Category:2017 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2019 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]

Joseph Beardsell

2026-01-29T18:53:51Z

Qtree2009: corrected details and added references

{{short description|English cricketer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name =
| image =
| country = England
| fullname = Joseph Bentley Beardsell
| birth_date = 17 March 1907
| birth_place = [[Stockport]], [[Lancashire]], England
| death_date = {{death date and age|1978|1|13|1907|3|17|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Chennai|Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| nickname =
| family =
| batting = Unknown
| bowling =
| role =
| club1 = [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
| year1 = 1947/48
| columns = 1
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| matches1 = 1
| runs1 = 16
| bat avg1 = 16.00
| 100s/50s1 = –/–
| top score1 = 16
| hidedeliveries = true
| catches/stumpings1 = –/–
| date = 15 November
| year = 2021
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/27035.html ESPNcricinfo
}}

'''Joseph Bentley Beardsell''' (17 March 1907 – 13 January 1978) was a first-class [[cricket]]er in India where he had emigrated to from England.

Beardsell was born at [[Stockport]] in March 1907. He was educated at [[Clifton College]],<ref name="BOOK">{{cite book |title=Clifton College Register, 1862 to 1962|last=Beachcroft|first=S. P.|publisher=[[J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd]]|location=Bristol|year=1962|page=214|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T8NKAAAAYAAJ|language=en}}</ref> before going up to [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Cambridge University List of Members for the Year 1964|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|location=Cambridge|year=1962|page=64|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5vkAAAAMAAJ|language=en}}</ref> After graduating from Oxford, he worked for the family company J. B. Beardsell Ltd in [[Manchester]], before moving to [[British India]] in 1933 where he gained employment in [[Chennai|Madras]] with another family company, W. A. Beardsell Ltd, which specialised in exports.<ref name="BOOK"/><ref>{{cite book |title=A Colonial Economy in the Great Depression, Madras (1929-1937)|first=K. A.|last=Manikumar|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|location=Hyderabad|year=2003|page=88|isbn=9788125024569|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GI24vQuNFjUC|language=en}}</ref> He was a prominent [[rugby union]] player in Madras, playing in the [[All India & South Asia Rugby Tournament|All India Rugby Tournament]] for [[Madras Rugby Club]] from 1933 to 1935.<ref name="BOOK"/> Beardsell was a [[captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] in the [[Auxiliary Force (India)|Indian Auxiliary Force]] by the time of the [[Second World War]], with him being commissioned into the [[Royal Artillery]] during the war as a [[Second lieutenant#United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries|second lieutenant]] in November 1941.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35372|date=5 December 1941|page=6982|supp=y}}</ref> He remained in India following the end of the war in 1945 and subsequent [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Indian independence in 1947]]. Beardsell played [[first-class cricket]] for the [[Europeans cricket team]] in January 1948 against the [[Indians cricket team|Indians]] in the [[Madras Presidency Matches|Madras Presidency Match]]; this match was to be the Europeans final appearance in first-class cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/12/12932/First-Class_Matches.html/|title=First-Class Matches played by Joseph Beardsell|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=2021-11-18|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Batting once, he was dismissed in the Europeans first innings for 16 runs by [[K. S. Kannan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/18/18349.html/|title=Europeans v Indians, Madras Presidency Match 1947/48|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=2021-11-18|url-access=subscription}}</ref> He later worked as a commercial manager for the Madras Electrical Supply Corporation and the [[Madras Tramways#Madras Electric Tramways|Madras Electric Tramways]].<ref name="BOOK"/> Beardsell died at Madras in January 1978.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cricinfo|id=27035}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beardsell Joseph}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Stockport]]
[[Category:People educated at Clifton College]]
[[Category:Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Royal Artillery officers]]
[[Category:English cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:Europeans cricketers]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]

Longwood, Shimla

2026-01-03T20:25:52Z

Qtree2009: small changes

#REDIRECT [[Shimla]]

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Shimla]]

Mirchi Music Award for Song of The Year

2025-12-25T06:31:20Z

Qtree2009: Made initial data first draft

{{Short description|Annual music awards by Radio Mirchi for filmi}}The '''Mirchi Music Award for Song of The Year''' is given yearly by [[Radio Mirchi]] as a part of its annual [[Mirchi Music Awards]] for [[Hindi films]], to recognise the best song of that year.

==List of winners==
* '''2009 "Jashn-E-Bahara"''' - '''''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma/winners.php|title=1st Mirchi Music Awards Winners}}</ref>
** "Behka" - ''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]''
** "Kabhi Kabhi Aditi" - ''[[Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na]]''
** "Khuda Jaane" - ''[[Bachna Ae Haseeno]]''
** "Khwaja Mere Khwaja" - ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]''
* '''2010 "[[Masakali]]"''' - '''[[Delhi-6]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2009/hindi/winners.html|title=2nd Mirchi Music Awards Winners}}</ref>
** "Dhan Te Nan" - ''[[Kaminey]]''
** "Iktara" - ''[[Wake Up Sid]]''
** "[[Jai Ho (song)|Jai Ho]]" - ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]''
** "Arziyan" - ''[[Delhi-6]]''
* '''2011 "[[Munni Badnaam Hui]]"''' - '''''[[Dabangg]]'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Mirchi-Music-Awards-2010-Winners/articleshow/7378687.cms|title=3rd Mirchi Music Awards Winners}}</ref>
** "Tere Naina" - ''[[My Name is Khan]]''
** "Sajda" - ''[[My Name is Khan]]''
** "[[Sheila Ki Jawani]]" -''[[Tees Maar Khan (2010 film)|Tees Maar Khan]]''
** "[[Tere Mast Mast Do Nain]]" - ''[[Dabangg]]''
* '''2012 "[[Señorita (Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara song)|Senorita]]"''' - '''''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/hindi/winners.php|title=4th Mirchi Music Awards Winners}}</ref>
** "Nadaan Parinde" - ''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]''
** "[[Sadda Haq (song)|Sadda Haq]]" - ''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]''
** "[[Chammak Challo]]" - ''[[Ra.One]]''
** "[[Ooh La La (Shreya Ghoshal and Bappi Lahiri song)|Ooh La La]]" - ''[[The Dirty Picture]]''
* '''2013 "[[Abhi Mujh Mein Kahin]]"''' - '''''[[Agneepath (2012 film)|Agneepath]]'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2012/hindi/winners_list.html|title=5th Mirchi Music Awards Winners}}</ref>
** "Tum Hi Ho Bandhu" - ''[[Cocktail (2012 film)|Cocktail]]''
** "Dagabaaz Re" - ''[[Dabangg 2]]''
** "Radha" - ''[[Student of the Year]]''
** "[[Pani Da Rang]]" - ''[[Vicky Donor]]''
* '''2014 "[[Tum Hi Ho]]"''' - '''''[[Aashiqui 2]]'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/mirchi-music-awards-2014-winners-shahrukh-khan-farhan-akhtar-honoured-aashiqui-2-wins-7-trophies-17842/|title=6th Mirchi Music Awards Winners}}</ref>
** "[[Sunn Raha Hai]]" - ''[[Aashiqui 2]]''
** "[[Badtameez Dil]]" - ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]''
** "[[Zinda (song)|Zinda]]" - ''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]''
** "Bhaag Milkha Bhaag" - ''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]''
* '''2015 "Zehnaseeb"''' - '''''[[Hasee Toh Phasee]]'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi2014/winners/|title=7th Mirchi Music Awards Winners}}</ref>
** "[[London Thumakda]]" - ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]''
** "[[Manwa Laage]]" - ''[[Happy New Year (2014 film)|Happy New Year]]''
** "[[Galliyan]]" - ''[[Ek Villain]]''
** "[[Muskurane]]" - ''[[CityLights (2014 film)|CityLights]]''
* '''2016 "[[Gerua]]"''' - '''''[[Dilwale (2015 film)|Dilwale]]'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2015/winners/|title=8th Mirchi Music Awards Winners}}</ref>
** "Agar Tum Saath Ho" - ''[[Tamasha (2015 film)|Tamasha]]''
** "[[Sooraj Dooba Hain]]" - ''[[Roy (2015 film)|Roy]]''
** "[[Deewani Mastani]]" from ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]''
** "Chunar" from ''[[ABCD 2]]''
* '''2017 "[[Channa Mereya]]"''' - '''''[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2016/winners/|title=9th Mirchi Music Awards Winners}}</ref>
** "Haanikaarak Bapu" - ''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]''
** "[[Channa Mereya|Channa Mereya (Unplugged)]]" - ''[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]''
** "[[Bulleya]]" - ''[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]''
** "[[Jag Ghoomeya]]" - ''[[Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]]''
** "[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil (song)|Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]" - ''[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]''
* '''2018 "Hawayein"''' - '''''[[Jab Harry Met Sejal]]'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2017/nominations/|title=10th Mirchi Music Awards Nominations}}</ref>
** "Maana Ke Hum Yaar Nahin" - ''[[Meri Pyaari Bindu]]''
** "[[Baarish (song)|Baarish]]" - ''[[Half Girlfriend (film)|Half Girlfriend]]''
** "Roke Na Ruke Naina" - ''[[Badrinath Ki Dulhania]]''
** "Aashiq Surrender Hua" - ''[[Badrinath Ki Dulhania]]''
* '''2019 "Ghoomar"''' - '''''[[Padmaavat]]'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2018/winners-hindi-2018/|title=11th Mirchi Music Awards Winners}}</ref>
** "Tareefan" - ''[[Veere Di Wedding]]''
** "Khalibali" - ''[[Padmaavat]]''
** "[[Bom Diggy]]" - ''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]''
** "[[Ae Watan]] (Male)" - ''[[Raazi]]''
* '''2020 "Kalank"''' - '''''[[Kalank]]'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2020/winners-hindi-2020/|title=12th Mirchi Music Awards Winners}}</ref>
** "Chashni" - ''[[Bharat (film)|Bharat]]''
** "Apna Time Ayega" - ''[[Gully Boy]]''
** "[[Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage]]" - ''[[Kabir Singh]]''
** "Challa" - ''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]''
** "Ghungroo" - ''[[War (2019 film)|War]]''
* ''' 2021 "[[Abhi Mujh Mein Kahin]]" ( Song of the Decade )''' - '''''[[Agneepath (2012 film)|Agneepath]]'''''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-15 |title=Mirchi Music Awards 2021 brings the best of the decade with ‘Dus Saal Bemisaal’ |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/mirchi-music-awards-2021-brings-the-best-of-the-decade-with-dus-saal-bemisaal/articleshow/81512789.cms#:~:text=The%2013th%20edition%20of%20the,of%20the%20most%20scintillating%20performances |access-date=2023-05-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* '''2022 "Raataan Lambiyan"''' – '''''[[Shershaah]]'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2022/winners-hindi-2022/|title=14th Mirchi Music Awards Winners}}</ref>
** "Aabaad Barbaad" – ''[[Ludo (film)|Ludo]]''
** "Chaka Chak" – ''[[Atrangi Re]]''
** "Mann Bharryaa 2.0" – ''[[Shershaah]]''
** "Ranjha" – ''[[Shershaah]]''
* '''2023 "[[Kesariya (song)|Kesariya]]"''' – '''''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]'''''<ref>{{cite news |title=Mirchi Music Awards 2023 Celebrates India's Musical Excellence |url=https://www.femina.in/trending/in-the-news/mirchi-music-awards-2023-celebrates-indias-musical-excellence-277983.html}}</ref>
** "Dholida" – ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]''
** "Jab Saiyaan" – ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]''
** "Ghodey Pe Sawaar" – ''[[Qala (film)|Qala]]''
** "Shauq" – ''[[Qala (film)|Qala]]''
* '''2024 "[[Besharam Rang]]"''' – '''''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'''''<ref>https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/16th-mirchi-music-awards-here-is-the-full-list-of-winners-70184.html</ref>

==See also==
* [[Mirchi Music Awards]]
* [[Bollywood]]
* [[Cinema of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Mirchi Music Awards}}

[[Category:Mirchi Music Awards]]

Diaspora (spice company)

2025-12-20T14:33:50Z

Qtree2009: created a entry

{{Short description|American spice company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Diaspora Co.
| logo = Diaspora_logo.png
| type = [[Private company|Private]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2017}}
| location = [[Oakland]], [[California]], [[United States]]
| founder = Sana Javeri Kadri
| key_people = {{Unbulleted_list|Sana Javeri Kadri|Sayed Ishtiyaque ([[Operations director|Director of Operations]])|Wynne McAuley ([[Chief operating officer|COO]])}}
| industry = [[Food]], [[spices]]
| products =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| footnotes =
| website = {{URL|https://www.diasporaco.com/}}
}}
'''Diaspora Co.''', aka '''Diaspora Spice Co.''', is a company that trades in [[spice|spices]] sourced from small farmers in [[Southeast Asia]]. The company was founded in August 2017 by [[Indian Americans|Indian-American]] Sana Javeri Kadri, and is based in California's [[Bay Area]].<ref name=bustle/> The company's mission is "to disrupt the industry with culture, equity, and joy."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/tv/2022/06/10/taking-care-of-business-sana-javeri-kadri-diaspora-co.cnn |publisher=[[CNN]] |accessdate=July 14, 2022 |title=Entrepreneur strives to disrupt the spice trade |date=June 10, 2022}}</ref>

==History==
Javeri Kadri was born in Mumbai but lived in the United States.<ref name=bustle>{{cite news |url=https://www.bustle.com/life/diaspora-co-sana-javeri-kadri-self-care-backup-plans-advice |title=Meet The Spice Company Founder Who Sees Chai As A Metaphor: Diaspora Co.'s Sana Javeri Kadri shares her best advice for disconnecting, forming relationships, and being a leader |first=Madhuri |last=Sathish-Van Atta |newspaper=[[Bustle (magazine)|Bustle]] |accessdate=July 14, 2022 |date=May 23, 2022}}</ref> She attended [[Pomona College]] and worked on the [[Pomona College Organic Farm]].<ref name="Tasty">{{cite news |last1=Szewczyk |first1=Jessy |title=Meet The Queer Desi Immigrant Changing The Way We Buy Spices |url=https://tasty.co/article/jesseszewczyk/sana-javeri-kadri-diaspora-interview |access-date=10 August 2023 |work=[[Tasty (website)|Tasty]] |date=11 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> In 2016, the "golden milk" drink, made primarily with turmeric, became popular. She realized that Mumbai turmeric was higher quality and more potent, so she left Oakland for [[India]] feeling disappointed in the quality of the [[turmeric]] for sale in the [[United States]].<ref name="CE">{{cite web |last1=Sontag |first1=Elazar |title=A Queer, Female Entrepreneur is Taking Back Turmeric for Indian Farmers |url=https://civileats.com/2018/02/01/a-queer-female-entrepreneur-is-taking-back-turmeric-for-indian-farmers/ |website=Civil Eats |access-date=27 September 2025 |date=1 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="Vogue">{{cite web |last1=Adler |first1=Tamar |title=Diaspora Co.’s Fair-Trade Spices Will Enlighten More Than Your Cooking |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/diaspora-co-fair-trade-spices |website=Vogue |access-date=27 September 2025 |date=9 April 2021}}</ref> Her investigation into the [[spice trade]] led her to found a company that trades in spice from small family farms.

The first spice marketed by Diaspora was turmeric. After visiting the [[Indian Institute of Spices Research]], Kadri noted many different varietals of turmeric that were aromatic, brightly colored, high yielding, and high in curcumin. But those varietals didn’t exist on the commercial market, so Kadri decided to work directly with Indian farmers, eliminating all of the middle agents, and export these turmeric varieties herself.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Krishna |first1=Priya |title="I'm Not a Woo-Woo Wellness Ayurvedic Yoga Instructor Selling You Turmeric" |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/story/sana-javeri-kadri |website=bon appetit |access-date=27 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220070800/https://www.bonappetit.com/story/sana-javeri-kadri |archive-date=20 February 2019 |date=17 January 2019}}</ref> At the start, aiding in the mission to "[change] centuries-old trade practices left over from colonial times", Kadri sourced the turmeric from Kasaraneni Prabhu, who is a fourth-generation turmeric farmer in the [[Andhra Pradesh]] state in [[Southeast India]]. Further, unlike all of the neighboring turmeric farms, which spray the turmeric with pesticides, Prabhu’s farm is pesticide-free and utilizes the traditional method of co-planting with marigolds.<ref name="CE"/>

After intense publicity in 2017, including an endorsement from cookbook author [[Julia Turshen]], Diaspora had to pick up turmeric orders and launched a [[Kickstarter]] campaign to fund the introduction of Baraka cardamom, a domesticated strain of naturally pest-resistant wild [[cardamom]] grown in the [[Kerala]] rain forest. In 2019, Diaspora added Aranya pepper and Guntur Sannam Chilies. In 2020, Diaspora was selling 10 spices. By the end of 2021, the company carried 20 spices.<ref name="Vogue"/> Since creation, Diaspora has expanded to sell over 40 different spices and spice mixes, from over 200 family farms.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.treehugger.com/spice-up-kitchen-equitably-5323396 |website=Treehugger |title= How to Spice Up Your Kitchen Equitably: Diaspora Co. is creating a more equitable spice trade, one piquant masala at a time |first=Neeti |last=Mehra |date=May 27, 2022 |accessdate=July 14, 2022}}</ref> In July 2022, the company acquired $2.1 million in funding.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/shaynaharris/2022/07/14/diaspora-co-mints-21-million-in-fresh-financing-to-build-an-equitable-spice-trade/ |newspaper=[[Forbes]] |accessdate=July 14, 2022 |title=Diaspora Co. Mints $2.1 Million In Fresh Financing To Build An Equitable Spice Trade |first=Shayna |last=Harris |date=July 14, 2022}}</ref>

==Equity==
In merging her Oakland and Indian roots, Kadri's committed to making Diaspora “radically inclusive” as a way of supporting marginalized communities whenever possible. Some methods include hiring queer people, especially those of color, whenever possible; paying the farmers fairly with the "Diaspora Co Model" vs the "Traditional Commodity Model," Instead of working with a large company to pack her turmeric, she decided to intentionally pay her community by hiring locally. Diaspora has made an impact in both Andhra Pradesh and Oakland by directly supporting multiple Indian farmers’ operations, and offering American consumers an equitable model for how spices can be both sourced and sold. In turn, Prabhu’s farming methods are spreading among farmers in his area as others are noticing his good returns on crops, his healthy soil, and his higher curcumin concentrated, less water-intensive turmeric variety. Thus, some additional farmers have moved away from pesticide-heavy farming.<ref name="CE"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official|https://www.diasporaco.com/}}

[[Category:2017 establishments in California]]
[[Category:American brands]]
[[Category:American companies established in 2017]]
[[Category:Companies based in Oakland, California]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies established in 2017]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies based in California]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies of the United States]]

Hirlipali

2025-11-30T06:38:26Z

Qtree2009: created new bio w/ sources

{{Orphan|date=August 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hirlipali
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Aerial photograph of Hirlipali.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Aerial photograph of Hirlipali
| pushpin_map = India Odisha#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| coordinates = {{coord|21|24|53|N|83|45|12|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bargarh district]]
| named_for =
| leader_title1 = [[Bargarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Member of Parliament]]
| leader_name1 = [[Suresh Pujari]], ([[Bhartiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| leader_title2 = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly]]
| leader_name2 = Snehangini Chhuria, ([[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]])
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 25.19
| elevation_m = 164
| population_as_of = 2001
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 768027
| registration_plate = OD-17
| population_total = 8320
| official_name =
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = Attabira
}}
'''Hirlipali''' is a village in [[Attabira]] Tehsil of [[Bargarh district|Bargarh]] district of [[Odisha]], India. The village is located on the banks of canal that flows reservoir water from [[Hirakud Dam]]. It is about 10 km from Attabira and about 20 km from Bargarh town. The total geographical area of Hirlipali [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayat]] is 25.19 square kilometers, and has a total population of 8,320.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Saran|first=Manoranjan|title=District Census Handbook, Bargarh, Part-A & B, Series-22, Orissa|publisher=|year=2001|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref> There are approximately 1,817 households in the [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayat]].<ref name=":1" />

== Culture ==
Hiripali village is renowned for its rich cultural heritage. Almost all residents belong to the Hindu religion and actively participate in various Hindu festivals. The village features three prominent temples: Jagannath Mandir, Maa Hiripali Temple, and Hanuman Temple.
[[File:Maa Hirlipali Temple.jpg|left|thumb|Maa Hirlipalian Temple]]

=== Maa Hirlipalian Temple ===
Hirlipali is named after '''Hirlipalian [[Devi]]'''. It is believed that the Devi resided in the village in ancient past. Hirlipalian Devi is quite popular in the region and is worshiped not only in Hirlipali but also in neighboring villages. A Maa Hirlipalian Temple is constructed in the village.
[[File:Jagannath Temple, Hirlipali.jpg|left|thumb|Jagannath Mandir, Hirlipali]]

=== Jagannath Mandir ===
Jagannath Mandir is located in the centre of the village. The construction of the village started in 1930s but it was not completed until 1970s when it was inaugurated. The delay in construction was because of lack of funds available for its construction. It was constructed using donation from the villagers. Every year, a ratha (cart) is built to take [[Jagannath|Lord Jagannath]] from the temple to Kathadera during [[Ratha Yatra]] festival. Along with a ratha from Hirlipali, there are five more rathas (carts) from neighboring villages that gets gathered in Kathadera for cart festival. Ratha Yatra is very popular in the village and is celebrated by all sections of the village.

[[Nuakhai]], [[Pousha Purnima|Pushpuni]] and [[Ratha Yatra]] are three major festivals that are celebrated in the village.

Residents of the village actively participates in [[kirtan]].,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hirlipali kirtan - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXv-JdNn3UA|access-date=2020-12-30|website=www.youtube.com| date=26 March 2019 }}</ref> nataka, and [[Dasakathia|daskathia]]. Kirtan, a devotional form of worshiping Lord Krishna is performed in Hirlipali every year for seven straight days during [[Rama Navami]]. It is believed that Kirtan was first performed in the village in 1950s and has been a regular ritual since then.

Nataka, a form of open theatre is very popular is the village. In the past, Hirlipali Nataka was invited by other villages to entertain them.

== Politics ==
Hirlipali was under a Gauntia and [[Panchayati raj|panchayat]] system before the independence of India from British rule. The last Gauntia was Bipin Bihari Pradhan. He was an officer of the British Government, and was responsible for collecting revenue for them. Gauntia is regarded as the legal head of a village. After India's independence, Bipin Bihari Pradhan unsuccessfully contested in the first legislative assembly election of Odisha as an independent candidate.

Hirlipali comes under the Attabira constituency for [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]. On a national level, it comes under [[Bargarh]] constituency.

== Education ==

There are two schools in Hirlipali. They are Hirlipali Primary School and Hirlipali High School.

=== Hirlipali Primary School ===
Hirlipali Primary School<ref>{{Cite web|title=HIRLIPALI P.S - Hirlipali, District Bargarh (Orissa)|url=https://schools.org.in/bargarh/21010201306/hirlipali-p-s.html|access-date=2021-01-04|website=schools.org.in|language=en}}</ref> (UDISE Code : 21010201306) was established in 1908. The medium of education is Odia and the school is managed by the Department of Education, Government of Odisha. The school provides education from grade 1 to 5. The school has 5 classrooms and 2 rooms for non-teaching activities. It has access to drinking water via hand pump. It has 1 boys and 1 girls toilet. It has a library with about 400 books in it.

=== Hirlipali High School ===
Hirlipali High School<ref>{{Cite web|title=HIRLIPALI H.S - Hirlipali, District Bargarh (Orissa)|url=https://schools.org.in/bargarh/21010201304/hirlipali-h-s.html|access-date=2021-01-04|website=schools.org.in|language=en}}</ref> (UDISE Code: 21010201304) was established in 1986. The medium of education is Odia and the school is managed by private aided. The school provides education from grade 8 to 10. It has access to drinking water via hand pump. It has 1 boys and 1 girls toilet. It has a library with about 900 books in it. There was a Middle English (ME) School, which was established in 1961 and provided education for grade 6 and 7. The ME School was then converted to High School.

The land for both schools was donated by Hirlipali's Gauntia, Bipin Bihari Pradhan.

== Employment ==

The primary source of employment is agriculture.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Singh|first=Karan|date=2017|title=SURVEY OF INFORMATION NEEDS OF AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY OFATTABIRA, BHATLI AND BARGARH BLOCKS OF BARGARH DISTRICT, ODISHA|url=|journal=IMPACT: Journal of Modern Developments in Arts and Linguistic Literature|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref><ref>R.K.Mishra, REACH OF AGMARKNET TO FARMERS IN THE STATE OF ODISHA, 2020, https://www.ccsniam.gov.in/images/pdfs/Reach-on-AGMARKNET-Report20.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115071533/https://www.ccsniam.gov.in/images/pdfs/Reach-on-AGMARKNET-Report20.pdf |date=15 January 2021 }}</ref> The land is very fertile and can be cultivated 3-4 times a year. Rice is the dominant crop, while vegetables such as tomatoes, lime, mangoes, [[potato]], [[okra]], [[Trichosanthes dioica|pointed gourd]], and herbs are also cultivated.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hirlipali organic farmhouse|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOtMyjIxDP0|website=YouTube| date=17 December 2021 }}</ref>

[[Sambalpuri sari|Sambalpuri handloom]] is a source of employment for some. Although, handloom business has been struggling to compete with synthetic textiles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Magical weavers turn rickshaw-pullers|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2012/jun/25/magical-weavers-turn-rickshaw-pullers-380624.html|access-date=2021-01-09|website=The New Indian Express|date=25 June 2012 }}</ref>

== Transport ==

=== Highway ===
Canal road is the primary route that connects Hirlipali with the [[National Highway 53 (India)|National Highway 53]], which is about 6 km away. The canal road (also known as [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Pahar+-+Sigda+Rd,+Odisha,+India/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x3a214802a8b4d937:0xf8541b6ebfe44a26?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiyif6F_Y7uAhUEwFkKHTcDDAgQ8gEwAHoECAQQAQ Pahar - Sidga Rd] or Rengali Camp Rd) was developed during the construction of canal in late 1950s. The canal flows water for agricultural purpose from Hirakud dam and was constructed in 1950s. The canal road is about 10–15 foot wide and was made of gravels. Prior to canal road, these was a mud road that was used to transport groceries from Bargarh using [[bullock cart]]s. The canal road was converted to a concrete road in 2010s. There are a few buses that runs on this route.

=== Railway Station ===
The nearest railway station is Attabira Railway Station,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=ATTABIRA ATS Railway Station Trains Schedule|url=https://www.makemytrip.com/railways/attabira-ats-railway-station.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> which is about 10 km away.

=== Airport ===
The nearest airport is [[Jharsuguda Airport|Veer Surendra Sai Airport]], which is about 90 km away. The second nearest airport is [[Swami Vivekananda Airport]] at Raipur, Chhattisgarh, which is about 240 km away. [[Biju Patnaik International Airport]], Bhubaneswar is about 310 km away.

== Post office ==

Hirlipali Post Office was established in 1950s. It is now a branch office and is funded by the Government of India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hirlipali Branch Post Office, Attabira 27, Bargarh, Odisha|url=https://www.postoffices.co.in/odisha-or-od-orissa/hirlipali-attabira-27-bargarh/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Post Offices|language=en-US}}</ref> It falls under Sambalpur postal division of the Odisha postal circle.

== Hospital ==
The nearest hospital is in Paharsrigida, which is about 4 km away. There are a few medical stores in and around Hirlipali.

== Photo and video gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Jagannath Temple, Hirlipali.jpg|Jagannath Temple of Hirlipali
File:Hanuman Temple of Hirlipali.jpg|Hanuman Temple of Hirlipali
File:Maa Hirlipali Temple.jpg|Maa Hirlipali Temple
</gallery>

==References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Bargarh district]]

Kichha

2025-10-28T10:37:11Z

Qtree2009: brief updated information for consistency additionally and added references

{{Short description|City in Rudrapur, Uttarakhand, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kichha
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline = Indira Gandhi Playground.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Indira Gandhi playground in Kichha
| pushpin_map = India Uttarakhand#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttarakhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.92|N|79.50|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttarakhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Udham Singh Nagar district|Udham Singh Nagar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = [[Kichaka|King Kichaka]]
| government_type = Municipality
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 293
| population_total = 221,965
| population_as_of = 2021 (Estimated)
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Native
| demographics1_info2 = [[Kauravi]], [[Tharu languages|Tharu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 263148
| area_code_type = STD code
| area_code = 05944
| registration_plate = UK 06
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kichha''' is a [[tehsil]] in [[Udham Singh Nagar district]], Uttarakhand, India.

==Geography==
Kichha is located at {{Coord|28.92|N|79.50|E|}}.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/39/Kichha.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Kichha]</ref> The town has an average elevation of 293  meters (953  feet).

==Demographics==
[[File:Kichha city.jpg|thumb|Kichha Railway station]]
{{As of|2011}} Indian census figures<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Kichha, had a population of 41,965. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kichha has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 59%. In Kichha, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Education==
*[[G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology]]

==Notable people ==
'''Politicians'''
*[[Tilak Raj Behar]] MLA
*[[Rajesh Shukla]] Former MLA

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Udham Singh Nagar district}}
{{Kumaon}}
{{Municipalities of Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Udham Singh Nagar district]]

Naya India

2025-10-09T15:15:28Z

Qtree2009: Made new details w/ sources.

{{Use British English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}

{{Infobox newspaper
| name = ''Naya India''
| image =
| type = Daily National newspaper
| founded = {{start date and age|2010}}
| owners = Samvad Parikrama Pvt Ltd.
| language = Hindi
| headquarters = New Delhi
| website = {{URL|http://www.nayaindia.com/}}
}}

'''''Naya India''''' ({{langx|hi|नया इंडिया}}), is an Indian national Hindi daily newspaper. It was founded by [[Hari Shankar Vyas]], a [[political journalist]], who was formerly the editor of Jansatta<ref>[http://jansatta.releasemyad.com/about_us.php ''About Jansatta''.]</ref> and currently the host-producer of the Central Hall Programmes on all [[ETV Hindi]] news channels. Naya India was launched on 16 May 2010 from Delhi and is at present published from ten Hindi speaking states.

==About the Editor==
Mr. Hari Shankar Vyas is the Chief Editor and also the publisher of Naya India. With a rich and diverse experience of 35 years as a journalist, he has become a noted figure in contemporary Hindi Journalism. Starting in the 80s, as part of the core launch team of Jansatta, in the 90s he ventured into publishing and producing TV programmes. His Central Hall show on ETV's all Hindi Channels has had a huge impact not just with the political class of Northern India but is widely watched by the masses. His uninterrupted weekly column Gupshup of 30 years is also one of the oldest and most widely read Political column in Hindi (from [[Jansatta]] to [[Punjab Kesari]] to Naya India) as well as in English (The Sunday Pioneer).<ref>[http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/author/hari-shankar-vyas ''Hari Shankar Vyas on Pioneer''.]</ref> With a desire to fulfill the vacuum the Hindi speaking population feels/ has felt, Mr. Vyas ventured into newspaper publishing, thus creating Naya India.

==Editions==
NAYA INDIA is published from ten locations—Delhi, [[Jaipur]], Lucknow, [[Bhopal]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Shimla]], [[Dehradun]], [[Ranchi]], Patna and [[Raipur]].<ref>[http://www.exchange4media.com/print/naya-india-paper-launches-in-patna-and-ranchi_44990.html/ Naya India paper launches in Patna and Ranchi]</ref>

==Contributors==

* [[Hari Shankar Vyas]]
* [[Ved Pratap Vaidik]]
* Shruti Vyas
* [[Balbir Punj]]
* Satyendra Ranjan
* Ajeet Dwivedi
* Vinamra
* Shambunath Shukla
* Shirish Chandra Mishra
* Sushant Kumar
* Tanmay Kumar
* Sandeep Singh
* Nishant Shekhar
* Ajit Kumar
* Chankyashree
* Abhinav Shrivastava
* Shashank Rai
* Ajay Sethiya

==References==
{{Reflist|2
<ref>[http://himachalpr.gov.in/Index.aspx?Data=93&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 ''State Level Accredited Press Correspondents (updated upto 28-08-2015)''.]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.nayaindia.com/?s=rizvi+2013 ''Famous poet Dr. Rizvi is coming to Bhopal''], Naya India – Bhopal, Saturday 14 December 2013, page 3.</ref>}}

==External links==
*[http://www.nayaindia.com/ ''Naya India'' website]
*[http://www.nayaindia.com/epaper/ Epaper ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304162448/https://www.nayaindia.com/epaper |date=4 March 2021 }}
*[https://www.youtube.com/NayaIndiaTV NayaIndia TV ]

{{Newspapers in India}}

[[Category:Hindi-language newspapers]]
[[Category:Daily newspapers published in India]]

{{india-newspaper-stub}}

List of Indian state animals

2025-09-28T10:19:48Z

Qtree2009: enhanced structure per sources

{{Short description|None}}
'''India''', officially the '''Republic of India''' is a country in [[South Asia]], consisting of [[States and union territories of India|28 states and eight union territories]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://knowindia.india.gov.in/states-uts/|title=States and Union Territories|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=21 April 2024|archive-date=5 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205154934/https://knowindia.india.gov.in/states-uts/|url-status=live}}</ref> All Indian states and some of the union territories have their own elected government and the union territories come under the jurisdiction of the [[Government of India|Central Government]]. India has its own [[National symbols of India|national symbols]].<ref name="Symbol">{{cite web|title=National Symbols|url=https://www.india.gov.in/india-glance/national-symbols|access-date=14 August 2022|publisher=[[Government of India]]|archive-date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501093137/https://www.india.gov.in/india-glance/national-symbols|url-status=live}}</ref> Apart from the [[national symbol]]s, the states and union territories have adopted their own seals and symbols including animals listed below.

== States ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Indian state animals
! [[States and union territories of India|State]]
! [[Common name]]<ref name="ENVIS">{{cite web|url=https://wiienvis.nic.in/KidsCentre/state_symbols_india_8411.aspx|title=State symbols of India|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 May 2024|archive-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922102907/https://wiienvis.nic.in/KidsCentre/state_symbols_india_8411.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
! [[Binomial name]]<ref name="Name">{{cite web|url=https://a-z-animals.com/animals/scientific/|title=Scientific names|publisher=A-Z animals|access-date=1 May 2024|archive-date=17 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517031141/https://a-z-animals.com/animals/scientific/|url-status=live}}</ref>
! Image
! [[IUCN Red List#Categories|IUCN category]]<ref name="IUCN">{{cite web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/|title=IUCN redlist|publisher=[[IUCN]]|access-date=1 May 2024|archive-date=27 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627094911/https://www.iucnredlist.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| [[Blackbuck]]
| ''[[Antilope cervicapra]]''
| [[File:10BlackBuck.jpg|100px]]
| [[Least Concern]]
|-
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| [[Gayal]]
| ''[[Bos frontalis]]''
| [[File:Mithun,_Glao_Lake.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="3"|[[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]]
|-
| [[Assam]]
| [[Indian rhinoceros|One-horned rhinoceros]]
| ''[[Rhinoceros unicornis]]''
| [[File:Great-Indian-one-horned-rhinoceros-at-Kaziranga-national-park-in-Assam-India.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Bihar]]
|[[Gaur]]
| ''[[Bos gaurus]]''
|[[File:Gaur_Male.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Chhattisgarh]]
| [[Wild water buffalo]]
| ''[[Bubalus arnee]]''
| [[Image:Indian Water Buffalo Bubalus arnee by Dr Raju Kasambe IMG 0347 (11) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Endangered]]
|-
| [[Goa]]
| [[Gaur]]
| ''[[Gaur|Bos gaurus]]''
| [[File:Gaur_Male.jpg|100px]]
| [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]]
|-
| [[Gujarat]]
| [[Asiatic lion]]
| ''[[Panthera leo persica|Panthera leo]]''
| [[File:Asiatic Lion strolling (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Endangered]]
|-
| [[Haryana]]
| [[Blackbuck]]
| ''[[Antilope cervicapra]]''
| [[File:10BlackBuck.jpg|100px]]
| [[Least Concern]]
|-
| [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| [[Snow leopard]]
| ''[[Panthera uncia]]''
| [[File:Snow Leopards - Ghost of the Mountains for Ministry of Tourism (MOT) India 9 (cropped).png|100px]]
| [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]]
|-
| [[Jharkhand]]
| rowspan="3"|[[Indian elephant]]
| rowspan="3"|''[[Elephas maximus indicus|Elephas maximus]]''
| rowspan="3"|[[File:Male Elephant Tusker Nagarhole Karnataka Apr22 D72 23736.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="3"|[[Endangered]]
|-
| [[Karnataka]]
|-
| [[Kerala]]
|-
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| [[Swamp deer]]
| ''[[Rucervus duvaucelii]]''
| [[File:Swamp deer (19).jpg|100px]]
| [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]]
|-
| [[Maharashtra]]
| [[Indian giant squirrel]]
| ''[[Ratufa indica]]''
| [[Image:Malabar giant sqirrel.jpg|100px]]
| [[Least Concern]]
|-
| [[Manipur]]
| [[Sangai]]
| ''[[Sangai|Cervus eldi]]''
| [[File:Sangai deer male with newborn fawn.jpg|100px]]
| [[Endangered]]
|-
| [[Meghalaya]]
| [[Clouded leopard]]
| ''[[Neofelis nebulosa]]''
| [[File:Clouded Leopard in Darjeeling Zoo.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="4"|[[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]]
|-
| [[Mizoram]]
| [[Himalayan serow]]
| ''[[Capricornis thar]]''
| [[Image:Himalayan Serow Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary East Sikkim Sikkim India 13.02.2016.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Nagaland]]
| [[Gayal]]
| ''[[Bos frontalis]]''
| [[File:Mithun,_Glao_Lake.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Odisha]]
| [[Sambar (deer)|Sambar]]
| ''[[Rusa unicolor]]''
| [[File:Sambar (Cervus unicolor unicolor) male.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| [[Blackbuck]]
| ''[[Antilope cervicapra]]''
| [[File:10BlackBuck.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Least Concern]]
|-
| [[Rajasthan]]
| [[Chinkara]]
| ''[[Gazella bennettii]]''
| [[Image:Chinkara_-_Shreeram_M_V_-_Bikaner.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Sikkim]]
| [[Red panda]]
| ''[[Ailurus fulgens]]''
| [[File:Gangtok Bulbuley Himalayan Zoological Park Captive Red Panda Walking.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Endangered]]
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| [[Nilgiri tahr]]
| ''[[Nilgiritragus hylocrius]]''
| [[File:Nilgirithar western ghats.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Telangana]]
| [[Spotted deer]]
| ''[[Axis axis]]''
| [[File:A_chital_stag_1.JPG|100px]]
| [[Least Concern]]
|-
| [[Tripura]]
| [[Phayre's leaf monkey|Phayre's langur]]
| ''[[Trachypithecus phayrei]]''
| [[File:Trachypithecus phayrei 30780911.jpg|100px]]
| [[Endangered]]
|-
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| [[Swamp deer]]
| ''[[Rucervus duvaucelii]]''
| [[File:Swamp deer (19).jpg|100px]]
| [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]]
|-
| [[Uttarakhand]]
| [[Alpine musk deer]]
| ''[[Moschus chrysogaster]]''
| [[Image:Moschus chrysogaster 287858485 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Endangered]]
|-
| [[West Bengal]]
| [[Fishing cat]]
| ''[[Prionailurus viverrinus]]''
| [[File:Prionailurus viverrinus 01.jpg|100px]]
| [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]]
|}

== Union territories ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Indian state animals (Union territories)
! [[States and union territories of India|Union territory]]
! [[Common name]]<ref name="ENVIS"/>
! [[Binomial name]]<ref name="Name"/>
! Image
! [[IUCN Red List#Categories|IUCN category]]<ref name="IUCN"/>
|-
| [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
| [[Dugong]]
| ''[[Dugong dugon]]''
| [[File:Dugong in Ritchies archipelago Neil Island Andaman.jpg|100px]]
| [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]]
|-
| [[Chandigarh]]
| [[Indian gray mongoose]]
| ''[[Herpestes edwardsi]]''
| [[File:Herpestes edwardsii. 2.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Least Concern]]
|-
| [[Delhi]]
| [[Nilgai]]
| ''[[Boselaphus tragocamelus]]''
| [[File:Nilgai_(Boselaphus_tragocamelus)_male.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| [[Kashmir stag|Hangul]]
| ''[[Kashmir stag|Cervus hanglu]]''
| [[Image:Cervus cashmeerianus Smit.jpg|100px]]
| [[Critically Endangered]]
|-
| [[Ladakh]]
| [[Snow leopard]]
| ''[[Panthera uncia]]''
| [[File:Snow Leopards - Ghost of the Mountains for Ministry of Tourism (MOT) India 9 (cropped).png|100px]]
| [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]]
|-
| [[Lakshadweep]]
| [[Indian vagabond butterflyfish|Butterfly fish]]
| ''[[Chaetodon decussatus]]''
| [[Image:Bep chaetodon decussatus.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Least Concern]]
|-
| [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
| [[Indian palm squirrel]]
| ''[[Funambulus palmarum]]''
| [[File:Funambulus palmarum (Bengaluru).jpg|100px]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Symbols of Indian states}}

[[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists|Animals]]
[[Category:Lists of animals by country|Indian state animals]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian state symbols|Animals]]

Guwahati Metro

2025-09-03T05:35:48Z

Qtree2009: further rework information for consistency additionally and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Rapid transit system in Guwahati, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox Public transit
| name = Guwahati Metro গুৱাহাটী মেট্ৰ'
| image =
| imagesize =
| locale = [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]], [[India]]
| transit_type = [[Rapid Transit]]
| began_operation =
| system_length = {{convert|61.4|km|mi}} (Planned)
| chief_executive =
| headquarters = Guwahati
| lines = 4 (Phase 1)
| stations = 54
| website =
| ridership =
| train_length = 3 coaches
| track_gauge =
| el =
| average_speed =
| top_speed =
| owner = [[Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority|GMDA]]
| operator =
| map =
}}

The '''Guwahati Metro''' is a [[rapid transit]] proposed for the city of [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]], [[India]]. The system plan consists of 4 corridors covering a distance of 61.42 km in phase one of the Guwahati Metro.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/transportation/railways/guwahati-to-get-metro-rail-and-feeder-bus-rapid-transit-system/articleshow/17984521.cms?intenttarget=no|title=Guwahati to get metro rail and feeder Bus Rapid Transit System|date=22 June 2017|access-date=22 June 2017|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

== History ==
On 11 January 2013, [[List of Chief Ministers of Assam|former Chief Minister]] of Assam [[Tarun Gogoi]] held discussions with officials of Guwahati Development Department and [[Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority]], in which after detailed deliberations it was agreed that there was a need of urgently taking up the study of introducing a metro rail and [[bus rapid transit]] system in the city to arrest the chaotic traffic condition on the streets.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rail.co/2013/01/22/assam-government-discusses-guwahati-metro-proposal/ |title=Assam Government discusses Guwahati metro proposal - Rail News from rail.co |access-date=22 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130219214501/http://www.rail.co/2013/01/22/assam-government-discusses-guwahati-metro-proposal/ |archive-date=19 February 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Assamese daily "Dainik Agradoot" published an article on 19 June 2012 regarding the probable metro rail of Guwahati.

== Feasibility study ==
The survey of the proposed project included preliminary exercises such as a study of the number of commuters in different areas of the city at different times of the day and a calculation of the estimated cost of the project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090214/jsp/guwahati/story_10532060.jsp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216214602/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090214/jsp/guwahati/story_10532060.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 February 2013|title=The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata) – Guwahati – Metro rail blips on Dispur radar|website=www.telegraphindia.com|access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref> The survey conducted a track type feasibility study at different places. Three types were considered: underground track, overground track, and elevated track. The Khanapara – Jalukbari route was proposed to have overground and elevated tracks because this route is not congested. The other two routes were to have a combination of underground and elevated tracks. The contract to make a feasibility report and to prepare a detailed project report was awarded to M/S Rites in June 2014. However, it was suggested that elevated tracks will be most viable in Guwahati because they are cheaper and can boost tourism potentiality.

== Route ==
Four corridors have been planned by [[Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority]] under the first phase of Guwahati Metro.{{cn|date=May 2024}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
|-
!Line
!First operational
!Last extension
!Stations
!Length (km)
!colspan="2"| Terminals
!Rolling stock
!Track gauge (mm)
!Power
|-
| Line 1
|
|
| style="text-align:center;"|22||style="text-align:center;"|26.6||Dharapur||Narangi||
| 1435 mm [[standard gauge]]
|
|-
| Line 2
|
|
| style="text-align:center;"|10||style="text-align:center;"|10||M G Road ||Khanapara||
| 1435 mm [[standard gauge]]
|
|-
| Line 3
|
|
| style="text-align:center;"|14||style="text-align:center;"|19.4||Jalukbari ||Khanapara||
| 1435 mm [[standard gauge]]
|
|-
| Line 4
|
|
| style="text-align:center;"|8||style="text-align:center;"|9.4||ISBT||Paltan Bazar||
| 1435 mm [[standard gauge]]
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''Total''' || || || style="text-align:center;"|'''54''' || style="text-align:center;"|'''61.4''' || || || || ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[Guwahati railway station]]
* [[Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority]]
* [[List of metro systems]]
* [[List of metro systems in India]]
{{Clear}}
{{Portal bar|India|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Guwahati}}

{{Rapid transit in India}}

{{coord missing|Assam}}

[[Category:Proposed rapid transit in India]]
[[Category:Transport in Guwahati]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge railways in India]]

M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies

2025-08-24T08:59:12Z

Qtree2009: Made basic info nd citations

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox university
| name = M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
| image =
| established = 1999
| closed = 2013
| city = [[Bangalore]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| country = India
| motto = Ignite Minde
| type = Private
| chairman = Dr. M. R. Jayram
| director = Dr. [[S. R. Shankapal]]
| postgrad = 900
| administrative_staff = 170
| website =
| address = #470-P, Peenya Industrial Area, 4th Phase, Peenya, Bengaluru – 560 058.
| logo = 
}}

'''M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies''' ('''MSRSAS'''), (now [[M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences]]) was a post graduate [[engineering]] school located in [[Bangalore]], [[India]], established in 1999. The degrees offered are from [[Coventry University]], [[UK]], and are [[Master's Degree]] and [[Ph.D.]] programmes. The postgraduate programmes have been evolved by MSRSAS in association with Coventry University of UK and Indian and UK industries.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.coventry.ac.uk/newsandeventsarchive/a/2813/$/selectedYearId/1154/selectedMonthId/1158/tab/news | title=Coventry sets its sights on India | date=2 August 2007 }}</ref> In 2013, multiple Ramaiah institutions, including MSRSAS, were combined together to form [[Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences|MSRUAS]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Digitex |first=Sterco |title=History {{!}} M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences |url=https://www.msruas.ac.in/about-us/history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250301205026/https://www.msruas.ac.in/about-us/history |archive-date=2025-03-01 |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=www.msruas.ac.in |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
MSRSAS is part of the Gokula Education Foundation. The Foundation was started in 1962 by Sri. [[M. S. Ramaiah]].

It offers courses like [[Master's degree|M.Sc.(Engineering)]] in 17 areas, engineering research leading to [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in six areas, Management studies [[Management|MBA in Engineering Operations]] in collaboration with [[Coventry University]] of the UK.

MSRCASC is one of the institutes to be funded under TIFAC-CORE.

==Research==
MSRSAS is an Associated Institution of Coventry University, offering a Doctoral programme since 2004. The Doctoral programme at MSRSAS leads to Ph.D. Degree of Coventry University, UK. It is offered as full-time or part-time. For eligibility to the programme a minimum of a second class master's degree in engineering from a good college/university is required. Candidates will be selected on the basis of available seats, but that is not the main issue if you provide proper amount of fees.

===Sponsored and funded research===
MSRSAS students normally work on research problems with funding from agencies. The research group also supervises Ph.D. theses.
The areas of research are:
* Engineering Mechanics and Design
* Materials and Manufacturing Technology
* Fluid Flow and Energy Systems
* Biomedical Signal and Image Processing
* Signal Processing and Communication Engineering
* Digital Systems Design
* Industrial and Rural Product Design

MSRSAS also has School funded research projects and product development activities.

==Training and lifelong learning==
The school offers the ACTP-Advanced Certificate Training programme, for fresh graduates. There are training courses for industry and module based training courses for those who would like to acquire skills in specific areas. In addition, 3–5 days duration corporate training courses and proficiency courses are offered.

===Advanced certificate training programme===
These are offered at different levels, each level is of 6 months duration. The school has developed these courses in association with industry.
* [[Signal Processing]] and [[Communication]] Technologies
* [[Embedded System]] Design
* [[Microsoft Certified Application Developer|MCAD]]
* [[Automotive Electronics]]
* [[VLSI]]-System Design

===Modular training programme===
*The school conducts modular training courses for graduates and working professionals in the areas of [[Microsoft Certified Application Developer|MCAD]], [[VLSI]], DSIP, [[Embedded System]] and [[Manufacturing]]. Each module is offered for a duration varying from 70 hours to 160 hours depending on the module.
*The school offers industry specific training programmes. The industry interested in a particular skill set formulates the curriculum in association with the faculty and involves itself in student/delegate induction.
*The [[Continuing Professional Development]] (CPD) programme is for working [[engineers]], students and faculty from educational institutions.

===Corporate training programme===
The School conducts training programme for industry. Based on the expertise available in the School, the training programme is formulated and delivered to the requirement of the client. Many industries in India have used these services from MSRSAS.

==Technology business==

===TIFAC-TCFA===
TIFAC (DST, Government of India), has launched a programme called TREMP {Technology Refinement and Marketing Planning} to help product innovators to commercialize their innovations through a number of TCFAs (Technology Commercialization Facilitation Agency). MSRSAS established a TCFA in June 2009.

===Technology business incubation===
MSRSAS has created facilities at its Peenya Campus to incubate technology business entrepreneurship and has plans to support budding entrepreneurs to realize their dream. The scheme is to support about 25-30 candidates in each batch with each candidate having a project idea and would like to become an entrepreneur but have the limitation of resources.

MSRSAS will provide work space varying from 500 to 1000 sft at low rent on its campus. On campus, product design, engineering design and analysis, simulation, circuits design and fabrication, simulation, prototyping, testing facilities both in the areas of mechanical engineering and electronic engineering are made available at low cost.

Working on the project idea and making it a commercial successes is the sole responsibility of the candidate. Each candidate will be given support at low cost for three years, after which the candidate will move off of the campus, making way for a new candidate.

===Technology business support===
In addition to incubating technology business MSRSAS is creating facilities at its Peenya Campus to support small high technology businesses which will help students of MSRSAS to get exposure to advanced technologies. Each business will be provided with 1000-2000 square feet. of work space on a rental basis. These businesses are required to hire MSRSAS students. The business can use campus facilities.

A similar named college appears in AICTE blacklist in KTK-14

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.msrsas.org MSRSAS web site]
* {{Cite web | title=MissionReach {{!}} Imagine Plan Achieve | url=http://www.missionreach.com/ | access-date=2024-12-20 | website=www.missionreach.com}}
* {{Cite web | title=Departments Desk – Ramaiah Medical College | url=https://msrmc.ac.in/departments-desk/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327182108/http://www.msrmc.ac.in:80/departments-desk/ | access-date=2024-12-20 | archive-date=2018-03-27}}

{{Coventry University}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Coventry University]]
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Bengaluru]]

Bhartekunta

2025-08-10T18:36:11Z

Qtree2009: quick fix

{{short description|Mountain in Uttarakhand, India}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Bhartekunta
| other_name =
| photo =View of Himalayan peaks from Kartik Swami Temple by Sumita Roy Dutta 33.jpg
| photo_caption = Kedarnath, Bhartekunta and Thalay Sagar from Kartik Swamy temple. (R-L)
| elevation_m = 6578
| elevation_ref =<ref name="Bhartekunta"/>
| prominence_m = 280
| prominence_ref =<ref name="Bhartekunta">{{cite web |title=Bhartekunta |url=https://peakvisor.com/peak/bhartekunta.html |website=PeakVisor |accessdate=14 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
| listing = [[List of mountain peaks of Uttarakhand|Mountains of Uttarakhand]]
| range = [[Garhwal Himalaya]]
| location = [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]]
| map = India Uttarakhand
| map_caption = Location in Uttarakhand
| map_size = 260
| label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|30|50|39|N|79|02|05|E|type:mountain|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref =
| first_ascent = Indo-Tibet Border Police claimed the first ascent of Bhartekunta led by B.C. Khulbey on 6 June 1975.<ref name=hj_45/>
| easiest_route =
}}

'''Bhartekunta''' is a mountain of the [[Garhwal Himalaya]] in Uttarakhand India.The elevation of Bhartekunta is {{convert|6578|m|ft|0}} and its prominence is {{convert|280|m|ft|0}}. It is 69th highest located entirely within the Uttrakhand. [[Nanda Devi]], is the highest mountain in this category. It lies between [[Kirti Stambh]] and [[Kedarnath (mountain)]]. Its nearest higher neighbor [[Kedarnath (mountain)]] {{convert|6940|m|ft|0}} lies 3 km ESE. It is located 2.3 km SE of [[Kirti Stambh]] {{convert|6279|m|ft|0}} and 6.9 km north lies [[Meru Peak]] {{convert|6660|m|ft|0}}.

==Climbing history==
INDO-TIBET BORDER POLICE (ITBP) claimed the first ascent of Bhartekunta led by B.C. Khulbey on 6 June 1975. <ref name=hj_45>{{cite journal |last1=Chamoli |first1=S.P. |title=CLIMBS OF INDO-TIBET BORDER POLICE|journal=[[Himalayan Journal]] |date=1989 |volume=45 |url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/45/21/climbs-of-indo-tibet-border-police/ |access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref name=aaj_1981>{{cite aaj |article_id=12198127300 |title=Peaks Climbed by the India-Tibet Border Police |date=1981|volume=23|page=273|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> A Spanish club de Esquí de La Molina, Girona, of Spain climbed Bhartekunta on 27 September; climbers were Toni Bou, Kiko Colo, Josep Ximenis and Joan Sala.<ref name=aaj_1988>{{cite aaj |title=India—Garhwal, Bhartekunta |year=1988 |article_id=12198823003 |access-date=14 May 2020|links=off}}</ref>
Bhartekunta was attempted by An Indian team led by Romesh Bhattacharjee from the Gangotri Glacier. They reached a high point of 6450 metres.<ref name=aaj_1993>{{cite aaj |title=India—Kumaon and Garhwal, Bhartekunta Attempt |year=1993 |article_id=12199324503 |access-date=14 May 2020|links=off}}</ref>

{{wide image|File:Kedarnath, Bharte khunta and Thalay Sagar at dusk from Kartik Swamy.jpg|600px|Kedarnath, Bhartekunta and Thalay Sagar at dusk from Kartik Swamy (R-L)}}

==Glaciers and rivers==
[[Kirti Bamak]] lies on the NE side of Bhartekunta. On the SW side lies [[Bhartekunta Bamak]]. On the SE side lies [[Kedarnath Glacier]]. Kirti Bamak joins Gangotri glacier. [[Bhagirathi River]] comes out from the snout of Gangotri Glacier. Bhagirathi River is one of the main tributaries of river Ganga, which later joins Alaknanda river the other main tributaries of river [[Ganga]] at [[Dev Prayag]] and became Ganga there after.<ref>{{cite news |title=Devprayag |department=Times of India Travel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/devprayag/devprayag/amp_poishow/48770387.cms |accessdate=22 May 2020 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> On the other side Bhartekunta Bamak drain down to [[Bhilangana River]] which later joins Bhagirathi River near [[Tehri Dam]]. [[Mandakini River]] emerges from Kedarnath glacier and joins [[Alaknanda River]] at [[Rudra Prayag]].

== Neighboring peaks ==
neighboring peaks of Bhartekunta:
* [[Chaukhamba|Chaukhamba I]]: {{Convert|7138|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}{{coord|30|44|59|N|79|17|28|E}}
* [[Bhagirathi I]]: {{Convert|6856|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}{{coord|30|51|00|N|79|08|57|E}}
* [[Kedarnath (mountain)|Kedarnath Peak]]: {{Convert|6940|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}{{coord|30|47|42|N|79|04|10|E}}
* [[Kedarnath (mountain)|Kedarnath Dome]]: {{Convert|6831|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}{{coord|30|48|31|N|79|04|44|E}}
* [[Sumeru Parbat]]: {{Convert|6350|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}{{coord|30|46|15|N|79|07|24|E}}
* [[Mandani Parbat]]: {{Convert|6193|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}{{coord|30|44|01|N|79|11|57|E}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Mountains of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Six-thousanders of the Himalayas]]
[[Category:Geography of Chamoli district]]

Kristubhagavatam

2025-07-18T07:15:57Z

Qtree2009: created the data initial version - done

{{italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
'''''Kristubhagavatam: A Mahakavya in Sanskrit based on the life of Jesus Christ''''' ({{langx|sa|क्रिस्तुभागवतम्}}; ''{{IAST|Kristubhāgavatam}}'' or ''Kristu-Bhāgavatam'') is a [[Sanskrit]]-language [[epic poem]] about the life of [[Jesus Christ]], based on the [[New Testament]], and composed by [[P. C. Devassia]] (1906–2006), a [[Sanskrit studies|Sanskrit scholar]] and [[Catholic Church in India|Catholic]] poet from [[Kerala]], India. As a [[mahakavya]], it revives the traditions of the most prestigious verse form of [[Indian epic poetry]], and is accordingly characterized by ornate and elaborate descriptions.<ref name=ingalls>[[Daniel H. H. Ingalls, Sr.|Daniel Ingalls]], ''Sanskrit Poetry and Sanskrit Poetics'', Introduction to {{cite book|title=An Anthology of Sanskrit Court Poetry: Vidyākara's Subhāṣitaratnakoṣa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AjEdCVZ5uoQC&pg=PA34|year=1945|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-78865-7|pages=33–35}}</ref>

Similarly to the [[Christian poetry]] by fellow Catholic poet [[Marko Marulić]], who believed that, "pagan myth and poetry gained a certain legitimacy when employed in the service of theology",<ref>Marulić (2024), ''[[Davidiad|The Davidiad]]'', translated by Edward Mulholland, Lysa Publications, [[Ghent]]. p. 16-17.</ref> Devassia's poem is filled with multiple references and comparisons to well known stories about the [[Hindu deities|gods]], [[avatar]]s, and [[demigod]]s of [[Hinduism]] and even to figures from recent [[Indian history]] like [[Mohandas Gandhi]], in order to point its readers towards [[Christianity]] and [[Jesus Christ]].<ref name=kb1977/>{{rp|xvii}}

Composed in 1976 and first published in 1977, the poem consists of 33 cantos and over 1600 verses. For composing the ''Kristubhagavatam'', Devassia won several awards, including the [[Sahitya Akademi Award for Sanskrit]] (1980).

==Contents==
{|style="float: right; border: 1px solid darkgray; margin: .46em; font-size: 90%;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" |'''''{{IAST|Kristubhāgavatam}}'' : Canto Titles (selected)'''
|-valign="top"
|width="20"|
|width="175" align="center" |English<ref name=cantolanguage>The table of contents, including the titles of the cantos, is listed both in Sanskrit (pp. 4–5) and in English (pp. 6–7) (in Devassia, 1977).</ref>
|width="175" align="center" |Sanskrit<ref name=cantolanguage/>
|-valign="top"
|1.
|The sage meets the Virgin
|{{IAST|Kanyakādarśanam}}
|-valign="top"
|2.
|The [[Marriage of the Virgin|betrothal]]
|{{IAST|Pratiśrutiḥ}}
|-valign="top"
|3.
|The vision of [[Zechariah (priest)|Zacharias]]
|{{IAST|Sakharyasya Divyadarśanam}}
|-valign="top"
|4.
|The [[Annunciation]]
|{{IAST|Maṅgalavijñāpanam}}
|-valign="top"
|5.
|The [[Visitation (Christianity)|Visitation]]
|{{IAST|Bandhugṛhābhigamanam}}
|-valign="top"
|6.
|A journey to [[Bethlehem]]
|{{IAST|Janmadeśagamanam}}
|-valign="top"
|7.
|The birth of [[Jesus]]
|{{IAST|Bhagavato Yeśoravatāra}}
|-valign="top"
|8.
|The [[Presentation of Jesus at the Temple|Presentation in the Temple]]
|{{IAST|Devālayasasamarpaṇam}}
|-valign="top"
|9.
|The arrival of the [[Magi]], The [[Massacre of the Innocents|slaughter of the Innocents]]
|{{IAST|Vidvadāgamanaṃ Herodakṛtaṃ Śiśumāraṇaṃ ca}}
|-valign="top"
|10.
|The [[Life of Jesus in the New Testament|childhood of Jesus]]
|{{IAST|Yeśoḥ Ṥauśavam}}
|-valign="top"
|17.
|The [[Sermon on the Mount]] – I
|{{IAST|Giriprabhaṣaṇam}} – I
|-valign="top"
|18.
|The [[Sermon on the Mount]] – II
|{{IAST|Giriprabhāṣaṇam}} – II
|-valign="top"
|32.
|The [[Resurrection of Jesus]]
|{{IAST|Yeśorutthānam}}
|-valign="top"
|33.
|The [[Ascension of Jesus|Ascension]]
|{{IAST|Svargarohaṇam}}
|}
The 1977 published version of the ''Kristubhagavatam''<ref name=kb1977>{{cite book |title=Kristubhagavatam: A mahakavya in Sanskrit based on the life of Jesus Christ |last=Devassia |first=P. C. |author-link=P. C. Devassia |year=1977 |publisher=Jayabharatam |location=[[Trivandrum]], [[Kerala]], India |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7JAJAQAAIAAJ&q=Kristubh%C4%81gavatam}}</ref> contains over 1600 Sanskrit verses divided into 33 cantos, perhaps corresponding to the number of years lived by Jesus.<ref>In his Introduction, K. Kunjunni Raja wrote that "This [[Mahakavya]] is divided into 33 cantos, and this number probably indicates the number of years of Jesus's life in this world" (p. v).</ref> Each Sanskrit verse is accompanied by an English translation. The poem and the translation comprise 434 pages. Titles of selected cantos, in both English and Sanskrit, are listed in the table at right.



The published poem contains a 3-page preface by the author, in which he described the process by which he composed the poem over approximately 5 years.<ref name=kb1977/>{{rp|1–3}} He wrote that "I had to face a difficult problem":
<blockquote>
On the one hand, Christ is a historical figure, and I must narrate his life objectively; on the other hand, a Sanskrit [[Mahakavya]] must conform to certain norms laid down by Sanskrit rhetoricians. These norms require free play of the imagination. This is often incompatible with objective narrative. I did not fancy the idea of translating the Bible into Sanskrit. I wanted my work to be really a [[Mahakavya]], a literary piece, which anyone conversant with [[Sanskrit]] language should be able to read and enjoy. I have taken as my guide [[Fulton Oursler]], who, in his "[[The Greatest Story Ever Told]]", tells the story of Christ and fills in the details left out in the gospels by means of his fertile imagination.<ref name=kb1977/>{{rp|1}}
</blockquote>

{|style="float: right; width: 45%; border: 1px solid darkgray; margin: .46em; font-size: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"
|-
| colspan="1" align="center" |'''Selected Verses, with Translation:'''<ref>From Devassia (1977), pp. 1, 131-132.</ref> '''Canto I: The Sage meets the Virgin Canto XII: The Temptation'''
|-valign="top"
|
'''English translation (by author)'''

:I.1. May the same brilliant star, which guided the Wise Men, who set out to worship the Lord of the Universe born in a stable, shine again in the path of my poetic endeavours, so that they have a happy ending!

:XII.1. Jesus, after being baptized by John, was led by the Holy Spirit to the wilderness to overcome the temptation of the devil.

:XII.3. Keeping his mind steady like a lamp unexposed to the wind, He performed penance with concentration, seeing His self with His soul.<ref>See also [[Bhagavad Gita]] 6:19, "As a lamp in a windless place does not flicker, so the simile is recorded / Of the yogin of controlled thought, performing the Yoga of the self" (English) or "yathā dīpo nivātastho neñgate sopamā smŗtā /
yogino yatacittasya yuñjato yogam ātmanaḥ" (Sanskrit) ([[Bhagavad Gita (Sargeant)|Sargeant, 1984]], p. 290)</ref>
|-valign="top"
|
'''Sanskrit verses''' 
:I.1. जगत्पतिं गोकुलजातमर्चितुं विपश्चितः संचरतो निनाय या |
::पुनश्च काव्याध्वनि मे विराजतां समुज्ज्वला सैव शुभाय तारका || १ ||

:XII.1. योहनस्नपितो येशुर्नीतः स परमात्मना |
::मरुस्थलं स्वयं जेतुं पिशाचस्य विलोभनम् || १ ||

:XII.3. यथा दीपं निवातस्थं कृत्वा चित्तमचञ्चलम् |
::एकाग्रेणात्मनात्मानं स पश्यन्नतपत्तपः || ३ ||
|-valign="top"
|
'''Sanskrit (transliterated)'''

:I.1. Jagatpatiṃ gokulajātam arcituṃ vipaścitaḥ saṃcarato nināya yā ।
::punaśca kāvyādhvani me virājatāṃ samujjvalā saiva śubhāya tārakā ॥ 1 ॥

:XII.1. Yohanasnapīto Yeśur nītaḥ sa paramātmanā |
::marusthalaṃ svayaṃ jetuṃ piśācasya vilobhanam ॥ 1 ॥

:XII.3. Yathā dīpaṃ nivātasthaṃ kŗtvā cittam-acañcalam |
::ekāgreņātmanātmānaṃ sa paśyan na tapattapaḥ ॥ 3 ॥
|}The [[P. C. Devassia|author]], a devout Christian, also stated that
<blockquote>
I grew up in an atmosphere of Sanskrit literature and I have been dealing with the Sanskrit classics in and outside the classroom either as a student, or a teacher for the last sixty years. Naturally some of that cultural heritage cannot but appear even in a work on Christ. Moreover, I believe our task today is to underscore the similarities and the points in common between different cultures and religions rather than emphasise the differences.<ref name=kb1977/>{{rp|1–2}}
</blockquote>

Selected Sanskrit verses, along with the author's English translations, are shown at right.

==Reception & commentary==
For composing the ''Kristubhagavatam'', Devassia won several awards, including the [[Sahitya Akademi Award for Sanskrit]] (1980), the [[Travancore Royal Family|Maharani Sethu Parvati Bayi Prize]] (1979), and the Catholic Laity Association Award (1981). The published poem also contained commentaries by [[V. Raghavan]] (Foreword), K. Kunjunni Raja (Introduction), [[Mar Joseph Parecattil|Joseph Cardinal Parecattil]] (Appreciation), [[S. Venkitasubramonia Iyer]]<ref>See {{cite book|ol=4705149M|title= Kerala Sanskrit literature – a bibliography|author=S. Venkitasubramonia Iyer|year=1976 |publisher= Dept. of Sanskrit, University of Kerala in Trivandrum}} and [https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL1182330A/S._Venkitasubramonia_Iyer S. Venkitasubramonia Iyer. 1919–]</ref> (Appreciation), M. H. Sastri (Appreciation), [[K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar]] (Appreciation), and Charudeva Shastri (Appreciation).

In his foreword, [[V. Raghavan]] wrote that the first efforts of the Christian missionaries to produce Christian literature in Sanskrit resulted in "translations of the Bible, which were all miserable."<ref name=kb1977/>{{rp|ii}} In contrast the ''Kristubhagavatam'' is the first major Sanskrit poem on the "whole life of Christ,"<ref name=kb1977/>{{rp|ii}} and Devassia "follows all the norms and practices of the [[Mahakavya]], but does not indulge in too many figures or descriptions.... The style is simple and clear, endowed as it is with the [[Gunas]] of '[[Prasada]]' and '[[Saukumarya]].'<ref name=kb1977/>{{rp|2}}<ref>Literally: "delicateness"; see [http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/tamil/index.html Sanskrit and Tamil Dictionaries] (enter "Saukumarya" to verify).</ref> Furthermore,
<blockquote>
Not only the incidents, the miracles, etc. are faithfully given, but also the famous sayings of Christ... are incorporated in appropriate terms. [There is also] inclusion of apt analogies and comparisons with personalities and situations in the two Sanskrit Epics, the [[Ramayana]] and the [[Mahabharata]], as also in the [[Puranas]], and occasionally with some well-known happenings in modern India, like the killing of [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi|Gandhiji]].... No effort is spent to make the poem over-coloured or loaded with displays of learning or skill: it is always simple and straightforward, in the much valued '[[Vaidarbhi style|Vaidarbhi]]'<ref>Literally: "of [[Vidarbha]]".</ref><ref>Sanskrit, particularly classical Sanskrit has its own styles, viz: [[Vaidarbhi style|Vaidarbhi]] and Gaudi. [[Kalidasa|Kālidāsa]] was a master of Vaidarbhi style. Vaidarbhi style in the dramas of [[Kalidasa|kālidāsa]] [sic] is easy flowing, chaste and elegant. It is absolutely free from elaborate and laboured constructions. Words are chosen in large numbers from common usage but more words that are absolutely necessary are never used. The style is concise and highly suggestive. the verses are free from long compounds." [http://www.lisindia.net/Sanskrit/Sanskrit_vari.html III. Language variation] (accessed 12 Dec, 2010).</ref> style.<ref name=kb1977/>{{rp|iii}}
</blockquote>
[[V. Raghavan|Raghavan]] added that in Devassia's state of [[Kerala]], "where Sanskrit and [[Malayalam]] have blended into a homogeneous amalagam, the community of Sanskritists is a commonwealth of Hindus, [[Christianity in Kerala|Christians]] and Muslims.... one finds here an Indian approach and an Indian presentation of the life of Christ."<ref name=kb1977/>{{rp|i}}

[[Mar Joseph Parecattil]], [[List of major Archbishops of Ernakulam-Angamaly|Archbishop of Ernakulum]] and a Catholic cardinal (in the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], a church in full communion with the [[Roman Catholic Church]]), and recent President of the [[Catholic Bishops' Conference of India]], wrote in his Appreciation that...
<blockquote>
I have no hesitation in saying that this "magnum opus" of prof. P. C. Devassia will certainly throw open the doors for those [[Sannyasa|Sanyasins]] and other Sanskrit scholars, who usually do not go in for the life of Christ written in western languages, to have access to Christ in the idioms and expressions of a language with which they are familiar<ref name=kb1977/>{{rp|xi}}
</blockquote>

[[K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar]] wrote that "The [[Gospel|Gospel-story]] is retained in essentials, but...
<blockquote>
...the sonority of [[Sanskrit]] gives a fresh morning splendour and resonance to Jesus' divine ministry. Mary held Joseph's hand as [[Arundhati (Hinduism)|Arundhati]] did [[Vasishtha]]'s; Just as [[Vasudeva]] hid his son [[Krishna]] in [[Nanda (mythology)|Nanda]]'s house, so did [[Saint Joseph|Joseph]] [[Flight into Egypt|take Jesus to Egypt]] for his safety; [[Lazarus of Bethany|Lazarus]]' sisters embraced him as he emerged out of his tomb, even as [[Devayani]] embraced [[Kacha (sage)|Kacha]] as he revived after death.... in betraying Jesus with a kiss, wasn't [[Judas Iscariot|Judas]] anticipating Godse who was to kill the [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi|Mahatma]] after first saluting him? The similes come naturally, and rather bring out the basic unity of texture that binds all human history.<ref name=kb1977/>{{rp|xvii}}
</blockquote>

In summary, [[K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar]] concluded that the ''Kristubhagavatam'' is...
<blockquote>
...a double demonstration, firstly that Sanskrit is by no means a '[[Sanskrit revival|dead language]]' but is very much and gloriously alive; and secondly, that Jesus is not the Christians' Messiah alone, but one of the pathfinders, one of the redeemers, of humanity as a whole. His message of Love has a permanent and potent significance for all mankind.<ref name=kb1977/>{{rp|xviii}}
</blockquote>

==Editions==
*{{cite book
|title=Kristubhagavatam: A mahakavya in Sanskrit based on the life of Jesus Christ
|last=Devassia
|first=P. C.
|author-link=P. C. Devassia
|year=1977
|publisher=Jayabharatam
|location=[[Trivandrum]], [[Kerala]], India
|oclc=28795465
|asin=B0000D6PEI
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7JAJAQAAIAAJ&q=Kristubh%C4%81gavatam}} [[ASIN]] B0000D6PEI

==See also==
*[[Christianity in Kerala]]
*[[Religious pluralism]]
*[[Sanskrit revival]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.484787 ''Kristubhagavatam''] at [[Internet Archive]] (downloadable)

[[Category:1976 poems]]
[[Category:1977 poetry books]]
[[Category:Catholicism in India]]
[[Category:Christian poetry]]
[[Category:20th-century Sanskrit literature]]
[[Category:Epic poems in Sanskrit]]
[[Category:Sahitya Akademi Award–winning works]]
[[Category:Indian Christian hymns]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Jesus]]
[[Category:Songs about Jesus]]
[[Category:Depictions of Jesus in literature]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of the Nativity of Jesus]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of the Passion of Jesus]]
[[Category:Biblical poetry]]
[[Category:Works based on the New Testament]]
[[Category:Jerusalem in fiction]]
[[Category:Works set in Palestine]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Mary, mother of Jesus]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of John the Baptist]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Mary Magdalene]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Saint Peter]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Herod the Great]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of the Devil]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Judas Iscariot]]
[[Category:Depictions of the Biblical Magi in poetry]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Paul the Apostle]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Pontius Pilate]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Salome]]
[[Category:Works set in 1st-century Roman Empire]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian books]]
[[Category:Indian religious texts]]

Rekha Priyadarshini

2025-06-12T17:51:07Z

Qtree2009: created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[List of mayors of Salem, Tamil Nadu]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R to list entry}}
{{R with history}}
}}

Zanjeer (dog)

2025-05-26T00:19:53Z

Qtree2009:

{{Short description|Detection dog}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox animal
| name = Zanjeer
| image = Zanjeer.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| othername = Ginger
| species = ''[[Canis lupus familiaris]]''
| breed = [[Labrador Retriever]]
| gender = Male
| birth_date = 7 January 1992
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2000|11|16|1992|1|7|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Parel]], [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| nationality =
| occupation =
| employer = Bombay Police (later [[Mumbai Police]])
| role = [[Detection dog]]
| years_active =
| known = Detection work after [[1993 Bombay bombings]]
| tricks =
| awards =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| owner =
| parents =
| children =
| weight =
| height =
| appearance =
| namedafter =
| website =
}}
'''Zanjeer''' (7 January 1992 – 16 November 2000) was a [[Labrador Retriever]] who served as a [[detection dog]] with the Bombay Police (later [[Mumbai Police]]) in [[Maharashtra]] state of [[India]]. Due to his impeccable service detecting many explosives and other weapons—in particular during the [[1993 Bombay bombings]]—he was honoured with a full state funeral.<ref name="ndtv.com">[http://www.ndtv.com/news/blogs/inside_story/the_untouchables_bombay_police_after_2611.php The Untouchables: Bombay Police after 26/11] at [[New Delhi Television]], by Sreenivasan Jain; published 11 November 2009; retrieved 23 July 2013</ref>

==Service==
Zanjeer was trained at the Dog Training Centre of the Criminal Investigation Department at Shivaji Nagar in [[Pune]], [[India]]. He joined the Bombay Police Bomb Detection and Disposal Squad on 29 December 1992 and was handled by Ganesh Andale and V G Rajput.<ref name="midday">{{cite web |url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2000/nov/4320.htm |title=Police dog Zanjeer dead |date=17 November 2000 |publisher=Mid Day |access-date=26 October 2012}}</ref> The name Zanjeer comes from the 1973 [[Hindi film]] ''[[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]]'' but he was also called "Ginger" because of his coat colour.<ref name="toi09">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Navi-Mumbais-youngest-anti-terror-recruit-is-a-pup/articleshow/3920727.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103063834/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-01-01/mumbai/28013216_1_sniffer-dog-navi-mumbai-pup |url-status=live |archive-date=3 January 2013 |title=Navi Mumbai's youngest anti-terror recruit is a pup |first=Vijay | last=Singh |date=1 January 2009 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> Not including his contributions during the 1993 attacks, Zanjeer helped to recover 11 [[Bomb#Types|military bombs]], 57 country-made bombs, 175 [[petrol bombs]], and 600 [[detonators]].<ref name="toi06">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Zanjeer-citys-saviour-many-times-over-RIP/articleshow/2011827.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103124542/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-09-21/india/27802292_1_rdx-probe-team-bdds |url-status=live |archive-date=3 January 2013 |title=Zanjeer, city's saviour many times over, RIP |first=Somit | last=Sen |date=21 September 2006 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=26 October 2012}}</ref>

==1993 attacks==
During the time of the [[1993 Bombay bombings]] in March, Zanjeer helped avert at least three more attacks in [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Mumbra]], and [[Thane]].<ref name="newmedia">{{cite journal |year=2009 |title=50 Glorious Years of the Mumbai Police Dog Squad: Canine 'Detectives' that Sniff Out Crime |journal=The Protector |issue=Nov-Dec 2009 |publisher=New Media |url=http://www.newmediacomm.com/publication/protector/nov09/archive50.html |access-date=26 October 2012 |archive-date=25 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325144131/http://www.newmediacomm.com/publication/protector/nov09/archive50.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first incident happened on 15 March 1993 when Zanjeer alerted his handlers to a scooter bomb on Dhanji Street that contained [[RDX]] explosives and gelatin sticks. He was then called to the scene of ten unclaimed suitcases outside the [[Siddhivinayak Temple, Mumbai|Siddhivinayak Temple]] where the dog detected three [[Type 56 assault rifle|Type 56 rifle]]s, five 9-mm pistols, and 200 [[grenade]]s marked "Arges 69". Days later, Zanjeer investigated two suitcases at the [[Zaveri Bazaar]] that contained nine Type 56 rifles.<ref name="toi06"/>

==Death==
Zanjeer developed bone cancer and died on 16 November 2000 as a result. He was buried with full state honours.<ref name="ndtv.com"/>

==See also==
* [[List of individual dogs]]
* [[List of Labrador Retrievers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1992 animal births]]
[[Category:2000 animal deaths]]
[[Category:Mumbai Police]]
[[Category:Individual working dogs]]
[[Category:Individual animals in India]]
[[Category:Police dogs]]
[[Category:1993 Bombay bombings]]
[[Category:Labrador Retriever]]

Prophets in Ahmadiyya

2025-05-25T19:37:56Z

Qtree2009: done

{{Short description|Ahmadiyya belief in the continuation of non-lawbearing prophethood}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Cleanup|reason=MOS capitalising, requires more citations and possible removal of content|date=August 2020}}
{{Original research|date=July 2010}}
}}

{{Ahmadiyya|Distinct views}}
In [[Ahmadiyya]] theology, the view on the '''Prophets of God''' ({{Langx|ar|نبي الله|translit=Nabī-Allah}}) differs significantly from [[Prophets of Islam|Mainstream Islam]]. The main difference centres on the Quranic term ''[[Khatam an-Nabiyyin]]'' ({{Langx|ar|خاتم النبيين|lit=Seal of Prophets}}) with reference to [[Muhammad in Islam|Muhammad]] which is understood by Ahmadis in terms of perfection and testification of prophethood instead of chronological finality (as understood within mainstream Islam).<ref name="Ahmadiyya Muslim Community">{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/books/truth/finality.html|title=Finality of Prophethood {{!}} Hadhrat Muhammad (PUBH) the Last Prophet|publisher=[[Ahmadiyya Muslim Community]]}}</ref> Accordingly, Muhammad is held to be the last prophet to deliver a [[sharia|religious law]] to humanity in the form of the Quran whose teachings embody a perfected and universal message. Although, in principle, prophets can appear within Islam but they must be non-lawbearing prophets dependent upon the [[sharia]] of Muhammad. Their prophethood is reflective of that of Muhammad, that is, ''within'' his Seal; and their role is merely that of reviving and purifying the faith. They cannot be prophets in their own right and cannot change, add to or subtract from the religious law of Islam.<ref name="Ahmadiyya Muslim Community"/> As such, Ahmadis, regard their founder [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] (1835–1908) as a subordinate prophet who appeared as the promised Messiah and [[Mahdi]] in accordance with Islam's [[Islamic eschatology|eschatological]] prophecies.<ref>{{cite journal
|title=My Claim to Promised Messiahship
|first=Mirzā Ghulām |last=Ahmad
|journal=[[Review of Religions]] |issn=0034-6721
|volume=3 |number=9 |date=September 1904
}} As reproduced in {{cite journal
|url=http://reviewofreligions.org/download/RR200901.pdf#page=16
|title=My Claim to Promised Messiahship
|first=Mirzā Ghulām
|last=Ahmad
|journal=Review of Religions
|issn=0034-6721
|volume=104
|number=1
|date=January 2009
|page=16
|access-date=2015-05-21
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817055431/http://www.reviewofreligions.org/download/RR200901.pdf#page=16
|archive-date=2011-08-17
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MdRth02Q6nAC&pg=PA134 | title=Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice | author=Simon Ross Valentine | page=134 | publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-1-85065-916-7| year=2008 }}</ref> In contrast to mainstream Muslims who believe Jesus was raised to heaven and one who would return himself towards the end of time, Ahmadis believe Jesus [[Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam|to have died a natural death]] and view the coming of such an independent, [[Israelite]] prophet (from outside the Islamic dispensation) to amount to breaking the Seal of Prophethood.<ref>The Removal of a Misunderstanding http://www.alislam.org/books/misunderstandingremoved.html</ref><ref>The Question of Finality of Prophethood http://www.alislam.org/library/books/promisedmessiah/index.htm?page=37</ref>

Moreover, unlike orthodox Islam, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community considers the term Messenger (''[[Rasūl|rasul]]'') and Prophet (''[[Prophets of Islam|nabi]]'') as being different aspects of the same office of a ''Khalifatullah'' (Representative of [[God]] on Earth). According to Ahmadiyya belief, the terms used in the [[Qur'an]] to signify divinely appointed individuals, namely, '''''Warner''''' (''Nazir''), '''Prophet''' (''Nabi''), '''Messenger''' (''Rasul''), are generally synonymous. Ahmadis however categorise prophets as law-bearing ones and non-lawbearing ones.

==Definition==
Ahmadis believe that when the world is filled with unrighteousness and immorality, or rather, when a specific part of the world displays these attributes, or when the followers of a certain law (religion) become corrupt or incorporate innovative and corrupted teachings into the faith (''[[Bid‘ah]]''), thus making the faith obsolete or in need of a ‘divine sustainer‘, then a prophet of God is sent to earth by God to re-establish his will, that is, for humans to worship him and to observe the rights of his creation. {{Citation needed|date=August 2020|reason=Section has no citations}}

Prophets, and the true followers of prophets, according to the Ahmadiyya Community have always faced severe opposition and often persecution, especially so in the country/society in which they brought forth their religious message. This is in accordance with the history of the prophets and also with the principle laid out in the Qur'an and parts of the [[Bible]] to this effect.

==Prophets as divine magnetizers==
Prophets, according to the Ahmadiyya Community, inspire humans to such an extent that faith (''eiman'') translates into practical application of the faith (''a'maal''). The prophets 'magnetize' and draw humans towards them and as a result of this, true faith – that is, ''eiman'' with a'maal (practical application) – is established amongst their followers. It is written, however, that the 'magnetism' which draws forth people that a prophet displays is for a limited time because, within a somewhat long time period after they die, the magnetism that the prophet brought becomes less and less until it is absolutely non-existent. Thus, either God immediately appoints a Successor to the prophet (who may be a prophet himself) that has died or, after hundreds of years, when the magnetism is virtually non-existent, God sends forth another new [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|messenger]] to display that magnetism once more. It is for this reason that, according to Ahmadiyya belief, followers of all faiths are not drawn to the magnetism of their founding prophets because that has become non-existent over time. This also applies, according to Ahmadiyya belief, to [[Sunni|Orthodox Islam]] because it has been centuries since the founding prophet [[Muhammad]] died and centuries still since Muhammad's original [[Caliphate]] ceased to exist. {{Citation needed|date=August 2020|reason=Requires at least one citation}}

===Caliphate===
According to Ahmadiyya belief, [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]], founder of the Ahmadiyya Community, was the promised [[messiah]], sent by God as a prophet to bring back that magnetism that draws forth humans. After he died in 1908, his first successor was elected and up until today, this [[Khalifatul Masih|Ahmadiyya Caliphate]] has spanned over century, seen 5 Caliphs and is continuing, in the manner of the first 4 Caliphs of the [[Rashidun|Pious Caliphate]] of Muhammad. However, the Ahmadiyya Caliphate is seen as a re-establishment and continuation of the first Islamic Caliphate of Muhammad and the Ahmadiyya Caliphs as successors to the promised messiah as well as to Muhammad. The Rightly-Guided Caliphs of [[Islam]] (Pious Caliphs and Ahmadiyya Caliphs) are thought to be chosen by God through the agency of pious believers. The Rightly-Guided Caliphs are considered to be guided by God after their election to this office. Thus, the present [[Khalifatul Masih|Ahmadiyya Khalifa]], [[Mirza Masroor Ahmad]] and also all other [[Khalifatul Masih|Ahmadiyya Khulafa]] are seen as successors of both the promised messiah and Muhammad, though human and in no way incarnations of God or any other status which would jeopardize the concept of the [[tawhid|Unity of God]] (see: ''Non-divinity of Prophets''). Though the caliphs, like the prophets, are deemed completely pure and sinless,<ref>https://www.alislam.org/books/my-relig/part2.html Islam: My Religion</ref> much like in [[Shia Islam]] (see: [[Ismah|''‘Isma'']]), however, they, like prophets, are not deemed immune from making mistakes pertaining to worldly affairs of everyday life or human errors in judgement.<ref>https://www.alislam.org/library/links/appoint_God.html The Khalifa Is Appointed by God,</ref>

Ahmadiyya belief dictates that prophethood is ''Qudrat Al-Awwal'' or the ‘first manifestation of God's omnipotence and rightly-guided caliphate’ (usually taken to mean the Ahmadiyya Caliphate) is a form of ''Qudrat Ath-Thaani'' or the ‘second manifestation of God's omnipotence’. However, in no way does the Ahmadiyya Community deem the Ahmadiyya Caliphate to be better than the Pious Caliphate of Muhammad because it has spanned a longer time or seen more caliphs.

==Non-divinity of Prophets==
The prophets of God are not seen as incarnations of God but are seen as mortal humans, as they have all died, according to Ahmadiyya belief (including [[Jesus]], who according to Ahmadiyya belief died and his body is not currently in Heaven right now as according to [[Sunni|Orthodox Islamic]] and [[Christianity|Christian]] belief). Each messenger is seen to have been an ordinary human who displayed righteousness and honesty to a degree that was not found even remotely in his society of the time. Then, according to Ahmadiyya belief, God is thought to have selected this pious human and told him his divine station of prophethood. God would then, invest the [[Holy Spirit]] (Arabic: ''rohil-Quddos'') within the newly appointed prophet and the prophet would become a ‘manifestation of God‘, though still a human being and not divine in his own right.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020|reason=Lacking citations}}
Prophets are not regarded as God, God's sons, incarnations of God, or in any other way which would put the unity of God, the concept of Islamic (''[[tawhid]]'') or the [[Shahadah|declaration of faith]] in jeopardy. The first part of the [[shahadah]], the essential declaration of a Muslim, states: "There is no god but [[Allah]]" and another version of the same is "There is none worthy of worship except [[Allah]]". The word Allah, according to Ahmadiyya belief, is a personal name of God, is a proper noun and is not a combination or a derivative of any other Arabic words. The second caliph of the Ahmadiyya Movement made this abundantly clear in his ground-breaking commentary of the Qur'an. He writes: "In the Arabic language, the word Allah is never used for any other thing or being. No other language has a distinctive name for the Supreme Being. The names found in other languages are all attributive or descriptive and are often used in the plural, but the word 'Allah' is never used in the plural number. It is a simple substantive, not derived. It is never used as a qualifying word."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/quran/tafseer/?page=5&region=E1|title=The Holy Quran}}</ref>

==Reflections of divine attributes==
Although Prophets are regarded as human beings, they are seen as having attained the highest rank of spirituality among all humans. According to the Ahmadiyya Community, only in spirituality (literally, "Nearness to God") does one deserve any honour and that also usually only by God Himself and thus racism, sexism, nationalism and other ideologies such as these are condemned by the Ahmadiyya Community.
The Prophets are seen to have resisted and overcome Satan, which is either Satan taking a corporeal form and inviting them to evil or the metaphorical Satan which is the base desires of humans (i.e. wealth, fame, lust, greed etc.).
The purpose of life, according to the Ahmadiyya Community, and in principle with the Qur'an, is to worship God. This worship is in two parts:

1.) Direct Prayer with God to establish communion with Him, ''Zikr-Illahi'' (Remembrance of God) and other spiritual exercises.

2.) Service to humanity. As humans are the creatures of God, service to them means that you are in part worshipping God. This service may be on any scale, from being polite or holding the door for people, to being a doctor or establishing/donating to a large humanitarian relief organization.
The only way to worship God completely is the way that He has told. Thus God sends prophets to ease this task for humans because they are seen as representatives of God on Earth.
According to Ahmadiyya belief, out of all Prophets which are representatives of God, Muhammad reflected God's commandments perfectly and was the "Seal of the Prophets" as described in the Qur'an.

===Ahmadiyya writings===
The ''Review of Religions'', a magazine started by Ahmad, founder of the Ahmadiyya Community, to promote inter-faith dialogue and guide seekers of the truth, which is the longest running Ahmadi English language magazine in the world, elaborates in the Prospectus of its first issue under its first volume (1902) and gives a short overview of the points above concerning Prophets being 'Manifestations of God' and 'Divine Magnetizers'. The Non-Divinity of Prophets, the Mirror Analogy, Sun and Lake Analogy and Prophets as the Reflection of Divine Attributes:
"…how to be enfranchised from the bondage of sin, and how to get out of the impurities of life? There is only one answer to this all-important question. Such a regeneration can only be effected by the one who comes with a magnetism from heaven, who on account of the extreme purity of his soul and the surpassing cleanliness of his heart is metaphorically called a Manifestation of God."<ref name="Religions Vol 2002. Pg. 8">Review of Religions Vol. 97, Num. 7, July 2002. Pg. 8</ref>

"He (the Prophet) removes the poisonous matters, gives the elixir vitae in their stead, burns the carnal passions and low motives of worldly life and ennobles the soul with the pure and exalted divine morals."<ref name="Religions Vol 2002. Pg. 8"/>

"Look at the sun and the moon: each new day requires a new appearance of the glorious orb of light."<ref name="Religions Vol 2002. Pg. 8"/>

"The holy one that rose in the days of [[Pontius Pilate|Pilate]] among the [[Jews]] (Jesus) was, no doubt, a sun of righteousness, but only so long as his magnetism attracted the hearts and his light worked a heavenly transformation in the souls of his followers. He is now a sun but one that has passed below the horizon. The radiant light which shone from his face and the brilliant luster which he cast around him is shorn of its beams and grown quite obscure, not the least trace of it being visible among those that call themselves after his name."<ref>Review of Religions Vol. 97, Num. 7, July 2002. Pgs. 8–9</ref>

"The holy one that sheds such light is not and cannot be God, but there is no doubt that he is one with God (this is in accordance with John 10:30 of the Bible where Jesus stated 'I and the Father are one') and his soul is in constant and close communion with God. He is the fountainhead of the divine powers, and the rare and hidden manifestations of the powers of the Almighty which are not generally disclosed, are revealed through him. Such persons are called the manifestations, 'incarnations' and representatives of God. In the manifestation of the divine powers they sit on the throne of God's glory.".<ref name="Religions Vol 2002. Pg. 9">Review of Religions Vol. 97, Num. 7, July 2002. Pg. 9</ref> This is however against the Islamic belief as God is One and there is none like Him and no one can share His Attributes.

"God is One and without any partner or rival, but persons of this type, the elect of God, whom the world has seen, may be counted by thousands. We may see a single face reflected in a thousand looking-glasses, and yet there are not really a thousand faces but only one face of which there are so many reflections. This world is a grand reflector; in other words, it is a place of glasses for the reflection of the 'face' of God and the face of Satan. God, so to speak, stands against some of the mirrors and therefore the 'image' of God is seen in them. Against others, Satan makes his appearance and his likeness is consequently witnessed in them. But from these reflections it should not be imagined that the images are so many different gods. There are thousands of the Manifestations of God, and thousands of those of the Devil."<ref name="Religions Vol 2002. Pg. 9"/>

"God made Adam in His image and after His likeness, and the Prince of the Devils manifested himself in the person of [[Cain and Abel|Cain]]. The manifestations of the Deity and the Devil have since then been appearing in the world…".<ref name="Religions Vol 2002. Pg. 9"/>

Even though man is made in the best shape, believing that God is like a human being is against the Islamic beliefs as God can not be imagined and He is beyond human comprehension and His Attributes can not be shared with anyone. Believing otherwise would be going against the fundamental beliefs in Islam of God is One, associating no one with Him and that no one can obtain His Unique Power and Attributes.

"Every age stands in need of new light and a new representative. Whenever this light grows dim in a people and the influence of a heavenly magnetizer is not felt among them, they bend down solely to the Earth and its mean cares. They are carried away by the current of carnal desires and drown in a flood of sins and impurities, unable to get out of it. History bears strong evidence to it."<ref name="Religions Vol 2002. Pg. 9"/>

==Prophet's relation to Divine Scriptures==
God would, according to Ahmadiyya belief, reveal the Prophet some knowledge of the unseen if He so wills, tell the Prophet to project his message across the people of his society, tell the Prophet to establish a gathering of his followers and continuously give the Prophet revelation expressing His Divine Will. Some, most or all of the revelation given to a Prophet is sometimes recorded as a Holy Scripture and thus, Ahmadis also believe in all those Books regarded as such, i.e. the Bible, [[Avesta]], [[Torah]], Qur'an etc.
Ahmadiyya belief states that some original Holy Scriptures such as the Scrolls of Abraham, are not to be found in contemporary times and that all Holy Scriptures, have undergone some form of interpolation or extraction by the followers of each independent faith and thus they are not reliable today as they were when they were first revealed.
Only the Qur'an has not undergone any interpolation/corruption and it is the same book in its entirety exactly as it was when it was revealed to Muhammad. It is labeled, like Muhammad's status of "Seal of the Prophets" as the "Seal of the Books" ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: ''Khatam-ul-Kutub'').

==Law-bearing and non law-bearing Prophets==
Prophets are divided into either 'law-bearing' or 'non law-bearing' categories. Law-bearing Prophets are known as those Prophets/Messengers that brought forth a new revelation by God, and a new Holy Scripture, thus often making the previous religion obsolete. Their laws, though essentially all part of the One and only religion by God, Islam, are suited for the specific time, place and societal needs of their independent civilizations. Thus, they would differ in minor details but remain with the essential principles of the One World Religion, Islam, that are, Unity and worship of God and service to humanity and/or all life on Earth. [[Noah]], [[Moses]] and Muhammad are examples of Law-bearing Prophets. Non law-bearing Prophets/Messengers do not bring forth any new revelation but are followers of a previous revelation given by a Law-bearing Prophet. They are usually Successors (Arabic: ''Khulafa'') of the previous Law-bearing Prophets in which they follow. Sometimes, they are not Successors of previous Prophets and are thus just contemporaries of Law-Bearing Prophets. The Prophets of the [[Old Testament]] ([[David]], [[Solomon]] etc.) are examples of Successor-Prophets of Moses and follow his Mosaic Law. [[Hud (prophet)|Hud]], a Prophet mentioned exclusively in the Qur'an, is an example of a contemporary Law-bearing Prophet, who in this case is Noah.

==Religious evolution==
The Ahmadiyya Writings reveal that Prophets have always been sent by God in the past to all nations of the world, as part of the single religion from God, which is Islam.
Religion is taught to be progressive and the Prophets reveal teachings either more advanced than their preceding religions or suited for each specific time, place and society. If one were to strip all religions of their innovative teachings, one would find that they are all essentially identical, according to Ahmadiyya belief.
All religions, according to the Ahmadiyya teaching of the evolution of religion, were part of Islam and were revealed in parts like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. But then, according to Ahmadiyya belief, God fully revealed the whole of Islam, in its perfect form, to Muhammad. Islam was thus called the 'Seal of the Religions' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: ''Khatam-ud-Din'') just as Muhammad was called "Seal of the Prophets".
One of the earliest recorded expressions of this religious perennialism is found in the [[Bhagavad-Gita]], which the Ahmadiyya Community acknowledges as of Divine origin:
"I come, and go, and come. When Righteousness declines, O Bharata! When Wickedness is strong, I rise, from age to age, and take visible shape, and move a man with men, succouring the good, thrusting the evil back, and setting Virtue on her seat again." (Bhagavad-Gita, Chapter IV)

==Prophets as celestial beings==
"We have adorned the lowest heaven with an adornment – the planets." (37:7)

"And We have, indeed, made mansions of stars in the heaven and have adorned it for beholders." (15:17)

"Blessed is He Who has made in the heaven mansions of the stars and has placed therein a Lamp producing light and a moon that reflects light." (25:62)

"…And He created the sun and the moon and the stars – all made subservient by His command…" (7:55)

The above verses of the Qur'an, according to the Ahmadiyya Community, have many interpretations, one in which the verses reveal key astronomical knowledge about the stars, planets and other celestial bodies. Another interpretation of these verses (and the one used for the subject at hand) made by the Ahmadis is that the universe is the 'spiritual universe', the celestial beings (i.e. stars, planets, etc.) as the Prophets, the sun as Muhammad and the moon as Ahmad.

The moon is taken to be Ahmad because in every verse above where the moon is signified, the word ''Qamar'' is used and that word distinctly means Full Moon (see: 'Moon of the Prophets' below).

"By the heaven having mansions of stars. And the Promised Day, And the Witness and he to whom witness is borne." (85:2-4)

According to the Ahmadiyya interpretation of the above verse, the stars signify Prophets and the 'Promised Day' as the day of the coming of Ahmad (it is also interpreted as the Day of Resurrection). The Witness in this verse signifies Ahmad as he was a ''Shahid'' (Witness) as all other Prophets were and was a witness to the truth of the 'one to whom witness is borne' in this verse, or Muhammad as he was a Mashhud (One to whom witness is made) as all other prophets were.

Rejection of even one of the Prophets, results in the rejection of all prophets, according to the [[Ahmadiyya Community]].

===Seal of the Prophets===
The Qur'an refers to Muhammad as the "Seal of the Prophets" ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: ''Khatam-un-Nabiyeen''). In the Qur'an, he is also known by the term ''Khatam-ul-Mursaleen'' (Seal of the Envoys). [[Islam|Muslims]] take this to mean that Muhammad was the final Prophet and that no prophet after him would be able to come at all. Ahmadis interpret this differently. According to Ahmadiyya belief, Muhammad is the "Seal of the Prophets" in that his law, as opposed to the nationalist laws of the preceding Prophets, was not aimed at a specific part of the world but to all of mankind, as according to the Qur'an: "And We have sent thee (Muhammad) not but as a mercy for all peoples." (21:108). Thus, Muhammad was the most perfect Prophet out of all Prophets, and his law, Islam, was perfect. All religions, according to the Ahmadiyya teaching of the evolution of religion, were part of Islam and were revealed in parts like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. But then, according to Ahmadiyya belief, God fully revealed the whole of Islam to Muhammad. This religion was to be the final religion for humans on Earth, chosen by God to establish His Unity. According to Ahmadiyya belief, thus, non law-bearing prophets may come after Muhammad but only if they follow his final law of Islam.

==Prophets sent to all nations==

See also [[Criteria of True Prophet]]

A [[Hadith]] of Muhammad states that "124,000 Prophets" came before his advent .<ref>Musnad V. 266</ref> This is in accordance with many Qur'anic verses, namely:
"And there is no people to whom a Warner (''Nazir'') has not been sent." (35:25), "And there is a guide for every people." (13:8), "There are no people (in the world) to whom We have not sent a Warner." (32:25). Each prophet brought forth a message suited for his own societal needs, time period and specific place on Earth, i.e. it is inconceivable that an Australian at the time of Moses be a Jew. This is also in accordance with the Qur'anic verse: "And We sent Messengers before thee among parties of ancient peoples." (15:11). In accordance with this Qur'anic principle, there is the following verse of the Qur'an: "We sent some Messengers whom We have already mentioned to thee and some Messengers whom We have not mentioned to thee" (4:165). Thus, as the Qur'an only mentions 24 Prophets, these Prophets whom God has not mentioned in the Qur'an, according to the Ahmadiyya Community, would be the Prophets of the Bible not mentioned in the Qur'an and the Founders of the [[World Religions]] and other religious personages sent throughout the world. [[Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad]], who is called The Promised Son by Ahmadis, was also the Second [[Khalifa-tul-Masih]] of the Ahmadiyya Community writes: "According to this teaching there has not been a single people at any time in history or anywhere in the world who have not had a warner from God, a teacher, a prophet. According to the Holy Qur'an there have been prophets at all times and in all countries. India, China, Russia, Afghanistan, parts of Africa, Europe, America - all had prophets according to the theory of divine guidance taught by the Holy Qur'an. When, therefore, Muslims hear about prophets of other peoples or other countries, they do not deny them. They do not brand them as liars. Muslims believe that other peoples have had their teachers. If other peoples have had prophets, books, and laws, these constitute no difficulty for Islam."<ref name="ReferenceA">''Introduction to the Study of the Holy Qur'an'' by Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad. Part 2, Argument 4 Section labeled "A Grand Conception"</ref> Ahmad, founder of the Ahmadiyya Community wrote in his book ''A Message of Peace'':

"Our God has never discriminated between one people and another. This is illustrated by the fact that all the potentials and capabilities (Prophets) which have been granted to the Aryans (Hindus) have also been granted to the races inhabiting Arabia, Persia, Syria, China, Japan, Europe and America."<ref name="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad pg. 6">''A Message of Peace'' by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, pg. 6)</ref>

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad also wrote within the same book:

"God also made it clear in several places in the Holy Qur'an that His Messengers have been appearing in different lands all over the world. In fact He did not neglect any people or any country."<ref>''A Message of Peace'' by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, pg. 9</ref>

==Unity of Prophethood==
All prophets are regarded as the One and of having the same essential message and disbelief in one of the Prophets is tantamount to disbelief in all of the Prophets. "We make no distinction between any of His Messengers." (2:286) Sometimes, however, Prophets are ranked higher or lower than other ones, as shown in the Qur'an: "These Messengers have We exalted some of them above others; among them there are those whom Allah spoke; and some of them He exalted in degrees of rank..." (2:253)

==See also==
* [[Khatam an-Nabiyyin]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ahmadiyya topics|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Ahmadiyya belief and doctrine]]
[[Category:Prophecy in Islam| ]]

Manoj Singh

2025-04-04T01:00:18Z

Qtree2009: small cleaned up layout after review and updated info

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1990)}}
{{about|the cricketer|the politician|Manoj Singh Mandavi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Manoj Singh
| image =
| country =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|10|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Dehri]], [[Bihar]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting =
| bowling =
| role =
| club1 =
| year1 =
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 =
| year2 =
| clubnumber2 =
| date = 27 October 2016
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/425784.html ESPNcricinfo
}}

'''Manoj Singh''' (born 15 October 1990) is an Indian [[cricket]]er.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/425784.html |title=Manoj Singh |access-date=27 October 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut for [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]] in the [[2016–17 Ranji Trophy]] on 27 October 2016.<ref name="FC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1053559.html |title=Ranji Trophy, Group C: Chhattisgarh v Kerala at Jamshedpur, Oct 27-30, 2016 |access-date=27 October 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> In October 2017, he scored his maiden first-class century for Chhattisgarh against [[Goa cricket team|Goa]] in the [[2017–18 Ranji Trophy]].<ref name="century">{{cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/1123225.html |title=Chopra triple-ton helps Himachal amass 729 |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |date=7 October 2017 |access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref>

He made his [[Twenty20]] debut for Chhattisgarh in the [[2016–17 Inter State Twenty-20 Tournament]] on 29 January 2017.<ref name="T20">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1079283.html |title=Inter State Twenty-20 Tournament, Central Zone: Chhattisgarh v Uttar Pradesh at Jaipur, Jan 29, 2017 |access-date=29 January 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[List A cricket|List A]] debut for Chhattisgarh in the [[2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy]] on 25 February 2017.<ref name="LA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1053749.html |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy, Group D: Chhattisgarh v Jharkhand at Kolkata, Feb 26, 2017 |access-date=26 February 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{ESPNcricinfo|id=425784}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Manoj}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Bihar]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1990-stub}}

Pt. Ram Prasad Bismil Autonomous State Medical College, Shahjahanpur

2025-02-04T16:44:55Z

Qtree2009:

{{Short description|Medical college in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Infobox college
| name = Autonomous State Medical College Shahjahanpur and Pt. Ram Prasad Bismil District Hospital
| type = [[Government]]
| established = {{start date and age|2019}}
| principal = Dr. Rajesh Kumar
| address = Dharnipur Jignera
| city = [[Shahjahanpur]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| country = India
| coor = {{coord|27.8180189|79.8410153|display=inline,title}}
| postcode = 242226
| coordinates =
| pushpin_map =
| colors =
| affiliations = *[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee Medical University]] (2021–present)
| website = http://www.smcshah.in/
}}

'''Autonomous State Medical College, Shahjahanpur''' or '''Autonomous State Medical College Shahjahanpur and associated Pt. Ram Prasad Bismil District Hospital''' is a Government Medical college. It was established in year 2019 at [[Shahjahanpur]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=State Medical College {{!}} Pt Ram Prasad Bismil Memorial Hospital Dharnipur Jignera|url=http://www.smcshah.in/|access-date=2022-01-22|website=www.smcshah.in}}</ref>

==About college==
The college imparts the degree Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS).The selection to the college is done on the basis of merit through [[National Eligibility and Entrance Test]]. Yearly undergraduate student intake is 100 from the year 2019.

==Courses==
Autonomous State Medical College, Shahjahanpur undertakes education and training of students MBBS courses with annual intake of 100 students
The College has also started DNB courses and the prospect of Post-graduation courses in future is increasing.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=Edufever|date=2020-09-04|title=Government Medical College Shahjahanpur 2021-22: Admission, Courses, Fees, Cutoff, Counselling & More!|url=https://www.edufever.com/gmc-shahjahanpur/|access-date=2022-01-22|website=Edufever|language=en-GB}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of hospitals in India]]

==References==
{{reflist|1}}

== External links ==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.smcshah.in/|title=State Medical College | Pt Ram Prasad Bismil Memorial Hospital Dharnipur Jignera|website=smcshah.in|accessdate=2020-11-10}}

[[Category:Medical colleges in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Shahjahanpur district]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2019]]
[[Category:2019 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

{{India-hospital-stub}}
{{UttarPradesh-university-stub}}

States of India by Malayalam speakers

2025-01-13T04:23:09Z

Qtree2009: cleanup

This is a list of [[States and union territories of India|states and territories]] of [[India]] by number of people for whom [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] is their [[mother tongue]] (first language) as of [http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2011/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement3.htm census 2001]. Gross population figures are<ref>http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm available online.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html |title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2018-10-02 |archive-date=2018-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815035759/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |Rank
! rowspan="2" |'''[[States and union territories of India|State/ Union territory]]'''
! colspan="3" |'''1981 census'''
! colspan="3" |'''[[1991 Census of India|1991 census]]'''
! colspan="3" |'''[[2001 Census of India|2001 census]]'''
! colspan="3" |'''[[2011 Census of India|2011 census]]'''
|-
!'''Malayalam speakers'''
!'''% of state'''
!'''% of Malayalam'''
!'''Malayalam speakers'''
!'''% of state'''
!'''% of Malayalam'''
!'''Malayalam speakers'''
!'''% of state'''
!'''% of Malayalam'''
!'''Malayalam speakers'''
!'''% of state'''
!'''% of Malayalam'''
|-
|—
|[[India]]
|25,952,966
|3.92%
|100%
|30,377,176
|3.62%
|100%
|33,066,392
|3.21%
|100%
|34,838,819
|2.88% (Tenth most spoken in India)
|100%
|-
|1
|[[Kerala]]
|24,231,396
|95.99%
|93.37%
|28,096,376
|96.56%
|92.49
|30,803,747
|96.75%
|93.16
|32,413,213
|97.03%
|93.04
|-
|2
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|577,890
|1.20%
|2.23%
|661,137
|1.18%
|2.18
|557,705
|0.90%
|1.69
|774,057
|1.01%
|2.22
|-
|3
|[[Karnataka]]
|590,709
|1.60%
|2.28%
|757,030
|1.68%
|2.49
|701,673
|1.33%
|2.12
|726,096
|1.27%
|2.08
|-
|4
|[[Maharashtra]]
|220,871
|0.36%
|0.85%
|340,597
|0.43%
|1.12
|406,358
|0.42%
|1.23
|366,153
|0.33%
|1.05
|-
|5
|[[Delhi]]
|31,143
|0.50%
|0.12%
|64,952
|0.69%
|0.21
|92,009
|0.66%
|0.28
|88,662
|0.53%
|0.25
|-
|6
|[[Gujarat]]
|30,610
|0.09%
|0.12%
|57,701
|0.14%
|0.19
|67,838
|0.13%
|0.21
|64,998
|0.11%
|0.19
|-
|7
|[[United Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh/ Telangana]]
|44,489
|0.08%
|0.17%
|66,409
|0.10%
|0.22
|62,214
|0.08%
|0.19
|61,147
|0.07%
|0.18
|-
|8
|[[Lakshadweep]]
|33,559
|84.51%
|0.13%
|43,678
|84.47%
|0.14
|51,555
|84.10%
|0.16
|54,264
|84.17%
|0.16
|-
|9
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|59,928
|0.11%
|0.23%
|80,759
|0.12%
|0.27
|48,515
|0.08%
|0.15
|37,761
|0.05%
|0.11
|-
|10
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|30,886
|5.15%
|0.12%
|38,392
|4.75%
|0.13
|42,782
|4.39%
|0.13
|47,973
|3.84%
|0.14
|-
|11
|[[Rajasthan]]
|12,679
|0.04%
|0.05%
|26,450
|0.06%
|0.09
|33,975
|0.06%
|0.10
|24,439
|0.04%
|0.07
|-
|12
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
|18,662
|10.43%
|0.07%
|26,075
|9.29%
|0.09
|28,869
|8.09%
|0.09
|27,475
|7.22%
|0.08
|-
|13
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|26,319
|0.13%
|0.08
|23,370
|0.09%
|0.07
|-
|14
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|5,410
|0.01%
|0.02%
|15,721
|0.01%
|0.05
|19,683
|0.01%
|0.06
|24,450
|0.01%
|0.07
|-
|15
|[[West Bengal]]
|10,478
|0.02%
|0.04%
|17,215
|0.03%
|0.06
|17,043
|0.02%
|0.05
|10,952
|0.01%
|0.03
|-
|16
|[[Goa]]
|7,634
|0.72%
|0.03%
|12,962
|1.10%
|0.04
|15,081
|1.12%
|0.05
|12,983
|0.89%
|0.04
|-
|17
|[[Haryana]]
|4,423
|0.03%
|0.02%
|8,038
|0.05%
|0.03
|13,989
|0.07%
|0.04
|14,518
|0.06%
|0.04
|-
|18
|[[Odisha]]
|13,536
|0.05%
|0.05%
|16,246
|0.05%
|0.05
|10,440
|0.03%
|0.03
|9,004
|0.02%
|0.03
|-
|19
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|1,135
|0.02%
|0.00%
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|10,063
|0.10%
|0.03
|11,248
|0.09%
|0.03
|-
|20
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|3,591
|0.02%
|0.01%
|7,139
|0.04%
|0.02
|10,669
|0.04%
|0.03
|9,734
|0.04%
|0.03
|-
|21
|[[Jharkhand]]
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|8,783
|0.03%
|0.03
|6,549
|0.02%
|0.02
|-
|22
|[[Assam]]
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
| 3,575
|0.02%
|0.01
|8,141
|0.03%
|0.02
|5,768
|0.02%
|0.02
|-
|23
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|2,164
|0.36%
|0.01%
|5,046
|0.58%
|0.02
|5,583
|0.50%
|0.02
|4,012
|0.29%
|0.01
|-
|24
|[[Nagaland]]
|2,414
|0.32%
|0.01%
|4,493
|0.37%
|0.01
|3,901
|0.20%
|0.01
|2,916
|0.15%
|0.01
|-
|25
|[[Uttarakhand]]
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|2,870
|0.03%
|0.01
|3,168
|0.03%
|0.01
|-
|26
|[[Chandigarh]]
|1,639
|0.37%
|0.01%
|2,435
|0.38%
|0.01
|2,356
|0.26%
|0.01
|1,979
|0.01%
|0.01
|-
|27
|[[Meghalaya]]
|914
|0.07%
|0.00%
|2,142
|0.12%
|0.01
|2,000
|0.09%
|0.01
|1,789
|0.06%
|0.01
|-
|28
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
|286
|0.28%
|0.00%
|803
|0.58%
|0.00
|1,839
|0.83%
|0.01
|2,172
|0.63%
|0.01
|-
|29
|[[Tripura]]
|208
|0.01%
|0.00%
|1,231
|0.05%
|0.00
|1,747
|0.05%
|0.01
|1,173
|0.03%
|0.00
|-
|30
|[[Mizoram]]
|532
|0.11%
|0.00%
|1,375
|0.20%
|0.00
|1,322
|0.15%
|0.00
|718
|0.07%
|0.00
|-
|31
|[[Manipur]]
|409
|0.03%
|0.00%
|1,792
|0.10%
|0.01
|1,231
|0.05%
|0.00
|1,519
|0.06%
|0.00
|-
|32
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|1,034
|0.03%
|0.00%
|1,257
|0.02%
|0.00
|1,231
|0.02%
|0.00
|1,211
|0.02%
|0.00
|-
|33
|[[Daman and Diu]]
| -
| -
| -
|283
|0.28%
|0.00
|1,166
|0.74%
|0.00
|1,229
|0.50%
|0.00
|-
|34
|[[Sikkim]]
|577
|0.19%
|0.00%
|710
|0.18%
|0.00
|1,021
|0.19%
|0.00
|899
|0.15%
|0.00
|-
|35
|[[Bihar]]
|13,760
|0.02%
|0.00%
|15,157
|0.02%
|0.05
|2,674
|0.00%
|0.01
|1,220
|0.00%
|0.00
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Malayalam language]]
[[Category:Lists of states of India by number of speakers of the languages|Malayalam]]
[[Category:Malayalam-related lists]]

Disney (director)

2024-10-30T04:44:41Z

Qtree2009: created a article

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{short description|Indian film director}}
{{Infobox person
|image =
|imagesize =
|caption =
|name = Disney
|birth_place = [[Tamil Nadu]], India
|occupation = Film director
|spouse =
|children =
|years active = 2011–present
|
}}

'''Disney''', previously credited as '''V. K. Gnanasekar''', is an Indian film director, who has directed Tamil language films. He became known for the thriller drama ''[[Naan Sivanagiren]]'' (2011), and has gone on to make feature films including ''[[Irumbu Manithan]]'' (2020) and ''[[Kuttram Purinthal]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Itsy-bitsy/article16300524.ece|title=Itsy-bitsy|newspaper=The Hindu |date=13 May 2010|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/may-11-01/rajesh-rama-narayanan-07-05-11.html|title=Rajesh & Suseendran Give.... Rama Narayanan & Sasi Receive... - Rajesh - Rama Narayanan - Suseendran - Sasi - Tamil Movie News - Behindwoods.com|website=www.behindwoods.com}}</ref>

==Career==
Disney, then credited as V. K. Gnanasekar, made his directorial debut through the thriller drama ''[[Naan Sivanagiren]]'' (2011) featuring newcomers. He worked on the story, screenplay, dialogues and lyrics for the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2010/05/10/Fea31.asp|title=Features | Online edition of Daily News - Lakehouse Newspapers|website=archives.dailynews.lk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2010/may/04/punishing-the-culprits-162359.html|title=Punishing the culprits|website=The New Indian Express|date=16 May 2012 }}</ref> The film opened to negative reviews.

Disney then began work on ''[[Kuttram Purinthal]]'', but its production delay meant that his next release was ''[[Irumbu Manithan]]'' (2020) starring [[Santhosh Prathap]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/this-family-entertainer-is-set-in-multiple-time-periods/articleshow/72978842.cms|title=This family entertainer is set in multiple time periods|newspaper=The Times of India |date=26 December 2019 }}</ref> The film opened to mixed reviews, with ''[[The Times of India]]'' giving the film 1.5 stars out of five stars.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/irumbu-manithan/movie-review/74385178.cms|title=Irumbu Manithan Movie Review: An overly melodramatic film|work=The Times of India}}</ref> In contrast, the critic from ''[[Dina Thanthi]]'' praised the acting, direction, and story.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/2020/03/02230310/Irumbu-Manithan-in-cinema-review.vpf|title=முதலாளியாக இருந்தாலும் பரோட்டா மாஸ்டராக வேலை பார்ப்பது, தத்து குழந்தைகளை பிரிக்க சதி செய்யும் காதலியை உதறி தள்ளுவது - இரும்பு மனிதன்|date=2 March 2020}}</ref>

==Filmography==
;Films
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Notes
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Naan Sivanagiren]]'' ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Irumbu Manithan]]'' ||
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Kuttram Purinthal]]'' ||
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{imdb name|11653749}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Disney}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]

75th Independence Anniversary Medal (India)

2024-07-16T05:28:51Z

Qtree2009: minor cleanup

#REDIRECT [[75th Independence Anniversary Medal]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Ebar Morle Gachh Hawbo

2023-10-26T13:26:16Z

Qtree2009: Created a redirect

#REDIRECT [[Anupam Roy]]