https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=PureganicsBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-07-28T11:37:05ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=M._Sinthanai_Selvan&diff=514006M. Sinthanai Selvan2026-05-07T19:18:59Z<p>Pureganics: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Sinthanai Selvan<br />
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start = 12 May 2021<br />
| term_end = 6 May 2026<br />
| constituency = [[Kattumannarkoil Assembly constituency|Kattumannarkoil]]<br />
| party = [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]]<br />
| predecessor = [[N. Murugumaran]]<br />
| successor = L. E. Jothimani<br />
| 1blankname = [[List of speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]<br />
| 1namedata = [[M. Appavu]]<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1966|12|12|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[South Arcot District (Madras Presidency)|South Arcot District]],<br/>[[Madras State]], India<br />
}}<br />
{{Indian name|Sinthanai Selvan|Mahimainathan}}<br />
<br />
'''Mahimainathan Sinthanai Selvan''' is an Indian politician who is a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]. He was elected from [[Kattumannarkoil Assembly constituency|Kattumannarkoil]] as a [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]] candidate in 2021.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220124052207/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC159.pdf |url= https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC159.pdf|access-date= 1 May 2022 |archive-date=24 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kattumannarkoil Election Result |url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a159|access-date= 1 May 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
Sinthanai Selvan was born to A. Mahimainathan on 12 December 1966.<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Affidavits2011/151/Sinthanai%20selvan.pdf}}</ref><br />
<br />
He got his [[Secondary School Leaving Certificate]] (SSLC) from Government Higher Secondary School, [[Rishivandiyam]] in March 1981.<br />
<br />
In April 1984, he obtained a [[Diploma]] in [[Mechanical engineering]] (DME) at ''[[Periyar|Thanthai Periyar EVR]]'' Government Polytechnic College, [[Vellore]].<br />
<br />
Before entering politics, he worked as an Executive Engineer at [[NLC India Limited|Neyveli Lignite Corporation India Limited]] (NLCIL) from February 1989 to April 2006.<br />
<br />
He is married to Thangam. The couple has two sons.<br />
<br />
==Electoral performance ==<br />
{{transcluded section|source=Kattumannarkoil Assembly constituency}}<br />
{{trim|{{#section-h:Kattumannarkoil Assembly constituency|2021}}}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Selvan, Sinthanai}}<br />
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{TamilNadu-politician-stub}}</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajbanshi&diff=528489Rajbanshi2026-05-07T09:13:00Z<p>Pureganics: Created basic stub added tags - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{wikt|Rajbanshi|Rajbongshi}}<br />
'''Rajbanshi''' or '''Rajbongshi''' may refer to:<br />
* [[Rajbongshi people]], an ethnic group of South Asia<br />
** [[Rangpuri language]] or Rajbanshi language, their Indo-Aryan language<br />
*** [[Rajbanshi language (Nepal)]], an Indo-Aryan language of Nepal, closely related to the above<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Rangpur (disambiguation)]]<br />
*[[Rajvanshi Devi]] (1886–1962), first First Lady of India<br />
*Priya Rajvanshi or [[Priya Rajvansh]] (1936–2000), Indian film actress<br />
<br />
{{Disambiguation}}<br />
[[Category:Language and nationality disambiguation pages]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaliabor_Assembly_constituency&diff=507658Kaliabor Assembly constituency2026-05-06T15:53:54Z<p>Pureganics: made biography!</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Assam legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Kaliabor<br />
| constituency_no = 57<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| map_image = Kaliabor Assembly constituency map 2023.svg<br />
| state = [[Assam]]<br />
| latest_election_year = <br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Kaziranga Lok Sabha constituency|Kaziranga]]<br />
| district = [[Nagaon district|Nagaon]]<br />
| established = 1951<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| incumbent_image = <br />
| mla = [[Keshab Mahanta]]<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Asom Gana Parishad}}<br />
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br />
| electors = <br />
}}<br />
'''Kaliabor Assembly constituency''' is one of the 126 assembly constituencies of [[Assam]] a north east state of [[India]]. [[Kaliabor]] is also part of [[Kaziranga Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" <br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan="2" | Political party<br />
|-<br />
| [[1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br />
| rowspan=3 |[[Lila Kanta Bara]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1957 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1962 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
| rowspan=1 |[[Atul Chandra Goswami]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party|rowspan=1}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
| rowspan=1 |[[Golap Chandra Barua]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=1}}<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]]<br />
| rowspan=1 |[[Atul Chandra Goswami]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Independent|rowspan=1}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]]<br />
| rowspan=1 |[[Baloram Nag]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=1}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
| rowspan=1 |[[Prafulla Kumar Mahanta]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Independent|rowspan=1}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1986 (By elections)]]<br />
| rowspan=1 |[[Gunin Hazarika]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Independent|rowspan=1}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br />
| rowspan=1 |[[Baloram Nag]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=1}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br />
| rowspan=2 |[[Gunin Hazarika]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Asom Gana Parishad|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br />
| rowspan=4 |[[Keshab Mahanta]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Asom Gana Parishad|rowspan=4}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
<br />
=== 2026 ===<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Kaliabor}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Keshab Mahanta]]|party=Asom Gana Parishad|votes=74,029|percentage=45.10|change=-13.96}}<br />
{{Election box candidate |candidate=Jitendra Gour|party= [[Independent politician|Independent (BJP Rebel)]]|votes=56,139|percentage=34.20|change=+34.20}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pradip Kumar Baruah|party=Raijor Dal|votes=30,375|percentage=18.51|change=+18.51}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above||votes=2,040|percentage=1.24|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jyotiska Ranjan Goswami|party=Independent|votes=1,562|percentage=0.95|change=+0.95}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,890|percentage=10.90|change=-12.12}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=164,145|percentage=86|change=}}<br />
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Asom Gana Parishad<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2021===<br />
{{Election box begin |title=[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|Assam Legislative Assembly Election, 2021]]: [[Kaliabor]]}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
||candidate=[[Keshab Mahanta]]<br />
|party=Asom Gana Parishad<br />
|votes=73,677<br />
|percentage=59.06<br />
|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate=[[Prasanta Kumar Saikia]]<br />
|party=Indian National Congress<br />
|votes= 44,957<br />
|percentage=36.04<br />
|change=}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=28,720|percentage=23.02|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box Registered electors<br />
|reg. electors = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Asom Gana Parishad<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2016===<br />
{{Election box begin|<br />
title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Kaliabor}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Asom Gana Parishad<br />
|candidate = [[Keshab Mahanta]]<br />
|votes = 64,759<br />
|percentage = 62.02<br />
|change = +12.46<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Bindu Ganju<br />
|votes = 26,769<br />
|percentage = 25.63<br />
|change = -13.96<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = All India United Democratic Front<br />
|candidate = Boloram Nag<br />
|votes = 3,682<br />
|percentage = 3.52<br />
|change = ''N/A''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|candidate = Bijay Kumar Chamaria<br />
|votes = 2,325<br />
|percentage = 2.22<br />
|change = ''N/A''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Communist Party of India<br />
|candidate = Promode Bhuyan<br />
|votes = 2,063<br />
|percentage = 1.97<br />
|change = +0.61<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|candidate = Jayanta Orang<br />
|votes = 1,016<br />
|percentage = 0.97<br />
|change = ''N/A''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate|<br />
|party = LDP<br />
|candidate = Bhupen Chandra Borah<br />
|votes = 870<br />
|percentage = 0.83<br />
|change = ''N/A''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|candidate = Bhaskar Sharma<br />
|votes = 794<br />
|percentage = 0.76<br />
|change = ''N/A''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharat Vikas Morcha<br />
|candidate = Biren Mirdha<br />
|votes = 503<br />
|percentage = 0.48<br />
|change = ''N/A''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = None of the above<br />
|votes = 1,626<br />
|percentage = 1.55<br />
|change = ''N/A''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 37,990<br />
|percentage = 36.39<br />
|change = +26.42<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,04,407<br />
|percentage = 86.07<br />
|change = +5.18<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Asom Gana Parishad<br />
|swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2011===<br />
{{Election box begin|<br />
title=[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Kaliabor}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Asom Gana Parishad<br />
|candidate = [[Keshab Mahanta]]<br />
|votes = 44,886<br />
|percentage = 49.56<br />
|change = +7.40<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Tapan Kumar Borah<br />
|votes = 35,857<br />
|percentage = 39.59<br />
|change = +10.90<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Hare Krishna Mahato<br />
|votes = 5,737<br />
|percentage = 6.33<br />
|change = -2.68<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|candidate = Biren Mirdha<br />
|votes = 1,573<br />
|percentage = 1.74<br />
|change = ''N/A''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Communist Party of India<br />
|candidate = Promod Bhuyan<br />
|votes = 1,228<br />
|percentage = 1.36<br />
|change = ''N/A''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation<br />
|candidate = Ditumoni Gogoi<br />
|votes = 863<br />
|percentage = 0.95<br />
|change = ''N/A''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Nationalist Congress Party<br />
|candidate = Manab Jyoti Mahanta<br />
|votes = 420<br />
|percentage = 0.46<br />
|change = ''N/A''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 8,989<br />
|percentage = 9.97<br />
|change = -3.50<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 90,564<br />
|percentage = 80.89<br />
|change = -0.04<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Asom Gana Parishad<br />
|swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2006===<br />
{{Election box begin|<br />
title=Assam Legislative Assembly election, 2006: Kaliabor}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Asom Gana Parishad<br />
|candidate = [[Keshab Mahanta]]<br />
|votes = 37,031<br />
|percentage = 42.16<br />
|change = -4.49<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Simanchal Digal<br />
|votes = 25,199<br />
|percentage = 28.69<br />
|change = -17.19<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate|<br />
|party = AGP(P)<br />
|candidate = Gunin Hazarika<br />
|votes = 15,177<br />
|percentage = 17.28<br />
|change = ''N/A''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Dhrubajyoti Borgohain<br />
|votes = 7,912<br />
|percentage = 9.01<br />
|change = ''N/A''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Janata Dal (United)<br />
|candidate = Sabitri Boruah<br />
|votes = 2,514<br />
|percentage = 2.86<br />
|change = ''N/A''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 11,832<br />
|percentage = 13.47<br />
|change = +12.70<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 87,833<br />
|percentage = 80.93<br />
|change = +4.14<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Asom Gana Parishad<br />
|swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2001===<br />
{{Election box begin|<br />
title=Assam Legislative Assembly election, 2001: Kaliabor}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Asom Gana Parishad<br />
|candidate = Gunin Hazarika<br />
|votes = 32,293<br />
|percentage = 46.65<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Simanchal Digal<br />
|votes = 31,757<br />
|percentage = 45.88<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|candidate = Dhrubajyoti Borgohain<br />
|votes = 3,169<br />
|percentage = 4.58<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|candidate = Kanak Hazarika<br />
|votes = 1,879<br />
|percentage = 2.71<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|candidate = Bipin Mahato<br />
|votes = 119<br />
|percentage = 0.17<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 536<br />
|percentage = 0.77<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 69,217<br />
|percentage = 76.79<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Asom Gana Parishad<br />
|swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Kaliabor]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Nagaon district]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br />
[[Category:1951 establishments in Assam]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Begum_Rokeya&diff=490297Begum Rokeya2026-05-05T15:48:48Z<p>Pureganics: created a stub from scratch</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Bengali feminist writer and social reformer (1880–1932)}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Begum Rokeya<br />
| image = Begum Rokeya.jpg<br />
| birth_name = Rokeya Khatun<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1880|12|09|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Mithapukur Upazila|Pairaband]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] <br>(now [[Rangpur Division|Rangpur]], Bangladesh)<br />
| other_names = {{plainlist|<br />
* Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain<br />
* R. S. Hossain<br />
* Rokeya Khatoon<br />
}}<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1932|12|09|1880|12|09|df=yes}}<br />
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], Bengal Presidency, British India <br>(now [[West Bengal]], India)<br />
| resting_place = [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, India<br />
| occupation = Writer, feminist thinker, educator, activist<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Khan Bahadur Sakhawat Hossain|1898|1909|end=died}}<br />
| relatives = [[Karimunnesa Khanam Chaudhurani]] (sister)<br />[[Abdul Karim Ghaznavi]] (nephew)<br />[[Abdul Halim Ghaznavi]] (nephew)<br />
}}<br />
'''Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain'''{{efn|Though "Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain" (a romanised form of her married name in {{langx|bn|রোকেয়া সাখাওয়াত হোসেন}}") is the commonly used spelling of Rokeya's full married name, Rokeya herself is never seen to use her full married name in this English spelling. In much of her correspondence in English, she used just her initials: 'R. S. Hossein' (also used on the cover of the 1st edition of ''Sultana's Dream''). In some other correspondences in English, she used "Rokeya Khatun", or "Khatoon". In most of her correspondence in Bengali, she used just her first name "{{langx|bn|রোকেয়া|label=none}}" (would be "Rokeya" if romanized).<ref name="Niaz">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/book-reviews/feminist-foremother-critical-essays-rokeya-sakhawat-hossain-1462744|title=A Feminist Foremother: Critical Essays on Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain|date=16 September 2017|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=17 December 2018|archive-date=7 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007123324/https://www.thedailystar.net/book-reviews/feminist-foremother-critical-essays-rokeya-sakhawat-hossain-1462744|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=bpedia/>}} (9 December 1880{{Efn|Though Rokeya's birthday is celebrated along with her death anniversary on 9 December, her birthday is more conjecture than a fact as it was not documented.<ref name=azad/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Begum |first1=Maleka |author-link1=Maleka Begum |title=Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain |script-title=bn:রোকেয়া সাখাওয়াত হোসেন|date=2018 |publisher=Prothoma |location=Dhaka |page=11 |language=bn}}</ref>}} – 9 December 1932), commonly known as '''[[Begum]] Rokeya''',{{efn|The honorific "[[Begum]]" is not a part of Hossain's name; it is added as a feminine title of respect, primarily in the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name="Niaz"/>}} was a prominent [[Bengalis|Bengali]] feminist thinker, writer, educator and political activist from [[British India]]. She is widely regarded as a pioneer of [[Feminist movement|feminism]] in Bangladesh and India.<br />
<br />
She advocated for men and women to be treated equally as rational beings, noting that the lack of education for women was responsible for their inferior economic position.<ref name=azad>{{cite book|title=[[Naree]]|last=Azad|first=Humayun|publisher=Agamee Prokashon|location=Dhaka|pages=282–299|language=bn|script-title=bn:নারী|trans-title=The Woman|chapter=Purushtantra o Rokeyar Naribad|script-chapter=bn: পুরুষতন্ত্র ও রোকেয়ার নারীবাদ|trans-chapter=Patriarchy and Rokeya's Feminism|author-link=Humayun Azad}}</ref> Her major works include ''Matichur'' (A String of ''Sweet Pearls'', 1904 and 1922), a two-volume collection of essays articulating her feminist ideas; ''[[Sultana's Dream]]'' (1908), a feminist science fiction novella set in Ladyland, a realm governed by women; ''Padmarag'' (''Essence of the Lotus'', 1924), portraying the struggles of Bengali wives;<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sarkar |first1=Siuli |title=Gender Disparity in India: Unheard Whimpers |date=2016 |publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-8120352513 |page=73 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwS7DAAAQBAJ&q=ornaments+are+badges+of+slavery&pg=PA74 |access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref> and ''Abarodhbasini'' (The ''Confined Women'', 1931), a bold critique of the extreme purdah system that imperiled women’s freedom and self-worth.<ref name=bpedia>{{cite book|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh|last=Akhter|first=Shahida|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]|year=2012|editor1-last=Islam|editor1-first=Sirajul|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam|edition=Second|chapter=Hossain, Roquiah Sakhawat|editor2-last=Jamal|editor2-first=Ahmed A.|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Hossain,_Roquiah_Sakhawat|access-date=28 November 2015|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806182308/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Hossain%2C_Roquiah_Sakhawat|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.londoni.co/index.php/who-s-who?id=61|title=Roquia Sakhawat Hussain (Begum Rokeya)|work=Londoni|access-date=16 August 2014|archive-date=26 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126221644/http://www.londoni.co/index.php/who-s-who?id=61|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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Rokeya held education to be the central precondition of women's liberation, establishing the first school aimed primarily at Muslim girls in Kolkata. She is said to have gone from house to house persuading the parents to send their girls to her school in Nisha. Until her death, she ran the school despite facing hostile criticism and social obstacles.<ref name=bpedia/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/printversion/details/178078|title=The enduring legacy of Begum Rokeya|work=The Independent|date=9 December 2016|access-date=21 April 2019|archive-date=21 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421230224/http://www.theindependentbd.com/printversion/details/178078|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In 1916, she founded the Muslim Women's Association, an organization that fought for women's education and employment.<ref name=bpedia/><ref name="Sewall">{{cite web|title=Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain|url=http://www.sewallbelmont.org/womenwecelebrate/begum-rokeya-sakhawat-hossain/|website=Sewall-Belmont House Museum|publisher=Sewall-Belmont House & Museum|access-date=25 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624055605/http://www.sewallbelmont.org/womenwecelebrate/begum-rokeya-sakhawat-hossain/|archive-date=24 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1926, Rokeya presided over the Bengal Women's Education Conference convened in [[Kolkata]], the first significant attempt to bring women together in support of women's education rights.<ref name="Sewall"/> She was engaged in debates and conferences regarding the advancement of women until her death on 9 December 1932, shortly after presiding over a session during the [[Indian Women's Conference]].<ref name="Sewall"/><br />
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[[Bangladesh]] observes [[Rokeya Day]] on 9 December every year to commemorate her works and legacy.<ref name="star2">{{cite news |title=Begum Rokeya Day today |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/begum-rokeya-day-today-1745 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=25 June 2016 |archive-date=12 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312121350/http://www.thedailystar.net/begum-rokeya-day-today-1745 |url-status=live }}</ref> On that day, Bangladesh government also confers [[Begum Rokeya Padak]] on individual women for their exceptional achievement.<ref name="Tribune1"/> In 2004, Rokeya was ranked number 6 in BBC's poll of the [[Greatest Bengali of all time]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/04/16/d4041601066.htm|title=BBC Listeners' Poll|date=16 April 2004|work=The Daily Star|access-date=21 April 2019|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011711/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/04/16/d4041601066.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/04/17/stories/2004041703001700.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011708/https://www.thehindu.com/2004/04/17/stories/2004041703001700.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 December 2018|title=Mujib, Tagore, Bose among 'greatest Bengalis of all time'|date=17 April 2004|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=21 April 2019}}</ref><br />
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== Background and family ==<br />
[[File:বেগম রোকেয়ার বাড়ি (20).jpg|right|thumb|The remains of Rokeya's childhood house in Pairaband, [[Rangpur District|Rangpur]], pictured in 2012.]]<br />
Rokeya was born in 1880 during the [[British Raj]], to an aristocratic mixed Persian-[[Bengali Muslim]] family in the village of Pairaband, [[Rangpur District|Rangpur]], [[Bengal Presidency]], (erstwhile undivided [[Bengal]]).<ref name=bpedia/> Her ancestors had migrated from [[Tabriz]] in [[Persia|Iran]] to create fortune in [[Indian subcontinent|India]] and had established a ''[[Zamindars of Bengal|zamindari]]'' in [[Rangpur District|Rangpur]], they had served in the military and judiciary during the [[Bengal Subah|Mughal regime]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sengupta |first=Kaiser |date=5 March 2022 |title='Bengali Muslim' As An Oxymoron: Crisis And Conflict Of Identities {{!}} Bengal Renaissance |url=https://bengalrenaissance.org/20220305/bengali-muslim-as-an-oxymoron-crisis-and-conflict-of-identities/ |access-date=11 July 2023 |language=en-US |archive-date=11 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711094557/https://bengalrenaissance.org/20220305/bengali-muslim-as-an-oxymoron-crisis-and-conflict-of-identities/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=bpedia/> Her father, Zahiruddin Muhammad Abu Ali Haidar Saber, was a ''[[zamindar]]'' and a multi-lingual intellectual.<ref name=bpedia/> He married four times; his marriage to Rahatunnessa Sabera Chaudhurani resulted in the birth of Rokeya, who had two sisters and three brothers, one of whom died in childhood. Rokeya's eldest brother Ibrahim Saber, and second brother Khalilur Rahman , her immediate elder sister [[Karimunnesa Khanam Chaudhurani]],and Humaira Khatun (youngest sister). Saber and Karimunnesa both had a major influence on her life. Karimunnesa wanted to study [[Bengali language|Bengali]], the language of the majority in [[Bengali people]], against her family's wish who preferred to use [[Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] as the media of education and communication. Ibrahim taught English and Bengali to Rokeya and Karimunnesa.<ref>{{cite book |title=Women's Changing Position in Bangladesh: Tribute to Begum Rokeya |pages= 10–16 |author=Anwar S. Dil, Afia Dil |year= 2014 |publisher= Intercultural Forum |isbn=978-9842003738}}</ref> Karimunnesa married at the age of fourteen and later became a poetess. Both of her sons, [[Abdul Karim Ghaznavi]] and [[Abdul Halim Ghaznavi]], became politicians and occupied ministerial portfolios under British authorities.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}<br />
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==Marriage==<br />
[[File:BegumRokeyaWithHusband.jpg|thumb|Rokeya with her husband, Sakhawat Hossain (1898)]]<br />
Rokeya married at the age of 16, in 1898 to 38-year-old Khan Bahadur Sakhawat Hossain. He was an [[Urdu]]-speaking deputy magistrate of [[Bhagalpur District|Bhagalpur]] (a present-day district of [[Bihar]] state). He earned his [[Bachelor of Science in Agriculture|bachelor of agriculture]] degree from England and was a member of [[Royal Agricultural Society of England]]. He married Rokeya after the death of his first wife. As a liberal, he encouraged Rokeya to continue learning Bengali and English. He also encouraged her to write, and on his advice, she adopted Bengali as the principal language for her literary works.{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}<br />
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Rokeya wrote ''[[Sultana's Dream]]'' (1908) before her husband died in 1909. In ''Sultana's Dream'', Rokeya wrote reversing the roles of men and women in which women were the dominant sex and the men were subordinate and confined to the mardana (the male equivalent of the zenana). She also depicts an alternative, feminist vision of science, in which inventions such as [[solar ovens]], [[flying cars]], and [[Air well (condenser)|cloud condensers]] are used to benefit the whole of society.<ref name="Lewton">{{cite web |last1=Lewton |first1=Thomas |title=Feminist Visions of Science and Utopia in Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain's 'Sultana's Dream' |url=https://www.ladyscience.com/features/feminist-visions-science-fiction-utopia-rokeya-hossain |website=Lady Science |date=2019 |access-date=23 August 2019 |archive-date=1 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301221911/https://www.ladyscience.com/features/feminist-visions-science-fiction-utopia-rokeya-hossain |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Sultana">{{cite book |last1=Hossain |first1=Rokeya Sakhawat |title=Sultana's Dream |date=1905 |publisher=The Indian Ladies' Magazine |location=Madras |url=http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/sultana/dream/dream.html |access-date=23 August 2019 |archive-date=16 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416132042/http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/sultana/dream/dream.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
It is regarded as a notable and influential satire. She wrote regularly for the ''[[Saogat]]'', ''Mahammadi'', ''Nabaprabha'', ''Mahila'', ''Bharatmahila'', ''Al-Islam'', ''Nawroz'', ''[[Mahe Nao]]'', ''[[Bangiya Mussalman Sahitya Samiti#Publication|Bangiya Musalman Sahitya Patrika]]'', ''[[The Musalman|The Mussalman]]'', ''Indian Ladies Magazine'' and others.<ref name=bpedia/><br />
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Five months after Rokeya's husband's death, she established a high school, naming it [[Sakhawat Memorial Girls' High School]].<ref name=bio>{{cite web|title=Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain|author=Barnita Bagchi|date=1 October 2003|url=http://www.countercurrents.org/gender-bagchi011003.htm|access-date=16 May 2010|archive-date=22 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022044449/https://www.countercurrents.org/gender-bagchi011003.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> It started in Bhagalpur, a traditionally Urdu-speaking area, with five students. A dispute with her husband's family over property forced her to move the school in 1911 to [[Calcutta]], a Bengali-speaking area.<ref name=bio/> She ran the school for 24 years.<ref name=bpedia/><br />
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Rokeya founded the Anjuman-e-Khawateen-e-Islam (Islamic Women's Association), which was active in holding debates and conferences regarding the status of women and education. She advocated reform, particularly for women, and believed that parochialism and excessive conservatism were principally responsible for the relatively slow development of Muslims in [[British India]]. Anjuman-e-Khawateen-e-Islam organised events for social reforms based on the original teachings of Islam that, according to her, were lost. {{citation needed|date=September 2020}}<br />
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=== Literary style ===<br />
Rokeya wrote in a number of genres: short stories, poems, essays, novels and satirical writings. She developed a distinctive literary style, characterised by creativity, logic and a wry sense of humour. She started writing in the ''[[Nabanoor]]'' from about 1903, under the name of Mrs R S Hossain. However, there is an opinion that her first published writing ''Pipasa'' appeared in the ''Nabaprabha'' in 1902. Her writings called upon women to protest against injustices and break the social barriers that discriminated against them.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/tribute/rokeyas-wake-call-women-1327171|title=Rokeya's wake-up call to women|date=9 December 2016|access-date=31 July 2017|archive-date=1 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201192442/https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/tribute/rokeyas-wake-call-women-1327171|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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== Novels written by Begum Rokeya ==<br />
{{Quote box |align=right| quote=Whenever any woman tries to raise her head, weapons in the form of religions or holy scriptures strike her head. … Men propagate those scriptures as God's commandments to subdue us in darkness. … Those scriptures are nothing but systems constructed by men. The words we listen from male saints would be different if they were spoken by female saints. … Religions only tighten the yoke of servitude around women and justify male domination over women. |fontsize=85%|width=20%|source=Rokeya in 1904<ref>{{cite book |last=Begum |first=Maleka |date=2010 |title=Banglar Nari Andolaner|script-title=bn:বাংলার নারী আন্দোলন |trans-title=Women's Movement in Bengal|language=bn |location=Dhaka |publisher=The University Press Limited |isbn=978-984-8815-70-0|page=71|author-link=Maleka Begum}}</ref>}}<br />
* ''Pipasha'' ("Thirst") (1902)<br />
* ''Matichur'' 1st Vol. (Essays) (1904)<br />
* ''Matichur'' 2nd Vol. (Essays) (1922)<br />
''The second volume includes stories and fairy tales'':<br />
* ''Saurajagat'' (The Solar System),<br />
** ''Delicia Hatya'' (translation of the Murder of Delicia – [[Marie Corelli]])<br />
** ''Jnan-phal'' (The Fruit of Knowledge)<br />
** ''Nari-Srishti'' (Creation of Women)<br />
** ''Nurse Nelly''<br />
** ''Mukti-phal'' (The Fruit of Emancipation)<br />
* ''[[Sultana's Dream]]'' (1905)<br />
* ''Padmarag'' ("Essence of the Lotus") (novel) (1924)<br />
* ''Abarodhbasini'' ("The Secluded Women") (1931)<br />
* ''Boligarto'' (short story)<br />
* ''Narir Adhikar'' ("The Rights of Women"), an unfinished essay for the Islamic Women's Association<br />
* ''God Gives, Man Robs'' (1927)<br />
* ''Education Ideals for the Modern Indian Girl'' (1931)<br />
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== Death and legacy ==<br />
[[File:Tomb of Begum Rokea 04.jpg|left|thumb|Tomb of Rokeya in the campus of Panihati Girls' High School, [[Sodepur]].]]<br />
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Rokeya died of [[cardiovascular disease|heart problems]] on 9 December 1932, on her 52nd birthday.<br />
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9 December is celebrated as the Rokeya Day in Bangladesh. On 9 December 2017, [[Google]] celebrated her 137th birthday, honoring her with a [[Google Doodle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://doodles.google/doodle/begum-rokeyas-137th-birthday/|title=Begum Rokeya's 137th Birthday|website=Google|date=9 December 2017|access-date=13 September 2019|archive-date=1 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301224914/https://www.google.com/doodles/begum-rokeyas-137th-birthday|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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Rokeya's grave in [[Sodepur]] was rediscovered due to the efforts of the historian [[Amalendu De]]. It is located inside the campus of Panihati Girls' High School, Panihati, Sodepur.<ref name="Barta">{{cite news |title=Remembering Historian Amalendu De |first=Pranotosh |last=Banerjee |work=Janoswartho Barta |others=Chatterjee, Garga (trans.) |url=http://alalodulal.org/2014/05/27/amalendu-de/ |date=27 May 2014 |access-date=13 January 2016 |archive-date=4 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904014351/http://alalodulal.org/2014/05/27/amalendu-de/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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[[File:Roquia Sakhawat Hussain.jpg|right|thumb|Statue of Rokeya on the premises of Rokeya Hall, [[University of Dhaka]]]]<br />
Rokeya is considered as the pioneer feminist of Bengal.<ref name="Tribune1">{{cite news |title=Begum Rokeya Day on 9 December |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2014/dec/08/begum-rokeya-day-tomorrow |newspaper=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=25 June 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107045445/http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2014/dec/08/begum-rokeya-day-tomorrow |archive-date=7 January 2016 }}</ref><ref name="star1">{{cite news |title=Rokeya's unrealised Dream |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/rokeyas-unrealised-dream-185908 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=25 June 2016 |archive-date=5 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405131959/https://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/rokeyas-unrealised-dream-185908 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Rubaiyat">{{cite news |last1=Rubaiyat |first1=Hossain |title=Begum Rokeya : The Pioneer Feminist of Bangladesh |url=https://rubaiyat-hossain.com/2011/05/26/begum-rokeya-the-pioneer-feminist-of-bangladesh/ |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=25 June 2016 |archive-date=30 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730081311/https://rubaiyat-hossain.com/2011/05/26/begum-rokeya-the-pioneer-feminist-of-bangladesh/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Universities, public buildings and a ''National Award'' has been named after her in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/star-weekend/remembering-begum-rokeya-1334368|title=Remembering Begum Rokeya|work=The Daily Star|author=Arif Billah|date=23 December 2016|access-date=31 July 2017|archive-date=1 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301223629/https://www.thedailystar.net/star-weekend/remembering-begum-rokeya-1334368|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Begum Rokeya University begins academic activities |url=http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/2009/04/05/63082.html |newspaper=The Financial Express |location=Dhaka |access-date=15 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001123808/http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/2009/04/05/63082.html |archive-date=1 October 2011 }}</ref> She was an inspiration for many later generation female authors including [[Sufia Kamal]], [[Tahmima Anam]], and others.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/news/166678/Poet-Sufia-Kamal%E2%80%99s-18th-death-anniversary-Monday|title=Poet Sufia Kamal's 18th death anniversary Monday|work=Prothom Alo|language=en|access-date=21 April 2019|date=20 November 2017|archive-date=21 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421230225/https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/news/166678/Poet-Sufia-Kamal%25E2%2580%2599s-18th-death-anniversary-Monday|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/may/28/rokeya-sakhawat-hossain-hero-tahmima-anam |title= My hero Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain |author= Tahmima Anam |author-link= Tahmima Anam |date= 28 May 2011 |access-date= 31 July 2017 |work= [[The Guardian]] |archive-date= 29 January 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230129135451/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/may/28/rokeya-sakhawat-hossain-hero-tahmima-anam |url-status= live }}</ref><br />
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===Eponyms===<br />
*[[Rokeya Day|Begum Rokeya Day]], a commemoration of the birth and death anniversary of Rokeya, observed annually on 9 December in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite news |title=Begum Rokeya Day today |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-165380 |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=9 December 2010}}</ref><br />
*[[Begum Rokeya Padak]], a [[Bangladesh]]i national honour conferred on individual women for their exceptional achievements.<br />
*Begum Rokeya Memorial Center, an academic and cultural hub in Pairaband, [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rangpurchamber.com/tourism/begum-rokeya-memorial-center-rangpur|title=Begum Rokeya Memorial Center, Rangpur|publisher=Rangpur Chamber Of Commerce & Industry|access-date=21 April 2019|archive-date=21 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421230225/http://www.rangpurchamber.com/tourism/begum-rokeya-memorial-center-rangpur|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
*Rokeya Shoroni, a [[road]] in [[Dhaka]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://shahidulnews.com/begum-rokeya-is-probably-turning-in-her-grave/| title=Begum Rokeya is probably turning in her grave..| last=Alam|first=Shahidul| date=10 December 2010|website=Shahidul News|language=en-US|access-date=21 April 2019 | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601124207/http://134.249.116.78/?key=OPY0CSAfqHF8nMm7P9eohpzp3MxkLULM |archive-date=1 June 2023}}</ref><br />
*[[Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur|Begum Rokeya University]], a [[Public university|public state university]] in [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-264012|title=Begum Rokeya University...|date=6 January 2013|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=21 April 2019|archive-date=22 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422041853/https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-264012|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
*Rokeya Hall, the largest [[female]] residential hall of the [[University of Dhaka]]. Even [[Khulna University of Engineering and Technology]], [[Bangladesh Agricultural University]], [[Rajshahi University]] also has a [[female]] residential hall named after Begum Rokeya.<br />
*[[Sakhawat Memorial Govt. Girls' High School]], kolkata, West Bengal.<br />
*Begum Rokeya Smriti Balika Vidalaya in Saltlake, [[West Bengal]].<br />
*''[[Alokbortika]]'' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: আলোকবর্তিকা, <small>[[Literal translation|lit.]] </small>'torch bearer') a commemorative statue of Begum Rokeya, in Rangpur City, unveiled in 2020.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-12-09|title=Rokeya’s sculpture of ‘Alokbortika’ unveiled in Rangpur|url=http://www.daily-sun.com/post/522716|access-date=2026-03-29|website=[[Daily Sun (Bangladesh)]]|language=en}}</ref> <br />
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== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* {{Internet Archive author}}<br />
* [http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/hossain_rokeya_sakhawat Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain] at the [[The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction|Encyclopedia of Science Fiction]]<br />
* {{cite journal |author=Hasan, Md. Mahmudul |year=2012 |title=Marginalisation of Muslim writers in South Asian literature: Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain's English works |journal=South Asia Research |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=179–197 |doi=10.1177/0262728012469303 |s2cid=7845825 |issn=0262-7280 |url=http://irep.iium.edu.my/28243/1/marginalisation_of_muslim_writers_in_south_asian_literature.pdf}}<br />
* Hasan, Md. Mahmudul (2024) Reading Rokeya through the lens of 1857-58 and July 2024. The Daily Star. p. 11. https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/views/news/reading-rokeya-through-the-lens-1857-58-and-july-2024-3775276<br />
* Hasan, Md. Mahmudul (2022) Feminism, motherhood and Rokeya. New Age, 9 December 2022. p. 9. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366185107_Feminism_motherhood_and_Rokeya<br />
* Hasan, Md. Mahmudul (2021) Rokeya stands tall. The Daily Star. p. 10. https://www.thedailystar.net/star-literature/news/rokeya-stands-tall-2925146<br />
* Hasan, Md. Mahmudul (2021) Rokeya's attitude towards men. New Age, 09 December 2021. p. 9. https://www.newagebd.net/article/156835/rokeyas-attitude-towards-men<br />
* Hasan, Md. Mahmudul (2018) Early defenders of women’s intellectual rights: Wollstonecraft’s and Rokeya’s strategies to promote female education. Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education, 54 (6). pp. 766-782. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00309230.2018.1515235?journalCode=cpdh20<br />
* Hasan, Md. Mahmudul (2016) Muslim Bengal writes back: a study of Rokeya’s encounter with and representation of Europe. Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 52 (6). pp. 739-751. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17449855.2016.1157514<br />
* Quayum, Mohammad Abdul and Hasan, Md. Mahmudul, eds. (2017) A feminist foremother: critical essays on Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain. Orient BlackSwan, Telangana, India. ISBN 978-93-86296-00-9<br />
* {{cite journal|title=Asiatic (see articles on Rokeya in 7.2 (December 2013) issue of the journal) |url=http://journals.iium.edu.my/asiatic|website=journals.iium.edu.my/asiatic}}<br />
* {{cite book|title=The Essential Rokeya: Selected Works of Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain|location=Leiden, Boston|publisher=Brill Publishing|year=2013|url=http://www.brill.com/essential-rokeya|isbn=9789004255876|access-date=25 October 2014|archive-date=8 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208180115/http://www.brill.com/essential-rokeya|url-status=dead}}<br />
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{{Bengal Renaissance}}<br />
{{Subject bar<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Rokeya, Begum}}<br />
[[Category:1880 births]]<br />
[[Category:1932 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:People from Mithapukur Upazila]]<br />
[[Category:Indian feminists]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century Indian writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali writers]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian feminist writers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women's rights activists]]<br />
[[Category:Proponents of Islamic feminism]]<br />
[[Category:Women science fiction and fantasy writers]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century Bengali people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]<br />
[[Category:Begum Rokeya]]<br />
[[Category:Indian people of Iranian descent]]<br />
[[Category:People from the Bengal Presidency]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali-language science fiction writers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian science fiction writers]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Ali_Khan_(actor)&diff=503615Ibrahim Ali Khan (actor)2026-04-28T20:16:43Z<p>Pureganics: made biography</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actor (born 2001)}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Ibrahim Ali Khan<br />
| image = Ibrahim Ali Khan snapped at the premiere of Nadaaniyan (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Khan promoting ''[[Nadaaniyan]]'' in 2025<br />
| birth_name = Ibrahim Ali Khan Pataudi<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2001|03|05|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br />
| alma_mater = [[New York Film Academy]] ([[Bachelor of Fine Arts|BFA]]) [[Blundell's School]]<br />
| occupation = Actor<br />
| years_active = 2023–present<br />
| height = 5'11" (181 cm)<br />
| father = [[Saif Ali Khan]]<br />
| mother = [[Amrita Singh]]<br />
| relatives = [[Pataudi family]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ibrahim Ali Khan Pataudi''' (born 5 March 2001) is an Indian actor who works in [[Hindi]] films. Born to actors [[Saif Ali Khan]] and [[Amrita Singh]], he had his first acting role as a child as the younger version of his father's character in ''[[Tashan (film)|Tashan]]'' (2008). As an adult, he had his first leading role in the poorly-received [[Netflix]] romantic comedy film ''[[Nadaaniyan]]'' (2025).<br />
<br />
== Early life and background ==<br />
Ibrahim Ali Khan was born on 5 March 2001 in [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=5 March 2025 |title=Ibrahim Ali Khan Birthday: Family Legacy, Relationship, Debut Film - All You Need To Know |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/ibrahim-ali-khan-birthday-family-legacy-relationship-debut-film-all-you-need-to-know-article-118718320 |access-date=8 March 2025 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> to [[Saif Ali Khan]] and [[Amrita Singh]]. Both his parents are actors in the [[Bollywood|Hindi film industry]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Basu |first=Nilanjana |title=Ibrahim Ali Khan Opens Up About Saif Ali Khan And Amrita Singh's Separation: "My Dad Is Much Happier With Kareena Kapoor" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ibrahim-ali-khan-opens-up-about-saif-ali-khan-and-amrita-singhs-separation-my-dad-is-much-happier-with-kareena-kapoor-8401040|access-date=20 August 2025|date=13 May 2025|publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> Khan is of [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]], [[Bengalis|Bengali]] and [[Assamese people|Assamese]] descent on his father's side and of [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] descent on his mother's side.<ref>{{cite news |author=Mangaokar, Shalvi |date=11 November 2013 |title=I am very proud of my Bengali heritage: Saif Ali Khan |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/i-am-very-proud-of-my-bengali-heritage-saif-ali-khan/story-mAWZhuq7LofadF2XAsaebJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913233823/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/i-am-very-proud-of-my-bengali-heritage-saif-ali-khan/story-mAWZhuq7LofadF2XAsaebJ.html |archive-date=13 September 2016 |access-date=20 August 2025 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Swarup, Shubhangi |date=29 January 2011 |title=The Kingdom of Khan |url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/art-culture/the-kingdom-of-khan |url-status=live |journal=OPEN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402073310/http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/art-culture/the-kingdom-of-khan |archive-date=2 April 2016 |access-date=20 August 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
Khan is the grandson of [[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi]], [[Sharmila Tagore]] and [[Rukhsana Sultana]]. He is also the great-grandson of [[Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi]] and [[Sajida Sultan]], the great-great-grandson of [[Jnanadabhiram Barua]] and [[Hamidullah Khan]], the great-great-great-grandson of [[Sultan Jahan, Begum of Bhopal|Sultan Jahan Begum]], [[Gaganendranath Tagore]] and [[Gunabhiram Barua]], and the nephew of [[Soha Ali Khan]] and [[Saba Ali Khan]].<ref>{{cite news |date=11 September 2018 |title=Amrita Singh turns 60: 10 lesser-known facts about the actress |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities-amrita-singh-birthday-special-10-lesser-known-facts-of-saif-ali-khan-s-former-wife-426878 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229171646/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities-amrita-singh-birthday-special-10-lesser-known-facts-of-saif-ali-khan-s-former-wife-426878 |archive-date=29 December 2018 |access-date=20 August 2025 |publisher=India TV}}</ref> He has an older sister, [[Sara Ali Khan|Sara]], who is also an actor,<ref name="catch">{{cite news |date=28 October 2018 |title=Saif Ali Khan reveals, not Sara it was Ibrahim who made debut in Bollywood first |url=http://www.catchnews.com/bollywood-news/saif-ali-khan-reveals-not-sara-it-was-ibrahim-who-made-debut-in-bollywood-first-87230.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117192728/http://www.catchnews.com/bollywood-news/saif-ali-khan-reveals-not-sara-it-was-ibrahim-who-made-debut-in-bollywood-first-87230.html |archive-date=17 November 2018 |access-date=20 August 2025|work=Catch News |publisher=[[Rajasthan Patrika]]}}</ref> and two half-brothers from his father's second marriage to [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena Kapoor Khan]].<ref>{{cite news |date=17 November 2018 |title=Watch: This is what Kareena Kapoor Khan's son Taimur Ali Khan says when he sees his elder sister Sara Ali Khan |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/article/watch-this-is-what-kareena-kapoor-khans-son-taimur-ali-khan-says-when-he-sees-his-elder-sister-sara-ali-khan/315553 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116215149/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/article/watch-this-is-what-kareena-kapoor-khans-son-taimur-ali-khan-says-when-he-sees-his-elder-sister-sara-ali-khan/315553 |archive-date=16 November 2018 |access-date=20 August 2025 |work=Times Now}}</ref><br />
<br />
Khan completed his schooling at [[Dhirubhai Ambani International School]] in Mumbai, and completed a filmmaking course at the [[New York Film Academy]].<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
Khan had developed a keen interest in acting from a young age after his first acting role at age seven as the younger version of his father's character in ''[[Tashan (film)|Tashan]]'' (2008).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 February 2025 |title=Ibrahim Ali Khan's real Bollywood debut is not Nadaaniyan – it happened 17 years ago! |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/ibrahim-ali-khans-real-bollywood-debut-is-not-nadaaniyan-it-happened-17-years-ago-for-saif-ali-khans-film-tashan-652276.html |access-date=10 March 2025 |website=Indiatimes |language=en-IN}}</ref> His father recalls him being upset following the film's commercial and critical failure.<ref name=":1" /> Later in 2023, Khan worked as an assistant director for [[Karan Johar]] on his film ''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]]'' (2023), which featured Sara in a special appearance.<ref name="asst">{{Cite web |title=Pic of Ibrahim Ali Khan on sets of Rocky aur Rani ki Prem Kahani, courtesy Saba Pataudi |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/ibrahim-ali-khan-on-sets-of-rocky-aur-rani-ki-prem-kahani-courtesy-saba-pataudi-418137/ |access-date=8 March 2025 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
In 2025, Khan had his first leading role opposite [[Khushi Kapoor]] in Johar's company [[Dharmatic Entertainment]]'s romantic comedy film ''[[Nadaaniyan]]'', for [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2024 |title=Khushi Kapoor, Ibrahim Ali Khan's rom-com Dharma film titled 'Naadaniyaan': Report |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/khushi-kapoor-ibrahim-ali-khans-rom-com-dharma-film-titled-naadaniyaan-report-13731512.html |access-date=7 April 2024 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us |archive-date=7 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407014834/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/khushi-kapoor-ibrahim-ali-khans-rom-com-dharma-film-titled-naadaniyaan-report-13731512.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He played Arjun Mehta, a scholarship student who is paid by his wealthy classmate (Kapoor) to pose as her boyfriend.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Lachmi Deb |date=7 March 2025 |title=Netflix's Nadaaniyan Movie Review: Ibrahim Ali Khan tries hard to salvage a boring, bland, frivolous love story; Khushi Kapoor fails to impress |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/netflixs-nadaaniyan-movie-review-ibrahim-ali-khan-tries-hard-to-salvage-a-boring-bland-frivolous-love-story-khushi-kapoor-fails-to-impress-13869481.html/amp |access-date=7 March 2025 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> The film was panned by critics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2025 |title='A Miserable Watch' Ibrahim Ali Khan-Khushi Kapoor's 'Nadaaniyan' Gets Abysmal Reactions |url=https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/bollywood/176108-nadaaniyan-gets-negative-reviews-khushi-kapoor-ibrahim-ali-khan.html |access-date=7 March 2025 |website=MensXP |language=en-IN}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'''s Anuj Kumar bemoaned that Khan "has yet to befriend the camera and seems to be reading his lines instead of rendering them", but thought that he showed potential.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=7 March 2025 |title=Nadaaniyan movie review: Ibrahim Ali Khan's debut film doesn't pass the test |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nadaaniyan-movie-review-ibrahim-ali-khan-khushi-kapoor-netflix/article69301917.ece |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Rishabh Suri of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' was more critical of Khan's performance, deeming it a one-dimensional "poor debut".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suri |first=Rishabh |date=7 March 2025 |title=Nadaaniyan review: Ibrahim Ali Khan, Khushi Kapoor's bland film is a warning sign, Bollywood romance is heading south |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/nadaaniyan-review-ibrahim-ali-khan-khushi-kapoor-s-bland-film-is-a-warning-sign-bollywood-romance-is-heading-south-101741331873031.html |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Khan next appeared alongside [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] and [[Kajol]] in the Johar-produced thriller ''[[Sarzameen]]'', that released on [[JioHotstar]]. He played Harman Menon, an army officer's estranged son who has joined a militant group.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nadkarni |first=Aashna |date=23 July 2025 |title=Prithviraj Sukumaran Defends Sarzameen Co-Star Ibrahim Ali Khan Getting Trolled: 'If SRK Sir Can Be Criticised…' |url=https://in.mashable.com/entertainment/97476/prithviraj-sukumaran-defends-sarzameen-co-star-ibrahim-ali-khan-getting-trolled-if-srk-sir-can-be-cr |access-date=23 July 2025 |website=Mashable India |language=en-in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2025 |title=Sarzameen teaser: It's soldier Prithviraj vs terrorist Ibrahim Ali Khan in Dharma thriller with Kajol. Watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/watch-sarzameen-teaser-prithviraj-sukumaran-ibrahim-ali-khan-kajol-10097187/ |access-date=23 July 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Khan shot for the film before his debut in ''Nadaaniyan''.<ref name="sarz">{{Cite news |date=14 February 2025 |title=The mysterious case of Ibrahim Ali Khan' Sarzameen |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/the-mysterious-case-of-ibrahim-ali-khans-sarzameen/articleshow/118237820.cms |access-date=8 March 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/prithviraj-sukumaran-on-ibrahim-ali-khan-a-remarkable-resemblance-and-limitless-potential/articleshow/122990572.cms</ref> His performance in the film was, once again, subject to criticism from critics.<ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ibrahim-ali-khan-has-to-allow-public-to-criticise-him-says-sarzameen-director-kayoze-irani-nepotism-101754126809275.html</ref> Nandini Ramnath of [[Scroll.in]] found him to be "unequipped to portray Harman's seething rage or emotional conflict".<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 July 2025 |title=Sarzameen review: A dodgy premise with a ridiculous twist |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1084790/sarzameen-review-a-dodgy-premise-with-a-ridiculous-twist |access-date=25 July 2025 |work=Scroll.in}}</ref> Shreyanka Mazumdar of ''[[News18]]'' thought that Khan had improved upon his debut, particularly in action scenes, but concurred that he struggled with emotional depth.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 July 2025 |title=Sarzameen Review: Kajol shines in Prithviraj Sukumaran, Ibrahim Ali Khan's chaotic take on patriotism |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/sarzameen-review-kajol-shines-in-prithviraj-sukumaran-ibrahim-ali-khans-chaotic-take-on-patriotism-9459405.html |access-date=25 July 2025 |work=News18}}</ref> Khan will next star in the sports drama ''Diler'', directed and produced by [[Kunal Deshmukh]] and [[Dinesh Vijan]], respectively.<ref name="diler">{{Cite web |last=Arya|first=Bhawna|date=2 October 2024 |title=Diler: Ibrahim Ali Khan To Resume Shoot For Sports Drama In London|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/diler-ibrahim-ali-khan-to-resume-shoot-for-sports-drama-in-london-report-article-113878719 |access-date=11 March 2025 |website=Times Now}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
=== Films ===<br />
{{Pending films key}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
! class="unsortable" | Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| ''[[Tashan (film)|Tashan]]''<br />
| Young Jeetendra "Jimmy"<br />
| Child artist<br />
|<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2023<br />
| ''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]]''<br />
| {{N/A}}<br />
| Assistant director<br />
|<ref name="asst"/><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2025<br />
| ''[[Nadaaniyan]]''<br />
| Arjun Mehta<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/netflix-2025-india-content-slate-films-series-1236125713/ |title=Netflix Unveils 2025 India Content Slate: New Films and Series Announced |author=Brzeski, Patrick |date=3 February 2025 |access-date=4 February 2025 |work=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sarzameen]]''<br />
| Harman Menon<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/sarzameen-teaser-prithviraj-sukumaran-ibrahim-ali-khan-fight-terrorism-in-kashmir-2748269-2025-06-30|title=Sarzameen teaser: Ibrahim plays terrorist, Prithviraj a soldier in high-stakes drama|work=India Today |date=30 June 2025 |access-date=30 June 2025}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2026<br />
| {{Pending film|italic=no|''Diler''}}<br />
| {{TableTBA}}<br />
| Filming<br />
|<ref name="diler"/> <br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
! class="unsortable" | Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2025<br />
| ''[[The Ba***ds of Bollywood]]''<br />
| Himself <br />
| Cameo appearance <br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--staff byline; no author given--> |date=11 May 2025 |title=Has Shah Rukh Khan's son Aryan Khan cast Ibrahim & Sara? |url=https://www.masala.com/bollywood-news/has-shah-rukh-khan-son-cast-ibrahim-sara |access-date=21 August 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|2927478}}<br />
* {{Instagram|iak}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Ibrahim Ali}}<br />
[[Category:2001 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian people of Afghan descent]]<br />
[[Category:Indian people of Pashtun descent]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali people]]<br />
[[Category:Assamese people]]<br />
[[Category:Punjabi people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actors]]<br />
[[Category:Actors in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:New York Film Academy alumni]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Tagore family]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Munim_Khan_II&diff=519090Munim Khan II2026-04-24T08:46:53Z<p>Pureganics: Stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Grand Vizier of the Mughal Empire from 1707 to 1711}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Munim Khan II<br />
| office = [[List of Mughal grand viziers|Grand Vizier of the Mughal Empire]]<br />
| term_start = 1707<br />
| term_end = February 1711<br />
| predecessor = [[Asad Khan (Mughal noble)|Asad Khan]]<br />
| successor = [[Hidayatullah Khan]]<br />
| birth_date = 17th century<br />
| birth_place = [[Bhimber]], [[Mughal Empire]]<br/>{{small|(present-day [[Bhimber]])}}<br />
| death_date = February 1711<br />
| death_place = Near [[Delhi]], [[Mughal Empire]]<br />
| leader = [[Bahadur Shah I]]<br />
| military_blank1 = Allegiance<br />
| military_data1 = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]][[Mughal Empire]]<br />
| service_years = Before 1700–1711<br />
| rank = [[Grand Vizier]]<br />
| military_blank2 = Battles/wars<br />
| military_data2 =<br />
| children = * Khanazad Khan <br />
* Mahabat Khan, [[Bakhshi|Third Bakhshi]] of [[Mughal Empire]]<br />
| relations = Sultan Beg Barlas (father)<br />
| battles = {{tree list}}<br />
* [[Mughal war of succession (1707-1709)]]<br />
* [[Rajput Rebellion (1708-1710)]]<br />
* [[First Battle of Lohgarh]]<br />
{{tree list/end}} <br />
}}<br />
'''Munim Khan II''' was the [[Grand Vizier]] of the [[Mughal Empire]] from 1707 to 1711, during the reign of [[Mughal emperor]] [[Bahadur Shah I]].<br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
Munim Khan was the son of Sultan Beg Barlas, who was the [[kotwal]] of [[Agra]] and held a subordinate post in [[Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC&dq=munim+subordinate&pg=PA125 |title= Later Mughal |page= 125 |author= William Irvine |date= 1971 |publisher= Atlantic Publishers & Distri }}</ref> Muhammad Munim and his father returned to Kashmir, but after his father's death Muhamamd Munim went to the Deccan in search of service.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RhJuAAAAMAAJ&q=sultan+beg+kashmir+state+business |title= Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography: Muh-R |page=141 |date=2001 |author= Nagendra Kr Singh|publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |isbn= 9788176482349 }}</ref> In [[Aurangzeb]]'s reign Munim Khan was made [[faujdar]] of [[Jammu]] and also the governor of [[Punjab]] as an agent of the prince Muhammad Muazzam (later Bahadur Shah I),<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FYRHAAAAMAAJ&q=munim+khan+jammu |title=Situating Medieval Indian State |page= 61 |date= 1995 |publisher=Commonwealth Publishers |author=Rattan Lal Hangloo |isbn=9788171693221 }}</ref> whose mother was the daughter of a [[Jarral]] chieftain in [[Rajauri]], Kashmir.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=US5gEAAAQBAJ&dq=bahadur+shah+jarral&pg=PA171 |title= History of Indian Nation : Medieval India |page=172 |date=2022 |publisher=K. K. Publications }}</ref> Munim Khan was born in the small town of [[Bhimber]], and was not considered to belong to either of the Irani or Turani parties.<ref name=Crisis>{{cite book |title=The Crisis of Empire in Mughal North India |author= Muzaffar Alam |year= 1986 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12757/page/n41/mode/2up?q=kashmir |page= 21 |publisher= Oxford University Press, Bombay }}</ref> Muzaffar Alam connects him with a section of new nobles, especially of Indian Shaikhzada origin, who had been raised by Bahadur Shah I in order to counter the influence of the family of the former Wazir, [[Asad Khan (Mughal noble)|Asad Khan]], a noble of [[Persians|Persian]] origin. However, Munim Khan was most likely a [[Muslim Rajput]].<ref name=Crisis /><br />
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== Career ==<br />
{{Main|Mughal war of succession (1707-1709)}}<br />
During the War of Succession, Munim Khan secured for Muhammad Muazzam the path between [[Lahore]] and [[Old Delhi|Delhi]]. He was later made governor of [[Lahore]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pA4dAAAAMAAJ&q=munim+lahore+delhi |title= History of the Mughal Rule in India, 1526-1761|author=Keshavlal H. Kamdar |year= 1933|page= 1993 |publisher= M. C. Kothari }}</ref> He was instrumental in his rise to the throne.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Crescent in India:A Study in Medieval History · Volume 2 |author=Shripad Rama Sharma |page= 2003 |publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan }}</ref> After Aurangzeb's death, Asad Khan had not followed the order of Aurangzeb of giving power to Muhammad Muazzam. However, Muazzam marched to Delhi and proclaimed himself king in 14 March 1707, with the title of Bahadur Shah I.<ref name="auto">{{cite book |title=Modern Indian History |page=4 |author=V D. MAHAJAN| date= 2020 }}</ref> The son of Munim Khan, Khanazad Khan, provided the munitions for war and Munim Khan secured the treasury of Delhi with Sayyid Amjad Khan and posted his own men at the gates.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC&dq=munim+khan+wazir&pg=PA127 |page= 21 |author= Irvine |date=1971 |title= Later Mughal |publisher= Atlantic Publishers & Distri }}</ref> Bahadur Shah defeated the rival contenders to the throne at the [[Battle of Jajau]], and bestowed new ranks and titles on his supporters, with Munim Khan appointed as his Grand Vizier.<ref name="auto"/> Bahadur Shah avowed that all his success was owing to his exertions and devotion, and raised him to the highest rank with the title of Khan-i-Khanan.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=X-s4egWmHKkC&q=Shah+Alam+(+who+assumed+the+title+of+Bahadur+Shah+)+embraced+Khan+-+i+-+Khanan+and+avowed+that+all+the+success+was+owing |title= Pakistan Quarterly:Volumes 1-9 |page=8 |date=1958 |publisher=Pakistan Publications }}</ref> He rose as the most powerful official in Bahadur Shah's court.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9q8EAAAAMAAJ&q=munim+khan+war+of+succession |title=Power and Criminality:A Survey of Famous Crimes in Indian History |page= 92 |author= S. Venugopala Rao |date=1977 |publisher= Allied Publishers |isbn=9780883869949 }}</ref> His son Mahabat Khan became the [[Bakhshi (Mughal Empire)|third Bakhshi]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NXsBAAAAMAAJ&q=bakhshi+umara+mahabat+khan |title=A Mughal Statesman of the Eighteenth Century, Khan-i-Dauran, Mir Bakshi of Muhammad Shah, 1719-1739 |date=1973 |author= Zahiruddin Malik |publisher= Centre of Advanced Study, Department of History, Aligarh Muslim University |isbn=9780210405444 }}</ref><br />
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=== Tenure as Grand Vizier ===<br />
The Rajputs had taken advantage of the death of Aurangzeb by attacking the imperial territories in Ajmer. There was a sharp difference of opinion between Bahadur Shah and Munim Khan on one hand, and Zulfiqar Khan on another, on how to deal with the Rajput rebellions. The latter wanted to conciliate the Rajas by not only readmitting their homelands, but restoring them to high administrative posts,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qmRuAAAAMAAJ&q=and+Asad+Khan+and+Zulfiqar+Khan+on+the+other+.+The+latter+wanted+to+conciliate+the+Rajput+rajas+by+not+only+returning |title=Medieval India: Mughal Empire, 1526-1748|page=460 |author= Satish Chandra |date= 1999|publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=9788124105221 }}</ref> while Munim Khan II was of the opinion that the homelands of the Rajputs should be distributed among the Mughal nobles as part of the Diwan-i-Khalisa (crown lands).<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=qDxuAAAAMAAJ&q=Munim+Khan+,+had+suggested+to+Bahadur+Shah+that+since+many+nobles+were+in+want+of+jagirs+,+the+country+and+homeland+of+the+Rajputs+should |title= Mughal Religious Policies, the Rajputs & the Deccan |page=109 |author= Satish Chandra |date=1993 |publisher= Vikas Publishing House |isbn= 9780706963854 }}</ref> Although the Mughals defeated the first Rajput rebellion, another uprising started during Bahadur Shah's campaigns in the Deccan.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MEvZaVmBQtgC&dq=bahadur+shah+rajputs&pg=PA361 |title=India: Art and Culture, 1300-1900 |page=361 |author= Stuart Cary Welch, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.) |date=1985 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |isbn=9780030061141 }}</ref> Munim Khan led an attack of the Sikhs, but failed to capture the Guru, for which he was reprimanded by Bahadur Shah I.<ref>{{cite book |title= Later Mughal |author= Irvine |date=1971 |page=116 }}</ref><br />
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=== Patronage ===<br />
Munim Khan was known for his patronage of the Indian Shaikhzadas. When Ruh-ul-Amin Khan of [[Bilgram]] reportedly entered state service with only 60 horsemen and foot soldiers, the Wazir Munim Khan created him a mansab of 6000 and made him his close associate.<ref name=Crisis /> The rise of Muhammad Murad Kashmiri(later Itiqad Khan), the favorite of the later emperor [[Farrukhsiyar]], originally began through his old friend Munim Khan, who obtained for him a high post and the title of Wakalat Khan.<ref>{{cite book |title=Later Mughal |page= 341 |author= William Irvine |date=1971 }}</ref><br />
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== Death ==<br />
He died in February 1711 following a brief illness. On his death, [[Hidayatullah Khan|Hidayatullah Khan Kashmiri]] succeeded him as the Wazir of the Mughal empire.<ref name=Crisis /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oEpuAAAAMAAJ&q=hidayatullah++wazir |title= Proceedings - Punjab History Conference: Volumes 29-30 |date= 1998 |publisher= Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University |isbn= 9788173804601 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Grand viziers of the Mughal Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Agra]]<br />
[[Category:Kashmir]]<br />
[[Category:18th-century Mughal Empire people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Bhimber District]]<br />
[[Category:1711 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:17th-century births]]<br />
{{improve categories|date=October 2022}}</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bilkis_Bano_case&diff=491703Bilkis Bano case2026-04-20T20:16:32Z<p>Pureganics: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|Criminal case in Gujarat, India}}<br />
{{Lead extra info|date=July 2024}}<br />
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During the [[2002 Gujarat riots]] in India, Bilkis Bano, a five month pregnant mother of five, fled her home in the village of Randhikpur with her family, including her husband and three year old daughter Saleha, in an attempt to escape the violence sweeping the region after the Godhra Incident. The group sought refuge in the Chhaparvad but were attacked by a mob of 20-30 men armed with sickles, swords, and stones who killed seven members of her family, including her young daughter.<ref name="Hindustan Times | Bilkis Bano case: Timeline of events">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bilkis-bano-case-timeline-of-events-from-2002-to-sc-verdict-101704694459166.html|title=Bilkis Bano case: Timeline of events from 2002 to SC verdict}}</ref> <br />
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Bano herself was subjected to sexual violence. Eleven men from the mob gang-raped her, along with her mother and three other women. However, she survived the attack and her case gained national and international attention, as an indictment of the systemic failures in addressing violence and crimes against women during heightened communal tensions and the struggle for justice and accountability in India thence.<br />
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== Criminal proceeding ==<br />
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After the police dismissed the case against her assailants, Bano approached the [[National Human Rights Commission of India]] and petitioned the Supreme Court seeking a reinvestigation. The Supreme Court granted the motion, directing the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) to take over the investigation. The CBI appointed a team of experts from the [[Central Forensic Science Laboratory]] (CFSL) Delhi and [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences]] (AIIMS) led by Professor [[Tirath Das Dogra|T. D. Dogra]] to exhume the mass graves to establish the identity and cause of death of the victims, successfully doing so.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-meticulous-seven-and-a-sevenday-hunt-for-proof/264049|title=The meticulous seven, and a seven-day hunt for proof-Amitabh Sinha|location= New Delhi |date=21 January 2008 |work=The Indian Express|access-date=10 February 2013}}</ref> <br />
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The trial of the case was transferred out of Gujarat on the fears of bias in the judiciary towards the perpetrators and into a court in Maharahstra in August 2004. The union government was directed to appoint a public prosecutor.<ref name="Deccan-Herald-Aug-9-04" >{{cite news | title = A hopeful Bilkis goes public |work=Deccan Herald |location=India |date=9 August 2004 | url = http://www.deccanherald.com/archives/aug092004/n14.asp|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080323094551/http://www.deccanherald.com/archives/aug092004/n14.asp|archive-date= 23 March 2008| access-date=4 February 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Telegraph-Aug-7-04">{{cite news | title = Second riot case shift | work = The Telegraph |date=7 August 2004 | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040807/asp/frontpage/story_3595362.asp| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040903144523/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040807/asp/frontpage/story_3595362.asp| url-status = dead| archive-date = 3 September 2004| access-date=4 February 2011 }}</ref> Charges were filed against nineteen people as well as six police officials and a government doctor over their role in the initial investigations in a court in Mumbai.<ref name="Hindu-Jan-14-05">{{cite news | title = Charges framed in Bilkis case |date=14 January 2005 | url = http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/14/stories/2005011403701300.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050130200053/http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/14/stories/2005011403701300.htm | archive-date = 30 January 2005 | location=Chennai, India| work = [[The Hindu]] | access-date=4 February 2011 }}</ref> <br />
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In January 2008, eleven men were sentenced to life imprisonment for rapes and murders and a policeman was convicted of falsifying evidence.<ref>{{cite news | title = Rape victim Bilkis Bano hails victory for Muslims as Hindu assailants are jailed for life | author = Jeremy Page |work=The Times |location=London | date = 23 January 2008 | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article3234530.ece | access-date=4 February 2011 }}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The [[Bombay High Court]] upheld the life imprisonment of the eleven men convicted for the gang rape of Bilkis Bano and the murder of her family members during the 2002 Gujarat riots on 8 May 2017. The court also set aside the acquittal of the remaining seven accused in the case, including [[Gujarat Police|Gujarat police]] officers and doctors of a government hospital, who were charged with suppressing and tampering with evidence.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/bilkis-bano-verdict-gujarat-2002-riots-bombay-hc-life-imprisonment-cbi-death-convicts-4640051/|title=Bilkis Bano gangrape case verdict: Bombay HC convicts 5 Gujarat cops, 2 doctors, upholds life for 11|date=5 May 2017|work=The Indian Express|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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== Civil compensation ==<br />
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On 23 April 2019, the Supreme Court ordered the Government of Gujarat pay Bano ₹50 lakh as compensation, alongwith a job in the government and housing in the area of her choice.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sc-orders-gujarat-govt-to-pay-50-lakh-compensation-to-bilkis-bano/article26919852.ece |title=SC orders Gujarat govt to pay ₹50 lakh compensation to Bilkis Bano |newspaper=The Hindu |date=23 April 2019 |access-date=24 April 2019 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209053505/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sc-orders-gujarat-govt-to-pay-50-lakh-compensation-to-bilkis-bano/article26919852.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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== Remission ==<br />
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In March 2022, Radheshyam Bhagwandas Shah, one of the men convicted in the case approached the Supreme Court seeking a remission of his sentence. He claimed that the Gujarat State Government had an obligation to consider his early release as per the state’s 1992 remission policy. State governments may enact remission policies to allow individuals or certain classes of individuals to file applications for early release from prison.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Early Release of Bilkis Bano Gangrape Convicts |url=https://www.scobserver.in/cases/early-release-of-bilkis-bano-gangrape-convicts/ |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=Supreme Court Observer |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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On 15 August 2022, the eleven men sentenced to life imprisonment in the case were released from a Godhra jail by the Gujarat government.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://scroll.in/latest/1030549/bilkis-bano-gangrape-11-men-sentenced-to-life-imprisonment-released-from-jail|title=Bilkis Bano gangrape: 11 men sentenced to life imprisonment released from jail|date=16 August 2022|work=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref> The judge who sentenced the rapists said the early release by the Gujarat government set a bad precedent and warned that the move would have wide ramifications, saying that "This is wrong... Now, convicts in other gangrape cases would seek similar reliefs”.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bilkis Bano case: Gujarat has set bad precedent by releasing convicts, says judge who sentenced them |url=https://scroll.in/latest/1030820/bilkis-bano-case-on-court-to-decide-if-releasing-convicts-is-right-says-judge-who-sentenced-them |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=Scroll.in |date=19 August 2022}}</ref><br />
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The panel which granted remission included two legislators from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), which was the state government at that the time of the riots.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Langa |first1=Mahesh |title=Two BJP legislators on panel that backed remission in Bilkis Bano case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/two-bjp-legislators-on-panel-that-backed-remission-in-bilkis-bano-case/article65780663.ece |access-date=2022-08-30 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=2022-08-17}}</ref> A BJP MLA, one of the panelists, has said that some of the convicts are "''[[Brahmin|Brahmins]]''" with good '''sanskaar''<nowiki/>' or values.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2022-08-19 |title=Some convicts in Bilkis Bano case are 'Brahmins with good sanskaar', says Gujarat BJP MLA |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/some-convicts-in-bilkis-bano-case-are-brahmins-with-good-sanskaar-says-gujarat-bjp-mla/article65786447.ece |access-date=2024-01-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> After being released from the jail, they were welcomed with sweets and their feet touched in respect.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bilkis Bano case convicts greeted with sweets; Owaisi questions PM Modi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/owaisi-questions-pm-modi-as-bilkis-bano-case-convicts-greeted-with-sweets-101660650551483.html |access-date=2022-08-30 |work=Hindustan Times |date=2022-08-16}}</ref><br />
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Two days after the remission, Bilkis Bano issued a statement expressing her grief at the release of her rapists, saying "The release of these convicts has taken from me my peace and shaken my faith in justice."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-18 |title=Bilkis Bano: The pain of seeing my rapists go free |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-62574247 |access-date=2022-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pal |first1=Sumedha |title='I Fear For Our Future': Bilkis Bano's Husband on Release of 11 Convicts |url=https://thewire.in/rights/bilkis-bano-husband-convict-release |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=The Wire |date=16 August 2022}}</ref> Many Muslims from her village left their homes due to safety concerns.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dahiya |first1=Himanshi |title='Won't Go Back Till Convicts Out': Muslims Leave Bilkis Bano's Village Overnight |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/muslim-families-leave-randhikpur-bilkis-bano-case-gujarat-riots-2002 |access-date=2022-08-29 |work=The Quint |date=2022-08-25}}</ref><br />
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== Supreme Court decision on remission ==<br />
On 18 August 2022, around 6,000 signatories, including activists, eminent writers, historians, filmmakers, journalists and former bureaucrats, urged the Supreme Court to revoke the early release of the convicted individuals,<ref>{{cite news |title=Over 6,000 Signatories Urge SC to Revoke Early Release of Convicts in Bilkis Bano Case |url=https://thewire.in/rights/over-6000-signatories-demand-revoking-remission-of-convicts-in-bilkis-bano-case |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=The Wire |date=18 August 2022}}</ref> while parties in the opposition such as the INC criticized the BJP.<ref>{{cite news |title='Real Face' of New India: Opposition Slams Modi Over Release of Bilkis Bano Case Convicts |url=https://thewire.in/politics/opposition-slams-modi-bilkis-bano-case-release |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=The Wire |date=16 August 2022}}</ref> The convicts harassed the witnesses of the case when they were out on parole as recently as 2021, which added to the criticism of the remission.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pathak |first1=Maulik |title=Bilkis case convicts threatened witnesses in past, show records |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bilkis-case-convicts-threatened-witnesses-in-past-show-records-101660935225918.html |access-date=2022-08-30 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=2022-08-20}}</ref><br />
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A few days later, the Supreme Court agreed to look into plea challenging the release.<ref>{{cite news |author=Scroll Staff |title=Bilkis Bano case: Supreme Court says it will look into plea challenging release of 11 convicts |url=https://scroll.in/latest/1031093/bilkis-bano-case-remission-of-11-convicts-challenged-before-supreme-court |access-date=2022-08-23 |work=Scroll.in |date=2022-08-23}}</ref> A bench comprising Chief Justice of India [[N. V. Ramana]], [[Ajay Rastogi|Justice Ajay Rastogi]], and Justice [[Vikram Nath]] however posed a query with respect to the legal bar on grant of remission to the convicts.<ref>{{cite news |title= Chief Justice N V Ramana also asked the petitioners to implead those who have been granted remission as parties in the matter |url=https://bigmirror.in/sc-issues-notice-to-gujarat-govt-over-release-of-bilkis-bano-case-convicts |access-date=25 August 2022 |work=Big Mirror News|date=25 August 2022}}</ref><br />
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On 8 January 2024, [[Supreme Court of India]] has held that the Gujarat government was not competent to grant remission because the remission could only be granted by the government of the state where the trial was held, namely Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-08 |title=Bilkis Bano case: SC says Gujarat government not competent to remit sentences of 11 convicts |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bilkis-bano-case-sc-holds-gujarat-government-wasnt-competent-to-remit-sentence-101704691381488.html |access-date=2024-01-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The Court struck down the remission granted to the 11 men who had been sentenced to life imprisonment and ordered that the men surrender themselves to the authorities within 15 days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-14 |title=बिलकिस बानो केस 2002 :दोषियों को सज़ा, रिहाई और रिहाई निरस्त |url=https://www.cheggindia.com/hi/bilkis-bano-case/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=www.cheggindia.com |language=hi-IN}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bano, Bilkis case}}<br />
[[Category:Supreme Court of India cases]]<br />
[[Category:Indian criminal law]]<br />
[[Category:2002 Gujarat riots]]<br />
[[Category:Family murders]]<br />
[[Category:2002 murders in India]]<br />
[[Category:Gang rape in India]]<br />
[[Category:Rape in the 2000s]]<br />
[[Category:Sword attacks in India]]<br />
[[Category:Mass stabbings in India]]<br />
[[Category:Stabbing attacks in 2002]]<br />
[[Category:Stone pelting in India]]<br />
[[Category:Child murder in India]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuirial_Assembly_constituency&diff=542042Tuirial Assembly constituency2026-04-19T19:36:05Z<p>Pureganics: Added new page and citations</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Mizoram legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Tuirial<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Mizoram (Tuirial highlighted).png<br />
| state = [[Mizoram]]<br />
| district = [[Kolasib district|Kolasib]]<br />
| constituency_no = 4<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Mizoram Lok Sabha constituency|Mizoram]]<br />
| established = 2008<br />
| reservation = ST<br />
| mla = [[K. Laldawngliana]]<br />
| party = [[Mizo National Front]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
| electors = {{formatnum:15569}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Tuirial''' is one of the 40 [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Mizoram]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Assembly Elections December 2013 Results |work=ECI |publisher=Election Commission of India |url=http://eciresults.ap.nic.in |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215221429/http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ |archivedate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=elections.in>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/mizoram/assembly-constituencies|title=Mizoram Assembly Constituency List|publisher=www.elections.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
It is part of [[Kolasib district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan="2"|Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[2008 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2008]] <br />
| rowspan=2|Hmingdailova Khiangte<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2018]] <br />
| Andrew H. Thangliana<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Zoram People's Movement}}<br />
|-<br />
|2021^<br />
|[[K. Laldawngliana]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Mizo National Front}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
^by-election<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
===2023===<br />
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: Tuirial}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[K. Laldawngliana]]<br />
|party = Mizo National Front<br />
|votes = 6610<br />
|percentage = 41.69<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Laltlanmawia<br />
|party = Zoram People's Movement<br />
|votes = 6,597<br />
|percentage = 41.61<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Dr. Henry Zodinliana Pachuau<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 2,503<br />
|percentage = 15.79<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = F. Vanhmingthanga<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 73<br />
|percentage = 0.46<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|votes = 72<br />
|percentage = 0.45<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority <br />
|votes = 13<br />
|percentage = 0.08<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = Mizo National Front<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2021 by-election ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title= 2021 Tuirial by-election<ref>{{cite web|title=BYE ELECTION TO VIDHAN SABHA TRENDS & RESULT NOVEMBER-2021 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/ConstituencywiseS164.htm?ac=4 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=4 November 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[K. Laldawngliana]]<br />
|party = Mizo National Front<br />
|votes = 5820<br />
|percentage = 39.89<br />
|change = {{increase}}10.53<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Laltlanmawia|party=Zoram People's Movement|votes=4536|percentage=31.09|change={{increase}}0.29}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Chalrosanga Ralte|party=Indian National Congress|votes=3927|percentage=26.92|change={{increase}}0.61}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=K. Laldinthara|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=246|percentage=1.69|change={{decrease}}1.73}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=61|percentage=0.42|change={{decrease}}0.01}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=1284|percentage=8.80|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=14,590|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Mizo National Front<br />
|loser = Zoram People's Movement<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2018===<br />
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: Tuirial<ref>{{cite web|title=Mizoram Legislative Election 2018- Statistical Report|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9687-mizoram-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Andrew H. Thangliana]]<br />
|party = Zoram People's Movement<br />
|votes = 4387<br />
|percentage = 30.80<br />
|change = {{decrease}}29.71<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Sailothanga Sailo<br />
|party = Mizo National Front<br />
|votes = 4183<br />
|percentage = 29.36<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Joseph L. Ralte<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 3748<br />
|percentage = 26.31<br />
|change = {{decrease}}12.81<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Hmingdailova Khiangte]]<br />
|party = National People's Party (India)<br />
|votes = 1209<br />
|percentage = 8.49<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Jacob T. Vanlawma<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 487<br />
|percentage = 3.42<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate|<br />
|candidate = B. Vanlalhruaia<br />
|party = PRISM<br />
|votes = 104<br />
|percentage = 0.73<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = V. Lalennawma<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|votes = 66<br />
|percentage = 0.46<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|votes = 63<br />
|percentage = 0.43<br />
|change = {{decrease}}0.36<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 204<br />
|percentage = 1.44<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 14,245<br />
|percentage = 83.78<br />
|change = {{increase}}0.54<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Zoram People's Movement<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2013===<br />
{{Election box begin | title= [[2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: Tuirial<ref name=Miz2013>{{cite web |url= http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm |title= Assembly Elections December 2013 Results |publisher= Election Commission of India |access-date= 8 October 2021 |archive-date= 15 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131215065208/http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm |url-status= dead }}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Hmingdailova Khiangte]]<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 5119<br />
|percentage = 39.12<br />
|change = {{decrease}}0.46<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Joseph L. Ralte<br />
|party = Zoram Nationalist Party<br />
|votes = 4880<br />
|percentage = 37.30<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Kenneth Chawngliana<br />
|party = Mizoram People's Conference<br />
|votes = 2982<br />
|percentage = 22.79<br />
|change = {{decrease}}8.22<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|votes = 103<br />
|percentage = 0.79<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 239<br />
|percentage = 1.84<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 13084<br />
|percentage = 83.24<br />
|change = {{increase}}1.15<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2008===<br />
{{Election box begin | title= [[2008 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: Tuirial<ref name="eci">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3666-mizoram-2008/ |title=Mizoram 2008 - Mizoram - Election Commission of India |date= |author= |accessdate= 8 October 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Hmingdailova Khiangte]]<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 4717<br />
|percentage = 39.58<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Sailothanga Sailo<br />
|party = Mizoram People's Conference<br />
|votes = 3695<br />
|percentage = 31.01<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Lalliankima<br />
|party = Mizo National Front<br />
|votes = 3204<br />
|percentage = 26.89<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Lalhluna<br />
|party = Independent politician<br />
|votes = 188<br />
|percentage = 1.58<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Moses Malsawmtluanga<br />
|party = Independent politician<br />
|votes = 78<br />
|percentage = 0.65<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Zoramsangzela<br />
|party = Lok Janshakti Party<br />
|votes = 35<br />
|percentage = 0.29<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 1022<br />
|percentage = 8.58<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 11917<br />
|percentage = 81.9<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box new seat win|<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Mizoram}}<br />
<br />
{{coord |24.124|92.690|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kolasib district]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Mizoram]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Mizoram]]<br />
[[Category:2008 establishments in Mizoram]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramke_W._Momin&diff=529328Ramke W. Momin2026-04-19T16:22:00Z<p>Pureganics: Created initial info nd citations - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian Christian religious leader (1830s-1891)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Indian patronymic|Ramke|Momin}}<br />
<br />
'''Ramke W. Momin''' (1830s{{cn|date=February 2026}}—January 25, 1891) was a [[Garo (tribe)|Garo]] Christian religious leader, missionary and evangelist.<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|204}}<br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
Ramke was born into the [[Garo (tribe)|Garo]] tribe of northeastern [[India]]<ref name=gravememorialized>{{Cite web|url=https://meghalayatimes.info/garo-icon-ramke-w-momin-s-grave-to-be-memorialized/|title=Garo Icon Ramke W Momin's grave to be memorialized|author=<!--staff writer-->|date=2016-11-01|website=Meghalaya Times|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-10-14|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014193202/https://meghalayatimes.info/garo-icon-ramke-w-momin-s-grave-to-be-memorialized/|archive-date=2019-10-14}}</ref> in the 1830s.{{cn|date=February 2026}} Growing up in an [[animist]] culture, Ramke was an unusually devotional child, often catching little animals or birds and sacrificing them to the spirits.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dspace.nehu.ac.in/bitstream/1/11152/1/M%20S%20Sangma%201.pdf|title=Ramke W Momin A search for truth|last=Sangma|first=MS|date=15 October 2019|website=NEHU|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|53}} In 1847, the [[British Raj|British]], who were extending their rule in India, invited boys from the Garo tribe to receive an education in [[Goalpara]]. Ramke's uncle, Omed, began attending the school, but Ramke was delayed in joining him by six months, since he had recently broken his arm.<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|54-55}} While there, he learned about [[Hinduism]] and its teachings about [[Reincarnation#Hinduism|reincarnation]]. He struggled with the idea that people could reincarnate as animals, or vice versa, which went against the beliefs he was raised with.<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|56, 61}} He prayed for three days for clarity and received a [[Vision (spirituality)|visitation]] from Heaven, declaring that his prayer was heard.<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|63-64}} He received ridicule from almost everyone when he tried to tell others about the vision, except for the Hindu [[sadhus]], who encouraged him to learn more about Hindu theology. They introduced him to the figure [[Vishnu]], whose incarnation, [[Rama|Ram]], Ramke began to worship.<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|64-66}}<br />
<br />
He later came across a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Tract (literature)|tract]] that convinced him that Hindusim was a false religion. His uncle Omed had also read the tract and invited Ramke to his home in [[Gauhati]] to study Christianity.<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|68-69}}. Ramke worked as a policeman during this period.<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|70}} He and Omed were baptised in 1863,<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|78-80}} contrary to the wishes of their wives.<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|81}} Ramke and Omed begged for a missionary to be sent to their people, eventually offering to do the work themselves. They were accepted and received a salary for their work.<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|81-83}} Though Ramke preached, he primarily focused on starting a Christian school in [[Assam|Damra]], which opened in 1864.<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|84, 198}} Both men established villages for Christian converts: Omed started the town of Rajasimla at the foot of the Rajasimla Pass, while Ramke founded the village of Nisangram near [[Assam]].<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|87, 106, 174, 195}} Ramke was ordained as pastor in 1872 and served as headmaster of the Normal School, both at Goalpara and at [[Tura, Meghalaya|Tura]].<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|174, 202-203}} He also assisted in the translation of the Scriptures into Garo and a Bengali-Garo dictionary.<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|279}}<ref name=gravememorialized/><br />
<br />
Missionary William Carey wrote that Ramke converted more than 2,200 people over the course of his career.<ref name=williamcarey>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2078/page/n1/mode/2up|title=A Garo Jungle Book: Or The Mission to the Garos of Assam|last=Carey|first=William|publisher=The Judson Press|location=Philadelphia|date=1919|pages=53, 106, 174, 198-205}}</ref>{{rp|204}}<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
While stationed as a policeman in Damra, Ramke met a Garo woman named Suban, who he later married.<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|72}}<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|71-72, 174, 220}} Her parents tried to convince her to leave him after news spread of his conversion to Christianity, but she refused.<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|75}} Their first child died in infancy,<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|75}} while, in the 1880s, two more of their children died within six months of each other.<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|204-205}}<br />
<br />
Ramke died on January 25, 1891.<ref name=williamcarey/>{{rp|205}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1830s births]]<br />
[[Category:1891 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:People from Goalpara district]]<br />
[[Category:Garo people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Christian religious leaders]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Christian missionaries]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bollam_Mallaiah_Yadav&diff=492119Bollam Mallaiah Yadav2026-04-19T00:29:17Z<p>Pureganics: added basic article and citations</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Bollam Mallaiah Yadav<br />
| image = Bollam Mallaiah Yadav.png<br />
| caption =<br />
| birth_date = {{start date and age|df=yes|1965|08|14}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://telanganadata.news/kodad-mla-bollam-mallaiah-yadav/|title=Kodad MLA Bollam Mallaiah Yadav|website=telanganadata.news|access-date=9 January 2019}}</ref><br />
| birth_place = [[Suryapet]], [[Telangana]]<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|Member of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency = [[Kodad Assembly constituency|Kodad]]<br />
| term_start = 2018<br />
| term_end = 2023<br />
| predecessor = [[Nalamada Padmavathi Reddy]]<br />
| successor = Nalamada Padmavathi Reddy<br />
| party = [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]<br />
| other_party = <br />
| spouse = Indira<br />
| children = 2 Sons, 1 Daughter<br />
| education = M.A From [[Osmania University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://myneta.info/telangana2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=5151|title=BOLLAM MALLAIAH YADAV Profile|website=myneta.info}}</ref> <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Bollam Mallaiah Yadav''' is a member of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Kodad Assembly constituency|Kodad]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/telangana-election/article/kodad-assembly-constituency-election-2018-trs-bollam-mallaiah-yadav-faces-jallepalli-enkateshwarlu-of-bjp/322450|title=Kodad Assembly Election: TRS' Bollam Mallaiah Yadav wins the elections|website=www.timesnownews.com|accessdate=2 January 2019}}</ref> constituency. He belongs to the [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] party.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Electoral history==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Election results<br />
! Year<br />
! Office<br />
! Constituency<br />
! Candidate<br />
! Party<br />
! Votes<br />
! %<br />
! Opponent<br />
! Opponent party<br />
! Votes<br />
! %<br />
! Result<br />
! Ref<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
| [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]<br />
| [[Kodad Assembly constituency|Kodad]]<br />
| Bollam Mallaiah Yadav<br />
| [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]<br />
| 67,611<br />
| 32.35<br />
| Padmavathi Reddy Nalamada<br />
| [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| 1,25,783<br />
| 60.19<br />
| {{lost}}<br />
| <ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Kodad Assembly Election Results 2023<br />
|url=https://www.oneindia.com/kodad-assembly-elections-ts-90/<br />
|website=OneIndia<br />
|access-date=20 January 2026<br />
}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<br />
| [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]<br />
| [[Kodad Assembly constituency|Kodad]]<br />
| Bollam Mallaiah Yadav<br />
| [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]<br />
| 89,115<br />
| 46<br />
| Padmavathi Reddy Nalamada<br />
| [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| 88,359<br />
| 46<br />
| {{won}}<br />
| <ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Kodad Assembly Election Results 2018<br />
|url=https://www.oneindia.com/kodad-assembly-elections-ts-90/<br />
|website=OneIndia<br />
|access-date=20 January 2026<br />
}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br />
| [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]<br />
| [[Kodad Assembly constituency|Kodad]]<br />
| Bollam Mallaiah Yadav<br />
| [[Telugu Desam Party]]<br />
| 68,592<br />
| –<br />
| Padmavathi Reddy Nalamada<br />
| [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| 81,966<br />
| –<br />
| {{lost}}<br />
| <ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Kodad Assembly Election Results 2014<br />
|url=https://www.oneindia.com/kodad-assembly-elections-ts-90/<br />
|website=OneIndia<br />
|access-date=20 January 2026<br />
}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2018–2023]]<br />
[[Category:Bharat Rashtra Samithi politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1965 births]]<br />
<br />
{{Telangana-TRS-politician-stub}}</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harnaut_Assembly_constituency&diff=502252Harnaut Assembly constituency2026-04-16T04:33:21Z<p>Pureganics: made data!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Short description|Constituency of the Bihar legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Harnaut Assembly constituency<!-- The name of the constituency --><br />
| type = SLA<br />
| map_image = 177-Harnaut constituency.svg<br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| mla = [[Hari Narayan Singh (Bihar politician)|Hari Narayan Singh]]<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Janata Dal (United)}}<br />
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]] <!--Year of the last election. Leave blank for former constituencies--><br />
| region = <br />
| state = [[Bihar]]<br />
| district = [[Nalanda district|Nalanda]]<br />
| division = <br />
| loksabha_cons = <br />
| constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|177]]<br />
| established = 1972 <!-- year of establishment --><br />
| electors = 319,850<br />
| abolished = <!-- year abolished --><br />
}}<br />
'''Harnaut''' is one of 243 constituencies of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly of Bihar]]. It is a part of [[Nalanda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nalanda]] Lok Sabha constituency along with other assembly constituencies viz. Rajgir, Nalanda, Islampur, Hilsa, Asthawan and Biharsharif.<ref name="election2014">{{cite web | url=http://www.elections.in/bihar/parliamentary-constituencies/nalanda.html | title=Nalanda Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher=elections.in | access-date=10 March 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
Bihar's Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]] has contested from this seat four times. He lost in 1977 as member of Janata Party, lost again in 1980 as member of Charan Singh's Janata Party (Secular) which changed its name later to Lok Dal, won in 1985 as member of Lok Dal, did not contest in 1990, and won in 1995 as member of Samata Party. He has never contested assembly election since, and has been elected to the upper house as MLC in 2006, 2012, and 2018. He has been elected to Lok Sabha 6 times.<ref name="election1996">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1996-election-results.html|title = 1996 India General (11th Lok Sabha) Elections Results}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Harnaut comprises CD Blocks Harnaut, Chandi & Nagar Nausa.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2013-12-20 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Harnaut Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/harnaut.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref><br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
|Bhola Prasad Singh<br />
| {{party name with color|Independent|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br />
|Arun Kumar Singh<br />
|-<br />
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
|[[Nitish Kumar]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Lokdal}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br />
|[[Braj Nandan Yadav]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Independent}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<br />
|[[Nitish Kumar]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Samata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|1996^<br />
|Arun Kumar Singh<br />
|-<br />
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]<br />
|Vishwamohan Choudhary<br />
|-<br />
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Er. Sunil Kumar<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y|rowspan=6}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Hari Narayan Singh (Bihar politician)|Hari Narayan Singh]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
=== 2025 ===<br />
{{Election box begin<br />
|title = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Harnaut<ref name="election2025">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-15 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/ae/2025/16 |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = Janata Dal (United)<br />
|candidate = Hari Narayan Singh<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:106954}}<br />
|percentage = 55.66<br />
|change = +14.42<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Arun Kumar<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:58619}}<br />
|percentage = 30.5<br />
|change = +17.17<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Jan Suraaj Party<br />
|candidate = Kamlesh Paswan<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:7927}}<br />
|percentage = 4.13<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Pintu Paswan<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2785}}<br />
|percentage = 1.45<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Aam Aadmi Party<br />
|candidate = Dharmendra Kumar<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2387}}<br />
|percentage = 1.24<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Rashtriya Sanatan Party<br />
|candidate = Indrasen Priyadarshi<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1840}}<br />
|percentage = 0.96<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bhartiya Party (Loktantrik)<br />
|candidate = Kanhaiya Lal Yadav<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1782}}<br />
|percentage = 0.93<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:5380}}<br />
|percentage = 2.8<br />
|change = +1.98<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:48335}}<br />
|percentage = 25.16<br />
|change = +7.98<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:192162}}<br />
|percentage = 60.08<br />
|change = +8.61<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = Janata Dal (United)<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2020 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Harnaut<ref name="election2020">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12787-bihar-legislative-election-2020/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = Janata Dal (United)<br />
|candidate = [[Hari Narayan Singh (Bihar politician)|Hari Narayan Singh]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:65404}}<br />
|percentage = 41.24<br />
|change = {{decrease}}4.67<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Lok Janshakti Party<br />
|candidate = Mamta Devi<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:38163}}<br />
|percentage = 24.06<br />
|change = {{decrease}}12.72<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Kundan Gupta<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:21144}}<br />
|percentage = 13.33<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Kaushlendra Kumar Singh<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:6846}}<br />
|percentage = 4.32<br />
|change = {{increase}}3.07<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Ashok Kumar Singh<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2980}}<br />
|percentage = 1.88<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)<br />
|candidate = Sanjay Singh<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2420}}<br />
|percentage = 1.53<br />
|change = {{decrease}}0.47<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Rashtriya Jan Jan Party<br />
|candidate = Karuna Kumari<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2250}}<br />
|percentage = 1.42<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Proutist Bloc<br />
|candidate = Ashutosh Kumar Sinha<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1844}}<br />
|percentage = 1.16<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Pragatisheel Magahi Samaj<br />
|candidate = Vijay Kumar<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1800}}<br />
|percentage = 1.13<br />
|change = {{increase}}0.78<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Purvanchal Mahapanchayat<br />
|candidate = Rekha Kumari<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1780}}<br />
|percentage = 1.12<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Mukesh Kumar<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1607}}<br />
|percentage = 1.01<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Jagatnarayan<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1528}}<br />
|percentage = 0.96<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1299}}<br />
|percentage = 0.82<br />
|change = {{decrease}}2.7<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:27241}}<br />
|percentage = 17.18<br />
|change = {{increase}}8.05<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:158608}}<br />
|percentage = 51.47<br />
|change = {{decrease}}2.95<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
| <br />
|winner = Janata Dal (United)<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2015 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2015]]: Harnaut<ref name="election2015">[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3904-bihar-2015/ Bihar Assembly Election 2015]</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[Hari Narayan Singh (Bihar politician)|Hari Narayan Singh]]<br />
|party = Janata Dal (United)<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:71933}}<br />
|percentage = 45.91<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Arun Kumar<br />
|party = Lok Janshakti Party<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:57638}}<br />
|percentage = 36.78<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Dharmendra Kumar<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:4146}}<br />
|percentage = 2.65<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)<br />
|candidate = Brij Nandan Yadav<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:3128}}<br />
|percentage = 2.0<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Nationalist Congress Party<br />
|candidate = Neelam Kumari Singh<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2858}}<br />
|percentage = 1.82<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Santosh Kumar<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2093}}<br />
|percentage = 1.34<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Sitaram Paswan<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1959}}<br />
|percentage = 1.25<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Pintu Kumar<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1692}}<br />
|percentage = 1.08<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Chandra Uday Kumar<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1450}}<br />
|percentage = 0.93<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:5523}}<br />
|percentage = 3.52<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:14295}}<br />
|percentage = 9.13<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:156695}}<br />
|percentage = 54.42<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
===2010===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2010 Bihar legislative assembly election|Bihar assembly elections, 2010]]: Harnaut<ref name="election2010">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2010/stat_BR_Nov2010.pdf Bihar Assembly Election 2010]</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| <br />
|candidate = Harinarayan Singh<br />
|party = Janata Dal (United)<br />
|votes = 56827<br />
|percentage = 47.31<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| <br />
|candidate = Arun Kumar<br />
|party = Lok Janshakti Party<br />
|votes = 41785<br />
|percentage = 34.79<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}<br />
<br />
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Politics of Nalanda district]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]<br />
[[Category:1972 establishments in Bihar]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khammam_Assembly_constituency&diff=509528Khammam Assembly constituency2026-04-15T02:12:58Z<p>Pureganics: made a data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Khammam<br />
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (112-Khammam highlighted).png<br />
| map_caption = Location of Khammam Assembly constituency within Telangana<br />
| mla = [[Thummala Nageswara Rao]]<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
| state = [[Telangana]]<br />
| district = [[Khammam district|Khammam]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Khammam Lok Sabha constituency|Khammam]]<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| incumbent_image = Thummala Nageshwar Rao.jpg<br />
| established = 1951<br />
| electors = 3,08,403<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 112<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Khammam Assembly constituency''' is a constituency of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]. It is one of the five constituencies in [[Khammam district]]. It includes the city of [[Khammam]] and is part of [[Khammam Lok Sabha constituency]].<br />
<br />
[[Thummala Nageswara Rao]] of [[Indian National Congress]] won the seat for the Assembly elections held on 30 November 2023.<br />
<br />
== Mandals ==<br />
<br />
The assembly constituency presently comprises the following mandals :<br />
{{srn}}<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"<br />
!Mandal<br />
|-<br />
| [[Khammam (urban) mandal|Khammam Urban]]<br />
|-<br />
|Khammam Rural<br />
|-<br />
|} Ragunadapalem mandal<br />
<br />
== Members of Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Name<br />
! colspan=2| Party<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=4| [[Hyderabad]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br />
| [[Rentala Bala Guru Murthy]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad)|rowspan=2}}<br />
|- <br />
| Buggeveeti Krishnayya<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=4| [[United Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
|N. Peddanna<br />
| {{Full party name with color|People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad)}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1957 |url=http://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1957-election-results.html}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
| Nallamala Giri Prasada Rao<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1962 |url=http://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1962-election-results.html}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | Mohd. Rajjab Ali<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}(Marxist)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1967 |url=http://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1972 |url=http://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1972-election-results.html}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]<br />
| Kesara Anantha Reddy<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1978 |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=601&cid=280|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104194022/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=601&cid=280|url-status=usurped|archive-date=4 January 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | Manchikanti Rama Kishan Rao<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2}}(Marxist)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1983 |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=600&cid=280|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104192318/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=600&cid=280|url-status=usurped|archive-date=4 January 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1985 |url=http://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1985-election-results.html}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | Puvvada Nageswar Rao<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khammam Assembly Election 1994, Andhra Pradesh |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=162&cid=280 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104192648/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=162&cid=280 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=4 January 2018 |access-date=2017-05-07 |website=www.empoweringindia.org}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<br />
| Younis Sultan<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khammam Assembly Election 1999, Andhra Pradesh |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=162&cid=280 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104192648/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=162&cid=280 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=4 January 2018 |access-date=2017-05-07 |website=www.empoweringindia.org}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br />
| [[Tammineni Veerabhadram]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<br />
| [[Thummala Nageswara Rao]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khammam Assembly Election 2009, Andhra Pradesh |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=299&cid=112 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402035336/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=299&cid=112 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=2 April 2018 |access-date=2017-05-07 |website=www.empoweringindia.org}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! colspan=4| [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Puvvada Ajay Kumar]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Thummala Nageswara Rao]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
<br />
=== [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2023]] ===<br />
{{Election box begin| title= [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2023]]: Khammam (Assembly constituency) }}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Thummala Nageswara Rao]]|votes=1,36,016|percentage=57.58|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telangana Rashtra Samithi|candidate=[[Puvvada Ajay Kumar]]|votes=86,635|percentage=36.67|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Jana Sena Party|candidate=Miriyala Ramakrishna|votes=4,040|percentage=1.71|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Yarra Srikanth|votes=1,940|percentage=0.82|change=}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=1925|percentage=0.81|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority|votes=49,381|percentage=20.91|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=2,36,224|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
| winner = Indian National Congress <br />
|loser = Telangana Rashtra Samithi <br />
| swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2018]] ===<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin| title= [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2018]]: Khammam (Assembly constituency) }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Telangana Rashtra Samithi|candidate=[[Puvvada Ajay Kumar]]|votes=1,02,760|percentage=49.78|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Nama Nageswara Rao]]|votes=91,769|percentage=44.46|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=3,513|percentage=2,325|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Vuppala Sarada|votes=2,325|percentage=1.13|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority|votes=10,991|percentage=5.32|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=2,06,428|percentage=75.33|change=}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
| swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== [[Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2014]] ===<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title= [[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2014]]: Khammam (Assembly constituency)<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052404/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=997&cid=112 Khammam Results]}}</ref>}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Puvvada Ajay Kumar]]|votes=70,465|percentage=37.91|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Thummala Nageshwar Rao]]|votes=64,783|percentage=34.85|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Kurakula Nagabhushaiah|votes=25,032|percentage=13.47|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telangana Rashtra Samithi|candidate=Gundala Krishna|votes=14,065|percentage=7.57|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Lok Satta Party|candidate=Ravi Maruth Popuri|votes=4,448|percentage=2.39|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=1,408|percentage=0.76|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority|votes=5,682|percentage=3.06|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,85,886|percentage=70.39|change=}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
| winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|loser = Telugu Desam Party<br />
| swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Telangana Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}<br />
{{coord|17.25|80.15|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Khammam district]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=K._Pedda_Reddy&diff=506985K. Pedda Reddy2026-04-10T03:58:33Z<p>Pureganics: made new info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)| Member]] of [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly| Legislative Assembly <br> Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| term_start = 23 May 2019<br />
| term_end = 4 June 2024<br />
| predecessor = [[J. C. Prabhakar Reddy]]<br />
| successor = [[J. C. Ashmit Reddy]]<br />
| constituency = [[Tadpatri Assembly constituency|Tadpatri]]<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1966|4|18|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = Timmampalli, [[Yellanur]], [[Anantapur district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| spouse = Smt Kethireddy Ramadevi<br />
| party = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Ceiling Fan.svg|30px]][[YSR Congress Party]]<br />
| relatives = [[Kethireddy Venkatarami Reddy]] (Nephew)<br />
}}<br />
'''Kathireddy Pedda Reddy''' (born 1966) is friend of an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-26 |title=Tadipatri Assembly Election Results 2024: Tadipatri Andhra Pradesh Election Schedule, Vote share and Results |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly-election/tadipatri-constituency/ |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> He was an MLA of [[YSR Congress Party]] from [[Tadpatri Assembly constituency|Tadipatri Assembly constituency]] in [[Anantapur district]]. He won the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tadipatri Assembly Election 2024: Tadipatri Election Candidates List, Election Date, Chunav Results, Vote Share News in Hindi {{!}} ताडिपत्रि विधानसभा चुनाव परिणाम 2024 - AajTak |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/assembly-chunav/andhra-pradesh/tadipatri-assembly-result-1151 |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Tadipatri Constituency Election Results 2019: Tadipatri Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/constituency-show/tadipatri |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Tadipatri Assembly Election 2024: Tadipatri Election Winning Candidates List, Election Date, Results, Vote Share New-IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/andhra-pradesh/tadipatri-constituency-result-1151 |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and family ==<br />
Reddy was born in Timmampalli village of [[Yellanur]] mandal, [[Anantapur district|Ananthpur district]]. His father, Rami Reddy, was a farmer. He completed schooling from Nirmala English Residential School, MPR Dam Garbdinne mandal, [[Anantapur district]]. He married Ramadevi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-20 |title=Kethireddy Pedda Reddy {{!}} MLA {{!}} Tadipatri {{!}} Anantapur {{!}} YSRCP |url=https://theleaderspage.com/kethireddy-pedda-reddy/ |access-date=2024-05-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> His nephew [[Kethireddy Venkatarami Reddy]] also served as a member of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.<ref>{{Cite news |title=ఏపీ అసెంబ్లీలో తండ్రి, కొడుకు, అల్లుడు… ముగ్గురూ వైసీపీ ఎమ్మెల్యేలే.. |url=https://telugulives.com/telugu/2020/10/three-mlas-relation-in-ap-assembly/}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Political career and election history ==<br />
Reddy began his political journey with [[YSR Congress Party]]. He won the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Tadpatri Assembly constituency|Tadipatri Assembly constituency]] representing [[YSR Congress Party]]. He defeated J. C. Ashmit Reddy of [[Telugu Desam Party]] by a margin of 7,511 votes.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> In the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] he lost to the same Telugu Desam Party candidate, Reddy, by a margin of 27,731 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tadipatri Assembly Election Results 2024: Tadipatri Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/andhra-pradesh/tadipatri-constituency-result-1151 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tadipatri Constituency Election Results 2024: Tadipatri Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/constituency-show/tadipatri |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pedda Reddy, Kathireddy}}<br />
[[Category:1966 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]<br />
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]<br />
[[Category:People from Anantapur district]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sapana_Punia&diff=532999Sapana Punia2026-04-05T14:27:01Z<p>Pureganics: Added a page w/ infobox</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian racewalker}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox sportsperson<br />
| name = Sapana<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| fullname = Sapana Punia<br />
| nickname = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|1|2|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = <br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| country = {{flagcountry|India}}<br />
| height = <!--{{convert|?|cm|ftin|abbr=on}}--><br />
| weight = <!--{{convert|?|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}--><br />
| sport = [[Track and field]]<br />
| <!-- Medal record --><br />
| show-medals = yes<br />
| medaltemplates = <br />
| updated = 29 August 2015<br />
}}<br />
'''Sapana''', also known as '''Sapana Punia''' (born 2 January 1988) is a female [[Racewalking|racewalker]] from [[Jaipur]], Rajasthan, India. She competed in the [[2015 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 20 kilometres walk|Women's 20 kilometres walk event]] at the [[2015 World Championships in Athletics]] in Beijing, China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/4875/AT-20KR-W-f----.RS6.pdf |title=Women's 20 kilometres walk heats results|publisher=IAAF | accessdate=29 August 2015}}</ref> She competed in the [[20 kilometres race walk|20 km walk]] at the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] in [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil but did not finish.<ref name="India Today">{{Cite news |author=Amsan, Andrew |title=Boosted by Rio ticket, Sapna Punia eyes better timing |work=[[India Today]] |date=30 December 2015 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/boosted-by-rio-ticket-sapna-punia-eyes-better-timing-279711-2015-12-30 |access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="Times of India">{{Cite news |author=Mukherjee, Debayan |title=Race walker Sapna off to Poland to train ahead of Rio Games |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=13 May 2016 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/athletics/Race-walker-Sapna-off-to-Poland-to-train-ahead-of-Rio-Games/articleshow/52259078.cms |accessdate=26 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Rio 2016: Race Walkers Sandeep, Khushbir, Sapana Disappoint India |work=[[News18]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |date=20 August 2016 |url=http://www.news18.com/news/olympics/rio-2016-indias-sandeep-kumar-finishes-35th-in-50km-race-walk-1283265.html |accessdate=6 May 2017}}</ref> She set a national record in the 20&nbsp;km walk at the 2015 National Games with at time of 1:40:35.70.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Vinod, A. |title=National Games: Dutee Chand sprints to glory |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=12 February 2016 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/national-games-dutee-chand-sprints-to-glory/article6883265.ece |accessdate=26 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | author= Express Web Desk | title= Sapna Punia Profile| newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] | date= 1 August 2016 |url=http://indianexpress.com/sports/rio-2016-olympics/sapna-punia-women-20km-walk-2923869 |accessdate=12 August 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
Punia is also a sub-inspector in the [[Rajasthan Police]].<ref name="India Today" /><ref name="Times of India" /><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{sports links}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sapana, Sapana}}<br />
[[Category:Indian women race walkers]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes from Jaipur]]<br />
[[Category:Sportswomen from Rajasthan]]<br />
[[Category:1988 births]]<br />
[[Category:World Athletics Championships athletes for India]]<br />
[[Category:Olympic athletes for India]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women police officers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian police officers]]<br />
{{India-athletics-bio-stub}}</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaaji_Mallige&diff=504968Jaaji Mallige2026-04-01T08:18:56Z<p>Pureganics: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Jaaji Mallige.jpg<br />
| caption = VCD cover<br />
| director = R. Anantharaju<br />
| screenplay = R. Anantharaju<br />
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Devathaiyai Kanden]]''|[[Boopathy Pandian]]}}<br />
| producer = Anaji Nagaraj<br />Jayanna<br />
| starring = [[Ajay Rao]]<br />[[Gowri Munjal]]<br />
| cinematography = M. R. Seenu<br />
| editing = Suresh Muniraj<br />
| music = [[Sadhu Kokila]]<br />
| studio = J N Combines<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2009|4|3}}<br />
| runtime = 135 minutes<ref name="T" /><br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Kannada<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Jaaji Mallige''''' ({{translation|Jasmine}}) is a 2009 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama film]] written and directed by R. Anantharaju. A remake of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Devathaiyai Kanden]]'' (2005), it stars [[Ajay Rao]] and [[Gowri Munjal]]. The film was released on 3 April 2009.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
{{more plot|date=April 2022}}<br />
Ramu, a tea seller, falls in love with Uma and they plan to marry. But her parents force her to marry a rich man instead, leading to Ramu filing a case against Uma.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
*[[Ajay Rao]] as Ramu<br />
*[[Gowri Munjal]] as Uma<br />
*[[Naga Kiran]] as Dr. Prashanth<br />
*[[Komal (actor)|Komal]]<br />
*Nagashekhar<br />
*[[Bullet Prakash]]<br />
*[[Kuri Prathap]]<br />
*[[M. N. Lakshmi Devi]]<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
''Jaaji Mallige'', a remake of [[Boopathy Pandian]]'s [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Devathaiyai Kanden]]'' (2005), was directed by R. Anantharaju who also wrote the screenplay,<ref name="chiloka" /> while Ramnarayan wrote the dialogues.<ref name="rediff" /> The film was produced by Anaji Nagaraj and Jayanna under J N Combines. Cinematography was handled by M. R. Seenu, and editing by Suresh Muniraj.<ref name="chiloka" /><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The soundtrack was composed by [[Sadhu Kokila]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2009 |title=Jaaji Mallige (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/jaaji-mallige-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1813366800 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/fQ0Tr |archive-date=1 April 2026 |access-date=1 April 2026 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Olave<br />
| lyrics1 = <br />
| extra1 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]<br />
| length1 = 4:35<br />
| title2 = Mogava Nee Noduveke<br />
| extra2 = [[Kunal Ganjawala]], [[K. S. Chithra]]<br />
| length2 = 4:47<br />
| title3 = Nimmappan Kandru Bhaya<br />
| extra3 = [[Hemanth (singer)|Hemanth]], Badri, [[Sadhu Kokila]]<br />
| length3 = 4:41<br />
| title4 = Manassu<br />
| extra4 = Karthik<br />
| length4 = 0:53<br />
| title5 = Ondu Devathe<br />
| extra5 = Hemanth<br />
| length5 = 2:44<br />
| title6 = Chitte Chitte<br />
| extra6 = [[Udit Narayan]], Latha Malathi<br />
| length6 = 4:35<br />
| title7 = Cheluve Brahmana Bali<br />
| extra7 = Shreya Ghoshal, Karthik<br />
| length7 = 4:35<br />
| total_length = 26:50 <!-- Automatically generated with User:JPxG/TrackSum.js --><br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release and reception ==<br />
''Jaaji Mallige'' was released on 3 April 2009.<ref name="chiloka">{{Cite web |title=Jaaji Mallige (ಜಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲಿಗೆ) |url=https://chiloka.com/movie/jaaji-mallige-2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708181237/https://chiloka.com/movie/jaaji-mallige-2009 |archive-date=8 July 2017 |access-date=1 June 2020 |website=Chiloka.com}}</ref> [[R. G. Vijayasarathy|R G Vijayasarathy]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 and wrote, "''Jaaji Mallige'' may please everyone -- those who have watched the original, and those who haven't".<ref name="rediff">{{Cite web |last=Vijayasarathy |first=R G |author-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy |date=3 April 2009 |title=Jaaji Mallige is a good remake |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/apr/03review-jaaji-mallige.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508185035/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/apr/03review-jaaji-mallige.htm |archive-date=8 May 2020 |access-date=1 June 2020 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' was not impressed, writing, "Director R Anantharaju could have done a much better job of this excellent romantic story with lively narration and a neat script".<ref name="T">{{Cite news |date=3 April 2009 |title=Jaaji Mallige Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/jaaji-mallige/movie-review/4358565.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010004430/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/jaaji-mallige/movie-review/4358565.cms |archive-date=10 October 2021 |access-date=1 June 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> ''[[Mid-Day]]'' wrote, "Though the director Ananthraj has done a decent [job] of the screenplay and script, the first half is actually pretty boring".<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2009 |title=Jaaji Mallige&nbsp;– a cliched love story |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/jaaji-mallige---a-cliched-love-story/39886 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425111107/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/jaaji-mallige---a-cliched-love-story--39886 |archive-date=25 April 2025 |access-date=1 June 2020 |website=[[Mid-Day]]}}</ref> ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote, "Without being overly melodramatic, the director has managed to spin a credible tale. And this is the biggest asset of the film along with the comic scenes involving Komal".<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2009 |title=Jaaji Mallige: Smells like success |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Jaaji-Mallige-Smells-like-success/articleshow/22178284.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260401081212/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Jaaji-Mallige-Smells-like-success/articleshow/22178284.cms |archive-date=April 1, 2026 |access-date=1 June 2020 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}}</ref> [[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] wrote, "''Jaaji Mallige'' wins because the director has just followed the original, except for including a little bit of comedy".<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 April 2009 |title=Ajay shines as dejected lover in 'Jaaji Mallige' (Kannada Film Review) |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/ajay-shines-as-dejected-lover-in-jaaji-mallige-kannada-film-review_11642 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425110936/https://www.indiaforums.com/article/ajay-shines-as-dejected-lover-in-jaaji-mallige-kannada-film-review_11642 |archive-date=25 April 2025 |access-date=1 June 2020 |via=India Forums |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2000s legal drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2009 films]]<br />
[[Category:2009 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2009 Kannada-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2009 romantic drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Sadhu Kokila]]<br />
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]<br />
[[Category:Indian legal drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=India_at_the_2021_Summer_Deaflympics&diff=503926India at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics2026-03-30T14:01:52Z<p>Pureganics: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}<br />
<br />
{{infobox country at games|NOC=IND|flagbearer=|app_begin_year=|appearances=|officials=|bronze=8|silver=1|gold=8|rank=8|sports=|NOCname=[[All India Sports Council of the Deaf]]|competitors=65|location=[[Caxias do Sul]]|website={{url|http://www.aiscd.org/}}|oldcode=|flagcaption=|year=2022|games=Deaflympics|app_end_year=}}<br />
<br />
[[India]] competed at the [[2021 Summer Deaflympics]] which was held in [[Caxias do Sul]], [[Brazil]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=India at the 2022 Summer Deaflympics |url=https://www.deaflympics.com/games/2022-s/ind |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Deaflympics |archive-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508103655/https://www.deaflympics.com/games/2022-s/ind |url-status=dead }}</ref> India sent a delegation consisting of 65 participants in 11 sporting disciplines such as shooting, badminton, athletics, golf, judo, karate, table tennis, tennis, taekwondo, wrestling for the event, which was the largest ever delegation sent by India in a single Summer Deaflympic event.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sixty-five Indian athletes to participate in Deaflympics |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/indian-deaflympics-contingent-brazil-send-off-ceremony/article38480143.ece |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Sportstar |date=26 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Judge |first=Shahid |title=Explainer: India at Deaflympics – here's what you need to know about the quadrennial event |url=https://scroll.in/field/1023014/explainer-india-at-deaflympics-heres-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-quadrennial-event |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Scroll.in |date=May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
This was the 14th time that India had participated at the [[Deaflympics|Summer Deaflympics]] since making its Deaflympic debut in 1965. The delegation included [[Rohit Bhaker]], who competed in his 7th Deaflympic event as the most experienced competitor for India at the multi-sport event. Golfer [[Diksha Dagar]] who competed at the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] also returned to Deaflympics after appearing previously at the [[2017 Summer Deaflympics]].<br />
<br />
India rank 9th in the event which includes Sports shooter [[Dhanush Srikanth]] won the first medal as well as first gold medal for India during the event as he clinched a gold medal in the men's 10m air rifle shooting event with a new deaf world record by registering a score of 247.5 points in the final.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Results - Shooting 10m Air Rifle (Men) |url=https://www.deaflympics.com/games/2022-s/results/3420 |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Deaflympics |archive-date=15 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515014252/https://www.deaflympics.com/games/2022-s/results/3420 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 5, 2022 |title=Dhanush Srikanth wins gold, Shourya Saini bags bronze at Deaflympics {{!}} More sports News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/dhanush-srikanth-wins-gold-shourya-saini-bags-bronze-at-deaflympics/articleshow/91335499.cms |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= 4 May 2022|title=Srikanth earns shooting gold with world record score at Deaflympics |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1122753/srikanth-shooting-gold-deaflympics |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=www.insidethegames.biz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |agency=Press Trust of India |title=Dhanush Srikanth wins gold, Shourya Saini bags bronze in Deaflympics |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/dhanush-srikanth-wins-gold-shourya-saini-bags-bronze-in-deaflympics/article38484915.ece |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Sportstar |date=5 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Medalists ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Name<br />
!Medal<br />
!Sport<br />
!Event<br />
|-<br />
|[[Jerlin Anika]]<br />
|{{gold medal|Gold}}<br />
|[[Badminton at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Badminton]]<br />
|Women Singles<br />
|-<br />
|Abhinav Sharma<br>[[Jerlin Anika]]<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Badminton at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Badminton]]<br />
|Mixed Doubles<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rohit Bhaker]]<br>Mahesh<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Badminton at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Badminton]]<br />
|Mixed Team<br />
|-<br />
|[[Diksha Dagar]]<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Golf at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Golf]]<br />
|Women's Individual<br />
|-<br />
|[[Dhanush Srikanth]]<br />
|{{gold medal|Gold}}<br />
|[[Shooting at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Shooting]]<br />
|Men's 10m air rifle<br />
|-<br />
|[[Abhinav Deshwal]]<br />
|{{gold medal|Gold}}<br />
|[[Shooting at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Shooting]]<br />
|Men's 10m air pistol<br />
|-<br />
|[[Dhanush Srikanth]]<br />Priyesha Deshmukh<br />
|{{gold medal|Gold}}<br />
|[[Shooting at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Shooting]]<br />
|Mixed rifle<br />
|-<br />
|Sumit Dahya<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Wrestling at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Wrestling]]<br />
|Men's Freestyle (97 kg)<br />
|-<br />
|[[Prithvi Sekhar]]<br />Dhananjay Dubey<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Tennis at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Tennis]]<br />
|Men's Doubles <br />
|-<br />
|Abhinav Sharma <br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Badminton at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Badminton]]<br />
|Men's Singles<br />
|-<br />
|[[Vedika Sharma]]<br />
|{{bronze medal|Bronze}}<br />
|[[Shooting at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Shooting]]<br />
|Women's 10m air pistol<br />
|-<br />
|[[Shourya Saini]]<br />
|{{bronze medal|Bronze}}<br />
|[[Shooting at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Shooting]]<br />
|Men's 10m air rifle<br />
|-<br />
|[[Prithvi Sekhar]]<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Tennis at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Tennis]]<br />
|Men's Singles<br />
|-<br />
|[[Prithvi Sekhar]]<br />[[Jafreen Shaik]]<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Tennis at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Tennis]]<br />
|Mixed Doubles <br />
|-<br />
|[[Virender Singh (wrestler, born 1986)|Virender Singh]]<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Wrestling at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Wrestling]]<br />
|Men's Freestyle (74 kg)<br />
|-<br />
|Amit Krishan <br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Wrestling at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Wrestling]]<br />
|Men's Freestyle (86 kg)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Medal table ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Sport<br />
!{{Gold medal|Gold}}<br />
!{{Silver medal|Silver}}<br />
!{{Bronze medal|Bronze}}<br />
!Total<br />
|-<br />
|[[Badminton at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Badminton]]<br />
|3<br />
|0<br />
|1<br />
|'''4'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Golf at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Golf]]<br />
|1<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|'''1'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Shooting at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Shooting]]<br />
|3<br />
|0<br />
|2<br />
|'''5'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tennis at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Tennis]]<br />
|0<br />
|1<br />
|2<br />
|'''3'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Wrestling at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics|Wrestling]]<br />
|1<br />
|0<br />
|2<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|'''Total'''<br />
|'''8'''<br />
|'''1'''<br />
|'''7'''<br />
|'''16'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[India at the Deaflympics]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
* [https://www.deaflympics.com/countries/ind India at the Deaflympics]<br />
<br />
{{Nations at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics}}<br />
[[Category:2022 in Indian sport]]<br />
[[Category:India at the Deaflympics]]<br />
[[Category:Nations at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics]]<br />
[[Category:Brazil–India relations|2021]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhima_Ratha&diff=491163Bhima Ratha2026-03-28T23:53:13Z<p>Pureganics: created the article basic info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox temple<br />
| name = Bhima Ratha<br />
| image = Bhima Ratha (Five Rathas), Mahabalipuram.jpg<br />
| caption = Bhima Ratha<br />
| map_type = <br />
| map_caption =<br />
| other_names = <br />
| proper_name = <br />
| devanagari = <br />
| sanskrit_translit = <br />
| tamil = <br />
| marathi = <br />
| bengali = <br />
| country = India<br />
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]],<br />
| district = [[Kancheepuram district]]<br />
| location = [[Mahabalipuram]] <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| deity = [[Shiva]]<br />
| primary_deity_Godess = <br />
| utsava_deity_God = <br />
| utsava_deity_Godess= <br />
| Direction_posture = <br />
| Pushakarani = <br />
| Vimanam = <br />
| Poets = <br />
| Prathyaksham = <br />
| festivals= <br />
| architecture = <br />
| temple_quantity = <br />
| monument_quantity= <br />
| inscriptions = <br />
| year_completed = {{circa}} 650<ref>{{cite book|title=The Culture of India |isbn=9780852297629 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |year=2010 |page=315 }}</ref> [[Common era]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Student Britannica India 7 Vols |page=5 |author= Ramchandani, Indu |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=2000 |isbn=9780852297629 }}</ref><br />
| creator = <br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Bhima Ratha''' is a monument in the [[Pancha Rathas]] complex at [[Mahabalipuram]], on the [[Coromandel Coast]] of the [[Bay of Bengal]], in the [[Kancheepuram district]] of the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. It is an example of [[monolithic architecture|monolith]] [[Indian rock-cut architecture]]. Dating from the late 7th century, it is attributed to the reign of King [[Mahendravarman I]] and his son [[Narasimhavarman I]] (630–680 AD; also called Mamalla, or "great warrior") of the [[Pallava Kingdom]]. The entire complex is under the auspices of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI), and is one of the [[Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram]] designated as a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] since 1984.<ref name=UNESCO/><br />
<br />
It is built in a form which resembles a folk-house with sloping roofs with its sides forming a curved gablelike arch over a rectangular room with a veranda.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Coombes |first1=J. W. |title=The Seven Pagodas |date=1999 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-1424-6 |page=32 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Apa Publications UK Limited">{{cite book |last1=Guides |first1=Insight |title=Insight Guides South India (Travel Guide eBook) |date=1 March 2017 |publisher=Apa Publications (UK) Limited |isbn=978-1-78671-692-7 |page=130 |language=en}}</ref> It is likely, due to the advanced design of the Mamallapuram shrines, that temple building had previously undergone a substantial process of development, and that the shrines mark a rapid transition from the earlier wooden temples to later structural monuments in stone it is carved out of a single, long stone of granite.<ref name=UNESCO>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/249/|title=Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram|publisher=World Heritage|accessdate=2007-02-08}}</ref><ref name=Plaque>{{Cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Five_Rathas,_Mahabalipuram.jpg|title= File:Five Rathas, Mahabalipuram.jpg| accessdate=9 April 2013|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India, Chennai Circle}}</ref><ref name=ASI>{{Cite web|url=http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/mamallapuram/mam01.html|title=Pancha Rathas, Mamallapuram |accessdate=23 October 2012|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India}}</ref> Though sometimes mistakenly referred to as a [[temple]], the structure was not consecrated because it was not completed<ref>{{cite book|title=Art history |author=Stokstad, Marilyn |year=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education |isbn=9780131577046 |page=333 }}</ref> following the death of Narasimhavarman I.<ref name=Plaque/><ref name=ASI/><ref name=architect>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/Culture/Archit/Mahaba.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991006030700/http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/Culture/Archit/Mahaba.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 October 1999|title= Mahabalipuram|accessdate=30 December 2012|publisher=UCLA Education, South Asia}}</ref> The structure is named after one of the [[Pandava|Pancha Pandavas]], of epic [[Mahabharata]] fame,<ref name=UNESCO/><ref name=ASI/><ref name=Rathas>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/t/019pho0000472s1u00027000.html|title=The Rathas, monolithic [Mamallapuram]|accessdate=19 February 2013|publisher=Online Gallery of the British Library}}</ref> {{Citation needed span|text=though the nomenclature is not supported by its iconography. It is dedicated to [[Vishnu]].|date=December 2020}}<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
The monument is located at Mahabalipuram (previously known as Mammallapuram) on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal of [[Indian Ocean]] in Kancheepuram district. It is approximately {{convert|35|miles}} south of [[Chennai]] (previously known as Madras), the capital city,<ref name=Gunther>{{Cite web|url=http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/mamallapuram/mam01.html|title=Pancha Rathas, Mamallapuram |accessdate=23 October 2012|work=art-and-archaeology.com|first=Michael D. |last=Gunther}}</ref> while [[Chengalpattu]] is about {{convert|20|miles}} distant.<ref name="Ayyar1982">{{cite book|first=P. V. Jagadisa |last=Ayyar|title=South Indian Shrines: Illustrated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&pg=PA157|accessdate=7 February 2013|year=1982|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0151-2|pages=157–}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:Plan of Bhima's Ratha.png|thumb|Plan of Bhima's Ratha]]<br />
{{Main|Pancha Rathas}}<br />
Like the other four Pancha Rathas, this stone edifice is a replica of a wooden version which preceded it.<ref name="MoffettFazio2003">{{cite book|last1=Moffett|first1=Marian|last2=Fazio|first2=Michael W.|last3=Wodehouse|first3=Lawrence|title=World History of Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IFMohetegAcC&pg=PT75|accessdate=9 January 2013|year=2003|publisher=Laurence King Publishing|isbn=978-1-85669-371-4|page=75}}</ref> The monument is incomplete.<ref>{{cite book|title=Art history |first=Marilyn |last=Stokstad |year=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education |isbn=9780131577046 |page=333 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Architecture==<br />
All the Pancha Rathas are aligned in a north–south direction and share a common plinth. They have no precedent in Indian architecture in stone and have proved to be "templates" for building larger temples in the South Indian tradition of Dravidian temple architecture.<ref name="Rathas" /> Though cut out of monolithic rocks, they are carved in the form of structural temples in regular building form and hence termed as "quasimonolithic temple form".<br />
<br />
===Layout===<br />
[[File:Bhima and Dharmaraja temples.jpg|left|thumb|Bhima Ratha to the left of [[Dharmaraja Ratha]]]]<br />
Similar to the [[Arjuna Ratha|Arjuna]] and [[Dharmaraja Ratha]]s, the stone temple is a replica of an earlier wooden version which preceded it.<ref name="MoffettFazio2003" /><br />
Bhima Ratha is an ''ektala'' or single tiered oblong temple, with a barrel-vaulted roof and ornate columns. It is the third ratha after Draupadi and Arjuna Rathas, carved over an extended long pink granite rock out crop that gradually rises from the north to south. It is cut out over a base plan of {{convert|42|x|24|ft}}, and rising to a height of {{convert|25|ft}} over two floors. The ground floor has remained incomplete. The unfinished features of the lower floor gives a picture of what was planned to be built, namely a [[Circumambulation|circumambulatory]] passage supported on pillars mounted with lion posts as the base. The oblong scheme of the layout is conjectured as a plan that was intended to house an [[Anantashayana Vishnu]] (reclining image of god [[Vishnu]]).<ref name="Singh2008">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Upinder|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GW5Gx0HSXKUC&pg=PA636|accessdate=9 January 2013|year=2008|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1677-9|page=636}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Features===<br />
[[File:Ratha detail face.JPG|right|thumb|[[Gavaksha|Kudu]] on the exterior face of Bhima Ratha]]<br />
The ratha is reminiscent of Buddhist cave architecture, such as Sala-[[Shikhara]].<ref name="asi">{{cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_mahabalipuram_monolithic.asp|title=World Heritage Sites – Mahabalipuram – Monolithic Temples|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|accessdate=9 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312100940/http://www.asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_mahabalipuram_monolithic.asp|archive-date=12 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Archaeologist, however, are of the opinion that the stupa suggests a shikhara (temple tower) style; there are twelve such styles depicted in all the rathas experimented by sculptors during the Pallvava period. It is also mentioned that it has palace architectural style considering its barrel vaulting and long columned porch. The roof section resembles a thatched roof with its sides forming a curved gablelike arch over a rectangular room.<ref name="Apa Publications UK Limited"/><ref name="varalaaru">{{cite web|url=http://www.varalaaru.com/Default.asp?articleid=741|title=The Five Rathas of Mahabalipuram|publisher=Varalaaru|accessdate=9 January 2013}}</ref> The Bhima Ratha has a pillared open veranda, a column with a Pallava seated lion, and "horseshoe-arch dormer like projections" called ''[[gavaksha|kudus]]''. These decorations are carved on the external faces of the ratha, above the cornices which also forms the dividing line between the ground floor and the first floor of the structure. Oblong-shaped shrines are carved at the cornices linked with a passage. The small shrines have a wagon-type roof supported on lion mounted pillars. The ends of the gables have fine decorative motifs, with a miniature model of a square at the centre.<ref name="asi"/> The niches seen are carved with regular spacing and are supported on two pilasters. [[Nasika]]s are mentioned in inscriptions inside the temple.<ref name="varalaaru"/><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|35em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Bhima's Ratha}}<br />
<br />
{{Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples in Mahabalipuram]]<br />
[[Category:Pancha Rathas]]<br />
[[Category:Historic sites in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Architecture of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Pallava architecture]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=In_Search_of_the_Sky&diff=503801In Search of the Sky2026-03-25T22:38:33Z<p>Pureganics: made a article!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian drama film}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = In Search of the Sky<br />
| native_name = {{infobox name module|bra|Vimukt}}<br />
| image = In Search of the Sky film poster.jpg <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Festival release poster <br />
| director = Jitank Singh Gurjar<br />
| screenplay = Pooja Vishal Sharma<br>Jitank Singh Gurjar<br />
| producer = Pooja Vishal Sharma<br>Madhhu Shharma<br>Arpan Raut<br>Akarshi Jaiswal<br>Navin Shetty<br />
| starring = Nikhil Yadav<br>Raghvendra Bhadoriya<br>Meghna Agarwal<br />
| music = Manish Kumar<br />
| cinematography = Shelly Sharma<br />
| editing = Pavan Therukar<br />
| studio = Canvas Creation<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|9|6|[[2025 Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]]}}<br />
| runtime = 90 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
}}<br />
'''''In Search of the Sky''''' ({{langx|bra|Vimukt}}) is an [[India]]n drama film, directed by [[Jitank Singh Gurjar]] and released in 2025.<ref name=thr>[https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/tiff-2025-in-search-of-the-sky-a-braj-language-film-from-india-to-have-world-premiere-at-festival "TIFF 2025: 'In Search Of The Sky,' A Braj-Language Film From India To Have World Premiere At Festival"]. ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'', 7 August 2025.</ref> <br />
<br />
An exploration of the attitudes and challenges that face people with disabilities in rural India, the film stars Raghvendra Bhadoriya and Meghna Agarwal as Jasrath and Vidya, a couple struggling with the financial and social challenges of caring for their developmentally disabled son Naran (Nikhil Yadav), who undertake a religious pilgrimage to the [[Maha Kumbh]] in hopes of finding a solution.<ref>Sofia Moniz, [https://thevarsity.ca/2025/09/08/tiff-reviewin-search-of-the-sky/ "TIFF review: In Search of the Sky"]. ''[[The Varsity (newspaper)|The Varsity]]'', 8 September 2025.</ref><br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
Gurjar's directorial debut, the film was shot in [[Madhya Pradesh]], principally in the city of [[Prayagraj]] and smaller towns.<ref name=thr/><br />
<br />
According to producer and screenwriter Pooja Vishal Sharma, the film was inspired in part by her prior work with an organization for children with developmental disabilities.<ref>{{cite news | first=Naman | last=Ramachandran | url=https://variety.com/2025/film/festivals/toronto-in-search-of-the-sky-mental-health-stigma-india-1236509258/ | title=Toronto Title ‘In Search of the Sky’ Tackles Mental Health Stigma in Rural India: ‘How Society Can Be So Ruthless’ | work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date=6 September 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
The film premiered at the [[2025 Toronto International Film Festival]], where it won the [[Toronto International Film Festival NETPAC Prize|NETPAC Prize]].<ref>{{cite news | first=Pete | last=Hammond | url=https://deadline.com/2025/09/hamnet-toronto-film-festival-peoples-choice-award-1236530932/ | title=‘Hamnet’ Wins Oscar-Predictive Toronto Film Festival People’s Choice Award | work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] | date=14 September 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
It will compete for [[IFFI ICFT UNESCO Gandhi Medal]] at the [[56th International Film Festival of India]] in November 2025.<ref name="icft:variety">{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/festivals/cannes-winner-presidents-cake-gandhi-medal-iffi-goa-1236572997/ |title=Cannes Winner ‘The President’s Cake’ Among 10 Films Competing for ICFT-UNESCO Gandhi Medal at India’s IFFI Goa Festival |author= Naman Ramachandran |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date= 7 November 2025 |access-date=8 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|36390021}}<br />
* [https://tiff.net/films/in-search-of-the-sky ''In Search of the Sky''] at TIFF<br />
<br />
[[Category:2025 films]]<br />
[[Category:2025 drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2025 directorial debut films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Braj Bhasha films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about intellectual disabilities]]<br />
<br />
{{India-film-stub}}<br />
{{2020s-drama-film-stub}}</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angry_Babies_in_Love&diff=465801Angry Babies in Love2026-03-23T19:15:13Z<p>Pureganics: minor add content</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Angry Babies in Love<br />
| image = Angry-Babies-in-Love.jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| alt =<br />
| director = [[Saji Surendran]]<br />
| producer = Darshan Ravi<br />
| starring = [[Anoop Menon]]<br/>[[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]]<br />
| writer = Krishna Poojappura<br />
| music = [[Bijibal]]<br />
| cinematography = Anil Nair<br />
| editing = [[Manoj (film editor)|Manoj]]<br />
| studio = Dimac Creations<br />
| distributor = LJ Films<br/>Popcorn Entertainments Australia<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|06|14}}<br />
| runtime =<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
| budget =<br />
| gross =<br />
}}<br />
'''''Angry Babies in Love''''' is a 2014 [[Malayalam]] romantic comedy film directed by [[Saji Surendran]] and scripted by Krishna Poojappura.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/angry-babies-in-love-bitter-realities/article5071386.ece|title=Angry Babies, in Love: Bitter realities|first=Vijay|last=George|newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 August 2013|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> It stars [[Anoop Menon]] and [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-first-look-anoop-menons-angry-babies-in-love/20130711.htm|title=First Look: Anoop Menon's Angry Babies in Love|first=Vijay|last=G|website=Rediff}}</ref> The film, produced by Darshan Ravi under the banner of Demac Creations, has music composed by [[Bijibal]] and cinematography by Anil Nair.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2013/dec/03/k%e2%80%98not%e2%80%99-so-fair-545070.html|title=K'not' So Fair|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> It was released on 14 June 2014 and received mixed reviews from critics. The music label for the movie is [[Muzik247]]<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Jeevan Paul is a still photographer who runs a studio in a village in [[Idukki district|Idukki]]. By accident, he meets Sarah Thomas, a girl from a good family, and they fall in love. The plot starts when Sarah is at church, about to marry a man who was chosen by her parents. Jeevan, who is one of the photographers, steps up and claims that Sarah loves him and this marriage shouldn't happen. Sarah's family oppose her relationship with Jeevan. So they elope and move away, settling in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/angry-babies-in-love/story.html |title=Angry Babies In Love (U) |publisher=FilmiBeat |accessdate=21 November 2014}}</ref> A year later they appear in court seeking a divorce. The court orders them to stay together for another six months.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/12144/malayalam/angry-babies/4724/review.htm |title=Angry Babies Review |publisher=Nowrunning |accessdate=21 November 2014 |archive-date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509141707/https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/12144/malayalam/angry-babies/4724/review.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Anoop Menon]] as Jeevan Paul<br />
* [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]] as Sarah Thomas<br />
* [[Anusree]] as Selvi<br />
* [[Arun Cherukavil|Arun]] as Deepak<br />
* [[Nishanth Sagar]] as Anwar<br />
* [[Parvathy Nair]] as Paro<br />
* [[P. Balachandran]] as Madhavan<br />
* [[Noby Marcose]] as Kochu Kunju<br />
* [[Joju George]] as Alex Maliyekkal<br />
* [[Muktha (actress)|Muktha]]<br />
* [[Aditi Ravi]] as Maria<br />
* [[Romanch (actor)|Romanch]] as Salman<br />
* [[Kalabhavan Shaju]] as Sreedhar<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/angry-babies-in-love-review-malayalam-15057875.html|title=Movie Review : Angry Babies in Love|website=[[Sify]] |date=23 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623133901/http://www.sify.com/movies/angry-babies-in-love-review-malayalam-15057875.html|archive-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> [[The Times of India]] gave the film 3 stars out of 5 and wrote, "The film will certainly come across as a pleasant watch for families who would enjoy certain situations in the film, but as a mass entertainer, it might fall a bit short".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/angry-babies-in-love/movie-review/37525295.cms|title=Angry Babies in Love Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Angry Babies in Love by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref> Nowrunning.com gave 2 stars out of 5 and wrote, "Playing out on the trouble that brews in a marital paradise, ''Angry Babies'' sings a familiar tune, is sporadically funny and makes little attempts whatsoever to take a detour from a much beaten path".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/12144/malayalam/angry-babies/4724/review.htm|title=Angry Babies Review &#124; Angry Babies Malayalam Movie Review by Veeyen|website=NOWRUNNING|access-date=31 August 2014|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509141707/https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/12144/malayalam/angry-babies/4724/review.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The film's soundtrack contains four songs, all composed by [[Bijibal]]. The lyrics were written by [[Anoop Menon]] and [[Rajeev Alunkal]].<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"<br />
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)<br />
|-<br />
| 1<br />
| "Eden Thottam (Maaya Theeram)"<br />
| [[Nikhil Mathew]], [[Rimi Tomy]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2<br />
| "Ivar Anuraagikal"<br />
| [[Bijibal]]<br />
|-<br />
| 3<br />
| "Mele Chelode"<br />
| [[Vijay Yesudas]]<br />
|-<br />
| 4<br />
| "Zindagi"<br />
| [[Soumya Ramakrishnan]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|3805054}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2014 films]]<br />
[[Category:2014 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2014 romantic comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Idukki]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Saji Surendran]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{2010s-Malayalam-film-stub}}<br />
{{2010s-romantic-comedy-film-stub}}</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashapura_Mata&diff=459704Ashapura Mata2026-03-20T11:13:17Z<p>Pureganics: quick update</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Hindu goddess}}<br />
{{Infobox deity<br />
| type = Hindu<br />
| caption = [[Murti]] of the deity<br />
| image = Ashapura Maa.jpg<br />
| venerated_in = [[Shaktism]]<br />
| region = [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}<br />
<br />
'''Ashapura Mata''' is an aspect of [[Devi]], a Hindu goddess. She is one of the [[Kuladevi|kuldevis]] of [[Kutch District|Kutch]] and [[Rajasthan]], and the Jadeja clan of Gujarat, Chauhans and Patiyats inhabiting the western Indian provinces. She is a goddess regarded to fulfill the wishes of her adherents.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Neve |first1=Geert de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E196AgAAQBAJ&dq=ashapura+mata&pg=PA221 |title=The Meaning of the Local: Politics of Place in Urban India |last2=Donner |first2=Henrike |date=2007-01-24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-135-39216-1 |pages=221 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Her temples are mainly found in [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]]. She is considered to be an expansion of goddess [[Shakambhari|Shakambhari Devi]].<br />
<br />
Rajput Kuldevi<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-11 |title=Rajput Kuldevi |url=https://www.rajputkuldevi.com/ |access-date=2025-03-12}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Veneration==<br />
She is [[kuldevi]] of numerous communities in [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]].<br />
<br />
=== Rajasthan ===<br />
Ashapura Mata is kuldevi of the [[Chauhan Dynasty]], also known as Songara Chauhan of [[Sambhar Lake Town|Shakambhari]] (Sambhar Lake City, Rajasthan), from where Great Chauhan ruler [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] belongs. the first temple of Shakambhari Mata The origin of which can be traced back to almost 1300 years or more at Sambhar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shakumbhari Devi Temple {{!}} Significance of Shakumbhari Devi Temple – AstroVedpedia |url=https://www.astroved.com/astropedia/en/temples/north-india/shakumbhari-devi-temple |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=Astroved Astropedia |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
The second temple was built by Rao Lakshman Chauhan in the 10th century, 945–970 AD, at [[Nadol]]. He was from the same Chauhan dynasty of Sakambhari. As he became ruler of Nadol with the blessings obtained from Sakambhari Devi by fulfilling his wish, Sakambhari devi became famous as "'''Ashapura mata".'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sanjay |date=2017-11-04 |title=The Goddess who fulfills hopes - Ashapura Mata Temple Nadol |url=https://www.missionkuldevi.in/en/2017/11/ashapura-mata-temple-nadol/ |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=Mission Kuldevi - Indian Castes and their Gods |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
The branch of the Songara Chauhans of Jalor came from Nadol to Jalor. They established the Ashapura Mata Temple at [[Modran, Rajasthan|Modran]] village near Jalore, most probably in the 12th century where Patiyats of Dhansa now worship Ashapura Mata as their Kuldevi. According to the popular legend, Maharaja of [[Junagadh]] Khangar Chudasama's wife, Sheetal Solankini, accepted her as Kuldevi after fulfilling her hope of having a son. The king named his son [[Navaghana (king)|Navagan]] Ronedhan, who became the great king of Junagadh.<br />
<br />
Ashapura Mata is also kuldevi of Hada Chauhan dynasty of Hadoti region.<br />
<br />
===Kutch===<br />
The temple was built in the 14th century by two Karad [[Bania (caste)|Vanias]], Ajo and Anagor at [[Mata no Madh]]. She is the kuldevi of [[Jadeja|Kutchi Jadeja Rajput]]s, [[Bhanushali]], Gosar, Savla & Poladia community. The Patels of charotar in piplav also worship Ashapuri Mata as Kuldevi.<br />
<br />
===Central Gujarat===<br />
[[Chauhan dynasty|Chauhan]], Baria Rajputs like ''Purabia Chauhans'' also worship her as a kuldevi. The ''Deora chauhan'' Rajputs also worship her as their kuldevi. The [[Brahmin]] communities like Billore, Gaur Lata Thanki, Pandit and Dave Pushkarna, [[Sompura Salat]] also worship her as a kuldevi. The [[Vaishya]] community [[Vijayvargiya]] worships her. The [[Brahma Kshatri]] caste worships her as their kuldevi.<br />
<br />
===South Gujarat===<br />
The [[Lohana]]s worship her as their kuldevi.<br />
<br />
===Saurashtra===<br />
[[Sindhi people|Sindhi]]s like the Khichda group, worship Ashapura Mata as their kuldevi. In Gujarat Junaghad, Devchandani Parivar worship her as kuldevi, where her temple is located beside [[Uparkot]].<br />
<br />
==Temples==<br />
[[File:Nadol Ashapura temple.jpg|thumb|Nadol Ashapura temple]]<br />
in Gujarat the temple is located at [[Mata no Madh]] in [[Kutch]], where she is worshiped as kuldevi of Jadeja rulers of Kutch and main guardian deity of region.<ref name="k">{{Cite book |last=Dilipsinh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oPUFiGRH07IC&q=ashapura&pg=PA73 |title=Kutch in Festival and Custom |date=2004 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-0998-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=k2/> The original temple located 80&nbsp;km from [[Bhuj]], and apparently thousands of years old was renovated around 1300 AD by [[Karad]] [[Bania (caste)|Vanias]], who were ministers in court of Lakho Fulani, ruler of Kutch. The deity was later adapted as kuldevi by Jadeja rulers, when they won battles, with her blessings.<ref name=k2/> Every year at [[Navratri]] annual fair at Mata no Madh, [[lakh]]s of devotees turn up to pay their respects to the goddess form all over Gujarat and even [[Mumbai]].<ref>[http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/people-turn-up-in-lakhs-at-mata-no-madh-in-kutch/228782/ People turn up in lakhs at Mata no Madh in Kutch] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516014816/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/people-turn-up-in-lakhs-at-mata-no-madh-in-kutch/228782/ |date=16 May 2008 }}</ref> Another temple is also at [[Bhuj]], located within fortified town, which was originally capital of Kingdom of Kutch.<br />
<br />
Her temples are also found in other Jadeja domains of [[Rajkot]], [[Jasdan]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maaashapura.com/ |title=Home |website=maaashapura.com |access-date=17 May 2011 |archive-date=4 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204065251/http://www.maaashapura.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Morbi]], [[Gondal, India|Gondal]], [[Jamnagar]],<ref name=c>[http://www.jamnagar.org/gopgumli.htm Jamnagar]</ref> [[Ghumli]],<ref name=c/> where the Jadejas, who migrated from Kutch, built her temples and installed her as clan deity.<ref name=k2>[http://www.desigujju.com/gujarattourism/en/place/25/Mata_No_Madh_Ma_Ashapura From Bhuj, the capital of erstwhile state of Kutch, about 80 km to the north is the temple of Ma Ashapura at Mata no Madh. It has become a live symbol of faith of people of Kutch in the last 600 years.]</ref><ref>[https://www.flickr.com/photos/84371697@N00/5220634834/ Bhuj]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kutchforever.com/Religious.aspx |title=The Goddess 'Ashapura' is not only the family holy being of the rulers of Kutch, but also the family deity of all the branches of Jadeja in Saurashtra. The temple of Ashapura is open for all irrespective of caste, belief or religion. |access-date=17 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705203852/http://www.kutchforever.com/Religious.aspx |archive-date=5 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Ghumli]], in the Barda hills, [[Gujarat]], this is when Maa Shakti kills a demon on request of a Sati and she request Maa too reside on the hills and named her Maa Ashapura. This is the First temple of Mataji. Maa Ashapura is still heard and also hears Maa's lion's roar.<br />
<br />
Ashapura Mataji's temple is in the Gadhkada village in Amreli district. Every 1st day of Navratri, lot of people come there for Mataji's Yagna.<br />
<br />
In [[Rajasthan]], her temples are in [[Pokhran]], [[Modran, Rajasthan|Modran]], Morseem and [[Nadol]]. In [[Mumbai]] also there is a famous temple of Ashapura Mata.<br />
[[File:Ashapura Mata Bangalore.jpg|thumb|282x282px|Murti of the Devi in Bannerghatta, Bangalore.]]<br />
In [[Bangalore]], there is a temple dedicated to her named "Sh. Ashapura Mataji Mandir" that is located near [[Bannerghatta National Park]].<br />
<br />
In [[Pune]], there is temple near Gangadham on Katraj Kondhwa Road. In Thane also a famous Ashapura Temple located near Kapurvadi.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
[[File:Ashapura Maa Nadol.jpg|thumb|Ashapura Maa Nadol]][[File:Entrance gate of nadol Ashapura temple.jpg|thumb|Entrance gate of Nadol Ashapura temple, under construction in 2023]]<br />
* [[Mata no Madh]]<br />
* [https://www.rajputkuldevi.com/ Rajput Kuldevi]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{HinduMythology}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hindu goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Mother goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Charan]]<br />
[[Category:Tutelary goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Culture of Kutch]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu folk deities]]<br />
[[Category:Folk deities of Rajasthan]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brihanmumbai_Municipal_Corporation&diff=459212Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation2026-03-18T18:06:47Z<p>Pureganics: updated page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Administrative body for the city of Mumbai}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Mcn|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox legislature<br />
| name = Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation<br />
| background_color = red<br />
| coa_pic = File:Emblem of Mumbai.png<br />
| coa_res = 200px<br />
| coa_alt = Seal of the MCGM<br />
| coa_caption = [[Emblem]] of the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation<br />
| house_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]<br />
| foundation = {{start date and years ago|1889}}<br />
| term_length = 5 years<br />
| leader1_type = [[Mayor of Mumbai|Mayor]]<br />
| leader1 = [[Ritu Tawde]], '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]'''<br />
| election1 = <br />
| leader4_type = Administrator<br />
| leader4 = [[Bhushan Gagrani]], [[Indian Administrative Services|IAS]]<br />
| leader2_type = [[Deputy Mayor]]<br />
| leader2 = Sanjay Ghadi, '''[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|SHS]]'''<br />
| election2 = <br />
| leader3_type = [[Municipal Commissioner]]<br />
| leader3 = [[Bhushan Gagrani]], [[Indian Administrative Services|IAS]]<br />
| seats = 227<br />
| structure1 = {{Switcher|[[File:India Maharashtra Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation Election 2026.svg|300px]]|By party}}<br />
| structure1_res = 300px<br />
| political_groups1 = '''Government (118)'''<br />
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (89)<br />
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}}} [[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|SHS]] (29)<br />
<br />
'''Opposition (109)'''<br />
:*{{Party legend|Shiv Sena (UBT)|65}}<br />
:*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|24}}<br />
:*{{Party legend|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|8}}<br />
:*{{Party legend|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena|6}}<br />
:*{{Party legend|Nationalist Congress Party|3}}<br />
:*{{Party legend|Samajwadi Party|2}}<br />
:*{{Party legend|Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar|1}}<br />
| session_room = Bombay Municipal Corporation.JPG<br />
| session_res = 200px<br />
| meeting_place = [[Municipal Corporation Building, Mumbai]]<br />
| website = [https://portal.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/ Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]<br />
| motto = यतो धर्मस्ततो जय: {{small|([[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]])}} <br />''Where there is Righteousness, there shall be Victory''<br />
| last_election1 = [[2026 Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation election|15 January 2026]]<ref>{{cite web |title=BMC, 28 other municipal corporations to go for polls on January 15; result on January 16 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/maharashtra/maharashtra-bmc-28-other-municipal-corporations-to-go-for-polls-on-january-15-result-on-january-16-latest-updates-2025-12-15-1021804 |publisher=India TV News |date=15 December 2025}} </ref><br />
| next_election1 = 2031<br />
| party1 = <br />
| party2 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation''' ('''BMC''')<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai|url=http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous?NavigationTarget=navurl://55454fe42297ed3da8ca5afe777d49de&guest_user=english|access-date=2017-02-23|website=Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation|archive-date=24 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224055742/http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous?NavigationTarget=navurl%3A%2F%2F55454fe42297ed3da8ca5afe777d49de&guest_user=english|url-status=dead}}</ref> is the governing civic body of [[Mumbai]], the capital city of [[Maharashtra]].<br />
<br />
More well funded than any other municipal corporation in India, its annual budget exceeds that of some of the country's smaller states.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-09-03 |title=BMC to open green channel for octroi |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/bmc-to-open-green-channel-for-octroi/214127/ |access-date=2010-08-25 |publisher=Financialexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gold & beautiful, News - Cover Story |url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/15/20100720201007200513356955a0576d5/Gold--beautiful.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120903164108/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/15/20100720201007200513356955a0576d5/Gold--beautiful.html |archive-date=2012-09-03 |access-date=2010-07-21 |publisher=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref> Established by the [[Imperial Legislative Council|legislature of British India]] under the Bombay Municipal Corporation Act 1888, the BMC is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city and some suburbs.<ref>{{cite web|title=BMC-Act-1888.pdf|url=https://www.indianemployees.com/uploads/documents/022015/1423923516-THE%20MUMBAI%20MUNICIPAL%20CORPORATION%20ACT_1888.pdf|access-date=2013-01-12}}</ref> <br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
The Municipal administration in the erstwhile Bombay existed since 1805. During this period the civic administration was vested in a Court of Petty Sessions. Up to the end of 18th century the administration of Bombay was conducted by the President and Council directly. However, since the Municipal administration had been inefficient, multiple efforts were undertaken by the British administration. The first major change came through in the year 1865 with a Municipal Corporation being established as a Body Corporate and Sir Arthur Crawford was appointed as the first Municipal Commissioner.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2020-04-02 |title=BrihanMumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) |url=https://memumbai.com/brihanmumbai-municipal-corporation-bmc/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=MeMumbai |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Municipal Corporation |url=https://gazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in/cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/local.html |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=gazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
Thereafter in 1872, after enactment of the Bombay Act No. III of 1872, a regular Corporation was established consisting of 64 elected Corporators who were the rate (tax) payers with the right to vote being restricted to the tax payers only. [[Pherozeshah Mehta|Sir Pherozeshah Mehta]] was instrumental in the drafting of the 1872 Act which led to the establishment of the Corporation as seen today. Sir Pherozeshah served as a Municipal Commissioner in 1873 and served as Chairman in 1884–86, and President in 1905 and 1911.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MyBMC - Welcome to BMC's Website |url=https://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/qllisthistory |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.mcgm.gov.in}}</ref> Fondly called as the Father of Municipal Government in Bombay, a large statue of Sir Pherozeshah was erected in 1923 in his memory and respect and adorns the [[Municipal Corporation Building, Mumbai|Municipal Corporation Building]].<br />
<br />
The British Administration the Bombay Municipal Corporation Act, 1888 which streamlined the operations of the Corporation by way of better administration and by providing proper responsibilities to its representatives. The Act, with some amendments continue to be in force till date.<br />
<br />
==Administration==<br />
The BMC is headed by an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer who serves as [[Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai|Municipal Commissioner]], wielding executive power. The Municipal Commissioner is one of the authorities under the Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888. The Municipal Commissioner is head of Executive Wing under section 54 of Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888. The Municipal Commissioner is appointed by Government of Maharashtra under section 54 of Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888. The Municipal Commissioner is responsible for developing & maintaining civic infrastructure of the city like water supply, roads, storm water, drainage and efficient delivery of various services to the citizens of Mumbai. The Municipal Commissioner deputes various departments to the Additional Municipal Commissioners, Deputy Municipal Commissioners, Assistant Commissioners and various heads of Department in discharge of his functions. The Municipal Commissioner is assisted by Additional Municipal Commissioners, Deputy Municipal Commissioners and Assistant Commissioners.<br />
<br />
As of June 2008, all administrative business in the BMC was conducted in Marathi, a decision that sparked controversy,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-06-25/mumbai/27763034_1_marathi-bmc-jairaj-phatak |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811085748/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-06-25/mumbai/27763034_1_marathi-bmc-jairaj-phatak |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-08-11 |title=From today. MCGM will do business only in Marathi |date=2008-06-25 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2010-08-25}}</ref> following which the BMC eased its stance and began accepting forms in [[Indian English|English]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/bmc-drops-only-marathi-clause-to-accept-forms-in-english/story-cN189ISVVH244C3nwPKgxJ.html|title=BMC drops only marathi clause, to accept forms in english|date=28 January 2012|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ City officials<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mayor of Mumbai|Mayor]]<br />
| [[Ritu Tawde]]<br />
| 7 February 2026<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mayor of Mumbai|Deputy Mayor]]<br />
| Sanjay Ghadi<br />
| 7 February 2026<br />
|-<br />
| [[Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai|Municipal Commissioner]]<br />
| [[Bhushan Gagrani]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/bhushan-gagrani-appointed-new-bmc-commissioner-101710961485923.html | title=Bhushan Gagrani appointed new BMC commissioner | work=Hindustan Times | date=21 March 2024 }}</ref><br />
| 21 March 2024<br />
|-<br />
| Administrator<br />
| [[Bhushan Gagrani]], [[Indian Administrative Services|IAS]]<br />
| 21 March 2024<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Legislature==<br />
In order to make the administration of the city convenient, it has been divided into seven zones. Further, these seven zones have 3 to 5 wards each. In total, Mumbai has been divided into 24 administrative wards that are ordered alphabetically from Ward A to Ward T. The 24 administrative wards are further divided into 227 civic electoral wards or constituencies. The smallest of the 24 administrative wards is the B-Ward with only 3 electoral wards while the P North-Ward is the largest with 16 electoral wards.<br />
<br />
Every electoral ward is led by a Corporator. The Corporator is the in-charge of the electoral ward and is responsible towards its development in general.<br />
<br />
As is the case with Legislative Bodies, the Elections for electing the Corporators is held every 5 years. The previous elections were held in [[2026 Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation election|2026.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find out who is contesting from Ward No. 164 in the BMC elections. |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/interactives/bmc-election-candidates-2017/ward-164 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.hindustantimes.com}}</ref> Harshad Karkar from Shiv-Sena was the youngest candidate at age 23 to win the Elections in 2017.<br />
<br />
The Corporators among themselves are to elect a Mayor who is the First Citizen of Mumbai. Mayors have two distinct roles- the decorative role of representing and upholding the dignity of the city and the functional role of presiding over the deliberations of the Corporation. As the presiding authority at the Corporation Meetings, his/her role is confined to the four corners of the Corporation Hall. The decorative role, however, extends far beyond the city and the country to other parts of world. This is seen whenever a foreign dignitary or a V.V.I.P. visits the city and the State Government invites the Mayor to receive the honoured guest on behalf of the Citizens. Thus, when the Mayor receives or sees the guest off, he does it on behalf of all the citizens of Mumbai. Similarly, when the Mayor accords a civic reception or presents a civic address to a Monarch, or a President or a Prime Minister of any country, he does so in the name of the Mumbai Municipal Corporation and the citizens of Mumbai. In such situations, the Mayor is seen as the First Citizen. Mayor is also given a place of prominence at Civic, Government and other social functions. The term of the office of the Mayor is 2.5 years.<br />
<br />
==Current members==<br />
The 227 wards of the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation and their councillors are listed below in the serial wise order. The last elections were held on [[2026 Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation election|15 January 2026]] with their results being declared on 16 January 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/maharashtra/maharashtra-bmc-28-other-municipal-corporations-to-go-for-polls-on-january-15-result-on-january-16-latest-updates-2025-12-15-1021804|title=Maharashtra: BMC, 28 other municipal corporations to go for polls on January 15; result on January 16|work=India TV|accessdate=15 December 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
!style="background-color:#F98C1F; color:white" colspan=6|Mayor: Ritu Tawde<br />
|-<br />
!style="background-color:#E37405; color:white" colspan=6|Deputy Mayor: Sanjay Ghadi<br />
|-<br />
! Area<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bmcelections.com/wards-in-mumbai|title=Wards of BMC|work=BMC Elections|accessdate=11 January 2026}}</ref><br />
! Ward No.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bmcelections.com/wards-in-mumbai|title=Wards of BMC|work=BMC Elections|accessdate=14 December 2025}}</ref><br />
! Councillor <br />
! colspan="2"|Party<br />
! Remarks<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="8" | R–North<br />
| 1 || Rekha Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || Tejasvi Ghosalkar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || Prakash Darekar <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || Mangesh Pangare || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)|rowspan=3}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 5 || Sanjay Ghadi <br />
|Deputy Mayor<br />
|-<br />
| 6 || Diksha Karkar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 7 || Ganesh Khankar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 8 || Yogita Patil<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="10" | R–Central<br />
| 9 || Shivanand Shetty<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 10 || Jitendra Patel<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 11 || Aditi Khursange || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 12 || Sarika Jhore || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 13 || Rani Trivedi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 14 || Seema Shinde<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 15 || Jignasa Shah<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 16 || Shweta Korgaonkar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 17 || Shilpa Sangore<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 18 || Sandhya Doshi || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="13" | R–South<br />
| 19 || Dakshata Kavthankar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=7}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 20 || Deepak Tawde <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 21 || Leena Deherkar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 22 || Himanshu Parekh<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 23 || Shiv Kumar Jha<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 24 || Swati Jaiswal<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 25 || Nisha Parulekar <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 26 || Dharmendra Kale || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 27 || Neelam Gurav || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 28 || Ajanta Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 29 || Sachin Patil || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 30 || Dhaval Vora || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 31 || Manisha Yadav<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="18" | P–North<br />
| 32 || Geeta Bhandari || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 33 || Mohammad Moeen Siddique || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 34 || Hyder Aslam Shaikh<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 35 || Yogesh Verma || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 36 || Siddharth Sharma <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 37 || Yogita Prashant || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 38 || Surekha Parab || {{Full party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 39 || Pushpa Kalambe || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes|rowspan=3}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 40 || Tulsiram Shinde <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 41 || Suhas Wadkar <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 42 || Dhanashree Bharadkar || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 43 || Ajit Raorane || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 44 || Sangeeta Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 45 || Sanjay Kamble<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 46 || Yogita Koli <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 47 || Tajinder Singh Tiwana<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 48 || Rafiq Eliyas Shaikh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 49 || Sangeeta Koli<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="9" | P–South<br />
| 50 || Vikram Rajput || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 51 || Varsha Tembhavkar || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 52 || Preeti Satam || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 53 || Jitendra Valvi || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 54 || Ankit Prabhu<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 55 || Harsh Patel || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 56 || Lakshmi Bhatia || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 57 || Shrikala Pillay || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 58 || Sandeep Patel<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="13" | K–West<br />
| 59 || Shailesh Phanse || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 60 || Sayali Kulkarni || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 61 || Divya Avaneesh Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 62 || Zeeshan Changez Multani || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 63 || Rupesh Savarkar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 64 || Saba Harun Khan || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 65 || Vitthal Banderi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 66 || Meher Mohsin Haider || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 67 || Deepak Kotekar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 68 || Rohan Rathod<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 69 || Sudha Singh<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 70 || Aneesh Makwaneey <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 71 || Sunita Mehta <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="15" | K–East<br />
| 72 || Mamata Yadav<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 73 || Lona Rawat || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 74 || Vidya Arya Kangane || {{Full party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 75 || Pramod Sawant || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 76 || Prakash Musale || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 77 || Shivani Parab || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 78 || Nazia Safi || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 79 || Mansi Madhukar || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 80 || Disha Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 81 || Kesharben Patel<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 82 || Jagdeshwari Amin <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 83 || Sonali Sabe || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 84 || Anjali Samant || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 85 || Milind Shinde<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 86 || Ritesh Rai || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="10" | H–East<br />
| 87 || Pooja Mahadeshwar || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes|rowspan=3}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 88 || Sharvari Parab <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 89 || Gitesh Raut<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 90 || Tulip Miranda || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 91 || Sagun Naik || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 92 || Ibrahim Iqbal Qureshi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 93 || Rohini Kamble || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes|rowspan=3}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 94 || Pragya Bhutkar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 95 || Hari Shastri<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 96 || Ayesha Khan Shams || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" | H–West<br />
| 97 || Hetal Gala || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 98 || Alka Kerkar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 99 || Chintamani Nivate || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 100 || Swapna Mhatre || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 101 || Karen Demello || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 102 || Raja Siraj Khan <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" | T<br />
| 103 || Hetal Markvekar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 104 || Prakash Gangadhar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 105 || Anita Vaiti<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 106 || Prabhakar Shinde<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 107 || Neil Somaiya<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 108 || Deepika Ghag<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="14" | S<br />
| 109 || Suresh Shinde || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 110 || Asha Suresh Koparkar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 111 || Deepak Sawant || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 112 || Sakshi Dalvi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 113 || Deepmala Baban || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 114 || Rajul Patil<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 115 || Jyoti Rajbhoj || {{Full party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 116 || Jagruti Patil || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 117 || Shweta Pawaskar || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 118 || Sunita Jadhav<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 119 || Rajesh Sonawane || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 120 || Vishwas Shinde || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 121 || Priyadarshini Thackeray<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 122 || Chandan Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="11" | N<br />
| 123 || Sunil More || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 124 || Sakina Sheikh<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 125 || Suresh Awale || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 126 || Archana Bhalerao || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 127 || Swaroopa Patil || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 128 || Sai Shirke || {{Full party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 129 || Ashwini Mate || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 130 || Dharmesh Giri<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 131 || Rakhi Jadhav<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 132 || [[Ritu Tawde]]<br />
|Mayor<br />
|-<br />
| 133 || Shrutika Kande || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="15" | M–East<br />
| 134 || Ateeq Ahmad Khan || {{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 135 || Navnath Ban || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 136 || Mohammad Jamir Qureshi || {{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|rowspan=5}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 137 || Shameer Ramzan <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 138 || Rohan Irfan Shaikh<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 139 || Shabana Atif Shaikh<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 140 || Vijay Ubale <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 141 || Vitthal Lokre || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 142 || Apeksha Khandekar || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 143 || Shabana Farooq Kazi || {{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 144 || Dinesh Bablu Panchal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 145 || Khairnusa Akbar Hussain || {{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 146 || Samruddhi Kate || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)|rowspan=3}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 147 || Pragya Sadafule<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 148 || Anjali Naik<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" | M–West<br />
| 149 || Susham Sawant || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 150 || Vaishali Shedkar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 151 || Kashish Fulwaria || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 152 || Asha Marathe<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 153 || Meenakshi Patankar || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 154 || Mahadev Shigwan || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 155 || Snehal Shivkar || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="16" | L<br />
| 156 || Ashwini Matekar || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 157 || Sarita Mhaske || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 158 || Chitra Sangle<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 159 || Prakash More || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 160 || Kiran Landge || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 161 || Vijayendra Shinde<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 162 || Amir Naseem Khan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 163 || Shaila Lande || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 164 || Harish Bhandirge || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 165 || Mohammad Ashraf Azmi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 166 || Meenal Sanjay Turde || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 167 || Saman Arshad Azmi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 168 || Sayeeda Khan || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 169 || Pravina Morajkar || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 170 || Bushra Malik || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 171 || Rani Yerunkar || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="10" | F–North<br />
| 172 || Rajshree Shirodkar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 173 || Shilpa Keluskar <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 174 || Sakshi Kanojia<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 175 || Mansi Satamkar || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 176 || Rekha Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 177 || Kalpesha Kothari <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 178 || Amey Ghole || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 179 || Ayesha Bano || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 180 || [[Trushna Vishwasrao]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 181 || Pushpa Koli || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="11" | G–North<br />
| 182 || [[Milind Vaidya]] <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 183 || Asha Deepak Kale || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 184 || Sajida Babbu Khan <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 185 || T. M. Jagadish || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes|rowspan=3}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 186 || Archana Shinde<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 187 || Joseph Koli<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 188 || Bhaskar Shetty || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 189 || Harshala More || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 190 || Sheetal Gambhir Desai || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 191 || [[Vishakha Raut]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 192 || Yashwant Killedar || {{Full party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" | G–South<br />
| 193 || Hemangi Varlikar || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes|rowspan=4}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 194 || Nishikant Shinde<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 195 || Vijay Bhange<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 196 || Padmaja Chemburkar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 197 || Vanita Narvankar || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 198 || Aboli Khade || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes|rowspan=3}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 199 || [[Kishori Pednekar]] <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" | F–South<br />
| 200 || Urmila Panchal<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 201 || Iram Sajid Siddiqui || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 202 || Shraddha Jadhav || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes|rowspan=3}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 203 || Shraddha Pednekar <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 204 || Kiran Tawde<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 205 || Supriya Dalvi || {{Full party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 206 || Sachin Padwal || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" | E<br />
| 207 || Rohidas Lokhande || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 208 || Ramakant Rahate || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 209 || [[Yamini Jadhav]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 210 || Sonam Jamsutkar || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 211 || Waqar Nisar Ahmed || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 212 || Abrahani Shehzad || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 213 || Nasima Zayed || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" | D<br />
| 214 || Ajay Patil || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 215 || Santosh Dhole<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 216 || Rajashree Bhatankar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 217 || Gaurang Jhaveri || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 218 || Snehal Tendulkar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 219 || Sunny Sanap<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | C<br />
| 220 || Sampada Mayekar || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 221 || Akash Purohit || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 222 || Rita Makwana<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | B<br />
| 223 || Dyanraj Nikam || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 224 || Rukhsana Noorul Amin<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | A<br />
| 225 || Harshita Narwekar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 226 || Makarand Narwekar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 227 || Gauravi Narwekar<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Finances and Revenue sources ==<br />
<br />
BMC is one of the richest municipal corporations in Asia.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Sohit |date=2017-02-21 |title=BMC Elections 2017: Complete fact sheet of Asia's richest civic corporation |language=en |work=India.com |url=http://www.india.com/news/india/bmc-elections-2017-complete-fact-sheet-of-asias-richest-civic-corporation-1858436/ |access-date=2018-01-31}}</ref> In ten years, the Corporation allocated ₹2.19 lakh crore for the city, higher than the 10-year budget of some Indian states.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-12 |title=In 10 years, just 18% of Rs2.19 lakh-crore BMC budget was spent on civic infra |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/in-10-years-just-18-of-rs2-19-lakh-crore-bmc-budget-was-spend-on-civic-infra/story-tdeVEtbqKXO6ZFurFK6jSN.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The BMC Annual Budget of ₹52,619.07 crores for the year 2023-2024 was the first instance that the budget estimate for the BMC to cross ₹50,000 crores in its history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-04 |title=BMC presents ₹52,620 cr budget for 23-34, no fresh tax levied for Mumbaikars |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/bmc-presents-rs-52-620-cr-budget-for-fy-2023-34-no-fresh-tax-levied-for-mumbaikars-11675534623136.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Controversies and criticism==<br />
{{Multiple issues|{{Very long section|date=December 2024}}<br />
{{criticism section|section|date=December 2024}}|section=y}}<br />
The BMC has a history of corruption and incompetence, with several officials charged under [[Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988|Prevention of Corruption Act]] but never prosecuted.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/96-bmc-staffers-with-criminal-corruption-cases-reinstated-rti-101727465368443.html|title= 96 BMC staffers with criminal, corruption cases reinstated: RTI}}</ref><br />
<br />
The BMC has been criticized for corruption and incompetence over filling potholes on several major roads, besides not being able to build pothole free roads.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.timesnownews.com/mumbai/netizens-give-sholay-spin-to-mumbai-potholes-as-angry-residents-lash-out-at-bmc-over-damaged-roads-article-101984327|title= Netizens Give Sholay Spin to Mumbai Potholes as Angry Residents Lash Out at BMC over Damaged Roads|date= 20 July 2023}}</ref> Every year, shoddy work done by BMC has led to potholes appear and cause significant impact to traffic flow.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.timesnownews.com/mumbai/netizens-give-sholay-spin-to-mumbai-potholes-as-angry-residents-lash-out-at-bmc-over-damaged-roads-article-101984327|title= Shoddy repair of pothole-riddled roads frustrates residents of Bandra, Khar|date= 20 July 2023}}</ref> Despite requests by [[Greater Mumbai Police|Mumbai Police]] to tackle the issue, the BMC has repeatedly ignored them, forcing officers to take matters into their own hands. The police officers have been involved in this have received praise, who themselves have criticized the BMC for their lacklustre attitudes.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-kurla-traffic-police-fill-potholes-on-lbs-marg-after-repeated-bmc-requests-go-unanswered|title= Mumbai: Kurla Traffic Police Fill Potholes On LBS Marg After Repeated BMC Requests Go Unanswered}}</ref><br />
<br />
The BMC has been censured for not providing infrastructure for bicyclists, as well as demolishing existing tracks which were constructed "illegally".<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/bmc-starts-demolishing-portions-of-cycling-track-near-powai-lake-9-months-after-hc-order-8459230/|title= BMC starts demolishing portions of cycling track near Powai lake 9 months after HC order|date= 22 February 2023}}</ref> Due to insufficient infrastructure, bicyclists face severe safety hazards, as several citizens utilize bicycles for short commutes.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/dec/17/cycling-central-mumbai-traffic-india-megacity|title= 'Nobody cycles across Mumbai.' But why?|newspaper= The Guardian|date= 17 December 2014|last1= Mead|first1= Nick Van}}</ref> Furthermore, the BMC has collaborated with [[Mumbai Police]] to collect fines from bicyclists if riders are found pedaling on certain prohibited roads and flyovers within the city limits, which is illegal as bicyclists cannot be penalized under the [[Motor Vehicles Act]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cyclingguru.in/can-a-cyclist-run-a-red-light-in-india/#:~:text=As%20the%20Motor%20Vehicle%20Act,considered%20a%20vehicle%20in%20India.|title="Can a Cyclist Run a Red Light in India? [10 Basic Rules Explained]"|date=21 November 2021 }}</ref> <br />
<br />
Several officers of BMC have been involved in demanding bribes from the general public and have also been found to be drinking liquor on duty while misbehaving with the complainants and activists who come to get their issues resolved. Following several complaints, the anti-corruption bureau has been involved in trapping and booking several BMC officials for accepting bribes.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/bribes-premiums-bmcs-cash-cow-jack-up-home-rates/articleshow/104054717.cms|title= Bribes & premiums, BMC's cash cow, jack up home rates|newspaper= The Times of India|date= 30 September 2023}}</ref> The BMC has also faced flak and ire from residents for not taking action against hawkers and illegal encroachments in lieu of bribes collected by middlemen who cut deals with BMC officials on the behalf of these entities, which impacts safety of pedestrians as they are forced to walk on roads.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-news-ghatkopar-residents-to-launch-signature-campaign-against-bmcs-inaction-over-road-encroachments-by-hawkers|title= Mumbai News: Ghatkopar Residents To Launch Signature Campaign Against BMC's Inaction Over Road Encroachments By Hawkers}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 19 July 2017, [[RJ Malishka|Malishka Mendonsa]], a popular radio jockey of [[Red FM (India)|Red FM]], released a parody video on YouTube targeting BMC for incompetence in dealing potholed roads. In response to the video, the BMC and [[Shiv Sena]] slammed her and sent a notice for defamation with a penalty of Rs 10,000.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/rj-malishka-bmc-controversy-civic-body-slaps-fine-of-rs-10-000-on-the-radio-jockey-326363.html|title= RJ Malishka-BMC Controversy: Civic Body Slaps Fine Of Rs 10,000 On The Radio Jockey|date= 22 July 2017}}</ref> As a result of the notice, several political parties criticized the BMC and Shiv Sena for intolerance towards criticism, as 2 Shiv Sena corporators sent a notice of Rs. 500 cr (Rs. 5 billion) against the RJ and Red FM.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sena-slams-rj-parody-bmc-2015574|title= Sena slams RJ for parody on BMC}}</ref> Further, BMC Officials conducted checks at her residence and offices in an attempt to intimidate her. Then mayor [[Kishori Pednekar]] also came in crosshairs with the RJ for unfairly targeting the BMC for potholed roads.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/rj-faces-bmc-music-for-parody-on-bad-roads/articleshow/59674221.cms|title= RJ Faces BMC Music for parody on Bad Roads|newspaper= The Times of India|date= 20 July 2017}}</ref> Malishka made another parody video against the BMC and released it on 17 July 2018, describing the incapability and pathetic conditions of Mumbai's infrastructure in the monsoons.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/rj-malishka-new-rain-song-mumbai-geli-khadayat#read-more|title= RJ Malishka Takes a Dig at BMC Again in New Mumbai Rain Parody|date= 17 July 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
The BMC has faced ire from citizens as well as media personnel for serving the political elite on several occasions, especially the ruling party [[Shiv Sena]]. Following actress [[Kangana Ranaut]]'s criticism of [[Uddhav Thackeray]] and his Government for mishandling the [[death of Sushant Singh Rajput]] in September 2020, the BMC demolished a portion of her house on the orders of Shiv Sena leaders; following the demolishion, the [[Bombay High Court]] criticized the BMC and ruled in her favour, noting that BMC acted with malice and ordered the BMC to pay compensation to Ranaut.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bmc-malice-to-demolish-kangana-ranaut-bungalow-bombay-high-court-1744555-2020-11-27|title= BMC acted with malice to demolish Kangana Ranaut bungalow, must pay for damages, rules Bombay HC|date= 27 November 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]], the BMC allegedly granted contracts for procuring medical kits to Sujit Patkar, a close aid of Shiv Sena leader [[Sanjay Raut]], which led to investigation that uncovered a big scam.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/bmc-covid-scam-accuseds-assets-worth-12-cr-attached/articleshow/106196231.cms|title= BMC Covid scam: Accused's assets worth ₹12 cr attached|newspaper= The Times of India|date= 22 December 2023}}</ref> Former mayor [[Kishori Pednekar]] was also found to be involved in the scam.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/bmc-covid-scam-eow-books-former-mumbai-mayor-kishori-pednekar-others/articleshow/102447515.cms|title= BMC Covid 'scam': EOW books former Mumbai mayor Kishori Pednekar|newspaper= The Times of India|date= 5 August 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
The BMC has faced outrage and widespread condemnation for incompetence and negligence by the public and media during the reconstruction of Gokhale bridge. In February 2024, following completion of the construction, road users who started commuting on the bridge saw that there was a huge gap in linking the bridge to the Barfiwala Flyover - the previous bridge was linked to this flyover.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ndtv.com/mumbai-news/gokhale-bridge-barfiwala-flyover-andheri-bridge-too-far-meant-to-be-linked-2-mumbai-flyovers-have-a-6-foot-gap-5145079|title= "Long Jump?" Meant To Be Linked, 2 Mumbai Flyovers Have A 6-Foot Gap}}</ref> Following criticism and social media reels from the general citizens, the BMC issued a press statement and said that it never intended to connect the two flyovers in its first phase of reconstruction.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/barfiwala-flyover-gokhale-bridge-connection-was-meant-for-phase-2-101709579630773.html|title= Barfiwala flyover-Gokhale bridge connection was meant for Phase 2'|work= Hindustan Times|date= 5 March 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 13 May 2024, a large hoarding in Ghatkopar region collapsed on a fuel station, killing 17 and injuring 74. An investigation revealed that the hoarding was illegal, although it was approved by BMC engineers, which sparked accusations of corruption, bribery and incompetence.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/ghatkopar-hoarding-collapse-bmc-chief-summoned-for-questioning-investigation-intensifies/articleshow/111182675.cms|title= Ghatkopar hoarding collapse: BMC chief summoned for questioning|newspaper= The Times of India|date= 22 June 2024}}</ref> A special investigation team was appointed in the aftermath, which detained and charged the owner of the hoarding Bhavesh Bhinde and the BMC officials who approved it.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/ghatkopar-hoarding-collapse-sit-records-statement-of-bmc-officer-involved-in-the-case|title= Ghatkopar Hoarding Collapse: SIT Records Statement Of BMC Officer Involved In The Case}}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2025, the BMC faced massive protests from the Jain community, after a 90 year old Digambar Jain temple was allegedly demolished, when prayers were going on.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/jains-protest-bmc-bulldozing-temple-ward-officer-transferred-101745090096647.html|title= Jains protest BMC bulldozing temple; ward officer transferred}}</ref> The Bombay High Court intervened and put a stop order against further demolition, and the BMC transferred the ward officer for Vile-Parle, where the temple was located.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiatvnews.com/maharashtra/jain-temple-demolition-in-mumbai-bmc-transfers-ward-officer-navnath-ghadge-in-unauthorised-case-protest-march-latest-updates-2025-04-19-986357|title= Mumbai: BMC transfers ward officer in Jain temple demolition case as community protests}}</ref> Allegations of bribery were stated after a restaurant near the temple wanted to expand but was not able to do so due to restrictions.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.lokmattimes.com/national/vile-parle-jain-mandir-demolition-thousands-of-people-join-ahimsa-rally-demand-action-against-bmc-officials-watch-videos-a525/|title=Vile parle jain mandir demolition: thousands of people join ahimsa rally, demand action against BMC officials}}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 2026, the BMC was criticized for adding a musical lane on the Coastal Road by using rumble strips. Critics pointed out that the priorities of BMC should have been fixing critical infrastructure, as the city still grappled from potholes across various locations, along with other poor basic necessities, rather than spend resources on such costly beautification projects.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.freepressjournal.in/analysis/mumbai-needs-basic-infrastructure-not-costly-beautification-projects-like-musical-road-and-led-installations|title= Mumbai Needs Basic Infrastructure, Not Costly ‘Beautification’ Projects Like Musical Road And LED Installations}}</ref> The musical lane was also criticized for creating noise disturbance for residents living nearby.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/india/jai-ho-road-hits-a-wrong-note-mumbai-s-bmc-exploring-ways-to-reduce-sound-why/ar-AA1XNHrU?uxmode=ruby&apiversion=v2&domshim=1&noservercache=1&noservertelemetry=1&batchservertelemetry=1&renderwebcomponents=1&wcseo=1|title= Jai Ho road hits a 'wrong note': Mumbai's BMC exploring ways to reduce sound - why?}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Revenue==<br />
<br />
=== Revenue from taxes ===<br />
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.<br />
<br />
* Property tax.<br />
* Profession tax.<br />
* Entertainment tax.<br />
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.<br />
* Advertisement tax.<br />
<br />
=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===<br />
<br />
Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.<br />
<br />
* Water usage charges.<br />
* Fees from Documentation services.<br />
* Rent received from municipal property.<br />
* Funds from municipal bonds.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of urban local bodies in Maharashtra]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Mumbai topics}}<br />
{{Municipal Corporations in Maharashtra}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation| ]]<br />
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:1888 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1888]]<br />
[[Category:Government of Mumbai]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hapalioloemus_macheralis&diff=502022Hapalioloemus macheralis2026-03-13T09:01:19Z<p>Pureganics: made a biography!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Species of fly}}<br />
{{Speciesbox<br />
| image = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| genus = Hapalioloemus<br />
| species = macheralis<br />
| display_parents = 3<br />
| authority =[[Nikolay Ilyich Baranov|Baranov]], 1934<ref name="Baranov1934a">{{cite journal |last1=Baranov |first1=N |title=Neue Gattungen und Arten der orientalischen Raupenfliegen (Larvaevoridae) |journal=Encyclopédie Entomologique. Série B. Mémoires et Notes. II. Diptera |date=1934 |volume=7 |pages=160–165}}</ref><br />
| synonyms = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Hapalioloemus macheralis''''' is a species of [[fly]] in the family [[Tachinidae]].<ref name="OHara2020">{{cite web |last1=O’Hara |first1=James E. |last2=Henderson |first2=Shannon J. |first3=D. Monty |last3=Wood |title=Preliminary Checklist of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of the World|url=http://www.nadsdiptera.org/Tach/WorldTachs/Checklist/Tachchlist_ver2.1.pdf |website=Tachinidae Resources |access-date=21 August 2023 |date=5 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Mitra">{{cite web | url = http://zsi.gov.in/checklist/Indian%20Tachinid%20flies.pdf | title = Checklist Of Indian Tachinid Flies (Insecta: Diptera: Tachinidae) | first = Bulganin | last = Mitra | author2 = Sharma, R.M. | location = Jabalpur | pages = 1–18 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101217065706/http://zsi.gov.in/checklist/Indian%20Tachinid%20flies.pdf | archive-date = 2010-12-17 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
[[India]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5651548}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Flies of Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]<br />
[[Category:Taxa named by Nikolay Ilyich Baranov]]<br />
[[Category:Exoristinae]]<br />
[[Category:Insects described in 1944]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{goniini-stub}}</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2008_vote_of_confidence_in_the_Manmohan_Singh_ministry&diff=4822532008 vote of confidence in the Manmohan Singh ministry2026-03-12T13:27:27Z<p>Pureganics: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}<br />
[[Image:Manmohansingh04052007.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]]]]<br />
The [[United Progressive Alliance]] (UPA), the governing alliance in India [[2004 Indian general election|elected in 2004]], faced its first [[confidence vote]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] (the lower house of Parliament) on 22 July 2008 after the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]-led [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] withdrew support over India approaching the [[IAEA]] for the [[Indo-US nuclear deal]]. The vote was so crucial that the UPA and the opposition parties summoned MPs from their sick beds and even from prison cells to take part in the vote, which was eventually won by the Government.<ref name="Indian government survives vote ">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7519860.stm|title=Indian government survives vote |date=22 July 2008|publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-07-22| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080723001456/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7519860.stm| archivedate= 23 July 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Before the vote ==<br />
The following list indicates the official position of the political parties before the voting.<ref>{{cite news |last=Joshua |first=Anita |date=2008-06-12 |title=National : Small parties, independents in great demand |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/12/stories/2008071260391200.htm |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519184302/http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/12/stories/2008071260391200.htm |archivedate=2009-05-19 |accessdate=2009-05-03 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left valign=top|Votes for the Government<br />
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left valign=top|Votes against the Government<br />
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Undecided<br />
|-<br />
|[[United Progressive Alliance]] ('''226''')<br />
*[[Indian National Congress]] (153)<br />
*[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] (24)<br />
*[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (16)<br />
*[[Nationalist Congress Party]] (11)<br />
*[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] (6)<br />
*[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] (5)<br />
*[[Lok Jan Shakti Party]] (4)<br />
*[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (Breakaway) (2)<br />
*[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] (1)<br />
*[[Peoples Democratic Party (India)|People's Democratic Party]] (1)<br />
*[[Republican Party of India]] (1)<br />
*[[Sikkim Democratic Front]] (1)<br />
*[[Indian Union Muslim League]] (1)<br />
Others ('''42''')<br />
*[[Samajwadi Party]] (37)<br />
*[[Independent (politician)|Independent]] (3)<br />
*[[Bharatiya Navshakti Party]] (1)<br />
*[[National Loktantrik Party]] (1)<br />
<br />
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] ('''169''')<br />
*[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (130)<br />
*[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]] (12)<br />
*[[Biju Janata Dal]] (11)<br />
*[[Janata Dal (United)]] (8)<br />
*[[Shiromani Akali Dal]] (8)<br />
[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] ('''59''')<br />
*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (43)<br />
*[[Communist Party of India]] (10)<br />
*[[All India Forward Bloc]] (3)<br />
*[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]] (3)<br />
Left-Backed MPs ('''3''')<br />
*[[Kerala Congress]] (2)<br />
*[[Janata Dal (Secular)]] (1)<br />
*[[Independent (politician)|Independent]] (1)<br />
[[United National Progressive Alliance|UNPA]] ('''8''')<br />
*[[Telugu Desam Party]] (5)<br />
*[[Asom Gana Parishad]] (2)<br />
*[[Independent (politician)|Independent]] (1)<br />
Others ('''24''')<br />
*[[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (17)<br />
*[[Samajwadi Party]] (Breakaway) (2)<br />
*[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (2)<br />
*[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] (3)<br />
|Undecided ('''11''')<br />
*[[Mizo National Front]] (1)<br />
*[[Nagaland People's Front]] (1)<br />
*[[All India Trinamool Congress]] (1)<br />
*[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]] (3)<br />
*[[Janata Dal (Secular)]] (2)<br />
*[[Independent (politician)|Independent]] (1)<br />
*[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] (2)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''UPA and supporters:''' 268 MPs for the government <br /><br />
'''NDA and others:''' 263 MPs against the government <br /><br />
'''Undecided:''' 11 MPs <br /><br />
'''Non-voting:''' 1 MP<br />
<br />
== Voting ==<br />
<br />
In the 543 member Lok Sabha, the UPA needed 272 votes for the government to enjoy a simple majority.<ref>[http://164.100.47.134/newls/membershomepage.aspx Lok Sabha Members] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831102348/http://164.100.47.134/newls/membershomepage.aspx |date=31 August 2009 }} Lok Sabha</ref> The UPA won the confidence vote with 275 votes to the opposition's 256, (10 members abstained from the vote) to record a 19-vote victory.<ref name="Indian government survives confidence vote ">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/23/world/asia/23india.html?_r=1&ref=world&oref=slogin|title=Indian Government Survives Confidence Vote|date=23 July 2007|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|first=Somini|last=Sengupta|accessdate=2010-04-22|archive-date=22 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922173605/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/23/world/asia/23india.html?_r=1&ref=world&oref=slogin|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080725045845/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-07/23/content_8750775.htm Indian gov't wins trust vote in parliament] Xinhua</ref><ref>[http://epaper.kashmirtimes.com/Default.aspx?Id=2B4C6A6F716A4B336C52326F4A47673831396E464B4B79756E764678756A366352543255303869426648303D 275 not out]{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Kashmir Times</ref><ref>[http://in.ibtimes.com/articles/20080723/india-upa-nuclear-deal-trust-vote-confidence-motion-bjp-left-reform.htm Post trust vote victory, India Govt. to move forward with reforms, nuclear deal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921235035/http://in.ibtimes.com/articles/20080723/india-upa-nuclear-deal-trust-vote-confidence-motion-bjp-left-reform.htm |date=21 September 2008 }} International Business times</ref><br />
<br />
== Abstentions ==<br />
Ten members abstained from the voting despite some of them having received strict contrary instructions from their parties.<ref name="ht_abs">[http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/FullcoverageStoryPage.aspx?sectionName=&id=a78363f3-9f54-4f46-9da5-9fa0e4577ae8SinghisKing_Special&MatchID1=4735&TeamID1=8&TeamID2=6&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1194&PrimaryID=4735&Headline=Abstentions+and+cross-voting... Abstentions and cross-voting...]{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Hindustan Times</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gupta|first=Surojit|title=Government wins confidence vote|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-34626120080722|accessdate=5 December 2011|newspaper=Reuters|date=23 July 2008}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> <br />
Among the 10, 2 MPs followed their party decision of abstaining so as to not be seen as supporting the UPA or the BJP, Left led opposition. Those two were:<br />
*[[Trinamool Congress]]: [[Mamata Banerjee]] and<br />
*[[Mizo National Front]]: [[Vanlalzawma]].<br />
<br />
The other eight members who abstained defied their party stand. These eight were: <br />
*[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]: [[Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh]], [[Chandrabhan Singh]], [[Manorama Madhavaraj]], [[Kishan Lal Diler]] and [[Bahubhai Katara]]<br />
*[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]: [[Sukhdev Singh Libra]]<br />
*[[Janata Dal (United)]]: [[P.P. Koya]]<br />
*[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]: [[Tukaram Ganpatrao Renge Patil]]<br />
*[[Telugu Desam Party]]: [[D K Audikesavulu]]<br />
<br />
==Cross voting==<br />
<br />
The seven members of the UPA who cross-voted against the government were:<br />
*[[Samajwadi Party]]: [[Chaudhary Munawwar Hasan]], [[S.P. Singh Baghel]], [[Rajnarayan Budholiya]], [[Jai Prakash|Jaiprakash Rawat]], [[Ateeq Ahmed|Atiq Ahmed]] and [[Afzal Ansari]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20130125061233/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Agony-and-ecstasy-for-Amar-all-in-one-day/Article1-325843.aspx Agony and ecstasy for Amar, all in one day] Hindustan Times</ref><br />
*[[Indian National Congress]]: [[Kuldeep Bishnoi]]<ref name="et_21_MPs">[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/21_MPs_cross-voted_on_Tuesday/articleshow/3268020.cms 21 MPs cross-voted during Parliament trust motion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211165342/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/21_MPs_cross-voted_on_Tuesday/articleshow/3268020.cms |date=11 February 2021 }} Economic Times</ref><br />
<br />
Conversely, there were at least four members of the opposition who cross-voted in favour of the government proposal. These 4 were<ref name="et_21_MPs"/><br />
*[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]: [[Harising Nasaru Rathod]] and [[H.T. Sangliana]].<br />
*[[Biju Janata Dal]]: [[Hari Har Swain]]<br />
*[[Janata Dal (United)]]: [[Ramswaroop Prasad]]<br />
<br />
==Allegations of bribery==<br />
{{main|Notes-for-Vote scandal}}<br />
<br />
Three BJP MPs – [[Ashok Argal]] ([[Morena (Lok Sabha constituency)|Morena]]), [[Faggan Singh Kulaste]] ([[Mandla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandla]]) and [[Mahavir Bhagora]] ([[Salumber (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salumber]]) amidst discussion walked towards the Speaker [[Somnath Chatterjee]] and placed two brown and black leather bags on a table. They pulled out bundles of {{INRConvert|1000|nolink=yes}} and alleged that Samajwadi Party leader [[Amar Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Amar Singh]] had tried to offer them bribe to vote in favour of the government.<ref name="SINGH IS KING: UPA WINS TRUST VOTE" /> The BJP MP Kulaste, alleged that Amar Singh and Congress leader [[Ahmed Patel]], an aide to [[Sonia Gandhi]] tried to offer bribe of {{INRConvert|90|m|nolink=yes}} to remain absent from the confidence vote. Amar Singh denied the charges.<ref name="SINGH IS KING: UPA WINS TRUST VOTE">{{cite news|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/singh-is-king-upa-wins-trust-vote/69332-3-p1.html|title=SINGH IS KING: UPA WINS TRUST VOTE|date=22 July 2008|publisher=CNN IBN|accessdate=2008-07-22| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080725003751/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/singh-is-king-upa-wins-trust-vote/69332-3-p1.html| archivedate= 25 July 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> Speaker Somnath Chatterjee asked the police chief of New Delhi to investigate the bribery issue.<ref>[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5ipIyoGI9ajOiSEfU3B53Xnp0bkUw Indian PM celebrates vote win, says millions will benefit] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520152129/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5ipIyoGI9ajOiSEfU3B53Xnp0bkUw |date=20 May 2011 }} AFP</ref> Indian news channel ''[[CNN IBN]]'' which carried out the sting operation by recording using hidden cameras agreed to share the material with Indian authorities.<ref name=" CNN-IBN: ready to submit sting material to Speaker">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/23/stories/2008072360031200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725014033/http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/23/stories/2008072360031200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 July 2008|title= CNN-IBN: ready to submit sting material to Speaker|date=23 July 2008|location=Chennai, India|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]| accessdate= 4 August 2010 }}</ref> A joint parliamentary committee formed to investigate the issue submitted its report to the Lok Sabha on 15 December 2008, after finding no evidence for bribery against the MPs Amar Singh and Ahmad Patel, thereby exonerating them.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/parl-panel-exonerates-amar-singh-in-cashforvotes-scam/398692/ Parl panel exonerates Amar Singh in cash-for-votes scam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525081841/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/parl-panel-exonerates-amar-singh-in-cashforvotes-scam/398692/ |date=25 May 2009 }}. Retrieved 16 September 2010.</ref> In March 2011, a parliamentary panel recommended a formal investigation into the bribery allegations, following renewed scrutiny of the cash-for-votes scandal by opposition parties and media.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-03-22 |title=India cable 'authentic' - Assange |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12815000?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-07-02 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Expulsions ==<br />
As a result of not obeying the instructions issued by their political parties, many MPs were expelled as an aftermath of the vote.<br />
<br />
* The [[Speaker of Lok Sabha|speaker of the house]], [[Somnath Chatterjee]] of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) was expelled from his party on 23 July 2008.<br />
* The Bhartiya Janata Party expelled all its eight members who defied party guidelines by cross voting and abstentions during the vote of confidence. The leader of the party [[L. K. Advani]] also said that 22 July should go down as a black day in parliament history.<ref>{{cite web|title=BJP expels all rebel MPs who voted for UPA|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bjp-expels-all-rebel-mps-who-voted-for-upa/69407-3.html?xml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015172437/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bjp-expels-all-rebel-mps-who-voted-for-upa/69407-3.html?xml|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 October 2012| accessdate= 10 June 2011 }}</ref><br />
* The Telugu Desam Party has reported that disciplinary action against two of its MPs, [[D. K. Adikesavulu Naidu]] and M. Jagannadham, would be taken as they voted in support of UPA government,<ref name="TDP to take action against MPs who voted for UPA">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-07-23/india/27938556_1_trust-vote-disciplinary-action-mps|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021103416/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-07-23/india/27938556_1_trust-vote-disciplinary-action-mps|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 October 2012|title=TDP to take action against MPs who voted for UPA|date=23 July 2008|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=2008-07-23}}</ref> though there were reports of abstention by Adikeshavalu Naidu.<ref name="ht_abs" /><br />
* The Biju Janata Dal expelled its MP, Harihara Swain for voting in favour of government.<ref name="BJD, SAD cross-voters face expulsion">{{cite news|url=http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=14721640|title=BJD, SAD cross-voters face expulsion|date=23 July 2008|website=[[Sify]]|accessdate=2008-07-22| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080727095315/http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=14721640| archivedate= 27 July 2008 | url-status= dead}}</ref><br />
* The Shiromani Akali Dal has asked for an explanation from its MP who abstained from voting.<ref name="BJD, SAD cross-voters face expulsion" /><br />
<br />
==Animal sacrifice==<br />
* It was reported that the Samajwadi Party MLA from [[Lanji (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lanji]] Kishore Samrite sacrificed 319 animals – 302 goats, 17 buffaloes – in a 10-day-long [[yajna]] at [[Guwahati]]'s [[Kamakhya Temple|Kamakhya temple]] for appeasing the Goddess [[Kamakhya]] in order for UPA to win the trust vote. Samrite also offered another 'yajna' at [[Ugratara Devalaya|Ugratara temple]] in the city and sacrificed two buffalos there.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jul/29upavote1.htm|title=319 animals killed for UPA survival. Divinity?|accessdate=2008-07-29| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080801002957/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jul/29upavote1.htm| archivedate= 1 August 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> He spent about 17 lakh on the yajna, and self-confessed to have done it before several times, in distress.<br />
<br />
==External links to speeches==<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121023143615/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-07-22/india/27927772_1_astrologers-home-minister-shri-advani Dr. Manmohan Singh's speech]<br />
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090409220951/http://www.congressmedia.net/articles/ourleaders/pchidambaram/22jul2008.rst P.Chidambaram's speech]}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:2008 Lok Sabha Vote of Confidence}}<br />
[[Category:2008 in politics|Lok Sabha vote of confidence]]<br />
[[Category:2008 in Indian politics|Lok Sabha vote of confidence]]<br />
[[Category:Political history of India]]<br />
[[Category:14th Lok Sabha]]<br />
[[Category:Manmohan Singh administration]]<br />
[[Category:Votes of no confidence in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:July 2008 in India]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sherpur_Anandipur&diff=534892Sherpur Anandipur2026-03-10T00:51:46Z<p>Pureganics: Added new data basic info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Sherpur Anandipur<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = Village<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_map = Firozabad block Sherpur Anandipur.png<br />
| map_caption = Map showing Sherpur Anandipur in Firozabad block<br />
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|27.09909|N|78.45409|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/><br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 1.275<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 254<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/><br />
| demographics_type1 = <br />
| demographics1_title1 = <br />
| demographics1_info1 = <br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = <br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Sherpur Anandipur''' ({{IAST|Śerpur Ānandīpur}}) is a small village in [[Firozabad]] block of [[Firozabad district]], Uttar Pradesh. It is located southeast of Firozabad. As of 2011, it had a population of 254, in 35 households.<br />
<br />
== Geography ==<br />
Sherpur Anandipur is located southeast of Firozabad and is surrounded by level farmland on all sides.<!-- Survey of India map G44A8 --> Nearby villages include [[Ladupur Chakarpur]] to the northwest, [[Kharsoli]] to the southeast, and [[Matamai]] due south.<!-- Survey of India map G44A8 --> The hamlet of Nagla Datu is located to the northeast.<!-- Survey of India map G44A8 --><ref name="Survey of India map G44A8">{{cite map |author=[[Survey of India]] |title=Open Series Map No. G44A8 |date=2005 |scale=1:50,000 |type=[[Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system|Universal Transverse Mercator]] projection |edition=1st}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Demographics ==<br />
As of 2011, Sherpur Anandipur had a population of 254, in 35 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|126}} This population was 52.0% male (132) and 48.0% female (122).<!-- Census 2011 B, p. 110 --> The 0–6 age group numbered 63 (30 male and 33 female), making up 24.8% of the total population.<!-- Census 2011 B, p. 110 --> No residents were members of Scheduled Castes.<!-- Census 2011 B, p. 111 --><ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|110-1}}<br />
<br />
The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Sherpur Anandipur as having a population of 135 people (74 male and 61 female), in 18 households and 18 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|194-5}}<br />
<br />
The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Sherpur Anandipur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 76 people (38 male and 38 female), in 14 households and 10 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 315 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|xcvi}}<br />
<br />
== Infrastructure ==<br />
As of 2011, Sherpur Anandipur had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 126-7 --> Drinking water was provided by hand pump; there were no public toilets.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 128 --> The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 129, 31 --> Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 130 --><ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|126-31}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Firozabad district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nandanar_(1942_film)&diff=520292Nandanar (1942 film)2026-03-06T03:41:45Z<p>Pureganics: Created</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Nandanar <br /> நந்தனார்<br />
| image = Nandanar 1942 film.jpg<br />
| caption = Film Poster<br />
| director = Murugadasa (A. Muthuswamy Iyer)<br />
| producer = [[S. S. Vasan]]<br />
| writer = Ki. Ra. (K. Ramachandran)<br />
| based_on = {{based on|Musical Play ''Nandan Charithram''|Gopalkrishna Bharathiyar}}<br />
| screenplay = <br />
| story = <br />
| starring = [[M. M. Dandapani Desikar]] <br /> [[Serukalathur Sama]] <br /> [[Sundari Bai]] <br /> [[M. R. Swaminathan]] <br /> [[Ranjan (actor)|Ranjan]]<br />
| music = [[M. D. Parthasarathy]] <br /> [[S. Rajeswara Rao]]<br />
| cinematography = Sailen Bose<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-cinemas-bong-connection/articleshow/63873364.cms|title=Tamil cinema's Bong connection|author=Vamanan|author-link=Vamanan|date=23 April 2018|access-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180923110436/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-cinemas-bong-connection/articleshow/63873364.cms|archive-date=23 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> <br /> [[B. S. Ranga]]<br />
| editing = C. Panju <br /> N. R. Krishnamoorthy<br />
| studio = Gemini Studios<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|1942|09|20|ref1={{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=48}}|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = 142 minutes{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=48}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Nandanar''''' (தமிழ்: நந்தனார்) is 1942 [[India]]n [[Devotional prayer|devotional]] film, based on the Nandan, a low-[[Caste system in India|caste]] farmhand, and his deep devotion to Lord [[Nataraja]] of Chidambaram. Nandanar was a major success, in part because of an innovative prize scheme.<ref name="thehindu1"/><br />
<br />
The film was directed by Muruga Dossa<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiancine.ma/DPK/info/|title=Nandanar (Murugadasa) 1942 – Indiancine.ma|work=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> and produced by [[S. S. Vasan]] under his production company [[Gemini Studios]]. The film script was written by Ki. Ra. (Ki. Ramachandran), with music by [[M. D. Parthasarathy]] and [[S. Rajeswara Rao]]. Starring [[M. M. Dandapani Desikar]] (his played titled role) and [[Serukalathur Sama]] played lead role and M. R. Swamynathan, [[Sundari Bai]] and other played portraying supporting role.<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite web |author=Randor Guy |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/Nandanar-1942/article3022961.ece |title=todays paper - Nandanar 1942 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=30 May 2008 |access-date=2016-03-28}}</ref> Actor [[Ranjan (actor)|Ranjan]] appeared as Lord Shiva in one scene in the film.{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=49}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamilrasigan.com/nandanar-1942-tamil-movies-online-watch-free/|title=Nandanar ( 1942 ) Movie Watch Online|work=TamilRasigan.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
The story of Nandanar was told as a musical title by Gopalakrishna Bharathiyar's ''Nandan Charithram'' in the early 19th century. Bharathiyar's work was an immensely popular example of [[Harikatha]].<ref name="thehindu1" /><br />
<br />
This was the fifth series of films on Nandhanar made in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. The earlier versions were made in 1923 ([[Silent film|silent]]), 1930 ([[Sound film|talkie]]), 1935 (talkie) and in 1942. The most successful among these versions was made by [[Gemini Studios]] in 1942 with [[M. M. Dandapani Desikar]], a well known [[Carnatic musician]] with a melodious voice and one of the early singing stars who played the role Nandhan. Its concept was similar to [[Nandanar (1935 film)]] (also known as Bhaktha Nandanar), which starred [[K. B. Sundarambal]] as Nandhanar. Though earlier films on Nandhanar failed, this 1942 version was a huge commercial success. The film made an impact among the audience, especially among [[Harijan]]s (pariah), who were considered untouchable at that time.{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=49}}<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Nandan ([[M. M. Dandapani Desikar]]), a pariah ([[Untouchability|Untouchable]]) by caste, is a simple farmer. He is the bonded slave of Brahmin landlord Vediyar ([[Serukalathur Sama]]), who is an ardent devotee of [[Lord Shiva]] ([[Ranjan (actor)|Ranjan]]). Vediyar's assistant Jambu (Narayana Rao) treats the slaves badly. However, Vedhiyar has a soft corner for Nandan for his devotion and disciplined way of living. Nandan, who lives with his mother, prays to Lord Shiva all the time and propagates good living by praising the lord to his fellow villagers. Valluvan (M. R. Swaminathan), a priest at the village's Karuppuswamy temple, gets angry with Nandan's propaganda on Lord Shiva. When Valluvan and the villagers try to sacrifice goats at the local temple festival, Nandan stops them and convinces them that animals are also like human beings, so no God will demand animal sacrifice.<br />
<br />
Nandan explains the greatness of Lord Shiva; when other villagers want to see the lord, he takes them to have his Darshanam at [[Sivalokanathar Temple, Tirupunkur]]. Nandan and the villagers are grieved when the Nandi statue blocked the view of Lord Shiva there. Nandan sings in praise of the lord, the statue miraculously moves aside and Nandan and villagers get a [[Hindu philosophy|darshanam]] of the lord. The word spreads on the power of Nandan's prayer; more villagers join him and start chanting [[Lord Shiva]]'s name. Valluvan gets upset and complains to Vedhiyar about Nandan's behavior of converting the villagers and stopping the sacrifices. Vedhiyar calls Nandan and warns him to stop such activities.<br />
<br />
However, Nandan seeks Vedhiyar's permission to go to [[Chidambaram]] to see [[Thillai Nataraja Temple]] which is his long-cherished dream. Vedhiyar refuses and instead, forces him to work even more in the farm. Nandan works in the farm mechanically without even eating for many days with the hope of getting permission to go to [[Chidambaram]]. He keeps singing in praise of lord Nataraja, joined by other workers in the field. Finally, to put him in his place, Vedhiyar permits him go to Chithambaram with the condition that he can go only after cultivating the crop in 40 acres (veli) land. Nandan is shocked with his impossible condition and pleads with the landlord to reconsider. However, Vedhiyar refuses and insists that Nandan can go only after cultivating the entire vast area.<br />
<br />
Nandan gets dejected, chants Lord Shiva's name and faints. Lord Shiva comes to his rescue and cultivates the entire land overnight. Next day, this miracle in the village astonishes everyone. Vedhiyar realises his mistake, understands the power of Nandan's prayer, falls at his feet, seeks his forgiveness and allows him go to Chithambaram. Nandan goes to Chithambaram but remains outside the temple as, being an untouchable, he cannot enter it. At night, Lord Shiva appears in the dream of the Chithambaram temple priests and informs them that Nandan has come to see him, is waiting outside the town, and orders them to bring him to the temple. The priests locate Nandan and ask him to accompany them to the temple. When he is about to enter the temple, a few Brahmins in the gathering object to a pariah entering the sacred temple. The priests then decide to carry out the fire ritual by which Nandan has to go through fire to clear his pariah status. The sacred fire is prepared; Nandan goes around the fire, and with the lord's name on his lips, walks into the fire. He emerges from the fire with a new holy body, with sacred ashes smeared all over and the holy thread. He is taken inside the temple by the priests. He worships Lord Nataraja, then disappears and unifies with Lord. Nandan's prayers to be with [[Lord Shiva]] are finally answered.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
Cast according to the opening credits of the film:<br />
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}<br />
{{col-break|width=50%}}<br />
* [[M. M. Dandapani Desikar|Dhandapani Desikar]] as Nandan<br />
* [[Serukalathur Sama]] as Vedhiyar (Brahmin)<br />
* Narayana Rao as Jambu<br />
* M. R. Swaminathan as Valluvan<br />
* Velayutham as Minnidian<br />
* Appanna Iyengar as Mondhai<br />
* Krishnamoorthy as Pottai<br />
* [[Kothamangalam Subbu]] as Dikshitar<br />
* Kolathu Mani as Dikshitar<br />
{{col-break|width=50%}}<br />
* Ramasami Pillai as Great Old Man<br />
* Puliyoor Duraisami Iyer as Zealot<br />
* Rajam Iyengar as Mamundi<br />
* Gnanambal as Vedhiyar's (Brahmin's) Wife<br />
* Jayalakshmi Ammal as Nandan's Mother<br />
* Angamuthu as Vellachi<br />
* [[Sundari Bai]] as Karuppi<br />
* Sakku Bai as Heroine<br />
* [[Ranjan (actor)|Ranjan {{small|B.A., M.LiT.}}]] as Shiva Thandavam<br />
{{col-end}}<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Nandanar (1942 film)<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = M. D. Parthasarathy and Rajeswara Rao<br />
| cover =<br />
| border = yes<br />
| alt =<br />
| caption = TFM Take Off- The 1940s-page4<br />
| released = 1942<br />
| recorded = 1942<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = Sareegama<ref>{{cite web | url=http://saregama.com/album/nandanar_15470 | title=Nandanar - 31 December 1942 Download &#124; Nandanar - 31 December 1942 Movie Songs Download }}</ref> and [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]]<br />
| length =<br />
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br />
| label = Nandanar-1942-M. M. Dhandapani Desikar, Nandanar Song Menu card<br />
| producer = M. D. Parathasarathy and Rajeswara Rao<br />
| prev_title =<br />
| prev_year =<br />
| next_title =<br />
| next_year =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Music was composed by M. D. Parthasarathy and Rajeswara Rao. Lyrics were written by [[Papanasam Sivan]] and [[Kothamangalam Subbu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mio.to/album/Nandanar+(1942)|title=Nandanar 1942|access-date=2016-03-19|publisher=mio|archive-date=28 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728122306/http://mio.to/album/Nandanar+(1942)|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some of the original compositions of Gopalakishna Bharathiyar were used in the film. [[Papanasam Sivan]] composed one song in the film.{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=49}} The song "Sivaloga Nathanai Kandu" was composed (in raga "Nathanamakriya" and Bharathiyar composed it in Senjurutti), "Vazhi Marathirukirathey" (in raga "Thodi"), "Ellarum Varungal" (in raga Bilahari; Bharathiyar composed in Behag) and "Pitham Theyliya" (in raga "Sankarabharanam".<ref name="thehindu1"/> The songs "Sivaloka Nathanai", "Pirava Varam" and "Ananda Nadamidum" were based on ragas Mayamalavagowla, Lathangi and Kedaragowla respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2004/12/09/stories/2004120911930200.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2004-12-09|title=Life Chennai : Legendary singers and melodies}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sweet and sour Lathangi|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/sweet-and-sour-lathangi/article3661890.ece|website=The Hindu|date=20 July 2012|access-date=30 March 2016|last1=Mani|first1=Charulatha}}</ref> "Ayya Methakadinam"(raga Malika<ref>{{cite web|url=http://list.ly/list/HY-indian-film-songs-in-raga-malika|title=HY indian film songs in raga malika|access-date=2016-03-29|publisher=list}}</ref> Bharathiyar composed it in Punnaagavarali, "Varugalaamo" (Maanji) and "Chithambara Darisham" (raga in Mukhari and Bharathiyar composed it in Asveri).<ref name="thehindu1"/> [[S. S. Vasan]]'s demanding recording process made the best of Desikar's singing talents, but angered the star in the process.<ref name="thehindu1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://upperstall.com/profile/ss-vasan/|title=SS Vasan|work=Upperstall.com|date=26 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Kothamangalam Subbu Thiraiyisai Paadalgal|trans-title=Kothamangalam Subbu Film Songs|author=Lakshmi Ramachandran|language=Tamil|pages=37, 72, 73, 74, 135, 141, 144|publisher=Manivasagar Publishers, Chennai 108 (Ph:044 25361039). First edition September 2016}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! No !! Songs !! Singers !! Lyrics || Length(m:ss)<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || "Anandha Nadamedum" || || rowspan=21|Papanasam Sivan || 02:28<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || "Ellai Pidariyae" || ||<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || "Unaiyellar Kaathi Yaar" || [[Serukalathur Sama]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || "Thillai Ambala" || [[M. M. Dandapani Desikar]] & [[Serukalathur Sama]] || 01:56<br />
|-<br />
| 5 || "Paavi Paarayan" || rowspan=19|[[M. M. Dandapani Desikar]] || 02:40<br />
|-<br />
| 6 || "Enakkum Irangi" || <br />
|-<br />
| 7 || "Ellorum Varungal" || 01:11<br />
|-<br />
| 8 || "Kana Kann Vendumo" || 01:36<br />
|-<br />
| 9 || "Ulaganathan Thaalam" || <br />
|-<br />
| 10 || "Veeraadum" || 03:13<br />
|-<br />
| 11 || "Sivaloga Nathanai" || 03:07<br />
|-<br />
| 12 || "Sambo Sankara Samba" ||<br />
|-<br />
| 13 || "Varugalaamo Ayya" || 03:44<br />
|-<br />
| 14 || "Vara Vara Kettu Pochu" ||<br />
|-<br />
| 15 || "Jathiyillum Kidaiyaen" || 02:20<br />
|-<br />
| 16 || "Vazhi Marathirukkirathe" || 5:33<br />
|-<br />
| 17 || "Hara Hara Jagatheesa" || 02:03<br />
|-<br />
| 18 || "Piravaa Varam Tharum" || 01:53<br />
|-<br />
| 19 || "En Appanallavaa" || 01:49<br />
|-<br />
| 20 || "Piththam Theliya" || 02:44<br />
|-<br />
| 21 || "Ayyae Mettha Kadinam" || 03:14<br />
|-<br />
| 22 || "Kaamamagatriya" || rowspan=10|Kothamangalam Subbu || 02:22<br />
|-<br />
| 23 || "Ambala Paatte Arul Paattu" ||<br />
|-<br />
| 24 || "Kaakkavendum Kadavule" || || <br />
|-<br />
| 25 || "Manja Kulichavale" || ''Pottai'' Krishnamoorthy || <br />
|-<br />
| 26 || "Veeran Irulan Kaataeri" || M. D. Parthasarathy || <br />
|-<br />
| 27 || "Natta Nadavu Chezhikka Venum" || rowspan=3|Kothamangalam Subbu and group || <br />
|-<br />
| 28 || "Ellai Pidaariye" || <br />
|-<br />
| 29 || "Vara Vara Kettu Pochchu" || <br />
|-<br />
| 30 || "Uyarap Panai Mael Kalayam" || M. R. Swaminathan || <br />
|-<br />
| 31 || "Vandiyit Paaram Pottu" || M. S. Sundari Bai || <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
; Marketing <br />
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Nandanar 1942 marketing.jpg|322Kbpx|thumb|left|The poster is Gemini's Nandanar Song Price Contest]] --><br />
The film is based on a musical ''Nandan Charithram'' by Gopalakrishna Bharathiyar. Wellington theatre, where the film was released, was decorated like a temple and the Nandhi statue used in the film was kept inside the theatre. For many, coming to this film become an experience like visiting at [[Temple]]. [[S. S. Vasan]] well - known for the innovative marketing of his films, announced an unbelievable Rs. 10.000 prize song contest for Nandhanar. Moviegoers were asked to choose the three best songs in the order of merit and the drop the answer sheet along with counterfoil of the cinema ticket in a box provided at movie houses where the film was being screened. ''This was the first time such an innovative scheme was introduced in [[South Indian]] films''. Vasan had deposited the pre - chosen list of best three songs in a sealed envelope with Indian Bank at First Line Beach (now Rajaji Salai) well before the prize scheme was announced. Since the gramophone records of the film were not released (release after 100 days of the film), a person wishing to participate in the contest had to watch the film and submit his reply with the ticket counterfoil. This plan of [[S. S. Vasan]] contributed immensely to the box office success of the film. The contest drew huge crowds; 20 winners were selected and prize money was equality distributed among them by [[S. S. Vasan]].{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=49}}<ref name="thehindu1"/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Nandanar]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0245310}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book|last=Dhananjayan|first=G.|title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931 to 2013|year=2014|publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e07vBwAAQBAJ|isbn=978-93-84301-05-7}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://soundandshadow.blogspot.in/2011/10/nandanar-1935-film.html|title=nandanar 1935 film|date=9 October 2011|access-date=2016-03-29|publisher=soundandshadow}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://soundandshadow.blogspot.in/2011/10/gemini-studios-era.html|title=gemini studios era|date=8 October 2011|access-date=2016-03-29|publisher=soundandshadow}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://mayyam.com/talk/showthread.php?9329-TFM-Take-Off-The-1940s/page4|title=TFM Take Off The 1940s|access-date=2016-03-29|publisher=mayyam}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://vamananinsight.blogspot.in/2015_01_01_archive.html|title=2015 01 01 archive|access-date=2016-03-29|publisher=vamananinsight}}<br />
* {{cite book|title=Madras Studios: Narrative, Genre, and Ideology in Tamil Cinema |date=2015 |publisher=Sage Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AY_BrQEAAJ|isbn=978-9351501213|ref={{harvid|Madras Studios|2015}}}}<br />
<br />
{{Gemini Studios}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1942 films]]<br />
[[Category:1942 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1942 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian musical films]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu mythological films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu devotional films]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]<br />
[[Category:Indian religious epic films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on Indian folklore]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in 1942]]<br />
[[Category:Films about Hinduism]]<br />
[[Category:Gemini Studios films]]<br />
[[Category:1942 musical films]]<br />
[[Category:1940s biographical films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by M. D. Parthasarathy]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by S. Rajeswara Rao]]<br />
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Painter_Babu&diff=455882Painter Babu2026-03-03T23:56:03Z<p>Pureganics: expanded intro per sources and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Painter Babu<br />
| image = PainterBabuFilmPoster.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| native_name = <!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --><br />
| director = Ashok V. Bhushan<br />
| producer = [[Manoj Kumar]]<ref name=TOI>{{Cite web |title=Manoj Kumar gave first break to Meenakshi Sheshadri |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/Manoj-Kumar-gave-first-break-to-Meenakshi-Sheshadri/videoshow/46185339.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2021-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220211003/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/Manoj-Kumar-gave-first-break-to-Meenakshi-Sheshadri/videoshow/46185339.cms |archive-date=2015-12-20 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| writer = <br />
| screenplay = <br />
| story = <br />
| based_on = <!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --><br />
| starring = {{plainlist|<br />
* Rajiv Goswami<br />
*[[Meenakshi Sheshadri]] <br />
*[[Neelima Azeem]]<br />
}}<br />
| narrator = <br />
| music = Uttam-Jagdish<br />
| cinematography = <br />
| editing = <br />
| studio = <!-- or: | production_companies = --><br />
| distributor = <!-- or: | distributors = --><br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1983|05|31|India}}<br />
| runtime = 149 mins<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Painter Babu''''' is a [[List of Bollywood films of 1983|1983]] [[India]]n [[Hindi]]-language [[drama film]] directed by Ashok V. Bhushan, starring Rajiv Goswami, [[Meenakshi Sheshadri]] (debut) and [[Neelima]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heroines who ruled a million hearts in the '80s |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/heroines-who-ruled-million-hearts-in-the-80s-2881459/ |date=2016-06-28 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=2021-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518224552/http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/heroines-who-ruled-million-hearts-in-the-80s-2881459/ |archive-date=2018-05-18 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PAINTER BABU (1983) |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b753de80d |website=BFI |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] website|access-date=2021-12-17}}{{dead link|date=October 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Painter Babu |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/painter-babu/0-0-painterbabu |website=zee5.com |publisher=[[ZEE5]] |location=India |access-date=2021-12-17 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307010857/https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/painter-babu/0-0-painterbabu |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
*Rajib Goswami<ref name=TOI/> <br />
*[[Meenakshi Sheshadri]]<ref name=TOI/><br />
*[[Neelima]]<br />
*[[Rakesh Bedi]]<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
Uttam-Jagdish composed the music, to lyrics written by Manoj Kumar.<br />
<br />
# "Painter Babu I Love You" - [[Kishore Kumar]], Lata Mangeshkar<br />
# "Kab Talak Shama Jali Yaad Nahin" - [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Mahendra Kapoor]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|<br />
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Painter Babu (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Uttam Singh & Jagdish Khanna |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/painter-babu-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1329100757 |website=music.apple.com |publisher=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb title|tt0371058}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1983 films]]<br />
[[Category:1983 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian drama films]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mareyada_Deepavali&diff=458486Mareyada Deepavali2026-03-03T22:22:35Z<p>Pureganics: formatting fix</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{No plot|date=April 2024}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=April 2024}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Mareyada Deepavali<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| director = R. Sampath<br />
| screenplay = R. Sampath<br />
| story = [[Sivasankari]]<br />
| starring = [[Rajesh (Kannada actor)|Rajesh]] <br /> [[Kalpana (Kannada actress)|Kalpana]] <br /> [[R. N. Sudarshan]]<br />
| producer = M. Jagannath Rao<br />
| music = [[Vijaya Bhaskar]]<br />
| cinematography = R. Sampath<br />
| editing = B. Gopala Rao<br />
| studio = S V S Movies<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1972}}<br />
| runtime = 138 minutes<br />
| language = Kannada<br />
| country = India<br />
| budget = <!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Mareyada Deepavali''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಮರೆಯದ ದೀಪಾವಳಿ.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a 1972 [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama]] film directed by R. Sampath and produced by M. Jagannath Rao. The film starred [[Rajesh (Kannada actor)|Rajesh]], [[Kalpana (Kannada actress)|Kalpana]] and [[R. N. Sudarshan]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mareyada Deepavali (ಮರೆಯದ ದೀಪಾವಳಿ) |url=http://chiloka.com/movie/mareyada-deepavali-1972 |access-date=26 October 2016 |website=Chiloka}}</ref> It was adapted from the Tamil novel ''Thriveni Sangamam'' by [[Sivasankari]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=அசோக்குமார் |date=22 June 1980 |title=நாவல் படமான போது.. |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1980-06-22/kalki1980-06-22.pdf |access-date=10 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=60–62 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
* [[Rajesh (Kannada actor)|Rajesh]]<br />
* [[Kalpana (Kannada actress)|Kalpana]]<br />
* [[R. N. Sudarshan]]<br />
* [[Sampath (Kannada actor)|Sampath]]<br />
* [[K. S. Ashwath]]<br />
* Srilalitha<br />
* Baby Rani<br />
* Ramachandra Shastry<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The music was composed by [[Vijaya Bhaskar]] with lyrics by [[R. N. Jayagopal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mareyada Deepavali kannada film EP Vinyl Record 8427 by Vijayabhaskar |url=https://mossymart.com/product/mareyada-deepavali-kannada-film-ep-vinyl-record-8427-by-vijayabhaskar/ |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Jeevanave Sukha Payana<br />
| extra1 = [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[S. Janaki]]<br />
| length1 = 03:13<br />
| title2 = Chirayuvagu Kanda<br />
| extra2 = [[S. Janaki]]<br />
| length2 = 03:31<br />
| title3 = Amma Muddu Amma<br />
| extra3 = [[S. Janaki]], B. K. Sumithra<br />
| length3 = 03:27<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|1408046}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1972 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1972 Kannada-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1972 films]]<br />
[[Category:1972 romantic drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on Tamil novels]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Vijaya Bhaskar]]<br />
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{1970s-Kannada-film-stub}}</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaanchi_(2013_film)&diff=507201Kaanchi (2013 film)2026-03-03T20:43:55Z<p>Pureganics: made a page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Kaanchi<br />
| image = Kaanchi (2013 film).jpg<br />
| caption = Official poster<br />
| director = [[Jiyen Krishnakumar|G. N. Krishnakumar]]<br />
| producer = Haneef Muhammed<br />
| story = <br />
| writer = [[B. Jeyamohan]]<br />
| starring = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[Indrajith Sukumaran]] <br />
*[[Murali Gopy]] <br />
*[[Shine Tom Chacko]]<br />
*[[Archanna Guptaa]]<br />
}}<br />
| music = Ronnie Raphael<br />
| cinematography = Ravi Chandran<br />
| editing = Babu Rathnam<br />
| studio = <br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|10|4}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Kaanchi''''' ({{translation|Trigger}}) is a 2013 Indian Malayalam-language [[action drama film]] directed by [[Jiyen Krishnakumar|G. N. Krishnakumar]] and written by [[B. Jeyamohan]], starring [[Indrajith Sukumaran]], [[Murali Gopy]], [[Shine Tom Chacko]] and [[Archanna Guptaa]].<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
The film follows the life of grocery store owner Madhavan, who lock horns with a powerful businessman name Peringodan Narayanan, were a [[Revolver|revolver gun]] enters between there war.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/previews/kaanchi/articleshow/23465764.cms|title=Kaanchi - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
* [[Indrajith Sukumaran]] as Madhavan<br />
* [[Murali Gopy]] as Peringodan Narayanan<br />
* [[Archanna Guptaa]] as Gowri<br />
* [[P. Balachandran]] as Madhavan's father<br />
* [[Joy Mathew]] as Narayanan's arch rival<br />
* [[Shine Tom Chacko]] as Vijayan, Narayanan's brother<br />
* [[Chemban Vinod Jose]] as Perachan<br />
* [[Sathaar]] as Krishna Pillai<br />
* [[Sunil Sukhada]]<br />
* Krishnan Pattambi<br />
* [[Devi Ajith]] as Rukhmini<br />
* [[Sija Rose]] as Lakshmi<br />
* [[Sudheer Karamana]]<br />
* Soja Jolly<br />
* [[Renuka (actress)|Renuka]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Production ==<br />
Krishnakumar, who directed ''[[College Days (2010 film)|College Days]]'' (2010), directs this film. Indrajith, Murali Gopy, and [[Archanna Guptaa]] play the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/ahead-of-the-herd/article4787578.ece|title=Ahead of the herd|first=Saraswathy|last=Nagarajan|date=6 June 2013|work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/malayalam/indrajith-and-murali-gopi-in-kanchi/71292/story.htm|title=Indrajith and Murali Gopi in Kanchi|date=27 May 2013|website=NOWRUNNING}}</ref> The film is written by [[B. Jeyamohan]], who previously wrote ''[[Ozhimuri]]'' (2012).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/indrajith-murali-gopy-team-up-for-kaanchi/articleshow/19739874.cms|title=Indrajith, Murali Gopy team up for Kaanchi|newspaper=The Times of India|first=Sanjith|last=Sidhardhan|date=27 April 2013|accessdate=30 August 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Reception ==<br />
A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' wrote that "Kaanchi is like a cold glass of coffee that you find on your bedside as you get up on a cool morning. You can have it, but it won't give you any particular feeling. Decide on your own, if you want it or to go for some sparkling hot cup that will make you feel fresh!".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/kaanchi-review-malayalam-pcmbcbcaifibh.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121071711/https://www.sify.com/movies/kaanchi-review-malayalam-pcmbcbcaifibh.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 January 2022|title=Kaanchi|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Paresh Palincha of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' opined that "Kaanchi, despite its star duo of Indrajith and Murali Gopy, and a script by Jeyamohan, falls far short of expectations".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-kaanchi-falls-short-of-expectations/20131004.htm|title=Review: Kaanchi falls short of expectations|first=Paresh|last=Palicha|website=Rediff}}</ref> Aswin J Kumar of ''[[The Times of India]]'' stated that "Kaanchi even throws up moments where a gifted story-teller like Jeyamohan seems doubtful of his own plot, something that hinders the plot".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/kaanchi/movie-review/23602851.cms|title=Kaanchi Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Kaanchi by Times of India|work=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Box office==<br />
The film was a box office failure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/scenarist-and-actor-murali-gopy-on-his-upcoming-film-tiyaan/article19187641.ece|title='Tiyaan is a genre-bender that blurs time and space'|first=Saraswathy|last=Nagarajan|date=30 June 2017|work=The Hindu}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb title|3768502}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2013 films]]<br />
[[Category:2013 action drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]]<br />
[[Category:2013 Malayalam-language films]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edurinti_Mogudu_Pakkinti_Pellam&diff=448409Edurinti Mogudu Pakkinti Pellam2026-03-03T18:21:31Z<p>Pureganics: Content refreshed with new edits</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Edurinti Mogudu Pakkinti Pellam<br />
| image = Edurinti Mogudu Pakkinti Pellam.jpg<br />
| caption = DVD Cover<br />
| writer = Kaasi Viswanath &lt;br /&gt; Sankarmanchi Pardhasaradhi {{small|(dialogues)}}<br />
| story = Relangi Narasimha Rao &lt;br /&gt; Kaasi Viswanath<br />
| screenplay = Relangi Narasimha Rao<br />
| producer = Battina Venkata Krishna Reddy<br />
| director = [[Relangi Narasimha Rao]]<br />
| starring = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] &lt;br /&gt; Divyavani&lt;br/&gt;[[Baladitya (actor)|Master Baladitya]] <br />
| music = [[J. V. Raghavulu]]<br />
| cinematography = [[Nagendra Kumar Mothukuri|Nagendra Kumar M]]<br />
| editing = B. Krishnam Raju<br />
| studio = Sri Sai Madhavi Arts<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1991|08|30}}<br />
| runtime = 136 mins<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Edurinti Mogudu Pakkinti Pellam ''''' ({{translation|Opposite House Husband-Side House Wife / Neighboring Couple}}) is a 1991 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by [[Relangi Narasimha Rao]]. It stars [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], Divyavani, [[Baladitya (actor)|Master Baladitya]] and music composed by [[J. V. Raghavulu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cgi4ua_4b34|title= Edurinti Mogudu Pakkinti Pellam Telugu Full Length Movie|publisher= [[youtube.com]]|date= 28 Aug 2013|accessdate= 16 July 2015|archive-date= 23 March 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150323062300/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cgi4ua_4b34&amp;app=desktop|url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Battina Venkatakrishna Reddy produced it under the Sri Sai Madhavi Arts banner. Relangi Narasimha Rao later remade the film in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Edurmaneli Ganda Pakkadmaneli Hendthi]]'' (1992).<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
The film begins with a tightwad, Badhalabandee Vara Prasad / Bava, a municipal contractor who troubles everyone with greed. Jayalakshmi / Jaya, a spendthrift newly transferred municipal clerk, arrives with her naughty son Sridhar. Initially, Bava squabbles with the infant, who joins as his neighbor when he is startled to view Jaya and spins back. Seven years ago, Jaya used to reside with her sibling Nagamani &amp; brother-in-law Subbaiahlingam, associating with an attendant, Pullaiah. Nagamani fancies herself as a famous novelist and pesters with her heterogeneous scriptures. Bava joins as their tenant when Jaya is impressed by his magical intellect, and they wed without the acceptance of Bava's mother, Shantamma. From there, Jaya cannot tolerate her husband's tiresome parsimony, which makes Pullaiah insane. He, too, cannot afford her deluxe outgoings, and a rift arises, &amp; splits them when she is pregnant. <br />
<br />
Meanwhile, Sridhar, a greater pinchpenny than his father, solidifies the friendship with him being, unbeknownst, which agonies Jaya. Next, a new municipal commissioner, Usha Singhal, has been appointed, who speaks incoherent lingo of [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. Shantamma approaches his son after such long years and learns about the misfortune in his life. So, she gains a maid's post at Jaya since she cannot cut the cords and spends time with them. After a few comic scenes, Jaya takes a stab via Usha Singhal to rescind Bava's contract, but he proactively regains it. Bava approaches Jaya to exhibit his brilliance when she is conscious of her mother-in-law and pleads pardon. Plus, Sridhar also discerns regarding his parents. <br />
<br />
Now, Shantamma states imperfection is in the two and seeks Usha Singhal’s aid. Simultaneously, Bava hospitalizes slippings from steers. Whereat, Usha Singhal schemes by swapping his X-ray with a brain tumor when the doctors declare they must undergo surgery within 24 hours, for which {{INRConvert|100000}} is inevitable. Knowing it, Jaya rushes, igniting attachment in her. Hereupon, the two comprehend how treacherous &amp; essential money is. At last, Usha Singhal unveils a play done with their son to reform them. Finally, the movie ends happily with the family's reunion.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
*[[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as Badhalabandee Vara Prasad / Bava<br />
*Divyavani as Jayalakshmi<br />
*[[Suthi Velu]] as Subbaiahlingam<br />
*[[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]] as Pullayya<br />
*[[Babu Mohan]] as Peon Appa Rao<br />
*[[Raavi Kondala Rao]] as Manager <br />
*Kaasi Vishwanath as Doctor<br />
*[[Annapoorna (actress)|Annapurna]] as Shantamma, Bava's mother<br />
*[[Sri Lakshmi (actress)|Sri Lakshmi]] as writer Nagamani<br />
*Suryakala as Bala Kumari / Baku<br />
*[[Y. Vijaya]] as Municipal Commissioner Usha Singhal<br />
*[[Baladitya (actor)|Master Baladitya]] as Sridhar<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Edurinti Mogudu Pakkinti Pellam<br />
| type = film<br />
| artist = [[J. V. Raghavulu]]<br />
| cover = <br />
| released = 1991<br />
| recorded = <br />
| genre = Soundtrack<br />
| length = 21:23<br />
| label = Surya Music<br />
| producer = [[J. V. Raghavulu]]<br />
| prev_title = [[Iddaru Pellala Muddula Police]]<br />
| prev_year = 1991<br />
| next_title = [[Pellaniki Premalekha Priyuraliki Subhalekha]]<br />
| next_year = 1992<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Music composed by [[J. V. Raghavulu]]. Music released on Surya Music Company.<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| collapsed =<br />
| headline =<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 21:23<br />
| all_writing =<br />
| all_lyrics =<br />
| all_music =<br />
<br />
| title1 = Chingu Chingu Chitukku <br />
| lyrics1 = Jaladi<br />
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra|Chitra]]<br />
| length1 = 3:50<br />
<br />
| title2 = Le Le Letha <br />
| lyrics2 = Jaladi<br />
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra<br />
| length2 = 4:52<br />
<br />
| title3 = Kassu Bussu <br />
| lyrics3 = Pillasri<br />
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra <br />
| length3 = 3:43<br />
<br />
| title4 = Ek Do Teen <br />
| lyrics4 = Sahithi<br />
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra <br />
| length4 = 4:39<br />
<br />
| title5 = Dabbu Kharchu <br />
| lyrics5 = Sahithi<br />
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra<br />
| length5 = 4:19<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Other==<br />
* VCDs and DVDs on - SHALIMAR Video Company, [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0268279 }}<br />
<br />
{{Relangi Narasimha Rao}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:1991 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by J. V. Raghavulu]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]<br />
[[Category:1991 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1991 comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Relangi Narasimha Rao]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaalapatthar&diff=507190Kaalapatthar2026-03-03T12:12:05Z<p>Pureganics: made a entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{No plot|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Short description|2024 Indian action drama film}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Kaalapatthar<br />
| image = Kaalapatthar poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Vicky Varun]]<br />
| producer = {{Ubl| Bhuvan Suresh<br />
| Nagaraju Billinakote}}<br />
| writer = [[D. Satya Prakash]]<br />
| starring = {{plainlist|* Vicky Varun<br />
* [[Dhanya Ramkumar]]<br />
}}<br />
| music = [[J. Anoop Seelin]]<br />
| cinematography = Sandeep Kumar<br />
| editing = Deepu S. Kumar<br />
| studio = Bhuvan Movies<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{film date|2024|9|13|df=yes}}<br />
| runtime = 113 minutes<ref name=":TH" /><br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Kannada<br />
| budget = <!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--><br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Kaalapatthar''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[thriller drama]] film directed by [[Vicky Varun]] in his directorial debut. The film was produced by Bhuvan Suresh and Nagaraju Billinakote under the banner of Bhuvan Movies.<ref>{{cite news |title=Celebrities pour in appreciation for Vikky Varun's Kalapatthar |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2024/Sep/24/celebrities-pour-in-appreciation-for-vikky-varuns-kalapatthar |work=Cinema Express |date=24 September 2024 |language=en |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925143050/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2024/Sep/24/celebrities-pour-in-appreciation-for-vikky-varuns-kalapatthar |url-status=live}}</ref> The film stars [[Vicky Varun]] and [[Dhanya Ramkumar]], alongside [[T. S. Nagabharana]], [[Achyuth Kumar]], and Sampath Maitreya in supporting roles.<ref name=":CE" /><br />
<br />
The film was released theatrically on 13 September 2024<ref>{{cite news |title=Kaala Patthar Movie: ಕಾಲಾಪತ್ಥರ್ ಟ್ರೇಲರ್ಗೆ ಶಿವಣ್ಣ ಸಾಥ್ |url=https://m.udayavani.com/article/kaala-patthar-upcoming-kannada-movie/1700830 |work=[[Udayavani]] |date=10 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913164012/https://m.udayavani.com/article/kaala-patthar-upcoming-kannada-movie/1700830 |url-status=live}}</ref> to positive reviews from critics.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
* [[Vicky Varun]] as Shankara<br />
* [[Dhanya Ramkumar]] as Ganga<br />
* [[T. S. Nagabharana]]<br />
* [[Achyuth Kumar]] <br />
* Sampath Maitreya<br />
* [[Rajesh Nataranga]]<br />
* Galli Nata<br />
* Basu Hiremath<br />
* Kanthraj Kaddipudi<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
=== Development ===<br />
The film was written by [[D. Satya Prakash]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Dual role - Bangalore Mirror |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/dual-role/articleshow/104168420.cms |work=The Times of India |date=5 October 2023 |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007042914/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/dual-role/amp_articleshow/104168420.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":TSF" /> In January 2021, the project was announced with newcomer Chethan as director and Apoorva,<ref>{{cite news |title=ವಿಕ್ಕಿ ವರುಣ್ ನಟನೆಯ 'ಕಾಲಾಪತ್ಥರ್' ಸಿನಿಮಾಗೆ ಅಪೂರ್ವಾ ನಾಯಕಿ! ಮೈಸೂರು ಬೆಡಗಿಗೆ ಹೊಸ ಆಫರ್ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/actress-apoorva-to-play-lead-role-in-vikky-varun-starrer-kaala-patthar-kannada-movie/articleshow/81148574.cms |work=[[Vijaya Karnataka]] |date=22 February 2021 |language=kn |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925143050/https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/actress-apoorva-to-play-lead-role-in-vikky-varun-starrer-kaala-patthar-kannada-movie/amp_articleshow/81148574.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> who debuted in the 2016 film ''[[Apoorva (2016 film)|Apoorva]]'',<ref>{{cite news |title=Apoorva teams up with Vikky Varun for Kaala Paathar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/apoorva-teams-up-with-vikky-varun-for-kaala-paathar/articleshow/80343395.cms |work=The Times of India |date=19 January 2021 |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925143056/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/apoorva-teams-up-with-vikky-varun-for-kaala-paathar/amp_articleshow/80343395.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Vicky Varun]] as the lead actors.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vikky Varun beefs up for his new role in Kaala Patthar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/vikky-varun-beefs-up-for-his-new-role-in-kaala-patthar/articleshow/80313398.cms |work=The Times of India |date=18 January 2021 |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925143120/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/vikky-varun-beefs-up-for-his-new-role-in-kaala-patthar/amp_articleshow/80313398.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> However, due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]], the film was temporarily shelved. Following the pandemic's easing, Vicky Varun took over as director,<ref name=":TSF">{{cite news |last1=M |first1=Shashiprasad S. |title=Our 'Kala Patthar' has no connection with Big B's film or the mountain in Nepal, says Vikky Varun |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/our-kala-patthar-has-no-connection-with-big-b-film-or-nepal-vikky-varun/ |work=The South First |date=14 February 2023 |language=en |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925143159/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/our-kala-patthar-has-no-connection-with-big-b-film-or-nepal-vikky-varun/ |url-status=live}}</ref> leveraging his experience as an assistant director under [[Duniya Suri]] and [[Yogaraj Bhat]].<ref>{{cite news |title=My journey from being an assistant director to headlining my own film has been incredible |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Sep/11/my-journey-from-being-an-assistant-director-to-headlining-my-own-film-has-been-incredible |work=The New Indian Express |date=11 September 2024 |language=en |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=12 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912045720/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Sep/11/my-journey-from-being-an-assistant-director-to-headlining-my-own-film-has-been-incredible |url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2022, Vicky narrated the story to [[Dhanya Ramkumar]], who made her debut as a lead actress in ''[[Ninna Sanihake]]'', and she subsequently joined the project.<ref>{{cite news |title='ಅಣ್ಣಾವ್ರ ಮೊಮ್ಮಗಳು ಎಂದು ವಿಜಯಪುರದ ಜನ ಪ್ರೀತಿಯಿಂದ ನೋಡಿಕೊಂಡರು'- ಧನ್ಯಾ ರಾಮ್ಕುಮಾರ್ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/dhanya-ramkumar-plays-female-lead-in-vikky-varuns-kaala-patthar-kannada-movie/articleshow/91118683.cms |work=[[Vijaya Karnataka]] |date=27 April 2022 |language=kn |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925143051/https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/dhanya-ramkumar-plays-female-lead-in-vikky-varuns-kaala-patthar-kannada-movie/amp_articleshow/91118683.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> The film's crew officially announced her involvement in February 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dhanya Ramkumar to play the female lead in Kaala Patthar |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/Feb/12/dhanya-ramkumar-to-play-the-female-lead-in-kaala-patthar-2418316.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=10 February 2022 |language=en |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925143053/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/videos/videos-nation/2024/Sep/25/narendra-modi-govt-wants-to-finish-waqf-board-asaduddin-owaisi |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Dhanya Ramkumar to be seen next in Vikky Varun's Kaala Patthar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/dhanya-ramkumar-to-be-seen-next-in-vikky-varuns-kaala-patthar/articleshow/89539824.cms |work=The Times of India |date=13 February 2022 |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925143052/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/dhanya-ramkumar-to-be-seen-next-in-vikky-varuns-kaala-patthar/amp_articleshow/89539824.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Dhanya Ramkumar played the lead role of Ganga, a village girl, replacing Apoorva.<ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Even if it's one film a year, it should have quality. That's my aim: Dhanya Ramkumar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/exclusive-even-if-its-one-film-a-year-it-should-have-quality-thats-my-aim-dhanya-ramkumar/articleshow/91099680.cms |work=The Times of India |date=27 April 2022 |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=13 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513162348/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/exclusive-even-if-its-one-film-a-year-it-should-have-quality-thats-my-aim-dhanya-ramkumar/amp_articleshow/91099680.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='ಕಾಲಾಪತ್ಥರ್' ಸಿನಿಮಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಹಳ್ಳಿ ಹುಡುಗಿಯಾದ ಧನ್ಯಾ ರಾಮ್ಕುಮಾರ್; ಇಲ್ಲಿವೆ ಫೋಟೋಗಳು |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/vk-gallery/cinema/dhanya-ramkumar-plays-village-girl-role-in-kaala-patthar-movie/amp_photoshow/93349798.cms |work=[[Vijaya Karnataka]] |date=4 August 2022 |language=kn |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=4 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804165054/https://vijaykarnataka.com/vk-gallery/cinema/dhanya-ramkumar-plays-village-girl-role-in-kaala-patthar-movie/amp_photoshow/93349798.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Filming ===<br />
Principal photography took place in various locations across Karnataka, primarily in [[Jainapur]] village, [[Bijapur district, Karnataka|Bijapur]] district.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vikky Varun's 'Kaalapatthar' To Release On September 13 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/vikky-varun-s-kaalapatthar-to-release-on-september-13-article-112769213 |work=Times Now |date=24 August 2024 |language=en |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=11 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911095313/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/vikky-varun-s-kaalapatthar-to-release-on-september-13-article-112769213 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":TSF" /> A few portions were shot in [[Kashmir]] and [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Kaalapatthar delves into a soldier's world: Vikky Varun |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kaalapatthar-delves-into-a-soldiers-world-vikky-varun/articleshow/113289920.cms |work=The Times of India |date=13 September 2024}}</ref> On 23 April 2022, it was reported that the talkie portions of the film were completed.<ref>{{cite news |title='ಕಾಲಾಪತ್ಥರ್'ನಿಂದ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕನ ಕ್ಯಾಪ್ ತೊಟ್ಟ ಕೆಂಡ ಸಂಪಿಗೆ ಹುಡುಗ |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kannada/karnataka/entertainment/tv-and-theater/actor-vicky-varun-directed-new-movie-kaala-patthar-first-look-poster-release/ka20220423142952004004887 |work=[[ETV Kannada|ETV Bharat News]] |date=23 April 2022 |language=kn |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925143604/https://www.etvbharat.com/amp/kannada/karnataka/entertainment/tv-and-theater/actor-vicky-varun-directed-new-movie-kaala-patthar-first-look-poster-release/ka20220423142952004004887 |url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, filming for the songs commenced on 16 August 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dhanya Ramkumar wants to follow late uncle Puneeth Rajkumar's advice |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/dhanya-ramkumar-wants-to-follow-late-uncle-puneeth-rajkumars-advice/articleshow/93373319.cms |work=The Times of India |date=5 August 2022 |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=6 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806210242/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/dhanya-ramkumar-wants-to-follow-late-uncle-puneeth-rajkumars-advice/articleshow/93373319.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Kaalapatthar<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[J. Anoop Seelin]]<br />
| cover = <br />
| alt = <br />
| released = 2024<br />
| recorded = <br />
| venue = <br />
| studio = <br />
| genre = Feature film soundtrack<br />
| length = 10:11<br />
| language = Kannada<br />
| label = A2 Music<br />
| producer = J. Anoop Seelin<br />
| chronology = [[J. Anoop Seelin]]<br />
| prev_title = [[Mafia (2024 film)|Mafia]]<br />
| prev_year = 2024<br />
| next_title = <br />
| next_year = <br />
| misc = <br />
}}<br />
The soundtrack was composed by [[J. Anoop Seelin]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Gorukana Gaana (From "Kaalapatthar") Kannada Song by Anoop Seelin |url=https://gaana.com/album/gorukana-gaana-from-kaalapatthar |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=25 September 2024 |language=en |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925143604/https://gaana.com/album/gorukana-gaana-from-kaalapatthar |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nanna Vihaara (From "Kaalapatthar") (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) (Full Song) - Sai Vignesh, Aishwarya Rangarajan |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/nanna-vihaara-from-kaalapatthar-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/BDE8WSZ-RwI |website=[[JioSaavn]] |access-date=25 September 2024 |date=5 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925143606/https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/nanna-vihaara-from-kaalapatthar-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/BDE8WSZ-RwI |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Baandli Stove-u (From "Kaalapatthar") Kannada Song by J. Anoop Seelin |url=https://gaana.com/album/baandli-stove-u-from-kaalapatthar |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=25 September 2024 |language=en |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925143605/https://gaana.com/album/baandli-stove-u-from-kaalapatthar |url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack features songs written by [[V. Nagendra Prasad]] and Pramod Maravanthe.<ref>{{cite news |title=Music Director Anoop Seelin Releases Kannada Film Kaalapatthar's Soundtrack |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/music-director-anoop-seelin-releases-kannada-film-kaalapatthars-soundtrack-8569272.html |work=News18 |date=8 September 2023 |language=en |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925143606/https://www.news18.com/amp/movies/music-director-anoop-seelin-releases-kannada-film-kaalapatthars-soundtrack-8569272.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Song for stove - Bangalore Mirror |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/song-for-stove/articleshow/113001419.cms |work=The Times of India |date=3 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925143610/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/song-for-stove/amp_articleshow/113001419.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Gorukana Gaana<br />
| length1 = 3:24<br />
| extra1 = Shivani Naveen, Jyothi Vyasraj, Manasa Holla, Harsha Ranjini<br />
| lyrics1 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]<br />
| title2 = Nanna Vihaara<br />
| length2 = 3:17<br />
| extra2 = [[Sai Vignesh]]<br />
| lyrics2 = Pramod Maravanthe<br />
| title3 = Kaalapatthar<br />
| length3 = {{mdash}}<br />
| extra3 = Abhishek M R<br />
| lyrics3 = Pramod Maravanthe<br />
| title4 = Maatade Tangaali<br />
| length4 = {{mdash}}<br />
| extra4 = Siddhartha Belmannu<br />
| lyrics4 = Pramod Maravanthe<br />
| title5 = Bandli Stove<br />
| length5 = 3:30<br />
| extra5 = [[Vijay Prakash]]<br />
| lyrics5 = Pramod Maravanthe<br />
| total_length = 10:11<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
The film was released theatrically on 13 September 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vikky Varun's directorial debut 'Kaalapatthar' locks release date |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Aug/31/vikky-varuns-directorial-debut-kaalapatthar-locks-release-date |work=The New Indian Express |date=31 August 2024 |language=en |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925143615/https://gum.criteo.com/syncframe?origin=publishertagids&topUrl=www.newindianexpress.com&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent= |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
Sridevi S of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film three-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "Both story and screenplay are tight, but towards the end, the movie probably needed a banger scene, just to elevate the commercial experience. Songs have been placed well, adding to the storyline instead of being yet another standalone."<ref>{{cite news |title=KaalaPatthar Movie Review : Kaalapatthar review: A realistic take on human emotions, sculpted to perfection |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kaalapatthar/movie-review/113323295.cms |work=The Times of India |date=13 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925143613/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kaalapatthar/movie-review/113323295.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Shashiprasad SM of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave it three-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "A thriller of a kind with a unique story and storytelling, ''Kaalapatthar'' offers a fresh experience to the audience."<ref>{{cite news |title=Kaalapatthar Movie Review: Carved To Perfection, A Story Rich In Realism |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/kaalapatthar-movie-review-carved-to-perfection-a-story-rich-in-realism-review-113314656/amp |work=Times Now |date=13 September 2024 |language=en |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913093737/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/kaalapatthar-movie-review-carved-to-perfection-a-story-rich-in-realism-review-113314656/amp |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sunayana Suresh of ''The South First'' gave it three out of five stars and wrote, "''Kaalapatthar'' is a quirky film that is different from the regular underworld-based commercial fare and that itself is its biggest merit. The bonus is that it manages to entertain the audience decently."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Suresh |first1=Sunayana |title=Kaalapatthar review: Vikky Varun shows promise as a filmmaker with a quirky story |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/kannada/kaalapatthar-movie-review/ |work=The South First |date=13 September 2024 |language=en |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913131422/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/kannada/kaalapatthar-movie-review/ |url-status=live}}</ref> A. Sharadhaa of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave the film a positive review and wrote that "Despite its strengths, the film encounters some hurdles, particularly in its portrayal of Shankara's inner turmoil. The buildup to his obsession feels somewhat underdeveloped, missing an opportunity to heighten the dramatic tension."<ref name=":CE">{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=Kaalapatthar Movie Review: Reflects deep human connections and honours the legacy of Dr Rajkumar |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2024/Sep/13/kaalapatthar-movie-review-reflects-deep-human-connections-and-honours-the-legacy-of-dr-rajkumar |work=Cinema Express |date=4 September 2024 |language=en |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925144141/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/amp/story/kannada/review/2024/Sep/13/kaalapatthar-movie-review-reflects-deep-human-connections-and-honours-the-legacy-of-dr-rajkumar |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Vivek M. V. of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that "The film jumps from one conflict to another without a break, and you get the feeling that it ends without a bang. The transitions in the screenplay seem too quick, giving us less time to process the twists in the movie. Yet, the film’s story, as a whole, is rock solid."<ref name=":TH">{{cite news |last1=M.V |first1=Vivek |title='Kaalapatthar' movie review: An interesting take on the politics of statues |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kaalapatthar-movie-review-an-interesting-take-on-the-politics-of-statues/article68638319.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=13 September 2024 |language=en-IN |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925144215/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kaalapatthar-movie-review-an-interesting-take-on-the-politics-of-statues/article68638319.ece/amp/ |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|tt14142772}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2024 action drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 directorial debut films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 Kannada-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Rajasthan]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=IIT_Hyderabad&diff=447661IIT Hyderabad2026-02-28T16:46:23Z<p>Pureganics: clean up</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Research institute in Hyderabad, India}}<br />
{{distinguish|IIIT Hyderabad}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox university<br />
| name = Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad<br />
| image = IIT Hyderabad Insignia.svg<br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| image_upright = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| latin_name = <br />
| motto = <br />
| motto_lang = Telugu<br />
| mottoeng = Innovating and Inventing in Technology for Humanity<br />
| top_free_label = <!-- up to |top_free_label2= --><br />
| top_free = <!-- up to |top_free2= --><br />
| type = [[Public university|Public]] [[Technical University]]<br />
| established = {{Start date and age|2008}}<br />
| closed = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --><br />
| founder = [[Ministry of Education (India)|Ministry of Education]], [[Government of India]]<br />
| parent = <br />
| accreditation = <br />
| affiliation = <br />
| religious_affiliation = <br />
| academic_affiliation = {{hlist|[[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]] |[[Ministry of Education (India)|MoE]] |[[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]}}<br />
| endowment = <br />
| budget = {{INRConvert|300|c|lk=on}}<br/>(2023-2024)<br />
| officer_in_charge = <br />
| chair = <br />
| chairman = [[B. V. R. Mohan Reddy]]<br />
| chairperson = <br />
| visitor = <br />
| chancellor = <br />
| president = <br />
| vice_president = <br />
| superintendent = <br />
| vice_chancellor = <br />
| provost = <br />
| rector = <br />
| principal = <br />
| director = [[Budaraju Srinivasa Murty]]<br />
| academic_staff = 306 <ref name=nirf_stud>{{cite web |title=NIRF 2024 |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2024/pdf/Overall/IR-O-U-0013.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Education}}</ref><br />
| students = 3,946 <ref name=nirf_stud/><br />
| undergrad = 1,759 <ref name=nirf_stud/><br />
| postgrad = 1,029 <ref name=nirf_stud/><br />
| doctoral = 1,158 <ref name=nirf_stud/><br />
| other_students = <!-- or |other= --><br />
| address = [[Kandi, Sangareddy|Kandi Village]] and [[Mandal]]<br />
| city = [[Sangareddy]], [[Sangareddy district]]<br />
| state = [[Telangana]]<br />
| province = <br />
| country = [[India]] {{Flagicon|India}}<br />
| postalcode = 502285<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|17.596188|N|78.125242|E|type:edu|format=dms|display=inline}}<br />
| campus_type = [[Rural]]<br />
| campus_size = {{Convert|576|acre|km2}}<br />
| language = [[English language|English]]<br />
| nickname = IITian<br />
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| website = {{URL|www.iith.ac.in|IIT-Hyderabad}}<br />
| logo = [[File:IIT Hyderabad Logo.png|275px]]<br />
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<br />
The ''' Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad''' ('''IIT Hyderabad''' or '''IITH''') is a [[Public university|public]] [[university|technical university]] located in Kandi near the [[Sangareddy district]] in the Indian state of [[Telangana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/girls-make-up-26-of-new-entrants-at-4-southern-iits-above-natl-avg-of-20/articleshow/105172297.cms|title=Girls make up 26% of new entrants at 4 southern IITs, above national average of 20% |website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> As with all [[Indian Institutes of Technology]] (IITs), IIT Hyderabad is an [[Institutes of National Importance|Institute of National Importance]]. <br />
[[File:IIT Hyderabad.png|thumb|IIT Hyderabad]]<br />
[[File:IIT(Hyderabad).jpg|thumb|IIT Hyderabad]]<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{Main|History of Indian Institutes of Technology}}<br />
<br />
IIT Hyderabad was established by the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Ministry of Education]], Government of India under the [[Institutes of Technology Act|Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Act, 2011]]. The Act was passed in the [[Lok Sabha]] on 24 March 2011<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.deccanherald.com/content/148456/ls-passes-bill-provide-iit.html |title=LS passes bill to provide IIT status to 8 institutes, BHU |work=deccanherald.com |date=24 March 2011 |access-date=9 May 2011}}</ref> and by the [[Rajya Sabha]] on 30 April 2012.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/parliament-passes-iit-bill-100682-2012-04-29 |title=Parliament passes IIT bill |work=ThetimesofIndia.com |date=30 April 2012 |access-date=30 April 2012}}</ref> It was set up in technical and financial assistance from [[Government of Japan]].<br />
<br />
IIT Hyderabad began functioning on 18 August 2008 from a temporary campus in [[Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited]], with [[U. B. Desai|Prof. U. B. Desai]] as the founding director. In July 2015, it moved to its ~600-acre permanent campus at Kandi, [[Sangareddy]]. At present, Prof B S Murty is the Director of IIT Hyderabad. It is close to the [[Outer Ring Road (Hyderabad)|outer ring road]]<ref>{{cite news<br />
| title=Sonia lays foundation stone for Medak IIT campus<br />
| url=http://www.hindu.com/holnus/004200902271812.htm<br />
| date=28 February 2009<br />
| work=The Hindu<br />
| location=Chennai, India<br />
| access-date=26 June 2010<br />
| archive-date=6 November 2012<br />
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106052736/http://www.hindu.com/holnus/004200902271812.htm<br />
| url-status=dead<br />
}}</ref> and located on [[National Highway 65 (India)|NH-65]].<br />
<br />
==Campus==<br />
The IITH campus is on a land area of 576 acres (234 ha). IIT Hyderabad is around 15&nbsp;km from the Outer Ring Road and is very accessible using both private and public transport. The academic building is designed by New Delhi-based ARCOP, and hostels, Lecture Hall, and academic departments by Pune-based acclaimed American architect [[Christopher Charles Benninger|Prof. Christopher Charles Benninger]]. This organic campus is divided into clusters of buildings being completed in phases starting in 2011. The campus is one of India's best examples of [[Efficient energy use|energy efficient]], [[carbon neutral]] and [[sustainable architecture]]. The design grew out of local weather conditions and utmost care to enhance learning. The graduate and post-graduate programs are separated, student and teacher housing is divided, and girls' and boys' hostels are segregated for a [[Epistemological pluralism|pluralistic environment]].<br />
<br />
The 25 lakh square feet of buildings in Phase 1A; 3 academic blocks and 10 functioning hostel buildings (each with a capacity of 200) were completed in March 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.iith.ac.in/campus_map.html |title= IIT Hyderabad &#124; Campus Map |work= iith.ac.in |access-date= 21 June 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110721151512/http://www.iith.ac.in/campus_map.html |archive-date= 21 July 2011 |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name="ref-128491060">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/iith-smart-campus-to-be-ready-by-next-academic-year/article5335215.ece|title=IIT-H smart campus to be ready by next academic year|work=The Hindu|access-date=2014-01-25|location=Chennai, India|first=R.|last=Avadhani|date=10 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="ref-91130216">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/IIT-Hyderabad-to-shift-to-permanent-campus-by-July-next-year/articleshow/21751878.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819024307/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-11/news/41294299_1_telangana-state-new-campus-iit-hyderabad|url-status=live|archive-date=2013-08-19|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=IIT-Hyderabad to shift to permanent campus by July next year|access-date=2014-01-25}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Hostels===<br />
Most dorm rooms at IIT Hyderabad are traditional one-person rooms, with some two-person rooms. Most students reside in the twenty-three hostel buildings on campus. Six out of the 23 hostel buildings accommodate female students exclusively. Dining facilities are located in centralized halls. Students are assigned specific rooms at the time of admission where they will live, usually for the remainder of their stay at the institute. First-year undergraduate students are usually allotted double sharing rooms; while the other students receive single-occupancy rooms. Students are provided with complimentary high-speed fiber optic internet for academic and personal purposes. Radiant cooled rooms adds to the comfort.<br />
<br />
'''IIT Hyderabad Research Park'''<br />
<br />
In 2018, the Government of India sanctioned a Research Park to some IITs in which IIT Hyderabad got its place. IIT Hyderabad Research Park is a self-reliant team endorsed by IIT Hyderabad and its alumni. The IIT Hyderabad Research Park promotes the betterment of research and development by the institute through friendship with industry, helping in the advancement of modern ventures, and economic development. The IIT Hyderabad Research Park assists organizations with a research target to set up an infrastructure in the park and take advantage of the expertise available at IIT Hyderabad.<br />
<br />
IIT Hyderabad Technology Research Park (TRP), with a total Built-up area of 19,560 square meters, was recently (On 4 February 2022) inaugurated by Srivari Chandrasekhar, secretary, Department of Science & Technology, Government of India (GoI).<br />
<br />
==Organisation and Administration==<br />
===Governance===<br />
{{see also|Indian Institutes of Technology#Organisational structure}}<br />
All IITs follow the same organizational structure, which has [[President of India]] at the top of the hierarchy. Directly under the President is the IIT Council. Under the IIT Council is the board of governors of each IIT. Under the board of governors is the director, who is the chief academic and executive officer of the IIT. Under the director, in the organizational structure, comes the deputy director. Under the director and the deputy director come the [[Dean (education)|deans]], heads of departments, and registrar; as well as the Student Gymkhana Council elected by the student community, which leads the clubs and cells across the institute.<br />
<br />
===Departments===<br />
IIT Hyderabad has 18 departments:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Departments |url=https://iith.ac.in/academics/departments/ |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=IIT Hyderabad |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Engineering ====<br />
* [[Artificial intelligence]]<br />
* [[Biomedical engineering]]<br />
* [[Biotechnology]] and [[Bioinformatics]]<ref>[[Bioinformatics]] ([[Special:Permalink/1133694287|this version]])</ref><br />
* [[Chemical engineering]]<br />
* [[Climate change]]<br />
* [[Civil engineering]]<br />
* [[Computer Science and Engineering]]<br />
* [[Electrical Engineering]]<br />
* [[Engineering Science]]<br />
* [[Heritage science|Heritage Science and Technology]]<br />
* [[Materials Science]] and [[Metallurgical Engineering]]<br />
* [[Mechanical engineering|Mechanical]] and [[Aerospace Engineering]]<br />
<br />
==== Science ====<br />
* [[Mathematics]]<br />
* [[Physics]]<br />
* [[Chemistry]]<br />
<br />
==== Liberal Arts, Design, and Management ====<br />
* [[Liberal Arts]]<br />
* [[Design]]<br />
* [[Entrepreneurship]] and [[Management]]<br />
<br />
==== Schools and Centres ====<br />
<br />
* Greenko School of [[Sustainability]]<br />
* Centre for [[Interdisciplinary]] Programs<br />
* Dr BVR Mohan Reddy School of [[Innovation]] and Entrepreneurship<br />
<br />
===Research and industrial consultancy===<br />
IIT Hyderabad has 110 laboratories on the campus, of which 50 are exclusively for research. Over 80% of the faculty has either one sponsored research project or a consulting project. There is an emphasis on innovation, with more than 7,246 research publications and patent disclosures, 1,668 sponsored/consultancy projects, and industry collaborations.<br />
<br />
IIT Hyderabad is involved in the DISANET project for disaster mitigation, an Indo-Japanese collaboration.<ref name="Business Standard">{{cite news|title=DISANET launched in Hyderabad|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/disanet-launched-in-hyderabad/401766/|access-date=6 November 2011|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=2010-07-18|last1=Reporter|first1=B. S.}}</ref><br />
<br />
IIT Hyderabad has also been involved with India's first 5G patent<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/iit-scientists-present-indias-first-5g-tech-specification-before-a-global-body/articleshow/59183889.cms|title=IIT scientists present India's first 5G patent before global body – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-11-13}}</ref> removing fluoride from water using naturally occurring ''Jamun'' seeds,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/iit-hyderabad-uses-activated-jamun-to-remove-fluoride-from-water/article19896298.ece|title=IIT Hyderabad uses activated jamun to remove fluoride from water|last=Prasad|first=R.|date=2017-10-21|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-11-13|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> developing a constant drug delivery system for the body through skin patch<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/iit-hyderabad-develops-novel-skin-patch-for-constant-drug-release/article20219286.ece|title=IIT Hyderabad develops novel skin patch for constant drug release|last=Prasad|first=R.|date=2017-11-11|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-11-13|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and other research projects.<br />
<br />
===Inter-disciplinary centres===<br />
* Design Innovation Centre<br />
* Centre for Cyber-Physical Systems and IoT<br />
* Teaching Learning Centre (TLC)<br />
* Tinkerer's Laboratory – a variety of scientific instruments including scientific instruments, electronic components, 3D printers, [[CNC]]s, workstations, etc.<br />
<br />
===Incubation centers===<br />
<br />
* iTIC Incubator at IIT Hyderabad,<ref>{{Cite web |title=iTIC Incubator |url=https://itic.iith.ac.in/ |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=itic.iith.ac.in}}</ref> with BUILD being a subset of iTIC <br />
* Center for Healthcare Entrepreneurship<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Center for Healthcare Entrepreneurship, IIT Hyderabad |url=https://cfhe.iith.ac.in/ |website=CfHE IIT Hyderabad}}</ref><br />
* Fabless Chip Design Incubator<br />
* Design Innovation Centre<br />
<br />
==Academics==<br />
<br />
IIT Hyderabad offers the following degrees:<br />
<br />
=== Undergraduate Degrees ===<br />
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Under Graduate |url=https://iith.ac.in/academics/under-graduate/#btech |access-date=2025-09-30 |website=IIT Hyderabad |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Bachelor of Technology ([[BTech|B.Tech.]]) ====<br />
These degrees require 125-130 credits of coursework, typically over a period of 4 years. These courses include Basic Science courses, Basic Engineering courses, Liberal and Creative Arts, Free Electives, and Stream-specific core courses and electives.<br />
<br />
* Artificial Intelligence<br />
* Biomedical Engineering<br />
* Biotechnology and Bioinformatics<br />
* Chemical Engineering<br />
* Civil Engineering<br />
* Computer Science and Engineering<br />
* Computational Engineering (Interdisciplinary BTech Program)<br />
* Electrical Engineering<br />
* Electrical Engineering (IC Design and Technology)<br />
* Engineering Physics<br />
* Engineering Science (Interdisciplinary BTech Program)<br />
* Industrial Chemistry<br />
* Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering<br />
* Mathematics and Computing<br />
* Mechanical Engineering<br />
<br />
'''Bachelor of Design ([[BTech|B.Des.]])'''<br />
<br />
* Design<br />
<br />
'''Undergraduate Double Majors'''<br />
<br />
Second majors require an additional 24 credits of coursework and the program lasts for 5 years, although completing the second major in the 4-year timeframe is allowed and is quite common.<br />
<br />
* Chemical Engineering<br />
* Civil Engineering<br />
* Computer Science and Engineering<br />
* Electrical Engineering<br />
* Entrepreneurship<br />
* Engineering Physics<br />
* Mathematics and Computing<br />
* Mechanical Engineering<br />
* Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering<br />
<br />
'''Undergraduate Minors'''<br />
<br />
Minors require an additional 12 credits of coursework.<br />
<br />
* Aerospace Engineering<br />
* Artificial Intelligence<br />
* Biomedical Engineering<br />
* Climate Change<br />
* Creative Arts<br />
* Chemical Engineering<br />
* Civil Engineering<br />
* Computer Science and Engineering<br />
* Design<br />
* Electrical Engineering<br />
* Entrepreneurship<br />
* Economics<br />
* Mechanical Engineering<br />
* Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering<br />
* Mathematics<br />
* Physics<br />
* Robotics<br />
<br />
=== Postgraduate and Doctoral Degrees ===<br />
IIT Hyderabad also offers regular [[MTech|M.Tech.]] degrees in 40 programs (including eight interdisciplinary programs),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Post Graduation |url=https://iith.ac.in/academics/post-graduate/ |access-date=2025-09-30 |website=IIT Hyderabad |language=en}}</ref> and [[Master of Design|M.Des.]] degrees in Design and [[Master of Science|MSc]] degrees in 3 programs in sciences. The institute also offers online M.Tech./M.Des. degrees in eight programs (including two interdisciplinary programs). The postgraduate programs typically last for 2–3 years with 50 credits of coursework. In 2019, the institute started offering [[Master of Arts|M. A.]] in [[Development Studies]]. The institute also offers [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] across all disciplines of engineering, sciences, and Liberal Arts.<br />
<br />
=== Coursework and Fractal Academics ===<br />
Each department offers courses of various levels, for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Core/compulsory courses are floated every alternate semester, along with a basket of electives. Advanced elective courses are open for both undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as students of other departments, although enrollment may be limited. {{Citation needed|date=September 2025|reason=IIT Hyderabad Academic Handbook is the required citation - however it is internal to the institute.}}<br />
<br />
IIT Hyderabad uses a Fractal Academic System, involving continuous evaluation of students and more choices on subjects they want to pursue outside their core area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IIT Hyderabad: Fractal Academics |url=https://www.iith.ac.in/index.php/iith-dean-office/2016-10-24-09-53-24/fractal-academics |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319111657/http://iith.ac.in/index.php/iith-dean-office/2016-10-24-09-53-24/fractal-academics |archive-date=2017-03-19}}</ref> The structure of academics involves students taking courses to fill specific number of credits within Elective Baskets. Courses across [[Undergraduate degree|UG]] and [[Postgraduate education|PG]] involve domains such as "Department Electives" where courses are taken from within the prescribed list of courses by the department, "Free Electives" where any courses of the student's choice are taken, mandatory "Liberal Arts"/"Creative Arts" credits where credits have to be taken from the Liberal Arts and/or Creative Arts department. Additional courses such as the [[National Service Scheme|NSS]]/[[National Sports Organisation (India)|NSO]]/[[National Cadet Corps (India)|NCC]], and Clean India are required to be taken, as specified to the degree being pursued.<ref name=":1">IIT Hyderabad's 50th Senate released Academic Handbook https://gymkhana.iith.ac.in/documents/Academic%20Handbook%202022%20(50th%20senate).pdf</ref> Undergraduate students are required to complete 125-130 credits to complete their degree, with additional credits being taken for additions to the degree.<br />
<br />
At the institute, every semester, undergraduate students have the option to take courses in [[Liberal arts education|Liberal Arts]] and [[creative arts|Creative Arts]] such [[macroeconomics]], introductory [[psychology]], introduction to the [[Sanskrit]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]], [[French language|French]], or [[German language|German]] language, introduction to [[carnatic music|Carnatic]] or [[Western classical]] music, theater, pottery and ceramics, Indian Classical Dance, and [[Madhubani painting]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Liberal Arts {{!}} IIT Hyderabad |url=https://la.iith.ac.in/courses.html |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=la.iith.ac.in}}</ref> Courses offered by industry and professionals are often floated, including Engineering courses such as PCB Design by [[Renesas Electronics]], Creative Arts courses by seasoned artists, and "Empowering 3 billion" by [[Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam]], ex-President of India, floated in 2012.<br />
<br />
IIT Hyderabad currently offers expansion to the degrees by providing students opportunities to take up additional Minors, Majors and Dual Degree programs. As per the 50th Senate Academic Handbook, Dual Degrees are currently offered for B.Tech. + M.Tech.; B.Tech. + PhD; B.Tech. + M.Tech. (Interdisciplinary & Cross-Disciplinary), B.Des. + M.Des.; and B.Des. + PhD.<ref name=":1" /> The structure is permissible to allow ambitious students to take up additional coursework at their desired level of difficulty; for example if a B.Tech./B.Des. student wishes to graduate with a cross-disciplinary exposure, they may pursue a Major in their respective department, while pursuing an [[Honours degree|Honours]] in addition to another Major, or Minor, or combinations of both, and then also take up an additional degree.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
===Admission===<br />
Admission to B.Tech. programs is through the [[Joint Entrance Examination – Advanced]] for 595 seats.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170621/jsp/frontpage/story_157994.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731024745/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170621/jsp/frontpage/story_157994.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 July 2017|title=More seats in new IITs 387 additional BTech berths on offer this year}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/iit-hyd-brims-with-students-seats-get-filled-in-2nd-round/articleshow/59552318.cms|title=IIT-Hyderabad brims with students, seats get filled in 2nd round|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> Among all the IITs, [[IIT Kanpur]] and IIT Hyderabad had all their seats taken between 2013 and 2017.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/increasing-number-of-iit-seats-going-vacant-maximum-at-iit-bhu-1197394-2018-03-25 | title=Increasing number of IIT seats going vacant, maximum at IIT-BHU}}</ref><br />
<br />
Admission to the B.Des. program is through the Undergraduate Common Entrance Examination for Design ([[UCEED]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=UCEED 2019 |url=http://www.uceed.iitb.ac.in |access-date=31 August 2019}}</ref> The B.Des. program started at IIT Hyderabad from August 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Biswas |first1=Preeti |title=Job shower for design engineers on IIT-Hyderabad campus, 79% get placed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/job-shower-for-design-engineers-on-iit-hyderabad-campus-79-get-placed/articleshow/67509838.cms |access-date=31 August 2019 |work=The Times of India|date=13 January 2019}}</ref> with 10 seats.<ref>{{cite web |title=UCEED 2019: B.Des Seats |url=http://www.uceed.iitb.ac.in/bdesseats.html |access-date=31 August 2019 |archive-date=31 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831163828/http://www.uceed.iitb.ac.in/bdesseats.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
All qualified candidates with a valid [[Common Entrance Examination for Design]] (CEED) score become eligible to apply for M.Des. admission, students who had completed their Bachelors from eligible [[Centrally Funded Technical Institutes|CFTIs]] / [[Indian Institutes of Technology|IITs]] are not required to have written CEED.<br />
<br />
M.Des. (Regular),<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-29 |title=M Des (Regular) • Department of Design |url=https://design.iith.ac.in/academics/mdes/ |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=Department of Design • Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad}}</ref> M.Des (Project)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-19 |title=M Des (Project) • Department of Design |url=https://design.iith.ac.in/academics/mdes-by-project/ |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=Department of Design • Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad}}</ref> and M.Des. (Practice)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-06 |title=M Des (Practice) • Department of Design |url=https://design.iith.ac.in/academics/online-mdes/ |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=Department of Design • Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad}}</ref> are offered at the Department of Design (DoD), with M.Des. (Regular) provided under two classifications; M.Des. (Sponsored) and M.Des. (Self-Sponsored) where:<br />
<br />
* '''M.Des. (sponsored)''' seats are fully MoE funded. A valid '''CEED score''' is required for shortlisting for Design Aptitude Test (DAT) and personal interview conducted by the Department of Design, IITH.<br />
* '''M.Des. (self-sponsored)''' seats are self funded with no scholarship in this category. Though CEED qualification is not mandatory for this category, an online screening test determines the shortlisting for Design Aptitude Test (DAT) and personal interview.<br />
<br />
Admission to M.Tech. programs requires a B.Tech./B.E. degree or equivalent in the respective or allied areas and possessing a [[Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering]] (GATE) score. Admission to the MSc program requires a BSc or an equivalent degree with 65% for GE/OBC, 60% for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]] or equivalent in the respective or allied areas, and possessing a valid Joint Admission Test to MSc (JAM) score. Admission to the [[Master of Arts|M. A.]] [[Development Studies]] program also requires an undergraduate degree and candidates must clear the entrance exam conducted by the institute.<br />
<br />
Admission to the PhD Program requires either [[BTech|B.Tech.]]/GATE qualification for engineering departments with a good academic background or [[MTech|M.Tech.]]/GATE qualification for engineering departments or [[National Eligibility Test]] (NET) qualification for Science departments.<br />
<br />
=== Placements ===<br />
IIT Hyderabad has on-campus internship and industry placement services. <br />
<br />
In the 2025-2026 season, IIT Hyderabad recorded a maximum placement offer of compensation INR 2.5 crore per annum internationally and INR 1.1 crore per annum domestic. The average annual compensation crossed INR 30 LPA in Phase 1 of placements and 24 international offers were received.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2026-01-06 |title=IIT-Hyderabad records strong Phase-1 placements, average CTC crosses Rs 30 lakh |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2026/Jan/06/iit-hyderabad-records-strong-phase-1-placements-average-ctc-crosses-rs-30-lakh |access-date=2026-01-06 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the 2024-2025 season, 617 students have secured a placement on-campus with an average annual compensation of INR 20.81 LPA, and a maximum annual compensation of INR 66.13 LPA (domestic). In the 2023-2024 season, 493 students were placed with an average annual compensation of INR 22.50 LPA and a maximum of 90.00 LPA.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
395 out of 479 registered students have secured an on-campus internship with an average monthly stipend of INR 80,000 and maximum monthly stipend of INR 19,00,000.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Placement Brochure 2025-26, Office of Career Services - IITH |url=https://ocs.iith.ac.in/ |access-date=2025-09-30 |website=ocs.iith.ac.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Rankings===<br />
In India, IIT Hyderabad was ranked 7 among engineering institutes by the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] in 2025 and 12 overall. IIT Hyderabad is also ranked the Top-6 institute as per NIRF (Innovation).<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2025 |title=NIRF 2025 |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/Rankings/2025/Ranking.html |access-date=20 September 2025 |website=MoE, NIRF}}</ref> Worldwide, IIT Hyderabad was ranked 664 in the world by the [[QS World University Rankings]] 2026 list.<ref>{{Cite web |title=QS World University Rankings 2025 |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/world-university-rankings/2026 |access-date=2024-08-13}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Student life==<br />
=== Elan & ηVision ===<br />
Elan & ηVision is the annual techno-cultural fest of IIT Hyderabad and the largest college fest in South India.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} The first edition of Elan started in 2009. The fest takes place in the beginning of the year, in either January or February. IIT Hyderabad also hosted ηVision, an annual inter-institute technical festival, since 2011. Since 2016, both events have been merged into a single annual fest called Elan & ηVision.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/iit-h-annual-fest-from-march-25/articleshow/90384901.cms | title=IITH annual fest all set to start from March 25| website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://telanganatoday.com/iit-hyderabads-elan-and-nvision-fest-concludes | title=IIT-Hyderabad's 'Elan and Nvision' fest concludes}}</ref> The fest attracts a footfall of around 15K spread across 400+ colleges and hosting 60+ events.<br />
The pronites are the star attractions of Elan & ηVision, drawing thousands of footfall. The previous editions of the fest have seen shows by [[Shirley Setia]], [[Benny Dayal]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/iit-hyderabads-three-day-annual-fest-was-a-riot/articleshow/56758585.cms|title=IIT Hyderabad's three-day annual fest was a riot|date=25 January 2017|work=The Times of India|access-date=25 January 2017}}</ref> [[Nikhil Chinapa]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://telanganatoday.com/benny-dayal-nikhil-chinnappa-rock-iit-hyderabad-campus|title=Benny Dayal, Nikhil Chinnappa rock IIT-Hyderabad campus|work=telanganatoday|access-date=16 February 2019}}</ref> [[Gajendra Verma]], [[Kailash Kher]], [[Darshan Raval]], [[Rave Radio]], [[Divine (rapper)]], [[Zakir Khan (comedian)]], and numerous other artists. Each year the fest also promotes a social cause to bring awareness and bring about reforms. The 9th edition was graced by [[Vijay Deverakonda]], as he promoted a social cause campaign for an eco-friendly world.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://telanganatoday.com/arjun-reddy-to-address-iit-h-fest|title='Arjun Reddy' to address IIT-H fest|work=telanganatoday|access-date=16 February 2019}}</ref> The fest has also seen [[Ira Trivedi]], [[Amala Akkineni]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Papon (singer)|Papon]] this year 2025 and many more for various talk shows. Elan & ηVision is a platform to showcase talents across multiple spectrums, with several events like Cryptex, FMI, Manthan, Elan-e-Jung, Breakfree, Quizzes, Robo Soccer, Enigma, Battlebots, etc.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Indian Institutes of Technology]]<br />
*[[JEE]]<br />
*[[UCEED]]<br />
*[[International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad]]<br />
*[[List of universities in India]]<br />
*[[List of institutions of higher education in India]]<br />
*[[Education in India]]<br />
*[[University Grants Commission (India)]]<br />
*[[Ministry of Education (India)]]<br />
*[[List of institutions of higher education in Telangana]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.iith.ac.in/ IIT Hyderabad official Website ]<br />
<br />
{{commons category|IIT Hyderabad}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|17.4928|N|78.1378|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}<br />
<br />
{{Indian Institutes of Technology}}<br />
{{Hyderabad topics}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
IIT Hyderabad Courses<br />
* https://www.vidyavision.com/college/indian-institute-of-technology-(iit)-hyderabad/courses<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad}}<br />
[[Category:Indian Institutes of Technology|Hyderabad]]<br />
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:2008 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2008]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lallula&diff=511799Lallula2026-02-25T15:32:29Z<p>Pureganics: New</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Early Lushai chief (1729–1807)}}<br />
{{use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name = Lallula<br />
| image = [[File:Lallula territory.png|350px]]<br />
| title = Chief of [[Zopui]]<br />{{lang|lus|Zopui Lal}}<br />
| caption = <br />
| succession = <br />
| reign = <br />
| coronation = <br />
| cor-type = <br />
| predecessor = [[Rohnaa]]<br />
| regent = <br />
| reg-type = <br />
| successor = <br />
| suc-type = <br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = 1729<br />
| birth_place = <br />
| death_date = 1807<br />
| death_place = Zopui<br />
| spouse = <br />
| spouse-type = <br />
| consort = <br />
| issue = [[Mângpawrha]]<br/>Lalianvunga<br />Lalpuiliana<br />[[Vuta]]<br />
| issue-link = <br />
| regnal name = <br />
| house = Sailo<br />
| father = Rohnaa<br />
| mother = <br />
| religion = [[Mizo religion|Sakhua]]<br />
| type = chieftain<br />
| burial_date = <br />
| burial_place = Lungphunkhua<br />
| signature = <br />
| native_lang1 = [[Duhlien]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Lallula''' ({{langx|en|'''Lalul'''}}, {{circa|1730}} - {{circa|1805}}) was a Sailo chief who migrated from the Chin Hills in modern day [[Myanmar]] into the [[Lushai Hills]] of current day [[Mizoram]]. He resided in the settlement of Selesih which functioned as a confederation of chiefs to guard against [[Chin people|Poi]] aggression. He would go on to found Zopui and expand Sailo rule in the Lushai Hills. Lallula would be known for his descendants who would culminate in Sailo's domination of the Lushai Hills.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Lallula was born in the settlement of Selesih to Rohnaa, who was the grandson of Sailova. He had an adopted brother known as ''Rorehlova''. As a young boy, Lallula took the initiative to arrange for the men from the [[zawlbuk]] to organize and respond to a village fire. He proved his leadership by getting the men to extinguish the fire. Pu Kawlha, the most influential chief in Selesih, recognised Lallula's leadership skills to organize the zawlbuk better than himself.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|1989|p=4}}<br />
<br />
One time, Lallula's father, Rohnâa was performing the {{lang|lus|khuangchawi}} feast. When the villagers requests Lallula for water, Lallula gave the entire container ({{lang|lus|tuithawl}} by throwing it out through the window and breaking it into pieces.{{sfn|Malsawmliana|2008|p=27}} He was then asked to give a pot ({{lang|lus|bel}}) which he broke in the same way. Rohnâa observed Lallula's conduct and was convinced by the character of Lallula that he would become a great chief.{{sfn|Malsawmliana|2008|p=28}}<br />
<br />
Eventually Lallula moved to Dungtlang with his father Rohnaa. After Rohnaa's death, Lallula would migrate and establish Zopui as a chief in his own right.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=39}} He was allotted the land by Pu Kawlha which started off with 500 households.{{sfn|Malsawmliana|2008|p=28}}<br />
<br />
==Chieftainship==<br />
Lallula wanted to grow his settlement of Zopui. After the village of Siakeng were raided by the Pawi, a party of Ralte arrived in Zopui and suggested to Lallula that they may join his settlement along with the families left behind.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=40}} In 1754, he approached the village of Siakeng under Chief Mangngula, known as a brave [[Pasalṭha]]. Lallula offered Mangngula a chance to surrender and let his people come to Zopui. Upon refusal, Lallula fought with Mangngula. He overpowered Siakeng and ordered Mangngula to be alive. All individuals of Siakeng who refused to go to Zopui would be killed. However, as Mangngula was a Pasalṭha, he refused to surrender and died in battle instead of becoming a [[Bawi system|bawi]]. Lallula took the inhabitants captive and confiscated their property back to Zopui.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|1989|p=6}} The Khawlrings who used to reside in Vangchhia began a dispute with the Halkha village under the Pawi. As a result, Halkha sent Chief Maung Myata with 200 men armed with guns. As the Khawlrings did not have guns, they fled to the Lusei communities, such as Zopui under Lallula around 1756.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=42}}{{sfn|Lalthangliana|1989|p=6}} Zopui became the biggest settlement since Selesih had been dissolved.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|1989|p=7}}<br />
<br />
===Thalnrawn Massacre===<br />
Lallula left the settlement of Selesih and established himself in a village he founded named Zopui. Lallula would raid neighbouring villages and chiefs and bring back captives to expand Zopui as a settlement. For this reason Lallula propelled the growth of Zopui. By 1760 Zopui was considered a large populated village. This became a cultural feature via ''Chai'' songs describing size and power of Lallula ruling Zopui.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2006|p=9}}<br />
<br />
East of the river Tiau resided a tribe known as the Thlanrawn. The Thlanrawn tribes were known for long hair tied in a knot at the top of their heads. They would regularly demand tribute and collect taxes from Zopui and other neighbouring settlements. If tributes were refused or not adequate, then the Thlanrawns would intimidate the villagers by slashing and killing the villagers with knives and swords.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2006|p=9}} <br />
<br />
{{blockquote|Mizo:<br/><br />
{{lang|lus|I lal lua e, Phunthanga<br/><br />
Khawtinah chhiah lawr e,<br/><br />
Sat mai zel e aw.<br/>}}<br />
English:<br/><br />
''Phunthanga, you are too tyrannical, you collect tributes in every village; and chopping follows promptly''|source=Historical Journal of Mizoram, Vol IX{{sfn|Malsawmliana|2008|p=29}}}}<br />
<br />
A brave warrior in Lallula's village known as Kawlkawlha suggested to Lallula to put an end to this.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=45}} Lallula was determined to end the Thlangrawns maltreatment of the Luseis. Lallula called a meeting and formed a plan to massacre the Thlanrawns. Lallula invited the Thlanrawn chief Thanchhuma to take elephant tusks, gongs, brass and other things to give him. He also invited Thanchhuma's ''upas'' and champion. One of the ''upas'' was Phunthanga who held a cruel reputation.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2006|p=10}} Another was a pasaltha known as Thanghlianga.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=45}}<br />
<br />
The dawn of their arrival the villagers pretended to carry ivory by using the cores and husks of bana trees on their heads to carry. Animals and livestock such as [[gayal|mithun]] were killed and a feast was prepared for Thanchhuma. Thanchhuma and his delegates were fed [[Zu (beverage)|zu]] to the point of intoxication under the guise of hospitality. At midnight the plan was carried out by Lallula and the Zopui inhabitants and [[Pasalṭha]]. Lallula beat a gong which was the signal to ambush Thanchhuma and his delegates.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2006|p=11}} The rifles of the Thlawnrawn were filled with water.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=45}} The intoxicated inebriated guests were killed with the swords and weapons of the Luseis. However in the panic and struggle a few managed to escape.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2006|p=10}} Kawlkawlha approached Thanglianga and threatened to kill him. Thanghlianga, who wasn't drunk, got up to fight, but his rifle was filled with water and unable to be shot. Kawlkawlha arrested Thanghlianga. However, he managed to slip his chain off and escape with a few others.{{sfn|Zokima|1993|p=46}} Thanchhuma and Phunthanga were made captive and ridiculed and roughly treated. Lallula composed a victory ''hla'' of his victory to immortalize the event. However the event was motivation for Lallula to migrate west as the Thlanrawn were scheming to take revenge.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|2006|p=11}}<br />
<br />
===Later developments===<br />
[[Rorehlova]] who remained with Lallula throughout his chieftainship was made to separate. Lallula assigned Rorehlova to the east of Zopui as a buffer against the Pawis, as Rorehlova was a Fanai. Their last meeting saw them profess that they will meet in mitthi khua (land of the dead). Rorehlova informed Lallula that if his village was seen burning it would indicate that the Pawis would be targeting Lallula. However this never occurred and Lallula's settlements were safe.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|1989|p=20}}<br />
<br />
Lallula travelled further west and reached Diakhai near Sialsuk. His youngest son Vuttaia was born around circa 1776 during the stay. During a scout for a new village land to establish the scouts were bitten by a tiger. From Diakhai Lallula moved to Samlukhai. Lallula's son Lalpuilena died in Bawkthlanga.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|1989|p=21}} Lalpuiliana was ill since a young age and Lallula had predicted an early death for him. To secure his legacy, Lalpuiliana was married off at an early age. His wife was a Pawi girl, Khuangtuali, who was known for her prowess. Their union led to the birth of [[Lalsavunga]] before Lalpuiliana's death.{{sfn|Verghese|Thanzawna|1997|p=129}}<br />
<br />
In {{circa|1784}}, Lallula's cousin Laltuaka was chief of Sabualah, hosting 500 houses. Lallula was planning to migrate across the Parvatui mountains to the west, but Laltuaka disagreed. Laltuaka offered that other chiefs were here with him. Lallula initially refused as Laltuaka's village was not big and strong. However Laltuaka offered to divide up the settlement to the chiefs and their peoples and stand together against the Pawi aggression. Lallula agreed to the premise and joined Laltuaka. During his stay in Sabuala, Lallula's daughter Ridawpi died in her settlement of Serchhip.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|1989|p=22}}<br />
<br />
The settlement grew with 10 chiefs in command. The chiefs belonged to either Laltuaka's family, Rolura's family or Lallula's family. They are as follows:{{sfn|Lalthangliana|1989|p=22}}<br />
#Laltuaka, Chief of Bawlte<br />
#Lalchungnunga, son of Laltuaka, Chief of Rallen<br />
#Chawngchhunga, son of Laltuaka, Chief of Bawngthah<br />
#Savunga, descendent of Rolura, Chief of Dengsur (Hmaker)<br />
#Rungnawia, descendent of Rolura, Chief of Kawlhawk<br />
#Hmawngphunga, descendent of Rolura, Chief of Chhipphi<br />
#Tlutpawrha, descendent of Rolura, Chief of Chemtum<br />
#Lallianvunga, son of Lallula, Chief of Sawnngek<br />
#Lalsavunga, grandson of Lallula, Chief of Zawngtah<br />
<br />
With many chiefs in the settlement, Lallula proposed a raid on the pawi in {{circa|1792}}. However, Laltuaka refused, and the raid was unsuccessful. As a result, Laltuaka was labelled a fool by the other chiefs. Despite being unsuccessful, Lallula remained a famous chief. Lallula migrated back up north and resided in Darlung. He composed songs with one known as ''Darlung zai'' and gained a reputation as a musician and poet.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|1989|p=23}} After Darlung, Lallula established himself at Kanghmun to fight the Zadeng chiefs. Lallula's rule was expanded as the number of Zadeng chiefs decreased. Lallula proceeded to Hreichuk. His son Lalmanga was separated from him as he consolidated his rule in the western Lushai hills.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|1989|p=25}}<br />
<br />
===Marriage and family===<br />
Lallula would become the progenitor of the modern Sailo chiefs. His son [[Mângpawrha]] (Lalmanga) would establish himself as chief of the Western Lushai Hills, which his grandson [[Sukpilal]] would inherit. Lalpuilena and Vuta and their descendants would become the Eastern Lushai chiefs.{{sfn|Chatterjee|1995}}{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=223}} The spreading of Sailo chiefs would standardize the Lusei dialect of Duhlien throughout the Lushai Hills and minor tribes.<br />
<br />
Lallulla also had a daughter named Ridawpi, who was married to Lianzatluta, the son of Rolura.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|1989|p=21}}<br />
<br />
===Death===<br />
In old age, Lallula was given tributes from Zopuia and the Thlanrawn villages consisting of pigs and [[Zu (beverage)|zu]]. Lallula died in 1807 followed by his wife in 1808. A large stone monument was erected for Lallula. The village was named ''Lungphunkhua'' after the memorial stone. He is considered the father of the Sailos.{{sfn|Lalthangliana|1989|p=25}} ''Lallula Zai'' is the term applied to all the songs and folk tales composed by Lallula.{{sfn|Khiangte|2006|p=126}}<br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{Mizo chief family tree}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --><br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
<br />
*{{cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Suhas |date=1995 |title=Mizo Chiefs and the Chiefdom|location=New Delhi |publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=81-85880-72-7}}<br />
<br />
*{{cite book |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Suhas |title=Frontier Officers in Colonial Northeast India |date=2009 |publisher=Akansha Publishing |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-8370-168-6}}<br />
<br />
*{{cite journal |last1=Malsawmliana |title=A study of the Thangur Chiefs: With special reference to Lallula |journal=Historical Journal of Mizoram |date=2008 |volume=9 |issue=1 |url=https://historicaljournalmizoram.in/2008/11/ |access-date=29 August 2025}}<br />
<br />
*{{cite book |editor-last=Muthukumaraswamy |editor-first=M.D. |date=2006 |title=Folklore as discourse |chapter=The Discourse in Oral Society of the Mizos|last=Khiangte|first=laltluangliana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lC6FCZ9VcaAC |location=Chennai |publisher=National Folklore Support Centre|isbn=978-81-901481-6-0 |access-date=12 February 2025}}<br />
<br />
*{{cite book |last=Nunthara |first=C. |date=1996 |title=Mizoram: Society and Polity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jksn3c85KOkC|location=New Delhi |publisher=Indus Publishing Company|isbn=81-7387-059-4}}<br />
<br />
*{{cite book |last=Lalthangliana |first=B. |date=2006 |title=Culture and Folklore of Mizoram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Of88DwAAQBAJ |location=Aizawl |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information and Broadcasting|isbn=978-81-230-2658-9 }}<br />
<br />
*{{cite book |last=Lalthangliana |first=B. |date=1989 |title=Mizo Lal Ropuite |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.467582/mode/2up |location=Aizawl |publisher=R.T.M Press|language=Mizo}}<br />
<br />
*{{cite book |last=Vanlawm |first=R. |date=1989|orig-date=1965 |title=Ka Ram Leh Kei (My Country and I) |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.467575/mode/2up |location=Aizawl |publisher=Zalen Publishing House}}<br />
<br />
*{{cite book |last=Zawla |first=K |date=1964 |title=Mizo Pi Pute Leh An Thlahte Chanchin |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.467485/page/n1/mode/2up |location=Aizawl |publisher=Gosen Press}}<br />
<br />
*{{cite book |last1=Zokima |first1=Reverend |title=Mizo Lal ber Kairuma Sailo |date=1993 |publisher=V.L.B Press |location=Aizawl |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.17254/mode/2up |access-date=15 February 2025|language=Mizo}}<br />
<br />
*{{cite book |last1=Verghese |first1=C.G.|last2=Thanzawna|first2=R.L.|title=A History of the Mizos |date=1997 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |location=New Delhi}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Eastern Lushai chiefs]]<br />
[[Category:Early Lushai chiefs]]<br />
[[Category:1807 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Chin Hills history]]<br />
[[Category:Mizo poets]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajmata_Krishna_Kumari_Girls%27_Public_School&diff=528741Rajmata Krishna Kumari Girls' Public School2026-02-22T20:03:25Z<p>Pureganics: Created a bio needs work - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|School in Jodhpur, Rajasthan}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox school<br />
| name = Rajmata Krishna Kumari<br />Girls' Public School<br />
| image =<br />
| motto = ''''Schooling for Life''''<br />
| location = Hanwant Vihar, Rai ka Bagh<br />[[Jodhpur]]-342006<br />India<br />
| schooltype = [[Public]] (Residential-cum-Day Boarding School)<br />
| religious_affiliation = <br />
| sister_school = <br />
| colours = <br />
| mascot = <br />
| founded = 1992<br />
| founder = [[Highness|HH]] [[Maharaja]] [[Gaj Singh]]<br />
| head_label = Current Principal<br />
| head = Mrs. Neera Singh<br />
| gender = Girls<br />
| lower_age = 5<br />
| upper_age = 18<br />
| houses = 4<br />
| campus = {{convert|5.0|acre|m2}}<br />
| affiliation = [[Central Board for Secondary Education|CBSE]]<br />
| publication = Pulse (School Magazine)<br />
| free_label = Former pupils<br />
| free_text = Aarkekians<br />
| enrollment = 1500<br />
| faculty = 100<br />
| free_label3 = Telephone<br />
| free_text3 = 91-291-2511461<br />
| website = {{Official website | https://rkkgps.com/}} <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Rajmata Krishna Kumari Girls' Public School''' is a residential-cum-day boarding school situated in [[Jodhpur]], Rajasthan, India. The school was founded by [[Highness|HH]] [[Maharaja]] [[Gaj Singh]] on 20 July 1992 and named after his mother Her Highness [[Rajmata]] [[Krishna Kumari (regent)|Krishna Kumari]].<ref name="rkkgps">{{cite web |url=http://www.rkkgps.com/ |title=Home |website=rkkgps.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Rajmata [[Krishna Kumari (regent)|Krishna Kumari]] of Jodhpur sought to establish a prestigious English medium school for girls in western Rajasthan. Her son Maharaja [[Gaj Singh]] founded Rajmata Krishna Kumari Girls' Public School in the summer of 1992 by donating a part of his personal property known as Saresh Kothi and Bichli Kothi along with other buildings. The school is situated at Raika bagh, Jodhpur and sprawls over {{convert|5.0|acre|m2}}.<ref name="rkkgps"/><br />
<br />
The school was established as a residential-cum-day boarding primary school with only 60 girls. Mrs. Jyotsna Brar was its founder principal and the current principal is Mrs. Neera Singh. The school has now grown to a senior secondary school with over 1500 students. The co-education facility exists up till class V.<ref name="rkkgps"/> The school follows the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] ([[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]) curriculum.<ref name="rkkgps"/> Alumni of the school are referred to as Aarkekians.<br />
<br />
==Houses==<br />
Four houses - Sri Ambika House, Sri Bhawani House, Sri Durga House and Sri Shakti House are named after the [[Hindu goddesses]], who are famous for the destruction of demons. Each house is headed by two student officials - a house captain and a vice captain. Apart from sports, there are regular competitions amongst these houses in a variety of disciplines such as dance, music, debating, quizzing, dramatics, elocution (Hindi/English), home science, arts & crafts, needle work & fine arts.<ref name="rkkgps"/><br />
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==Sports and extra-curricular activities==<br />
Students participate in a wide range of sports activities like tennis, volleyball, basketball, badminton, handball, athletics, rhythmic gymnastic and skating and represent in various CBSE cluster, district, zonal, state and national tournaments.<ref name="rkkgps"/><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{Official website}}<br />
*[https://ezyschooling.com/school/profile/rajmata-krishna-kumari-girls-public-school School profile]<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Rajasthan}}<br />
{{Jodhpur}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Girls' schools in Rajasthan]]<br />
[[Category:Boarding schools in Rajasthan]]<br />
[[Category:Schools in Jodhpur]]<br />
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1992]]<br />
[[Category:1992 establishments in Rajasthan]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krishnanagar,_Nadia&diff=445178Krishnanagar, Nadia2026-02-11T06:03:57Z<p>Pureganics: updated page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Other uses|Krishnanagar (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=April 2018}}<!-- See [[Bharatpedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Krishnanagar<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = Krishnagar <br/> Reui<br />
| settlement_type = [[City]]<br />
| image_skyline = {{multiple image<br />
| border = infobox<br />
| total_width = 300<br />
| image_style =<br />
| perrow = 2/2/2 <br />
| caption_align = center<br />
| image1 = Krishnanagar Palace.jpg<br />
| caption1 = Krishnanagar Palace<br />
| image2 = Krishnanagar Collegiate School at Krishnanagar in Nadia district 18.jpg<br />
| caption2 = [[Krishnagar Collegiate School]]<br />
| image3 =<br />
| caption3 = Christo Mandir<br />
| image4 = Krishnanagar rajbari.jpg<br />
| caption4 = Old Gate of the Krishnanagar Rajbari<br />
| image5 = Krishnanagar Government College at Krishnanagar town in Nadia district 13.jpg<br />
| caption5 = [[Krishnagar Government College]]<br />
| image6 = Krishnanagar Rajbari Interiors at Krishnanagar in Nadia District 05.jpg<br />
| caption6 = Krishnanagar Rajbari Thakur Dalan<br />
}}<br />
| nickname = <br />
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|23.4|N|88.5|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of West Bengal (Banglarmukh) before 2018.png}} [[West Bengal]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nadia district|Nadia]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipality]]<br />
| governing_body = Krishnanagar Municipality<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Krishnanagar City|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Krishnagar.htm}}</ref><br />
| area_total_km2 = 15.96<br />
| area_rank = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = 14<br />
| population_total = 181,182<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_footnotes = <ref name=Census2001>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/View_Village_Population.aspx?pcaid=780702&category=VILLAGE|title=View Population| publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref><br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_metro = 203,429<br />
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name=2011UA /><br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|ZIP code(s)]]<br />
| postal_code = 741101 to 741103<br />
| area_code = 03472<br />
| registration_plate = WB-51, WB-52<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Krishnanagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnanagar]]<br />
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]]<br />
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Mahua Moitra]]<br />
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Krishnanagar Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Krishnanagar North]]<br>[[Krishnanagar Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Krishnanagar South]]<br />
| website = {{URL|nadia.nic.in/}}<br />
| footnotes = <br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], English<br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| blank2_name = [[Mukul Roy]]<br>[[Ujjal Biswas]]<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = <br />
| blank2_info = <br />
}}<br />
'''Krishnanagar''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|r|ɪ|ʃ|n|ə|ˈ|n|ʌ|g|ər}}; {{IPA|bn|kriʃnonɔgor}}) is a city and a municipality<ref name="EB1911">{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Krishnagar |volume=15 |page=927}}.</ref> in the [[Indian state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is the headquarters of the [[Nadia district]].<ref>https://nadia.gov.in/profile/ Official Website of Nadia District</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Krishnanagar municipality was established in 1864 and is one of the oldest municipalities in [[Bengal]]. It is claimed to be named after [[Krishnachandra Roy|Krishna Chandra Roy]] (1728–1782).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Tourism-Details|url=http://nadia.gov.in/Tourism-Details/tourism-details.html#7|access-date=2020-06-26|website=nadia.gov.in}}</ref> Previously, the city (village) was called 'Reui' (রেউই). The Rajbari built here during Roy's reign is a prominent tourist attraction, though the remnants of past glory have been eroded and only a dilapidated structure of the exquisite places with carvings on inner walls remain today.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Krishnanagar, the land of mesmerising clay toys and figurines|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/krishnanagar-the-land-of-mesmerising-clay-toys-and-figurines/1739381|access-date=2021-09-17|website=www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
Krishnanagar is located at {{Coord|23.4|N|88.5|E|}}.<ref name="fallingrain.com">[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Krishnanagar.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Krishnanagar]</ref> The area of the municipality is around 16&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It is situated on the southern banks of the [[Jalangi River]].<ref name="EB1911" /> It has an average elevation of {{Convert|14|m|feet|abbr=}}. The [[Tropic of Cancer]] passes through the outskirts of Krishnanagar. The latitude of the Tropic of Cancer is 23° 26′ 5″ N.<br />
<br />
=== Climate ===<br />
In summer, from April to June, the weather remains hot and temperatures range from a minimum of {{convert|26|C|F}} to a maximum of {{convert|35|C|F}}.<br />
<br />
Monsoon season prevails, beginning from June to mid-September. Also, retrieving monsoon from mid-October until mid-November<ref name="fallingrain.com"/><br />
<br />
The weather is quite pleasant in winter, with a scorching summer. The level of moisture increases during summers.<br />
<br />
{{Weather box<br />
| location = Krishnanagar (1991–2020, extremes 1885–2020) <br />
| metric first = yes<br />
| single line = yes<br />
| Jan record high C = 36.8<br />
| Feb record high C = 38.8<br />
| Mar record high C = 42.2<br />
| Apr record high C = 45.0<br />
| May record high C = 46.1<br />
| Jun record high C = 45.5<br />
| Jul record high C = 43.0<br />
| Aug record high C = 43.0<br />
| Sep record high C = 38.5<br />
| Oct record high C = 38.2<br />
| Nov record high C = 38.0<br />
| Dec record high C = 36.0<br />
| year record high C = 46.1<br />
| Jan high C = 25.0<br />
| Feb high C = 28.6<br />
| Mar high C = 32.7<br />
| Apr high C = 35.8<br />
| May high C = 36.5<br />
| Jun high C = 35.4<br />
| Jul high C = 33.1<br />
| Aug high C = 33.2<br />
| Sep high C = 33.2<br />
| Oct high C = 32.4<br />
| Nov high C = 30.1<br />
| Dec high C = 26.8<br />
| year high C = 31.7<br />
| Jan low C = 11.4<br />
| Feb low C = 15.5<br />
| Mar low C = 19.1<br />
| Apr low C = 23.5<br />
| May low C = 24.6<br />
| Jun low C = 25.5<br />
| Jul low C = 25.7<br />
| Aug low C = 25.7<br />
| Sep low C = 24.9<br />
| Oct low C = 23.2<br />
| Nov low C = 17.8<br />
| Dec low C = 13.2<br />
| year low C = 20.6<br />
| Jan record low C = 0.9<br />
| Feb record low C = 3.9<br />
| Mar record low C = 7.5<br />
| Apr record low C = 13.5<br />
| May record low C = 15.5<br />
| Jun record low C = 16.0<br />
| Jul record low C = 12.0<br />
| Aug record low C = 14.0<br />
| Sep record low C = 16.0<br />
| Oct record low C = 12.0<br />
| Nov record low C = 7.0<br />
| Dec record low C = 4.4<br />
| year record low C = 0.9<br />
| rain colour = green<br />
| Jan rain mm = 6.7<br />
| Feb rain mm = 20.2<br />
| Mar rain mm = 20.2<br />
| Apr rain mm = 31.5<br />
| May rain mm = 96.3<br />
| Jun rain mm = 170.5<br />
| Jul rain mm = 261.6<br />
| Aug rain mm = 175.2<br />
| Sep rain mm = 218.5<br />
| Oct rain mm = 112.5<br />
| Nov rain mm = 10.2<br />
| Dec rain mm = 6.8<br />
| year rain mm = 1130.0<br />
| Jan rain days = 0.9<br />
| Feb rain days = 1.0<br />
| Mar rain days = 1.5<br />
| Apr rain days = 2.0<br />
| May rain days = 4.9<br />
| Jun rain days = 8.6<br />
| Jul rain days = 13.2<br />
| Aug rain days = 9.9<br />
| Sep rain days = 9.5<br />
| Oct rain days = 5.1<br />
| Nov rain days = 0.8<br />
| Dec rain days = 0.2<br />
| year rain days = 57.6<br />
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| Jan humidity = 65<br />
| Feb humidity = 61<br />
| Mar humidity = 62<br />
| Apr humidity = 64<br />
| May humidity = 66<br />
| Jun humidity = 75<br />
| Jul humidity = 79<br />
| Aug humidity = 80<br />
| Sep humidity = 78<br />
| Oct humidity = 77<br />
| Nov humidity = 73<br />
| Dec humidity = 72<br />
| year humidity = 71<br />
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web<br />
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf<br />
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020<br />
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]<br />
| access-date = April 8, 2024<br />
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals><br />
{{cite web<br />
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf<br />
| archive-date = 5 February 2020<br />
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf<br />
| title = Station: Krishnanagar Climatological Table 1981–2010<br />
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010<br />
| publisher = India Meteorological Department<br />
| date = January 2015<br />
| pages = 435–436<br />
| access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
In the [[2011 Census of India|2011 Indian census]],<ref name="Census Commission of India">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|title=Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|publisher=Census Commission of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|access-date=1 November 2008}}</ref> Krishnanagar city had a population of 181,182, with 91,583 males and 89,599 females. It is at the centre of a bigger [[urban agglomeration]] which as of the 2011 census, had a population of 203,429.<ref name="2011UA">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|page=6|access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref> The urban agglomeration had a [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 978 females per 1,000 males.<ref name="2011UA" /> The child sex ratio is 926 girls per 1,000 boys. 7.5% of the population were under six years old.<ref name="2011UA" /> The effective literacy rate was 88.09%, of which male and female literacy was 90.84% and 85.29%, respectively.<ref name="2011UA" /><br />
<br />
The following municipality and census towns were part of Krishnanagar Urban Agglomeration in 2011 census: Krishnanagar (M), [[Baruihuda]] (CT), [[Paschimbhatjangla]] (CT) and [[Sonda, Nadia|Sonda]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | work= Constituents of Urban Agglomeration Having Population Above 1 Lakh |publisher= Census of India 2011 | access-date = 18 October 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{bar box<br />
|title=Religions in Krishnanagar<br />
|titlebar=#Fcd116<br />
|left1=Religion<br />
|right1=Percent<br />
|float=right<br />
|bars=<br />
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|#FF6600|90.82}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|blue|6.07}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|2.98}}<br />
{{bar percent|Others†|black|0.15}}<br />
|caption=Distribution of religions<br /><br />
†<small>Includes [[Sikh]]s (0.04%), [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (0.02%) and [[Jainism|Jains]] (0.01%).</small><br />
}}{{Pie chart<br />
|thumb = right<br />
|caption = Languages spoken in Krishnanagar City (2011)<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX 2011 census data] censusindia.gov.in</ref><br />
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br />
|value1= 97.46<br />
|color1 =red<br />
|label2= [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br />
|value2= 2.02<br />
|color2=orange <br />
|label3 = [[Santali language|Santali]]<br />
|value3 = 0.15<br />
|color3 = green <br />
|label4 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]<br />
|value4 = 0.11<br />
|color4 =pink<br />
|label5 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]<br />
|value5= 0.054<br />
|color5 = black<br />
|label6 = Others <br />
|value6= 0.18<br />
|color6 = white <br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Administration==<br />
[[File:Krishnanagar Municipality 04.jpg|thumb|Krishnanagar Municipality front entrance]]<br />
Krishnanagar city is governed by Krishnanagar Municipality,<ref name="nadia.nic.in">[http://nadia.nic.in/District_Profile/district_profile.html Krishnanagar,_Nadia,_India Krishnanagar, Nadia, India].</ref> which comes under Krishnanagar Municipal Region. The area of the municipality is divided into 25 wards with 25 councillors. Krishnanagar is the administrative headquarters of Nadia district. Krishnanagar is the centre for all administration purposes.<ref name="nadia.nic.in" /> The parties which contest for the elections are [[Trinamool Congress|Trinomool Congress]], [[Indian National Congress]], [[BJP]], and [[CPIM]]. The board of councillors elect a chairman from among its elected members; the chairman is the executive head of the municipality. The elected members of this body are authorised to manage education, health, tourism, and the overall development of the area.<br />
<br />
=== Medical Facilities ===<br />
As Krishnanagar is the headquarter of Nadia District,<ref name="EB1911" /> it gets some of the added facilities. Apart from Government Hospitals, there are private-run nursing home as well.<br />
<br />
===Water===<br />
As Krishnanagar<ref name="nadia.nic.in" /> is city just beside the [[Jalangi River]] (Tributary of River Ganges), one can also avail water transport. Regular boat transport is also available from Krishnanagar to other parts.<br />
<br />
===Police stations===<br />
Kotwali Police Station (also known as Krishnanagar PS) has jurisdiction over Krishnanagar municipality and [[Krishnanagar I]] CD Block.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title=District Statistical Handbook 2014 Nadia|work=Table 2.1|publisher=Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal|access-date= 7 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nadiapolice.gov.in/|title=Nadia District Police|work=Police Unit|publisher=West Bengal Police|access-date=17 May 2017|archive-date=28 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528060640/http://nadiapolice.gov.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The total area covered by the police station is 289.15&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> and the population covered is 456,969 (2001 census).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nadiapolice.gov.in/PSDETAILS.html|title=Krishnaganj Police Station Details|publisher=Nadia Police|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329131028/http://nadiapolice.gov.in/PSDETAILS.html|archive-date=29 March 2016|access-date=17 May 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
Women Police Station was established in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nadiapolice.gov.in/PSDETAILS.html|title=Women Police Station Details|publisher=Nadia Police|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329131028/http://nadiapolice.gov.in/PSDETAILS.html|archive-date=29 March 2016|access-date=17 May 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Transport==<br />
Krishnanagar<ref name="nadia.nic.in" /> is {{Convert|100|km|mi|abbr=}} north of [[Kolkata]]. Being the district headquarters, residents of Krishnanagar enjoy some unique facilities as far as transport is concerned: wide roads, intracity connectivity by [[auto rickshaw]]s, [[cycle rickshaw]]s, [[E-rickshaw]]s, service buses, and magic taxis (aka Toto). Express buses are available for places like [[Kolkata]], [[English Bazar|Malda]], [[Siliguri]], [[Baharampur|Berhampore]], [[Howrah]], [[Purulia]], [[Asansol]], [[Durgapur]], [[Bolpur]], [[Kirnahar]], [[Suri, Birbhum|Suri]], [[Tarakeswar]] etc. from the city's Bus Stand or PWD stand very close to NH 12. The nearest airports are [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport]], which is {{Convert|98|km|mi|abbr=}} by road, and [[Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport|Kazi Nazrul Airport]], which is {{Convert|176|km|miles|abbr=}} by road.<br />
[[File:KNJ Busstant.jpg|thumb|Bus Stand]]<br />
<br />
=== Road ===<br />
[[National Highway 12 (India)|NH 12]] passes through Krishnanagar. As Krishnanagar is the administrative headquarters of the Nadia district, it acts as the link between North Bengal and South Bengal. There are bus services on a regular basis from South Bengal to North Bengal and vice versa. All buses that start from [[Kolkata]] to North Bengal halt at Krishnanagar (Pantha Tirtha/Church Gate/Palpara). Krishnanagar has a main bus stand at the centre of the city, which is a destination of various long, mid-and short-distance places. It is connected directly to Kolkata, Siliguri [[Bardhaman]], [[Durgapur]], [[Tarakeswar]], Siuri, and [[Asansol]] by road. Locally, it is connected to [[Ranaghat subdivision|Ranaghat]], Kolkata, [[Shantipur|Santipur]], [[Mayapur]], and [[Nabadwip]]. Krishnanagar is connected with Shikarpur (Route no 1), Patrikabari Ghat (Route no 2A) (via state highway 11), [[Hridaypur]] (Route no 4), Ranabandh Ghat (Route no 5), Nabadwip (Route no 8), Ranaghat (Route no 9, 17, 17B), Kalna Ghat (Route no 18), Patuli Ghat (Route no 25), Matiari (Route no 29), Bablari (Route no 30A), Tehatta Ghat (Route no 37), Palashi Monument (Route no 39) and Nonaganj (Route no 41). Krishnanagar is also connected with other places such as [[Karimpur]], Khalboalia, Majdia, Birpur Ghat, Hular Ghat, Katwa Ghat, Hatisala Ghat, Ichapur Ghat, Sibpur Ghat, and Shimulia.<br />
<br />
=== Rail ===<br />
[[File:Krishnanagar City Junction railway station 03.jpg|thumb|Krishnanagar City Junction railway station]]<br />
[[Krishnanagar City Junction railway station]]<ref name="nadia.nic.in" /> is a junction on the Lalgola branch line of the [[Eastern Railway (India)|Eastern Railway]]. Local [[EMU (train)|EMU]] trains are the most convenient option to reach Kolkata.<br />
<br />
All trains going to or coming from [[Lalgola]] stop at Krishnanagar. [[MEMU train]]s depart from Ranaghat heading for Bahrampur and vice versa stops at Krishnanagar.<br />
<br />
EMU (Broad gauge local) train service between these two cities [[Santipur]] and Krishnanagar have started, and will be extended to [[Nabadwip]] and will be open for passengers shortly. 13103/13104 Sealdah-Lalgola Bhagirathi Express, 13113/13114 [[Hazarduari Express]], Lalgola Fast Passenger and a few Lalgola Passenger are the trains that run daily. Kolkata-Lalgola triweekly Express (Dhanadhanye Express) is also an express train that takes the Sealdah-Lalgola route. Ladies special (Matribhumi local) from Krishnanagar to [[Sealdah]] runs every day. The line extends to north Bengal via Ajimganj / Nasipur Bridge and will be used by [[Darjeeling Mail]] (sdah-njp) from the December at the end of year.{{which|date=May 2023}}<br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
Krishnanagar is an important centre for culture and literature. It counts literary figures such as [[Bharatchandra Ray|Ray Gunakor Bharatchandra]], [[Ramprasad Sen]], [[Dwijendralal Ray]] and [[Narayan Sanyal]] among many others. There is also a strong tradition of stage acting and Indian revolutionary movements. Several elegant pieces of [[handicraft]] arts can also be found in this region, namely the handicraft in making of carpet, bamboo and jute crafts, miniature paintings. a horticultural research station and jute nursery, and an agricultural training centre.<br />
<br />
[[Jagaddhatri]] [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] is celebrated with grandeur in Krishnanagar, the illumination for Jagaddhatri Puja is mostly crafted by local artisans, with only occasional use of [[Chandannagar]] lights. The origins of [[Jagaddhatri]] [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] in Krishnanagar can be traced back to the 18th century, when it was first celebrated by Maharaja [[Krishnachandra Roy|Krishna Chandra]], the king of Krishnanagar. Initiated by [[Krishnachandra Roy|Krishna Chandra]] in 1762, is the crowning glory of the annual festival. The Maharaja's absence from the [[Durga]] [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] that year left him heartbroken as he could not offer his prayers to Maa [[Durga]]. Returning by boat on Dasami, the day of idol immersion, the Maharaja saw the idols being immersed in the river and was overcome with grief. However, in a dream that night, he saw a teenage Goddess seated on a lion, resembling a white horse, assuring him that she would come to him on the Sukla Nabami tithi in the Bengali month of Kartick (October–November). Following her divine instructions, an idol of Goddess [[Jagaddhatri]] was sculpted and the puja was performed with great pomp and splendor. [[Jagaddhatri]] [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] is celebrated across the local clubs & Barowari's of Krishnanagar, with each of them have its own unique customs and traditions. They are essentially different neighborhoods or communities within the town, each with its own distinct identity and character. The most prominent of them all is Chasapara Barowari [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] where the deity is called Burima. This festival that has been celebrated for over 100 years, is known for its grandeur and splendor. The festival is organized by the Chasapara Barowari Committee, and it is celebrated with great enthusiasm and devotion by the locals. The festival is known for its magnificent pandal decorations, which are designed based on various themes and concepts. The pandals are adorned with colorful lights, flowers, and other decorative items, making them a visual treat for the visitors. During the [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]], the locals also perform a unique ritual called "chokkhudaan" where they offer their eyes to the Goddess in the form of a symbolic gesture. This ritual is believed to signify the devotee's willingness to see the truth and the divine light. The festival is also known for its colorful processions, which are accompanied by the beats of the dhak, a traditional Indian [[Percussion instrument|percussion]] instrument. One of the notable features of this Chasapara Barowari is the heavily adornment of Burima with gold jewellery. It is believed that Burima fulfills her true devotees wishes. <br />
<ref>{{cite web| url = https://manaspratimbiswas.com/journals#jagaddhatri | title= ENCHANTING GRANDEUR OF JAGADDHATRI PUJA IN KRISHNANAGAR: A CELEBRATION OF CULTURE AND TRADITION|work= Celebration of Jagaddhatri Puja in Krishnanagar|publisher= Manas Pratim Biswas | access-date = 26 February 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
Krishnanagar is also famous for its '''Barodol Mela'''. Maharaja [[Krishnachandra Roy|Krishnachandra]], a devoted husband, once failed to fulfill his promise of taking his beloved queen to the neighboring fair at Ula Birnagar. To make up for it, he organized a grand festival in his own palace where 12 idols of [[Krishna]] were invited for a month-long stay. The tradition continues to this day, with the royal household playing a vital role in the festival's success, even though its splendor has faded somewhat over time.The festival is normally held after the [[Holi|Dolyatra]] in the Sukla Ekadashi tithi. It begins with the arrival of 12 idols of [[Krishna]], each representing a different form of the deity. The idols are displayed for public viewing for the first three days of the festival, after which they retire to a temple inside the palace as guests of the patron deity Boro [[Narayana|Narayan]]. Meanwhile, the month-long fair takes place in the vast field next to the old fort's gate, open to all who wish to participate. The fairgrounds are alive with the sounds of vendors hawking their wares, performers entertaining the crowds, and children laughing and screaming in delight as they ride the rides. The fair also provides a platform for local artisans to showcase their skills and sell their wares. From the clay toy makers to the [[Loom|handloom]] weavers, the fair is an opportunity for these artisans to display their products to a wider audience and earn a living.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://manaspratimbiswas.com/journals#barodol | title= BARODOL MELA: A CULTURAL EXTRAVAGANZA OF KRISHNANAGAR|work= Celebration of Barodol Mela in Krishnanagar|publisher= Manas Pratim Biswas | access-date = 26 February 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Places of interest==<br />
[[File:Krishnanagar Clay Models.jpg|thumb|A piece of work at ghurni]]<br />
<br />
=== Ghurni ===<br />
The famous area called [[Ghurni]] is the birthplace of [[Lahiri Mahasaya|Yogiraj Sri Shyama Charan Lahiri Mahasaya]], fountain-head of [[Kriya Yoga school|Kriya Yoga]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kriyayogashyamacharan.org/lahiri-mahasaya.php|title=Yogiraj Shyamacharan Sanatan Mission|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510025727/http://kriyayogashyamacharan.org/lahiri-mahasaya.php|archive-date=10 May 2012|access-date=2012-04-02|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Ghurni]] is the neighbourhood of the clay artists. Open studios and shops of the artists comprise an important attraction for tourists. <br />
<br />
=== Rajbari ===<br />
[[File:Krishnanagar Palace Gate.jpg|thumb|Entrance of Royal Palace]]<br />
Rajbari, also known as the Krishnanagar Palace, is a royal palace with a [[Durga]] temple in the courtyard. The Durga puja was started by Raja Rudra Roy, the great-grandfather of Raja [[Krishnachandra Roy]].<ref>{{cite news |last=CHAUDHURI |first=SUBHASISH |date=9 October 2016 |title=A royal Puja for people of Nadia |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/a-royal-puja-for-people-of-nadia/cid/1320089 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)]] |location=[[Krishnagar]] |access-date=20 March 2022}}</ref> Every year, Jhulan Mela is celebrated around the Rajbari in July–August and Baro Dol (as it is held 12 days after [[Dol Purnima]]) in March–April every year. Rajbari is mostly visited for the celebration of different festivals. These include the popular Jhulan Mela and the festival of colours [[Holi]] or Baro Dol. The historical monument surrounded by a water-body known as Dighi has a beautiful Goddess Durga temple erected in its central courtyard.<br />
<br />
[[File:Anandamoyee Kali Temple-Krishnnagar-West Bengal-DSC 4031 00001.jpg|thumb|Anandamoyee Kali Temple at Krishnnagar]]<br />
<br />
=== Bethuadahari Forest ===<br />
[[Bethuadahari Wildlife Sanctuary|Bethuadahari Forest]], a forest covering about 67 hectares, is located at Bethuadahari which is situated about 22&nbsp;km from Krishnanagar.<ref name="nadia.nic.in" /> This forest is an extended deer park. The forest was established in 1980 to preserve the biodiversity of the central Gangetic alluvial zone. A census of 1998 reveals a population of 295 deer in this forest and other wildlife includes python, jungle cat, porcupine, monitor lizard, snake, and a variety of birds (around 50 species).<br />
<br />
Bahadurpur Forest<ref name="nadia.nic.in" /> situated by the side of [[National Highway 34 (India)|NH 34]] in [[Krishnanagar II|Krishnanagar II Block]] has been chosen as a prospective spot for jungle safari. Hasadanga Beel,<ref name="nadia.nic.in" /> adjacent to Bahadurpur Forest, is a vast waterbody which can be transformed into a water sports complex. This [[beel]] has the potential to be developed as a safe haven for seasonal migratory birds.<br />
<br />
==Notable people==<br />
[[File:Dwijendralal Roy.jpg|thumb|Dwijendralal Roy]]<br />
*[[Dwijendralal Ray]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Historical Perspective|url=http://nadia.gov.in/Historical_Perspective/historical_perspective.html|access-date=2020-06-26|website=nadia.gov.in}}</ref> (1863–1913), Indian poet, playwright, and lyricist, was born in Krishnanagar.<br />
*[[Ramtanu Lahiri]] (1813–1898),<ref name=":1" /> Bengal leader, teacher, and social reformer.<br />
*[[Jagadananda Roy]]<ref name="nadia.nic.in"/> (1869–1933), a scientific article writer<br />
[[File:Bagha.jpg|thumb|Bagha Jatin]]<br />
*[[Jatindranath Mukhopadhyay|Bagha Jatin]] (born Jatindranath Mukherjee) (7 December 1879 – 10 September 1915) was an Indian Bengali revolutionary philosopher against British rule.<br />
*[[Sudhir Chakravarti]] (1934–2020) was a Bengali educationist and essayist. <br />
*[[Soumitra chattopadhyay|Soumitra Chattopadhyay]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Notable Personalities|url=http://nadia.gov.in/DICO/NOTABLEPERSONALITIES.html|access-date=2020-06-26|website=nadia.gov.in}}</ref> (1935–2020)is an Indian film and stage actor and poet. <br />
*[[Kazi Nazrul Islam]], the poet stayed at [[Grace Cottage, Krishnanagar]] between 1926 and 1928.<br />
*Bijoy Lal Chattopadhyay, nationalist poet <br />
* [[Narayan Sanyal]]<br />
* [[Hemanta Kumar Sarkar]]<br />
* [[Haripada Chattopadhyay]]<br />
* [[Dilip Kumar Roy]]<br />
* [[Lahiri Mahasaya]]<br />
* [[Subhash Mukhopadhyay (poet)|Subhash Mukhopadhyay]]<br />
* [[Charles Gmelin]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/24522180|title=Prejudice & patriotism: When is a Briton not a Briton?|last=Tom Fordyce|date=October 17, 2013|website=bbc.com|access-date=May 24, 2017}}</ref> (First British [[Olympic Games]] award-winning athlete) were born in this city. <br />
* [[Pramod Ranjan Sengupta]], Socialist revolutionary and member of the [[Indian National Army]]<br />
* [[Khudiram Das|Dr. Khudiram Das]], Ram Tanu Lahiri Professor, [[University of Calcutta|Calcutta University]]<br />
* [[Monomohun Ghose]]<br />
* [[Lalmohan Ghosh]]<br />
* [[Jagannath Majumdar]]<br />
* [[Bina Das]]<br />
* [[Anantahari Mitra]]<br />
* [[Bipradas Pal Chowdhury]]<br />
* [[Dilip Bagchi]]<br />
* [[Abhijit Banerjee]], Nobel Memorial Prize winner.<br />
* [[Sudhir Chakraborty]]<br />
<br />
==Educational Institutes==<br />
There are various Government and private run schools affiliated with the [[West Bengal Board of Secondary Education]], The Indian Council for Secondary Examination (ICSE), Delhi board and [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]], and the [[Central Board of Secondary Education|Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)]].<br />
[[File:Krishnagar Collegiate School in Krishnagar 02.jpg|thumb|Krishnagar Collegiate School]]<br />
*[[Krishnagar Collegiate School]] (1846) (the former house of barrister [[Monomohun Ghose]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Education First|url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/history/19101900502|access-date=2020-09-24|website=school.banglarshiksha.gov.in}}</ref>)<br />
*[[C.M.S St. John's High School]] (Oldest school in Nadia, established 1834)<br />
[[File:C.M.S St. John&#039;s High School 03.jpg|thumb|C.M.S St. John's High School]]<br />
*[[Krishnanagar Debnath High School]] (Has a rich history dating back to 1873)<br />
*Kendriya Vidyalaya B.S.F., Krishnagar<br />
*Krishnanagar High School<br />
*Krishnanagar Government Girls' High School<br />
*Krishnanagar Lady Carmichael Girls' Higher Secondary School<br />
*Krishnanagar A.V. High School (established 1849)<br />
*Shaktinagar High School<br />
*Holy Family Girls School<br />
*Kabi Vijoylal H.S. Institute<br />
*Ram Baux Chetlangia High School<br />
*Mrinalini Girls High School<br />
*Swarnamayee Girls High School<br />
*Ghurni High School<br />
*Helen Keller Smriti Vidya Mandir<br />
*Krishnagar Akshay Vidyapith Girls High School<br />
*Kalinagar High School (H.S.)<br />
*Krishnagar Anatheswar adarswa Vidya Pith (A.A.V.P.)<br />
*[[Bishop Morrow School]] (formerly known as Mary Immaculate School)<br />
*[[Krishnanagar Academy]] (from class 3 to class 12) also known as Ramtanu Lahiri Academy (from lower nursery to class 2)<br />
*Krishnagar Public School (KPS)<br />
*[[Don Bosco Higher Secondary School, Dimapur|Don Bosco Higher Secondary School]]<br />
*Jagabandhu Sishu Niketan<br />
[[File:Krishnanagar Govt college.jpg|thumb|Krishnanagar Government College]]<br />
<br />
===Colleges===<br />
<br />
==== Government–Operated colleges ====<br />
* [[Krishnagar Government College]]:<ref name="nadia.nic.in" /> The college building is under the Maintenance of ASI, It was established in the year 1846.<ref>{{Cite web|title=:: Krishnagar Government College ::|url=https://www.krishnagargovtcollege.org/|access-date=2020-09-24|website=www.krishnagargovtcollege.org}}</ref><br />
* [[Dwijendralal College]]<br />
* Krishnanagar Women's College<br />
* [[Bipradas Pal Chowdhury Institute of Technology]]<br />
<br />
====Private colleges====<br />
* Global Institute of Management & Technology (GIMT)<br />
* Global College Of Science And Technology (GCST)<br />
* Global Institute Of Education (GIE)<br />
* Global Private Industrial Technical Institute (GPITI)<br />
* Krishnanagar B.Ed. College. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''University:'''<br />
<br />
Kanyashree University<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} Kanyashree University |url=https://www.kanyashreeuniversity.ac.in/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=www.kanyashreeuniversity.ac.in}}</ref> (established in 2020): women-only university in Krishnanagar, Nadia. <br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Nadia District]]<br />
*[[Ranaghat]]<br />
*[[Chakdaha]]<br />
*[[Kalyani subdivision|Kalyani]]<br />
*[[Chandannagar]]<br />
*[[Basirhat]]<br />
*[[Barasat]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[https://www.questia.com/read/1E1-Krishnag/krishnagar Krishnager] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030755/https://www.questia.com/read/1E1-Krishnag/krishnagar |date=4 March 2016 }}<br />
*[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/323618/Krishnanagar Encyclopædia Britannica]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{Commons category-inline|Krishnanagar}}<br />
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Krishnanagar}}<br />
* [https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9046253/Krishnanagar Krishnanagar at Encyclopædia Britannica]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090410053047/http://www.wb.nic.in/dist/nadia.html#krishna Krishnanagar at Nadia district gov't website]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180308045434/http://mapsofindia.org/ Latitude and Longitude locations maps in India]<br />
* [http://www.citypopulation.de/India-WestBengal.html City populations in West Bengal]<br />
* [http://nadia.gov.in/ Information of Krishnanagar]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130419061414/http://wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/ Administration in Nadia]<br />
<br />
{{Nadia District}}<br />
{{Nadia topics}}<br />
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}<br />
{{West Bengal}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Krishnanagar| ]]<br />
[[Category:Cities and towns in Nadia district]]<br />
[[Category:Cities in West Bengal]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=88888_Lights_Out&diff=44826288888 Lights Out2026-02-04T20:43:58Z<p>Pureganics: Content improved for clarity and flow</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2008 campaign against global warming in India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br />
'''88888 Lights Out''' was a [[civil society campaign|campaign]] with the stated goal of increasing awareness of [[global warming]] and promoting actions to reduce energy consumption. By encouraging [[India]]'s residents to turn out the lights for eight minutes and to become more aware of environmental concerns, the organisers sought to limit [[greenhouse gas emissions]] and reduce pollution of the [[globe]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Earth/Global_Warming/Chennai_88888_Lights_Out_on_Aug_8/rssarticleshow/3326272.cms|title=Chennai: 88888 Lights Out on Aug 8|date=August 5, 2008|publisher=Times of India|access-date=2008-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
== Campaign organisation ==<br />
The campaign was started by [[Exnora International]],&lt;ref name="exnoraThemselves"/&gt; a [[NGO|non-governmental organisation]] in [[India]]. It called for people to switch off their lights for eight minutes at 8 p.m. on August 8, 2008 (8-8-8-8-8) to spread awareness and take action to reduce energy consumption and the resulting environmental damage.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/08/stories/2008080861190600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080811193909/http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/08/stories/2008080861190600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2008-08-11|title=‘Lights Out 88888’ campaign launched |date=2008-08-08|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2008-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
In the city of [[Chennai]], Governor [[Surjit Singh Barnala]] ordered the lights off in [[Raj Bhavan, Chennai|Raj Bhavan]] at 8 p.m. for 8 minutes and said that an awakening should be created among the people of all walks of life on the root cause of global warming, it occurred at the very beginning of the [[2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Olympics]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/09/stories/2008080958530300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080817221412/http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/09/stories/2008080958530300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2008-08-17|title=Campaign eloquent as lights fall ‘silent’|date=2008-08-09|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2008-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
The effort has been part of a wider effort by the groups involved to bring attention to environmental issues.&lt;ref name="exnoraThemselves"&gt;{{cite press release|title=Chennai Lights Out Campaign builds awareness|url=http://www.exnorainternational.org/events.shtml#Campaign|publisher=Exnora|access-date=2009-01-21|archive-date=2009-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226010715/http://exnorainternational.org/events.shtml#Campaign|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[FLICK OFF]]<br />
*[[Earth Hour]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.88888.co.in 88888 Lights Out] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109151518/http://www.88888.co.in/ |date=2020-01-09 }}<br />
*[http://www.exnorainternational.org/events.shtml EXcellent NOvel RAdical (ExNoRa) website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226010715/http://exnorainternational.org/events.shtml |date=2009-02-26 }}<br />
*[http://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2008/08/08/tn-exnoras-88888-lights-out-campaign.html OneIndia] (Tamil)<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081229153035/http://www.ishrae.in/DasBlogce/ Indian Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110708141956/http://www.chennaitown.com/news/90-chennai-88888-lights-out-on-aug-8 Chennai City News]<br />
*"Similar programmes have already been undertaken in countries like Australia, Canada, US, New Zealand, Denmark, Fiji, Philippines, Ireland and Israel. In the UK, residents of London also undertook a similar programme. The people of Mumbai also observed such a programme, added the group." ''[http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/details.asp?id=aug0808/City Appeal to switch off lamps for eight minutes today] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718164547/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/details.asp?id=aug0808%2FCity |date=2011-07-18 }}'' Aug. 7, 2008 Assam Tribune<br />
*{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/08/stories/2008080861220600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913212433/http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/08/stories/2008080861220600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 13, 2008|title=‘88888 Lights Out’ campaign today |date=August 8, 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2008-11-13}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Environment of India]]<br />
[[Category:Energy conservation]]<br />
[[Category:Energy conservation in India]]<br />
[[Category:2008 in India]]<br />
[[Category:Environmental history of India]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baranagar_Municipality&diff=489770Baranagar Municipality2026-01-29T13:44:55Z<p>Pureganics: created the bio from scratch</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Municipality in West Bengal, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox legislature<br />
| name = Baranagar Municipality<br />
| coa_pic = Baranagar Municipality logo.png<br />
| coa_res = 300px<br />
| coa_alt = Logo of Baranagar Municipality<br />
| coa_caption = Coat of Arms<br />
| house_type = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipality]]<br />
| foundation = {{start date and age|1869}}<br />
| disbanded = <br />
| preceded_by = North Suburban Municipality<br />
| succeeded_by = <br />
| leader1_type = Chairman<br />
| leader1 = Aparna Moulik<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wbdma.gov.in/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Baranagar.htm|title=Baranagar Municipality|access-date=6 May 2021|archive-date=28 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928215900/http://wbdma.gov.in/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Baranagar.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><br/>{{small|([[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]])}}<br />
| leader2_type = Vice Chairman<br />
| leader2 = Dilip Narayan Bose<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baranagarmunicipality.org/vice-chairman/|title=Vice – Chairperson of Baranagar Municipality|access-date=6 May 2021|archive-date=20 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920145037/http://baranagarmunicipality.org/vice-chairman/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br/>{{small|([[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]])}}<br />
| seats = 34<br />
| structure1 = Baranagar Municipality Ward-Wise Ruling Party.jpg<br />
| structure1_res = 300px<br />
| political_groups1 = '''Government (32)'''<br />
:{{legend|{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] 32}}<br />
'''Opposition (2)'''<br />
:{{legend|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] 2}}<br />
| session_room = Baranagar (M).jpg<br />
| session_res = 300px<br />
| meeting_place = Baranagar Municipality Headquarters <br />
| last_election1 = 2022<br />
| next_election1 = TBD<br />
| motto = <br />
| website = {{URL|www.baranagarmunicipality.org}}<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Baranagar Municipality''' is the civic body that governs [[Baranagar]] areas ([[Alambazar]], [[Bonhooghly]], [[Noapara, Baranagar|Noapara]] and [[Dunlop, Kolkata|Dunlop]]) in the [[Barrackpore subdivision]] of [[North 24 Parganas district]] in West Bengal, India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrackpore.gov.in/home/baranagar_municipality|title=Baranagar Municipality|publisher=Barrackpore sub-division|access-date=22 September 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Baranagar, an ancient region of artisan people, is situated adjacent to [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]] (KMC). The place is situated on the bank of the river [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]]. Portuguese colonies at first established their business camp here which was in existence till 1862.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baranagarmunicipality.org/|title=History of Baranagar Municipality|access-date=15 August 2019|archive-date=17 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617114156/https://baranagarmunicipality.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Portuguese settlement became the seat of a Dutch trading station and an important anchorage for Dutch shipping. The Dutch had homes here in the seventeenth century. There was a hog factory where about 3,000 hogs a year were slaughtered and salted for export. Later it became the centre for the extensive jute trade, manufacturing gunny bags. In 1795, it was ceded to the British. Constituted as the Municipality of "North Suburban" in 1869, the Municipality was renamed "Baranagar" in 1889.<ref name=Baranagar>{{cite web|url=http://baranagarmunicipality.org/right-to-information-act/|title=Baranagar Municipality – Right to Information Act|publisher=Baranagar Municipality|access-date=6 December 2019|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103000816/http://baranagarmunicipality.org/right-to-information-act/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Healthcare==<br />
Baranagar Municipality has two hospitals named "Baranagar Matri Sadan"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mobida.in/address/87-desh-bandhu-rd-baranagar-matri-sadan-qtr-700035|title=Baranagar Matri Sadan|access-date=14 August 2019|archive-date=14 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614154926/https://mobida.in/address/87-desh-bandhu-rd-baranagar-matri-sadan-qtr-700035|url-status=dead}}</ref> for women and "Eskag Sanjeevani Multispeciality Hospital".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eskagsanjeevani.com/contact-us/|title=ESKAG SANJEEVANI MULTISPECIALITY HOSPITAL|access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref> There is also a government hospital named "Baranagar State General Hospital"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tabletwise.com/hospitals/baranagar-state-general-hospital-barrackpur-ii|title=Baranagar State General Hospital|access-date=14 August 2019|archive-date=3 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703132139/https://www.tabletwise.com/hospitals/baranagar-state-general-hospital-barrackpur-ii|url-status=dead}}</ref> in [[Baranagar]].<br />
<br />
==Elections==<br />
Baranagar Municipality has '''34''' [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|wards]].<br />
<br />
===2022 West Bengal Municipality election===<br />
{| style="width:65%; text-align:center;"<br />
| style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}; width:94.12%;" |'''32'''<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; width:5.88%;" |'''2'''<br />
|-<br />
|<span style="color:#333;">'''AITC'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:#333;">'''CPI(M)'''</span><br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Party<br />
![[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
![[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}};" |<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};" |<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |Seats<br />
|-<br />
|{{Composition bar|32|34|hex={{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}}}<br />
|{{Composition bar|2|34|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}<br />
|}<br />
In the 2022 municipal elections for Baranagar Municipality, [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] won 32 seats, and [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] 2 seats.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.wbme.org/|title=Municipal General Election Results|work=Results of Municipal General Elections 2022|publisher=[[West Bengal State Election Commission]]|access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2015 West Bengal Municipality election===<br />
{| style="width:65%; text-align:center;"<br />
| style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}; width:94.12%;" |'''32'''<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; width:5.88%;" |'''2'''<br />
|-<br />
|<span style="color:#333;">'''AITC'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:#333;">'''CPI(M)'''</span><br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Party<br />
![[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
![[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}};" |<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};" |<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |Seats<br />
|-<br />
|{{Composition bar|32|34|hex={{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}}}<br />
|{{Composition bar|2|34|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}<br />
|}<br />
In the 2015 municipal elections for Baranagar Municipality, [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] won 32 seats, and [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] 2 seats.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wbsec.gov.in/results/municipal_election_detailed_result/TURSdUtwTm0xZnowTFFmeDhaRVcrQWJDSVFtMWVPN0N1dDFsNDFYYWR3ZTRiNjcxL1kvaTBKaS95Y1NhMXVNeFh0VWVNTTIrM1hsRkhNdWRFOHFmT01sU0xLWTUrOXljVW5XRUViWXcwTFhSZkFOdUt4b2F6SFdnZXJUTjB0WUhuRkdFVWo0U0Z3eHBYeUlWY0pCd3plb25CWTZ1Zm9VY01KaDVGYWQyRmNuN1gxZGdqVm1NYkM1dnJac3pyS2Q5aHBIdW9UQUwvczFteFVaSFlWclVPNVVFTFA5VGpHUW9ZTHpOUU9qTERrd2k1djhnYkZmQ1dudmJGV0NsS1ZxcWJicWNGWW1QMWtBZTBHVzFnTjZUYjdZNHA5b0t1SWk4WXh4Mk56b2Q5UlB0MGxyQXJUblpKMk1xLzc1VXZPMG9vZHJMQnhwWTZSQ1VzWFY2d25LUzVLOXJJQTBuWHNlNXJRL1B3Zz09|title=Municipal General Election Results|work=Results of Municipal General Elections 2015|publisher=[[West Bengal State Election Commission]]|access-date=4 July 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2010 West Bengal Municipality election===<br />
{| style="width:65%; text-align:center;"<br />
| style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}; width:58.8%;" |'''20'''<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; width:32.3%;" |'''11'''<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:5.8%;" |'''2'''<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}; width:2.9%;" |'''1'''<br />
|-<br />
|<span style="color:#333;">'''AITC'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:#333;">'''CPI(M)'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:#333;">'''INC'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:#333;">'''CPI'''</span><br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Party<br />
![[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
![[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
![[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
![[Communist Party of India|CPI]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}};" |<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};" |<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}};"|<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |Seats<br />
|-<br />
|{{Composition bar|20|34|hex={{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}}}<br />
|{{Composition bar|11|34|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}<br />
|{{Composition bar|2|34|hex={{party color|Indian National Congress}}}}<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|34|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}<br />
|}<br />
In the 2010 municipal elections for Baranagar Municipality, [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] won 20 seats, [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] 11 seats, [[Indian National Congress|INC]] 2 seats, and [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] 1 seat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbsec.gov.in/results/municipal_election_detailed_result/YWdGNnMzbVk3SjRBdjZrMkhpQ0kvQ2JFSkVWTFE3RzdWeTd0dEtzR1l6ZS9CaHR2YmxDRTF5ck1HVStiUzVyRStpZ0lLQTdxNng2OFRieWRIdFM4NnB4WnV6b0krbXhnRHlubTUwS2ZhV0w0Nmo4aDJwLzA2NVJBWHhmUUxjeXFxaFVZKzNycytiTUxRN2xsM0hTdzZyWEI4NnlzWHdtY2VLUyt1MVEwM0RiVlpFTGcvNmRNcGt6dnJ4aEtZL1RxMUhNVmQycDNES2ZYNU01WnZ6bnZwTVNqYzdmOUpNNTcxYzgwWFV0bi95VUlEVzUvdmJkcUJYSkozZ2FGbmZiWnN3UFh0T0tsVThpbVBOY1NJL2dRSi9SSndzQ3EzZitTbktRdzdjMVRzSFRRWUlYaUVubklQWEZ0VmZlSFoyc1NyUkNxbHJ1cFpBOEtyRktLZk1sTExRdjZPTS9uMEV4UEt6SUxsdz09|title=Municipal General Election Results|work=Results of Municipal General Elections 2010|publisher=[[West Bengal State Election Commission]]|access-date=19 November 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
== List of Councillors ==<br />
Following is the list of councillors of Baranagar Municipality at present: <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Councillor Municipal Election 2022 |url=http://baranagarmunicipality.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/List-of-Councillors-2022.pdf}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Ward No.<br />
!Name of Councillor<br />
! colspan="2"|Party<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|Usha Bera<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|Sagarika Banerjee<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|Sudhangshu Awon<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|Pritha Mukherjee<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|Arif Hussain<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|Puspa Roy<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|Nilu Gupta<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|Gour Jana<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
|Ramkrishna Paul<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|Titli Patra Majumdar<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|Ashoke De<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|Sanchita Dey<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|Dalia Mukherjee<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|Santanu Majumder<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|Aparna Moulik<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|Sampa Chandra<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|Anjan Paul<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|Sunath Biswas<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|19<br />
|Sampa Kundu<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|20<br />
|Netai Saha<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|21<br />
|Dilip Narayan Bose<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Swati Das<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|Subiman Ghosh<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Ashim Kumar Ganguly<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|Susmita Chatterjee<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|26<br />
|Alpana Naha<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|27<br />
|Biswajit Bardhan<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|28<br />
|Ruma Dutta<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Anindya Chaudhuri<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Jayanta Roy<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|Nivedita Basak<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|32<br />
|Sumitra Biswas<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|33<br />
|Amar Paul<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Sisir Bhattacharya<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of municipal corporations in India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* {{Official|http://baranagarmunicipality.org/}}<br />
<br />
{{Baranagar}}<br />
{{North 24 Parganas District}}<br />
{{North 24 Parganas topics}}<br />
{{Kolkata neighbourhoods}}<br />
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|West Bengal}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Baranagar]]<br />
[[Category:Municipalities of West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Government buildings completed in 1869]]<br />
[[Category:1869 establishments in British India]]<br />
[[Category:Organisations based in Kolkata]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kolkata]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Rajiv_Gandhi_ministry&diff=533845Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry2026-01-24T14:03:09Z<p>Pureganics: Added basic details initial version</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Ministers in Government of India headed by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi (1984 - 1989)}}<br />
{{use Indian English|date=April 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox government cabinet<br />
|cabinet_name = Rajiv Gandhi Ministry<br />
|cabinet_type=ministry<br />
|cabinet_number = 13th<br />
|jurisdiction = the [[Republic of India]]<br />
|incumbent = <br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg<br />
| flag_border = true<br />
|image = RajivGandhi.jpg<br />
|image_size =<br />
|caption = Portrait of Rajiv Gandhi<br />
|date_formed = {{Start date|df=yes|1984|12|31}}<br />
|date_dissolved = {{Start date|df=yes|1989|12|02}}<br />
|government_head = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
|government_head_history = <br />
|deputy_government_head = <br />
|state_head = [[Zail Singh]] <small>(until 25 July 1987)</small><br />[[R. Venkataraman]] <small>(from 25 July 1987)</small><br />
|members_number = <br />
|former_members_number = <br />
|total_number = <br />
|political_party = [[Indian National Congress (I)]]<br /><small>(Congress alliance)</small><br />
|legislature_status = [[Majority government|Majority]]<br />
|election = [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]<br />
|last_election = [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]<br />
|legislature_term = {{Age in years, months and days|1984|12|31|1989|12|02}}<br />
|budget = <br />
|opposition_cabinet = <br />
|opposition_party = ''None''<br />
|opposition_leader = ''None''<br />
|incoming_formation = <br />
|outgoing_formation = <br />
|previous = [[First Rajiv Gandhi ministry]]<br />
|successor = [[V. P. Singh ministry]]<br />
}}{{Rajiv Gandhi series}}<br />
The '''Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry''' was the 11th [[List of Indian union ministries|union council of ministers]] of [[Republic of India|India]] which was formed on 31 December 1984 after the [[1984 Indian general election|1984 general election]] which resulted in the formation of a majority government by the [[Indian National Congress]] party under the leadership of Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]].<br />
<br />
Rajiv Gandhi's cabinet included 7 [[Agriculturists]], 15 [[Lawyers]], 4 [[Journalists]] and 3 former [[Princely state]] rulers.<ref>{{cite book |author-link= Kuldeep Mathur & James Warner Björkman|title= Top Policy Makers in India: Cabinet Ministers and Their Civil Service Advisors|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kCx4gxkkbiQC&pg=PA48|page= 37|isbn= 9788170225300|last1= Mathur|first1= Kuldeep|year= 1994}}</ref><br />
<br />
The ministry also included 2 ministers from [[Northeast India]].<br />
<br />
==Council of Ministers==<br />
===Cabinet Ministers===<br />
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}<br />
!Remarks<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]<br />[[Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]]<br/>[[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)|Minister of Science and Technology]]<br/>[[Department of Atomic Energy]]<br />[[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology|Department of Electronics]]<br/>[[Ministry of Earth Sciences|Department of Ocean Development]]<br />[[Department of Space]]<br />And also in-charge of all other important portfolios and policy issues<br>not allocated to any Minister.<br />
| minister1 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = <ref>{{URL|https://web.archive.org/web/20110511110825/http://pmindia.nic.in/former.htm}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 11 March 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 14 March 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Buta Singh]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister3_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]]<br />
| minister1 = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 29 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 29 September 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 24 January 1987<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = {{small|Prime Minister was responsible.}}<br />
| minister3 = [[V. P. Singh]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 24 January 1987<br />
| minister3_termend = 12 April 1987<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[K. C. Pant]]<br />
| minister4_termstart = 12 April 1987<br />
| minister4_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Prime Minister was responsible.}}<br />
| minister2 = [[Bali Ram Bhagat]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[P. Shiv Shankar]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister3_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[N. D. Tiwari]]<br />
| minister4_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister4_termend = 25 July 1987<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister5 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
| minister5_termstart = 25 July 1987<br />
| minister5_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister5_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister5_ref = {{small|Prime Minister was responsible.}}<br />
| minister6 = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]<br />
| minister6_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister6_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister6_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister6_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]]<br />
| minister1 = [[V. P. Singh]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 24 January 1987<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 24 January 1987<br />
| minister2_termend = 25 July 1987<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = {{small|Prime Minister was responsible.}}<br />
| minister3 = [[N. D. Tiwari]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 25 July 1987<br />
| minister3_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]<br />
| minister4_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister4_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Planning (India)|Minister of Planning]]<br />
| minister1 = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 14 January 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 14 January 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 25 July 1987<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = {{small|Prime Minister was responsible.}}<br />
| minister3 = [[P. Shiv Shankar]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 25 July 1987<br />
| minister3_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister3_ref = {{small|Merged with Ministry of Programme Implementation<br>to form Ministry of Planning and Programme<br>Implementation.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation|Minister of Programme Implementation]]<br />
| minister1 = [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury|A. B. A. Ghani Khan<br>Choudhury]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 4 May 1987<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 4 May 1987<br />
| minister2_termend = 25 July 1987<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = {{small|Prime Minister was responsible}}<br />
| minister3 = [[P. Shiv Shankar]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 25 July 1987<br />
| minister3_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister3_ref = {{small|Merged with Ministry of Planning to form<br>Ministry of Planning and Programme<br>Implementation.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Planning (India)|Minister of Planning and Programme Implementation]]<br />
| minister1 = [[P. Shiv Shankar]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Madhavsinh Solanki]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister2_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Minister of Commerce and Supply]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 14 January 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Prime Minister was responsible.}}<br />
| minister2 = [[V. P. Singh]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 14 January 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 30 March 1985<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = {{small|Bifurcated into Ministry of Commerce and<br>Ministry of Supply and Textiles.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Commerce and Industry (India)|Minister of Commerce]]<br />
| minister1 = [[V. P. Singh]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 30 March 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Khurshed Alam Khan]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 15 November 1985<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
| minister3 = [[Arjun Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Arjun Singh]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 15 November 1985<br />
| minister3_termend = 20 January 1986<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[P. Shiv Shankar]]<br />
| minister4_termstart = 20 January 1986<br />
| minister4_termend = 25 July 1987<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister5 = [[N. D. Tiwari]]<br />
| minister5_termstart = 25 July 1987<br />
| minister5_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister5_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister5_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister6 = [[Dinesh Singh (politician, born 1925)|Dinesh Singh]]<br />
| minister6_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister6_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister6_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister6_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Textiles (India)|Minister of Supply and Textiles]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Chandrashekhar Singh]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 30 March 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.<br>Renamed as Textiles.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Textiles (India)|Minister of Textiles]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Khurshed Alam Khan]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 15 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
| minister2 = [[Ram Niwas Mirdha]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 15 February 1988<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
| minister3 = [[Ram Niwas Mirdha]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 15 February 1988<br />
| minister3_termend = 2 September 1989<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Minister of Industry and Company Affairs]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 14 January 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Prime Minister was responsible.}}<br />
| minister2 = [[Veerendra Patil]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 14 January 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = {{small|Renamed as Industry.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Minister of Industry]]<br />
| minister1 = [[N. D. Tiwari]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Jalagam Vengala Rao]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers|Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Veerendra Patil]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Merged into Ministry of Industry.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution|Minister of Food and Civil Supplies]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Birender Singh (politician, born 1921)|Rao Birender Singh]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 27 January 1986<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
| minister3 = [[P. Shiv Shankar]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 27 January 1986<br />
| minister3_termend = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[H. K. L. Bhagat]]<br />
| minister4_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister4_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister5 = [[Sukh Ram]]<br />
| minister5_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister5_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister5_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister5_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Agriculture (India)|Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Buta Singh]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Renamed as Agriculture.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Agriculture (India)|Minister of Agriculture]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Buta Singh]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Gurdial Singh Dhillon]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Bhajan Lal Bishnoi|Bhajan Lal]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister3_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Power (India)|Minister of Irrigation and Power]]<br />
| minister1 = [[B. Shankaranand]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Bifurcated into Ministry of Water Resources and<br>Ministry of Energy.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation|Minister of Water Resources]]<br />
| minister1 = [[B. Shankaranand]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 22 August 1987<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 22 August 1987<br />
| minister2_termend = 10 November 1987<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = {{small|Prime Minister was responsible.}}<br />
| minister3 = [[Ram Niwas Mirdha]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 10 November 1987<br />
| minister3_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister3_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
| minister4 = [[Dinesh Singh (politician, born 1925)|Dinesh Singh]]<br />
| minister4_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister4_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister5 = [[B. Shankaranand]]<br />
| minister5_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister5_termend = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister5_party = Indian National Congress <br />
| minister5_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister6 = [[M. M. Jacob]]<br />
| minister6_termstart = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister6_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister6_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister6_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Power (India)|Minister of Energy]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Vasant Sathe]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 3 September 1988<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Makhan Lal Fotedar]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 3 September 1988<br />
| minister2_termend = 19 September 1988<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = {{small|Additional charge during leave of Vasant Sathe.}}<br />
| minister3 = [[Vasant Sathe]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 19 September 1988<br />
| minister3_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (India)|Minister of Works and Housing]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Abdul Ghafoor (politician, born 1918)|Abdul Ghafoor]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Renamed as Urban Development.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs|Minister of Urban Development]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Abdul Ghafoor (politician, born 1918)|Abdul Ghafoor]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
| minister2 = [[Mohsina Kidwai]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Minister of Labour]]<br />
| minister1 = [[T. Anjaiah]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 20 January 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
| minister2 = [[P. A. Sangma]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 20 September 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 6 February 1988<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
| minister3 = [[Makhan Lal Fotedar]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 6 February 1988<br />
| minister3_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[Jagdish Tytler]]<br />
| minister4_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister4_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister4_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
| minister5 = [[Bindeshwari Dubey]]<br />
| minister5_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister5_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister5_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister5_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Minister of Parliamentary Affairs]]<br />
| minister1 = [[H. K. L. Bhagat]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Law and Justice (India)|Minister of Law and Justice]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Ashoke Kumar Sen]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 31 March 1987<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[P. Shiv Shankar]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 31 March 1987<br />
| minister2_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Bindeshwari Dubey]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister3_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[B. Shankaranand]]<br />
| minister4_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister4_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Health and Family Welfare (India)|Minister of Health and Family Welfare]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Ashoke Kumar Sen]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 24 June 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 24 June 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Motilal Vora]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister3_termend = 24 January 1989<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[Ram Niwas Mirdha]]<br />
| minister4_termstart = 24 January 1989<br />
| minister4_termend = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister5 = [[Rafique Alam]]<br />
| minister5_termstart = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister5_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister5_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister5_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Minister of Tourism and Civil Aviation]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 14 January 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Prime Minister was responsible.<br>Bifurcated into Ministry of Tourism and Department of<br>Civil Aviation.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Minister of Tourism]]<br />
| minister1 = [[H. K. L. Bhagat]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 15 July 1987<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 15 July 1987<br />
| minister3_termend = 28 July 1987<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = {{small|Prime Minister was responsible.}}<br />
| minister4 = [[Jagdish Tytler]]<br />
| minister4_termstart = 28 July 1987<br />
| minister4_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister4_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
| minister5 = [[Mohsina Kidwai]]<br />
| minister5_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister5_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister5_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister5_ref = {{small|Merged with Ministry of Civil Aviation to form<br>Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Railways (India)|Minister of Railways]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Bansi Lal]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Merged with Ministry of Shipping and Transport and<br>Department of Civil Aviation to form Ministry of Transport.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (India)|Minister of Shipping and Transport]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Ziaur Rahman Ansari]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.<br>Merged with Ministry of Railways and Department of Civil<br>Aviation to form Ministry of Transport.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (India)|Minister of Transport]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Bansi Lal]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 4 June 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 4 June 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 24 June 1986<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress <br />
| minister2_ref = {{small|Prime Minister was responsible.}}<br />
| minister3 = [[Mohsina Kidwai]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 24 June 1986<br />
| minister3_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = {{small|Bifurcated into Ministry of Surface Transport, <br>Ministry of Railways and Ministry of Civil Aviation.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Minister of Civil Aviation]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Jagdish Tytler]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress <br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
| minister2 = [[Motilal Vora]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister2_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = {{small|Merged with Ministry of Tourism to form Ministry of<br>Civil Aviation and Tourism.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Education (India)|Minister of Education]]<br />
| minister1 = [[K. C. Pant]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Renamed as Human Resource Development.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Education (India)|Minister of Human Resource Development]]<br />
| minister1 = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[P. Shiv Shankar]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister2_termend = 2 September 1989<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)|Minister of Environment and Forests]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Prime Minister was responsible.}}<br />
| minister2 = [[Bhajan Lal Bishnoi|Bhajan Lal]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Ziaur Rahman Ansari]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister3_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
| minister4 = [[Ziaur Rahman Ansari]]<br />
| minister4_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister4_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas|Minister of Petroleum]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Nawal Kishore Sharma]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.<br>Renamed as Petroleum and Natural Gas.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas|Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Nawal Kishore Sharma]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 20 October 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
| minister2 = [[Chandrashekhar Singh]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 20 October 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 9 July 1986<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
| minister3 = [[N. D. Tiwari]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 9 July 1986<br />
| minister3_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[Brahm Dutt]]<br />
| minister4_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister4_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister4_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Steel (India)|Minister of Steel]], [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Mines and]] [[Ministry of Coal (India)|Coal]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Vasant Sathe]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Bifurcated into Ministry of Steel and Mines, and<br>Department of Coal (Ministry of Energy).}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Steel (India)|Minister of Steel and]] [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Mines]]<br />
| minister1 = [[K. C. Pant]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 12 April 1987<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Vasant Sathe]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 12 April 1987<br />
| minister2_termend = 25 July 1987<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress <br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Makhan Lal Fotedar]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 25 July 1987<br />
| minister3_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Minister of Information and Broadcasting]]<br />
| minister1 = [[V. N. Gadgil]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
| minister2 = [[Ajit Kumar Panja]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
| minister3 = [[H. K. L. Bhagat]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister3_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Communications (India)|Minister of Communications]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Ram Niwas Mirdha]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
| minister2 = [[Arjun Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Arjun Singh]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Vasant Sathe]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister3_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[Vir Bahadur Singh]]<br />
| minister4_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister4_termend = 30 May 1989<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister5 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
| minister5_termstart = 31 May 1989<br />
| minister5_termend = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister5_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister5_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister6 = [[Giridhar Gamang]]<br />
| minister6_termstart = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister6_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister6_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister6_ref = {{small|Minister of State (I/C) was responsible.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table end}}<br />
<br />
===Ministers of State (Independent Charge)===<br />
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}<br />
!Remarks<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment|Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Women and Social Welfare]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Maragatham Chandrasekar]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Renamed as Welfare.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment|Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Welfare]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Rajendra Kumari Bajpai]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Railways]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Madhavrao Scindia]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Surface Transport (India)|Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Surface Transport]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Rajesh Pilot]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Civil Aviation and]] [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Tourism]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Shivraj Patil]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister1_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table end}}<br />
<br />
===Ministers of State===<br />
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}<br />
!Remarks<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Ram Dulari Sinha]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Arif Mohammad Khan]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 12 August 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[P. A. Sangma]] {{small|(States)}}<br />
| minister3_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister3_termend = 20 January 1986<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[Arun Nehru]] {{small|(Internal Security)}}<br />
| minister4_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister4_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister5 = [[Ram Niwas Mirdha]]<br />
| minister5_termstart = 14 March 1986<br />
| minister5_termend = 14 June 1986<br />
| minister5_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister5_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister6 = [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]] {{small|(States)}}<br />
| minister6_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister6_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister6_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister6_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister7 = [[P. Chidambaram]]<br />
| minister7_termstart = 24 June 1986<br />
| minister7_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister7_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister7_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister8 = [[Chintamani Panigrahi]]<br />
| minister8_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister8_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister8_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister8_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister9 = [[Santosh Mohan Dev]]<br>{{small|(Internal Security)}}<br />
| minister9_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister9_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister9_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister9_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Khurshed Alam Khan]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Eduardo Faleiro]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister3_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[K. Natwar Singh]]<br />
| minister4_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister4_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister5 = [[K. K. Tewary]]<br />
| minister5_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister5_termend = 22 April 1989<br />
| minister5_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister5_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Janardhana Poojary]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[B. K. Gadhvi]] {{small|(Expenditure)}}<br />
| minister2_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Brahm Dutt]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 24 January 1987<br />
| minister3_termend = 25 July 1987<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[Ajit Kumar Panja]] {{small|(Revenue)}}<br />
| minister4_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister4_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister5 = [[Eduardo Faleiro]]<br>{{small|(Economic Affairs)}}<br />
| minister5_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister5_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister5_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister5_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)|Minister of State in the Departments of Science and Technology]], [[Department of Space|Space]],<br/>[[Department of Atomic Energy|Atomic Energy]], [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology|Electronics]], and [[Ministry of Earth Sciences|Ocean Development]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Shivraj Patil]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[K. R. Narayan]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress <br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Planning (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Planning]]<br />
| minister1 = [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Ajit Kumar Panja]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Sukh Ram]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister3_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Planning (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Planning and Programme Implementation]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Biren Sing Engti]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister1_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Defence]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Sukh Ram]]<br>{{small|(Defence Production and<br>Supplies)}}<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Arun Singh (politician, born 1944)|Arun Singh]]<br>{{small|(Defence Research and<br>Development Organisation)}}<br />
| minister2_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 18 July 1987<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Shivraj Patil]]<br>{{small|(Defence Production)}}<br />
| minister3_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister3_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[Santosh Mohan Dev]]<br />
| minister4_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister4_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister5 = [[Chintamani Panigrahi]]<br>{{small|(Defence Production and<br>Supplies)}}<br />
| minister5_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister5_termend = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister5_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister5_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister6 = [[Dumar Lal Baitha]]<br>{{small|(Defence Production and<br>Supplies)}}<br />
| minister6_termstart = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister6_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister6_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister6_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Yogendra Makwana]] {{small|(Health)}}<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Saroj Khaparde]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Commerce and Supply]]<br />
| minister1 = [[P. A. Sangma]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 1 January 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Commerce]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Brahm Dutt]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister1_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Priya Ranjan Dasmunsi]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Industry and Company Affairs]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Arif Mohammad Khan]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Renamed as Industry.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Commerce and Industry (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Industry]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Rajkumar Jaichandra Singh]]<br>{{small|(Chemicals and Petrochemicals)}}<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 18 February 1988<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[M. Arunachalam (politician)|M. Arunachalam]]<br>{{small|(Industrial Development)}}<br />
| minister2_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[K. K. Tewary]]<br>{{small|(Public Enterprises)}}<br />
| minister3_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister3_termend = 23 July 1987<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[P. Namgyal]]<br>{{small|(Chemicals and Petrochemicals)}}<br />
| minister4_termstart = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister4_termend = 2 September 1989<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Agriculture (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Chandulal Chandrakar]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 1 January 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Renamed as Agriculture.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Agriculture (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Yogendra Makwana]]<br>{{small|(Agriculture and Cooperation)}}<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[K. Natwar Singh]] {{small|(Fertilizers)}}<br />
| minister2_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Ramanand Yadav]]<br>{{small|(Rural Development)}}<br />
| minister3_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister3_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[R. Prabhu]] {{small|(Fertilizers)}}<br />
| minister4_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister4_termend = 2 September 1989<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister5 = [[Janardhana Poojary]]<br>{{small|(Rural Development)}}<br />
| minister5_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister5_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister5_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister5_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister6 = [[Hari Krishna Shastri]]<br>{{small|(Agriculture Research and<br>Education)}}<br />
| minister6_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister6_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister6_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister6_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister7 = [[Shyamlal Yadav]]<br>{{small|(Agriculture and Cooperation)}}<br />
| minister7_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister7_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister7_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister7_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Power (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Energy]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Arun Nehru]] {{small|(Power)}}<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Arif Mohammad Khan]] {{small|(Power)}}<br />
| minister2_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 26 February 1986<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Sushila Rohatgi]] {{small|(Power)}}<br />
| minister3_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister3_termend = 9 May 1988<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[C. K. Jaffer Sharief]] {{small|(Coal)}}<br />
| minister4_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister4_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Steel (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Steel]], [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Mines and]] [[Ministry of Coal (India)|Coal]]<br />
| minister1 = [[K. Natwar Singh]] {{small|(Steel)}}<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Bifurcated into Ministry of Steel and Mines,<br>and Department of Coal (Ministry of Energy).}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Steel (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Steel and]] [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Mines]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Ram Dulari Sinha]] {{small|(Mines)}}<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2 = [[Ramanand Yadav]] {{small|(Mines)}}<br />
| minister2_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister2_termend = 12 April 1988<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Yogendra Makwana]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister3_termend = 2 October 1988<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[Mahaveer Prasad]] {{small|(Mines)}}<br />
| minister4_termstart = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister4_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Railways (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Railways]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Madhavrao Scindia]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Merged to form Ministry of Transport.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Surface Transport (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Transport]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Madhavrao Scindia]] {{small|(Railways)}}<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Rajesh Pilot]] {{small|(Surface Transport)}}<br />
| minister2_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Jagdish Tytler]] {{small|(Civil Aviation)}}<br />
| minister3_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister3_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Margaret Alva]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister2_termend = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Sitaram Kesri]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister3_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I) <br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[Sheila Dikshit]]<br />
| minister4_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister4_termend = 2 September 1989<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister5 = [[M. M. Jacob]]<br />
| minister5_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister5_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister5_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister5_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister6 = [[P. Namgyal]]<br />
| minister6_termstart = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister6_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister6_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister6_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister7 = [[Radhakishan Malviya]]<br />
| minister7_termstart = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister7_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister7_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister7_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Law and Justice (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Law and Justice]]<br />
| minister1 = [[H. R. Bhardwaj]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions|Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel and Training, Public<br>Grievances and Pensions and Administrative Reforms]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]]<br>{{small|(Personnel and Administrative<br>Reforms)}}<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 15 March 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 15 March 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Shivraj Patil]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister3_termend = 4 October 1985<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions|Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances<br>and Pensions]]<br />
| minister1 = [[P. Chidambaram]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 20 January 1986<br />
| minister1_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Minister of State in the Department of Culture]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Merged into Ministry of Human<br>Resource Development.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports|Minister of State in the Department of Youth Affairs and Sports]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Rajkumar Jaichandra Singh]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Merged into Ministry of Human<br>Resource Development.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Education (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Human Resource Development]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Sushila Rohatgi]]<br>{{small|(Education and Culture)}}<br />
| minister1_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister1_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Margaret Alva]]<br>{{small|(Women and Child Development,<br>Youth Affairs and Sports)}}<br />
| minister2_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister2_termend = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Laliteshwar Prasad Shahi]]<br>{{small|(Education and Culture)}}<br />
| minister3_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister3_termend = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister4 = [[Laliteshwar Prasad Shahi]]<br>{{small|(Education)}}<br />
| minister4_termstart = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister4_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister4_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister5 = [[Krishna Sahi]] {{small|(Culture)}}<br />
| minister5_termstart = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister5_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister5_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister5_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Tourism and]] [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Civil Aviation]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Ashok Gehlot]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 24 August 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = {{small|Bifurcated into Ministry of Tourism and<br>Ministry of Civil Aviation.}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Tourism]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister2 = [[Santosh Mohan Dev]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Giridhar Gamang]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister3_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment and Forests]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Vir Sen]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 31 December 1984<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2 = [[Ziaur Rahman Ansari]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
| minister3 = [[Sumati Oraon]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister3_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs|Minister of State in the Ministry of Urban Development]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Dalbir Singh]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution|Minister of State in the Ministry of Food and Civil Supplies]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Ajit Kumar Panja]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 19 February 1986<br />
| minister1_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2 = [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 7 September 1987<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas|Minister of State in the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Sushila Rohatgi]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 24 June 1986<br />
| minister1_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation|Minister of State in the Ministry of Water Resources]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Krishna Sahi]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister1_termend = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Sheila Dikshit]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister1_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]<br />
| minister1 = [[S. Krishna Kumar]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister1_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2 = [[K. K. Tewary]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 22 April 1989<br />
| minister2_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Textiles (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Textiles]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Rafique Alam]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister1_termend = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2 = [[Saroj Khaparde]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister2_termend = 2 December 1989<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2_ref = &nbsp;<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Communications (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Communications]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Santosh Mohan Dev]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2 = [[Giridhar Gamang]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister2_termend = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Minister of State in the Ministry of Labour]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Radhakishan Malviya]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister1_termend = 2 September 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table end}}<br />
<br />
===Deputy Ministers===<br />
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Commerce]]<br />
| minister1 = [[P. Chidambaram]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 27 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2 = [[P. Chidambaram]]<br>{{small|(Textiles)}}<br />
| minister2_termstart = 27 September 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 4 October 1985<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment|Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Welfare]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Giridhar Gamang]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 15 February 1988<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2 = [[Sumati Oraon]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 15 February 1988<br />
| minister2_termend = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)|Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]]<br />
| minister1 = [[S. Krishna Kumar]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions|Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Personnel, Administrative Reforms, Training,<br>Public Grievances and Pensions]]<br />
| minister2 = [[Biren Sing Engti]]<br>{{small|(Personnel and Training)}}<br />
| minister2_termstart = 12 May 1986<br />
| minister2_termend = 4 June 1986<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister1 = [[P. Chidambaram]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 4 October 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 20 January 1986<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress <br />
| minister3 = [[Biren Sing Engti]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 4 June 1986<br />
| minister3_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Textiles (India)|Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Textiles]]<br />
| minister1 = [[S. Krishna Kumar]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 22 October 1986<br />
| minister1_termend = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]<br />
| minister1 = [[S. Krishna Kumar]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Railways]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Mahaveer Prasad]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister1_termend = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution|Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Food and Civil Supplies]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Dumar Lal Baitha]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister1_termend = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (India)|Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Rafique Alam]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Labour]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Radhakishan Malviya]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 14 February 1988<br />
| minister1_termend = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Surface Transport (India)|Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Surface Transport]]<br />
| minister1 = [[P. Namgyal]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 15 February 1988<br />
| minister1_termend = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Radhakishan Malviya]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister1_termend = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2 = [[P. Namgyal]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 25 June 1988<br />
| minister2_termend = 4 July 1989<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress <br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table end}}<br />
<br />
===Parliamentary Secretaries===<br />
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}<br />
{{Cabinet table minister<br />
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister]]<br />
| minister1 = [[Oscar Fernandes]]<br />
| minister1_termstart = 1 January 1985<br />
| minister1_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister2 = [[Ahmed Patel]]<br />
| minister2_termstart = 1 January 1985<br />
| minister2_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
| minister3 = [[Arun Singh (politician, born 1944)|Arun Singh]]<br />
| minister3_termstart = 1 January 1985<br />
| minister3_termend = 25 September 1985<br />
| minister3_party = Indian National Congress (I)<br />
}}<br />
{{Cabinet table end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Indian federal ministries}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian union ministries|Rajiv II]]<br />
[[Category:Rajiv Gandhi administration]]<br />
[[Category:1984 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:1989 disestablishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Cabinets established in 1984]]<br />
[[Category:Cabinets disestablished in 1989]]<br />
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 1984|Rajiv II]]<br />
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 1989|Rajiv II]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Napoklu&diff=520443Napoklu2026-01-09T13:35:05Z<p>Pureganics: Entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Napoklu<br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = Village<br />
| image_skyline =<br />
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka<br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|12.306988|N|75.687820|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kodagu]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of taluks of Karnataka|Taluk]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Madikeri]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = Grama Panchayath<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 12.24<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = 904<br />
| population_total = 3429 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/619/download/2124/DH_2011_2922_PART_B_DCHB_KODAGU.pdf|access-date=1 September 2023|title=Census Data Handbook 2011;page 69}}</ref><br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 571214<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = 08272<br />
| registration_plate = KA-12<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| official_name = Napoklu <br />
| image_seal = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
}}<br />
'''Napoklu''' is a village in [[Madikeri]] taluk in [[Kodagu]] district of [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. As per census survey of India 2011, the location code number of Napoklu is 617851.<br />
<br />
Napoklu is located 21&nbsp;km from its district headquarter [[Madikeri]] and 265&nbsp;km from the state capital [[Bengaluru]].<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
Napoklu is located towards western half of the district. [[Kaveri River]] flows in the outskirts of the village. There are no major [[List of state highways in Karnataka|state highways]] passing through Napoklu. It has hot and wet type of climate. Major crops grown here are Paddy, Coffee and Black Pepper.<br />
<br />
===Rainfall===<br />
In 2018, Napoklu received an annual rainfall of {{convert|5278|mm|in}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ksndmc.org/en/Root/DownloadFile?path=%5C%5C192.168.2.21%5Ce%24%5CKSNDMC%20REPORTS%5CAnnual%20Report%5CAnnual%20State%20Report%5CAR_2018.pdf&fileName=Annual%20State%20Reports_2018.pdf|access-date=14 August 2023|title=Annual State Report 2018}}</ref> <br />
In 2022, it received {{convert|3260|mm|in}} of annual rainfall.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ksndmc.org/en/Root/DownloadFile?path=%5C%5C192.168.2.21%5Ce%24%5CKSNDMC%20REPORTS%5CAnnual%20Report%5CAnnual%20State%20Report%5CAR_2022.pdf&fileName=Annual%20State%20Reports_2022.pdf|access-date=21 June 2023|title=Annual State Report 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Kodagu district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Kodagu-geo-stub}}</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_real_GDP_growth_rate&diff=452923List of countries by real GDP growth rate2026-01-05T16:44:13Z<p>Pureganics: fix information per sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|None}}<br />
{{use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br />
[[File:GDP GROWTH.webp|thumb|345x345px|Countries by real GDP growth rate in % for 2024 (IMF WEO database)<br />
{{Col-begin}}<br />
{{Col-break}}<br />
{{legend|#B33131|below −2.7}}<br />
{{legend|#E09506|−2.7 to 0.0}}<br />
{{legend|#7FB45B|0.0 to 2.9}}<br />
{{Col-break}}<br />
{{legend|#159451|3.0 to 5.9}}<br />
{{legend|#06734C|above 5.9}}<br />
{{legend|#D6D8DB|no data}}<br />
{{Col-end}}]]<br />
<br />
This article includes lists of countries and [[Dependent territory|dependent territories]] sorted by their [[real gross domestic product]] [[economic growth|growth rate]]; the rate of growth of the total value of all final goods and services produced within a state in a given year compared with the previous year. The figures are from the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF) World Economic Outlook Database, unless otherwise specified.<ref name="IMF">{{Cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/index.php |publisher=IMF |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
This list is not to be confused with the [[list of countries by real GDP per capita growth]], which is the percentage change of GDP per person taking into account the [[List of countries by population growth rate|changing population of the country]]. [[List of countries by GNI per capita growth]] measures changes in [[gross national income]] per capita.<br />
<br />
== List ==<br />
As referenced in the introductory paragraph, the figures in the following list are from the [[International Monetary Fund]] World Economic Outlook Database (2025) unless otherwise specified.<ref name="IMF" /><br />
{|<br />
|+'''List of countries by real GDP growth rate'''<br />
| width="47.5%" align="center" valign="top" |<br />
{{table alignment}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text col1left col2right"<br />
|+Growth by country<br />
! Country !! Rate (%)<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Albania}} || 3.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Algeria}} || 3.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Andorra}} || 2.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Angola}} || 2.1<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} || 2.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Argentina}} || 4.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Armenia}} || 4.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Aruba}} || 2.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Australia}} || 1.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Austria}} || 0.3<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || 3.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Bahamas}} || 2.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Bahrain}} || 2.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Bangladesh}} || 3.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Barbados}} || 2.7<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Belarus}} || 2.1<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Belgium}} || 1.1<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Belize}} || 1.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Benin}} || 7.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Bhutan}} || 6.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Bolivia}} || 0.6<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} || 2.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Botswana}} || {{color|red|−0.9}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Brazil}} || 2.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Brunei}} || 1.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Bulgaria}} || 3.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Burkina Faso}} || 4.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Burundi}} || 4.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Cabo Verde}} || 5.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Cambodia}} || 4.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Cameroon}} || 3.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Canada}} || 1.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Central African Republic}} || 3.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Chad}} || 3.3<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Chile}} || 2.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|China}} || 4.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Colombia}} || 2.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Comoros}} || 3.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Costa Rica}} || 3.6<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Croatia}} || 3.1<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Cyprus}} || 2.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Czech Republic}} || 2.3<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Denmark}} || 1.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Djibouti}} || 6.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Dominica}} || 4.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Dominican Republic}} || 3.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|DR Congo}} || 5.3<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|East Timor}} || 3.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Ecuador}} || 3.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Egypt}} || 4.3<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|El Salvador}} || 2.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} || {{color|red|−1.6}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Estonia}} || 0.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Eswatini}} || 4.3<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Ethiopia}} || 7.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Fiji}} || 3.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Finland}} || 0.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|France}} || 0.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Gabon}} || 1.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Gambia}} || 6.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Georgia}} || 7.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Germany}} || 0.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Ghana}} || 4.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Greece}} || 2.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Grenada}} || 3.3<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Guatemala}} || 3.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Guinea}} || 7.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} || 5.1<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Guyana}} || 10.3<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Haiti}} || {{color|red|−3.1}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Honduras}} || 3.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Hong Kong}} || 2.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Hungary}} || 0.6<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Iceland}} || 1.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|India}} || 6.6<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Indonesia}} || 4.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Iran}} || 0.6<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Iraq}} || 0.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Ireland}} || 9.1<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Israel}} || 2.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Italy}} || 0.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Ivory Coast}} || 6.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Jamaica}} || 2.1<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Japan}} || 1.1<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Jordan}} || 2.7<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Kazakhstan}} || 5.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Kenya}} || 4.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Kiribati}} || 3.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Kosovo}} || 3.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Kuwait}} || 2.6<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} || 8.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Laos}} || 3.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Latvia}} || 1.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Lesotho}} || 1.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Liberia}} || 4.6<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Libya}} || 15.6<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || 1.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Lithuania}} || 2.7<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Luxembourg}} || 1.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Macao}} || 2.6<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Madagascar}} || 3.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Malawi}} || 2.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Malaysia}} || 4.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Maldives}} || 4.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Mali}} || 5.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Malta}} || 3.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Marshall Islands}} || 2.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Mauritania}} || 4.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Mauritius}} || 3.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Mexico}} || 1.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Micronesia}} || 1.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Moldova}} || 1.7<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Mongolia}} || 5.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Montenegro}} || 3.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Morocco}} || 4.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Mozambique}} || 2.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Myanmar}} || {{color|red|−2.7}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Namibia}} || 3.6<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Nauru}} || 2.1<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Nepal}} || 4.3<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Netherlands}} || 1.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|New Zealand}} || 0.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Nicaragua}} || 3.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Niger}} || 6.6<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Nigeria}} || 3.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|North Macedonia }} || 3.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Norway}} || 1.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Oman}} || 2.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Pakistan}} || 2.7<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Palau}} || 4.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Panama}} || 4.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} || 4.7<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Paraguay}} || 4.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Peru}} || 2.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Philippines}} || 5.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Poland}} || 3.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Portugal}} || 1.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Puerto Rico}} || {{color|red|−0.8}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Qatar}} || 2.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Republic of the Congo}} || 2.7<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Romania}} || 1.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Russia}} || 0.6<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Rwanda}} || 7.1<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} || 1.7<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Saint Lucia}} || 2.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} || 4.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Samoa}} || 2.7<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|San Marino}} || 1.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} || 2.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 4.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Senegal}} || 6.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Serbia}} || 2.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Seychelles}} || 3.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Sierra Leone}} || 4.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Singapore}} || 2.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Slovak Republic}} || 0.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Slovenia}} || 1.1<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Solomon Islands}} || 2.7<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Somalia}} || 3.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|South Africa}} || 1.1<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|South Korea}} || 0.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|South Sudan}} || 24.3<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Spain}} || 2.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Sri Lanka}} || 5.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Sudan}} || 3.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Suriname}} || 2.7<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Sweden}} || 0.7<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Switzerland}} || 0.9<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Taiwan}} || 3.7<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Tajikistan}} || 7.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Tanzania}} || 6.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Thailand}} || 2.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Togo}} || 5.2<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Tonga}} || 2.7<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} || 1.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Tunisia}} || 2.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Turkey}} || 3.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Turkmenistan}} || 2.3<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Tuvalu}} || 3.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Uganda}} || 6.4<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Ukraine}} || 2.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 4.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|United Kingdom}} || 1.3<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|United States}} || 2.0<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Uruguay}} || 2.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Uzbekistan}} || 6.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Vanuatu}} || 1.7<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Venezuela}} || 0.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Vietnam}} || 6.5<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Yemen}} || {{color|red|−1.5}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Zambia}} || 5.8<br />
|-<br />
| {{flag|Zimbabwe}} || 6.0<br />
|}<br />
| width="52.5%" align="center" valign="top" |<br />
{{table alignment}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text col1left col2right"<br />
|+Growth by region<br />
! Region !! Rate (%)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Economy of Africa|Africa]] || 3.2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Economy of Asia|Asia]] and [[Economy of Oceania|Oceania]] || 4.4<br />
|-<br />
| [[Economy of Australia|Australia]] and [[Economy of New Zealand|New Zealand]] || 1.7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Caribbean]] || 9.8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Central America]] || 3.8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Central Asia]] and the [[Caucasus]] || 4.1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Economy of East Asia|East Asia]] || 4.2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Eastern Europe]] || 1.6<br />
|-<br />
| [[Economy of Europe|Europe]] || 1.0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Economy of the Middle East|Middle East]] || 1.6<br />
|-<br />
| [[North Africa]] || 4.2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Economy of North America|North America]] || 2.1<br />
|-<br />
| [[Pacific Islands]] || 4.2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Economy of South America|South America]] || 5.6<br />
|-<br />
| [[Economy of South Asia|South Asia]] || 5.7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Southeast Asia]] || 4.2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] || 2.7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Western Europe]] || 0.7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Western Hemisphere]] || 2.1<br />
|-<br />
| [[ASEAN]] || 4.2<br />
|-<br />
| [[Advanced economies]] || 1.5<br />
|-<br />
| Emerging and Developing Asia || 5.2<br />
|-<br />
| Emerging and Developing Europe || 2.4<br />
|-<br />
| Emerging market and [[developing country|developing economies]] || 4.0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Euro area]] || 0.7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Economy of the European Union|European Union]] || 0.7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Latin America and the Caribbean]] || 3.4<br />
|-<br />
| [[G7|Major advanced economies (G7)]] || 1.5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Middle East]] and [[Central Asia]] || 2.0<br />
|-<br />
| Other advanced economies || 1.8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] || 3.3<br />
|-<br />
! [[World economy|World]] !! 3.0<br />
|}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Historical list ==<br />
Countries by yearly growth rate 2013–2025.<ref name="IMFAPR2025">{{cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=512,914,612,171,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,&s=NGDP_RPCH,&sy=2013&ey=2025&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |website=IMF |access-date=1 October 2025 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{static row numbers}} {{table alignment}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text col1left" style="text-align:right; font-size:94%"<br />
|+Real GDP growth rate (%)<br />
!Country<br />
!2013<br />
!2014<br />
!2015<br />
!2016<br />
!2017<br />
!2018<br />
!2019<br />
!2020<br />
!2021<br />
!2022<br />
!2023<br />
!2024<br />
!2025<br />
!Avg.<br />
|-<br />
|Afghanistan<br />
|5.683<br />
|2.697<br />
|0.988<br />
|2.164<br />
|2.647<br />
|1.189<br />
|3.912<br />
| -2.351<br />
| -14.542<br />
| -6.24<br />
|2.267<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| -0.14418<br />
|-<br />
|Albania<br />
|1.002<br />
|1.774<br />
|2.219<br />
|3.315<br />
|3.802<br />
|4.019<br />
|2.088<br />
| -3.314<br />
|8.97<br />
|4.827<br />
|3.937<br />
|3.962<br />
|3.788<br />
|3.106846<br />
|-<br />
|Algeria<br />
|2.597<br />
|4.086<br />
|3.162<br />
|3.884<br />
|1.524<br />
|1.44<br />
|0.933<br />
| -5.017<br />
|3.805<br />
|3.636<br />
|4.1<br />
|3.536<br />
|3.496<br />
|2.398615<br />
|-<br />
|Andorra<br />
| -3.548<br />
|2.504<br />
|1.434<br />
|3.71<br />
|0.346<br />
|1.589<br />
|2.016<br />
| -11.184<br />
|8.287<br />
|9.565<br />
|2.584<br />
|3.373<br />
|1.9<br />
|1.736615<br />
|-<br />
|Angola<br />
|4.88<br />
|4.66<br />
|0.76<br />
| -1.7<br />
| -0.14<br />
| -0.59<br />
| -0.2<br />
| -4.04<br />
|2.1<br />
|4.22<br />
|1.001<br />
|4.503<br />
|2.374<br />
|1.371385<br />
|-<br />
|Antigua and Barbuda<br />
| -0.601<br />
|2.198<br />
|1.422<br />
|4.12<br />
|2.713<br />
|6.712<br />
|3.172<br />
| -18.869<br />
|8.173<br />
|9.108<br />
|2.427<br />
|4.313<br />
|3.048<br />
|2.148923<br />
|-<br />
|Argentina<br />
|2.405<br />
| -2.513<br />
|2.731<br />
| -2.08<br />
|2.819<br />
| -2.617<br />
| -2.001<br />
| -9.9<br />
|10.442<br />
|5.27<br />
| -1.611<br />
| -1.719<br />
|5.502<br />
|0.517538<br />
|-<br />
|Armenia<br />
|3.412<br />
|3.607<br />
|3.254<br />
|0.195<br />
|7.518<br />
|5.225<br />
|7.631<br />
| -7.105<br />
|5.77<br />
|12.569<br />
|8.316<br />
|5.941<br />
|4.505<br />
|4.679846<br />
|-<br />
|Aruba<br />
|6.431<br />
| -1.587<br />
| -0.624<br />
|1.72<br />
|7.049<br />
|2.382<br />
| -2.218<br />
| -26.212<br />
|24.133<br />
|8.518<br />
|4.264<br />
|6.49<br />
|2.2<br />
|2.503538<br />
|-<br />
|Australia<br />
|2.219<br />
|2.575<br />
|2.34<br />
|2.694<br />
|2.38<br />
|2.791<br />
|1.936<br />
| -1.955<br />
|5.412<br />
|4.142<br />
|2.056<br />
|1.038<br />
|1.634<br />
|2.250923<br />
|-<br />
|Austria<br />
| -0.251<br />
|0.756<br />
|1.303<br />
|2.117<br />
|2.272<br />
|2.484<br />
|1.755<br />
| -6.318<br />
|4.795<br />
|5.278<br />
| -0.955<br />
| -1.174<br />
| -0.261<br />
|0.907769<br />
|-<br />
|Azerbaijan<br />
|5.843<br />
|2.768<br />
|1.08<br />
| -3.064<br />
|0.154<br />
|1.47<br />
|2.48<br />
| -4.199<br />
|5.616<br />
|4.715<br />
|1.354<br />
|4.1<br />
|3.519<br />
|1.987385<br />
|-<br />
|The Bahamas<br />
| -2.863<br />
|1.847<br />
|0.997<br />
| -0.962<br />
|2.8<br />
|2.63<br />
| -1.357<br />
| -21.423<br />
|15.403<br />
|10.782<br />
|2.639<br />
|2<br />
|1.8<br />
|1.099462<br />
|-<br />
|Bahrain<br />
|5.293<br />
|4.309<br />
|2.508<br />
|3.815<br />
|4.954<br />
|2.053<br />
|2.053<br />
| -5.911<br />
|4.35<br />
|6.18<br />
|3.878<br />
|2.776<br />
|2.753<br />
|3.000846<br />
|-<br />
|Bangladesh<br />
|6.014<br />
|6.061<br />
|6.553<br />
|7.114<br />
|6.59<br />
|7.319<br />
|7.882<br />
|3.448<br />
|6.939<br />
|7.1<br />
|5.775<br />
|4.223<br />
|3.76<br />
|6.059846<br />
|-<br />
|Barbados<br />
| -1.076<br />
|0.156<br />
| -0.846<br />
|1.792<br />
|0.128<br />
| -1.174<br />
|0.653<br />
| -15.054<br />
| -0.255<br />
|17.833<br />
|4.094<br />
|4<br />
|3<br />
|1.019308<br />
|-<br />
|Belarus<br />
|0.929<br />
|2.548<br />
| -3.83<br />
| -2.526<br />
|2.532<br />
|3.149<br />
|1.446<br />
| -0.673<br />
|2.273<br />
| -4.504<br />
|4.127<br />
|4<br />
|2.758<br />
|0.940692<br />
|-<br />
|Belgium<br />
|0.306<br />
|1.766<br />
|1.474<br />
|1.193<br />
|1.475<br />
|1.878<br />
|2.443<br />
| -4.793<br />
|6.202<br />
|4.234<br />
|1.252<br />
|0.996<br />
|0.839<br />
|1.481923<br />
|-<br />
|Belize<br />
|4.454<br />
|4.031<br />
|2.876<br />
|0.055<br />
| -1.813<br />
|1.111<br />
|4.268<br />
| -13.903<br />
|17.746<br />
|9.653<br />
|1.149<br />
|8.19<br />
|3.218<br />
|3.156538<br />
|-<br />
|Benin<br />
|7.191<br />
|6.358<br />
|1.778<br />
|3.34<br />
|5.672<br />
|6.697<br />
|6.866<br />
|3.849<br />
|7.155<br />
|6.253<br />
|6.353<br />
|6.506<br />
|6.511<br />
|5.733<br />
|-<br />
|Bhutan<br />
|3.334<br />
|3.705<br />
|6.155<br />
|7.514<br />
|5.855<br />
|3.505<br />
|4.648<br />
| -2.455<br />
| -3.293<br />
|4.826<br />
|5.044<br />
|4.044<br />
|7<br />
|3.837077<br />
|-<br />
|Bolivia<br />
|6.796<br />
|5.461<br />
|4.857<br />
|4.264<br />
|4.195<br />
|4.224<br />
|2.217<br />
| -8.738<br />
|6.111<br />
|3.606<br />
|3.082<br />
|1.3<br />
|1.14<br />
|2.962692<br />
|-<br />
|Bosnia and Herzegovina<br />
|2.35<br />
|1.154<br />
|4.284<br />
|3.242<br />
|3.244<br />
|3.829<br />
|2.886<br />
| -3.015<br />
|7.392<br />
|4.227<br />
|1.994<br />
|2.5<br />
|2.8<br />
|2.837462<br />
|-<br />
|Botswana<br />
|11.103<br />
|5.697<br />
| -4.851<br />
|7.202<br />
|4.113<br />
|4.19<br />
|3.033<br />
| -8.726<br />
|11.913<br />
|5.486<br />
|3.208<br />
| -2.99<br />
| -0.364<br />
|3.001077<br />
|-<br />
|Brazil<br />
|3.005<br />
|0.504<br />
| -3.546<br />
| -3.276<br />
|1.323<br />
|1.784<br />
|1.221<br />
| -3.277<br />
|4.763<br />
|3.017<br />
|3.242<br />
|3.396<br />
|2.01<br />
|1.089692<br />
|-<br />
|Brunei Darussalam<br />
| -2.125<br />
| -2.508<br />
| -0.405<br />
| -2.465<br />
|1.329<br />
|0.052<br />
|3.869<br />
|1.134<br />
| -1.591<br />
| -1.628<br />
|1.412<br />
|3.908<br />
|2.522<br />
|0.269538<br />
|-<br />
|Bulgaria<br />
| -0.543<br />
|0.949<br />
|3.398<br />
|3.027<br />
|2.746<br />
|2.549<br />
|3.789<br />
| -3.216<br />
|7.781<br />
|4.039<br />
|1.887<br />
|2.811<br />
|2.458<br />
|2.436538<br />
|-<br />
|Burkina Faso<br />
|5.793<br />
|4.327<br />
|3.921<br />
|5.958<br />
|6.203<br />
|6.605<br />
|5.889<br />
|2.011<br />
|6.943<br />
|1.497<br />
|2.96<br />
|4.45<br />
|4.335<br />
|4.684<br />
|-<br />
|Burundi<br />
|4.924<br />
|4.241<br />
| -3.9<br />
| -0.6<br />
|0.5<br />
|1.61<br />
|1.842<br />
|0.335<br />
|3.119<br />
|1.827<br />
|2.659<br />
|3.531<br />
|1.866<br />
|1.688769<br />
|-<br />
|Cabo Verde<br />
|0.632<br />
|0.697<br />
|0.936<br />
|4.281<br />
|4.551<br />
|3.705<br />
|6.95<br />
| -20.805<br />
|7.034<br />
|17.439<br />
|4.043<br />
|5.992<br />
|4.973<br />
|3.109846<br />
|-<br />
|Cambodia<br />
|7.857<br />
|8<br />
|7.207<br />
|7.906<br />
|8.075<br />
|8.776<br />
|7.937<br />
| -3.556<br />
|3.09<br />
|5.103<br />
|4.998<br />
|6.018<br />
|4.005<br />
|5.801231<br />
|-<br />
|Cameroon<br />
|4.987<br />
|5.779<br />
|5.6<br />
|4.479<br />
|3.541<br />
|4.022<br />
|3.422<br />
|0.539<br />
|3.039<br />
|3.737<br />
|3.217<br />
|3.562<br />
|3.611<br />
|3.810385<br />
|-<br />
|Canada<br />
|2.326<br />
|2.873<br />
|0.65<br />
|1.039<br />
|3.034<br />
|2.743<br />
|1.908<br />
| -5.038<br />
|5.951<br />
|4.189<br />
|1.529<br />
|1.528<br />
|1.376<br />
|1.854462<br />
|-<br />
|Central African Republic<br />
| -36.392<br />
|0.08<br />
|4.338<br />
|4.75<br />
|4.528<br />
|3.82<br />
|2.97<br />
|0.959<br />
|0.983<br />
|0.472<br />
|0.727<br />
|1.833<br />
|2.938<br />
| -0.614923<br />
|-<br />
|Chad<br />
|2.807<br />
|2.063<br />
|3.311<br />
| -4.13<br />
| -1.628<br />
|5.741<br />
|5.389<br />
| -0.409<br />
|0.294<br />
|4.11<br />
|4.028<br />
|1.515<br />
|1.72<br />
|1.908538<br />
|-<br />
|Chile<br />
|3.309<br />
|1.793<br />
|2.152<br />
|1.753<br />
|1.358<br />
|3.99<br />
|0.634<br />
| -6.143<br />
|11.315<br />
|2.154<br />
|0.521<br />
|2.644<br />
|2.032<br />
|2.116308<br />
|-<br />
|China<br />
|7.771<br />
|7.491<br />
|7.018<br />
|6.776<br />
|6.891<br />
|6.759<br />
|6.065<br />
|2.337<br />
|8.556<br />
|3.112<br />
|5.377<br />
|5.003<br />
|3.954<br />
|5.931538<br />
|-<br />
|Colombia<br />
|5.134<br />
|4.499<br />
|2.956<br />
|2.087<br />
|1.359<br />
|2.564<br />
|3.187<br />
| -7.186<br />
|10.801<br />
|7.328<br />
|0.712<br />
|1.744<br />
|2.415<br />
|2.892308<br />
|-<br />
|Comoros<br />
|4.466<br />
|2.107<br />
|1.147<br />
|3.32<br />
|3.816<br />
|3.642<br />
|1.761<br />
| -0.196<br />
|2<br />
|2.603<br />
|2.995<br />
|3.338<br />
|3.776<br />
|2.675<br />
|-<br />
|Democratic Republic of the Congo<br />
|9.624<br />
|7.302<br />
|6.36<br />
|0.394<br />
|3.658<br />
|4.825<br />
|4.485<br />
|1.671<br />
|1.726<br />
|9.22<br />
|8.498<br />
|6.483<br />
|4.692<br />
|5.302923<br />
|-<br />
|Republic of Congo<br />
| -0.712<br />
|6.717<br />
| -3.551<br />
| -4.994<br />
| -5.595<br />
| -2.304<br />
|1.124<br />
| -6.268<br />
|1.057<br />
|1.799<br />
|1.977<br />
|2.596<br />
|3.311<br />
| -0.372538<br />
|-<br />
|Costa Rica<br />
|2.495<br />
|3.542<br />
|3.652<br />
|4.204<br />
|4.158<br />
|2.616<br />
|2.418<br />
| -4.273<br />
|7.936<br />
|4.551<br />
|5.112<br />
|4.321<br />
|3.443<br />
|3.398077<br />
|-<br />
|Côte d'Ivoire<br />
|9.272<br />
|8.794<br />
|8.843<br />
|7.172<br />
|7.412<br />
|4.842<br />
|6.721<br />
|0.701<br />
|7.062<br />
|6.4<br />
|6.45<br />
|6<br />
|6.3<br />
|6.613<br />
|-<br />
|Croatia<br />
| -0.126<br />
| -0.555<br />
|2.322<br />
|3.461<br />
|3.281<br />
|2.903<br />
|3.1<br />
| -8.312<br />
|12.634<br />
|7.286<br />
|3.302<br />
|3.815<br />
|3.13<br />
|2.787769<br />
|-<br />
|Cyprus<br />
| -6.587<br />
| -1.777<br />
|3.418<br />
|6.574<br />
|5.752<br />
|6.272<br />
|5.877<br />
| -3.219<br />
|11.385<br />
|7.367<br />
|2.611<br />
|3.43<br />
|2.545<br />
|3.357538<br />
|-<br />
|Czech Republic<br />
| -0.042<br />
|2.245<br />
|4.959<br />
|2.581<br />
|5.174<br />
|2.83<br />
|3.566<br />
| -5.305<br />
|4.029<br />
|2.847<br />
| -0.055<br />
|1.112<br />
|1.62<br />
|1.966231<br />
|-<br />
|Denmark<br />
|1.393<br />
|1.278<br />
|2.101<br />
|3.076<br />
|3.056<br />
|1.859<br />
|1.713<br />
| -1.781<br />
|7.38<br />
|1.541<br />
|2.495<br />
|3.677<br />
|2.9<br />
|2.360615<br />
|-<br />
|Djibouti<br />
|5.001<br />
|7.193<br />
|7.309<br />
|7.123<br />
|5.458<br />
|4.774<br />
|5.545<br />
|1.202<br />
|4.407<br />
|5.167<br />
|7.372<br />
|6.513<br />
|6.008<br />
|5.620923<br />
|-<br />
|Dominica<br />
| -1<br />
|4.754<br />
| -2.732<br />
|2.764<br />
| -6.619<br />
|3.548<br />
|5.502<br />
| -16.605<br />
|6.892<br />
|5.584<br />
|4.712<br />
|4.55<br />
|4.22<br />
|1.197692<br />
|-<br />
|Dominican Republic<br />
|4.935<br />
|7.111<br />
|6.988<br />
|6.72<br />
|3.934<br />
|7.104<br />
|4.893<br />
| -7.929<br />
|14.012<br />
|5.238<br />
|2.192<br />
|4.952<br />
|4.021<br />
|4.936231<br />
|-<br />
|Ecuador<br />
|7.211<br />
|4.226<br />
|0.12<br />
| -0.688<br />
|5.97<br />
|1.044<br />
|0.165<br />
| -9.245<br />
|9.422<br />
|5.868<br />
|1.988<br />
| -1.959<br />
|1.727<br />
|1.988385<br />
|-<br />
|Egypt<br />
|3.302<br />
|2.93<br />
|4.36<br />
|4.34<br />
|4.19<br />
|5.327<br />
|5.549<br />
|3.576<br />
|3.252<br />
|6.651<br />
|3.76<br />
|2.399<br />
|3.757<br />
|4.107154<br />
|-<br />
|El Salvador<br />
|2.233<br />
|1.711<br />
|2.395<br />
|2.544<br />
|2.25<br />
|2.415<br />
|2.433<br />
| -7.893<br />
|11.91<br />
|2.797<br />
|3.511<br />
|2.6<br />
|2.479<br />
|2.414231<br />
|-<br />
|Equatorial Guinea<br />
| -4.133<br />
|0.415<br />
| -9.11<br />
| -8.816<br />
| -5.668<br />
| -6.237<br />
| -5.482<br />
| -4.791<br />
|0.86<br />
|3.224<br />
| -5.089<br />
|1.861<br />
| -4.204<br />
| -3.628462<br />
|-<br />
|Eritrea<br />
| -10.456<br />
|30.934<br />
| -20.621<br />
|7.391<br />
| -10.015<br />
|13.032<br />
|3.836<br />
|n/a<br />
|n/a<br />
|n/a<br />
|n/a<br />
|n/a<br />
|n/a<br />
|2.014429<br />
|-<br />
|Estonia<br />
|1.757<br />
|3.323<br />
|1.838<br />
|3.093<br />
|5.635<br />
|3.7<br />
|3.727<br />
| -2.884<br />
|7.154<br />
|0.06<br />
| -3.023<br />
| -0.261<br />
|0.74<br />
|1.912231<br />
|-<br />
|Eswatini<br />
|3.861<br />
|0.923<br />
|2.227<br />
|1.063<br />
|2.027<br />
|2.38<br />
|2.692<br />
| -1.56<br />
|10.683<br />
|0.476<br />
|5.034<br />
|3.653<br />
|5.124<br />
|2.967923<br />
|-<br />
|Ethiopia<br />
|9.9<br />
|10.3<br />
|10.4<br />
|8<br />
|10.21<br />
|7.703<br />
|9.037<br />
|6.057<br />
|6.265<br />
|6.362<br />
|7.171<br />
|8.051<br />
|6.612<br />
|8.159077<br />
|-<br />
|Fiji<br />
|4.734<br />
|5.604<br />
|4.501<br />
|2.446<br />
|5.353<br />
|3.812<br />
| -0.581<br />
| -17.04<br />
| -4.881<br />
|19.793<br />
|7.524<br />
|3.663<br />
|2.59<br />
|2.886<br />
|-<br />
|Finland<br />
| -0.98<br />
| -0.478<br />
|0.467<br />
|2.572<br />
|3.303<br />
|1.193<br />
|1.35<br />
| -2.491<br />
|2.676<br />
|0.763<br />
| -0.947<br />
| -0.134<br />
|0.96<br />
|0.634923<br />
|-<br />
|France<br />
|0.915<br />
|1.02<br />
|0.986<br />
|0.728<br />
|2.286<br />
|1.587<br />
|2.076<br />
| -7.593<br />
|6.827<br />
|2.624<br />
|1.116<br />
|1.067<br />
|0.641<br />
|1.098462<br />
|-<br />
|Gabon<br />
|5.517<br />
|4.435<br />
|3.879<br />
|2.091<br />
|0.473<br />
|0.909<br />
|3.848<br />
| -1.838<br />
|1.468<br />
|3.038<br />
|2.446<br />
|3.074<br />
|2.774<br />
|2.470308<br />
|-<br />
|The Gambia<br />
|2.873<br />
| -1.407<br />
|4.058<br />
|1.943<br />
|4.823<br />
|7.235<br />
|6.222<br />
|0.591<br />
|5.256<br />
|5.493<br />
|4.798<br />
|5.816<br />
|5.913<br />
|4.124154<br />
|-<br />
|Georgia<br />
|5.134<br />
|4.091<br />
|3.351<br />
|3.45<br />
|5.161<br />
|6.062<br />
|5.38<br />
| -6.291<br />
|10.644<br />
|10.96<br />
|7.832<br />
|9.429<br />
|5.977<br />
|5.475385<br />
|-<br />
|Germany<br />
|0.386<br />
|2.172<br />
|1.656<br />
|2.289<br />
|2.713<br />
|1.116<br />
|0.993<br />
| -4.1<br />
|3.67<br />
|1.367<br />
| -0.264<br />
| -0.232<br />
| -0.05<br />
|0.901231<br />
|-<br />
|Ghana<br />
|7.241<br />
|2.856<br />
|2.121<br />
|3.373<br />
|8.129<br />
|6.2<br />
|6.508<br />
|0.514<br />
|5.076<br />
|3.818<br />
|3.128<br />
|5.685<br />
|4.026<br />
|4.513462<br />
|-<br />
|Greece<br />
| -2.272<br />
|0.792<br />
| -0.228<br />
| -0.032<br />
|1.473<br />
|2.065<br />
|2.277<br />
| -9.196<br />
|8.654<br />
|5.744<br />
|2.332<br />
|2.272<br />
|2.03<br />
|1.223923<br />
|-<br />
|Grenada<br />
|2.351<br />
|7.342<br />
|6.445<br />
|3.74<br />
|4.439<br />
|4.361<br />
|0.677<br />
| -13.757<br />
|4.687<br />
|7.321<br />
|4.716<br />
|3.6<br />
|3.892<br />
|3.062615<br />
|-<br />
|Guatemala<br />
|3.695<br />
|4.444<br />
|4.092<br />
|2.678<br />
|3.08<br />
|3.407<br />
|4.018<br />
| -1.786<br />
|8.033<br />
|4.2<br />
|3.527<br />
|3.689<br />
|4.1<br />
|3.629<br />
|-<br />
|Guinea<br />
|3.946<br />
|3.697<br />
|3.826<br />
|10.821<br />
|10.3<br />
|6.358<br />
|5.617<br />
|4.704<br />
|5.583<br />
|3.972<br />
|6.242<br />
|6.073<br />
|7.086<br />
|6.017308<br />
|-<br />
|Guinea-Bissau<br />
|3.256<br />
|0.965<br />
|6.134<br />
|5.307<br />
|4.789<br />
|3.761<br />
|4.5<br />
|1.5<br />
|6.2<br />
|4.6<br />
|5.2<br />
|4.7<br />
|5.1<br />
|4.308615<br />
|-<br />
|Guyana<br />
|3.653<br />
|1.686<br />
|0.687<br />
|3.807<br />
|3.734<br />
|4.441<br />
|5.353<br />
|43.48<br />
|20.06<br />
|63.334<br />
|33.769<br />
|43.569<br />
|10.315<br />
|18.299077<br />
|-<br />
|Haiti<br />
|4.325<br />
|1.723<br />
|2.563<br />
|1.812<br />
|2.51<br />
|1.668<br />
| -1.685<br />
| -3.343<br />
| -1.798<br />
| -1.682<br />
| -1.864<br />
| -4.2<br />
| -1<br />
| -0.074692<br />
|-<br />
|Honduras<br />
|2.792<br />
|3.058<br />
|3.84<br />
|3.893<br />
|4.843<br />
|3.845<br />
|2.56<br />
| -8.965<br />
|12.565<br />
|4.144<br />
|3.583<br />
|3.6<br />
|3.3<br />
|3.312154<br />
|-<br />
|Hong Kong SAR<br />
|3.102<br />
|2.762<br />
|2.388<br />
|2.175<br />
|3.796<br />
|2.847<br />
| -1.672<br />
| -6.545<br />
|6.454<br />
| -3.684<br />
|3.214<br />
|2.541<br />
|1.522<br />
|1.453846<br />
|-<br />
|Hungary<br />
|2.032<br />
|4.334<br />
|3.66<br />
|2.439<br />
|4.124<br />
|5.606<br />
|5.077<br />
| -4.339<br />
|7.223<br />
|4.27<br />
| -0.843<br />
|0.512<br />
|1.403<br />
|2.730615<br />
|-<br />
|Iceland<br />
|4.552<br />
|1.687<br />
|4.437<br />
|6.304<br />
|4.195<br />
|4.889<br />
|1.861<br />
| -6.94<br />
|5.033<br />
|8.979<br />
|5.646<br />
|0.517<br />
|2.003<br />
|3.320231<br />
|-<br />
|India<br />
|6.386<br />
|7.41<br />
|7.996<br />
|8.256<br />
|6.795<br />
|6.454<br />
|3.871<br />
| -5.778<br />
|9.69<br />
|7.609<br />
|9.191<br />
|6.46<br />
|6.198<br />
|6.195231<br />
|-<br />
|Indonesia<br />
|5.557<br />
|5.007<br />
|4.876<br />
|5.033<br />
|5.07<br />
|5.174<br />
|5.019<br />
| -2.066<br />
|3.703<br />
|5.307<br />
|5.049<br />
|5.03<br />
|4.653<br />
|4.416308<br />
|-<br />
|Iran<br />
| -1.522<br />
|4.985<br />
| -1.425<br />
|8.815<br />
|2.759<br />
| -1.838<br />
| -3.071<br />
|3.33<br />
|4.72<br />
|3.777<br />
|5.045<br />
|3.478<br />
|0.309<br />
|2.258615<br />
|-<br />
|Iraq<br />
|7.628<br />
|0.738<br />
|2.537<br />
|16.172<br />
| -1.509<br />
|2.633<br />
|5.588<br />
| -12.409<br />
|1.428<br />
|7.713<br />
|0.92<br />
|0.336<br />
| -1.503<br />
|2.328615<br />
|-<br />
|Ireland<br />
|2.192<br />
|9.336<br />
|24.616<br />
|1.223<br />
|10.049<br />
|7.545<br />
|5.041<br />
|7.158<br />
|16.255<br />
|8.62<br />
| -5.53<br />
|1.221<br />
|2.261<br />
|6.922077<br />
|-<br />
|Israel<br />
|4.085<br />
|3.776<br />
|2.238<br />
|4.46<br />
|4.347<br />
|4.004<br />
|3.71<br />
| -2.022<br />
|9.388<br />
|6.263<br />
|1.827<br />
|0.872<br />
|3.25<br />
|3.553692<br />
|-<br />
|Italy<br />
| -1.818<br />
| -0.001<br />
|0.886<br />
|1.236<br />
|1.604<br />
|0.827<br />
|0.429<br />
| -8.868<br />
|8.931<br />
|4.821<br />
|0.715<br />
|0.726<br />
|0.44<br />
|0.763692<br />
|-<br />
|Jamaica<br />
|0.224<br />
|0.575<br />
|0.869<br />
|1.498<br />
|0.679<br />
|1.827<br />
|0.97<br />
| -9.92<br />
|4.601<br />
|5.222<br />
|2.605<br />
| -0.8<br />
|2.1<br />
|0.803846<br />
|-<br />
|Japan<br />
|2.005<br />
|0.296<br />
|1.561<br />
|0.754<br />
|1.675<br />
|0.643<br />
| -0.402<br />
| -4.169<br />
|2.697<br />
|0.935<br />
|1.486<br />
|0.084<br />
|0.554<br />
|0.624538<br />
|-<br />
|Jordan<br />
|2.61<br />
|3.384<br />
|2.497<br />
|1.994<br />
|2.474<br />
|1.919<br />
|1.751<br />
| -1.103<br />
|3.656<br />
|2.428<br />
|3.104<br />
|2.489<br />
|2.6<br />
|2.292538<br />
|-<br />
|Kazakhstan<br />
|5.9<br />
|4.3<br />
|1<br />
|0.9<br />
|3.9<br />
|4.1<br />
|4.5<br />
| -2.6<br />
|4.1<br />
|3.2<br />
|5.1<br />
|4.756<br />
|4.881<br />
|3.387462<br />
|-<br />
|Kenya<br />
|3.798<br />
|5.02<br />
|4.968<br />
|4.214<br />
|3.816<br />
|5.671<br />
|5.114<br />
| -0.273<br />
|7.59<br />
|4.86<br />
|5.556<br />
|4.509<br />
|4.81<br />
|4.588692<br />
|-<br />
|Kiribati<br />
|7.731<br />
|1.264<br />
|11.265<br />
|7.088<br />
|3.749<br />
|3.479<br />
|3.264<br />
| -1.468<br />
|8.48<br />
|4.566<br />
|2.652<br />
|5.267<br />
|3.9<br />
|4.710538<br />
|-<br />
|South Korea<br />
|3.291<br />
|3.215<br />
|2.92<br />
|3.172<br />
|3.433<br />
|3.176<br />
|2.314<br />
| -0.7<br />
|4.613<br />
|2.728<br />
|1.404<br />
|2.025<br />
|1.027<br />
|2.509077<br />
|-<br />
|North Korea<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|3.7<br />
|2.5<br />
|3.1<br />
|-<br />
|Kosovo<br />
|5.34<br />
|3.349<br />
|5.916<br />
|5.572<br />
|4.825<br />
|3.406<br />
|4.757<br />
| -5.341<br />
|10.746<br />
|4.278<br />
|4.069<br />
|4.409<br />
|4<br />
|4.255846<br />
|-<br />
|Kuwait<br />
|1.149<br />
|0.501<br />
|0.593<br />
|2.926<br />
| -4.712<br />
|2.743<br />
|2.264<br />
| -4.817<br />
|2.261<br />
|5.859<br />
| -3.641<br />
| -2.804<br />
|1.866<br />
|0.322154<br />
|-<br />
|Kyrgyz Republic<br />
|10.915<br />
|4.024<br />
|3.876<br />
|4.336<br />
|4.74<br />
|3.459<br />
|4.601<br />
| -7.149<br />
|5.507<br />
|8.968<br />
|9.013<br />
|9.04<br />
|6.823<br />
|5.242538<br />
|-<br />
|Lao P.D.R.(Laos)<br />
|8.026<br />
|7.612<br />
|7.27<br />
|7.023<br />
|6.892<br />
|6.248<br />
|4.652<br />
| -0.435<br />
|2.061<br />
|2.252<br />
|3.658<br />
|4.299<br />
|2.523<br />
|4.775462<br />
|-<br />
|Latvia<br />
|2.096<br />
|2.095<br />
|3.783<br />
|2.552<br />
|3.399<br />
|4.31<br />
|0.675<br />
| -3.469<br />
|6.943<br />
|1.807<br />
|2.854<br />
| -0.442<br />
|2.002<br />
|2.200385<br />
|-<br />
|Lebanon<br />
|3.811<br />
|2.466<br />
|0.453<br />
|1.563<br />
|0.913<br />
| -1.853<br />
| -6.801<br />
| -24.597<br />
|2.016<br />
|1<br />
| -0.7<br />
| -7.5<br />
|n/a<br />
| -2.43575<br />
|-<br />
|Lesotho<br />
|1.772<br />
|2.068<br />
|3.248<br />
|1.877<br />
| -2.734<br />
| -1.465<br />
| -2.912<br />
| -5.264<br />
|1.897<br />
|1.978<br />
|1.98<br />
|2.62<br />
|1.517<br />
|0.506308<br />
|-<br />
|Liberia<br />
|8.836<br />
|0.695<br />
|0.007<br />
| -1.63<br />
|2.469<br />
|1.242<br />
| -2.516<br />
| -2.967<br />
|5.011<br />
|4.811<br />
|4.587<br />
|4.819<br />
|5.334<br />
|2.361385<br />
|-<br />
|Libya<br />
| -17.998<br />
| -23.043<br />
| -0.843<br />
| -1.491<br />
|32.492<br />
|7.941<br />
| -11.196<br />
| -29.456<br />
|28.335<br />
| -8.252<br />
|10.156<br />
| -0.636<br />
|17.304<br />
|0.254846<br />
|-<br />
|Lithuania<br />
|4.079<br />
|3.769<br />
|2.845<br />
|2.614<br />
|4.705<br />
|4.832<br />
|4.723<br />
|0.048<br />
|6.361<br />
|2.516<br />
|0.428<br />
|2.726<br />
|2.787<br />
|3.264077<br />
|-<br />
|Luxembourg<br />
|3.171<br />
|2.623<br />
|2.268<br />
|4.978<br />
|1.317<br />
|1.611<br />
|2.749<br />
| -0.51<br />
|6.93<br />
| -1.095<br />
| -0.694<br />
|1.032<br />
|1.574<br />
|1.996462<br />
|-<br />
|Macao SAR<br />
|10.753<br />
| -2.048<br />
| -21.515<br />
| -0.679<br />
|9.86<br />
|6.406<br />
| -2.563<br />
| -54.336<br />
|23.535<br />
| -19.609<br />
|75.062<br />
|8.808<br />
|3.594<br />
|2.866769<br />
|-<br />
|Madagascar<br />
|2.3<br />
|3.339<br />
|3.132<br />
|3.993<br />
|3.933<br />
|3.194<br />
|4.411<br />
| -7.138<br />
|4.651<br />
|4.156<br />
|4.203<br />
|4.2<br />
|3.94<br />
|2.947231<br />
|-<br />
|Malawi<br />
|5.2<br />
|5.7<br />
|2.95<br />
|2.27<br />
|4<br />
|4.392<br />
|5.448<br />
|1.013<br />
|4.558<br />
|0.921<br />
|1.892<br />
|1.8<br />
|3.5<br />
|3.357231<br />
|-<br />
|Malaysia<br />
|4.694<br />
|6.007<br />
|5.007<br />
|4.45<br />
|5.813<br />
|4.843<br />
|4.413<br />
| -5.457<br />
|3.315<br />
|8.862<br />
|3.555<br />
|5.114<br />
|4.1<br />
|4.208923<br />
|-<br />
|Maldives<br />
|6.963<br />
|7.801<br />
|3.972<br />
|6.572<br />
|7.055<br />
|8.668<br />
|7.298<br />
| -32.909<br />
|37.508<br />
|13.826<br />
|4.726<br />
|5.134<br />
|4.469<br />
|6.237154<br />
|-<br />
|Mali<br />
|2.295<br />
|7.085<br />
|6.172<br />
|5.852<br />
|5.305<br />
|4.746<br />
|4.756<br />
| -1.235<br />
|3.053<br />
|3.475<br />
|4.657<br />
|4.4<br />
|4.9<br />
|4.266231<br />
|-<br />
|Malta<br />
|6.292<br />
|7.632<br />
|9.62<br />
|4.078<br />
|12.971<br />
|7.189<br />
|4.086<br />
| -3.359<br />
|13.301<br />
|4.269<br />
|6.797<br />
|5.968<br />
|3.9<br />
|6.364923<br />
|-<br />
|Marshall Islands<br />
|3.788<br />
| -1.285<br />
|1.89<br />
|2.523<br />
|3.563<br />
|5.484<br />
|10.469<br />
| -2.777<br />
|1.197<br />
| -1.096<br />
| -3.926<br />
|2.75<br />
|2.527<br />
|1.931308<br />
|-<br />
|Mauritania<br />
|4.151<br />
|4.275<br />
|5.376<br />
|1.261<br />
|6.271<br />
|4.773<br />
|3.146<br />
| -0.429<br />
|0.737<br />
|6.796<br />
|6.507<br />
|4.566<br />
|4.445<br />
|3.990385<br />
|-<br />
|Mauritius<br />
|3.36<br />
|3.827<br />
|3.691<br />
|3.862<br />
|3.938<br />
|4.007<br />
|2.891<br />
| -14.547<br />
|3.404<br />
|8.7<br />
|4.993<br />
|4.7<br />
|3<br />
|2.755846<br />
|-<br />
|Mexico<br />
|0.852<br />
|2.504<br />
|2.702<br />
|1.772<br />
|1.872<br />
|1.972<br />
| -0.393<br />
| -8.354<br />
|6.048<br />
|3.711<br />
|3.295<br />
|1.454<br />
| -0.26<br />
|1.321154<br />
|-<br />
|Micronesia<br />
| -3.661<br />
| -2.587<br />
|4.509<br />
|0.985<br />
|2.256<br />
|0.494<br />
|3.363<br />
| -1.976<br />
|3.1<br />
| -2.906<br />
|0.482<br />
|0.719<br />
|1.085<br />
|0.451<br />
|-<br />
|Moldova<br />
|9.044<br />
|5<br />
| -0.7<br />
|4.6<br />
|4.2<br />
|4.1<br />
|3.6<br />
| -8.3<br />
|13.9<br />
| -4.6<br />
|1.2<br />
|0.5<br />
|0.6<br />
|2.549538<br />
|-<br />
|Mongolia<br />
|11.649<br />
|7.885<br />
|2.41<br />
|1.49<br />
|5.637<br />
|7.745<br />
|5.602<br />
| -4.558<br />
|1.637<br />
|5.033<br />
|7.422<br />
|4.864<br />
|6.043<br />
|4.835308<br />
|-<br />
|Montenegro<br />
|3.549<br />
|1.784<br />
|3.39<br />
|2.949<br />
|4.716<br />
|5.078<br />
|4.063<br />
| -15.307<br />
|13.043<br />
|6.407<br />
|6.338<br />
|3.04<br />
|3.2<br />
|3.25<br />
|-<br />
|Morocco<br />
|4.535<br />
|2.669<br />
|4.345<br />
|0.521<br />
|5.058<br />
|3.066<br />
|2.891<br />
| -7.178<br />
|8.155<br />
|1.527<br />
|3.403<br />
|3.186<br />
|3.905<br />
|2.775615<br />
|-<br />
|Mozambique<br />
|6.571<br />
|7.703<br />
|7.393<br />
|4.697<br />
|2.638<br />
|3.485<br />
|2.318<br />
| -1.22<br />
|2.377<br />
|4.364<br />
|5.437<br />
|1.852<br />
|2.524<br />
|3.856846<br />
|-<br />
|Myanmar<br />
|7.899<br />
|8.2<br />
|5.862<br />
|6.759<br />
|6.136<br />
|6.277<br />
|6.562<br />
| -9.032<br />
| -11.995<br />
|4.017<br />
|0.997<br />
| -1.122<br />
|1.904<br />
|2.497231<br />
|-<br />
|Namibia<br />
|5.615<br />
|6.093<br />
|4.264<br />
|0.034<br />
| -1.027<br />
|1.06<br />
| -0.839<br />
| -8.101<br />
|3.604<br />
|5.399<br />
|4.443<br />
|3.712<br />
|3.783<br />
|2.156923<br />
|-<br />
|Nauru<br />
|3.648<br />
|16.423<br />
|2.698<br />
|4.363<br />
| -6.011<br />
| -1.219<br />
|8.487<br />
|1.982<br />
|7.207<br />
|2.952<br />
|0.646<br />
|1.76<br />
|1.954<br />
|3.453077<br />
|-<br />
|Nepal<br />
|3.525<br />
|6.011<br />
|3.976<br />
|0.433<br />
|8.977<br />
|7.622<br />
|6.657<br />
| -2.37<br />
|4.838<br />
|5.631<br />
|1.953<br />
|3.101<br />
|4.047<br />
|4.184692<br />
|-<br />
|Netherlands<br />
| -0.032<br />
|1.612<br />
|2.121<br />
|2.425<br />
|2.783<br />
|2.26<br />
|2.3<br />
| -3.877<br />
|6.278<br />
|5.007<br />
|0.073<br />
|0.98<br />
|1.413<br />
|1.795615<br />
|-<br />
|New Zealand<br />
|2.171<br />
|3.807<br />
|3.606<br />
|3.969<br />
|3.341<br />
|3.477<br />
|3.021<br />
| -1.311<br />
|5.69<br />
|2.856<br />
|1.811<br />
| -0.483<br />
|1.372<br />
|2.563615<br />
|-<br />
|Nicaragua<br />
|4.927<br />
|4.785<br />
|4.792<br />
|4.563<br />
|4.631<br />
| -3.363<br />
| -2.897<br />
| -2.237<br />
|10.454<br />
|3.55<br />
|4.428<br />
|3.588<br />
|3.2<br />
|3.109308<br />
|-<br />
|Niger<br />
|5.311<br />
|6.644<br />
|4.393<br />
|5.741<br />
|5.001<br />
|7.007<br />
|6.143<br />
|3.55<br />
|1.361<br />
|11.862<br />
|2.375<br />
|10.3<br />
|6.587<br />
|5.867308<br />
|-<br />
|Nigeria<br />
|5.394<br />
|6.31<br />
|2.653<br />
| -1.617<br />
|0.806<br />
|1.923<br />
|2.208<br />
| -1.794<br />
|3.647<br />
|3.252<br />
|2.86<br />
|3.426<br />
|3.039<br />
|2.469769<br />
|-<br />
|North Macedonia<br />
|2.925<br />
|3.629<br />
|3.856<br />
|2.848<br />
|1.082<br />
|2.881<br />
|3.91<br />
| -4.688<br />
|4.511<br />
|2.758<br />
|2.073<br />
|2.756<br />
|3.2<br />
|2.441615<br />
|-<br />
|Norway<br />
|1.016<br />
|2.048<br />
|1.857<br />
|1.165<br />
|2.464<br />
|0.829<br />
|1.124<br />
| -1.278<br />
|3.909<br />
|3.246<br />
|0.072<br />
|2.1<br />
|2.137<br />
|1.591462<br />
|-<br />
|Oman<br />
|5.227<br />
|1.292<br />
|5.017<br />
|5.046<br />
|0.304<br />
|1.288<br />
| -1.129<br />
| -3.38<br />
|2.582<br />
|7.986<br />
|1.187<br />
|1.674<br />
|2.33<br />
|2.263385<br />
|-<br />
|Pakistan<br />
|3.856<br />
|3.556<br />
|3.812<br />
|4.072<br />
|4.609<br />
|6.096<br />
|3.12<br />
| -0.943<br />
|5.77<br />
|6.18<br />
| -0.218<br />
|2.497<br />
|2.649<br />
|3.465846<br />
|-<br />
|Palau<br />
| -1.392<br />
|4.212<br />
|8.57<br />
|1.666<br />
| -3.421<br />
| -0.418<br />
|0.301<br />
| -5.996<br />
| -11.925<br />
| -0.782<br />
|1.367<br />
|7.139<br />
|5.741<br />
|0.389385<br />
|-<br />
|Panama<br />
|6.903<br />
|5.067<br />
|5.733<br />
|4.953<br />
|5.591<br />
|3.685<br />
|3.282<br />
| -17.668<br />
|15.836<br />
|10.809<br />
|7.595<br />
|2.9<br />
|4<br />
|4.514308<br />
|-<br />
|Papua New Guinea<br />
|3.825<br />
|13.544<br />
|6.576<br />
|5.492<br />
|3.535<br />
| -0.279<br />
|4.48<br />
| -3.167<br />
| -0.511<br />
|5.707<br />
|3.815<br />
|3.744<br />
|4.57<br />
|3.948538<br />
|-<br />
|Paraguay<br />
|8.293<br />
|5.301<br />
|2.957<br />
|4.268<br />
|4.81<br />
|3.204<br />
| -0.402<br />
| -0.82<br />
|4.017<br />
|0.176<br />
|4.999<br />
|4<br />
|3.8<br />
|3.431<br />
|-<br />
|Peru<br />
|5.853<br />
|2.382<br />
|3.252<br />
|3.953<br />
|2.519<br />
|3.969<br />
|2.24<br />
| -10.869<br />
|13.361<br />
|2.809<br />
| -0.403<br />
|3.333<br />
|2.84<br />
|2.710692<br />
|-<br />
|Philippines<br />
|6.751<br />
|6.348<br />
|6.348<br />
|7.149<br />
|6.931<br />
|6.341<br />
|6.119<br />
| -9.518<br />
|5.715<br />
|7.581<br />
|5.519<br />
|5.692<br />
|5.476<br />
|5.111692<br />
|-<br />
|Poland<br />
|0.684<br />
|3.92<br />
|4.432<br />
|3.031<br />
|5.152<br />
|6.246<br />
|4.581<br />
| -2.036<br />
|6.927<br />
|5.255<br />
|0.139<br />
|2.852<br />
|3.237<br />
|3.416923<br />
|-<br />
|Portugal<br />
| -0.984<br />
|0.741<br />
|1.59<br />
|2.004<br />
|3.315<br />
|2.946<br />
|2.746<br />
| -8.205<br />
|5.559<br />
|6.986<br />
|2.613<br />
|1.928<br />
|1.96<br />
|1.784538<br />
|-<br />
|Puerto Rico<br />
| -0.307<br />
| -1.19<br />
| -1.049<br />
| -1.264<br />
| -2.885<br />
| -4.362<br />
|1.676<br />
| -4.181<br />
|0.386<br />
|3.568<br />
|0.564<br />
|1<br />
| -0.8<br />
| -0.680308<br />
|-<br />
|Qatar<br />
|5.556<br />
|5.334<br />
|4.753<br />
|3.064<br />
| -1.498<br />
|1.235<br />
|0.688<br />
| -3.558<br />
|1.627<br />
|4.185<br />
|1.369<br />
|2.366<br />
|2.41<br />
|2.117769<br />
|-<br />
|Romania<br />
|0.279<br />
|4.116<br />
|3.157<br />
|2.86<br />
|8.195<br />
|6.121<br />
|3.923<br />
| -3.674<br />
|5.546<br />
|3.965<br />
|2.404<br />
|0.856<br />
|1.597<br />
|3.026538<br />
|-<br />
|Russia<br />
|1.755<br />
|0.736<br />
| -1.973<br />
|0.194<br />
|1.827<br />
|2.806<br />
|2.198<br />
| -2.654<br />
|5.866<br />
| -1.436<br />
|4.083<br />
|4.1<br />
|1.456<br />
|1.458308<br />
|-<br />
|Rwanda<br />
|4.73<br />
|6.154<br />
|8.867<br />
|5.969<br />
|3.931<br />
|8.526<br />
|9.437<br />
| -3.371<br />
|10.861<br />
|8.152<br />
|8.255<br />
|8.891<br />
|7.109<br />
|6.731615<br />
|-<br />
|Samoa<br />
|0.107<br />
|0.66<br />
|3.85<br />
|7.984<br />
|1.406<br />
| -0.61<br />
|4.453<br />
| -3.099<br />
| -7.027<br />
| -5.369<br />
|9.215<br />
|9.416<br />
|5.381<br />
|2.028231<br />
|-<br />
|San Marino<br />
| -0.814<br />
| -0.66<br />
|2.717<br />
|2.313<br />
|0.267<br />
|1.482<br />
|2.023<br />
| -6.829<br />
|14.384<br />
|7.898<br />
|0.4<br />
|0.696<br />
|1<br />
|1.913615<br />
|-<br />
|São Tomé and Príncipe<br />
|5.12<br />
|4.906<br />
|1.54<br />
|5.177<br />
|4.113<br />
|4.378<br />
|2<br />
|2.6<br />
|1.9<br />
|0.2<br />
|0.4<br />
|0.9<br />
|3.125<br />
|2.796846<br />
|-<br />
|Saudi Arabia<br />
|2.535<br />
|3.811<br />
|4.509<br />
|1.884<br />
|0.911<br />
|3.199<br />
|1.098<br />
| -3.582<br />
|5.075<br />
|7.486<br />
| -0.755<br />
|1.306<br />
|2.989<br />
|2.343538<br />
|-<br />
|Senegal<br />
|2.412<br />
|6.224<br />
|6.367<br />
|6.356<br />
|7.407<br />
|6.209<br />
|4.614<br />
|1.342<br />
|6.54<br />
|3.998<br />
|4.3<br />
|6.679<br />
|8.445<br />
|5.453308<br />
|-<br />
|Serbia<br />
|0.452<br />
| -1.804<br />
|1.296<br />
|2.975<br />
|2.363<br />
|4.649<br />
|4.75<br />
| -0.95<br />
|7.949<br />
|2.631<br />
|3.847<br />
|3.878<br />
|3.463<br />
|2.730692<br />
|-<br />
|Seychelles<br />
|6.403<br />
|4.717<br />
|8.913<br />
|12.118<br />
|6.957<br />
|4.937<br />
|5.513<br />
| -11.741<br />
|0.554<br />
|12.711<br />
|2.259<br />
|3<br />
|3.526<br />
|4.605154<br />
|-<br />
|Sierra Leone<br />
|9.428<br />
| -0.622<br />
| -3.083<br />
|4.675<br />
|3.941<br />
|3.405<br />
|5.503<br />
| -1.253<br />
|5.897<br />
|5.314<br />
|5.71<br />
|3.681<br />
|4.659<br />
|3.635<br />
|-<br />
|Singapore<br />
|4.818<br />
|3.936<br />
|2.977<br />
|3.748<br />
|4.477<br />
|3.452<br />
|1.308<br />
| -3.815<br />
|9.757<br />
|4.108<br />
|1.821<br />
|4.388<br />
|2.012<br />
|3.306692<br />
|-<br />
|Slovak Republic<br />
|0.703<br />
|2.708<br />
|5.177<br />
|1.948<br />
|2.875<br />
|4.062<br />
|2.276<br />
| -2.586<br />
|5.727<br />
|0.45<br />
|1.378<br />
|2.026<br />
|1.252<br />
|2.153538<br />
|-<br />
|Slovenia<br />
| -0.824<br />
|2.763<br />
|2.393<br />
|3.035<br />
|5.174<br />
|4.379<br />
|3.505<br />
| -4.085<br />
|8.39<br />
|2.699<br />
|2.113<br />
|1.591<br />
|1.8<br />
|2.533308<br />
|-<br />
|Solomon Islands<br />
|5.237<br />
|1.186<br />
|1.678<br />
|5.556<br />
|3.077<br />
|2.745<br />
|1.749<br />
| -3.383<br />
|2.564<br />
|2.403<br />
|2.66<br />
|2.535<br />
|2.715<br />
|2.363231<br />
|-<br />
|Somalia<br />
|5.655<br />
|2.747<br />
|4.589<br />
| -1.275<br />
|9.5<br />
|1.4<br />
|2.824<br />
| -2.752<br />
|3.458<br />
|2.727<br />
|4.216<br />
|4<br />
|4<br />
|3.160692<br />
|-<br />
|South Africa<br />
|2.485<br />
|1.414<br />
|1.322<br />
|0.665<br />
|1.158<br />
|1.557<br />
|0.26<br />
| -6.169<br />
|4.955<br />
|1.911<br />
|0.698<br />
|0.58<br />
|0.979<br />
|0.908846<br />
|-<br />
|South Sudan<br />
|27.272<br />
|1.556<br />
| -0.231<br />
| -13.299<br />
| -5.794<br />
| -2.149<br />
|0.856<br />
| -6.494<br />
|5.329<br />
| -5.186<br />
|2.458<br />
| -27.607<br />
| -4.314<br />
| -2.123308<br />
|-<br />
|Spain<br />
| -1.428<br />
|1.521<br />
|4.062<br />
|2.915<br />
|2.894<br />
|2.394<br />
|1.961<br />
| -10.941<br />
|6.685<br />
|6.182<br />
|2.673<br />
|3.151<br />
|2.501<br />
|1.89<br />
|-<br />
|Sri Lanka<br />
|4.052<br />
|6.378<br />
|4.206<br />
|5.054<br />
|6.461<br />
|2.31<br />
| -0.22<br />
| -4.625<br />
|4.207<br />
| -7.349<br />
| -2.33<br />
|5.009<br />
|n/a<br />
|1.929417<br />
|-<br />
|St. Kitts and Nevis<br />
|5.706<br />
|7.587<br />
|0.717<br />
|3.91<br />
|0.017<br />
|2.053<br />
|4.05<br />
| -14.561<br />
| -1.676<br />
|10.523<br />
|4.3<br />
|1.536<br />
|1.964<br />
|2.009692<br />
|-<br />
|St. Lucia<br />
| -2.222<br />
|1.302<br />
| -0.24<br />
|3.806<br />
|3.38<br />
|2.887<br />
| -0.7<br />
| -24.362<br />
|11.6<br />
|20.387<br />
|2.21<br />
|3.793<br />
|3.035<br />
|1.913538<br />
|-<br />
|St. Vincent and the Grenadines<br />
|2.968<br />
|1.042<br />
|2.769<br />
|4.034<br />
|1.499<br />
|3.185<br />
|0.719<br />
| -4.722<br />
|2.197<br />
|5.043<br />
|5.8<br />
|4.8<br />
|4.7<br />
|2.618<br />
|-<br />
|Sudan<br />
|1.955<br />
|4.661<br />
|4.906<br />
|4.7<br />
|0.768<br />
| -2.29<br />
| -2.5<br />
| -3.63<br />
|0.5<br />
| -2.5<br />
| -20.755<br />
| -23.363<br />
| -0.379<br />
| -2.917462<br />
|-<br />
|Suriname<br />
|2.931<br />
|0.254<br />
| -3.414<br />
| -4.912<br />
|1.566<br />
|4.948<br />
|1.168<br />
| -15.975<br />
| -2.435<br />
|2.406<br />
|2.54<br />
|3.049<br />
|3.202<br />
| -0.359385<br />
|-<br />
|Sweden<br />
|1.138<br />
|2.296<br />
|4.41<br />
|2.35<br />
|1.825<br />
|1.903<br />
|2.55<br />
| -2.005<br />
|5.938<br />
|1.459<br />
| -0.114<br />
|0.974<br />
|1.858<br />
|1.890923<br />
|-<br />
|Switzerland<br />
|1.849<br />
|2.287<br />
|1.574<br />
|2.1<br />
|1.433<br />
|2.86<br />
|1.156<br />
| -2.29<br />
|5.573<br />
|3.126<br />
|0.743<br />
|1.269<br />
|0.876<br />
|1.735077<br />
|-<br />
|Taiwan<br />
|2.483<br />
|4.719<br />
|1.465<br />
|2.165<br />
|3.662<br />
|2.905<br />
|3.055<br />
|3.42<br />
|6.72<br />
|2.684<br />
|1.122<br />
|4.299<br />
|2.854<br />
|3.196385<br />
|-<br />
|Tajikistan<br />
|7.4<br />
|6.7<br />
|6<br />
|6.9<br />
|7.1<br />
|7.6<br />
|7.4<br />
|4.39<br />
|9.4<br />
|8<br />
|8.25<br />
|8.357<br />
|6.694<br />
|7.245462<br />
|-<br />
|Tanzania<br />
|6.782<br />
|6.732<br />
|6.161<br />
|6.867<br />
|6.727<br />
|7.028<br />
|6.915<br />
|4.535<br />
|4.838<br />
|4.665<br />
|5.064<br />
|5.436<br />
|6.02<br />
|5.982308<br />
|-<br />
|Thailand<br />
|2.687<br />
|0.984<br />
|3.134<br />
|3.435<br />
|4.178<br />
|4.223<br />
|2.115<br />
| -6.05<br />
|1.543<br />
|2.627<br />
|2.006<br />
|2.53<br />
|1.8<br />
|1.939385<br />
|-<br />
|Timor-Leste<br />
|3.068<br />
|4.527<br />
|2.48<br />
|3.01<br />
| -3.182<br />
| -0.467<br />
|2.667<br />
| -8.492<br />
|2.973<br />
|3.953<br />
|2.375<br />
|4.1<br />
|3.4<br />
|1.570154<br />
|-<br />
|Togo<br />
|5.824<br />
|5.633<br />
|5.468<br />
|5.734<br />
|4.008<br />
|4.795<br />
|4.923<br />
|1.976<br />
|5.991<br />
|5.811<br />
|5.6<br />
|5.3<br />
|5.3<br />
|5.104846<br />
|-<br />
|Tonga<br />
| -1.122<br />
|1.991<br />
|1.114<br />
|6.599<br />
|3.202<br />
|0.688<br />
| -0.208<br />
|1.783<br />
|0.363<br />
| -2.31<br />
|2.084<br />
|2.073<br />
|2.725<br />
|1.460154<br />
|-<br />
|Trinidad and Tobago<br />
|3.345<br />
|3.695<br />
| -0.565<br />
| -7.403<br />
| -4.819<br />
| -0.986<br />
|0.472<br />
| -8.903<br />
| -0.912<br />
|1.082<br />
|1.427<br />
|1.427<br />
|2.367<br />
| -0.751769<br />
|-<br />
|Tunisia<br />
|2.43<br />
|3.09<br />
|0.968<br />
|1.117<br />
|2.252<br />
|2.607<br />
|1.55<br />
| -8.975<br />
|4.736<br />
|2.674<br />
|0.039<br />
|1.357<br />
|1.43<br />
|1.175<br />
|-<br />
|Turkey<br />
|8.486<br />
|4.94<br />
|6.084<br />
|3.323<br />
|7.502<br />
|3.013<br />
|0.819<br />
|1.86<br />
|11.439<br />
|5.533<br />
|5.111<br />
|3.184<br />
|2.706<br />
|4.923077<br />
|-<br />
|Turkmenistan<br />
| -1.754<br />
|3.605<br />
|2.159<br />
| -0.466<br />
|2.141<br />
|1.74<br />
| -3.666<br />
| -2.116<br />
| -0.338<br />
|5.315<br />
|1.974<br />
|2.264<br />
|2.255<br />
|1.008692<br />
|-<br />
|Tuvalu<br />
|3.805<br />
|1.667<br />
|9.379<br />
|4.865<br />
|3.295<br />
|1.654<br />
|13.389<br />
| -3.684<br />
| -0.553<br />
| -2.365<br />
|7.925<br />
|3.316<br />
|2.803<br />
|3.499692<br />
|-<br />
|Uganda<br />
|3.938<br />
|5.745<br />
|8.005<br />
|0.167<br />
|6.795<br />
|5.568<br />
|7.626<br />
| -1.15<br />
|5.515<br />
|6.186<br />
|4.905<br />
|6.293<br />
|6.119<br />
|5.054769<br />
|-<br />
|Ukraine<br />
| -0.027<br />
| -6.553<br />
| -9.773<br />
|2.441<br />
|2.36<br />
|3.488<br />
|3.2<br />
| -3.753<br />
|3.446<br />
| -28.759<br />
|5.324<br />
|3.511<br />
|2<br />
| -1.776538<br />
|-<br />
|United Arab Emirates<br />
|5.056<br />
|4.166<br />
|6.787<br />
|5.561<br />
|0.735<br />
|1.314<br />
|1.108<br />
| -4.957<br />
|4.355<br />
|7.51<br />
|3.619<br />
|3.762<br />
|3.991<br />
|3.308231<br />
|-<br />
|United Kingdom<br />
|1.8<br />
|3.195<br />
|2.223<br />
|1.922<br />
|2.657<br />
|1.405<br />
|1.624<br />
| -10.297<br />
|8.576<br />
|4.839<br />
|0.397<br />
|1.101<br />
|1.077<br />
|1.578385<br />
|-<br />
|United States<br />
|2.118<br />
|2.524<br />
|2.946<br />
|1.82<br />
|2.458<br />
|2.967<br />
|2.584<br />
| -2.163<br />
|6.055<br />
|2.512<br />
|2.887<br />
|2.796<br />
|1.826<br />
|2.41<br />
|-<br />
|Uruguay<br />
|4.638<br />
|3.239<br />
|0.371<br />
|1.69<br />
|1.741<br />
|0.165<br />
|0.928<br />
| -7.357<br />
|5.844<br />
|4.486<br />
|0.742<br />
|3.108<br />
|2.844<br />
|1.726077<br />
|-<br />
|Uzbekistan<br />
|7.297<br />
|6.874<br />
|7.219<br />
|5.932<br />
|4.395<br />
|5.559<br />
|6.78<br />
|1.563<br />
|8.035<br />
|6.001<br />
|6.309<br />
|6.547<br />
|5.899<br />
|6.031538<br />
|-<br />
|Vanuatu<br />
|0.467<br />
|2.575<br />
|3.966<br />
|3.472<br />
|4.414<br />
|2.9<br />
|3.238<br />
| -4.991<br />
| -1.552<br />
|5.186<br />
|2.094<br />
|0.852<br />
|1.374<br />
|1.845769<br />
|-<br />
|Venezuela<br />
|1.343<br />
| -3.894<br />
| -6.221<br />
| -17.04<br />
| -15.671<br />
| -19.655<br />
| -27.658<br />
| -29.999<br />
|0.955<br />
|8.001<br />
|4.002<br />
|5.3<br />
| -4<br />
| -8.041308<br />
|-<br />
|Vietnam<br />
|5.554<br />
|6.422<br />
|6.987<br />
|6.69<br />
|6.94<br />
|7.465<br />
|7.359<br />
|2.865<br />
|2.554<br />
|8.538<br />
|5.065<br />
|7.091<br />
|5.152<br />
|6.052462<br />
|-<br />
|West Bank and Gaza<br />
|4.699<br />
| -0.158<br />
|3.721<br />
|8.865<br />
|1.419<br />
|1.227<br />
|1.363<br />
| -11.318<br />
|7.012<br />
|4.083<br />
| -4.556<br />
|n/a<br />
|n/a<br />
|1.487<br />
|-<br />
|Yemen<br />
|4.824<br />
| -0.189<br />
| -27.995<br />
| -9.375<br />
| -5.072<br />
|0.752<br />
|2.1<br />
| -8.5<br />
| -1<br />
|1.5<br />
| -2<br />
| -1.5<br />
| -1.5<br />
| -3.688846<br />
|-<br />
|Zambia<br />
|5.057<br />
|4.698<br />
|2.92<br />
|3.777<br />
|3.504<br />
|4.127<br />
|1.4<br />
| -2.8<br />
|6.2<br />
|5.211<br />
|5.368<br />
|4.043<br />
|6.2<br />
|3.823462<br />
|-<br />
|Zimbabwe<br />
|2.068<br />
|2.401<br />
|1.845<br />
|0.754<br />
|5.203<br />
|5.01<br />
| -6.332<br />
| -7.817<br />
|8.468<br />
|6.139<br />
|5.337<br />
|2.027<br />
|6.022<br />
|2.394231<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Economic growth]]<br />
* [[List of European countries by GDP growth]]<br />
* [[World economy]]<br />
* [[Gross domestic product]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{GDP country lists}}<br />
{{Global economic classifications}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of countries by GDP-based indicators|Real GDP growth rate]]<br />
[[Category:Macroeconomic indicators]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2009%E2%80%9310_East_Bengal_FC_season&diff=4822892009–10 East Bengal FC season2025-12-06T11:30:40Z<p>Pureganics: created initial data w/ infobox</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian football club season}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=April 2019}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox football club season<br />
| club = [[Kingfisher East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
| season = [[2009–10 I-League|'''2009–10''']]<br />
| manager = [[Subhash Bhowmick]]<br />{{nowrap|''(until 25 October 2009)''}}<br>[[Philippe De Ridder]]<br />{{nowrap|''(from 6 November 2009)''}}<br />
| mgrtitle = Head-Coach<br />
| chairman = Dr Pranab Dasgupta<br />
| chrtitle = President<br />
| stdtitle = Ground<br />
| stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />[[Barasat Stadium]]<br />[[East Bengal Ground]]<br />
| league = [[I-League]]<br />
| league result = '''[[2009–10 I-League|9th]]'''<br />
| league2 = [[Calcutta Football League]]<br />
| league2 result = '''3rd'''<br />
| cup1 = [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]<br />
| cup1 result = '''[[2009-10 Indian Federation Cup|Champions]]'''<br />
| cup2 = [[IFA Shield]]<br />
| cup2 result = '''[[2009 IFA Shield|Group Stage]]'''<br />
| cup3 = [[Durand Cup]]<br />
| cup3 result = '''[[2009 Durand Cup|Group Stage]]'''<br />
| cup4 = E. K. Nayanar Cup<br />
| cup4 result = '''Group Stage'''<br />
| cup5 = [[AFC Cup]]<br />
| cup5 result = '''[[2010 AFC Cup|Group Stage]]'''<br />
| league topscorer = [[Yusif Yakubu]] ('''9''')<br />
| season topscorer = [[Yusif Yakubu]] ('''13''')<br />
| highest attendance = <br />
| lowest attendance = <br />
| average attendance = <br />
|pattern_b1 = _EastBengal_09_10_Home<br />
|pattern_la1 = _goldshoulders<br />
|pattern_ra1 = _goldshoulders<br />
|pattern_sh1 =<br />
|pattern_so1 = _2 gold stripes<br />
|leftarm1 = FF0000<br />
|body1 = FFDF00<br />
|rightarm1 = FF0000<br />
|shorts1 = 000000<br />
|socks1 = FF0000<br />
|pattern_b2 = _EastBengal_09_10_Away<br />
|pattern_la2 = _EastBengal_09_10_Away<br />
|pattern_ra2 = _EastBengal_09_10_Away<br />
|pattern_sh2 = <br />
|leftarm2 =ffffff<br />
|body2 =ffffff<br />
|rightarm2 =ffffff<br />
|shorts2 =000000<br />
|socks2 =ffffff<br />
| prevseason = [[2008–09 East Bengal F.C. season|2008–09]]<br />
| nextseason = [[2010–11 East Bengal F.C. season|2010-11]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The 2009–10 season is [[Kingfisher East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal Football Club]]'s 3rd season in the [[I-League]], and also marks the club's 90th season. East Bengal will seek to win their first league trophy for 5 seasons, competing in the [[2009–10 I-League|I-League]], the [[2009-10 Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]] and the [[2010 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]].<br />
<br />
==Squad==<br />
For the 2009–10 season.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/club/currentSquad.asp |title=Official list |access-date=2012-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230012614/http://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/club/currentSquad.asp |archive-date=2011-12-30 |url-status=usurped }}</ref><br><br />
{{Fs start}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=1|pos=GK|nat=India|name=[[Abhra Mondal]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=|pos=GK|nat=India|name=[[Arup Debnath]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=|pos=GK|nat=India|name=[[Gurpreet Singh Sandhu]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=|pos=GK|nat=India|name=[[Priyant Kumar Singh]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=2|pos=DF|nat=India|name=[[Ravinder Singh (footballer)|Ravinder Singh]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=4|pos=DF|nat=Nigeria|name=[[Uga Samuel Okpara]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=19|pos=DF|nat=India|name=[[Syed Rahim Nabi]]}}[Captain]<br />
{{Fs player|no=29|pos=DF|nat=India|name=[[Saumik Dey]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=26|pos=DF|nat=India|name=[[Mehrajuddin Wadoo]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=India|name=[[Govin Singh]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=3|pos=DF|nat=India|name=[[Nirmal Chettri]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=India|name=Wasim Feroz}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=India|name=Saheb Ali Mondal}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=India|name=Jeevan Singh}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=33|pos=DF|nat=India|name=Saikat Saha Roy}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=India|name=Sayantan Das Roy}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=7|pos=MF|nat=India|name=[[Harmanjot Singh Khabra]]}}<br />
{{Fs mid}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=-|pos=MF|nat=India|name=[[Riston Rodrigues]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=9|pos=MF|nat=India|name=[[Alvito D'Cunha]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=24|pos=MF|nat=India|name=[[Mumtaz Akhtar]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=32|pos=MF|nat=India|name=[[Beikhokhei Beingaichho]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=14|pos=MF|nat=India|name=[[Mehtab Hossain]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=12|pos=MF|nat=India|name=[[Renedy Singh]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=11|pos=MF|nat=India|name=[[Sanju Pradhan]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=17|pos=MF|nat=India|name=[[Chhangte Malsawmkima]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=42|pos=MF|nat=India|name=Poibang Poshnua}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=18|pos=MF|nat=Australia|name=[[Srećko Mitrović]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=15|pos=FW|nat=India|name=[[Baichung Bhutia]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=25|pos=FW|nat=Ghana|name=[[Abel Hammond]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=20|pos=FW|nat=Ghana|name=[[Yusif Yakubu]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=6 |pos=FW|nat=India|name=[[Subhash Singh]]}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=6 |pos=FW|nat=India|name=Budhiram Tudu}}<br />
{{Fs player|no=6 |pos=FW|nat=India|name=[[Bijen Singh]]}}<br />
{{Fs end}}<br />
<br />
*'''Coach''': [[Philippe De Ridder]]<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190609144422/https://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/team-archives.php Team archives]}} East Bengal Football Club</ref><br />
*'''Asst coach''': [[Tushar Rakshit]]<br />
*'''Goalkeeper coach''': [[Atanu Bhattacharya]]<br />
*'''Team doctor''': Dr. S R Dasgupta<br />
*'''Team manager''': Swapan Ball, Gopal Ghosh<br />
<br />
==Stadiums==<br />
Kingfisher East Bengal F.C. have been using both the [[Salt Lake Stadium]] and the [[East Bengal Ground]] sense Salt Lake Stadium opened in 1984. As of today the [[Salt Lake Stadium]] is used for East Bengal's [[I-League]], [[AFC Cup]], and [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] games. The [[East Bengal Ground]] is used for the [[Calcutta Football League]] matches.<br />
<br />
==Pre Season tour of Myanmar==<br />
In 2009, under coach [[Subhash Bhowmick]], [[East Bengal FC]] toured Myanmar in August for a set of friendlies as a part of their pre-season campaign after a heavy training camp in [[Puri]], [[Odisha]]. The Red and Gold brigade had imported players like [[Jan Berger (footballer, born 1976)|Jan Berger]], [[Omar Sebastián Monesterolo]] and [[Ramez Dayoub]], however, the latter could not be a part of the team since his previous club [[Safa SC]] denied transfer clearance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/berger-s-brother-and-bhutia-on-east-bengal-list/story-EhHns9KPSsLCjxCELk9qjJ.html|title=Berger's brother and Bhutia on East Bengal list|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=27 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghoshal|first=Amoy|date=2013-02-24|title=Interview with Ramez Dayoub : If I have a chance I will move to India one day|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/interview-with-ramez-dayoub-if-i-have-a-chance-i-will-move-to-india-one-day|access-date=2021-04-01|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><br />
<br />
East Bengal played 4 friendly games in Myanmar against [[Myanmar National League]] teams, in which they won 2, drew 1 and lost 1 before returning to Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2009/08/24/1457890/east-bengal-end-myanmar-tour-with-a-draw|title=East Bengal end Myanmar tour with draw|work=Goal.com|access-date=27 October 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Matches===<br />
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|date= 16 August 2009<br />
|round=Friendly<br />
|time= <br />
|team1= [[Yadanarbon F.C.|Yadanarbon]]<br />
|score= 2–1<br />
|report = [https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2009/08/18/1446422/east-bengal-lose-in-myanmar Report]<br />
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1= ??{{goal}}{{goal}}<br />
|goals2= [[Harmanjot Khabra]] {{goal}}<br />
|stadium= [[Bahtoo Stadium]], [[Mandalay]], [[Myanmar]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= L<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|date= 19 August 2009<br />
|round=Friendly<br />
|time= <br />
|team1= [[Yangon United F.C.|Yangon United]]<br />
|score= 1–3<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1= ??{{goal}}<br />
|goals2= [[Harmanjot Khabra]] {{goal}}<br> [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal}} {{goal}}<br />
|stadium= [[Bogyoke Aung San Stadium|Aung San Stadium]], [[Yangon]], [[Myanmar]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|date= 21 August 2009<br />
|round=Friendly<br />
|time= <br />
|team1= [[Okktha United FC|Okktha United]]<br />
|score= 0–1<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= [[Omar Sebastián Monesterolo]] {{goal}}<br />
|stadium= [[Bogyoke Aung San Stadium|Aung San Stadium]], [[Yangon]], [[Myanmar]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|date= 23 August 2009<br />
|round=Friendly<br />
|time= <br />
|team1= [[Magwe F.C.|Magwe]]<br />
|score= 2–2<br />
|report = [https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2009/08/24/1457890/east-bengal-end-myanmar-tour-with-a-draw Report]<br />
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= [[Omar Sebastián Monesterolo]] {{goal}}<br>[[Beikhokhei Beingaichho]] {{goal}}<br />
|stadium= [[Thuwunna Stadium]], [[Yangon]], [[Myanmar]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Competitions==<br />
<br />
===Overall===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="text-align:center; width:200px;" | Competition<br />
! style="text-align:center; width:170px;" | First match<br />
! style="text-align:center; width:170px;" | Last match<br />
! style="text-align:center; width:130px;" | Final position<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left;"|[[IFA Shield]]<br />
| 3 September 2009<br />
| 5 September 2009<br />
| [[2009 IFA Shield|Group Stage]]<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Durand Cup]]<br />
| 16 September 2009<br />
| 18 September 2009<br />
| [[2009 Durand Cup|Group Stage]]<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Calcutta Football League]]<br />
| 21 October 2009<br />
| 12 May 2010<br />
| 3rd<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left;"|[[I-League]]<br />
| 3 October 2009<br />
| 27 May 2009<br />
| [[2009–10 I-League|9th]]<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]<br />
| 22 December 2009<br />
| 3 January 2010<br />
|bgcolor="gold"|[[2009-10 Indian Federation Cup|Champions]]<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left;"|E.K. Nayanar Cup<br />
| 16 February 2010<br />
| 19 February 2010<br />
| Group Stage<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left;"|[[AFC Cup]]<br />
| 10 March 2010<br />
| 27 April 2010<br />
| [[2010 AFC Cup|Group Stage]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Overview===<br />
{{Fb overview<br />
|c=3<br />
|c1=[[2009 IFA Shield|IFA Shield]]<br />
|w1=0|l1=2|d1=0|f1=3|a1=7<br />
|c2=[[2009 Durand Cup|Durand Cup]]<br />
|w2=0|l2=2|d2=0|f2=0|a2=3<br />
|c3=[[Calcutta Football League]] <br />
|w3=8|l3=1|d3=6|f3=34|a3=9<br />
|c4=[[2009–10 I-League|I-League]] <br />
|w4=7|l4=9|d4=10|f4=27|a4=31<br />
|c5=[[2010 Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]] <br />
|w5=3|l5=0|d5=2|f5=4|a5=0<br />
|c6=E.K. Nayanar<br />
|w6=0|l6=0|d6=3|f6=1|a6=1<br />
|c7=[[2010 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]] <br />
|w7=0|l7=6|d7=0|f7=5|a7=20<br />
|u=1 June 2010<br />
}}<br />
<br /><br />
----<br />
<br />
===IFA Shield===<br />
{{main|2009 IFA Shield}}<br />
<br />
====Group A====<br />
{{:2009 IFA Shield|transcludesection=Group A|showteam=EBG}}<br />
<br />
====Fixtures & results====<br />
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 3 September 2009<br />
|round=Group Stage<br />
|time= 16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 1–3<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101103222934/https://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2009/september_news.html#keb_tfa<br />
|team2= [[Tata Football Academy|TFA]]<br />
|goals1= [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|40}}<br />
|goals2= Jagtar Singh {{goal|61}}<br>Irfan Khan {{goal|87}}<br>[[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]] {{goal|89}}<br />
|stadium= [[Barasat Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= L<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 5 September 2009<br />
|round=Group Stage<br />
|time= 16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 2–4<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101102155045/http://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2009/september_news.html#chirag_eastbengal<br />
|team2= [[United S.C.|Chirag United]]<br />
|goals1= [[Riston Rodrigues]] {{goal|21}}<br>[[Subhash Singh]] {{goal}}<br />
|goals2= [[Shylo Malsawmtluanga]] {{goal|7||75}}<br>Parveen Kumar {{goal|18}}<br>[[Josimar da Silva Martins|Joshimar]] {{goal|90+1}}<br />
|stadium= [[Barasat Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= L<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee= C.R. Srikrishna<br />
}}<br />
<br /><br />
----<br />
<br />
===Durand Cup===<br />
{{main|2009 Durand Cup}}<br />
'''Group D'''<br />
{{#lst:2009 Durand Cup|Group D}}<br />
<br />
====Fixtures & results====<br />
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 16 September 2009<br />
|round=Group Stage<br />
|time= 16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 0–1<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101125071156/http://kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2009/september_news2.html#eastbengal_lajong<br />
|team2= [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= Kyrshan Lynshing {{goal|60}}<br />
|stadium= [[Ambedkar Stadium]], [[Delhi]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= L<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 18 September 2009<br />
|round=Group Stage<br />
|time= 16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 0–2<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101125071156/http://kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2009/september_news2.html#keb_mu<br />
|team2= [[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= [[Mohammed Rafi (footballer)|Md. Rafi]] {{goal|62||65}}<br />
|stadium= [[Ambedkar Stadium]], [[Delhi]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= L<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
<br /><br />
----<br />
<br />
===Calcutta Football League===<br />
{{Main|Calcutta Football League}}<br />
<br />
====Fixtures & results====<br />
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 21 October 2009<br />
|round=1<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 4–0<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101103222934/https://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2009/october_news2.html#eastbengal_cfl<br />
|team2= [[Eastern Railway F.C.|Eastern Railway]]<br />
|goals1= [[Nirmal Chettri]] {{goal|34||55}}<br />[[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|42}}<br>Budhiram Tudu {{goal|89}}<br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Barasat Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= [[Nirmal Chettri]] (East Bengal)<br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 18 November 2009<br />
|round=2<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 2–2<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101103222934/https://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2009/november_news3.html#keb_rfc<br />
|team2= Railway FC<br />
|goals1= [[Beikhokhei Beingaichho]] {{goal|30}}<br />[[Srećko Mitrović]] {{goal|85}}<br />
|goals2= Sankha Roy Chowdhury {{goal|65|pen}}<br />Kaltu Hembrom {{goal|90+3}}<br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= Kaltu Hembrom (Railway)<br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 27 November 2009<br />
|round=3<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 1–2<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101103222934/https://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2009/november_news4.html#eastbengal_tolly<br />
|team2= [[Tollygunge Agragami]]<br />
|goals1= [[Harmanjot Khabra]] {{goal|42}}<br />
|goals2= Nuruddin {{goal|14||80}}<br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= L<br />
|motm= Nuruddin (Tollygunge Agragami)<br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 6 December 2009<br />
|round=4<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 4–2<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101201192841/http://kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2009/december_news.html#easybengal_port<br />
|team2= Calcutta Port Trust<br />
|goals1= Budhiram Tudu {{goal|12||72}}<br>[[Abel Hammond]] {{goal|58}}<br>[[Harmanjot Khabra]] {{goal|70}}<br />
|goals2= Henry {{goal|37||45}} <br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= Budhiram Tudu (East Bengal)<br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 9 December 2009<br />
|round=5<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 1–0<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101201192841/http://kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2009/december2_news.html#eastbengal_kalighat<br />
|team2= Kalighat Club<br />
|goals1= Budhiram Tudu {{goal|8}}<br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= Kunal Ghosh (Kalighat)<br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 12 December 2009<br />
|round=6<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 0–0<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101201192841/http://kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2009/december2_news.html#eastbengal_chirag<br />
|team2= [[United S.C.|Chirag United]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= [[Priyant Singh]] (East Bengal)<br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 7 February 2010<br />
|round=7<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 3–0<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101201192841/http://kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2010/february1_2010.html#eastbengal_police<br />
|team2= WB Police<br />
|goals1= [[Abel Hammond]] {{goal|50|pen|60}}<br>[[Alvito D'Cunha]] {{goal|90}}<br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= [[Sanju Pradhan]] (East Bengal)<br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 10 February 2010<br />
|round=8<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 5–0<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101201192841/http://kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2010/february1_2010.html#eastbengal_peerless<br />
|team2= [[Peerless SC|Peerless]]<br />
|goals1= [[Harmanjot Khabra]] {{goal|19}}<br>Budhiram Tudu {{goal|78}}<br>[[Abel Hammond]] {{goal|80}}<br>[[Alvito D'Cunha]] {{goal|86}}<br>Poibang Pohshna {{goal|89}}<br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= [[Sanju Pradhan]] (East Bengal)<br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 12 February 2010<br />
|round=9<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 1–1<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101201192841/http://kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2010/february2_2010.html#eastbengal_customs<br />
|team2= [[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]<br />
|goals1= [[Bijen Singh]] {{goal|45}}<br />
|goals2= Raja Sheikkh {{goal|39}}<br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= Amit Rajbansi (Calcutta Customs)<br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 27 February 2010<br />
|round=10<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 0–0<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101201192841/http://kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2010/february3_2010.html#keb_msc<br />
|team2= [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]<br />
|goals1= [[Uga Okpara]] {{sentoff|0|88}}<br />[[Alvito D'Cunha]] {{sentoff|0|90}}<br />
|goals2= [[Eduardo da Silva Escobar|Eduardo]] {{sentoff|0|88}}<br />[[Dipankar Roy]] {{sentoff|0|90}}<br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= [[Anupam Sarkar]] (Mohammedan SC)<br />
|referee= Biplab Poddar<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 9 April 2010<br />
|round=11<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 6–1<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101125081647/http://kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2010/april2_2010.html#eastbengal_kalighatms<br />
|team2= [[Kalighat Milan Sangha F.C.|Kalighat MS]]<br />
|goals1= Budhiram Tudu {{goal|30}}<br>[[Sanju Pradhan]] {{goal|52||62||74}}<br>[[Subhash Singh]] {{goal|80}}<br>[[Chhangte Malsawmkima|Kima]] {{goal|90}}<br />
|goals2= Subhankar Das {{goal|42}}<br />
|stadium= [[Sailen Manna Stadium]], [[Howrah]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= [[Sanju Pradhan]] (East Bengal)<br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 13 April 2010<br />
|round=12<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 3–1<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101201192841/http://kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2010/april3_2010.html#eastbengal_mac<br />
|team2= Mohammedan AC<br />
|goals1= [[Renedy Singh]] {{goal|12|pen}}<br>Budhiram Tudu {{goal|23||80}}<br />
|goals2= Md. Yasin {{goal|87}}<br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= [[Mumtaz Akhtar]] (East Bengal)<br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 17 April 2010<br />
|round=13<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 0–0<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101201192841/http://kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2010/april4_2010.html#eastbengal_bnr<br />
|team2= [[Bengal Nagpur Railway|BNR]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Sailen Manna Stadium]], [[Howrah]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= [[Gurpreet Singh Sandhu]] (East Bengal)<br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 24 April 2010<br />
|round=14<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 0–0<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101201192841/http://kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2010/april7_2010.html#keb_mmb<br />
|team2= [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1= [[Harmanjot Khabra]] {{sent off|0|73}}<br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= [[Sanju Pradhan]] (East Bengal)<br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 12 May 2010<br />
|round=15<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 4–0<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20101201192841/http://kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2010/may3_2010.html#keb_cgt<br />
|team2= [[George Telegraph S.C.|George Telegraph]]<br />
|goals1= [[Riston Rodrigues]] {{goal|35}}<br>Budhiram Tudu {{goal|48||74}}<br>[[Abel Hammond]] {{goal|82}}<br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= Budhiram Tudu (East Bengal)<br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
----<br />
<br />
===Federation Cup===<br />
{{main|2009–10 Indian Federation Cup}}<br />
;Group A<br />
{{:2009–10 Indian Federation Cup|transcludesection=Group A|showteam=EBG}}<br />
<br />
====Fixtures & results====<br />
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 22 December 2009<br />
|round=Group Stage<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 0–0<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[Chirag United Club Kerala|Viva Kerala]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Satindra Mohan Dev Stadium]], [[Silchar]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 24 December 2009<br />
|round=Group Stage<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 1–0<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]]<br />
|goals1= [[Yusif Yakubu]] {{goal|15}}<br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Satindra Mohan Dev Stadium]], [[Silchar]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 27 December 2009<br />
|round=Group Stage<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 1–0<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[JCT F.C.|JCT]]<br />
|goals1= [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|80}}<br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Satindra Mohan Dev Stadium]], [[Silchar]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 31 December 2009<br />
|round=Semi Final<br />
|time= 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 2–0<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1= [[Yusif Yakubu]] {{goal|46}}<br>[[Mehtab Hossain]] {{goal|82}}<br />
|goals2= [[Jose Ramirez Barreto]] {{penmiss|44}}<br />
|stadium= [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 3 January 2010<br />
|round=Final<br />
|time= 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]<br />
|score=0–0<br />
|aet=yes<br />
|report=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/lajong-party-ends-in-final-shootout/562855/<br />
|team2=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1=<br />
|goals2=<br />
|penalties1=<br />
* [[Anil Gurung|Gurung]] {{penmiss}}<br />
* Ramengmawia {{penmiss}}<br />
* Lyngshing {{penmiss}}<br />
|penaltyscore=0–3<br />
|penalties2=<br />
* [[Yusif Yakubu|Yakubu]] {{pengoal}}<br />
* [[Nirmal Chettri|Chettri]] {{pengoal}}<br />
* [[Harmanjot Khabra|Khabra]] {{penmiss}}<br />
* [[Sanju Pradhan|Pradhan]] {{pengoal}}<br />
|stadium=[[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
----<br />
<br />
===E.K. Nayanar Gold Cup===<br />
<br />
====Fixtures & results====<br />
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 16 February 2010<br />
|round=Group Stage<br />
|time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 0–0<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[Pune F.C.]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Kannur]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 18 February 2010<br />
|round=Group Stage<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 1–1<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[United S.C.|Chirag United]]<br />
|goals1= [[Abel Hammond]] {{goal}}<br />
|goals2= [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal}}<br />
|stadium= [[Kannur]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 19 February 2010<br />
|round=Group Stage<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 0–0<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[Shillong Lajong F.C.]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Kannur]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
<br /><br />
----<br />
<br />
===I League===<br />
{{Main|2009–10 I-League}}<br />
<br />
====League table====<br />
{{:2009–10 I-League|showteam=EB}}<br />
<br />
====Fixtures & results====<br />
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 3 October 2009<br />
|round=1<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Pune F.C.]]<br />
|score= 0–0<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex|Pune Stadium]], [[Pune]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 7 October 2009<br />
|round=2<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Mahindra United F.C.]]<br />
|score= 3–2<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1= [[Muritala Ali]] {{goal|30||42}}<br>[[Pappachen Pradeep|N P Pradeep]] {{goal|78}}<br />
|goals2= [[Alvito D'Cunha]] {{goal|24}}<br>[[Yusif Yakubu]] {{goal|64}}<br />
|stadium= [[Cooperage Ground]], [[Mumbai]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= L<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 11 October 2009<br />
|round=3<br />
|time= 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 0–0<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[JCT F.C.]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 25 October 2009<br />
|round=4<br />
|time= 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 3–5<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1= [[Nirmal Chettri]] {{goal|9}}<br>[[Yusif Yakubu]] {{goal|35||44}}<br />
|goals2= [[Chidi Edeh]] {{goal|17||33||46||66}}<br>[[Manish Maithani]] {{goal|22}}<br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance= 90,000<br />
|result= L<br />
|motm= [[Chidi Edeh]] ([[Mohun Bagan]])<br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 29 October 2009<br />
|round=5<br />
|time= 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 1–1<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[Salgaocar S.C.]]<br />
|goals1= [[Abel Hammond]] {{goal|12}}<br />
|goals2= [[Ekene Ikenwa]] {{goal|88}}<br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance= <br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 2 November 2009<br />
|round=6<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Chirag United Club Kerala|Chirag Kerala]]<br />
|score= 0–1<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|11}}<br />
|stadium= [[EMS Stadium]], [[Kozhikode]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 7 November 2009<br />
|round=7<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Air India F.C.]]<br />
|score= 0–1<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= [[Abel Hammond]] {{goal|31}}<br />
|stadium= [[Cooperage Ground]], [[Mumbai]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 12 November 2009<br />
|round=8<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 3–0<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[Shillong Lajong F.C.]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= [[Abel Hammond]] {{goal|36||90}}<br>[[Yusif Yakubu]] {{goal|90}}<br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 9 January 2010<br />
|round=9<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[United S.C.|Chirag United SC]]<br />
|score= 1–0<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1= [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] {{goal|66|pen}}<br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= L<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 16 January 2010<br />
|round=10<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Mumbai F.C.]]<br />
|score= 0–0<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Cooperage Ground]], [[Mumbai]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 22 January 2010<br />
|round=11<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 3–2<br />
|report = https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/grief-stricken-yakubu-does-it-for-east-bengal/story-w7DixI2m8sNHcVX6zZli7O.html<br />
|team2= [[Churchill Brothers S.C.]]<br />
|goals1= [[Yusif Yakubu]] {{goal|11||38}}<br>[[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|52}}<br />
|goals2= [[Ogba Kalu]] {{goal|9}}<br>[[Reisangmei Vashum]] {{goal|14}}<br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 29 January 2010<br />
|round=12<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Dempo S.C.]]<br />
|score= 0–0<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Fatorda Stadium]], [[Margao]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 3 February 2010<br />
|round=13<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Sporting Clube de Goa]]<br />
|score= 0–1<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= [[Yusif Yakubu]] {{goal|85}}<br />
|stadium= [[Fatorda Stadium]], [[Margao]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 2 March 2010<br />
|round=14<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 1–2<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[Pune F.C.]]<br />
|goals1= [[Abel Hammond]] {{goal|85|pen}}<br />
|goals2= [[Douhou Pierre]] {{goal|46}}<br>[[Edmar Figueira]] {{goal|54}}<br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= L<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 6 March 2010<br />
|round=15<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Shillong Lajong F.C.]]<br />
|score= 1–0<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1= A Daniel {{goal|88}}<br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|JL Nehru Stadium]], [[Shillong]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= L<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 13 March 2010<br />
|round=16<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 1–1<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[Mahindra United F.C.]]<br />
|goals1= [[Mehtab Hossain]] {{goal|65}}<br />
|goals2= [[Mohammed Rafi (footballer)|Mohammed Rafi]] {{goal|74}}<br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 21 March 2010<br />
|round=17<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 0–2<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[Air India F.C.]]<br />
|goals1= <br />
|goals2= K Patil {{goal|31}}<br>N Opara {{goal|77}}<br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= L<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 29 March 2010<br />
|round=18<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Salgaocar S.C.]]<br />
|score= 4–1<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1= [[Cajetan Fernandes]] {{goal|10}}<br>Rouhollah Saminia {{goal|15}}<br>[[Ekene Ikenwa]] {{goal|52||59}}<br />
|goals2= [[Sanju Pradhan]] {{goal|27}}<br />
|stadium= [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|JL Nehru Stadium]], [[Shillong]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= L<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 15 April 2010<br />
|round=20<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 1–0<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[Mumbai F.C.]]<br />
|goals1= [[Yusif Yakubu]] {{goal|60}}<br />
|goals2= <br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 30 April 2010<br />
|round=21<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 1–1<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[Sporting Clube de Goa]]<br />
|goals1= [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|40}}<br />
|goals2= Joseph Perreira {{goal|12}}<br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 4 May 2010<br />
|round=22<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 2–1<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[United S.C.|Chirag United]]<br />
|goals1= [[Beikhokhei Beingaichho]] {{goal|40||67}}<br />
|goals2= [[Josimar da Silva Martins|Joshimar]] {{goal|69}}<br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= W<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 9 May 2010<br />
|round=23<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[JCT F.C.]]<br />
|score= 1–1<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1= [[Abel Hammond]] {{goal|65}}<br />
|goals2= [[Penn Orji]] {{goal|74}}<br />
|stadium= [[Guru Nanak Stadium]], [[Ludhiana]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 16 May 2010<br />
|round=24<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score= 2–1<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1= [[Jose Ramirez Barreto]] {{goal|14}}<br>[[Snehasish Chakraborty]] {{goal|84}}<br />
|goals2= [[Yusif Yakubu]] {{goal|90}}<br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= L<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 23 May 2010<br />
|round=25<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Churchill Brothers S.C.]]<br />
|score= 2–2<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1= [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]] {{goal|36}}<br>[[Felix Chimaokwu]] {{goal|57|pen}}<br />
|goals2= [[Mehtab Hossain]] {{goal|57}}<br>[[Sanju Pradhan]] {{goal|68|pen}}<br />
|stadium= [[Fatorda Stadium]], [[Margao]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date= 27 May 2010<br />
|round=26<br />
|time= 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score= 1–1<br />
|report = <br />
|team2= [[Chirag United Club Kerala|Chirag Kerala]]<br />
|goals1= Budhiram Tudu {{goal|17}}<br />
|goals2= [[C. S. Sabeeth]] {{goal|10}}<br />
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|result= D<br />
|motm= <br />
|referee=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
----<br />
<br />
===AFC Cup===<br />
{{main|2010 AFC Cup}}<br />
<br />
====Group stage====<br />
{{:2010 AFC Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group D|showteam=EB}}<br />
<br />
====Fixtures & results====<br />
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|result = L<br />
|date=10 March 2010<br />
|time=15:00 ([[UTC+5:30]])<br />
|team1=[[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] {{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|score=1–4<br />
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=385&matchId=2808 Report]<br />
|team2={{flagicon|SYR}} [[Al-Ittihad (Aleppo)|Al-Ittihad]]<br />
|goals1=[[Yusif Yakubu|Yakubu]] {{goal|56|pen.}}<br />
|goals2=[[Otobong Ene Edet|Otobong]] {{goal|8}}<br />[[Abdul Fattah Al Agha|Al Agha]] {{goal|29||89}}<br />[[Obaid Al Salal|Al Salal]] {{goal|90+1}}<br />
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=2,800<br />
|referee=[[Võ Minh Trí]] ([[Vietnam Football Federation|Vietnam]])<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|result = L<br />
|date=17 March 2010<br />
|time=18:00 ([[UTC+2]])<br />
|team1=[[Al-Nejmeh SC|Al-Nejmeh]] {{flagicon|LIB}}<br />
|score=3–0<br />
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=385&matchId=2805 Report]<br />
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1=[[Makethe Diop|Diop]] {{goal|19}}<br />[[Abbas Ahmed Atwi|Atwi]] {{goal|23}}<br />[[Bilal Najjarin|Najjarin]] {{goal|48|pen.}} <br />
|goals2=<br />
|stadium=[[Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium|Camille Chamoun Stadium]], [[Beirut]]<br />
|attendance=3,000<br />
|referee=Mohd Nafeez Bin Abdul Wahab ([[Football Association of Malaysia|Malaysia]])<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|result = L<br />
|date=24 March 2010<br />
|time=15:00 ([[UTC+5:30]])<br />
|team1=[[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] {{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|score=2–3<br />
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=385&matchId=2803 Report]<br />
|team2={{flagicon|KUW}} [[Al Qadsia Kuwait|Al-Qadsia]]<br />
|goals1=[[Singam Subhash Singh|Singh]] {{goal|27}}<br />[[Yusif Yakubu|Yakubu]] {{goal|68}}<br />
|goals2=[[Bader Al-Mutwa|Al-Mutwa]] {{goal|2||85}}<br />[[Jehad Al-Hussain|Al-Hussain]] {{goal|20}}<br />
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=1,000<br />
|referee=Saleem Ali ([[Football Association of Maldives|Maldives]])<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|result = L<br />
|date=6 April 2010<br />
|time=18:30 ([[UTC+3]])<br />
|team1=[[Al Qadsia Kuwait|Al-Qadsia]] {{flagicon|KUW}}<br />
|score=4–1<br />
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=385&matchId=2801 Report]<br />
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1=[[Sauod Al-Magmed|Al-Magmed]] {{goal|30}}<br />[[Aziz Mashaan|Mashaan]] {{goal|36}}<br />[[Ahmad Ajab|Ajab]] {{goal|37}}<br />[[Bader Al-Mutwa|Al-Mutwa]] {{goal|85}}<br />
|goals2=[[Mehtab Hossain|Hossain]] {{goal|59}}<br />
|stadium=[[Mohammed Al-Hamad Stadium|Al-Hamad Stadium]], [[Hawally]]<br />
|attendance=2,000<br />
|referee=[[Fan Qi (referee)|Fan Qi]] ([[Chinese Football Association|China PR]])<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|result = L<br />
|date=20 April 2010<br />
|time=16:00 ([[UTC+3]])<br />
|team1=[[Al-Ittihad (Aleppo)|Al-Ittihad]] {{flagicon|SYR}}<br />
|score=2–1<br />
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=385&matchId=2800 Report]<br />
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1=[[Ahmad Kalasi|Kalasi]] {{goal|14}}<br />[[Tamer Rashid|Rashid]] {{goal|58}} <br />
|goals2=[[Bengaicho Beokhokhei|Beokhokhei]] {{goal|78}} <br />
|stadium=[[Aleppo International Stadium]], [[Aleppo]]<br />
|attendance=3,000<br />
|referee=[[Yadollah Jahanbazi]] ([[Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran]])<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|result = L<br />
|date=27 April 2010<br />
|time=15:00 ([[UTC+5:30]])<br />
|team1=[[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] {{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|score=0–4<br />
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=385&matchId=2798 Report]<br />
|team2={{flagicon|LIB}} [[Al-Nejmeh SC|Al-Nejmeh]]<br />
|goals1=<br />
|goals2=[[Abbas Ahmed Atwi|Atwi]] {{goal|3||41}}<br />[[Papa Cisse|Cisse]] {{goal|36}}<br />[[Bilal Najarin|Najarin]] {{goal|68}}<br />
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=1,500<br />
|referee=Pandian Palaniyandi ([[Football Association of Singapore|Singapore]]) <br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Statistics==<br />
<br />
===Appearances===<br />
:Only for competitive fixtures.<br />
:Players with no appearances are not included in the list.<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%"<br />
!colspan="20"| Appearances for East Bengal in 2009–10 season <br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|No.<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|Pos.<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|Nat.<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:165px;" rowspan="2" |Name<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |CFL<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |I League<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |Fed Cup<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |IFA Shield<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |Durand Cup<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |E.K. Nayanar<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |AFC Cup<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |Total<br />
|-<br />
!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="20"| Goalkeepers <br />
|-<br />
| 1 || GK || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Abhra Mondal]] || 3 || 3 || 17 || 17 || 5 || 5 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 3 || 3 || 31 || 31<br />
|-<br />
| 30 || GK || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Gurpreet Singh Sandhu]] || 3 || 3 || 6 || 6 || || || || || || || || || || || 9 || 9<br />
|-<br />
| 24 || GK || {{flagicon|IND}} || Arup Debnath || || || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || || || || || 4 || 4<br />
|-<br />
| 21 || GK || {{flagicon|IND}} || Avijit Ghosh || 4 || 4 || 1 || 1 || || || || || || || || || || || 5 || 5<br />
|-<br />
| 31 || GK || {{flagicon|IND}} || Priyant Singh || 5 || 5 || || || || || || || || || 1 || 1 || 3 || 3 || 9 || 9<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="20"| Defenders <br />
|-<br />
| 19 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] || 4 || 3 || 25 || 25 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 1 || || || 2 || 2 || 36 || 35<br />
|-<br />
| 26 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Mehrajuddin Wadoo]] || 1 || 1 || 22 || 22 || 5 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || || || 5 || 4 || 35 || 33<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || DF || {{flagicon|NGR}} || [[Uga Okpara]] || 7 || 7 || 21 || 21 || 5 || 5 || || || || || || || 4 || 4 || 37 || 37<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Nirmal Chettri]] || 3 || 3 || 19 || 19 || 5 || 5 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || || || 4 || 4 || 33 || 33<br />
|-<br />
| 34 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Govin Singh || 3 || 3 || 10 || 10 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 1 || || || 3 || 3 || 20 || 19<br />
|-<br />
| 29 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Saumik Dey]] || 5 || 5 || 9 || 9 || 5 || 5 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 4 || 3 || 26 || 25<br />
|-<br />
| 33 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Saikat Saha Roy || 11 || 9 || 6 || 5 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 1 || || || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 22 || 17<br />
|-<br />
| 20 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Poibang Pohshna || 10 || 9 || 3 || 3 || || || || || || || 2 || 2 || || || 15 || 14<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Wasim Feroz || 10 || 9 || || || || || 1 || 1 || || || 2 || 2 || || || 13 || 12<br />
|-<br />
| 16 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Saheb Ali Mondal || 11 || 10 || || || || || || || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 16 || 14<br />
|-<br />
| 17 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Jeevan Singh || 3 || 3 || || || || || || || 1 || 0 || || || || || 4 || 3<br />
|-<br />
| || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Sayantan Das Roy || 2 || 2 || || || || || || || || || || || 2 || 2 || 4 || 4<br />
|-<br />
| || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Sontu Das || 1 || 1 || || || || || || || || || || || || || 1 || 1<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="20"| Midfielders <br />
|-<br />
| 14 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Mehtab Hossain]] || 9 || 9 || 25 || 25 || 4 || 4 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 5 || 5 || 47 || 47<br />
|-<br />
| 22 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Sanju Pradhan]] || 8 || 6 || 23 || 14 || 5 || 5 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 4 || 3 || 44 || 30<br />
|-<br />
| 9 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Alvito D'Cunha]] || 8 || 0 || 21 || 13 || 4 || 4 || || || 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 6 || 4 || 42 || 22<br />
|-<br />
| 7 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Harmanjot Khabra]] || 11 || 9 || 20 || 12 || 4 || 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 5 || 4 || 46 || 33<br />
|-<br />
| 27 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Beikhokhei Beingaichho]] || 8 || 7 || 16 || 13 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 1 || || || 4 || 4 || 33 || 28<br />
|-<br />
| 8 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Renedy Singh]] || 3 || 3 || 5 || 4 || || || || || 2 || 2 || || || 2 || 1 || 12 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| 18 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Riston Fernandes || 6 || 5 || 4 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 1 || || || 15 || 14<br />
|-<br />
| 10 || MF || {{flagicon|AUS}} || [[Srecko Mitrovic]] || 2 || 2 || 4 || 4 || || || || || || || || || || || 6 || 6<br />
|-<br />
| 23 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Mumtaz Akhtar || 11 || 10 || 4 || 1 || 2 || 0 || || || || || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 21 || 15<br />
|-<br />
| || MF || {{flagicon|CZE}} || [[Jan Berger (footballer, born 1976)|Jan Berger]] || || || || || || || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || || || || || 2 || 2<br />
|-<br />
| 28 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Malswamkima || 7 || 4 || || || || || || || || || || || 2 || 0 || 9 || 4<br />
|-<br />
| || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || NG Beirona || 0 || 0 || || || || || || || || || 2 || 2 || || || 2 || 2<br />
|-<br />
| || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Suman Dey || 4 || 4 || || || || || || || || || 1 || 1 || || || 5 || 5<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="20"| Forwards<br />
|-<br />
| 12 || FW || {{flagicon|GHA}} || [[Yusif Yakubu]] || || || 21 || 19 || 5 || 5 || || || || || || || 5 || 5 || 31 || 29<br />
|-<br />
| 6 || FW || {{flagicon|GHA}} || [[Abel Hammond]] || 10 || 8 || 19 || 18 || || || || || || || 2 || 0 || 5 || 4 || 36 || 30<br />
|-<br />
| 15 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] || 2 || 0 || 15 || 9 || 3 || 0 || || || || || || || 2 || 2 || 22 || 11<br />
|-<br />
| 24 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Subhash Singh]] || 3 || 3 || 10 || 6 || 5 || 5 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || || || 2 || 2 || 24 || 20<br />
|-<br />
| 35 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || Budhiram Tudu || 11 || 7 || 7 || 4 || 3 || 0 || || || || || 1 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 24 || 13<br />
|-<br />
| 30 || FW || {{flagicon|BRA}} || [[Edmilson Marques Pardal]] || || || || || || || 2 || 2 || || || || || || || 2 || 2<br />
|-<br />
| 30 || FW || {{flagicon|ARG}} || [[Omar Sebastián Monesterolo]] || || || || || || || || || 2 || 2 || || || || || 2 || 2<br />
|-<br />
| || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || Abhijit Sarkar || 2 || 2 || || || || || || || || || || || || || 2 || 2<br />
|-<br />
| 32 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || Goutam Khujur || 2 || 2 || || || || || 2 || 0 || || || || || || || 4 || 2<br />
|-<br />
| 25 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Bijen Singh]] || 4 || 4 || || || || || || || || || || || || || 4 || 4<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Goal Scorers===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
!colspan="13"| Goals for East Bengal in 2009–10 season<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|Rank<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|{{Abbr|Pos.|Position}}<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|{{Tooltip|Nat.|Nationality}}<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|Name<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|CFL<br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|I-League <br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|Fed Cup <br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|IFA Shield <br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|Durand <br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|E.K. Nayanar <br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|AFC Cup <br />
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;"|Total <br />
|-<br />
! 1<br />
| 12 || FW || {{flagicon|GHA}} || [[Yusif Yakubu]] || || 9 || 2 || || || || 2 || 13<br />
|-<br />
! 2<br />
| 6 || FW || {{flagicon|GHA}} || [[Abel Hammond]] || 5 || 6 || 0 || || || 1 || 0 || 12<br />
|-<br />
! 3<br />
| 35 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || Budhiram Tudu || 10 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 11<br />
|-<br />
! 4<br />
| 22 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Sanju Pradhan]] || 3 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 5<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan="3"| 5<br />
| 14 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Mehtab Hossain]] || 0 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 4<br />
|-<br />
| 19 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] || 1 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || || 0 || 4<br />
|-<br />
| 27 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Beikhokhei Beingaichho]] || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 4<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan="4"| 8<br />
| 3 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Nirmal Chettri]] || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || || 0 || 3<br />
|-<br />
| 24 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Subhash Singh]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || || 1 || 3<br />
|-<br />
| 7 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Harmanjot Khabra]] || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 3<br />
|-<br />
| 9 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Alvito D'Cunha]] || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 3<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan="2"| 12<br />
| 15 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] || 0 || 1 || 1 || || || || 0 || 2<br />
|-<br />
| 18 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Riston Rodrigues]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || || 0 || 2<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan="5"| 14<br />
| 8 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Renedy Singh]] || 1 || 0 || || || || || 0 || 1<br />
|-<br />
| 10 || MF || {{flagicon|AUS}} || [[Srećko Mitrović]] || 1 || 0 || || || || || || 1<br />
|-<br />
| 20 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Poibang Pohshna || 1 || || || || || || || 1<br />
|-<br />
| 25 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Bijen Singh]] || 1 || || || || || || || 1<br />
|-<br />
| 28 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Chhangte Malsawmkima|Malsawmkima]] || 1 || || || || || 0 || 0 || 1<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5" | ''Own Goals''<br />
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="5"| Total<br />
! 34 !! 27 !! 4 !! 3 !! 0 !! 1 !! 5 !! 74<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Sponsors==<br />
*Main Sponsor: [[Kingfisher]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{East Bengal F.C.}}<br />
{{2009–10 in Indian football}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:2009-10 East Bengal F.C. season}}<br />
[[Category:2009–10 I-League by team|East Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:East Bengal Club seasons]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2024_Sikkim_Gold_Cup&diff=4832712024 Sikkim Gold Cup2025-11-17T09:57:29Z<p>Pureganics: created first entry initial version</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox football tournament season<br />
|title= Sikkim Gold Cup<br />
|other_titles= All India Governor's Gold Cup<br />
|year= [[2024–25 in Indian football|2024]]<br />
|size=<br />
|image=<br />
|caption=<br />
|country= [[India]]<br />
|dates= 8 – 24 November<br />
|winners= {{fbicon|IND}} [[NorthEast United FC#Reserves and academy|NorthEast United]]<br />
|count=1<br />
|second=<br />
|venue= [[Gangtok]]<br />
|num_teams= 16<br />
|scoring_leader=<br />
|matches= 12<br />
|goals= 47<br />
|attendance=<br />
|prev_season= 2019<br />
|next_season=[[2025 Sikkim Gold Cup|2025]]<br />
|updated=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''2024 Sikkim Gold Cup''' (also known as '''2024 All India Governor's Gold Cup''') was the 40th edition of the [[Sikkim Gold Cup]], hosted by the [[Sikkim Football Association]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Governor's Gold Cup making a comeback with 16 teams |url=https://www.sikkimexpress.com/news-details/governors-gold-cup-making-a-comeback-with-16-teams |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=Sikkimexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-29 |title=Sikkim Football Association meeting addresses challenges ahead of All India Governors Gold Cup |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/sikkim/story/sikkim-football-association-meeting-addresses-challenges-ahead-of-all-india-governors-gold-cup-1099681-2024-09-29 |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=India Today NE |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
The tournament featured sixteen teams, including [[Indian Super League]] and [[I-League]] academies, [[I-League 2]], [[Indian State Leagues|State leagues]] and international invitees from [[Bhutan]], [[Malaysia]], [[Nepal]] and [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-28 |title=Governor's Gold Cup returns, Northeast United among teams to compete |url=https://thebridge.in/football/all-india-governors-gold-cup-returns-50387 |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=All lndia Governor's Gold Cup football tournament to be held in Gangtok from Nov 8-12 |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/sports/2024/10/28/spd8-spo-foot-governors-sikkim.html |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-02 |title=Governor's Gold Cup Returns in Grand Style with International Flair and Local Pride |url=https://voiceofsikkim.com/governors-gold-cup-returns-in-grand-style-with-international-flair-and-local-pride/ |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=The Voice Of Sikkim |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gold Cup back after 5-year gap: Sikkim to host soccer tourney with teams from India, abroad |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/gold-cup-back-after-5-year-gap-sikkim-to-host-soccer-tourney-with-teams-from-india-abroad/cid/2059282 |website=telegraphindia.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
The final was held between [[Gangtok Himalayan SC|Gangtok Himalayan]] and [[NorthEast United FC Reserves and Academy|NorthEast United]], in which NorthEast United won through penalties.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebridge.in/football/northeast-united-fc-win-governors-gold-cup-50777|title=NorthEast United FC win Governor's Gold Cup|work=The Bridge|date=24 November 2024|access-date=24 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124163452/https://thebridge.in/football/northeast-united-fc-win-governors-gold-cup-50777|archive-date=24 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sikkimexpress.com/news-details/northeast-united-fc-lifts-40th-governors-gold-cup|title=NORTHEAST UNITED FC LIFTS 40TH GOVERNOR'S GOLD CUP|date=24 November 2024|location=Gangtok|access-date=25 November 2024|work=The Sikkim Express|archive-date=25 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125075320/https://sikkimexpress.com/news-details/northeast-united-fc-lifts-40th-governors-gold-cup|first1=Jaswant|last1=Gautam}}</ref> Honorary Chief guest of the match were [[List of chief ministers of Sikkim|Chief Minister]] [[Prem Singh Tamang]] and [[List of governors of Sikkim|Governor]] [[Om Prakash Mathur]].<ref>https://thebridge.in/football/northeast-united-fc-win-governors-gold-cup-50777</ref><ref>https://voiceofsikkim.com/north-east-united-fc-clinches-victory-at-governors-gold-cup-final-in-sikkim/</ref><br />
<br />
There was also an exhibition match played on 23 November, with teams being Chief Minister XI and [[Gorkhaland Territorial Administration|GTA XI]]. Chief Minister Prem Singh Tamang was having [[pre-game ceremony|pre match sessions]] and giving youth a message to indulge in [[sports]].<ref>https://www.indiatodayne.in/sikkim/story/sikkim-hosts-exhibition-match-ahead-of-governors-gold-cup-finale-1125698-2024-11-23</ref><br />
<br />
== Teams ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! width="20%" |Pre-Qualifying<br />
! width="20%" |Pre-Quarter<br />
! width="20%" |Quarterfinals<br />
|-<br />
|{{ordered list|{{fbicon|IND}} [[Sikkim Police]]|{{fbicon|IND}} [[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat Milan Sangha]]|{{fbicon|IND}} [[Army Red (football team)|Army Red]]|{{fbicon|IND}} [[Khawzawl Vengthar FC|Khawzawl Vengthar]]|{{fbicon|IND}} [[Gorkhaland Territorial Administration|GTA XI]]|{{fbicon|IND}} [[Gangtok Himalayan SC|Gangtok Himalayan]]|{{fbicon|IND}} [[Punjab Police FC|Punjab Police]]|{{fbicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC Reserves and Academy|Chennaiyin]]<br />
}}<br />
|{{ordered list|{{fbicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC Reserves and Academy|Gokulam Kerala]]|{{fbicon|IND}} [[NorthEast United FC Reserves and Academy|NorthEast United]]|{{fbicon|IND}} [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]|{{fbicon|IND}} [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]<br />
| item1_value = 9<br />
}}<br />
|{{ordered list|{{fbicon|BHU}} [[Transport United FC|Transport United]]|{{fbicon|UAE}} [[Royal FC Dubai|Royal]]|{{fbicon|MYS}} [[Kelantan Darul Naim F.C.|Kelantan Darul Naim]]|{{fbicon|NEP}} [[Church Boys United]]<br />
| item1_value = 13<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Venue ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! width="20px" |[[Gangtok]]<br />
! rowspan="4" |{{Location map+|India Sikkim|width=240|float=center|caption=|places={{Location map~ |India Sikkim|lat=27.334131|long=88.611981|position=left|label=[[Gangtok]]}}}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{Center|[[Paljor Stadium]]}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{Center|Capacity: '''30,000'''}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Paljor Stadium, Gangtok.jpg|alt=Aerial view Sree Kanteerava Stadium|250x250px]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Matches ==<br />
{{hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])}}<br />
<br />
All international teams have been given a direct quarterfinal berth.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Transport United FC to Compete in the 40th Governor's Gold Cup - Transport United Football Club |url=https://transportunitedfc.com/transport-united-fc-to-compete-in-the-40th-governors-gold-cup/ |access-date=2024-11-03 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Bracket ===<br />
{{32TeamBracket|nowrap=y<br />
| byes = 2<br />
| compact = yes<br />
| RD1 = Pre-Qualifying<br />
| RD2 = Pre-Quarter<br />
| RD3 = Quarterfinals<br />
| RD4 = Semifinals<br />
| RD5 = Final<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed07 = <br />
| RD1-seed08 = <br />
| RD1-team07 = {{fbicon|IND}} '''[[Sikkim Police]]'''<br />
| RD1-team08 = {{fbicon|IND}} [[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat Milan Sangha]]<br />
| RD1-score07 = '''5'''<br />
| RD1-score08 = 0<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed11 = <br />
| RD1-seed12 = <br />
| RD1-team11 = {{fbicon|IND}} [[Army Red (football team)|Army Red]]<br />
| RD1-team12 = {{fbicon|IND}} '''[[Khawzawl Vengthar FC|Khawzawl Vengthar]]'''<br />
| RD1-score11 = 1<br />
| RD1-score12 = '''5'''<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed21 = <br />
| RD1-seed22 = <br />
| RD1-team21 = {{fbicon|IND}} [[Gorkhaland Territorial Administration|GTA XI]]<br />
| RD1-team22 = {{fbicon|IND}} '''[[Gangtok Himalayan SC|Gangtok Himalayan]]'''<br />
| RD1-score21 = 1<br />
| RD1-score22 = '''3'''<br />
<br />
| RD1-seed25 = <br />
| RD1-seed26 = <br />
| RD1-team25 = {{fbicon|IND}} [[Punjab Police FC|Punjab Police]]<br />
| RD1-team26 = {{fbicon|IND}} '''[[Chennaiyin FC Reserves and Academy|Chennaiyin]]'''<br />
| RD1-score25 = 1<br />
| RD1-score26 = '''3'''<br />
<br />
| RD2-team03 = {{fbicon|IND}} [[Sikkim Police]]<br />
| RD2-team04 = {{fbicon|IND}} '''[[Gokulam Kerala FC Reserves and Academy|Gokulam Kerala]]'''<br />
| RD2-score03 = 3<br />
| RD2-score04 = '''4'''<br />
<br />
| RD2-team05 = {{fbicon|IND}} [[Khawzawl Vengthar FC|Khawzawl Vengthar]]<br />
| RD2-team06 = {{fbicon|IND}} '''[[NorthEast United FC Reserves and Academy|NorthEast United]]'''<br />
| RD2-score05 = 1<br />
| RD2-score06 = '''3'''<br />
<br />
| RD2-team11 = {{fbicon|IND}} '''[[Gangtok Himalayan SC|Gangtok Himalayan]]{{pen}}'''<br />
| RD2-team12 = {{fbicon|IND}} [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]<br />
| RD2-score11 = '''1 (4)'''<br />
| RD2-score12 = 1 (3)<br />
<br />
| RD2-team13 = {{fbicon|IND}} '''[[Chennaiyin FC Reserves and Academy|Chennaiyin]]'''<br />
| RD2-team14 = {{fbicon|IND}} [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]<br />
| RD2-score13 = '''1'''<br />
| RD2-score14 = 0<br />
<br />
| RD3-team01 = {{fbicon|IND}} '''[[Gokulam Kerala FC Reserves and Academy|Gokulam Kerala]]'''<br />
| RD3-team02 = {{fbicon|BHU}} [[Transport United FC|Transport United]]<br />
| RD3-score01 = '''2'''<br />
| RD3-score02 = 1<br />
<br />
| RD3-team03 ={{fbicon|IND}} '''[[NorthEast United FC Reserves and Academy|NorthEast United]]'''<br />
| RD3-team04 = {{fbicon|UAE}} [[Royal FC Dubai|Royal]]<br />
| RD3-score03 = '''6'''<br />
| RD3-score04 = 1<br />
<br />
| RD3-team05 = {{fbicon|IND}} '''[[Gangtok Himalayan SC|Gangtok Himalayan]]'''<br />
| RD3-team06 = {{fbicon|MYS}} [[Kelantan Darul Naim F.C.|Kelantan Darul Naim]]<br />
| RD3-score05 = '''3'''<br />
| RD3-score06 = 0<br />
<br />
| RD3-team07 = {{fbicon|IND}} '''[[Chennaiyin FC Reserves and Academy|Chennaiyin]]'''<br />
| RD3-team08 = {{fbicon|NEP}} [[Church Boys United]]<br />
| RD3-score07 = '''1'''<br />
| RD3-score08 = 0<br />
<br />
| RD4-team01 = {{fbicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC Reserves and Academy|Gokulam Kerala]]<br />
| RD4-team02 = '''{{fbicon|IND}} [[NorthEast United FC Reserves and Academy|NorthEast United]]'''<br />
| RD4-score01 = 0<br />
| RD4-score02 = '''2'''<br />
<br />
| RD4-team03 = {{fbicon|IND}} '''[[Gangtok Himalayan SC|Gangtok Himalayan]]'''<br />
| RD4-team04 = {{fbicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC Reserves and Academy|Chennaiyin]]<br />
| RD4-score03 ='''2''' <br />
| RD4-score04 =1<br />
<br />
| RD5-team01 = {{fbicon|IND}} '''[[NorthEast United FC Reserves and Academy|NorthEast United]] {{pen}}'''<br />
| RD5-team02 = {{fbicon|IND}} [[Gangtok Himalayan SC|Gangtok Himalayan]]<br />
| RD5-score01 = ''' 0 (4)'''<br />
| RD5-score02 = 0 (3)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Pre-Quarter ===<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date={{start date|2024|11|12|df=y}}<br />
|time=14:00<br />
|team1=[[Sikkim Police]] {{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|score=3–4<br />
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC Reserves and Academy|Gokulam Kerala]]<br />
|report=<br />
|goals1=<br />
|goals2=<br />
|stadium=[[Paljor Stadium]]<br />
|location=[[Gangtok]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|referee=<br />
|potm=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date={{start date|2024|11|13|df=y}}<br />
|time=14:00<br />
|team1=[[Gangtok Himalayan SC|Gangtok Himalayan]] {{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|score=1–1<br />
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]<br />
|report=<br />
|goals1=<br />
|goals2=<br />
|stadium=[[Paljor Stadium]]<br />
|location=[[Gangtok]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|referee=<br />
|potm=<br />
|penaltyscore=4–3<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date={{start date|2024|11|14|df=y}}<br />
|time=14:00<br />
|team1=[[Khawzawl Vengthar FC|Khawzawl Vengthar]] {{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|score=1–3<br />
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[NorthEast United FC Reserves and Academy|NorthEast United]]<br />
|report=<br />
|goals1=<br />
|goals2=<br />
|stadium=[[Paljor Stadium]]<br />
|location=[[Gangtok]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|referee=<br />
|potm=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date={{start date|2024|11|15|df=y}}<br />
|time=14:00<br />
|team1=[[Chennaiyin FC Reserves and Academy|Chennaiyin]] {{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|score=1–0<br />
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]<br />
|report=<br />
|goals1=<br />
|goals2=<br />
|stadium=[[Paljor Stadium]]<br />
|location=[[Gangtok]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|referee=<br />
|potm=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Quarter-finals ===<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date={{start date|2024|11|16|df=y}}<br />
|time=14:00<br />
|team1=[[Gokulam Kerala FC Reserves and Academy|Gokulam Kerala]] {{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|score=2–1<br />
|team2={{flagicon|BHU}} [[Transport United FC|Transport United]]<br />
|report=<br />
|goals1=<br />
|goals2=<br />
|stadium=[[Paljor Stadium]]<br />
|location=[[Gangtok]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|referee=<br />
|potm=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date={{start date|2024|11|17|df=y}}<br />
|time=14:00<br />
|team1=[[Gangtok Himalayan SC|Gangtok Himalayan]] {{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|score=3–0<br />
|team2={{flagicon|MYS}} [[Kelantan Darul Naim F.C.|Kelantan Darul Naim]]<br />
|report=<br />
|goals1=<br />
|goals2=<br />
|stadium=[[Paljor Stadium]]<br />
|location=[[Gangtok]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|referee=<br />
|potm=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date={{start date|2024|11|18|df=y}}<br />
|time=14:00<br />
|team1=[[NorthEast United FC Reserves and Academy|NorthEast United]] {{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|score=6–1<br />
|team2={{flagicon|UAE}} [[Royal FC Dubai|Royal]]<br />
|report=<br />
|goals1=<br />
|goals2=<br />
|stadium=[[Paljor Stadium]]<br />
|location=[[Gangtok]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|referee=<br />
|potm=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date={{start date|2024|11|19|df=y}}<br />
|time=17:30<br />
|team1=[[Chennaiyin FC Reserves and Academy|Chennaiyin]] {{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|score=1–0<br />
|team2={{flagicon|NEP}} [[Church Boys United]]<br />
|report=<br />
|goals1=<br />
|goals2=<br />
|stadium=[[Paljor Stadium]]<br />
|location=[[Gangtok]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|referee=<br />
|potm=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Semi-finals ===<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date={{start date|2024|11|20|df=y}}<br />
|time=17:30<br />
|team1=[[Gokulam Kerala FC Reserves and Academy|Gokulam Kerala]] {{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|score=0–2<br />
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[NorthEast United FC Reserves and Academy|NorthEast United]]<br />
|report=<br />
|goals1=<br />
|goals2=<br />
|stadium=[[Paljor Stadium]]<br />
|location=[[Gangtok]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|referee=<br />
|potm=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date={{start date|2024|11|21|df=y}}<br />
|time=17:30<br />
|team1=[[Gangtok Himalayan SC|Gangtok Himalayan]] {{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|score=2–1<br />
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC Reserves and Academy|Chennaiyin]]<br />
|report=<br />
|goals1=<br />
|goals2=<br />
|stadium=[[Paljor Stadium]]<br />
|location=[[Gangtok]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|referee=<br />
|potm=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Final ===<br />
{{footballbox collapsible<br />
|date={{start date|2024|11|24|df=y}}<br />
|time=14:30<br />
|team1=[[NorthEast United FC Reserves and Academy|NorthEast United]] {{fbicon|IND}}<br />
|score= 0–0<br />
|team2={{fbicon|IND}} [[Gangtok Himalayan SC|Gangtok Himalayan]]<br />
|report=<br />
|goals1=<br />
|goals2=<br />
|stadium=[[Paljor Stadium]]<br />
|location=[[Gangtok]]<br />
|attendance=<br />
|referee=<br />
|potm=<br />
|penaltyscore=4–3<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sikkim Gold Cup]]<br />
[[Category:2024–25 in Indian football]]<br />
[[Category:November 2024 sports events in India]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dushyanta&diff=462897Dushyanta2025-11-11T13:14:57Z<p>Pureganics: fixed issues</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox deity<br />
| type = Hindu<br />
| name = Dushyanta<br />
| image = King Dushyanta proposing marriage with a ring to Shakuntala. Wellcome V0045115.jpg<br />
| caption = King Dushyanta proposing marriage with a ring to Shakuntala. Chromolithograph by R. Varma.<br />
| children = [[Bharata (Mahabharata)|Bharata]] from Shakuntala<br />
| siblings = Sushmanta/Sura, Pravira/ Bhima, Anagha/Pravasu, and Vasu<br />
| spouse = <br />
[[Shakuntala]]<br />
| texts = [[Mahabharata]]<br />
| father = Ilin/Santurodha<br />
| mother = Rathantari/Upadanavi<br />
| dynasty = [[Chandravamsha]]<br />
}}{{short description|Legendary king in Hinduism}}<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}<br />
<br />
'''Dushyanta''' ({{langx|sa|दुष्यन्त}}, {{IAST3|Duṣyanta}}) is a king of the [[Lunar dynasty|Chandravamsha]] (Lunar) dynasty featured in [[Hindu texts|Hindu literature]]. He is the husband of [[Shakuntala]] and the father of [[Bharata (Mahabharata)|Bharata]]. He appears in the [[Mahabharata]] and in [[Kalidasa]]'s play, [[Shakuntala (play)|Abhijnanashakuntalam]] ({{circa|300 CE}}).<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2012-06-29 |title=Dushyanta, Duṣyanta: 11 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/dushyanta |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legend==<br />
According to the ''[[Mahābhārata|Mahabharata]]'', Dushyanta is the son of Ilin and Rathantī, also rendered Ilina and Rathantara, respectively.<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01095.htm Mahabharata, Adi Parva, Sambhava Parva]</ref> According to [[primogeniture]], Dushyanta succeeds his father as the king of Hastinapura, because he is the eldest among his siblings Sura, Bhima, Pravashu, and Vasu.<br />
<br />
=== Mahabharata ===<br />
[[File:Sakuntala with two females surprised by King Dushyanta. Chro Wellcome V0045072.jpg|thumb|Dushyanta meets Shakuntala and her two companions.]]<br />
The [[Mahabharata]] narrates that Dushyanta once set out on a hunt and arrived at a forest, where he entered the hermitage of sage [[Kanva]] near the Malini River. There, he met [[Shakuntala]], Kanva’s foster daughter, who welcomed him in her father’s absence. Enchanted by her beauty, Dushyanta inquired about her lineage, and she recounted her birth from [[Vishvamitra]] and [[Menaka]]. He fell in love with her and, following [[Gandharva marriage]], wedded her, agreeing that their son would inherit the throne. After Shakuntala conceived, Dushyanta promised to take her to his palace and departed.<br />
<br />
Kanva returned and, perceiving events through divine insight, blessed Shakuntala with a son destined to rule the world. She gave birth to Sarvadamana, whom Kanva raised. At six, he was sent with Shakuntala to [[Hastinapura]]. When they arrived, Dushyanta denied their marriage and refuses to acknowledge them as his kin. A heated argument ensued until a celestial voice confirmed the union and declared that Sarvadamana, later named Bharata, would become a great ruler.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-01-28 |title=Story of Bharadvāja |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241462.html |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> Bharata ruled for 27,000 years, and therefore, the kingdom that he inherited and expanded came to be known as Bhārata, named after him.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-01-28 |title=Story of Bharata |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241463.html |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Abhijnana-shakuntalam ===<br />
{{Hindu mythology}}<br />
During the summer, King Dushyanta pursued an antelope in the forest, when he was confronted by an [[Rishi|ascetic]]. The ascetic told him that the creature belonged to the ashrama of Kanva, and he was not to violate the sanctity of the land by slaying it. Dushyanta agreed to not kill the antelope, and was encouraged to visit the ashrama. He was told that he would be welcomed by Shakuntala, Kanva's adopted daughter, due to the sage's absence. Upon entering the ashrama, he came across three exquisite girls watering the plants, and became infatuated with Shakuntala, who was one among the trio. After a conversation with the bevy, he learnt that the true parents of Shakuntala were [[Vishvamitra]] and [[Menaka]], which made Shakuntala a suitable bride for him due to her warrior parentage. Dushyanta, however, chose not to reveal his identity. The company broke up due to hearing that an elephant was running amok, and Shakuntala grew enamoured of the visitor. The king directed his general to stop the chaos and instruct his men to stay away from the ashrama. He confessed his feelings to his companion and jester Vidushaka, urging him to think of a pretext to stay in the ashrama without arousing suspicion. Fortunately, a few ascetics approached him soon to request him to safeguard their [[yajna]], which he readily accepted. He sent Vidushaka to his capital, and fearing that his friend would be a tattletale, he lied, stating that his feelings for Shakuntala were but a joke. For a time, he watched over the ascetics' yajna. Shankuntala soon confessed her feelings for Dushyanta, and the two were married according to gandharva rites. The king left for the capital, and promised his wife that he would send a suitable guard to escort her to his palace.<ref>{{Cite book |last=SrinagarAshram |url=http://archive.org/details/AbhijnanaShakuntalamOfKalidasaMRKale |title=Abhijnana Shakuntalam Of Kalidasa M R Kale |pages=39-40}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/ZnDy_abhigyan-shakuntalam-of-kalidas-with-r.-d.-karmarkar-chaukhamba-sanskrit-pratishthan-delhi |title=Abhigyan Shakuntalam Of Kalidas With R. D. Karmarkar Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan Delhi |pages=xii-xiii}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In her solitude, Shakuntala was absorbed in thoughts of her husband, due to which she failed to offer the appropriate hospitality to the short-tempered sage, [[Durvasa]]. Durvasa cursed her, stating that the man she was thinking of to such an extent that he had been neglected would never remember her. One of Shakuntala's friends, [[Anasuya]], offered an explanation of her friend's absent-mindedness, and sought forgiveness from the sage. Duravasa agreed to offer a concession of the curse, stating that the man would remember her upon the presentation of a token of recognition. Shakuntala's companions did not reveal this curse to her, reasoning that it did not matter; Shakuntala did, after all, have such a token of recognition, so her husband would no doubt recall her. Kanva returned to his ashrama, and offered his consent for the marriage. The curse took effect, and Dushyanta lost all memory of Shakuntala. When Shakuntala started to show signs of pregnancy, Kanva decided to send her to her lawful husband, explaining to her the duties of a wife and a daughter-in-law. Upon reaching the king's palace, Dushyanta failed to recognise Shakuntala, and merely expressed his incredulity when the accompanying sages urged him to accept her as his queen. Shakuntala searched for the ring that the king had presented her during their parting, but realised that it had been lost during the journey. While leaving the hall, the anguished Shakuntala is carried off by an [[Menaka|apsara]]. After a while, the ring that Shakuntala had dropped in a pool of water was discovered by a fisherman inside a fish, which was produced before Dushyanta following accusations of theft. Durvasa's curse was broken upon the king seeing the ring, and his memory of his wife was restored. Helpless and repentant of his actions, Dushyanta dwelt on his childlessness, which caused him to faint. [[Mātali|Matali]], [[Indra|Indra's]] charioteer, arrived to Dushyanta's court, seeking his assistance in the war of the [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]] against the [[Asura|asuras]]. Dushyanta agreed to participate, viewing it as a welcome diversion.<ref>{{Cite book |last=SrinagarAshram |url=http://archive.org/details/AbhijnanaShakuntalamOfKalidasaMRKale |title=Abhijnana Shakuntalam Of Kalidasa M R Kale |pages=42}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/ZnDy_abhigyan-shakuntalam-of-kalidas-with-r.-d.-karmarkar-chaukhamba-sanskrit-pratishthan-delhi |title=Abhigyan Shakuntalam Of Kalidas With R. D. Karmarkar Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan Delhi |pages=xiv-xv}}</ref> [[File:Raja Ravi Varma - Mahabharata - Bharata.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Bharata (Mahabharata)|Bharata]] (Sarvadamana), the son of Dushyanta and [[Shakuntala]]. Painting by [[Raja Ravi Varma]].]]Dushyanta was successful in his war, and was honoured by Indra following their triumph. Matali escorted the king back to earth upon his [[vimana]], and the two alighted upon the ashrama of Sage [[Kashyapa]] ([[Marichi|Maricha]] in other accounts) to pay their respects. While the charioteer visited the sage, the king came across a boy who was the spitting image of himself, playing with a lion cub. He soon learnt that the boy, Bharata, belonged to the race of [[Puru and Yadu Dynasties|Puru]], and was the son of Shakuntala. Shakuntala appeared, and the couple soon reconciled. Kashyapa explained the nature of the curse to Dushyanta, and assured him that the loss of his memory of his wife was not his fault. He pronounced his blessings on the couple. Together, the couple and their son returned to Hastinapura, and led a happy life.<ref>{{Cite book |last=SrinagarAshram |url=http://archive.org/details/AbhijnanaShakuntalamOfKalidasaMRKale |title=Abhijnana Shakuntalam Of Kalidasa M R Kale |pages=42-43}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/ZnDy_abhigyan-shakuntalam-of-kalidas-with-r.-d.-karmarkar-chaukhamba-sanskrit-pratishthan-delhi |title=Abhigyan Shakuntalam Of Kalidas With R. D. Karmarkar Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan Delhi |pages=xv-xvi}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
==External links==<br />
*[[iarchive:AbhijnanaShakuntalamOfKalidasaMRKale/page/n49/mode/2up|Abhijnana Shakuntalam of Kalidasa]]<br />
*[[iarchive:ZnDy_abhigyan-shakuntalam-of-kalidas-with-r.-d.-karmarkar-chaukhamba-sanskrit-pratishthan-delhi/page/n11/mode/2up|Abhigyan Shakuntalam]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]<br />
[[Category:Kings in Indian mythology]]<br />
[[Category:Lunar dynasty]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nandi_Awards_of_1982&diff=520328Nandi Awards of 19822025-10-31T07:54:52Z<p>Pureganics: Done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Telugu film and TV awards ceremony}}<br />
{{one source|date=July 2021}}<br />
{{Nandi Awards}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}<br />
<br />
Nandi Awards presented annually by Government of Andhra Pradesh. First awarded in 1964.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}<br />
<br />
== 1982 Nandi Awards Winners List ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Category<ref>{{cite web|date=|title=Nandi Award winners 1964-2008|url=https://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|accessdate=14 July 2021}}</ref><br />
!Winner<br />
!Film<br />
|-<br />
|[[List of winners of the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]]<br />
|[[Dasari Narayana Rao]]<br />
|[[Meghasandesam]]<br />
|-<br />
|Second Best Feature Film<br />
|[[Vejella Satyanarayana]]<br />
|[[Maro Malupu]]<br />
|-<br />
|Third Best Feature Film<br />
|[[U. Visweswar Rao|U.Visweswara Rao]]<br />
|Keerthi Kantha Kanakam<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Nandi Awards]]<br />
[[Category:1982 awards]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dandupalya&diff=453605Dandupalya2025-10-05T07:04:51Z<p>Pureganics: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Village in Karnataka, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{About||the 2012 film|Dandupalya (film)|the film series|Dandupalya (franchise)}}<br />
{{rewrite|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Dandupalya<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = village<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = <!--India Karnataka--><br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[Taluk]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hoskote]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = <br />
| population_as_of = <br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --><br />
| postal_code = <br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dandupalya''' is a village in the [[taluk]] of [[Hoskote]] in the [[Bangalore Rural district]] of [[Karnataka]], India. It lies near the Old Madras Road, [[National Highway 4 (India, old numbering)|National Highway 4]], about 5 kilometers from the town of Hoskote and an hour's drive from [[Bangalore]].<br />
<br />
==Dandupalya gang==<br />
It has become notorious for the activities of the Dandupalya gang which between about 1996 and 2001 committed murders, rapes, and robberies. The gang numbered about 30 men and women, some of whom lived in Dandupalya. They are thought to have killed more than 80 people. Sixteen death sentences and four sentences of life imprisonment have been given to members of the gang, while others have received shorter prison sentences.<ref name=shoba>V Shoba (18 March 2012). [http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/dandupalyaa-name-that-stuck/925070/0 Dandupalya – A name that stuck]. ''The Indian Express''. Accessed February 2014.</ref><ref>Chakrabarty, A.R. 2014. "DANDUPALYA: THE REALITY CHECK ON MODERN CRIME". ''European Scientific Journal'' (ESJ) 10, 7 (Mar. 2014).</ref><br />
<br />
The main Dandupalya gang members belonged to a [[Kannada]]-speaking community whose ancestors had migrated from the [[Karnataka]]-[[Andhra Pradesh|Andhra]] border area during the pre-independence era, around 1930. The Dandupalya gang come from line of [[Dacoity|dacoits]] starting with their great grandparents committing murders and dacoity. The childhood of Danduplaya gang members was stricken with hunger and bone biting poverty which led to the "dog eat dog" survival instinct. The gang when finally apprehended by the police would take in a surprising amount of physical torture but would break down and confess to their crimes only when lured with food, especially [[pork]].<ref name=shoba /><br />
<br />
In 2012 a [[Kannada cinema|Kannada film]], ''[[Dandupalya (film)|Dandupalya]]'', was made about the activities of the gang and launched a subsequent [[Dandupalya (franchise)|franchise]].<ref name=shoba /><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Bangalore Rural district]]<br />
{{coord|13|04|N|77|49|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}{{BangaloreRural-geo-stub}}</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=India_Habitat_Centre&diff=459964India Habitat Centre2025-09-29T12:44:30Z<p>Pureganics: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox building<br />
| name = India Habitat Centre<br />
| native_name = Bharat Paryavas Kendra<br />
| native_name_lang = Hindi<br />
| image = India Habitat centre - panoramio.jpg<br />
| image_size = 300px<br />
| location = [[Lodhi Road, New Delhi]], India<br />
| location_country = India<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|28.5897|N|77.2249|E|region:IN-DL_type:landmark_scale:50|display=inline,title}}<br />
| architect = [[Joseph Allen Stein]]<br />
| parking = Available<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''India Habitat Centre''' is a multipurpose building in the city of [[New Delhi]], India. It was the brain child of the [[Housing and Urban Development Corporation]] (HUDCO) Chairman, Santosh Sharma. It includes the Stein Auditorium.<ref>https://indiahabitat.org/Conferences</ref><br />
<br />
The India Habitat Centre is one of India's most comprehensive [[convention center]]s that is aimed at bringing individuals and institutions working in diverse habitat and environment related areas together.<br />
<br />
Divided into five blocks which are connected with aerial walkaways, IHC can conduct up to 20 concurrent sessions from socio-cultural events and exhibitions to business and economic events.<ref>{{Cite web|last=coveringindia.com|title=India Habitat Center|url=https://www.coveringindia.com/attraction/india-habitat-center|access-date=2020-12-14|website=CoveringIndia|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Habitat Center, New Delhi|url=https://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/indian-habitat-center-new-delhi/|access-date=2020-12-14|website=Archinomy|language=en-US}}</ref> It has a Visual Art Gallery, Library and Resource Center, Learning Center, Amphitheater, Conference & Banquet Halls and Restaurants.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Centre|first=India Habitat|title=IHC {{!}} India Habitat Centre - Home|url=https://www.indiahabitat.org/|access-date=2018-06-15|website=www.indiahabitat.org|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History and design==<br />
The India Habitat Centre was started in 1993. The public agency for the [[Housing and Urban Development Corporation]] (HUDCO) wanted an office building for its workers and made the unprecedented decision to invite chosen [[nonprofit organization]]s that shared their concern with [[Human#Habitat and population|habitat]] to share that work space.<br />
<br />
The chairman of HUDCO Santosh Sharma and the architect [[Joseph Allen Stein]] decided to radically change the traditional image of an office building as an architectural project and transformed it into an urban design project. The space was designed to permit the members of the centre to share services both inside and outside the building with multiple courtyards, common meeting rooms, shared parking area, library, restaurants, museum, and hotels, some of which are open to the general public. Constructed on nine acres in an urban area, the building eschewed traditional building materials and techniques.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archnet.org/authorities/412/sites/1378|title=Joseph Allen Stein {{!}} India Habitat Center {{!}} Archnet|website=archnet.org|access-date=2018-06-17}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Events and exhibitions ==<br />
[[File:Nirbhaya Samaroh 2.jpg|thumb|A group choreography at 2016 Nirbhaya Samaroh held on 9 April at India Habitat Centre, New Delhi]]<br />
[[File:HeritageDurbar-PushpeshPant.jpg|thumb|Heritage Talk at India Habitat Centre with Dr. Pushpesh Pant on History of Delhi through its foods organized by Youth for Heritage Foundation]]<br />
[[File:Times LitFest 2017.jpg|thumb|Day 2 of Times Litfest Delhi 2017, held at the India Habitat Centre, in New Delhi, 26 November 2017.]]<br />
Numerous events are held in the premises of the India Habitat Center.<ref name=litfest/> Various workshops are also conducted such as art, dance and film workshops. Photography exhibitions and talk are a popular feature in the center. Film screenings are also conducted such as those by Kriti Film Club which are open to for public.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiahabitat.org/programmes/|title=India Habitat Centre - Calendar of Events|last=Centre|first=India Habitat|website=indiahabitat.org|language=en|access-date=2018-06-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiahabitat.org/pages?view=habitatfilmclub|title=India Habitat Centre - Habitat Film Club|last=Centre|first=India Habitat|website=www.indiahabitat.org|language=en|access-date=2018-06-17}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2009, the India Habitat Centre co-hosted the inaugural Habitat Summit with Mirabilis Advisory and Urban Habitats Forum, a professional civil society initiative which aims "to serve as a multi-disciplinary public awareness and educational platform". Held in September, the event showcased community-oriented urban renewal projects.<ref>{{cite web | title=Inaugural Habitat Summit | website=habitatsummit.org | date=13 September 2019 | url=http://www.habitatsummit.org/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913212623/http://www.habitatsummit.org/ | archive-date=13 September 2019 | url-status=dead | access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 2020, IHC hosted a seven-day art exhibition ''Sculpt for Delhi III'', presented by Delhi Art Society and organised by sculpture artist [[Neeraj Gupta]]. The exhibition featured works of 20 sculptors from across India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Delhi Art Society presents Sculpt for Delhi III |url=https://www.architectandinteriorsindia.com/7364-delhi-art-society-presents-sculpt-for-delhi-iii |website=ArchitectandinteriorsIndia |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Out in the Open |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/art-exhibition-delhi-farhat-jamshed-6266954/ |work=The Indian Express |date=14 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IHC>{{cite web |title=India Habitat Centre - Visual Arts Gallery |url=https://www.indiahabitat.org/vag |website=www.indiahabitat.org}}</ref> In November 14th to 15th the national level of the Young Indian parliament will be conducted.<ref>https://yischoolhub.org/events/young-indians-parliament/nationals-selection-list/</ref><br />
<br />
===Recurrent events===<br />
<!---various redirects for events target this section. Do not change header without changing redirects.---><br />
IHC hosted and organised the [[Delhi Photo Festival]] held every two years from 2011<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main50.asp?filename=hu011011New.asp|title=The New Intimate|volume=8|issue=39|date=1 October 2011|publisher=Tehelka|access-date=2013-09-21|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061200/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main50.asp?filename=hu011011New.asp| archive-date=21 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/making-the-frame/article4569291.ece|title=Making the Frame|last=Khurana|first=Tushar|publisher=The Hindu|access-date=2013-09-18}}</ref> to 2015. The partnership between India Habitat Centre (IHC) and Nazar Foundation (parent body of Delhi Photo Festival) was dissolved in early 2015 and Delhi Photo Festival 2015 was held at [[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]] (IGNCA).{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}<br />
<br />
The two-day fifth edition of '''Times LitFest''' is a major [[literary festival]], organised by ''[[The Times of India]]'' and Rajnigandha, was held at the centre in 2019.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://lbb.in/delhi/get-your-dose-of-literature-at-timeslitfest2019/| title=Get Your Dose of Literature With Some of India’s Best Authors At Times LitFest 2019!| website=LLB}}</ref><ref name=litfest>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/litfest/litfest-2017/photos/times-litfest-delhi-2017-day-2/litfest_photoshow/61791534.cms|title=Times Litfest Delhi 2017: Day 2|website=The Times of India|access-date=2018-06-17}}</ref><ref name="The Times of India 2018">{{cite web | title=Times LitFest Delhi: You're booked for a date with books at Times Litfest Delhi | website=The Times of India | date=24 November 2018 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/youre-booked-for-a-date-with-books-at-times-litfest-delhi/articleshow/66779177.cms | access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref> {{as of|2021}} the festival's director is Vinita Dawra Nangia.<ref>{{cite web | title=About the festival - Times LitFest Delhi 2019 - Delhi Literature Festival 2019 | website=[[The Times of India]] | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/timeslitfest/delhi/about-us | access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
The '''Old World Theatre Festival''', Delhi's oldest [[theatre festival]], is held annually by the arts organisation Old World Culture<ref>{{cite web | title=About us | website=Old World Culture | url=http://oldworldhospitality.com/oldworldculture/about-us.php | access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref> at IHC. The 18th edition was held in 2019.<ref>{{cite web | title=Delhi s oldest theatre festival Old World Theatre Festival returns for its 18th edition | website=Everything Experiential | url= http://everythingexperiential.businessworld.in/article/Delhi-s-oldest-theatre-festival-OLD-WORLD-THEATRE-FESTIVAL-returns-for-its-18th-edition/08-08-2019-174570 | access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=17th edition of Old World Theatre festival to focus on next generation of Indian theatre | website=Business Standard News | date=9 October 2018 | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/17th-edition-of-old-world-theatre-festival-to-focus-on-next-generation-of-indian-theatre-118100900587_1.html | access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Gallery ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:India Habitat Center, New Delhi.jpg<br />
File:Visual art by auto mix and match at India Habitat Centre Delhi.jpg<br />
File:India Habitat Centre 16082015 01.jpg<br />
File:India Habitat Centre 16082015 02.jpg<br />
File:India Habitat Centre reduced 2.JPG<br />
File:Atrium of India Habitat Center at Gate 3 entrance.jpg<br />
File:Central courtyard of India Habitat Centre, solar panelled roof seen above.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Delhi Gymkhana]]<br />
*[[India International Centre]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* [https://www.indiahabitat.org/ Official website]<br />
* [http://www.habitatworld.com/ Habitat World]<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1993 establishments in Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Culture of Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1993]]<br />
[[Category:Event venues established in 1993]]<br />
[[Category:Convention centres in India]]<br />
[[Category:Cultural centres in India]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaalabairavan&diff=507185Kaalabairavan2025-08-28T07:35:55Z<p>Pureganics: made info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Tamil soap opera television series}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=July 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| native_name = காலபைரவன்<br />
| image = Kaalabairavan jaya tv serial.png<br />
| alt_name =<br />
| genre = Soap opera <br />
| creator = <br />
| based_on = <br />
| writer = [[Rajiv Priyan]]<br />
| screenplay = <br />
| creative_director = <br />
| director = [[Rajiv Priyan]]<br />
| starring = [[Sanghavi]] <br> Ragavan <br> [[Roopa Sree]] <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
| num_seasons = 1<br />
| num_episodes = 177<br />
| list_episodes =<br />
| producer = K.A.K Asath<br />
| company = Jesm's Creations<br />
| theme_music_composer = <br />
| opentheme =<br />
| cinematography = <br />
| editor = <br />
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br />
| runtime = approx. 20-22 minutes per episode <br> (Monday - Friday 6:30PM)<br />
| channel = [[Jaya TV]]<br />
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2013|12|9}}<br />
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2014|8|25}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Contains special characters|Tamil}}<br />
<br />
'''Kaalabairavan''' ({{langx|ta|காலபைரவன்}}) is an Indian Tamil-language soap opera that aired Monday through Friday on [[Jaya TV]] from 9 December 2013 to 25 August 2014 6:30PM [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] for 177 episodes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamil.filmibeat.com/television/kalabairavan-new-serial-on-jaya-tv-190011.html| title= ஜெயா டிவியில் காலபைரவனின் கதை| publisher= tamil.filmibeat.com| date=21 December 2013}}</ref> The show starred [[Sanghavi]], Ragavan and [[Roopa Sree]] among others. It was written and directed by [[Rajiv Priyan]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{official website|http://jayatvnetwork.com/default.aspx}} <br />
*[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCK-VqZSMAUhgkMnZADVBGaA Jaya TV on Youtube]<br />
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lth-KWlYb9A&list=PLPIBuNw9dc5CpzBDxsNOjP3nULnfuiMd-&index=24 Kaalabairavan on Youtube]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jaya TV television series]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language thriller television series]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language police television series]]<br />
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language television series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]<br />
[[Category:2014 Tamil-language television series endings]]<br />
[[Category:2010s Tamil-language television series]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kautuka&diff=509024Kautuka2025-08-19T12:04:18Z<p>Pureganics: made new post!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Ritual protection thread in Hinduism and Jainism}}<br />
[[File:Kalava Mauli Wikipedia.jpg|thumb|The thread of Mauli tied on right arm.]]<br />
[[File:Mauli or Kalava.jpg|thumb|right|A bundle of Mauli.]]<br />
A '''kautuka''' is a red-yellow coloured ritual protection thread, sometimes with knots, found on the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is sometimes called a ''kalava'', ''mauli'', ''mauli'', ''rakshasutra'',<ref name="A2010"/> ''pratisara'' (in North India), ''kaapu'', ''kayiru'', ''charandu'' or rakshadhara (in South India).<ref name="Yim2008p53"/><ref name=gonda145/><ref name=yuko1996p419/> A ''kautuka'' is a woven thread, cord or ribbon, states the Indologist [[Jan Gonda]], which is traditionally believed to be protective or [[Apotropaic magic|apotropaeic]].<ref name=gonda145/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
The earlier reference to ritual "red and black" colored thread with a dual function, one of driving away "fiends" and the other "binding of bonds" between the bride and the groom by one's relatives appears in hymn 10.85.28 of the ''[[Rigveda]]'' (c. 1500–1000 BCE), states Gonda.<ref name=gonda145/><ref>{{cite book|author=Jan Gonda|title=Sanskrit Word Studies|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vAFHPQAACAAJ| year=1975|publisher=Brill Academic|isbn=978-90-04-04231-5| page=313|language= German}}, Quote: "die Verwandten der Braut binden ihr mit RV 10,85,28 eine rote und schwarze, wollene oder linnene Schnur um: raktakrmam ävikam ksaumaw vä trimanirripratisaram jnätayo 'syä badhnanti nllalohitam iti"</ref><br />
<br />
The ''pratisara'' and ''kautuka'' in a ritual thread context appear in the [[Vedic text]] ''[[Atharvaveda]] [[Samhita]]'' (c. 1200–900 BCE) section 2.11.<ref name=gonda145/> <br />
<br />
==Ritualistic usage==<br />
<br />
===Description ===<br />
<br />
It is the woven thread in the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|pooja]] [[thali]]'' (prayer tray). It is typically colored a shade of red, sometimes orange, saffron, yellow or is a mixture of these colors.<ref name=gonda145/><ref>{{cite book|author=Ajay Mitra Shastri|title=India as seen in the Bṛhatsaṁhitā of Varāhamihira|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KQAbAAAAMAAJ| year=1969|publisher= Motilal Banarsidass|pages= 178–179|isbn=9780896842212}}</ref><ref name="A2010">{{cite book|author=Richard H. Davis|title=A Priest's Guide for the Great Festival: Aghoraśivācārya Mahotsavavidhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ruAfDP0OZyEC |year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-537852-8|pages=61–62, 67–68, 99–100 with footnotes 131 and 132}}</ref> However, it may also be white or wreathe or just stalks of a grass of the types found in other cultures and believed to offer similar [[Apotropaic magic|apotropaic]] value.<ref name=gonda145/> It is typically tied to the wrist or worn like a necklace, but occasionally it may be worn in conjunction with a headband or turban-like gear.<ref name=gonda145/> Similar threads are tied to various items and the neck of vessels during a Hindu puja ceremony.<ref>{{cite book|author=Shovana Narayan|title=Meandering Pastures of Memories| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bYBdK0algM8C|year=2007| publisher=Macmillan| isbn=978-1-4039-3102-3| page=33}}</ref> <br />
<br />
===Rite of passage or sacrificial rituals ===<br />
[[File:Hindu Bride, Ahmedabad, Gujarat.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.8|A Hindu Bride holding a ''kalasha''. A red colored ''kautuka'' is visible on the neck of the vessel.]]<br />
<br />
A ''pratisara'' or ''kautuka'' serves a ritual role in [[Hinduism]], and is tied by the priest or oldest family member on the wrist of a devotee, patron, loved one or around items such as ''kalasha'' or ''lota'' (vessel) for a rite-of-passage or [[yajna]] ritual.<ref name="Yim2008p53">{{cite book|author=Colleen M. Yim|title=Veiled Gurus: A Hindu Mother's Experiential Involvement in Religious Knowledge Transmission|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=xteudBGBIuoC| year=2008|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=978-0-7618-3775-6|pages=53–57, 64}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Ashis Nandy|title=Exiled at Home: Comprising, At the Edge of Psychology, The Intimate Enemy, Creating a Nationality|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SBVuAAAAMAAJ| year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-564177-6|page=126}}</ref> <br />
<br />
===Raksasutra ===<br />
<br />
The ''raksasutra'' (lit. ''protective thread'', also called ''kautuka'' or ''pratisara'') is also a part of festive ceremonies and processions, where the protective thread is tied to the wrist of festival icons and human participants. It is mentioned in verses 27.206-207 of the ''Ajitagama'', states the Indologist Richard Davis.<ref name="A2010"/> Some Hindu texts mention these threads to be a part of the ''rakshabandhana'' rite for a temple procession and festive celebrations, recommending woven gold, silver or cotton threads, with some texts specifying the number of threads in a ''kautuka''.<ref name="A2010"/><br />
<br />
The ritual thread is traditionally worn on the right wrist or arm by the males and on the left by the females. This thread also plays a role in certain familial and marital ceremonies. For example, a red or golden or similarly colored thread is offered by a sister to her brother at [[Raksha Bandhan]]. This thread, states the Indologist Jack Goody, is at once a "protection against misfortune for the brother, a symbol of mutual dependence between the sister and brother, and a mark of mutual respect".<ref name="Goody1990p223">{{cite book|author=Jack Goody|title=The Oriental, the Ancient and the Primitive: Systems of Marriage and the Family in the Pre-Industrial Societies of Eurasia|url=https://archive.org/details/orientalancientp0000good |url-access=registration|year=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-36761-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/orientalancientp0000good/page/222 222]–223}}</ref> In a Hindu marriage ceremony, this thread is referred to as ''kautuka'' in ancient Sanskrit texts.<ref name=gonda145>{{cite book|author=Jan Gonda<!--|authorlink=Jan Gonda-->|title=Handbuch Der Orientalistik: Vedic Rituals |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7UBxYpXWP30C&pg=PA145 |year=1980|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=978-90-04-06210-8|pages=145–146}}</ref> It is tied to both the bride and the groom, as well as household items such as grinding stone, clay pots and fertility symbols.<ref name="Yim2008p53"/> In South India, it is the priest who ties the ''kaapu'' (kautuka) on the groom's wrist, while the groom ties the colored thread on the bride's wrist as a part of the wedding rituals.<ref name=yuko1996p419>{{cite journal |author = Yuko Nishimura| year= 1996| journal= Anthropos| volume= 91|issue= Bd. 91, H. 4/6| pages= 411–423| title=South Indian Wedding Rituals. A Comparison of Gender Hierarchy| jstor= 40464498}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Religious symbolism ==<br />
<br />
===Hindu Vaishnavism===<br />
<br />
In regional [[Vaishnavism]] tradition of Hinduism such as those found in [[Maharashtra]], the red-colored thread symbolizes Vishnu for men, and Lakshmi for women, states the Indologist [[Gudrun Bühnemann]]. The string typically has no knots or fourteen knots and it is tied to the wrist of the worshipper or garlanded as a necklace. If worn by the wife, it is without knots and is identified with ''Lakshmi-doraka'' or Anantī. To the husband, the thread has knots and it symbolizes Ananta (Vishnu).<ref>{{cite book |author=Gudrun Bühnemann <!--|authorlink=Gudrun Bühnemann--> |title= Pūjā: A Study in Smārta Ritual |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=44bXAAAAMAAJ| year= 1988| publisher=Brill |isbn=978-3-900271-18-3 |pages=223–234}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Hindu Shaivism===<br />
<br />
The [[Shaivism]] tradition of Hinduism similarly deploys auspicious ''kautuka'' (''pratisara'') threads in puja and consecration rituals. For example, during temple construction and worship rituals, the ''shilpa'' Sanskrit texts recommend that the first bricks and the Shiva [[linga]] be ritually tied with red-, golden-, saffron- or similarly hued threads.<ref name="anna2007p69">{{cite book|author=Anna Aleksandra Ślączka|title=Temple Consecration Rituals in Ancient India: Text and Archaeology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9LznwzyNE18C&pg=PA69 |year=2007|publisher= BRILL Academic|isbn=978-90-04-15843-6|pages=69–70}}</ref> The Shaiva temple architecture texts generally use the term ''kautuka'' for this auspicious thread, while Vaishnava texts refer to it as ''pratisara''.<ref name="anna2007p69"/><br />
<br />
===Jainism===<br />
<br />
In [[Jainism]], protective threads with amulets are called ''raksapotli''. Typically red and worn of the wrist, they may sometimes come with a rolled up red fabric that has been blessed by a Jain mendicant using ''mantras'', according to the Indologist M. Whitney Kelting.<ref name="Kelting2009p45"/> If worn on the neck, states Kelting, the Jain tradition names the protective amulet after the Jain deity whose blessing is believed to be tied into the knot. The ritual significance of a protective thread between the sisters and brothers as well as during Jain weddings is similar to those in Hinduism.<ref name="Kelting2009p45">{{cite book|author=M. Whitney Kelting|title=Heroic Wives Rituals, Stories and the Virtues of Jain Wifehood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-txAd-dK0tEC&pg=PA190|year=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-973679-9|pages=45–47, 190 with notes 20, 21}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
<br />
* [[Hinduism]]<br />
** [[Upanayana]] or Janeu, sacred thread of Hindus used as rite of passage<br />
** [[Upakarma]], ritual for changing the worn out Upanayana<br />
** [[Sikha]], the sacred ponytail<br />
** [[Rishi]], saint<br />
** [[Tagadhari]], wearer of Upanayana<br />
<br />
* [[Judaism]]<br />
** [[Bar and Bat Mitzvah]], initiation ceremony<br />
** [[Red string (Kabbalah)]], protective red thread Jewish folk tradition<br />
<br />
* [[Zoroastrian]]ism<br />
** [[Navjote]], Zoroastrian initiation ceremony<br />
** [[Kushti]], the Zoroastrian sacred thread<br />
<br />
* Others<br />
** [[Izze-kloth]], the Apache Native American sacred cord<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Culture of India]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu rituals]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaidehi_(2013_TV_series)&diff=543322Vaidehi (2013 TV series)2025-07-19T00:56:14Z<p>Pureganics: Added new info initial version!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{More citations needed|date=May 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image = Vaidehi (Tamil TV series).png<br />
| genre = {{Plainlist|<br />
* Soap opera<br />
* Family<br />
* [[Romance film|Romance]]<br />
* Kids drama<br />
}}<br />
| creator =<br />
| writer = Balaji Tele Talks Team<br />
| screenplay = <br />
| creative_director = <br />
| director = Bashir <br> Meha V. Saikumar<br />
| starring = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]]<br />
* [[Neenu Karthika]]<br />
* [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]]<br />
* [[Srithika Saneesh|Srithika]]<br />
* Baby Jena<br />
* Gowasal<br />
}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
| num_seasons = 1<br />
| num_episodes = 109<br />
| list_episodes = <br />
| producer = <br />
| company = <br />
| theme_music_composer = Sagasa Paravai Shankar (Title Song)<br />
| opentheme = "Mannil Vantha Deivam"<br>Kavitha (Vocal)<br>[[Na. Muthukumar]] (Lyrics)<br />
| cinematography = <br />
| editor = <br />
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br />
| runtime = approx. 20-22 minutes per episode<br />
| channel = [[Jaya TV]]<br />
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2013|9|9}}<br />
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2014|2|14}} <br />
}}<br />
{{Contains special characters|Tamil}}<br />
<br />
'''''Vaidehi''''' is an Indian [[Tamil-language]] family drama and soap opera television series that aired Monday through Friday on [[Jaya TV]] from 9 September 2013 to 14 February 2014 for 109 episodes. It had been receiving the highest ratings of [[Tamil language|Tamil]] serials and received high praising from viewers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamil.chennaionline.com/cinema/news/newsitem.aspx?NEWSID=fbf3031f-f9c0-4b4e-813b-604f7cc98189&CATEGORYNAME=TFILM=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134343/http://tamil.chennaionline.com/cinema/news/newsitem.aspx?NEWSID=fbf3031f-f9c0-4b4e-813b-604f7cc98189&CATEGORYNAME=TFILM=|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2016| title= வைதேகி (தொலைக்காட்சித் தொடர்)| publisher= tamil.chennaionline.com | date=}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2021}}<br />
<br />
The show starred [[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]], [[Neenu Karthika]], Baby Jena, [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]], [[Srithika Saneesh|Srithika]], Gowasal and Sridhar among others. It was produced by Shankaran and Paranitharan, director by Bashir and Meha V. Saikumar.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
<br />
===Main cast===<br />
{{div col}}<br />
* [[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]]<br />
* [[Neenu Karthika]]<br />
* Baby Jena<br />
* [[Srithika Saneesh|Srithika]]<br />
* [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Additional cast===<br />
{{div col}}<br />
* Gowasal <br />
* Sridhar<br />
* Dev Aanath<br />
* Azhagu<br />
* Tamil<br />
* Shopnam<br />
* Sri Latha<br />
* Sudha<br />
* Durga<br />
* Sujatha<br />
* Baby Pushitha<br />
* Baby Anu Sri<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
==Title song==<br />
The theme song was written by lyricist [[Na. Muthukumar]].<br />
<br />
===Soundtrack===<br />
{{tracklist<br />
| headline = Tracklist<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Mannil Vantha Deivam"(மண்ணில் வந்த தெய்வம்) <br />
| lyrics1 = [[Na. Muthukumar]]<br />
| extra1 = Kavitha <br />
| length1 = 2:00<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Airing history ==<br />
The show started airing on [[Jaya TV]] on 9 September 2013 and ended on 14 February 2014.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://jayatvnetwork.com/default.aspx official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521072322/http://jayatvnetwork.com/default.aspx |date=21 May 2016 }} <br />
*[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLljM0HW-KjfqXS_3BEheYxT8_39MOb8kL Vaidehi Serial on Youtube]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jaya TV television series]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language children's television series]]<br />
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language television series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]<br />
[[Category:2014 Tamil-language television series endings]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vallachira_Madhavan&diff=543447Vallachira Madhavan2025-05-27T00:54:23Z<p>Pureganics: Added the stub basic info!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Kerala novelist born 1934}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}<br />
'''Vallachira Madhavan''' (17 May 1934 &ndash; 20 October 2013) was a [[Malayalam]] novelist and short story writer from [[Vallachira]] in [[Thrissur District]] of [[Kerala]] state of India.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url = http://www.dcbooks.com/novelist-vallachira-madhavan-passes-away.html<br />
|title = Novelist Vallachira Madhavan passes away<br />
|publisher = DCBooks<br />
|access-date = 2013-10-21<br />
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131226141053/http://www.dcbooks.com/novelist-vallachira-madhavan-passes-away.html<br />
|archive-date = 2013-12-26<br />
|url-status = dead<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=399934<br />
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021085440/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=399934<br />
|url-status=dead<br />
|archive-date=2013-10-21<br />
|title=Novelist Vallachira Madhavan no more<br />
|publisher=Mathrubhumi<br />
|access-date=2013-10-21}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhavan, Vallachira}}<br />
[[Category:1934 births]]<br />
[[Category:2013 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]<br />
[[Category:Malayalam-language novelists]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Thrissur district]]<br />
[[Category:Novelists from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]</div>Pureganicshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prasad_Sawkar&diff=526422Prasad Sawkar2025-05-26T10:33:45Z<p>Pureganics: Created a stub w/ infobox</p>
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<div>{{BLP primary sources|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox musical artist<br />
| name = Prasad Sawkar<br />
| image = The President, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting Padma Shri to renowned Marathi Artist Shri Prasad Sawkar, at investiture ceremony in New Delhi on March 29, 2006.jpg<br />
| caption = The President, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting Padma Shri to renowned Marathi Artist Shri Prasad Sawkar, at investiture ceremony in New Delhi on March 29, 2006<br />
| image_size = <br />
| alias = Prasad Sawkar<br />
| birth_name = Sambaprasad<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1928|12|14}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Baroda]], [[Gujarat]], India<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place =<br />
| instrument = <br />
| genre = Classical, semi-classical, devotional, musical theatre<br />
| occupation = Singer, composer, music teacher<br />
| years_active = <br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
Pandit '''Prasad Sawkar''' (born 14 December 1928) is an Indian [[vocalist]], and scholar of [[Indian classical music|Indian classical]], semi-classical, and devotional music. He received prestigious [[Padma Shri]] award in the year 2006 for his work in music and [[Sangeet Natak]]<br />
<br />
==Early life and background==<br />
Sambaprasad Raghuvir Sawkar was born in [[Baroda]], [[Gujarat]] in a family of musicians and actors hailing from Goa. His father, Raghuvir Sawkar, was a singer and actor who was famous for acting a ladies character in the play who was known as Rangdevta. He took his formal education in music and acting from his father. Later he came under the influence of great musicians such as Jitendra Abhisheki and Nivruttibuwa Sarnaik<ref>[https://marathivishwakosh.maharashtra.gov.in/khandas/khand19/index.php/component/content/article?id=10253 सावकार, प्रसाद]</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Sawkar acted as child artist in the play Jinjihun Sutka (जिंजीहून सुटका) as Bal [[Shivaji]] at the start of career in [[Marathi theatre]]. Later he went to his uncle Dattaram Sawkar for school education at Mhapsa who was also a harmonium player. Sawkar continued getting training of music over there. He played a role of 'Kruttika' in the play "Sanshay Kallol". He also made a record of by playing four characters in the same play namely Kruttika, Sadhu, Singer and Vaishakh Sheth. Later he played in Plays like Soubhadra, Mruchchakatik, Vidyharan, Manapman with "Kala Mandir" organization.<br />
<br />
Swakar played important roles with the organization "Natyniketan" in the plays like Rambha, Kulvadhu, Kone eke kali, Ek hota Mhatara, Lagnachi Bedi etc.<br />
<br />
He also made career in Marathi Cinema which includes Pedgaoche Shahane, Gora Kumbhar<br />
<br />
The period between 1960 and 1972 is known for the revival of Sangeet natak (play) in the industry. Sawkar played a major role in this. He was instrumental by acting in "Panditrao Jagannath" and "Suvarnatula" which get wide popularity. He started getting recognized by popular singer cum actor on the stage with this. In the year 1967, he played the role of "Sadashiv" in the play [[Katyar Kaljat Ghusali (play)|Katyar kaljat ghusli]] and worked closely with [[Purushottam Darvhekar]], [[Jitendra Abhisheki]] and [[Vasantrao Deshpande]]. The song Ghei chand makarand is known as a milestone in the musical plays.<br />
<br />
Swakar travelled to United States with his wife in 1972 and played small roles in his plays over there which also became very popular.<ref>https://marathivishwakosh.maharashtra.gov.in/khandas/khand19/index.php/component/content/article?id=10253 {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Plays===<br />
* Jinjihun Sutka जिंजीहून सुटका<br />
* Sanshay Kallol संशयकल्लोळ<br />
* Soubhadra सौभद्र<br />
* Mruchchakatik मृच्छकटिक<br />
* Vidyharan विद्याहरण<br />
* Manapman मानापमान<br />
* Rambha रंभा (१९५२)<br />
* Kulvadhu कुलवधू<br />
* Kone eke kali कोणे एके काळी<br />
* Lagnachi Bedi एक होता म्हातारा<br />
* Panditrao Jagannath पंडितराज जगन्नाथ 1960<br />
* Suvarnatula सुवर्णतुला 1960<br />
* Mandarmala मंदारमाला 1963<br />
* Jai Jai Gourishankar जय जय गौरीशंकर 1966<br />
* [[Katyar Kaljat Ghusali (play)|Katyar kaljat ghusli]] कट्यार काळजात घुसली 1967<br />
* Ghanshyam nayani aala घनश्याम नयनी आला 1968<br />
* To Rajhans Ek तो राजहंस एक 1975<br />
* Amrut mohini अमृत मोहिनी<br />
* Avagha rang ekachi rang अवघा रंग एकचि रंग<br />
<br />
===Cinema===<br />
* Pedgaoche Shahane पेडगावचे शहाणे<br />
* Gora Kumbhar गोरा कुंभार<br />
<br />
==Popular Songs==<br />
# Ghei Chand Makarand घेई छंद मकरंद<br />
# Jai Gange Bhagirathi जय गंगे भागिरथी<br />
# Narayana Ramaramana नारायणा रमारमणा<br />
# Sapt Sur Zankarit Bole सप्त सूर झंकारीत होते<br />
# Utha Pandharichya Raja ऊठ पंढरीच्या राजा<br />
# Jay Gange Bhagirathi जय गंगे भागीरथी<br />
# Tare Nahi Ye To Raat Ko तारे नहीं ये तो रात को<br />
# Narayana Rama Ramana नारायणा रमा रमणा<br />
# Patit Pavan Naam Aikuni पतित पावन नाम ऐकुनी<br />
# Priya Na Kavan Tuj प्रिय न कवण तुज<br />
# Basant Ki Bahar Aayi बसंत की बहार आयी<br />
# Bujhavo Deep A Sajani बुझावो दीप ए सजनी<br />
# Bhare Manat Sundara भरे मनात सुंदरा<br />
# Bhagya Surya Nashuni भाग्यसूर्य नाशुनि तिमिरा<br />
# Muralidhar Shyam He मुरलीधर श्याम हे नंदलाल<br />
# Yogi Pavan Manacha योगी पावन मनाचा<br />
# Ratihun Sundar Madan रतिहुन सुंदर मदनमंजिरी<br />
# Ragini Mukhachandrama रागिणी-मुखचंद्रमा<br />
# SaptSur Jhankarit Bole सप्तसूर झंकारित बोले<br />
# Sab Gunijan Mil Gavo सब गुनिजन मिल गावो<br />
# Savan Ghan Garaje Bajaye सावन घन गरजे बजाये<br />
# Sukhavito Madhumas Ha सुखवितो मधुमास हा<br />
# Hi Kanakangi Kon Lalana ही कनकांगी कोण ललना<br />
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aathavanitli-gani.com/Swar/Prasad_Savakar|title=प्रसाद सावकार &#124; Prasad Savakar &#124; आठवणीतली गाणी &#124; Aathavanitli Gani &#124; Marathi songs lyrics online|first=alka vibhas &#124; अलका|last=विभास|website=आठवणीतली गाणी &#124; Aathavanitli Gani|access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards and recognitions==<br />
* Master Deenanath Mangeshkar Smruti award <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/mumbai-news/articleshow/7991690.cms|title=प्रसाद सावकार यांना मंगेशकर पुरस्कार|date=15 April 2011|website=Maharashtra Times|access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref><br />
* Jeevan Gourav Award from Maharashtra State Government <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.esakal.com/esakal/20120223/4689795559167305712.htm|title=प्रसाद सावकार, सुधा करमरकर यांना जीवनगौरव पुरस्कार प्रदान|access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/news/article-48631.html|title=प्रसाद सावकार, सुधा करमरकरांना जीवनगौरव पुरस्कार|website=News18 Lokmat|access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref><br />
* Panchratna Award <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/vruthanta-news/prasad-raokar-awarded-by-panchratna-award-1121265/|title=पं. प्रसाद सावकार यांचा 'पंचरत्न' पुरस्काराने गौरव|date=9 July 2015|access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref><br />
* Padma Shri<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sawkar, Prasad}}<br />
[[Category:Konkani-language singers]]<br />
[[Category:1928 births]]<br />
[[Category:Hindustani singers]]<br />
[[Category:Konkani people]]<br />
[[Category:Musicians from North Goa district]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi-language singers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Singers from Goa]]</div>Pureganics