https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=PruthvirajBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-06T01:53:25ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_Dilawar&diff=518154Mohammed Dilawar2026-05-06T09:37:38Z<p>Pruthviraj: stub</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian conservationist}}<br />
{{for|the Pakistani politician|Muhammad Dilawar}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| image =<br />
| name = Mohammed Dilawar<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1980|3|20|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = Nashik, Maharashtra, India <br />
| parents = Esmail Dilawar<br>Duriya Dilwar<br />
| occupation = Founder and President of Nature Forever Society<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Mohammed Dilawar''' is an Indian [[Conservation biology|conservationist]]. He is the Founder and President of [[Nature Forever Society]] which was formally registered in 2009.<br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
Starting out as a volunteer at the grassroot level conducting surveys and creating awareness about conservation, Dilawar completed his master's in ecology and worked as a Lecturer and Head of the Department at a RYK College of Science [[Nashik]] for a year before joining [[Bombay Natural History Society]] as Project Officer in 2005 and working on the [[Royal Society for the Protection of Birds]] (RSPB) project in 2006. He worked with BNHS till 2008. The project was about "Safeguarding Key IBA sites of India". He headed the Project "Decline of House Sparrows in the Urban Sub-Habitats of India" and worked on the report submitted to the MoEF on "Impacts of Cell Phone Towers on Wildlife and Bees".<br />
<br />
He is a member of the International Working Group on Urban Sparrows and represents the Afro Asian Region. He has attended the conference in UK in 2009 for devising methodology of monitoring [[house sparrow]]s in Urban built-up areas. He has travelled widely across various protected areas of the country to observe, and photograph the wildlife and conservation issues associated with it.<br />
<br />
In 2009 the Nature Forever Society was formally registered with Mohammed Dilawar as the President for the conservation of house sparrows and flora and fauna found in human habitats. He initiated the first [[World Sparrow Day]] in 2009. Today it is celebrated in more than 30 countries across the World.<br />
<br />
He has also initiated Project Save Our Sparrows, the Annual Sparrows Awards started in 2011 and the BiodiverCity Photo Competition started in 2013.<br />
<br />
He is presently working on the [[Common Bird Monitoring of India]] Program which will help in the monitoring 18 common bird species of India.<br />
<br />
==Awards and honours==<br />
<br />
Dilawar was named one of the "Heroes of the Environment" in 2008 by Time magazine in their list of the 30 most influential Environmentalists in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweekendleader.com/Success/534/honourable-work.html|title=Mohammed Dilawar's 'save sparrows' campaign enters Guinness record|first=The Weekend|last=Leader|website=www.theweekendleader.com}}</ref><br />
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He is also the recipient of the Limca Book of Records for conservation of house sparrows and Guinness Book of Records in 2011 for the largest distribution of bird feeders in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1841778_1841782_1841791,00.html|title=Heroes of the Environment 2008 - TIME|first=MADHUR|last=SINGH|date=24 September 2008|via=content.time.com}}</ref><br />
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The ''[[Times Now]]'' news network named him one of the Amazing Indians in their series for his work on the conservation of house sparrows in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.natureforever.org/aboutus.html|title=Nature Forever|website=www.natureforever.org}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dilawar, Mohammed}}<br />
[[Category:Indian conservationists]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1980 births]]<br />
[[Category:People from Nashik]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=P.O.W._%E2%80%93_Bandi_Yuddh_Ke&diff=523494P.O.W. – Bandi Yuddh Ke2026-05-04T22:56:40Z<p>Pruthviraj: started a stub - done</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian political thriller television series}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image = P.O.W-Bandi Yuddh Ke poster.jpg<br />
| caption = First poster<br />
| genre = Thriller<br />
| creator =<br />
| based_on = [[Prisoners of War (TV series)|Prisoners of War]]<br />
| director = {{Plainlist|[[Nikkhil Advani]]<br />
Gauravv K Chawla<br />
Kaashvi Nair<br />
*Nikhil Gonsalves}}<br />
| writer = {{Plainlist|<br />
* Aseem Arora<br />
*[[Aniruddha Guha]]<br />
[[Nikkhil Advani]]}}<br />
| starring = {{Plainlist|<br />
*[[Amrita Puri]]<br />
*[[Sandhya Mridul]]<br />
*[[Anurag Sinha (actor)|Anurag Sinha]]<br />
*[[Purab Kohli]]<br />
*[[Satyadeep Mishra]]<br />
*[[Manish Choudhary]]<br />
*[[Parul Gulati]]<br />
}}<br />
| theme_music_composer = [[Arjuna Harjai]]<br />
| opentheme = [[Arjuna Harjai]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
Urdu<br />
Punjabi<br />
| num_seasons = 1<br />
| num_episodes = 110<ref>{{cite news|first1=Shilpa|last1=Jamkhandikar|title=POW: Indian adaptation of thriller 'Hatufim' hopes to break new ground|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/pow-nikkhil-advani-television-idINKBN12Y0DK|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104162839/http://in.reuters.com/article/pow-nikkhil-advani-television-idINKBN12Y0DK|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 November 2016|access-date=3 November 2016|work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><br />
| producer = {{Plainlist|<br />
*Monisha Advani<br />
*Madhu G Bhojwani<br />
}}<br />
| cinematography = <br />
| camera = <br />
| runtime = 20–29 min<br />
| company = [[Emmay Entertainment]]<br />
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2016|11|07}}<br />
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2017|03|15}}<br />
| network = [[Star Plus]] <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''P.O.W. – Bandi Yuddh Ke''''' is an Indian political [[thriller (genre)|thriller]] television series developed by [[Nikkhil Advani]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=IANS |title='P.O.W.' equal to 22 films: Nikkhil Advani |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/p-o-w-equal-to-22-films-nikkhil-advani-116100300333_1.html |access-date=8 April 2021 |work=Business Standard India |date=3 October 2016}}</ref> and is loosely based on the Israeli drama ''[[Prisoners of War (TV series)|Prisoners of War]]''.<ref name="Gideon Raff">{{cite news|last=PTIdate=25 October 2016|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Gideon-Raff-I-am-worried-whenever-Prisoners-of-War-is-remade/articleshow/55048027.cms|title=Gideon Raff: I am worried whenever 'Prisoners of War' is remade|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=25 October 2016}}</ref> The series premiered 7 November 2016 on [[Star Plus]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/B-Town-Nikkhil-Advani-raising-the-bar-on-TV/articleshow/54497990.cms|title=B-Town: Nikkhil Advani raising the bar on TV|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=24 September 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924162429/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/B-Town-Nikkhil-Advani-raising-the-bar-on-TV/articleshow/54497990.cms|archive-date=24 September 2016}}</ref> The show was featured at MAMI film fest followed by a talk with [[Gideon Raff]], who developed ''Hatufim'' for [[Channel 12 (Israel)|Keshet]] and served as a consultant for this series.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goswami |first1=Parismita |title=P.O.W-Bandi Yuddh Ke: Purab Kohli's TV series becomes first show to be premiered at MAMI |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/p-o-w-bandi-yuddh-ke-purab-kohlis-tv-series-becomes-first-show-be-premiered-mami-701338 |access-date=8 April 2021 |work=IBTimes |date=26 October 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gideon Raff"/><ref>{{cite news|first1=Ankita|last1=Maneck|date=30 October 2016|title=Hatufim creator Gideon Raff talks POW: Bandi Yudh Ke, Homeland, remakes and research|url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hatufim-creator-gideon-raff-talks-pow-bandi-yudh-ke-homeland-remakes-and-research-3078676.html|access-date=30 October 2016|work=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Michael|last1=Schneider|date=24 October 2016|title='Homeland' Was Just the Beginning, as Gideon Raff's 'Prisoners of War' Inspires More Shows Globally|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2016/10/homeland-prisoners-of-war-israel-gideon-raff-1201739546/|access-date=24 October 2016|work=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> It went off-air after four months of its launch due to low viewership.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Keshri |first1=Shweta |title=Jaat Ki Jugni to Koi Laut Ke Aaya Hai: 5 shows that died untimely death |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/jaat-ki-jugni-to-koi-laut-ke-aaya-hai-5-shows-that-died-untimely-death-lifetv-983719-2017-06-20 |access-date=22 November 2021 |work=India Today |date=20 June 2017 |language=en}}</ref> The show now streams on [[MX Player]], [[Amazon Prime Video]] and [[Lionsgate Play]].<ref>{{cite web |title=P.O.W. Bandi Yuddh Ke |url=https://www.mxplayer.in/show/watch-pow-bandi-yuddh-ke-series-online-532811afe2120f3179d01a75cf27f099 |website=MX PLayer |access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot summary==<br />
After seventeen years in captivity, two soldiers, who seem to share a dark secret, return to their families. The two families try to pick up where they left off, while a government agent tries to expose their dark secret.<br />
Meanwhile, the POWs try to acclimatise to the environment that they left 17 years ago.<br />
The government agent tries several methods to expose these POWs but ends up in trouble.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
* [[Amrita Puri]] as Harleen Kaur<ref>{{cite news|last=IANS|date=28 October 2016|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/television/how-amrita-puri-struggled-after-shooting-p-o-w-bandi-yuddh-ke-1586278|title=How Amrita Puri struggled after shooting P.O.W.- Bandi Yuddh Ke|publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=28 October 2016}}</ref><br />
* [[Sandhya Mridul]] as Nazneen Khan<ref>{{cite news|last=IANS|date=5 November 2016|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/tough-to-understand-trauma-of-wives-of-war-heroes-sandhya-mridul-3738538/|title=Tough to understand the trauma of wives of war heroes|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=5 November 2016}}</ref><br />
* Anurag Sinha as Lt. Siddhant Thakur/Sadiq <ref>{{Cite web |last=TOI |first=The Times of India |date=14 March 2017 |title=Anurag Sinha returns to the screen |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/television-highlights/anurag-sinha-returns-to-the-screen/articleshow/57624330.cms |access-date=14 March 2017 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
* [[Purab Kohli]] as [[Naib Subedar]] Sartaaj Singh<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rathi |first1=Vasundhara |title=Playing on contrast |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/Playing-on-contrast/article16358283.ece |access-date=12 November 2016 |work=The Hindu |date=12 November 2016 |language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
*[[Satyadeep Mishra]] as [[Squadron Leader]] Imaan Khan<ref>{{cite news|last=Razzaq |first=Sameena|date=12 November 2016|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/television/121116/aditi-is-my-closest-friend-satyadeep-mishra.html|title=Aditi is my closest friend: Satyadeep Mishra|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref><br />
* [[Manish Choudhary]] as Major Vikram Singh<br />
* [[Rasika Dugal]] as Shobha Thakur<br />
* [[Sujata Kumar]] as Squadron Leader Iman Khan's Mother (Mrs khan)<br />
* [[Arun Bali]] as Harpal Singh<br />
* [[Parul Gulati]] as Afreen<br />
* Suhaas Ahuja as Salim Khan<br />
* Ghazal Thakur as Shaira Khan<br />
* Krishh Pathak as Ayaan Khan<br />
* Shivani Singh as Naina<br />
* Ravinder Bakshi as Satpal Singh<br />
* Ragini Sharma as Veera<br />
*[[Anindita Nayar]] as Dr. Nandini Kapoor<br />
* Vrushabh Naik as Arjan<br />
* [[Denzil Smith]] as Lala / Rashid Jamal<br />
* [[Sahil Salathia]] as Yusuf<br />
* [[Sameksha]] as Indira Jaisingh<br />
* Pramod Pathak<br />
* Abhishek Gupta as Santosh<br />
* [[Kanisha Malhotra]] as Ananya<br />
* Abhijeet Sooryvanshe<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
===Development===<br />
Star Plus approached Nikkhil Advani after watching his latest film ''[[D-Day (2013 film)|D-Day]]'', to direct a show based on the similar plotline on their channel. [[Star Plus]] had him watch both ''[[Prisoners of War (TV series)|Prisoners of War]]'' and its American counterpart ''[[Homeland (TV series)|Homeland]]''. Advani sought to make a show like ''Hatufim'' since he thought a show like ''Homeland'' would not suite Indian's sensibilities.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kaushik|first=Divya|date=23 September 2016|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Nikhil-Advani-My-show-is-not-an-adaptation-of-Homeland-That-kind-of-show-wont-work-in-India/articleshow/54463983.cms|title=Nikhil Advani: My show is not an adaptation of 'Homeland'. That kind of show won't work in India|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=23 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
The budget of the series was ₹35 crores, and was shot in 90 locations along with about 150 crew members and with a budget of ₹27 Lakh per episode.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last1=Mathew |first1=Suresh |title='POW - Bandi Yuddh Ke' Struggles to Find Its Audience |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/pow-bandi-yuddh-ke-star-plus-nikkhil-advani-ratings-homeland-indian-tv-show-purab-kohli-sandhya-mridul |access-date=24 August 2020 |work=TheQuint |date=2 December 2016 |language=en}}</ref> The series was planned as a finite one for 126 episodes.<ref name=":0" /> However, due to very less viewership, it ended with 110 episodes.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Keshri |first1=Shweta |title=P.O.W. - Bandi Yuddh Ke to Jeannie Aur Juju: Foreign TV adaptations that failed to impress |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/foreign-tv-adaptations-that-failed-to-impress-fatmagul-kya-qusoor-amala-ka-lifetv-966733-2017-03-21 |access-date=24 August 2020 |work=India Today |date=21 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Casting===<br />
Advani decided to rope in [[Amrita Puri]], [[Purab Kohli]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Purab-Kohli-goes-raw-for-Nikhil-Advanis-show/articleshow/54296556.cms|title=Purab Kohli goes raw for Nikhil Advani's show|date=12 September 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=12 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Purab-Kohli-didnt-want-to-do-daily-soaps-after-Hip-Hip-Hurray/articleshow/entertainment/latest-hindi-movie-news-bollywood-movies-news--updates/bollywood/news/Purab-Kohli-didnt-want-to-do-daily-soaps-after-Hip-Hip-Hurray/articleshow/54655983.cms|title=Purab Kohli didn't want to do daily soaps after 'Hip Hip Hurray'|date=29 January 2017|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref> [[Satyadeep Misra]], [[Manish Chaudhary]] and [[Sandhya Mridul]] – the former debuting on the small screen and the latter returning on the small screen after a hiatus of two years.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Singh|first=Anvita |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/amrita-puri-homeland-nikhil-advani-star-lifetv-339122-2016-09-04|title=Amrita Puri to play the lead role in Indian remake of Homeland?|date=4 September 2016|magazine=[[India Today]]|access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref> [[Anurag Sinha (actor)|Anurag Sinha]] makes a major entry post Episode 60 along with [[Parul Gulati]] and [[Sahil Salathia]] in the series as the further story unveils. Theater actor Abhishek Gupta plays RAW officer Santosh and Lala (Rashid Jamaal) is played by [[Denzil Smith]] in the series.<ref>{{cite news |title=Star Plus' P.O.W- Bandi Yuddh Ke gets 3 new faces |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/star-plus-p-o-w-bandi-yuddh-ke-gets-3-new-faces/articleshow/56625506.cms |access-date=8 April 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=17 January 2017 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Music ===<br />
[[Arjuna Harjai]] made his television [[wikt:debut|debut]] with this show. He composed all the music tracks, background score, soundtrack, and also sung some songs except the title track. The music received critical acclaim and won both Abby Gold and Bronze awards in the Best Original Score & Soundtrack category for the StarPlus network.<ref> https://www.indiantelevision.com/mam/marketing/mam/creative-abby-awards-2017-star-plus-colors-win-a-gold-each-in-broadcaster-category-170407</ref><br />
<br />
<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Arjuna-Harjai-Making-music-for-Nikhil-Advanis-TV-show-is-a-lot-of-fun/articleshow/55263036.cms|title=Arjuna Harjai: Making music for Nikhil Advani's TV show is a lot of fun!|date=5 November 2016|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=5 November 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Critical reception==<br />
Gursimran Kaur Bangal of ''[[The Times of India]]'' said "The show has managed to hold us all through the three episodes aired so far. The narrative is gripping and stirs you emotionally. It keeps you glued to what will happen next. This one is not to be missed!"<ref>{{cite news |last1=Banga |first1=Gursimran Kaur |title=Review: P.O.W. - Bandi Yuddh Ke strikes a chord with its engaging content |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Review-P-O-W-Bandi-Yuddh-Ke-strikes-a-chord-with-its-engaging-content/articleshow/55349694.cms |access-date=8 April 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=10 November 2016}}</ref> Anvita Singh of ''[[India Today]]'' praised the show's unique plot, strong female characters, actors and the good cliffhanger.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what-s-hot/story/purab-kohli-amrita-puri-sandhya-mridul-review-nikkhil-advani-p-o-w-bandi-yuddh-ke-lifetv-350859-2016-11-08|title=P.O.W. – Bandi Yuddh Ke Review: Nikkhil Advani's powerful show might set new standards for Indian television|magazine=[[India Today]]|access-date=8 November 2016}}</ref> ''[[Mid-Day]]'' has compared the show with its [[Homeland (TV series)|American counterpart]] and considered that while it aids in etching the underlying theme of the series, the treatment given to the two adaptations are significantly distanced from one another.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/pow-bandi-yuddh-ke-homeland-tv-show-nikkhil-advani-satyadeep-mishra-purab-kohli/17744158|title='POW: Bandi Yuddh Ke' is 'Homeland' with more heart|date=9 November 2016|newspaper=[[Mid-Day]]|access-date=9 November 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Quint]]'' stated that the reunion scene of two prisoners could have been shown separately instead of showing both simultaneously in a single frame. It reviewed, "The new mega show of Star Plus, ''P.O.W.- Bandi Yuddh Ke'' lies somewhere between the ambition of cinema to be restrained and the dimness of television to be understood. It chugs along well with occasional attempts of expansive frames, overhead shots, and an enlightened understanding of relationships till the key scene - which quite honestly, disappoints."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mazumder |first1=Ranjib |title=Review: 'POW - Bandi Yuddh Ke' Shows Promise But On Shaky Ground |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/review-pow-bandi-yuddh-ke-shows-promise-but-on-shaky-ground-purab-kohli-sandhya-mridul-nikhil-advani |access-date=24 August 2020 |work=TheQuint |date=7 November 2016 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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The show also won several awards including Jury award for best Asian show at Seoul International drama awards and for its promotion and music at the Abby. It also had 12 nominations at the ITA awards, winning in categories such as: Best Drama-Jury, Best Actor-Jury (Purab Kohli), Best Actor in a Negative Role (Denzil Smith).<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|6084582}}<br />
<br />
{{Star Plus Shows}}<br />
{{Homeland}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian crime television series]]<br />
[[Category:Detective television series]]<br />
[[Category:2010s Indian television miniseries]]<br />
[[Category:StarPlus original programming]]<br />
[[Category:2016 Indian television series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:2017 Indian television series endings]]<br />
[[Category:Serial drama television series]]<br />
[[Category:Indian political television series]]<br />
[[Category:Television shows set in Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Television shows set in Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:Television shows set in Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Armed Forces in fiction]]<br />
[[Category:Research & Analysis Wing in fiction]]<br />
[[Category:Kashmir conflict in fiction]]<br />
[[Category:Indian espionage television series]]<br />
[[Category:Television episodes about prisoners of war]]<br />
[[Category:Indian military television series]]<br />
[[Category:Secret histories]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokmanya_Tilak_Terminus%E2%80%93Hatia_Superfast_Express&diff=513513Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Hatia Superfast Express2026-05-04T15:30:53Z<p>Pruthviraj: stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Train in India}}<br />
{{Orphan|date=July 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox rail service<br />
| name = Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Hatia Superfast Express<br />
| image = <br />
| image_width = <br />
| caption = <br />
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]]<br />
| locale = <br />
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2003|07|03}}<br />
| last =<br />
| operator = [[South Eastern Railway zone]]<br />
| ridership =<br />
| start = [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus]] (LTT)<br />
| stops = 18<br />
| end = {{stnlnk|Hatia}} (HTE)<br />
| distance = {{convert|1699|km|0|abbr=on}}<br />
| journeytime = 27h 30m<br />
| frequency = Bi-weekly {{efn|Runs two days in a week for every direction.}}<br />
| class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved<br />
| seating = No<br />
| sleeping = Yes<br />
| autorack = <br />
| catering = On-board catering <br> E-catering<br />
| observation = [[LHB coach]]<br />
| entertainment = No<br />
| baggage = No<br />
| other facilities= Below the seats<br />
| stock = 2<br />
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}<br />
| electrification = <br />
| trainnumber = 12811/12812<br />
| speed = {{convert|62|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts<br />
| map = <br />
| map_state =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Hatia Superfast Express''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]] train belonging to [[South Eastern Railway zone]] that runs between [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus]] and {{stnlnk|Hatia}} in India. It is currently being operated with 12811/12812 train numbers on bi-weekly basis.<ref>[http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=3592&did=147212423139494FFC51C990027B60C8AC29989075677.web107 HALT TO MAIL / EXPRESS TRAINS]</ref><ref>[http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=2598&id=0,4,268 50% TATKAL TICKETS on DYNAMIC PRICING IN ANOTHER 20 TRAINS]</ref><br />
<br />
==Service==<br />
<br />
* 12811/Mumbai LTT–Hatia Superfast Express has an average speed of 62&nbsp;km/h and covers 1,699&nbsp;km in 27h 30m. <br />
* 12812/Hatia–Mumbai LTT Superfast Express has an average speed of 61&nbsp;km/h and covers 1,699&nbsp;km in 27h 55m.<br />
<br />
== Route and halts ==<br />
<br />
The important halts of the train are:<br />
<br />
* [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus]]<br />
* {{stnlnk|Thane}}<br />
* {{stnlnk|Kalyan Junction}}<br />
* {{stnlnk|Nasik Road}}<br />
* {{stnlnk|Manmad Junction}}<br />
* {{stnlnk|Bhusaval Junction}}<br />
* {{stnlnk|Akola Junction}}<br />
* {{stnlnk|Badnera Junction}}<br />
* {{stnlnk|Wardha Junction}}<br />
* {{stnlnk|Nagpur Junction}}<br />
* {{stnlnk|Gondia Junction}}<br />
* {{stnlnk|Durg Junction}}<br />
* {{stnlnk|Raipur Junction}}<br />
* {{stnlnk|Bilaspur Junction}}<br />
* {{stnlnk|Raigarh}}<br />
* {{stnlnk|Jharsuguda Junction}}<br />
* {{stnlnk|Rourkela Junction}}<br />
* {{stnlnk|Hatia}}<br />
<br />
==Coach composition==<br />
<br />
The train has [[LHB coach]] with a maximum speed of 160&nbsp;km/h. The train consists of 23 coaches:<br />
<br />
* 2 AC II Tier<br />
* 5 AC III Tier<br />
* 2 AC III Tier Economy<br />
* 7 Sleeper coaches<br />
* 1 Pantry car<br />
* 3 General Unreserved<br />
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake<br />
<br />
==Traction==<br />
<br />
Both trains are hauled by a Santragachi Loco Shed-based [[WAP-4]] electric locomotive from Kurla to Hatia and vice versa.<br />
<br />
==Rake sharing==<br />
<br />
The train shares its rake with 12817/12818 [[Jharkhand Swarna Jayanti Express]], 12873/12874 [[Jharkhand Swarna Jayanti Express (via Barkakana)]] and 12835/12836 [[Hatia–Yesvantpur Superfast Express]].<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus]]<br />
* [[Hatia railway station]]<br />
* [[Jharkhand Swarna Jayanti Express]]<br />
* [[Jharkhand Swarna Jayanti Express (via Barkakana)]]<br />
* [[Hatia–Yesvantpur Superfast Express]]<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/611 12811/Mumbai LTT–atia SF Express] India Rail Info<br />
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/1964 12812/Hatia–umbai LTT SF Express] India Rail Info<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lokmanya Tilak Terminus-Hatia Superfast Express}}<br />
[[Category:Transport in Ranchi]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Superfast Express trains]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Chhattisgarh]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2003]]<br />
<br />
{{India-express-train-stub}}</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tso_Kar&diff=541994Tso Kar2026-05-02T05:44:32Z<p>Pruthviraj: starting first pg from scratch</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Ramsar wetland in India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox body of water<br />
| name = "Tso Kar"<br />
| image = Tsokar.jpg<br />
| alt = View of Tso Kar<br />
| location = [[Leh district]], [[Ladakh]], {{flag|India}}<br />
| coords = {{Coord|33|18|N|77|59|E|region:IN_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}<br />
| type = [[Oligotrophic lake]]<br />
| inflow = Pholokongka Chu<br />
| outflow = none<br />
| length = {{convert|7.5|km|mi}}<br />
| width = {{convert|2.3|km|mi}}<br />
| area = {{convert|22|km2|abbr=on}}<br />
| elevation = {{convert|4530|m|ft}}<br />
| frozen = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Ladakh<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = Location of Tso Kar within Ladakh<br />
| embedded = {{Designation list<br />
| embed = yes<br />
| designation1 = Ramsar<br />
| designation1_offname = Tso Kar Wetland Complex<br />
| designation1_date = 17 November 2020<br />
| designation1_number = 2443<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tso Kar Wetland Complex|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2443|access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref>}}<br />
| caption = View of Tso Kar in Leh district (Ladakh)<br />
}}<br />
The '''Tso Kar'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geonames.org/1267666/kar-tso.html|title=Location of Tso Kar|publisher=geonames.org|access-date=2012-04-12}}</ref> or '''Tsho kar''' is a fluctuating [[salt lake]] known for its size and depth situated in the [[Rupshu]] Plateau and valley in [[Changthang district]] in the southern part in [[Union territory|Union Territory]] of [[Ladakh]] in [[India]].<ref name="Tso kar lake">{{cite book |author1=Dharma Pal Agrawal |author2=Brij Mohan Pande | title=Ecology and Archaeology of Western India: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Feb. 23-26, 1976 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3sedhMJyYYC&q=Tso+Kar+lake+location&pg=PA239 | access-date=4 December 2012 |year=1976 | publisher=Concept Publishing Company, 1977| page=239–}}</ref>It is located 102 km from [[Leh|Leh City]], the capital of Ladakh. It is also recognised as India's 42nd [[Ramsar site]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ladakh's Tso Kar wetland complex added to list of Ramsar sites |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ladakhs-tso-kar-wetland-complex-added-to-list-of-ramsar-sites/articleshow/79949608.cms|access-date=2020-12-27|website=The Times of India|date=25 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
<br />
The name Tso Kar refers to the white salt efflorescence on the margins of the lake caused by the evaporation of the saline waters. <br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:Tsokar settlment. 2010.jpg|thumb|right|Tsokar settlement. 2010]]<br />
[[File:Wildass Homestay, Tsokar Lake. 2010.jpg|thumb|right|Wildass Homestay, Tsokar Lake. 2010]]<br />
[[File:Tibetan Argali Homestay, Tsokar.jpg|thumb|Tibetan Argali Homestay, Tsokar]]<br />
<br />
The Tso Kar is connected by an inlet stream at its south-west end to a small lake, Startsapuk Tso, and together they form the 9&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> [[More plains]] [[Basin (geology)|pool]], which is dominated by the peaks of two mountains, Thugje (6050&nbsp;m) and Gursan (6370&nbsp;m). From the geology of the More Plains, it can be concluded that the Tso Kar in historical times ranged up to this high valley. Until a few years ago the lake was an important source of salt, which the [[Changpa]] nomads used to export to [[Tibet]]. The nomadic settlement of Thugje is located 3&nbsp;km in the north. There is a tented camp on the west bank of the lake which provides accommodation for tourists.<ref name="Tso kar climate">{{cite web|url=http://www.spectrumtour.com/jammu-kashmir-tourism/tso-kar-basin.htm|title=Tso Kar, Jammu and Kashmir Tourism|publisher=spectrumtour.com|access-date=2012-04-12}}</ref><ref name="Tso kar startsapuk tso">{{cite book |author=Dharma Pal Agrawal |author2=Brij Mohan Pande |title=Ecology and Archaeology of Western India: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Feb. 23-26, 1976 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3sedhMJyYYC&q=Tso+Kar+startsapuk+tso&pg=PA239 | access-date=4 December 2012 |year=1977 | publisher=Concept Publishing Company, 1977| page=239–}}</ref> More plains pool (Tso Kar-Startsapuk Tso) [[List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_India|Ramsar wetland site in India]] is a high-altitude wetland complex, found at more than 4,500 metres above sea level in the Changthang region of Ladakh. It includes two connected lakes, the freshwater Startsapuk Tso and the larger hypersaline Tso Kar. The primary source of lakes is glacial meltwater. <br />
<br />
In relation to Tso Kar, other places in [[Changtang]] plateau are [[Miru, Ladakh|Miru]] (Meroo) on [[Leh–Manali Highway]] to the northwest, Pongunagu on northwest shore, Thukje on northeast shore, Giu (not to be confused with [[Gya,_Ladakh|Gya]] which lies north of Miroo) on western shore and Chutak on southwest shore.<br />
<br />
==Climate==<br />
<br />
Due to the high altitude, the climate is extreme in the winter; temperatures below -40&nbsp;°C (-40&nbsp;°F) are not uncommon. In the summer the temperature rises above 30&nbsp;°C (86&nbsp;°F), with extreme fluctuations during the day. Precipitation in the form of either rain or snow is extremely rare.<ref name="Tso kar climate"/><br />
<br />
==Ecology==<br />
[[File:Equus hemonius kiang.jpg|thumbnail|Wild [[kiang]] near Tso Kar Lake]]<br />
<br />
===Flora ===<br />
The inlets of the Tso Kar are a source of non-saline water; [[Charales|pondweeds]] and basic nettles grow there, forming floating islands of vegetation in the spring and dying off in the winter. [[Sedge]] and large numbers of [[buttercup]]s grow on the shores of Startsapuk Tso and of the tributaries of the Tso Kar, while some parts of the high basin are marked by [[steppe]] vegetation interspersed with [[tragacanth]] and [[Sweet Pea Shrub|pea bushes]]. The shore of Tso Kar is partly covered with a salt crust, which keeps vegetation away from the inflows.<br />
<br />
===Fauna===<br />
<br />
Tso Kar is an important stopover ground for migratory birds along the [[Central Asian Flyway]]. It is one of the most important breeding areas in India for the black-necked crane ([[Grus nigricollis]]). Some of the species found here are endangered saker falcon ([[Falco cherrug]]) and [[Asiatic wild dog]] or dhole (Cuon alpinus laniger), and the vulnerable [[snow leopard]] (Panthera uncia).<br />
<br />
Due to the salinity of the Tso Kar, most of the resident fauna is found in its tributaries and in Startsapuk Tso. There are large breeding colonies of [[grebe]]s and [[brown-headed gull]]s, and some [[bar-headed goose|bar-headed geese]], [[ruddy shelduck]]s and [[tern]]s. In the vicinity of the lake [[black-necked crane]]s and [[Tibetan sandgrouse|Tibetan grouse]] are relatively common.<br />
<br />
The basin of the Tso Kar and the adjoining More Plains constitute one of the most important habitats of the [[kiang]], [[Tibetan gazelle]]s, [[Tibetan wolf|Tibetan wolves]] and [[fox]]es; there are [[himalayan marmot]]s in the higher reaches. [[Yak]]s and [[horse]]s are kept by nomads.<ref name="Tso kar lake leh manali">{{cite book |author1=Ganesh Pangare |author2=Vasudha Pangare |author3=Binayak Das | title=Springs of Life: India's Water Resources | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sWFtJw4V5-8C&q=Tso+Kar+lake+location&pg=PA54 | access-date=4 December 2012 |year=2006 | publisher=Academic Foundation, 2006| isbn=978-81-7188-489-6 | page=54–}}</ref><ref name="Tso kar fauna">{{cite book |author=Patricia Des Roses Moehlman |author2=IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group |title=Equids: Zebras, Asses, and Horses IUCN/SSC action plans for the conservation o biological diversity Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan SSC species action plans | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Bj4q83ry1QC&q=Tso+Kar+more+plains&pg=PA76 | access-date=4 December 2012 |year=2002 | publisher=IUCN, 2002| isbn=978-2-8317-0647-4 | page=76–}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Conservation===<br />
<br />
Currently the lake basin has no special protection, but there are plans to include it within a national park which may be established in the highlands of south-eastern Ladakh.<ref name="Tso kar lake leh manali"/><ref name="Tso kar from leh">{{cite book | author=Brijraj Krishna Das |title=Lakes: water and sediment geochemistry | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aPUdAQAAMAAJ&q=Tso+Kar+lake+location | access-date=4 December 2012 |year=2008 | publisher=Satish Serial Pub. House, 2008| isbn=978-81-89304-54-6 | page=121–}}</ref><br />
<br />
==ISRO station==<br />
{{anchor | ISRO | HOPE }}<br />
<br />
'''Human Outer Planet Exploration''' (HOPE) station at Tso Kar, developed by [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) and Bengaluru-based space tech company Protoplanet for [[Indian Human Spaceflight Programme|India’s human space exploration]], is a space analogue station, which mimics conditions on the Moon and Mars and aimed at carrying out ''"research for future crewed interplanetary journeys"''. This location was selected because it has conditions which are ''"closest to a planet or planetary body with regard to the topography, environment, etc. These stations usually act as testing grounds for relevant technologies, help advance technology readiness levels (TRL) and engineering integration, and facilitate human studies, crew training and research around geological, geomorphological, habitability, and life detection."'' There are 33 such stations across the world. In August 2025, India began its first ever space simulation at this station in which 2 crew in space suit stayed inside the station for the further research and development.<ref name=hope1>[https://theprint.in/science/mars-in-ladakh-2-scientists-enter-space-bubble-to-test-human-endurance-for-interplanetary-missions/2710366/ ‘Mars’ in Ladakh—2 scientists enter space bubble to test human endurance for interplanetary missions], The Print, 1 Aug 2025.</ref><br />
<br />
[[Indian Astronomical Observatory]] at [[Hanle (village)|Hanle]] is another space exploration station in Ladakh.<br />
<br />
==Transport==<br />
{{see also | Tso_Moriri#Transport | l1= Transport to Changthang Plateau}}<br />
<br />
The Tso Kar lies 160&nbsp;km south of [[Leh]]; the [[Leh Manali road]] passes 30&nbsp;km west of it. The lake is 540&nbsp;km east of [[Srinagar]], the capital of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir union territory]].<ref name="Tso kar lake leh manali"/><ref name="Tso kar from leh"/> You can get taxis from Leh to reach Tso Kar Lake at a distance of 250 kilometers.<br />
<br />
From [[Miru, Ladakh|Miru]] (Meroo) on [[Leh–Manali Highway]], the western and southern shores of Tso Kar can be reached by taking Meroo-Giu-Chutak Road, and the northern and easter shores can be reached by taking Meroo-Pongunagu-Thukje-Mahe-Nyoma road.<br />
<br />
[[File:Ladakh panorama.jpg|thumb|750px|Panoramic view of Tsokar lake.]]<br />
<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Changthang]] Plateau lakes<br />
<br />
** [[More plains]] pool<br />
*** Tso Kar<br />
*** [[Startsapuk Tso]]<!--NOTE: Retain RED LINK to encourage article creation.--><br />
<br />
** [[Salt Valley]]<br />
*** [[Kyago Tso]] (Kyagar Tso)<br />
*** [[Tso Moriri]]<br />
<br />
** Other lakes in [[Changthang]] Plateau<br />
*** [[Ryul Tso|Chilling Tso]]<br />
*** [[Ryul Tso]]<br />
<br />
* [[Kailash Range]] lakes<br />
** [[Pangong Tso]]<br />
** [[Spanggur Tso]]<br />
<br />
* Ladakh<br />
** [[Geography of Ladakh]]<br />
** [[Tourism in Ladakh]]<br />
<br />
* General<br />
** [[Soda lake]]<br />
** [[Salt Valley]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://www.spectrumtour.com/jammu-kashmir-tourism/tso-kar-basin.htm Site of the Tourism information of the State of Jammu and Kashmir]<br />
<br />
==Literature==<br />
*'' Kashmir Ladakh Manali – The Essential Guide'' Partha S. Banerjee, Kolkata: Milestone Books 2010, {{ISBN|978-81-903270-2-2}}<br />
<br />
{{Ramsar sites in India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lakes of Ladakh]]<br />
[[Category:Geography of Ladakh]]<br />
[[Category:Saline lakes of Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Ramsar sites in India]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indira_Oinam&diff=504344Indira Oinam2026-04-30T02:27:05Z<p>Pruthviraj: Starting</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}<br />
<br />
'''Indira Oinam''' ''({{Script|Mtei|ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯔꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥꯝ}}, born 1 February 1975)'' is an Indian social activist and politician from [[Manipur]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|date=2014-03-28|title=Only two women candidates for Manipur LS seats|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/only-two-women-candidates-for-manipur-ls-seats/article5844024.ece|access-date=2025-11-08|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> She is known for her work in women empowerment and child welfare, as well as her involvement in Manipur politics. Oinam has been associated with both the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Indira quits BJP : 04th mar14 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=Snipp15..040314.mar14|access-date=2025-11-08|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indira seeks BJP ticket : 29th dec13 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://www.e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=4..291213.dec13|access-date=2025-11-08|website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref> and the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) at different times in her career.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Former BJP candidate Indira joins Cong : 18th feb17 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=3..180217.feb17|access-date=2025-11-08|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> She is the Secretary of the Women's Income Generation Centre (WIGC) in [[Thoubal]], Manipur.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Bio data Of Indira Oinam of Women Income Generation Centre WIGC 2016|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Spotlight_On_Women.Bio_data_Of_Indira_Oinam_of_Women_Income_Generation_Centre_WIGC_2016|access-date=2025-11-08|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
<br />
Indira Oinam was born on 1 February 1975 in Thoubal Ningombam, Thoubal District, Manipur, to Oinam Chaobhal Singh and Oinam (O) W. Ibemhal Devi. She was the sixth of nine children and the second daughter in her family.<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
She studied at Ningombam L.P. School and completed her HSLC examination in 1992 at Keinya Girls High School, Thoubal. Oinam graduated from Waikhom Mani Girls College, Thoubal, in 1998 with first-class honors in Education under Manipur University.<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
She grew up in a poor family and financed her education by working as a private tutor and doing embroidery work. Despite family discouragement, she completed her education and supported her younger sisters through their studies.<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
=== Childhood ===<br />
<br />
During her school days, Oinam participated in debates and symposiums and often won first prizes. She faced hardships, including lack of family support during competitions. One incident during a debate competition in Class VII made her realize the emotional value of encouragement, as she received her first prize without her parents’ presence.<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
Another incident, when she was denied food by relatives as a child, inspired her to later establish an Ashram for Children, providing food, shelter, and education to orphans and underprivileged children.<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
== Early activities and NCC training ==<br />
<br />
Oinam was active in the National Cadet Corps (NCC) as Senior Under Officer of the 65 Girls Unit in Manipur. She completed First Aid Training at Military Hospital, Shillong, and attended various NCC camps.<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
She received several awards for discipline and leadership, including:<br />
<br />
* Governor's Medal (1995) for Best Cadet<ref name=":4" /><br />
* Duke of Edinburgh Award (Gold Standard), presented by Queen Elizabeth II<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
Although she received job offers to join the Army and other government services, she chose to work in the voluntary sector for social causes.<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
== Social work and WIGC ==<br />
<br />
Oinam founded the Women's Income Generation Centre (WIGC) in Thoubal to support women and children from poor backgrounds.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=Meritorious students of Thoubal district feted : 03rd may25 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=14..030525.may25|access-date=2025-11-08|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> The centre provides:<br />
<br />
* Skill training and vocational courses<br />
* Support for handloom and handicraft workers<br />
* Micro-finance through Self-Help Groups (SHGs)<br />
* Shelter and education for destitute women and children<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
WIGC also runs ashrams for children, Swadhar homes for destitute women, and working women hostels. The organisation supports women in trades like Kouna (water reed) crafts, bamboo work, and tie-dye.<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
The centre conducts awareness programmes against human trafficking, especially for women and children, and collaborates with national schemes under various ministries of the [[Government of India]].<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=Opening of Training Production unit at Tihar Jail with WIGC Thoubal 7th Sept 2015|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Jobs_Career.Opening_of_Training_Production_unit_at_Tihar_Jail_with_WIGC_Thoubal_7th_Sept_2015|access-date=2025-11-08|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Major projects and programmes ==<br />
<br />
Some projects under Oinam's leadership include:<br />
<br />
* Vocational Training Courses for handloom and handicrafts<br />
* Swadhar Shelter Home with helpline services<br />
* Working Women Hostel with Day Care Centre<br />
* Ashram for Working Children in Chandel District<br />
* Training for Self-Help Groups and micro-loan facilities through SBI<br />
* Campaigns against human trafficking<br />
* Agasti Cultural Academy and Agasti Creative Bal Bhavan<br />
* Environmental projects on medicinal plants<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /><br />
<br />
== Social involvements ==<br />
<br />
Oinam has held various positions in social and voluntary organisations, including:<br />
<br />
* President, Association for Paona Memorial Arts Rural Development Services (1994–1996)<br />
* Member, District Peace Committee (1994–1999)<br />
* Member, South Asian Fraternity (1996–2000)<br />
* Chairperson, District Child Welfare Committee, Thoubal (from 2007)<br />
* Service Provider under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (from 2008)<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
She is also an honorary Animal Welfare Officer with the All India Animal Welfare Board and a regular speaker for [[All India Radio]], Imphal.<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
== Awards and recognitions ==<br />
<br />
Oinam has received numerous awards for her work in youth development and social service:<br />
<br />
* Devala Award (1992–93) – Government of Manipur<ref name=":4" /><br />
* National Youth Award (1994) – Presented by the President of India<ref name=":4" /><br />
* Governor's Gold Medal (1996) – Government of Manipur<ref name=":4" /><br />
* Duke of Edinburgh International Award (1996)<ref name=":4" /><br />
* UNDP Youth Volunteers Against Poverty Award (2000)<ref name=":4" /><br />
* Best Voluntary Award (2004–05) – Government of Manipur<ref name=":4" /><br />
* Prof. Yeshwantrao Kelkar Yuva Puraskar (2008) – ABVP and Vidyarthi Nidhi<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indira to donate her cash award to orphans, students : 31st jan09 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=30..310109.jan09|access-date=2025-11-08|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><br />
* Stree Udhyami Award (2016) – for contribution to women empowerment<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indira Oinam Women Achiever Award at Guwahati 20160327|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.Top_Stories.Top_Stories_2016.Indira_Oinam_Women_Achiever_Award_at_Guwahati_20160327|access-date=2025-11-08|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=3 Manipuri Women awarded at Stree Udyamita Samman 2016 20160308|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.Top_Stories.Top_Stories_2016.3_Manipuri_Women_awarded_at_Stree_Udyamita_Samman_2016_20160308|access-date=2025-11-08|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Political career ==<br />
=== Entry into politics ===<br />
<br />
Driven by her interest in social service, Oinam joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). She contested the 2012 Manipur Assembly Election against Chief Minister [[Okram Ibobi Singh]] from the Thoubal constituency but lost by a narrow margin. Despite the defeat, her campaign helped strengthen BJP's presence in Manipur.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite news|date=2014-02-19|title=Indira Oinam protests non-inclusion in list for BJP ticket|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/indira-oinam-protests-noninclusion-in-list-for-bjp-ticket/article5705984.ece|access-date=2025-11-08|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Woe Womaniya|language=en|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/woe-womaniya/cid/1315169|access-date=2025-11-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indira rolls up sleeves to face CM in Thoubal AC : 10th oct11 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=16..101011.oct11|access-date=2025-11-08|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== 2016 protest and party ticket issue ===<br />
<br />
In May 2016, Oinam's supporters protested at the BJP office in Imphal after her name was not included in the list of candidates for the Inner Manipur Lok Sabha seat. Her supporters demanded the resignation of state party president Chaoba Thounaojam, alleging bias. Oinam claimed that her contributions, including her efforts during Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to Imphal, had been overlooked.<ref name=":5" /><br />
<br />
=== Joining the Indian National Congress ===<br />
<br />
In 2017, Oinam left the BJP over the issue of ticket distribution.<ref name=":7" /> She joined the Indian National Congress along with around 7,000 supporters. She was appointed as the spokesperson of the Manipur Pradesh Congress Committee by State Congress president T. N. Haokip. Chief Minister Okram Ibobi Singh welcomed her into the party.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Congress: Indira Oinam appointed Congress spokesperson - The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/indira-oinam-appointed-congress-spokesperson/articleshow/57203316.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2025-11-08|website=m.economictimes.com}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Manipur: Indira Oinam appointed Congress spokesperson|url=https://zeenews.india.com/north-east/manipur-indira-oinam-appointed-congress-spokesperson_1978283.html|access-date=2025-11-08|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2017-02-17|title=Indira Oinam appointed Congress spokesperson|url=https://statetimes.in/indira-oinam-appointed-congress-spokesperson/|access-date=2025-11-08|website=Statetimes|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":6" /><br />
<br />
Oinam stated that she joined Congress because of its inclusive principles and her belief that the party would continue to form the government in Manipur.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" /><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Oinam family]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oinam, Indira}}<br />
[[Category:Meitei people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Manipur]]<br />
[[Category:Indian politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Manipur]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party controversies]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Women educators]]<br />
[[Category:Indian activists]]<br />
[[Category:1975 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saghar_Nizami&diff=531775Saghar Nizami2026-04-30T00:47:14Z<p>Pruthviraj: starting a entry nd citations</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Urdu poet and writer (1905–1983)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Saghar Nizami <br />
| birth_name = Samad Yar Khan<br />
| birth_date = 21 December 1905<br />
| birth_place = [[Aligarh]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], [[British India]]<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|1983|||1905|12|21}}<br />
| death_place = [[Delhi]], [[India]]<br />
| other_names = Samad Yar Khan<br />
| known_for = ''[[Nazm]]''s and ''[[ghazal]]''s<br />
| occupation = [[Journalist]], poet<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Saghar Nizami''' (1905–1983),<ref>{{cite web |title=Urdu Authors |publisher=National Council for Promotion of Urdu language, Govt. of India, Ministry of Human Resources Development |url=http://www.urducouncil.nic.in/urdu_wrld/u_auth/index_s.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315114535/http://www.urducouncil.nic.in/urdu_wrld/u_auth/index_s.htm |archivedate=2012-03-15|accessdate=4 May 2019}}</ref> also known as '''Samad Yar Khan,''' was an Indian poet, including writer of ''[[ghazal]]''s and ''[[nazm]]''s in [[Urdu]].<br />
<br />
He was one of the earliest disciples of [[Seemab Akbarabadi]] (1882–1951) and was a recipient of the third-highest Indian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 1969, for his contributions to literature.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | accessdate=3 January 2016 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Saghar Nizami was born in [[Aligarh]] on 21 December 1905. His father, Sardar Ahmed Yar Khan, was a medical doctor in the service of the [[British government of India]].<ref name="urduacademy">{{cite book |title= Biswin Sadi ke Shoara e Delhi Vol. 2 |year=2005 |isbn=8171211364 |page=642 |publisher= [[Urdu Academy]] |location=Delhi}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Literary career==<br />
From 1923 to 1932, he edited ''Paimana'', a monthly magazine published by his teacher in [[Agra]].<br />
<br />
In 1933, Nizami shifted to [[Meerut]] and founded Adabi Markaz, a publishing house which, in its very first year of operation, introduced [[Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi]] to the Urdu literary world by publishing ''Tullu'' (''Dawn''), the latter's first collection of poems. Years later, Yusuf Hussain, editor of ''Nairang e Khayal'' was to class Nizami, [[Ahsan Danish]], and [[Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi]] as the three bright stars (of Urdu poetry) of the modern era.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sani, M.A., Ph.D., Dr. Zarina |year=1979|title=Budha Darakhat|page=140|quote=" is waqt teen shair hain. ek ahsan danish, doosra saghar nizami, teesra zia fatehabadi. saghar, danish aur zia jadeed daur ke darakhshan sitare hain, in mein zia ko kaii baton mein tawafuq aur maqbooliyat haasil hai "- Yusuf Hussain, Editor, ''Nairang e Khayal''.|ol=24596004M}}</ref><br />
<br />
During his lifetime, he published six collections of ''ghazal''s and ''nazm''s: ''Subuhi'' (1934), ''Badah e mashriq'' (1934), ''Kahkashaan'' (1934), ''Rangmahal'' (1943), ''Mauj e saahil'' (1949) and ''Nehrunama'' (1967).<ref name="urduacademy" /> His collected works, ''Kuliat e Saghar Nizami'', were published in three volumes by [[Modern Publishing House]], Delhi, between 1999 and 2001.<br />
<br />
An appraisal of Nizami's works, life and personality, titled ''Saghar Nizami&nbsp;— Fan aur shakhsiyat ma'a kalam'' and written by Zamir Ali Khan, was published in 1985; this book also contains his selected ''ghazal''s and ''nazm''s. In his article titled ''Two Anarkalis: Saghar Nizami's Dream Drama and the Deconstruction of the Parsi Theatre'', Afroz Taj compares Nizami's play ''Anarkali'' to the earlier play of the same name by [[Imtiyaz Ali Taj]].<ref>{{cite journal |first=Afroz |last=Taj |title=Two Anarkalis: Saghar Nizami's Dream Drama and the Deconstruction of the Parsi Theatre |journal= [[Southeast Review of Asian Studies]] |volume=32 |year=2010 |pages=177–92 |issn=1083-074X |url=http://www.uky.edu/Centers/Asia/SECAAS/Seras/2010/21_Taj.pdf}}</ref><br />
<br />
Just as [[Kundan Lal Saigal]] had done for [[Seemab Akbarabadi]] so did [[Master Madan]] (1923–1942)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://khankhana.net/master_madan.aspx |title=The King of Music (Master Madan)|publisher=Village of Khankhana |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317091348/http://khankhana.net/master_madan.aspx |archivedate=2012-03-17|accessdate=4 May 2019}}</ref> by singing ''Yoon na reh reh kar hamen tersaaiye'' and ''Hairat se tak raha hai jahan e wafa mujhe'', the two ''ghazal''s written by Saghar Nizami, made Saghar Nizami well known; the music for these ''ghazal''s was composed by Pandit [[Amar Nath|Amarnath]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/2001/12/31/op.htm |title=The Boy with the Golden Voice: Private View | no-pp=yes|page= (scroll down to third column) |first=Khalid |last=Hasan |date=2001-12-31 |newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |accessdate=4 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012020438/http://archives.dawn.com/2001/12/31/op.htm |archivedate=2012-10-12}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Bibliography===<br />
* ''Subuhi'' (1934)<br />
* ''Badah e Mashriq'' (1934)<br />
* ''Kahkashaan'' (1934)<br />
* ''Rangmahal'' (1943)<br />
* ''Mauj e saahil'' (1949)<br />
* ''Nehrunama'' (1967)<br />
<br />
===Honors===<br />
Nizami was a recipient of the [[Padma Bhushan]] Award (1969) and the [[Ghalib Award]] (1982).<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1960–69}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nizami, Saghar}}<br />
[[Category:1905 births]]<br />
[[Category:1983 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century pseudonymous writers]]<br />
[[Category:Book publishing company founders]]<br />
[[Category:Ghazals]]<br />
[[Category:Indian company founders]]<br />
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male poets]]<br />
[[Category:Indian publishers (people)]]<br />
[[Category:Journalists from Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Journalists from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Muslim poets]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Agra]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Aligarh]]<br />
[[Category:People from Meerut]]<br />
[[Category:Poets from Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]<br />
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male journalists]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=V._D._Chitale&diff=543040V. D. Chitale2026-04-23T08:31:22Z<p>Pruthviraj: starting the info added tags</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician (1906–1961)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = V.D. Chitale<br />
| birth_name = Vishnu Damodar Chitale<br />
| party = [[Communist Party of India]]<br />
| birth_date = 4 January 1906<br />
| death_date = 1961<br />
| office = Member of the [[Bombay Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency = [[Kasba Peth (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kasba Peth]]<br />
| term_start = 1957<br />
| term_end = 1962<br />
| succeeded = Baburao Narayanrao Sanas<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Vishnu Damodar Chitale''' (1906–1961) was an Indian freedom fighter, nationalist and prominent leader of the [[Communist Party of India]] in [[Poona]] city.<ref name="Sirsikar1965"/> He was a staunch opponent of British imperialism in India. He was also a [[Sanskrit]] scholar.<ref name="Congress1964">{{cite book|author=Communist Party of India. Congress|title=Proceedings of the ... Congress of the Communist Party of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lNQHAAAAMAAJ|year=1964|publisher=The Party|page=210}}</ref><br />
<br />
Chitale was born on 4 January 1906.<ref name="Congress1965">{{cite book|author=Library of Congress|title=Subject Catalog|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dOVhT-afmeUC|year=1965|publisher=The Library|page=167}}</ref> Better known as 'Bhai Chitale', he completed his B.A. in 1929 from Pune. He could not complete his Masters of Law degree; as he focused his attention on national movements. He participated in the freedom struggle orchestrated by the Congress and came into contact with Marxist literature. He become a member of the Communist Party but continued to participate in the Congress movements. He gave priority to the work of the interest of farmers and labourers. He took an active part in the [[Salt Satyagraha]]. He was also elected a member of the All India Congress Committee.<ref name="CharitKosh2009">{{cite book|author=Leeladhar Sharma 'Parvatiya'|title=Bharitya Charit Kosh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=80nQTsxE5tEC|year=2009|publisher=Shiksha Bharti, Madrasa Road, Kashmere Gate, Delhi|page=801|isbn=9788174831002}}</ref><br />
At the 1940 Ramgarh session of the Indian National Congress, Chitale and fellow communist delegate [[K.M. Ashraf]] proposed an amendment to the main resolution, calling for 'immediate launching of the struggle' for independence and rejecting any compromise with British rule.<ref name="Windmiller2011vdc">{{cite book|author=Marshall Windmiller|title=Communism in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PAFBW743Bi4C&pg=PA182|year=2011|publisher=University of California Press|pages=182–|id=GGKEY:NSY99CAKNFU}}</ref><br />
<br />
Chitale led the third 1955 [[satyagrah]] to [[Goa]], leading a thousand volunteers in a march to demand integration of Portuguese-controlled Goa with India.<ref name="Lawrence1963">{{cite book|author=Leo Lawrence|title=Nehru Seizes Goa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TixuAAAAMAAJ|year=1963|publisher=Pageant Press|page=74}}</ref><ref name="Narayan2012">{{cite book|author=Rajan Narayan|title=Sampoorna Swaraj: The Story of Goa's Liberation Struggle, 1928-1961|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Ep6hO3WYgAC|year=2012|publisher=Directorate of Art and Culture, Government of Goa|page=51|isbn=9788192027135}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Current Events|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_sdkcan5dJoC|date=July 1960|page=58}}</ref><ref name="Patil2002"/> Portuguese military forces opened fire, injuring Chitale among many others.<ref name="Patil2002">{{cite book|author=Pandurang Ganapati Patil|title=The Bountiful Banyan: A Biography of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-oOcAAAAMAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Macmillan India|isbn=978-0-333-93689-4|page=48}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Goa Today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=arjoAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Goa Publications|page=13}}</ref><br />
<br />
Chitale was elected to the [[Bombay Legislative Assembly]] in the 1957 election, from the [[Kasba Peth (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kasba Peth constituency]].<ref name="Broadcasting1957">{{cite book|author=India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting|title=India, a Reference Annual|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zUXVAAAAMAAJ|year=1957|publisher=Research and Reference Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|page=596}}</ref> He was part of the [[Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti]] bloc in the Legislative Assembly.<ref name="Sirsikar1965">{{cite book|author=V. M. Sirsikar|title=Political Behaviour in India: A Case Study of the 1962 General Elections|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IUgmAAAAMAAJ|year=1965|publisher=Manaktalas|pages=51, 117}}</ref> He died in 1961.<ref name="Congress1965"/><ref name="Sirsikar1965"/><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chitale, Vishnu}}<br />
[[Category:1906 births]]<br />
[[Category:1961 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Goa liberation activists]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canada_at_the_2010_Commonwealth_Games&diff=492848Canada at the 2010 Commonwealth Games2026-04-21T20:16:14Z<p>Pruthviraj: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{infobox country at games<br />
| CGA = CAN<br />
| CGAname = [[Commonwealth Games Canada]]<br />
| games = Commonwealth Games<br />
| year = 2010<br />
| flagcaption = <br />
| oldcode = <br />
| website = {{URL|commonwealthgames.ca }}<br />
| location = [[Delhi]], India<br />
| competitors = 251<ref name="commonwealthgames.ca">{{cite web |title=TEAM CANADA Commonwealth Games Canada |url=https://www.commonwealthgames.ca/team-canada/games/index.html |website=www.commonwealthgames.ca |access-date=2018-12-29 |archive-date=2018-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229075704/https://www.commonwealthgames.ca/team-canada/games/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| sports = 15<br />
| flagbearer = Opening:Ken Pereira<ref name="cgcan_flagbearer">{{cite web|url=http://www.commonwealthgames.ca/Corporate/index_e.aspx?articleId=2081 |title=Canada's Flag Bearer for 2010 Commonwealth Games "an inspired choice" |publisher=Commonwealth Games Canada |date=2010-09-18 |access-date=2010-10-05 }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <br />Closing:<br />
| rank = 4<br />
| gold = 26<br />
| silver = 17<br />
| bronze = 33<br />
| officials = <br />
| app_begin_year = <br />
| app_end_year = <br />
| seealso = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Canada''' competed in the '''[[2010 Commonwealth Games]]''' which were held in [[Delhi]], India from October 3–14, 2010. Canada competed in 15 out of 17 sports with the exceptions being netball (team did not qualify) and tennis (scheduling conflicts).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/tennis/article669322.ece |title=Will Somdev be seeded No. 1 in CWG? |work=The Hindu |date=September 15, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-05 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/tennis-the-essentials-1.890223 |title=Tennis: The Essentials |publisher=CBC |date=September 14, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-05 |archive-date=2010-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922025123/http://www.cbc.ca/commonwealthgames/story/2010/09/14/spc-sport-tennis.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Canada's team consisted of 251 athletes, which was a decrease of 3 from the 2006 games. However, the events at these games were much more than they were in 2006. Several athletes withdrew due to safety concerns, including medal contenders [[Priscilla Lopes-Schliep]], [[Perdita Felician]] and [[Dietmar Trillus]]. Ken Pereira, Captain of the Men's field hockey team, was named the flag bearer on September 18, 2010, becoming the first Indo-Canadian and field hockey player to receive the honour.<ref name="cgcan_flagbearer" /><br />
<br />
==Medalists==<br />
{{Col-begin}}<br />
| style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"|<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Medal<br />
! style="width:350px;"| Name<br />
! Sport<br />
! Event<br />
! Date<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Ryan|Cochrane|Ryan Cochrane (swimmer)}} || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 400 metre freestyle|Men's 400&nbsp;m freestyle]] || October&nbsp;4<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Marilou|Dozois-Prevost}} || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 53 kg|Women's 53&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;5<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Marie-Pier|Boudreau Gagnon}} || [[Synchronized swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Synchronised swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's solo|Women's solo]] || October&nbsp;7<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Marie-Pier|Boudreau Gagnon}} and [[Chloé Isaac]] || [[Synchronized swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Synchronized swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's duet|Women's duet]] || October&nbsp;7<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Brent|Hayden}} || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre freestyle|Men's 100&nbsp;m freestyle]] || October&nbsp;7<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Sultana|Frizell}} || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's hammer throw|Women's hammer throw]] || October&nbsp;7<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Kyle|Pettey}} || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games#Men's para-sport|Men's shot put F32/34/52]] || October&nbsp;7<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Dylan|Armstrong}} || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's shot put|Men's shot put]] || October&nbsp;7<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Carol|Huynh}} || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 48 kg|Women's 48&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;7<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Justine|Bouchard}} || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 63 kg|Women's 63&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;7<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Ohenewa|Akuffo}} || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 72 kg|Women's 72&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;7<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Christine|Girard}} || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 69 kg|Women's 69&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;8<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Diane|Roy}} || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games#Women's para-sport|Women's 1500m T54]] || October&nbsp;8<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Jamie|Adjetey-Nelson}} || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's decathlon|Men's decathlon]] || October&nbsp;8<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Brent|Hayden}} || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre freestyle|Men's 50&nbsp;m freestyle]] || October&nbsp;9<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Ryan|Cochrane|Ryan Cochrane (swimmer)}} || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1500 metre freestyle|Men's 1500&nbsp;m freestyle]] || October&nbsp;9<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Benoît|Huot}} || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre freestyle S10|Men's 100m Freestyle S10]] || October&nbsp;9<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Alice|Falaiye}} || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's long jump|Women's long jump]] || October&nbsp;10<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Nicole|Forrester}} || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's high jump|Women's high jump]] || October&nbsp;10<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Alex|Despatie}} || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1 metre springboard|Men's 1&nbsp;m springboard]] || October&nbsp;10<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Jennifer|Abel}} and [[Emilie Heymans]] || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 3 m synchro springboard|Women's synchronised 3&nbsp;m springboard]] || October&nbsp;10<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Arjan|Bhullar}} || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 120 kg|Men's freestyle 120&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;10<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Alex|Despatie}} || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 3 metre springboard|Men's 3&nbsp;m springboard]] || October&nbsp;11<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Jennifer|Abel}} || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 1 metre springboard|Women's 1&nbsp;m springboard]] || October&nbsp;12<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Alex|Despatie}} and {{Sortname|Reuben|Ross}} || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 3 m synchro springboard|Men's synchronised 3&nbsp;m springboard]] || October&nbsp;12<br />
|-<br />
| {{Gold medal}} || {{Sortname|Tara|Whitten}} || [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Cycling]] || [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's road time trial|Women's road time trials]] || October&nbsp;13<br />
|-<br />
| {{Silver medal}} || {{Sortname|Jack|Bond|Jack Bond (wrestler)}} || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 66 kg|Men's Greco-Roman 66&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;6<br />
|-<br />
| {{Silver medal}} || Canada<br /><small>[[Camille Bouffard-Demers]], [[Doris Jones (archer)|Doris Jones]], and [[Ashley Wallace]]t</small> || [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Archery]] || [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's compound team|Women's team compound]] || October&nbsp;7<br />
|-<br />
| {{Silver medal}} || {{Sortname|Tonya|Verbeek}} || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 59 kg|Women's 48&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;8<br />
|-<br />
| {{Silver medal}} || {{Sortname|Anderson|Loran}} || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Gymnastics]] || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's horizontal bar|Men's horizontal bar]] || October&nbsp;8<br />
|-<br />
| {{Silver medal}} || {{Sortname|Megan|Buydens}} || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 67 kg|Women's 67&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;8<br />
|-<br />
| {{Silver medal}} || {{Sortname|Audrey|Lacroix}} || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre butterfly|Women's 200&nbsp;m butterfly]] || October&nbsp;9<br />
|-<br />
| {{Silver medal}} || {{Sortname|Doris|Jones|dab= archer}} || [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Archery]] || [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's compound individual|Women's individual compound]] || October&nbsp;9<br />
|-<br />
| {{Silver medal}} || {{Sortname|Marie-Eve|Beauchemin-Nadeau}} || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 75 kg|Women's 75&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;9<br />
|-<br />
| {{Silver medal}} || {{Sortname|James|Mancini}} || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 60 kg|Men's 60&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;9<br />
|-<br />
| {{Silver medal}} || {{Sortname|Korey|Jarvis}} || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 96 kg|Men's 96&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;9<br />
|-<br />
| {{Silver medal}} || {{Sortname|Jessica|Zelinka}} || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's heptathlon|Women's heptathlon]] || October&nbsp;9<br />
|-<br />
| {{Silver medal}} || {{Sortname|Jason|Lyon}} || [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Archery]] || [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's recurve individual|Men's recurve individual]] || October&nbsp;10<br />
|-<br />
| {{Silver medal}} || {{Sortname|Reuben|Ross}} || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 3 metre springboard|Men's 3&nbsp;m springboard]] || October&nbsp;11<br />
|-<br />
| {{Silver medal}} || {{Sortname|Angela|Whyte}} || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metres hurdles|Women's 100&nbsp;m hurdles]] || October&nbsp;11<br />
|-<br />
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Jason Hughes Caswell]] and [[Richard McBride (sport shooter)|Richard McBride]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's skeet pairs|Men's skeet pairs]] || October&nbsp;11<br />
|-<br />
| {{Silver medal}} || [[Jennifer Abel]] || [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 3 metre springboard|Women's 3&nbsp;m springboard]] || October&nbsp;13<br />
|-<br />
| {{Silver medal}} || Canada || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Gymnastics]] || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's rhythmic team all-around|Women's Rhythmic Team All-Around]] || October&nbsp;14<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Julia|Wilkinson}} || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre individual medley|Women's 200&nbsp;m individual medley]] || October&nbsp;4<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Stefan|Hirniak}} || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre butterfly|Men's 200&nbsp;m butterfly]] || October&nbsp;4<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || Canada<br /><small>[[Jason Scott (gymnast)|Jason Scott]], [[Robert Watson (gymnast)|Robert Watson]], [[Tariq Dowers]], [[Anderson Loran]], and [[Ian Galvan]]</small> || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Gymnastics]] || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's artistic team all-around|Men's team]] || October&nbsp;4<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || Canada<br /><small>[[Gabby May]], [[Cynthia Lemieux-Guillemette]], [[Kristin Klarenbach]], [[Emma Willis (gymnast)|Emma Willis]], and [[Catherine Dion]]</small> || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Gymnastics]] || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's artistic team all-around|Women's artistic team]] || October&nbsp;5<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Eric|Fuenekes}} || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 96 kg|Men's Greco-Roman 96&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;5<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Julia|Wilkinson}} || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre backstroke|100&nbsp;m Backstroke]] || October&nbsp;6<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Tara|Whitten}} || [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Cycling]] || [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's team sprint|Team Sprint]] || October&nbsp;6<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Monique Sullivan]] and {{Sortname|Tara|Whitten}} || [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Cycling]] || [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's team sprint|Team Sprint]] || October&nbsp;6<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Promise|Mwenga}} || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 55 kg|Men's Greco-Roman 55&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;6<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Gabby May]] || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Gymnastics]] || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's vault|Women's vault]] || October&nbsp;7<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Cynthia Lemieux-Guillemette]] || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Gymnastics]] || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's uneven bars|Women's uneven bars]] || October&nbsp;7<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || Canada<br /><small> {{Sortname| Marie-Pier|Beaudet}}, {{Sortname|Alana|Macdougall}} and {{Sortname|Kateri|Vrakking}}</small> || [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Archery]] || [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's recurve team|Women's team recurve]] || October&nbsp;8<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Tabia|Charles}} || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's triple jump|Women's triple jump]] || October&nbsp;8<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Tara|Whitten}} || [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games#Track|Cycling]] || [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's individual pursuit|Women's individual pursuit]] || October&nbsp;8<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Zach|Bell}} || [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games#Track|Cycling]] || [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Scratch|Men's 20&nbsp;km Scratch Race]] || October&nbsp;8<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Ian|Galvan}} || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Gymnastics]] || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's vault|Men's vault]] || October&nbsp;8<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Cynthia Lemieux-Guillemette]] || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Gymnastics]] || [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's balance beam|Women's balance beam]] || October&nbsp;8<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname| Cynthia|Meyer|dab=sport shooter}} and {{Sortname|Susan|Nattrass}} || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's trap pairs|Women's trap pairs]] || October&nbsp;8<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Mathieu|Marineau}} || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 85 kg|Men's 85&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;8<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Jessica|Macdonald}} || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 51 kg|Women's 51&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;8<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || Canada<br /><small>[[Julia Wilkinson]], [[Annamay Pierse]], [[Audrey Lacroix]], and [[Victoria Poon]]</small> || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|Women's 4 × 100&nbsp;m medley]] || October&nbsp;9<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Evan|MacDonald }} || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 74 kg|Men's freestyle 74&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;9<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Tabia|Charles}} || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's long jump|Women's long jump]] || October&nbsp;10<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Chris|Prickett}} || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 66 kg|Men's freestyle 66&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;10<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Josh|Cassidy}} || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games#Men's para-sport|Men's 1500&nbsp;m T-54 wheelchair]] || October&nbsp;10<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Adrienne|Power}} || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metres|Women's 200&nbsp;m]] || October&nbsp;11<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Diane|Cummins}} || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 800 metres|Women's 800&nbsp;m]] || October&nbsp;11<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|George|Kobaladze}} || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's +105 kg|Men's +105&nbsp;kg]] || October&nbsp;11<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || [[Dorothy Ludwig]] and [[Lynda Hare]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10 metre air pistol pairs|Women's 10&nbsp;m air pistol pairs]] || October&nbsp;12<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Emilie|Heymans}} || [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 1 metre springboard|Women's 1&nbsp;m springboard]] || October&nbsp;12<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Carly|Dockendorf}} || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's pole vault|Women's pole vault]] || October&nbsp;12<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || {{Sortname|Kelsie|Hendry}} || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's pole vault|Women's pole vault]] || October&nbsp;12<br />
|-<br />
| {{Bronze medal}} || Canada<br /><small>[[Amonn Nelson]], [[Adrienne Power]], [[Vicki Tolton]] and [[Carline Muir]]</small> || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|Women's 4 x 400&nbsp;m relay]] || October&nbsp;11<br />
|}<br />
| style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"|<br />
{{Clear}}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right;"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=5 | '''Medals by sport'''<br />
|- align=center<br />
| '''Sport'''<br />
! style="background:#f7f6a8;"|[[File:Gold medal icon.svg|alt=gold|link=]]<br />
! style="background:#dce5e5;"|[[File:Silver medal icon.svg|alt=silver|link=]]<br />
! style="background:#ffdab9;"|[[File:Bronze medal icon.svg|alt=bronze|link=]]<br />
! '''Total'''<br />
|- align=center<br />
| align=left | [[Aquatics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]] || style="background:#f7f6a8;"|12 || style="background:#dce5e5;"|3 || style="background:#ffdab9;"|5 || 20<br />
|- align=center<br />
| align=left | [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] || style="background:#f7f6a8;"|7 || style="background:#dce5e5;"|2 || style="background:#ffdab9;"|8 || 17<br />
|- align=center<br />
| align=left | [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]] || style="background:#f7f6a8;"|4 || style="background:#dce5e5;"|5 || style="background:#ffdab9;"|5 || 14<br />
|- align=center<br />
| align=left | [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]] || style="background:#f7f6a8;"|2 || style="background:#dce5e5;"|1 || style="background:#ffdab9;"|2 || 5<br />
|- align=center<br />
| align=left | [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Cycling]] || style="background:#f7f6a8;"|1 || style="background:#dce5e5;"|0 || style="background:#ffdab9;"|4 || 5<br />
|- align=center<br />
| align=left | [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Archery]] || style="background:#f7f6a8;"|0 || style="background:#dce5e5;"|3 || style="background:#ffdab9;"|1 || 4<br />
|- align=center<br />
| align=left | [[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Gymnastics]] || style="background:#f7f6a8;"|0 || style="background:#dce5e5;"|2 || style="background:#ffdab9;"|6 || 8<br />
|- align=center<br />
| align=left | [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Shooting]] || style="background:#f7f6a8;"|0 || style="background:#dce5e5;"|1 || style="background:#ffdab9;"|2 || 3<br />
|}<br />
{{Col-end}}<br />
[[File:Dylan-armstrong.jpg |thumb| [[Dylan Armstrong]] won the men's shot put ]]<br />
<br />
==Archery==<br />
{{Main|Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
Canada sent 10 archers to the 2010 commonwealth games.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/12-archers-to-compete-for-canada-at-commonwealth-games-1.934512 |title=12 archers to compete for Canada at Commonwealth Games |publisher=CBC |date=2010-07-06 |access-date=2010-10-05 |archive-date=2010-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709023523/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/amateur/story/2010/07/06/sp-archery-commonwealth.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Kevin Tataryn and Dietmar Trillus on September 22, 2010, withdrew, due to safety concerns. The replacements Nathan Cameron and Michael Schleppe were announced on September 24, 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/replacement-archers-added-to-canada-s-commonwealth-team-1.972639 |title=Replacement archers added to Canada's Commonwealth team |publisher=CBC |date=2010-09-24 |access-date=2010-10-05 |archive-date=2010-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928042618/http://www.cbc.ca/commonwealthgames/story/2010/09/24/sp-commonwealth-canada-archers.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
'''Men'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! colspan="2" | Ranking Round<br />
! Round of 32<br />
! Round of 16<br />
! Quarterfinals<br />
! Semifinals<br />
! Final<br />
! rowspan="2" | Rank<br />
|-<br />
! Score<br />
! Seed<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
|-<br />
| [[Crispin Duenas]]<br />
| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's recurve individual|Recurve individual]]<br />
| align=center | 663<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lakmal Rajasinghe]] ([[India at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|IND]])<br />'''W''' 4-2<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matthew Gray (archer)|Matthew Gray]] ([[Australia at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|AUS]])<br />'''L''' 0-4<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jason Lyon]]<br />
| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's recurve individual|Recurve individual]]<br />
| align=center | 674<br />
| align=center | 3<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{flagicon|MRI}} [[Jean Babet]] ([[Mauritius at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|MRI]])<br />'''W''' 4-0<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[James Laing (archer)|James Laing]] ([[Scotland at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|SCO]])<br />'''W''' 4-2<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Larry Godfrey]] ([[England at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|ENG]])<br />'''W''' 7-3<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jayanta Talukdar]] ([[India at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|IND]])<br />'''W''' 6-0<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rahul Banerjee (archer)|Rahul Banerjee]] ([[India at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|IND]])<br />'''L''' 6-5<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{Silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hugh MacDonald (archer)|Hugh MacDonald]]<br />
| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's recurve individual|Recurve individual]]<br />
| align=center | 631<br />
| align=center | 22<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Alan Wills (archer)|Wills]] (ENG)<br />'''L''' 0-4<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nathan Cameron (archer)|Nathan Cameron]]<br />
| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's compound individual|Compound individual]]<br />
| align=center | 684<br />
| align=center | 23<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|{{flagicon|AUS}} Robert Timms ([[Australia at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|AUS]])<br />'''L''' 4-0<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Andrew Fagan (archer)|Andrew Fagan]]<br />
| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's compound individual|Compound individual]]<br />
| align=center | 699<br />
| align=center | 7<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{flagicon|TRI}} [[George Vire]] ([[Trinidad and Tobago at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|TRI]])<br />'''W''' 4-0<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|{{flagicon|AUS}} Robert Timms ([[Australia at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|AUS]])<br />'''L''' 2-4<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
|-<br />
| [[Michael Schleppe]]<br />
| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's compound individual|Compound individual]]<br />
| align=center | 696<br />
| align=center | 11<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Kyle Dods]] ([[Scotland at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|SCO]])<br />'''W''' 4-2<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Shaun Teasdale]] ([[New Zealand at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|NZL]])<br />'''W''' 4-2<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
|-<br />
| [[Crispin Duenas]] <br /> [[Jason Lyon]] <br /> [[Hugh MacDonald (archer)|Hugh MacDonald]]<br />
| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's recurve team|Team recurve]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|{{flagCGF|AUS|2010}}<br />216-218<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nathan Cameron (archer)|Nathan Cameron]], <br /> [[Andrew Fagan (archer)|Andrew Fagan]], <br /> [[Michael Schleppe]]<br />
| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's compound team|Team compound]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|{{flagCGF|MAS|2010}}<br />225-230<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Women'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! colspan="2" | Ranking Round<br />
! Round of 32<br />
! Round of 16<br />
! Quarterfinals<br />
! Semifinals<br />
! Final<br />
! rowspan="2" | Rank<br />
|-<br />
! Score<br />
! Seed<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
|-<br />
| [[Marie-Pier Beaudet]]<br />
| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's recurve individual|Recurve individual]]<br />
| align=center | 574<br />
| align=center | 20<br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Alana MacDougall]]<br />
| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's recurve individual|Recurve individual]]<br />
| align=center | 614<br />
| align=center | 10<br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kateri Vrakking]]<br />
| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's recurve individual|Recurve individual]]<br />
| align=center | 598<br />
| align=center | 14<br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Camille Bouffard-Demers]]<br />
| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's compound individual|Compound individual]]<br />
| align=center | 681<br />
| align=center | 9<br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Doris Jones (archer)|Doris Jones]]<br />
| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's compound individual|Compound individual]]<br />
| align=center | 698<br />
| align=center | 1<br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| align=center | {{Silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ashley Wallace]]<br />
| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's compound individual|Compound individual]]<br />
| align=center | 686<br />
| align=center | 7<br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Marie-Pier Beaudet]], <br /> [[Alana MacDougall]], <br /> [[Kateri Vrakking]]<br />
| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's recurve team|Team recurve]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{flagCGF|AUS|2010}}<br />205-201<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|{{flagCGF|ENG|2010}}<br />200-208<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{flagCGF|MAS|2010}}<br />202-192<br />
| align=center | {{Bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Camille Bouffard-Demers]], <br /> [[Doris Jones (archer)|Doris Jones]], <br /> [[Ashley Wallace]]<br />
| [[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's compound team|Team compound]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{flagCGF|WAL|2010}}<br />223-222<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{flagCGF|IND|2010}}<br />224-217<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|{{flagCGF|ENG|2010}}<br />228-232<br />
| align=center | {{Silver02}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Athletics==<br />
{{Main|Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
Canada sent a team of 40 athletes to the 2010 Commonwealth Games <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/armstrong-zelinka-top-commonwealth-athletics-team-1.895990 |title=Armstrong, Zelinka top Commonwealth athletics team |publisher=CBC Sports |date=August 4, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-05 |archive-date=2010-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906095559/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/amateur/story/2010/08/04/sp-athletics-canada-commonwealth.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
;Men<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete(s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Events<br />
! colspan="2" | Round 1<br />
! colspan="2" | Round 2<br />
! colspan="2" | Semifinal<br />
! colspan="2" | Final<br />
|-<br />
! Result<br />
! Rank<br />
! Result<br />
! Rank<br />
! Result<br />
! Rank<br />
! Result<br />
! Rank<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Jared Connaughton]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metres|100 m]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
|-<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metres|200 m]]<br />
| align=center | 20.97<br />
| align=center | 1<br />
| align=center | 20.60<br />
| align=center | 1<br />
| align=center | 20.65<br />
| align=center | 4<br />
| align=center | 20.62<br />
| align=center | 4<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sam Effah]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metres|100 m]]<br />
| align=center | 10.28<br />
| align=center | 4<br />
| align=center | 10.15<br />
| align=center | 3<br />
| align=center | 10.16<br />
| align=center | 4<br />
| align=center | 10.37<br />
| align=center | 7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Taylor Milne]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1500 metres|1500 m]]<br />
| align=center | 3:49.53<br />
| align=center | 20<br />
| colspan="6" style="background:wheat;"|DNQ<br />
|-<br />
| [[Josh Cassidy]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1500 metres (T54)|T54 1500 m]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | 3:21.14<br />
| align=center | {{Bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jean-Paul Compaore]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1500 metres (T54)|T54 1500 m]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | 3:21.45<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bryan Barnett]]<br />[[Jared Connaughton]]<br />[[Sam Effah]]<br />[[Hank Palmer]]<br />[[Oluseyi Smith]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 metre relay]]<br />
| align=center | 38.45<br />
| align=center | 1<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | DSQ<br />
|-<br />
| [[Evan Dunfee]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 20 kilometres walk|20 km walk]]<br />
| colspan="6" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 1:28:13<br />
| align=center | 6<br />
|-<br />
| [[Inaki Gomez]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 20 kilometres walk|20 km walk]]<br />
| colspan="6" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 1:27:09<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Michael Mason (athlete)|Michael Mason]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's high jump|High jump]]<br />
| align=center | 2.16m<br />
| align=center | T-1<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 2.20m<br />
| align=center | 7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jason Wurster]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's pole vault|Pole vault]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 5.25<br />
| align=center | 7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dylan Armstrong]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's shot put|Shot put]]<br />
| align=center | 20.01m<br />
| align=center | 1<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 21.02m<br />
| align=center | {{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kyle Pettey]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's shot put (F32/34/52)|F34 shot put]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 11.44<br />
| align=center | {{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jamie Adjetey-Nelson]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's decathlon|Decathlon]]<br />
| colspan="6" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 8070<br />
| align=center | {{Gold01}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Decathlon'''<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's decathlon|Decathlon]]<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! colspan="3" | [[Jamie Adjetey-Nelson]]<br />
|-<br />
! Results<br />
! Points<br />
! Rank<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="10"|<br />
| 100 m<br />
| align=center | 10.87<br />
| align=center | 890<br />
| align=center | 1<br />
|-<br />
| Long jump<br />
| align=center | 7.37m<br />
| align=center | 903<br />
| align=center | 2<br />
|-<br />
| Shot put<br />
| align=center | 15.0m<br />
| align=center | 790<br />
| align=center | 1<br />
|-<br />
| High jump<br />
| align=center | 2.02m<br />
| align=center | 822<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
|-<br />
| 400 m<br />
| align=center | 49.61<br />
| align=center | 833<br />
| align=center | 4<br />
|-<br />
| 110 m hurdles<br />
| align=center | 14.76<br />
| align=center | 879<br />
| align=center | 2<br />
|-<br />
| Discus throw<br />
| align=center | 45.21m<br />
| align=center | 771<br />
| align=center | 2<br />
|-<br />
| Pole vault<br />
| align=center | 4.70m<br />
| align=center | 819<br />
| align=center | 3<br />
|-<br />
| Javelin throw<br />
| align=center | 61.32m<br />
| align=center | 758<br />
| align=center | 3<br />
|-<br />
| 1500 m<br />
| align=center | 4:52.23<br />
| align=center | 605<br />
| align=center | 8<br />
|-<br />
| '''Final'''<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 8070<br />
| align=center | {{Gold01}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
;Women<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete(s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Events<br />
! colspan="2" | Round 1<br />
! colspan="2" | Round 2<br />
! colspan="2" | Semifinal<br />
! colspan="2" | Final<br />
|-<br />
! Result<br />
! Rank<br />
! Result<br />
! Rank<br />
! Result<br />
! Rank<br />
! Result<br />
! Rank<br />
|-<br />
| [[Leah Robinson (athlete)|Leah Robinson]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metres (T37)|T37 100 m]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | 15.27<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Megan Muscat]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metres (T37)|T37 100 m]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | 15.73<br />
| align=center | 7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Angela Whyte]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100m hurdles]]<br />
| align=center | 13.09<br />
| align=center | 2<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | 12.98<br />
| align=center | {{Silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Adrienne Power]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metres|200 m]]<br />
| align=center | 23.67<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | 23.59<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
| align=center | 23.52<br />
| align=center | {{Bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Carline Muir]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 400 metres|400 m]]<br />
| align=center | 52.21<br />
| align=center | 4<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 52.55<br />
| align=center | 6<br />
| align=center | 52:43<br />
| align=center | 7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Amonn Nelson]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 400 metres|400 m]]<br />
| align=center | 54.26<br />
| align=center | 16<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 53.33<br />
| align=center | 13<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
|-<br />
| [[Diane Cummins]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 800 metres|800m]]<br />
| align=center | 2:02.25<br />
| align=center | 3<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | 2:00.13<br />
| align=center | {{Bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nicole Edwards]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 1500 metres|1500m]]<br />
| align=center | 4:13.90<br />
| align=center | 12<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 4:08.16<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hilary Stellingwerff]] <!-- Is this correct? Yes it is she is Canadian --><br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 1500 metres|1500m]]<br />
| align=center | 4:13.01<br />
| align=center | 8<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 4:12.87<br />
| align=center | 11<br />
|-<br />
| [[Diane Roy]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 1500 metres (T54)|T54 1500 m]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | 3:53.95<br />
| align=center | {{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Megan Wright]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 5000 metres|5000m]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | 16:55.86<br />
| align=center | 8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ruky Abdulai]]<br />[[Diane Cummins]]<br />[[Carline Muir]]<br />[[Amonn Nelson]]<br />[[Adrienne Power]]<br />[[Vicki Tolton]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|4 × 400 metre relay]]<br />
| align=center | 3:33.42<br />
| align=center | 3<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 3:30.20<br />
| align=center | {{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ruky Abdulai]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's long jump|Long jump]]<br />
| align=center | 6.46m<br />
| align=center | 2<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 6.13m<br />
| align=center | 10<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Tabia Charles]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's long jump|Long jump]]<br />
| align=center | 6.29m<br />
| align=center | 7<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 6.44<br />
| align=center | {{Bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's triple jump|Triple jump]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 13.84m<br />
| align=center | {{Bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Alice Falaiye]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's long jump|Long jump]]<br />
| align=center | 6.32m<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 6.50<br />
| align=center | {{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Carly Dockendorf]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's pole vault|Pole vault]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 4.25m<br />
| align=center | {{Bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gabriella Duclos-Lasnier]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's pole vault|Pole vault]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 4.10m<br />
| align=center | 8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kelsie Hendry]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's pole vault|Pole vault]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 4.25m<br />
| align=center | {{Bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jillian Drouin]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's high jump|High jump]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 1.78m<br />
| align=center | T-6<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nicole Forrester]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's high jump|High jump]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 1.91m<br />
| align=center | {{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sultana Frizell]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's hammer throw|Hammer throw]]<br />
| align=center | 63.46<br />
| align=center | 2<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 68.57<br />
| align=center | {{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Megann Rodhe]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's hammer throw|Hammer throw]]<br />
| align=center | 62.06<br />
| align=center | 4<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 62.36<br />
| align=center | 7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Crystal Smith (athlete)|Crystal Smith]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's hammer throw|Hammer throw]]<br />
| align=center | 60.94<br />
| align=center | 6<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 59.65<br />
| align=center | 11<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jessica Zelinka]]<br />
| [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's heptathlon|Heptathlon]]<br />
| colspan="6" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 6100<br />
| align=center | {{Silver02}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Heptathlon'''<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's heptathlon|Heptathlon]]<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! colspan="3" | [[Jessica Zelinka]]<br />
|-<br />
! Results<br />
! Points<br />
! Rank<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" | <br />
| 100 m hurdles<br />
| align=center | 13.19<br />
| align=center | 1096<br />
| align=center | 1<br />
|-<br />
| High jump<br />
| align=center | 1.69m<br />
| align=center | 842<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
|-<br />
| Shot put<br />
| align=center | 13.30m<br />
| align=center | 747<br />
| align=center | 2<br />
|-<br />
| 200 m<br />
| align=center | 24.08<br />
| align=center | 973<br />
| align=center | 1<br />
|-<br />
| Long jump<br />
| align=center | 6.01<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | 2<br />
|-<br />
| Javelin throw<br />
| align=center | 41.68<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | 3<br />
|-<br />
| 800 m<br />
| align=center | 2:15.26<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | 1<br />
|-<br />
| '''Final'''<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 6100<br />
| align=center | {{Silver02}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Badminton==<br />
{{Main|Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
Canada's Badminton will consist of 11 athletes for the 2010 Commonwealth Games .<ref>{{cite news |last=Campigotto |first=Jesse |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/armstrong-zelinka-top-commonwealth-athletics-team-1.895990 |title=Armstrong, Zelinka top Commonwealth athletics team |publisher=Cbc.ca |date=2010-08-04 |access-date=2011-04-01 |archive-date=2010-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906095559/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/amateur/story/2010/08/04/sp-athletics-canada-commonwealth.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Joseph Rogers (badminton)|Joseph Rogers]] and [[Milaine Cloutier]] will also attend as alternates. On September 28, 2010, Alvin Lau withdrew due to educational commitments.<ref name="cbc.ca">{{cite news |last=Campigotto |first=Jesse |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/2-more-canadians-pull-out-of-delhi-games-1.906630 |title=2 more Canadians pull out of Delhi Games |publisher=Cbc.ca |date=2010-09-28 |access-date=2011-04-01 |archive-date=2010-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101001223056/http://www.cbc.ca/commonwealthgames/story/2010/09/28/spc-commonwealth-befeito-lau.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
'''Men'''<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! Round of 64<br />
! Round of 32<br />
! Round of 16<br />
! Quarterfinals<br />
! Semifinals<br />
! Final<br />
|-<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
|-<br />
| [[David Snider (badminton)|David Snider]]<br />
| [[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Singles]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|Rasheed | MDV|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Muhammad Hafiz Hashim|Hashim]] | MAS|2010}}<br />0-2<br />
| colspan=4 | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Alexander Pang]]<br />
| [[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Singles]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Abraham Wogute|Wogute]] | UGA|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Lee Chong Wei|Lee]] | MAS|2010}}<br />0-2<br />
| colspan=4 | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Toby Ng]] <br /> [[Jon Vandervet]]<br />
| [[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's doubles|Doubles]]<br />
| style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Dinuka Karunaratne|Karunaratne]] <br /> and [[Niluka Karunaratne|Karunaratne]] | SRI|2010}}<br />2-1<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Anthony Clark (badminton)|Clark]] <br /> and [[Nathan Robertson|Robertson]] | ENG|2010}}<br />0-2<br />
| colspan=3 | <br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Women'''<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! Round of 64<br />
! Round of 32<br />
! Round of 16<br />
! Quarterfinals<br />
! Semifinals<br />
! Final<br />
|-<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
|-<br />
| [[Anna Rice]]<br />
| [[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Singles]]<br />
| align=center | bye<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Alexandra Bruce|Bruce]] | CAN|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|Lloyd | GUE|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Saina Nehwal|Nehwal]] | IND|2010}}<br />0-2<br />
| colspan=2 | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Michelle Li]]<br />
| [[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Singles]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Alya Lewis|Lewis]] | JAM|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Sinead Chambers|Chambers]] | NIR|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Xing Aiying|Xing]] | SIN|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Elizabeth Cann|Cann]] | ENG|2010}}<br />1-2<br />
| colspan=2 | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Joycelyn Ko]]<br />
| [[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Singles]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Kimberley Clague|Clague]] | IOM|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Xing Aiying|Xing]] | SIN|2010}}<br />0-2<br />
| colspan=4 | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Alexandra Bruce|Alex Bruce]]<br />
| [[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Singles]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Margaret Nankabirwa|Nankabirwa]] | UGA|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Anna Rice|Rice]] | CAN|2010}}<br />0-2<br />
| colspan=4 | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Michelle Li]] <br /> [[Alexandra Bruce|Alex Bruce]]<br />
| [[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|Doubles]]<br />
| style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Susan Ideh|Ideh]] <br /> and [[Maria Braimoh|Braimah]] | NGR|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Jenny Wallwork|Wallwork]] <br /> and [[Gabrielle White|White]] | ENG|2010}}<br />0-2<br />
| colspan=3 | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Grace Gao (badminton)|Grace Gao]] <br /> [[Joycelyn Ko]]<br />
| [[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|Doubles]]<br />
| style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Caroline Harvey (badminton)|Harvey]] <br /> and [[Carissa Turner|Turner]] | WAL|2010}}<br />2-1<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[He Tian Tang|Tang]] <br /> and [[Kate Wilson-Smith|Wilson-Smith]] | AUS|2010}}<br />0-2<br />
| colspan=3 | <br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Mixed'''<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! Round of 64<br />
! Round of 32<br />
! Round of 16<br />
! Quarterfinals<br />
! Semifinals<br />
! Final<br />
|-<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
|-<br />
| [[Toby Ng]] <br /> [[Grace Gao (badminton)|Grace Gao]]<br />
| [[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Mixed doubles|Mixed doubles]]<br />
| align=center | bye<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Martyn Lewis (badminton)|Lewis]] <br /> and [[Sarah Thomas (badminton)|Thomas]] | WAL|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Koo Kien Keat|Koo]] <br /> and [[Chin Eei Hui|Chin]] | MAS|2010}}<br />0-2<br />
| colspan=3 | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Alexander Pang]] <br /> [[Michelle Li]]<br />
| [[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Mixed doubles|Mixed doubles]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Daniel Aryee|Aryee]] <br /> and [[Theresa Tetteh|Tetteh]] | GHA|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Watson Briggs|Briggs]] <br /> and [[Imogen Bankier|Bankier]] | SCO|2010}}<br />0-2<br />
| colspan=4 | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Jon Vandervet]] <br /> [[Alexandra Bruce|Alex Bruce]]<br />
| [[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Mixed doubles|Mixed doubles]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Stephan Beeharry|Beeharry]] <br /> and [[Shama Aboobakar|Aboobakar]] | MRI|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Shinta Mulia Sari|Sari]] <br /> and [[Hendra Wijaya (badminton)|Wijaya]] | SIN|2010}}<br />0-2<br />
| colspan=4 | <br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Mixed Team'''<br />
<br />
Canada was ranked 5th in the draw and drew #3 England, #10 Mauritius, #14 Uganda and tied for #20 (last place) The Falkland Islands. Placing 2nd behind England after the group rounds, Canada lost to India in the Quarterfinals.<br />
<br />
;Group C<br />
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! width=175 | Team<br />
! width=20 | Pts<br />
! width=20 | Pld<br />
! width=20 | W<br />
! width=20 | L<br />
! width=20 | GW<br />
! width=20 | GL<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|England}} || '''8''' || 4 || 4 || 0 || 38 || 3<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Canada}} || '''6''' || 4 || 3 || 1 || 33 || 8<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Mauritius}} || '''2''' || 4 || 2 || 2 || 18 || 23<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Uganda}} || '''2''' || 4 || 1 || 3 || 13 || 29<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left"|{{Bd|Falkland Islands}} || '''0''' || 4 || 0 || 4 || 1 || 40<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
|| October 4, 2010<br />
|-<br />
| style="width:150px; text-align:right;"|{{Bd|Canada}}<br />
| style="width:100px; text-align:center;"|'''5-0'''<br />
| width=150 | {{Bd|Uganda}}<br />
|-<br />
|| October 5, 2010<br />
|-<br />
| style="width:150px; text-align:right;"|{{Bd|Canada}}<br />
| style="width:100px; text-align:center;"|'''5-0'''<br />
| width=150 | {{Bd|Mauritius}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=2 | October 6, 2010<br />
|-<br />
| style="width:150px; text-align:right;"|{{Bd|Canada}}<br />
| style="width:100px; text-align:center;"|'''5-0'''<br />
| width=150 | {{Bd|Falkland Islands}}<br />
|-<br />
| align=right | {{Bd|England}}<br />
| style="width:100px; text-align:center;"|'''4-1'''<br />
| {{Bd|Canada}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
;Quarterfinals<br />
{| style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
|| October 7, 2010<br />
|-<br />
| style="width:150px; text-align:right;"|{{Bd|India}}<br />
| style="width:100px; text-align:center;"|'''3-0'''<br />
| width=150 | {{Bd|Canada}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Boxing==<br />
{{Main|Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
Canada sent a team of 5 boxers to the 2010 Commonwealth Games<ref>{{cite web |title=Commonwealth Games Foundation of Canada : Commonwealth Games Canada |url=https://www.commonwealthgames.ca/foundation/introduction.html?articleId=2019 |website=www.commonwealthgames.ca |access-date=2018-12-29 |archive-date=2018-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229075744/https://www.commonwealthgames.ca/foundation/introduction.html?articleId=2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> <br />
On October 1, 2010, it was announced that Colin Fish and Steve Rolls were removed from the team for missing a mandatory training camp.<ref name="commonwealthgames.ca"/><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! Round of 32<br />
! Round of 16<br />
! Quarterfinals<br />
! Semifinals<br />
! Final<br />
|-<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
|-<br />
| [[Alejandro Rynn]]<br />
| [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Lightweight|Lightweight]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Jean Colin (boxer)|J Colin]] | MRI|2010}}<br />7-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Mark O'Hara (boxer)|M O'Hara]] | NIR|2010}}<br />9-5<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Lomalito Moala|L Moala]] | TON|2010}}<br />2-4<br />
| colspan=2 | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Yves Ulysse Jr.]]<br />
| [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Light welterweight|Light Welterweight]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Abdur Rahim (boxer)|A Rahim]] | BAN|2010}}<br />6-1<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Fredrick Lawson|F Lawson]] | GHA|2010}}<br />5-4<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Bradley Saunders|B Saunders]] | ENG|2010}}<br />4-11<br />
| colspan=2 | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Custio Clayton]]<br />
| [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Welterweight|Welterweight]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Joseph Mwaisalenge|J. Mwaisalenge]] | TAN|2010}}<br />5-3<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Aston Brown|A Brown]] | SCO|2010}}<br />1-4<br />
| colspan=3 | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Samir El-Mais]]<br />
| [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Heavyweight|Heavyweight]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Kevin Evans (boxer)|K Evans]] | WAL|2010}}<br />11-2<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Duncan Lorenz|D Lorenz]] | SVG|2010}}<br />11-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Stephen Simmons (boxer)|S Simmons]] | SCO|2010}}<br />4-7<br />
| colspan=2 | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Didier Bence]]<br />
| [[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Super heavyweight|Super heavyweight]]<br />
| style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Joseph Parker (boxer)|J Parker]] | NZL|2010}}<br />7-14<br />
| colspan=3 | <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Cycling==<br />
{{Main|Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
Canada sent a team of 12 Cyclists to the 2010 Commonwealth Games.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canadiancyclist.com/dailynews.php?id=19672 |title=CCA Announces Team for 2010 Commonwealth Games |publisher=Canadian Cyclist |date=July 22, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-11 |archive-date=2011-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708113627/http://www.canadiancyclist.com/dailynews.php?id=19672 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
On October 1, 2010, Alison Testroete withdrew due to an injury.<ref name="commonwealthgames.ca" /><br />
<br />
=== Road===<br />
'''Men'''<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! Athlete<br />
! Event<br />
! Time<br />
! Rank<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Zach Bell]]<br />
| [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's road race|Road race]]<br />
| align=right | 3:52:42<br />
| align=center | 11<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's road time trial|Time trial]]<br />
| align=right | 50:35.42<br />
| align=center | 7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Amaud Papillon]]<br />
| [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's road race|Road race]]<br />
| align=right | 3:54:36<br />
| align=center | 22<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dominique Rollin]]<br />
| [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's road race|Road race]]<br />
| align=right | 3:50:10<br />
| align=center | 6<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Ryan Roth]]<br />
| [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's road race|Road race]]<br />
| align=right | 3:55:05<br />
| align=center | 25<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's road time trial|Time trial]]<br />
| align=right | 52:09.53<br />
| align=center | 10<br />
|-<br />
| [[Will Routley]]<br />
| [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's road race|Road race]]<br />
| align=right | 3:54:11<br />
| align=center | 19<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Women'''<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! Athlete<br />
! Event<br />
! Time<br />
! Rank<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | Julie Beveridge<br />
| [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's road race|Road race]]<br />
| align=right | 2:50:32<br />
| align=center | 36<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's road time trial|Time trial]]<br />
| align=right | 41:30.88<br />
| align=center | 13<br />
|-<br />
| [[Leah Kirchmann]]<br />
| [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's road race|Road race]]<br />
| align=right | 2:49:38<br />
| align=center | 22<br />
|-<br />
| [[Joëlle Numainville]]<br />
| [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's road race|Road race]]<br />
| align=right | 2:49:30<br />
| align=center | 6<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Tara Whitten]]<br />
| [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's road race|Road race]]<br />
| align=right | 2:49:30<br />
| align=center | 7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's road time trial|Time trial]]<br />
| align=right | 38:59.30<br />
| align=center | {{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Erinne Willock]]<br />
| [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's road time trial|Road race]]<br />
| align=right | 2:49:30<br />
| align=center | 13<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's road time trial|Time trial]]<br />
| align=right | 41:16.46<br />
| align=center | 11<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Track===<br />
'''Men'''<br />
* [[Zach Bell]] – Men's Points, Scratch<br />
* [[Travis Smith (cyclist)|Travis Smith]] – 1&nbsp;km Time Trial, Sprint, Keirin<br />
<br />
'''Women'''<br />
* [[Tara Whitten]] – Women's Individual Pursuit, Points, Scratch, Team Sprint<br />
* [[Monique Sullivan]] – 500m/1&nbsp;km Time Trial, Sprint, Team Sprint<br />
<br />
== Diving==<br />
{{Main|Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
Canada sent a team of 11 divers to the 2010 Commonwealth Games.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.diving.ca/english/html/news/2010/cwg01.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726231149/http://www.diving.ca/english/html/news/2010/cwg01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 26, 2011 |title=Diving Canada Announces Team to compete at the 2010 Commonwealth Games |publisher=Diving Canada |date=June 30, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-11 }}</ref> However, on September 15, 2010 [[Riley McCormick]] withdrew from the event with a back injury<!--, Canada diving has yet to confirm if a replacement was named-->.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/canada-s-mccormick-won-t-compete-in-delhi-1.882277 |title=Canada's McCormick won't compete in Delhi |publisher=CBC Sports |date=September 18, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-11 |archive-date=2010-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919102000/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/amateur/story/2010/09/15/sp-mccormick-injury.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On September 28, 2010, Meaghan Benfeito withdrew due to a lingering back injury, and was replaced with 17-year-old Rachel Kemp.<ref name="cbc.ca" /><br />
<br />
;Men<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Events<br />
! colspan="2" | Semifinal<br />
! colspan="2" | Final<br />
|-<br />
! Points<br />
! Rank<br />
! Points<br />
! Rank<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Alexandre Despatie]]<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1 metre springboard|1 m springboard]]<br />
| align=center | 416.10<br />
| align=center | 1<br />
| align=center | 468.15<br />
| align=center | {{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 3 metre springboard|3 m springboard]]<br />
| align=center | 485.15<br />
| align=center | 1<br />
| align=center | 513.75<br />
| align=center | {{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kevin Geyson]]<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 10 metre platform|10 m platform]]<br />
| align=center | 390.75<br />
| align=center | 7<br />
| align=center | 447.70<br />
| align=center | 4<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Reuben Ross]]<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1 metre springboard|1 m springboard]]<br />
| align=center | 366.30<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
| align=center | 385.70<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 3 metre springboard|3 m springboard]]<br />
| align=center | 430.55<br />
| align=center | 3<br />
| align=center | 457.15<br />
| align=center | {{Silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Eric Sehn]]<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1 metre springboard|1 m springboard]]<br />
| align=center | 330.50<br />
| align=center | 10<br />
| align=center | 348.95<br />
| align=center | 10<br />
|-<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 3 metre springboard|3 m springboard]]<br />
| align=center | 415.70<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
| align=center | 437.05<br />
| align=center | 4<br />
|-<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 10 metre platform|10 m platform]]<br />
| align=center | 395.25<br />
| align=center | 6<br />
| align=center | 419.90<br />
| align=center | 6<br />
|-<br />
| [[Alexandre Despatie]]<br /> [[Reuben Ross]]<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 3 m synchro springboard|3 m synchronized springboard]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | 430.35<br />
| align=center | {{Gold01}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
;Women<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Events<br />
! colspan="2" | Semifinal<br />
! colspan="2" | Final<br />
|-<br />
! Points<br />
! Rank<br />
! Points<br />
! Rank<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Jennifer Abel]]<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 1 metre springboard|1 m springboard]]<br />
| align=center | 274.70<br />
| align=center | 2<br />
| align=center | 301.75<br />
| align=center | {{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 3 metre springboard|3 m springboard]]<br />
| align=center | 347.25<br />
| align=center | 2<br />
| align=center | 338.55<br />
| align=center | {{Silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Roseline Filion]]<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10 metre platform|10 m platform]]<br />
| align=center | 322.60<br />
| align=center | 6<br />
| align=center | 353.05<br />
| align=center | 4<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Emilie Heymans]]<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 1 metre springboard|1 m springboard]]<br />
| align=center | 273.75<br />
| align=center | 3<br />
| align=center | 296.10<br />
| align=center | {{Bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 3 metre springboard|3 m springboard]]<br />
| align=center | 313.20<br />
| align=center | 4<br />
| align=center | 252.60<br />
| align=center | 9<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rachel Kemp]]<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10 metre platform|10 m platform]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Carol-Ann Ware]]<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10 metre platform|10 m platform]]<br />
| align=center | 298.55<br />
| align=center | 8<br />
| align=center | 345.40<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Pamela Ware]]<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 1 metre springboard|1 m springboard]]<br />
| align=center | 249.65<br />
| align=center | 8<br />
| align=center | 243.65<br />
| align=center | 9<br />
|-<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 3 metre springboard|3 m springboard]]<br />
| align=center | 263.25<br />
| align=center | 8<br />
| align=center | 299.05<br />
| align=center | 7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jennifer Abel]]<br /> [[Emilie Heymans]]<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 3 m synchro springboard|3 m synchronized springboard]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | 318.90<br />
| align=center | {{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Carol-Ann Ware]]<br /> [[Pamela Ware]]<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 3 m synchro springboard|3 m synchronized springboard]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | 311.34<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rachel Kemp]]<br /> [[Roseline Filion]]<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10 m synchro platform|10 m synchronized platform]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | 298.05<br />
| align=center | 8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Carol-Ann Ware]]<br /> [[Pamela Ware]]<br />
| [[Diving at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10 m synchro platform|10 m synchronized platform]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | 315.81<br />
| align=center | 6<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Gymnastics==<br />
{{Main|Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
Canada will send 13 gymnasts to the 2010 Commonwealth Games.<br />
<br />
===Artistic===<br />
;Men <ref name=cgcan_aug31>{{cite web |url=http://www.commonwealthgames.ca/Corporate/index_e.aspx?articleId=2052 |title=Gymnastics Canada Confirms Team for the Delhi 2010 Commonwealth Games |publisher=Commonwealth Games Canada |date=August 31, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-06 }}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
* [[Tariq Dowers]]<br />
* [[Ian Galvan]]<br />
* [[Anderson Loran]]<br />
* [[Robert Watson (gymnast)|Robert Watson]]<br />
* [[Jason Scott (gymnast)|Jason Scott]]<br />
<br />
;Women<br />
<ref name=cgcan_aug31 /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.winnipegsun.com/sports/othersports/2010/08/16/15045026.html |title=Heading for Delhi |publisher=Winnipeg Sun |date=August 16, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-06}}</ref><br />
* [[Gabby May]]<br />
* [[Catherine Dion]]<br />
* [[Kristin Klarenbach]]<br />
* [[Cynthia Lemieux-Guillemette]]<br />
* [[Emma Willis (gymnast)|Emma Willis]]<br />
<br />
=== Rhythmic===<br />
<ref name=cgcan_aug31 /><br />
* [[Mariam Chamilova]]<br />
* [[Demetra Mantcheva]]<br />
* [[Nerissa Mo]]<br />
<br />
== Field hockey==<br />
{{Main|Field hockey at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
Canada has qualified both a men's and women's field hockey team for the 2010 Commonwealth Games.<br />
<br />
===Men===<br />
The team.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fieldhockey.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=591&Itemid=35 |title=Canadian men's team announced for Commonwealth Games |publisher=Field Hockey Canada |date=August 17, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-06 |archive-date=2011-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719013753/http://www.fieldhockey.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=591&Itemid=35 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
{{col-begin}}<br />
{{col-2}}<br />
* [[Adam Froese]]<br />
* [[David Carter (field hockey)|David Carter]]<br />
* [[Matthew Guest]]<br />
* [[Richard Hildreth (field hockey)|Richard Hildreth]]<br />
* [[David Jameson (field hockey)|David Jameson]]<br />
* [[Antoni Kindler]]<br />
* [[Mark Pearson (field hockey)|Mark Pearson]]<br />
* [[Ken Pereira]]<br />
{{col-2}}<br />
* [[Rob Short]]<br />
* [[Iain Smythe]]<br />
* [[Hudson Stewart]]<br />
* [[Sukhwinder Singh (field hockey)|Sukhwinder Singh]]<br />
* [[Scott Tupper]]<br />
* [[Jesse Watson]]<br />
* [[Philip Wright (field hockey)|Philip Wright]]<br />
{{col-end}}<br />
<br />
Canada has been drawn into Group B with South Africa, England, Trinidad and Tobago and New Zealand.<br />
<br />
'''Pool B'''<br />
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! width=175 | Team<br />
! width=20 | Pts<br />
! width=20 | Pld<br />
! width=20 | W<br />
! width=20 | D<br />
! width=20 | L<br />
! width=20 | GF<br />
! width=20 | GA<br />
! width=20 | GD<br />
|- style="background:#cfc;"<br />
| align=left | {{fh|England}}<br />
| '''10''' || 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 12 || 5 || +7<br />
|- style="background:#cfc;"<br />
| align=left | {{fh|New Zealand}}<br />
| '''7''' || 4 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 15 || 9 || +6<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{fh|South Africa}}<br />
| '''6''' || 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 12 || 10 || +2<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{fh|Canada}}<br />
| '''5''' || 4 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 5 || 6 || –1<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{fh|Trinidad and Tobago}}<br />
| '''0''' || 4 || 0 || 0 || 4 || 4 || 18 || –14<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Match Schedule:<br />
<br />
{{fieldhockeybox|date=5 October 2010 |time=16:30 |team1={{fh-rt|Canada}} |score= 1-4 |team2={{fh|South Africa}} |goals1= |goals2= |umpires=|stadium = [[Dhyan Chand National Stadium]], [[New Delhi]]}}<br />
----<br />
{{fieldhockeybox|date=7 October 2010 |time=18:00 |team1={{fh-rt|England}} |score= 1-1 |team2={{fh|Canada}} |goals1= |goals2= |umpires=|stadium = Dhyan Chand National Stadium, New Delhi}}<br />
----<br />
{{fieldhockeybox|date=9 October 2010 |time=16:00 |team1={{fh-rt|Canada}} |score= 2-0|team2={{fh|Trinidad and Tobago}} |goals1= |goals2= |umpires=|stadium = Dhyan Chand National Stadium, New Delhi}}<br />
----<br />
{{fieldhockeybox|date=10 October 2010 |time=14:00 |team1={{fh-rt|New Zealand}} |score= 1-1|team2={{fh|Canada}} |goals1= |goals2= |umpires=|stadium = Dhyan Chand National Stadium, New Delhi}}<br />
<br />
===Women===<br />
The team.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fieldhockey.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=592&Itemid=35 |title=Canadian women's team announced for Commonwealth Games |publisher=Field Hockey Canada |date=August 17, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-06 |archive-date=2011-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719013834/http://www.fieldhockey.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=592&Itemid=35 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
{{col-begin}}<br />
{{col-2}}<br />
* [[Abigail Raye]]<br />
* [[Ali Lee (field hockey)|Ali Lee]]<br />
* [[Amanda Stone]]<br />
* [[Anna Kozniuk]]<br />
* [[Azelia Liu]]<br />
* [[Diana Roemer]]<br />
* [[Katherine Wright (field hockey)|Kate Gillis]]<br />
* [[Katie Baker]]<br />
{{col-2}}<br />
* [[Katie Collison]]<br />
* [[Kristine Wishart]]<br />
* [[Robyn Pendleton]]<br />
* [[Samantha Smith (field hockey)|Samantha Smith]]<br />
* [[Stephanie Jameson]]<br />
* [[Stephanie Nesbitt]]<br />
* [[Thea Culley]]<br />
* [[Tyla Flexman]]<br />
{{col-end}}<br />
<br />
Canada has been drawn into Group B with England, Wales, Malaysia and New Zealand.<br />
<br />
'''Pool B'''<br />
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! width=175 | Team<br />
! width=20 | Pts<br />
! width=20 | Pld<br />
! width=20 | W<br />
! width=20 | D<br />
! width=20 | L<br />
! width=20 | GF<br />
! width=20 | GA<br />
! width=20 | GD<br />
|- style="background:#cfc;"<br />
| align=left | {{fhw|New Zealand}}<br />
| '''12''' || 4 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 17 || 3 || +14<br />
|- style="background:#cfc;"<br />
| align=left | {{fhw|England}}<br />
| '''9''' || 4 || 3 || 0 || 1 || 12 || 6 || +6<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{fhw|Canada}}<br />
| '''3''' || 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 6 || 11 || –5<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{fhw|Wales}}<br />
| '''3''' || 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 5 || 12 || –7<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{fhw|Malaysia}}<br />
| '''3''' || 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 4 || 12 || –8<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Match Schedule:<br />
{{fieldhockeybox|date=4 October 2010 |time=16:00 |team1={{fhw-rt|Canada}} |score= 2-3 |team2={{fhw|Malaysia}} |goals1= |goals2= |umpires=|stadium = [[Dhyan Chand National Stadium]], [[New Delhi]]}}<br />
----<br />
{{fieldhockeybox|date=6 October 2010 |time=11:00 |team1={{fhw-rt|England}} |score= 4-1 |team2={{fhw|Canada}} |goals1= |goals2= |umpires=|stadium = Dhyan Chand National Stadium, New Delhi}}<br />
----<br />
{{fieldhockeybox|date=8 October 2010 |time=18:30 |team1={{fhw-rt|Canada}} |score= 2-1 |team2={{fhw|Wales}} |goals1= |goals2= |umpires=|stadium = Dhyan Chand National Stadium, New Delhi}}<br />
----<br />
{{fieldhockeybox|date=9 October 2010 |time=16:30 |team1={{fhw-rt|New Zealand}} |score= 3-1|team2={{fhw|Canada}} |goals1= |goals2= |umpires=|stadium = Dhyan Chand National Stadium, New Delhi}}<br />
<br />
==Lawn bowls==<br />
{{Main|Lawn bowls at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
Canada sent a team of 12 lawn bowlers to the 2010 Commonwealth Games <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.commonwealthgames.ca/Corporate/index_e.aspx?articleId=2018 |title=Lawn Bowls Athletes Selected to Team Canada for 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India |publisher=Commonwealth Games Canada |date=July 13, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-15 }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/team-canada-1.922670 |title=Team Canada roster |publisher=CBC |date=October 13, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-15 |archive-date=2010-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923133608/http://www.cbc.ca/commonwealthgames/story/2010/09/14/spc-canada-roster.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
;Men<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! width=150 | Event<br />
! width=150 | Player(s)<br />
! width=50 | Rank<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Lawn bowls at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Singles]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Ryan Bester]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|-<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Lawn bowls at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's pairs|Pairs]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Michel Larue]] <br /> [[Keith Roney]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|9th<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Lawn bowls at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's triples|Triples]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Hiren Bhartu]] <br /> [[Steve McKerihen]] <br /> [[Fred Wallbank]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|11th<br />
|}<br />
<br />
;Women<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! width=150 | Event<br />
! width=150 | Player(s)<br />
! width=50 | Rank<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Lawn bowls at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Singles]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Josephine Lee]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|-<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Lawn bowls at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's pairs|Pairs]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Amanda Berg]] <br /> [[Shirley Fitzpatrick-Wong]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|12th<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Lawn bowls at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's triples|Triples]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Erin Marie Roth]] <br /> [[Rachel Larson]] <br /> [[Harriette Pituley]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|13th<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Rugby sevens==<br />
{{Main|Rugby sevens at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
Canada rugby sevens' team consisted of 12 athletes and was announced on September 9.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/rugby-7s-team-set-for-commonwealth-games-1.876545 |title=Rugby 7s team set for Commonwealth Games |publisher=CBC Sports |date=September 16, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-11 |archive-date=2010-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915153129/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/amateur/story/2010/09/09/sp-commonwealth-rugby-sevens-canada.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Canada played Guyana, New Zealand and Scotland in the round robin but did not advance to the next round.<br />
{{col-begin}}<br />
{{col-2}}<br />
* [[Nanyak Dala]]<br />
* [[Thyssen de Goede]]<br />
* [[Sean Duke]]<br />
* [[Ciaran Hearn]]<br />
* [[Nathan Hirayama]]<br />
* [[Phil Mack]]<br />
{{col-2}}<br />
* [[Ian Shoults]]<br />
* [[Neil Meechan]]<br />
* [[Justin Mensah-Coker]]<br />
* [[John Moonlight]]<br />
* [[Taylor Paris]]<br />
* [[Conor Trainor]]<br />
{{col-end}}<br />
;Group A<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! width=175 |Team<br />
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Played"|Pld<br />
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Won"|W<br />
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Drawn"|D<br />
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Lost"|L<br />
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Points for"|PF<br />
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Points against"|PA<br />
! style="width:25px;" abbr="Points difference"|PD<br />
! style="width:20px;" abbr="Points"|Pts<br />
|- style="background:#cfc;"<br />
| align=left | {{Ru7|NZL}}<br />
| 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 141 || 7 || +134 || '''9'''<br />
|- style="background:#cfc;"<br />
| align=left | {{Ru7|SCO}}<br />
| 3 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 45 || 63 || -18 || '''7'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{Ru7|CAN}}<br />
| 3 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 71 || 62 || 9 || '''5'''<br />
|-<br />
| align=left | {{Ru7|GUY}}<br />
| 3 || 0 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 125 || -125 || '''3'''<br />
|}<br />
----<br />
{{rugbybox<br />
| date = 11 October 2010 <ref name=rubai_r7sched>{{cite web |url=http://www.rubaisport.com/cwg/?competition=477 |title=Schedule – Rugby 7s |publisher=RubaiSport.com |access-date=2010-10-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715212301/http://www.rubaisport.com/cwg/?competition=477 |archive-date=2011-07-15 }}</ref><br />
| time = 9:44<br />
| home = {{ru7-rt|CAN}}<br />
| score =7-43<br />
| away = {{ru7|NZL}}<br />
| stadium = [[Delhi University]], [[New Delhi]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{rugbybox<br />
| date = 11 October 2010 <ref name=rubai_r7sched /><br />
| time = 13:12<br />
| home = {{ru7-rt|CAN}}<br />
| score = 17-19<br />
| away = {{ru7|SCO}}<br />
| stadium = Delhi University, New Delhi<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{rugbybox<br />
| date = 11 October 2010 <ref name=rubai_r7sched /><br />
| time = 15:54<br />
| home = {{ru7-rt|CAN}}<br />
| score =47-0<br />
| away = {{ru7|GUY}}<br />
| stadium = Delhi University, New Delhi<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Shooting==<br />
{{Main|Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
Canada's shooting team was a B team.<ref>[http://www.sfc-ftc.ca/documents/Selection_Criteria_EN.pdf]{{dead link|date=April 2011}}</ref> Canada's shooting team was announced on August 25, 2010. The team consists of 16 shooters 4 less than in [[Melbourne]].<br />
<br />
'''Men'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! colspan="2" | Qualification<br />
! colspan="2" | Final<br />
|-<br />
! Score<br />
! Rank<br />
! Score<br />
! Rank<br />
|-<br />
| [[Richard McBride (sport shooter)|Richard McBride]]<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Skeet|Skeet]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jason Caswell]]<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Skeet|Skeet]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Drew Shaw]]<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's trap|Trap]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's double trap|Double trap]]<br />
| align=center | 133<br />
| align=center | 12<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Paul Shaw (sport shooter)|Paul Shaw]]<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's trap|Trap]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's double trap|Double trap]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Wynn Payne]]<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Prone Rifle|Prone Rifle]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[James Paton (sport shooter)|James Paton]]<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Fullbore Rifle|Fullbore Rifle]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Desmond Vamplew]]<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Fullbore Rifle|Fullbore Rifle]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Sylvain Ouellette]]<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 10 m air pistol|10 m air pistol]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50m Pistol|50m Pistol]]<br />
| align=center | 518-4x<br />
| align=center | 18<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Metodi Igorov]]<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Rapid Fire|Rapid Fire]]<br />
| align=center | 280-6x<br />
| align=center | 6<br />
| 564-12x<br />
| 5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Center Fire Pistol|Center Fire Pistol]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | [[Alan Markewicz]]<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 10 m air pistol|10 m air pistol]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50m Pistol|50m Pistol]]<br />
| align=center | 505-4x<br />
| align=center | 20<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Rapid Fire|Rapid Fire]]<br />
| align=center | 268-3x<br />
| align=center | 10<br />
| 527-3x<br />
| 11<br />
|-<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Center Fire Pistol|Center Fire Pistol]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Women'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! colspan="2" | Qualification<br />
! colspan="2" | Final<br />
|-<br />
! Score<br />
! Rank<br />
! Score<br />
! Rank<br />
|-<br />
| [[Susan Nattrass]]<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's Trap|Trap]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cynthia Meyer (sport shooter)|Cynthia Meyer]]<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's Trap|Trap]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lea Wachowich]]<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 25 m Pistol|25 m Pistol]]<br />
| align=center | 565-14x<br />
| align=center | 8<br />
| 757<br />
| 8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Patricia Boulay]]<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 25 m Pistol|25 m Pistol]]<br />
| align=center | 542-6x<br />
| align=center | 126<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dorothy Ludwig]]<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10 m air pistol|10 m air pistol]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lynda Hare]]<br />
| [[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10 m air pistol|10 m air pistol]]<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Squash==<br />
{{Main|Squash at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
Canada's squash team consisted of 7 athletes (3 male and 4 female).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.squash.ca/e/high_performance/athlete_info/documents/2010CommonwealthSelectionCriteria_000.pdf |title=2010 Commonwealth Games Eligibility and Selection Criteria |access-date=2010-08-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716081628/http://www.squash.ca/e/high_performance/athlete_info/documents/2010CommonwealthSelectionCriteria_000.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-16 }}</ref><br />
On October 1, 2010, Shahier Razik withdrew due to an injury, a replacement was not announced.<ref name="commonwealthgames.ca" /><br />
<br />
'''Men'''<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! Round of 64<br />
! Round of 32<br />
! Round of 16<br />
! Quarterfinals<br />
! Semifinals<br />
! Final<br />
|-<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
|-<br />
| [[Robin Clarke (squash player)|Robin Clarke]]<br />
| [[Squash at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Singles]]<br />
| align=center | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Othneil Bailey|O Bailey]] | SVG|2010}}<br />3-0<br />
| align=center | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Mohd Azlan Iskandar|M A Iskandar]] | MAS|2010}}<br />1-3<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Shawn Delierre]]<br />
| [[Squash at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Singles]]<br />
| align=center | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Henry Birch|H Birch]] | GUE|2010}}<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Andrew McDougall (squash player)|Andrew McDougall]]<br />
| [[Squash at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Singles]]<br />
| align=center | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Orumu Ofoyuru|O Ofoyuru]] | UGA|2010}}<br />3-0<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|}<br />
<br />
;Doubles<br />
<br />
;Pool 4<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center<br />
|-<br />
! width=20 | Rank<br />
! width=175 | Team<br />
! width=20 | Pts<br />
! width=20 | Pld<br />
! width=20 | W<br />
! width=20 | L<br />
! width=60 | PF<br />
! width=60 | PA<br />
|-<br />
| 1<br />
| align=left | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Ryan Cuskelly|Cuskelly]] – [[Cameron Pilley|Pilley]] | AUS|2010}}<br />
| '''0''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| 2<br />
| align=left | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Robin Clarke (squash player)|Clarke]] – [[Shawn Delierre|Delierre]] | CAN|2010}}<br />
| '''0''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| 3<br />
| align=left | {{flagCGFathlete|[[James Bentick|Bentick]] – [[Jules Snagg|Snagg]] | SVG|2010}}<br />
| '''0''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Women'''<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! Preliminary round<br />
! Round of 32<br />
! Round of 16<br />
! Quarterfinals<br />
! Semifinals<br />
! Final<br />
|-<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
|-<br />
| [[Samantha Cornett]]<br />
| [[Squash at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Singles]]<br />
| align=center | Bye<br />
| align=center | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Alison Waters|A Waters]] | ENG|2010}}<br />0-3<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Stephanie Edmison]]<br />
| [[Squash at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Singles]]<br />
| align=center | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Natalie Dodd (squash player)|N Dodd]] | GUE|2010}}<br />3-0<br />
| align=center | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Surbhi Misra|S Misra]] | IND|2010}}<br />3-0<br />
| align=center | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Alison Waters|A Waters]] | ENG|2010}}<br />0-3<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Alana Miller]]<br />
| [[Squash at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Singles]]<br />
| align=center | Bye<br />
| align=center | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Anwesha Reddy|A Reddy]] | IND|2010}}<br />3-0<br />
| align=center | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Laura Massaro|L Massaro]] | ENG|2010}}<br />0-3<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|-<br />
| [[Miranda Ranieri]]<br />
| [[Squash at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Singles]]<br />
| align=center | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Kate Cadigan|K Cadigan]] | JER|2010}}<br />3-0<br />
| align=center | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Kasey Brown|K Brown]] | AUS|2010}}<br />0-3<br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
| align=center | <br />
|}<br />
<br />
;Doubles<br />
<br />
;Pool 1<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center<br />
|-<br />
! width=20 | Rank<br />
! width=175 | Team<br />
! width=20 | Pts<br />
! width=20 | Pld<br />
! width=20 | W<br />
! width=20 | L<br />
! width=60 | PF<br />
! width=60 | PA<br />
|-<br />
| 1<br />
| align=left | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Kasey Brown|Brown]] – [[Donna Urquhart|Urquhart]] | AUS|2010}}<br />
| '''0''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| 2<br />
| align=left | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Tamsyn Leevey|Leevey]] – [[Kylie Lindsay|Lindsay]] | NZL|2010}}<br />
| '''0''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| 3<br />
| align=left | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Samantha Cornett|Cornett]] – [[Miranda Ranieri|Ranieri]] | CAN|2010}}<br />
| '''0''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| 4<br />
| align=left | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Kate Cadigan|Cadigan]] – [[Jeannine Cowie|Cowie]] | JER|2010}}<br />
| '''0''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0<br />
|}<br />
<br />
;Mixed<br />
<br />
;Pool 1<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center<br />
|-<br />
! width=20 | Rank<br />
! width=175 | Team<br />
! width=20 | Pts<br />
! width=20 | Pld<br />
! width=20 | W<br />
! width=20 | L<br />
! width=60 | PF<br />
! width=60 | PA<br />
|-<br />
| 1<br />
| align=left | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Kasey Brown|Brown]] – [[Cameron Pilley|Pilley]] | AUS|2010}}<br />
| '''0''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| 2<br />
| align=left | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Sharon Wee|Wee]] – [[Ivan Yuen|Yuen]] | MAS|2010}}<br />
| '''0''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| 3<br />
| align=left | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Samantha Cornett|Cornett]] – [[Robin Clarke (squash player)|Clarke]] | CAN|2010}}<br />
| '''0''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| 4<br />
| align=left | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Kerrie Sample|Sample]] – [[Colin Ramasra|Ramasra]] | TRI|2010}}<br />
| '''0''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0<br />
|}<br />
<br />
;Pool 3<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center<br />
|-<br />
! width=20 | Rank<br />
! width=195 | Team<br />
! width=20 | Pts<br />
! width=20 | Pld<br />
! width=20 | W<br />
! width=20 | L<br />
! width=60 | PF<br />
! width=60 | PA<br />
|-<br />
| 1<br />
| align=left | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Nicol David|David]] – [[Ong Beng Hee|Hee]] | MAS|2010}}<br />
| '''0''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| 2<br />
| align=left | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Harry Leitch|Leitch]] – [[Lisa Aitken|Aitken]] | SCO|2010}}<br />
| '''0''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| 3<br />
| align=left | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Stephanie Edmison|Edminson]] – [[Andrew McDougall (squash player)|McDougall]] | CAN|2010}}<br />
| '''0''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| 4<br />
| align=left | {{flagCGFathlete|[[Khaaliqa Nimji|Nimji]] – [[Hardeep Reel|Reel]] | KEN|2010}}<br />
| '''0''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Swimming==<br />
{{Main|Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
Canada's swimming team will consist of 27 swimmers. The Relay teams was announced the day prior to competition.<ref>{{cite news |author=CBC Sports |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/team-canada-1.922670 |title=Team Canada |publisher=Cbc.ca |date=2010-10-13 |access-date=2011-04-01 |archive-date=2010-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923133608/http://www.cbc.ca/commonwealthgames/story/2010/09/14/spc-canada-roster.html#ixzz0zukd3I2G |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
;Men<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! colspan="2" | Heats<br />
! colspan="2" | Semifinals<br />
! colspan="2" | Final<br />
|-<br />
! Time<br />
! Rank<br />
! Time<br />
! Rank<br />
! Time<br />
! Rank<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Brent Hayden]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre freestyle|50&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 22.25<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|1<br />
| align=center | 22.18<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|2<br />
| align=center | 22.01<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre freestyle|100&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 49.79<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|2<br />
| align=center | 48.74<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|2<br />
| align=center | 47.98<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Richard Hortness]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre freestyle|50&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 23.20<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|13<br />
| align=center | 23.33<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|14<br />
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre freestyle|100&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 50.85<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|14<br />
| align=center | 50.91<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|14<br />
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Benoit Huot]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre freestyle S10|100&nbsp;m freestyle S10]]<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 53.70<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | [[Blake Worsley]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre freestyle|50&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 24.17<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|21<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre freestyle|100&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 51.70<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|18<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre freestyle|200&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 1:50.50<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|13<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 400 metre freestyle|400&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 3:54.82<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|12<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" | [[Tobias Oriwol]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre freestyle|200&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 1:51.91<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|17<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre backstroke|50&nbsp;m backstroke]]<br />
| align=center | 26.62<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|7<br />
| align=center | 26:56<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|9<br />
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre backstroke|100&nbsp;m backstroke]]<br />
| align=center | 57.15<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|11<br />
| align=center | 55.76<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|10<br />
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre backstroke|200&nbsp;m backstroke]]<br />
| align=center | 1:59.79<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|3<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 2:00.24<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre individual medley|200&nbsp;m medley]]<br />
| align=center | 2:02.97<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|7<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 2:03.09<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Stefan Hirniak]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre freestyle|200&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 1:49.11<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 1:48.65<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre butterfly|100&nbsp;m butterfly]]<br />
| align=center | 54.51<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|7<br />
| align=center | 53.85<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
| align=center | 53.83<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre butterfly|200&nbsp;m butterfly]]<br />
| align=center | 1:57.01<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|1<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 1:57.26<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{Bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Ryan Cochrane (swimmer)|Ryan Cochrane]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 400 metre freestyle|400&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 3:50.70<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|1<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 3:48.48<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1500 metre freestyle|1500&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 15:33.60<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|3<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 15:01.49<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Sean Penhale]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 400 metre freestyle|400&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 4:01.00<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|15<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1500 metre freestyle|1500&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 15:56.88<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 15:39.39<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|7<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Charles Francis (swimmer)|Charles Francis]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre backstroke|50&nbsp;m backstroke]]<br />
| align=center | 26.04<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
| align=center | 26.20<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
| align=center | 25.87<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre backstroke|100&nbsp;m backstroke]]<br />
| align=center | 56.06<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
| align=center | 55.88<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|11<br />
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre backstroke|200&nbsp;m backstroke]]<br />
| align=center | 1:59.67<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|2<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 2:00.07<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|5<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Scott Dickens]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre breaststroke|50&nbsp;m breaststroke]]<br />
| align=center | 28.96<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
| align=center | 28.35<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
| align=center | 28.07<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre breaststroke|100&nbsp;m breaststroke]]<br />
| align=center | 1:02.47<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 1:00.98<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre breaststroke|200&nbsp;m breaststroke]]<br />
| align=center | 2:15.42<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|9<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Andrew Ford (swimmer)|Andrew Ford]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre individual medley|200&nbsp;m medley]]<br />
| align=center | 2:03.65<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|11<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 400 metre individual medley|400&nbsp;m medley]]<br />
| align=center | 4:23.87<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|9<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Brian Johns]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre individual medley|200&nbsp;m medley]]<br />
| align=center | 2:03.91<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|13<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 400 metre individual medley|400&nbsp;m medley]]<br />
| align=center | 4:23.64<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 4:19.77<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
|}<br />
<br />
;Men's Relays<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:150px;"|Event<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:150px;"|Swimmer(s)<br />
! colspan="2" style="width:150px;"|Heats<br />
! colspan="2" style="width:150px;"|Semi Finals<br />
! colspan="2" style="width:150px;"|Final<br />
|-<br />
! style="line-height:1em; width:100px;"|<small>Result</small><br />
! style="line-height:1em; width:50px;"|<small>Rank</small><br />
! style="line-height:1em; width:100px;"|<small>Result</small><br />
! style="line-height:1em; width:50px;"|<small>Rank</small><br />
! style="line-height:1em; width:100px;"|<small>Result</small><br />
! style="line-height:1em; width:50px;"|<small>Rank</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|Men's 4 × 100&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| [[Brent Hayden]]<br />[[Stefan Hirniak]]<br />[[Richard Hortness]]<br />[[Brian Johns]]<br />[[Tobias Oriwol]]<br />[[Blake Worsley]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3:22.01<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|4<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3:17.99<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|4<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" style="height:1px;"|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|Men's 4 × 200&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| [[Ryan Cochrane (swimmer)|Ryan Cochrane]]<br />[[Robert Hortness]]<br />[[Robert Ford (swimmer)|Robert Ford]]<br />[[Brent Hayden]]<br />[[Stefan Hirniak]]<br />[[Blake Worsley]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|7:37.29<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|1<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|7:14.63<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|4<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" style="height:1px;"|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|Men's 4 × 100&nbsp;m medley]]<br />
| [[Scott Dickens]]<br />[[Robert Ford (swimmer)|Robert Ford]]<br />[[Brent Hayden]]<br />[[Stefan Hirniak]]<br />[[Tobias Oriwol]]<br />[[Blake Worsley]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3:49.89<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3:37.61<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|4<br />
|}<br />
<br />
;Women<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! colspan="2" | Heats<br />
! colspan="2" | Semifinals<br />
! colspan="2" | Final<br />
|-<br />
! Time<br />
! Rank<br />
! Time<br />
! Rank<br />
! Time<br />
! Rank<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Victoria Poon]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 50 metre freestyle|50&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 25.60<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|5<br />
| align=center | 25.26<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|4<br />
| align=center | 25.13<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|4<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre freestyle|100&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 55.61<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
| align=center | 54.80<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|2<br />
| align=center | 55:04<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Katarina Roxon]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 50 metre freestyle S9|50&nbsp;m freestyle S9]]<br />
| align=center | 31.57<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|5<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 34.37<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre freestyle S9|100&nbsp;m freestyle S9]]<br />
| align=center | 1:09.94<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|5<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 1:09.03<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|5<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Genevieve Saumur]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre freestyle|100&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 56.00<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
| align=center | 55.86<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|9<br />
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre freestyle|200&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 1:59.97<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|7<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 1:58.50<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|4<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Erica Morningstar]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre freestyle|100&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 56.51<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|10<br />
| align=center | 56.44<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|13<br />
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre breaststroke|100&nbsp;m breaststroke]]<br />
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Start<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre individual medley|200&nbsp;m medley]]<br />
| align=center | 2:16.80<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 2:15.41<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|7<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Barbara Jardin]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre freestyle|200&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 2:00.32<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 2:00.76<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 400 metre freestyle|400&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 4:18.80<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|11<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Alexa Komarnycky]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 400 metre freestyle|400&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 4:10.48<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|2<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 4:11.57<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 800 metre freestyle|800&nbsp;m freestyle]]<br />
| align=center | 8:36.71<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|9<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 400 metre individual medley|400&nbsp;m medley]]<br />
| align=center | 4:48.94<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|7<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 4:47.69<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|7<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Lauren Lavigna]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 50 metre backstroke|50&nbsp;m backstroke]]<br />
| align=center | 30.17<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|11<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Start<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre backstroke|100&nbsp;m backstroke]]<br />
| align=center | 1:02.58<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|12<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre backstroke|200&nbsp;m backstroke]]<br />
| align=center | 2:13.71<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|10<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | [[Sinead Russell]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 50 metre backstroke|50&nbsp;m backstroke]]<br />
| align=center | 29.21<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
| align=center | 29.09<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
| align=center | 29.14<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre backstroke|100&nbsp;m backstroke]]<br />
| align=center | 1:04.49<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|4<br />
| align=center | 1:01.07<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|7<br />
| align=center | 1:01.42<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre backstroke|200&nbsp;m backstroke]]<br />
| align=center | 2:13.23<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|9<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre individual medley|200&nbsp;m medley]]<br />
| align=center | 2:18.09<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|10<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Julia Wilkinson]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 50 metre backstroke|50&nbsp;m backstroke]]<br />
| align=center | 29.04<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|4<br />
| align=center | 28.65<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|5<br />
| align=center | 28.76<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre backstroke|100&nbsp;m backstroke]]<br />
| align=center | 1:01.71<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|10<br />
| align=center | 1:00.82<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|4<br />
| align=center | 1:00.74<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{Bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre individual medley|200&nbsp;m medley]]<br />
| align=center | 2:14.52<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|4<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 2:12.09<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{Bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Genevieve Cantin]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre backstroke|200&nbsp;m backstroke]]<br />
| align=center | 2:12.87<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|7<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 2:12.04<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 400 metre individual medley|400&nbsp;m medley]]<br />
| align=center | 5:00.77<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|10<br />
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Martha McCabe]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 50 metre breaststroke|50&nbsp;m breaststroke]]<br />
| align=center | 32.96<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|14<br />
| align=center | 32.68<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|11<br />
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre breaststroke|100&nbsp;m breaststroke]]<br />
| align=center | 1:09.91<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|5<br />
| align=center | 1:09.47<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
| align=center | 1:09.25<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre breaststroke|200&nbsp;m breaststroke]]<br />
| align=center | 2:28.85<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|5<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 2:26.46<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|4<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Annamay Pierse]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 50 metre breaststroke|50&nbsp;m breaststroke]]<br />
| align=center | 31.71<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|5<br />
| align=center | 32.07<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
| align=center | 32.15<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre breaststroke|100&nbsp;m breaststroke]]<br />
| align=center | 1:10.00<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
| align=center | 1:08.97<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|5<br />
| align=center | 1:08.79<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre breaststroke|200&nbsp;m breaststroke]]<br />
| align=center | 2:27.41<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|1<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 2:27.21<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|5<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Mackenzie Downing]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 50 metre butterfly|50&nbsp;m butterfly]]<br />
| align=center | 27.54<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|10<br />
| align=center | 27.12<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|7<br />
| align=center | 27.42<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre butterfly|100&nbsp;m butterfly]]<br />
| align=center | 1:00.14<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|7<br />
| align=center | 59.57<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|9<br />
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre butterfly|200&nbsp;m butterfly]]<br />
| align=center | 2:10.04<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|4<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 2:11.05<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Audrey Lacroix]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 50 metre butterfly|50&nbsp;m butterfly]]<br />
| align=center | 27.49<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|9<br />
| align=center | 27.68<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|12<br />
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre butterfly|100&nbsp;m butterfly]]<br />
| align=center | 58.96<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|2<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 59.22<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre butterfly|200&nbsp;m butterfly]]<br />
| align=center | 2:09.63<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|2<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 2:07.31<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|{{Silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Katerine Savard]]<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 50 metre butterfly|50&nbsp;m butterfly]]<br />
| align=center | 27.10<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|6<br />
| align=center | 26.96<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|5<br />
| align=center | 27.21<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre butterfly|100&nbsp;m butterfly]]<br />
| align=center | 59.41<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|4<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| align=center | 59.91<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:#afa;"|8<br />
|-<br />
| [[Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre butterfly|200&nbsp;m butterfly]]<br />
| align=center | 2:18.33<br />
| style="text-align:center; background:pink;"|11<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Did Not Advance<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Synchronized swimming==<br />
{{Main|Synchronized swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
Canada attempted to continue its streak of winning every gold medal awarded in the sport ever at the Commonwealth Games. The team was announced on August 19, 2010.<ref>{{cite news |author=CBC Sports |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/canada-selects-commonwealth-synchro-team-1.905285 |title=Canada selects Commonwealth synchro team |publisher=Cbc.ca |date=2010-08-19 |access-date=2011-04-01 |archive-date=2011-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110502153506/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/amateur/story/2010/08/19/sp-synchro-team.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
* [[Élise Marcotte]] – Duet (substitute)<br />
<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! colspan="2" | Technical Routine<br />
! colspan="4" | Free Routine (Preliminary)<br />
! colspan="4" | Free Routine (Final)<br />
|-<br />
! Points<br />
! Rank<br />
! Points<br />
! Rank<br />
! Total points<br />
! Rank<br />
! Points<br />
! Rank<br />
! Total points<br />
! Rank<br />
|-<br />
| [[Marie-Pier Boudreau Gagnon]]<br />
| [[Synchronized swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's solo|Solo]]<br />
| 95.334<br />
| 1<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Marie-Pier Boudreau Gagnon]]<br />[[Chloé Isaac]]<br />
| [[Synchronized swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's duet|Duet]]<br />
| 95.000<br />
| 1<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Table tennis==<br />
{{Main|Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
Canada's table tennis squad consisted of 10 athletes, two of them being alternates but did not actually participate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.commonwealthgames.ca/Corporate/index_e.aspx?articleId=2059 |title=Table Tennis Canada announces the eight athletes selected for 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi |publisher=Commonwealth Games Canada |date=September 1, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-16 }}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/commonwealth-table-tennis-team-named-1.870189 |title=Commonwealth table tennis team named |publisher=CBC Sports |date=September 1, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-16}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''Men'''<br />
* [[Pradeeban Peter-Paul]]<br />
* [[Pierre-Luc Hinse]]<br />
* [[Xavier Therien]]<br />
* [[Andre Ho]]<br />
* [[Pierre-Luc Thériault]] *Alternate<br />
<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! Round of 64<br />
! Round of 32<br />
! Round of 16<br />
! Quarterfinals<br />
! Semifinals<br />
! Final<br />
|-<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
|-<br />
| [[Pradeeban Peter-Paul]]<br />
| [[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Singles]]<br />
| align=center | bye<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Marios Yiangou|M Yiangou]] | CYP|2010}}<br />3-4<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
|-<br />
| [[Xavier Therien]]<br />
| [[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Singles]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Luke Abrahams|L Abrahams]] | RSA|2010}}<br />4-1<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[William Henzell|W Henzell]] | AUS|2010}}<br />1-4<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
|-<br />
| [[Pierre-Luc Hinse]]<br />
| [[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Singles]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Olanrewaju Jegede|O Jegede]] | NGR|2010}}<br />2-4<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
|-<br />
| [[Andre Ho]]<br />
| [[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Singles]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Simon Gerada|S Gerada]] | AUS|2010}}<br />2-4<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Women'''<br />
* [[Zhang Mo (table tennis)|Zhang Mo]]<br />
* [[Sara Yuen]]<br />
* [[Carmen Lee (table tennis)|Carmen Lee]]<br />
* [[Anqi Luo]]<br />
* [[Marie-Andree Levesque]] *Alternate<br />
<br />
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! Round of 64<br />
! Round of 32<br />
! Round of 16<br />
! Quarterfinals<br />
! Semifinals<br />
! Final<br />
|-<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
! Opposition<br />Score<br />
|-<br />
| [[Zhang Mo (table tennis)|Zhang Mo]]<br />
| [[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Singles]]<br />
| align=center | bye<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Shamini Kumaresan|S Kumaresan]] | IND|2010}}<br />4-2<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Yuegu Wang|Y Wang]] | SIN|2010}}<br />1-4<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sara Yuen]]<br />
| [[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Singles]]<br />
| align=center | bye<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Mouma Das|M Das]] | IND|2010}}<br />1-4<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
|-<br />
| [[Carmen Lee (table tennis)|Carmen Lee]]<br />
| [[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Singles]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|DNQ<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
|-<br />
| [[Anqi Luo]]<br />
| [[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Singles]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|DNQ<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Weightlifting==<br />
{{Main|Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
Canada sent a team of 15 weightlifters to the 2010 Commonwealth Games<ref>{{cite web |title=CWFHC MEMO |url=http://www.canadianweightlifting.ca/pdf/MemoProvdir_6juillet2010.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706171104/http://www.canadianweightlifting.ca/pdf/MemoProvdir_6juillet2010.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-06}}</ref><br />
<br />
;Men<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! colspan="2" | Snatch<br />
! colspan="2" | Clean & Jerk<br />
! rowspan="2" | Total<br />
! rowspan="2" | Rank<br />
|-<br />
! Result<br />
! Rank<br />
! Result<br />
! Rank<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jasvir Singh (weightlifter)|Jasvir Singh]]<br />
| [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 62 kg|-62&nbsp;kg]]<br />
| align=center | 110<br />
| align=center | 14<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | DNF<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dominic Lussier]]<br />
| [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 69 kg|-69&nbsp;kg]]<br />
| align=center | 126<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
| align=center | 151<br />
| align=center | 7<br />
| align=center | 277<br />
| align=center | 7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Paul Dumais]]<br />
| [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 85 kg|-85&nbsp;kg]]<br />
| align=center | 145<br />
| align=center | 3<br />
| align=center | 170<br />
| align=center | 6<br />
| align=center | 315<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mathieu Marineau]]<br />
| [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 85 kg|-85&nbsp;kg]]<br />
| align=center | 145<br />
| align=center | 3<br />
| align=center | 180<br />
| align=center | 3<br />
| align=center | 325<br />
| align=center | {{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Buck Ramsay]]<br />
| [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 94 kg|-94&nbsp;kg]]<br />
| align=center | 135<br />
| align=center | 7<br />
| align=center | 179<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
| align=center | 314<br />
| align=center | 7<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nick Roberts (weightlifter)|Nicholas Roberts]]<br />
| [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 94 kg|-94&nbsp;kg]]<br />
| align=center | 140<br />
| align=center | 4<br />
| align=center | 176<br />
| align=center | 6<br />
| align=center | 316<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
|-<br />
| [[George Kobaladze]]<br />
| [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's +105 kg|-+105&nbsp;kg]]<br />
| align=center | 168<br />
| align=center | 3<br />
| align=center | 218<br />
| align=center | 1<br />
| align=center | 386<br />
| align=center | {{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Parm Phangura]]<br />
| [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's +105 kg|-+105&nbsp;kg]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | DNF<br />
|}<br />
<br />
;Women<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! colspan="2" | Snatch<br />
! colspan="2" | Clean & Jerk<br />
! rowspan="2" | Total<br />
! rowspan="2" | Rank<br />
|-<br />
! Result<br />
! Rank<br />
! Result<br />
! Rank<br />
|-<br />
| [[Marilou Dozois-Prévost]]<br />
| [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 53 kg|-53&nbsp;kg]]<br />
| align=center | 82<br />
| align=center | 1<br />
| align=center | 100<br />
| align=center | 1<br />
| align=center | 182<br />
| align=center | {{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Emily Quarton]]<br />
| [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 58 kg|-58&nbsp;kg]]<br />
| align=center | 80<br />
| align=center | 6<br />
| align=center | 105<br />
| align=center | 3<br />
| align=center | 185<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
|-<br />
| [[Annie Moniqui]]<br />
| [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 58 kg|-58&nbsp;kg]]<br />
| align=center | 82<br />
| align=center | 5<br />
| align=center | 102<br />
| align=center | 6<br />
| align=center | 184<br />
| align=center | 6<br />
|-<br />
| [[Marie-Josée Arès-Pilon]]<br />
| [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 69 kg|-69&nbsp;kg]]<br />
| align=center | 92<br />
| align=center | 4<br />
| align=center | 115<br />
| align=center | 4<br />
| align=center | 207<br />
| align=center | 4<br />
|-<br />
| [[Christine Girard]]<br />
| [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 69 kg|-69&nbsp;kg]]<br />
| align=center | 105<br />
| align=center | 1<br />
| align=center | 130<br />
| align=center | 1<br />
| align=center | 235<br />
| align=center | {{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Katelynn Williams]]<br />
| [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 75 kg|-75&nbsp;kg]]<br />
| align=center | 88<br />
| align=center | 9<br />
| align=center | 111<br />
| align=center | 9<br />
| align=center | 199<br />
| align=center | 9<br />
|-<br />
| [[Marie-Ève Beauchemin-Nadeau]]<br />
| [[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 75 kg|-75&nbsp;kg]]<br />
| align=center | 99<br />
| align=center | 2<br />
| align=center | 126<br />
| align=center | 2<br />
| align=center | 225<br />
| align=center | {{Silver02}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Wrestling==<br />
{{Main|Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
Canada sent a team of 16 wrestlers to the 2010 Commonwealth Games.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wrestling.ca/news/article.php?id=1693 |title=Wrestling Canada Lutte Announces Team for Delhi 2010 Commonwealth Games |publisher=Canadian Amateur Wrestling Association |date=July 29, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706213543/http://www.wrestling.ca/news/article.php?id=1693 |archive-date=July 6, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.commonwealthgames.ca/Corporate/index_e.aspx?articleId=2026 |title=Wrestling Canada Lutte Announces Team for Delhi 2010 Commonwealth Games |publisher=Commonwealth Games Canada |date=July 29, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-11 }}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
<br />
On October 1, 2010, both John Pineda and Khetag Pliev withdrew due to injuries and were replaced with Promise Mwenga (who is already competing in Greco-Roman) and Korey Jarvis respectively.<br />
;Men's Freestyle<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! Round of 16<br />
! Quarterfinals<br />
! Semifinals<br />
! Repechage Round 1<br />
! Repechage Round 2<br />
! Finals<br />
! rowspan="2" | Rank<br />
|-<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
|-<br />
| [[Promise Mwenga]]<br />
| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 55 kg|-55 kg]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|DNQ<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
|-<br />
| [[James Mancini]]<br />
| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 60 kg|-60 kg]]<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Danial Amas|D Amas]] | NGR|2010}}<br />2-1<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Viroel Etko|V Etko]] | SCO|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Yogeshwar Dutt|Y Dutt]] | IND|2010}}<br />0-2<br />
| align=center | {{Silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chris Prickett]]<br />
| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 66 kg|-66 kg]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Abdulai Rogers|A Rogers]] | SLE|2010}}<br />1-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Heinrich Barnes|H Barnes]] | RSA|2010}}<br />0-2<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Gilbert Emilie|G Emilie]] | MRI|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Phillip Roberts|P Roberts]] | MRI|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Muhammad Salmen|M Salmen]] | PAK|2010}}<br />2-1<br />
| align=center | {{Bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Evan MacDonald]]<br />
| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 74 kg|−74 kg]]<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Kostya Ermakovich|K Ermakovich]] | AUS|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Narsingh Yadav|N Yadav]] | IND|2010}}<br />0-2<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Mike Grundy|M Grundy]] | AUS|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Ali Muhammad (wrestler)|A Muhammad]]| AUS|2010}}<br />2-1<br />
| align=center | {{Bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Danny Brown (wrestler)|Danny Brown]]<br />
| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 84 kg|-84 kg]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Andrew Dick (wrestler)|A Dick]] | NGR|2010}}<br />1-2<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Korey Jarvis]]<br />
| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 96 kg|-96 kg]]<br />
| align=center | bye<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Muhammad Umar (wrestler)|M Umar]] | PAK|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Bilal Abdo|B Abdo]] | AUS|2010}}<br />1-0<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Sinvie Boltic|S Boltic]] | NGR|2010}}<br />1-2<br />
| align=center | {{Silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arjan Bhullar]]<br />
| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 120 kg|-120 kg]]<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Thiery Onanena|T Onanena]] | CMR|2010}}<br /><br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Nick Lane (wrestler)|N Lane]] | NZL|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Joginder Kumar|J Kumar]] | IND|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| align=center | {{Gold01}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
;Women's Freestyle<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! Quarterfinals<br />
! Semifinals<br />
! Repechage Round 1<br />
! Repechage Round 2<br />
! Finals<br />
! rowspan="2" | Rank<br />
|-<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
|-<br />
| [[Carol Huynh]]<br />
| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 48 kg|−48 kg]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Odunayo Adekuroye|O Adekuroye]] | NGR|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Fiona Robertson|F Robertson]] | SCO|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Nirmala Devi (wrestler)|N Devi]] | IND|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center"|{{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jessica MacDonald]]<br />
| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 51 kg|−51 kg]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Babita Kumari|B Kumari]] | IND|2010}}<br />1-2<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Jo Madyarchyk|J Madyarchyk]] | ENG|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Mpho Madi|M Madi]] | RSA|2010}}<br />1-0<br />
| style="text-align:center"|{{Bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jillian Gallays]]<br />
| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 55 kg|−55 kg]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Lovina Edward|L Edward]] | NGR|2010}}<br />1-2<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | -<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tonya Verbeek]]<br />
| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 59 kg|−59 kg]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Kathryn Marsh|K Marsh]] | SCO|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Tega Tosin Richard|T Richard]] | NGR|2010}}<br />1-0<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Alka Tomar|A Tomar]] | IND|2010}}<br />0-1<br />
| style="text-align:center"|{{Silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Justine Bouchard]]<br />
| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 63 kg|−63 kg]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Zumicke Geringer|Z Geringer]] | RSA|2010}}<br />1-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Leah Ndungu|L Ndungu]] | KEN|2010}}<br />1-0<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Blessing Oborududu|B Oborududu]] | NGR|2010}}<br />2-1<br />
| style="text-align:center"|{{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ohenewa Akuffo]]<br />
| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 72 kg|−72 kg]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Cassie Field|C Field]] | AUS|2010}}<br />2-1<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Hellen Okus|H Okus]] | NGR|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Annabelle Ali|A Ali]] | CMR|2010}}<br />2-1<br />
| style="text-align:center"|{{Gold01}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
;Men's Greco-Roman<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" | Event<br />
! Round of 16<br />
! Quarterfinals<br />
! Semifinals<br />
! Repechage Round 1<br />
! Repechage Round 2<br />
! Finals<br />
! rowspan="2" | Rank<br />
|-<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
! Opposition<br />Result<br />
|-<br />
| [[Promise Mwenga]]<br />
| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 55 kg|−55 kg]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Carlo van Wyk|C van Wyk]] | RSA|2010}}<br />2-1<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Rajender Kumar|R Kumar]] | IND|2010}}<br />0-2<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Kumara Yaparathna|K Yaparathna]] | SRI|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Sunday Sanni|S Sanni]] | NGR|2010}}<br />2-1<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | {{Bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jack Bond (wrestler)|Jack Bond]]<br />
| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 66 kg|−66 kg]]<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Roshan Liyanage|R Liyanage]] | SRI|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Brett Hawthorn|B Hawthorn]] | WAL|2010}}<br />2-0<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"|<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Myroslav Dykun|M Dykun]] | RSA|2010}}<br />0-1<br />
| align=center | {{Silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Eric Feunekes]]<br />
| [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's Greco-Roman 96 kg|−96 kg]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Muhammad Umar (wrestler)|M Umar]] | PAK|2010}}<br />2-1<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:pink;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Hassene Fkiri|H Fkiri]] | AUS|2010}}<br />0-2<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Samuel Belkin|S Belkin]] | NZL|2010}}<br />1-0<br />
| style="text-align:center;background:#afa;"|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Kakoma Bella-Lufu|K Bella-Lufu]] | RSA|2010}}<br />pin?<br />
| align=center | -<br />
| align=center | {{Bronze03}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Sports|Canada}}<br />
* [[2010 Commonwealth Games]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
{{Commonwealth Games Associations at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
{{country at games navbox|Canada|Commonwealth Games|1930}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Canada At The 2010 Commonwealth Games}}<br />
[[Category:Nations at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]<br />
[[Category:Canada at the Commonwealth Games|2010]]<br />
[[Category:2010 in Canadian sports]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lohardaga_Lok_Sabha_constituency&diff=513423Lohardaga Lok Sabha constituency2026-04-19T08:44:07Z<p>Pruthviraj: stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Jharkhand}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Lohardaga <Br>{{Small|JH-12}}<br />
| type = LS<br />
| constituency_no = <br />
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Jharkhand/Lohardaga.map}}<br />
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Lohardaga Lok Sabha constituency<br />
| established = 1957<br />
| mp = [[Sukhdeo Bhagat]]<br />
| preceded_by = [[Sudarshan Bhagat]]<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br />
| state = [[Jharkhand]]<br />
| reservation = ST<br />
| incumbent_image = Sukhdeo Bhagat.jpg<br />
| assembly_cons = [[Mandar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mandar]]<br />[[Sisai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sisai]]<br />[[Gumla (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gumla]] <br />[[Bishunpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bishunpur]]<br />[[Lohardaga (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lohardaga]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lohardaga Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 14 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Jharkhand]] state in eastern India. Presently this constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the [[Adivasi|Scheduled tribes]]. This constituency covers the entire [[Gumla district|Gumla]] and [[Lohardaga district|Lohardaga]] districts and part of [[Ranchi district]].<br />
<br />
==Assembly segments==<br />
Presently, Lohardaga Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following five [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jharkhand.gov.in/ceo/2005/constituencies.html |title=Parliamentary Constituency |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Jharkhand website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226080317/http://www.jharkhand.gov.in/ceo/2005/constituencies.html |archive-date=2012-02-26 }}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!#<br />
!Name<br />
!District<br />
!Member<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead<br />
|-<br />
|66<br />
|[[Mandar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mandar]] (ST)<br />
|[[Ranchi district|Ranchi]]<br />
|[[Shilpi Neha Tirkey]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}<br />
|-<br />
|67<br />
|[[Sisai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sisai]] (ST)<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Gumla district|Gumla]]<br />
|[[Jiga Susaran Horo]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|68<br />
|[[Gumla (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gumla]] (ST)<br />
|[[Bhushan Tirkey]]<br />
|-<br />
|69<br />
|[[Bishunpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bishunpur]] (ST)<br />
|[[Chamra Linda]]<br />
|-<br />
|72<br />
|[[Lohardaga (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lohardaga]] (ST)<br />
|[[Lohardaga district|Lohardaga]]<br />
|[[Rameshwar Oraon]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Members of Parliament==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]<br />
|[[Ignace Beck]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Jharkhand Party}}" |<br />
|[[Jharkhand Party]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]<br />
|[[David Munzni]]<br />
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Kartik Oraon]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]<br />
|[[Laloo Oraon]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |<br />
|[[Janata Party]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]<br />
|[[Kartik Oraon]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |<br />
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Sumati Oraon]]<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Lalit Oraon]]<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]<br />
|[[Indra Nath Bhagat]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]<br />
|[[Dukha Bhagat]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]<br />
|[[Rameshwar Oraon]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Sudarshan Bhagat]]<br />
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br />
|[[Sukhdeo Bhagat]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
===General election 2024===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Lohardaga]]<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Lohardaga">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Lohardaga |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2712.htm |access-date=26 July 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726082413/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2712.htm |archive-date=26 July 2024}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Sukhdeo Bhagat]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=483,038|percentage=49.95|change={{increase}}5.78}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Samir Oraon|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=3,43,900|percentage=35.56|change={{decrease}}9.89}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Chamra Linda]]|party=Independent |votes=45,998|percentage=4.76|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Mahendra Urav|votes=16,793|percentage=1.13|change=''New''}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=11,384|percentage=1.18|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=1,39,138|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=9,71,662|percentage=67.09|change=}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2019===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Lohardaga]]}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Sudarshan Bhagat]]<br />
|votes = 3,71,595<br />
|percentage = 45.45<br />
|change = -5.27<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Sukhdeo Bhagat]]<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 3,61,232<br />
|percentage = 44.18<br />
|change = -5.09<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Jharkhand Party<br />
|candidate = Deokumar Dhan<br />
|votes = 19,546<br />
|percentage = +2.39<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Sanjay Oraon<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|votes = 10,663<br />
|percentage = +1.3<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = Dinesh Oraon<br />
|votes = 9,643<br />
|percentage = 1.18<br />
|change = -16.99<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 10,363<br />
|percentage = +1.27<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 8,18,367<br />
|percentage = 66.30<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2014===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Lohardaga]]}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Sudarshan Bhagat]]<br />
|votes = 2,26,666<br />
|percentage = 34.79<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Rameshwar Oraon]]<br />
|votes = 2,20,177<br />
|percentage = 33.80<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Chamra Linda]]<br />
|votes = 1,18,355<br />
|percentage=18.17<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 6,489<br />
|percentage = 1.00<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes =6,51,639<br />
|percentage = 58.23<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2009===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Lohardaga]]}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Sudarshan Bhagat]]<br />
|votes = 1,44,628<br />
|percentage = 27.58<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Chamra Linda]]<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|votes = 1,36,345<br />
|percentage = 26.00<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Rameshwar Oraon]]<br />
|votes = 1,29,622<br />
|percentage = 24.72<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes =8,283<br />
|percentage =1.59<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes =5,24,402<br />
|percentage = 53.42<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Lohardaga district]]<br />
* [[Gumla district]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Jharkhand}}<br />
{{South Chotanagpur Division topics}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|23.4|84.7|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Lohardaga district]]<br />
[[Category:Gumla district]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanksa_Assembly_constituency&diff=508251Kanksa Assembly constituency2026-04-18T14:05:17Z<p>Pruthviraj: Article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Kanksa<br />
| type= SLA<br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| state = [[West Bengal]]<br />
| district = [[Paschim Bardhaman district|Paschim Bardhaman]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Durgapur]]<br />
| constituency_no = 266<br />
| established = 1977<br />
| abolished = 2011<br />
| reservation = SC<br />
}}<br />
'''Kanksa''' was an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Paschim Bardhaman district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It was reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
Ankure Saresh of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI (M)]] won the Kanksa (SC) assembly seat in 2006, 2001, and 1996 defeating his nearest rivals, Lakshi Narayan Saha of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] in 2006 and Himangshu Mondal of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 2001 and 1996. In 1991 and 1987, Krishna Chandra Halder of CPI (M) defeated Manik Lal Bouri and Samir Kumar Saha, both of Congress in the respective years. In 1982 and 1977, Lakshi Narayan Saha of CPI (M) defeated Shib Narayan Saha and Samir Kumar Saha in the respective years.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp266.htm| title = 266 – Kanksa (SC) Assembly Constituency | work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977| publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 2010-08-29 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Kanksa assembly constituency was part of [[Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<br />
<br />
For Members of Legislative Assembly from Kanksa Assembly constituency, see [[Galsi Assembly constituency]]<br />
<br />
==Impact of delimitation==<br />
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission Kanksa Assembly constituency ceased to be an assembly constituency from 2011. Amlajora, Gopalpur and Molandighi gram panchayats of Kanksa community development block are part of 276 [[Durgapur Purba Assembly constituency]]. Kanksa, Trilokchandrapur, Bankati and Bidbehar gram panchayats of Kanksa CD Block are part of [[Galsi Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 |access-date=2010-08-21 |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |archive-date=2010-09-18 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Paschim Bardhaman topics}}<br />
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}<br />
{{coords|23.46|87.46|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Paschim Bardhaman district]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]<br />
[[Category:1977 establishments in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2011]]<br />
[[Category:2011 disestablishments in India]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaveripattinam_Assembly_constituency&diff=509046Kaveripattinam Assembly constituency2026-04-15T23:47:11Z<p>Pruthviraj: Starting</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| map_image = <br />
| established = 1967<br />
| district = [[Krishnagiri district|Krishnagiri]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = <br />
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| party = Pattali Makkal Katchi<br />
| mla = T. A. Meganathan<br />
| name = Kaveripattinam<br />
| electors= 1,83,149<br />
| reservation = <br />
| abolished= 2008<br />
}}<br />
'''Kaveripattinam''' is a former state assembly constituency in [[Krishnagiri district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date=25 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm |archivedate=14 June 2012 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Winner<br />
! colspan="2"| Party<br />
|-<br />
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br />
| [[V. C. Govindasamy]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
| [[K. Samarasam]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br />
| K. Samarasam<br />
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]<br />
| K. Samarasam<br />
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br />
| V. C. Govindasamy<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br />
| [[K. P. Munusamy]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br />
| [[P. V. S. Venkatesan]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br />
| K. P. Munusamy<br />
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br />
| [[T. A. Meganathan]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
===2006=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kaveripattinam<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. A. Meganathan]] |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=64,878 |percentage=45.96% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. P. Munusamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=53,144 |percentage=37.64% |change=-17.11% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. R. Chinnaraj |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=14,892 |percentage=10.55% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Venkatesan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,509 |percentage=1.78% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Rajamani |party=Independent politician |votes=1,511 |percentage=1.07% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Arul Mozhi |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,173 |percentage=0.83% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Kuppusamy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,069 |percentage=0.76% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Kaviarasu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,043 |percentage=0.74% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Madappan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=954 |percentage=0.68% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,734 |percentage=8.31% |change=-6.77% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=141,173 |percentage=77.08% |change= 11.72% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 183,149 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Pattali Makkal Katchi |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -8.80% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2001=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kaveripattinam<ref>{{cite web |title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001 |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. P. Munusamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=67,241 |percentage=54.75% |change=22.97% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. C. Govindasamy Gounder]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=48,724 |percentage=39.67% |change=-22.84% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Subramani |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,785 |percentage=3.08% |change=1.73% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Jayaseelan |party=Independent politician |votes=3,061 |percentage=2.49% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,517 |percentage=15.08% |change=-15.65% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=122,811 |percentage=65.36% |change= -7.06% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 187,940 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -7.76% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===1996=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kaveripattinam<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. V. S. Venkatesan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=72,945 |percentage=62.52% |change=39.77% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. P. Munusamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,086 |percentage=31.78% |change=-37.88% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. A. Meganathan]] |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=3,032 |percentage=2.60% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. C. Govindasamy Gounder]] |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,582 |percentage=1.36% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate|candidate=P. Murugesan |party=PJP |votes=984 |percentage=0.84% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Ravi |party=Independent politician |votes=430 |percentage=0.37% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. P. Gnanasekaran |party=Independent politician |votes=274 |percentage=0.23% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Thotlan |party=Independent politician |votes=195 |percentage=0.17% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Ramachandran |party=Independent politician |votes=153 |percentage=0.13% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=35,859 |percentage=30.73% |change=-16.19% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=116,681 |percentage=72.42% |change= 3.48% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 171,738 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -7.15% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1991=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kaveripattinam<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. P. Munusamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=70,136 |percentage=69.67% |change=36.43% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. C. Govindasamy Gounder]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=22,900 |percentage=22.75% |change=-14.42% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Gounder Thatha |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=6,084 |percentage=6.04% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Nagarajan |party=Independent politician |votes=651 |percentage=0.65% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. P. Krishnan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=533 |percentage=0.53% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Sankar |party=Independent politician |votes=259 |percentage=0.26% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. M. Ranganathan |party=Independent politician |votes=112 |percentage=0.11% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=47,236 |percentage=46.92% |change=42.98% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=100,675 |percentage=68.94% |change= -6.22% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 154,730 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 32.50% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===1989=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kaveripattinam<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. C. Govindasamy Gounder]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,612 |percentage=37.17% |change=-1.02% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Minisamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=33,628 |percentage=33.23% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Kasilingam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,538 |percentage=20.30% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. V. Venkataraman |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=9,416 |percentage=9.30% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate|change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,984 |percentage=3.94% |change=-15.05% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=101,194 |percentage=75.16% |change= 1.29% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 138,478 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Ambedkar Kranti Dal |swing= -20.01% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===1984=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kaveripattinam<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Samarasam]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=47,212 |percentage=57.18% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. C. Govindasamy Gounder]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=31,533 |percentage=38.19% |change=-7.86% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Duri Ramchandran |party=Independent politician |votes=3,820 |percentage=4.63% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,679 |percentage=18.99% |change=13.91% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=82,565 |percentage=73.86% |change= 9.85% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 121,109 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 6.05% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1980=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kaveripattinam<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Samarasam]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=35,434 |percentage=51.13% |change=11.17% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Venkatesan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=31,911 |percentage=46.05% |change=28.95% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Perumal Gounder |party=Independent politician |votes=1,377 |percentage=1.99% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. S. Varadarasan |party=Independent politician |votes=574 |percentage=0.83% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,523 |percentage=5.08% |change=-4.93% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=69,296 |percentage=64.02% |change= -1.13% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 110,686 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 11.17% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===1977=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kaveripattinam<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Samarasam]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=25,770 |percentage=39.97% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. Pattabi Naidu |party=Janata Party |votes=19,312 |percentage=29.95% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. V. S. Venkatesan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=11,025 |percentage=17.10% |change=-47.88% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. K. Pattabhiraman |party=Communist Party of India |votes=8,374 |percentage=12.99% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,458 |percentage=10.02% |change=-19.94% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=64,481 |percentage=65.15% |change= -9.26% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 100,732 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -25.01% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===1971=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kaveripattinam<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. C. Govindasamy Gounder]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=41,546 |percentage=64.98% |change=17.72% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. Pattabi Naidu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,391 |percentage=35.02% |change=-17.72% }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,155 |percentage=29.96% |change=24.48% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=63,937 |percentage=74.41% |change= -2.06% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,425 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 12.24% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===1967=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Kaveripattinam<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=P. Naidu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=32,953 |percentage=52.74% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. V. Seeramulu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=29,532 |percentage=47.26% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,421 |percentage=5.47% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=62,485 |percentage=76.46% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,370 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |accessdate=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archivedate=5 October 2010 }}<br />
<br />
{{Defunct assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br />
{{coord|12.42|78.22|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Krishnagiri district]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]<br />
[[Category:1967 establishments in Madras State]]<br />
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]<br />
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andhra_Pradesh_Urdu_Academy&diff=486473Andhra Pradesh Urdu Academy2026-04-14T02:10:40Z<p>Pruthviraj: creating a post initial version - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Mohammed Farooq Shubli was appointed Chairman of the AP. Urdu Academy on 26 Nov 2025}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=February 2018}}<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox organization<br />
| name = Urdu Academy, Andhra Pradesh<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = 162px<br />
| image_alt = The logo of Urdu Academy<br />
| caption = The logo of Academy<br />
| formation = <br />
| type = Academy<br />
| status = Registered Society<br />
| purpose = Literary and Cultural<br />
| headquarters = [[Vijayawada]], Andhra Pradesh<br />
| location = [[Vijayawada]], Andhra Pradesh<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| language = [[Urdu]]<br />
| leader_title = Founder<br />
| leader_name = <br />
| key_people = <br />
| main_organ = Academy, library, auditorium, publications<br />
| parent_organization = Ministry of Minorities Affairs AP<ref>http://www.aponline.gov.in/apportal/departments/departments.aspx?dep=25&org=168&category=about/ Urdu Academy : NGO in India : Under Registrar of Societies Act</ref><br />
| affiliations = Registrar of Societies, (the then) Andhra Pradesh<br />
| num_staff = <br />
| num_volunteers = <br />
| budget = <br />
| website = [https://apsurduacademy.com/ Official Website]<br />
| remarks = To serve the Urdu language in Andhra Pradesh.<br />
| former_name = <br />
}}<br />
'''[[Urdu]] ''Academy, Andhra Pradesh''''' is an educational institution developing the [[Urdu language]] and preserving the Urdu tradition and culture in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It was established in the year 1982. The main focus of the Academy was{{clarify|What?|date=June 2018}} .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/apportal/departments/departments.aspx?dep=25&org=168&category=about|title=APOnline – Organisation Info|website=www.aponline.gov.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
The academy is a subsidiary of the Ministry of Minorities affairs, and is under the direct control of the ministry as well.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations-2/|title=Organizations – Official AP State Government Portal – AP State Portal|publisher=|access-date=22 February 2018|archive-date=17 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717193629/http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The former [[Andhra Pradesh]] government established this academy. It organized many cultural and educational programs. The academy's headquarters were in [[Vijayawada]] City.<ref name="auto"/><br />
<br />
In January 2018, the designation of its President and Vice President were changed to chairman and Vice- Chairman. Its budget is increasing from 29.9&nbsp;million rupees to 58.6&nbsp;million.<br />
<br />
==Activities==<br />
The functions of the Academy are specified in the Memorandum of Association of the Constitution of Urdu Academy.<br />
<br />
* Publication, translation and printing of publications.<br />
* Research work, festivals, seminars, symposiums, mushairas and state level events.<br />
* Honouring literary figures, awarding prizes, awards etc.,<br />
<br />
==Publications==<br />
* ''Qaumi Zaban'' (Urdu bi-monthly magazine)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Urdu Academy}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Organisations based in Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Linguistic research institutes in India]]<br />
[[Category:Urdu Academies in India]]<br />
[[Category:1982 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1982]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{AndhraPradesh-school-stub}}</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radha_Madhu&diff=527915Radha Madhu2026-04-06T04:09:57Z<p>Pruthviraj: started post - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Telugu language TV series}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image = Radha Madhu.jpg<br />
| genre = [[Romantic drama]]<br />
| creator = [[Gunnam Gangaraju]]<br />
| writer = <br />
| director = <br />
| theme_music_composer = Vaibhav<br />
| opentheme = "Gadenaadu Kaalamu" sung by Pranavi<br />
| starring = Kalyan Prasad Thoram <br>[[Mounica]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| num_episodes = <br />
| producer = <br />
| runtime = 22 minutes<br />
| company = Scorpio Productions<br />
| network = [[Maa TV]]<br />
| first_aired = {{Start date|2006}}<br />
| last_aired = {{End date|2008}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Radha Madhu''''' is a 2006{{endash}}2008 Indian Telugu language [[romantic drama]] television series starring Kalyan Prasad Thoram and [[Mounica]] in the titular roles. The series was aired on [[Star Maa]].<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
=== Main ===<br />
*Kalyan Prasad Thoram as Radha Krishna<br />
*[[Mounica]] as Madhulika<br />
<br />
=== Recurring ===<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
*Siva Parvathi as Raja Rajeshwari<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/noted-supporting-actress-siva-parvathi-to-play-a-cameo-in-karthika-deepam/articleshow/94706905.cms|title=Noted supporting actress Siva Parvathi to play a cameo in Karthika Deepam?|date=7 October 2022|work=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
*[[Lakshmi Sharma|Lahari]] as Julie<br />
*[[Devadas Kanakala]] / Raja Babu as Gopalam<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/from-winning-a-nandi-award-for-amma-to-falling-ill-on-the-sets-of-tv-show-babai-hotel-a-look-at-the-journey-of-late-actor-raja-babu/photostory/87277440.cms?picid=87277454|title=From winning a Nandi award for 'Amma' to falling ill on the sets of TV show 'Babai Hotel': A look at the journey of late actor Raja Babu|date=26 October 2021|work=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
*[[Shankar Melkote]] as Dr. Mitra<br />
*Alapati Lakshmi as Adilakshmi<br />
*[[Raavi Kondala Rao]] as Venkat Rao<br />
*[[Radha Kumari]] as Janakamma<br />
*Chalapathi Raju as Sai<br />
*[[Ragini (Telugu actress)|Ragini]] as Padma Shri<br />
*Sai Mitra as Murthy<br />
*Lakshmi<br />
*Varamma<br />
*Kumari<br />
*Raghavaiah<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
While working in the HR department of a software company, assistant director Chinna offered Kalyan the opportunity to play one of the lead roles.<ref name="S">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/family/himself-to-be-the-perfect-mate-for-me-317738|title=తనే నాకు తగిన జోడీ! |trans-title= Himself to be the perfect mate for me!|language=te|website=Sakshi}}</ref> The series was noted for being different from most Indian serials in the sense that there wasn't over-the-top emptional scenes for the sake of [[Target rating point|TRP]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/bring-on-the-glycerine-tears-boost-trps/articleshow/6648270.cms|title=Bring on the glycerine: Tears Boost TRPs|date=29 September 2010|work=The Times of India|access-date=14 June 2025|archive-date=12 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250612053922/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/bring-on-the-glycerine-tears-boost-trps/articleshow/6648270.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> K. Sandhya Rani dubbed for one of the characters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/with-a-pill-of-courage/article2034885.ece|title=With a pill of courage|date=20 May 2011|work=The Hindu}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
The soundtrack was composed by S. K. Balachandan while the theme song was composed by Vaibhav.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-11-06 |title=Melody is my forte: Balachandran |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/melody-is-my-forte-balachandran/articleshow/5200045.cms |access-date=2025-06-12 |work=<br />
[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> <br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = ''Radha Madhu'' (Original Soundtrack)<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = <br />
| all_writing = <br />
| title1 = Agadenaadu Kaalamu<br />
| note1 = <br />
| length1 = 2:36<br />
| lyrics1 = <br />
| music1 = Vaibhav<br />
| extra1 = Pranavi<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Reception and legacy ==<br />
The serial was a hit and became one of the popular Telugu serials. The pairing of Kalyan and [[Mounica]] were well received from the audience and became household names.<ref name="S"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2012 |title='˜Telugu people' don't want dubbed serials |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/telugu-people-dont-want-dubbed-serials/articleshow/21269931.cms |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |archive-date=19 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219121518/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/telugu-people-dont-want-dubbed-serials/articleshow/21269931.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Gunnam Gangaraju}}<br />
[[Category:Telugu-language television shows]]<br />
[[Category:2000s Indian television series]]<br />
[[Category:Star Maa original programming]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telangana_State_Engineering_Common_Entrance_Test&diff=539972Telangana State Engineering Common Entrance Test2026-03-25T20:38:43Z<p>Pruthviraj: starting new article first draft</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Promotional|date=January 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox examination<br />
| name = Telangana Engineering Common Entrance Test<br />
| image_name =<br />
| acronym = TG ECET<br />
| type = Online Standardized test<br />
| skills_tested = Math, physics, chemistry, engineering<br />
| purpose = Admissions into [[Bachelor of Engineering]], [[Bachelor of Technology]], and [[Bachelor of Pharmacy]] programs<br />
| offered = Annually<br />
| fee =900/- for others<br />
500/- for ST/SC<br />
| website = {{URL|https://tsecet.nic.in/}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Telangana Engineering Common Entrance Test''' ('''TGECET''') is a standardized entrance examination for Diploma and B.Sc. Mathematics students to enter [[Bachelor of Engineering]], [[Bachelor of Technology]] and [[Bachelor of Pharmacy]] programs in [[Telangana]] State, [[India]]. It is conducted by [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad]] on behalf of Telangana State Council of Higher Education (TG ECET)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ecet.tsche.ac.in/UI/AboutUs.aspx|title=TS ECET - 2018|website=ecet.sche.ap.gov.in/|access-date=2018-10-17}}</ref><br />
<br />
TS ECET 2020 exam is administered by [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad]] across 14 regional centers in the states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. <br />
TS ECET 2020 was held on 31–08–2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TS ECET - 2020|url=https://ecet.tsche.ac.in/TSECET/TSECET_HomePage.aspx|access-date=2021-02-19|website=ecet.tsche.ac.in}}</ref> TS ECET 2022 was scheduled for 12 July 2022. However, due to heavy rains in Telangana, the TS ECET 2022 has been postponed. New dates will be shared soon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2022 |title=TS ECET 2022 Postponed, new date to be announced soon |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/ts-ecet-2022-postponed-new-date-to-be-announced-soon-1974633-2022-07-12 |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
TS ECET was formerly '''ECET''' examination conducted by Andhra Pradesh until 2014 (before formation of [[Telangana]] on 2 June 2014).<br />
<br />
'''ECET''' exam used to be conducted by Andhra Pradesh State Council of Higher Education administered by universities [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada]] and [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad]] until 2014.<br />
<br />
Later from 2015 it is conducted as '''TS ECET''' conducted by Telangana State Council of Higher Education and '''AP ECET''' by Andhrapradesh State Council of Higher Education.<br />
<br />
== All ==<br />
<br />
{{Empty section|date=March 2026}}<br />
<br />
== 2023 ==<br />
The minimum prerequisites for taking the TSECET are:<br />
* Diploma of Engineering, Diploma of Technology, Diploma of Pharmacy or equivalent, depending on the program applied for. A [[Bachelor of Science]] in Mathematics is also acceptable. Diplomas are accredited by the [[Telangana]] Board of Technical Education, with appropriate optional subjects or its equivalent. <br />
* Needs to be born in Telangana State or [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sarvgyan.com/articles/ts-ecet-2018|title=TS ECET 2018: Result, Cut-off, Counselling & Admission Process|date=2018-05-17|work=SarvGyan|access-date=2018-05-23|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
*Candidates who have acquired Diplomas in the Fields of Engineering, Technology or Pharmacy by enrolling into schools recognized by the [[All India Council for Technical Education]] are eligible to apply, and candidates who have a [[Bachelor of Science]] in Mathematics are also eligible to apply.<br />
*12th grade students are students are not eligible to apply as they don't possess either a Diploma Degree or [[Bachelor of Science]] in Mathematics<br />
*Candidates should have earned a Diploma in one of the following areas of study: Engineering and Technology, Pharmacy or a B.Sc. Degree in Mathematics with at least 45% marks (40% in case of candidates belonging to reserved category {So, where is a list of the Reserved Categories?}) for entry into relevant courses.<br />
*application fee of INR 500/-.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Exam structure ==<br />
The exam is structured differently for Engineering Stream and Pharmacy Stream. Within Engineering Stream, the exam format differs slightly between Diploma students and Bachelor of Science Math students.<br />
<br />
=== Engineering stream ===<br />
<br />
==== Diploma students exam pattern ====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Subjects for the Test<br />
!Marks<br />
!Remarks<br />
|-<br />
|Mathematics <br />
|50<br />
|Common for all branches<br />
|-<br />
|Physics<br />
|25<br />
|Common for all branches<br />
|-<br />
|Chemistry <br />
|25<br />
|Common for all branches<br />
|-<br />
|Engineering Paper<br />
<br />
(Civil / Electrical & Electronics / Mechanical /<br />
<br />
Electronics & Communication /Computer<br />
<br />
Science / Chemical / Metallurgical / Mining /<br />
<br />
Electronics & Instrumentation / Bio-Technology<br />
<br />
as the case may be)<br />
|100<br />
|Separate question paper<br />
for Each Branch of<br />
<br />
Diploma Engineering<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Write a Mock test from official website to get detailed information on Online Examination.<br />
<br />
==== Bachelor of Science in Mathematics students exam pattern ====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Subjects for the Test<br />
!Marks<br />
!Remarks<br />
|-<br />
|Mathematics<br />
|100<br />
| --<br />
|-<br />
|Analytical ability<br />
|50<br />
| --<br />
|-<br />
|Communicative English<br />
|50<br />
| --<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pharmacy stream ===<br />
Diploma in Pharmacy students exam pattern<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Subjects for the test<br />
!Marks<br />
!Remarks<br />
|-<br />
|Pharmaceutics<br />
|50 <br />
| ---<br />
|-<br />
|Pharmaceutical Chemistry<br />
|50<br />
| ---<br />
|-<br />
|Pharmacognosy <br />
|50<br />
| ---<br />
|-<br />
|Pharmacology and Toxicology <br />
|50<br />
| ---<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Qualifying marks===<br />
{{cleanup rewrite|reason=rewrite this from what was the official verbiage|date=November 2018}}<br />
The qualifying percentage of marks for obtaining a rank in TS ECET exam is 25% of the aggregate marks in the four subjects for diploma students and three subjects for B.Sc. (Mathematics, i.e., 50 marks out of a total of 200. However, in the case of SC/ST candidates, there shall be no minimum qualifying marks for ranking the candidates. The rank obtained with the benefit of relaxation of the minimum qualifying marks at the TS ECET by any candidate claiming to belong to SC/ST category will be cancelled in case the claim is found to be invalid at the time of admission.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://ecet.tsche.ac.in/UI/Documents/TS%20%20ECET-2018%20Detailed%20Notification.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328163657/http://ecet.tsche.ac.in/UI/Documents/TS%20%20ECET-2018%20Detailed%20Notification.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2018-03-28|title=Detailed notification|publisher=tsche.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sarvgyan.com/articles/ts-ecet-2018|title=TS ECET 2018: Counselling, Choice Filling & Admission Process|date=2018-07-19|work=SarvGyan|access-date=2018-10-18|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== <!-- This page is a mess. Most of it seems to have been entered on or about 2018, but some notes regarding the need to delay the exam for 2022 have been entered, so obviously someone at the school has edited it, but has not bothered to make the rest of it current. In one section regarding fees the cost is listed as INR 500/- in one place and simply as "900/- for others 500/- for ST/SC". There is no mention of what ST/SC are. I have updated a fair number of items, but to be honest I now have a headache from trying to sort this page out. Someone smarter then me needs to continue editing the page, or get in touch with the school and tell them to fix their page. Bon Chance. -->Student==<br />
26,873 students attended TS-ECET in 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-telangana/26873-students-attend-ts-ecet/article23831008.ece|title=26,873 students attend TS-ECET|date=2018-05-10|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-10-12|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Colleges ==<br />
Most Engineering colleges in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh accept TSECET for admission of Diploma Students and B.Sc. maths Students into the Undergraduate programs.<br />
<br />
List of colleges that accept TSECET for admission into 2nd year of undergraduate program are mentioned in TSECET website.<br />
<br />
Example of colleges that accept the TSECET results for are [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad]], [[Osmania University]], [[Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology]], [[Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology]], [[Vasavi College of Engineering]], [[Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology]], [[Maturi Venkata Subba Rao Engineering College]] and so on.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --><br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{Official website|http://ecet.tsche.ac.in/TSECET/TSECET_HomePage.aspx}}<br />
<br />
{{Standardized tests in India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Standardised tests in India]]<br />
[[Category:Education in Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Engineering entrance examinations in India]]<br />
[[Category:Examinations in India]]<br />
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonia_Singh_(journalist)&diff=536680Sonia Singh (journalist)2026-03-23T12:50:45Z<p>Pruthviraj: starting initial bio first draft</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian journalist (born 1970)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Sonia Singh<br />
| image = Sonia_Singh_2022.jpg<br />
| caption = Sonia Singh in 2022<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1970|09|21}} <br />
| birth_place = [[New Delhi, India]] <br />
| education = [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]]<br />
| occupation = [[Journalist]] <br />
| spouse = [[Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh]]<br />
| employer = [[NDTV]] till Apr 2025<br />
<br />
| website = {{URL|social.ndtv.com/soniasingh}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sonia Singh''' (born 21 September 1970) is an Indian journalist who serves as the editorial director and president of the [[NDTV]] ethics committee.<ref name="about">{{cite news | url= http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/corporatepage/sonia_singh.aspx | title=NDTV The Company | publisher= [[NDTV]]|accessdate= 19 February 2016}}</ref> She also hosts ‘The NDTV Dialogues’, a show focusing on understanding on key issues and a look at potential solutions.<ref name="about1">{{cite web | url= http://www.ficci-frames.com/frames/speakers/Sonia_Singh.pdf | title=icci frames | publisher= [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry]] |accessdate= 19 February 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
<br />
Sonia Singh, attended the [[Convent of Jesus and Mary, Delhi|Convent of Jesus and Mary]] in New Delhi, then went to [[St Stephens College, Delhi]] where she completed her master's in English Literature. She graduated with a first degree, topping the college in English Literature. She has also been recipient of a 3-month scholarship from the Government of Italy to study Italian at Perugia. She is also a [[Chevening Scholar]] and attended at broadcast journalism course at Cardiff.<ref name="uday foundation">{{cite web|url=http://www.udayfoundationindia.org/weekend-stroytelling-with-sonia-singh-sr-managing-editor-ndtv/<br />
| title= Storytelling with Sonia Singh |publisher=[[Uday Foundation]] |accessdate=19 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ststephens.edu/Stephania-2013.pdf | title=Reunion 2011 | publisher=[[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] | access-date=19 February 2016 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225005239/http://ststephens.edu/Stephania-2013.pdf | archive-date=25 February 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> During her stint in UK, she also got an opportunity to meet and greet Queen Elizabeth.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}<br />
<br />
== Personal life==<br />
<br />
Sonia Singh is married to [[Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh]] and they have three daughters.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=4345 | title= Detailed Profile: Shri Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh |publisher=[[National Portal of India]] |accessdate=19 February 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
<br />
Sonia Singh joined NDTV in 1992 as a researcher<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/12368717.cms| title= The world according to<br />
|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date= 9 June 2002 |accessdate= 19 February 2016}}</ref> when it produced one show, The World This Week for Doordarshan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/bse_annualreports/5325290310.pdf | title= NDTV Annual Report<br />
|publisher=[[Moneycontrol.com]] |accessdate= 19 February 2016}}</ref><ref>Somnath Batabyal. In ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=D8MTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA44 Making News in India]''. Routledge, 2014 . p. 44. {{ISBN|9781317809722}}<br />
. Google Book Search. Retrieved on 19 February 2016</ref> Today, she is editorial director for the NDTV news network and she has overseen news ranging from the [[Kandahar hijacking|Kandahar hijack]], the attack on Parliament, 26/11, the [[Kargil war]] to the [[Jessica Lall]] case.<ref name="about"/><br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
She has also received many awards for Best Talk Show, Best Anchor at the emba, as well as Ficci young achiever. In 2015, she was awarded the best Editor in Chief at the Emba awards.<ref name="about"/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.exchange4media.com/tv/enba-2012winners-speak_47908.html | title= ENBA 2012: Winners speak |accessdate=19 February 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
* [[Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh]], Indian politician<br />
* [[Ravish Kumar]], Indian journalist and anchor<br />
* [[Sandip Ghose]], Indian writer and columnist<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{twitter|soniandtv}}<br />
* [http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/corporatepage/sonia_singh.aspx Sonia Singh] at [[NDTV]]<br />
<br />
{{New Delhi Television Limited}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Sonia}}<br />
[[Category:1970 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Journalists from Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Indian broadcast news analysts]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women television journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women television presenters]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]<br />
[[Category:NDTV Group]]<br />
[[Category:Mass media people from New Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Women writers from Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad&diff=462353Palestinian Islamic Jihad2026-03-18T18:41:10Z<p>Pruthviraj: general rework formatting for consistency and improved wording</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Palestinian political party paramilitary force}}<br />
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox militant organization<br />
| name = Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine<br />{{lang|ar|حركة الجهاد الإسلامي في فلسطين}}<br />
| logo = PIJ emblem.png<br />
| caption = PIJ logo<br />
| dates = October 1981 – present<br />
| other_name = Palestinian Islamic Jihad<br />
| founder = [[Abd Al Aziz Awda]]<br />[[Fathi Shaqaqi]]<br />
| leader = Fathi Shaqaqi (1981–1995){{Assassinated}}<br />[[Ramadan Shalah]] (1995–2018)<br />[[Ziyad al-Nakhalah]] (2018–present)<br />
| motives = <br />
| area = {{Flag|Palestine}} <br /> {{Flag|Lebanon}}<br /> {{Flag|Syria}}<br />
| partof = [[Palestinian Joint Operations Room]]<br />[[Alliance of Palestinian Forces]]<br />[[Axis of Resistance]]<br />
| allies = '''State allies:'''<br />{{flag|Iran}}<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Iran Update, October 30, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-october-30-2023 |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=[[Institute for the Study of War]] |language=en}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the United Arab Republic (1958–1971), Flag of Syria (1980–2024).svg}} [[Ba'athist Syria|Syria]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/04/world/middleeast/islamic-jihad-gains-new-traction-in-gaza.html?_r=0 |title=Islamic Jihad Gains New Traction in Gaza |last1=Rudoren |first1=Jodi|date=3 May 2014|work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=10 May 2014}}</ref> (until 2024){{efn|[[Ba'athist Syria]] lost its territory and was dissolved in December 2024}}<br />'''Non-state allies:'''<br />{{flag|Hezbollah}}<ref name="auto1"/><br />{{flag|Hamas}}<br />{{flag|PFLP}}<br />{{flag|DFLP}}<br />
| opponents = {{flag|Israel}}<br />{{flag|Palestinian Authority}}<br />
| ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap|<br />
|[[Sunni Islamism]]<br />
|[[Jihadism]]<ref name=JihadisminPIJ /><br />
|[[Islamic nationalism]]<br />
|[[Palestinian nationalism]]<ref name=Interview /><br />
|[[Anti-Zionism]]<ref name=Interview /><br />
|[[Anti-imperialism]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Skare |first=Erik |title=A history of Palestinian Islamic Jihad : faith, awareness, and revolution in the Middle East |date=2021 |isbn=978-1-108-95444-0 |location=[[Cambridge, United Kingdom]] |pages=39–43 |oclc=1196822773}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
| position = <br />
| attacks = <br />
| size = 8,000 (2011)<ref name=gedalyahu>{{cite web|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/149498#.TrhgmnF4Vow|title=Iran Backs Islamic Jihad's 8,000-Man Army in Gaza|last=Ben Gedalyahu|first=Tzvi |date=7 November 2011|work=Israel National News|publisher=Arutz Sheva|access-date=7 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108151014/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/149498#.TrhgmnF4Vow|archive-date=8 November 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| revenue = <br />
| financing = <br />
| split_from = [[Muslim Brotherhood]]<br />
| country = [[Palestinian territories|Palestine]]<br />
| designated_as_terror_group_by = {{flag|Australia}}<br />{{flag|Canada}}<br />{{flag|European Union}}<br />{{flag|Israel}}<br />{{flag|New Zealand}}<br />{{flag|United Kingdom}}<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />
| identification_symbol_label = Flag<br />
| identification_symbol = <br />
}}<br />
{{Jihadism sidebar}}<br />
<br />
The '''Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine''' ({{langx|ar|حركة الجهاد الإسلامي في فلسطين}}, ''Ḥarakat al-Jihād al-Islāmi fi Filastīn''), commonly known simply as '''Palestinian Islamic Jihad''' ('''PIJ'''), is an [[Islamism|Islamist]] [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] [[paramilitary]] organization formed in 1981.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Skare |first=Erik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDQTEAAAQBAJ |title=A History of Palestinian Islamic Jihad Faith, Awareness, and Revolution in the Middle East |date=2021-01-28 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=9781108845069 |edition=3rd |page=2 |language=en |doi=10.1017/9781108954440 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br />
<br />
PIJ formed as an offshoot of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] and was influenced ideologically in its formation by the [[Iranian Revolution|Islamic Revolution]] in Iran. It is a member of the [[Alliance of Palestinian Forces]], which rejects the [[Oslo Accords]] and whose objective is the establishment of a sovereign [[Islamic state|Islamic]] [[Palestinian statehood|Palestinian state]].<ref name="WIIJ">[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1658443.stm BBC] Who are Islamic Jihad? 9 June 2003</ref> It [[Calls for the destruction of Israel|calls for the military destruction of Israel]] and rejects a [[two-state solution]].<ref name=ANS/> The organization's financial backing has historically come mainly from [[Syria]] and [[Hezbollah]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/irp/world/para/docs/950500.htm|title=The Terrorist Connection - Iran, The Islamic Jihad And Hamas|website=fas.org|access-date=16 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212213527/https://fas.org/irp/world/para/docs/950500.htm|archive-date=12 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/WWW/NationalSecurity.nsf/Page/What_Governments_are_doing_Listing_of_Terrorism_Organisations_Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820175840/http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/WWW/NationalSecurity.nsf/Page/What_Governments_are_doing_Listing_of_Terrorism_Organisations_Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 August 2006 |title=Australian Government Attorneys General's Department - Palestinian Islamic Jihad|date=20 August 2006|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref> Since 2014, PIJ has seen its power steadily increase with the backing of funds from Iran.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21599826-decline-hamas-may-result-new-wave-chaos-whos-charge |title=The Gaza Strip: Who's in charge? |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=29 March 2014 |access-date=1 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705205238/http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21599826-decline-hamas-may-result-new-wave-chaos-whos-charge |archive-date=5 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> PIJ has notably participated in the ongoing [[Gaza war]] (2023–present), fighting alongside [[Hamas]] and other [[Palestinian Joint Operations Room|allied Palestinian factions]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-11-07 |title=Not only Hamas: eight factions at war with Israel in Gaza |url=https://www.newsweek.com/not-only-hamas-eight-factions-war-israel-gaza-1841292 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=15 May 2024 |title=Fighting intensifies between Israel and Hamas-led militants in north and south Gaza |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/fighting-intensifies-between-israel-hamas-led-militants-north-south-gaza-2024-05-15/ |website=Reuters}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=The Order of Battle of Hamas' Izz al Din al Qassem Brigades, Part 1: North and Central Gaza |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/order-battle-hamas%E2%80%99-izz-al-din-al-qassem-brigades-part-1-north-and-central-gaza |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Institute for the Study of War |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
The armed wing of PIJ is [[Al-Quds Brigades]] (also known as "Saraya"), also formed in 1981, which is active in the [[West Bank]] and the [[Gaza Strip]], with its main strongholds in the West Bank being the cities of [[Hebron]] and [[Jenin]]. Its operations have included [[suicide bombing]]s, attacks on Israeli civilians, as well as the firing of rockets into Israel, targeting civilians. PIJ has been designated a [[List of designated terrorist groups|terrorist organization]] by the United States,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/2002/9014.htm |title=US - Office of Counterterrorism |access-date=23 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111032737/https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/2002/9014.htm |archive-date=11 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> the European Union,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2005/l_340/l_34020051223en00640066.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205010122/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2005/l_340/l_34020051223en00640066.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 February 2009|title=List of organisations recognized as terrorist groups|website=europa.eu|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref> the United Kingdom,<ref>{{cite act |title=[[Terrorism Act 2000]] |number=11 |year=2000 |article=2 |articletype=Schedule |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2 |access-date=28 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121085241/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2 |archive-date=21 January 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Canada,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.psepc.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-en.asp#hhi18 |title=Keeping Canadians Safe|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119150657/http://www.psepc.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-en.asp |archive-date=19 November 2006 }}</ref> Australia,<ref name=ANS>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Listedterroristorganisations/Pages/PalestinianIslamicJihad.aspx |title=Palestinian Islamic Jihad |publisher=Australian National Security |access-date=17 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150309110622/http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Listedterroristorganisations/Pages/PalestinianIslamicJihad.aspx |archive-date=9 March 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> New Zealand<ref name="NZ-r1373-terrorlist">{{cite web |url=http://www.police.govt.nz/advice/personal-community/counterterrorism/designated-entities/lists-associated-with-resolution-1373 |title=Lists associated with Resolution 1373 |publisher=New Zealand Police |date=20 July 2014 |access-date=16 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102210429/http://www.police.govt.nz/advice/personal-community/counterterrorism/designated-entities/lists-associated-with-resolution-1373 |archive-date=2 January 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/publications/renew-pij-2-oct-2013.pdf Statement Of Case To Renew The Designation Of Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) As A Terrorist Entity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019114013/http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/publications/renew-pij-2-oct-2013.pdf |date=19 October 2014 }}, 2013</ref> and Israel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Islamic Jihad|url=https://www.haaretz.com/misc/tags/TAG-islamic-jihad-1.5599123|access-date=2020-10-11|website=haaretz.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History and background==<br />
[[File:Ramadan Shalah.jpg|thumb|[[Ramadan Abdullah Mohammad Shallah]] was wanted by the [[FBI]] for conspiracy to conduct the affairs of the designated international [[terrorist organization]] known as the "Palestinian Islamic Jihad".]]<br />
<br />
PIJ was formally established in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] in 1981 by two Palestinian activists: [[Fathi Shaqaqi|Fathi abd al-Aziz Shaqaqi]], a Rafah-based physician, and [[Abd Al Aziz Awda|Shaykh Abd al-Aziz Awda]], an Islamic preacher from the Jabaliyya refugee camp, as well as [[Ramadan Shalah]], Bashir Moussa, and three other Palestinian radicals. Based in [[Egypt]], Shaqaqi and Awda were originally members of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]]. Their views on the destruction of Israel led them in 1979 to establish Islamic Jihad-Shaqaqi Faction, a branch of the [[Egyptian Islamic Jihad]].<ref name="Wiktorowicz2004">{{cite book|author=Quintan Wiktorowicz|title=Islamic Activism: A Social Movement Theory Approach|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoONJqsjYjcC&pg=PA112|year=2004|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-21621-2|pages=122|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105061458/http://books.google.com/books?id=UoONJqsjYjcC&pg=PA112|archive-date=5 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> and conducted operations out of Egypt. The Shaqaqi Faction was expelled from Egypt in 1981, following the [[assassination of Anwar Sadat]], the 3rd [[president of Egypt]], by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 October 2009 |title=Sadat as a president of Egypt |work=News Egypt |url=http://news.egypt.com/en/sadat-as-a-president-of-egypt.html |url-status=dead |access-date=23 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023064430/http://news.egypt.com/en/sadat-as-a-president-of-egypt.html |archive-date=23 October 2012}}</ref> Shaqaqi and Awda returned to Gaza where they formally established PIJ,<ref>[http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/publications/statement-of-case-palestinian-islamic-jihad-terrorist-entity-11-oct-2010.pdf STATEMENT OF CASE TO DESIGNATE PALESTINIAN ISLAMIC JIHAD (PIJ) AS A TERRORIST ENTITY] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924103437/http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/publications/statement-of-case-palestinian-islamic-jihad-terrorist-entity-11-oct-2010.pdf |date=24 September 2015 }}, New Zealand, October 2000</ref><ref name="Marlowe">{{cite magazine |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,982455,00.html |title=Interview with a Fanatic |last1=Marlowe |first1=Lara |date=6 February 1995 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=4 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205072107/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,982455,00.html |archive-date=5 February 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> from where it continued its operations.<br />
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The aim of the organization was the establishment of a sovereign [[Islamic state|Islamic]] [[Palestinian statehood|Palestinian state]] within the geographic borders of [[History of the State of Palestine|pre-1948]] [[Mandatory Palestine]]. Completely rejecting the political process, the organization professes that its goals can only be achieved through military means.<ref name="CFR">{{cite web |url=http://www.cfr.org/israel/palestinian-islamic-jihad/p15984 |title=Palestinian Islamic Jihad |last1=Fletcher |first1=Holly |date=10 April 2008 |publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |access-date=4 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511152402/http://www.cfr.org/israel/palestinian-islamic-jihad/p15984 |archive-date=11 May 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">{{cite web|url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/15984#8|title=Palestinian Islamic Jihad|access-date=7 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122045604/http://www.cfr.org/publication/15984#8|archive-date=22 January 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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PIJ began its armed operations against Israel in 1984. In 1988, its leaders were exiled by Israel to [[Lebanon]]. While in Lebanon, the group received training, support and other backing from [[Hezbollah]] and [[Hezbollah–Iran relations|its backers in Iran]], and developed a close relationship with the organization. In 1990, the headquarters of PIJ moved to the [[Syria]]n capital, [[Damascus]], where it continues to be based,<ref name="auto">Taylor & Francis, Ltd., "The Damascus-Based Alliance of Palestinian Forces: A Primer" ''Journal of Palestine Studies'' (Spring 2000), pp. 60–76 ([https://www.jstor.org/stable/2676456 JSTOR ref.])</ref> with offices in [[Beirut]], [[Tehran]], and [[Khartoum]].<br />
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PIJ masterminded several [[List of Palestinian suicide attacks|suicide attacks]] in Israel,<ref name=hjournal>{{cite news |title=Palestinians swear revenge for assassination |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JbceAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VM8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=5403,3041425&hl=en |newspaper=Herald Journal |date=28 October 1995 |location=Gaza City |access-date=15 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222190651/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JbceAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VM8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=5403,3041425&hl=en |archive-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> and is considered by Israel the most extreme organization in its operational methods and commitment to the destruction of Israel.<ref name="ReichGoldberg">{{cite book |last1=Reich |first1=Bernard |last2=Goldberg |first2=David H. |date=2008 |title=Historical Dictionary of Israel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mf-xAAAAQBAJ |publisher=Scarecrow Press |pages=373–375 |isbn=978-0-3133-2485-7 |access-date=10 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121180525/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mf-xAAAAQBAJ |archive-date=21 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> By 1995 PIJ was, according to Robert Fisk, "perhaps the fiercest of all Israel's modern-day enemies."<ref name="Fisk">{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/the-doctor-who-finds-death-a-laughing-matter-1570442.html |title=The doctor who finds death a laughing matter |last1=Fisk |first1=Robert |date=30 January 1995 |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |access-date=4 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205073919/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/the-doctor-who-finds-death-a-laughing-matter-1570442.html |archive-date=5 February 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> There was a subsequent crackdown on the PIJ by Israel and the [[Palestinian National Authority]] which led to a significant weakening of the organization.<ref name="Shay">{{cite book |last=Shay |first=Shaul |title=The Axis of Evil: Iran, Hizballah, And The Palestinian Terror |year=2004 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C |publisher=Transaction Publishers |pages=76–77 |isbn=141281779X |access-date=10 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103105750/http://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C |archive-date=3 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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On 20 February 2003, [[University of South Florida]] [[computer engineering]] professor [[Sami Al-Arian]] was arrested after being indicted on a terrorism-related charge. [[United States Attorney General|U.S.&nbsp;attorney general]] [[John Ashcroft]] alleged at a [[press conference]] that Al-Arian was the [[North American]] head of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad. On 6 December 2006, Sami Al-Arian was sentenced to 57&nbsp;months in prison, pursuant to a [[plea bargain]].<ref>''[[St. Petersberg Times]]'', 23 April 2006.</ref> In November 2006 he was found guilty of civil contempt for refusing to testify before a federal [[grand jury]] and served 21&nbsp;months in prison on that conviction. On 27 June 2014, the US Federal Government dropped all charges against Al-Arian.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://interviews.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/18297/details-and-statements-on-federal-court-dismissing |title="Details and Statements On Federal Court Dismissing All Charges Against Sami Al-Arian," Jadaliyya, 27 June 2014. |access-date=30 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714064652/http://interviews.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/18297/details-and-statements-on-federal-court-dismissing |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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PIJ have allegedly used minors for its operations. On 29 March 2004, 15-year-old Tamer Khuweir of [[Rifidia]], a suburb of Palestinian city [[Nablus]] in the West Bank, was captured by Israeli forces as he planned to carry out a suicide mission. His older brother claimed he was brainwashed and demanded the Palestinian Authority investigate the incident and arrest those responsible for it.<ref>{{cite news|title=Brother slams Palestinian militants for luring teenager into suicide mission|url=http://astandforjustice.org/2004/3/3-30-3.htm|access-date=5 September 2014|agency=AFP|publisher=Yahoo News|date=30 March 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911120851/http://astandforjustice.org/2004/3/3-30-3.htm|archive-date=11 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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On 23 January 1995, the founder of PIJ, [[Abd Al Aziz Awda]], was indicted under United States law and added in 2006 to the United States [[FBI Most Wanted Terrorists]] list.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/abd-al-aziz-awda|title=FBI – ABD AL AZIZ AWDA|publisher=FBI|access-date=17 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218000806/http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/abd-al-aziz-awda|archive-date=18 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In February 2012, the [[Hamas government in the Gaza Strip]] distanced itself from PIJ. During the [[March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes]], which followed the Israeli assassination of [[Popular Resistance Committees]] leader, [[Zuhir al-Qaisi]], who bragged of kidnapping [[Gilad Shalit]], PIJ and PRC opened attacks on Israel. Hamas refrained from joining PIJ and PRC in attacking Israel.<ref name="IBZ 14Mar2012">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/37526/|title=The eye of the Islamic Jihad storm|author=Ilan Ben Zion|date=14 March 2012|newspaper=The Times of Israel|access-date=29 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315204731/http://www.timesofisrael.com/37526/|archive-date=15 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Over a hundred Palestinians were killed or injured in the ensuing violence, but no Hamas targets were killed.<ref name="Tab">{{cite news |author=[[Marc Tracy]] |date=12 March 2012 |title=Terrorist Killing Prompts Gaza Rocket Exchange |work=Tablet Magazine |url=http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/93795/terrorist-killing-prompts-gaza-rocket-exchange/ |url-status=live |access-date=31 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402114940/http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/93795/terrorist-killing-prompts-gaza-rocket-exchange/ |archive-date=2 April 2012}}</ref> The subsequent ceasefire was negotiated between Israel and the militant groups, not Hamas.<br />
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In May 2015, London-based Arabic newspaper ''[[Asharq al-Awsat]]'' reported that Iran had stopped funding PIJ due to the group's neutrality over the [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]], throwing PIJ into a severe financial crisis. Iran had expected PIJ to condemn the intervention led by Saudi Arabia, Iran's chief regional rival. Palestinian newspaper ''[[al-Quds (newspaper)|al-Quds]]'' reported that Iran is now supporting an offshoot of PIJ called [[Sabireen Movement|as-Sabirin]] (Arabic for "the patient ones"), headed by Islamic Jihad veteran Hisham Salem.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/iran-said-to-pull-islamic-jihads-funding-over-groups-neutrality-on-yemen/|work=The Times of Israel|date=26 May 2015|access-date=26 May 2015|author=Elhanan Miller|title=Iran said to pull Islamic Jihad's funding over group's neutrality on Yemen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526233553/http://www.timesofisrael.com/iran-said-to-pull-islamic-jihads-funding-over-groups-neutrality-on-yemen/|archive-date=26 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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Under the former leadership of Ramadan Shalah, the group would receive approximately US$70 million per year from the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps of Iran.<ref>Eldar, Shlomi. (5 February 2019). "Islamic Jihad, the new lord of Gaza?" [https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/02/israel-egypt-gaza-strip-palestinians-hamas-islamic-jihad.html Al-Monitor website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114220647/https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/02/israel-egypt-gaza-strip-palestinians-hamas-islamic-jihad.html |date=14 November 2019 }} Retrieved 14 November 2019.</ref><br />
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==Ideology, motives and beliefs==<br />
{{main|Ideology of Palestinian Islamic Jihad}}<br />
Ramadan Shalah was interviewed by Scott Atran and Robert Axelrod in [[Damascus]], Syria, on 15 December 2009. In the interview, he said that hope for a two-state solution was gone and that there was little international support for a [[one-state solution]] in which "Palestinians have rights in all of historic Palestine". Thus he advocated for armed struggle until Israel's defeat.<ref name="Interview" /><br />
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<blockquote><br />
We are the indigenous people of the land. I was born in Gaza. My family, brothers and sisters, live in Gaza. But I am not allowed to visit them. But any American or Siberian Jew is allowed to take our land. There is no possibility today of a two-state solution. That idea is dead. And there is no real prospect of a one-state solution...<br />
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I will never, under any conditions, accept the existence of the state of Israel. I have no problem living with the Jewish people...<br />
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We have lived together in peace for centuries. And if Netanyahu were to ask if we can live together in one state, I would say to him: "If we have exactly the same rights as Jews to come to all of Palestine. If [[Khaled Mashal|Khaled Meshaal]] and Ramadan Shalah can come whenever they want, and visit Haifa, and buy a home in [[Herzliya]]h if they want, then we can have a new language, and dialogue is possible."<ref name=Interview>{{cite journal|url=http://jeannicod.ccsd.cnrs.fr/docs/00/50/53/76/PDF/Ramadan_Shallah.pdf|title=Interview with Ramadan Shallah, Secretary General, Palestinian Islamic Jihad (Damascus, Syria, December 15, 2009)|journal=Perspectives on Terrorism|volume=IV|issue=2|date=23 July 2010|access-date=8 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602185625/http://jeannicod.ccsd.cnrs.fr/docs/00/50/53/76/PDF/Ramadan_Shallah.pdf|archive-date=2 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
</blockquote><br />
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In 2009 interview with Al-Jazeera, PIJ leader Ramadan Abdullah Shallah rejected the two-state solution, said "the one-state solution is better than the two-state solution" and accused the [[Palestinian Authority]] of being complicit with the Israeli occupation.<ref>{{cite news|title='Two-state solution is a disaster'|date=2009-10-14|publisher=[[Al-Jazeera English]]}}</ref><br />
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In a 2002 book, [[Yonah Alexander]] wrote that PIJ [[calls for the destruction of Israel]], rejects the option of a peaceful settlement with Israel, and advocates the use of guerrilla tactics to achieve that aim. Israel's eradication is viewed as an essential prerequisite for addressing the challenges facing the Muslim world. It envisions laying the groundwork for a future scenario in which a significant Islamic Arab army engages in military confrontation to achieve Israel's destruction. The PIJ has been accountable for some of the deadliest [[List of Palestinian suicide attacks|suicide attacks]] in Israel.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Alexander |first=Yonah |url=https://brill.com/view/title/13940 |title=Palestinian Religious Terrorism: Hamas and Islamic Jihad |date=2002-01-01 |publisher=Brill {{!}} Nijhoff |isbn=978-90-04-47981-4 |pages=29 |doi=10.1163/9789004479814}}</ref> <br />
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The group is a Sunni Jihadist movement but includes other religious beliefs.<ref name=JihadisminPIJ>Ahronheim, Anna and JP Staff. (3 November 2019). "Who is Abu Al-Ata: the man behind rocket fire from Gaza Strip?". [https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Who-is-Abu-al-Ata-The-man-suspectedly-responsible-for-Gaza-escalation-606639 Jerusalem Post website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112020840/https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Who-is-Abu-al-Ata-The-man-suspectedly-responsible-for-Gaza-escalation-606639 |date=12 November 2019 }} Retrieved 12 November 2019.</ref><br />
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==Activities==<br />
{{see also|Palestinian domestic weapons production}}<br />
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===Militant activities===<br />
{{cleanup list|section|date=October 2023}}<br />
[[File:Training of al-Quds Brigades snipers in Gaza (05).jpg|thumb|Training of al-Quds Brigades [[sniper]]s in Gaza, 25 December 2013]]<br />
[[File:Al-Quds Brigades (11).jpg|thumb|Al-Quds Brigades weapons exhibition/parade, Gaza Strip, 7 January 2022]]<br />
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The Palestinian Islamic Jihad pledges that armed resistance will continue as long as Israel [[Israeli-occupied territories|maintains the occupation]] and conducts military operations against Palestinians.<ref name=Rudolph/> Nonetheless, it states "the decision to end resistance belongs to that of the people". PIJ has employed suicide bombing as a tactic in realization that Palestinian military capabilities are outmatched by Israeli sophisticated weaponry.<ref name=Rudolph/> Its objectives are to "maximum[ize] amount of loss to the Israeli military".<ref name=Rudolph/> PIJ states that their policy is that targeting innocent civilians is prohibited.<ref name=Rudolph/> However, it allows for targeting Israeli civilians in response to Israeli targeting of Palestinian civilians. Nevertheless, PIJ states that in such scenarios they prioritize targeting the Israeli military over targeting civilians. Finally, PIJ states they reject any use of force against non-Israelis.<ref name=Rudolph>{{cite book |last1=Engeland |first1=Anisseh van |last2=Rudolph |first2=Rachael M. |title=From terrorism to politics |date=2008 |publisher=Ashgate |location=Aldershot, England; Burlington, VT |isbn=9780754649908 |pages=106–107}}</ref> PIJ has also [[Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel|deployed]] its own rocket, similar to the Qassam rocket used by Hamas, called the [[al-Quds rocket]].<br />
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====List of attacks====<br />
* August 1987: The PIJ claimed responsibility for a shooting that killed the commander of the Israeli military police in the [[Gaza Strip]].<ref name="WIIJ" /><br />
* July 1989: Attack of Egged bus 405 along the [[Highway 1 (Israel)|Jerusalem–Tel Aviv highway]], at least 14 people killed (including two Canadians and one American) and dozens more wounded. Though intended to be a suicide attack, the perpetrator survived.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YaEHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ljUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5436%2C971561|work=Rome News-Tribune|date=7 July 1989|title=Palestinian accused in bus crash|agency=AP|page=6-A|access-date=18 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121180525/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YaEHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ljUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5436%2C971561|archive-date=21 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* 4 February 1990: A bus carrying Israeli tourists in Egypt was attacked. The attack left 11 people, including 9 Israelis, dead and 17 others injured.<ref>[https://fas.org/irp/threat/terror_90/mideast.html Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1990] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407203350/https://fas.org/irp/threat/terror_90/mideast.html |date=7 April 2019 }}<br />
Middle East Overview</ref><br />
* February 1992: In the [[Night of the Pitchforks]], PIJ members killed three Israeli soldiers asleep in their base, using knives, axes and a pitchfork.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-20 |title=Savage Murder of Israeli Recruits Badly Tarnishes Reputation of IDF |url=https://www.jta.org/archive/savage-murder-of-israeli-recruits-badly-tarnishes-reputation-of-idf |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* 6 April 1992: An [[Israel Defence Force|Israeli Army]] convoy was ambushed in [[Hula]], South Lebanon. Two soldiers were killed and five wounded. The target had been Major-General [[Yitzhak Mordechai]], head of Israel's [[Northern Command (Israel)|Northern Command]], who had left the convoy earlier. Three of the attackers were killed.<ref>[[Middle East International]] No 423, 17 April 1992, Publishers [[Christopher Mayhew|Lord Mayhew]], [[Dennis Walters|Dennis Walters MP]]; Gerald Butt pp.11,12</ref><br />
* December 1993: David Mashrati, an Israeli reserve soldier, was shot and killed by a terrorist at the [[Holon|Holon Junction]]. The PIJ claimed responsibility for the attack.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human rights situation in the OT - Note verbale from Israel |url=https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-185403/ |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=Question of Palestine |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* April 1994: A PIJ member attacked a group of Israelis waiting for a bus at the city of Ashdod, killing one and injuring others.<ref>{{Cite book |last=O'Ballance |first=Edgar |title=The Palestinian Intifada |date=27 July 2016 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan UK]] |isbn=9781349261062 |pages=171}}</ref><br />
* January 1995: Bomb attack near [[Netanya]] killing eighteen soldiers and one civilian.<ref name="Palestinian Islamic Jihad" /><br />
* April 1995: Bomb Attack in [[Netzarim (settlement)|Netzarim]] and [[Kfar Darom]]. The first bomb killed 8 people including American student, [[Alisa Flatow]], and injured over 30 on an Israel bus; the [[Kfar Darom bus attack|second attack]] was a car bomb that injured 12 people.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fletcher |first=Elaine Ruth |title=Terror deals a blow to Mideast peace |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/e/a/1995/04/10/NEWS16316.dtl |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121216121031/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/e/a/1995/04/10/NEWS16316.dtl |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 December 2012 |access-date=2024-05-06 |work=SFGATE |language=en}}</ref><br />
* March 1996: A Tel Aviv shopping mall is the site of another bombing killing 20 and injuring 75.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://1997-2001.state.gov/global/terrorism/1996Report/middle.html#:~:text=On+4+March+a+suicide,claimed+responsibility+for+this+bombing.|title=1996 Global Terrorism: Middle East Overview|website=1997-2001.state.gov}}</ref><br />
* November 2000: A car bomb in Jerusalem at an outdoor market killed two people and injured ten.<ref name="aph.gov.au">{{cite web|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/pjcaad/pij/report/chapter3.pdf |title=The Listing of Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) |publisher=Parliament of Australia |access-date=8 March 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080824073823/http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/pjcaad/pij/report/chapter3.pdf |archive-date=24 August 2008 }}</ref><br />
* March 2002: A bomb killed seven people and injured approximately thirty aboard a bus travelling from Tel Aviv to Nazareth.<ref name="aph.gov.au" /><br />
* June 2002: Eighteen people are killed and fifty injured in an attack at the [[Megiddo Junction bus bombing|Megiddo Junction]].<ref name="Palestinian Islamic Jihad" /><br />
* July 2002: A [[Neve Shaanan Street bombing|double attack in Tel Aviv]] killed five people and injured forty.{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}<br />
* November 2002: Twelve soldiers and security personnel killed in an [[2002 Hebron ambush|ambush in Hebron]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/hebron-ambush-scene-dubbed-death-alley-1.28141|title=Hebron ambush scene dubbed 'Death Alley'|newspaper=Haaretz|date=17 November 2002|access-date=18 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105200941/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/hebron-ambush-scene-dubbed-death-alley-1.28141|archive-date=5 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - Propaganda Poster Glorifying Suicide Bomber.jpg|thumb|After the [[Afula mall bombing]], PIJ stated that the [[suicide bomber]] was a 19-year-old Palestinian female student named Hiba Daraghmeh.]]<br />
* May 2003: Three people killed and eighty-three injured in a suicide bombing at a [[Afula mall bombing|shopping mall]] in [[Afula]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |last=Toolis |first=Kevin |date=22 November 2003 |title=Walls of death |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2003/nov/23/features.magazine47 |access-date=11 June 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><br />
* August 2003: A bomber killed 21 people and injured more than 100 people on a bus in Jerusalem.<ref name="aph.gov.au"/><br />
* October 2003: PIJ affiliated suicide bomber [[Hanadi Jaradat]] detonated an [[explosive belt]] inside a restaurant in [[Haifa]], killing 21 Israelis and wounding 60 others.<br />
* October 2005: Palestinian [[Suicide attack|suicide bomber]] detonated an explosive device in a [[Hadera Market bombing|Hadera market]], killing seven people and injuring 55, five of them severely.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 October 2005 |title=BBC NEWS - Middle East - Five die in Israel market bombing |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4379052.stm |access-date=13 December 2014}}</ref><ref>[https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3159800,00.html Islamic Jihad: More attacks coming], Ynet News, 26 October 2005</ref><br />
* April 2006: A bomb in a [[2nd Rosh Ha'ir restaurant bombing|Tel Aviv eatery]] killed eleven and injured 70.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |last1=Urquhart |first1=Conal |date=2006-04-17 |title=Suicide bomber strikes Tel Aviv |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/apr/18/israel |access-date=18 September 2023 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><br />
* January 2007: Both the [[al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades]] and the PIJ claim responsibility for a suicide bombing at an [[Eilat]] bakery that killed three.<ref name="Palestinian Islamic Jihad" /><br />
* June 2007: In a failed assault on an IDF position at the [[Gush Katif|Kissufim crossing]] between Gaza and Israel in a possible attempt to kidnap IDF soldiers, four armed members of the [[al-Quds Brigades]] (the military wing of Islamic Jihad) and the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (the military wing of [[Fatah]]) allegedly used a vehicle marked with "TV" and "PRESS" insignias penetrated the border fence and assaulted a guard tower in what Islamic Jihad and the army said was a failed attempt to capture an Israeli soldier.<ref name="jpost.com">{{Cite web|url=https://fr.jpost.com/Tags/satellite|title=Satellite News and latest stories &#124; The Jerusalem Post|website=fr.jpost.com}}</ref> IDF troops killed one militant, while the others escaped. The use of a vehicle that resembled a press vehicle evoked a sharp response from many journalists and news organizations. The Middle East director for [[Human Rights Watch]] Sarah Leah Whitsonn responded, "Using a vehicle with press markings to carry out a military attack is a serious violation of the laws of war, and it also puts journalists at risk."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/06/13/isrlpa16156.htm|title=Gaza: Armed Palestinian Groups Commit Grave Crimes|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=17 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081107105037/http://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/06/13/isrlpa16156.htm|archive-date=7 November 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> The FPA responded by saying,<br />
<br />
<blockquote>Armored vehicles marked with TV are an invaluable protection for genuine journalists working in hostile environments. The FPA has long campaigned for the continued availability of armored vehicles for its members, despite official opposition in some quarters. The abuse of this recognized protection for the working journalist is a grave development and we condemn those that carried it out. Such an incident will reduce the protection offered by marked vehicles.<ref name="jpost.com"/></blockquote><br />
<br />
: During a press conference, an Islamic Jihad spokesperson Abu Ahmed denied that they had put press markings on the jeep used in the attack and said, "The Al-Quds Brigades used an armoured jeep resembling military armoured jeeps used by the Zionist intelligence services."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newssafety.com/hotspots/countries/gaza/afp/gaza100607.htm|title=Journalists slam use of 'press vehicle' by Gaza militants|access-date=17 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927005056/http://www.newssafety.com/hotspots/countries/gaza/afp/gaza100607.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* On 26 March 2009, two Islamic Jihad members were imprisoned for a [[conspiracy (crime)|conspiracy]] "to murder Israeli pilots and scientists using booby-trapped toy cars".<ref>Stoil, Rebecca Anna. [https://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1237727553638 "Two Islamic Jihad conspirators jailed."]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''[[Jerusalem Post]]''. 26 March 2009. Retrieved 27 March 2009.</ref><br />
* On 15 November 2012, Islamic Jihad fired two Fajr-5s at Tel Aviv from Gaza, one landing in an uninhabited area of the suburbs and the other in the sea.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-palestinians-israel-hamas-idUKBRE8AD0WL20121115|title=Rockets hit near Tel Aviv as Gaza death toll rises|date=15 November 2012|work=Reuters|access-date=17 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218012106/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/11/15/uk-palestinians-israel-hamas-idUKBRE8AD0WL20121115|archive-date=18 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* On 24 June 2013, six rockets were fired into Israel; major news outlets reported that the Islamic Jihad were behind the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4396107,00.html|title=6 Gaza rockets hit south; IDF retaliates|work=ynet|date=23 June 2013|access-date=17 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213090402/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4396107,00.html|archive-date=13 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Defense/Three-rockets-fired-from-Gaza-towards-South-317505|title=Six rockets fired from Gaza towards Israel's South|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=24 June 2013 |access-date=17 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204144512/http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Three-rockets-fired-from-Gaza-towards-South-317505|archive-date=4 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/three-rockets-fired-from-gaza-explode-in-south/|title=Six rockets fired from Gaza explode in southern Israel|work=The Times of Israel|access-date=17 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214151913/http://www.timesofisrael.com/three-rockets-fired-from-gaza-explode-in-south/|archive-date=14 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Isabel Kershner, [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/25/world/middleeast/rocket-fire-from-gaza-shakes-cease-fire-with-israel.html "Rocket Fire From Gaza Shakes Cease-Fire With Israel"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403103542/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/25/world/middleeast/rocket-fire-from-gaza-shakes-cease-fire-with-israel.html |date=3 April 2017 }}, ''The New York Times'', 25 June 2013.</ref><br />
* In March 2014 over 100 rockets were launched into southern Israel by PIJ and other Islamist groups. On 14 March Shalah announced that the attack was coordinated with [[Hamas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.algemeiner.com/2014/03/14/islamic-jihad-leader-israel-attack-coordinated-with-hamas-despite-truce-threatens-tel-aviv/|title=Islamic Jihad Leader: Israel Attack Coordinated with Hamas; Despite Truce, Threatens Tel Aviv - Jewish & Israel News Algemeiner.com|work=Algemeiner.com|access-date=17 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218040011/http://www.algemeiner.com/2014/03/14/islamic-jihad-leader-israel-attack-coordinated-with-hamas-despite-truce-threatens-tel-aviv/|archive-date=18 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* PIJ participated in the [[October 7 attacks]], the impetus of the ongoing Gaza war, and has fought alongside Hamas and other [[Palestinian Joint Operations Room|allied Palestinian factions]] in subsequent battles inside the Gaza Strip.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><br />
* PIJ took responsibility for a [[2025 Gush Etzion attack|ramming and stabbing attack]] in the [[Gush Etzion Junction]] on 18 November 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yagna |first1=Yanir |title=One killed in West Bank terror ramming, stabbing |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-874312 |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |issn=0792-822X |date=18 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Social services===<br />
Islamic Jihad also control dozens of religious organizations in the [[Palestinian territories]] that are registered as NGOs and operate [[mosque]]s, schools, and medical facilities that offer free services.<ref name=p69>[https://books.google.com/books?id=QwsWs7mdl5UC&q=%22islamic+jihad%22+&pg=PA67 Palestinian civil society: foreign donors and the power to promote and exclude] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121180525/https://books.google.com/books?id=QwsWs7mdl5UC&pg=PA67&dq=%22islamic+jihad%22+palestine&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9Ps_T6qQLIPA0QW_7ZmPDw&ved=0CHAQ6AEwCTi0AQ#v=onepage&q=%22islamic%20jihad%22%20&f=false |date=21 January 2016 }}. Benoît Challand. p. 67-69.</ref> Like other Islamic associations, these are heavily scrutinized by the [[Palestinian National Authority]] who have shut some of them down.<ref name=p69/> In one Islamic Jihad kindergarten graduation, children dressed up in military uniforms, waved guns, shouted anti-Israel slogans, and spoke of blowing themselves up to kill "Zionists".<ref name="Yedioth Ahronot">{{cite news|last=Levy|first=Elior|title=Gaza kindergartners want to 'blow up Zionists'|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4241588,00.html|access-date=9 July 2012|newspaper=Yedioth Ahronot|date=12 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713005544/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4241588,00.html|archive-date=13 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://saraya.ps/index.php?act=Show&id=21479|title=سرايا القدس الاعلام الحربي|publisher=Saraya|access-date=10 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013203222/http://saraya.ps/index.php?act=Show&id=21479|archive-date=13 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Islamic Jihad also operates dozens of summer camps for children. They have opened up 51 summer camps which attracted approximately 10,000 children in 2010.<br />
<br />
<blockquote>We teach the children the truth. How the Jews persecuted the prophets and tortured them. We stress that the Jews killed and slaughtered Arabs and Palestinians every chance they got. Most important, the children understand that the conflict with the Jews is not over land, but rather over religion. As long as Jews remain here, between the [Jordan] river and the sea, they will be our enemy and we will continue to pursue and kill them. When they leave we won't hurt them.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/jihad-summer-camp-sand-soccer-and-the-zionist-enemy-1.195922|title=Jihad summer camp: Sand, soccer and the Zionist enemy|work=Haaretz|date=27 August 2006|access-date=12 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111171315/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/jihad-summer-camp-sand-soccer-and-the-zionist-enemy-1.195922|archive-date=11 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref></blockquote><br />
<br />
==Notable PIJ members==<br />
===Secretaries-General===<br />
[[File:3rd International Conference on Quds and Protecting the Rights of the Palestinian People 16.jpg|thumb|PIJ's founder [[Ramadan Shalah]] (right) and Hamas leader [[Khaled Mashal]] in Tehran, Iran, 14 April 2006]]<br />
[[File:Ali Khamenei met with Ziyad Al-Nakhaleh03.jpg|thumb|PIJ's Secretary-General [[Ziyad al-Nakhalah]] (left) with [[Iran]]'s Ayatollah [[Ali Khamenei]] in Tehran, Iran, 31 December 2018]]<br />
* [[Fathi Shaqaqi]]: founder of PIJ, 1981–1995, assassinated by [[Mossad]] gunmen.<br />
* [[Ramadan Shalah]]: founder of PIJ, 1995–2018.<br />
* [[Ziyad al-Nakhalah]]: 2018–present.<br />
<br />
===Other members===<br />
* [[Mahmoud Tawalbe]]: senior leader in [[Jenin]], killed during [[Operation Defensive Shield]] by an [[IDF Caterpillar D9]], 2002.<ref name="jenin">{{cite news |last=Rees |first=Matt |author-link=Matt Rees |year=2002 |title=The Battle of Jenin |url=http://www.time.com/time/2002/jenin/story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031011044738/http://www.time.com/time/2002/jenin/story.html |archive-date=11 October 2003 |access-date=4 February 2022 |magazine=[[TIME]]}}</ref><br />
* [[Mahmoud Seader]]: leader in [[Hebron]].<br />
* [[Hanadi Jaradat]]: female [[suicide bomber]], committed the [[Maxim restaurant suicide bombing]], 4 October 2003.<br />
* [[Mohammed Dadouh]]: senior commander in Gaza, assassinated by Israeli missile, 21 May 2006.<br />
* [[Mahmoud al-Majzoub]]: member of the [[Shura Council]], killed by car bomb, 26 May 2006.<br />
* [[Hanadi Jaradat|Husam Jaradat]]: senior commander in [[Jenin]], cousin of Hanadi Jaradat, assassinated in the Jenin refugee quarters, 30 August 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stockholmsfria.nu/artikel/7274|title=Samtal med en terrorist|work=Stockholms Fria|access-date=17 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927034345/http://www.stockholmsfria.nu/artikel/7274|archive-date=27 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* [[Ayman al-Fayed]]: senior commander of [[Gaza Strip]], assassinated in a blast in the [[Bureij (camp)|Bureij refugee camp]], 16 February 2008.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7247983.stm Blast kills senior Gaza militant] ''[[BBC News]]''</ref><br />
* [[Ziad Abu-Tir]]: senior member of the military wing was killed in an Israeli airstrike in the [[Khan Younis]] area, 29 December 2008.<ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3646633,00.html Senior Jihad man, 14 others die in IDF strikes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230133306/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3646633,00.html |date=30 December 2008 }}, Ynet, 29 December 2008</ref><br />
* [[Khaled Shalan]]: senior commander killed by an Israeli missile strike on his car in Gaza, 4 March 2009.<ref>[https://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1236103157267&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull IAF kills senior Islamic Jihad commander]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, JPost, 3 April 2009</ref><br />
* [[Baha Abu al-Ata]]: leader killed by an Israeli missile strike in Gaza, 12 November 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-rocket-attacks-after-gaza-strike-kills-islamic-jihad-leader-bahaa-abu-el-atta-iran-2019-11-12/|title=Israel kills Islamic Jihad leader in Gaza, Iran-backed militants respond with rockets|website=CBS News|date=12 November 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112141650/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-rocket-attacks-after-gaza-strike-kills-islamic-jihad-leader-bahaa-abu-el-atta-iran-2019-11-12/|archive-date=12 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* [[Akram al-Ajouri]]: leader who survived an Israeli airstrike in Damascus, 12 November 2019, but his son and daughter were killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/islamic-jihad-says-senior-commander-targeted-in-damascus-strike-son-killed/|title=Islamic Jihad says senior commander targeted in Damascus strike, son killed|website=The Times of Israel|date=12 November 2019|access-date=12 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112105424/https://www.timesofisrael.com/islamic-jihad-says-senior-commander-targeted-in-damascus-strike-son-killed/|archive-date=12 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* [[Khaled al-Batsh]]: current PIJ leader in the Gaza Strip.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/islamic-jihad-leader-warns-of-escalation-if-israel-doesnt-meet-understandings/ |title=Islamic Jihad leader warns of escalation if Israel doesn't meet understandings |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |access-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603074344/https://www.timesofisrael.com/islamic-jihad-leader-warns-of-escalation-if-israel-doesnt-meet-understandings/ |archive-date=3 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
* [[Sameh Fahim Hashem Al Mamluk]]: head of the rocket squad in the northern Gaza strip, killed on 11 May 2021 during [[2021 Israel-Palestine crisis]].<br />
* [[Mohammad Yahya Abu-Al-Ata]] : brother of [[Baha Abu al-Ata]], deputy commander of the Gaza Brigades, killed on 11 May 2021 during [[2021 Israel-Palestine crisis]].<br />
* [[Tayseer Jabari]]: military leader who succeeded Baha Abu al-Ata, killed on 5 August 2022 during [[Operation Breaking Dawn]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/rjvc4j9pc|title=יורשו של בהא אבו אל-עטא חוסל בדירת מסתור. מנהיג הארגון: "הולכים ללחימה"|trans-title=The successor of Baha Abu al-Ata was killed in a hiding place. The leader of the organization: "Going to fight"|language=he|first1=ליעד|last1=אוסמו|first2=אייל|last2=ערביד|date=5 August 2022|newspaper=Ynet|access-date=5 August 2022}}</ref><br />
* [[Khaled Mansour (PIJ commander)|Khaled Mansour]]: southern command chief, killed on 6 August 2022 during Operation Breaking Dawn.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/sjsm5sht9|title=IDF says it killed Islamic Jihad's southern command chief|work=Ynet|date=6 August 2022}}</ref><br />
* [[Tarek Ezzedine]] : PIJ commander in Judea and Samaria, killed on 9 May 2023 during [[May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes|Operation Shield and Arrow]]<br />
<br />
* [[Jihad Shaker Al Ghannam]]: southern command chief, killed in May 2023<ref>{{Cite web| title=Palestinians Killed during Operation Shield and Arrow in the Gaza Strip Findings and Analysis | date=2023-05-16 | url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/app/uploads/2023/05/E_093_23.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025035626/https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/app/uploads/2023/05/E_093_23.pdf | archive-date=2023-10-25}}</ref><br />
* [[Muhammad Abu Sakhil]]: Head of military operation in Gaza Strip replacing Iyad Al Husni who was killed in May 2023, killed with his journalists children on 11 November 2024.<br />
* [[Mamduh Lulu]]: Head of military operation in Northern Gaza Strip, killed on 3 January 2024.<br />
* [[Abu Hamza (spokesperson)]] : Saraya Al Quds spokesman, killed together with his wife on 17 March 2025.<br />
* [[Adham Adnan al-Othman]], senior commander in Lebanon, killed on 2 March 2026 in Beirut's southern suburbs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2026 |title=Palestinian Islamic Jihad armed wing says Lebanon commander killed in Israeli strikes |url=https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1496991/palestinian-islamic-jihad-armed-wing-says-lebanon-commander-killed-in-israeli-strikes.html |access-date=2 March 2026 |website=L'Orient Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{portal|Palestine}}<br />
* [[Black September (group)|Black September]]<br />
* [[Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] (DFLP)<br />
* [[Hamas]]<br />
* [[Hezbollah]]<br />
* [[Islamization of Gaza]]<br />
* [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]<br />
* [[List of Palestinian Islamic Jihad suicide attacks]]<br />
* [[March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes]]<br />
* [[Palestinian political violence]]<br />
* [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] (PFLP)<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* [http://www.saraya.ps/ Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119034650/http://www.saraya.ps/ |date=19 November 2012 }}<br />
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/middle_east/israel_and_the_palestinians/profiles/1005081.stm BBC: Israel and the Palestinians]<br />
* {{cite book|last=Hatina|first=Meir|title=Islam and Salvation in Palestine: The Islamic Jihad Movement|year=2001|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=9652240486}}<br />
* {{cite web|last=Fletcher|first=Holly|title=Palestinian Islamic Jihad|url=http://www.cfr.org/israel/palestinian-islamic-jihad/p15984|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations|access-date=22 August 2012|date=10 April 2008|archive-date=11 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511152402/http://www.cfr.org/israel/palestinian-islamic-jihad/p15984|url-status=dead}}<br />
* [http://www.upi.com/InternationalIntelligence/view.php?StoryID=20051205-034143-4308r Quartet to Syria: Block 'Jihad'] 5 December 2005<br />
<br />
{{PIJ and Saraya}}<br />
{{Israeli-Palestinian conflict|Participants}}<br />
{{Palestine topics}}<br />
{{Islam topics| state = collapsed}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine| ]]<br />
[[Category:1981 establishments in Palestine]]<br />
[[Category:Anti-imperialism in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Anti-imperialist organizations]]<br />
[[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Lebanon]]<br />
[[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Palestine]]<br />
[[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Syria]]<br />
[[Category:Anti-Zionism in Palestine]]<br />
[[Category:Axis of Resistance]]<br />
[[Category:Islamist groups]]<br />
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1981]]<br />
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by Australia]]<br />
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by New Zealand]]<br />
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by the European Union]]<br />
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:Organizations affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood]]<br />
[[Category:Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist]]<br />
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Canada]]<br />
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Israel]]<br />
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nabhi-nandana-jinoddhara-prabandha&diff=519720Nabhi-nandana-jinoddhara-prabandha2026-03-18T08:19:06Z<p>Pruthviraj: stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Medieval Jain text}}<br />
{{italics title}}<br />
{{Infobox religious text<br />
| image = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Nābhi-nandana-jinoddhāra-prabandha <br />
| religion = [[Jainism]]<br />
| author = Kakka Suri<br />
| language = [[Sanskrit]]<br />
| period = 1336 <br />
}}<br />
The '''''Nābhi-nandana-jinoddhāra-prabandha''''' is a 1336 [[Sanskrit]] book in the [[prabandha]] genre written by the [[Jain]] scholar Kakka Suri (Kakkasūri). The main objective of the book is to record the renovation of the [[Rishabhanatha]] [[Palitana temples|Jain temple]] on [[Shatrunjaya]] hill in Gujarat, during the [[Delhi Sultanate]] rule. The work also provides other information, such as a history of the author's spiritual lineage ([[gaccha]]) and a description of the Delhi Sultan [[Alauddin Khalji]]'s military conquests.<br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
[[File:Palitana, Shatrunjaya, Adishwar Temple (9721034826).jpg|thumb|Rishabhanatha temple on Shatrunjaya hill which replaced the renovated temple in 16th century.]]<br />
During [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat]], some [[Jain]] temples in [[Gujarat]] had been desecrated. In 1315, Alauddin's governor [[Alp Khan]] allowed restoration of these temples. Samara Shaha, a wealthy merchant from [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]], led a large pilgrimage to [[Shatrunjaya]], and carried out a renovation of the temples in a grand ceremony. His guide was Siddhasuri, an [[acharya (Jainism)|acharya]] of the [[Upkeśa Gaccha|Upakesha-gaccha]].{{sfn|John Cort|2010|p=213}}<br />
<br />
This was the fifteenth renovation of the Shatrunjaya temples.{{sfn|John Cort|2010|p=213}} During the seventh renovation, an [[murti|image]] from the sixth renovation had been hidden in a cave.{{sfn|John Cort|2010|p=214}} Siddhasuri found this image of the Jain [[tirthankara]] [[Rishabhanatha|Adinatha]], and Samara had it reconsecrated during the fifteenth renovation.{{sfn|John Cort|2010|p=214}}{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1956|p=96}}<br />
<br />
Kakka Suri, a disciple of Siddhasuri, composed ''Nabhi-nandana-jinoddhara-prabandha'' to narrate the story of this fifteenth renovation, as well as the previous renovations. The title of the work means "Narrative of the Renovation of the Temple of the Jina Who is the Joy of [[Nabhi]]". In addition, the book provides a history of the author's spiritual lineage.{{sfn|John Cort|2010|p=214}}<br />
<br />
The text was completed in 1336 CE (1393 [[Vikrama Samvat|VS]]).{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1956|p=96}} It contains 2344 verses, which provide information about the social, economic, religious and political history of the period.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1956|p=98}}<br />
<br />
== Description of Alauddin's achievements ==<br />
Notably, the book also contains 9 verses describing the military conquests of the Delhi Sultan [[Alauddin Khalji]], a Muslim whose forces had destroyed the temples.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1956|p=96}} Kakka Suri does not list the motives of Muslims in destroying the temples, and suggests that such misfortunes are to be expected in the sinful [[Kali Yuga]]. He instead focuses on demonstrating the Jain community's prosperity by describing the lavish renovations.{{sfn|Paul Dundas|2003|p=145}}<br />
<br />
Kakka Suri describes the military conquests of Alauddin as follows:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Verse{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1956|p=96}}<br />
! Meaning{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1956|p=97-98}}<br />
|-<br />
| III.1 - "The ruler at that time was Sultān Alāvadīna who like the ocean covered the earth on all sides. Like mighty billows were his prancing horses."<br />
| Alāvadīna here refers to Alauddin Khalji<br />
|-<br />
| III.2 - "Going to Devagiri, he captured its ruler, but reinstated him there to serve as it were a pillar of his victory."<br />
| This refers to [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Devagiri]]. The ruler of Devagiri is the [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Yadava]] king [[Ramachandra of Devagiri|Ramachandra]], who continued to rule as Alauddin's vassal after his defeat.<br />
|-<br />
| III.3 - "Having slain the proud and brave ruler, Hammīra, the overlord of [[Sapadalaksha|Sapādalakṣa]], he took all that he (Hammīra) had."<br />
| This refers to [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Ranthambore]]. [[Hammiradeva|Hammīra]] is the [[Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura|Chahamana]] ruler of Ranthambore.<br />
|-<br />
| III.4 - "He captured the lord of Citrakūṭa fort, took away his property, and made him move like a monkey from one city to another"<br />
| Chitrakuta ([[IAST]]: Citrakūṭa) is the modern [[Chittor Fort]], which Alauddin captured after the [[Siege of Chittorgarh (1303)|1303 siege]]. According to Muslim chronicles, the ruler of Chittor (presumably [[Ratnasimha]]) surrendered to Alauddin, who spared his life. Kakka Suri's verse corroborates this account.<br />
|-<br />
| III.5 - "On account of his prowess, Karṇa, the ruler of [[Gurjaradesa|Gurjaratrā]], fled away in all haste and having wandered about in many kingdoms died the death of a pauper."<br />
| This refers to [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat]], after which the [[Vaghela dynasty|Vaghela]] king [[Karna (Vaghela dynasty)|Karna]] was forced to flee his kingdom.<br />
|-<br />
| III.6 - "Besieged by him in his own fort, the ruler of Mālwā passed there many days, living like a captive, and then died bereft of heroism."<br />
| This refers to [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Malwa]]. Alauddin's forces defeated the main Malwa army led by prime minister Goga, after which the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]] king [[Mahalakadeva]] took shelter in [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]. Ultimately, Alauddin's forces captured Mandu and killed him.<br />
|-<br />
| III.7 - "Resembling [[Indra]] in prowess, he brought under his control the rulers of Karṇāṭa, Pāṇḍu and Tiliṅga countries."<br />
| This refers to the southern campaigns of Alauddin's general [[Malik Kafur]]. Karṇāṭa is the [[Hoysala]] kingdom of present-day [[Karnataka]], whose ruler [[Veera Ballala III|Ballala III]] became Alauddin's tributary after the [[Siege of Dwarasamudra]]. Tiliṅga refers to [[Telangana]], whose [[Kakatiya]] king [[Prataparudra]] also became a tributary of Alauddin after the [[Siege of Warangal, 1310|Siege of Warangal]]. Pāṇḍu is the [[Pandya kingdom]], which Malik Kafur [[Malik Kafur's invasion of the Pandya kingdom|raided in 1311]].<br />
|-<br />
| III.8 - "Who can count the strong forts, prominent among which stand Sāmyāyana and Jābālipura, which he captured."<br />
| Sāmyāyana and Jābālipura refer to modern [[Siege of Siwana|Siwana]] and [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Jalore|Jalore]], which were besieged and captured by Alauddin's forces.<br />
|-<br />
| III.9 - "Armies of the Kharaparas roamed about in his country. He dealt with them in a manner that prevented their return."<br />
| Kharparas or Kharaparas are [[Mongols]], who invaded Alauddin's kingdom in [[Mongol invasion of India, 1297-98|1297-98]], [[Mongol invasion of Sindh|1298]], [[Battle of Kili|1299]], [[Mongol invasion of India, 1303|1303]], and [[Battle of Amroha|1305]]. In [[Mongol invasion of India, 1306|1306]], Alauddin's forces defeated them decisively, and subsequently, they never returned to India during his reign.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
=== Bibliography ===<br />
{{ref begin}}<br />
* {{cite journal |author=Dasharatha Sharma |title=New Light on Alauddin Khalji's Achievements |journal=The Indian Historical Quarterly |volume=32 |issue=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7RrVAAAAMAAJ |year=1956 |publisher=Ramanand Vidya Bhawan}}<br />
* Kakka Sūri. ''Nābhinandanajinoddhāraprabandha'', ed. B. Harakchand, Ahmedabad, 1928.<br />
* {{cite book |author=John Cort |title=Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0IF2CAAAQBAJ&pg=PT392 |year=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-045257-5}}<br />
* {{cite book |author=Paul Dundas |title=The Jains |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X8iAAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA145 |year=2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=1-134-50165-X}}<br />
{{ref end}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
*Kakka Sūri. ''Nābhinandanajinoddhāraprabandha'', ed. B. Harakchand, Ahmedabad, 1928.<br />
<br />
{{Alauddin Khalji}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jain texts]]<br />
[[Category:14th-century Sanskrit literature]]<br />
[[Category:1330s books]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarthebari_Bell_Metal_Craft&diff=533297Sarthebari Bell Metal Craft2026-03-18T06:49:20Z<p>Pruthviraj: starting first details more to come</p>
<hr />
<div>{{LLM|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox geographical indication<br />
| name =Sarthebari Metal Craft<br />
| image =বাণবাতি.JPG<br />
| image_size = 250px<br />
| caption = A traditional assamese bowl (Banbati) made with Bell metal <br />
| description = Bell metal craft from [[Sarthebari]], [[Assam]]<br />
| type = Handicraft<br />
| area = [[Sarthebari]], [[Bajali district]], [[Assam]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| registered = <br />
| material = [[Bell metal]]<br />
| official website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sarthebari Bell Metal Craft''' is a traditional metalcraft practiced in [[Sarthebari]], a town in the [[Bajali district]] of [[Assam]], India.<ref name ="handifract"/> It is one of the most prominent handicraft traditions of the state and is widely known for its bell metal utensils, ritual objects, and musical instruments. The craft has played an important role in the cultural life of Assam and continues to provide livelihoods to a large number of artisan families.<ref name ="handifract">{{Cite web |title= Sarthebari Bell Metal Craft |url= https://handicrafts.nic.in/crafts/All_Crafts/Craft_Categories/Metal/Brass_metal_craft/Sarthebari_Bell_Metal_Craft/SarthebariBellMetalWebPage.html |access-date=2026-01-03 |website= handicrafts.nic.in |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
The bell metal tradition of Sarthebari has ancient origins and is believed to date back several centuries. Historical references indicate that bell metal objects from Assam were produced as early as the 7th century during the reign of King [[Bhaskaravarman|Kumar Bhaskar Varman]]. During this period, bell metal vessels and cymbals were exchanged as gifts with other kingdoms, highlighting the cultural and artistic significance of the craft.<ref name ="handifract"/><br />
<br />
The craft flourished further under the [[Ahom kingdom|Ahom]] rule, when royal patronage encouraged the production of high-quality bell metal utensils for ceremonial and domestic use. Over time, Sarthebari emerged as the principal centre of bell metal production in Assam. The craft has traditionally been practiced by artisan communities such as the ''Kahar'' or ''Oja'', who have passed down skills and techniques through generations.<ref name ="gov">{{Cite web |title= Present Handicrafts industries in Assam |url= https://industriescom.assam.gov.in/portlet-innerpage/present-handicrafts-industries-in-assam#main1 |access-date=2026-01-03 |website= industriescom.assam.gov.in |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Materials and Techniques==<br />
<br />
Bell metal locally known as ''Kaah'' is an alloy primarily composed of [[copper]] and [[tin]], usually in a ratio of about seventy-eight percent copper and twenty-two percent tin.<ref name ="gov"/> The raw materials are melted in charcoal-fired furnaces and poured into clay moulds prepared by hand. After cooling, the cast objects are shaped and refined through repeated hammering using traditional tools such as hammers, chisels, and anvils.<br />
<br />
The finishing process involves polishing the surface with natural materials like charcoal, clay, and fibres to achieve a smooth texture and a characteristic golden-brown sheen. Decorative designs are engraved by hand and often feature floral motifs, geometric patterns, and elements inspired by Assamese culture.<ref name ="aem">{{Cite web |title= The Sarthebari Bell-Metal Industry of Assam |url= https://www.abhijna-emuseum.com/exhibition/sarthebari-bell-metal-industry-assam/ |access-date=2026-01-03 |website= abhijna-emuseum.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Products==<br />
<br />
[[File:Baankaahi (বানকাঁহী), a bell metal utensil typically used in Assam..jpg|thumb|Baankaahi, a bell metal utensil typically used in Assam.]]<br />
<br />
Artisans of Sarthebari produce a wide range of bell metal items that are commonly used in Assamese households and rituals. These include water pots known as kalah and lota, bowls called bati, dishes known as kahi, trays, decorative products, decorative [[Jaapi]], temple bells known as ghonta and the traditional offering utensil with a stand known as [[Xorai]]. Musical instruments like cymbals, locally called tal, are also an important part of the craft.<ref name="gov"/><br />
<br />
These products are used for daily household purposes as well as during religious ceremonies, weddings, festivals, and cultural events. Bell metal utensils are traditionally valued for their durability and cultural significance.<ref name="aem"/><br />
<br />
==Socio-economic Importance==<br />
<br />
The bell metal craft of Sarthebari is one of the largest cottage industries in Assam and is considered second only to bamboo craft in terms of scale. A significant portion of the town's population depends on this craft for their livelihood, with thousands of artisans engaged in various stages of production. The industry contributes substantially to the local economy and helps preserve traditional skills and cultural identity.<br />
<br />
In recent decades, the Sarthebari bell metal industry has faced several challenges, including rising costs of raw materials, competition from machine-made metal products, and changing consumer preferences. These factors have affected the income and sustainability of traditional artisans, leading to concerns about the future of the craft. Efforts are ongoing to support artisans through training, design innovation, and market access.<ref name="gov"/><br />
<br />
==Recognition==<br />
<br />
In 2024, the Sarthebari metal craft received [[Geographical Indication]] (GI) tag recognition from the [[Government of India]], safeguarding its identity and traditional knowledge.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Assam Bihu Dhol, Jaapi and more: All about All about the 19 Assam items that got GI tag - Assamese products get GI tag |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/assam-bihu-dhol-jaapi-and-more-all-about-all-about-the-19-assam-items-that-got-gi-tag/assam-pani-mateka-craft/slideshow/108944714.cms |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref> The GI tag is expected to enhance the craft's visibility, protect it from imitation products, and support artisan communities by promoting their work nationally and internationally. This recognition aims to protect the craft from imitation, promote its cultural heritage, and enhance opportunities for artisans in national and international markets.<br />
<br />
== Gallery==<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Bell-metal worker working in his mill.jpg| Bell-metal worker working in his mill<br />
Image:কঁহাৰ.jpg|''Kohar'', the bell metal artist<br />
Image:সৰ্থেবাৰীৰ কাঁহ-পিতলৰ দোকান.jpg|Shops of bell metal utensils at Sarthebari<br />
Image:Bell-metal worker working.jpg|Work station of Bell-metal worker<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian metalwork]]<br />
[[Category:Geographical indications in Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Culture of Assam]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Revolt_of_Rajab_Ali&diff=530405Revolt of Rajab Ali2026-03-15T04:09:48Z<p>Pruthviraj: started bio</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Soldier of the Bengal Regiment}}<br />
{{Lead too short|date=July 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Havildar]]<br />
| name = Rajab Ali<br />
| honorific_suffix = [[Khan (title)|Khan]]<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| image = রজব আলী.jpg<br />
| image_upright = <br />
| landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --><br />
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| caption = Idealized portrait of Rajab Ali painted in 1930's<br />
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| birth_place = [[Sandwip]]<br />
| disappeared_date = 9 January 1858<br />
| disappeared_place = [[Karimganj district|Karimganj]], [[Sylhet Division|Sylhet district]], [[North-East Frontier]]<br />
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| occupation = Military <br />
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| movement = [[Sepoy Mutiny]]<br />
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}}<br />
{{History of Bengal}}<br />
{{History of Bangladesh}}{{Campaignbox Indian Rebellion of 1857}}<br />
'''Rajab Ali Khan''', also known as '''[[Havildar]] Rajab Ali''', was a soldier of the [[Bengal Regiment]] who defected during the [[Sepoy Revolt]] of 1857. He commanded the rebels at [[Chittagong]] and was chased by British forces as far as [[Sylhet Division|Sylhet]] and [[Manipur (princely state)|Manipur]].<ref>{{Citation|date=23 March 2020|title=১৮৫৭ সালের সিপাহী বিদ্রোহ: আমাদের প্রথম স্বাধীনতা যুদ্ধ ও একজন|publisher=[[Samakal]]|language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
{{expand section|additional citations|date=July 2022}}<br />
The identity of Havildar Rajab Ali is quite unclear. Many historians and researchers consider him to be a resident of [[Sandwip]], an island off the coast of [[Chittagong]]. At a young age, he joined the [[Bengal Regiment]] as a [[sepoy]] and was later promoted to a 4th Company [[Havildar]]. The 34th Regiment of [[Bengal Native Infantry]] had 120 havildars only. At that time, he was living at the Parade Ground army camp near [[Pahartali Thana|Pahartali]], which was under the charge of Captain PHK Dewaal.<br />
<br />
== Rebellion ==<br />
On 12 November 1857, four hundred sepoys of the 34th Regiment of [[Bengal Native Infantry]] called for rebellion against the [[East India Company|British East India Company]]. Among the sepoys of Chittagong, the sepoys of [[Barrackpore]] were also present. It is thought that it was the latter who arrived in Chittagong to spread the revolt. The sepoys attacked the armoury and treasury, collecting weapons and equipment.<ref>Further Papers (Number 9 in continuation of Number 7), Insurrection in the East Indies, Presented to both the Houses of Parliament, Enclosure in Number 5. BLOC; Special Narrative of Events Dated 5 December 1857, p. 326-27, WBSA.</ref> After attacking the British jail, they freed all the prisoners. Rajab Ali Khan commanded the 2nd, 3rd and 4th regiments along with sepoy Jamal Khan.<ref>{{Cite web|language=bn|title=জেলার ইতিহাস|trans-title=District's history|url=http://www.chittagong.gov.bd/site/page/c53c94f1-2144-11e7-8f57-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%20%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627020029/http://www.chittagong.gov.bd/site/page/c53c94f1-2144-11e7-8f57-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%20%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |access-date=8 June 2020 |website=[[Chittagong District]]}}</ref> At that time, many officers faced casualties.<ref>{{Cite news |last=P |first=Jhimli Mukherjee |date= 10 June 2009|title=Rare 1857 reports on Bengal uprisings {{!}} Kolkata News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/rare-1857-reports-on-bengal-uprisings/articleshow/4637780.cms |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> In panic, the British soldiers took shelter in the ships at sea.<ref>Judicial Proceedings Number 384, 17 September 1857, Government of Bengal, WBSA.</ref> Chittagong was independent of British rule for thirty hours. After attacking the barracks, the rebels left Chittagong with elephants, ammunition and other necessary supplies though at one point they did become weak due to lack of supplies.<br />
<br />
The rebels decided to take refuge in a safe area of [[Twipra Kingdom|independent Tripura]]. Havildar Rajab Ali Khan took over the management of the rebel sepoys. A report by Captain PHK Dewaal of the [[Bengal Regiment]] quoted local sources as saying that Rajab Ali had crossed the [[Feni River]] with the rebel forces towards the Tripura border.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Orlich |first=Leopold von |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O6GNNQQIeYIC&dq=The+Mutiny+of+Indian+Army&pg=PA22 |title=The Military Mutiny in India: Its Origin and Its Results |date=1858 |publisher=T. and W. Boone, 29, New Bond Street |language=en}}</ref> But before that, the British commissioner of Chittagong sent a message to the Maharaja of Tripura [[Ishan Chandra Manikya]] to repel the rebel sepoys. The king of Tripura joined hands with the British and made preparations to stop the rebels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2018-01-09 |title=১৮৫৭ সালের মহাবিদ্রোহ, উপনিবেশবাদ এবং হাবিলদার রজব আলি |url=http://muktobuli.com/%e0%a7%a7%e0%a7%ae%e0%a7%ab%e0%a7%ad-%e0%a6%b8%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b2%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%ae%e0%a6%b9%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%a6%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b0%e0%a7%8b%e0%a6%b9-%e0%a6%89%e0%a6%aa/ |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=Muktobuli {{!}} মুক্তবুলি |language=}}</ref> The rebels reached the gateway of independent Tripura on 2 December via [[Sitakunda]]. They saw that many armed soldiers were waiting there to stop them. The rebels were forced to move towards the hilly areas of [[Comilla Division|British Tripura (Comilla)]], though the army of Tripura chased them.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dastidar|first=Purnendu|language=bn|title=স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামে চট্টগ্রাম|publisher=Baighar Prakashani|date=October 1967|trans-title=Chittagong in the independence struggle}}</ref><br />
<br />
The rebels then crossed the inaccessible road and reached [[Sylhet Division|Sylhet]] near the [[Manipur (princely state)|British protectorate of Manipur]]. Major Baing of the [[Sylhet Light Infantry]] in the border area attacked the rebels there. In a fierce battle Major Baing was killed and the British forces under him were defeated.<ref>Rethinking 1857, Sabyasachi Bhattacharya, Indian Council of Historical Research Orient Longman, 2007 - India</ref> Even then the British and the local forces fought side by side. Many people died on their side in a few battles. Survivors of the attack eventually had to seek refuge in the nearby mountains.<ref name=sen/><br />
<br />
== Defeat ==<br />
Finally, on 9 January 1858, Rajab Ali Khan fought his last battle against British forces at Malegarh in [[Karimganj district|Karimganj]].<ref name=sen>{{Cite book |last=Sen|first=Satyen|language=bn|trans-title=Story of the great rebellion|title=মহাবিদ্রোহের কাহিনী|pages=155–159}}</ref> His forces had crossed the hills near the [[Kachari kingdom|Kachari Kingdom]] and took up position at Sabashpur near Mohanpur Tea Garden. The British forces were notified of this through the local [[Zamindars of Bengal|zamindars]] and launched a surprise attack led by Lieutenant Ross. Rajab Ali Khan fought with a small number of his troops but was defeated in the face of heavy casualties. 70 sepoys were killed in the battle and many more were injured. Along with Rajab Ali Khan, three or four survived by the end of the battle. In the face of continued pursuit by British forces, they went into hiding hid in the deep hilly forests near Manipur.<ref>SEPOY MUTINY AND THE REVOLT OF 1857, RC Majumder, Calcutta, 1957, page-88</ref> The final report of the British forces said that they could not be found. Havildar Rajab Ali Khan's life came to an end in the public eye.<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 November 2017|title=সিপাহী বিপ্লব ও হাবিলদার রজব আলীর চট্টগ্রাম|trans-title=Sepoy revolt and Rajab Ali's Chittagong|language=bn|url=https://www.dailysangram.com/post/308042-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122162705/https://www.dailysangram.com/post/308042-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE|archive-date=22 November 2017|access-date=8 June 2020|publisher=[[The Daily Sangram]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{British colonial campaigns}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian Rebellion of 1857]]<br />
[[Category:Bengal Presidency]]<br />
[[Category:Twipra Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:History of Chittagong]]<br />
[[Category:History of Sylhet]]<br />
[[Category:Military history of the British East India Company]]<br />
[[Category:Rebellions in India]]<br />
[[Category:Rebellions in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Military of British India]]<br />
[[Category:Wars involving the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:1857 in India]]<br />
[[Category:1858 in India]]<br />
[[Category:Battles involving the Kingdom of Great Britain]]<br />
[[Category:Rebellions against the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Conflicts in 1858]]<br />
[[Category:Conflicts in 1857]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Persephone&diff=447476Persephone2026-03-11T19:20:21Z<p>Pruthviraj: update</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Greek goddess of spring and the queen of the underworld}}<br />
{{About|the Greek goddess}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}} <br />
{{Infobox deity<br />
| type = Greek<br />
| name = Persephone<br />
| image = AMI - Isis-Persephone.jpg<br />
| caption = Statue of [[Syncretism|syncretic]] Persephone-[[Isis]] with a [[sistrum]]. [[Heraklion]] Archaeological Museum, [[Crete]]<br />
| god_of = {{unbulleted list|Queen of the underworld|Goddess of the dead, grain, and spring}}<br />
| abode = The [[Greek underworld|underworld]]<br />
| symbol = Pomegranate, seeds of grain, flaming [[torch]], [[Flail (tool)|Flail]] and deer<br />
| parents = [[Zeus]] and [[Demeter]]<br />
| spouse = [[Hades]]<br />
| children = [[Zagreus]], [[Melinoë]]<br />
| Roman_equivalent = [[Proserpina]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Special characters}}<br />
{{Ancient Greek religion}}<br />
<br />
In ancient [[Greek mythology]] and [[Ancient Greek religion|religion]], '''Persephone''' ({{IPAc-en|p|ər|ˈ|s|ɛ|f|ə|n|iː|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-NaomiAmethyst-Persephone.wav}} {{respell|pər|SEF|ə|nee}}; {{langx|el|Περσεφόνη|Persephónē}}, classical pronunciation: {{IPA|el|per.se.pʰó.nɛː|}}), also called '''Kore''' ({{langx|el|Κόρη|Kórē|the maiden}}) or '''Cora''', is the daughter of [[Zeus]] and [[Demeter]]. She became the queen of the [[Greek underworld|underworld]] after her abduction by her uncle [[Hades]], the king of the underworld, who later took her into marriage.<ref name="Nilsson462">{{harvnb|Nilsson|1967|pp=462–463, 479–480}}</ref> The myth of her abduction, her sojourn in the underworld, and her cyclical return to the surface represents her functions as the embodiment of spring and the personification of vegetation, especially grain crops, which disappear into the earth when sown, remain hidden for a period, sprout from the earth, and are harvested when fully grown.<br />
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In [[Art in ancient Greece|Classical Greek art]], Persephone is invariably portrayed robed, often carrying a [[wikt:sheaf|sheaf]] of grain. She may appear as a mystical divinity with a sceptre and a little box, but she was mostly represented in the process of being carried off by Hades.<br />
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Persephone, as a [[vegetation deity|vegetation goddess]], and her mother Demeter were the central figures of the [[Eleusinian Mysteries]], which promised the initiated a happy [[afterlife]]. The origins of her cult are uncertain, but it was based on ancient agrarian cults of agricultural communities. In Athens, the mysteries celebrated in the month of [[Anthesterion]] were dedicated to her. She is a goddess of marriage and childbirth in the region of the city of [[Epizephyrian Locris]], in modern [[Calabria]] (southern [[Italy]]).<br />
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Her name has numerous historical variants. These include '''Persephassa''' ({{lang|grc|Περσεφάσσα}}) and '''Persephatta''' ({{lang|grc|Περσεφάττα}}). In Latin, her name is rendered [[Proserpina]]. She was identified by the Romans as the [[Roman mythology|Italic goddess]] [[Libera (mythology)|Libera]], who was conflated with Proserpina. Myths similar to Persephone's descent and return to earth also appear in the cults of male gods, including [[Attis]], [[Adonis]], and [[Osiris]],<ref>{{harvnb|Nilsson|1967|loc=Vol I, p. 215}}</ref> and in [[Minoan civilization|Minoan]] [[Crete]].<br />
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== Name ==<br />
In a [[Linear B]] [[Mycenaean Greek]] inscription on a tablet found at [[Pylos]] dated 1400–1200 BC, [[John Chadwick]] reconstructed{{efn|The actual word in [[Linear B]] is {{lang|gmy|{{script|Linb|𐀟𐀩𐁚}}}}, ''pe-re-*82'' or ''pe-re-swa''; it is found on the [[Pylos|PY]] Tn 316 tablet.<ref>{{harvnb|Raymoure|loc="pe-re-*82"}}; {{harvnb|Aurora}}.</ref>}} the name of a goddess, ''*Preswa'', who could be identified with [[Perse (mythology)|Perse]], daughter of [[Oceanus]], and found speculative the further identification with the first element of Persephone.<ref>{{harvnb|Chadwick|1976|page=95}}</ref>{{efn|Comments about the goddess ''pe-re-*82'' of [[Pylos]] tablet Tn 316, tentatively reconstructed as ''*Preswa''<br />
:"It is tempting to see [...] the classical Perse [...] daughter of [[Oceanus]] [...] whether it may be further identified with the first element of Persephone is only speculative."<ref>{{harvnb|Chadwick|1959}}{{pages needed|date=December 2024}}</ref>}} ''Persephonē'' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: {{lang|grc|Περσεφόνη}}) is her name in the [[Ionic Greek]] of [[Epic poetry|epic]] literature. The Homeric form of her name is ''Persephoneia'' ({{lang|grc|Περσεφονεία}},<ref name="Homer1899">{{harvnb|Homer, ''Odyssey''|page=230}}</ref> ''Persephoneia''). In other dialects, she was known under variant names: ''Persephassa'' ({{lang|grc|Περσεφάσσα}}), ''Persephatta'' ({{lang|grc|Περσεφάττα}}), or simply ''Korē'' ({{lang|grc|Κόρη}}, "girl, maiden").<ref>H.G. Liddell and R. Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon''</ref> On 5th century Attic vases one often encounters the form ''Perrōphátta'' ({{lang|grc|Φερρϖφάττα}}). [[Plato]] calls her ''Pherepapha'' ({{lang|grc|Φερέπαφα}}) in his [[Cratylus (dialogue)|''Cratylus'']], "because she is wise and touches that which is in motion", and ''Phersephona'' ({{lang|grc|Φερσεφόνα}}) in ''[[Meno]]''.<ref>Plato, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Plat.+Meno+81b&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0177 Meno, 81b]</ref> There are also the forms ''Periphona'' ({{lang|grc|Πηριφόνα}}) and ''Phersephassa'' ({{lang|grc|Φερσέφασσα}}). The existence of so many different forms shows how difficult it was for the Greeks to pronounce the word in their own language and suggests that the name may have a [[Pre-Greek substrate|Pre-Greek origin]].<ref>{{harvnb|Nilsson|1967|p=474}}</ref><br />
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The etymology of the word "Persephone" is obscure. According to a recent hypothesis advanced by [[Rudolf Wachter]], the first element in the name (''Perso''- ({{lang|grc|Περσο-}}) may well reflect a very rare term, attested in the [[Rig Veda]] (Sanskrit ''parṣa-''), and the [[Avesta]], meaning "sheaf of corn" / "ear [of grain]". The second constituent, ''phatta'', preserved in the form ''Persephatta'' ({{lang|grc|Περσεφάττα}}), would in this view reflect [[Proto-Indo-European]] {{lang|ine-x-proto|*-gʷn-t-ih}}, from the root {{lang|ine-x-proto|*gʷʰen-}} "to strike / beat / kill". The combined sense would therefore be "she who beats the ears of corn", i.e., a "[[Threshing|thresher]] of [[grain]]"<ref>{{harvnb|Bremmer|2020|page=74}}; {{harvnb|Beekes|2009|pp=1179–1180}}.</ref> (''Περσ'' (Perse) refers to "grains", ''εφό'' (phó) refers to "hitting"/"striking" and ''-νη'' (-nē) is a [[female]] [[matronymic]] [[suffix]]; an apropos name for the daughter of Demeter, the goddess of the [[harvest]]).{{cn|date=January 2026}}<br />
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The name of the [[Albanian folk beliefs|Albanian]] dawn-goddess, goddess of love and protector of women, [[Prende|''Premtë'' or ''P(ë)rende'']], is thought to correspond regularly to the [[Ancient Greek]] counterpart {{lang|grc|Περσεφάττα}} (''Persephatta''), a variant of {{lang|grc|Περσεφόνη}} (''Persephone'').<ref name="Hyllested&Joseph">{{cite book |last1=Hyllested |first1=Adam |last2=Joseph |first2=Brian D. |date=2022 |chapter=Albanian |editor1-last=Olander |editor1-first=Thomas |title=The Indo-European Language Family: A phylogenetic perspective |doi=10.1017/9781108758666 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-108-75866-6 |s2cid=161016819 |page=223 |url=https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/143059 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xzKAEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA223}}</ref><ref name="Dedvukaj">{{cite journal |last=Dedvukaj |first=Lindon |date=2023 |title=Linguistic evidence for the Indo-European and Albanian origin of ''Aphrodite'' |journal=Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America |publisher=[[Linguistic Society of America]] |volume=8 |number=1 |page=5500 |s2cid=258381736 |doi=10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5500 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The theonyms have been traced back to the [[Indo-European]] ''*pers-é-bʰ(h₂)n̥t-ih₂'' ("she who brings the light through").<ref name="Hyllested&Joseph" /><br />
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A popular folk etymology is from {{lang|grc|φέρειν φόνον}}, ''pherein phonon'', "to bring (or cause) death".<ref name="SmithPersephone">{{harvnb|Smith|1873|loc=[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=persephone-bio-1 "Perse'phone"]}}</ref><br />
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== Titles and functions ==<br />
The epithets of Persephone reveal her double function as [[chthonic]] and vegetation goddess. The surnames given to her by the poets refer to her role as queen of the lower world and the dead and to the power that shoots forth and withdraws into the earth. Her common name as a vegetation goddess is Kore. [[Günther Zuntz]] considers "Persephone" and "Kore" as distinct deities and writes that "no farmer prayed for corn to Persephone; no mourner thought of the dead as being with Kore." Ancient Greek writers were, however, not as consistent as Zuntz claims.{{sfn|Bennett|Paul|Iozzo|White|2002|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=R7PP3wNr4zMC&pg=PA83 83]}}<br />
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=== Goddess of spring and nature ===<br />
[[Plutarch]] writes that Persephone was identified with the spring season,<ref>Plutarch, ''[[Moralia]]'' ([https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Moralia/Isis_and_Osiris*/E.html ''On Isis and Osiris'', Ch. 69] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100801/http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Moralia/Isis_and_Osiris*/E.html |date=10 February 2023}})</ref> and [[Cicero]] calls her the seed of the fruits of the fields. In the [[Eleusinian Mysteries]], her return from the underworld each spring is a symbol of immortality, and she was frequently represented on [[sarcophagi]].<br />
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In the religions of the [[Orphism (religion)|Orphics]] and the [[Platonism|Platonists]], Kore is described as the all-pervading goddess of nature<ref>''Orphic Hymn'' 29.16</ref> who both produces and destroys everything, and she is therefore mentioned along with or identified as other such divinities including [[Isis]], [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]], [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]], [[Demeter]], [[Hestia]], [[Pandora]], [[Artemis]], and [[Hecate]].<ref>Schol. ad. Theocritus 2.12</ref> In the Orphic tradition, Persephone is said to be the daughter of Zeus and his mother Rhea, who became Demeter after her seduction by her son.<ref>{{harvnb|Kern|1922|loc=[https://archive.org/details/orphicorumfragme00orphuoft/page/16/mode/2up?view=theater fr. 58]}}; [=[[Athenagoras of Athens|Athenagoras]], ''[[Athenagoras of Athens#Legatio Pro Christianis|Legatio Pro Christianis]]'' 20.2]; {{harvnb|West|1983|p=73}}; {{harvnb|Meisner|2018|loc=https://books.google.com/books?id=ethjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA134 134]}}.</ref> The Orphic Persephone is said to have become by [[Zeus]] the mother of [[Dionysus]] / [[Iacchus]] / [[Zagreus]],<ref name="SmithPersephone" /> and the little-attested [[Melinoe]].{{efn|In the ''Hymn to Melinoe'', where the father is ''Zeus Chthonios'', either Zeus in his chthonic aspect, or [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]].<ref name="Edmonds-2011">{{harvnb|Edmonds III|2011|p=100}}</ref>}}<br />
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=== Queen of the underworld ===<br />
In mythology and literature she is often called dread(ed) Persephone, and queen of the underworld, within which tradition it was forbidden to speak her name. This tradition comes from her conflation with the very old chthonic divinity Despoina ("[the] mistress"), whose real name could not be revealed to anyone except those initiated into her mysteries.<ref>{{harvnb|Pausanias|loc=[https://www.theoi.com/Text/Pausanias8C.html#5 Book 8, Ch. 37, sect. 9] }}</ref> As goddess of death, she was also called a daughter of Zeus and [[Styx]],<ref>{{harvnb|Apollodorus, ''Bibliotheca''|loc=[http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.3.1 1.3.1]}}</ref> the river that formed the boundary between Earth and the underworld. In [[Homer]]'s epics, she appears always together with [[Hades]] in the underworld, apparently sharing with Hades control over the dead.<ref>{{harvnb|Gantz|1996|p=64}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Homer, ''Odyssey''||loc=[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Od.+10.491&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136 ''Book 10'', ln. 494]}}.</ref> In Homer's ''[[Odyssey]]'', Odysseus encounters the "dread Persephone" in [[Tartarus]] when he visits his dead mother. Odysseus sacrifices a ram to the chthonic goddess Persephone and the ghosts of the dead, who drink the blood of the sacrificed animal. In the reformulation of Greek mythology expressed in the ''[[Orphic Hymns]]'', Dionysus and Melinoë are separately called children of Zeus and Persephone.<ref>''Orphic Hymn 26'', ''71''</ref> Groves sacred to her stood at the western extremity of the earth on the frontiers of the lower world, which itself was called "house of Persephone".<ref>{{harvnb|Homer, ''Odyssey''||loc=[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Od.+10.491&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136 Book 10, ln. 491, ln. 509]}}</ref><br />
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Her central myth served as the context for the secret rites of regeneration at Eleusis,<ref>{{harvnb|Kerenyi|1967|loc=passim}}</ref> which promised immortality to initiates.<br />
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As wife of Pluto, she sent spectres, ruled the ghosts, and carried into effect the curses of men. The lake of Avernus, as an entrance to the infernal regions, was sacred to her.<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Proserpine |volume=22 |pages=456–457 |short=1 |first=James George |last=Frazer }}</ref><br />
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=== Nestis ===<br />
In a [[classical Greek|Classical period text]] ascribed to [[Empedocles]], {{circa|490–430&nbsp;BC,}}{{efn|Empedocles was a Greek pre-Socratic philosopher who was a citizen of [[Agrigentum]], a Greek colony in [[Sicily]].}} describing a correspondence among four deities and the [[classical element]]s, the name ''Nestis'' for water apparently refers to Persephone:<br />
: "Now hear the fourfold roots of everything: Enlivening Hera, Hades, shining Zeus, and Nestis, moistening mortal springs with tears."<ref>{{harvnb|Kingsley|1995}} {{pages needed|date=December 2024}}</ref><br />
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Of the four deities of Empedocles' elements, it is the name of Persephone alone that is [[taboo]] – ''Nestis'' is a euphemistic cult title{{efn|Kingsley 1995 identifies ''Nestis'' as a cult title of Persephone.}} – for she was also the terrible Queen of the Dead, whose name was not safe to speak aloud, who was [[euphemism|euphemistically]] named simply as ''Kore'' or "the Maiden", a vestige of her archaic role as the deity ruling the underworld. ''Nestis'' means "the Fasting One" in ancient Greek.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nestis Meaning in Bible - New Testament Greek Lexicon (KJV) |url=https://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/greek/kjv/nestis.html |publisher=Bible Study Tools |website=biblestudytools.com |access-date=19 March 2023}}</ref><br />
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=== Epithets ===<br />
As a goddess of the underworld, Persephone was given [[euphemistically]]-friendly names and [[epithet]]s.<ref name="Rhode206">{{harvnb|Rohde|1961|loc=''Psyche'' I, pp. 206–210}}</ref> However, it is possible that some of them were the names of original goddesses:<br />
* '''Aristi Cthonia''', "the best [[chthonic]]".<ref name="Rhode206" /><br />
* '''[[Chthonia]]''' (Χθονία, Khthónĭă); literally "She of the Earth", an epithet Persephone shares with her mother, Demeter. <br />
* '''[[Despoina]]''' (''dems-potnia'', Δέσποινα, Déspoina) the "[[Mistress (form of address)|Mistress]]" or "[[Matriarch]]" (literally "the mistress of the house") <br />
* '''Epaine''' ({{langx|grc|Ἐπαίνη}}, lit. "Dread" or the "Fearful One"); can also translate from {{langx|grc|ἔπαινος}}, meaning "[[Praise]]").{{cn|date=February 2026}}<br />
* '''Hagne''' (Ἁγνή, Hagnḗ), lit. "pure", originally a goddess of the springs in [[Messenia]].<ref name="auto">{{harvnb|Nilsson |1967|pp= 478–480}}</ref><br />
* '''Melindia''' or '''Melinoia''' (meli, "honey"), as the consort of [[Hades]], in Hermione. (Compare [[Hecate]], [[Melinoe|Melinoë]])<ref name="Rhode206" /><br />
* '''Malivina'''<ref name="Rhode206" />{{langx|grc|Μαλιβίνα}}, lit. "Sweet Friend", "Soft". An euphemistically-friendly epithet Persephone shares with [[Hecate]].{{cn|date=February 2026}}<br />
* '''Melitodes''' (Μελιτώδης), "sweet as honey"<ref name="Rhode206" /><ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DM%3Aentry+group%3D18%3Aentry%3Dmelitodes-bio-1 A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, Melitodes]</ref><br />
* '''[[Praxidike]]''', the [[Orphic]] Hymn to Persephone identifies Praxidike as an [[epithet]] of Persephone: "Praxidike, subterranean queen. The [[Erinyes|Eumenides]]' source [mother], fair-haired, whose frame proceeds from Zeus' ineffable and secret seeds."<ref>[[Orphic]] Hymn 29 to Persephone</ref><br />
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As a vegetation goddess, she was called:<ref name="auto" /><ref name="Nilsson463">{{harvnb|Nilsson |1967|pp= 463–466}}</ref><br />
* '''[[Auxesia (Greek mythology)|Auxesia]]''', as the goddess who grants growth and prosperity to the fields.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|1873|loc= [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D57%3Aentry%3Dauxesia-bio-1 Auxesia]}}</ref><br />
* '''[[Azesia]]''', similar epithet of a growth and harvest nature<br />
* '''Kore''', "the maiden".<br />
* '''Kore Soteira''', "the Savior Maiden", in [[Megalopolis, Greece|Megalopolis]].<br />
* '''Neotera''', "the younger", in [[Eleusis]].<br />
* '''Kore of Demeter Hagne''' in the [[Homeric hymn]].<br />
* '''Kore Memagmeni''', "the mixed daughter" (bread).<br />
* '''[[Soteira (Greek)|Soteira]]''', "the Savior", in [[Megalopolis, Greece|Megalopolis]].<br />
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[[Demeter]] and her daughter '''Persephone''' were usually called:<ref name="Nilsson463" /><ref name="Nilsson478" /><br />
* '''The goddesses''', often distinguished as "the older" and "the younger" in [[Eleusis]].<br />
* '''Demeters''', in [[Rhodes]] and [[Sparta]]<br />
* '''The thesmophoroi''', "the legislators" in the [[Thesmophoria]].<br />
* '''Karpophoroi''', "the bringers of fruit", in [[Tegea]]<br />
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==Mythology==<br />
===Abduction myth===<!--Part of this section is linked from The High Priestess --><br />
[[File:Sarcophagus with the Abduction of Persephone by Hades (detail).JPG| thumb|left|360px|[[Sarcophagus]] with the abduction of Persephone. Walters Art Museum. [[Baltimore]], Maryland]]<br />
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Persephone's abduction by Hades{{efn|In art the abduction of Persephone is often referred to as the "[[Rape of Persephone]]".}} is mentioned briefly in [[Hesiod]]'s ''[[Theogony]]'',<ref name="HesTh914">Hesiod, ''Theogony'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.%20Th.%20914&lang=original&highlight=Persephone 914] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307215310/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.%20Th.%20914&lang=original&highlight=Persephone |date=7 March 2021 }}.</ref> and is told in considerable detail in the ''[[Homeric Hymns|Homeric Hymn to Demeter]]''. Zeus, it is said, permitted Hades, who was in love with the beautiful Persephone, to abduct her as her mother Demeter was not likely to allow her daughter to go down to Hades. Persephone was gathering flowers, along with the [[Oceanid]]s, and the goddesses [[Pallas Athena]] and [[Artemis]], as the ''Homeric Hymn'' says, in a field when Hades came to abduct her, bursting through a cleft in the earth.<ref>{{harvnb|Evelyn-White|1914|loc= [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=HH+2+4 4–20], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=HH+2+414 414–434]}}.</ref> In another version of the myth, Persephone had her own personal companions whom Demeter [[Shapeshifting|turned]] into the half bird [[Siren (mythology)|sirens]] as punishment for failing to prevent her daughter's abduction.<ref>{{Cite web|title = ''Siren''|url = https://www.worldhistory.org/Siren/|author=Cartwright, Mark|date=16 April 2015|publisher =World History Encyclopedia|access-date = 27 December 2023}}</ref>[[File:Rape of Prosepina September 2015-3a.jpg|thumb|right|260px|''[[The Rape of Proserpina]]'' by [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]] (1621–22) at the [[Galleria Borghese]] in Rome]]<br />
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When Persephone was abducted by Hades, the shepherd Eumolpus and the swineherd [[Eubuleus]] saw a girl in a black chariot driven by an invisible driver being carried off into the earth which had violently opened up. Eubuleus was feeding his pigs at the opening to the underworld, and his swine were swallowed by the earth along with her. This aspect of the myth is an [[etiology]] for the relation of pigs with the ancient rites in [[Thesmophoria]],<ref name="ReferenceA">Reference to the Thesmophoria in [[Lucian]]'s ''Dialogues of the Courtesans'' 2.1.</ref> and in Eleusis.<br />
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Various local traditions place Persephone's abduction in different locations. The [[Sicily#Antiquity|Sicilians]], among whom her worship was probably introduced by the Corinthian and Megarian colonists, believed that Hades found her in the meadows near [[Enna]], and that a well arose on the spot where he descended with her into the lower world. The [[Crete#Archaic and Classical period|Cretans]] thought that their own island had been the scene of the abduction, and the [[Eleusis#Eleusinian Mysteries|Eleusinians]] mentioned the Nysian plain in Boeotia, and said that Persephone had descended with Hades into the lower world at the entrance of the western Oceanus. Later accounts place the abduction in [[Attica]], near [[Athens]], or near Eleusis.{{cn|date=March 2026}} The [[Homeric]] hymn mentions the ''Nysion'' (or Mysion) which was probably a mythical place. The location of this mythical place may simply be a convention to show that a magically distant chthonic land of myth was intended in the remote past.<ref name="Nilsson463" /><br />
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After Persephone had disappeared, Demeter searched for her all over the earth with [[Hecate]]'s torches. In most versions, she forbids the earth to produce, or she neglects the earth and, in the depth of her despair, she causes nothing to grow. [[Helios]], the Sun, who sees everything, eventually told Demeter what had happened and at length she discovered where her daughter had been taken. Zeus, pressed by the cries of the hungry people and by the other deities who also heard their anguish, forced Hades to return Persephone.{{cn|date=March 2026}}<br />
[[File:Amphora Hades Louvre G209 n2.jpg|thumb|left|320px|Hades (right) and Persephone (left). Detail from an Attic red-figure amphora, ca. 470 BC. From Italy. [[Louvre]]]]<br />
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When Hades was informed of Zeus' command to return Persephone, he complied with the request, but he first tricked her into eating [[pomegranate]] seeds.{{efn|The ''[[Homeric Hymns|Homeric Hymn to Demeter]]'', has Persephone tell Demeter: "he secretly put in my mouth sweet food, a pomegranate seed ({{math|ῥοιῆς κόκκον}}), and forced me to taste against my will."<ref>{{harvnb|Evelyn-White|1914|loc=[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0138%3Ahymn%3D2%3Acard%3D398 411–412]}}</ref> Gantz describes this as a "trick".<ref>{{harvnb|Gantz|1996|p= 65}}</ref>}} [[Hermes]] was sent to retrieve Persephone but, because she had tasted the food of the underworld, she was obliged to spend a third of each year (the winter months) there, and the remaining part of the year with the gods above.<ref>{{harvnb|Gantz|1996|p=65}}</ref> With the later writers Ovid and Hyginus, Persephone's time in the underworld becomes half the year.<ref>{{harvnb|Gantz|1996|p= 67}}</ref> It was explained to Demeter, her mother, that she would be released, so long as she did not taste the food of the underworld, as that was an Ancient Greek example of a [[Taboo#In religion and mythology|taboo]]. In some versions, [[Ascalaphus (son of Acheron)|Ascalaphus]] informed the other deities that Persephone had eaten the pomegranate seeds. As punishment for informing Hades, he was pinned under a heavy rock in the underworld by either Persephone or Demeter until [[Heracles]] freed him, causing Demeter to turn him into an [[Horned owl|eagle owl]].<ref>{{harvnb|Apollodorus, ''Bibliotheca''|loc= [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D5%3Asection%3D3 1.5.3]}}; {{harvnb|Ovid, ''Metamorphoses''|loc= 5.533-371}}</ref><br />
[[File:Demeter_rejoiced,_for_her_daughter_was_by_her_side.jpg|thumb|''Demeter rejoiced, for her beloved daughter was by her side'']]<br />
In an earlier version, Hecate rescued Persephone. On an Attic [[Red-figure pottery|red-figured]] [[Krater|bell krater]] of {{Nowrap|c. 440 BC}} in the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], Persephone is rising as if up stairs from a cleft in the earth, while Hermes stands aside; Hecate, holding two torches, looks back as she leads her to the enthroned Demeter.<ref>{{harvnb|Richter|1931 |pages=245–248}}: "The figures are unmistakable, as they are inscribed "Persophata, Hermes, Hekate, Demeter" "</ref><br />
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In the hymn, Persephone eventually returns from the underworld and is reunited with her mother near Eleusis. The Eleusinians built a temple near the spring of Callichorus, and Demeter establishes her mysteries there.<ref>{{harvnb|Evelyn-White|1914|loc= [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0138%3Ahymn%3D2%3Acard%3D449 478&ndash;79]}}: "Awful mysteries which no one may in any way transgress, or pry into, or utter, for deep awe of the gods checks the voice. Happy is he among men upon earth who has seen these mysteries; but he who is uninitiate and who has no part in them, never has lot of like good things once he is dead, down in the darkness and gloom".</ref><br />
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Regardless of how she had eaten pomegranate seeds and how many, the ancient Greeks told the myth of Persephone [[origin myth|to explain the origin]] of the [[Season|four seasons]]. The ancient Greeks believed that [[Spring (season)|spring]] and [[summer]] occurred during the months Persephone stayed with Demeter, who would make flowers bloom and crops grow bountiful. During the other months when Persephone must live in the underworld with Hades, Demeter expressed her sadness by letting the earth go barren and covering it with snow, resulting in [[autumn]] and [[winter]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = ''Persephone and the Seasons''|url = https://www.hellenic.org.au/post/persephone-and-the-seasons|author=Craig, Sarah|date=September 1, 2017|publisher =Hellenic Museum|access-date = December 28, 2023}}</ref><br />
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==== Variations ====<br />
[[File:Head of Persephone. Earthenware. From Sicily, Centuripae, c. 420 BCE. The Burrell Collection, Glasgow, UK.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Head of Persephone. Earthenware. From Sicily, Centuripae, {{circa|420&nbsp;BC.}} The [[Burrell Collection]], Glasgow, UK]]<br />
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In the [[Orphism (religion)|Orphic]] "Rhapsodic Theogony" (first century BC/AD),<ref>{{harvnb|Meisner |2018|pp=1, 5}}</ref> Persephone is described as the daughter of [[Zeus]] and [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]]. Zeus was filled with desire for his mother, Rhea, intending to marry her. He pursued the unwilling Rhea, only for her to change into a serpent.[[File:Dionysos and Cora-Hermitage.jpg|thumb|220px|Persephone and Dionysos. Roman copy after a Greek original of the 4th–3rd century B.C. marble, [[Hermitage Museum|Hermitage]]]]<br />
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Zeus also turned himself into a serpent and raped Rhea, which resulted in the birth of Persephone.<ref name=":meis">{{harvnb|Meisner |2018|p=134}}</ref> Afterwards, Rhea became [[Demeter]].<ref>[[Proclus]], ''Commentary on Plato's Cratylus'' 403 e (90, 28 Pasqu.) {{harvnb|Kern |1922| page=145}}; {{harvnb|West|1983|p=217}}; {{harvnb|Kerenyi|1976|p=112}}. Demeter was usually said to be the daughter of [[Cronus]] and [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]].</ref> Persephone was born so deformed that Rhea ran away from her frightened, and did not breastfeed Persephone.<ref name=":meis"/> Zeus then mates with Persephone, who gives birth to [[Dionysus]]. She later stays in her mother's house, guarded by the [[Korybantes|Curetes]]. Rhea-Demeter prophesies that Persephone will marry [[Apollo]].<br />
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This prophecy does not come true, however, as while weaving a dress, Persephone is abducted by [[Hades]] to be his bride. She becomes the mother of the [[Erinyes]] by Hades.<ref>{{harvnb|West|1983|pp=73–74}}</ref> In [[Nonnus]]'s ''[[Dionysiaca]]'', the gods of Olympus were bewitched by Persephone's beauty and desired her.<br />
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[[Hermes]], [[Apollo]], [[Ares]], and [[Hephaestus]] each presented Persephone with a gift to woo her. Demeter, worried that Persephone might end up marrying Hephaestus, consults the [[Astrology|astrological]] god [[Astraeus]]. Astraeus warns her that Persephone will be ravished and impregnated by a serpent. Demeter then hides Persephone in a cave; but Zeus, in the form of a serpent, enters the cave and rapes Persephone. Persephone becomes pregnant and gives birth to [[Zagreus]].<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/details/dionysiaca01nonnuoft/page/208/mode/2up?view=theater 5.563]&ndash;[https://archive.org/details/dionysiaca01nonnuoft/page/225/mode/2up?view=theater 6.165]</ref><br />
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It was said that while Persephone was playing with the nymph Hercyna, Hercyna held a goose against her that she let loose. The goose flew to a hollow cave and hid under a stone; when Persephone took up the stone in order to retrieve the bird, water flowed from that spot, and hence the river received the name Hercyna.<ref>{{harvnb|Pausanias|loc= [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D9%3Achapter%3D39%3Asection%3D2 9.39.2]}}</ref> This was when she was abducted by Hades according to Boeotian legend; a vase shows water birds accompany the goddesses Demeter and Hecate who are in search of the missing Persephone.<ref>{{cite book |title = The Mysteries | page = 54 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qMP1-m1cTMMC&pg=PA54 |last1 = Campbell | first1 = Joseph | publisher= [[Princeton University Press]]| year= 1955| isbn =0-691-01823-5}}</ref><br />
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==== Interpretation of the myth ====<br />
[[File:Fragment of a marble relief depicting a Kore, 3rd century BC, from Panticapaeum, Taurica (Crimea) (12853680765).jpg|thumb|right|280px|Fragment of a marble relief depicting a [[Kore (sculpture)|Kore]], 3rd century&nbsp;BC, from [[Panticapaeum]], [[Taurica]] ([[Crimea]]), [[Bosporan Kingdom]]]][[File:Throning goddess (Persephone) 480-460 BC (Sk 1761) 1.JPG|thumb|right|240px|Seated goddess, probably Persephone on her throne in the underworld, {{circa|480–460 BC,}}. ([[Pergamon Museum]], Berlin)]]The abduction of Persephone is an [[Etiology|etiological myth]] providing an explanation for the changing of the seasons. Since Persephone had consumed pomegranate seeds in the underworld, she was forced to spend four months, or in other versions six months for six seeds, with Hades.<ref>{{harvnb|Burkert|1985|p=160}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Gantz|1996|pp= 65, 67}}</ref> When Persephone would [[Katabasis#trip into the underworld|return to the underworld]], Demeter's despair at losing her daughter would cause the vegetation and flora of the world to wither, signifying the Autumn and Winter seasons. When Persephone's time is over and she would be reunited with her mother, Demeter's joyousness would cause the vegetation of the earth to bloom and blossom which signifies the Spring and Summer seasons. This also explains why Persephone is associated with Spring: her re-emergence from the underworld signifies the onset of Spring. Therefore, not only does Persephone and Demeter's annual reunion symbolize the changing seasons and the beginning of a new cycle of growth for the crops, it also symbolizes death and the regeneration of life.<ref name="Nilssonpopular51">{{harvnb|Nilsson|1940|pp =51–54 }}</ref><ref name="Martin Nilsson 1967 pp. 473">{{harvnb|Nilsson |1967|pp= 473–474}}</ref><br />
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In another interpretation of the myth, the abduction of Persephone by Hades, in the form of Ploutus ({{lang|el|πλούτος}}, wealth), represents the wealth of the grain contained and stored in underground silos or ceramic jars (''pithoi'') during the Summer seasons (as that was drought season in Greece).<ref>As in {{harvnb|Burkert|1985|p=160}}</ref> In this telling, Persephone as grain-maiden symbolizes the grain within the ''pithoi'' that is trapped underground within the realm of Hades. In the beginning of the autumn, when the grain of the old crop is laid on the fields, she ascends and is reunited with her mother Demeter.<ref>{{harvnb|Nilsson|1940|loc=[https://sacred-texts.com/cla/gpr/gpr07.htm#page_48 p 48-50]}}</ref><ref name="Nilssonpopular51"/><ref name="Martin Nilsson 1967 pp. 473"/> This interpretation of Persephone's abduction myth symbolizes the cycle of life and death as Persephone both dies as she (the grain) is buried in the ''pithoi'' (as similar ''pithoi'' were used in ancient times for funerary practices) and is [[Dying-and-rising deity|reborn]] with the exhumation and spreading of the grain.<br />
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[[Bruce Lincoln]] argues that the myth is a description of the loss of Persephone's virginity, where her epithet ''koure'' signifies "a girl of initiatory age", and where Hades is the male oppressor forcing himself onto a young girl for the first time.<ref>{{harvnb|Lincoln |1979}} {{pages needed |date=December 2024}}</ref><br />
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=== Adonis ===<br />
[[File:Locri Pinax Persephone Opens Liknon Mystikon.jpg|thumb|right|Persephone opening a ''[[cista]]'' containing the infant [[Adonis]], on a [[pinax]] from [[Epizephyrian Locris]]]]<br />
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[[Adonis]] was an exceedingly beautiful mortal man with whom Persephone fell in love.<ref>[[Greek anthology]] ''Agathias Scholasticus'' [https://topostext.org/work/532#5.289 5.289] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615121601/https://topostext.org/work/532#5.289 |date=15 June 2021 }}</ref><ref>[[Alciphron]], ''Letters to Courtesans'' [https://topostext.org/work/495#4.14.1 4.14.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018194527/https://topostext.org/work/495#4.14.1 |date=18 October 2021 }}</ref><ref>[[Clement of Alexandria]], ''[[Protrepticus (Clement)|Exhortations]]'' [https://topostext.org/work/215#2.29 2.29] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501031401/https://topostext.org/work/215#2.29 |date=1 May 2021 }}</ref> After he was born, [[Aphrodite]] entrusted him to Persephone to raise. But when Persephone got a glimpse of the beautiful Adonis&mdash;finding him as attractive as Aphrodite did&mdash;she refused to give him back to her. The matter was brought before [[Zeus]], and he decreed that Adonis would spend one third of the year with each goddess, and have the last third for himself. Adonis chose to spend his own portion of the year with Aphrodite.<ref>{{harvnb|Apollodorus, ''Bibliotheca''|loc= [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.14.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022 3.14.4] }}; {{harvnb|Grimal|1996|loc=s.v. [https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar00grim/page/12/mode/2up?view=theater Adonis]}}; {{harvnb|Bell|1991|loc= s.v. [https://archive.org/details/womenofclassical00bell/page/54/mode/2up?view=theater Aphrodite]}}; {{harvnb|Tripp|1970|loc=s.v [https://archive.org/details/meridianhandbook00trip/page/12/mode/2up?view=theater Adonis]}}</ref> Alternatively, Adonis had to spend one half of the year with each goddess at the suggestion of the Muse [[Calliope]].<ref>{{harvnb|Gaius Julius Hyginus|loc=[https://topostext.org/work/207#2.7.4 2.7.4] }}</ref> Of them, [[Claudius Aelianus|Aelian]] wrote that Adonis' life was divided between two goddesses: one who loved him beneath the earth, and one above,<ref>{{harvnb|Aelian, ''Animalium''|loc= [http://www.attalus.org/translate/animals9.html#36 9.36]}}</ref> while the satirical author [[Lucian]] of [[Samosata]] has Aphrodite complain to the [[moon goddess]] [[Selene]] that [[Eros]] made Persephone fall in love with her own beloved, and now she has to share Adonis with her.<ref>{{harvnb|Lucian tr. Fowler|loc= [http://lucianofsamosata.info/wiki/doku.php?id=home:texts_and_library:dialogues:dialogues-of-the-gods#section11 Aphrodite and the Moon]}}</ref> In another variation, Persephone met Adonis only after he had been slain by a boar; Aphrodite descended into the Underworld to take him back. But Persephone, smitten with him, would not let him go until they came to an agreement that Adonis would alternate between the land of the living and the land of the dead each year.<ref>[[Pseudo-Nonnus]], ''Commentary on [[Gregory of Nazianzus]]'' [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1976_num_45_1_1818 38] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121112826/https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1976_num_45_1_1818 |date=21 January 2023 }}</ref><br />
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=== Wrath myths ===<br />
[[File:The Abduction of Persephone by Pluto, Amphipolis.jpg|thumb|left|A [[mosaic]] of the [[Kasta Tomb]] in [[Amphipolis]] depicting the abduction of Persephone by [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], 4th century&nbsp;BC]]Once, [[Hermes]] chased Persephone (or [[Hecate]]) with the aim to rape her; but the goddess snored or roared in anger, frightening him off so that he desisted, hence her earning the name "[[Brimo]]" ("angry").<ref>[[John Tzetzes|Tzetzes]] ad [[Lycophron]], [https://topostext.org/work/860#1176 1176] [https://books.google.com/books?id=DDxEAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA29 (Latin text)]; {{harvnb|Heslin|2018|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=WhJbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 p. 39]}}</ref>{{AI-generated source|date=November 2024}}<br />
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[[Ascalaphus (son of Acheron)|Ascalaphus]] was the custodian of [[Hades]]' orchard in the [[Greek underworld|Underworld]]. He told the other gods that Persephone had eaten [[pomegranate]] seeds in the Underworld. Because she had tasted food in the underworld, Persephone was obliged to return to the Underworld and spend four months<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D5%3Asection%3D3 1.5.3].</ref> (in later versions six months<ref>[[Ovid]]. ''[[Metamorphoses]]''. Book V, 533-371</ref>) there every year. Furious, Persephone herself changed him into an eagle owl by sprinkling him with water of the river [[Phlegethon]]. In other versions, [[Demeter]] was the one who transformed Ascalaphus into the bird after Heracles moved the stone she pinned him under.<ref>Ovid. ''Metamorphoses''. Book V, 534.</ref><br />
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[[Minthe]] was a [[Naiad]] [[nymph]] of the [[River gods (Greek mythology)|river]] [[Cocytus]] who became used to be a mistress of [[Hades]]. Persephone was not slow to notice when Minthe declared her intentions to replace her as queen and, in jealousy, trampled the nymph, killing her and turning her into a [[Mentha|mint plant]].<ref>{{harvnb|Strabo, ''Geography''|loc=[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+8.3.14&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0198 8.3.14]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ovid, ''Metamorphoses''|loc=[https://ovid.lib.virginia.edu/trans/Metamorph10.htm#484521431 10.728]}}</ref> Alternatively, Persephone tore Minthe to pieces for sleeping with Hades, and it was he who turned his former lover into the sweet-smelling plant.<ref>[[Scholia]] ad [[Nicander|Nicandri]] ''Alexipharmaca'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=Zy2LWzF4v3oC&pg=PA212 375] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100802/https://books.google.com/books?id=Zy2LWzF4v3oC&pg=PA212 |date=10 February 2023 }}</ref> In another version, Minthe had been Hades's lover before he met Persephone. When Minthe claims that Hades will return to her because she is lovelier and more queenly than Persephone, Demeter kills Minthe over the insult done to her daughter.<ref>{{harvnb|Oppian|Colluthus|Tryphiodorus|loc=[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Oppian/Halieutica/3*.html#482 3.485]}}</ref><br />
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After a plague hit [[Aonia]], its people asked the oracle of Apollo Gortynius, and they were told they needed to appease the anger of the king and queen of the underworld by means of sacrifice of two willing maidens. Two maidens, [[Menippe and Metioche]] (who were the daughters of [[Orion (mythology)|Orion]]), were chosen and they agreed to be offered to the two gods in order to save their country. After the two girls sacrificed themselves with their shuttles, Persephone and Hades took pity on them and turned their dead bodies into [[comets]].<ref>{{harvnb|Antoninus Liberalis|loc=[https://topostext.org/work/216#25 25]}}</ref><br />
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=== Favour myths ===<br />
[[File:Triptolemos_Louvre_G187.jpg|left|thumb|320x320px|Triptolemus, Demeter and Persephone by the Triptolemos-painter, c. 470 BC, [[Louvre]]]]<br />
[[Socrates]] in [[Plato]]'s ''[[Cratylus (dialogue)|Cratylus]]'' previously mentions that Hades consorts with Persephone due to her wisdom.<ref>[[Plato]], ''[[Cratylus (dialogue)|Cratylus]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0172%3Atext%3DCrat.%3Apage%3D404 404d] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430165516/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0172:text%3DCrat.:page%3D404|date=30 April 2022}}</ref><br />
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Demeter and Persephone, once restored to her mother, cared for [[Triptolemus]], and helped him complete his mission of educating the whole world in the art of agriculture.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siculus |first=Diodorus |year=1939 |title=The Library of History, Book V, 47-84 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/5D*.html |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref><br />
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When Dionysus descended into the Underworld accompanied by Demeter to retrieve his dead mother [[Semele]] and bring her back to the land of the living, he is said to have offered a myrtle plant to Persephone in exchange for Semele.{{sfn|J. Paul Getty Museum|1983|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=exArAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA31 31, note 51]}}{{failed verification|reason=Note 51 doesn't support that at all; page 30 has "his meeting with Hades, and the exchange of myrtle for his mother" and "carrying myrtle to ransom his mother" but not that Dionysus "offered a myrtle plant to Persephone".|date=March 2024}} On a neck amphora from Athens, Dionysus is depicted riding on a chariot with his mother, next to a myrtle-holding Persephone who stands with her own mother Demeter; many vases from Athens depict Dionysus in the company of Persephone and Demeter.{{sfn|J. Paul Getty Museum|1983|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=exArAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 30, note 45]}}<br />
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When Queen [[Echemeia]] of [[Kos]] ceased to offer worship to [[Artemis]], the goddess shot her with an arrow. Persephone, witnessing that, snatched the still living Euthemia and brought her to the Underworld.<ref>{{harvnb|Gaius Julius Hyginus|loc=[https://topostext.org/work/207#2.16.2 2.16.2]}}</ref>[[File:Nekyia Staatliche Antikensammlungen 1494.jpg|thumb|left|280px|''Nekyia''. Persephone supervising Sisyphus pushing his rock in the Underworld. Attic black-figure amphora, ca. 530 BC. From Vulci. [[Staatliche Antikensammlungen]]]]<br />
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Persephone allowed the shade of [[Tiresias]] to retain his mental prowess and powers of clairvoyance after death.<ref name="Warner">{{cite book |last=Warner |first=Marina |title=Monuments and Maidens: the allegory of the female form |date=2000 |publisher=Berkeley: University of California Press |page=329}}</ref><br />
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Persephone convinced Hades to allow the hero [[Protesilaus]] to return to the world of the living for a limited period of time to see his wife.<ref>[[Lucian]], ''Dialogues of the Dead'' [https://pt.calameo.com/read/000107044fc0f01286992 Protesilaus, Pluto and Persephone]</ref><br />
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The hero [[Orpheus]] once descended into the underworld seeking to take back to the land of the living his late wife [[Eurydice]], who died when a snake bit her. So lovely was the music he played that it charmed Persephone and even stern Hades.<ref>{{harvnb|Ovid, ''Metamorphoses''|loc=[https://ovid.lib.virginia.edu/trans/Metamorph10.htm#484521418 10.1-85]}}</ref> So entranced was Persephone by Orpheus' sweet melody that she persuaded her husband to let the unfortunate hero take his wife back.<ref>{{harvnb|Diodorus Siculus|loc=[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#p425 4.25.4]}}</ref><br />
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[[Sisyphus]], the wily king of [[Corinth]], managed to avoid staying dead, after [[Thanatos]] had gone to collect him, by appealing to and tricking Persephone into letting him go; thus Sisyphus returned to the light of the sun in the surface above.<ref>{{harvnb|Theognis, ''Elegy''|loc= fragments [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=1.11.2+699-718&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0479 699-718]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Worship ==<br />
[[File:Hades and Persephone, Vergina.jpg|thumb|300px|A fresco showing Hades and Persephone riding in a [[chariot]], from the tomb of Queen [[Eurydice I of Macedon]] at [[Vergina]], Greece, 4th century BC]]<br />
Persephone was worshipped along with her mother Demeter and in the same mysteries. Her cults included agrarian magic, dancing, and rituals. The priests used special vessels and holy symbols, and the people participated with rhymes. In Eleusis there is evidence of sacred laws and other inscriptions.<ref>{{harvnb|Burkert|1985|pp=285–289}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Cult of Demeter and the Maiden is found at Attica, in the main festivals Thesmophoria and [[Eleusinian Mysteries]] and in a number of local cults. These festivals were almost always celebrated at the autumn sowing, and at full moon according to the Greek tradition. In some local cults the feasts were dedicated to Demeter.<br />
<br />
===Origins===<br />
[[File:Epiphany cycle — dancing.jpg|thumb|left|Gold ring from Isopata tomb, near [[Knossos]], [[Crete]], 1400–1500 BC. Depicted are female figures dancing among blossoming vegetation; [[Heraklion Archaeological Museum]]]]<br />
<br />
The myth of [[Rape of Persephone|a goddess being abducted and taken to the underworld]] is probably Pre-Greek in origin. [[Samuel Noah Kramer]], the renowned scholar of ancient [[Sumer]], has posited that the Greek story of the abduction of Persephone may be derived from an ancient Sumerian story in which [[Ereshkigal]], the ancient Sumerian goddess of the underworld, is abducted by [[Kur]], the primeval [[dragon]] of [[Sumerian religion|Sumerian mythology]], and forced to become ruler of the underworld against her own will.<ref>{{harvnb|Kramer| 1961|pp=76–79}}: "Moreover, the crime involved is probably that of abducting a goddess; it therefore brings to mind the Greek story of the abduction of Persephone."</ref><br />
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The location of Persephone's abduction is different in each local cult. The ''Homeric Hymn to Demeter'' mentions the "plain of Nysa".<ref>{{harvnb|Evelyn-White|1914|p=17}}</ref> The locations of this probably mythical place may simply be conventions to show that a magically distant chthonic land of myth was intended in the remote past.<ref name="Nilsson 1967 463">{{harvnb|Nilsson |1967|p= 463}}</ref>{{efn|name=Sherwood217|"In Greek mythology [[Nysa (mythology)|Nysa]] is a mythical mountain with unknown location, the birthplace of the god [[Dionysos]]."<ref>Fox, William Sherwood (1916), ''[[The Mythology of All Races]]'', v.1, ''Greek and Roman'', General editor, Louis Herbert Gray, p.217</ref>}} Demeter found and met her daughter in Eleusis, and this is the mythical disguise of what happened in the mysteries.<ref name="Burkert285">{{harvnb|Burkert|1985|pp=285–290}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Persephone krater Antikensammlung Berlin 1984.40.jpg|thumb|[[Rape of Persephone]]. [[Hades]] with his horses and Persephone (down). An Apulian red-figure volute krater, {{circa|340 BC}}. [[Antikensammlung Berlin]]]]<br />
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In his 1985 book on Greek Religion, Walter Burkert claimed that Persephone is an old chthonic deity of the agricultural communities, who received the souls of the dead into the earth, and acquired powers over the fertility of the soil, over which she reigned. The earliest depiction of a goddess Burkert claims may be identified with Persephone growing out of the ground, is on a plate from the Old-Palace period in [[Phaistos]]. According to Burkert, the figure looks like a vegetable because she has snake lines on other side of her. On either side of the vegetable person there is a dancing girl.<ref name="Burkert42">{{harvnb|Burkert|1985|p=42}}</ref> A similar representation, where the goddess appears to come down from the sky, is depicted on the Minoan ring of Isopata.<br />
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The cults of Persephone and Demeter in the Eleusinian mysteries and in the Thesmophoria were based on old agrarian cults.<ref>{{harvnb|Nilsson |1967|p= 470}}</ref> The beliefs of these cults were closely-guarded secrets, kept hidden because they were believed to offer believers a better place in the afterlife than in miserable Hades. There is evidence that some practices were derived from the religious practices of the [[Mycenean Greece|Mycenaean age]].<ref name="Dietrich-origins-220">Dietrich (n/d?) ''The origins of the Greek Religion'', pp 220, 221</ref><ref name="Burkert42" /> [[Karl Kerenyi|Kerenyi]] asserts that these religious practices were introduced from Minoan Crete.<ref name="Kerenyi24">{{harvnb|Kerenyi|1976|p=24}}</ref><ref name="Kerenyi31">{{harvnb|Kerenyi|1967|p=31f}}</ref> The idea of immortality which appears in the syncretistic religions of the [[Near East]] did not exist in the Eleusinian Mysteries at the very beginning.<ref>{{harvnb|Burkert|1985|p=289}}</ref>{{efn|"According to the Greek popular belief, {{math|{{lang|grc|ἕν ἀνδρῶν, ἕν θεῶν γένος}}}}".(One is the nature of men, another one the nature of gods)<ref>{{harvnb|Rohde|1961|loc=Psyche v. I, p. 293}}</ref>}}[[File:Relief_depicting_Persephone_as_an_Hydranos.jpg|thumb|right|Votive relief of Persephone as a hydranos, 5th century BC [[Eleusis]], [[Archaeological Museum of Eleusis]].]]<br />
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===In the Near East and Minoan Crete===<br />
[[Walter Burkert]] believed that elements of the Persephone myth had origins in the Minoan religion. This belief system had unique characteristics, particularly the appearance of the goddess from above in the dance. Dance floors have been discovered in addition to "vaulted tombs", and it seems that the dance was ecstatic. Homer memorializes the dance floor which [[Daedalus]] built for [[Ariadne]] in the remote past.<ref name="Burkert34">{{harvnb|Burkert|1985|pp=34–40}}</ref> A gold ring from a tomb in Isopata depicts four women dancing among flowers, the goddess floating above them.<ref name="Burkert40">{{harvnb|Burkert|1985|p=40}}</ref> An image plate from the first palace of Phaistos seems to depict the ascent of Persephone: a figure grows from the ground, with a dancing girl on each side and stylized flowers all around.<ref name="Burkert42" /> The depiction of the goddess is similar to later images of "Anodos of Pherephata". On the Dresden vase, Persephone is growing out of the ground, and she is surrounded by the animal-tailed agricultural gods [[Seilenos|Silenoi]].<ref name="Hermesthe">"Hermes and the Anodos of Pherephata": {{harvnb|Nilsson |1967|loc= p. 509 taf. 39,1}}</ref><br />
<br />
Despoina and "Hagne" were probably euphemistic surnames of Persephone, therefore Karl Kerenyi theorizes that the cult of Persephone was the continuation of the worship of a Minoan Great goddess.<ref>{{harvnb|Kerenyi|1976|pp= 89, 90}}</ref><ref>[[Hesychius of Alexandria|Hesychius]], listing of {{lang|grc|ἀδνόν}}, a Cretan-Greek form for {{lang|grc|ἁγνόν}}, "pure"</ref> It is possible that some religious practices, especially the [[Mystery religions|mysteries]], were transferred from a Cretan priesthood to Eleusis, where Demeter brought the [[poppy]] from Crete.<ref name="Kerenyi24"/> Besides these similarities, Burkert explains that up to now it is not known to what extent one can and must differentiate between Minoan and [[Mycenea]]n religion.{{efn|"To what extent one can and must differentiate between Minoan and Mycenaean religion is a question which has not yet found a conclusive answer".<ref>{{harvnb|Burkert|1985|p=21}}</ref>}} In the [[Anthesteria]] Dionysos is the "divine child".<br />
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===In Mycenaean Greece===<br />
[[File:Triptolemos Kore Louvre G452 full.jpg|240px|thumb|[[Triptolemus]] and Kore, [[tondo (art)|tondo]] of an Attic red-figure bowl by the Aberdeen Painter, c.470~460 BCE. ([[Louvre]], [[Paris]])]]<br />
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There is evidence of a cult in Eleusis from the [[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenean period]];<ref>{{harvnb|Kourouniōtēs|Mylonas|1932|loc=I,1 ff}}</ref> however, there are not sacral finds from this period. The cult was private and there is no information about it. As well as the names of some Greek gods in the Mycenean Greek inscriptions, names of goddesses who do not have Mycenean origin appear, such as "the divine Mother" (the mother of the gods) or "the Goddess (or priestess) of the winds".<ref name=Burkert285/> In historical times, Demeter and Kore were usually referred to as "the goddesses" or "the mistresses" (Arcadia) in the mysteries .<ref>{{harvnb|Nilsson |1967|pp= 463–465}}</ref> In the Mycenean Greek tablets dated 1400–1200 BC, the "two queens and the king" are mentioned. John Chadwick believes that these were the precursor divinities of Demeter, Persephone and Poseidon.<ref>{{harvnb|Chadwick|1976}} {{pages needed |date=December 2024}}</ref>{{efn|"Wa-na-ssoi, wa-na-ka-te, (to the two queens and the king). Wanax is best suited to Poseidon, the special divinity of Pylos. The identity of the two divinities addressed as wanassoi, is uncertain".<ref>{{harvnb|Mylonas|1966|p= 159}}</ref>}}<br />
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Some information can be obtained from the study of the cult of [[Eileithyia]] at Crete, and the cult of [[Despoina]]. In the cave of Amnisos at Crete, Eileithyia is related with the annual birth of the divine child and she is connected with ''Enesidaon'' (The earth shaker), who is the chthonic aspect of the god Poseidon.<ref name=Dietrich-origins-220/> Persephone was conflated with Despoina, "the mistress", a chthonic divinity in West-Arcadia.<ref name="Kerenyi31"/> The [[megaron]] of Eleusis is quite similar to the "megaron" of Despoina at Lycosura.<ref name=Burkert285/> Demeter is united with her, the god [[Poseidon]], and she bears him a daughter, the unnameable Despoina.<ref name="Pausanias 8.37.9">{{harvnb|Pausanias|loc=8.37.9}}</ref> Poseidon appears as a horse, as usually happens in Northern European folklore. The goddess of nature and her companion survived in the Eleusinian cult, where the words "Mighty Potnia bore a great sun" were uttered.<ref name=Dietrich-origins-220/> In Eleusis, in a ritual, one child ("pais") was initiated from the hearth. The name ''pais'' (the divine child) appears in the Mycenean inscriptions.<ref name=Burkert285/><br />
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In Greek mythology Nysa is a mythical mountain with an unknown location.{{efn|name=Sherwood217}} ''Nysion'' (or Mysion), the place of the abduction of Persephone was also probably a mythical place which did not exist on the map, a magically distant chthonic land of myth which was intended in the remote past.<ref name="Nilsson 1967 463"/><br />
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===Secret rituals and festivals===<br />
[[File:Roman copy of the Great Eleusinian relief hosted by the Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Eleusinian Mysteries|Eleusinian trio]]: Persephone, [[Triptolemus]] and [[Demeter]] (Roman copy of the [[Great Eleusinian Relief]] hosted by the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]])]] <br />
{{Main|Thesmophoria|Eleusinian Mysteries}}<br />
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[[File:Kore55.jpg|thumb|left|Kore, daughter of Demeter, celebrated with her mother by the [[Thesmophoriazusae]] (women of the festival). [[Acropolis Museum]], Athens]]<br />
Persephone and Demeter were intimately connected with the Thesmophoria, a widely-spread Greek festival of secret women-only rituals. These rituals, which were held in the month [[Attic calendar|Pyanepsion]], commemorated marriage and fertility, as well as the abduction and return of Persephone.<br />
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They were also involved in the Eleusinian Mysteries, a festival celebrated at the autumn sowing in the city of Eleusis. Inscriptions refer to "the Goddesses" accompanied by the agricultural god [[Triptolemos]] (probably son of Gaia and Oceanus),<ref>{{harvnb|Apollodorus, ''Bibliotheca''|loc=IV.2}}</ref> and "the God and the Goddess" (Persephone and Plouton) accompanied by Eubuleus who probably led the way back from the underworld.<ref>Kevin Klinton (1993), ''Greek Sanctuaries: New Approaches'', Routledge, p. 11</ref><br />
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===In Rome===<br />
{{main|Proserpina}}<br />
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The [[ancient Rome|Romans]] first heard of her from the [[Aeolians|Aeolian]] and [[Dorians|Dorian]] cities of [[Magna Graecia]], who used the dialectal variant ''Proserpinē'' ({{math|{{lang|grc|Προσερπίνη}}}}). Hence, in [[Roman mythology]] she was called [[Proserpina]], a name erroneously derived by the Romans from ''proserpere'', "to shoot forth"<ref>[[Cicero]]. ''[[De Natura Deorum]]'' 2.26</ref> and as such became an emblematic figure of the [[Renaissance]].<ref>{{harvnb|Welch|2013| p= 164}}</ref> In 205&nbsp;BC, Rome officially identified Proserpina with the local Italic goddess [[Libera (mythology)|Libera]], who, along with [[Liber]], were closely associated with the Roman grain goddess [[Ceres (mythology)|Ceres]] (considered equivalent to the Greek Demeter). The Roman author [[Gaius Julius Hyginus]] also considered Proserpina equivalent to the Cretan goddess Ariadne, who was the bride of Liber's Greek equivalent, Dionysus.<ref>{{harvnb|Wiseman|1988|loc=p. 7, note 52}}; {{harvnb|Spaeth |1996}}{{pages needed |date= January 2025}}</ref><br />
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===In Magna Graecia===<br />
[[File:Locri Pinax Of Persephone And Hades.jpg|thumb|left|Pinax of Persephone and Hades from Epizephyrian Locris. [[Reggio Calabria]], National Museum of Magna Graecia. ]]<br />
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At [[Epizephyrian Locris]], a city of [[Magna Graecia]] situated on the coast of the [[Ionian Sea]] in [[Calabria]] (a region of southern Italy), perhaps uniquely, Persephone was worshiped as protector of marriage and childbirth, a role usually assumed by [[Hera]] (in fact, Hera seems to have played no role in the public worship of the city{{sfn|Parker|2011|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=e_ytDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA231 231]}}); in the iconography of [[Pinax|votive plaques]] at Epizephyrian Locris, her abduction and marriage to Hades served as an emblem of the marital state, children of the town were dedicated to Proserpina, and maidens about to be wed brought their ''[[peplos]]'' to be blessed.<ref>Christiane Sourvinou-Inwood, "Persephone" ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies'' '''98''' (1978:101–121).</ref> [[Diodorus Siculus]] knew the temple there as the most illustrious in Italy.<ref name="auto1">{{cite journal |title=Life, Death, and a Lokrian Goddess. Revisiting the Nature of Persephone in the Gold Leaves of Magna Graecia |first=Hanne |last=Eisenfel d |date=1 October 2016 |journal=Kernos. Revue internationale et pluridisciplinaire de religion grecque antique |issue=29 |pages=41–72 |url=http://journals.openedition.org/kernos/2388 |via=journals.openedition.org |doi=10.4000/kernos.2388 |doi-access=free |access-date=14 May 2019 |archive-date=18 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418084740/https://journals.openedition.org/kernos/2388 |url-status=live }}</ref> During the 5th century&nbsp;BC, votive pinakes in [[terracotta]] were often dedicated as offerings to the goddess, made in series and painted with bright colors, animated by scenes connected to the myth of Persephone. Many of these pinakes are now on display in the [[Museo Nazionale della Magna Grecia|National Museum of Magna Græcia]] in [[Reggio Calabria]]. Locrian pinakes represent one of the most significant categories of objects from Magna Graecia, both as documents of religious practice and as works of art.<ref name="auto2">{{harvnb|Bennett |Paul |Iozzo |White|2002 |p=201 }}</ref><br />
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[[File:Proserpina kidnapped Kircheriano Terme.jpg|thumb|right|Cinerary altar with tabula representing the abduction of [[Proserpina]]. White marble, Antonine Era, 2nd century [[Rome]], Baths of Diocletian ]]<br />
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For most Greeks, the marriage of Persephone was a marriage with death, and could not serve as a role for human marriage; the Locrians, not fearing death, painted her destiny in a uniquely positive light.{{sfn|Parker|2011|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=e_ytDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA232 232]}} While the return of Persephone to the world above was crucial in Panhellenic tradition, in southern Italy Persephone apparently accepted her new role as queen of the underworld, of which she held extreme power, and perhaps did not return above;{{sfn|Edmonds|2004|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=I_YkMvUVoyYC&pg=PA58 58]}} [[Virgil]] for example in ''[[Georgics]]'' writes that "Proserpina cares not to follow her mother",<ref>[[Virgil]], ''[[Georgics]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0058%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1 1.38] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616050920/https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0058%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1 |date=16 June 2022 }}</ref> – though note that references to Proserpina serve as a warning, since the soil is only fertile when she is above it.<ref>{{harvnb|Miles|1980|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=BG3tDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA68 68]}}</ref> Although her importance stems from her marriage to Hades, in Epizephyrian Locris she seems to have the supreme power over the land of the dead, and Hades is not mentioned in the [[Pelinna]] tablets found in the area.{{sfn|Edmonds|2004|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=I_YkMvUVoyYC&pg=PA59 59]}} Many ''pinakes'' found in the cult near Epizephyrian Locris depict the abduction of Persephone by Hades, and others show her enthroned next to her beardless, youthful husband, indicating that in there Persephone's abduction was taken as a model of transition from girlhood to marriage for young women; a terrifying change, but one nonetheless that provides the bride with status and position in society. Those representations thus show both the terror of marriage and the triumph of the girl who transitions from bride to matron.{{sfn|Edmonds III|2013|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=CR9aAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA311 311]}}<br />
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It had been suggested that Persephone's cult at Epizephyrian Locris was entirely independent from that of Demeter, who supposedly was not venerated there,{{sfn|Bennett|Paul|Iozzo|White|2002|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=R7PP3wNr4zMC&pg=PA83 83]}} but a sanctuary of Demeter Thesmophoros has been found in a different region of the colony, ruling against the notion that she was completely excluded from the Locrian pantheon.{{sfn|Parker|2011|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=e_ytDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA231 231]}}<br />
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The temple at Epizephyrian Locris was looted by [[Pyrrhus of Epirus|Pyrrhus]].<ref>Livy: 29.8, 29.18</ref> The importance of the regionally powerful Epizephyrian Locrian Persephone influenced the representation of the goddess in Magna Graecia. Pinakes, terracotta tablets with brightly painted sculptural scenes in relief were founded in Locri. The scenes are related to the myth and cult of Persephone and other deities. They were produced in Locri during the first half of the 5th century BC and offered as votive dedications at the Locrian sanctuary of Persephone. More than 5,000, mostly fragmentary, pinakes are stored in the National Museum of Magna Græcia in Reggio Calabria and in the museum of Locri.<ref name=auto2/> Representations of myth and cult on the clay tablets (pinakes) dedicated to this goddess reveal not only a 'Chthonian Queen,' but also a deity concerned with the spheres of marriage and childbirth.<ref name=auto1/><br />
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The Italian archaeologist [[Paolo Orsi]], between 1908 and 1911, carried out a meticulous series of excavations and explorations in the area which allowed him to identify the site of the renowned Persephoneion, an ancient temple dedicated to Persephone in Calabria which Diodorus in his own time knew as the most illustrious in Italy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.locriantica.it/english/site/persephoneion_eng.htm |title=Locri Epizephyrii, The Archaeological Site – Persephoneion, the Sanctuary of Persephone |website=www.locriantica.it |access-date=18 April 2019 |archive-date=18 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418160206/https://www.locriantica.it/english/site/persephoneion_eng.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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The place where the ruins of the Sanctuary of Persephone were brought to light is located at the foot of the Mannella hill, near the walls (upstream side) of the [[polis]] of Epizephyrian Locris. Thanks to the finds that have been retrieved and to the studies carried on, it has been possible to date its use to a period between the 7th century&nbsp;BC and the 3rd century&nbsp;BC.<br />
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Archaeological finds suggest that worship of Demeter and Persephone was widespread in Sicily and Greek Italy.<br />
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===In Orphism===<br />
[[File:Hades abducting Persephone.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Hades]] abducting Persephone, wall painting in the small royal tomb at [[Vergina]]. [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]], Greece]]<br />
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Evidence from both the ''[[Orphic Hymns]]'' and the [[Totenpass|Orphic Gold Leaves]] demonstrate that Persephone was one of the most important deities worshiped in [[Orphism (religion)|Orphism]].<ref name=bremmer>{{harvnb|Bremmer|2013}} {{pages needed |date=December 2024}}</ref> In the Orphic religion, gold leaves with verses intended to help the deceased enter into an optimal afterlife were often buried with the dead. Persephone is mentioned frequently in these tablets, along with Demeter and Euklês, which may be another name for [[Plouton]].<ref name=bremmer/> The ideal afterlife destination believers strive for is described on some leaves as the "sacred meadows and groves of Persephone". Other gold leaves describe Persephone's role in receiving and sheltering the dead, in such lines as "I dived under the ''kolpos'' [portion of a Peplos folded over the belt] of the Lady, the Chthonian Queen", an image evocative of a child hiding under its mother's apron.<ref name=bremmer/><br />
<br />
In Orphism, Persephone is believed to be the mother of the first Dionysus. In Orphic myth, Zeus came to Persephone in her bedchamber in the underworld and impregnated her with the child who would become his successor. The infant Dionysus was later dismembered by the [[Titan (mythology)|Titans]], before being reborn as the second Dionysus, who wandered the earth spreading his mystery cult before ascending to the heavens with his second mother, [[Semele]].<ref name=Edmonds-2011/> The first, "Orphic" Dionysus is sometimes referred to with the alternate name Zagreus ({{langx|grc|Ζαγρεύς}}). The earliest mentions of this name in literature describe him as a partner of Gaia and call him the highest god. The Greek poet [[Aeschylus]] considered Zagreus either an alternate name for Hades, or his son (presumably born to Persephone).<ref>{{harvnb|Aeschylus|loc= [https://archive.org/details/aeschyluswitheng02aescuoft/page/458/mode/2up?q=228 fragment 228]}}; {{harvnb|Gantz|1996|p= 118}}.</ref> Scholar [[Timothy Gantz]] noted that Hades was often considered an alternate, chthonic form of Zeus, and suggested that it is likely Zagreus was originally the son of Hades and Persephone, who was later merged with the Orphic Dionysus, the son of Zeus and Persephone, owing to the identification of the two fathers as the same being.<ref>{{harvnb|Gantz|1996|p= 118}}</ref> However, no known Orphic sources use the name "Zagreus" to refer to Dionysus. It is possible that the association between the two was known by the 3rd century&nbsp;BC, when the poet [[Callimachus]] may have written about it in a now-lost source.<ref>{{harvnb|Gantz|1996|pp=118–119}}; {{harvnb|West|1983|pp=152–154}}; {{harvnb|Linforth|1941|loc=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015008294699;view=1up;seq=335 pp. 309–311]}}.</ref> In the ''Orphic Hymns'', the Eumenides are daughters of Persephone and Hades.<ref>Athanassakis and Wolkow, pp. [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780891301196/page/56/mode/2up?view=theater 56], [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780891301196/page/192/mode/2up?view=theater 193].</ref> Whereas Melinoë was conceived as the result of rape when Zeus disguised himself as Hades in order to mate with Persephone, the Eumenides' origin is unclear.<ref>{{harvnb|Edmonds III|2013|p=178 }}</ref><br />
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===Other local cults===<br />
[[File:S03 06 01 020 image 2524.jpg|thumb|Italy. Renaissance relief, ''Rape of Persephone''. Brooklyn Museum Archives, Goodyear Archival Collection]]<br />
<br />
There were local cults of Demeter and Kore in Greece, [[Asia Minor]], Sicily, Magna Graecia, and Libya.<br />
; Attica<ref>{{harvnb|Nilsson |1967|pp= 463–465}}</ref><br />
* [[Athens]], in the mysteries of Agrae. This was a local cult near the river [[Ilissos]]. They were celebrated during spring in the month [[Attic calendar|Anthesterion]]. Later they became an obligation for the participants of the "greater" [[Eleusinian Mysteries]]. There was a temple of Demeter and Kore and an image of [[Triptolemos]].<ref>{{harvnb|Pausanias |loc=1.14,1}}: {{harvnb|Nilsson |1967|pp= 668–670}}</ref>[[File:Demeter in horse chariot w daughter kore 83d40m wikiC Tempio Y di Selinunte sec VIa.JPG|thumb|Demeter drives her horse-drawn chariot containing her daughter Persephone at [[Selinunte]], Sicily 6th century&nbsp;BC]]<br />
* [[Piraeus]]: The ''Skirophoria'', a festival related to the [[Thesmophoria]].<br />
* [[Megara]]: Cult of Demeter ''thesmophoros'' and Kore. The city was named after its ''megara'' .<ref>{{harvnb|Pausanias|loc=I 42,6}}; {{harvnb|Nilsson |1967|p= 463}}</ref><br />
* [[Aegina]]: Cult of Demeter ''thesmophoros'' and Kore.<br />
* [[Phlya]]: near Koropi. The local mystery religion may have been originally dedicated to Demeter, Kore, and Zeus Ktesios; Pausanias mentions a temple to all three there. It seems that the mysteries were related to the mysteries of [[Andania]] in [[Messene]].<ref name=Nilsson668>{{harvnb|Nilsson |1967|pp= 668–670}}</ref><br />
; Boeotia<br />
* [[Ancient Thebes (Boeotia)|Thebes]]: purportedly granted to her by Zeus in return for a favor.<ref>Scholia ad. Euripides Phoen. 487</ref> As well, the cults of Demeter and Kore in a feast named [[Thesmophoria]] but probably different. It was celebrated in the summer month ''Bukatios''.<ref name="Nilsson463" /><ref name="Diodor">{{harvnb|Diodorus Siculus|loc=v.4.7}}: "At [[Thebes (Greece)|Thebes]] or [[Delos]] the festival occurred two months earlier, so any seed-sowing connection was not intrinsic."</ref><br />
* A feast in Boeotia, in the month ''Demetrios'' ([[Attic calendar|Pyanepsion]]), probably similar with the [[Thesmophoria]].<br />
; Peloponnese (except Arcadia)<ref name=Nilsson463/><br />
* [[Hermione (Argolis)|Hermione]]: An old cult of Demeter [[chthonic|Chthonia]], Kore, and ''Klymenos'' ([[Hades]]). Cows were pushed into the temple, and then they were killed by four women. It is possible that Hermione was a mythical name, the place of the souls.<ref name=Rhode206/><br />
* [[Asine]]: Cult of Demeter Chthonia. The cult seems to be related to the original cult of Demeter in Hermione.<ref name=Rhode206/><br />
* [[Lakonia]]: Temple of Demeter ''Eleusinia'' near [[Taygetos]]. The feast was named ''Eleuhinia'', and the name was given before the relation of Demeter with the cult of [[Eleusis]].<br />
* [[Lakonia]] at Aigila: Dedicated to Demeter. Men were excluded.<br />
* near [[Sparta]]: Cult of Demeter and Kore, the Demeters ({{lang|grc|Δαμάτερες}}, "Damaters"). According to Hesychius, the feast lasted three days (Thesmophoria).<br />
* [[Corinth]]: Cult of Demeter, Kore, and Pluton.<ref name=Rhode206/><br />
* [[Triphylia]] in [[Ancient Elis|Elis]]: Cult of Demeter, Kore, and Hades.<ref name=Rhode206/><br />
; Arcadia<ref name=Nilsson478>{{harvnb|Nilsson |1967|pp= 477–480}}: "The Arcadian Great goddesses"</ref><br />
* [[Pheneos]]: Mysteries of Demeter ''Thesmia'' and Demeter ''Eleusinia''. The Eleusinian cult was introduced later.<br />
* Pallantion near [[Tripoli, Greece|Tripoli]]: Cult of Demeter and Kore.<br />
* [[Karyai (ancient city)|Karyai]]: Cult of Kore and Pluton.<ref name=Rhode206/><br />
* [[Tegea]]: Cult of Demeter and Kore, the ''Karpophoroi'', "Fruit givers".<br />
* [[Megalopolis, Greece|Megalopolis]]: Cult of the Great goddesses, Demeter and ''Kore Sotira'', "the savior".<br />
* [[Mantineia]]: Cult of Demeter and Kore in the fest ''Koragia''.<ref>For Mantinea, see ''Brill's New Pauly'' "Persephone", II D.</ref><br />
* [[Trapezus, Arcadia|Trapezus]]: Mysteries of the Great goddesses, Demeter and Kore. The temple was built near a spring, and a fire was burning out of the earth.<br />
; Islands<br />
* [[Paros]]: Cult of Demeter, Kore, and Zeus-Eubuleus.<ref name=Rhode206/><br />
* [[Amorgos]]: Cult of Demeter, Kore, and Zeus-Eubuleus.<ref name=Rhode206/><br />
* [[Delos]]: Cult of Demeter, Kore, and Zeus-Eubuleus. Probably a different feast with the name [[Thesmophoria]], celebrated in a summer month (the same month in Thebes). Two big loaves of bread were offered to the two goddesses. Another feast was named ''Megalartia''.<ref name=Nilsson463/><ref name=Diodor/><br />
* [[Mykonos]]: Cult of Demeter, Kore, and [[Zeus]]-Buleus.<br />
* [[Crete]] : Cult of Demeter and Kore, in the month Thesmophorios.<br />
* [[Rhodes]]: Cult of Demeter and Kore, in the month Thesmophorios. The two goddesses are the Damaters in an inscription from [[Lindos]]<br />
; Egypt<br />
* [[Alexandria]]: According to [[Epiphanius of Salamis|Epiphanius]], a temple of Kore existed in Alexandria. He describes a celebration of the birth of [[Aion (deity)|Aion]] from Kore the Virgin which took place there on [[6 January#Holidays and observances|6 January]].<ref><br />
{{harvnb|Fossum |1999|pp= 306–307}}</ref> Aion may be a form of Dionysus, reborn annually;<ref>{{harvnb|Fossum |1999|p= 309}}</ref> an inscription from Eleusis also identifies Aion as a son of Kore.<ref>Dittenberger: ''Sylloge Inscriptionum'', 3rd ed., 1125</ref><br />
; [[Asia Minor]]<br />
* [[Knidos]]: Cult of Demeter, Kore, and Pluton.<ref name=Rhode206/> Agrarian magic similar to the one used in [[Thesmophoria]] and in the cult of the [[potnia]]i ([[Cabeiri]]an).<ref name=Nilsson463/><br />
* [[Ephesos]]: Cult of Demeter and Kore, celebrated at night-time.<ref>Herodotus VI, 16: {{harvnb|Nilsson |1967|p= 464}}</ref><br />
* [[Priene]]: Cult of Demeter and Kore, similar to the Thesmophoria.<ref name=Nilsson463/><br />
; [[Sicily]]<br />
* [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]]: There was a harvest festival of Demeter and Persephone at Syracuse when the grain was ripe (about May).<ref>Brill's New Pauly, "Persephone", citing [[Diodorus]] 5.4</ref><br />
* A fest ''Koris katagogi'', the descent of Persephone into the underworld.<ref name=Nilsson463/><br />
; Libya<br />
* [[Cyrene, Libya|Cyrene]]: Temple of Demeter and Kore<ref name=Nilsson463/><br />
<br />
== Modern reception ==<br />
[[File:Egitto romano o tolemaico, busto di kore-persefone, in terracotta.jpg|thumb|Small Ptolemaic terracotta bust of Persephone, [[National Archaeological Museum of Athens]], Greece.]]<br />
{{Main|Persephone in popular culture}}<br />
<br />
Persephone also appears many times in popular culture. Modern retellings of the myth sometimes depict Persephone as at first unhappy with Hades abducting her, but eventually coming to appreciate her role as his queen after he began to treat her with respect, though she occasionally engages in affairs with mortals.<ref>{{Cite video |last=Zarka |first=Emily |date=April 26, 2022 |title=Persephone: Bringer of Life or Destruction? |publisher=PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/video/persephone-bringer-of-life-or-destruction-vy3iox/|access-date=December 27, 2023}}</ref> Featured in a variety of novels such as ''Persephone '' by Kaitlin Bevis, '' A Touch of Darkness'' by Scarlett St. Clair, ''Persephone's Orchard'' by Molly Ringle, ''The Goddess Test'' by Aimee Carter, ''The Goddess Letters'' by Carol Orlock, ''Abandon'' by Meg Cabot, ''Neon Gods'' by Katee Robert and ''[[Lore Olympus]]'' by Rachel Smythe, her story has also been treated by Suzanne Banay Santo in ''Persephone Under the Earth'' in the light of women's spirituality; portraying Persephone as a traumatized woman in a quest of power, transcending the role of the daughter, though ultimately returning to it as an awakened Queen.<ref>{{cite book|title=Persephone Under the Earth|publisher=Red Butterfly Publications|author=Santo, Suzanne Banay|year=2012|isbn=978-0-9880914-0-5}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Jungian interpretation ==<br />
Elizabeth Eowyn Nelson, in "Embodying Persephone's Desire: Authentic Movement and Underworld",<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nelson |first=Elizabeth Eowyn |date=2016-06-01 |title=Embodying Persephone's Desire: Authentic Movement and Underworld Transformation |journal=Journal of Jungian Scholarly Studies |volume=11 |pages=5–17 |doi=10.29173/jjs37s |issn=1920-986X|doi-access=free }}</ref> interprets the Persephone myth through [[Analytical psychology|Jungian psychology]]. She focuses on the dual nature of Persephone as both maiden and queen of the underworld, symbolizing the Jungian themes of life, death, and rebirth, and the complexity of the human psyche. Nelson also examines the mother-daughter relationship between Persephone and Demeter, emphasizing its significance in the myth as an embodiment of the cyclical nature of life and the process of transformation. This interpretation views Persephone's descent into the underworld as a metaphor for the journey into the unconscious, highlighting self-discovery and confrontation with deeper aspects of the self.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Ancient Greece|Myths|Religion}}<br />
* [[Anthesphoria]], festival honoring Proserpina, and Persephone<br />
* [[Eleusinian Mysteries]]<br />
* [[Demeter]]<br />
* [[Despoina]]<br />
* [[Rape of Persephone]]<br />
* [[Sporus]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist|25em}}<br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
{{refbegin|30em}}<br />
'''''Classical sources'''''<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=Claudius Aelianus |author=Aelian |translator-last1=Scholfield |translator-first1=A.F. |year=1959 |orig-year=2nd century CE |title=De Natura Animalium |trans-title=On Animals |volume=III: books 12–17 |series=Loeb Classical Library No. 449 |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press |url=https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL449/1959/volume.xml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018194519/https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL449/1959/volume.xml |archive-date=18 October 2021 |isbn=978-0-674-99494-2 |ref={{harvid|Aelian, ''Animalium''}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |author=Aeschylus |translator-link=Herbert Weir Smyth |translator-last=Smyth |translator-first=H.W. |year=1926 |orig-year=5th century BCE |title=Aeschylus, with an English translation |chapter=Fragments |volume=II |location=London |publisher=Heinemann |url=https://archive.org/stream/aeschyluswitheng02aescuoft |ref={{harvid|Aeschylus}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus) |author=Apollodorus |translator-last=Frazer |translator-first=J. |year=1921 |orig-year= 1st century CE |title=Bibliotheca |trans-title=The Library |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225100246/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |ref={{harvid|Apollodorus, ''Bibliotheca''}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |author1=Homer |author-link1=Homer |translator-last1=Murray |translator-first1=A.T. |year=1924 |orig-year= 8th century BC |title=The Iliad |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press |url=http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-eng1:1.1-1.43 |ref={{harvid|Homer, ''Iliad''}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |author1=Homer |author-link1=Homer |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.268131/page/n1/mode/2up |year=1871 |orig-year= 8th century BC |title=The Odyssey |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |ref={{harvid|Homer, ''Odyssey''}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |author=Gaius Julius Hyginus |authorlink=Gaius Julius Hyginus |translator-last=Grant |translator-first=Mary |editor-last=Grant |editor-first=Mary |title=Astronomica from the Myths of Hyginus |publisher=University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies |url=https://topostext.org/work/207 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815135348/https://topostext.org/work/207 |archive-date=15 August 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book|authorlink=Antoninus Liberalis |author=Antoninus Liberalis |year=1992 |orig-year=2nd to 3rd century CE |title=The Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis |translator-first1=Francis |translator-last1=Celoria |publisher=Routledge |url=https://topostext.org/work/216 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002180842/https://topostext.org/work/216 |archive-date=2 October 2018 |ref={{harvid|Antoninus Liberalis}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |author=Lucian |authorlink=Lucian |translator-last1=Fowler |translator-first1=H.W. |translator-last2=Fowler|translator-first2=F.G. |year=1905 |orig-year=2nd century CE |title=Dialogues of the Gods |location=Oxford |publisher=The Clarendon Press |ref={{harvid|Lucian tr. Fowler}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink1=Oppian |author1=Oppian |authorlink2=Colluthus |author2=Colluthus |authorlink3=Tryphiodorus |author3=Tryphiodorus |year=1928 |orig-year= 1st to 5th centuries CE |chapter=Halieutica |title=Oppian, Colluthus, and Tryphiodorus |translator-first=A.W. |translator-last=Mair |series=Loeb Classical Library 219 |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press |url=https://topostext.org/work/524 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924163646/https://topostext.org/work/524 |archive-date=24 September 2021 |ref={{harvid|Oppian|Colluthus|Tryphiodorus}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=Ovid |author=Ovid |date=1922 |orig-date=8 CE |title=Metamorphoses |translator-first1=Brookes |translator-last1=More |location=Boston |publisher=Cornhill Publishing Co |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.+Met.+10.728&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029173604/https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text%3Fdoc%3DOv.%2BMet.%2B10.728%26fromdoc%3DPerseus:text:1999.02.0028 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |ref={{harvid|Ovid, ''Metamorphoses''}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=Pausanias (geographer) |author=Pausanias |translator-last1=Jones |translator-first1=W.H.S. |translator-last2=Ormerod |translator-first2=H.A. |year=1918 |orig-year=2nd century CE |title=Helládos Periḗgēsis |trans-title=Description of Greece |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press |ref={{harvid|Pausanias}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=Strabo |author=Strabo |year=1924 |orig-year=1st century CE |title=The Geography of Strabo |editor-first=H.L. |editor-last=Jones |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press |url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0198%3Abook%3D6%3Achapter%3D1%3Asection%3D1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415073946/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0198%3Abook%3D6%3Achapter%3D1%3Asection%3D1 |archive-date=15 April 2014 |ref={{harvid|Strabo, ''Geography''}}}}<br />
* {{cite book|authorlink1=Theognis |author1=Theognis |translator-last1=Edmonds |translator-first1=J.M. |year=1931 |orig-year=6th century BCE |title=Elegy and Iambu with an English Translation by J.M. Edmonds |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0479%3Avolume%3D1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926085036/https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0479:volume%3D1 |archive-date=26 September 2021 |ref={{harvid|Theognis, ''Elegy''}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=Diodorus Siculus |author=Diodorus Siculus |year=1888–1890 |orig-year=c. 56 BCE |title=Bibliotheca Historica |volume=1–2 |editor-first1=Immanel |editor-last1=Bekker |editor-first2=Ludwig |editor-last2=Dindorf |editor-first3=Friedrich |editor-last3=Vogel |location=Leipzig |publisher=aedibus B.G. Teubneri |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0540 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513121122/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0540 |archive-date=13 May 2021 |language=grc |ref={{harvid|Diodorus Siculus}}}}<br />
<br />
'''''Contemporary sources'''''<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Athanassakis |first1=Apostolos N. |last2=Wolkow |first2=Benjamin M. |date=29 May 2013 |title=The Orphic Hymns |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=978-1-4214-0882-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTo3r8IHy0wC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100804/https://books.google.com/books?id=TTo3r8IHy0wC&printsec=frontcover |archive-date=10 February 2023 }}<br />
*{{cite web |last=Aurora |first=Frederico |title=PY 316 Tn (44) |website=DĀMOS: Database of Mycenaean at Oslo |publisher=[[University of Oslo]] |url=https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/4985 |access-date=19 March 2014 |archive-date=14 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314010920/https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/4985 |url-status=live }}<br />
*{{cite book |authorlink=Robert S. P. Beekes |last=Beekes |first=R.S.P. |year=2009 |title=Etymological Dictionary of Greek |publisher=Brill |volume=2 |pages=1179–80 |isbn=9789004174184 }}<br />
* {{cite book| first1 =Michael J. |last1=Bennett | first2 = Aaron J. |last2 = Paul |first3 = Mario| last3= Iozzo|first4= Bruce|last4= White|title = Magna Graecia: Greek Art from South Italy and Sicily|publisher = The Cleveland Museum of Art|date = 2002|isbn= 0-940717-71-9}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Bell |first=Robert E. |title=Women of Classical Mythology: A Biographical Dictionary |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=1991 |isbn=0-87436-581-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/womenofclassical00bell/mode/2up?view=theater}}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=Maurice Bowra |last=Bowra |first=M. |year=1957 |title=The Greek Experience |publisher=The World Publishing Company |location=Cleveland}} <br />
*{{cite book |authorlink=Jan Bremmer |first=Jan N. |last=Bremmer |year=2020 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5I_HDwAAQBAJ&dq=Etymological+Dictionary+of+Greek%2B+Beekes%2BPersephone&pg=PA74 |title=The World of Greek Religion and Mythology:Collected Essays II |publisher=Mohr Siebeck |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100804/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_World_of_Greek_Religion_and_Mytholog/5I_HDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Etymological+Dictionary+of+Greek%2B+Beekes%2BPersephone&pg=PA74&printsec=frontcover |archive-date=10 February 2023 |isbn=9783161544514}}<br />
*{{cite journal |last=Bremmer |first=Jan N |year=2013 |title=Divinities in the Orphic Gold Leaves: Euklês, Eubouleus, Brimo, Kybele, Kore and Persephone |journal=Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik |volume=187 |pages=35–48 |jstor=23850747}}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=Walter Burkert |last=Burkert |first=Walter |year=1985 |title=Greek Religion |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=0-674-36281-0}}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=John Chadwick |last=Chadwick |first=John |title=Documents in Mycenean Greek |edition=2nd |year=1959 |oclc=1357633622 |url=https://archive.org/details/documentsinmycen0000vent_t7m4/page/n3/mode/2up}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Chadwick |first=John |author-link=John Chadwick |year=1976 |title=The Mycenaean World |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-29037-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RMj7M_tGaNMC&pg=PA95|access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100756/https://books.google.com/books?id=RMj7M_tGaNMC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }} At Google Books.<br />
* {{cite book | last1= Edmonds III |first1 = Radcliffe G.|title = Redefining Ancient Orphism: A Study in Greek Religion| publisher= Cambridge University Press |date = 2013|isbn= 978-1-107-03821-9}}<br />
*{{cite encyclopedia | last1= Edmonds III |first1 = Radcliffe G. |year=2011 |title=Orphic Mythology |encyclopedia=A Companion to Greek Mythology |edition=1st |editor-first1=Ken |editor-last1=Dowden |editor-first2=Niall |editor-last2=Livingstone |publisher=Blackwell Publishing Ltd |isbn=9781405111782}}<br />
* {{cite book | last1= Edmonds III |first1 = Radcliffe G.| title = Myths of the Underworld Journey: Plato, Aristophanes, and the 'Orphic' Gold Tablets | publisher = Cambridge University Press|date = 2004|isbn=0-52183434-1|ref=CITEREFEdmonds2004}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Evelyn-White |first=H.G. |year=1914 |chapter=Homeric Hymn to Demeter (2) |title=The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press |url=http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0013.tlg002.perseus-eng1:1-39 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809144355/http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0013.tlg002.perseus-eng1:1-39 |archive-date=9 August 2020 }}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=Lewis Richard Farnell |last=Farnell, Lewis Richard |year=1906 |title=The Cults of the Greek States |volume=3 |chapter=Demeter and Kore-Persephone; Cult-monuments of Demeter-Kore; Ideal types of Demeter-Kore}}<br />
*{{cite journal |title=The Myth of the Eternal Rebirth: Critical Notes on G. W. Bowersock, Hellenism in Late Antiquity |last=Fossum |first=Jarl |journal=Vigiliae Christianae |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages= 305–315|date=August 1999 |doi=10.2307/1584594|jstor=1584594 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Gantz |first= T. |authorlink=Timothy Gantz |year=1996 |title=Early Greek Myth: A guide to literary and artistic sources |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press}} In two volumes: {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5360-9}} (Vol. 1), {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5362-3}} (Vol. 2).<br />
* {{cite book |last=Grimal |first=Pierre |title=The Dictionary of Classical Mythology |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-631-20102-1}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Hard |first=Robin |year=2004 |title=The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology" |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-18636-0}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Heslin |first=Peter |year=2018 |title=Propertius, Greek Myth, and Virgil: Rivalry, allegory, and polemic |publisher=Oxford, Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-199-54157-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WhJbDwAAQBAJ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100804/https://books.google.com/books?id=WhJbDwAAQBAJ |archive-date=10 February 2023 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Janda |first=Michael |year=2010 |title=Die Musik nach dem Chaos |location=Innsbruck |publisher=Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft}}<br />
* {{cite book | title = Greek Vases in the J. Paul Getty Museum | volume = 1 | author = J. Paul Getty Museum | author-link = J. Paul Getty Museum | location = Malibu, California | date = 1983 | isbn = 0-89236-058-5 | publisher = [[Getty Publications]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=exArAgAAQBAJ | access-date = 8 February 2023 | archive-date = 8 February 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230208160349/https://books.google.com/books?id=exArAgAAQBAJ | url-status = live }}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=Karl Kerenyi |last=Kerenyi |first=K |year=1967 |title=Eleusis: Archetypal image of mother and daughter |publisher=Princeton University Press }}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Kerenyi |first=K. |year=1976 |title=Dionysos: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life |location=Princeton |publisher=Bollingen |isbn=0-691-02915-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cXL-QIIhn5gC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100805/https://books.google.com/books?id=cXL-QIIhn5gC&printsec=frontcover&hl=en |archive-date=10 February 2023 }}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=Otto Kern |last=Kern |first=O. |year=1922 |title=Orphicorum Fragmenta |publisher=Berolini Apud Weidmannos |location=Berlin |url=https://archive.org/stream/orphicorumfragme00orphuoft#page/n5/mode/2up }}<br />
*{{ cite book |authorlink=Peter Kingsley |first=Peter |last=Kingsley |year=1995 |title=Ancient Philosophy, Mystery, and Magic: Empedocles and Pythagorean Tradition |publisher=Oxford University Press }}<br />
*{{cite book |last1=Kourouniōtēs |first1=Kōnstantinos |first2=George |last2=Mylonas |year=1932 |title=Eleusiniaka |oclc=10084499}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Kramer |first=Samuel Noah |title=Sumerian Mythology: A Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium B.C. |edition=Revised |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=1961 |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-1605060491 |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/sum/sum08.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012151558/http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/sum/sum08.htm |archive-date=12 October 2014}} <br />
*{{cite journal |last=Lincoln |first=Bruce |title=The Rape of Persephone: A Greek Scenario of Women's Initiation |journal=The Harvard Theological Review |date=1979 |volume=72 |issue=3/4 |pages=223–235 |doi=10.1017/S0017816000020034 |jstor=1509722 |s2cid=161724658 |issn=0017-8160 }}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Linforth |first=Ivan |title=The arts of Orpheus |location=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press |year=1941 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015008294699 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125231114/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015008294699 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |oclc=3101754}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Meisner |first=Dwayne A. |year=2018 |title=Orphic Tradition and the Birth of the Gods |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-066352-0}}<br />
*{{cite book |first=George |last=Mylonas |year=1966 |title=Mycenae and the Mycenean age |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=9780691035239}}<br />
* {{cite book | title = On Greek Religion| last1 = Parker |first1 = Robert|publisher = Cornell University Press|date = 2011 |isbn =978-0-8014-4948-2}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Miles |first=Gary B. |year=1980 |title=Virgil's Georgics: A New Interpretation |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=0-520-03789-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BG3tDwAAQBAJ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100758/https://books.google.gr/books?id=BG3tDwAAQBAJ&dq= |archive-date=10 February 2023 }}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=Martin P. Nilsson |last=Nilsson |first=Martin |year=1967 |title=Die Geschichte der Griechischen Religion |volume=I |edition=Revised |location=Muenchen, DE |publisher=C.F Beck Verlag }}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Nilsson |first=M. |year=1950 |title=Minoan-Mycenaean Religion, and its Survival in Greek Religion |edition=2nd |location=Lund |publisher=Gleerup }}<br />
*{{cite web |url=https://sacred-texts.com/cla/gpr/gpr07.htm |first=Martin |last=Nilsson |year=1940 |title=Greek Popular Religion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821205029/https://sacred-texts.com/cla/gpr/gpr07.htm#page_48 |archive-date=21 August 2021}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Paton |first=W.R. |year=1916 |title=The Greek Anthology with an English Translation |location=London |publisher=William Heinemann Ltd. 1. |url=https://topostext.org/work/532 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615121601/https://topostext.org/work/532 |archive-date=15 June 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite web |title=pe-re-*82 |work=Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B |last=Raymoure |first=K.A. |publisher=Deaditerranean |url=http://minoan.deaditerranean.com/resources/linear-b-sign-groups/pe/pe-re-82/ |access-date=19 March 2014 |archive-date=21 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321065056/http://minoan.deaditerranean.com/resources/linear-b-sign-groups/pe/pe-re-82/ }}<br />
*{{ cite magazine |authorlink=Gisela M. A. Richter |last=Richter |first=Gisela M. A. |title=An Athenian Vase with the Return of Persephone |magazine=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin |volume=26 |issue=10 |date=October 1931 |pages=245–248}}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=Erwin Rohde |last=Rohde |first=E. |year=1961 |title=Psyche. Seelenkult und Unsterblichkeitsglaube der Griechen |publisher=Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellshaft |location=Darmstad |orig-year=1893 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uiZF4fYQTQcC&q=intitle:Psyche+inauthor:Erwin+inauthor:Rohde |language=de}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Rohde |first=E. |year=2000 |title=Psyche: The Cult of Souls and the Belief in Immortality among the Greeks |translator-first= W. B. |translator-last=Hillis |location=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-22563-2 |orig-year=1925|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EsVTr_6c7E0C}}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=Fritz Schachermeyr |last=Schachermeyr |first=F. |year=1964 |title=Die Minoische Kultur des alten Kreta |publisher=W.Kohlhammer Verlag |location=Stuttgart}}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=William Smith (lexicographer) |last=Smith |first=W. |year=1873 |title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology |publisher=Spottiswoode and Co|location=London |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=persephone-bio-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308030328/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=persephone-bio-1 |archive-date=8 March 2021 }}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=Barbette Stanley Spaeth |last=Spaeth |first=Barbette Stanley |year=1996 |title=The Roman goddess Ceres |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=978-0-292-77693-7}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Tripp |first=Edward |title=Crowell's Handbook of Classical Mythology |publisher=Thomas Y. Crowell Co |edition=first |date=June 1970 |isbn=069022608X}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Welch |first=Anthony |year=2013 |title=The Renaissance Epic and the Oral Past |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300178869}}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=Martin Litchfield West |last=West |first=M.L. |year=1983 |title=The Orphic Poems |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-814854-8}}<br />
*{{cite journal |authorlink=T. P. Wiseman |last=Wiseman |first=T. P. |year=1988 |title=Satyrs in Rome? The Background to Horace's Ars Poetica |journal=The Journal of Roman Studies |volume=78|pages=1–13 |doi=10.2307/301447 |jstor=301447 }}<br />
* {{cite book |authorlink=Günther Zuntz |last=Zuntz |first=G. |year=1973 |title=Persephone: Three essays on religion and thought in Magna Graecia}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-000143 The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (images of Persephone)]<br />
{{Commons category|Persephone}}<br />
{{Wiktionary|Persephone}}<br />
* [http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/gpr Martin Nilsson. The Greek popular religion]<br />
* [http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/mycen.html Adams John Paul. Mycenean divinities]<br />
* [http://www.theoi.com/Khthonios/PersephoneGoddess.html PERSEPHONE from The Theoi Project]<br />
* [http://www.theoi.com/Khthonios/HaidesPersephone1.html THE RAPE OF PERSEPHONE from The Theoi Project]<br />
* [http://www.maicar.com/GML/Persephone.html PERSEPHONE from Greek Mythology Link]<br />
* [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/searchresults?q=despoina The Princeton Encyclopedia of classical sites:Despoina]<br />
* [http://www.theoi.com/Georgikos/Despoine.html DESPOINA from The Theoi Project]<br />
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/schumata/tags/kore/ Kore Photographs]<br />
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/persephone/clusters/britishmuseum-museum/ Flickr users' photos tagged with Persephone]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200406105333/https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/resources/16964 Proserpine (Persephone) sculpture] by [[Hiram Powers]]<br />
<br />
{{Greek mythology (deities)}}<br />
{{Greek religion}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Persephone| ]]<br />
[[Category:Greek underworld]]<br />
[[Category:Queens in Greek mythology]]<br />
[[Category:Life-death-rebirth goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Eleusinian Mysteries]]<br />
[[Category:Earth goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Underworld goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Greek death goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Residents of the Greek underworld]]<br />
[[Category:Greek goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Divine women of Zeus]]<br />
[[Category:Chthonic beings]]<br />
[[Category:Children of Demeter]]<br />
[[Category:Nature goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Agricultural goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Food goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Death goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Destroyer goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Daughters of Zeus]]<br />
[[Category:Marriage goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Deeds of Demeter]]<br />
[[Category:Metamorphoses characters]]<br />
[[Category:Women of Hades]]<br />
[[Category:Fertility goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Mythological kidnapped people]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in the Odyssey]]<br />
[[Category:Rape of Persephone]]<br />
[[Category:Childhood goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Women and death]]<br />
[[Category:Seasons]]<br />
[[Category:Spring deities]]<br />
[[Category:Pomegranates in culture]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kattupookkal&diff=472721Kattupookkal2026-03-04T09:23:33Z<p>Pruthviraj: refined formatting for accuracy as per guidelines</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film <br />
| name = Kattupookkal<br />
| image =<br />
| caption =<br />
| director = K. Thankappan<br />
| producer = K. Thankappan<br />
| writer = [[Ponkunnam Varkey]]<br />
| screenplay = [[Ponkunnam Varkey]]<br />
| starring = [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]]<br/>[[Adoor Bhasi]]<br/>[[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]]<br/>[[Devika]]<br />
| music = [[G. Devarajan]]<br />
| cinematography = R. N. Pillai<br />
| editing = K. B. Singh<br />
| studio = Giri Movies<br />
| distributor = Giri Movies<br />
| released = {{Film date|1965|09|03|df=y}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Kattupookkal''''' is a 1965 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film, directed and produced by K. Thankappan. The film stars [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Adoor Bhasi]], [[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]] and [[Devika]]. The film had musical score by [[G. Devarajan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=152|title=Kaattupookkal|access-date=2014-10-11|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?2818|title=Kaattupookkal|access-date=2014-10-11|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/music/malayalam-film-songs-at-their-poetic-best-english-news-1.863211 |title=Malayalam film songs at their poetic best |date=13 February 2016 |access-date=2 July 2021 |publisher=[[Mathrubhumi]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
*[[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] as Dr. Johny<br />
*[[Adoor Bhasi]]<br />
*[[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]] as Thomachan<br />
*[[Devika]] as Anni<br />
*[[Chithradevi]] as Mery<br />
*[[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]]<br />
*[[O. Madhavan]] as Lonachan<br />
* [[Paravoor Bharathan]] as Kariyachan<br />
* [[Manavalan Joseph]] as Insurance Agent <br />
* [[Nellikode Bhaskaran]]<br />
*[[Philomina]]<br />
*[[S. P. Pillai]]<br />
*[[Kumari Padmini]] as Kamalam<br />
*[[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]]<br />
* [[Adoor Pankajam]]<br />
* Shanthapriya<br />
* [[Nilambur Ayisha]]<br />
* Kottayam Chellappan as Priest<br />
* Mathew<br />
* Master Suresh as Venu<br />
* Uthaman<br />
* John<br />
* Kalakkal Kumaran<br />
*Vijaya Kumari<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
The music was composed by [[G. Devarajan]] and the lyrics were written by [[O. N. V. Kurup]].<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"<br />
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || "Anthithiriyum" || [[P. Susheela]] || [[O. N. V. Kurup]] || <br />
|-<br />
| 2 || "Athappoo Chithirappoo" || P. Susheela || O. N. V. Kurup || <br />
|-<br />
| 3 || "Deepam Kaattuka" || [[P. Leela]], Gomathy, L. R. Anjali || O. N. V. Kurup || <br />
|-<br />
| 4 || "Kaattupookkal Njangal" || P. Leela, Chorus || O. N. V. Kurup || <br />
|-<br />
| 5 || "Maanikyaveenayumaay" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || O. N. V. Kurup || <br />
|-<br />
| 6 || "Puzhavakkil Pullanimetil" || [[G. Devarajan]], P. Leela, L. R. Anjali || O. N. V. Kurup || <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0254486|Kattu Pookkal}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1965 films]]<br />
[[Category:1965 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1965 Indian films]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{1960s-Malayalam-film-stub}}</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudaali&diff=531011Rudaali2026-03-04T00:04:31Z<p>Pruthviraj: started a bio - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1993 Indian Hindi-language film}}<br />
{{Good article}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Rudaali<br />
| image = Rudaali.jpg<br />
| caption = Poster<br />
| director = [[Kalpana Lajmi]]<br />
| producer = Ravi Gupta<br />Ravi Malik<br />[[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]]<br />[[Doordarshan]]<br />
| writer = [[Gulzar]]<br />
| based_on = {{Based on|''Rudaali''|[[Mahasweta Devi]]}}<br />
| narrator = <br />
| starring = [[Dimple Kapadia]]<br />[[Raj Babbar]]<br />[[Raakhee]]<br />[[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]]<br />
| music = [[Bhupen Hazarika]]<br />
| cinematography = [[Santosh Sivan]]<br /> Dharam Gulati<br />
| released = {{Film date|1993|6|18|df=yes}}<br />
| runtime = 115 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 1993 |title=Rudaali |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/rudaali-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0yodk3mtq |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217093025/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/rudaali-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0yodk3mtq |archive-date=17 February 2022 |access-date=17 February 2022 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref><br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| budget = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Rudaali''''' (pronounced "roo-dah-lee"; {{translation|Female weeper}}){{efn|"Rudaali", literally translated as "female weeper" or "weeping woman", refers to women of lower caste hired as [[professional mourners]] in certain areas of Rajasthan. Their job is to publicly express grief upon the death of upper-caste males on behalf of family members who are not permitted to display emotion due to social status.<ref name="UIowa">{{Cite web |title=Rudaali |url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/Rudaali.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019024024/http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/Rudaali.html |archive-date=19 October 2013 |access-date=1 September 2014 |website=[[University of Iowa]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="pillai">{{Cite journal |last=Pillai |first=Tripthi |date=1 August 2020 |title=Mourner-confessors: The masala intercommunity of women in Rudaali and Hamlet |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41280-020-00178-5 |journal=Postmedieval |language=en |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=243–252 |doi=10.1057/s41280-020-00178-5 |issn=2040-5979 |s2cid=225504336 |access-date=13 February 2022 |archive-date=13 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213110901/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41280-020-00178-5 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref><!-- mourning is a powerful ritual adopted by liminalized women who untetherthemselves from domestic spaces of private grieving and embrace publicness, spectacularly manifesting their suffering as lingering affective critique andjudgment of injustices routinely overlooked within mainstream environments... The cultural practice of public mourning isn't unusual. Several communitiesadopt the ritual, often performed by poor women designated as professional or ceremonial wailers to embody the suffering of others. Notably, studies show that the women mourners often appropriate the funerals to emote the pain of losses felt by those denied the dignity of public attention and mourning --> The term was popularised in literature by Mahashweta Devi's 1979 short story of the same name, upon which this film is based.{{sfn|Chatterji|2020|pp=36–37}}}} is a 1993 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[drama film]] directed by [[Kalpana Lajmi]], written by Lajmi and [[Gulzar]] and based on a 1979 short story of the same name by [[Bengali people|Bengali]] author [[Mahasweta Devi]]. Set in a small village in [[Rajasthan]], the film stars [[Dimple Kapadia]] as Shanichari, a lonely and hardened woman who, despite a lifetime of misfortune and abandonment, is unable to express grief through crying and is challenged with a new job as a [[professional mourner]]. [[Raakhee]], [[Raj Babbar]], and [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] appear in supporting roles. Produced by the [[National Film Development Corporation of India]] and [[Doordarshan]], the film was labelled part of India's neo-realist [[parallel cinema]], but it employed several of the common elements of mainstream Hindi cinema, including songs composed by [[Bhupen Hazarika]].<br />
<br />
''Rudaali'' was a critical and unexpected commercial success. Particular critical praise was directed at Kapadia's performance, with further appreciation of the film's script, music, technical achievements, and Lajmi's direction. The film won three [[National Film Awards]], including [[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] for Kapadia, and was nominated for three [[Filmfare Awards]], earning Kapadia a [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Critics Award for Best Performance]]. Kapadia won Best Actress honours at the 8th [[Damascus International Film Festival]] and the 38th [[Asia-Pacific Film Festival]], where Hazarika was awarded for his music. The film was selected as the [[List of submissions to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film|Indian entry]] for [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] at the [[66th Academy Awards]], but was not nominated.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
[[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] Ramavtar Singh, the [[zamindar]] ({{translation|landlord}}) of Barna (a village in the desert), on his death bed, bemoans that none of his relatives would shed tears for him. He calls for a famous rudaali named Bhikni to mourn him after his death. Bhikni stays with the widow Shanichari, who lives in the Thakur's village. As their friendship grows, Shanichari tells Bhikni her life's story, which is revealed in flashbacks.<br />
<br />
Shanichari was born on a ''Shanichar'' (Saturday), named after the planet ''Shani'' ([[Saturn]]), considered inauspicious in Hindu astrology. Shanichari is blamed by the villagers for everything bad that happens around her – from her father's death, to her mother Peewli's running off to join a theatre troupe. While still young, Shanichari is married off to Ganju, a drunkard. Her son, Budhua, whom she loves very much, likes to roam around aimlessly, just like Peewli did.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, the Thakur's son Lakshman Singh tells her he likes her and hires her as a maid to his wife. In his ''[[haveli]]'', Lakshman tries to get Shanichari to assert herself against social customs and encourages her to "look up" into his eyes when speaking to him. One night, after Shanichari sings at the ''haveli'', he gifts her a house of her own, along with two acres of land.<br />
<br />
Ganju dies from cholera at a village fair. After curses and threats from the village pundit for not observing the prescribed customs, she takes a loan of 50{{nbsp}}rupees to perform the rituals from Ramavatar Singh and becomes a bonded labourer under him.<br />
<br />
Some years later, a grown up Budhua brings home Mungri, a prostitute, as his wife. Shanichari attempts to throw her out but relents on learning that she is pregnant with his child. But the snide remarks of the village pundit and shop-owners fuels conflict between the two women and in a fit of rage after a fight, Mungri [[Abortion|aborts]] the child. Budhua leaves home. Shanichari tells Bhikni that none of these bereavements brought her to tears.<br />
<br />
One night, Bhikni is called to the neighbouring village by a person named Bhishamdata. Ramavatar Singh dies a few hours later. Shanichari goes to bid farewell to Lakshman Singh, who has plans to leave the village. A messenger brings the news of Bhikni's death from the plague and tells Shanichari that Bhikni was her mother, Peewli. Shanichari then begins to weep profusely, and takes over as the new rudaali, crying at the Thakur's funeral.<ref name="UIowa" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rudaali Production Details |url=https://movies.yahoo.com/movie/1809394439/details |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522110439/http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/1809394439/details |archive-date=22 May 2011 |access-date=15 January 2017 |website=[[Yahoo! Movies]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
* [[Dimple Kapadia]] as Shanichari<br />
* [[Rakhee Gulzar|Rakhee]] as Bhikni / Peewli<br />
* [[Raj Babbar]] as Laxman Singh<br />
* [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] as Thakur Ramavtar Singh<br />
* [[Raghubir Yadav]] as Budhua<br />
* [[Sushmita Mukherjee]] as Mungri (Budhua's Wife)<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
The film was produced by media mogul Mr. R.V.Pandit, who was also at the time the owner of famous publication house Business Press and also owner of famous magazines like Gladrags. The film is based on Mahashweta Devi's 1979 short story from the book ''Nairetey Megh''.<ref name="Gupta">{{Cite journal |last=Gupta |first=Pragya |date=1 January 2008 |title='Rudali': from Mahasweta Devi to Kalpana Lajmi |journal=Creative Forum |language=English |volume=21 |issue=1–2 |pages=15–26}}</ref> According to author Priya Kapoor, Lajmi's casting of Kapadia, a popular film star, was a strategic choice to cater for an audience not normally drawn to feminist, experimental films like ''Rudaali''.{{sfn|Kapoor|2005|p=103}} Raakhee was cast in the role of Bhikni.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 April 1992 |title=Raakhee plays professional mourner in Kalpana Lajmi's Rudali |language=en |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/19920415-raakhee-plays-professional-mourner-in-kalpana-lajmi-rudali-766124-2013-06-17 |access-date=14 February 2022 |archive-date=14 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214221344/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/19920415-raakhee-plays-professional-mourner-in-kalpana-lajmi-rudali-766124-2013-06-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] was cast in the film in one of his final roles, and the film, which released after his death, was dedicated to him in the opening credits.{{sfn|Arunachalam|2019|p=410}} The film was produced by the [[National Film Development Corporation of India]] in a process that made Lajmi proclaim she would never again make a film with them.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parasara |first=Noyon Jyoti |date=26 April 2011 |title=My film is stuck with NFDC: Aijaz Ahmed |language=en |work=[[The Times of India]] – [[Mumbai Mirror]] |publisher=The Times Group |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/my-film-is-stuck-with-nfdc-aijaz-ahmed/articleshow/8088038.cms?from=mdr |access-date=14 February 2022 |archive-date=14 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214220335/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/my-film-is-stuck-with-nfdc-aijaz-ahmed/articleshow/8088038.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Lajmi said that Kapadia felt exhausted after filming ended.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Pratim D. |author-link=Pratim D. Gupta |date=23 January 2006 |title=It is no use being eulogised after death? |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/it-is-no-use-being-eulogised-after-death/cid/1667613 |access-date=14 February 2022 |archive-date=14 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214210920/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/it-is-no-use-being-eulogised-after-death/cid/1667613 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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In an attempt to enhance the film's visual appeal, Lajmi chose to change the setting of the story from Bengal to Rajasthan, where she planned to make use of the desertscape and the grand ''[[havelis]]'' (mansions).<ref name="Gahlot">{{Cite news |last=Gahlot |first=Deepa |author-link=Deepa Gahlot |date=28 September 2018 |title=The Woman Who Would Not Weep |work=[[Financial Chronicle]] |url=https://www.mydigitalfc.com/fc-supplements/elan/woman-who-would-not-weep |access-date=12 February 2022 |archive-date=3 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203080536/https://www.mydigitalfc.com/fc-supplements/elan/woman-who-would-not-weep |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was mostly shot on location in the village of Barna, located 40&nbsp;km from the region of [[Jaisalmer]] in western Rajasthan,<ref name="location">{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Nivedita |date=27 May 2017 |title=Village capitalises on film shooting |language=en |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/613934/village-capitalises-film-shooting.html |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-date=15 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215163439/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/613934/village-capitalises-film-shooting.html |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Perur|2018}} as well as [[Jaisalmer Fort]], Khuri desert, and [[Kuldhara]] Ruins.<ref name="Gupta" /> The film's text was spoken in a West Indian dialect, though it was mildly polished for reasons of accessibility to the wider, urban viewers.<ref name="Gupta" /><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Rudaali<br />
| type = soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[Bhupen Hazarika]]<br />
| cover = <br />
| alt = Rudaali Audio CD<br />
| released = 1 January 1993 {{small|(Audio Cassette)}} <br /> 1 May 1993 {{small|(Audio CD)}}<br />
| recorded = <br />
| venue = <br />
| studio = <br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length =<br />
| label = PAN Music<br />
| producer = <br />
| prev_title = Siraj<br />
| prev_year = 1988<br />
| next_title = Pratimurti<br />
| next_year = 1993<br />
}}<br />
The film has music by folk musician [[Bhupen Hazarika]].{{sfn|Arunachalam|2019|p=410}} The soundtrack album released in January 1993 to great success. ''[[Business India]]'' wrote, "''Rudaali'' is the first genuine crossover album to have negotiated the leap from art to mart, via the listeners' heart.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 November 1993 |title=For generations to come, millions will hum the golden melodies of Hazarika's ''Rudaali'' |language=en |work=[[The Indian Express]] |publisher=Express Group |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIhlAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA5 |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-date=15 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215225105/https://books.google.com/books?id=OIhlAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA5 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was also the one of the first Bollywood Soundtrack album to released on Audio Compact Disc in India.<br />
<br />
The song "Dil Hoom Hoom Kare" is based on a previous composition by Hazarika which was used a few decades before in the Assmese film ''Maniram Dewan'' (1964) in a song called "Buku Ham Ham Kore". Gulzar, who authored the lyrics for ''Rudaali'', was fond of the Assamese phrase "Ham Ham", used to denote beating of the heart in excitement, and insisted on using it in the Hindi song instead of the regular Hindi alternative "Dhak Dhak".{{sfn|Arunachalam|2019|p=410}}<br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| all_music = Bhupen Hazarika<br />
| all_lyrics = [[Gulzar]]<br />
| extra_column = Artist(s)<br />
| title1 = Dil Hoom Hoom Kare (Part-1)<br />
| extra1 = [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br />
| note1 = Raga: [[Bhoopali]]<br />
| title2 = Dil Hoom Hoom Kare (Part-2)<br />
| extra2 = [[Bhupen Hazarika]]<br />
| note2 = Raga: Bhoopali<br />
| title3 = Jhuti Mooti Mitwa<br />
| extra3 = Lata Mangeshkar<br />
| note3 = Raga: [[Vrindavani sarang]]<br />
| title4 = Samay O Dhire Chalo (Part-1)<br />
| extra4 = [[Asha Bhosle]]<br />
| note4 = Raga: [[Bhimpalasi]]<br />
| title5 = Samay O Dhire Chalo (Part-2)<br />
| extra5 = Bhupen Hazarika<br />
| note5 = Raga: Bhimpalasi<br />
| title6 = Moula O Moula<br />
| extra6 = Bhupen Hazarika<br />
| note6 = <br />
| title7 = Samay O Dhire Chalo (Part-3)<br />
| extra7 = Lata Mangeshkar<br />
| title8 = Beete Na Beete Na Raina<br />
| extra8 = Asha Bhosle<br />
| note8 = Raga: Bhimpalasi<br />
| title9 = Dil Hom Hom Kare<br />
| note9 = Instrumental<br />
| title10 = Jhuti Moti Mitwa<br />
| note10 = Instrumental <br />
| title11 = Samay O Dhire<br />
| note11 = Instrumental <br />
| title12 = Beete Na Beete Na<br />
| note12 = Instrumental <br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Themes ==<br />
The film explores themes of [[Caste system in India|caste]], [[class stratification]], [[gender inequality]], and poverty, all portrayed through the [[Feudalism|feudal system]] and socio-economic marginalisation of poor villagers.<ref name="Das" /><ref name="Gupta" /> Film critic [[Namrata Joshi]] says the film "placed the issue of gender and patriarchy in the broader context of class and caste divides".<ref name="joshi">{{Cite news |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |author-link=Namrata Joshi |date=23 September 2018 |title=Obituary {{!}} Kalpana Lajmi, one of the earliest feminist voices |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/obituary-kalpana-lajmi-one-of-the-earliest-feminist-voices/article61530642.ece |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101154309/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/obituary-kalpana-lajmi-one-of-the-earliest-feminist-voices/article61530642.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Sumita S. Chakravarty]] described it as "a film that wishes to evoke [[Subaltern (postcolonialism)|subaltern]] ethos".{{sfn|Chakravarty|1999|p=285}} Radha Subramanyam wrote that the film "explores the many levels of oppression to which the lower-caste, impoverished female is subject". She notes the film's combinatory style as it "draws on the two strains of filmmaking extant in India; it combines the social concerns of the 'art' cinema with elements of the mass appeal of Bombay films".<ref name="Subra">{{Cite journal |last=Subramanyam |first=Radha |date=1996 |title=Class, Caste, and Performance in "Subaltern" Feminist Film Theory and Praxis: An Analysis of "Rudaali" |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1225764 |journal=Cinema Journal |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=34–51 |doi=10.2307/1225764 |issn=0009-7101 |jstor=1225764 |access-date=11 February 2022 |archive-date=11 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211234139/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1225764 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> In the book ''India Transitions: Culture and Society during Contemporary Viral Times'', Priya Kapoor calls it "a feminist treatise on solidarity against caste ostracization and the plight of the subaltern woman at the hands of landowning classes".{{sfn|Kapoor|2020|p=79}} She further argued that the film came at a time when "caste and class politics have seen a disturbing resurgence in Indian politics and civilian life".{{sfn|Kapoor|2020|p=80}} In another book, ''Intercultural Communication and Creative Practice: Music, Dance, and Women's Cultural Identity'', Kapoor wrote that "''Rudaali'' offers a chance to examine a rural community, colonial and feudal, bound by its caste location".{{sfn|Kapoor|2005|p=99}}<br />
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The film's script had several diversions from the original story by Devi, including its setting and the focus of the story on the individual story, as well as the romantic tension between Shanichari and the landlord, an original addition to the film.<ref name="Das">{{Cite journal |last1=Das |first1=Reetamoni |last2=Nath |first2=Debarshi Prasad |date=13 October 2014 |title=Rudaali in Film Narrative: Looking Through the Feminist Lens |url=https://cinej.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/cinej/article/view/99/274 |journal=CINEJ Cinema Journal |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=120–139 |doi=10.5195/cinej.2014.99 |issn=2158-8724 |doi-access=free |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=16 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216115844/https://cinej.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/cinej/article/view/99/274 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Shoma Chatterji]] argues that the film is so distant from its original source that those who have read it might be disappointed by the film. She added that those unfamiliar with Devi or the original story might watch ''Rudaali'' independently of its literary source. According to Chatterji, the film romanticises the tragic story of Sachichari.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chatterji |first=Shoma A. |author-link=Shoma Chatterji |date=30 June 2018 |title=Rudali 25 Years: Manufacturing Grief by Proxy |work=The Citizen |url=https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/newsdetail/index/9/14247/rudali-25-years-manufacturing-grief-by-proxy |access-date=11 February 2022 |archive-date=14 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214234506/https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/newsdetail/index/9/14247/rudali-25-years-manufacturing-grief-by-proxy |url-status=live }}</ref> Scholar Tutun Mukherjee wrote of the attraction that develops between Shanichari and the local landlord played by Raj Babbar and posited that given the cultural and social setting of the film, it could only take one form: "It is obvious to both that despite the romance, no relationship other than the exploitative one of the rich over poor and of man over woman can ever be allowed to develop between them."<ref name="dialog">{{Cite journal |last=Mukherjee |first=Tutun |date=2010 |title=Of 'Text' and 'Texualities': Performing Mahasweta |url=https://dialog.puchd.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/PANJAB-UNIVERSITY-DIALOG-NO-19.pdf#page=9 |url-status=live |journal=Dialog: A Bi-annual Interdisciplinary Journal |location=Department of English and Cultural Studies, Panjab University |volume=19 |issue=Autumn |pages=1–20 |issn=0975-4881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208133725/https://dialog.puchd.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/PANJAB-UNIVERSITY-DIALOG-NO-19.pdf#page=9 |archive-date=8 February 2021}}</ref><br />
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The character of Shanichari has been discussed by several writers. Author Chandra Bhushan wrote, "Shanichari is dry like a desert but even she has a flavour, affection and audacity and courage to reject the enticement of Zamindar (the landlord)."{{sfn|Bhushan|2005|p=163}} According to the book ''Indian Popular Cinema: A Narrative of Cultural Change'', Shanichari is described as "highly vulnerable to all sorts of oppressions. She resists many of them, but succumbs to the dominant discourses".{{sfn|Gokulsing|Dissanayake|2004|p=90}} Reetamoni Das and Debarshi Prasad Nath, film scholars, describe Shanichari as one woman who manages to survive through her harsh realities despite the absence of a man through most of her life.<ref name="Das" /> They further describe her as a woman who "writes her own history" as she "neither conforms to the societal constructions of the gender nor the hierarchical communal life".<ref name="Das" /> In the view of Shreerekha Subramanian, the character of Shanichari is an embodiment of the Hindu goddess [[Sita]] or her mother [[Bhumi (goddess)|Bhumi]] who suffer at the hands of men.{{sfn|Subramanian|2011|p=83}}<br />
<br />
The portrayal of the women of the higher caste has been discussed by Das and Nath, who claim that in Devi's story they are very much similar to their privileged male counterparts in terms of "their vanity, sham and upholding their class status", while in the film, their luxurious lifestyle and high socio-economic status notwithstanding, they are still lesser than the men in their environment and in this sense these women are not more privileged than women like Shanichari.<ref name="Das" /> Moreover, the authors note the film's atypical portrayal of women through Shanichari's inability to cry, positioning the film as an "antithesis to the popular belief that a woman is a storehouse for tears".<ref name="Das" /> Pillai Tripthi took note of the film's adoption into the Bollywood format "by turning the public mourning rituals into mellifluous musical performances". Tripthi made comparisons between ''Rudaali'' and ''[[Hamlet]]'', drawing an analogy between [[Ophelia]] and [[Gertrude (Hamlet)|Gertrude]] with Shanichari and Bhikni.<ref name="pillai" /><br />
<br />
== Release and reception ==<br />
''Rudaali'' was popular with critics and the moviegoing public.<ref name="dialog" /> The film's [[sleeper hit|unexpected success]] at the box office was attributed by author [[Sumita S. Chakravarty]] to its "ambivalent self-positioning" between mainstream and art cinema. According to Chakravarty, the lack of commercial success attained by India's alternative cinema had been due to its "shunning of the melodramatic elements of songs and emotionality, its gritty social realism", which ''Rudaali'' embraced altogether.{{sfn|Chakravarty|1999|p=299}}<br />
<br />
[[Chidananda Dasgupta]] from ''[[Cinemaya]]'' noted Kapadia's performance in this film relies on both her prior experience of mainstream cinema conventions as well as her acting prowess which allows her to create a real person, believing these two elements help her make Shanichari "both larger than life and believable". Dasgupta took note of the story and Lajmi's direction as having contributed to this and added, "Together, director and actress succeed in making a mix of melodrama and realism that works". He wrote of Lajmi that "Here in the deserts of Rajasthan with the muted colours of nature and the brilliance of the costumes, she is in her element." He concluded, "To repeat ''Rudali'''s razor's edge walk between realism and melodrama may not be easy."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dasgupta |first=Chidananda |author-link=Chidananda Dasgupta |date=1993 |title=Rudali (The Mourner) |pages=30–31 |work=Cinemaya}}</ref> Film scholar Tutun Mukherjee described ''Rudaali'' as "cinematically appealing and spectacular woman-oriented Hindi film" and praised its quality and production values to be "superior to the usual run-of-mill Hindi formula films".<ref name="dialog" /><br />
<br />
Foreign reviewers were similarly appreciative of ''Rudaali''. J. R. Jones of ''[[Chicago Reader]]'' wrote that Kapadia "acquits herself well as the determined widow".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=J. R. |date=20 December 2002 |title=The Mourner |work=[[Chicago Reader]] |url=https://chicagoreader.com/film/the-mourner/ |access-date=12 February 2022 |archive-date=14 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214234910/https://chicagoreader.com/film/the-mourner/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ernest Dempsey reviewed the film for the book "Recovering the Self: A Journal of Hope and Healing": "Rudaali is a must see for its realism, gripping performances (especially by Dimple Kapadia), and brilliant treatment of an unusual subject with deep psychological implications."{{sfn|Siegel|Wing|Kenley|Levy|2017 |p=83}} The Indologist [[Philip Lutgendorf]] described the film as "uncommon and arresting", noted its "authentic regional costumes and props, somewhat less authentic (but quite haunting) music, and two famous female stars". He appreciated both Raakhee and Kapadia for their performances but praised Kapadia in particular for her "dignity and conviction, as well as her effective body language and gestures, lift her character far beyond bathos."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lutgendorf |first=Philip |author-link=Philip Lutgendorf |title=Rudaali |url=https://indiancinema.sites.uiowa.edu/rudaali |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060805125525/https://uiowa.edu/~incinema/Rudaali.html |archive-date=5 August 2006 |access-date=3 March 2021 |website=uiowa.edu |publisher=[[University of Iowa]] |location=[[Iowa City, Iowa]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In a retrospective review, written for the book ''The Concept of Motherhood in India: Myths, Theories and Realities'' (2020), [[Shoma Chatterji]] expressed mixed feelings for the film. She said that despite its artistic aspiration, the film ends up being "a brazen, commercial film spilling over with the commercial ingredients of big stars, wonderful music, hummable songs, excellent production values, and picturesque landscapes." She noted that Lajmi invested the film with glamour and lavishness that was needed by the original story, and noted that while as an adaptation of Devi's story it is less successful, saying, "Lajmi loses out to the lavish mounting and the musical gimmicks of commercial cinema. She ends up denying the film the identity it deserves." In spite of this, Chatterji noted that if watched without the original story in mind, ''Rudaali'' is "entertaining and educative" in and of itself as it informs "the Indian audience about the oppression of a people it hardly knows about".{{sfn|Chatterji|2020|pp=36–37}}<br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
The film is one of several films based on Devi's works.<ref name="QuintLegacy">{{Cite web |last=Maanvi |date=28 July 2016 |title=Mourning and Revolution: Mahasweta Devi's Legacy on the Screen |url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/07/28/of-mourning-and-revolution-mahasweta-devis-legacy-on-the-screen-rudaali-hazaar-chaurasi-ki-maa |access-date=28 March 2020 |website=[[The Quint]] |archive-date=1 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801092009/http://www.thequint.com/india/2016/07/28/of-mourning-and-revolution-mahasweta-devis-legacy-on-the-screen-rudaali-hazaar-chaurasi-ki-maa |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Devarsi |date=28 July 2016 |title=Mahasweta Devi, RIP: Rudaali to Sunghursh, 5 films that immortalise the author's works |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/mahasweta-devi-death-dead-famous-films-rudaali-hazaar-chaurasi-ki-maa-331939-2016-07-28 |access-date=28 March 2020 |website=[[India Today]] |archive-date=28 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328121221/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/mahasweta-devi-death-dead-famous-films-rudaali-hazaar-chaurasi-ki-maa-331939-2016-07-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> In his book ''The Essential Guide to Bollywood'', Subhash K. Jha picked the film as one of the 200 best Hindi films ever made and wrote: "''Rudaali'' takes us into the life of a professional mourner, played to memorable heights of sad and dry-eyed poignancy by Dimple Kapadia, who is Sanicheri, the mourner who can't weep for herself".{{sfn|Jha|Bachchan|2005|p=78}} M. L. Dhawan included the film in his list of best films of that year, describing it as a "captivating melodrama", commending Kapadia's "mesmerising performance" and concluding, "Folk tunes and songs of Rajasthan blended with Bhupen Hazarika's music against the backdrop of Rajasthani landscapes to add to grandeur to the film."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dhawan |first=M. L. |date=23 March 2003 |title=Year of sensitive, well-made films |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Sunday Tribune]] |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030323/spectrum/main6.htm |access-date=14 February 2022 |archive-date=24 April 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030424060721/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030323/spectrum/main6.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Film Companion]]'' wrote, "Remembered as much as for its mellifluous music, as for Dimple Kapadia's National Award-winning performance and its stark realism, ''Rudaali'' again broke new ground in terms of its subject – the lives of professional mourners."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chaudhuri |first=Shantanu Ray |date=24 September 2018 |title=Kalpana Lajmi, The Lady Who Dared |work=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Film critic Namrata Joshi believes that for Lajmi, ''Rudaali'' is the film "that put the spotlight on her," arguing it is "perhaps the most persuasive feature film" of her career.<ref name="joshi" /> In 1994, Sudhir Bose wrote an article for ''Cinemaya'' about contemporary women directors and noted Lajmi's work in the film where Kapadia delivered a "bravura performance", which, along with Hazarika's music as well as Amjad Khan's "riveting cameo" secured the film's success.{{sfn|Bose|2011}} The ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote in 2018 in a piece about Lajmi that ''Rudaali'' is particularly noteworthy in her career "as it featured a stellar performance by Dimple Kapadia and is still remembered for its songs and music".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Nivedita |date=23 September 2018 |title=Kalpana Lajmi: 10 lesser known facts about the Rudaali director |language=en |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kalpana-lajmi-10-lesser-known-facts-about-the-rudaali-director/story-xkfMQmXXFqsRTMHqPECWSM.html |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-date=24 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124043045/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kalpana-lajmi-10-lesser-known-facts-about-the-rudaali-director/story-xkfMQmXXFqsRTMHqPECWSM.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Lajmi's directorial work has been touted as one of her famous works. Raja Sen included the film in his list of 10 Best Hindi Films by Women Directors.<ref name="Sen" /> [[Deepa Gahlot]] wrote the film remains Lajmi's best-known film.<ref name="Gahlot" /><br />
<br />
Kapadia's performance is considered one of the finest of her career. ''Filmfare'' included her work in the film in its list of "80 Iconic Performances": "Dimple's phenomenal talent comes shining forth when you see years of suppressed hurt, anger and a sense of life's injustice simply flow from Shanichari's eyes."<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=6 June 2010 |title=80 Iconic Performances |magazine=Filmfare}}</ref> Deepa Gahlot wrote for the [[Financial Chronicle]] saying the film starred Kapadia in her finest performance,<ref name="Gahlot" /> and included the character of Shanichari in her book of "25 Daring Women of Bollywood".{{sfn|Gahlot|2015|pp=69–73}} ''[[The Times of India]]'' said Kapadia was her best ever in the role, and similar thoughts were shared by critic Raja Sen.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 August 2005 |title=A countdown ode to Dimple |language=en |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=The Times Group |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/a-countdown-ode-to-dimple/articleshow/1215902.cms?from=mdr |access-date=14 February 2022 |archive-date=14 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214214233/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/a-countdown-ode-to-dimple/articleshow/1215902.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Sen">{{Cite news |last=Sen |first=Raja |date=14 July 2011 |title=Best Ever Hindi Films by Women Directors |language=en |work=Rediff |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-top-ten-hindi-films-by-women-directors/20110714.htm#7 |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-date=15 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215220643/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-top-ten-hindi-films-by-women-directors/20110714.htm#7 |url-status=live }}</ref> In later years, Kapadia has maintained to have been discontent with parts of her performance and considered the transition her character goes through by the end of the film to be less convincing.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Din |first=Suleman |date=25 May 2001 |title=rediff.com US edition: 'I got more than my share in life' |work=[[Rediff.com]] |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2001/may/25usspec.htm |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-date=6 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406013427/https://www.rediff.com/news/2001/may/25usspec.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
The film's music was highly acclaimed, and Priya Singh wrote that "''Rudaali'''s compositions are now part of the canon of world music".{{sfn|Kapoor|2020|p=80}} According to ''[[The Hindu]]'', it is this film's soundtrack which gave Hazarika "a pan-India reach".<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 December 2016 |title=Throwback Thursday: The undying music of Bhupen Hazarika |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/The-undying-music-of-Bhupen-Hazarika/article14630713.ece |access-date=14 February 2022 |archive-date=18 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218091745/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/The-undying-music-of-Bhupen-Hazarika/article14630713.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1999, the film was among those screened at the "Women in Indian Cinema" section at the [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]] and the [[Freer Gallery of Art]] in Washington D.C.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kempley |first=Rita |date=28 February 1999 |title=Here & Now |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1999/02/28/here-now/8a72b6cb-0a46-4242-bcf0-04940d46ec81/ |access-date=14 February 2022 |archive-date=28 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828030435/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1999/02/28/here-now/8a72b6cb-0a46-4242-bcf0-04940d46ec81/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Sullivan |first=Michael |date=26 February 1999 |title=SWEET 'POP' AT HIRSHHORN |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1999/02/26/sweet-pop-at-hirshhorn/da569036-ae73-45f1-a53d-397e600048b3/ |access-date=14 February 2022 |archive-date=28 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828043300/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1999/02/26/sweet-pop-at-hirshhorn/da569036-ae73-45f1-a53d-397e600048b3/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
According to ''[[Deccan Herald]]'', the village of Barna where the film was shot, has become a popular tourist destination since the film's release, with visitors frequenting the place due to its association with the film for years after.<ref name="location" /><br />
<br />
== Awards and honours ==<br />
''Rudaali'' was [[List of submissions to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film|India's official entry]] to the [[66th Academy Awards]] for the [[List of submissions to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film|Indian entry]] for [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] category.<ref name="Variety">{{Cite journal |last=Frook |first=John Evan |date=30 November 1993 |title=Acad inks Cates, unveils foreign-language entries |url=https://variety.com/1993/film/news/acad-inks-cates-unveils-foreign-language-entries-116185/ |journal=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=25 August 2008 |archive-date=8 February 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130208224805/http://www.variety.com/article/VR116185.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2020 |title=Before Gully Boy, these Indian films were sent to the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film Category |url=https://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/all-the-indian-films-that-were-indias-official-entry-to-the-academy-awards-2360805.html |access-date=28 March 2020 |website=[[News18]] |archive-date=1 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201044918/https://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/all-the-indian-films-that-were-indias-official-entry-to-the-academy-awards-2360805.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 February 2009 |title=India's Oscar failures |language=en |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/oscars-2009/story/indias-oscar-failures-39783-2009-02-16 |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-date=29 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529072408/https://www.indiatoday.in/oscars-2009/story/indias-oscar-failures-39783-2009-02-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was screened at the International Film Festival of India, 1993, and the San Diego Film Festival, 1994. At the [[40th National Film Awards]], the film won three awards, including [[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] for Kapadia's performance, cited as a "compelling interpretation of the tribulations of a lonely woman ravaged by a cruel society". [[Samir Chanda]]'s production design won him the [[National Film Award for Best Production Design|Best Art Direction]] award for his "realistic recreation of the desert scape, with its requisite architectural structures, both opulent and humble", while [[Simple Kapadia]] and Mala Dey were named the [[National Film Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Designers]] for the "authentic designs they created to blend with the desert backdrop of Rajasthan. Kapadia won a [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress]] and was awarded Best Actress several honours at film festivals including the 38th [[Asia-Pacific Film Festival]] and the 8th [[Damascus International Film Festival]]. At the [[39th Filmfare Awards]], ''Rudaali'' was nominated for three awards. Among other awards, the film earned Lajmi accolades for direction at the V. Shantaram Awards and the All-India Critics Association (AICA) Awards. In the latter function, ''Rudaali'' was named the Best Hindi Film of the year.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!scope="col"| Year<br />
!scope="col"| Award<br />
!scope="col"| Category<br />
!scope="col"| Recipient(s) and nominee(s)<br />
!scope="col"| Result<br />
!scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="3" | 1993<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[40th National Film Awards]]<br />
| [[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br />
| [[Dimple Kapadia]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="NFA40">{{Cite web |date=1993 |title=40th National Film Awards |url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/77_40thNfacatalogue.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008114601/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm40thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=40NFA.pdf |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=24 December 2011 |website=dff.nic.in |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |pages=40–41}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[National Film Award for Best Production Design|Best Art Direction]]<br />
| [[Samir Chanda]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[National Film Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]<br />
| Mala Dey and [[Simple Kapadia]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
! 1993<br />
| [[38th Filmfare Awards]]<br />
| [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Best Actress (Critics)]]<br />
| [[Dimple Kapadia]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards Winners 1993: Complete list of winners of Filmfare Awards 1993 |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=The Times Group |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1993/101 |access-date=7 February 2022 |archive-date=5 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205215817/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1993/101 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="3" | 1994<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[39th Filmfare Awards]]<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br />
| [[Dimple Kapadia]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="Filmfare93">{{Cite news |title=The Nominations – 1993 |work=Filmfare |url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368610.cms |access-date=7 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070520043519/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368610.cms |archive-date=20 May 2007}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]<br />
| [[Bhupen Hazarika]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]<br />
| [[Gulzar]] for "Dil Hoom Hoom"<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
! 1994<br />
| 8th [[Damascus International Film Festival]]<br />
| Best Actress<br />
| [[Dimple Kapadia]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=27 November 1993 |title=Mourning Becomes Her |pages=78 |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |publisher=[[ABP Group]] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99459/page/n639/mode/2up |access-date=23 November 2020}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | 1994<br />
| rowspan="2" | 38th [[Asia-Pacific Film Festival]]<br />
| Best Actress<br />
| [[Dimple Kapadia]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | {{sfn|Kumar|2002|p=172|ps=: "Bhupen Hazarika adjudged the best music director and Dimple Kapadia the best actress for 'Rudali' (Hindi) at Asia-Pacific International Film Festival Fukoaka, Japan"}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Music Director<br />
| [[Bhupen Hazarika]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
! 1994<br />
| V. Shantaram Awards<br />
| Excellence in Direction<br />
| [[Kalpana Lajmi]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | {{sfn|Menon|2002|p=243}}<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="3" | 1994<br />
| rowspan="3" | All-India Critics Association (AICA) Awards<br />
| Best Hindi Film<br />
| ''Rudaali''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=9 October 1994 |title='Rudali', 'Padma..' bag film critics assn. award |language=en |work=[[The Indian Express]] |publisher=Express Group |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fI5lAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA21 |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=16 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216103558/https://books.google.com/books?id=fI5lAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Best Director<br />
| [[Kalpana Lajmi]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Music Director<br />
| [[Bhupen Hazarika]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of submissions to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film]]<br />
* [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film]]<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
{{Refbegin|30em}}<br />
*{{Cite book |last=Arunachalam |first=Param |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3vbyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA410 |title=BollySwar: 1991–2000 |date=17 August 2019 |publisher=Mavrix Infotech Private Limited |isbn=978-81-938482-1-0 |language=en |access-date=8 February 2022 |archive-date=8 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208100233/https://books.google.com/books?id=3vbyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA410 |url-status=live }}<br />
*{{Cite book |last=Bhushan |first=Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_n-naXpdhkC&pg=PA163 |title=Assam: Its Heritage and Culture |date=2005 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-352-4 |language=en }}<br />
*{{Cite book |last=Bose |first=Sudhir |title=Asian Film Journeys: Selections from Cinemaya |date=2 February 2011 |publisher=SCB Distributors |isbn=978-81-8328-208-6 |editor-last=Doraiswamy |editor-first=Rashmi |language=en |chapter=Contemporary Women Directors |editor-last2=Padgaonkar |editor-first2=Latika |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lZZ-mxaqP6IC&pg=PT296 |access-date=17 February 2022 |archive-date=17 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217104540/https://books.google.com/books?id=lZZ-mxaqP6IC&pg=PT296 |url-status=live }}<br />
*{{Cite book |last=Chakravarty |first=Sumita S. |title=Redirecting the Gaze: Gender, Theory, and Cinema in the Third World |date=1 January 1999 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-3993-7 |editor-last=Robin |editor-first=Diana Maury |language=en |chapter='Can the Subaltern Weep?' Mourning as Metaphor in Rudaali |editor-last2=Jaffe |editor-first2=Ira |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nSHKN0kpM3EC&pg=PA297 |access-date=8 February 2022 |archive-date=8 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208100231/https://books.google.com/books?id=nSHKN0kpM3EC&pg=PA297 |url-status=live }}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Chatterji |first=Shoma A. |title=The Concept of Motherhood in India: Myths, Theories and Realities |date=9 February 2020 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-4680-6 |editor-last=Mitra |editor-first=Zinia |language=en |chapter=Myth, Motherhood, and Mainstream Hindi Cinema |author-link=Shoma Chatterji |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rFfSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA37 |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=16 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216043036/https://books.google.com/books?id=rFfSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA37 |url-status=live }}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Gahlot |first=Deepa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u9_YjgEACAAJ |title=Sheroes: 25 Daring Women of Bollywood |date=2015 |publisher=Westland Limited |isbn=978-93-85152-74-0 |pages=69–73 |author-link=Deepa Gahlot |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025009/https://books.google.com/books?id=u9_YjgEACAAJ |archive-date=20 April 2021 |url-status=live }}<br />
*{{Cite book |last1=Gokulsing |first1=K. Moti |url=https://archive.org/details/indianpopularcin0000goku/page/90/mode/2up |title=Indian Popular Cinema: A Narrative of Cultural Change |last2=Dissanayake |first2=Wimal |date=2004 |publisher=Trentham |isbn=978-1-85856-329-9 |language=en }}<br />
* {{Cite book |last1=Gulzar |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema |title-link=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema |last2=Nihalani |first2=Govind |last3=Chatterjee |first3=Saibal |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica (India) |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7991-066-5 |author-link=Gulzar |author-link2=Govind Nihalani |author-link3=Saibal Chatterjee}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K. |url=https://archive.org/details/essentialguideto00jhas |title=The Essential Guide to Bollywood |last2=Bachchan |first2=Amitabh |date=2005 |publisher=Lustre Press |isbn=978-81-7436-378-7 |author-link=Subhash K. Jha |author-link2=Amitabh Bachchan }}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Priya |title=Great Transition In India: Critical Explorations |date=20 July 2020 |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=978-981-12-2235-1 |editor-last=Kim |editor-first=Chanwahn |language=en |chapter=India Transitions: Culture and Society during Contemporary Viral Times |editor-last2=Kumar |editor-first2=Rajiv |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hXr1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |access-date=13 February 2022 |archive-date=13 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213225706/https://books.google.com/books?id=hXr1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |url-status=live }}<br />
*{{Cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Priya |url=https://archive.org/details/interculturalcom0000unse/page/94/mode/2up |title=Intercultural Communication and Creative Practice: Music, Dance, and Women's Cultural Identity |date=2005 |publisher=Praeger |isbn=978-0-275-98240-9 |editor-last=Lengel |editor-first=Laura B. |language=en }}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Arvind |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__lkAAAAMAAJ |title=Trends in Modern Journalism |date=2002 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-277-5 |page=172 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615054439/http://books.google.com/books?id=__lkAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=15 June 2013 |url-status=live }}<br />
*{{Cite book |last=Menon |first=Ritu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6UK3AAAAIAAJ |title=Women who Dared |date=2002 |publisher=National Book Trust, India |isbn=978-81-237-3856-7 |language=en |access-date=17 February 2022 |archive-date=17 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217211642/https://books.google.com/books?id=6UK3AAAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}<br />
*{{Cite book |last=Perur |first=Srinath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S2dBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT57 |title=If It's Monday It Must Be Madurai: A Conducted Tour of India |date=15 February 2018 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-93-5118-570-3 |language=en |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-date=15 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215164707/https://books.google.com/books?id=S2dBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT57 |url-status=live }}<br />
* {{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |date=1999 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-94325-7 |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |author-link2=Paul Willemen }}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Sabharwal |first=Gopa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LKySGJAGVEQC&pg=PA250 |title=India Since 1947: The Independent Years |publisher=Penguin Books India |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-14-310274-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627183846/http://books.google.com/books?id=LKySGJAGVEQC&pg=PA250 |archive-date=27 June 2014 |url-status=live }}<br />
* {{Cite book |last1=Siegel |first1=Bernie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VteqDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |title=Recovering the Self: A Journal of Hope and Healing (Vol. VI, No. 1) – Grief & Loss |last2=Wing |first2=Diane |last3=Kenley |first3=Holli |last4=Levy |first4=Jay S. |date=2017 |publisher=Loving Healing Press |isbn=978-1-61599-340-6 |page=83 |author-link=Bernie S. Siegel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015110124/https://books.google.com/books?id=VteqDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |archive-date=15 October 2020 |url-status=live }}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Subramanian |first=Shreerekha |title=Myth and Violence in the Contemporary Female Text: New Cassandras |date=2011 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |isbn=978-1-4094-0001-1 |editor-last=Bahun-Radunović |editor-first=Sanja |language=en |chapter="Whom Did You Lose First, Yourself or Me?": The Feminine and the Mythic in Indian Cinema |editor-last2=Rajan |editor-first2=V. G. Julie |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VI-NyFuPiEkC&pg=PA75 |access-date=18 February 2022 |archive-date=18 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218072146/https://books.google.com/books?id=VI-NyFuPiEkC&pg=PA75 |url-status=live }}<br />
{{Refend}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{IMDb title}}<br />
<br />
{{Indian submission for Academy Awards}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1993 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1993 drama films]]<br />
[[Category:1993 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Death customs]]<br />
[[Category:Films about poverty in India]]<br />
[[Category:Films about women in India]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on Indian short stories]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on works by Mahasweta Devi]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Kalpana Lajmi]]<br />
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Actress National Award–winning performance]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Rajasthan]]<br />
[[Category:Films that won the Best Costume Design National Film Award]]<br />
[[Category:Films whose production designer won the Best Production Design National Film Award]]<br />
[[Category:Films about landlords]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wasim_Ahmad&diff=545567Wasim Ahmad2026-02-21T20:28:37Z<p>Pruthviraj: starting a post w/ refs</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{similar names|Waseem Ahmed (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
'''Wasim Ahmad''' was an [[Independent politician]] and [[Civil engineer]] from [[India]] who was the [[Members of Rajya Sabha|Member of Rajya Sabha]] from 30 November 1996 to 4 July 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Former Members of Rajya Sabha |url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/Members/TermsWiseFormerMember?term=1 |website=Rajya Sabha}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VtpFJucR0foC&q=Ahmed+Wasim+rajya+sabha |title=Rajya Sabha Members: Biographical Sketches, 1952-2003 |date=2003 |publisher=Rajya Sabha, Government of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
He was born on 1 March 1952 in [[Etah district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. In 1979, he became secretary of [[Aligarh Muslim University Students' Union|AMU Students’ Union]]. In April 2021, he died after a cardiac arrest.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= 28 April 2021|title=Congress leader, former MP Wasim Ahmad passes away |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/obituary/congress-leader-former-mp-wasim-ahmad-passes-away |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=National Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= 27 April 2021|title=Former MP Wasim Ahmad passes away in Aligarh. |url=https://muslimmirror.com/eng/former-mp-wasim-ahmad-passes-away-in-aligarh/ |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=Muslim Mirror |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
[[Category:1952 births]]<br />
[[Category:2021 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]<br />
[[Category:People from Etah district]]<br />
<br />
{{UttarPradesh-politician-stub}}</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tara:_A_Play_in_Two_Acts&diff=539666Tara: A Play in Two Acts2026-02-15T08:27:55Z<p>Pruthviraj: starting some details initial version</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|1995 short story by Mahesh Dattani}}{{Infobox book<br />
| author = [[Mahesh Dattani]]<br />
| isbn = 978-8-175-30003-3<br />
| pub_date = 1995<br />
| name = Tara: A Play in Two Acts<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = English<br />
| genre = Gender Discrimination<br />
| publisher = [[Orient Blackswan]]<br />
| pages = 61<br />
| title_orig = Tara<br />
| publisher2 = Ravi Dayal Publishers<br />
| image = File:Tara,_A_Play_in_Two_Acts.jpeg<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Tara: A Play in Two Acts''' is an [[English language|English]] play written by [[Mahesh Dattani]]. It is the story of Tara, a girl who faced discrimination due to her gender.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratnaker |first=Dr Om Prakash |date=2022 |title=Gender Discrimination in Mahesh Dattani's Tara: A Critical Analysis |url=https://www.redalyc.org/journal/7038/703873565004/html/ |journal=The Creative Launcher |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=31–41 |doi=10.53032/tcl.2022.7.2.04 |doi-access=free}}</ref> It was written in 1990 and published in 1995 by [[Orient Blackswan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mahesh Dattani: Tara – Comparative Indian Drama |url=https://ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in/engp09/chapter/mahesh-dattani-tara/ |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ramanujam |first=Nivethaa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7o2SDQAAQBAJ&q=tara+mahesh+dattani |title=Gender Discrimination and Parental Authority in Mahesh Dattani's Play "Tara" |date=2016-11-21 |publisher=GRIN Verlag |isbn=978-3-668-34546-1 |language=en}}</ref> It focuses on gender discrimination, sexual marginalisation, familial discord, and communalism.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Characters ==<br />
<br />
* Tara, twin of Chandan<br />
* Chandan (Dan), twin of Tara<br />
* Roopa, new friend to Tara and Chandan<br />
* Dr. Thakkar - Doctor who performed the operation<br />
* Mrs Bharti - Tara's mother<br />
* Mr Patel - Tara's father<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
The play opens with Chandan, who is now known as Dan, frantically drafting "Twinke Tara: a Play in Two Acts," a play about his sister Tara, who has long since died, at his London bedsitter. He talks about his memories, his obsessive desire to write them down to honor his twin sister, and how he struggles to come up with writing material.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Personal is the Political in Tara a play by Mahesh Dattan - Advance |url=https://advance.sagepub.com/users/720601/articles/705399-the-personal-is-the-political-in-tara-a-play-by-mahesh-dattan |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=advance.sagepub.com |last1=Barthwal |first1=Akanksha }}</ref> As he talks, a flashback of young Tara and Chandan entering the Patel home appears. They talk about how they were meant to be together from infancy and were compelled to part ways. Their mother, Bharati, arrives and asks Tara and Chandan to unpack since they have moved from Bangalore to Mumbai in order to receive medical attention. Because she is concerned for Tara's health, she expresses a clear preference for her. When she suggests that Patel dislikes everything to do with their Bangalore home and their maternal grandpa and is fonder of Chandan than Tara, he gives up trying to reason with her. While Bharati manipulates Tara into following her orders, Patel tries to bring Chandan to work with him, but Chandan won't go unless Tara does. With a hidden agenda, their fifteen-year-old neighbor Roopa visits them in order to tell her friends about Tara, whom she views as abnormal.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Arora |first=Harcharan Singh |date=2018-04-30 |title=Gendered Social Fabric and Identity Crisis in Mahesh Dattani's Tara |url=https://www.neliti.com/publications/566536/ |journal=The Creative Launcher |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=16–21 |issn=2455-6580}}</ref> She interrupts the twins as they are playing cards and arguing. While the kids play in the alleyway, Patel can be seen conversing with an unseen neighbor and expressing concern for his wife's wellbeing. Tara asserts that because her mother has given her strength, she is capable of facing life head-on.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Google books|1=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-tKaqHxCd4AC&printsec=frontcover&dq=tara+mahesh+dattani&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjTza2dyPSGAxWs9zgGHRprAqYQ6AF6BAgFEAI}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1995 books]]<br />
[[Category:Indian short stories]]<br />
[[Category:Short stories about sexuality]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa&diff=470568Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa2026-02-04T13:54:23Z<p>Pruthviraj: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian reality television show}}<br />
{{for|the [[Himesh Reshammiya]] song|Jhalak Dikhlaja}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image = Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Logo New.webp<br />
| caption = <br />
| alt_name = Dancing With The Stars<br />
| native_name = <br />
| genre = Dance<br>Entertainment<br>[[Reality show]]<br />
| based_on = ''[[Strictly Come Dancing]]''<br />
| writer = Hemant Kher<br/>Manoj Muntashir<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| num_seasons = 11<br />
| num_episodes = 303<!-- As of 2 March, 2024--><br />
| starring = <br />
| judges = [[#Judges|See Below]]<br />
| narrator = Vijay Vikram Singh<br />
| director = Tania Bath<br/>Huzefa Qaiser<br />
| creative_director = Priya Vagal<br/>Ankit Arora<br />
| presenter = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Parmeet Sethi]]<br />
* [[Archana Puran Singh]]<br />
* [[Rohit Roy]] <br />
* [[Shiv Panditt]]<br />
* [[Mona Singh]]<br />
* [[Shweta Tiwari]]<br />
* [[Sumeet Raghavan]] <br />
* [[Ragini Khanna]]<br />
* [[Kapil Sharma]]<br />
* [[Drashti Dhami]] <br />
* [[Ranvir Shorey]]<br />
* [[Manish Paul]] <br />
* [[Arjun Bijlani]]<br />
* [[Rithvik Dhanjani]]<br />
* [[Gauahar Khan]]<br />
}}<br />
| executive_producer = Sneha Menon<br />
| producer = Deepali Handa<br/>Sameer Gogate<br />
| cinematography = Surindra Rao<br/>Nitesh Choudhary<br />
| camera = Multi-camera<br />
| runtime = 90–120 minutes<br />
| company = [[BBC Studios|BBC Studios India]]<br />
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]<br />
| first_aired = {{Start date|2006|09|07|df=y}}<br />
| last_aired = {{End date|2011|03|06|df=y}}<br />
| network2 = [[Colors TV]]<br />
| first_aired2 = {{Start date|2012|06|16|df=y}}<br />
| last_aired2 = {{End date|2022|11|27|df=y}}<br />
| network3 = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]<br />
| first_aired3 = {{Start date|2023|11|11|df=y}}<br />
| last_aired3 = present<br />
}}<br />
'''''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[reality television]] show and the [[India]]n version of the British [[reality TV]] competition ''[[Strictly Come Dancing]]'' and is part of the ''[[Dancing with the Stars]]'' franchise. The first four seasons of ''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa'' were aired on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]]. Season fifth to tenth were aired [[Colors TV]] then again from season 11, the broadcasting network was changed back to Sony Entertainment Television.<br />
<br />
==Format==<br />
The show pairs celebrities with professional dancers. Each couple performs predetermined dances and competes against the others for judges' points and audience votes. The couple receiving the lowest combined total of judges' points and audience votes is eliminated each week until only the champion dance pair remains.<br />
<br />
The show's format is taken from the ''[[Strictly Come Dancing]]'' show on [[BBC One]] in the United Kingdom.<ref name="WorldOfTVBallroomShows">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7586494.stm|title=The World of TV Ballroom Shows|publisher=BBC News |date=19 September 2008|access-date=20 January 2010|first=Michael|last=Osborn}}</ref> The show is also pre-recorded, unlike ''Strictly Come Dancing'' and other spin-offs.<ref name="WorldOfTVBallroomShows" /> Of the spin offs, the ''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa'' is the only one that uses recorded tracks rather than live music with an in-house band.<ref name="WorldOfTVBallroomShows" /> The title derives from "''[[Jhalak Dikhlaja]]''" (Let Me Have a Glimpse of You), a song from the film ''[[Aksar]]'' (2006), composed and sung by [[Himesh Reshammiya]].<br />
<br />
Although the show features mixed-sex couples, but the [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 10|tenth season]] saw, for the first time, the participation of same-sex couple [[Dutee Chand]] and Raveena Choudhary<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2022-09-08 |title=Olympian Dutee Chand joins Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 as a wild card |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/olympian-dutee-chand-joins-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-as-a-wild-card-8139176/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> (considering that [[Gaurav Gera]] in [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 9|ninth season]] performed as fictional character-''Chutki'').<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=8 September 2022 |title=Celebrated sprinter Dutee Chand joins Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 - Times of India |language=en |website=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/celebrated-sprinter-dutee-chand-joins-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10/articleshow/94075003.cms |access-date=2022-09-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Gaurav Gera watches Kiku Sharda's videos to get his moves right on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/gaurav-gera-watches-kiku-shardas-videos-to-get-his-moves-right-on-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/articleshow/53364964.cms |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=The Times of India |date=24 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Elimination===<br />
The show airs its elimination on a Sunday in every season. The elimination procedure varied for number of seasons. The show adopted the following elimination methods:<br />
<br />
*Judges' Pick from the bottom-two/three/four.<br />
*Direct elimination based on combined judges' scores and public votes.<br />
*Dance-off of bottom-two and judges' scoring.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
<br />
===Hosts===<br />
'''Color key'''{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br />
{{legend|#ffc6c6|Host}}<br />
{{legend|#ccff88|Co-host}}<br />
{{legend|lightblue|Contestant}}<br />
{{legend|#d293ff|Professional dancer}}<br />
}}<br />
{| class="wikitable unsortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"<br />
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Cast member<br />
! colspan="11" style="text-align:center" scope="col" | Season<br />
|-<br />
! width="15" | [[#Season 1|1]]<br/><small>2006</small><br />
! width="15" | [[#Season 2|2]]<br/><small>2007</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 3|3]]<br/><small>2009</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 4|4]]<br/><small>2010</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 5|5]]<br/><small>2012</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 6|6]]<br/><small>2013</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 7|7]]<br/><small>2014</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 8|8]]<br/><small>2015</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 9|9]]<br/><small>2016</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 10|10]]<br/><small>2022</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 11|11]]<br/><small>2023</small><br />
! waduh="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 12|12]]<br/><small>2025</small><br />
|-<br />
| {{Nowrap|'''[[Archana Puran Singh]]'''}}<br />
| style="background:#ccff88" |●<br />
| colspan="10" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Parmeet Sethi]]'''<br />
| style="background:#ffc6c6" |●<br />
| colspan="10" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Rohit Roy]]{{efn|name=overview1}}'''<br />
| style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#ffc6c6" |●<br />
| style="background:#ffc6c6" |●<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:lightblue" |●<br />
| colspan="5" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Shiv Panditt]]'''<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#ffc6c6" |●<br />
| colspan="8" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Shweta Tiwari]]'''<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#ccff88" |●<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:lightblue" |●<br />
| colspan="5" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Gauahar Khan]]'''<br />
| colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey" |<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |●<br />
| colspan="7" bgcolor="lightgrey" |<br />
| bgcolor="#ffc6c6" |●<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Mona Singh]]'''<br />
| style="background:lightblue" |●<br />
| style="background:#ccff88" |●<br />
| style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#ffc6c6" |●<br />
| colspan="7" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Sumeet Raghavan]]'''<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#ccff88" |●<br />
| colspan="7" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Ragini Khanna]]'''<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:lightblue" |●<br />
| style="background:#ffc6c6" |●<br />
| colspan="6" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Manish Paul]]'''{{efn|name=overview2}}{{efn|name=overview3}}<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#ffc6c6" |●<br />
| style="background:#ffc6c6" |●<br />
| style="background:#ffc6c6" |●<br />
| style="background:#ffc6c6" |●<br />
| style="background:#ffc6c6" |●<br />
| style="background:#ffc6c6" |●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Rithvik Dhanjani]]'''<br />
| colspan="4" bgcolor="lightgrey" |<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |●<br />
| colspan="5" bgcolor="lightgrey" |<br />
| bgcolor="#ffc6c6" |●<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Kapil Sharma]]'''<br />
| colspan="5" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#ccff88" |●<br />
| colspan="5" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Drashti Dhami]]'''<br />
| colspan="5" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:lightblue" |●<br />
| style="background:#ffc6c6" |●<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Ranvir Shorey]]'''<br />
| colspan="6" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#ffc6c6" |●<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|}<br />
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha|refs=<br />
{{efn|name=overview1|Roy replaced [[Shiv Panditt]] in the [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 3|third season]].}}<br />
{{efn|name=overview2|Paul replaced [[Drashti Dhami]] in the [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 7|seventh season]].}}<br />
{{efn|name=overview3|[[Arjun Bijlani]] was a guest host in the tenth week of the [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 10|tenth season]] as Paul was unwell.}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Judges ===<br />
;Color key<br />
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br />
{{legend|#FFFF66|Judge}}<br />
{{legend|#FF3399|Guest judge}}<br />
{{legend|lightblue|Contestant}}<br />
{{legend|#d293ff|Professional dancer}}<br />
}}<br />
{| class="wikitable unsortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Cast member<br />
! colspan="11" |Season<br />
|-<br />
! width="15" | [[#Season 1|1]]<br/><small>2006</small><br />
! width="15" | [[#Season 2|2]]<br/><small>2007</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 3|3]]<br/><small>2009</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 4|4]]<br/><small>2010</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 5|5]]<br/><small>2012</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 6|6]]<br/><small>2013</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 7|7]]<br/><small>2014</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 8|8]]<br/><small>2015</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 9|9]]<br/><small>2016</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 10|10]]<br/><small>2022</small><br />
! width="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 11|11]]<br/><small>2023</small><br />
! waduh="15" | [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 12|12]]<br/> <small>2025</small><br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Shilpa Shetty]]'''<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| colspan="10" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| {{Nowrap|'''[[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]'''}}<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| colspan="10" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Farah Khan]]'''{{efn|name=overview1}}<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| colspan="7" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FF3399" |●<br />
| colspan="1" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Urmila Matondkar]]'''<br />
| style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| colspan="9" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Jeetendra]]'''<br />
| style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| colspan="9" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Shiamak Davar]]'''<br />
| style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| colspan="9" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Juhi Chawla]]'''<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| colspan="8" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Saroj Khan]]'''<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| colspan="8" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Vaibhavi Merchant]]'''<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| colspan="8" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Prabhu Deva]]'''<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FF3399" |●<br />
| colspan="8" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Remo D'Souza]]'''<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Madhuri Dixit]]'''<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Malaika Arora]]'''{{efn|name=overview2}}<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Lauren Gottlieb]]'''<br />
| colspan="5" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:lightblue" |●<br />
| style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Ganesh Hegde]]'''<br />
| colspan="7" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Maksim Chmerkovskiy]]'''<br />
| colspan="6" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FF3399" |●<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Nora Fatehi]]'''<br />
| colspan="8" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:lightblue" |●<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Karan Johar]]'''<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
| style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
|[[Terence Lewis (choreographer)|'''Terrence Lewis''']]<br />
| colspan="9" |<br />
| style="background: #FF3399" |●<br />
|style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[Arshad Warsi]]'''<br />
| colspan="10" style="background:lightgrey" |<br />
| style="background:#FFFF66" |●<br />
|}<br />
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha|refs=<br />
{{efn|name=overview1|Khan joined as guest judge replacing Hegde in the ninth season as a remaining judge.}}<br />
{{efn|name=overview2|Arora joined as guest judge Johar in the eighth season as a remaining judge}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Professional dancers ===<br />
{| class="wikitable unsortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Professional dancer<br />
! colspan="11" |Season<br />
|-<br />
! width="15" |[[#Season 1|1]]<br />
<small>2006</small><br />
! width="15" |[[#Season 2|2]]<br />
<small>2007</small><br />
! width="15" |[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 3|3]]<br />
<small>2009</small><br />
! width="15" |[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 4|4]]<br />
<small>2010</small><br />
! width="15" |[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 5|5]]<br />
<small>2012</small><br />
! width="15" |[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 6|6]]<br />
<small>2013</small><br />
! width="15" |[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 7|7]]<br />
<small>2014</small><br />
! width="15" |[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 8|8]]<br />
<small>2015</small><br />
! width="15" |[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 9|9]]<br />
<small>2016</small><br />
! width="15" |[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 10|10]]<br />
<small>2022</small><br />
! width="15" |[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 11|11]]<br />
<small>2023</small><br />
|-<br />
!Toby Fernandez<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="8" |<br />
|-<br />
!Nicole Alvares<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="8" |<br />
|-<br />
!Sonia Jaffer<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="5" |<br />
|-<br />
!Feroz Khan<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="9" |<br />
|-<br />
!Hanif Hillal<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="8" |<br />
|-<br />
![[Longinus Fernandes]]<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="10" |<br />
|-<br />
!Bindi Khare<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="10" |<br />
|-<br />
!Rhea Krishnatraye<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="10" |<br />
|-<br />
!Bindi Khare<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="9" |<br />
|-<br />
!Tanushree Rakshit<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="9" |<br />
|-<br />
!Uma Shankar<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="9" |<br />
|-<br />
!Hemu Sinha<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="9" |<br />
|-<br />
!Javed Sanadi<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="8" |<br />
|-<br />
!Rozita Rajput<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="8" |<br />
|-<br />
!Tina Sachdeva<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="8" |<br />
|-<br />
!Himanshu Gadani<br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="8" |<br />
|-<br />
!Lilian<br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="8" |<br />
|-<br />
!Nishant Bhatt<br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="6" |<br />
|-<br />
![[Salman Yusuff Khan]]<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="5" |<br />
|-<br />
!Deepak Singh<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
!Marischa Fernandes<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Savio<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Shampa Gopikrishna<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Neerav Bavlecha]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Priti<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Vrushali<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Robin<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Sneha Kapoor]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Jai Kumar Nair<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Punit Pathak]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Mohena Singh]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Avneet Kaur]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Kunjan<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Alisha Singh]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Diwakar Nayal<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Sanam Johar<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Suchitra Sawant<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Ankita<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Sumanth<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Shashank<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Tushar Kalia]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Sharmishtha<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Cornel Rodrigues<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Sushant Singh Rajput]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Amrita<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Bhavna Khanduja<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Elena<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Vaishnavi Patil<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|-<br />
!Jack<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Kruti<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Rajit Dev<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Bhavini<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Rishikayash<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Dhiraj<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Falon<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Aryan Patra<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Aishwarya Radhakrishnan<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Preetjot Singh<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Hardik Rupanali<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Sachin Sharma<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Bhavna Purohit<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Pranalini Atul<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Priyanka Shah<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Raveena Choudhary<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Nischhal Sharma<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Shyam Yadav<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Shweta Sharda]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Pratik Utekar<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Tejas Verma<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Vaibhav Ghughe<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|-<br />
!Lipsa Acharya<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|-<br />
!Sneha Singh<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|-<br />
!Tarun Raj Nilhani<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|-<br />
!Akash Thapa<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|-<br />
!Anuradha Iyengar<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|-<br />
!Vivek Chachere<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|-<br />
!Romsha Singh<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
| bgcolor="lightgreen" | ●<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Series overview ==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Season<br />
! rowspan="2" |Contestants<br />
! rowspan="2" |Episodes<br />
! colspan="2" |Originally Aired<br />
! rowspan="2" |Network<br />
! rowspan="2" |Winners<br />
! rowspan="2" |Runners-up<br />
! rowspan="2" |Third place<br />
|-<br />
!First aired<br />
!Last aired<br />
|-<br />
| [[#Season 1|'''1''']]<br />
|8<br />
|20<br />
| 7 September 2006<br />
| 4 November 2006<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Sony Entertainment Television|SET]]<br />
| [[Mona Singh]] & Toby Fernandez<br />
| [[Shweta Salve]] & [[Longinus Fernandes|Longines Fernandes]]<br />
|[[Mahesh Manjrekar]] & Sonia Jaffer<br />
|-<br />
| [[#Season 2|'''2''']]<br />
|12<br />
|24<br />
| 28 September 2007<br />
| 15 December 2007<br />
| [[Prachi Desai]] & Deepak Singh<br />
| [[Sandhya Mridul]] & Javed Sanadi<br />
|[[Jay Bhanushali]] & Bindi Khare<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 3|'''3''']]<br />
|12<br />
|29<br />
| 27 February 2009<br />
| 31 May 2009<br />
| [[Baichung Bhutia]] & Sonia Jaffer<br />
| [[Gauahar Khan]] & Hanif Hilal<br />
|[[Karan Singh Grover]] & Nicole<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 4|'''4''']]<br />
|12<br />
|25<br />
| 12 December 2010<br />
| 6 March 2011<br />
| [[Meiyang Chang]] & Marischa Fernandez<br />
| [[Sushant Singh Rajput]] & Shampa Gopikrishna<br />
|[[Yana Gupta]] & [[Salman Yusuff Khan|Salman]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 5|'''5''']]<br />
|16<br />
|32<br />
| 16 June 2012<br />
| 30 September 2012<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Colors TV]]<br />
| [[Gurmeet Choudhary]] & Shampa Gopikrishna<br />
| [[Rashami Desai]] & Deepak Singh [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|19x19px]]<br />
|[[Rithvik Dhanjani]] & [[Sneha Kapoor]] [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|19x19px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 6|'''6''']]<br />
|15<br />
|31<br />
| 1 June 2013<br />
| 14 September 2013<br />
| [[Drashti Dhami]] & [[Salman Yusuff Khan]]<br />
| [[Lauren Gottlieb]] & [[Punit Pathak]]<br />
|[[Sonali Majumdar]] & [[Sumanth Maroju]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 7|'''7''']]<br />
|16<br />
|31<br />
| 7 June 2014<br />
| 20 September 2014<br />
| [[Ashish Sharma]] & Shampa Gopikrishna<br />
| [[Karan Tacker]] & Bhawna Khanduja<br />
|[[Shakti Mohan]] & [[Tushar Kalia]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 8|'''8''']]<br />
|16<br />
|27<br />
| 11 July 2015<br />
| 10 October 2015<br />
| [[Faisal Khan (actor born 1998)|Faisal Khan]] & Vaishnavi<br />
| [[Sanaya Irani]] & Jai Kumar Nair<br />
|[[Shamita Shetty]] & Deepak<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 9|'''9''']]<br />
|18<br />
|26<br />
| 30 July 2016<br />
| 21 January 2017<br />
| [[Teriya Magar]] & Aryan Patra [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|19x19px]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 9 finale: Teriya Magar emerges as the winner|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-9-finale-teriya-magar-emerges-as-the-winner/articleshow/56709722.cms|work=Times of India|date=22 January 2017 |access-date=29 January 2017|ref=5}}</ref><br />
| [[Salman Yusuff Khan]] & Aishwarya Radhakrishnan<br />
|[[Shantanu Maheshwari]] & [[Alisha Singh]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 10|'''10''']]<br />
|16<br />
|26<br />
| 3 September 2022<br />
| 27 November 2022<br />
| Gunjan Sinha & Tejas Verma<br />
| [[Rubina Dilaik]] & Sanam Johar <br />
| Faisal Shaikh & Vaishnavi Patil<br />
|-<br />
|[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 11|'''11''']]<br />
|17<br />
|32<br />
|11 November 2023<br />
|2 March 2024<br />
|[[Sony Entertainment Television|SET]]<br />
|[[Manisha Rani]] & Ashutosh Pawar [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|19x19px]] <br />
| colspan="2" | [[Shoaib Ibrahim]] & Anuradha Iyengar<br/>Adrija Sinha & Akash Thapa<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Series 1 (2006)===<br />
{{Infobox television season<br />
| season_number = 1<br />
| image =<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| bgcolour = #B00000<br />
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season<br />
| host = [[Parmeet Sethi]]<br />[[Archana Puran Singh]]<br />
| judges = [[Farah Khan]]<br/>[[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]<br/>[[Shilpa Shetty]]<br />
| num_contestants = 8<br />
| celebrity_winner = [[Mona Singh]]<br />
| professional_winner = Toby Fernandez<br />
}}<br />
| num_episodes = 20<br />
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony India]]<br />
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2006|09|07}}<br />
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2006|11|04}}<br />
| episode_list = <br />
| next_series = [[#Season 2|Season 2]] <br />
}}<br />
The first season of the dance reality show, ''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa'' premiered on 7 September 2006 until 4 November 2006.<br />
The season was judged by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], [[Shilpa Shetty]] and [[Farah Khan]]. The season was hosted by [[Parmeet Sethi]] and [[Archana Puran Singh]]. The winner was [[Mona Singh]]. The contestants were:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Celebrity<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notability<br />
! scope="col" | Professional partner<br />
! scope="col" | Result<br />
|-<br />
![[Pooja Bedi]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Hanif Hillal<br />
|bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 1st<br />
|-<br />
![[Rati Agnihotri]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Feroz Khan<br />
|bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 2nd<br />
|-<br />
![[Sanjeev Kapoor]]<br />
|Indian chef<br />
|Nicole Alvares<br />
|bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 3rd<br />
|-<br />
![[Akashdeep Saigal]]<br />
|Actor & Model<br />
|Bindi Khare<br />
|bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 4th<br />
|-<br />
![[Ajay Jadeja]]<br />
|Cricketer<br />
|Rhea Krishnatraye<br />
|bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 5th<br />
|-<br />
![[Mahesh Manjrekar]]<br />
|Actor & Bollywood producer<br />
|Sonia Jaffer<br />
|bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 6th<br />
|-<br />
![[Shweta Salve]]<br />
|Television actress<br />
|[[Longinus Fernandes|Longines Fernandes]]<br />
|bgcolor="silver" |Runners-up<br />
|-<br />
![[Mona Singh]]<br />
|Television actress<br />
|Toby Fernandez<br />
|bgcolor="gold" |'''Winners'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Series 2 (2007)===<br />
{{Infobox television season<br />
| season_number = 2<br />
| image = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| bgcolour = #0048BA<br />
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season<br />
| presenter = [[Rohit Roy]]<br />[[Mona Singh]]<br />
| num_contestants = 12<br />
| celebrity_winner = [[Prachi Desai]]<br />
| professional_winner = Deepak Singh<br />
}}<br />
| num_episodes = 24<br />
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]<br />
| first_aired = * {{Start date|df=yes|2007|09|07}} (Launch Show)<br />
* {{start date|df=yes|2007|09|28}}<br />
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2007|12|15}}<br />
| episode_list = <br />
| prev_series = [[#Season 1|Season 1]]<br />
| next_series = [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 3|Season 3]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 2''' is the second season of the dance reality show, ''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa''. It premiered on 28 September 2007 until 15 December 2007.<br />
<br />
[[Shiamak Davar]], [[Urmila Matondkar]] and [[Jeetendra]] were the judges. [[Bipasha Basu]] appeared as a guest judge. [[Rohit Roy]] and [[Mona Singh]] were the hosts. [[Prachi Desai]] and Deepak were the winners. The contestants were:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Celebrity<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notability<br />
! scope="col" | Professional partner<br />
! scope="col" | Result<br />
|-<br />
![[Aadesh Shrivastava|Aadesh Srivastava]]<br />
|Music Composer<br />
|Tina Sachdeva<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 1st<br />
|-<br />
!Tapur Chatterjee<br />
|Model<br />
|Feroz Khan<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 2nd<br />
|-<br />
![[Mini Mathur]]<br />
|Presenter<br />
|Hemu Sinha<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 3rd<br />
|-<br />
![[Cyrus Broacha]]<br />
|Presenter<br />
|Rozita Rajput<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 4th<br />
|-<br />
![[Sudha Chandran]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Uma Shankar<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 5th<br />
|-<br />
![[Mika Singh]]<br />
|Singer<br />
|Tanushree Rakshit<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 7th<br />
|-<br />
![[Ronit Roy]]<br />
|Actor<br />
|Nicole Alvares<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 8th<br />
|-<br />
![[Sonali Kulkarni]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Toby Fernandez<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 9th<br />
|-<br />
![[Mir Ranjan Negi]]<br />
|Hockey Player<br />
|Marischa Fernandes<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 10th<br />
|-<br />
![[Jay Bhanushali]]<br />
|Actor<br />
|Bindi Khare<br />
| bgcolor="tan" | Third place<br />
|-<br />
![[Sandhya Mridul]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Javed Sanadi<br />
| bgcolor="silver" |Runners-up<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |[[Prachi Desai]] [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|17x17px]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Actress<br />
| rowspan="2" |Deepak Singh<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 6th<br />
|-<br />
| bgcolor="gold" |'''Winners'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Series 3 (2009)===<br />
{{Main|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 3}}<br />
<br />
The season began on 27 February 2009.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! scope="col" |Celebrity<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Notability<br />
! scope="col" |Professional partner<br />
! scope="col" |Result<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |[[Bhagyashree|Bhagyashree Dassani]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Toby Fernandez<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 1st<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |[[Ugesh Sarcar]]<br />
|Magician<br />
|Tina Sachdeva<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 2nd<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |[[Anand Raaj Anand]]<br />
|Music composer & Singer<br />
|Rozita Rajput<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 3rd<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |[[Mohinder Amarnath]]<br />
|Cricketer<br />
|Lillian Mendes<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 4th<br />
|-<br />
![[Ram Kapoor]]<br />
|Actor<br />
|Marischa Fernandes<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 5th<br />
|-<br />
![[Monica Bedi]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Javed Sanadi<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 7th<br />
|-<br />
![[Shilpa Shukla]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Nishant Bhat<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 8th<br />
|-<br />
![[Parul Chauhan]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Deepak Singh<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 9th<br />
|-<br />
![[Hard Kaur]]<br />
|Rapper<br />
|Savio Barnes<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 10th<br />
|-<br />
![[Karan Singh Grover]]<br />
|Actor<br />
|Nicole Alvares<br />
| style="background:tan;" |Third place<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |[[Gauahar Khan]] [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|17x17px]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Model<br />
| rowspan="2" |Himanshu Gadani<br />
{{small|(''earlier Hanif Hilal)''}}<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 6th<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:silver;" |Runners-up<br />
|-<br />
![[Bhaichung Bhutia]]<br />
|Footballer<br />
|Sonia Jaffer<br />
| style="background:gold;" |'''Winners'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Series 4 (2010)===<br />
{{Main|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 4}}<br />
<br />
The fourth season began on 12 December 2010.<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Celebrity<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notability<br />
! scope="col" | Professional partner<br />
! scope="col" | Result<br />
|-<br />
![[Anushka Manchanda]]<br />
|Singer<br />
|[[Punit Pathak]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 1st<br />
|-<br />
![[Renuka Shahane]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Jai Kumar Nair<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 2nd<br />
|-<br />
![[Akhil Kumar]]<br />
|Boxer<br />
|[[Sneha Kapoor]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 3rd<br />
|-<br />
![[Krushna Abhishek]]<br />
|Comedian<br />
|[[Robin Merchant]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 4th<br />
|-<br />
![[Dayanand Shetty]]<br />
|''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]'' actor<br />
|Vrushali Chawan<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 5th<br />
|-<br />
![[Shekhar Suman]]<br />
|Actor<br />
|Priti Gupta<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 7th<br />
|-<br />
![[Ragini Khanna]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|[[Neerav Bavlecha]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 8th<br />
|-<br />
![[Ankita Lokhande]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Nishant Bhat<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 9th<br />
|-<br />
![[Mahhi Vij]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Savio Barnes<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 10th<br />
|-<br />
![[Yana Gupta]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|[[Salman Yusuff Khan]]<br />
| bgcolor="tan" | Third place<br />
|-<br />
![[Sushant Singh Rajput]]<br />
|Actor<br />
|Shampa Gopikrishna<br />
| bgcolor="silver" |Runners-up<br />
|-<br />
![[Meiyang Chang]]<br />
|Dentist<br />
|Marischa Fernandes<br />
|bgcolor="gold" |'''Winners'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Series 5 (2012)===<br />
{{Main|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 5}}<br />
<br />
The season began in June 2012. The season saw a change in its presenters and judges. [[Manish Paul]] and season 4 contestant [[Ragini Khanna]] was confirmed to host the series. [[Madhuri Dixit]] and [[Remo D'Souza]] was retained as two of the judges whilst [[Karan Johar]] joined the panel replaced [[Malaika Arora]].<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Celebrity<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notability<br />
! scope="col" | Professional partner<br />
! scope="col" | Result<br />
|-<br />
![[Talat Aziz]]<br />
|Singer<br />
|Ankita Maithy<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 1st<br />
|-<br />
![[Sanath Jayasuriya]]<br />
|Cricketer<br />
|Suchitra Sawant<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 2nd<br />
|-<br />
!Archana Vijaya<br />
|Actress<br />
|Sanam Johar<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 3rd<br />
|-<br />
![[Pratyusha Banerjee]]<br />
|''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' actress<br />
|Deepak Singh<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 4th<br />
|-<br />
![[Jayati Bhatia]]<br />
|''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]'' actress<br />
|Diwakar Nayal<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 5th<br />
|-<br />
!Sushil Kumar<br />
|''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati|KBC]]'' star<br />
|[[Alisha Singh]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 7th<br />
|-<br />
![[Ravi Kishan]]<br />
|Actor and ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' star<br />
|Kunjan Jani<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 8th<br />
|-<br />
![[Giaa Manek]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Nishant Bhat<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 9th<br />
|-<br />
![[Shibani Dandekar]]<br />
|Singer<br />
|[[Punit Pathak]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 10th<br />
|-<br />
![[Darsheel Safary]]<br />
|Actor<br />
|[[Avneet Kaur]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 11th<br />
|-<br />
![[Karan Wahi]]<br />
|Actor and model<br />
|[[Mohena Singh]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 12th<br />
|-<br />
![[Bharti Singh]]<br />
|Comedian<br />
|Savio Barnes<br />
| bgcolor=lightgreen |Withdrew<br />
|-<br />
![[Isha Sharvani]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|[[Salman Yusuff Khan]]<br />
| style="background:lightgreen;" |Withdrew<br />
|-<br />
![[Rithvik Dhanjani]]<br />
|Actor and dancer<br />
|[[Sneha Kapoor]]<br />
| bgcolor="tan" | Third place<br />
|-<br />
![[Rashami Desai]]<br />
|''[[Uttaran]]'' actress<br />
|Shampa Gopikrishna<br />
| bgcolor="silver" |Runners-up<br />
|-<br />
![[Gurmeet Choudhary]]<br />
|Actor<br />
|Shampa Gopikrishna<br />
|bgcolor="gold" |'''Winners'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Series 6 (2013)===<br />
{{Main|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 6}}<br />
<br />
The sixth season began in June 2013. Paul retained his position as the presenter whilst [[Kapil Sharma]] replaced [[Ragini Khanna]]. Dixit, D’Souza and Johar was also returned to the judging panel.<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Celebrity<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notability<br />
! scope="col" | Professional partner<br />
! scope="col" | Result<br />
|-<br />
![[Eijaz Khan]]<br />
|Actor<br />
|Bhawna Khanduja<br />
| bgcolor=lightgreen |Withdrew<br />
|-<br />
![[Suresh Menon]]<br />
|Comedian<br />
|Suchitra Sawant<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 1st<br />
|-<br />
![[Krishnamachari Srikkanth]]<br />
|Cricketer<br />
|Amrita Maitra<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 2nd<br />
|-<br />
![[Meghna Malik]]<br />
|''[[Na Aana Is Des Laado]]'' actress<br />
|Sanam Johar<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 3rd<br />
|-<br />
![[Ekta Kaul]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|[[Tushar Kalia]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 4th<br />
|-<br />
![[Shweta Tiwari]]<br />
|Actress and ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 4)|Bigg Boss 4]]'' winner<br />
|Sushant Pujari <small>(later Savio Barnes)</small><br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 5th<br />
|-<br />
![[Aarti Chabria]]<br />
|Bollywood actress<br />
|Cornel Rodrigues<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 7th<br />
|-<br />
![[Mantra (actor)|Mantra Dasgupta]]<br />
|Actor and RJ<br />
|Ankita Maity<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 8th<br />
|-<br />
![[Karan Patel]]<br />
|Actor<br />
|Sharmishtha Rao<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 9th<br />
|-<br />
![[Karanvir Bohra]]<br />
|Actor<br />
|[[Sneha Kapoor]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 10th<br />
|-<br />
![[Sidharth Shukla]]<br />
|''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' actor and model<br />
|Sonia Jaffer <small>(later [[Mohena Singh]])</small><br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 11th<br />
|-<br />
![[Sana Saeed]]<br />
|''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' actress<br />
|[[Tushar Kalia]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 12th<br />
|-<br />
![[Mukti Mohan]]<br />
|Actress and dancer<br />
|Altaf Iqbal <small>(later Shashank Dogra)</small><br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 13th<br />
|-<br />
![[Shaan (singer)|Shaan Mukherjee]]<br />
|Singer<br />
|Marischa Fernandes<br />
| style="background:#d1c571;" |Fourth place<br />
|-<br />
!Sonali Majumdar<br />
|''[[India's Got Talent]]'' winner<br />
|Sumanth Maroju<br />
| bgcolor="tan" | Third place<br />
|-<br />
![[Lauren Gottlieb]]<br />
|''[[So You Think You Can Dance (American TV series)|So You Think You Can Dance]]'' star and dancer<br />
|Punit Pathak<br />
| bgcolor="silver" |Runners-up<br />
|-<br />
![[Drashti Dhami]]<br />
|''[[Madhubala – Ek Ishq Ek Junoon]]'' actress<br />
|[[Salman Yusuff Khan]]<br />
|bgcolor="gold" |'''Winners'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Series 7 (2014)===<br />
{{Main|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 7)}}<br />
<br />
The season began in June 2014. There was a change in its presenters as [[Ranvir Shorey]] and season 6 winner [[Drashti Dhami]] were roped in as the hosts. Dhami later got replaced by [[Manish Paul]].<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Celebrity<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notability<br />
! scope="col" | Professional partner<br />
! scope="col" | Result<br />
|-<br />
![[VJ Andy|Andy Kumar]]<br />
|VJ and ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' star<br />
|Bhavini Mishra<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 1st<br />
|-<br />
![[Purab Kohli]]<br />
|Bollywood actor<br />
|[[Mohena Singh]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 2nd<br />
|-<br />
![[Kritika Kamra]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Savio Barnes<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 3rd<br />
|-<br />
![[Sukhwinder Singh]]<br />
|Singer<br />
|Bhawna Khanduja<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 4th<br />
|-<br />
![[S. Sreesanth|Sreesanth Nair]]<br />
|Cricketer<br />
|[[Sneha Kapoor]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 5th<br />
|-<br />
![[Puja Banerjee]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Rajit Dev<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 7th<br />
|-<br />
![[Kushal Punjabi]]<br />
|Actor and model<br />
|[[Mohena Singh]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 8th<br />
|-<br />
![[RJ Malishka|Malishka Mendonsa]]<br />
|RJ<br />
|Diwakar Nayal<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 9th<br />
|-<br />
![[Kiku Sharda]]<br />
|Comedian<br />
|Kruti Mahesh<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 10th<br />
|-<br />
!Tara Jean Popowich<br />
|''[[So You Think You Can Dance]]'' star and dancer<br />
|Jack Samuel<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 11th<br />
|-<br />
![[Sophie Choudry]]<br />
|Actress, VJ and singer<br />
|Deepak Singh<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 12th<br />
|-<br />
![[Akshat Singh]]<br />
|''[[India's Got Talent]]'' star<br />
|Vaishnavi Patil<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 13th<br />
|-<br />
![[Mouni Roy]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|[[Punit Pathak]]<br />
| style="background:#d1c571;" |Fourth place<br />
|-<br />
![[Shakti Mohan]]<br />
|Dancer<br />
|[[Tushar Kalia]]<br />
| bgcolor="tan" | Third place<br />
|-<br />
![[Karan Tacker]]<br />
|Actor and model<br />
|Elena Samodanova <small>(later Bhawna Khanduja)</small><br />
| bgcolor="silver" |Runners-up<br />
|-<br />
![[Ashish Sharma]]<br />
|''[[Rangrasiya]]'' actor<br />
|Shampa Gopikrishna<br />
|bgcolor="gold" |'''Winners'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Series 8 (2015)===<br />
{{Main|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 8)}}<br />
<br />
The season began in July 2015. [[Shahid Kapoor]] and season 6 runner-up [[Lauren Gottlieb]] replaced Dixit and D'Souza whilst [[Karan Johar]] was retained as judges. [[Manish Paul]] was retained as the presenter.<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Celebrity<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notability<br />
! scope="col" | Professional partner<br />
! scope="col" | Result<br />
|-<br />
![[Dipika Kakar]]<br />
|''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]'' actress<br />
|Vaibhav Ghuge<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 1st<br />
|-<br />
![[Kavita Kaushik]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Rajiv Dev<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 2nd<br />
|-<br />
![[Radhika Madan]]<br />
|''[[Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi]]'' Actress<br />
|Rishikaysh Jogdande<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 3rd<br />
|-<br />
![[Irfan Pathan]]<br />
|Cricketer<br />
|Suchitra Sawant<br />
| style="background:lightgreen" |Withdrew<br />
|-<br />
![[Ashish Chaudhary]]<br />
|Bollywood actor<br />
|Falon Netto<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 4th<br />
|-<br />
![[Subhreet Kaur Ghumman]]<br />
|''[[India's Got Talent]]'' star<br />
|Diwakar Nayal<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 5th<br />
|-<br />
![[Vivian Dsena]]<br />
|''[[Madhubala – Ek Ishq Ek Junoon]]'' actor<br />
|Bhawna Khanduja<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 6th<br />
|-<br />
![[Raftaar|Raftaar Nair]]<br />
|Rapper<br />
|[[Sneha Kapoor]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 7th<br />
|-<br />
!Scarlett Wilson<br />
|Actress and dancer<br />
|Dhiraj Bakshi<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 8th<br />
|-<br />
![[Roopal Tyagi]]<br />
|Actress and dancer<br />
|Rishikaysh Jogdande<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 9th<br />
|-<br />
![[Neha Marda]]<br />
|''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' actress<br />
|Rajit Dev<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 10th<br />
|-<br />
![[Anita Hassanandani]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Sanam Johar<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 11th<br />
|-<br />
![[Mohit Malik]]<br />
|Actor and model<br />
|Marischa Fernandes<br />
| style="background:#d1c571;" |Fourth place<br />
|-<br />
![[Shamita Shetty]]<br />
|Bollywood actress and ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' star<br />
|Deepak Singh<br />
| bgcolor="tan" | Third place<br />
|-<br />
![[Sanaya Irani]]<br />
|''[[Rangrasiya]]'' actress<br />
|Jai Kumar Nair<br />
| bgcolor="silver" |Runners-up<br />
|-<br />
![[Faisal Khan (dancer)|Faisal Khan]] <br />
|Dancer and actor<br />
|Vaishnavi Patil<br />
|bgcolor="gold" |'''Winners'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Series 9 (2016)===<br />
{{Main|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 9)}}<br />
The ninth season began in July 2016. P[[Manish Paul]] was confirmed to return as the presenter of the series. In June 2016, [[Jacqueline Fernandez]], [[Karan Johar]] and [[Ganesh Hegde]] were confirmed as the judges.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/jacqueline-fernandez-to-judge-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-season-9-1236960/|title=Jacqueline Fernandez To Judge Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Season 9!|date=5 June 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Celebrity<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notability<br />
! scope="col" | Professional partner<br />
! scope="col" | Result<br />
|-<br />
![[Gaurav Gera]]<br />
|Comedian<br />
|Diwakar Nayal<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 1st<br />
|-<br />
!Priyanka Shah<br />
|Dancer<br />
|Poonam Shah<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 2nd<br />
|-<br />
![[Harpal Singh Sokhi]]<br />
|Chef<br />
|Bhavna Purohit<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 3rd<br />
|-<br />
![[Helly Shah]]<br />
|''[[Swaragini – Jodein Rishton Ke Sur]]'' actress<br />
|Jai Kumar Nair<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 4th<br />
|-<br />
![[Sidhant Gupta]]<br />
|Actor and model<br />
|Pranalini Atul /Sneha Singh<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" | Eliminated 5th<br />
|-<br />
![[Arjun Bijlani]]<br />
|''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]'' actor<br />
|Bhawna Khanduja<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 6th<br />
|-<br />
![[Surveen Chawla]]<br />
|Bollywood and Punjabi actress<br />
|Sanam Johar<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 7th<br />
|-<br />
![[Gracy Goswami]]<br />
|''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' actress<br />
|Sachin Sharma<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 9th<br />
|-<br />
![[Nora Fatehi]]<br />
|Bollywood actress and ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' star<br />
|[[Cornel Rodrigues]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 10th<br />
|-<br />
![[Spandan Chaturvedi]]<br />
|''[[Udaan (2014 TV series)|Udaan]]'' actress<br />
|Hardik Bora<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 11th<br />
|-<br />
![[Shakti Arora]]<br />
|''[[Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi]]'' actor<br />
|Suchitra Sawant<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 12th<br />
|-<br />
![[Karishma Tanna]]<br />
|Actress and ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' runner-up<br />
|Rajit Dev<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 13th<br />
|-<br />
!Swasti Nitya<br />
|Dancer<br />
|Preetjot Dayal<br />
|style="background:#f4c7b8" | Eliminated 14th<br />
|-<br />
![[Dwayne Bravo]]<br />
|Cricketer<br />
|Bhavna Purohit<br />
| style="background:lightgreen" |Withdrew<br />
|-<br />
![[Siddharth Nigam]]<br />
|Actor<br />
|Vaishnavi Patil<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 15th<br />
|-<br />
![[Shantanu Maheshwari]]<br />
|Actor and dancer<br />
|[[Alisha Singh]]<br />
| bgcolor="tan" | Third place<br />
|-<br />
![[Salman Yusuff Khan]]<br />
|Dancer<br />
|Aishwarya Radhakrishnan<br />
| bgcolor="silver" |Runners-up<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |[[Teriya Magar]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Dancer<br />
| rowspan="2" |Aryan Patra<br />
|bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 8th<br />
|-<br />
| bgcolor="gold" |'''Winners'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Series 10 (2022)===<br />
{{Main|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 10)}}<br />
The tenth season began in September 2022,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/jhalak-dikhla-jaa-10-og-madhuri-dixit-shakes-a-leg-in-new-promo-watch-2496033.html|title=Jhalak Dikhla Jaa 10: OG Madhuri Dixit shakes a leg in new promo- WATCH|website=Zee News}}</ref> making its comeback after a hiatus of five years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-to-return-after-five-years-with-madhuri-kjo-as-judges/articleshow/92974715.cms|title='Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa' to return after five years, judge Madhuri Dixit says 'It feels like homecoming to me' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=19 July 2022 }}</ref> [[Madhuri Dixit]] and [[Karan Johar]] retained their positions as judges, whilst season 9 contestant [[Nora Fatehi]] came on board as well.<ref name= "JDJ10">{{Cite news|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 to air from 2 September 2022|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-season-10-to-air-from-september-2-exclusive/articleshow/92920144.cms|access-date=2022-07-20|website=Times of India|date=16 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> [[Terence Lewis (choreographer)|Terence Lewis]] came as a guest judge for two weeks.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Choreographer Terence Lewis to replace judge Karan Johar on the show; read|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-choreographer-terence-lewis-to-replace-judge-karan-johar-on-the-show-read/articleshow/95395466.cms|access-date=2022-11-09|website=The Times of India|date=9 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref> [[Manish Paul]] also returned as the presenter.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Has Maniesh Paul agreed to host Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-has-maniesh-paul-agreed-to-host-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10/articleshow/93274222.cms|access-date=2022-08-02|website=Times of India|date=August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> [[Arjun Bijlani]] came as a guest anchor for a week.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-maniesh-paul-to-skip-the-upcoming-episode-due-to-health-issues-arjun-bijlani-takes-his-place/articleshow/95275201.cms|title=Exclusive - Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Maniesh Paul to skip the upcoming episode due to health issues; Arjun Bijlani takes his place - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=3 November 2022 }}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
!Celebrity<br />
!Occupation<br />
!Professional partner<br />
!Result<br />
|-<br />
![[Ali Asgar (actor)|Ali Asgar]]<br />
|Comedian<br />
|Lipsa Acharya<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 1st<br />
|-<br />
![[Dheeraj Dhoopar]]<br />
|''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]'' actor<br />
|Sneha Singh<br />
| style="background:lightgreen" |Withdrew<br />
|-<br />
!Dutee Chand<br />
|Sprinter<br />
|Raveena Choudhary<br />
| style="background:lightgreen" |Withdrew<br />
|-<br />
!Zorawar Kalra<br />
|Chef<br />
|Suchitra Sawant<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 2th<br />
|-<br />
![[Shilpa Shinde]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Nischhal Sharma<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 3rd<br />
|-<br />
!Ada Malik<br />
|Designer<br />
|Shyam Yadav<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 4th<br />
|-<br />
![[Paras Kalnawat]]<br />
|Actor<br />
|[[Shweta Sharda]]<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 5th<br />
|-<br />
![[Amruta Khanvilkar]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Pratik Utekar<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 6th<br />
|-<br />
![[Nia Sharma]]<br />
|''[[Ishq Mein Marjawan]]'' actress<br />
|Tarun Raj Nihalini<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 7th<br />
|-<br />
![[Niti Taylor]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Akash Thapa<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 8th<br />
|-<br />
!Nishant Bhat<br />
|Dancer and ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' runner-up<br />
|Anuradha Iyengar<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 9th<br />
|-<br />
![[Sriti Jha]]<br />
|Actress<br />
|Vivek Chachere<br />
|style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 10th<br />
|-<br />
![[Gashmeer Mahajani]]<br />
|Actor<br />
|Romsha Singh<br />
| style="background:#d1c571;" |Fourth place <br />
|-<br />
!Faisal Sheikh<br />
|Model<br />
|Vaishnavi Patil<br />
| style="background:#c96;" |Third place <br />
|-<br />
![[Rubina Dilaik]]<br />
|Actress and ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' winner<br />
|Sanam Johar<br />
| style="background:silver;" | Runners-up <br />
|-<br />
!Gunjan Sinha<br />
|Dancer<br />
|Tejas Verma<br />
| bgcolor="Gold" |'''Winners'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Series 11 (2023)===<br />
{{Main|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 11)}}<br />
The eleventh season of ''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa'' airs on Sony Entertainment Television after 12 years after the change in broadcasting network. The judging panel includes [[Arshad Warsi]], [[Farah Khan]] and [[Malaika Arora]]. Season 5 2nd runner-up [[Rithvik Dhanjani]] and Season 3 runner-up [[Gauahar Khan]] joined as hosts.<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
!Celebrity<br />
!'''Notability'''<br />
!Professional partner<br />
!Result<br />
|-<br />
![[Aamir Ali]]<br />
|Bollywood and television actor<br />
|Sneha Singh<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 1st<br />
|-<br />
![[Urvashi Dholakia]]<br />
|[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 6)|''Bigg Boss'']] winner and television actress<br />
|Vaibhav Ghuge<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 2nd<br />
|-<br />
!Rajiv Thakur<br />
|Actor and comedian<br />
|Suchitra Sawant<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 3rd<br />
|-<br />
![[Vivek Dahiya (actor)|Vivek Dahiya]]<br />
|Bollywood and television actor<br />
|Lipsa Acharya<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 4th<br />
|-<br />
![[Tanishaa Mukerji]]<br />
|Bollywood actress and [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 7)|''Bigg Boss'']] runner-up<br />
|Tarun Raj Nihalini<br />
|style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 5th<br />
|-<br />
!Awez Darbar [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|13x13px]]<br />
|Social media personality<br />
|Vaishnavi Patil<br />
|bgcolor=lightgreen |Withdrew<br />
|-<br />
!Glenn Saldanha [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|13x13px]]<br />
|Radio jockey<br />
|Arundhati Garnaik<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 6th<br />
|-<br />
![[Anjali Anand]]<br />
|''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]]'' actress<br />
|Danny Fernandez<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 7th<br />
|-<br />
!Sangeeta Phogat<br />
|Wrestler<br />
|Bharat Ghare<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 8th<br />
|-<br />
!Karuna Pandey<br />
|''[[Pushpa Impossible]]'' actress<br />
|Vivek Chachere<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 9th<br />
|-<br />
!Sagar Parekh [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|13x13px]]<br />
|''[[Anupamaa]]'' actor<br />
|Shivani Patel<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 10th<br />
|-<br />
![[Shiv Thakare]]<br />
|[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 16)|''Bigg Boss'']] runner-up<br />
|Romsha Singh<br />
| style="background:#f4c7b8" |Eliminated 11th<br />
|-<br />
![[Sreerama Chandra]]<br />
|[[Indian Idol season 5|''Indian Idol'']] winner and playback singer <br />
|Sonali Kar<br />
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="tan" |Finalists<br />
|-<br />
!Dhanashree Verma [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|13x13px]]<br />
|Social media personality and [[Yuzvendra Chahal]]'s wife <br />
|Sagar Bora<br />
|-<br />
!Adrija Sinha<br />
|Bollywood actress<br />
|Akash Thapa<br />
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="silver" |Runners-up<br />
|-<br />
![[Shoaib Ibrahim]]<br />
|Social Media personality and television actor<br />
|Anuradha Iyenagar<br />
|-<br />
![[Manisha Rani]] [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|13x13px]]<br />
|Social media personality and [[Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi season 2)|''Bigg Boss OTT 2'']] 2nd runner-up<br />
|Ashutosh Pawar<br />
|Bgcolor=gold|'''Winners''' <br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Awards and nominations ==<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
! scope="col" |Year<br />
! scope="col" |Award<br />
! scope="col" |Category<br />
! scope="col" |Nominee<br />
! scope="col" |Result<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" |2012<br />
|[[People's Choice Awards India]]<br />
|Favorite Non-fiction Show<br />
|''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa''<br />
|{{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Colors TV#Golden Petal Awards|Colors Golden Petal Awards]]<br />
|Favorite Non-fiction Show<br />
|''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Favorite Non-fiction Anchor<br />
|Maniesh Paul<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Favorite Non-fiction Judge<br />
|Madhuri Dixit<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian Telly Awards]]<br />
|Best Dance Talent Show<br />
|''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa''<br />
|{{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Judge on a TV Show<br />
|Remo D'Souza, Madhuri Dixit, Malaika Arora<br />
|{{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br />
|Best Anchor - Music & Film Based Show<br />
|Maniesh Paul<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2013<br />
|[[Gold Awards]]<br />
|Best Host<br />
|Maniesh Paul<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Colors Golden Petal Awards<br />
|Favorite Host<br />
|Maniesh Paul, Kapil Sharma<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |Indian Telly Awards<br />
|Best Host<br />
|Maniesh Paul<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Dance Talent Show<br />
|''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa''<br />
|{{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" |2014<br />
| rowspan="2" |Indian Television Academy Awards<br />
| rowspan="2" |Best Anchor - Music & Film Based Show<br />
|Maniesh Paul<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Kapil Sharma<br />
|{{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Asian Viewers Television Awards]]<br />
|Reality Show of the Year<br />
|''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa''<br />
|{{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |Indian Telly Awards<br />
|Best Anchor<br />
|Maniesh Paul, Kapil Sharma<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Judge on a TV Show<br />
|Remo D'Souza, Madhuri Dixit, Karan Johar<br />
|{{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Weekender Show<br />
|''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa''<br />
|{{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Dance Talent Show<br />
|''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2015<br />
|Indian Television Academy Awards<br />
|Best Anchor<br />
|Maniesh Paul<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Asian Viewers Television Awards<br />
|Best Reality Show<br />
|''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |Indian Telly Awards<br />
|Best Anchor<br />
|Maniesh Paul<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Dance Talent Show<br />
|''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa''<br />
|{{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2016<br />
|Indian Television Academy Awards<br />
|Best Anchor - Music & Film Based Show<br />
|Maniesh Paul<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Asian Viewers Television Awards<br />
|Reality Show of the Year<br />
|''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |Colors Golden Petal Awards<br />
|Best Host<br />
|Maniesh Paul<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Entertainment Series<br />
|''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa''<br />
|{{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2017<br />
|Indian Television Academy Awards<br />
|Most Entertaining Personality on TV<br />
|Maniesh Paul<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |Colors Golden Petal Awards<br />
|Best Host<br />
|Maniesh Paul<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Judge<br />
|Karan Johar<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2023<br />
|Lions Gold Awards<br />
|Best Host<br />
|Rithvik Dhanjani<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards India]]<br />
|Favourite Child Entertainer on TV<br />
|Gunjan Sinha<br />
|{{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|Talent Track Awards<br />
|Best Anchor<br />
|Maniesh Paul<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Bollywood Life Awards<br />
|Best Reality Show Star<br />
|Niti Taylor<br />
|{{nominated}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-1700001341 ''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa'' at SonyLIV]<br />
* {{IMDb title|id=8389566}}<br />
<br />
{{Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa}}<br />
{{Dancing with the Stars}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars]]<br />
[[Category:2006 Indian television series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:Dance competition television shows]]<br />
[[Category:Indian dance television shows]]<br />
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]<br />
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television series based on British television series]]<br />
[[Category:Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa seasons]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Tripura_district&diff=468350West Tripura district2026-02-01T04:40:57Z<p>Pruthviraj: slightly corrected lead for accuracy and cleaned formatting for clarity</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = West Tripura district<br />
| settlement_type = District<br />
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage <br />
|photo1a = Agartalapalace (20).JPG <br />
|photo2a = Agartala_(29).JPG <br />
|space = 1 <br />
|size = 280 <br />
|color = white<br />
|color_border = white <br />
}}<br />
| image_alt = River<br />
| image_caption = Agartala North Gate; River scene in Agartala, West Tripura<br />
| image_flag = <br />
| flag_alt = <br />
| image_seal = <br />
| seal_alt = <br />
| image_shield = <br />
| shield_alt = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| motto = <br />
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes<br />
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center<br />
|text= '''West Tripura district'''<br />
|type=shape |id=Q1947570<br />
|stroke-colour=#C60C30<br />
|stroke-width=2<br />
|title= West Tripura district of Tripura<br />
|type2=line|id2=Q1363|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Tripura<br />
}}<br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Location in Tripura<br />
| pushpin_map = <br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = <br />
| coor_pinpoint = <br />
| coordinates = <br />
| coordinates_footnotes = <br />
| subdivision_type = State<br />
| subdivision_name = Tripura<br />
| subdivision_type1 = Country<br />
| subdivision_type2 = <br />
| subdivision_type3 = <br />
| subdivision_name1 = India {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_name2 = <br />
| subdivision_name3 = <br />
| established_title = <br />
| established_date = 1 September 1970<br />
| founder = <br />
| seat_type = <br />
| seat = [[Agartala]]<br />
| government_footnotes = <br />
| leader_party = <br />
| leader_title = [[District Magistrate]]<br />
| leader_name = Vishal Kumar, IAS<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://westtripura.nic.in/whos-who/ |title=who's who- West District, Government of Tripura - India |website=westtripura.nic.in |access-date=11 April 2022}}</ref><br />
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --><br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 983.63<br />
| area_land_km2 = <br />
| area_water_km2 = <br />
| area_water_percent = <br />
| area_note = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 918200<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_note = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Kokborok language|Kokborok]], [[English language|English]]<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 79–84 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 16 February 2016 |df = dmy-all |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date=15 November 2016 }}</ref><br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +05:30<br />
| timezone1_DST = <br />
| utc_offset1_DST = <br />
| postal_code_type = <br />
| postal_code = <br />
| area_code = <br />
| area_code_type = <br />
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-TR]]-WT<br />
| website = https://westtripura.nic.in/<br />
| footnotes = <br />
| mottoeng = <br />
| leader_title2 = [[Superintendent of police]]<br />
| leader_name2 = Kiran Kumar K., IPS<br />
| blank3_name = Ethnicity<br />
| blank3_info = [[Bengali people|Bengali]], [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]]<br />
| blank2_name = [[Languages of India|Spoken languages]]<br />
| blank2_info = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Kokborok language|Kokborok]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''West Tripura district''' is an administrative [[district]] in the state of [[Tripura]] in [[India]]. The district headquarters are located at [[Agartala]]. As of 2012, it is the most populous of [[List of districts of Tripura|Tripura's eight districts]].<ref name="districtcensus">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: West Tripura |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1158/download/3646/DH_2011_1601_PART_A_DCHB_WEST_TRIPURA.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{climate chart<br />
|Agartala<br />
|9.8|25.7|9.1<br />
|13.1|28.5|19.7<br />
|18.6|32.9|59.0<br />
|22.3|34.2|182.1<br />
|23.6|32.9|316.4<br />
|24.5|31.5|455.3<br />
|24.7|31.3|385.8<br />
|24.6|31.5|312.8<br />
|24.2|31.7|224.8<br />
|22.0|30.9|165.2<br />
|16.5|29.0|40.0<br />
|11.1|26.4|8.4<br />
|source=[http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/agartala2.htm IMD]<br />
|float=right<br />
|clear=none<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==District profile==<br />
The information provided below are taken from a book based on 2012 statistics, all the names, infos, details, etc. are in effect from and on 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tripurainfo.com/ |title=Home |website=tripurainfo.com}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Nos !! Info !! Details<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || Inauguration date || 1 September 1970<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || Present DM || Vishal Kumar (IAS)<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || First DM || R Ghosh (IAS) from 5 November 1951 to 26 September 1954.<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || Present SP || Kiran Kumar K (IPS)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tripurapolice.gov.in/westcontact |title = West District - Tripura Police |website=tripurapolice.gov.in |access-date=11 April 2022}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 5 || Area in km<sup>2</sup> || 983.63<br />
|-<br />
| 6 || Population Density || 1005<br />
|-<br />
| 7 || Population(2011) || 988,192<br />
|-<br />
| 8 || Rural Population || 577,453 (58%)<br />
|-<br />
| 9 || Urban Population || 410,739 (42%)<br />
|-<br />
| 10 || Literacy || 91.31% ('''♂''' & '''♀''' 94% & 88% respectively)<br />
|-<br />
| 11 || [[Below Poverty Line (India)|BPL]] Population || Rural 62%, Urban 30%<br />
|-<br />
| 12 || Cultivated Land || 40% of district area<br />
|-<br />
| 13 || Irrigable Land || 14623 Hectares<br />
|-<br />
| 14 || Power Connectivity || 140/147 Villages<br />
|-<br />
| 15 || Self Help Groups || 5468<br />
|-<br />
| 16 || Assembly Constituencies || 14 (SDR: 8 MNP:3 JRN: 3)<br />
|-<br />
| 17 || TTAADC Constituencies || 5 (Sadar: 1 MNP:2 JRN: 2)<br />
|-<br />
| 18 || Voters || 583,434<br />
|-<br />
| 19 || No. of Colleges || 21<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Divisions===<br />
West Tripura district has three sub-divisions: [[Mohanpur Subdivision]], Jirania Subdivision, and [[Sadar Sub-division|Sadar Subdivision]]. It is split into nine [[Block (district subdivision)|blocks]]: Bamutia, Belbari, Dukli, Hezamara, Jirania, Lefunga, Mandwi, Mohanpur, Old Agartala. <br />
===Lok Sabha constituencies===<br />
West Tripura district is located in two Lok Sabha constituencies: [[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura West]] (shared with South Tripura district), and [[Tripura East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura East]] (shared with South Tripura, Dhalai and North Tripura districts).<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
<br />
[[File:Line1.jpg|thumb|right|West Tripurans waiting in line.]]<br />
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], West Tripura district has a population of 1,725,739 ranking it 281st nationally.<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 576 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its population growth rate in 2001{{En dash}}2011 was 12.5%.<ref name=districtcensus/> West Tripura has a sex ratio of 964 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 88.91%.<ref name=districtcensus/> After reorganisation, the residual district had a population was 918,200.<ref>{{Cite web |title=District Survey Report: West Tripura |url=https://dste.tripura.gov.in/pdfs/dsr/west.pdf |website=dste.tripura.gov.in |publisher=Department of Science Technology and Environment: Government of Tripura}}</ref><ref name="districtcensus" /> 64.12% of the population lived in urban areas. Scheduled castes and tribes made up 192,475 (20.96%) and 176,596 (19.23%) of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/><br />
<br />
{{bar box<br />
|title=Religions in West Tripura district (2011)<ref name="religion"/><br />
|titlebar=#Fcd116<br />
|left1=Religion<br />
|right1=Percent<br />
|float=left<br />
|bars=<br />
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|92.70}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|3.53}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Tripura|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|3.33}}<br />
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.44}}<br />
|caption=Distribution of religions<br />
}}<br />
West Tripura had 851,203 Hindus, 32,420 Muslims and 30,554 Christians.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Tripura|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11393/download/14506/DDW16C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! West Tripura !! Urban Pop. % of total population !! Sex ratio ('''♀''' per 1000 '''♂''') !! Density Population<br />
|-<br />
| 1981 || 15.29 || 941 || 364<br />
|-<br />
| 1991 || 24.29 || 946 || 963<br />
|-<br />
| 2011 || 42.00 || - || 1005<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{Pie chart<br />
|caption = Languages of West Tripura district (2011)<ref name="languages"/><br />
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 76.23 |color1 = orchid <br />
|label2 = [[Kokborok]] |value2 = 17.69 |color2 = deepskyblue<br />
|label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 2.04 |color3 = orange<br />
|label4 = Others |value4 = 4.04 |color4 = grey<br />
}}<br />
<br />
In 2011, 76.23% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 17.69% [[Kokborok]] and 2.04% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tripura|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10223/download/13335/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1600.XLSX|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Flora and fauna==<br />
In 1987, the [[Sipahijola Wildlife Sanctuary]] was established in the West Tripura district, with an area of 18.5&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment|title=Protected areas: Tripura|url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/page_tripura.htm|access-date=25 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325001702/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/page_tripura.htm|archive-date=25 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://westtripura.nic.in/ Official Website of West Tripura District]<br />
{{commons category|West Tripura district}}<br />
<br />
{{Geographic location<br />
|Centre = West Tripura<br />
|North = <br />
|Northeast =<br />
|East = [[Dhalai]]<br />
|Southeast = <br />
|South = [[South Tripura]]<br />
|Southwest =<br />
|West =<br />
|Northwest =''[[Bangladesh]]''<br />
}}<br />
{{Tripura}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|23|55|N|91|30|E|region:IN_type:adm2nd|display=title}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:West Tripura District}}<br />
[[Category:West Tripura district| ]]<br />
[[Category:Districts of Tripura]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shaitan_Singh_Nagar&diff=534358Shaitan Singh Nagar2026-01-15T12:36:59Z<p>Pruthviraj: starting some bio v1</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Village in Jodhpur district, Rajasthan, India}}{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Shaitan Singh Nagar<br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = Village <br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| coordinates = <br />
| subdivision_type = Town<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jodhpur district|Jodhpur]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = <br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = 230<br />
| population_total = 3947<br />
| population_as_of = 2001<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = <br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 342023<br />
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#RJ.E2.80.94Rajasthan|RJ]]-19<br />
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|RJ-IN]]<br />
| website = <!-- {{URL|www.balesar.ga}} --><br />
| footnotes = <br />
| <br />
}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br />
<br />
'''Shaitan Singh Nagar''' (formerly known as '''Banasar''') is a village in [[Jodhpur district]], [[Rajasthan]], India. The village was renamed in honor of Major [[Shaitan Singh]], a recipient of India's highest military decoration, the [[Param Vir Chakra]], awarded posthumously for his valor during the 1962 [[Sino-Indian War]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaitan Singh Nagar Village Population - Phalodi - Jodhpur, Rajasthan |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/84239-shaitan-singh-nagar-rajasthan.html |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=News |first=India TV |title=Shaitan Singh Nagar Pin Code {{!}} Postal Code (Zip Code) of Shaitan Singh Nagar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/rajasthan/jodhpur/shaitan-singh-nagar |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaitan Singh Nagar BO Pin Code: Find Pin Code of Shaitan Singh Nagar BO locality of Rajasthan - NDTV.com |url=https://www.ndtv.com/tools/pincodes/rajasthan/jodhpur/shaitan-singh-nagar-bo |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=english |title=Shaitan Singh Nagar Pin Code - 342308, All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search jodhpur Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/rajasthan/jodhpur/shaitan-singh-nagar-pincode-342308.html |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=ABP Live |language=en}}</ref>[[File:Shaitan singh.jpg|250px|thumb|Singh's statue at a square in Jodhpur city.]]<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
According to the 2011 Population Census, Shaitan Singh Nagar has a total population of 3947 residents, with 2087 males and 1860 females living in 650 families.<br />
<br />
==Namesake==<br />
[[File:Shaitan Singh (cropped).jpg|thumb|Statue of Shaitan Singh in a central square of his native city of Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Indi]]<br />
<br />
[[Shaitan Singh|Major Shaitan Singh Bhati, PVC]] was an Indian Army officer and recipient of India's highest military decoration, the Param Vir Chakra. Singh was born in Rajasthan. On completing his graduation, Singh joined the Jodhpur State Forces.<ref name=shaim1>{{Cite web |title=Shaitan Singh Nagar Railway Station |url=https://www.railyatri.in/stations/shaitan-singh-nagar-stsn |website=Railyatri}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Jodhpur district |state=collapsed}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Rajasthan}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Jodhpur district]]<br />
[[Category:Villages in Rajasthan]]<br />
<br />
{{Jodhpurdivision-geo-stub}}</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Transport_in_India&diff=545397Bharatpedia:WikiProject Transport in India2026-01-11T03:24:15Z<p>Pruthviraj: starting new pg added tags</p>
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==Descendant WikiProjects==<br />
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian roads]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian railways]]<br />
<br />
==Discussion==<br />
*[[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Transport in India]]<br />
<br />
==Naming conventions==<br />
*[[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Indic)]]<br />
<br />
==WikiProject Transport in India notice==<br />
<br />
Place this WikiProject notice {{tl|WP India}} at the top of an article's Talk page to direct editors to the WikiProject Transport in India for guidelines.<br />
<br />
To use it, place<br />
'''<nowiki>{{WP India|transport=yes|transport-importance=}}</nowiki>'''<br />
at the top of an article's Talk page.<br />
It will produce:<br />
{{WP India|transport=yes|category=no}}<br />
<br />
==Stubs==<br />
For stubs about the Transport in India, use '''{{tl|india-transport-stub}}'''. This will go into the [[:Category:India transport stubs]] category.<br />
<br />
==Templates==<br />
[[Template:WikiProject Transport in India/Invite | Invite]]<br />
<br />
{{User:WolterBot/Cleanup listing subscription|wgcat=WikiProject Transport in India articles}}<br />
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<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:India, Transport}}<br />
[[Category:WikiProject Transport in India| ]]<br />
[[Category:India-related WikiProjects|Transport]]<br />
[[Category:Transport WikiProjects]]<br />
[[Category:WikiProjects participating in Wikipedia 1.0 assessments]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=AIFF_Academy&diff=483862AIFF Academy2026-01-06T12:03:39Z<p>Pruthviraj: creating some post from scratch - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2014}}<br />
{{ infobox football club<br />
| clubname = AIFF Academy<br />
| image = <br />
| fullname = AIFF-FIFA Talent Academy<br />
| founded = {{start date and age|2013}} (''as AIFF Elite Academy'')<br/>{{start date and age|2023}} (''re-established as AIFF-FIFA Talent Academy'')<br />
| dissolved = {{start date and age|2017}} (''merged into [[Indian Arrows]]'')<br />
| ground = Chowgule Sports Centre, [[Goa]]<br />
| league = [[Youth League (India)|Elite Youth League]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''AIFF Academy''' is the elite academy of the regional [[All India Football Federation|AIFF]] affiliated [[association football|football]] academies.<br />
<br />
Founded on 1 February 2013, the '''AIFF Elite Academy''' started as a youth development project between the AIFF and [[FIFA]].<ref name="Elite Academy">{{cite web|title=India gear up for Qatar in AFC U-19 qualifiers|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-gear-up-for-qatar-in-afc-u-19-qualifiers-1151115.html|website=FirstPost|access-date=11 December 2014|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924154000/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-gear-up-for-qatar-in-afc-u-19-qualifiers-1151115.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Elite Academy is the final frontier for players who train at the AIFF regional academies in various parts of [[India]]. It was re-established as the '''AIFF-FIFA Talent Academy''' in 2023.<ref name="afta">{{Cite web |title=AIFF-FIFA academy to be launched on November 21 in Bhubaneswar |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/index.php/article/aiff-fifa-academy-to-be-launched-on-november-21-in-bhubaneswar |date=15 November 2023 |website=AIFF }}</ref><br />
<br />
==AIFF Elite Academy==<br />
In September 2011, it was announced that both All India Football Federation and FIFA would work together to set up various regional academies and one elite academy in India with the goal of developing youth footballers in the country.<ref name="September 2011">{{cite web|title=AIFF-FIFA to set up academies in India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/AIFF-FIFA-to-set-up-academies-in-India/articleshow/9923748.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=11 December 2014|archive-date=30 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630204458/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/AIFF-FIFA-to-set-up-academies-in-India/articleshow/9923748.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The first phase was starting of regional academies in [[Bangalore]], [[Kolkata]], [[Mumbai]], [[Delhi]] and [[Sikkim]].<ref name="September 2011"/> The second phase saw [[Chennai]], [[Chandigarh]], and [[Kerala]] getting academies by March 2013. Each academy consisted of 30-35 under-14 players who would eventually develop to the further youth stages.<ref name="September 2011"/><br />
<br />
Bangalore, Kolkata, and Delhi regional academies delayed while the Mumbai Academy was started with future [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]] coach, [[Arthur Papas]].<ref name="Early Delays">{{cite web|last1=Kapadia|first1=Novy|title=A look at the AIFF's regional academies|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/a-look-at-the-aiffs-regional-academies|website=SportsKeeda|access-date=11 December 2014|archive-date=5 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105021741/http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/a-look-at-the-aiffs-regional-academies|url-status=live}}</ref> The reason given for the delay was due to the rampant age-cheating during trials for the regional academies. Of the 120 players selected after playing in the [[Subroto Cup]] and other youth competitions, 84 were found to be over-aged and not even acceptable for the under-16 category.<ref name="Early Delays"/><br />
<br />
Eventually, the AIFF Elite Academy was launched in 2013.<ref name="Elite Academy"/> It was gradually integrated in the [[Indian Arrows]].<br />
<br />
==AIFF-FIFA Talent Academy==<br />
In 2023, AIFF in association with FIFA decided to set up an academy under the FIFA Talent Development Scheme. The academy was inaugurated by [[Arsene Wenger]], the Chief of Global Football Development in FIFA.<ref name="afta"/> The academy was set up at Odisha Football Academy in [[Bhubaneswar]], Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIFF signs MoU with Odisha Government on FIFA-AIFF Academy in presence of Arsene Wenger |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aiff-signs-mou-with-odisha-government-on-fifa-aiff-academy-in-presence-of-arsene-wenger |date=21 November 2023 |website=AIFF }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2025, the second FIFA Talent Academy, which also includes the first academy for girls', was opened at [[Hyderabad]]. The academy will be located at [[G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium|Gachibowli Stadium]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=India’s second FIFA Talent Academy, first for girls, launched in Hyderabad |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indias-second-fifa-talent-academy-first-for-girls-launched-in-hyderabad |date=2 August 2025 |website=AIFF }}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Youth League (India)|Youth League]]<br />
* [[B.C. Roy Trophy|Junior National Football Championship]]<br />
* [[Subroto Cup]]<br />
* [[Football in India]]<br />
* [[Indian football league system]]<br />
* [[History of Indian football]]<br />
* [[Reliance Foundation Development League]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Football in India}}<br />
{{National Football Centres}}<br />
{{Youth League (India)}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Football academies in India]]<br />
[[Category:Football academies in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:2013 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:2017 disestablishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:2023 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Youth football in India]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Maternity_Hospital,_Hyderabad&diff=544244Victoria Maternity Hospital, Hyderabad2026-01-01T07:05:33Z<p>Pruthviraj: starting a pg w/ infobox</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Hospital in Hyderabad, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox hospital<br />
| name = Victoria Maternity Hospital<br />
| org_group = [[Government of Telangana]]<br />
| image = Victoria Maternity Hospital, Hyderabad 8.jpg<br />
| image_size = 250px<br />
| caption = Erstwhile Victoria Maternity Hospital<br />
| logo = <!-- optional --><br />
| location = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|17.369393|N|78.474956|E|display=inline, title}}<br />
| healthcare = <br />
| type = <br />
| speciality = <br />
| emergency = <br />
| affiliation = <br />
| beds = <br />
| opened = {{start date and age|1907}}<br />
| closed = <!-- optional --><br />
| website = <br />
| other_links = <!-- optional --><br />
| helipad = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Fire Engine Vehicle at Victoria Maternity Hospital, Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|left|The hospital has been converted to a fire station]]<br />
'''Victoria Maternity Hospital''', also known as '''Victoria Zenana Hospital''', was the second biggest hospital in [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]], India, after [[Osmania General Hospital|Afzalgunj Hospital]]. It no longer exists, and was converted into a block of [[Telangana High Court]] to house fire engines. The hospital has been shifted to a new location and today this building is called H-block of the High Court.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2023/Apr/29/hyderabad-activists-frown-on-move-to-demolish-heritage-structure-for-car-multi-level-parking-2570470.html|title=Hyderabad: Activists frown on move to demolish heritage structure for car multi-level parking|last=|first=|date=2023-04-29|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2024-04-03}}</ref><br />
[[File:Dog Fountain at Victoria Maternity Hospital, Hyderabad 2.jpg|thumb|left|The ''Dog fountain'' is proposed to be demolished]]<br />
The building was previously categorised as a [[Heritage structures in Hyderabad, India|Heritage Building]] as per HUDA regulations and in 2010 was delisted from the list of Heritage building so as to be demolished and to be converted into a multi-level car park for the employees of High Court and visitors. The government order to demolish was issued in April 2019 and the High Court proposed that work be taken up in May during the summer vacations.<br />
<br />
The hospital premises also contains a fountain known as "Dog Fountain" from the Qutub Shahi era which is also set to be demolished.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/zenana-hospital-will-be-history-heritage-to-face-bulldozers-in-hyderabad/articleshow/100060058.cms|title=Zenana Hospital will be history, heritage to face bulldozers in Hyderabad|last=Bommakanti|first=Ujwal|date=2023-05-08|work=The Times of India|access-date=2024-04-03}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 16 May 2019, based on an appeal by heritage activists, the order to demolish the Zenana building was stayed by High Court.<ref name=":3" /> <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:Victoria_Maternity_Hospital,_Hyderabad_7.jpg|thumb|left|Victoria Maternity Hospital]]<br />
This was the first hospital built in Hyderabad to exclusively treat women.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.siasat.com/the-heritage-of-hyderabad-dwindling-day-by-day-2589401/|title=The Heritage of Hyderabad dwindling day by day|last=|first=|date=2023-05-14|work=The Siasat Daily|access-date=2024-04-03}}</ref> The foundation of the hospital was laid by Princess of Wales in 1905.<ref name=":2" /> The building was built during the reign of the [[Mahboob Ali Khan|sixth Nizam of Hyderabad]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.siasat.com/hyderabad-demolition-of-historic-victoria-zenana-building-stopped-2591897/|title=Hyderabad: Demolition of historic Victoria Zenana building stopped|last=Lasania|first=Yunus|date=2023-05-17|work=The Siasat Daily|access-date=2024-04-03}}</ref><br />
<br />
The hospital was earlier known as Zenana Hospital and later renamed as Victoria Maternity Hospital.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
In 1957, Victoria Zenana Hospital was organised into Government Maternity Hospital. From [[Osmania General Hospital]], maternity and gynaec beds were shifted to the newly reorganised hospital.<ref>{{cite book |last= |first= |author-link= |date=1957 |title=State Administration Report |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Ur0VAQAAIAAJ&dq=victoria+maternity+hospital+hyderabad&pg=RA1-PA326|location= |publisher=Andhra Pradesh General Administration Dept|page= 326|isbn=}}</ref><br />
<br />
The world's first qualified women anesthetist Dr [[Rupa Bai Furdoonji|Rupa Bai Fardonji]] worked in this hospital during the 1900s.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hospitals established in Hyderabad State]]<br />
[[Category:Heritage structures in Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1908]]<br />
[[Category:Hospitals in Hyderabad, India]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=EKA_Arena&diff=498021EKA Arena2025-12-27T07:48:45Z<p>Pruthviraj: new a entry.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Building in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox venue<br />
| name = EKA Arena<br />
| nickname =<br />
| fullname = EKA Arena by TransStadia<br />
| image = Aka arena .jpg<br />
| image_size = 350px<br />
| caption = Panoramic view of the stadium<br />
| location = [[Kankaria Lake]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| coordinates ={{Coord|23|00|39.7|N|72|35|56.8|E|display=it}}<br />
| opened = 7 October 2016<br />
| owner = TransStadia<br />
| dimensions = {{convert|105|x|68|m|abbr=on}}<br />
| surface = [[Cynodon dactylon|Bermuda Grass]]<br />
| cost = [[United States dollar|US$]] 82.15 million<br />
| architect = Holmes Miller & DSP Design Associates<br />
| capacity = 20,000 (10,000 more with temporary seats on the pitch area) (outdoor)<ref name="outdoor capacity">{{cite web | title=TransStadia Pitch | url=https://transstadia.com/pitch/# | website=transstadia.com | access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref><br />
| tenants = [[India national football team]] (2019–present)<br />[[ARA F.C.]] <br> [[Gujarat football team]] <br> [[Gujarat Giants (kabaddi)|Gujarat Giants]]<br />
| website = {{URL|http://transstadia.com/}}<br />
| public_transit = <!--[[File:Janmarg_logo_new.jpg|30px]]--> [[Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System|Janmarg]]<br><!--[[File:Ahmedabad_Municipal_Transport_Service_logo.jpg|15px]]--> [[Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service|AMTS]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''EKA Arena''' (formerly '''The Arena by TransStadia''') is a [[multi-purpose stadium]] in [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], located near [[Kankaria Lake]]. The stadium was officially opened on 7 October 2016. It was built in a [[public-private partnership]] between the [[Government of Gujarat]] and SE TransStadia, a company led by entrepreneur Udit Sheth.<br />
<br />
The stadium seats 20,000 spectators in its main [[association football|football]] configuration. It is capable of being partitioned into an [[arena|indoor arena]], allowing it to host other sporting events (such as [[kabaddi]] and [[table tennis]]).<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi at the ceremony to inaugurate the TransStadia Integrated Sports & Entertainment Arena Project & Khel Mahakhumbh-2017, in Ahmedabad, Gujarat on June 30, 2017 (4).jpg|thumb|Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] at the inauguration ceremony of the stadium in Ahmedabad, June 30, 2017.]]<br />
[[File:EKA Arena Stadium(TransStadia).jpg|thumb|Interior of the stadium]]<br />
TransStadia was established by entrepreneur Udit Sheth after being introduced to British footballer and stadium consultant [[Paul Fletcher (footballer)|Paul Fletcher]]. Sheth sought to build a multi-purpose stadium on an otherwise-unused property in Gujarat,<ref name=":0" /> licensing technology from Fletcher's company StadiArena to allow part of the facility to be converted into an indoor arena to maximise its utilisation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Raje|first=Aparna Piramal|date=2019-01-24|title=The entrepreneur who built a stadium|url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/business-of-life/the-entrepreneur-who-built-a-stadium-1548259019347.html|access-date=2020-12-03|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-11-04|title=StadiArena targets US, UK expansion|url=https://www.thestadiumbusiness.com/2016/11/04/stadiarena-targets-us-uk-expansion/|access-date=2020-12-03|website=The Stadium Business|language=en-GB}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Sheth stated that the design of the stadium and its facilities were intended to meet the needs of players, spectators, and broadcasters, including training facilities, ensuring there were no obstructed views and adequate [[Fiber-optic communication|fibreoptic]] connections for [[Wi-Fi]], and working with [[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star Sports]] officials to plan the necessary infrastructure for broadcasting.<ref name=":1" /> He cited [[Amsterdam Arena]], the [[Tokyo Dome]], and [[Wembley Stadium]] as influences on its overall design.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pathak|first=Maulik|date=2016-10-10|title=Arena by TransStadia: A sneak peek into India’s first convertible stadium|work=Mint|url=https://www.livemint.com/Sports/QkCbhhAJxZuw65l1iPwXuK/Arena-by-TranStadia-A-sneak-peek-into-Indias-first-convert.html|access-date=2018-04-16}}</ref><br />
<br />
The facility cost ₹550 crore to construct, as part of a public-private partnership with the state government; Sheth explained that "the project would not have been viable if we decided to charge commercial market value rent and still expected sports to develop. A regular project will recover money in around five years while we will do it in seven to nine years."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=TransStadia, the Rs 550 crore sports complex that may put Gujarat on the global sporting map|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/transstadia-the-rs-550-crore-sports-complex-that-may-put-gujarat-on-the-global-sporting-map-3763329.html|access-date=2018-04-16|website=Firstpost}}</ref><br />
<br />
Its indoor arena hosted its facility's first sporting event — the [[2016 Kabaddi World Cup (Standard style)|2016 Kabaddi World Cup]]—in November 2016.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Kabaddi World Cup 2016, India vs South Korea Highlights: South Korea stun India in opener|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/kabaddi-world-cup-2016-india-vs-south-korea-live-scores-and-updates-hosts-look-for-winning-start-3040154.html|access-date=2018-04-16|website=Firstpost}}</ref> A formal inauguration ceremony was held 30 June 2017, attended by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] and other political and sporting dignitaries. During a speech at the ceremony, Sheth referred to The Arena as "the most modern stadium in the world".<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-06-30|title=Narendra Modi Gujarat visit: PM inaugurates Asia’s biggest multi-purpose stadium TransStadia Arena; take a look|language=en-US|work=The Financial Express|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/photos/business-gallery/743514/narendra-modi-gujarat-visit-pm-inaugurates-asias-biggest-multi-purpose-stadium-transstadia-arena-take-a-look/6/|access-date=2018-04-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-06-30|title=‘The Arena’ by TransStadia inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi|language=en-US|work=The Indian Express|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/the-arena-by-transstadia-inaugurated-by-prime-minister-narendra-modi-4729749/|access-date=2018-04-16}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Major events ==<br />
<br />
=== Kabaddi ===<br />
The Arena hosted the [[Kabaddi World Cup (International Kabaddi Federation)|Kabaddi World Cup]] in 2016.<ref name=":2" /> It has hosted legs of the [[Pro Kabaddi League]], serving as designated home arena of the [[Gujarat Giants (kabaddi)|Gujarat Giants]].<br />
<br />
=== Football ===<br />
In July 2019, the stadium hosted the [[2019 Intercontinental Cup (India)|2019 Intercontinental Cup]], marking the first international football matches held at the Arena.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vasudevan|first=Shyam|title=Intercontinental Cup: Ahmedabad's EKA Arena's first tryst with international football|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/eka-arena-ahmedabad-intercontinental-cup-spectator-friendly-facilities-technologies/article28310771.ece|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Sportstar|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
It was to host matches during the [[2021 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup|2020 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Subramanian|first=Vishal|date=2020-02-18|title=FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup 2020 schedule revealed - Navi Mumbai to host the final|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/fifa-u-17-women-s-world-cup-2020-schedule-revealed-navi-mumbai-to-host-the-final|access-date=2020-12-03|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref> but the tournament was postponed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Update on FIFA Club World Cup 2020 and women’s youth tournaments|url=https://www.fifa.com/who-we-are/news/update-on-fifa-club-world-cup-2020-and-women-s-youth-tournaments|access-date=2020-12-03|website=FIFA.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> India were awarded the [[2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup|2022 tournament]], but Ahmedabad was not named a host city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhubaneswar, Margao in Goa and Navi Mumbai confirmed as Host Cities for tournament |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/u17womensworldcup/india2022/media-releases/draw-for-fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-india-2022-tm-to-take-place-on-24-june |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413145031/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/u17womensworldcup/india2022/media-releases/draw-for-fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup-india-2022-tm-to-take-place-on-24-june |archive-date=13 April 2022 |accessdate=13 April 2022 |publisher=FIFA.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
It hosted football during the [[2022 National Games of India]].<ref>{{cite web |date=12 October 2022 |title=National Games: W Bengal hammer Kerala 5–0 to clinch gold in men's football |url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/sports/national-games-w-bengal-hammer-kerala-5-0-to-clinch-gold-in-men-s-football-122101101341_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012050045/https://www.business-standard.com/article/sports/national-games-w-bengal-hammer-kerala-5-0-to-clinch-gold-in-men-s-football-122101101341_1.html |archive-date=12 October 2022 |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=wap.business-standard.com |publisher=Business Standard India |location=Ahmedabad |agency=IANS}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sarangi |first=Y. B. |date=11 October 2022 |title=National Games: West Bengal routs Kerala 5–0, wins men's football gold medal after 11 years |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/national-games/national-games-narohari-shrestha-hat-trick-west-bengal-beats-kerala-5-0-wins-men-football-gold-medal/article65998238.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012050037/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/national-games/national-games-narohari-shrestha-hat-trick-west-bengal-beats-kerala-5-0-wins-men-football-gold-medal/article65998238.ece |archive-date=12 October 2022 |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |publisher=[[Sportstar]] |location=Ahmedabad |agency=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Other ===<br />
On October 11, 2025 the [[70th Filmfare Awards|70th Filmfare awards]] were hosted at the Arena.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fans Are Raving About 70th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2025 With Gujarat Tourism {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/fans-are-raving-about-70th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2025-with-gujarat-tourism-78771.html |access-date=2025-11-12 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[ List of football stadiums in India]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{Twitter|SETransStadia}}<br />
<br />
{{Ahmedabad topics}}<br />
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 2016]]<br />
[[Category:Multi-purpose stadiums in India]]<br />
[[Category:2016 establishments in Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Kabaddi venues in India]]<br />
[[Category:Football in Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Sports venues in Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Football venues in India]]<br />
[[Category:Sports venues in Ahmedabad]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kethureddipatti&diff=509407Kethureddipatti2025-12-16T16:26:11Z<p>Pruthviraj: New</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Village Panchayat}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| official_name = Kethureddipatti<br />
| settlement_type = Village Panchayat<br />
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu<br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|12.08|N|78.28|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[Region]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kongu Nadu]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| population_total = 4808<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 635302<br />
| area_code = 91-4346<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| registration_plate = TN 29<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu|Dharmapuri]]<br />
| blank1_name_sec2 = Nearest Town<br />
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Kadathur]], [[Bommidi]]<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] Constituency<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Dharmapuri]]<br />
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] Constituency<br />
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Pappireddipatti]]<br />
| subdivision_type4 = [[Tehsil|Taluk]]<br />
| subdivision_type5 = Block<br />
| subdivision_name4 = [[Pappireddipatti taluk|Pappireddipatti]]<br />
| subdivision_name5 = [[Kadathur Block|Kadathur]]<br />
| government_type = Village Panchayat<br />
| leader_title = President<br />
| leader_name = Tmt. Kalpana Sambath<br />
| leader_title1 = Secretary<br />
| leader_name1 = Mr. Ravi<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Kethureddipatti''' is a [[Village Panchayat]] in [[Dharmapuri district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Dharmapuri District, Government of Tamil Nadu {{!}} Land of Adhiyaman Fort {{!}} India|url=https://dharmapuri.nic.in/|access-date=2021-10-26|language=en-US}}</ref> It is located at {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}} from [[Dharmapuri]] town. It comes under [[Pappireddipatti taluk]] and [[Kadathur Block]]. It belongs to [[Pappireddipatti (state assembly constituency)|Pappireddipatti]] [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assembly Constituency]] and [[Dharmapuri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dharmapuri]] [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Loksabha Constituency]]. It consists of nine panchayat wards. As per the [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], the total population of this village is 4,808.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=TNRD - Census of India 2011 |url=https://drdpr.tn.gov.in/databases/census_of_india_2011TN/pdf/09-Dharmapuri.pdf |website=Tamilnadu Rural Development and Panchayati Raj |access-date=9 August 2022 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707213400/https://drdpr.tn.gov.in/databases/census_of_india_2011TN/pdf/09-Dharmapuri.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Geography ==<br />
Kethureddipatti is situated {{convert|32|km}} south of Dharmapuri. It is in the southern region of the district. It is surrounded by Kavaramalai RF in the southeast and Vathalmalai Hills in the northwest.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Map of District {{!}} Dharmapuri District, Government of Tamil Nadu {{!}} India |url=https://dharmapuri.nic.in/map-of-district/ |access-date=2022-08-09 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Demographics ==<br />
As per the 2011 census of India, the Kethureddipatti Village has population of 4,808 out of which male population is 2,456 while female population is 2,352. Literacy rate of kettureddipatty village is 64.43% out of which 73.62% males and 54.85% females are literate.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Transport ==<br />
Kethureddipatti has both government and private bus connectivity with Bommidi, Kadathur, Pappireddipatti, Harur, Dharmapuri.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Department, Govt of Tamil Nadu, India |url=https://tnsta.gov.in/homepage |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=tnsta.gov.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Road ===<br />
Kethureddipatti is situated {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}} from both the [[Bommidi]] and [[Kadathur]] bus stand. From thereon buses to [[Chennai]], [[Coimbatore|Kovai]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Harur]], [[Dharmapuri]] etc. operated on timely and daily basis by both [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation]] (TNSTC) and private transports.<br />
<br />
=== Trains ===<br />
There are three nearby railway stations available, [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Bommidi/@11.9790527,78.2512764,15z/data=!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x3bac0d7557516e75:0xd2d5f7f41a8c7a8d!2sBommidi,+Tamil+Nadu+635301!3b1!8m2!3d11.9790529!4d78.2512764!3m4!1s0x3bac0d9f94b41537:0x541c547f5b18ac9d!8m2!3d11.9845737!4d78.2460948 Bommidi], [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Morappur/@12.1154231,78.3868224,14.5z/data=!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x3bac0d7557516e75:0xd2d5f7f41a8c7a8d!2sBommidi,+Tamil+Nadu+635301!3b1!8m2!3d11.9790529!4d78.2512764!3m4!1s0x3bac6967c52a5935:0x66bf9cef5a102f12!8m2!3d12.124462!4d78.3940277 Morappur] and [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Buddireddipatti/@12.031045,78.3047101,13.5z/data=!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x3bac0d7557516e75:0xd2d5f7f41a8c7a8d!2sBommidi,+Tamil+Nadu+635301!3b1!8m2!3d11.9790529!4d78.2512764!3m4!1s0x3bac6d224b87b18f:0xcd9e15c9644c5b07!8m2!3d12.0462524!4d78.3138056 Buddireddipatti]. Both Bommidi and Morappur has train connectivity with [[Chennai]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Tirupati]], [[Kerala]] etc. through [[Express trains in India|express]] and [[Superfast Express trains in India|superpast express trains]]. Buddireddipatti has [[passenger train]] connectivity only.<br />
<br />
=== Airport ===<br />
Nearest airport: [[Salem Airport (India)|Salem Airport]], is 47&nbsp;km from Kethureddipatti, [[Coimbatore International Airport|Coimbatore Airport]] to Kethureddipatti 218&nbsp;km, [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bangalore Airport]] to Kethureddipatti 190 Km, [[Chennai International Airport|Chennai Airport]] to Kethureddipatti 282&nbsp;km.<br />
<br />
== Political and Revenue administration ==<br />
The Kethureddipatti Village Panchayat has<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=List of Habitations in Tamilnadu |url=https://drdpr.tn.gov.in/databases/dist_blk_vill_hab_new.pdf |website=Tamilnadu Rural Development & Panchayat Raj |access-date=12 August 2022 |archive-date=25 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625110957/https://drdpr.tn.gov.in/databases/dist_blk_vill_hab_new.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
# One Village Panchayat President<br />
# One ward Councillor<br />
# 9 ward representatives.<br />
<br />
=== Habitations ===<br />
Source:<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
# Anna Nagar<br />
# Dharmalingam Kottai<br />
# Kali Kottai<br />
# Kanapathi Kottai<br />
# Kethureddipatti<br />
# Muttaikkannan Kottai<br />
# Savulukkottai<br />
# Sengan Nagar<br />
# Sinnoor<br />
# Pudhukuttaiyan Kottai<br />
# Perisu Kottai<br />
# Veppilaipatti<br />
<br />
== Public utilities ==<br />
<br />
=== Education ===<br />
Kethureddipatti panchyat consists of one<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/search/schools/@12.0354572,78.3038725,12z/data=!3m1!4b1 | title=Schools }}</ref><br />
<br />
# Government High School, Kethureddipatti<br />
# Government Middle School, Veppilaipatti<br />
# Government Primary School, Kethureddipatti.Nearby Schools are<br />
<br />
# Government Higher Secondary School, Buddireddipatti<br />
# Government Higher Secondary School, Nathamedu<br />
# Government Higher Secondary School, Kadathur<br />
# Government Higher Secondary School, Bommidi<br />
# Annai India Matric Higher Secondary School, Bommidi<br />
# AMG Matric Higher Secondary School, Bommidi<br />
# Sri Vinayaga Vidhyalaya Matric Higher Secondary School, Sillarahalli<br />
# Achievers Academy, Sungarahalli,<br />
# Greenpark CBSE School, Kadathur<br />
# Kalaimagal Matric Higher Secondary School, Kadathur<br />
# Swamy Vivekanandha Matric Higher Secondary School, Kadathur.<br />
<br />
Nearby Colleges<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colleges {{!}} Dharmapuri District, Government of Tamil Nadu {{!}} India |url=https://dharmapuri.nic.in/public-utility-category/colleges/ |access-date=2022-08-09 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
# Government Polytechnic College, Kadathur<br />
# Government Arts College, Pappireddipatti<br />
# Government Arts & Science College, Dharmapuri<br />
# [[Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri|Government Engineering College]], Settikarai, Dharmapuri<br />
# [[Government Dharmapuri Medical College|Government Medical College & Hospital]], Dharmapuri<br />
<br />
=== Government hospitals ===<br />
Nearby government hospitals are<br />
<br />
* [[Primary Health Centre (India)|Primary Health Center]], Kadathur<br />
* Primary Health Center, Bommidi<br />
* Primary Health Center, Ramiyenahalli<br />
<br />
=== Banks ===<br />
Nearby banks are<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banks {{!}} Dharmapuri District, Government of Tamil Nadu {{!}} India |url=https://dharmapuri.nic.in/public-utility-category/banks/ |access-date=2022-08-09 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
* [[Cooperative Bank]], Talanatham<br />
* [[Indian Bank]], Sillarahalli,<br />
* Indian Bank, Kadathur,<br />
* Indian Bank, Bommidi,<br />
* [[State Bank of India]], Kadathur,<br />
* [[Canara Bank|Canera Bank]], Bommidi<br />
* [[TamilNadu Mercantile Bank|Tamilnadu Mercantile Bank]], Bommidi.<br />
<br />
=== Government offices ===<br />
It has a Village Administrative Office at Kethureddipatti which maintains the records of [[revenue]], patta/chitta details of the Kethureddipatti [[Revenue Village]]<br />
<br />
=== Registrar Office ===<br />
Nearby sub-registrar office is located at Kadathur.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/sub+registrar+office,+kadathur/@12.0884708,78.2892895,18z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x3bac13524fa84ccb:0x75cb28a1ff5fdec7!8m2!3d12.0880913!4d78.2895131 | title=Sub registrar office, kadathur · 37QQ+6QG, Kadathur, Tamil Nadu 635303, India }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Post office ===<br />
Kethureddipatti has one [[Sub-post office|Sub-Post office]] which has a branch office at Buddireddipatti.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kethureddipatti+Post+Office/@12.0205862,78.2989419,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3bac6d90c27e0499:0x9ba301ea33ecf939!8m2!3d12.0205862!4d78.3011306 | title=Kethureddipatti Post Office · 28C2+6FJ, Kettureddipatty, Tamil Nadu 635302, India }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Common Service Center (CSC) ===<br />
It has two [[Common Service Centres|common service centers]] (CSC) at kethureddipatti. Nearby CSC Center is located at Talanatham.<br />
<br />
=== Police service ===<br />
Kethureddipatti comes under the Kadathur C-3 [[Police Station]] Circle. Another nearby Police Station is C-6 Police Station, Nadur, Bommidi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Police Station {{!}} Dharmapuri District, Government of Tamil Nadu {{!}} India |url=https://dharmapuri.nic.in/public-utility-category/police-station/ |access-date=2022-08-09 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* Kethureddipatti<br />
*[[Kadathur]]<br />
* [[Kadathur Block|Kadathur block]]<br />
* [[Bommidi]]<br />
* [[Pappireddipatti]]<br />
* [[Dharmapuri]]<br />
* [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri District]]<br />
* [[:ta:கேத்துரெட்டிபட்டி|கேத்துரெட்டிபட்டி]]<br />
* [[:ta:கேத்துரெட்டிபட்டி ஊராட்சி|கேத்துரெட்டிபட்டி ஊராட்சி]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --><br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Dharmapuri district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Dharmapuri district]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2015_Guru_Granth_Sahib_desecration_controversy&diff=4825042015 Guru Granth Sahib desecration controversy2025-11-25T05:17:48Z<p>Pruthviraj: creating initial details basic info - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}<br />
The '''2015 Guru Granth Sahib desecration''' (also known as the ''2015 Sri Guru Granth Sahib sacrilege'')<ref name="HolyBook-FP"/> refers to a series of [[desecration]] incidents of the ''Sikh Guru'' [[Guru Granth Sahib]]<ref name="Explained-FP"/> and subsequent protests that took place in [[Punjab, India]] in October 2015, although it is known as the 2015 Guru Granth Sahib desecration it started from 2014 and continued until 2021.<ref name="Protest-ET"/> The first incident of desecration was reported from [[Bargari, Faridkot|Bargari]], [[Faridkot district]], where 110 torn Angs (pages) of the holy Book were found on 12 October.<ref name="FoundTorn-Tribune"/> On the early morning of 14 October, two Sikhs were protesting and were shot dead by the police.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Garg |first=Balwant |date=14 October 2015 |title=2 dead in Kotkapura police firing |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/2-dead-in-kotkapura-police-firing-146172 |quote=Two Sikh activists were killed and over 50 others injured in clashes with the police following the desecration of Guru Granth Sahib ‘bir’ at Kotkapura early this morning.}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Events==<br />
===Initial events===<br />
On the afternoon of 1 June 2015, the [[Guru Granth Sahib]], the Sikh holy scripture, was taken from a [[gurdwara]] in a village called Burj Jawahar Singh Wala in [[Faridkot district]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]. On 5 June, several Sikh leaders, including Baljit Singh Daduwal, gave an ultimatum to the police to find the culprits. On 11 June, members of various Sikh religious organisations held a protest in the village accusing the police of inaction. They tried to [[gherao]] (surround) the local police station. A large police unit was deployed to prevent it and 17 Sikhs were critically injured and taken to a nearby hospital due to '[[Baton charge|Lathi Charges]]' from the police.<ref name="Inaction-Tribune">{{cite news|title=Theft of 'bir': Daduwal alleges police inaction, leads protest|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/theft-of-bir-daduwal-alleges-police-inaction-leads-protest/92812.html|access-date=19 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|date=11 June 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
On the morning of 12 October 2015, more than 110 Angs of the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] were found lying on the ground in front of a [[gurdwara]] in Bargari, [[Faridkot district]]. The residents of the town and nearby villages declared a [[bandh]]. The members of some Sikh religious organisation arrived in the town and in the evening a protest march carrying the torn Angs was held. In nearby [[Kotkapura]], protestors blocked a major highway intersection. Large numbers of police personnel were deployed to prevent violence. The protestors refused to unblock the highways, despite requests from the local police chiefs, demanding that the perpetrators to be arrested.<ref name="FoundTorn-Tribune">{{cite news|title=Tension in Faridkot town after Angs(limbs) of holy Guru found torn|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/tension-in-faridkot-town-after-Angs-of-holy-Guru-found-torn/145307.html|access-date=19 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|date=13 October 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Other incidents and protests===<br />
Between 13 and 16 October 2015, several more incidents of desecration were reported from various places in Punjab.<ref name="Explained-FP">{{cite news|title=Explained: The Guru Granth Sahib serial desecrations that have sparked protests across Punjab|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/explained-the-guru-granth-sahib-serial-desecrations-that-have-sparked-protests-across-punjab-2477010.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=21 October 2015}}</ref> 35 Angs of the Guru Granth Sahib were found torn in Mishriwala village of [[Ferozepur district]]. When a member of the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]] (SGPC) went to the village to get details, his car was vandalised by the Dalit-Majhabi-Sikh villagers. When he tried to escape on a motorcycle, the villagers also set fire to the motorcycle.<ref name="Conspiracy-IE">{{cite news|title=More desecrations of holy Guru: Conspiracy to disrupt peace, says Punjab CM Badal|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/more-desecrations-of-holy-Guru-conspiracy-to-disrupt-peace-says-punjab-cm-badal/|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=17 October 2015}}{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> 39 Angs of the Gur Granth Sahib were found torn in Bath village in [[Tarn Taran district]].<ref name="Conspiracy-IE"/> Two days later, a protester in the village died of a cardiac arrest during a protest march.<ref name="Tarn-Tribune">{{cite news|title='Bir' desecration: Protesting villager dies in Tarn Taran|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/-bir-desecration-protesting-villager-dies-in-tarn-taran/147527.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|date=18 October 2015}}</ref> In Kohrian village in Faridkot, a 3-inch cut was found 745 Angs of the Guru Granth Sahib. The villagers filed a complaint and decided against escalating the issue.<ref name="Conspiracy-IE"/> In Sarai Naga village in [[Muktsar district]], Angs of a copy of the Panj Granth, a smaller text containing selected verses from the Guru Granth Sahib,<ref name="MalhotraArora2003">{{cite book|author1=R. P. Malhotra|author2=Kuldeep Arora|title=Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Punjabi Literature: A-L|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLAwnSA2uwQC&pg=PA395|year=2003|publisher=Global Vision Publishing House|isbn=978-81-87746-52-2|page=395}}</ref> were found torn.<ref name="Conspiracy-IE"/><ref name="Edge-Scroll">{{cite news|title=Punjab remains on edge as protests mount over desecration of Sikh holy Guru|url=http://scroll.in/article/763468/punjab-remains-on-edge-as-protests-mount-over-desecration-of-sikh-holy-Guru|access-date=21 March 2016|work=Scroll.in|date=20 October 2015}}</ref> In Gadani in [[Nawanshahr]], three Saroops were found burnt. The police managed to keep peace in the region.<ref name="Conspiracy-IE"/> In Kotli Ablu village in Muktsar, a gurdwara caught fire and its Bir of the Guru Granth Sahib were burnt to ashes.<ref name="CopHurt-Tribune"/> In Kohrian village of [[Sangrur district]], some Angs of Guru Granth Sahib were reported torn.<ref name="Sangrur-Tri">{{cite news|title=Torn Angs of 'bir' found in Sangrur village|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/torn-Angs-of-bir-found-in-sangrur-village/146615.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|date=16 October 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 13 October 2015, in Buttar Kalan village in [[Moga district]], protesters clashed with the police. Seven policemen were injured, among them, one received spinal injuries.<ref name="CopHurt-Tribune">{{cite news|title=10 cops hurt in Moga village arson|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/10-cops-hurt-in-moga-village-arson/145741.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|date=14 October 2015}}</ref> On 14 October 2015, around 6000 protesters gathered in Kotkapura and held a peaceful sit-in protest to demand action. In the early morning hours, the police started using [[water cannons]] and [[lathi charge]] to scatter the crowd. They fired some rounds at the mob. Two protesters died in the firing. More than 160 protesters were critically injured in clashes, and 21 policemen were also injured. The [[Inspector General]] of [[Bhatinda]], Jatinder Jain, was among those injured.<ref name="ExchangeFire-Tribune">{{cite news|title=Two killed in Kotkapura as protesters, police exchange fire|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/two-killed-in-kotkapura-as-protesters-police-exchange-fire/145866.html|access-date=19 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|date=14 October 2015}}</ref> The Senior Superintendent of Police of Faridkot, S. S. Mann, said that some of the protestors were armed with sharp weapons and told the government to put a ban on the Sikh Kirpan. The protesters also destroyed 10 vehicles of which 5 belonged to the police.<ref name="TwoDead-Tribune">{{cite news|title=2 dead in Kotkapura police firing|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/community/2-dead-in-kotkapura-police-firing/146172.html|access-date=19 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|date=15 October 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 15 October 2015, the Punjab government announced the formation of a Judicial Commission headed retired [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] judge Zora Singh to investigate the first incident of desecration.<ref name="CommissionProbe-BS">{{cite news|title=Judicial Commission set up to probe sacrilege in Punjab|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/judicial-commission-set-up-to-probe-sacrilege-in-punjab-115101501385_1.html|access-date=22 March 2016|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=15 October 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 16 October 2015, the Deputy Chief Minister of Punjab [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]] ordered the withdrawal of charges against the arrested protesters. He said that they were provoked to act in that manner. He also announced a reward of {{currency|1|INR}} [[crore]] for any information about the culprits.<ref name="WithdrawalCases-Tribune">{{cite news|title=Sukhbir Badal orders withdrawal of cases against protesters|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/community/sukhbir-badal-orders-withdrawal-of-cases-against-protesters/146752.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|date=16 October 2015}}</ref> Also on 16 October, in face of the protests, the [[Akal Takht]] revoked the pardon given to [[Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh]], the leader of [[Dera Sacha Sauda]], on 24 September 2015. He had been accused of [[blasphemy]] by appearing before a congregation while dressed as [[Guru Gobind Singh]] in 2007.<ref name="Akal-HT">{{cite news|title=Akal Takht revokes pardon to Dera head Gurmeet Ram Rahim|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/akal-takht-revokes-pardon-to-dera-head-gurmeet-ram-rahim/story-pUd4GpRu9tDkO9VBwbzKsK.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=17 October 2015}}</ref> Later, the police ruled out the role of Dera Sacha Sauda followers in the incidents saying that all 22 Dera Sacha Sauda followers were mentally unstable.<ref name="HolyBook-FP">{{cite news|title=Holy Guru sacrilege: Punjab police arrest two brothers, suspect Australian connection|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/bargari-village-holy-Guru-sacrilege-punjab-police-arrest-2-brothers-suspect-australian-connection-2476668.html|access-date=22 March 2016|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=21 October 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
The protests spread over the [[Malwa, Punjab|Malwa]] region in Punjab. On 18 October 2015, the protesters blocked one location in every district from morning to afternoon. The protesters were seen carrying black flags, [[placard]]s, [[sword]]s and sticks.<ref name="Protest-ET">{{cite news|title=Sikh protests continue over Guru Granth Sahib's desecration|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sikh-protests-continue-over-guru-granth-sahibs-desecration/articleshow/49438769.cms|access-date=19 March 2016|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=18 October 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
By October 2021 there have been 272 Guru Granth Sahib desecration cases and 12 arrests.<br />
<br />
===Arrests===<br />
On 19 October 2015, Jagdeep Singh, 30, a gurdwara ''granthi'' (priest) was arrested from Nijjapura village in [[Amritsar district]]. He had called the police and told them that three men had entered their gurdwara at night and tore pages of the holy book. However, on interrogation he admitted to lying.<ref name="TwoHeld-Tribune">{{cite news|title='Granthi' among 2 held for sacrilege incidents in Amritsar, Ludhiana|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/-granthi-among-2-held-for-sacrilege-incidents-in-amritsar-ludhiana/147930.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|date=19 October 2015}}</ref> Also on 19 October, a woman Balwinder Kaur, 53, was arrested for alleged desecration of the holy book in Ghawaddi, [[Ludhiana]]. She had allegedly entered the gurdwara early in the morning and desecrated pages of Guru Granth Sahib. She had served in the gurdwara for two decades.<ref name="TwoHeld-Tribune"/> Balwinder later admitted to tearing the pages. Sikandar Singh, a ''sevadar'' (servitor), was charged with destroying evidence.<ref name="SADActivist-Tribune"/><br />
<br />
On 20 October 2015, 10 companies of the central paramilitary forces were deployed across four districts.<ref name="ForcesDeployed-ET">{{cite news|title='Granthi' among 2 held for sacrilege incidents in Amritsar, Ludhiana|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/central-forces-deployed-in-punjab-as-protests-continue/articleshow/49466715.cms|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=20 October 2015}}</ref> Also on 20 October, in Gurusar Mehraj of [[Bathinda district]] another desecration of the holy book was reported. On the same day, in Nagoke of [[Tarn Taran district]] a man was caught by the village attempting to commit desecration of the holy book. He was beaten up and handed over to three members of the Satkar Committee, a vigilante group,<ref name="BeatenUp-IT">{{cite news|title=Elderly Sikhs beaten up for reciting the Guru Granth Sahib|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sikhs-beaten-guru-granth-sahib-gurdwara-punjab-250132-2015-04-24|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[India Today]]|date=25 April 2015}}</ref> and the man later identified as one Malkit Singh, 34, could not be traced by the police.<ref name="ForcesDeployed-ET"/> The same day Deputy Chief Minister [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]] announced that the [[2014 Kabaddi World Cup|World Kabaddi Cup]] that was to be held in Punjab in November has been cancelled.<ref name="KabaddiCancelled-DC">{{cite news|title=Kabaddi World Cup cancelled after violence in Punjab|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/507494/kabaddi-world-cup-cancelled-violence.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=21 March 2015}}</ref> A series of arrests took place on 20 October. A ''granthi'' (priest) Jagdish Singh and his wife Lakhwinder Kaur were arrested from Nijjarpura village in [[Jandiala]] for damaging ''gutkas'' and ''pothis''.<ref name="SADActivist-Tribune">{{cite news|title=SAD 'activist', granthi among five arrested for sacrilege|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/community/sad-activist--granthi-among-five-arrested-for-sacrilege/148145.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|date=20 October 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Also on 20 October 2015, the police said that they arrested two brothers, Rupinder Singh and Jaswinder Singh, of Panjgarayin village in Fardikot for their suspected role in the original desecration in Bargari. The police also said that they had telephone transcripts to prove that they had received funding and instructions from their foreign handlers in Australia and [[Dubai]].<ref name="ForeingHand-Tribune">{{cite news|title=Police uncover foreign hand behind sacrilege|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/police-uncover-foreign-hand-behind-sacrilege/148780.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|date=20 October 2015}}</ref> However, on 22 October, the two callers came forth with their explanations. The caller from Melbourne, Australia, Sukhjit Singh, said that he had sent {{currency|150|AUD}} (about {{currency|7400|INR}}) meant for the people injured in the clashes with the police. Hardip Singh Khalsa, who was a truck driver in Dubai, said that he and some other Sikhs in Dubai had collected {{currency|100,000|INR}} for 4 people injured in the clashes. {{currency|25,000|INR}} of the sum was meant for Rupinder Singh.<ref name="CallerClaim-Tribune">{{cite news|title=Dubai caller's claim 'belies' police theory|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/dubai-caller-s-claim-belies-police-theory/149477.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|date=22 October 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 25 October, two more pages of Guru Granth Sahib were found desecrated in Ghurial, [[Adampur]]. The villagers accused a 50-year-old priest Avtar Singh Tari, and his nephew Ajit Singh of the crime and trashed them. They were rescued and arrested by the police.<ref name="Adampur-Tribune">{{cite news|title=Sacrilege in Adampur; villagers assault SGPC man|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sacrilege-in-adampur-villagers-assault-sgpc-man/150570.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|date=26 October 2015}}</ref> Also on 25 October, Suresh Arora was appointed the new [[Director General of Police]] (DGP) replacing Sumedh Singh Saini.<ref name="DGP-HT">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/sumedh-saini-transferred-suresh-arora-is-punjab-dgp/story-vBIU3mXVjpGTjk0VVglUkK.html|title=Punjab violence: DGP Sumedh Singh Saini shifted by Badal govt|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=25 October 2016|access-date=22 March 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 1 November, the case was handed over to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). The Deputy Chief Minister said that the two brothers, Rupinder Singh and Jaswinder Singh, had refused to undergo a polygraph test. Various Sikh groups demanded their release.<ref name="CBI-Tribune">{{cite news|title=CBI to probe Punjab sacrilege|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/cbi-to-probe-punjab-sacrilege/153404.html|access-date=22 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|date=2 November 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 2 November 2015, the two brothers, Rupinder Singh and Jaswinder Singh, were released from the police custody. They claimed that were tortured by the police to force them to admit to their crime. They said that they actually arrested on 17 October morning, but their arrest was reported only on 20 October. The police denied torturing them.<ref name="HardenStance-Tribune">{{cite news|title=Sikh leaders harden stance as brothers allege police torture|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sikh-leaders-harden-stance-as-brothers-allege-police-torture/154328.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|date=3 November 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Reactions===<br />
====Political reactions====<br />
Also on 18 October, [[Amarinder Singh]] of [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) political party demanded the resignation of Chief Minister Prakash Singh Badal and imposition of [[President's rule]] in Punjab.<ref name="Resignation-DC">{{cite news|title=Congress seeks Punjab CM's resignation, President rule in Punjab|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151017/nation-politics/article/congress-seeks-punjab-cms-resignation-president-rule-punjab|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=18 October 2015}}</ref> On 18 October 2015, [[Ramanjit Singh Sikki]], an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] belonging to INC, resigned in protest.<ref name="MLAQuits-IE">{{cite news|title=Guru Granth Sahib desecration: Congress MLA quits, 3 Akali Dal leaders resign|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/guru-granth-sahib-desecration-congress-mla-quits-3-akali-dal-leaders-resign/|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=19 October 2015}}</ref> Around this time, various politicians resigned from the ruling-party [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] (SAD). They included Mangat Rai Bansal,<ref name="Bansal-Tribune">{{cite news|title=Former MLA Bansal quits Akali Dal, blames govt for unrest|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/former-mla-bansal-quits-akali-dal-blames-govt-for-unrest/148622.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]|date=20 October 2015}}</ref> Rajinder Singh Sidhu,<ref name="SGPCResign-HT">{{cite news|title=Another Nawanshahr SGPC member resigns against recent desecration of bir|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/another-nawanshahr-sgpc-member-resigns-against-recent-desecration-of-bir/story-9scoERK96oXdI7remGPtwO.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=17 October 2015}}</ref> and Jathedar Sukhdev Singh Bhaur.<ref name="MoreSGPC-Tribune">{{cite news|title=4 more SGPC members quit|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/community/4-more-sgpc-members-quit/147786.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|date=18 October 2015}}</ref> Various members of the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]] (SGPC) also submitted their resignations in protest, accusing the government of failing to protect the holy books.<ref name="SGPCmember-Tribune">{{cite news|title=7 SGPC members quit, allege govt failure|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/7-sgpc-members-quit-allege-govt-failure/146716.html|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[The Tribune (India)]]|date=16 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="MoreSGPC-Tribune" /><br />
<br />
====Sikh diaspora====<br />
On 19 October 2015, about 1000 [[Sikhism in Canada|Canadian Sikhs]] held a [[candlelight vigil]] in [[British Columbia]] to mark their protest against the desecrations and the police action in Punjab. Canadian Minister [[Rob Nicholson (politician)|Rob Nicholson]] said that the media blackout and police action against peaceful protestors was appalling. Some symbols of the separatist [[Khalistan movement]] were displayed at the meeting.<ref name="Canada-HT">{{cite news|title=Canada Sikhs protest desecration, 'police repression' in Punjab|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/bc-sikhs-join-protests-against-desecration-of-scriptures-in-punjab/story-pKUPPYCW8qKVXxENW7BdKP.html|access-date=22 March 2016|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=19 October 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 22 October 2015, a group of Sikh protesters gathered in front of the Indian [[High Commissioner (Commonwealth)|High Commission]] in central London to protest the events in Punjab. A small group of protesters turned to violence and a policeman was injured. About 20 protesters were arrested and charged with [[affray]].<ref name="SikhLives-TI-UK">{{cite news|title=Sikh Lives Matter protest: One police officer injured after peaceful protest turns violent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/sikh-lives-matter-protest-one-police-officer-injured-after-peaceful-protest-turns-violent-a6704846.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/sikh-lives-matter-protest-one-police-officer-injured-after-peaceful-protest-turns-violent-a6704846.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription|access-date=21 March 2016|work=[[The Independent (UK)|The Independent]]|date=22 October 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In the US, several Sikh organisation, including American Sikh Council (ASC), North American Punjabi Association (NAPA) and Indian National Overseas Congress (INOC), condemned the desecration and killing of the protesters. They urged the central and state governments to bring the culprits to justice.<ref name="USSikh-ET">{{cite news|title=Sikh-Americans condemn desecration of Sikh holy book in Punjab|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sikh-americans-condemn-desecration-of-sikh-holy-book-in-punjab/articleshow/49490574.cms|access-date=22 March 2016|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=22 October 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Aftermath==<br />
On 20 November 2015, the Punjab Cabinet approved an amendment to the Section 295A of the [[Indian Penal Code]]. The new Section 295AA carried a maximum sentence of life in prison for sacrilege of Guru Granth Sahib.<ref name="LifeTerm-BS">{{cite news|title=Punjab Cabinet approves life term for sacrilege offenders|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/punjab-cabinet-approves-life-term-for-sacrilege-offenders-115111901329_1.html|access-date=22 March 2016|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=19 November 2015}}</ref> The bill was passed on 22 March 2016.<ref name="BringsLaw-IE">{{cite news|title=Punjab brings law: life term for 'sacrilege' of Guru Granth Sahib|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/now-life-imprisonment-for-anyone-who-causes-damage-to-guru-granth-sahib/#comments|access-date=23 March 2016|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=22 March 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sikhism-related controversies]]<br />
[[Category:Sikh politics]]<br />
[[Category:2015 in India]]<br />
[[Category:Controversies in India]]<br />
[[Category:2010s in Punjab, India]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rubina_(actress)&diff=530997Rubina (actress)2025-11-03T03:09:58Z<p>Pruthviraj: started data - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actress (born 1984)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Rubina<br />
| image =<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1984|03|22}}<br />
| birth_place = Chandigarh, India<br />
| website = www.rubina.co.in<br />
| birth_name = Rubina<br />
| years_active = 2001–present<br />
| occupation = Actress, director, writer<br />
}}<br />
'''Rubina''' is an Indian actress, known for her comic roles.<br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
Born on 22 March 1984 in Chandigarh, India, Rubina started her acting career on TV in 2001. She made mark through her stage performances in theater, including performances in Prajit Nayak,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060829/cth2.htm|title = The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Chandigarh Stories}}</ref> Study through Theatre Project<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071216/cth2.htm|title = The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Chandigarh Stories}}</ref> Gaz Foot Inch, Guffaien, Urubhangam, Nagmandal. She debuted in Bollywood Industry with'' [[Namastey London]]'' in 2007<ref>{{cite web|title=The tribune|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20061118/ttlife1.htm}}</ref><br />
<br />
She is also a voiceover and dubbing artist. She wrote the screenplay for Punjabi film ''Yaaran Da Katchup'' in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=PunjabiPortal.com|url=http://www.punjabiportal.com/forum/yaaran-da-katchup-punjabi-movie-mehar-mittal-hardy-sandhu-t13364.html}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
<br />
===Actor===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Role<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2007|| ''[[Namastey London]]'' || Sister-In-Law 3 || Punjabi film <br />
|-<br />
| 2008|| ''[[Jab We Met]]'' || Kareena's Cousin || Hindi film <br />
|-<br />
| 2008|| ''Hashar''|| Dolly || Punjabi film <br />
|-<br />
| 2011|| ''Munde Pataile de''|| Hero's Sister || Punjabi film <br />
|-<br />
| 2013|| ''[[Kismat Love Paisa Dilli]]'' || Metro Girl || Hindi film <br />
|-<br />
| 2013|| ''[[Lucky Di Unlucky Story]]'' || Roshan Prince Wife || Punjabi film <br />
|-<br />
| 2013|| ''[[Bhaji in Problem]]'' || Girl Impersonating Preet || Punjabi film <br />
|-<br />
| 2014|| ''[[Jatt James Bond]]'' || Bank Employee || Punjabi film <br />
|-<br />
|2014<br />
|''[[Tigers (2014 film)|Tigers]]''<br />
|Nurse<br />
|Hindi film<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|nm8026415}}<br />
<br />
{{commons}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rubina}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1984 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daksing%E2%80%93Taliha_Assembly_constituency&diff=495379Daksing–Taliha Assembly constituency2025-10-02T22:33:29Z<p>Pruthviraj: new bio.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Daksing–Taliha<br />
| type= SLA<br />
| state = Arunachal Pradesh<br />
| established = 1978<br />
| abolished = 1984<ref>{{cite web |url=https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/03_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201950.pdf|access-date=19 February 2024|archive-date=19 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219182705/https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/03_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201950.pdf|format=pdf|title=THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1950}}</ref><br />
| electors = 11,119<br />
| mla = Punji Mara<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| constituency_no =<br />
| latest_election_year = [[1984 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1984]]<br />
| district =<br />
| loksabha_cons =<br />
| reservation =<br />
}}<br />
'''Daksing–Taliha''' or '''Taksing–Taliha''' was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]].<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Election<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
| [[1978 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Tara Payeng || {{Full party name with color|People's Party of Arunachal}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1980 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || rowspan=2 | Punji Mara || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1984 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1984]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
===Assembly Election 1984 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Daksing-Taliha<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1984 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReport%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%2084.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820040016/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReport%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%2084.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Punji Mara |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,504 |percentage=43.06% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tara Payeng |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,844 |percentage=34.95% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tache Nalo |party=Independent politician |votes=1,790 |percentage=22.00% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=660 |percentage=8.11% |change= {{decrease}}3.62 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,138 |percentage=77.79% |change= {{increase}}7.50 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,119 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.94 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{decrease}}12.81 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1980 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Daksing-Taliha<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportArunachal%20Pradesh%201980.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106193245/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportArunachal%20Pradesh%201980.pdf|archive-date=6 January 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Punji Mara |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=3,292 |percentage=55.86% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tara Payeng |party=People's Party of Arunachal |votes=2,601 |percentage=44.14% |change={{increase}}11.56 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=691 |percentage=11.73% |change= {{increase}}9.47 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,893 |percentage=71.01% |change= {{decrease}}3.38 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,971 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.79 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (I) |loser=People's Party of Arunachal |swing= {{increase}}23.29 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1978 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Daksing-Taliha<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%2078.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613112141/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%2078.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tara Payeng |party=People's Party of Arunachal |votes=1,908 |percentage=32.58% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pakda Mayeng |party=Independent politician |votes=1,776 |percentage=30.32% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Taw Choker |party=Independent politician |votes=1,495 |percentage=25.53% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tajen Sengdu |party=Janata Party |votes=678 |percentage=11.58% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=132 |percentage=2.25% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,857 |percentage=72.15% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,480 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=People's Party of Arunachal |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Arunachal Pradesh}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{ArunachalPradesh-geo-stub}}</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poojappura_Central_Prison&diff=525929Poojappura Central Prison2025-09-06T11:07:18Z<p>Pruthviraj: started info - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Prison in India}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=July 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox Prison<br />
| prison_name = Central Prison & Correctional Home, Poojappura<br />
| image = [[File:Central Prison and Correctional Home, Poojappura.jpg|250px]]<br />
| location = [[Poojappura]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| status = Operational<br />
| classification = Central Prison and Correctional Home<br />
| capacity = 727<br />
| population = 1400 (average daily lockup)<br />
| population date =<br />
| opened = 1886<br />
| closed = <br />
| managed_by = [[Kerala Prisons and Correctional Services]] Government of Kerala<br />
| director = Director General of Prisons and Correctional Services<br />
| state = Kerala<br />
| postcode = 695012<br />
| country = India<br />
| website = {{url|https://www.keralaprisons.gov.in/central-prison-poojappura.html}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Central Prison and Correctional Home, Poojappura''', also known as "'''Poojappura Central Jail'''", or "'''Central Prison, Thiruvananthapuram'''", is a jail in [[Poojappura]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in the Indian state of [[Kerala]]. It was established in1886 as a part of [[Travancore]]<ref name="history">{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralaprisons.gov.in/images/stories/pdf/cptvm.pdf|title=Central Prison Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram – 695012|last=|first=|date=February 2, 2010|website=www.keralaprisons.gov.in|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-01-12}}{{dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It is one of three Kerala prisons along with [[Central Prison, Kannur|Kannur]] and [[Central Prison, Viyyur|Thrissur]].<br />
[[File:Poojappura Jail Chappathi - പൂജപ്പുര ജയിൽ ചപ്പാത്തി 01.jpg|thumb|Poojappura Chapati Sales Center]]<br />
<br />
== Notable inmates ==<br />
*[[Vaikom Muhammad Basheer]] – activist and writer; released in 1943<br />
*Dharmarajan – convicted in the [[Suryanelli rape case]]<br />
*[[Ripper Jayanandan|K.P. Jayanandan]] – serial killer; escaped and was recaptured in 2013<br />
*[[Kayamkulam Kochunni]] – legendary outlaw; possibly<br />
*[[Rosamma Punnoose]] – activist and politician; was arrested along with her sister; was released in 1942<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Kerala}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Prisons in Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Thiruvananthapuram]]<br />
[[Category:1886 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Prisons completed in the 1880s]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=T._S._Venkannaiah&diff=539153T. S. Venkannaiah2025-08-15T13:09:46Z<p>Pruthviraj: starting the article w/ refs</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian author and educator (1941–2012)}}<br />
{{distinguish|T. S. Venkannayya}}<br />
{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{no footnotes|date=October 2018}}<br />
{{Primary sources|date=February 2011}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --><br />
|name = TS Venkannaiah (Nephew)<br />
|image = TSV1.jpg<br />
|caption = Venakannaiah<br />
|pseudonym = TSV<br />
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1941|11|17|df=y}}<br />
|birth_place = [[Shimoga]], [[Shimoga District]], [[Karnataka State]], India<br />
|death_date = {{death date and age|2012|06|13|1941|11|17|df=y}}<br />
|death_place = [[Sringeri]], Karnataka<br />
|occupation = Writer, professor<br />
|nationality = <br />
|genre =<br />
|subject = Sanskrit<br />
|website = {{url|Venkannaiah.blogspot.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Taluku Shamarao Venkannaiah''' (17 November 1941 – 14 June 2012) was an Indian author and educator. Venkannaiah was born in Shimoga [[Shimoga district]] to a native [[Telugu language|Telugu]] family. He was named after his father's elder brother [[T. S. Venkannayya]]. Residing at Sringeri he had served as principal in JCBM College of Sringeri, Chikmagalur Dist, Karnataka State, South India.<br />
<br />
He was a Sanskrit professor in JCBM college Sringeri. He translated many works and was a chief editor of magazines like ''Bhamathi'' (JCBM College magazine which won awards for many consecutive years during his time as editor), monthly ''Sadguru's Blessings'' of Harihara Pura Mat, and Seva Sadana of Gubbi Chidambarashram for many years. His translations include [[Will Durant]]'s greatest work the ''History of Greece'' volume 9. He served as Sringeri Taluk Kannada Sahitya Parishat president.<br />
<br />
== Education and career ==<br />
Venkannaiah studied his primary and secondary education in Shimoga and later on moved to Mysore for higher studies. He completed his MA in Sanskrit from Mysore University in 1963 and worked as sub-editor in Adult Education Council, Mysore for six months and started his career as a high school teacher in Deshiya Vidyashala from 1964 to 1965. On 8 July 1965 he became a lecturer in JCBM College in Srigeri (the Sharada Peetham). He retired as principal of the same college on 30 November 1999.<br />
<br />
==Works and message==<br />
<br />
For his works Venkannaiah was awarded Sahitya Siri by Kannada Sahitya parishat. He was against meaningless practices and [[rituals]], and he was for true understandings of spiritual texts. His words are expressed in his commemoration volume ''Sahrudayi''. Venkannaiah's writings vary from Sanskrit works to English and Telugu works.<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
[[File:Venkannaiah TS.jpg|thumb|The thirst for knowledge was insatiable]]<br />
<br />
=== Sanskrit to Kannada ===<br />
* Sri Shankara's Bhajagovindam with special explanation<br />
* Bharatiyare ecchara: Sri Dayananda sarasvati's Points to Ponder<br />
* Upadesha Shatakam – Poet Gumani<br />
* Six small story collection of Dharma Neeti and Subhashitagalannu<br />
* Guruvamsha Kavya – Sri Kashi Lakshmana Shastri's<br />
* Shrividyeya Sarasarvasva – Mahamanustava – by Kavya Kanta Ganapathi Shastri<br />
* Somadeva's Kathasarithsagara 12–18 chapter translation to Kannada<br />
<br />
=== English to Kannada ===<br />
* Adyatmika sanjeevini – Swami Paramananda's Spiritual Healing<br />
* Dhyanada acharane – swami rutajananda's Practice of meditation<br />
* Bharatiyare ecchara – Sri Dayananda sarasvati's Points to Ponder<br />
* Bhavanatmaka prabuddhate – Swami Dayananda sarasvati's Emotional Maturity<br />
* Kristano krishnano – Sri Manoj Rakshit – Christ or Krishna<br />
* Katha Kusuma – Sri Abhinava Vidyatirtha – Edifying parables<br />
* On Avatara Meharbaba's jeevana sadhane mattu upadesha 4 kiruhottigegalu Kannada<br />
* Wildurant's story of civilization 1 – 2 volumes- selected parts translation<br />
* Wildurant's story of civilization 9 vol complete translation<br />
* Ashayagalu mattu munnotagalu – k n munshi views and vistas<br />
* Hindu Adarshagalu – K Balasubrahmanya Aiyyar's – Hindu Ideals<br />
* Eivaru sahodararu – K N Munshi's The Five Brothers Part III<br />
<br />
=== Telugu to Kannada ===<br />
* Vedanthaa Kathavali part 1 – Shri Vidyaprakashanandagiri<br />
* Vedantha Kathavali part −2 – Shri Vidyaprakashanandagiri<br />
* Jeevana charitre "Late TS venkannaiah's Life history)<br />
* Sri Sharada Peetha (Introduction to Sringeri Mahasamstana)<br />
<br />
=== Edited works ===<br />
<br />
* Kavya Pallava Kavana Sankalana Published by Sringeri Kannada Sahitya Parishat<br />
* Seva Vishwa – Gubbi Chidambarashrama Seva Sadana Monthly magazine's 50th years Special edition<br />
* Shatamanada Kavi Kuvempu – Kuvempu janma shatamanotsa's edition)<br />
* Sankeerna – Vakrokti Siddhanta – Ondu Vishleshane (an analysis)<br />
* Vishva Kosha of Mysore University<br />
<br />
=== Other works ===<br />
<br />
* More than 30 articles in many commemoration volumes and other special editions<br />
* Preface to five Kavana sankalanas, three Katha Sankalanas, three Kadambaris, Bhakti Geethe, and stotra Grantha<br />
<br />
===Editorial works===<br />
* Gubbi "Sevasadana" 10 years since<br />
* "Sadguru's Blessings" – English monthly of Sri hariharapura Temple from 2003 September to April 2011<br />
* For 27 years worked as editor for JCBM College magazine "Bhamati"<br />
<br />
===Biography===<br />
* Sahrudayi (Commemoration volume) (Released on 3 March 2011 on attaining his 70th birthday by Mallepuram G Venkatesh -the first vice chancellor of Sanskrit University and published by Talukina Venkannaiah prakashana and Sharada Prakashana)<br />
* Ta Sha Venkannaiah Marunenapu (Recollecting TSV) on the occasion of his death ceremony<br />
<br />
===Awards===<br />
* Sahitya Siri: On the occasion of 9th district Kannada Sahitya Sammelana on 22 May 2011 at Chikmagalur, Karnataka State, Sri TS Venkannaiah was awarded "Sahitya Siri" in recognition of his service to literature.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[:kn:ತ.ಸು.ಶಾಮರಾವ್|Father of TS Venkannaiah – TS Shamarao]]<br />
* [[:kn:ತಳುಕಿನ ವೆಂಕಣ್ಣಯ್ಯ|Paternal Uncle of TSV Prof T. S. Venkannaiah]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using<ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|TS Venkannaiah}}<br />
* [https://www.Venkannaiah.blogspot.com/ Official website of Venkannaiah TS]<br />
* [http://wikimapia.org/1518667/Sri-J-C-B-M-College/ JCBM College location]<br />
* [http://www.jcbmcollege.org Sri JCBM sringeri College website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220123509/http://www.jcbmcollege.org/ |date=20 December 2014 }}<br />
* [http://www.jcbmcollege.org/contact-us/ JCBM college Contact form] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327223615/http://www.jcbmcollege.org/contact-us/ |date=27 March 2012 }}<br />
* [http://kanaja.in/?tribe_events=%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A-%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF-%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D-%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF/ Thalukina Venkannaiah Paternal uncle of TSV ]<br />
* Thalukina Mahanubavaru [http://www.bangalorefirst.in/?p=10907]<br />
* [http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?234370 Kuvempu's teacher Taluku Subbanna Venkannaiah]<br />
* [http://www.chitharadurga.com/Legends/10_T_S_Venkannaiah.html The legend Talukina Subbanna Venkannaiah]<br />
* [http://www.classicalkannada.org/DataBase/KannwordHTMLS/CLASSICAL%20KANNADA%20SCHOLARS%20HTML/VENKANNAIAH%20T.S.%20HTML.htm Talukina Subbanna Venkannaiah]<br />
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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Venkannaiah T. S.}}<br />
[[Category:1941 births]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Kannada-language writers]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu writers]]<br />
[[Category:Educators from Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]<br />
[[Category:2012 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Sanskrit writers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian editors]]<br />
[[Category:People from Shimoga]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palakkad_North&diff=523824Palakkad North2025-07-21T05:25:18Z<p>Pruthviraj: started post</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Palakkad North<br />
|image_skyline = Palakkad City View.jpg<br />
|image_caption = Palakkad city view from Puthupariyaram<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|11.14135|75.82970|display=inline}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = State<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]<br />
| population_demonym = Palakkadan<br />
| demographics_type1 = Language<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = Postal Index Number<br />
| postal_code = <br />
| area_code = [[Telephone numbers in India|+91-(0)491]]<br />
| registration_plate = KL-09<br />
}}<br />
'''Palakkad North''' is a region in [[Palakkad]] city consisting of the northern suburbs of the city. These areas can be treated as both commercial and residential areas of the city.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-10-28 |title=Rising concern over conduct of Kalpathy car festival in Palakkad |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/rising-concern-over-conduct-of-kalpathy-car-festival-in-palakkad/article37216052.ece |access-date=2022-10-09 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Shaji |first=K. a |date=2017-11-19 |title=Sabari Ashram on recovery mode |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/sabari-ashram-on-recovery-mode-thanks-to-govt-intervention/article20555705.ece |access-date=2022-10-09 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Shaji |first=K. a |date=2015-10-10 |title=A village with its unique solution to heal wounds |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/a-village-with-its-unique-solution-to-heal-wounds/article7749092.ece |access-date=2022-10-09 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Many of the institutions of the city forms part of Palakkad North.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-18 |title=World Heritage Day: Palakkad railway division showcases narrow gauge locomotive |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/palakkad-division-showcases-narrow-gauge-locomotive/article65332450.ece |access-date=2022-10-09 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> There is a North Police Station located on Market Road, [[Vadakkanthara]]. The Palakkad North Police Station was formed and opened in the year 1913.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in/page/town-north-police-station | title=Official Website of Palakkad - Town North Police Station }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Suburbs==<br />
*[[Akathethara]] <br />
*[[Ayyapuram]]<br />
*[[Fort Maidan]]<br />
*[[Jainamedu]]<br />
*[[Kallekkad]]<br />
*[[Kallekulangara]]<br />
*[[Kalpathy]] <br />
*[[Melamuri]]<br />
*[[Mepparamba]]<br />
*[[Mundur, Palakkad|Mundur]]<br />
*[[Olavakkode]]<br />
*[[Pirayiri]]<br />
*[[Puthuppariyaram, Palakkad|Puthuppariyaram]]<br />
*[[Puthur (Palakkad)|Puthur]]<br />
*[[Palakkad Railway Colony|Railway Colony]]<br />
*[[Sekharipuram]] <br />
*[[Vadakkanthara]]<br />
<br />
==Facilities==<br />
Map view of facilities in and around Palakkad <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1zOLHgGuZQnZrN7d1PPs1RZ0irnHyUJ4&usp=sharing |title=Map View of Facilities in and around Palakkad}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Things to do==<br />
Map view of things to do in and around palakkad <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1jolv005WlHGEy3jPOzCmGNMhS-sGFGM&usp=sharing |title=Map View of Things to do in and around Palakkad}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Palakkad South]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Palakkad district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Palakkad]]<br />
[[Category:Suburbs of Palakkad]]<br />
[[Category:Cities and towns in Palakkad district]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chawk_Mosque,_Murshidabad&diff=493740Chawk Mosque, Murshidabad2025-06-19T09:56:05Z<p>Pruthviraj: </p>
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<div>{{short description|Mosque in Murshidabad, West Bengal, India}}<br />
{{About|the mosque in Murshidabad, India|the mosque in Dhaka|Chawk Mosque, Dhaka}}<br />
{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{more refs|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{Sources exist|date=June 2022}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox religious building<br />
| name = Chawk Mosque<br />
| image = Chawk Masjid - Murshidabad - West Bengal - DSC0004.jpg<br />
| image_upright = 1.4<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = The mosque, in 2019<br />
| map_type = India West Bengal<br />
| map_size = 250<br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_relief = 1<br />
| map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[West Bengal]]<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|24.185296|88.27107|region:IN-WB_type:landmark|format=dms|display=title,inline}}<br />
| coordinates_footnotes = <br />
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]<br />
| locale = <br />
| location = [[Hazarduari Palace]] complex, [[Murshidabad]], [[West Bengal]]<br />
| deity = <br />
| rite = <br />
| sect = <br />
| tradition = <br />
| festival = <!-- or | festivals = --><br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| administration = <br />
| consecration_year = <br />
| organisational_status = [[Mosque]]<!-- or | organizational_status = --><br />
| functional_status = Active<br />
| heritage_designation = <br />
| ownership = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| leadership = <br />
| bhattaraka = <br />
| patron = <br />
| religious_features_label = <br />
| religious_features = <br />
| architect = Shaikh Khalilallah<br />
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}<br />
| architecture_style = [[Architecture of Bengal|Bengali]] [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]]<br />
| founded_by = Munny Begum<br />
| creator = <br />
| funded_by = <br />
| general_contractor = <br />
| established = <br />
| groundbreaking = <br />
| year_completed = {{start date and age|1767}}<br />
| construction_cost = <br />
| date_demolished = <!-- or | date_destroyed = --><br />
| facade_direction = <br />
| capacity = <br />
| length = {{cvt|38|m}}<br />
| width = <br />
| width_nave = <br />
| interior_area = <br />
| height_max = <br />
| dome_quantity = Seven<br />
| dome_height_outer = <br />
| dome_height_inner = <br />
| dome_dia_outer = <br />
| dome_dia_inner = <br />
| minaret_quantity = Two<br />
| minaret_height = <br />
| spire_quantity = <br />
| spire_height = <br />
| site_area = <br />
| temple_quantity = <br />
| monument_quantity = <br />
| shrine_quantity = <br />
| inscriptions = <br />
| materials = <br />
| elevation_m = <!-- or | elevation_ft = --><br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| nrhp = <br />
| designated = <br />
| added = <br />
| refnum = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| website = {{URL|murshidabad.net/history/places-topic-places-zone-three.htm}}<br />
| module = <br />
}}<br />
The '''Chawk Mosque''', also known as the '''Chawk Masjid''' and also as the '''Chowk Shahi Masjid''', is a [[mosque]] located in the [[Hazarduari Palace]] complex at [[Murshidabad]], in the state of [[West Bengal]], India. The Chawk Mosque was founded in 1767 [[Common Era|CE]] by Munny Begum, the wife of [[Mir Jafar|Nawab Mir Zafar]], on the banks of the [[Hooghly River|Bhagirathi River]]. Earlier in this place, Nawab [[Murshid Quli Khan]] built the "''Chahel Sutan''", which was the city's forty pillared audience hall. The mosque still recalls the stories of the ruling days of the [[Nawabs of Bengal|Nawabs]] and still holds on its glory of the past.<br />
<br />
== Architecture ==<br />
The mosque was founded by Munny Begum, the wife of Nawab Mir Zafar in 1767 CE, and was built under the supervision of Shaikh Khalilallah. Earlier on this venue Nawab [[Murshid Quli Khan]] built the "''Chahel Sutan''", which was the city's forty pillared audience hall. The mosque still recalls the stories of the ruling days of the [[Nawabs of Bengal|Nawabs]] and still holds on its glory of the past. The mosque is located in the [[Hazarduari Palace#Kila Nizamat|Nizamat Fort Area]] near the [[Hazarduari Palace]] and its other nearby buildings.<br />
<br />
This mosque was of great importance in the [[Nawab]]i era as Munny Begum was a favourite of [[Robert Clive]] and [[Warren Hastings]] in terms of her lavish distribution. She in turn received several gifts; one was a palanquin which could accommodate 30 people from Rani Bhavani. Munny Begum had her allowances separately assigned. Thus, she was a ''Gaddinashin Begum''. There have been several other [[Begum]]s who have been a ''Gaddinashin Begum'', like Babbu Begum another wife of Nawab Mir Zafar, she was on a receipt of {{Indian Rupees}}8000 per month while Munny Begum received {{Indian Rupees}} 12000. There have been more such ''Gaddinashin Begums''. Munny Begum had done several acts of munificence to the [[East India Company]] and their servants. On her death a salute was fired by the Government corresponding to the number of years of her age as she was always viewed with cordial regard and has a distinguished consideration to the Government of the East India Company.{{cn|date=March 2025}}<br />
<br />
The mosque has a majestic and grand appearance, completed in the traditional [[Architecture of Bengal|Bengali]] [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] architectural style. The {{convert|38|m|ft|adj=mid|-long}} mosque features seven hemispherical domes, with the central dome standing taller than the others.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aroundus.com/p/11596542-chawk-masjid |title=Chawk Masjid, Islamic mosque in Murshidabad, India |work=AroundUs.com |date=25 November 2024 |access-date=1 March 2025 }}</ref> There are five domes mosque on the [[pediment]] and two ''chau-chala-end-vaults'' at the two corners at the side of the mosque. The exterior and the interior of the mosque are decorated with intricate [[stucco]] decorations with floral motifs and [[arabesque]]s across its [[façade]]. Five gates passing through arched gateways lead in front of this grand mosque. There are several shops around so this place is known as the ''"Chawk"'' (shopping place or market, square in shape). This market is the principal market of the city of Murshidabad.<br />
<br />
, following traditional elements<br />
<br />
==Festivals==<br />
Earlier this mosque usually used to remain closed throughout the year. But nowadays, daily five-time prayers are led by the Imam of the Masjid and a large number of people attend the daily obligatory prayers. For prominent occasions like [[Eid al-Adha]], [[Eid ul-Fitr]], [[Eid al-Ghadir]] the mosque is decorated and whitewashed to welcome the people of the town. Earlier a single gun was fired from the [[Hazarduari Palace]] and several other guns were fired from several other places - one was fired from here - to proclaim the different intervals of the hours for the meals and prayers during the great fast of [[Ramadan|Ramzan]].<br />
<br />
== Gallery ==<br />
<gallery><br />
Chawk Masjid, Murshidabad.jpg|An elevated view of the mosque in 2018<br />
Chawk Masjid - Chawk Bazaar - Murshidabad 2017-03-28 5906-5908.tif|Chawk Masjid<br />
Chawk Masjid.jpg|An old photo of the Chawk Masjid, by C.B. Asher<br />
Chak Masjid at Murshidabad.jpg|Chawk Masjid<br />
Nizamat Fort Campus.JPG|A map of the [[Hazarduari Palace#Kila Nizamat|Nizamat Fort Campus]] (excluding [[Wasef Manzil]], Dakshin Darwaza or the South Gate of the campus, Nawab Bahadur's Institution and the South Zurud Mosque) showing the [[Nizamat Imambara]] in yellow and other buildings surrounding it, like the Madina Mosque, the [[Hazarduari Palace]], Chawk Masjid, [[Bacchawali Tope]], the clock tower, Shia Complex and the Zurud Mosque (north).<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}<br />
* [[Islam in India]]<br />
* [[List of mosques in India]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{commons category-inline|Chawk Masjid (Murshidabad)}}<br />
<br />
{{Mosques in India}}<br />
{{Tourist attractions in Murshidabad}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1767 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:18th-century mosques in India]]<br />
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in India]]<br />
[[Category:Mosque buildings with minarets in India]]<br />
[[Category:Mosques completed in the 1760s]]<br />
[[Category:Mosques in Murshidabad]]<br />
[[Category:Mughal mosques]]<br />
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1767]]<br />
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Murshidabad]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Azizur_Rahman_Chowdhury&diff=456880Azizur Rahman Chowdhury2025-03-05T20:16:26Z<p>Pruthviraj: further correct references as per guidelines and added references for clarity</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Bangladeshi politician (1946–2011)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Azizur Rahman Chowdhury<br />
| office = Member of Bangladesh Parliament<br />
| term_start = <br />
| term_end = <br />
| predecessor = <br />
| successor = <br />
| birth_date = 1946<br />
| birth_place = [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Dinajpur]]<br />
| death_date = 30 May 2011<br />
| death_place = [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Dinajpur]]<br />
| party = [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]]<br />
| native_name = আজিজুর রহমান চৌধুরী<br />
| native_name_lang = bn<br />
}}<br />
'''Azizur Rahman Chowdhury''' (1946–2011)<ref>{{Cite news |title= |date=31 May 2011 |script-title=bn:সাবেক সংসদ সদস্য অধ্যক্ষ আজিজুর রহমান চৌধুরীর ইন্তিকাল |url=http://www.dailysangram.com/?post=54808-সাবেক-সংসদ-সদস্য-অধ্যক্ষ-আজিজুর-রহমান-চৌধুরীর-ইন্তিকাল |access-date=28 October 2019 |work=[[The Daily Sangram]] |language=bn}}</ref> was a politician of the [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]] and a member of parliament for [[Dinajpur-6]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Dinajpur-6 - Constituency detail of Bangladesh General Election 2018 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/seats?s=Dinajpur-6&d=rangpur |work=The Daily Star |date=25 November 2018 |language=en |access-date=27 October 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Azizur Rahman Chowdhury was born in 1946 in Professorpara of Birampur Upazila of Dinajpur District, Bangladesh. He was the principal of Bijul Darul Huda Kamil Post Graduate Madrasa for a long time. Chowdhury was elected to the parliament from Dinajpur-6 as a candidate of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami in 1991 and 2001.<ref name="votemonitor">{{cite web |url=http://votemonitor.net:80/bangladesh/EADetails_1991_1996_2001.php?EA=11 |title=Parliament Election Result of 1991, 1996, 2001 Bangladesh Election Information and Statistics |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=Vote Monitor Networks |access-date=27 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224222901/http://votemonitor.net/bangladesh/EADetails_1991_1996_2001.php?EA=11 |archive-date=24 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Death==<br />
Aziz died on 30 May 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-187963 |title=Azizur Rahman |date=31 May 2011 |work=The Daily Star |language=en |access-date=28 October 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhury, Azizur Rahman}}<br />
[[Category:1946 births]]<br />
[[Category:2011 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:People from Dinajpur District, Bangladesh]]<br />
[[Category:Politicians from Rangpur Division]]<br />
[[Category:Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami politicians]]<br />
[[Category:5th Jatiya Sangsad members]]<br />
[[Category:8th Jatiya Sangsad members]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Rangpur-politician-stub}}</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madhupuri,_Bewar&diff=514478Madhupuri, Bewar2025-01-09T08:10:18Z<p>Pruthviraj: article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Madhupuri<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = Village<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_map = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|27.15607|N|79.37122|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhongaon]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/><br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 2.938<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 1649<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/><br />
| demographics_type1 = <br />
| demographics1_title1 = <br />
| demographics1_info1 = <br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 206301<br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Madhupuri''' ({{IAST|Madhupurī}}) is a village in [[Bewar, Mainpuri|Bewar]] block of [[Mainpuri district]], Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it had a population of 1,649, in 879 households.<br />
<br />
== Demographics ==<br />
As of 2011, Madhupuri had a population of 1,649, in 879 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|200}} This population was 53.3% male (879) and 46.7% female (770).<!-- Census 2011 B, p. 148 --> The 0-6 age group numbered 227 (122 male and 105 female), or 13.8% of the total population.<!-- Census 2011 B, p. 148 --> 378 residents were members of [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]], or 22.9% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1259/download/4050/DH_2011_0917_PART_B_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|148-9}}<br />
<br />
The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Madhupuri as having a population of 1,035 people, in 171 households.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Mainpuri |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29484/download/32665/28516_1981_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|190-1}}<br />
<br />
The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Madhupuri (as "Madapuri") as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 673 people (359 male and 314 female), in 128 households and 107 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 604 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (24 - Mainpuri District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28772/download/31954/22833_1961_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|xcviii}}<br />
<br />
== Infrastructure ==<br />
As of 2011, Madhupuri had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 200-1 --> Drinking water was provided by tap and hand pump; there were no public toilets.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 202 --> The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 202, 4 --> Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 205 --><ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1258/download/4046/DH_2011_0917_PART_A_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|200-5}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Mainpuri district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Mainpuri district]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mangrul,_Aurangabad&diff=515933Mangrul, Aurangabad2025-01-08T16:24:39Z<p>Pruthviraj: stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{distinguish|Mangrul, Osmanabad}}<br />
{{Short description|Village in Maharashtra, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
|name = Mangrul<br />
|settlement_type = Village<br />
|image_skyline = <br />
|imagesize = <br />
|image_alt = <br />
|image_caption = <br />
|etymology = <br />
|nickname = <br />
|coordinates = {{coord|20.358279|75.6212774}}<br />
|population_total = <br />
|subdivision_type = Country<br />
|subdivision_name = India <br />
|subdivision_type1 = State<br />
|subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]<br />
|subdivision_type2 = District<br />
|subdivision_name2 = [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad district]]<br />
|website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --><br />
}}<br />
The village of '''Mangrul''' is in [[Sillod]] tehsil in [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad district]] in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]]. As of the 2011 census, it had 788 households and a total population of 3,589.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population finder |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Government of India]] |access-date=8 January 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Aurangabad district, Maharashtra]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Aurangabad-geo-stub}}</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delhi_hotel_fire&diff=458785Delhi hotel fire2024-05-31T11:19:06Z<p>Pruthviraj: corrected page and fixed typos</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[2019 Delhi hotel fire]]<br />
<br />
{{Redirect category shell|<br />
{{R from move}}<br />
}}</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hasanganj&diff=502336Hasanganj2023-12-23T23:36:24Z<p>Pruthviraj: New</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Hasanganj<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = Village<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_map = Hasanganj block map.png<br />
| map_caption = Map of Hasanganj CD block<br />
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|26.774499|N|80.637114|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Search for "Hasanganj" here |title=Geographic Names Search WebApp }}</ref><br />
| subdivision_type = Country India<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Unnao district|Unnao]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/><br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 1.838<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 4658<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/><br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = <br />
| registration_plate = UP-35<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Hasanganj''' is a village and [[tehsil]] headquarters in [[Unnao district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Unnao, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=204–36 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/UPA.html |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref> It is located near [[Mohan, Uttar Pradesh|Mohan]], at a road junction leading to [[Miyanganj]] and [[Rasulabad, Unnao|Rasulabad]].<ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Unao: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XXXVIII Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh |date=1903 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=186–7 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.113180 |access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref> As of 2011, its population is 4,658, in 818 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/><br />
<br />
Hasanganj hosts two fairs: the Jal Bihar cattle fair on [[Bhadra (Hindu calendar)|Bhadra]] Badi 2-4, and the [[Kans Lila]] fair on Bhadra Sudi 3.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (37 - Unnao District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=127, 152–3, 157, lii-liii of section "Hasanganj Tehsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1040/1/21887_1961_UNN.pdf |access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref> At both events, vendors bring sweets, clay toys, and articles of daily use to sell.<ref name="Census 1961"/> Hasanganj also holds a market on Tuesdays and Fridays where grain and vegetables are sold.<ref name="Census 1961"/><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Hasanganj was originally a [[bazaar]] founded by Hasan Raza Khan, a [[naib]] in the service of [[Asaf-ud-Daula]], in the village of Mahadeopur Balamau.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> It became a tehsil headquarters around 1890, replacing [[Mohan, Uttar Pradesh|Mohan]] in this capacity, and the police station was transferred to Hasanganj at the same time.<ref name="Gazetteer"/><br />
<br />
At the turn of the 20th century, Hasanganj was centred around "a wide street lined with trees and shops on both sides."<ref name="Gazetteer"/> It was a minor commercial centre and had, in addition to the tehsil office and police station, a [[dispensary]] and a road bungalow, as well as an upper primary school with 32 students.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Most of the locals were [[Bania (caste)|Banias]] and agriculturalists, and the population in 1901 was 1,310, including a Muslim minority of 255 people.<ref name="Gazetteer"/><br />
<br />
The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Hasanganj as comprising 3 hamlets, with a total population of 1,461 (828 male and 633 female), in 268 households and 245 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961"/> The area of the village was given as 318 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1961"/> Average attendance of the biweekly market was about 400.<ref name="Census 1961"/> Average attendance at both the Jal Bihar and Kans Lila fairs was recorded as 2,000 people.<ref name="Census 1961"/> The police station had a staff of 2 sub-inspectors, 1 head constable, and 14 constables at the time.<ref name="Census 1961"/><br />
<br />
== Villages ==<br />
Hasanganj CD block has the following 156 villages:<ref name="Census 2011"/><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Village name<br />
! Total land area (hectares)<br />
! Population (in 2011)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bahraoni Jahanpur]] || 235.8 || 1,260<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rasulpur Bakiya]] || 750.7 || 4,880<br />
|-<br />
| [[Koro Kalyan]] || 131.7 || 938<br />
|-<br />
| [[Samadpur Bhawa]] || 322.4 || 1,048<br />
|-<br />
| [[Samadpur Hardas]] || 200.8 || 1,610<br />
|-<br />
| [[Haraoni Samsuddinpur]] || 150.4 || 1,193<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sultanapur, Unnao|Sultanapur]] || 87.4 || 573<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dhakwa Jagdishpur]] || 79.9 || 462<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chilaola]] || 111.3 || 612<br />
|-<br />
| [[Faijullapur]] || 89.5 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ghooramu]] || 398 || 1,036<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ahmadpur Wade]] || 154.1 || 1,572<br />
|-<br />
| [[Koraora]] || 464.1 || 1,081<br />
|-<br />
| [[Pichwara]] || 191.4 || 1,227<br />
|-<br />
| [[Pilkhana Rasidpur]] || 301.6 || 1,738<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chandoli Khurd]] || 55.7 || 948<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dhaora]] || 738.5 || 4,333<br />
|-<br />
| [[Matriya]] || 663.1 || 3,025<br />
|-<br />
| [[Aliyarpur]] || 307.5 || 471<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ataullah Nagar]] || 39 || 285<br />
|-<br />
| [[Maljha]] || 335.6 || 999<br />
|-<br />
| [[Koiya Madarpur]] || 520.8 || 1,848<br />
|-<br />
| [[Shanker Pur]] || 649.2 || 2,041<br />
|-<br />
| [[Salkhemau]] || 237.4 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kamalpur, Hasanganj|Kamalpur]] || 120.3 || 951<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mohan, Hasanganj|Mohan]] || 277.3 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rani Khera Jageer]] || 119.5 || 417<br />
|-<br />
| [[Newal Ganj]] || 258.4 || 4,476<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mubarak Ganj]] || 29.6 || 330<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tikait Ganj]] || 30.8 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Khapra Muslim]] || 322 || 1,573<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bagat Nujul]] || 11.9 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Shekhpur Treha]] || 143.3 || 916<br />
|-<br />
| [[Araji Mohan Jageer]] || 10.1 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mohan Khurd Khalsa]] || 81.2 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mohan Khurd Jageer]] || 155.6 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bhogla]] || 169.8 || 1,178<br />
|-<br />
| [[Daudpur, Unnao|Daudpur]] || 157.4 || 698<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mohiuddinpur, Hasanganj|Mohiuddinpur]] || 181.4 || 829<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hajipur Treha]] || 695.3 || 2,408<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chunaoti, Unnao|Chunaoti]] || 217.7 || 798<br />
|-<br />
| [[Unach Gaon]] || 472.3 || 2,153<br />
|-<br />
| [[Unacha Dwara]] || 125.2 || 1,522<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dhawahar]] || 64.5 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bibipur Chiryari]] || 518.2 || 3,144<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sahjanhar]] || 46.7 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ranikhera Khalsa]] || 83.2 || 1,250<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nasratpur Jangalmau]] || 200.5 || 900<br />
|-<br />
| '''Hasanganj''' (block headquarters) || 183.8 || 4,658<br />
|-<br />
| [[Maolbi Khera]] || 45.7 || 560<br />
|-<br />
| [[Fattahpur]] || 46.6 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mirjapur, Hasanganj|Mirjapur]] || 29.5 || 191<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nindemau]] || 368.9 || 1,843<br />
|-<br />
| [[Semra, Unnao|Semra]] || 115 || 707<br />
|-<br />
| [[(Chaklodhosi) Chaklu Davsi]] || 26.3 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Barha Samaspur]] || 193.2 || 1,132<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hajipur Nyotani]] || 72.6 || 238<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dayalpur, Hasanganj|Dayalpur]] || 139.9 || 1,226<br />
|-<br />
| [[Munni Khera]] || 375.1 || 2,189<br />
|-<br />
| [[Barwahar]] || 152.6 || 716<br />
|-<br />
| [[Fareedipur]] || 171.6 || 871<br />
|-<br />
| [[Khapra Bhat]] || 168.4 || 621<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rafigadhi]] || 131 || 1,022<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chhehra]] || 159.6 || 1,038<br />
|-<br />
| [[Moosepur]] || 144.1 || 891<br />
|-<br />
| [[Shekhpur Hasanpur]] || 63.1 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hasanapur]] || 181.5 || 1,518<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hilalmau]] || 137.6 || 849<br />
|-<br />
| [[Saraimalkadim]] || 462.3 || 2,815<br />
|-<br />
| [[Amoiya]] || 122 || 791<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jagdishpur, Hasanganj|Jagdishpur]] || 122.4 || 815<br />
|-<br />
| [[Awagojha]] || 137.6 || 1,184<br />
|-<br />
| [[Panapur Khurd]] || 52.3 || 461<br />
|-<br />
| [[Acchepur Kir Mili]] || 145.5 || 1,037<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dubegarhi]] || 156.3 || 694<br />
|-<br />
| [[Khairabad, Unnao|Khairabad]] || 106.2 || 864<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kayampur Nibkhara]] || 220.9 || 2,032<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mirjapur Bhamau]] || 135.2 || 789<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gospurnatara]] || 63 || 432<br />
|-<br />
| [[Khanpur Surauli]] || 124 || 1,108<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mirapuramarocha]] || 85.8 || 609<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sakaltpur]] || 341.7 || 3,132<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jakhaila]] || 153.5 || 1,159<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mirakpur]] || 55.8 || 179<br />
|-<br />
| [[Pamedhiya]] || 187.1 || 1,335<br />
|-<br />
| [[Prayagpur, Unnao|Prayagpur]] || 55.7 || 101<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sairpur]] || 348 || 2,388<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tegapur]] || 135 || 681<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rahmalinagar]] || 108.7 || 370<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chakkosehari]] || 319.3 || 1,725<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jindaspur]] || 147.1 || 1,218<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hansewa]] || 123.3 || 1,057<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bhanpur, Unnao|Bhanpur]] || 202 || 1,092<br />
|-<br />
| [[Barona Niyamatpur]] || 555 || 3,718<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nijampur Pachgahna]] || 154.5 || 1,163<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gajaffar Nagar]] || 79.2 || 1,238<br />
|-<br />
| [[Maola Bamipur]] || 489.6 || 3,430<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jajoomau]] || 66.6 || 409<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kuraoli, Unnao|Kuraoli]] || 206.1 || 1,470<br />
|-<br />
| [[Adampur Bhansi]] || 192.3 || 978<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ajam Khera]] || 126.6 || 358<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dhopa Jamuriya]] || 476.5 || 1,682<br />
|-<br />
| [[Madanapur, Unnao|Madanapur]] || 135.8 || 836<br />
|-<br />
| [[Makdoompur]] || 235.6 || 755<br />
|-<br />
| [[Semramau]] || 160.7 || 1,214<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sandana]] || 538.7 || 2,583<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kodra, Unnao|Kodra]] || 427 || 2,355<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lakhora]] || 24.7 || 239<br />
|-<br />
| [[Narainpur, Hasanganj|Narainpur]] || 240.1 || 1,793<br />
|-<br />
| [[Karsemau]] || 140.2 || 493<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sighnapur]] || 320 || 1,168<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chandpur Jhalhae]] || 207.6 || 1,112<br />
|-<br />
| [[Oharapur Kodiya]] || 300.7 || 1,048<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bara Bujurg]] || 299.2 || 1,432<br />
|-<br />
| [[Firojabad]] || 148.8 || 912<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sunderpur]] || 221 || 1,123<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sarai Govind]] || 84.2 || 581<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ibrahimpur, Hasanganj|Ibrahimpur]] || 150.2 || 545<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jhalotar]] || 177.7 || 1,990<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nawae]] || 464.3 || 3,085<br />
|-<br />
| [[Paharpur, Hasanganj|Paharpur]] || 75.4 || 350<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jamalpur Gadhi]] || 3 || 517<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lakhnapur]] || 168.8 || 1,015<br />
|-<br />
| [[Salempur, Hasanganj|Salempur]] || 133.6 || 209<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hardhaormau]] || 101.3 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kuthilahar]] || 32.3 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jalalabad, Hasanganj|Jalalabad]] || 151.3 || 38<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bachharamag]] || 152.6 || 0<br />
|-<br />
| [[Shekhpur Bujurg]] || 195.9 || 667<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rampur Bulakidas]] || 29.6 || 464<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gaospur]] || 22.1 || 280<br />
|-<br />
| [[Farhatpur]] || 128.8 || 1,106<br />
|-<br />
| [[Poorabhar Urf Nayotani Gramin]] || 128.6 || 226<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chandoli Bujurg]] || 268.7 || 1,178<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gadan Khera]] || 353 || 1,859<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chandesawa]] || 168.7 || 1,352<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nimadpur]] || 168.7 || 1,551<br />
|-<br />
| [[Newaj Khera]] || 112.9 || 667<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bara Khera]] || 98.7 || 818<br />
|-<br />
| [[Abanpur]] || 60.8 || 479<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tikwamau]] || 90.1 || 562<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ajmat Gadhi]] || 101.5 || 1,186<br />
|-<br />
| [[Adampur Barethi]] || 369.5 || 1,998<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tanda Natoram]] || 120.1 || 509<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rampur Akholi]] || 275.6 || 2,086<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lalpur, Hasanganj|Lalpur]] || 172.3 || 1,181<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kherwa Aladadpur]] || 77.4 || 733<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bagha Mustafabad]] || 74.5 || 537<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nawi Nagar]] || 118.2 || 633<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ismailabad, Unnao|Ismailabad]] || 135.2 || 733<br />
|-<br />
| [[Samadpur Jasmadha]] || 141.2 || 1,384<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jasmadha Babban]] || 257.7 || 1,741<br />
|-<br />
| [[Firojpur Jasmadha]] || 38.3 || 273<br />
|-<br />
| [[Khandwari Sadikpur]] || 205.9 || 947<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jasmadha Ramai]] || 84.2 || 646<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bhatpura]] || 128.5 || 1,341<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Unnao district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Unnao district]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=She_Don%27t_Know_(Millind_Gaba_song)&diff=534758She Don't Know (Millind Gaba song)2023-09-13T20:04:56Z<p>Pruthviraj: created redirect page</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Millind Gaba]]<br />
{{Rcat shell|{{R from song}}}}<br />
[[Category:Songs in Punjabi]]<br />
[[Category:T-Series (company) singles]]<br />
[[Category:2019 singles]]</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dhadha_Bujurg&diff=462771Dhadha Bujurg2023-08-30T14:23:10Z<p>Pruthviraj: refined layout after review</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=June 2018}}<br />
'''Dhadha Bujurg''' is a [[Gram Panchayat]] located in [[Kushinagar district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is located 30&nbsp;km east from [[Gorakhpur railway station]], 3&nbsp;km west from [[Hata, India|Hata]], 18&nbsp;km away from [[Kaptanganj, India|Kaptanganj]] and 36&nbsp;km away from [[Deoria, Uttar Pradesh|Deoria]]. It includes 7 villages namely Dhadha Bujurg, Bandhu Tola, Pakwainar, Kubri Tola, Baldhiha, Harpur, and Badhri Tola.<br />
<br />
==Education==<br />
There are several schools and colleges located in this gram panchayat:<ref>{{Cite web|title=S.D.M.J.H.S. DHADHA BUJURG - Dhadha Bujurg, District Kushinagar (Uttar Pradesh)|url=https://schools.org.in/kushinagar/09590608203/s-d-m-j-h-s-dhadha-bujurg.html|access-date=2020-08-05|website=schools.org.in|language=en}}</ref><br />
* Sharda Devi Memorial School<br />
* Sant Kabir Children School<br />
* Kanya Maha Vidyalaya<br />
* P. P. Dhadha Bujurg School<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icbse.com/schools/p-p-dhadha-bujurg/09590608201|title = P.P.Dhadha Bujurg Primary School, Kushinagar - Address, Admissions, Fees and Reviews 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}<br />
{{Kushinagar district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Kushinagar district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Kushinagar-geo-stub}}</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Netru_Indru_Naalai&diff=521724Netru Indru Naalai2022-07-16T03:38:15Z<p>Pruthviraj: started new info - done</p>
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<div>'''Netru Indru Naalai''' ({{translation|Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow}}) may refer to:<br />
* [[Netru Indru Naalai (1974 film)|''Netru Indru Naalai'' (1974 film)]], a 1974 film<br />
* [[Netru Indru Naalai (2008 film)|''Netru Indru Naalai'' (2008 film)]], a 2008 film<br />
* [[Netru Indru Naalai (musical)|''Netru, Indru, Naalai'' (musical)]], musical stage show by Mani Ratnam<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* ''[[Indru Netru Naalai]]'', a 2016 film<br />
<br />
{{disambiguation}}</div>Pruthvirajhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Devaluation_of_rupee_in_india&diff=496407Devaluation of rupee in india2022-06-03T00:43:02Z<p>Pruthviraj: created redirect</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[History of the rupee#Valuation history|Valuation of Indian Rupee]]<br />
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Wanaparthy Assembly constituency]]<br />
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