Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Veerabhadra Temple

2026-05-04T15:44:27Z

Proctocure:

'''Veerabhadra Temple''' may refer to:

*[[Veerabhadra Temple, Lepakshi]], a temple in Lepakshi, Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India
*[[Veerabhadra Temple, Yadur]], a temple in Belgaum district, Karnataka, India
*[[Veerabhadra Temple, Pattiseema]], a templle in middle of Godavari river, Andhra Pradesh, India
{{disambig}}

Seema Bhatnagar

2026-04-27T07:14:56Z

Proctocure: Started Data

{{Short description|Indian scientist (born 1971)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| honorific_prefix = Professor
| name = Seema Bhatnagar
| honorific_suffix =
| image = 
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Seema Srivastava
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| other_names =
| pronounce =
| residence =
| citizenship = Indian
| fields = Small Molecule Drug Discovery
| workplaces = [[Amity University, Noida]]
| patrons =
| education = Ph.D.(Chemistry)
| alma_mater = Central Drug Research Institute [[University of Lucknow]] [[Isabella Thoburn College]]
| thesis_title = Syntheses of Possible Spermicidal Agents
| thesis_url = 
| thesis_year = 1998
| doctoral_advisor =Amiya Prasad Bhaduri<ref name="APB">{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/2120254800_Amiya_P_Bhaduri|title=Amiya P. Bhaduri's research works - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (CDRI) and other places|website=ResearchGate|access-date=2018-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006000224/https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/2120254800_Amiya_P_Bhaduri|archive-date=2018-10-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| known_for = Drug discovery
| awards = Fellow of The Indian Society of Agricultural Biochemists'2023
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| spouse = 
| partner = 
| children = 2
| signature = 
| signature_alt =
| website = http://www.amity.edu/aib/Faculty/Resumes/Seema-Bhatnagar.pdf
| footnotes =
}}
'''Seema Bhatnagar''' (born: Seema [[Srivastava]]) is an [[India]]n [[scientist]], working in the field of [[anticancer]] [[drug discovery]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Seema_Bhatnagar2 |title=Seema Bhatnagar |publisher=Research Gate |website=researchgate.net }}</ref> She primarily works on [[synthetic chemistry]] approaches for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs in [[breast cancer]].

== Education ==
Seema Bhatnagar completed her B.Sc. in Chemistry, Biology and Zoology (1992), followed by M.Sc. in Organic Chemistry (1994) from [[Isabella Thoburn College]], Lucknow.

She did her Ph.D. in Chemistry (1999) at [[Central Drug Research Institute]], Lucknow and thesis executed under the doctoral advisor of Amiya Prasad Bhaduri.<ref name="APB" />

==Career==
Bhatnagar has been associated with research and development in the field of drug discovery and worked with various government and non-government organizations before her current assignment with Amity Institute of Biotechnology, [[Amity University, Noida]] as Assistant Director. She had joined Amity University as a lecturer around the time of its inception in 2005. Prior to that she had worked Project Associate in Department of Cell Biology, National Institute of Immunology, India. (07/01 to 04/04) and Project Associate in Department of Immunopharmacology at [[National Institute of Immunology, India]]. (05/00 to 05/01).Seema Bhatnagar started her career as Senior Research Fellow (Extended) in Medicinal Chemistry Division, associated with "Lactam Acetals in Organic Synthesis" under the supervision of Nitya Anand. Project fully sponsored by [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] being executed at New Drug Discovery Research (NDDR), [[Ranbaxy Laboratories]]. (6/99-12/99)

Bhatnagar is currently working as Assistant Director at Amity Institute of Biotechnology<ref name="SB">{{Cite web |url=http://www.amity.edu/aib/Faculty/Resumes/Seema-Bhatnagar.pdf |title=Professor Seema Bhatnagar's profile at ''Amity University, Noida'' |access-date=2018-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006000212/http://www.amity.edu/aib/Faculty/Resumes/Seema-Bhatnagar.pdf |archive-date=2018-10-06 |url-status=live }}</ref> with Amity University, Noida. Bhatnagar has been associated with the University since its inception. She began her research career with project sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology (India) (DST).<ref name="DST">''[[Department of Science and Technology (India)]]''</ref> She is currently pursuing project sponsored by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR),<ref name="ICMR">''[[Indian Council of Medical Research]]''</ref> along with her collaborator Bhudev Chandra Das.<ref name="BCD">{{Cite web |url=http://www.amity.edu/astif/astifnew/Admin/Uploads/19Full%20Biodata%20of%20Dr.%20B.C.%20Das%20(2014).pdf |title=Dr.Bhudev C.Das's profile at ''Amity University'' |access-date=2018-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006000209/http://www.amity.edu/astif/astifnew/Admin/Uploads/19Full%20Biodata%20of%20Dr.%20B.C.%20Das%20(2014).pdf |archive-date=2018-10-06 |url-status=live }}</ref> Apart from this she has developed active collaboration with Bhyravabhotla Jayaram<ref name="BJ">{{cite web|url=http://chemistry.iitd.ac.in/faculty/jayaram.html|title=Department of Chemistry @ IIT Delhi|website=chemistry.iitd.ac.in|access-date=2018-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826184956/http://chemistry.iitd.ac.in/faculty/jayaram.html|archive-date=2018-08-26|url-status=live}}</ref> at [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi]], Thankayyan Retnabai Santhosh Kumar<ref name="TRSK">{{cite web|url=https://rgcb.res.in/scientist_bio.php?fid=39|title=Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology|website=rgcb.res.in|access-date=2018-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005195036/https://rgcb.res.in/scientist_bio.php?fid=39|archive-date=2018-10-05|url-status=live}}</ref> at [[Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology]] (RGCB), [[Thiruvananthapuram]] and Drug Discovery Unit at the [[University of Dundee]] to strengthen her research work. She has been the front runner at her Institute for being selected to attend [[Wellcome Trust]] Advanced Course in Small Molecule Drug Discovery. Prof Bhatnagar’s research credentials include several [[patents]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Seema_Bhatnagar2|title=Seema Bhatnagar - Ph.D (Chemistry) - Amity University|first=Seema BhatnagarAmity Institute of Biotechlogy · Amity University 16 32 ·|last=Ph.D|website=ResearchGate|access-date=2018-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006000246/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Seema_Bhatnagar2|archive-date=2018-10-06|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[publications]].<ref>[https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=inpzD9kAAAAJ&hl=en Seema Bhatnagar's profile at ''Google Scholar'']</ref>

At Amity University along with the research, Prof.Bhatnagar also leads various initiatives, including collaboration of Foreign Universities and Scientific Research organizations, with Amity University, apart from Study Abroad Program and Three Continent Program. Prof.Bhatnagar has worked with the top research institutes and scientist in India during her Post Doc. including [[National Institute of Immunology, India]] [[Ranbaxy Laboratories]], Central Drug Research Institute.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

=== Professional Training's & Fellowship/Awards/Achievements===
*Small Molecule Drug Discovery organized by ''[[Wellcome Trust]]'' at the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge UK.1-6 June 2014
'''Fellowships/Awards'''
*Got into the World's Top 2% Most Influential Scientists in the 2023 Stanford University List.*Awarded Fellow of The Indian Society of Agricultural Biochemists'2023"
*Awarded Senior Research Fellowship (Extended) by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi. (06/99-12/99)
*Nominated member of the Jury Panel (level 1) for the ‘Dupont India Challenge-2002 Science Paper Contest ‘(07/02)

== Personal life ==
Bhatnagar was born in the city of [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]] and is the eldest daughter of to Ram Chandra [[Srivastava]] (1940-1999), who was Associate Director with [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] and Meera Srivastava. Her younger brother is heading IT Operations in a MNC, and a youngest sister is a [[physiotherapist]].{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

Seema is married to an IT Consultant, and they together have one son and one daughter.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{authority control}}

[[Index of women scientists articles]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhatnagar, Seema}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian scientists]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian scientists]]
[[Category:Indian women chemists]]
[[Category:Indian organic chemists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Isabella Thoburn College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1971 births]]

Nenu Student Sir

2026-04-27T03:12:03Z

Proctocure: done.

{{Short description|2023 Telugu action thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nenu Student Sir
| image = Nenu Student Sir.jpg
| director = Rakhi Uppalapati
| producer = Satish Varma
| writer = [[Krishna Chaitanya (lyricist)|Krishna Chaitanya]] Kalyan Chakravarthy
| starring = {{ubl|Bellamkonda Ganesh|Avantika Dasani}}
| music = [[Mahati Swara Sagar]]
| editing = Chota K. Prasad
| cinematography = Anith Madadi
| studio = SV2 Entertainment
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|6|2}}{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}
| runtime = 128 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}
'''''Nenu Student Sir''''' ({{Translation|I am a student, sir}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action thriller]] film directed by Rakhi Uppalapati, in his directorial debut and produced by Satish Varma under the SV2 Entertainment banner. The film stars Bellamkonda Ganesh and Avantika Dasani, while [[Samuthirakani]], [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] and [[Srikanth Iyyengar]] play supporting roles.

== Plot ==
Subbu, a college student, is obsessed with getting an [[iPhone]]. He buys the newest model, but a fight breaks out between two student groups at his college the next day. The police seize all the phones involved before any counselling can happen. Subbu’s phone vanishes from the tray where the police kept it. He tries to get his phone back by asking Commissioner of Police Vasudevan for help. But he is disappointed when the help he expects doesn’t come. Subbu thinks that making friends with Shruti, the commissioner’s daughter and a student at his college, will help him get his phone back. Subbu and Shruti become closer and fall in love. But his relationship with her gets him into a murder case. He finds out how 1.75 crore came into his bank account, and the story ends happily because he escapes from the crime.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* Bellamkonda Ganesh as Subbu
* Avantika Dasani as Shruti
* [[Samuthirakani]] as Arjun Vasudevan
* [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]]
* [[Srikanth Iyyengar]]
* Auto Ramprasad
* [[Charandeep]]
* Pramodhini
* Ravi Sivateja
* Naandhi Satish Varma
* Kamal Teja Narla
* Gemini Suresh
* Karthik Kevvu
}}

==Soundtrack==
The [[film score]] and [[soundtrack album]] of the film is composed by [[Mahati Swara Sagar]]. The music rights were acquired by [[Aditya Music]].{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

The soundtrack consists of two songs: "Maaye Maaye" and "24/7 Okate Dhyaasa".
==Release==
The film was initially scheduled for 10 March 2023, but due to student examinations, it was screened on 2 June 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Release of Bellamkonda Ganesh's Nenu Student Sir rescheduled |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/feb/27/release-of-bellamkonda-ganeshs-nenu-student-sir-rescheduled-40451.html |access-date=2 June 2023 |publisher=cinemaexpress.com |date=27 February 2023 |archive-date=2 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602103528/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/feb/27/release-of-bellamkonda-ganeshs-nenu-student-sir-rescheduled-40451.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical reception ===
''Nenu Student Sir'' received mixed reviews from critics and audience. Paul Nicodemus of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Ganesh Bellamkonda gives his best, but the narrative needed to be tighter. The action sequences, like the police chase where Subbu is on foot, need better choreography, but overall, the team does a decent job.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nenu Student Sir! Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/nenu-student-sir/movie-review/100700634.cms |access-date=2 June 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=2 June 2023 |archive-date=2 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602103526/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/nenu-student-sir/movie-review/100700634.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|23019060}}

[[Category:2023 action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:2023 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mahati Swara Sagar]]

Amma Ke Babu Ki Baby

2026-04-24T16:54:22Z

Proctocure: new the entry w/ refs

{{short description|Indian comedy drama TV series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = AmmaKeBabuKiBaby.jpeg
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Comedy]]
| creator =
| based_on = 
| developer = Snehasish Chakravarty
| writer = Sanjay Masum
| screenplay = Shweta Suman Bhardwaj
| story = Prakriti Mukherjee
| director = Arshad Khan
Dharmendra sharma
| creative_director =
| starring = Karan Khanna Gouri Agarwal
| theme_music_composer = Esha Gaur Punit Dixit
| opentheme = ''Amma Ke Babu Ki Baby''
| endtheme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 55
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Ved Raj Esha Gaur [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]]
| cinematography = Shahbaz Khan Shahnoor Khan
| editor = Sanjay Kamla Singh Manish Upadhyay
| camera = [[Multi camera]]
| runtime = 21–23 minutes
| company = Shoonya Square Productions
| network = [[Star Bharat]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2021|02|08}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2021|05|31}}
| related = ''[[Khokababu (TV series)|Khokababu]]''
}}

'''''Amma Ke Babu Ki Baby''''' is an Indian Hindi language television series premiered on 8 February 2021 on [[Star Bharat]].<ref>{{Citation|url=https://news.abplive.com/tv-show/sbs/whats-new-in-star-bharats-upcoming-show-amma-ke-babu-ki-baby-1430525|title=What's new in Star Bharat's upcoming show 'Amma Ke Babu Ki Baby'?|date=6 January 2021|website=[[ABP Live]]|language=en|access-date=13 January 2021}}</ref> The series is a remake of [[Star Jalsha]]'s [[Bengali language|Bengali]] series [[Khokababu (TV series)|Khokababu]]. Produced by Ved Raj under Shoonya Square Productions and it stars Karan Khanna, Gouri Agarwal and [[Vibha Chibber]].<ref>{{Citation|url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/television-amma-ke-babu-ki-baby-day-out-with-actress-gouri-agarwal-1443192|title=Amma Ke Babu Ki Baby: Day Out with actress Gouri Agarwal|date=8 February 2021|website=[[ABP Live]]|language=en|access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/new-tv-show-amma-ke-babu-ki-baby-team-shoots-in-wai-1766810-2021-02-07|title=New TV show Amma Ke Babu Ki Baby team shoots in Wai|date=7 February 2021|website=[[India Today]]|language=en|access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> The series halted abruptly without conclusion on 22 April 2021 due to ratings and the global [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]] situation. The show was confirmed to go off air and aired its last episode after a month long hiatus on 31 May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TV Shows Off Air: तुझसे है राब्ता-तेरी लाडली मैं सहित 6 TV शो हो रहे बंद!, एक तो 2 महीने पहले ही हुआ लॉन्च|url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/entertainment/television/article/tv-shows-going-off-air-teri-laadli-main-to-tujhse-hai-raabta-hamari-wali-good-news-and-qurbaan-hua-teri-meri-ikk-jindri-zeetv-revamp-slots/344044|url-status=live|website=Times Now|date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425162531/https://www.timesnowhindi.com/entertainment/television/article/tv-shows-going-off-air-teri-laadli-main-to-tujhse-hai-raabta-hamari-wali-good-news-and-qurbaan-hua-teri-meri-ikk-jindri-zeetv-revamp-slots/344044 |archive-date=25 April 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/amma-ke-babu-ki-baby/1260054202/babu-refuses-to-budge/1000260707|title=Star Bharat's 'Amma Ke Babu Ki Baby's finale episode is out after 1.5 months on Hotstar}}</ref>

==Plot==
Babu is an ordinary villager, popular for his wrestling skills.
His life changes due to an impolite woman named Baby, who belongs to an affluent family. Even though Babu and Baby hate each other, they accidentally get married. How they fall in love forms the crux of the story.

==Cast==
===Main===
* Karan Khanna as Babu Chowdhury; Kaushalya and Jagannath's son, Baby's husband (2021)
* Gouri Agarwal as Baby Singh; Pratap and Anuradha's daughter, Babu's wife (2021)
* [[Vibha Chibber]] as Kaushalya Devi Chowdhury; Babu's mother, Jagannath's wife and Baby's mother in law (2021)

===Recurring ===
* Manuj Bhaskar as Jagannath Chowdhury; Babu's father, Anuradha's former lover, Kaushalya's husband and Baby's father in law(2021)
* Urmila M Sharma as Sukanya–Mohan's wife, Komal and Rani's mother, Babu's aunt (2021)
* Kunal Khosla as Preet– Baby's ex fiancé (2021)
* Sapna Rathore as Tithi; Shankar's wife (2021)
* Nakul Tiwadi <ref>{{Citation|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nakul-tiwadi-returns-to-acting-after-five-years/articleshow/80791740.cms|title=Nakul Tiwadi returns to acting after five years|date=10 February 2021|website=[[Times of India]]|language=en|access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> as Shankar; Tithi's husband (2021)
* Sumati Singh as Komal–Mohan and Sukanya's daughter (2021)
* Ashwini Shukla as Rani– Mohan and Sukanya's daughter (2021)
* Prachi Vaishnav as Nisha– Baby's best friend (2021)
* Ajay Singh as Mohan– Babu's uncle (2021)
* Sagar Saini as Pratap Singh– Baby's father, Anuradha's husband and Babu's father in law (2021)
* [[Dolly Sohi]] as Anuradha Pratap Singh– Pratap's wife, Jagannath's former lover, Baby's mother and Babu's mother in law (2021)
* Preeti Gandwani as Lata Singh- Baby's sister-in-law (2021)
* Avtar Vaishnani (2021)

==Production==
===Filming===
Based on the backdrop of [[Varanasi]], the series is mainly filmed at sets in [[Mumbai]] while some initial sequences were shot in [[Wai, Maharashtra|Wai]] in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/amma-ke-babu-ki-baby-being-shot-in-the-beautiful-locales-of-wai-206279|title=Amma Ke Babu Ki Baby being shot in the beautiful locales of Wai|work=Tribuneindia News Service |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt13814512}}

{{Star Bharat Programmes}}

[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Star Bharat original programming]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Television productions cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]

Christopher Charles Benninger

2026-04-22T11:23:03Z

Proctocure:

{{Short description|Indian architect and planner (1942–2024)}}
{{COI|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox architect
| honorific_prefix = Prof. Dr.
| name = Christopher Charles Benninger
| image = CCB by RA.jpg
| caption = Benninger in 2016
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1942|11|23|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Hamilton, Ohio]], U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2024|10|2|1942|11|23|df=yes}}
| death_place = India House, [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| alma_mater = [[Harvard Graduate School of Design#Notable alumni and faculty|Harvard Graduate School of Design]] [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] [[University of Florida]]
| awards = Great Master Architect of India [[Indian Institute of Architects|IIA]] Excellence in Architecture Doctor of Philosophy (Honoris Causa) in Architecture, CEPT University
| practice = CCBA Designs
| significant_projects = [[Site and Services | Site and Services EWS Housing at Arrambakkan, Jamnagar, Yusufgowda]] [[Thane]] and [[Kalyan]] Development Plan SOS Children's Villages at New Delhi and Kolkatta Thimphu Structure Plan
| website = {{URL|https://ccba.in}}
| significant_buildings = [[Mahindra United World College]] [[Suzlon One Earth | Suzlon One Earth Corporate Headquarters]] [[Azim Premji University]] [[Supreme Court of Bhutan| Supreme Court of Bhutan, UN House, Ministry Buildings]] [[Lodha Group|Lodha Belmondo]] [[College of Engineering Pune]] [[Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad]] [[IIM Calcutta]] [[Parliament of Burundi]] Bajaj Institute of Technology Green Valley Global Headquarters China
}}

'''Christopher Charles Benninger''' (23 November 1942 – 2 October 2024) was an Indian architect and [[urban planner]]. Born in the United States, he permanently migrated to India in 1971. Benninger contributed to the field of [[critical regionalism]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-16 |title=Critical Regionalism in the Post-Colonial Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent |first=Sumantra |last=Misra |publisher=[[Issuu]] |url=https://issuu.com/sumantramisra/docs/critical_regionalism_in_the_post-co |access-date=2023-08-17}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Bahga |first1=Sanyam |last2=Raheja |first2=Gaurav |date=2018-12-01 |title=An account of critical regionalism in diverse building types in postcolonial Indian architecture |journal=Frontiers of Architectural Research |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=473–496 |doi=10.1016/j.foar.2018.09.001 |issn=2095-2635|doi-access=free }}</ref> and sustainable planning in India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rajput |first=Aman Singh |chapter=Intelligent Urbanism Guiding the Smart City Region Development: Case Study of Bhopal |date=2020 |editor-last=Ahmed |editor-first=Sirajuddin |editor2-last=Abbas |editor2-first=S. M. |editor3-last=Zia |editor3-first=Hina |title=Smart Cities—Opportunities and Challenges |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2545-2_36 |series=Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering |volume=58 |language=en |location=Singapore |publisher=Springer |pages=423–442 |doi=10.1007/978-981-15-2545-2_36 |isbn=978-981-15-2545-2|s2cid=219093510 }}</ref>

Following his departure from the position of professor at [[Harvard University|Harvard]] in 1971, Benninger came to [[Ahmedabad]], where he was appointed a [[Ford Foundation]] advisor to the Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CEPT University |url=https://cept.ac.in/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=[[CEPT University]]}}</ref> At CEPT, he co-founded the Faculty of Planning with [[Yoginder K Alagh|Yoginder Alagh]] and [[B. V. Doshi|BV Doshi]] in 1972. He also founded the [[Center for Development Studies and Activities]] in 1976 with Aneeta Gokhale Benninger. He served on the board of directors of [[CEPT University]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2017 |title=Board of Management CEPT University |url=https://architecture.live/cept-university-academic-hub-ahmedabad-christopher-charles-benninger/}}</ref> In 2024, he was awarded a [[Honorary degree|Doctor of Philosophy (Honoris Causa)]] in Architecture from CEPT University.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-02 |title=CEPT University: Honorary doctorates for noted urban planner Bertaud and architect Benninger |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/cept-university-honorary-doctorates-for-noted-urban-planner-bertaud-and-architect-benninger-9091080/ |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

He worked with various banks concerning policies, and with various countries and states to create development plans. Alongside architecture, Benninger is most identified with developing the [[Site and services|Site and Services]] Model which was originally conceived as his thesis at [[Harvard Graduate School of Design|Harvard GSD]] and his planning theory [[Principles of intelligent urbanism|Principles of Intelligent Urbanism]].

Benninger wrote three books, ''Christopher Benninger: Architecture for a Modern India'' (2015)'','' a collection of his works, and ''Letters to a Young Architect'' (2011)'','' a collection of lectures and articles, which is a bestseller in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-12 |title=Acclaimed architect Christopher Benninger launches book on architecture |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/acclaimed-architect-christopher-benninger-launches-book-on-architecture-2908090/ |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In October 2024, ''Great Expectations: Notes to an Architect,'' a sequel to his 2011 book was released posthumously.

Benninger's architectural studio CCBA Designs, which he founded with [[Ramprasad Akkisetti]], is based out of [[Pune]], which specialises in [[sustainable design]] solutions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Bimal |date=5 October 204 |title=Architect-urban planner Bimal Patel on friend and colleague Christopher Charles Benninger, who was a mind with great expectations |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/architect-urban-planner-bimal-patel-on-friend-and-colleague-christopher-charles-benninger-who-was-a-mind-with-great-expectations-9605023/ |website=Indian Express}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Benninger was born in [[Hamilton, Ohio]]. Benninger graduated with a [[Bachelor of Architecture]] from the [[University of Florida]] in 1966. While at the University of Florida, he was a student founder of the "Freedom Party". Under [[Martin Luther King]]'s leadership, he and his sister, Judith Benninger Brown, actively supported the [[Congress of Racial Equality]] (CORE), entering segregated cinema halls and restaurants with their [[African-American]] friends, and forcing the owners to allow access to African-Americans into their establishments.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Debeljak |first=Aleš |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ao2DSDX5R3QC&dq=Christopher+Benninger+judith+brown&pg=PA255 |title=Reluctant Modernity: The Institution of Art and Its Historical Forms |date=1998 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8476-8583-7}}</ref>

Benninger completed his [[Master of Architecture]] from the [[Harvard Graduate School of Design]] in 1967. He studied under [[Josep Lluis Sert]], [[Jerzy Soltan]], and [[Mirko Basaldella]]. Benninger studied development economics under [[John Kenneth Galbraith]], past ambassador to India and author of ''[[The New Industrial State]]''.

Benninger attended [[United Nations Security Council]] Meetings as an observer. [[Robert Jackson (UN administrator)|Sir Robert Jackson]], a friend of Benninger's uncle [[Adlai Stevenson II]] gifted Benninger a lifetime subscription to the development journal ''[[Ekistics]]'', introducing him to a science of human settlement centered around [[Constantinos Apostolos Doxiadis]]'s theories. [[Barbara Ward]] became Benninger's lifelong mentor, inviting him to the 1967 [[Delos Symposium]] in Greece.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Christopher Benninger: Cyrus Jhabvala Memorial Lecture 2018|url=https://thinkmatter.in/2019/03/28/christopher-benninger-cyrus-jhabvala-memorial-lecture-2018/|website= THINKMATTER|date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shoshkes |first=Ellen |date=April 2006 |title=Jaqueline Tyrwhitt: a founding mother of modern urban design |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02665430600555339 |journal=[[Planning Perspectives]] |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=179–197 |doi=10.1080/02665430600555339 |bibcode=2006PlPer..21..179S |s2cid=143844331 |issn=0266-5433|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

After this, he first visited India as a [[Fulbright fellow]] in 1968. He continued his post-graduate studies at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], under Horacio Caminos, working on the book ''Urban Dwelling Environments''. He received a master's degree in [[Urban planning|city planning]] from MIT in 1971.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Falvo |first1=Rosa Maria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N5BMrgEACAAJ |title=Christopher Benninger: Architecture for Modern India |last2=Akkisetti |first2=Ramprasad |date=2015 |publisher=Skira editore S.p.A |isbn=978-88-572-2687-3 |language=en}}</ref> He graduate thesis at MIT (''Some notes on cities and urban planning in India'') formed the basis of his interest in planning in India.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Benninger |first=Christopher |date=1971-01-01 |title=Some notes on cities and urban planning in India |url=https://www.academia.edu/111288645}}</ref>

== Career ==
=== Academic and research work ===
In 1971, Benninger returned to India as a [[Ford Foundation]] consultant to the [[Ahmedabad Education Society]] to help set up the [[CEPT University|School of Planning]] in 1972 along with [[Yoginder K Alagh|Yoginder Alagh]] and [[B. V. Doshi|B.V. Doshi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cept School of Planning founders look back over 40 years |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-cept-school-of-planning-founders-look-back-over-40-years-1798697 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> Benninger shifted to [[Pune]] in 1976 where he founded the [[Center for Development Studies and Activities]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Apurva Bose |last=Dutta|url=http://www.archpresspk.com/m10_interview.htm |title=Christopher Charles Benninger speaks on Architecture |website=Archi Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707160139/http://www.archpresspk.com/m10_interview.htm |archive-date=2011-07-07}}</ref> In 1983, Benninger wrote the theme paper for the [[United Nations Human Settlements Programme|United Nations Commission on Human Settlements]] 1984. In 1986, he successfully argued to the [[Asian Development Bank]] the case for extending financial assistance to the urban development sector.<ref name="Benninger 1988 12–30">{{Cite journal |last=Benninger |first=Christopher C. |date=1988 |title=Human resources development for the improvement of human settlements |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43622047 |journal=Ekistics |volume=55 |issue=328/329/330 |pages=12–30 |jstor=43622047 |issn=0013-2942}}</ref> Benninger was on the board of editors of ''[[Cities (journal)|Cities]]'' journal, published in the UK.<ref>[http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaleditorialboard.cws_home/30396/editorialboard Elsevier.com]</ref> He was on the board of [[Ekistics]] and the associate editor of ''Ekistics and the New Habitat''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Christopher Benninger Receives Honorary Doctorate and Gold Medal from the Indian Institute of Architects {{!}} Ekistics and The New Habitat |url=https://ekisticsjournal.org/index.php/journal/announcement/view/34 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=ekisticsjournal.org |language=en-US}}</ref> He was on the Board of the United States Education Foundation of India (Fulbright Foundation), Member of the [[Bureau of Indian Standards]], and on the Board of University Teaching and Research at the [[Savitribai Phule Pune University|University of Pune]], and the Board of Governors of the [[School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi|School of Planning and Architecture in New Delhi]].

=== Early projects ===
One of Benninger's first projects was an [[Economically Weaker Section]] (EWS) township in [[Jamnagar]] developed with the Gujarat Housing Board in 1972. In 1973, he worked with the Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority and developed a [[Site and services|site-and-services]] approach to EWS housing in [[Arumbakkam|Arunbakkam]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lang |first=Jon |date=2020-11-09 |title=The Routledge Companion to Twentieth and Early Twenty-First Century Urban Design |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003016670 |doi=10.4324/9781003016670|isbn=978-1-003-01667-0 }}</ref> In 1976, Benninger assisted the [[Hyderabad Urban Development Authority]] in its first project, a 2000-unit township for government employees.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=AK |title=Housing for All |publisher=Khanna Publishing House |year=2019 |isbn=9789386173560 |pages=74, 78}}</ref> He designed the [[SOS Children's Villages]] in [[Bawana]] in 1975 and in [[Kolkata|Kolkatta]] three years later in 1978.<ref name=":0" /> In 1976, designed the [[Alliance Française]] Centre in [[Ahmedabad]]. In 1984, he designed the campus for the Center for Development Studies and Activities which he had founded in 1976.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lang |first=Jon |title=A concise history of modern architecture in India |date=2002 |publisher=Permanent Black : Distributed by Orient Longman Ltd |isbn=978-81-7824-017-6 |location=New Delhi}}</ref>

=== Planning ===
As a World Bank consultant, Benninger planned out the site and services, core housing, and slum upgradation programmes for the [[Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority|Calcutta Metropolitan Development]] in 1974. In 1979, he was a part of the team to design and programme Indonesia's first National Rural Development Program, in collaboration with the newly established [[Ministry of National Development Planning|Urban Development Ministry]]. Later that year, under Christopher Benninger and Aneeta Benninger, CDSA developed India's pilot Integrated Rural Development Program.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Benninger |first=Christopher C. |date=1987-01-01 |title=Training for the improvement of human settlements |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-3975%2887%2990044-0 |journal=Habitat International |series=Special Issue Land Use Control |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=145–160 |doi=10.1016/0197-3975(87)90044-0 |issn=0197-3975|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Settlements |first=United Nations Centre for Human |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8QgHFBtQzsC |title=Women and Human Settlements Development |date=1989 |publisher=UN-HABITAT |isbn=978-92-1-131118-1 |language=en}}</ref> In this period, CDSA also prepared social inputs for Area Development Plans in [[Goa]] and [[Almora]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Economics, development, and the quest for alternatives: essays in honour of professor M. A. Oommen |date=1997 |publisher=Concept Publ. Co |isbn=978-81-7022-678-9 |editor-last=George |editor-first=Kolanjiyil Kuriakose |edition=1. publ |location=New Delhi |editor-last2=Oommen |editor-first2=Malayil A.}}</ref> With [[UNICEF]], he led a CDSA team to prepare a plan of action for the development of Bhutan (1979–80).<ref name="Benninger 1988 12–30"/> He was engaged by the [[United Nations Human Settlements Programme|UNCHS]] to develop plans for six cities in Sri Lanka: [[Jaffna|Jafna]], [[Ratnapura]], [[Kalutara]], [[Hambantota]], [[Galle]], and [[Matara, Sri Lanka|Matara]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Benninger |first=Christopher C. |date=1988 |title=Seminar on urban management and finance for South Asian countries |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-2751(88)90008-x |journal=Cities |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=194–199 |doi=10.1016/0264-2751(88)90008-x |issn=0264-2751|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In 1986, Benninger worked on the development plan for [[Thane]] and [[Kalyan]] with a focus on [[urban management]] and poverty upliftment.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Centre |first1=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Development |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oZgtAAAAMAAJ |title=Register of Development Research Projects in Asia and the Pacific |last2=Centre |first2=Asian and Pacific Development |last3=Pacific |first3=Association of Development Research and Training Institutes of Asia and the |date=1989 |publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |isbn=978-92-64-03237-8 |language=en}}</ref> In 2001, Benninger was appointed to prepare the [[structure plan]] for [[Thimphu]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Benninger |first=Christopher Charles |date=2002 |title=Principles of intelligent urbanism: The case of the new Capital Plan for Bhutan |journal=Ekistics and the New Habitat |volume=69 |issue=412/413/414 |pages=60–80 |doi=10.53910/26531313-E200269412-414386 |jstor=43619538 |issn=0013-2942|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=SONAM |first1=DHENDUP |last2=SHERAB |first2=JATSHO |last3=SONAM |first3=TSHERING |date=2021 |title=Exploring Teachers' Perceptions of Professional Development: A Research Study Undertaken in Thimphu District Schools |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jpsy.14.3.17523 |journal=I-manager's Journal on Educational Psychology |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=29 |doi=10.26634/jpsy.14.3.17523 |s2cid=236726094 |issn=0973-8827|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In 2004, the Government of [[Bhutan]] along with the Government of India appointed him again to prepare plans for three towns along their shared border.<ref>Benninger Architectonics USA Inc. (2004) Gelephu Structure Plan, Bhutan</ref><ref>Benninger Architectonics USA Inc. (2004) Samtse Structure Plan, Bhutan</ref> In 2012, he designed the new town of [[Denchi Bhutan|Denchi]] in East Bhutan. Benninger's work in urban design, city management, and town planning resulted in his [[principles of intelligent urbanism]].<ref>[http://www.dudh.gov.bt/Thimphustructural/Index.html Dudh.gov.bt] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623013525/http://www.dudh.gov.bt/Thimphustructural/Index.html|date=2010-06-23}}</ref> He designed the master plan for [[Sassoon Hospital|Sasson Hospital]], [[King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College|King Edward Memorial Hospital]] and [[College of Engineering, Pune|College of Engineering Pune]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-22 |title=Christopher Benninger designs Sassoon hospital plan; state nods to allocate Rs 100 cr for initial phase |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/christopher-benninger-designs-sassoon-hospital-plan-state-nods-to-allocate-rs-100-cr-for-initial-phase-7369838/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He was a member of the [[Mumbai Port Trust|Mumbai Port Trust Land Development Committee]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai Port Trust Committee - Report On Mumbai Ports Waterfront and Port Land Development, 2014 PDF {{!}} PDF {{!}} Mumbai {{!}} Containerization |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/273809543/Mumbai-Port-Trust-Committee-Report-on-Mumbai-Ports-Waterfront-and-Port-Land-Development-2014-pdf |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Scribd |language=en}}</ref> and the head of the jury for the design and construction India's [[National War Memorial (India)|National War Memorial]], appointed by the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-03 |title=Explained: India's National War Memorial |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-indias-national-war-memorial-5600880/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== Architectural works ===
Benninger's designs include the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad]], the [[Indian Institute of Management Calcutta|Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta]], the Bajaj Institute of Technology, [[Suzlon One Earth]] Global Headquarters in Pune, the [[Mahindra United World College of India]], the [[Samundra Institute of Maritime Studies]], the [[YMCA International Camp, Nilshi, India|YMCA International Camp in Nilshi, India]], the [[Kirloskar Group|Kirloskar]] Institute of Advanced Management Studies, [[Azim Premji University]], in [[Bengaluru]], 23 [[Metro station|Metro Stations]] in Pune, and [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]].<ref>[http://www.g-therapy.org/index.php/center-campus.html G-therapy.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100512195745/http://www.g-therapy.org/index.php/center-campus.html |date=2010-05-12}}</ref> Benninger's work has been noted as one of the first instances of [[critical regionalism]] in India.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Tzonis |first1=Alexander |title=Critical regionalism: architecture and identity in a globalised world |last2=Lefaivre |first2=Liane |date=2003 |publisher=Prestel |isbn=978-3-7913-2972-7 |series=Architecture in focus |location=Munich New York}}</ref>

== Personal life and death ==
Benninger was married to Aneeta Gokhale Benninger, an [[environmentalist]], and had a son.<ref>{{Cite web |title=People |url=https://cdsaindia.org/people/ |website=CDSA}}</ref>

Christopher Benninger spent his significant part of his life with his long term companion Ramprasad Akkisetti since 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |last=D. |first=Aastha |date=11 October 2024 |title=Christopher Charles Benninger: A reflective obituary |url=https://www.stirworld.com/inspire-people-christopher-charles-benninger-a-reflective-obituary?utm_source=stirworld_404.php&utm_medium=STIRfri_Exclusive |access-date=14 October 2024 |website=Stir World |quote=His studio at India House, Pune, is a site of knowledge in the arts, culture and architectural practices, a mini institute of its own standing, now headed by Ramprasad Akkisetti (Ram), his loving life partner.}}</ref> They both founded CCBA, an architecture and planning firm in 1995. Ramprasad Akkisetti was instrumental in the realisation of Benninger's quest for avant garde architecture and literary contribution.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=R Raj |date=8 October 2024 |title=Christopher Benninger Obituary: A True Friend Who Assisted In Life's Nitty-Gritty, Writes R Raj Rao |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/pune/christopher-benninger-obituary-a-true-friend-who-assisted-in-lifes-nitty-gritty-writes-r-raj-rao |access-date=14 October 2024 |website=Free Press Journal |quote=It was in the early 2000s that I first met Christopher Benninger and his partner Ram.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Benninger |first=Christopher |title=Great Expectations: Notes to an Architect |publisher=CEPT University Press |year=2024 |isbn=978-93-83184-88-0 |edition=1st |pages=2}}</ref>

Benninger died following a prolonged battle with [[cancer]] in [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], on 2 October 2024, at the age of 81.<ref>{{cite news |title=American-Indian architect Christopher Benninger passes away at 81 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/american-indian-architect-christopher-benninger-passes-away-9599224/ |agency=Express News Service |publisher=The Indian Express |date=2 October 2024}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Sujatha Shankar |date=2024-11-01 |title=People's architect Christopher Charles Benninger |url=https://www.thehindu.com/real-estate/architect-christopher-charles-benninger-india-pioneer-construction-buildings-design/article68818541.ece |access-date=2024-11-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Publications ==
* Benninger, C. (2011). ''Letters to a Young Architect.'' India House Art Gallery. {{ISBN|9788192156804}}
* Falvo, R. M., & Akkisetti, R. (Eds.). (2015). ''Christopher Benninger: Architecture for Modern India''. Skira editore SpA. {{ISBN|9788857226873}}
* Benninger, C. (2024). ''Great Expectations: Notes to an Architect.'' CEPT University Press & India House Art Gallery. {{ISBN|9789383184880}}

== Awards ==
Christopher Benninger has been the recipient of over 200 awards.

=== 2024 ===
*Baburao Mhatre Gold Medal - Indian Institute of Architects<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Awards |url=https://www.ccba.in/awards |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=CCBA Designs |language=en}}</ref>
*Honorary Doctorate of Philosophy in Architecture - CEPT University, Ahmedabad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CEPT University to bestow two Honorary Doctorates |url=https://cept.ac.in/news/cept-university-to-bestow-two-honorary-doctorates }}</ref>

=== 2023 ===
*India's Top 10 Architects Awards - Construction World Architect and Builder (CWAB) Awards<ref name=":1" />

=== 2019 ===
*Excellence in Architecture for Industrial category - Indian Institute of Architects<ref name=":1" />

=== 2015 ===
*Lifetime Achievement Award - BERG Awards for Real Estate (Singapore)<ref name=":1" />

=== 2014 ===
*Excellence in Architecture for Industrial category - Indian Institute of Architects<ref name=":1" />

=== 2013 ===
*Excellence in Architecture Green Architecture - Indian Institute of Architects<ref name=":1" />

=== 2008 ===

* Excellence in Architecture for Institutional Building - Indian Institute of Architects<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Punemirror |date=2009-11-27 |title=Benninger's firm gets coveted award |url=https://punemirror.com/pune/cover-story/benningers-firm-gets-coveted-award/cid5254955.htm |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=punemirror.com |language=en}}</ref>
* Great Master Architect Award - JK AYA [[Council of Architecture]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=JK Architect of the Year Awards {{!}} 17th AYA |url=https://aya-jkcement.com/17thjkaya.html |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=aya-jkcement.com}}</ref>

=== 2001 ===

* Mahindra United World College of India won the Designer of the Year Award<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Christopher Benninger |url=http://archlib.njit.edu/aboutus/benningerlecture.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100805200851/http://archlib.njit.edu/aboutus/benningerlecture.php |archive-date=2010-08-05 |access-date=2010-06-23 |publisher=New Jersey Institute of Technology}}</ref> in 1999. It also was the recipient of the ''[[Business Week]]'' ''[[Architectural Record]]'' [[American Institute of Architects]] Award for Excellence in 2000. ''Business Week'' called the Mahindra United World College of India one of the ten super structures of the world in 2000.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Businessweek.com |url=http://www.businessweek.com/2000/00_45/c3706129.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030816/http://www.businessweek.com/2000/00_45/c3706129.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2024-10-05}}</ref>

=== 2000 ===
*Excellence in Architecture for Public Building - Indian Institute of Architects<ref name=":1" />

==See also==
*[[List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni]]
*[[Harvard Graduate School of Design#Notable alumni and faculty|List of Harvard GSD Alumni]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

*{{official website|https://www.ccba.in/}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Benninger, Christopher Charles}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:American urban planners]]
[[Category:Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni]]
[[Category:MIT School of Architecture and Planning alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Graduate School of Design faculty]]
[[Category:Architects from Ohio]]
[[Category:20th-century American male artists]]
[[Category:21st-century American male artists]]
[[Category:20th-century American architects]]
[[Category:People from Gainesville, Florida]]
[[Category:New Urbanism]]
[[Category:American emigrants to India]]
[[Category:People from Butler County, Ohio]]
[[Category:University of Florida alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of CEPT University]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in India]]

Ananta Babu

2026-04-21T07:01:09Z

Proctocure: new the article w/ sources

{{Short description|Politician from Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ananta Babu
| office = Member of [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council]] from [[Kakinada]]
| status = [[Incumbent]]
| term_start = 2021
| term_end = 2027
| constituency = Local Authorities
| country = India
| district =
| party = [[YSR Congress Party]] (2021-)
| office1 =
| birth_date = Age 46
| office2 =
| birth_name = Ananta Satya Udaya Bhaskar
| image =
| image_size = 50px
| caption = Ananta Babu (left) with Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh [[YS Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
}}

'''Ananta Satya Udaya Bhaskar''', popularly known as '''Ananta Babu''', is a [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council|Member of the Legislative Council]] (MLC) in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wendt |first=Robin |date=January 1986 |title=Elected bodies and appointed bodies |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003938608433243 |journal=Local Government Studies |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1080/03003938608433243 |issn=0300-3930|url-access=subscription }}</ref> He belongs to the [[YSR Congress Party]] and represents the Local Authorities constituency of [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]] district.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Member's Information - Legislative Council - Liferay DXP |url=https://aplegislature.org/web/legislative-council/member-s-information?p_p_id=CouncilMemberInformation_APPortlet_INSTANCE_KnYF8RXrn8M0&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_CouncilMemberInformation_APPortlet_INSTANCE_KnYF8RXrn8M0_javax.portlet.action=getPartyMemberDetails&_CouncilMemberInformation_APPortlet_INSTANCE_KnYF8RXrn8M0_mem_id=162&p_auth=WyQ8A1cc |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=aplegislature.org}}</ref> In May 2022, he admitted to committing the crime of murdering his driver, Veedhi Subramanyam, and door delivered his dead body to his home,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mobile court records statements in Anantha Babu case |pages= |work=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/crime/160722/mobile-court-records-statements-in-anantha-babu-case.html}}</ref> who was reportedly a [[Dalit]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=T |first=Vamsi |date=2022-05-23 |title=Yes I killed My Driver: MLC Anantha Babu |url=https://www.gulte.com/political-news/172501/yes-i-killed-my-driver-mlc-anantha-babu |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=Gulte |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Murder case registered against YSRCP MLC |pages=1–2 |work=Daily Pioneer |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/uploads/2022/epaper/may/vijayawada-english-edition-2022-05-23.pdf |access-date=}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Ananta Babu's father, Ananta Chakra Rao, was the former president of the Addatigala Samiti. In 1986, he was shot by the [[People's war|People's War]] [[Naxals]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Irshad |date=2022-05-23 |title=MLC Anantha Babu: Endless Stories of Anantha Babu .. From Colored Stones to Dead Body Door Delivery .. {{!}} Driver subramanyam murder case news update who is mlc anantha babu - PiPa News |url=https://pipanews.com/mlc-anantha-babu-endless-stories-of-anantha-babu-from-colored-stones-to-dead-body-door-delivery-driver-subramanyam-murder-case-news-update-who-is-mlc-anantha-babu/ |access-date=2023-05-06 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Aravind |date=2022-05-24 |title=MLC Anantha Babu sent for 14 days Custodial Remand {{!}} Anantha Babu News |url=https://www.andhrawishesh.com/442-telugu-hot-buzz-gossip/70307-mlc-anantha-babu-sent-for-14-days-custodial-remand.html |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=www.andhrawishesh.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Criminal activities ==
According to reports, Ananta Babu has been linked to the supply of valuable color stones<ref>{{Cite web | date=2022-05-23 |title=MLC Anantha Babu: అనంతబాబు అంతులేని కథలు.. రంగు రాళ్ల నుంచి డెడ్ బాడీ డోర్ డెలివరీ దాకా.. |url=https://tv9telugu.com/andhra-pradesh/driver-subramanyam-murder-case-news-update-who-is-mlc-anantha-babu-au62-713806.html |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=TV9 Telugu |language=te}}</ref> discovered in the agency,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=G. V. R. Subba |date=2022-06-07 |title=Andhra Pradesh: TDP urges Governor to dismiss YSRCP MLC |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-tdp-urges-governor-to-dismiss-ysrcp-mlc/article65504117.ece |access-date=2023-05-06 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and his involvement in this illicit trade has led to the opening of a [[History-sheeter|rowdy-sheet]] against him. While he has been embroiled in various criminal activities in the past, including serving jail time in [[Visakhapatnam|Vizag]] for assaulting the former [[Araku Valley|Araku]] MP Kottapalli Geeta, there have been no prior reports of him being involved in murder. Furthermore, there have been allegations of Ananta Babu's inappropriate behavior towards women in the agency, which adds to the complexity of his criminal history. Despite being a repeat offender, Ananta Babu managed to get his [[History-sheeter|rowdy-sheet]] taken down three years ago.<ref name=":0" />

== Controversial political career ==
Ananta Babu has a history of criminal activities and is believed to have won the [[Rampachodavaram]] constituency by telling tribesmen who to vote for. In 2014, he nominated himself as an independent candidate for the [[2014 elections in India|2014 elections]] to become an MLA. As part of his nomination, he submitted a community certificate claiming that he belonged to the Konda Kapu Community, which is recognized as a [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribe]]. However, the 6th respondent, who was the returned candidate, objected to his nomination, alleging that Ananta Babu actually belonged to the forward caste [[Kapu (caste)|Kapu]] community and not the Scheduled Tribe. The [[Returning officer|Returning Officer]] reviewed the objection and ultimately rejected Ananta Babu's nomination, concluding that he did not actually belong to the Scheduled Tribe as he had claimed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In the High Court of Judicature Andhra Pradesh at Hderabad, R. Kantha Rao, J. Anantha Udaya Bhaskar Rao v. Election Commission of India, New Delhi and others |url=https://supremetoday.ai/doc/judgement/00200045262}}</ref> Instead, Vanthala Rajeswari was nominated as a dummy and later became an MLA, with rumors that Ananta Babu was signing her letterhead. However, Rajeshwari unexpectedly joined the [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]], leaving Ananta Babu in an awkward position.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2022-05-23 |title=Jsnewstimes |url=https://jsnewstimes.com/state/mlc-anantha-babu-endless-stories-of-anantha-babu-from-colored-stones-to-dead-body-door-delivery |access-date=2023-05-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2021, he was elected as a [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council|Member of the Legislative Council]] unanimously from local bodies by YSR Congress Party.<ref>{{Cite web |title=YSRCP candidate Udaya bhaskar elected unopposed as Local bodies constituency MLC |url=http://www.uniindia.net/ysrcp-candidate-udaya-bhaskar-elected-unopposed-as-local-bodies-constituency-mlc/south/news/2575591.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Member's Information - Legislative Council - Liferay DXP |url=https://aplegislature.org/web/legislative-council/member-s-information?p_p_id=CouncilMemberInformation_APPortlet_INSTANCE_KnYF8RXrn8M0&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_CouncilMemberInformation_APPortlet_INSTANCE_KnYF8RXrn8M0_javax.portlet.action=getPartyMemberDetails&_CouncilMemberInformation_APPortlet_INSTANCE_KnYF8RXrn8M0_mem_id=162&p_auth=MBwYtGgN |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=aplegislature.org}}</ref>

== Subrahmanyam's murder ==
As per the account provided by Subrahmanyam's family, he received a call from MLC Ananta Babu on Thursday night at approximately 9:30 pm. However, in the early hours of Friday, 20 May, around 2 am, the MLC returned Subrahmanyam's dead body to his family, claiming that he had died in an accident.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CCTV footage: Twist on MLC Anantha Babu driver Subramanyam murder case |url=https://www.ap7am.com/lv-362161-cctv-footage-twist-on-mlc-anantha-babu-driver-subramanyam-murder-case |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=ap7am.com |language=en}}</ref> Despite Ananta Babu's assertion, Subrahmanyam's family has raised allegations of foul play and suspects that he was murdered. In fact, the family revealed that Subrahmanyam had resigned from his position as the MLC's driver five months ago.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh: YSRCP leader's ex-driver found dead in Kakinada; family alleges foul play |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/crime/story/andhra-pradesh-ysrcp-leader-former-driver-found-dead-kakinada-family-alleges-foul-play-1951903-2022-05-20 |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=India Today |date=20 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

According to [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]] Ravindranath Babu, on the night of 19 May 2020 the MLC asked Subrahmanyam to meet him, and when he arrived in the Sankar Nagar cell tower area, there was a disagreement between the MLC and driver Subrahmanyam near Ananta Babu's apartment complex regarding a payment of ₹ 20,000 that the legislator was owed. The argument turned physical when Ananta Babu struck and pushed Subrahmanyam, causing him to fall on an iron grill and sustain a head injury. Eventually, Subrahmanyam died due to his injuries and Ananta Babu tried to disguise the murder as an accident by attempting to admit him to the hospital. However, Ananta Babu discovered that Subrahmanyam had already died, so he pushed him out of his car to make it appear as though the death was due to an accident.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra MLA Arrested On Charge Of Killing His Driver: Police |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/andhra-mla-ananta-satya-uday-bhaskar-arrested-on-charge-of-killing-driver-police-3003151 |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

It has been alleged that Subrahmanyam was aware of the MLC's secrets, companies, and other activities, and the MLC feared that his former driver might reveal these secrets, prompting him to kill him.<ref>{{Cite news |title=MLC Anantha Babu arrested, confesses to murder in twisted tale |work=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/crime/240522/mlc-anantha-babu-arrested-confesses-to-murder-in-twisted-tale.html}}</ref>

Following his arrest, Ananta Babu was brought to court, where he was sent to 14 days of judicial custody. Police subsequently transferred him to [[Rajahmundry Central Prison|Rajahmundry Central Jail]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra MLC arrested for killing former driver over fear he would reveal 'secrets' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/andhra-mlc-arrested-killing-former-driver-over-fear-would-reveal-secrets-1953245-2022-05-24 |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=India Today |date=24 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> On 16 December 2022, Ananta Babu was released on conditional bail by the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-13 |title=SC grants bail to YSRC MLC Ananta Babu in murder case |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/sc-grants-bail-to-ysrc-mlc-ananta-babu-in-murder-case/articleshow/96185483.cms |access-date=2023-05-27 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> after 6 months in jail and received as hero by supporters. Babu's release was celebrated by supporters of the YSRCP political party, who gave him a rousing welcome upon his return.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-16 |title=Andhra MLC Ananta Babu, who confessed to murdering his ex-driver, gets bail from SC and a rousing welcome by YSRCP supporters |url=https://hindupost.in/crime/andhra-mlc-ananta-babu-who-confessed-to-murdering-his-ex-driver-gets-bail-from-sc-and-a-rousing-welcome-by-ysrcp-supporters/ |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=hindupost.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Babu, Ananta}}
[[Category:Members of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council]]
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from East Godavari district]]

Prester John

2026-04-20T19:49:29Z

Proctocure: stub

{{Short description|Legendary Christian king}}
{{Good article}}
{{other uses}}
[[File:Prester John.jpg|thumb|250px|"''Preste''" as the [[Emperor of Ethiopia]], enthroned on a map of East Africa. From an atlas by the Portuguese cartographer [[Diogo Homem]] for [[Mary I of England|Queen Mary]], c. 1555–1559. ([[British Library]])]]

'''Prester John''' ({{langx|la|Presbyter Ioannes}}) was a postulated [[Christian]] patriarch, [[presbyter]], and king. Stories popular in Europe in the 12th to the 17th centuries told of a [[Church of the East|Nestorian]] patriarch and king who was said to rule over a [[Christian state|Christian nation]] lost amid the pagans and Muslims in the [[Orient]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Delaney |first=Carol |author-link=Carol Delaney |title=Columbus and the Quest for Jerusalem: How Religion Drove the Voyages that Led to America |year=2012 |isbn=978-1439102374 |location=New York |publisher=Free Press}}</ref>{{rp|28}} The accounts were often embellished with various tropes of medieval popular literature, depicting Prester John as a descendant of the [[Three Magi]], ruling a kingdom full of riches, marvels, and strange creatures.

At first, Prester John was thought to reside in India. Reports of the Nestorian Christians' evangelistic success there and of [[Thomas the Apostle]]'s subcontinental travels as documented in works like the ''[[Acts of Thomas]]'' probably provided the first seeds of the narrative. As Europeans became aware of the [[Mongols]] and their empire, accounts placed the king in [[Central Asia]], and eventually Portuguese explorers came to assume that the term was a reference to [[Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopia]], which at that time was an isolated Christian "exclave" distant from any other Christian-ruled territory.

==Origin of the legend==
Though its immediate genesis is unclear, officially the origin of the idea of Prester John originates from a letter that the Byzantine emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos]] received in 1165. The sender was: "''John, Christian Sovereign and Lord of Lords''".

The letter described the very rich lands of this monarch located in central Asia. The king said he lived in an immense palace made of gems and gold and said he governed a huge territory extending from Persia to China. For many years the idea of Prester John was associated with the dream of reaching a sumptuous kingdom, where all material pleasures were fulfilled and people lived in opulence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In search of the kingdom of Prester John • Neperos |url=https://www.neperos.com/article/s8ydb945643216a6 |website=Neperos.com|date=16 February 2024 }}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=Random blog whose most recent post is about ancient aliens|date=June 2025|sure=yes}}

The legend of Prester John drew strongly from earlier accounts of the Orient and of Westerners' travels there. Particularly influential were the reports of [[Thomas the Apostle|Saint Thomas the Apostle]]'s proselytizing in India, recorded especially in the third-century work known as the ''Acts of Thomas''. This text inculcated in Westerners an image of India as a place of exotic wonders and offered the earliest description of Saint Thomas establishing a Christian sect there, motifs that loomed large over later accounts of Prester John.{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|pages=17–18}}

Similarly, embellished reports of movements in Asia of the [[Church of the East]] (Nestorianism) informed the narratives as well. This church had gained a wide following in the Eastern nations and engaged the Western imagination as an assemblage both exotic and familiarly Christian.{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|p=20}} Particularly inspiring were the Church of the East's missionary successes among the [[Mongols]] and [[Turkic peoples|Turks]] of Central Asia; French historian [[René Grousset]] suggests that the Prester John story may have had its origins in the [[Keraites|Kerait]] clan, which had thousands of its members join the Church of the East shortly after the year 1000. By the 12th century, the Kerait rulers were still following a custom of bearing Christian names, which may have fueled the narrative.{{sfn|Grousset|1970|p=191}}
[[File:PriesterJohannes.jpg|thumb|250px|Prester John from [[Hartmann Schedel]]'s ''[[Nuremberg Chronicle]]'', 1493]]

Additionally, the tradition may have drawn from the shadowy early Christian figure [[John the Presbyter]] of [[Syria]], whose existence is first inferred by the ecclesiastical historian and bishop [[Eusebius of Caesarea]] based on his reading of earlier church fathers.<ref>{{cite book |author=Eusebius |author-link=Eusebius |title=The Ecclesiastical History, in Two Volumes |volume=I |translator-last=Lake |translator-first=Kirsopp |translator-link=Kirsopp Lake |date=1926 |orig-date=c. 300 |page=293 |location=London |publisher=William Heinemann |url=https://archive.org/details/ecclesiasticalhi01euseuoft |access-date=2021-06-17 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> This man, said in one document to be the author of two of the [[Epistles of John]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Decretum Gelasianum |orig-date=c. fifth century |date=2000-12-02 |translator-last=von Dobschütz |translator-first=Ernst |website=The Tertullian Project |url=https://www.tertullian.org/decretum_eng.htm |access-date=2021-06-17 }}</ref> was supposed to have been the teacher of the martyr bishop [[Papias of Hierapolis|Papias]], who had in turn taught [[Irenaeus]]. However, little links this figure, supposedly active in the late first century, to the Prester John narrative beyond the name.{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|pages=35–39}} The title "Prester" is an adaptation of the Greek word "πρεσβύτερος, presbyteros", literally meaning "elder" and used as a title of [[priest]]s holding a high office (indeed, ''presbyter'' is the origin of the English word ''priest'').<ref>{{OEtymD|Prester John}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://geography.about.com/od/historyofgeography/a/presterjohn.htm |title=Prester John |last=Rosenberg |first=Matt |date=2004-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108034648/http://geography.about.com/od/historyofgeography/a/presterjohn.htm |archive-date=2016-11-08 |url-status=dead |access-date=2021-06-18 |website=About.com}}</ref>

Later accounts of Prester John borrowed heavily from literary texts concerning the East, including the great body of ancient and medieval geographical and travel literature. Details were often lifted from literary and pseudohistorical accounts, such as the tale of [[Sinbad the Sailor]].{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|pages=16, 49–50}} The ''[[Alexander Romance]]'', a fabulous account of [[Alexander the Great]]'s conquests, was especially influential in this regard.{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|pages=46–48}}

The Prester John narrative as such began in the early 12th century, with reports of visits of an archbishop of India to [[Constantinople]], and of a Patriarch of India to [[Rome]] at the time of [[Pope Callixtus II]].{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|pages=29–34}} These visits, apparently from the Saint Thomas Christians of India, are of dubious veracity, evidence of both being secondhand reports. What is certain is that German chronicler [[Otto of Freising]] reported in his ''Chronicon'' of 1145 that the previous year he had met [[Hugh of Jabala|Hugh]], bishop of [[Jabala]] in Syria, at the court of [[Pope Eugene III]] in [[Viterbo]].<ref name=halsall>{{cite web |editor-last=Halsall |editor-first=Paul |date=December 1997 |url=https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/otto-prester.asp |title=Otto of Freising: The Legend of Prester John |website=Internet Medieval Sourcebook |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=2021-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414185918/https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/otto-prester.asp |archive-date=2021-04-14 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|pages=3–7}}{{sfn|Bowden|2007|p=177}}

Hugh was an emissary of Prince [[Raymond of Poitiers|Raymond of Antioch]], sent to seek Western aid against the [[Saracen]]s after the [[Siege of Edessa (1144)|Siege of Edessa]]; his counsel inspired Eugene to call for the [[Second Crusade]]. Hugh told Otto, in the presence of the pope, that Prester John, a Nestorian Christian who served in the dual position of priest and king, had regained the city of [[Ecbatana]] from the brother monarchs of [[Media (region)|Media]] and Persia, the Samiardi, in a great battle "not many years ago". Afterwards Prester John allegedly set out for [[Jerusalem]] to rescue the Holy Land, but the swollen waters of the [[Tigris]] compelled him to return to his own country. His fabulous wealth was demonstrated by his emerald scepter; his holiness by his descent from the [[Biblical Magi|Three Magi]].<ref name="Otto 1928">{{cite book |author=Otto I Bishop of Freising |author-link=Otto of Freising |translator-last=Mierow |translator-first=Charles Christopher |translator-link=Charles Christopher Mierow |title=The Two Cities: A Chronicle of Universal History to the Year 1146 A.D. |pages=443–444 |date=1928 |orig-date=1146 |location=New York |publisher=Columbia University |url=https://archive.org/details/twocitieschronic0000otto |access-date=2021-06-17 |url-access=registration |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

[[Robert Silverberg]] connects this account with historic events of 1141, when the [[Qara Khitai]] khanate under [[Yelü Dashi]] defeated the [[Seljuk Turks]] in the [[Battle of Qatwan]], near [[Samarkand]]. The Seljuks ruled over Persia at the time and were the most powerful force in the Muslim world; the defeat at Samarkand weakened them substantially. The Qara Khitai at the time were [[Buddhists]], not Christians, and there is no reason to suppose Yelü Dashi was ever called Prester John.{{sfn|Rossabi|1992|p=5}} However, several vassals of the Qara Khitai practiced Nestorian Christianity, which may have contributed to the narrative. It is also possible that the Europeans, who were unfamiliar with Buddhism, assumed that if the leader was not Muslim, he must be Christian.{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|pages=12–13}}{{sfn|Jackson|2005|pages=20–21}} The defeat encouraged the Crusaders and inspired a notion of deliverance from the East. It is possible Otto recorded Hugh's confused report to prevent complacency in the Crusade's European backers – according to his account, no help could be expected from a powerful Eastern king.{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|p=8}}

==Letter of Prester John==
No more of the narrative is recorded until about 1165, when copies of what was likely a forged ''Letter of Prester John'' started spreading throughout Europe.{{sfn|Rossabi|1992|p=5}} An epistolary wonder epic with parallels suggesting its author knew the ''[[Alexander romance|Romance of Alexander]]'' and the above-mentioned ''Acts of Thomas'', the ''Letter'' was supposedly written to the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine emperor]] [[Manuel I Comnenus]] by Prester John, descendant of one of the Three Magi and King of India.{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|pages=40–73}}{{sfn|Uebel|2016}} The many marvels of richness and magic it contained captured the imagination of Europeans, and it was translated into numerous languages, including [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]. It circulated in ever more embellished form for centuries in manuscripts, examples of which still exist. The invention of printing perpetuated the letter's popularity in printed form; it was still current in popular culture during the period of [[Age of Discovery|European exploration]]. Part of the letter's essence was that a lost kingdom of Nestorian Christians still existed in the vastness of Central Asia.

The credence given to the reports was such that [[Pope Alexander III]] sent a letter to Prester John via his physician Philip on September 27, 1177. Nothing more is recorded of Philip, but it is most probable that he did not return with word from Prester John.{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|pages=58–63}} The ''Letter'' continued to circulate, accruing more embellishments with each copy. In modern times, [[Content analysis|textual analysis]] of the letter's variant Hebrew versions has suggested an origin among the [[Jew]]s of northern Italy or [[Languedoc]]: several Italian words remained in the Hebrew texts.<ref>{{cite journal |author-last=Bar-Ilan |author-first=Meir |date=1995 |url=https://faculty.biu.ac.il/~barilm/articles/publications/publications0047.html |title=Prester John: Fiction and History |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222103905/https://faculty.biu.ac.il/~barilm/presjohn.html |archive-date=2015-12-22 |journal=History of European Ideas |volume=20 |number=1–3 |pages=291–298 |access-date=2021-06-17 |doi=10.1016/0191-6599(95)92954-S|url-access=subscription }}</ref> At any rate, the ''Letter''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s author was most likely a Westerner.

==Mongol Empire==
{{See also|Christianity among the Mongols}}
[[File:WangKhan.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Depiction of the [[Keraite]] ruler [[Toghrul]] as "Prester John" in "Le Livre des Merveilles", 15th century]]

In 1221, [[Jacques de Vitry]], [[Latin Catholic Diocese of Acre|Bishop of Acre]], returned from the disastrous [[Fifth Crusade]] with good news: King David of India, the son or grandson of Prester John, had mobilized his armies against the Saracens. He had already conquered Persia, then under the [[Khwarazmian Empire]]'s control, and was moving on towards [[Baghdad]] as well. This descendant of the great king who had defeated the Seljuks [[Battle of Qatwan|in 1141]] planned to reconquer and rebuild Jerusalem.<ref>{{cite book |author=Jacques de Vitry |author-link=Jacques de Vitry |editor-last=Huygens |editor-first=R. B. C. |date=1960 |orig-date=13th century |title=Lettres de Jacques de Vitry |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill |language=fr }}</ref>{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|pages=71–73}}

Controversial Soviet historian and ethnologist [[Lev Gumilev]] speculated that the much reduced [[Crusades|crusader]] [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]] in the [[Levant]] resuscitated this legend in order to raise Christian aspirations and to persuade European monarchs who had lost interest by that time in getting involved in costly crusades, in a distant region that was far removed from their own states and affairs.{{sfn|Gumilev|2009|p=342}} The bishop of Acre was correct in thinking that a great king had conquered Persia; however "King David", as it turned out, was the [[Tengrist]] Mongol ruler, [[Genghis Khan]].{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|p=73}}

The [[Mongol Empire]]'s rise gave Western Christians the opportunity to visit lands that they had never seen before, and they set out in large numbers along the empire's secure roads. Presumptions that a lost Nestorian kingdom existed in the east, or that the [[Crusader states]]' salvation depended on an [[Franco-Mongol alliance|alliance with an Eastern monarch]], was one reason for the numerous Christian ambassadors and missionaries sent to the Mongols. These include [[Franciscan]] explorers [[Giovanni da Pian del Carpine]] in 1245 and [[William of Rubruck]] in 1253.{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|pages=86, 101}}

The link between Prester John and Genghis Khan was elaborated upon at this time, as the Prester became identified with Genghis' foster father, [[Toghrul]], king of the [[Keraites]], given the [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin]] title Ong Khan Toghrul. Fairly truthful chroniclers and explorers such as [[Marco Polo]],{{sfn|Polo|Rustichello da Pisa|1930|pages=84–88}} Crusader-historian [[Jean de Joinville]],<ref name="Joinville 1977">{{cite book |contributor-last=Joinville |contributor-first=Jean, sire de |contributor-link=Jean de Joinville |contribution=The Life of Saint Louis |title=Chronicles of the Crusades |pages=161–353 |date=1977 |orig-date=c.1309 |author2-last=Villehardouin |author2-first=Geoffroy de |author2-link=Geoffrey of Villehardouin |author1-last=Joinville |author1-first=Jean, sire de |author1-link=Jean de Joinville |translator-last=Shaw |translator-first=Margaret R. B. |editor-last=Shaw |editor-first=Margaret R. B. |location=London |publisher=Penguin |isbn=9780140441246 |url=https://archive.org/details/chroniclesofcrus00shaw |url-access=registration |access-date=2021-06-18 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> and the Franciscan voyager [[Odoric of Pordenone]]<ref name="Odoric 1913">{{cite book |author=Odoric of Pordenone |author-link=Odoric of Pordenone |title=Odoric of Pordenone |series=Cathay and the Way Thither. Being a collection of medieval notices of China |volume=I |translator-last=Yule |translator-first=Henry |translator-link=Henry Yule |editor-last=Yule |editor1-first=Henry |editor1-link=Henry Yule |editor2-first=Henri |editor2-last=Cordier |editor2-link=Henri Cordier |date=1913 |orig-date=c. 1350 |location=London |publisher=Hakluyt Society |url=https://archive.org/details/cathaywaythither02yule |access-date=2021-06-18}}</ref>{{rp|244–247}} stripped Prester John of much of his otherworldly veneer, portraying him as a more realistic earthly monarch. Odoric places John's land to the west of [[Cathay]] en route to Europe, and identifies its capital as "Cosan", variously interpreted by translators as a number of names and locations.<ref name="Odoric 1913"/>{{rp|245–246}} Joinville describes Genghis Khan in his chronicle as a "wise man" who unites all the Tartar tribes and leads them to victory against their strongest enemy, Prester John.<ref name="Joinville 1977" />{{rp|283–288}}

William of Rubruck says a certain "Vut", lord of the Keraites and brother to the Nestorian ''King'' John, was defeated by the Mongols under Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan made off with Vut's daughter and married her to his son, and their union produced [[Möngke Khan|Möngke]], the Khan at the time William wrote.<ref>{{cite book |author=William of Rubruck |author-link=William of Rubruck |editor1-last=Jackson |editor1-first=Peter |editor1-link=Peter Jackson (historian) |editor2-last=Morgan |editor2-first=David |date=1990 |orig-date=13th century |title=The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: His Journey to the Court of the Great Khan Möngke, 1253–1255 |location=London |publisher=Hakluyt Society |isbn=0-904180-29-8}}.</ref> According to Marco Polo's ''[[The Travels of Marco Polo|Travels]]'', the war between the Prester and Genghis Khan started when Genghis Khan, new ruler of the rebellious Tartars, asked for the hand of Prester John's daughter in marriage. Angered that his lowly vassal would make such a request, Prester John denied him in no uncertain terms. In the war that followed, Genghis Khan triumphed, and Prester John perished.{{sfn|Polo|Rustichello da Pisa|1930|pages=84–88}}

The historical figure behind these accounts, Toghrul, was a Nestorian Christian monarch defeated by Genghis Khan. He had fostered the future Khan after the death of his father [[Yesugei]] and was one of his early allies, but the two had a falling-out. After Toghrul rejected a proposal to wed his son and daughter to Genghis Khan's children, the rift between them grew, until war broke out in 1203. Genghis Khan captured [[Sorghaghtani Beki]], daughter of Toghrul's brother Jaqa Gambu, and married her to his son [[Tolui]]. They had several children, including Möngke, [[Kublai Khan|Kublai]], [[Hulagu Khan|Hulagu]], and [[Ariq Böke]].

The major characteristic of Prester John literature from this period is the king's portrayal not as an invincible hero, but merely one of many adversaries defeated by the Mongols. As the Mongol Empire collapsed, Europeans began to shift away from the idea that Prester John had ever really been a Central Asian king.{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|p=139}} At any rate they had little prospects of finding him there, as travel in the region became dangerous without the security the empire had provided. In works such as ''[[John Mandeville|The Travels of Sir John Mandeville]]''<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Halsall |editor-first=Paul |date=March 1996 |url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/mandeville.html |title=Mandeville on Prester John |website=Internet Medieval Sourcebook |access-date=2021-06-20 |publisher=Fordham University |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228165808/https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/mandeville.asp |url-status=live |archive-date=2021-02-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author-last=Mandeville |author-first=John |author-link=John Mandeville |editor-last=Mosely |editor-first=C. W. R. D. |editor-link=Charles Moseley (writer) |date=1983 |orig-date=14th century |title=The Travels of Sir John Mandeville |pages=167–171 |location=New York |publisher=Penguin |isbn=0-14-044435-1}}</ref> and ''Historia Trium Regum'' by [[John of Hildesheim]],<ref>{{cite book |author=John of Hildesheim |author-link=John of Hildesheim |date=1997 |orig-date=14th century |title=The Story of the Three Kings |publisher=Neumann Press |isbn=0-911845-68-2}}</ref> Prester John's domain tends to regain its fantastic aspects and finds itself located not on the steppes of Central Asia, but back in India proper, or some other exotic locale. [[Wolfram von Eschenbach]] tied the history of Prester John to the [[Holy Grail]] legend in his poem ''[[Parzival]]'', in which the Prester is the son of the Grail maiden and the Saracen knight [[Feirefiz]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Wolfram von Eschenbach |author-link=Wolfram von Eschenbach |translator-last=Hatto |translator-first=A. T. |translator-link=Arthur Thomas Hatto |date=1980 |title=Parzival |page=408 |location=New York |publisher=Penguin |isbn=0-14-044361-4}}</ref>

A theory was put forward by the Russian scholar Ph. Bruun in 1876, who suggested that Prester John might be found among the kings of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], which, at the time of Crusades, experienced military resurgence challenging the Muslim power. However, this theory, though regarded with certain indulgence by [[Henry Yule]] and some modern Georgian historians, was summarily dismissed by [[Friedrich Karl Theodor Zarncke|Friedrich Zarncke]].<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Ross |author-first=E. Denison |author-link=Edward Denison Ross |chapter=Prester John and the Empire of Ethiopia |editor-last=Newton |editor-first=Arthur |editor-link=A. P. Newton |date=1996 |orig-date=1926 |title=Travel and travellers of the Middle Ages |pages=174–194 |location=London; New York |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-15605-X}}</ref>{{rp|184}} The connection with Georgia is unlikely, considering that country was Orthodox, rather than Nestorian, and due to the fact that it and its predecessor states [[Colchis]]/[[Lazica]] and [[Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)|Iberia]] were well known and documented at the time, with Episcopoi of Kartli having regular epistolary conversions with Bishops of Rome.

==Ethiopia==
[[File:Prester John map.jpg|thumb|250px|A map of Prester John's kingdom as Ethiopia]]

Prester John had been considered the ruler of India since the legend's beginnings, but "India" was a vague concept to the medieval Europeans. Writers often spoke of the "[[Greater India|Three Indias]]", and lacking any real knowledge of the [[Indian Ocean]] they sometimes considered [[Ethiopia]] one of the three. Westerners knew that Ethiopia was a powerful Christian nation, but contact had been sporadic since the rise of Islam. No Prester John was to be found in Asia, so Europeans began to suggest that the narrative was a reference to the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia.{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|pages=163–164}} Evidence has suggested that locating Prester John's kingdom in Ethiopia entered the collective consciousness around 1250.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |title=A Cultural History of the Atlantic World, 1250–1820 |author-last=Thornton| author-first=John K. |author-link=John Thornton (historian) |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2012 |isbn=9780521727341 |pages=16–17}}</ref>

[[Marco Polo]] had discussed Ethiopia as a magnificent Christian land{{sfn|Polo|Rustichello da Pisa|1930|pages=316–319}} and [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christians]] had a legend that the nation would one day rise up and invade [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]],{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|pages=176–177}} but they did not place Prester John there. In 1306, 30 Ethiopian ambassadors from Emperor [[Wedem Arad]] came to Europe, and Prester John was mentioned as the patriarch of their church in a record of their visit.{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|pages=164–165}} Another description of an African Prester John is in the ''Mirabilia Descripta'' of [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] missionary [[Jordan Catala|Jordanus]], around 1329. In discussing the "Third India", Jordanus records a number of fanciful stories about the land and its king, whom he says Europeans call Prester John.{{sfn|Jordanus|1863|p=42}}

[[File:Prester John of the Indies.jpg|thumb|"Preste Iuan de las Indias" (Prester John of the Indies) positioned in East Africa on a 16th-century Spanish [[Portolan chart]]]]

After this point, an African location became increasingly popular. This may have resulted from increasing ties between Europe and Africa as 1428 saw the [[Crown of Aragon|Kings of Aragon]] and Ethiopia actively negotiating the possibility of a strategic marriage between the two kingdoms.<ref name=":1" /> On 7 May 1487, two Portuguese envoys, [[Pêro da Covilhã]] and [[Afonso de Paiva]], were sent traveling secretly overland to gather information on a possible sea route to India, but also to inquire about Prester John. Covilhã managed to reach Ethiopia. Although well received, he was forbidden to depart. [[First contact (anthropology)|Contact]] for the purpose of finding allies, such as with Prester John increasingly fueled early European exploration and colonialism.<ref name="Knobler 2016 p. 70-71 ">{{cite book | last=Knobler | first=A. | title=Mythology and Diplomacy in the Age of Exploration | publisher=Brill | series=European Expansion and Indigenous Response | year=2016 | isbn=978-90-04-32490-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztKYDQAAQBAJ | access-date=2021-12-05 | pages=70–71}}</ref><ref name="Crotty">{{cite thesis | last=Crotty | first=Kenneth | title=The role of myth and representation in the origins of colonialism | publisher=Maynooth University | year=2004 | url=https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/5310/ | access-date=2021-12-05}}</ref>

More envoys were sent in 1507, after the island of [[Socotra]] was taken by the Portuguese. As a result of this mission, and facing Muslim expansion, regent queen [[Eleni of Ethiopia]] sent ambassador [[Mateus (Ethiopia)|Mateus]] to king [[Manuel I of Portugal]] and to the pope, in search of a coalition. Mateus reached Portugal via [[Goa]], having returned with a Portuguese embassy, along with priest [[Francisco Álvares]] in 1520. Francisco Álvares's book, which included the testimony of Covilhã, the ''Verdadeira Informação das Terras do Preste João das Indias'' ("A True Relation of the Lands of Prester John of the Indies") was the first direct account of Ethiopia, greatly increasing European knowledge at the time, as it was presented to the pope, published and quoted by [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]].<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Beckingham |author-first=C. F. |author-link=Charles Fraser Beckingham |contribution=Ethiopia and Europe 1200-1650 |pages=78–95 |title=The European Outthrust and Encounter: The First Phase c. 1400-c. 1700: Essays in Tribute to David Beers Quinn on His 85th Birthday |editor1-last=Clough |editor1-first=Cecil H. |editor2-last=Hair |editor2-first=P.E.H. |location=Liverpool |publisher=Liverpool University |date=1994 |url=https://archive.org/details/europeanoutthrus0000unse |access-date=2021-06-17 |isbn=0853232296}}</ref>

By the time Emperor [[Dawit II of Ethiopia|Lebna Dengel]] and the Portuguese had established diplomatic contact with each other in 1520, Prester John was the name by which Europeans knew the [[Emperor of Ethiopia]].{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|pages=188–189}} The Ethiopians, though, had never called their emperor that. When ambassadors from Emperor [[Zara Yaqob]] attended the [[Council of Florence]] in 1441, they were confused when Roman Catholic-led council prelates insisted that the Ethiopians should refer to themselves as representatives of their monarch Prester John. They tried to explain that nowhere in Zara Yaqob's list of regnal names did that title occur. However, their admonitions did little to stop Europeans from calling the King of Ethiopia Prester John.{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|p=189}} Some writers who used the title did understand it was not an indigenous honorific; for instance Jordanus seems to use it simply because his readers would have been familiar with it, not because he thought it authentic.{{sfn|Silverberg|1972|pages=166–167}}

Ethiopia has been claimed for many years as the origin of the Prester John narrative, but most modern experts assert that the narrative was simply adapted to fit that nation in the same fashion that it had been projected upon Ong Khan and Central Asia during the 13th century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Salvadore |first=Matteo |date=2017 |section=Introduction |title=The African Prester John and the Birth of Ethiopian-European Relations |section-url=https://www.academia.edu/25983362|language=en |doi=10.4324/9781315612294 |location=London |publisher=Routledge |pages=1–17|isbn=9781317045465 }}</ref> Modern scholars find nothing about Prester John or his country in the early material that would make Ethiopia a more suitable identification than any place else, and furthermore, specialists in Ethiopian history have effectively demonstrated that the story was not widely known there until the Portuguese began to circumnavigate around Africa, which is how they reached Ethiopia, via the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea. [[Czech people|Czech]] Franciscan Remedius Prutky asked Emperor [[Iyasu II of Ethiopia|Iyasu II]] about this identification in 1751, and Prutky states that the man was "astonished, and told me that the kings of Abyssinia had never been accustomed to call themselves by this name." In a footnote to this passage, [[Richard Pankhurst (academic)|Richard Pankhurst]] states that this is apparently the first recorded statement by an Ethiopian monarch about this tale, and they were likely unaware of the title until Prutky's inquiry.{{sfn|Prutky|1991|p=115}}

==Americas==
The Italian historian [[Peter Martyr d'Anghiera]] identified the land of Prester John with [[Chicora]] in his ''[[Decades of the New World]]''. [[Francisco de Chicora]], a native of what is now [[South Carolina]], who was captured by Spaniards and taken to Spain by [[Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón]], had told Anghiera that his land was ruled by priests.<ref name="Weckmann">{{cite book |last1=Weckmann |first1=Luis |title=The Medieval Heritage of Mexico |date=1992 |publisher=Fordham Univ Press |isbn=978-0-8232-1324-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E8CEBrLnh4UC&pg=25 |access-date=16 August 2023 |language=en |quote=(Dec. VII, from McNutt, De orbe novo, II, 260; and Quattlebaum, 18)}}</ref>

==End of the narrative and cultural legacy==
Seventeenth-century academics like German [[Orientalism|orientalist]] [[Hiob Ludolf]] demonstrated that there was no actual native connection between Prester John and the Ethiopian monarchs,{{sfn|Ludolf|1684}} and search for the fabled king gradually ceased. But the narrative had affected several hundred years of European and world history, directly and indirectly, by encouraging Europe's explorers, missionaries, scholars, and treasure hunters.

The prospect of finding Prester John had long since vanished, but the works about him continued to inspire through the 20th century. [[William Shakespeare]]'s 1600 play ''[[Much Ado About Nothing]]'' contains an early modern reference to the legendary king,<ref>Shakespeare, William (1600). ''Much Ado About Nothing'', act II, scene 1, line 225. '...bring you the length of Prester John’s foot...'</ref> as does [[Tirso de Molina]]'s ''[[El Burlador de Sevilla]]''.<ref>de Molina, Tirso (1630). ''El Burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra'', jornada II.</ref> In 1878 the Yiddish novelist [[Mendele Mocher Sforim]] referenced Prester John alongside numerous other Medieval Abrahamic religious myths such as the [[Red Jews]] in his novella [[The Travels of Benjamin III|''The Travels of Benjamin III'']].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Abramovitsh |first=S.Y. |title=Tales of Mendele the Book Peddler: Fishke the Lame and Benjamin the Third |publisher=Schocken Books |year=1997 |isbn=0-8052-1013-X}}</ref> In 1910, Scottish novelist and politician [[John Buchan]] used the legend in his sixth book, ''[[Prester John (novel)|Prester John]]'', to supplement a plot about a [[Zulu people|Zulu]] uprising in South Africa. This book is an archetypal example of the early 20th-century [[adventure novel]], and proved very popular in its day.

Throughout the rest of the century, Prester John appeared sporadically in [[pulp magazine|pulp fiction]] and [[comics]]. For example, [[Marvel Comics]] has featured "[[Prester John (comics)|Prester John]]" in issues of ''[[Fantastic Four]]'' and ''[[Thor (Marvel Comics)|Thor]]''. He was a significant supporting character in several issues of the [[DC Comics]] fantasy series ''[[Arak (character)|Arak: Son of Thunder]]''. [[Charles Williams (British writer)|Charles Williams]], a member of the 20th-century literary group the [[Inklings]], made Prester John a messianic protector of the Holy Grail in his 1930 novel ''War in Heaven''. Prester John and his kingdom feature in two works by [[Umberto Eco]]. The first is the 2000 novel ''[[Baudolino]]'', in which the titular protagonist enlists his friends to write the ''Letter of Prester John'' for his adoptive father [[Frederick Barbarossa]], but it is stolen before they can send it out. The second is in ''[[Serendipities]]: Language and Lunacy'' (1998) on the chapter 'The Force of Falsity' where Eco claims, regardless of scholarly consensus, that the letter from Prester John "... served as an alibi for the expansion of the Christian world..."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eco |first=Umberto |url=http://cup.columbia.edu/book/serendipities/9780231111348 |title=Serendipities: Language and Lunacy |date=October 1998 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-50014-2 |translator-last=Weaver |translator-first=William}}</ref>

In July 1986 issues, [[Avram Davidson]] published both a nonfiction essay, "Postscript on Prester John" in [[Asimov's Science Fiction]] (part of his "Adventures in Unhistory" series, and later republished in his 1993 book of that title<ref>{{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Avram |author-link=Avram Davidson |date=1993 |title=Adventures in Unhistory: Conjectures on the Factual Foundations of Several Ancient Legends |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Owlswick Press |isbn=978-0913896334}}</ref>), and a fantasy short story featuring Prester John's realm secretly still ruled by his descendant, "The King Across the Mountains" in [[Amazing Stories]] (later republished in ''[[The Adventures of Doctor Eszterhazy]]'', 1990<ref>{{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Avram |author-link=Avram Davidson |date=1990 |title=[[The Adventures of Doctor Eszterhazy]] |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Owlswick Press |isbn=978-0913896280}}</ref>).

==Heraldry==
[[File:Prester John Emblem.jpg|thumb|Prester John's coat of arms in an Italian edition of [[Sebastian Münster]]'s {{lang|la|[[Cosmographia (Sebastian Münster)|Cosmographia]]}}, 1575|alt=Engraving of a lion rampant holding a cross in its paws.]]

Various [[attributed arms]] have been given to Prester John. The nave of [[Canterbury Cathedral]], which is adorned with heraldic [[Shield boss|bosses]], represents Prester John with ''[[Azure (heraldry)|Azure]], the Saviour on the Cross [[Or (heraldry)|or]]''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Heraldic Notices of Canterbury Cathedral; with Genealogical and Topographical Notes |url=https://archive.org/details/heraldicnotices00willgoog/page/n162/mode/1up |author-last=Willement |author-first=Thomas |author-link=Thomas Willement |date=1827 |page=140 |location=London |publisher=Harding, Lepard, and Co. |via=[[Internet Archive]] |access-date=2021-06-20 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author-last=Fox |author-first=Paul A. |title=Bay 32 |website=Dr Paul A Fox, FSA |url=https://www.drpaulfoxfsa.com/bay-32 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201210925/https://www.drpaulfoxfsa.com/bay-32 |archive-date=2020-12-01 |access-date=2021-06-20}}</ref> In the 16th century, cartographer [[Abraham Ortelius]] produced a speculative map of John's empire in Africa, featuring ''A lion rampant facing to the sinister holding in its paws a quasi-Tau cross of full height''.<ref>{{Cite web |author-last=Delaney |author-first=John |title=Prester John |url=https://library.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/africa/maps-central/central.html |website=To the Mountains of the Moon: Mapping African Exploration, 1541-1880 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828084849/http://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/africa/maps-central/central.html |archive-date=2008-08-28 |url-status=live |date=2007 |publisher=Princeton University |access-date=2021-06-20 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Eldad ha-Dani]]
* [[Wandering Jew]]

==References==

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===General and cited sources===
{{refbegin|2|indent=yes}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Baring-Gould |author-first=Sabine |author-link=Sabine Baring-Gould |chapter=Prester John |title=Curious Myths of the Middle Ages |date=1877 |location=London |publisher=Rivingtons |pages=32–54 |url=https://archive.org/details/curiousmythsofmi00bariuoft/ |access-date=2021-06-17 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}
* {{cite book |last=Bowden |first=John |author-link=John Bowden (theologian) |title=A Chronology of World Christianity|year=2007|publisher=[[Continuum Books]]|isbn=978-0-8264-9633-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/chronologyofworl0000bowd}}
* {{cite book |last=Grousset |first=René |author-link=René Grousset |year=1970 |title=The Empire of the Steppes |url=https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppes00grou |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8135-1304-1}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Gumilev |author-first=Lev Nikolaevich |author-link=Lev Gumilyov |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N608AAAAIAAJ&q=arrows+dashi+khitan&pg=PA1 |title=Searches for an Imaginary Kingdom: The Legend of the Kingdom of Prester John |date=2009 |orig-date=1970 |publisher=Cambridge University|isbn=9780521322140 }}
* {{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Jackson (historian)|title=The Mongols and the West: 1221–1410|year=2005|publisher=[[Longman]]|isbn=978-0-582-36896-5}}
* {{cite book |author=Jordanus |author-link=Jordan Catala |title=Mirabilia Descripta. The Wonders of the East. |translator-last=Yule |translator-first=Henry |translator-link=Henry Yule |date=1863 |orig-date=c. 1330 |location=London |publisher=Hakluyt Society |url=https://archive.org/details/mirabiliadescrip00jord |access-date=2021-06-17 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}
* {{cite book|last=Rossabi|first=Morris |author-link=Morris Rossabi |title=Voyager from Xanadu: Rabban Sauma and the first journey from China to the West|year=1992|isbn=4-7700-1650-6|publisher=[[Kodansha International Ltd.]]|url=https://archive.org/details/voyagerfromxanad00ross}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Ludolf |author-first=Hiob |author-link=Hiob Ludolf |title=A New History of Ethiopia. Being a full and accurate description of the kingdom of Abessinia, vulgarly, though erroneously called the empire of Prester John. |date=1684 |orig-date=1681 |translator-last=J. P. |publisher=Samuel Smith |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_buNBAQAAMAAJ |access-date=2021-06-17 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Prutky |author-first=Remedius |author-link=:cs:Remedius Prutký |translator-last=Arrowsmith-Brown |translator-first=J. H. |title=Prutky's travels to Ethiopia and other countries |location=London |publisher=Hakluyt Society |year=1991 |pages=115–117 |isbn=0904180301}}
* {{cite book |author1-last=Polo |author1-first=Marco |author-link=Marco Polo |author2-last=Rustichello da Pisa |author2-link=Rustichello da Pisa |title=The Travels of Marco Polo |orig-date=c. 1300 |date=1930 |editor-last=Komroff |editor-first=Manuel |editor-link=Manuel Komroff |translator-last=Marsden |translator-first=William |translator-link=William Marsden (orientalist) |location=Garden City, New York |publisher=Garden City Publishing |url=https://archive.org/details/travelsofmarcopo00polo_2 |access-date=2021-06-17 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Silverberg |author-first=Robert |author-link=Robert Silverberg |title=The Realm of Prester John |date=1972 |location=Garden City, New York |publisher=Doubleday |url=https://archive.org/details/realmofpresterjo00silv |url-access=registration |access-date=2021-06-17 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}
* {{cite book | last=Uebel | first=M. | title=Ecstatic Transformation: On the Uses of Alterity in the Middle Ages | publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US | series=The New Middle Ages | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-137-11140-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=quYYDAAAQBAJ }}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
{{Library resources box}}

===Non-fiction===
{{refbegin|2|indent=yes}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Beckingham |editor1-first=C.F. |editor1-link=Charles Fraser Beckingham |editor2-last=Hamilton |editor2-first=Bernard |title=Prester John, the Mongols and the Ten Lost Tribes |location=Aldershot, Hampshire |publisher=Variorum |date=1996 |isbn=0-86078-553-X}} Assembly of the essential source texts and studies.
* {{cite book |author-first=Edward |author-last=Brerewood |author-link=Edward Brerewood |title=Enquiries touching the diversity of languages and religions through the chief parts of the world |date=1674 |orig-date=1614 |url=https://archive.org/details/enquiriestouchin00breruoft |access-date=2021-06-19 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}
* {{cite news |author-last=Davidson |author-first=Avram |author-link=Avram Davidson |title=Postscript on Prester John |department=Adventures in Unhistory |pages=16–61 |magazine=Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine |date=July 1986 |orig-date=July 1982 |volume=10 |number=7 (106) |editor=Gardner Dozois |publisher=Davis Publications}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Jubber |author-first=Nicholas |author-link=Nicholas Jubber |title=The Prester Quest |location=London |publisher=Doubleday |date=2005 |isbn=0-385-60702-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lq_Ifd7iqTEC |access-date=2021-06-19}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Taylor |author-first=Christopher |chapter=Prester John, Christian Enclosure, and the Spatial Transmission of Islamic Alterity in the Twelfth-Century West |title=Contextualizing the Muslim Other in Medieval Christian Discourse |editor-last=Frakes |editor-first=J. C. |location=New York |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |date=2011 |pages=39–63 |isbn=9780230370517 |doi=10.1057/9780230370517_3}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Thorndike |author-first=Lynn |author-link=Lynn Thorndike |title=A History of Magic and Experimental Science During the First Thirteen Centuries of Our Era |volume=II |chapter=Prester John and the Marvels of India |pages=236–245 |date=1923 |location=New York |publisher=Columbia University |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmagicex02thor/ |access-date=2021-06-19 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Zarncke |author-first=Friedrich |author-link=Friedrich Karl Theodor Zarncke |title=Der Priester Johannes |series=Abhandlungen der philologisch-historischen Classe der Koeniglichen Sachsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften |location=Hildesheim; New York |volume=VII-VIII |publisher=G. Olms |date=1980 |orig-date=1879-1883 |language=de |isbn=978-3-487-07013-1}}
{{refend}}

===Fiction===
{{refbegin|2|indent=yes}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Buchan |author-first=John |author-link=John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir |date=1996 |orig-date=1910 |title=Prester John |url=https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/611 |access-date=2021-06-19 |publisher=Project Gutenberg}}
* {{cite book |last=Eco |first=Umberto |author-link=Umberto Eco |year=2000 |title=[[Baudolino]] |publisher=Harcourt |isbn=0-15-602906-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Fox |first= Gardner F. |author-link=Gardner F. Fox |title=One Sword for Love |publisher=[[Gold Medal Books]] |url=https://www.gardnerfrancisfoxlibrary.com/one-sword-for-love-gardner-f-fox |access-date=2021-06-19 |via=The Gardner Francis Fox Library |series=Number 360 |location=New York |date=December 1953}}
* {{cite book |last=Frankowski |first=Leo |author-link=Leo Frankowski |date=1986 |title=The Cross-Time Engineer |publisher=Ballantine Del Rey |location=New York}}
* {{cite book |last=Hansen |first=Brooks |author-link=Brooks Hansen |year=2003 |title=The Monsters of St. Helena |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=0-312-42201-6}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Lafferty |first=R. A. |author-link=R A Lafferty |title=The All-at-Once Man |magazine=[[Galaxy Science Fiction]] |date=July 1970 |volume=30 |number=4 |pages=73–87 |location=New York |publisher=Universal Publishing |url=https://archive.org/details/Galaxy_v30n04_1970-07/page/n76/mode/1up |access-date=2021-06-19 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}
* {{cite book |last=Valente |first=Catherynne M. |author-link=Catherynne M. Valente |year=2010 |title=The Habitation of the Blessed |publisher=Night Shade |isbn=978-1-59780-199-7}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* {{cite CE1913 |last=Stockmann |first=Alois |author-link=:de:Alois Stockmann |wstitle=Prester John|short=x}}
* {{cite NIE|wstitle=Prester John|year=1905 |short=x}}
* {{cite DACB |url-id=ethiopia/prester-john |title=Prester John |first=Enrico |last=Cerulli |author-link=Enrico Cerulli |access-date=2021-06-19}}
* [https://scalar.usc.edu/works/prester-john/index The International Prester John Project: How A Global Legend Was Created Across Six Centuries]
* '''The Letter of Prester John'''
:* [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044035012046&view=1up&seq=91 Latin (interpolated)]
:* [https://scalar.usc.edu/works/prester-john/the-letter-of-prester-john English (unabridged, interpolated)]

{{Historicity}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Maritime history of Portugal]]
[[Category:Church of the East in Central Asia]]
[[Category:Medieval history of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:History of Christianity in Ethiopia]]
[[Category:History of the foreign relations of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:History of Christianity in India]]
[[Category:History of the foreign relations of India]]
[[Category:History of the foreign relations of Portugal]]
[[Category:Genghis Khan]]

Bhubaneswar Central Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:38:01Z

Proctocure: new first data needs work

{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhubaneswar Central (Madhya)
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 112
| type = SLA
| map_image = 112-Bhubaneshwar Central.svg
| map_caption = Bhubaneswar Central Assembly constituency in [[Khordha district]]
| map_alt =
| division = Central Division
| district = [[Khordha district|Khordha]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bhubaneswar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhubaneswar]]
| established = 2009
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Ananta Narayan Jena]]
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 2,19,233{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}

'''Bhubaneswar Central (Madhya)''' is a [[Legislative Assembly of Odisha|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly|constituency]] of [[Khordha district]], [[Odisha]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=112|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009195657/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=112|url-status=usurped|archive-date=9 October 2017|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2009|work=empoweringindia.org|quote=Constituency: Bhubaneswar Central(Madhya) (112) District: Khordha|accessdate=9 October 2017}}</ref>

This constituency includes Ward No. 16 to 29 and 35 to 41 of [[Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation|BMC]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their Extent] Retrieved 9 October 2017</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha] Retrieved 9 October 2017.</ref>

The constituency was formed in 2008 Delimitation<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delimitation 2008 |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/forms/int1.pdf |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]] |access-date=25 May 2024 |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529075331/https://elections.tn.gov.in/Web/forms/int1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and went for polls in [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 election]].

==Elected members==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|47.68}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|53.40}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|53.71}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|60.89}}
}}

Since its formation in 2009, 4 elections were held till date.

List of members elected from Bhubaneswar Central constituency are:<ref name=Candidate>{{cite web|title=Bhubaneswar Central (Madhya) Assembly Constituency, Orissa|url=http://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/bhubaneswar-central.html|publisher=Compare Infobase Limited|accessdate=9 October 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Portrait
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":0" />
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Ananta Narayan Jena]]
|{{full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name="election2019" />
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":1" />
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |Bijaya Kumar Mohanty
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":2" />
|-
! colspan="5" |{{center|''Till 2009 : See [[Bhubaneswar Assembly constituency|Bhubaneswar]]''}}
|}
== Election results ==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 25 May 2024 in 3rd phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 6th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Ananta Narayan Jena]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Jagannath Pradhan by a margin of 37 votes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bhubaneswar Central (Madhya) Assembly Election Results 2024: Bhubaneswar Central (Madhya) Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/bhubaneswar-central-madhya-constituency-result-18112 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]], Bhubaneswar Central}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Ananta Narayan Jena]]
|votes = 53,759
|percentage = 47.68
|change = {{decrease}}5.72
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Jagannath Pradhan
|votes = 53,722
|percentage = 47.65
|change = {{increase}}5.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Prakash Chandra Jena
|votes = 3,308
|percentage = 2.93
|change = {{increase}}0.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 689
|percentage = 0.61
|change = {{decrease}}0.12
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 37
|percentage = 0.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,12,754
|percentage = 51.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2019 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Ananta Narayan Jena]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Jagannath Pradhan by a margin of 11,442 votes.<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2019 to the Legislative Assembly of Odisha |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |accessdate=7 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|
| title=[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Bhubaneshwar|Bhubaneshwar Central (Madhya)]]<ref name="TP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-III) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase3/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%283rd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf|website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=20 April 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Ananta Narayan Jena]]
|votes = 54,022
|percentage = 53.40
|change = {{decrease}}0.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Jagannath Pradhan
|votes = 42,580
|percentage = 42.09
|change = {{increase}}12.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Rajib Patnaik
|votes = 2,746
|percentage = 2.71
|change = {{decrease}}9.54
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 740
|percentage = 0.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 11,442
|percentage = 11.31
|change=
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,03,432
|percentage = 43.33
|change=
}}
{{Election box hold with party link without swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Bijaya Kumar Mohanty defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Jagannath Pradhan by a margin of 22,389 votes.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Bhubaneswar Central (madhya) Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/bhubaneswarcentral-madhya-odisha-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Bhubaneswar Central (Madhya)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS18112.htm?ac=112|title=Constituencywise-All Candidates|accessdate=25 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812030459/http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS18112.htm?ac=112|archivedate=12 August 2014|url-status=dead|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Bijaya Kumar Mohanty
|votes = 50,107
|percentage = 53.71
|change = {{decrease}}7.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Jagannath Pradhan
|votes = 27,718
|percentage = 29.71
|change = {{increase}}14.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Shuvendu Mohanty
|votes = 11,429
|percentage = 12.25
|change = {{increase}}2.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,009
|percentage = 0.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 22,389
|percentage = 24
|change=
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 93,285
|percentage = 41.96%
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 2,22,337<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/EROLL_ANALYSIS/FORMAT1TO8_SUP3_2014/Format2B.pdf|title=Constituency-Wise Elector Information (Elector-Population Ratio)|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|year=2014|access-date=9 October 2017}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Bijaya Kumar Mohanty defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Biswabhusan Harichandan]] by a margin of 34,985 votes.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html|title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin|website=leadtech.in|quote=34985|accessdate=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html|archive-date=27 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Bhubaneswar Central (Madhya)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_OR_April2009.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|date=April 2009|accessdate=9 October 2017}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Bijaya Kumar Mohanty
|votes = 46,417
|percentage = 60.89
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Biswabhusan Harichandan]]
|votes = 11,432
|percentage = 15.00
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Jagannath Pradhan
|votes = 8,159
|percentage = 10.70
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Alok Jena
|votes = 7,176
|percentage = 9.41
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 34,985
|percentage = 45.89{{efn|% of total valid votes}}
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 76,284
|percentage = 33.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 2,25,828
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Khordha district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha}}
{{coord|20.291|85.831|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Khordha district]]
[[Category:Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Orissa]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2009]]

Gehrwin Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:40:21Z

Proctocure: starting new details - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Himachal Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Gehrwin
|type= SLA
|state = Himachal Pradesh
|established = 1967
|abolished = 2007
|electors = 66,003
|mla = Rikhi Ram Kaundal
|party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}

'''Gehrwin Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan=2 | Niku Ram || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Bachittar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || Ganu Ram || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan=2 | Rikhi Ram Kaundal
|-
| [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || Dr. Beeru Ram Kishore || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || Rikhi Ram Kaundal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || Dr. Beeru Ram Kishore || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]] || Rikhi Ram Kaundal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gehrwin}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rikhi Ram Kaundal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=24,411 |percentage=52.32% |change={{increase}}8.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Beeru Ram Kishore |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,777 |percentage=42.39% |change={{increase}}38.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sukh Dev |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,942 |percentage=4.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Kumar |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=513 |percentage=1.10% |change={{increase}}0.49 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,634 |percentage=9.93% |change= {{increase}}6.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=46,656 |percentage=70.69% |change= {{decrease}}6.65 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,003 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.14 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}4.64 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gehrwin<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Beeru Ram Kishore |party=Independent politician |votes=21,512 |percentage=47.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rikhi Ram Kaundal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=19,958 |percentage=44.24% |change={{decrease}}5.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roop Rani |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,693 |percentage=3.75% |change={{decrease}}41.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharminder Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,680 |percentage=3.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Kumar |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=275 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,554 |percentage=3.44% |change= {{decrease}}0.88 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=45,118 |percentage=77.46% |change= {{increase}}4.41 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,340 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.90 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}2.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gehrwin<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rikhi Ram Kaundal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=18,268 |percentage=49.76% |change={{increase}}11.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Beeru Ram Kishore |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,682 |percentage=45.44% |change={{decrease}}14.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bachiter Singh |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=1,443 |percentage=3.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,586 |percentage=4.32% |change= {{decrease}}16.88 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=36,710 |percentage=73.77% |change= {{decrease}}1.02 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,336 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.08 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gehrwin<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111133700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Beeru Ram Kishore |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,604 |percentage=59.83% |change={{increase}}15.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kondal Rihi Ram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=13,304 |percentage=38.63% |change={{decrease}}15.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pyar Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=280 |percentage=0.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,300 |percentage=21.20% |change= {{increase}}11.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=34,437 |percentage=74.35% |change= {{increase}}4.47 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 46,571 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.65 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gehrwin<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114181905/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rikhi Ram Kaundal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=15,784 |percentage=53.97% |change={{decrease}}0.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Beeru Ram Kishore |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,833 |percentage=43.88% |change={{increase}}1.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shankari Devi Kutal |party=Independent politician |votes=361 |percentage=1.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,951 |percentage=10.09% |change= {{decrease}}1.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=29,244 |percentage=70.11% |change= {{decrease}}3.31 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 42,090 |ref = |change= {{increase}}32.76 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gehrwin<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114090530/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rikhi Ram Kaundal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=12,477 |percentage=54.07% |change={{increase}}17.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Beeru Ram Kishore |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,856 |percentage=42.71% |change={{increase}}17.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bachittar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=499 |percentage=2.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shankari Devi Kutwal |party=Independent politician |votes=203 |percentage=0.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,621 |percentage=11.36% |change= {{increase}}8.54 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,076 |percentage=73.29% |change= {{increase}}5.10 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,704 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.80 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}17.55 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gehrwin<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1982 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117041754/eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganu Ram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,477 |percentage=36.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rikhi Ram Kaundal |party=Independent politician |votes=6,901 |percentage=33.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Niku Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,074 |percentage=24.78% |change={{increase}}7.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Prakash |party=Independent politician |votes=737 |percentage=3.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Banta Ram |party=Janata Party |votes=286 |percentage=1.40% |change={{decrease}}69.50 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=576 |percentage=2.81% |change= {{decrease}}51.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=20,475 |percentage=68.67% |change= {{increase}}13.92 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,251 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.18 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}34.38 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gehrwin<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319174923/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bachittar Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=10,466 |percentage=70.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rikhi Ram Kaundal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,484 |percentage=16.83% |change={{decrease}}36.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narain Das |party=Independent politician |votes=1,812 |percentage=12.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,982 |percentage=54.07% |change= {{increase}}44.92 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,762 |percentage=54.39% |change= {{increase}}15.89 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,457 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.43 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gehrwin<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3802-himachal-pradesh-1972/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Niku Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,994 |percentage=53.03% |change={{increase}}5.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bachittar Sigh |party=Lok Raj Party Himachal Pradesh |votes=4,132 |percentage=43.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Durga Dass |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=292 |percentage=3.10% |change={{decrease}}28.30 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=862 |percentage=9.15% |change= {{decrease}}6.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,418 |percentage=38.74% |change= {{decrease}}5.69 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,864 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}15.88 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gehrwin<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081612/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Niku Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,085 |percentage=47.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. N. Giri |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=4,043 |percentage=31.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,157 |percentage=8.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=637 |percentage=4.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurdittu |party=Independent politician |votes=506 |percentage=3.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Ram |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=448 |percentage=3.48% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,042 |percentage=15.86% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,876 |percentage=47.06% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,557 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh}}
{{coords|31.35|76.69|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2007]]
[[Category:2007 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{HimachalPradesh-geo-stub}}

Abhimanyu Poonia

2026-04-01T02:57:02Z

Proctocure: new basic post w/ sources

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Abhimanyu Poonia
| image =
| birth_date =
| office = Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Sangaria Assembly constituency|Sangaria]]
| term_start = 3 December 2023
| predecessor = [[Gurdeep Singh Shahpini]]
| office1 = [[Rajasthan Youth Congress|President Rajasthan Youth Congress]]
| predecessor1 = [[Ganesh Ghogra]]
| term_start1 = 16 December 2023
| term_end1 =
| office2 = President, [[National Students Union of India|Rajasthan NSUI]]<ref>{{Cite web|title= Abhimanyu Poonia elected as president of NSUI Rajasthan|url=https://www.amarujala.com/jaipur/abhimanyu-punia-will-be-new-state-president-of-nsui}}</ref>
| term_start2 = 2017
| term_end2 = 2020
| successor2 = Abhishek Chaudhary
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Bhawna Thapan
| parents =
| education = [[Master of Arts]]
| website =
| caption =
| alma_mater = [[University of Rajasthan]]
}}

'''Abhimanyu Poonia''' is an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[16th Rajasthan Assembly|16th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from [[Sangaria Assembly constituency|Sangaria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abhimanyu Poonia Marriage: अभिमन्यु पूनिया की 25 फरवरी को शादी, जानिए कौन हैं भावना जो बनेंगी कांग्रेस विधायक की दुल्हन |url=https://rajasthan.ndtv.in/rajasthan-news/congress-mla-abhimanyu-poonia-marriage-on-25th-february-know-about-abhimanyus-bride-bhavna-7643211 |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=rajasthan.ndtv.in |language=hi}}</ref> He is also president of the [[Rajasthan Youth Congress]] and member of the [[Indian National Congress]]. Previously he was state president of the [[National Students' Union of India|National Students Union of India]] (NSUI) in Rajasthan from 2017 to 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abhimanyu Poonia is Youth Congress state prez |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/abhimanyu-poonia-youth-congress-state-president-in-jaipur/articleshow/106056354.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Abhimanyu Poonia wins from Sangaria constituency |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/sangaria-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470612-2023-12-03}}</ref>

== Political career ==
From 2017 to 2020, Poonia was state president of the [[National Students' Union of India|National Students Union of India]] (NSUI) in Rajasthan. In 2020, he resigned from this post in support of [[Sachin Pilot]] during a political crisis within the Congress party, alongside claims that 400-500 post-holders in Youth Congress, NSUI, and Seva Dal also resigned in protest.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-14 |title=Rajasthan NSUI president Abhimanyu Poonia resigns |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rajasthan-nsui-president-abhimanyu-poonia-resigns-1700566-2020-07-14 |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-07-14 |title=Rajasthan NSUI president Abhimanyu Poonia resigns in support of Sachin Pilot |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/rajasthan-nsui-president-abhimanyu-poonia-resigns-in-support-of-sachin-pilot/articleshow/76959867.cms |access-date=2025-06-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In December 2023, Poonia won the [[Sangaria Assembly constituency|Sangaria assembly]] seat, becoming a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) in the [[16th Rajasthan Assembly]]. Around the same time, he was appointed president of the [[Rajasthan Pradesh Youth Congress|Rajasthan Youth Congress]], a position he continues to hold.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-17 |title=Abhimanyu Poonia is Youth Congress state prez |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/abhimanyu-poonia-youth-congress-state-president-in-jaipur/articleshow/106056354.cms |access-date=2025-06-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In June 2025, Poonia participated in a protest led by [[Hanuman Beniwal]] regarding the Udaipur doctor suicide case.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-19 |title=Rajasthan doctor died by suicide over harassment by senior, family stages protest |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rajasthan-doctor-died-by-suicide-over-harassment-by-senior-family-stages-protest-2743305-2025-06-19 |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> On 20 June, the state government agreed to all demands made by the deceased doctor's family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=डॉ. राकेश बिश्नोई सुसाइड मामला, 7 दिन बाद धरना समाप्त, सरकार और परिजनों के बीच बनी सहमति |url=https://rajasthan.ndtv.in/rajasthan-news/dr-rakesh-bishnoi-suicide-case-protest-ends-after-7-days-agreement-reached-between-the-government-and-the-family-8718352 |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=rajasthan.ndtv.in |language=hi}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Poonia, Abhimanyu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Hanumangarh district]]
[[Category:Indian Youth Congress]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]

Sector 71, Mohali

2026-03-26T17:16:55Z

Proctocure:

{{Multiple issues|{{One source|date=December 2025}}
{{Update|date=December 2025}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sector 71
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Sector
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Punjab
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.703971|N|76.709552|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mohali district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Others
| demographics1_info2 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 160071
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0172
| registration_plate = PB 65
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sector 71''' is a residential sector located in [[Mohali]], [[Punjab]]. It is covered with [[Mattaur]], Sector 72, Sector 70, [[Sohana]], Sector 60 and Sector 76, Mohali.

==Access==
Sector 71 is situated on Himalaya Marg, on [[Chandigarh]]-[[Sohana]] road and Mohali Bypass road. It is well connected by road, rail and air. The nearest airports are [[Chandigarh Airport]] and railway station at Industrial Area - Phase 9. It is entry point from all sides of Punjab towards Mohali Bus Stand. [[Auto rickshaw|Auto rickshaws]] are easily available for [[commuting]]. A few [[Chandigarh Transport Undertaking|CTU]] local buses also available connecting [[PGI (Mohali)|PGI]] and [[Landran]].<ref>Retrieved from CTU Official Website: Routemap [http://chdctu.gov.in/PDF/cturoutes.pdf Route Description]</ref>

== LeOrion Observatory ==
The LeOrion Observatory is located in Sector 71. The name of the centre is a portmanteau of the constellations [[Leo (constellation)|Leo]] and [[Orion (constellation)|Orion]]. LeOrion provides information regarding astronomical events, particularly lunar and planetary observations, to the public. The stellar observations are carried out for [[Mass spectrometry|spectrum analysis]].

The observatory consists of Meade LX-90ACF 12-inches telescope. The observatory is under private ownership since 26 September 2016 and will soon be open to public and [[Amateur astronomy|amateur astronomers]] of [[North India]]. The main focus of the observatory is to capture the spectrum of the [[Binary star|binary stars]], [[Planetary nebula|planetary nebulae]], [[Supernova remnant|supernova remnants]], [[Comet|comets]], [[Redshift|redshifts]] or [[Redshift|blueshifts]] and stars having an [[apparent magnitude]] greater than +6.5 (invisible to [[naked eye]]). The observatory is governed by Amrinderjit Singh.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mohali}}

[[Category:Mohali]]
[[Category:Sectors of Mohali]]

The Hungry Stones

2026-03-26T10:33:59Z

Proctocure:

{{Short description|1895 short story by Rabindranath Tagore}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox short story 
| name = The Hungry Stones
| image = The Hungry Stones - The Modern Review, 1910 (cropped).png
| caption = The first page of "The Hungry Stones" as it appeared in ''[[Modern Review (Calcutta)|The Modern Review]]'' in 1910.
| author = [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
| country = India
| language = [[Bengali literature|Bengali]]
| genre =
| published_in =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = [[1895 in literature|1895]]
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| wikisource = The Hungry Stones
| title_orig = Kshudhita Pashan Khudito Pashan
}}
"'''The Hungry Stones'''" ({{langx|bn|Kshudhita Pashan or Khudito Pashan}}) is a [[Bengali literature|Bengali]] short story written by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] in 1895. The story is about a tax collector, who is sent to a small town and stays at a former palace which is believed to be haunted. Every night, he becomes more consumed by the spirits of the inhabitants of the palace from the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal times]] and a beautiful Persian woman.

== Background ==
Tagore was inspired to write this story after he had stayed in [[Shah Jahan]]'s [[Moti Shahi Mahal]] palace [[Shahibaug]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], situated near the [[Sabarmati River]] (in the story this became the Shusta River). This was where Tagore's elder brother, [[Satyendranath Tagore|Satyendranath]], was serving as a judge at the time.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXJKSul32ZsC|title=Celebrating Tagore : a collection of essays|last=Datta |first=Rama|last2=Seely|first2=Clinton|date=2009|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788184244243|oclc=623263320|pages=3}}</ref>

==Plot summary==
While returning to [[Calcutta]] from a [[pilgrimage]], the narrator and his [[theosophist]] companion meet a mysterious but captivating man on the train. The three disembark at a junction and, while waiting for a delayed connection, the man begins to tell them about his past.

In his tale, told as a [[story within a story]], the mysterious man takes a post as a cotton [[tax collector]] in Barich. He stays in an abandoned marble palace built 250 years prior by Emperor [[Muhammad Shah II]]. Though warned never to spend the night there, he moves in. Isolated and eerie, the palace begins to affect him. He hears ghostly footsteps, glimpses spectral figures, and senses the presence of past lives—especially that of a veiled [[Persians|Persian]] woman. He starts to feel the palace is slowly consuming him. Night after night, he experiences increasingly vivid visions: women laughing, fountains splashing, music, scents, and encounters with spectral beings. These episodes become more immersive, blurring the boundary between dream and reality. When eventually he resolves to escape, however, the man finds himself unable to leave. An old clerk, Karim Khan, explains that the palace is cursed—haunted by unfulfilled desires and passions that have made its very stones "hungry." When asked how to break the spell, the clerk begins to tell the story of a young Persian girl.

Returning to the frame narrative, the mysterious man's story is interrupted when the train arrives and he departs in a [[first-class carriage]]. The original narrator and his companion never hear the end of the tale, and—in the end—it is unclear whether the mysterious man's experience was pure fiction, a supernatural encounter, or a descent into madness.

==Adaptations==
The story has been adapted a number of times as listed below:
*''[[Kshudhita Pashan]]'' by [[Tapan Sinha]], 1960 Bengali film
*''[[Lekin...]]'' by [[Gulzar]], 1991 Hindi film

==Other ghost stories by Tagore==
Tagore wrote several other [[ghost story|ghost stories]], including ''The Skeleton'', ''Lost Jewels'', ''In the Middle of the Night,'' and ''False Hope''.

==See also==
* [[List of works of Rabindranath Tagore]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{wikisource|The Hungry Stones}}
* {{Gutenberg book | no=2518 | name=The Hungry Stones, and Other Stories }}
* {{ISFDB title|905600|short=yes}}

{{Rabindranath Tagore}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hungry Stones}}
[[Category:1895 short stories]]
[[Category:Works by Rabindranath Tagore]]
[[Category:Indian short stories]]
[[Category:Short stories about ghosts]]
[[Category:Indian short stories adapted into films]]
[[Category:Short stories set in India]]

{{1890s-horror-story-stub}}

Salem, Tamil Nadu

2026-03-26T03:40:01Z

Proctocure: update page and fixed typos based on references

{{Short description|City in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Other places|Salem (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Salem
| official_name =
| native_name = சேலம்
| native_name_lang = ta
| settlement_type = City
| image_seal =
| image_shield = SCMC Emblem.png
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 290
| image_style =
| perrow = 2/2/2
| image1 = Salem city from Hills.jpg
| caption1 = View of the city
| image2 = Modern theatres.jpg
| caption2 = [[Modern Theatres]]
| image3 = Salem Junction.jpg
| caption3 = [[Salem Junction railway station|Salem Junction]]
| image4 = Salem collector office.JPG
| caption4 = [[Salem District|District collectorate]]
| image5 =MultiSpeciality_Hospital_salem.jpg
| caption5 = [[Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College|Government hospital]]
| image6 = Salem Corporation Head office panoramic view.jpg
| caption6 = [[Salem City Municipal Corporation|Municipal corporation]]
}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname = [[Steel City]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mygov.in/group-issue/my-salem-my-pride/|title=My Salem – My Pride|date=30 October 2015|work=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201193418/https://www.mygov.in/group-issue/my-salem-my-pride/|archive-date=1 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
| map_alt = Location of Salem
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|11.65|N|78.15|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Salem district|Salem]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]
| governing_body = [[Salem City Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = A. Ramachandran ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]])
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 91.34
| area_metro_km2 = 799.59
| area_metro_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://salem.nic.in/salem-local-planning-area-slpa/#
|title=About Salem|work=[[Salem Municipal Corporation]]|access-date=1 October 2020}}</ref>
| area_rank = 5
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 278
| population_total = 829,267
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes = <ref name=2011census/>
| population_rank = [[List of cities in Tamil Nadu by population|5th]]
| population_metro = 917,414
| population_blank1_title = Metro rank
| population_blank1 = [[Urban agglomerations in Tamil Nadu|6th]]
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="UA_2011">{{cite web|title=Primary Census Abstract – Urban Agglomeration|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/DigitalLibrary/MFTableSeries.aspx|format=XLS|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|access-date=13 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315050316/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/DigitalLibrary/MFTableSeries.aspx|archive-date=15 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_note =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[English language|English]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 636xxx
| area_code = [[Telephone numbers in India|+91-427]]
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = TN-27, TN-30, TN-54, TN-90
| website = {{URL|salem.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| other_name =
| population_demonym = Salemian, Salethar
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-TN]]
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank_info_sec1 = 0.669 {{color|orange|medium}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259378128|title=Some Aspects of Inter District Disparities in Tamil Nadu|access-date=26 January 2018}}</ref>
| blank1_info_sec1 = 987 [[female|♀]]/ 1000 [[male|♂]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank_info_sec2 = 84.42%<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/475-salem.html |title=Salem City Census 2011 data |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India |access-date=22 September 2014 }}</ref>
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[GDP]] (2020)
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{USD|10.354|year=2020}} billion<ref name="GDP">{{cite web |title=Salem overview | url=https://metroverse.cid.harvard.edu/city/8278/overview | access-date=8 August 2025 | work=Metroverse}}</ref>
}}

'''Salem''' ({{IPA|ta|seːlam|pron|Salem.ogg}}) is a city in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is located on the banks of the [[Thirumanimutharu River]] and surrounded by the [[Eastern Ghats]]. It is the [[List of cities in Tamil Nadu by population|fifth]] largest city in the state as per the [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]]. It is the administrative capital of [[Salem District]] and is administered by the [[Salem Municipal Corporation]] which was established in 1994.

The history of the region dates back to the [[Sangam period]] (1st–4th centuries CE), when it was part of the [[Cheras|Chera Empire]]. It was engaged in trade with the [[Roman Empire]], evidenced by Roman coins, dating back to the era, found in archeological excavations in the region. The region was ruled by various successive dynasties including the [[Pandyas]], [[Pallavas]], [[Cholas]], and [[Hoysalas]]. In the 14th century, it became part of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]], and later ruled by the [[Madurai Nayaks]]. During the period, the governance was under the control of local chieftains known as [[Poligars]].

By the late 18th century, it came under the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] after conflicts with the Madurai Nayaks. Following the defeat of [[Tipu Sultan]] in the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars]], the region was annexed by the [[British East India Company]] and integrated into the [[Madras Presidency]]. Salem district was formally established in 1792. The region played a role in early resistance against the British, and was the base of [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]] during the Second [[Polygar War]]. After Indian independence, Salem became part of the [[Madras Province]], which later became [[Tamil Nadu]].

In modern times, Salem has developed into a major industrial and economic hub, known for [[textiles]], [[steel]] production, and agro-based industries like [[sago]] extraction and [[mango]] cultivation. It is home to the [[Salem Steel Plant]] and several industrial corridors and [[special economic zone]]s. The city has a well developed transport network including rail, highways, and an airport, and is home to several educational institutions.

==History==
The region was part of the [[Chera dynasty|Chera Empire]] during [[Sangam period]] between c. 1st and the 4th centuries CE.<ref>{{cite web|title=Far East Kingdoms of South Asia: Cheras|url=http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaCheras.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217112250/http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaCheras.htm|archive-date=17 February 2017|access-date=25 February 2017|work=The History Files}}</ref> The city might have had trade connections with the [[Roman Empire]] in the 1st century CE, evident from the Roman coins bearing the seal of Emperor [[Tiberius]] (37–68 CE) found in the region. In the 2nd century CE, the region came under the rule of the [[Pandyas]]. In the 4th century CE, the [[Pallavas]] rose to power in the region, and it was the center of conflict between the Pallavas and the Pandyas over thee 8th and 9th centuries CE. In the 10th century, the region was captured by the [[Cholas]]. After the decline of the Chola Empire in the 12th century CE, the region was under the rule of the [[Hoysalas]] and the Later Pandyas in the 12th–13th centuries CE.<ref name="Hist">{{cite web|url=https://salem.nic.in/history/|title=History|work=Salem district administration|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref>

The region came under the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] in the 14th century CE. It was later governed by [[Poligars]], military chieftains under the Vijayanagara and the later Nayak rule.<ref>{{cite book|author=E. H. Warmington|title=The Commerce between the Roman Empire and India|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2014|isbn=978-1107-432-14-7|page=144}}</ref> In the latter part of the 18th century, the region came under the [[Kingdom of Mysore]], following a series of wars with the [[Madurai Nayak dynasty]]. After the [[Siege of Coimbatore|defeat]] of [[Tipu Sultan]] in the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars]], the [[British East India Company]] annexed the region to the [[Madras Presidency]]. The [[Salem district]] was established in 4 April 1792 and consisted of the present-day districts of Salem,[[Namakkal district|Namakkal]], [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]], and [[Krishnagiri district|Krishnagiri]].<ref>{{cite web|date=10 April 2016|title=Salem's history on a map|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Salem|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/salems-history-on-a-map/article8456869.ece|url-status=live|access-date=28 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909014038/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/salems-history-on-a-map/article8456869.ece|archive-date=9 September 2017}}</ref> The region played a prominent role in the Second [[Poligar War]] (1801), when it was the area of operations of [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Asha Sridhar|date=30 January 2015|title=Winding the clock back, anti-colonial wise|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/winding-the-clock-back-anticolonial-wise/article6835999.ece|access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> After Indian independence in 1947, it became part of the [[Madras Province]], which later became [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="Hist"/>

== Geography and climate ==
[[File:View_of_Kalvarayan_Hills_from_Arasampattu.jpg|thumb|[[Kalrayan Hills]], which abut the city]]
[[File:Salem from Yercaud.jpg|thumb|View of Salem from [[Shevaroy Hills]]]]

{{Main|Geography of Salem}}

Salem is located in [[Kongu Nadu|Western Tamil Nadu]], between the [[Kalrayan Hills|Kalrayan]] and [[Pachaimalai Hills]] of the [[Eastern Ghats]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/25/Salem.html |title=Salem |work=Falling Rain |access-date=10 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013121956/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/25/Salem.html |archive-date=13 October 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Brit">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Salem-India|title=Salem|work=[[Britannica]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> The [[Thirumanimutharu River]] flows through the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/river-thirumanimuthar-cries-for-attention/article7804532.ece|title=River Thirumanimuthar cries for attention|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 October 2015|access-date=5 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205130548/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/river-thirumanimuthar-cries-for-attention/article7804532.ece|archive-date=5 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The river originates in the [[Shevaroy Hills]], and joins the [[Kaveri]] later.<ref name="Profile">{{cite web|url=http://www.cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/TamilNadu/Salem.pdf|title=District Ground Water Profile|publisher=Central Ground Water Board|access-date=5 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403092016/http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/TamilNadu/Salem.pdf|archive-date=3 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{rp|page=5}} The terrain is rocky and undulating with isolated hillocks. [[Red soil]] is predominant though [[Chernozem|black soil]] is found in isolated pockets.<ref name="Profile"/>{{rp|page=8}}

===Climate===
Salem has a [[tropical climate]] with a high [[humidity]]. The summer extends from March to May, with maximum temperatures in April. The temperature starts to drop in mid June, with the onset of the [[monsoon]].<ref name="Profile"/>{{rp|page=7}} The region receives almost equal rainfall from both southwest and northeast monsoon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tnenvis.nic.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/file/9_SALEM_RAINFALL.pdf|title=Rainfall projections for Salem|publisher=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=5 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205184519/http://www.tnenvis.nic.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/file/9_SALEM_RAINFALL.pdf|archive-date=5 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> November to February are the cooler months, with the temperature dropping to an average minimum of {{cvt|19.2|C}} in December.<ref name="Profile"/>{{rp|page=7}}

{{Weather box
|location = Salem, Tamil Nadu (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2020)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| width = auto
| Jan record high C = 37.2
| Feb record high C = 39.8
| Mar record high C = 41.7
| Apr record high C = 42.8
| May record high C = 42.8
| Jun record high C = 42.8
| Jul record high C = 40.6
| Aug record high C = 39.9
| Sep record high C = 38.9
| Oct record high C = 37.9
| Nov record high C = 36.4
| Dec record high C = 35.6
| year record high C = 42.8
| Jan high C = 32.1
| Feb high C = 34.5
| Mar high C = 37.0
| Apr high C = 37.8
| May high C = 37.1
| Jun high C = 35.0
| Jul high C = 34.1
| Aug high C = 33.3
| Sep high C = 33.3
| Oct high C = 32.2
| Nov high C = 30.9
| Dec high C = 30.5
| year high C = 34.0
| Jan low C = 19.3
| Feb low C = 20.3
| Mar low C = 22.6
| Apr low C = 25.1
| May low C = 25.2
| Jun low C = 24.3
| Jul low C = 23.7
| Aug low C = 23.3
| Sep low C = 23.1
| Oct low C = 22.6
| Nov low C = 21.4
| Dec low C = 19.8
| year low C = 22.6
| Jan record low C = 12.8
| Feb record low C = 11.1
| Mar record low C = 14.4
| Apr record low C = 16.5
| May record low C = 18.3
| Jun record low C = 19.3
| Jul record low C = 18.9
| Aug record low C = 18.1
| Sep record low C = 18.5
| Oct record low C = 15.5
| Nov record low C = 12.8
| Dec record low C = 12.8
| year record low C = 11.1
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 2.8
| Feb rain mm = 2.8
| Mar rain mm = 9.6
| Apr rain mm = 58.1
| May rain mm = 106.6
| Jun rain mm = 74.4
| Jul rain mm = 88.8
| Aug rain mm = 151.2
| Sep rain mm = 156.3
| Oct rain mm = 197.5
| Nov rain mm = 112.5
| Dec rain mm = 31.6
| year rain mm = 992.5
| Jan rain days = 0.2
| Feb rain days = 0.2
| Mar rain days = 0.4
| Apr rain days = 3.4
| May rain days = 5.7
| Jun rain days = 4.7
| Jul rain days = 5.5
| Aug rain days = 8.2
| Sep rain days = 8.2
| Oct rain days = 10.0
| Nov rain days = 6.4
| Dec rain days = 2.6
| year rain days = 55.6
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 45
| Feb humidity = 38
| Mar humidity = 33
| Apr humidity = 41
| May humidity = 49
| Jun humidity = 54
| Jul humidity = 56
| Aug humidity = 58
| Sep humidity = 60
| Oct humidity = 67
| Nov humidity = 66
| Dec humidity = 57
|year humidity = 52
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Salem Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 679–680
| access-date = 29 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M203
| access-date = 29 March 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|state=collapsed
|align=right
|1871 |50012
|1881 |50667
|1891 |67710
|1901 |70621
|1911|59153
|1921|52244
|1931|102179
|1941|129702
|1951|203052
|1961|249145
|1971|
|1981|
|1991|366712
|2001|696760
|2011|829267
}}

The city covers an area of {{cvt|91.34|km2}}.<ref name="About"/> As per the [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]], the city had a population of 829,267 inhabitants. There were 987 females for every 1,000 males. Of these, 79,067 were under the age of six: 40,570 males and 38,497 females. The city's literacy rate was 76.37 percent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/475-salem.html|title=Salem|work=Census 2011|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113144743/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|archive-date=13 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Salem had 215,747 households and 332,147 were employed. This included 1,599 farmers, 3,040 agricultural laborers, 32,597 in household industries, 278,892 other workers, 16,019 part-time workers, 165 part-time farmers, 544 part-time agricultural workers, 1,937 part-time workers in household industries, and 13,373 other part-time workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals – Salem(05740)|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=684822|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924144330/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=684822|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tamil language|Tamil]] was the most spoken language with 73.8% of the population citing it as their native language. Other significant languages included [[Telugu language|Telugu]] (10.8%), [[Kannada]] (5.83%), and [[Urdu]] (5%).<ref name="language">{{cite report |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu (Urban) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10259/download/13371/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-3300.XLSX |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Administration and politics==
{| class="toccolours" style="clear:right; float:right; background:#ffffff; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width:220"
|-
!style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan="2"|Municipal officials
|-
! Commissioner
| Elangovan<ref>{{cite web|title=Commissioner of municipal corporation|url=https://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/download/officers.pdf|work=[[Salem Municipal Corporation]]|access-date=29 December 2025}}</ref>
|-
!Mayor
|A. Ramachandran ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]])<ref name="Who">{{cite web|url=https://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/office-head-quarters.php|title=Headquarters|work=[[Salem Municipal Corporation]]|access-date=29 December 2025}}</ref>
|-
!Deputy Mayor
| Saradha Devi ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]])<ref name="Who"/>
|-
!style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan="2"|Member of Legislative Assembly
|-
!|[[Salem North (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem North]]
|[[R. Rajendran (DMK politician)|R. Rajendhran]] ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]])<ref>{{cite web|title=MLA of Salem North|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/089.htm|work=[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]|access-date=1 March 2026}}</ref>
|-
![[Salem West (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem West]]
|[[Arul Ramadoss]]([[Pattali Makkal Katchi|PMK]])<ref>{{cite web|title=MLA of Salem West|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/090.htm|work=[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]|access-date=1 March 2026}}</ref>
|-
![[Salem South (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem South]]
|[[E. Balasubramanian]] ([[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]])<ref>{{cite web|title=MLA of Salem South|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/088.htm|work=[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]|access-date=1 March 2026}}</ref>
|-
!style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan="2"|Member of Parliament
|-
![[Salem (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salem]]
|[[T. M. Selvaganapathy]] ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Members of Lok Sabha from Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/GELS2024_MPs.aspx|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref>
|}

Salem is the headquarters of [[Salem district]]. The town was constituted as a municipality in 1867, and was upgraded to a special-grade municipality in 1979 and to a [[municipal corporation]] on 1 April 1994.<ref name="About">{{cite web|url=https://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/about-corporation.php|title=About the corporation|work=[[Salem Municipal Corporation]]|access-date=29 December 2025}}</ref> The city is organised into 72 wards, each represented by an elected councillor.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Salem-Corporation-to-increase-number-of-wards/article14377048.ece|title= Salem Corporation to increase number of wards|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=1 June 2016|access-date=5 February 2018}}</ref> The [[Salem Municipal Corporation]] is headed by a mayor, who is elected by the councillors.<ref>{{cite web|title=About the municipal corporation|url=http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/about-corporation.html|work=[[Salem Municipal Corporation]]|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525235102/https://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/about-corporation.html|archive-date=25 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Economic and political weekly, Volume 30|pages=2396|publisher=Sameeksha Trust|year=1995}}</ref> The administration is governed by a municipal commissioner, and it is divided into six departments: general administration and personnel, engineering, revenue, public health, city planning and information technology.<ref>{{cite web|title=Commissioner of Municipal Administration|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/chart5.htm|publisher=Commissionerate of Municipal Administration|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106103849/http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/chart5.htm|archive-date=6 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

Prior to 2008, the city was part of the [[Salem – I (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem I]] and [[Salem – II (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem II]] assembly constituencies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp88.htm|title=Partywise Comparison Since 1977|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512232527/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp88.htm|archive-date=12 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp89.htm|title=Partywise Comparison Since 1977|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512232540/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp89.htm|archive-date=12 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2008, the city accommodates three constituencies– [[Salem North (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem North]], [[Salem South (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem South]] and [[Salem West (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem West]],<ref>{{cite report|title=New Constituencies, Post-Delimitation 2008|url=http://www.elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf|work=Chief Electoral Officer, Tamil Nadu|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515102633/http://elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf|archive-date=15 May 2012}}</ref> that elect members to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|year=2010|access-date=28 December 2012|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm|archive-date=14 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The city is part of the [[Salem (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salem constituency]] that elects its member to the [[Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf|title=List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies|access-date=9 October 2008|work=[[Election Commission of India]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504185928/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf|archive-date=4 May 2006}}</ref>

Law and order is maintained by the Salem city subdivision of the [[Tamil Nadu Police]], headed by a [[Police commissioner]]. Special units include prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and a district-level special branch headed by a superintendent of police.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salem Police|url=http://www.tnpolice.gov.in/District_Details.php?code=29598|work=[[Tamil Nadu Police]]|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011140954/http://tnpolice.gov.in/District_Details.php?code=29598|archive-date=11 October 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> The Salem Central Prison which is located at [[Hastampatti]], and serves as the central prison for Salem district. Constructed in 1862, it is one of the oldest prisons in India and has a capacity of 1431 inmates.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salem Central Prison classified as casual prison|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/salem-central-prison-classified-as-a-casual-prison/article68224526.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 May 2024|access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref>

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Salem}}
{{See|Textile industry in Salem}}

[[File:A photo of Salem Steel Plant entrance.JPG|thumb|[[Salem Steel Plant]]]]

{{As of|2020}}, Salem had a [[GDP]] of {{USD|10.354|year=2020}} billion.<ref name="GDP"/> The town is a major textile centre, with more than 75,000 [[handlooms]] and spinning mills in the region.<ref>{{cite web|date=18 December 2010|title=Handloom programmes need a new curriculum|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/18/stories/2010121851300300.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=4 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104210204/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/18/stories/2010121851300300.htm|archive-date=4 January 2014}}</ref> The region is popular for its silk textiles.<ref name="GI">{{cite web|url=https://salem.nic.in/geographical-indications/|title=Geographical Indications|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> Salem Fabric and [[Salem silk]] are recognised as [[List of geographical indications in India|Geographical indication]]s in India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salem Fabric|url=http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/5|access-date=12 January 2021|work=[[Government of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=https://ipindia.gov.in/registered-gls.htm|title=Geographical indications in India|work=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=3 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203233006/https://ipindia.gov.in/registered-gls.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/GI-shield-for-states-silk-fabrics/articleshow/3003039.cms|date=2 May 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=GI shield for state's silk fabrics|access-date=1 June 2012}}</ref> [[Cassava]] cultivation in prominent in the region,<ref name="GI"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Sagoserve profile|url=http://www.sagoserve.com/profile1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000313/http://www.sagoserve.com/profile1.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=10 May 2016|work=Sagoserve}}</ref> and there are more than 650 industrial units which are engaged in the extraction of [[sago]] from the cassava plants. In 1981, the Salem Starch and Sago Manufacturers Service Industrial Co-operative Society was established to promote the industry and nearly 80 percent of the national demand for sago and starch is met by the region.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sagoserve|url=http://www.indcom.tn.gov.in/sagoserve.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701143717/http://www.indcom.tn.gov.in/sagoserve.htm|archive-date=1 July 2017|access-date=10 May 2016|work=Indcom}}</ref> Salem is popular for its [[mango]]es, with several cultivars grown in the region.<ref name="GI"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Salem Mango |url=https://www.salemmango.com/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222173453/https://www.salemmango.com/|archive-date=22 December 2018|access-date=22 December 2018|work=Salem Mango}}</ref>

The city is a major centre of [[steel industry]]. The [[Salem Steel Plant]], a unit of the [[Steel Authority of India]] (SAIL), was established in 1981, and produces [[stainless steel]] and stainless-[[carbon steel]] [[alloy]]s. The plant was expanded and modernized in the late 2000s, with steel-melting and continuous-casting facilities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salem Steel|url=http://www.sail.co.in/pnu.php?tag=special_salem|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902132018/http://sail.co.in/pnu.php?tag=special_salem|archive-date=2 September 2013|access-date=10 May 2016|work=[[Steel Authority of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Dutta|first=Indrani|date=12 July 2010|title=Salem Steel's expansion set to be completed by September|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Salem-Steels-expansion-set-to-be-completed-by-September/article16194342.ece|access-date=1 June 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The SAIL has established a {{cvt|250|acre}} [[special economic zone]] within its Salem plant.<ref>{{cite web|title=SEZ Project|work=Processing Register|url=http://www.processregister.com/Salem_Steel_S_E_Z/Project/pid20353.htm|url-status=live|access-date=26 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202164304/http://www.processregister.com/Salem_Steel_S_E_Z/Project/pid20353.htm|archive-date=2 February 2009}}</ref> The [[JSW Steel#Salem Works|Southern Iron and Steel Company]] has an integrated steel plant in Salem for the production of [[Thermomechanical processing|TMT]] bars and [[alloy steel]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=JSW Companies:Salem Works|url=http://www.jsw.in/companies/company_siscol.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412184341/http://www.jsw.in/companies/company_siscol.shtml|archive-date=12 April 2013|access-date=10 May 2016|work=[[JSW Steel]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=JSW Steels:TIDCO|url=http://www.tidco.com/sisel.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516112012/http://www.tidco.com/sisel.html|archive-date=16 May 2016|access-date=10 May 2016|work=[[Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation]]}}</ref> The region is rich in mineral ores, with significant [[magnesite]] and [[bauxite]] deposits, with several public and private companies operating in the mining and processing sector.<ref>{{cite web|title=Magnesite|url=http://www.tnmine.tn.nic.in/TN-Mining.htm#Magnesite|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033759/http://www.tnmine.tn.nic.in/TN-Mining.htm#Magnesite|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=10 May 2016|work=Department of Geology and Mining, [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]}}</ref> The [[Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu]] has established a {{cvt|160|acre}} [[Information Technology]] park,<ref>{{cite news|title=IT Parks|work=Elcot|url=http://elcot.in/it-parks.php?page=2#4|url-status=live|access-date=26 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918053613/http://www.elcot.in/it-parks.php?page=2#4|archive-date=18 September 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Site for IT Park ideally situated|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/01/stories/2006090103810500.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=9 January 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930235245/http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/01/stories/2006090103810500.htm|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> and an electrical and electronics [[Industrial park|industrial estate]] is in the Suramangalam area of the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Electrical and electronics industries|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/archives/policy2001-2/pbrsi6-e-2001-2.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421030716/http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/archives/policy2001-2/pbrsi6-e-2001-2.htm|archive-date=21 April 2009|access-date=10 May 2016|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]}}</ref>
==Transport==
===Air===
[[File:AIRPORT SALEM INDIA.jpg|thumb|Salem Airport]]

[[Salem Airport (India)|Salem Airport]] is located at Kamalapuram, about {{cvt|20|km}} from the city. It was built at a cost of {{INRconvert|60|m}}, and opened in April 1993. The airport had seen intermittent operations since its opening to the mid 2010s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salem airport is all set to get a new lease of life |url=http://hindu.com/2006/08/19/stories/2006081905030400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828094708/http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/19/stories/2006081905030400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 August 2006|access-date=6 January 2012|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 August 2006}}</ref>
In 2018, the airport was one of the destinations identified under the [[Government of India]]'s [[UDAN]] regional connectivity scheme. In March 2018, the [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Ministry of Civil Aviation]] changed the status of the airport to "unserved" to enable the introduction of flights under the scheme.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/status-upgrade-for-salem-airport/article20462951.ece|title=Status upgrade for Salem airport|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=29 March 2018|date=16 November 2017}}</ref> After the airport remained closed for commercial operations again since 2022,<ref>{{cite news|last=Sabari|first=M.|title=Will night flights revive Salem airport fortunes?|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/nov/08/will-night-flights-revive-salem-airport-fortunes-2380892.html|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=8 November 2021|access-date=26 September 2023}}</ref> [[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]] and [[IndiGo]] launched flights from the airport in October 2023.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/tamil-nadu/salem-airport-resumes-operation-with-inaugural-flight-from-bengaluru-2729001|title=Salem Airport resumes operation with inaugural flight from Bengaluru|date=16 October 2023|access-date=1 June 2024|work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Flight services to resume at Salem Airport on October 16|url=https://www.thehindu.com/incoming/flight-services-to-resume-at-salem-airport-on-october-16/article67334527.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 September 2023|access-date=25 September 2023}}</ref>

===Rail===
[[Salem Junction railway station|Salem Junction]] is a major railhead in the region, and is the main station serving the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/5-rly-stations-in-salem-division-bag-iso-14001-certification/articleshow/70984599.cms|title=Salem junction gets ISO 14001 certification|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=5 July 2020}}</ref> In 2006, the [[Salem railway division]] was created by the [[Southern Railway zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-rail-zone-in-lieu-of-two-truncated-divisions/article6072911.ece|title=Kerala rail zone in lieu of two truncated divisions|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=June 2014|access-date=10 June 2014}}</ref> The station was rated as the cleanest station among the divisional headquarters railway stations according to a report published in June 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Salem-among-top-10-cleanest-railway-stations/article14511979.ece|title=Salem among top 10 cleanest railway stations|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=21 June 2017}}</ref> [[Salem Town railway station|Salem Town]] is the other railway station in the city.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2018/03/09021006/1064469/Proposal-to-make-Salem-Town-an-allwomen-railway-station.vpf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225111819/https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2018/03/09021006/1064469/Proposal-to-make-Salem-Town-an-allwomen-railway-station.vpf|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 February 2020|title=Proposal to make Salem Town an all-women railway station|work=[[DT Next]]|access-date=25 June 2020}}</ref>

===Road===
[[File:Salem NH47 trumpet exchange.jpg|thumb|A flyover in the city]]

The [[National Highway 44 (India)|National Highway 44]], the longest highway in the country, passes through the city. It forms part of the north-south corridor connecting [[Srinagar]] with [[Kanyakumari]]. Three other highways branch out from the NH 44, [[National Highway 544 (India)|NH 544]] towards [[Kochi]], [[National Highway 79 (India)|NH 79]] towards [[Ulundurpet]], and [[National Highway 179A (India)|179A]] towards [[Jolarpettai]].<ref>{{cite report |url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/9-6774713323.pdf |title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways |publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]] |date=28 April 2010 |access-date=8 July 2016 |work=circular |author=Poornima Rajendran |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816023220/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/9-6774713323.pdf |archive-date=16 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite report |url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf |title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways |publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]] |access-date=3 April 2012 |location=New Delhi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201124738/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Salem is the headquarters of the Salem division of the [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation]], which operates intra and inter city bus services. It was established in 1973, and operates five depots in the city.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.tnstc.in/inner_pages_2024/pdf/History-of-TNSTC-Salem.pdf|title=TNSTC, Salem|work=[[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation]]|date=2024|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> The [[Town Bus Terminus Salem|Town Bus Terminus]] serves intracity routes, and interstate and private buses originate at the [[Central Bus Terminus Salem|Central Bus Terminus]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/two-tier-bus-terminal-to-come-up-in-salem/article26925087.ece|title= Two tier bus terminal to come up in Salem|work= [[The Hindu]]|access-date=19 July 2020}}</ref> A new bus stand has been proposed at Jagirammapalayam, in the outskirts of the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/amp/new-bus-port-to-come-up-near-salem-cm/1550559|title=New bus port to come up at Salem|work=Outlok|access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref> The city has four [[List of RTO districts in India|Regional Transport Offices]] viz. TN 27 (City), TN 30 (West), TN 54 (East), TN 90 (South).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tngis1.tn.nic.in/gis-rto/rto.php |title=RTO Locations |publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu |access-date=31 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423053637/http://tngis1.tn.nic.in/gis-rto/rto.php |archive-date=23 April 2012 }}</ref>

==Culture==
=== Religion ===

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Salem (2011)<ref name="religion">{{cite report |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Tamil Nadu |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11392/download/14505/DDW33C-01%20MDDS.XLS |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|89.79}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|7.48}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|dodgerblue|2.36}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|pink|0.11}}
{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.26}}
}}

As per the religious census, [[Hinduism]] was the dominant religion with 89.79% adherents, with [[Islam]] (7.48%) and [[Christianity]] (2.36%) being the major minority religions.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community – Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|access-date=13 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913045700/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|archive-date=13 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> There are several [[Hindu temple]]s in the city. The Kottai Mariamman Temple ([[:ta:சேலம் கோட்டை மாரியம்மன் கோயில்|ta]]), dedicated to the goddess [[Mariamman]], has an annual five-day festival during the [[Tamil calendar#Months|Tamil month]] of [[Aadi (month)|Aadi]] (mid-July to mid-August).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.maalaimalar.com/Devotional/Worship/2016/08/01092553/1029756/Salem-Kottai-Mariamman-Temple-aadi-festival.vpf|title=Salem Kottai Mariamman Aadi Festival|work=[[Maalaimalar]]|date=1 August 2016|access-date=24 January 2018|language=ta|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125015206/http://www.maalaimalar.com/Devotional/Worship/2016/08/01092553/1029756/Salem-Kottai-Mariamman-Temple-aadi-festival.vpf|archive-date=25 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The Sukhavaneswarar Temple ([[:ta:சேலம் சுகவனேசுவர் கோயில்|ta]]) is dedicated to [[Shiva]], which was named after sage Sukha, and is mentioned in the hymns of [[Arunagirinathar]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://temple.dinamalar.com/en/New_en.php?id=780 |title=Purana Kathigal |work=[[Dinamalar]] |access-date=10 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405030939/http://temple.dinamalar.com/en/New_en.php?id=780 |archive-date=5 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Alagirinathar Temple]] is dedicated to [[Vishnu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/index_temple.php?tid=4867|title=Alagirinathar Temple|language=ta|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> Jamia Masjid is the oldest [[mosque]] in the city and lies on the southern bank of the Thirumanimutharu River. It was reportedly built in the late 19th century.<ref>{{cite web|title=One of the tallest minarets in South India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=5 July 2018|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/faith/the-new-minaret-here-is-one-of-the-tallest/article24339163.ece|access-date=6 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mosque Details in Corporation|url=http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/Temples.php|access-date=4 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113173225/http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/Temples.php|archive-date=13 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mosque Details |url=https://salem.nic.in/tourist-place/temples/|access-date=8 December 2020|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]}}</ref> The [[Christ Church, Salem|Christ Church]] is located on Fort Road and was consecrated in 1875.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Saravanan|first1=S P|title=Christ Church celebrates 140 years of service in Salem|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/christ-church-celebrates-140-years-of-service-in-salem/article6667276.ece|access-date=14 August 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=6 December 2014}}</ref> Lechler Memorial Church, the oldest church in the city, was built in 1856 by a German missionary in Fort Salem.<ref>{{cite web|title=Church and Temple Details|work=Salem Local Planning Authority|url=http://www.salem.tn.nic.in/slpa/heritage-vital.htm/|access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=11 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211002934/http://salem.tn.nic.in/slpa/heritage-vital.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Cuisine===
Thattu vadai set (or simply called as settu) is a [[Savoury (dish)|savory]] snack and popular street food, which originated in Salem.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/salems-own-evening-snack/article7812120.ece|title=Salem's own evening Snack|last=Saravanan|first=S.P.|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611014604/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/salems-own-evening-snack/article7812120.ece|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> These are sold in several roadside stalls set up on the streets of Salem. It is a sandwich of two crunchy [[Thattai (Indian food)|thattai]] discs with vegetable fillings smeared with various [[chutney]]s. There are several varieties of the same, depending on the ingredients used such as [[egg]]s, raw [[mango]], or [[murukku]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dinakaran.com/Cooking_Detail.asp?Nid=397&Cat=502|title=This is Salem special Thattuvadai set|work=[[Dinakaran]]|date=19 February 2010|access-date=2 February 2018|language=ta|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202190152/http://www.dinakaran.com/Cooking_Detail.asp?Nid=397&Cat=502|archive-date=2 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ever Tried 'Thattaivadai Settu'? This Iconic Salem Street Snack Is a Must-Have!|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/142412/thattaivadai-settu-salem-iconic-street-food/|access-date=28 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528215112/https://www.thebetterindia.com/142412/thattaivadai-settu-salem-iconic-street-food/|archive-date=28 May 2018|url-status=live|date=22 May 2018}}</ref> Norukkal Mix is another popular snack, made up of smashed murukku, mixed with chutney, cut vegetables, and [[chilli powder]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/chaat-with-a-southern-twist/article7522307.ece|title=Chaat with a local flavour|last=Sripathi|first=Apoorva|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430025249/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/chaat-with-a-southern-twist/article7522307.ece|archive-date=30 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Periyar university, Salem.jpg|thumb|[[Periyar University]]]]
{{See|List of educational institutions in Salem, India}}

Schools consist of government run, government aided, and private schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://salem.nic.in/departments/school-education-department/|title=School education|work=Salem district administration|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref>

Salem has several institutions of higher education.
* Thiagarajar Polytechnic College was founded 1958.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tpt.edu.in/about-us/tpt-momentous.php|work=Thiagarajar Polytechnic College|title=History|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref>
* [[Indian Institute of Handloom Technology]] was established by the [[Ministry of Textiles]] in 1960.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/textiles-mininistry-decides-to-continue-diploma-courses-at-iiht/|title=Textiles Ministry decides to continue diploma courses at IIHT|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=29 August 2018|date=26 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829160939/https://indianexpress.com/article/education/textiles-mininistry-decides-to-continue-diploma-courses-at-iiht/|archive-date=29 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/anna-university-ranking-2017-top-10-affiliated-colleges-tnea-ac-in-annauniv-edu-based-on-november-december-semester-results-4712928/|title=Anna University ranking: Top 10 affiliated colleges based on last year's results|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=29 August 2018|date=20 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829114752/https://indianexpress.com/article/education/anna-university-ranking-2017-top-10-affiliated-colleges-tnea-ac-in-annauniv-edu-based-on-november-december-semester-results-4712928/|archive-date=29 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Government College of Engineering was established in 1966.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gcesalem.edu.in/node/231|title=Genesis of GCE|work=Government College of Engineering, Salem|access-date=30 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924021044/http://www.gcesalem.edu.in/node/231|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College]] was established in 1986.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/mbbs-distribution-of-forms-begins-in-salem/article24140490.ece|title=MBBS: distribution of forms begins in Salem|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=18 June 2018|date=12 June 2018}}</ref>
* Government Law College opened in August 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/permanent-building-for-law-college-to-come-up-on-salem-coimbatore-nh/article29163833.ece|title=Permanent building for law college to come up on Salem|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=7 September 2019|date=19 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/govt-law-college-inaugurated-in-theni/articleshow/70900705.cms|title=Govt law college Inaugurated in Theni|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=7 September 2019|date=29 August 2019}}</ref>

There are two universities in the city. The Vinayaka Mission established its first college in 1987, and was later declared as deemed to be university.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vmkvec.ac.in/aboutus.asp|title=Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, About us|work=Vinayaka Mission|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> The [[Periyar University]] was established in 1997.<ref>{{cite web|title=Periyar University, Salem|url=https://www.periyaruniversity.ac.in/aboutpride.php|access-date=26 June 2020|work=[[Periyar University]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=http://naac.gov.in/docs/RAR%20Result%28May%202015%29.pdf|title=6th Meeting of the Standing Committee|date=28 May 2015|access-date=1 June 2025|work=[[National Accreditation Council]]}}</ref>

==Sports and recreation==
[[File:Kurumambapatti Zoological park entrance.jpg|thumb|Kurumbapatti Zoological Park]]

There are several shopping malls and bazaars in the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article3814959.ece|title=Reliance mall getting ready|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=30 July 2015|date=24 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104213041/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article3814959.ece|archive-date=4 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Kurumbapatti Zoological Park]] and Anna Park are government-run parks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/the-only-two-amusement-spots/article7524338.ece|title=The only two amusement spots|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=9 January 2018|date=11 August 2015}}</ref> There are a few [[amusement parks]] in the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Newly-married-youth-drowns-in-amusement-park-pool/articleshow/20470114.cms|title=Newly married youth drowns in amusement park pool|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=31 January 2018|date=7 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601190511/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Newly-married-youth-drowns-in-amusement-park-pool/articleshow/20470114.cms|archive-date=1 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Mookaneri Lake]] is a popular tourist place and bird watching destination.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/mookaneri-lake-a-major-tourist-attraction/article8647514.ece|title=Mookeneri Lake|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=9 January 2018|date=26 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109182043/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/mookaneri-lake-a-major-tourist-attraction/article8647514.ece|archive-date=9 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/kumaragiri-lake-gets-a-facelift/article18663267.ece|title=Kumaragiri Lake|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=9 January 2018|date=26 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/rare-migratory-birds-spotted-in-kannankurichi-lake-in-salem/article5744860.ece|title=Mookeneri Birds|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=9 January 2018|date=19 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109182148/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/rare-migratory-birds-spotted-in-kannankurichi-lake-in-salem/article5744860.ece|archive-date=9 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Yercaud]], a major hill station, is about {{convert|20|km}} from Salem.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tamilnadutourism.tn.gov.in/destinations/yercaud|title=Yercaud|publisher=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=22 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222161721/https://www.tamilnadutourism.tn.gov.in/destinations/yercaud|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Mahatma Gandhi Stadium]] is a multi-purpose sports venue in the city.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mahatma Gandhi Stadium in Salem to be renovated|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/mahatma-gandhi-stadium-in-salem-to-be-renovated/article4682469.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref> Cricket clubs in the city are managed by the Salem District Cricket Association.<ref name="Cric">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/salem-in-search-of-ground-reality/articleshow/60323769.cms|title=Salem in search of "ground reality'|last=Prasad|first=Bagawati|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref> There are two cricket grounds in the city.<ref name="Cric"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/salem/salem-to-soon-have-a-cricket-stadium-of-intel-stature/articleshow/59613797.cms|title=Salem to soon have a cricket stadium of international stature'|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref> The [[Salem Cricket Foundation Stadium]] was built at a cost of {{INRConvert|30|m}} in Karivepilapatti and inaugurated on 10 February 2020.<ref>{{cite news|title=Salem gets new cricket ground|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/salem-gets-new-cricket-ground-at-a-cost-of-rs-3cr/articleshow/74051732.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 February 2020|access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Dravid believes next generation of cricketers emerge from smaller cities and towns|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/rahul-dravid-inauguration-cricket-ground-in-salem-edappadi-palaniswami-n-srinivasan/article30776233.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 February 2020|access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref> [[Salem Spartans]], a [[Tamil Nadu Premier League]] team, is based out of the city.<ref>{{cite news|title=TNPL Season-5 draft today|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/tnpl-season-5-draft-today/article30865361.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 February 2020|access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Coimbatore, Salem on TNPL map this season|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/feb/19/coimbatore-salem-on-tnpl-map-this-season-2105419.html|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=19 February 2020|access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Chennai may not host TNPL matches this year|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/chennai-may-not-host-tnpl-matches-this-year/article30830849.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=15 February 2020|access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref> Prominent athletes from the city include [[T. Natarajan]], who plays for the [[Indian national cricket team]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/802575.html |title=T. Natarajan |access-date=8 December 2020|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Natarajan's rise – a triumph of the spirit|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/natarajans-rise-a-triumph-of-the-spirit/article33234308.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=8 December 2020}}</ref>

==International relations==
Salem has had a [[sister city]] relationship with [[Salem, Oregon]] in the United States. The agreement was signed in 1964.<ref>{{cite news|author=Syed Muthahar Saqaf |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/sister-city-project-revived-in-salem/article6657099.ece |title=Sister City Project revived in Salem |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=3 December 2014 |access-date=1 June 2015}}</ref>

==Notable people==




* [[Taj Noor]] — music director
* [[A. R. Rao]] — mathematician
* [[M. R. Srinivasaprasad]] — cricketer and coporate executive
* [[Arthanareesa Varma]] (1874–1964) — poet and independence activist
* [[Tiruvadi Sambasiva Venkataraman]] — botanist

==See also==
* [[Largest Indian Cities by GDP]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Salem, Tamil Nadu}}
{{EB1911 poster|Salem (India)|Salem, Tamil Nadu}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Salem (India)|Salem, Tamil Nadu}}

* [http://www.salem.tn.nic.in/ NIC website for Salem, Tamil Nadu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126103856/http://www.salem.tn.nic.in/ |date=26 January 2021 }}
* {{Cite NSRW|wstitle=Salem|short=x}}

{{Salem District}}
{{Tamil Nadu}}
{{Municipal corporations of Tamil Nadu}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Salem, Tamil Nadu| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Salem district]]
[[Category:Smart cities in India]]

Nishikant Dubey

2026-03-22T14:47:21Z

Proctocure: fix formatting per sources per sources

{{short description|Indian politician (born 1969)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Nishikant Dubey
| office = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| termstart = 16 May 2009
| termend =
| constituency = [[Godda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Godda]]
| honorific_suffix =
| image = [[File:Nishikant Dubey - Kolkata 2017-07-10 3371.JPG|150px]]
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| caption = Dubey in 2017
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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|1|28|df=y}}<ref name="Lok Sabha Profile">{{cite news|title=LokSabha2019 |url=https://myneta.info/LokSabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=12998}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Bhagalpur]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]<ref name="Lok Sabha Profile"/>
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| residence = [[New Delhi]], [[Bhagalpur]], [[Deoghar]]<ref name="Lok Sabha Profile"/>
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| citizenship = India
| education = [[Marwari College, Bhagalpur]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Thakur|first=Rajesh Kumar|title=Controversies are BJP leader Nishikant Dubey's constant companions|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2023/Oct/22/controversies-are-bjp-leader-nishikant-dubeysconstant-companions-2626099.html|website=The New Indian Express|date=22 October 2023|access-date=5 June 2025|quote=A graduate of the [[Marwari College, Bhagalpur|Marwari College of Bhagalpur]] in Bihar, Nishikant joined the Essar Group as a director at an early age of 23.}}</ref>
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'''Nishikant Dubey''' (born 28 January 1969; {{IPA|hi|n̪ɪʃɪkaːn̪t̪ d̪ʊbeː}}) is a member of [[India]]'s 18th [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the Indian Parliament.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/10277-general-election-to-the-17th-lok-sabha-2019-list-of-members-elected/
|title = General Election to the 17th Lok Sabha, 2019 – List of Members Elected|accessdate = 25 May 2019
|publisher = [[Election Commission of India]]
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-06-04 |title=Godda Lok Sabha Constituency Result 2024: BJP's Nishikant Dubey Wins By 1 Lakh Votes |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!state/jharkhand-godda-lok-sabha-constituency-result-2024-winner-nishikant-dubey-bjp-pradeep-yadav-congress-latest-update-enn24060204032 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-04 |title=Godda election results 2024 live updates: BJP's Nishikant Dubey wins against Congress' Pradeep Yadav with a margin of 101813 votes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/godda-election-results-2024-jharkhand-godda-lok-sabha-elections-poll-result-updates-nishikant-dubey-bjp-pradeep-yadav-cong/articleshow/110672269.cms |access-date=2026-03-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and represents the [[Godda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Godda]] constituency in [[Jharkhand]] since May 2009, having won the seat in 2009 (15th Lok Sabha), 2014, 2019 and 2024.<ref name="Lok Sabha Profile"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 March 2024 |title=Lok Sabha Elections 2024: 5 Facts About Nishikant Dubey, BJP's Candidate From Jharkhand's Godda |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-2024-5-facts-about-nishikant-dubey-bjps-candidate-from-jharkhands-godda-5206074 |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2026 |work=NDTV}}</ref>

==Positions held==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! From !! To !! Position
|-
| 01 || 2009 || 2014 || Elected to 15th Lok Sabha from Godda, Jharkhand
|-
| 02 || 2009 || 2014 || Member, Committee on Finance
|-
| 03 || 2014 || 2019 || Elected to 16th Lok Sabha
|-
| 04 || 2014 || 2019 || Member, PAC
|-
| 05 || 2019 || 2024 || Elected to 17th Lok Sabha<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-08 |title=Nishikant Dubey, MP in 15th, 16th and 17th Lok Sabha - Lok Sabha Online |url=https://loksabha.online/nishikant-dubey/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
| 06 ||2024 || Present || Elected to 18th Lok Sabha<ref>{{Cite news |title=In the Lok Sabha elections 2024, Nishikant Dubey's victory from Godda did not stop, he registered victory for the fourth time |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/election/lok-sabha-elections/godda-constituency-result-2024 |work=Prabhat Khabar}}</ref><ref name="Bullish Wins & Bearish Losses: Here are the key contests and results of 2024 Lok Sabha polls">{{cite news|last1=The Economic Times|title=Bullish Wins & Bearish Losses: Here are the key contests and results of 2024 Lok Sabha polls|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results/articleshow/110713130.cms?from=mdr|accessdate=27 July 2024|date=6 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727153249/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results/articleshow/110713130.cms?from=mdr|archivedate=27 July 2024}}</ref>
|}

==Controversy==
In September 2020, a [[Public interest litigation in India|Public Interest Litigation]] (PIL) was filed before the [[Jharkhand High Court]] alleging that Nishikant Dubey had made false claims in his election affidavits for the 2009, 2014, and 2019 general elections regarding his educational qualifications. The petitioner asserted that Dubey had claimed to possess a [[Master of Business Administration]] degree from the [[Faculty of Management Studies – University of Delhi|Faculty of Management Studies]] (FMS), [[Delhi University]]. In support of the allegation, the PIL cited a response to a [[Right to Information Act, 2005|Right to Information]] (RTI) application from Delhi University, which reportedly stated that no student by the name “Nishikant Dubey” was enrolled at the said institute.<ref name="b113">{{cite web | title=- BW Businessworld | website=BW Businessworld | date=27 October 2025 | url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/pil-in-jharkhand-hc-alleges-nishikant-dubey-submitted-fake-degree-to-eci-seeks-enquiry-317737 | access-date=27 October 2025}}</ref>

In March 2024, an FIR was filed against allegedly for usurping a private medical college through fraudulent means using the [[Medical Council of India]] and the Baba Baidyanath Medical Trust. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-nishikant-dubey-fir-usurping-medical-college-doeghar-jharkhand-2521500-2024-03-31|title=FIR against BJP's Nishikant Dubey for 'usurping medical college fraudulently'}}</ref>

In April 2025, Dubey made a controversial remark against Chief Justice of India Sanjiv Khanna, accusing him of causing religious wars and civil uprising in India, in response to the ongoing hearings regarding the challenge to [[the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025]].[https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/supreme-court-nishikant-dubey-asaduddin-owaisi-tubelights-thumbs-up-a-owaisi-slams-bjp-mps-remarks-against-top-court-8208299].He also made similar remarks about the former Chief Election Commissioner of India, Dr. S. Y. Quraishi, referring to him as a 'Muslim Commissioner.<ref name="w521">{{cite web | title=Muslim Commissioner: BJP's Nishikant Dubey now targets former poll panel chief | website=India Today | date=20 April 2025 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nishikant-dubey-waqf-act-row-muslim-commissioner-ex-cec-sy-quraishi-bjp-2711855-2025-04-20 | access-date=27 October 2025}}</ref>

In 2026, Dubey moved a substantive motion in [[Parliament of India]] for cancelling [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|membership]] of [[Rahul Gandhi]] and debarring him from contesting elections for colluding with Anti India forces and raising issues such as reference of ruling party politicians in [[Epstein files]], India US trade deal, allegations raised in unpublished book of [[MM Naravane]] etc during Budget session.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2026-02-12 |title=BJP’s Nishikant Dubey files notice to cancel Rahul Gandhi’s Lok Sabha membership |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bjp-mp-nishikant-dubey-lok-sabha-rahul-gandhi-notice-to-move-motion/article70622899.ece |access-date=2026-02-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
*[[List of members of the 15th Lok Sabha]]
*[[List of members of the 16th Lok Sabha]]
*[[List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha]]
*[[List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha]]
{{wikiquote}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.fms.edu/ FMS Delhi]
{{17th LS members from Jharkhand|state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dubey, Nishikant}}
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Bihar]]
[[Category:Faculty of Management Studies – University of Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:People from Bhagalpur district]]
[[Category:People from Godda district]]
[[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University alumni]]

P. Shankar Rao

2026-03-22T12:53:36Z

Proctocure:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = P. Shankar Rao
| image = P Shankar Rao.jpg
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad, India]]
| residence = Hyderabad
| constituency = Secunderabad-Cantonment (MLA-2009-14);Shadnagar (MLA-1983-1989-1999-2004), Ex-Minister, Ex Dy. CLP Leader
| office = Former MLA and Cabinet Minister
| alma_mater =
| term_start =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| spouse = Vishwashanti
| profession = Politician
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| religion =
| relations = [[Gaddam Venkatswamy]]
[[Gaddam Vivek Venkatswamy]]
Gaddam Vinod
| children = P Shashank, P Sushmita, P Sanjay
}}
Dr. '''P. Shankar Rao''' is an Indian veteran politician from the state of [[Telangana]]. He is a member of [[Indian National Congress Party]] and has been elected representative on five occasions, as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of a Legislative Assembly]] in Andhra Pradesh.

== Early and personal life ==
Shankar Rao is the eldest son to P Rajaiah and Raja Narsamma. He has two younger brothers Penta Dayanand, Penta Jagannath and three sisters M Shakuntala, K Saraswathi, and G Jyothi. P Shankar Rao married G. Vishwashanti eldest daughter of [[Gaddam Venkatswamy]] (popularly known as ''Kaka)'' a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) political party who was elected 7 times (4 times from Peddapalli Lok Sabha and 3 times from Siddipet Lok Sabha). He has two Sons P Shashank and P Sanjay, and one Daughter P Sushmita.

==Career==
Rao was first elected in 1983, as an MLA for the [[Shadnagar (Assembly constituency)|Shadnagar]] constituency. He was subsequently re-elected for that constituency on three (1989, 1999, 2004) more occasions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.partyanalyst.com/constituencyPageAction.action?constituencyId=71 |title=Shadnagar Assembly Constituency Details |accessdate=19 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903230905/http://partyanalyst.com/constituencyPageAction.action?constituencyId=71 |archivedate=3 September 2013 }}</ref> He served as Irrigation Minister in [[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]]'s cabinet.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} Along with [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]], the then CLP leader, he played a key role as Deputy CLP Leader when the party was in the opposition.

He was elected from Secunderabad Cantonment Constituency in 2009, this being his first appointment from that constituency but his fifth term as MLA, overall.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} He did not contest the 2014 elections.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}

He held different posts in the party and government in his political career of more than four decades.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} He was a minister for Government of Andhra Pradesh (before bifurcation) for the second time in [[Kiran Kumar Reddy]] cabinet. His portfolios were Public Enterprises, Handlooms & Textiles, Small Scale Industries, Khadi and Village Industries & Spinning Mills.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}. He has served as Cabinet Minister two times in his career.

He has been a staunch supporter of [[Telangana]] statehood.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-08/hyderabad/29522277_1_telangana-p-shankar-rao-upa-government | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606144103/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-08/hyderabad/29522277_1_telangana-p-shankar-rao-upa-government | url-status=dead | archive-date=2012-06-06 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Statement on T after May 31: Shankar Rao}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
Shankar Rao had filed a case in the High Court (HC) against Jagan Mohan Reddy (Former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh), for being in possession of illegal and disproportionate assets. The HC had issued show cause notices to all the concerned parties based on reports submitted by Shanker Rao and several others.

Shankar Rao is also involved in a protracted land grab case of Greenfields in Kanojiguda, Hyderabad and a case was booked against him after a complaint filed by the Green Fields Plot Owners Association. The case is ongoing in the high court of Telangana.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140824/nation-crime/article/congress-leader-p-shankar-rao-faces-land-grab-case | title=Congress leader P. Shankar Rao faces land grab case | date=24 August 2014 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{cite news|author=TNN |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-10/hyderabad/30381893_1_court-orders-fir-land-case-plot-owners |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103085644/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-10/hyderabad/30381893_1_court-orders-fir-land-case-plot-owners |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-03 |title=Court orders FIR against Shankar Rao in land case |date=2011-11-10 |work=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=2013-03-22}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.fullhyderabad.com/hyderabad-news/p-shankar-rao-encroached-on-government-lands-mahabubnagar-farmers-5311 |title=P Shankar Rao Encroached On Government Lands: Mahabubnagar Farmers - Hyderabad News on fullhyd.com |publisher=Fullhyderabad.com |date=2011-10-03 |accessdate=2013-03-22}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, P. Shankar}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1983–1985]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1989–1994]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School

2026-03-21T18:15:17Z

Proctocure: starting a data

{{Short description|Warfare School, Indian Army}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox university
|name = Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School
|image_name = File:CIJW SCHOOL.png
|image_size = 300px
|caption = Insignia of the CIJW School
|motto = ''Fight the guerrilla like a guerrilla''
|mottoeng =
|established = {{Start date and age|1967}}<ref name=ia-cijw>{{cite web|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTemp1PLargeTC1C.aspx?MnId=RQiDAvod5m1Hgme1gycgXg==&ParentID=aisMjYhWXV9GKTq0nBoJew==|title=Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School|publisher=Indian Army|access-date=2011-11-16}}</ref>
|type = [[Military academies in India|Military Academy]]
|Carnegie Class =
|head_label = Commandant
|head = [[Major general (India)|Maj Gen]] Kulvir Singh, SM**
|deputy head =
|city = [[Vairengte]]
|state = [[Mizoram]]
|country = [[India]]
|undergrad =
|postgrad =
|staff =
|affiliations =
|campus =
|mascot =
|free_label =
|free =
|colors =
|website =
|}}
The '''Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School''' (CIJWS) in [[Vairengte]], [[Mizoram]], [[India]] is a training and research establishment of the [[Indian Army]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School, Indian Army |url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/about/training-site-main/cijw-school-army-establishments |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=www.indianarmy.nic.in}}</ref> which specialises in [[unconventional warfare]] especially [[counter-insurgency|counter insurgency]] and [[guerrilla warfare]]. CIJWS is a category 'A' training establishment and one of the premier [[counter-insurgency|counter insurgency]] training institutions in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-05-01 |title=Counter Insurgency & Jungle Warfare School celebrates 50th Raising Day |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/mizoram-news/counter-insurgency-jungle-warfare-school-celebrates-50th-raising-day |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=The Sentinel - of this Land, for its People |language=en}}</ref><ref name=at-guerrillas>{{cite news|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/FK20Df02.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041122035441/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/FK20Df02.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2004-11-22|title=India takes the fight to guerrillas|publisher=Asia Times Online|date=2004-11-20|access-date=2011-11-16}}</ref>

The current Commandant of the Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School, [[Vairengte]] is [[Major general (India)|Major General]] Kulvir Singh.<ref>{{cite web |title=Major General Kulvir Singh assumes command of Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School, Vairengte |url=https://www.ssbcrack.com/2025/09/major-general-kulvir-singh-assumes-command-of-counter-insurgency-jungle-warfare-school-vairengte.html |website=SSBCrack |publisher=SSBCrack |date=30 September 2025 |access-date=23 October 2025}}</ref>

==History==

The idea to set up the Jungle Warfare School was conceived by former [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|COAS]] [[Field marshal (India)|Field Marshal]] [[Sam Manekshaw]] sometime in 1967.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=THE CIJW SCHOOL IN MIZORAM |url=https://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/post/the-cijw-school-in-mizoram |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250316074727/https://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/post/the-cijw-school-in-mizoram |archive-date=2025-03-16 |access-date=2026-02-03 |language=en}}</ref> The School was raised by Lt Col (Later Lt General) Mathew Thomas as an adhoc Jungle Training School at Mynkre near [[Jowai]], [[Meghalaya]] in 1967.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-01 |title=COUNTER INSURGENCY & JUNGLE WARFARE SCHOOL CELEBRATES RAISING DAY |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/mizoram/story/counter-insurgency-jungle-warfare-school-cijw-celebrates-raising-day-396307-2018-05-01 |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=India Today NE |language=hi}}</ref> In 1968, it was designated as the Eastern Command Counter Insurgency Training School. Later the school was shifted to its present location [[Vairengte]] in [[Mizoram]] on 1 May 1970 and was redesignated as CIJW School.<ref name=":1" /> The success of this school prompted the establishment of another counter insurgency training centre, the ''Kaziranga Special Jungle Warfare Training School'' in [[Assam]].<ref name=at-guerrillas/>

CIJWS functions from two complexes viz Vairengte in Mizoram and Lailapur in Assam under [[Army Training Command]] (ARTRAC), Shimla. In recognition of the high standards of training being imparted at the School, CIJW School was awarded with the [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Army Training Command|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, ARTRAC]] Unit Citation twice viz on 15 January 2013 and on 15 January 2020.<ref name=":0" />

In 2024, six women officers of the [[Indian Army]] were inducted into the CIJW School for a course in Low Intensity Conflict Operations (LICO).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-01 |title=In a 1st, 6 women officers join Army’s jungle warfare school in Mizoram |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/in-a-1st-6-women-officers-join-armys-jungle-warfare-school-in-mizoram/articleshow/109741684.cms |access-date=2026-02-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== CIJW School Insignia ===
The School insignia is unique and symbolic of the Counter Insurgency (CI) and Jungle Warfare techniques. The emerald green background depicts the mirror of the natural greenery and jungle environment. The thin scarlet border signifies the predominance of the Infantry. The crossed arrows depict unconventional warfare and the bayonet is symbolic of the Infantry’s close quarter battle techniques of fighting guerrillas.<ref name=":0" />

=== CIJW School Motto ===
Mission of the CIJW School is to support the Indian Army’s ability to conduct Counter Insurgency (CI) and Counter Terrorism (CT) operations within the country and worldwide by providing the best contemporary training and relevant conceptual development. The School motto is, '<nowiki/>'''''FIGHT THE GUERRILLA LIKE A GUERRILLA'<nowiki/>''.'''

==See also==
* [[Indian National Defence University]]
* [[Military academies in India|Military Academies in India]]
* [[Sainik school]]

==References==
<references/>

{{Indian military academies and colleges}}
{{coord|24.500073|N|92.763796|E|format=dms|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Military academies of India]]
[[Category:Military education and training in India]]
[[Category:Counterinsurgency]]
[[Category:Kolasib]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Jungle warfare training facilities]]

Mil Mi-17

2026-03-20T14:06:06Z

Proctocure: further rework information after review also and improved wording as per guidelines

{{Short description|Family of Russian military transport helicopters}}
{{Redirect|Mi-17||MI-17 (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}

{{Infobox aircraft
| name = Mi-17 / Mi-8M
| image = File:Russian Air Force Mil Mi-17 yellow 62.jpg
| caption = A Mi-17 with the [[Russian Aerospace Forces]]
| type = [[Utility helicopter|Utility]], [[Military transport aircraft|transport]], [[armed helicopter|armed capable]] helicopter
| national_origin = [[Soviet Union]]/[[Russia]]
| design_group = [[Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant]]
| builder = [[Kazan Helicopter Plant]] [[Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant]]
| first_flight = 1975
| introduction = 1977 (Mi-8MT), 1981 (Mi-17)
| retired =
| status = In service
| primary_user = Russia
| more_users = Approx. 60 other countries
| produced = 1977–present
| number_built = Approx. 12,000 as of 2007{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
| developed_from = [[Mil Mi-8]]
| developed_into =
| variants =
}}

The '''Mil Mi-17''' ([[NATO reporting name]]: '''Hip''') is a [[Soviet]]-designed Russian [[military helicopter]] family introduced in 1975 (Mi-8M), continuing in production {{As of|2024|lc=y}} at two factories in Russia, in [[Kazan]] and [[Ulan-Ude]]. It is known as the '''Mi-8M''' series in Russian service. The helicopter is mostly used as a medium twin-turbine [[transport helicopter]], as well as an armed [[helicopter gunship|gunship]] version.

==Development==
Developed from the basic [[Mil Mi-8|Mi-8]] airframe, the Mi-17 was fitted with the larger [[Klimov]] TV3-117MT engines, rotors, and transmission developed for the [[Mil Mi-14|Mi-14]], along with fuselage improvements for heavier loads. Optional engines for "[[hot and high]]" conditions are the {{cvt|1545|kW|shp}} Isotov TV3-117VM. Recent exports to China and [[Venezuela]] for use in high mountains have the new [[Klimov VK-2500]] version of the [[Klimov TV3-117]] engine with [[FADEC]] control.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}

The designation Mi-17 is for export; the Russian armed forces call it the Mi-8MT. The Mi-17 is recognisable by the tail rotor on the port side instead of the starboard side, and dust shields in front of the engine intakes. Engine cowls are shorter than on the TV2-powered Mi-8, not extending as far over the cockpit, and an opening for a [[bleed air]] valve outlet is present forward of the exhaust.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}

Actual model numbers vary by builder, engine type, and other options. As an example, the sixteen new Ulan Ude-built machines delivered to the [[Czech Air Force]] in 2005 with -VM model engines were designated as Mi-171Sh, a development of the Mi-8AMTSh. Modifications include a new large door on the right side, improved [[Czech Republic|Czech]]-built [[Auxiliary power unit|APU]], and [[Kevlar]] armour plates around the cockpit area and engines. Eight have a loading ramp in place of the usual clamshell doors and can load a vehicle up to the size of an [[SUV]].{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}

Licensed production of the Mi-17 started in China, with production being led by Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant JSC and the Sichuan Lantian Helicopter Company Limited in Chengdu, Sichuan province. The plant built 20 helicopters in 2008, using Russian Ulan-Ude-supplied kits; annual production was expected to increase to 80 helicopters. The variants planned to be built by Lantian include the Mi-171, Mi-17V-5, and Mi-17V-7.<ref>[http://sinodefence.com/airforce/helicopter/mi17.asp Mi-17 Hip Multirole Helicopter]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512234259/http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/helicopter/mi17.asp |date=12 May 2008}} Retrieved on 25 May 2008.</ref> In 2021 it was reported that China was replacing the Russian-made Mi-17 with their own [[Harbin Z-20|Z-20]], except possibly for the Mi-171Sh assault helicopter; the last Mi-17 order was in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=China Replacing Russian Mi-17 Helicopters with Indigenous Z-20 Choppers |author= |work=Defense World |date=6 February 2021 |url= https://www.defenseworld.net/news/28915/China_Replacing_Russian_Mi_17_Helicopters_with_Indigenous_Z_20_Choppers#.YbOQo9-nypA}}</ref>

In 2021 the website of [[Russian Helicopters]], the manufacturer, said that the Mi-8/17 was "the most widely operated helicopter in history."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhc.aero/en/about |title=Вертолёты России – ABOUT THE COMPANY |website= rhc.aero|language=en|date= |author= |access-date= 10 December 2021}}</ref>

==Operational history==
[[File:Mi-17 performing during an airshow at village of Logovardi near Bitola.jpg|thumb|An [[Army of North Macedonia]] Mi-17 performing a tight low-level right turn]]

Royal Cambodian Air Force Mi-17s were used during the [[Cambodian government]]'s offensives; by 1994 ten operational airframes were in service, with five converted to [[helicopter gunship]]s equipped with 57 mm S-5 [[rocket pod]]s, providing [[air support]] for ground forces attacking the [[Khmer Rouge]] positions. In 1996 the Government launched an offensive during the dry season at the Khmer Rouge stronghold of [[Pailin|Anlong Veng and Pailin]], using five Mi-17 gunships and eight Mi-17-Mi-8 troops transports.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dsdw2016.dsdw.go.th/doc_pr/ndc_2559-2560/PDF/wpa_8335/ALL.pdf |publisher= DSDW |title=The Development of Royal Cambodian Air Force After 1979 To 2016|first= Yen|last=Bum Reth}}</ref>

In May 1999, during [[Operation Safed Sagar]], the Mi-17 was used in the first air phase of the [[Kargil War]] by 129HU of the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF) against the [[Pakistan Army]]. One IAF Mi-17 and one IAF [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21]] escort were shot down by [[Pakistan Army Air Defence Corps|Pakistan Army Air Defence]] [[Anza (missile)|Anza-II]] [[shoulder-fired missile]]s. This led to the withdrawal of armed helicopters and attacks by [[fixed-wing aircraft]] such as the [[Dassault Mirage 2000|Mirage 2000]] armed with [[Laser-guided bomb|LGBs]] in the Kargil theatre.<ref name="acig">{{cite web|url=http://bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/Kargil/1055-VedShenag.html|title=Operation Safed Sagar|publisher=Bharat-rakshak.com|access-date=7 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928214158/http://bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/Kargil/1055-VedShenag.html|archive-date=28 September 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Mi-17 was used extensively by the [[Sri Lanka Air Force]] in [[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lanka's war on terrorism by the LTTE]]. Seven of them were lost in combat and attacks on airports.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_336.shtml |title=Sri Lanka, since 1971 |publisher=ACIG Journal |date=29 October 2003 |access-date=30 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003013212/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_336.shtml |archive-date=3 October 2008 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>

Freelance pilot [[Neall Ellis]] operated an Mi-17 in support of the [[Sierra Leone]] [[Sierra Leone/Government|government]] in the [[Sierra Leone Civil War]], ferrying ammunition and other supplies to government troops.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/sierraleone/1343727/Airborne-adventurer-keeps-Freetown-free.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/sierraleone/1343727/Airborne-adventurer-keeps-Freetown-free.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title= Airborne adventurer keeps Freetown free|date= 17 June 2000|last1= Guardia|first1= Anton la}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

[[File:Cia-mi17.jpg|thumb|right|US special forces help [[Northern Alliance]] troops from a CIA-operated MI-17 at [[Bagram Airbase]] during [[Operation Anaconda]], 2002.]]
[[United States Army Special Forces|US Army Special Forces]] in Afghanistan extensively used [[CIA]]-operated Mi-17s during the initial stages of [[Operation Enduring Freedom]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://soldiersystems.net/2019/09/29/cias-mi-17-helicopter-comes-home/ |title=CIA's Mi-17 Helicopter Comes Home |date=29 September 2020}}</ref>

The Mi-17 is used for passenger transport by [[Air Koryo]], national airline of [[North Korea]]. Previous flights include those between [[Pyongyang]] and [[Kaesong]] and Pyongyang and [[Haeju]].

The [[Mexican Navy]] uses its Mi-17s for anti-narcotic operations such as locating [[marijuana]] fields and dispatching [[Mexican Naval Infantry|marines]] to eradicate the [[marijuana cultivation|plantations]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.semar.gob.mx/sitio/?option=com_content&task=view&id=741&Itemid=288 |title=Inicio |publisher=Semar.gob.mx |access-date=4 October 2013}}</ref>

The [[Slovak Air Force]] and [[Croatian Air Force]] operated Mi-17s in [[Kosovo]] as part of [[Kosovo Force|KFOR]].

Both the [[Libyan Air Force (1951–2011)|pro-Gaddafi]] and [[Free Libyan Air Force|anti-Gaddafi]] forces in the [[2011 Libyan civil war]] have operated Mi-17s.

[[File:Election ballots in helicopter.jpg|thumb|[[Afghan Air Force]] Mi-17 showing the clamshell cargo door arrangement]]
Mi-17s are operated by the [[Afghan Air Force]]. In July 2010 two Mi-17 were flown by a mixed crew of [[United States Air Force]] and Afghan Air Force personnel in a 13-hour mission that rescued 2,080 civilians from flood waters. This was the largest rescue by two helicopters in USAF history. USAF pilot [[Lieutenant colonel|Lt Col]] Gregory Roberts received the [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] for the mission.<ref>{{cite web|last=Christenson|first=Sig|title=Air Force salutes rescue pilot: Distinguished Flying Cross goes to Boerne man who saved 2,080 Afghans|url=http://www.mysanantonio.com/default/article/Air-Force-salutes-rescue-pilot-2263132.php|work=San Antonio Express-News|date=11 November 2011|access-date=12 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226000527/http://www.mysanantonio.com/default/article/Air-Force-salutes-rescue-pilot-2263132.php|archive-date=26 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

During the [[Tham Luang cave rescue]] in July 2018, the [[Royal Thai Army]] used the Mi-17 helicopter for searching operations, and evacuating the first batch of survivors from Tham Luang to Chiang Rai hospital;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://englishnews.thaipbs.or.th/tham-luang-cave-ordeal-puts-spotlight-thai-media/|title=Tham Luang cave ordeal puts spotlight on Thai media |website=Thai PBS |access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180907053816/http://englishnews.thaipbs.or.th/tham-luang-cave-ordeal-puts-spotlight-thai-media/|archive-date=7 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> on 10 July 2018 a Mil Mi-17 helicopter took the last evacuated boy to the hospital.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://tass.com/emergencies/1012602|title=Media: All those rescued from Thai cave delivered to hospital|website= TASS|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180727084704/http://tass.com/emergencies/1012602 |archive-date=27 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

During the 19 November 2023 [[Houthi]] [[Houthi hijacking of the Galaxy Leader|hijacking of the ''Galaxy Leader'']], one Mi-17 helicopter was used to land the hijacking team on the deck of the ''Galaxy Leader''.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=November 22, 2023 |title=Yemen rebels' helicopter-borne attack on ship raises risks in Red Sea= |url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/1506356 |agency=Associated Press |location=The Asahi Shimbun |access-date=}}</ref>

In August 2025, the [[Indian Air Force]], from its Northern Sector, deployed five of its Mi-17 helicopters along with a [[CH-47|Chinook]] and [[C-130J]] transport aircraft each for the [[Relief operations|flood relief operations]] following the [[2025 Uttarakhand flash flood|Uttarakhand]] and [[2025 Kishtwar district flash flood|Kishtwar district flash floods]].<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Indian Air Force responds swiftly to Jammu and Punjab Floods |date=2025-08-27 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2161332 |access-date=2025-08-31}}</ref> IAF Mi-17s equipped with [[Helicopter bucket|Bambi Buckets]] were also deployed to stop the spread of forest fires in [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and [[Nagaland]] in early 2026, dropping nearly 12,000 tonnes of water and [[fire retardant]] from low altitudes.<ref>{{Cite web |title= IAF Mi-17V5 helicopters drop 12,000 litres of water to fight massive forest fire in Arunachal’s Lohit Valley: Watch |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/india/iaf-mi-17v5-helicopters-drop-12-000-litres-of-water-to-fight-massive-forest-fire-in-arunachal-s-lohit-valley-watch/ar-AA1VocpU?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=697e3ec940f1489792b71778e50c524c&ei=69 |website= msn.com |date= 31 January 2026 |access-date=2026-01-31}}</ref>

== Orders (2000 onwards) ==
[[File:IRGCN Mil Mi-171Sh SN-2101 in 2015.jpg|thumb|Iranian Mi-171Sh armed with unidentified cruise missiles]]
In October 2007, the [[Saudi Arabia]]n Government cancelled the purchase of 64 [[NHIndustries NH90]] helicopters and agreed to buy 150 Russian-made Mil Mi-17 and [[Mil Mi-24|Mi-35]] helicopters instead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defense-aerospace.com/article-view/feature/87615/france-loses-out-as-saudis-sign-%242.2-billion-deal-for-russian-helos-%3Ci%3E(updated)%3C%C2%A7i%3E.html |title=France Loses Out as Saudis Sign $2.2 Billion Deal for Russian Helos |publisher=defense-aerospace.com |date=2 November 2007 |access-date=12 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326024154/http://www.defense-aerospace.com/article-view/feature/87615/france-loses-out-as-saudis-sign-%242.2-billion-deal-for-russian-helos-%3Ci%3E(updated)%3C%C2%A7i%3E.html |archive-date=26 March 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 28 October 2008, the Royal Thai Army announced a deal to buy six Mi-17s to meet its requirement for a medium-lift helicopter. This is the first time the [[Thai armed forces]] have acquired Russian aircraft instead of American aircraft.<ref>[http://www.bangkokpost.com/281008_News/28Oct2008_news11.php Bangkok Post] Army to buy Russian choppers</ref> ''[[Flight International]]'' quotes the Thai Army's rationale: "We are buying three Mi-17 helicopters for the price of one [[UH-60 Black Hawk|Black Hawk]]. The Mi-17 can also carry more than 30 troops, while the Black Hawk could carry only 13 soldiers. These were the key factors behind the decision."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/thai-army-chooses-russian-helicopters/83662.article |title=Thai army chooses Russian helicopters |publisher=Flightglobal.com |date=3 November 2008 |access-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710131716/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/11/03/318146/thai-army-chooses-russian-helicopters.html |archive-date=10 July 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 15 December 2008, it was reported that [[India]] ordered 80 Mi-17V-5 helicopters worth $1.375 billion, which would be delivered to the [[Indian Air Force]] between 2011 and 2014 to replace aging Mi-8s.<ref>[http://www.statetimes.in/news/russia-delivers-80-mi-17-helicopters-to-india/ "Russia delivers 80 Mi-17 helicopters to India".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113074626/http://www.statetimes.in/news/russia-delivers-80-mi-17-helicopters-to-india/ |date=13 January 2014}} 9 November 2011</ref> In August 2010, it was reported that India planned to order another 59 Mi-17s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defpro.com/news/details/17718/ |title=defence.professionals |publisher=defpro.com |date=20 August 2010 |access-date=2 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317030901/http://www.defpro.com/news/details/17718/ |archive-date=17 March 2012}}</ref> The first Mi-17V-5s entered service with India in February 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.ria.ru/world/20120217/171363412.html |title=Russian Mi-17s Enter Service with Indian Air Force |publisher=RIA Novosti |date=17 February 2012 |access-date=17 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113034657/http://en.ria.ru/world/20120217/171363412.html |archive-date=13 January 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2012, India signed a contract for 71 aircraft at a reported cost of US$1.3 billion.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-Russia-sign-weapons-deals-worth-billions-of-dollars/articleshow/17742843.cms India, Russia sign weapons deals worth billions of dollars.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224182542/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-Russia-sign-weapons-deals-worth-billions-of-dollars/articleshow/17742843.cms |date=24 December 2012}} 24 December 2012</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-and-india-sign-weapons-deals-8430861.html|title=Russia and India sign weapons deals|date=24 December 2012|access-date=20 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720095814/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-and-india-sign-weapons-deals-8430861.html|archive-date=20 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2014 it was reported that India is in agreement with the Russian Federation to produce on its territory Mi-17s and Ka-226Ts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://defenceradar.com/2014/12/12/rogozin-india-will-produce-at-mi-17-and-ka-226t/ |date=12 December 2014 |url-status=dead |title=Rogozin: India will produce at Mi-17 and Ka-226T|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724203229/http://defenceradar.com/2014/12/12/rogozin-india-will-produce-at-mi-17-and-ka-226t/ |archive-date=24 July 2015}}</ref> All 151 helicopters were delivered as of February 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2016/0202/124533350/detail.shtml|title="Вертолеты России" выполнили контракт на поставку 151 вертолета Ми-17В-5 для ндии|language=ru|website= armstrade.org|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010153137/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2016/0202/124533350/detail.shtml|archive-date=10 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 11 June 2009, it was announced that the [[United States]] had handed over four Mi-17 cargo helicopters to the [[Pakistan Army]] to facilitate its [[counter-terrorism]] operations. This followed an urgent request for helicopters by [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Pakistan's Chief of Army Staff]] General [[Ashfaq Parvez Kayani]] in a [[United States diplomatic cables leak|leaked US embassy cable]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/208478 |location=London |work=The Guardian |title=US embassy cables: Pakistan army chief 'desperate' for US military support |date=30 November 2010 |access-date=17 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305030727/https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/208478 |archive-date=5 March 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 16 September 2009, the [[United States Navy]] delivered the last two of four Mi-17s to the [[Afghan National Army Air Corps]].<ref name="navy">{{cite web|url=http://www.navair.navy.mil/press_releases/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.view&Press_release_id=4223&site_id=29 |title=NAVAIR – U.S. Navy Naval Air Systems Command – Navy and Marine Corps Aviation Research, Development, Acquisition, Test and Evaluation |publisher=navair.navy.mil |access-date=26 January 2014}}{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} </ref> On 19 June 2010, it was announced that the US government would buy and refurbish 31 more Mi-17 helicopters from Russia to supply the Afghan Air Force.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/37793266/ns/politics-washington_post/ |title=U.S. buys Russian choppers for Afghan military |publisher=MSNBC |date=19 June 2010 |access-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100622041236/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/37793266/ns/politics-washington_post |archive-date=22 June 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Commandos and Special Mission Wing conducts training in 2014 1374256.jpg|thumb|[[Afghan National Army Commando Corps|Afghan Commandos]] exiting a Mi-17 of the Special Missions Wing of the Afghan Air Force during a training exercise]]
The US was reportedly considering adding the helicopter to the US military for [[special forces]] use in order to obscure troop movements.<ref name="Russian copters">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/18/AR2010061805630_pf.html U.S. military criticized for purchase of Russian copters for Afghan air corps] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014055741/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/18/AR2010061805630_pf.html |date=14 October 2017}}. Washington Post,</ref> The US has used some Mi-8s and Mi-17s for training,<ref name="Harding">{{cite book |last=Harding |first=Stephen |title=U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947 |url=https://archive.org/details/usarmyaircraftsi0000hard_c0o7 |url-access=registration |year=1997 |publisher=Schiffer Publishing Ltd. |location=Atglen, PA, USA |isbn=076430190X |page=[https://archive.org/details/usarmyaircraftsi0000hard_c0o7/page/184 184]}}</ref> and has purchased units for allies in Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan.<ref name="Russian copters"/>

In August 2010 a contract was signed by the [[Argentine Air Force]] for two Mi-17Es, plus an option on another three, to support [[Argentine Antarctica|Antarctic bases]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ww16.zonamilitar.com.ar/?p=479&sub1=20220104-0312-2271-8a00-010ae58e9103|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100903174817/http://zonamilitar.com.ar/?p=479|url-status=dead|title=Argentina formaliza la compra de cinco MI-17 |archive-date=3 September 2010|website=ww16.zonamilitar.com.ar}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1271655|title=Iniciativa para reequipar a las FF.AA.|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819114701/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1271655|archive-date=19 August 2010|url-status=live|date=4 June 2010}}</ref>

In September 2010, the Polish Defense Minister announced that his country would buy five new Mi-17s from Russia, to support Polish operations in Afghanistan. All five Mi-17-1Vs were delivered by 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.altair.com.pl/start-5581|title=Mi-17-1V w Polsce|access-date=13 November 2014|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313143440/http://www.altair.com.pl/start-5581|archive-date=13 March 2012}}</ref>

In 2011, Chief of Staff of the [[Afghan National Army]] [[Abdul Wahab Wardak]] announced that the [[US government]] would buy Mi-17s for use by Afghanistan's troops. He explained the choice of the Russian helicopter over the American [[Chinook helicopter|Chinook]] was due to the familiarity of the Afghan technical and pilot staff with the helicopter type and that it is better suited for [[Afghanistan]]'s environment.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} The United States continued to purchase the helicopters for Afghanistan in 2013, despite a congressional prohibition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stripes.com/news/middle-east/afghanistan/pentagon-to-keep-buying-russian-helicopters-1.214967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408032036/http://www.stripes.com/news/middle-east/afghanistan/pentagon-to-keep-buying-russian-helicopters-1.214967|url-status=dead|title="Pentagon to keep buying Russian helicopters."|archive-date=8 April 2013}}</ref> Overall, 63 Mi-17s were acquired through the 2011 contract at a cost of US$16.4 to US$18.4 million each, or US$4 to US$6 million more each than a refurbished American Chinook.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Latest-News-Wires/2013/1207/Why-is-US-buying-Russian-helicopters-for-Afghan-military |title=Why is US buying Russian helicopters for Afghan military? |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[Christian Science Monitor]] |author=Richard Lardner |date=7 December 2013 |access-date=8 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209014832/http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Latest-News-Wires/2013/1207/Why-is-US-buying-Russian-helicopters-for-Afghan-military |archive-date=9 December 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

China signed two contracts with Rosoboronexport in 2009 and 2012 for 32 and 52 Mi-171E, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airforce-technology.com/news/newsrosobornexport-mi-171e-china|title=Rosobornexport to supply Mi-171E helicopters to Chinese Air Force.|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119220123/http://www.airforce-technology.com/news/newsrosobornexport-mi-171e-china|archive-date=19 November 2014|url-status=live|date=10 September 2012}}</ref>

In 2014 and 2015, Bangladesh ordered a total of 11 Mi-171Sh helicopters. 5 more ordered in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tass.com/defense/951319|title=Bangladesh Defense Ministry to purchase five Russian military transport helicopters|website=TASS|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101193855/http://tass.com/defense/951319|archive-date=1 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Helicopters of Russia has concluded a contract with the Defense Ministry of Belarus for the supply of twelve Mi-8MTV-5 military transport helicopters in 2016–2017. The Belarusian military will get the helicopters possessing the same parameters as those used by the Russian military.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tass.com/economy/800987|title=Russian manufacturer signs contract for supply of 12 Mi-8MTV-5 copters to Belarus|website=TASS|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101194001/http://tass.com/economy/800987|archive-date=1 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the course of the Army-2017 International Military Technical Forum signed a contract for the supply of helicopters to Russian state special purpose aviation. Three Mi-8AMTSh military transport helicopters were produced and three more were ordered later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2017/1026/133043802/detail.shtml|title=Холдинг "Вертолеты России" в рамках исполнения ГОЗ-2017 поставил заказчику три военно-транспортных вертолета Ми-8АМТШ|language=ru|date=26 October 2017|website=armstrade.org|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101194013/http://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2017/1026/133043802/detail.shtml|archive-date=1 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Royal Thai Army ordered 2 Mi-17V-5s in September 2017 which received in December 2018 plus 3 more received in March 2021 for a total of 10 delivered since 2011. RF National Guard ordered two Mi-8AMTSHs in April 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/article/85608/royal-thai-army-receives-two-more-mi-17v-5-helos |title=Royal Thai Army receives two more Mi-17V-5 helos|publisher=Jane's 360 |access-date=10 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110184555/https://www.janes.com/article/85608/royal-thai-army-receives-two-more-mi-17v-5-helos |archive-date=10 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0405/143562309/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / / Россия завершила передачу Таиланду трех многоцелевых вертолетов Ми-17В-5|website=armstrade.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/0424/120546465/detail.shtml|title=Росгвардия заказала два вертолета Ми-8АМТШ для войсковой части в Северной Осетии|date=24 April 2018|language=ru|website= armstrade.org|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101194019/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/0424/120546465/detail.shtml|archive-date=1 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Russia supplied seven Mi-35 and three Mi-17 helicopters to Serbia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tass.com/defense/1040689 |title=Russia to supply seven Mi-35, three Mi-17 helicopters to Serbia |access-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122195521/http://tass.com/defense/1040689 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

A contract was signed on 18 January 2019 between Russian Helicopters, Kazakhstan Engineering, and Kazakh firm Aircraft Repair Plant No 405 (ARP 405) that will see 45 kit versions of the Mil Mi-8AMT and Mi-171 helicopters delivered to Kazakhstan until 2025 for local assembly.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/article/85882/kazakhstan-to-assemble-mil-mi-8amt-and-mi-171-helicopters-under-licence |title=Kazakhstan to assemble Mil Mi-8AMT and Mi-171 helicopters under licence|publisher=Jane's 360 |access-date=27 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127205831/https://www.janes.com/article/85882/kazakhstan-to-assemble-mil-mi-8amt-and-mi-171-helicopters-under-licence |archive-date=27 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1220669|title= Russian Helicopters delivers first assemblies' batch for Mi-8AMT helicopters to Kazakhstan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/1222/142065809/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / / "Вертолеты России" поставили в Казахстан все запланированные на 2021 год комплектующие для локализованной сборки|website=armstrade.org}}</ref>

In 2019, China ordered 100 Mi-171 (including 18 combat-transport Mi-171Sh) and 21 [[Kazan Ansat]] helicopters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2020/1023/101060111/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / Новости / Россия поставит в Китай более 120 вертолетов по контрактам 2019 года|website=armstrade.org}}</ref> A contract with the civilian airline QINGDAO for the supply of six Mi-171 helicopters with VK-2500-03 engines was signed in December 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/1123/104065369/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / / Ростех поставил в Китай два вертолета Ми-171 с высотными двигателями|website=armstrade.org}}</ref>

In 2019, the [[Philippine Air Force]] reportedly expressed its interest in acquiring 16 Mi-171 helicopters for its heavy-lift helicopter requirement, with a possible option to add one Mi-171 that is fitted for VVIP transport, in a deal worth P12.5 billion to be signed during the official visit to [[Russia]] by President [[Rodrigo Duterte]]. From 3 to 7 March 2020, a delegation composed of Philippine military and defense officials, and officials of the Embassy of the Philippines in Russia met with representatives from Sovtechnoexport and visited the [[Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant]]. Local defense blog Maxdefense Philippines reported that a Notice of Award (NOA) was issued during the third quarter of 2020, although it was unclear if it was awarded to Sovtechnoexport or [[Rosoboronexport]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/09/30/afp-set-to-procure-16-russian-choppers/|title= AFP set to procure 16 Russian choppers | Rene Acosta |website=[[BusinessMirror]] |date= 30 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asiapacificdefensejournal.com/2019/09/philippines-set-to-procure-mil-mi-17.html|title=Philippines set to procure Mil Mi-17 helicopters from Russia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/01/24/duterte-govt-to-buy-helicopters-from-russia-for-military-modernization/|title= Duterte: Gov't to buy helicopters from Russia for military modernization |website=[[Manila Bulletin]] |date=24 January 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1082161|title=PAF needs choppers with heavy-lift capability: DND|website= pna.gov.ph}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/181362/russian-envoy-optimistic-on-chopper-deal-with-philippines|title=Russian envoy optimistic on chopper deal with Philippines|first=Frances|last=Mangosing|date=22 October 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/186146/ph-defense-military-execs-check-russian-helicopters-for-purchase/amp|title= PH defense, military execs check Russian helicopters for purchase|date= 16 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-equipment-intelligence/philippines-sets-sights-on-mi-171-procurement |title=Philippines sets sights on Mi-171 procurement |access-date=12 November 2020 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112002900/https://www.janes.com/defence-equipment-intelligence/philippines-sets-sights-on-mi-171-procurement/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/defence-helicopter/premium-philippines-selects-its-first-helicopters-/|title=Philippines selects its first helicopters from Russia – Shephard Media|website= shephardmedia.com}}</ref> On 27 July 2022, the Philippine government canceled the deal to purchase 16 Mi-17 helicopters due to fears of possible US sanctions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-only-on-ap-philippines-manila-5c4b69a7ff136b1b4654d9108c82c165 |title=AP Exclusive: Philippines scraps Russian chopper deal |website=[[Associated Press]] |date=27 July 2022 }}</ref>

In 2021 Russia offered the [[Argentine Air Force]] Mil Mi-17 helicopters as part of a bigger arms deals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.mercopress.com/2021/02/04/russia-has-offered-argentina-fighter-aircraft-and-training-jets-defense-website-reports|title= Russia has offered Argentina fighter aircraft and training jets, defense website reports}}</ref>

Russia in October 2021 delivered to Mali 2 Mi-171Sh and 2 Mi-17V-5 helicopters in the framework of a contract signed in December 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defencenet.gr/asfaleia/diethnis-asfaleia/911166_rosiko-metaforiko-aeroskafos-paredose-opla-sto-mali|title=Ρωσικό μεταφορικό αεροσκάφος παρέδωσε όπλα στο Μάλι|date=1 October 2021|website=Defencenet}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/1004/101564698/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / / Россия в рамках выполнения своих контрактных обязательств отправила в Мали четыре вертолета|website=armstrade.org}}</ref>

Bangladesh and Peru each ordered two Mi-171A2s in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1363931|title=Russia to deliver 2 Mi-171A2 multirole helicopters to Bangladesh in 2023|website=TASS}}</ref>

On 13 April 2022, US President [[Joe Biden]] announced that the US Government would supply 11 Mi-17 helicopters to the Ukrainian government to aid in its defense during the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Zengerle |first1=Patricia |last2=Ali |first2=Idrees |last3=Stone |first3=Mike |date=2022-04-13 |title=U.S. gives Ukraine $800 million more in military aid, adds heavy weapons |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/us-announces-additional-800-million-military-aid-ukraine-2022-04-13/ |access-date=2022-04-14}}</ref> The US supplied 16 Mi-17s including five that were undergoing maintenance in Ukraine when Russia invaded. These helicopters belonged to the [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan|former Afghan government]], but were paid for by the US under the Afghanistan Security Forces Fund. Therefore, the Pentagon treated these aircraft as its property after that government [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|fell]] in September 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/04/20/us-arms-ukraine-mi-17-helicopters/ |title= On the battlefield with Russia, Afghanistan's loss is Ukraine's gain |newspaper=The Washington Post|date=2022-04-22 |first= John |last=Hudson |archiveurl= https://archive.today/20220422172259/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/04/20/us-arms-ukraine-mi-17-helicopters/ |archivedate=2022-04-22}}</ref>

[[Iran]] reportedly ordered 12 search and rescue helicopters of the Mi-8/17/171 family in early 2024.<ref>{{cite web | last=Никольский | first=Алексей | title=Иран закупил в России гражданские вертолеты примерно на 20 млрд рублей | website=«Ведомости» — ведущее деловое издание России. | date=2024-05-29 | url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/business/articles/2024/05/30/1040375-iran-zakupil-v-rossii-grazhdanskie-vertoleti-na-20-mlrd-rublei | language=ru | access-date=2024-06-02}}</ref>

==Variants==
=== Soviet/Russian variants ===
;Mi-8MT
:Basic updated version of the Mi-8T, powered by two 1,397 kW (1,874 hp) Klimov TV3-117MT turboshaft engines. Provision for twin or triple external stores racks.<ref name="JAWA03 p389,1">Jackson 2003, pp. 389, 391.</ref> The export version is known as ''Mi-17''.
;Mi-8MTV
:Hot and High version, powered by two Klimov TV3-117VM high-altitude turboshaft engines.<ref name="JAWA03 p390">Jackson 2003, p. 390.</ref> This type has a maximum ceiling of 6,000 m.<ref name="JAWA03 p392">Jackson 2003, p. 392.</ref>
;Mi-8MTV-1
:Radar-equipped civil version of the Mi-8MTV. Russian designation of the Mi-17-1V.
;Mi-8MTV-2
:Improved version of the Mi-8MTV-1 with enhanced armour, updated systems, an anti-torque rotor and accommodation for 30 instead of 24 troops.
;Mi-8MTV-3
:Military version of the Mi-8MTV-2, fitted with four instead of six [[hardpoint]]s, the number of possible external stores combinations was increased from 8 to 24.
[[File:Mil Mi-17-V5 (Mi-8MTV-5), Russia - Air Force AN1905918.jpg|thumb|[[Russian Air Force]] Mi-8MTV-5]]
{{anchor|Mi-8MTV-5}}
;Mi-8MTV-5
:Military utility transport helicopter, powered by two Klimov TV3-117VM turboshaft engines and equipped with a loading ramp instead of the clam-shell doors, an additional door and a new "dolphin nose". Deliveries to the VVS began in 2012,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.russianhelicopters.aero/ru/press/publications/2537.html?sphrase_id=50423 |title=Центр боевого применения в Торжке получил 17 новых вертолетов|website= russianhelicopters.aero |access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180721221747/http://www.russianhelicopters.aero/ru/press/publications/2537.html?sphrase_id=50423 |archive-date=21 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and continued in 2013 and 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.russianhelicopters.aero/ru/press/news/261113/?sphrase_id=50423 |title=Министерству обороны РФ передана партия новых вертолетов Ми-8МТВ-5|website= russianhelicopters.aero|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180721221756/http://www.russianhelicopters.aero/ru/press/news/261113/?sphrase_id=50423 |archive-date=21 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.russianhelicopters.aero/ru/press/publications/5417.html?sphrase_id=50423 |title=Парк армейской авиации ЗВО пополнился десятком ударных вертолетов Ка-52 "Аллигатор" – Минобороны РФ|website= russianhelicopters.aero|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180721223307/http://www.russianhelicopters.aero/ru/press/publications/5417.html?sphrase_id=50423 |archive-date=21 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.russianhelicopters.aero/ru/press/publications/5836.html?sphrase_id=50423|title=ЗВО получил партию "Ночных охотников", недавно принятых на вооружение|website= russianhelicopters.aero|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180721221753/http://www.russianhelicopters.aero/ru/press/publications/5836.html?sphrase_id=50423 |archive-date=21 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Russia currently uses improved Mi-8 MTV-5-1s. These helicopters are intended for the transport of goods and machinery weighing up to 4 tons and these helicopters are equipped with optional rocket or cannon armament. The cockpit lighting is modified to support night vision goggles and the communication systems have been modernized. As of January 2019, the manufacturer has supplied 130 Mi-8MTV-5s out of 140 to the Defense Ministry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eng.mil.ru/en/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12127491@egNews |title=The Kazan Helicopter Plant is equipping the Ministry of Defence with Mi-8MTV-5 helicopters ahead of schedule : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation |publisher=Eng.mil.ru |access-date=1 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730133108/http://eng.mil.ru/en/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12127491@egNews |archive-date=30 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2019/0131/100050756/detail.shtml |title=ЦАМТО / Новости / Казанский вертолетный завод поставил Минобороны 130 Ми-8МТВ-5-1 |access-date=31 January 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013632/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2019/0131/100050756/detail.shtml |archive-date=1 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Mi-8 MTV-5M version equipped with a new autopilot and passive interference system entered service in 2025.<ref>{{cite web | title=Северный флот получил два новых вертолета Ми-8МТВ-5М для работы в Арктике | website=Коммерсантъ | date=2025-11-20 | url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/8213233 | language=ru | ref={{sfnref|Коммерсантъ|2025}} | access-date=2026-01-12}}</ref>
;Mi-8MTV-5-Ga
:Civilian version of the Mi-8MTV-5.
;Mi-8AMT
:Slightly modified version of [[Kazan]]'s Mi-8MTV, built in [[Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant]] from 1991 and still powered by TV3-117VM engines although nowadays VK-2500 engines are optional. Also known as ''Mi-171''. An Arctic version was put into production in 2020.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
;Mi-8AMTSh
:The Russian Air Force received a first batch of 10 Mi-8AMTSh in December 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ruaviation.com/news/2010/12/20/54/ |title=Ten Mi-8AMTSh helicopters delivered to Russian air force – News – Russian Aviation |publisher=Ruaviation. Com |access-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715210704/http://www.ruaviation.com/news/2010/12/20/54/ |archive-date=15 July 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> and a second batch in June 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airforce-technology.com/news/news121965.html |title=Russia Receives Second Batch of Mi-8AMTSh Helicopters |publisher=Airforce Technology |date= 16 June 2011|access-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927020631/http://www.airforce-technology.com/news/news121965.html |archive-date=27 September 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> In total, 40 helicopters were delivered in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rostec.ru/content/files/reports/ROSTEC_AR_book1_ENG.pdf |title=2014 Annual Report |access-date=8 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818234755/http://rostec.ru/content/files/reports/ROSTEC_AR_book1_ENG.pdf |archive-date=18 August 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
;Mi-8AMTSh-VA
:Arctic version of Mi-8AMTSh is supplied to the Russian Aerospace Forces and Naval Aviation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2016/1227/145038862/detail.shtml |title=Холдинг "Вертолеты России" завершил передачу вертолетов Ми-8АМТШ и Ми-8АМТШ-ВА в рамках ГОЗ-2016|website= armstrade.org |access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624204303/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2016/1227/145038862/detail.shtml |archive-date=24 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:KazakhstanMi-8MT2000(DF-SD-01-06442).jpg|thumb|[[Military of Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan Air Force]] Mil Mi-8MT]]
;Mi-8MTKO
:Night attack conversion of the Mi-8MT and Mi-8MTV helicopters. Known in Belarus as ''Mi-8MTKO1''.
;Mi-8MTD
:Electronic warfare version of the Mi-8MT
;Mi-8MTF
:Aerial photography variant based on the Mi-8MT
;Mi-8MTG
:Electronic warfare version of the Mi-8MT with "Gardenya-1FVE" single H/I-band jamming system. Export designation ''Mi-17PG''.
;Mi-8MTI (NATO Hip-H EW5)
:Electronic warfare version of the Mi-8MT with "Ikebana" single D-band jamming system. Also known as ''Mi-13'', export designation ''Mi-17PI''.
;Mi-8MTPB (NATO Hip-H EW3)
:Electronic warfare version of the Mi-8MT with "Bizon" jamming system. Export designation ''Mi-17PP''.
;Mi-8MTPSh
:Electronic warfare version of the Mi-8MT with "Shakhta" jamming system. Export designation ''Mi-17PSh''.
;Mi-8MTR1
:Electronic warfare version of the Mi-8MT. The Russian Air Force (VVS) received three new Mi-8MTPR-1 electronic warfare (EW) helicopters on 4 March 2014. Mi-8MTPR-1 is a standard Mi-8MTV-5-1 with a 'Rychag-AV' active jamming station installed onboard. The helicopters are designed to be able to detect and suppress electronic command-and-control systems as well as the radars of surface-to air and air-to-air missiles. Additional Mi-8MTPR-1s are currently under construction, with the Russian Ministry of Defence is set to eventually receive 18 of the EW helicopters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/49783/russia-receives-new-mi-8mtpr-1-electronic-warfare-helicopters |title=Russia receives new Mi-8MTPR-1 electronic warfare helicopters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402094511/http://www.janes.com/article/49783/russia-receives-new-mi-8mtpr-1-electronic-warfare-helicopters|date=5 March 2015|first=Nikolai|last=Novichkov |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
;Mi-8MTR2
:Electronic warfare version of the Mi-8MT.
;Mi-8MTS
:Sigint version of the Mi-8MT.
;Mi-8MTSh1
:Electronic warfare version of the Mi-8MT.
[[File:Mi 17 bulgaria.jpg|thumb|[[Bulgarian Air Force]] Mi-17]]
;Mi-8MTSh2 (NATO Hip-H EW4)
:Electronic warfare version of the Mi-8MT.
;Mi-8MTSh3 (NATO Hip-H EW6)
:Electronic warfare version of the Mi-8MT.
;Mi-8MTT
:Sigint version of the Mi-8MT.
;Mi-8MTYa
:Electronic warfare version of the Mi-8MT with "Yakhont" system.
;Mi-8MS
:VIP version. Subvariants are ''Mi-8MSO'' and ''Mi-8MSD''.
;Mi-19
:Airborne command post version for tank and [[motorized infantry]] commanders (based on Mi-8MT/Mi-17 airframe).
;Mi-19R
:Airborne command post version similar to Mi-19 for commanders of [[rocket artillery]] (based on Mi-8MT/Mi-17 airframe).

=== Export variants ===
[[File:Indonesian Army Aviation Mi-17V-5.jpg|thumb|[[Indonesian Army Aviation Command|Indonesian Army Aviation]] Mi-17V-5]]
[[File:Mil Mi-17MD and Mi-171 side-view silhouettes.png|thumb|right|Mi-17MD compare to an Mi-171]]
[[File:Egyptian Mil Mi-8 Hip helicopter.JPEG|thumb|An [[Egyptian Air Force]] Mi-17 flies over a live fire Exercise (CALFEX) near Mubarak]]
[[File:Pakistan Army Mil Mi-17-1V Asuspine.jpg|thumb|A Pakistani Mil Mi-17]]

;Mi-17 (NATO Hip-H)
:Improved version of the Mi-8, powered by two Klimov TV3-117MT turboshaft engines. Basic production version.
[[File:Bomba Mil Mi-17 MRD.jpg|thumb|[[Malaysian Fire and Rescue Department]] Mi-17-1V]]
;Mi-17-1
:Export version of ''Mi-8AMT'' powered by two Klimov VK-2500 engines.
;Mi-17-1M
:High altitude operations version, powered by two Klimov TV3-117VM turboshaft engines.
;Mi-17-1V
:Military transport, helicopter gunship version, powered by two Klimov TV3-117VM turboshaft engines. Export version of the ''Mi-8MTV-1''.
;Mi-17-1VA
:Flying hospital version.
;Mi-17-2
:Export version of ''Mi-8MTV-2''.
;Mi-17V-3
:Export version of the ''Mi-8MTV-3''.
;{{visible anchor|Mi-17V-5}}
:Export version of the ''Mi-8MTV-5''. This variant is designated ''CH-178'' by the [[Canadian Forces]].<ref name="Canadian Air Force Mil CH-178">{{cite web|url=http://www.casr.ca/101-af-ch178-mil.htm |title=Canadian Air Force – Mil CH-178 – Mil Mi-17-V5 – Leased Helicopter – MHLH Project – Air Command – CASR – Canadian American Strategic Review – Medium Lift Helicopter – Transport Helicopter – Russian Helicopter – Mil Mi-8 – Mil Mi-17(V5) – Mil Kazan – Government Military Contracts – Boeing Chinook – CH-147D Chinook – Canadian Forces – Department of National Defence – Succession Planning |publisher=Casr.ca |access-date=4 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215526/http://www.casr.ca/101-af-ch178-mil.htm |archive-date=4 October 2013}}</ref>
;Mi-17V-7
:Mi-17V-5 equipped with VK-2500 engine and clam shell doors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://avia-russia.com/mil-mi-17-1V.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728114750/http://avia-russia.com/mil-mi-17-1V.html|url-status=dead|title=Mi-17V-7|archive-date=28 July 2013}}</ref>
;Mi-17M
:Demonstration model from 1993, served as the basis for the Mi-17MD (nowadays known as Mi-17V-5).
;Mi-17MD
:Initial designator of the Mi-17V-5, developed in 1995 and from 1996 fitted with a loading ramp.
[[File:Mi-8MTV-Mexico-2005a.jpg|thumb|A [[Mexican Navy]] Mi-17 on the {{USS|Bataan|LHD-5}}|alt=]]
;Mi-17KF
:Export version fitted with new avionics including Inertial Navigation Unit along with GPS at tail boom.
;Mi-17N
:Export version of the Mi-8MTKO with GOES-321M turret with LLLTV and FLIR.
;Mi-17P
:Export version, passenger transport helicopter.
;Mi-17PG
:Export version of the ''Mi-8MTG''.
;Mi-17PI
:Export version of the ''Mi-8MTI''.
;Mi-17PP
:Export version of the ''Mi-8MTPB''.
;Mi-17S
:VIP version.
[[File:Mi17 4K-AZ69 1.jpg|thumb|An Azerbaijani Mi-17]]
;Mi-17AE
:SAR and Medevac version given to [[Poland]].
;Mi-17 LPZS
:Specialised version for the SAR units (''Leteckej Pátracej a Záchrannej Služby'') of [[Slovakia]]. Four ordered.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceslet.cz/en/military-programs/mi17-vir32-ff2101-dme442-nvg-i56/ |title=Mi-17 SAR – Avionics upgrade and NVG modification / CLS a.s |publisher=Ceslet.cz |date=7 February 2008 |access-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004220133/http://www.ceslet.cz/en/military-programs/mi17-vir32-ff2101-dme442-nvg-i56/ |archive-date=4 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
;Mi-17Z-2 "Přehrada"
:Czech electronic warfare version with two large canisters on each side.
[[File:PLA Mil Mi-17-1 at Chelyabinsk Shagol Air Base.jpg|thumb|A [[People's Liberation Army Ground Force Aviation]] Mi-171]]
;Mi-171
:Export version of the Mi-8AMT, built in [[Ulan-Ude]].
;Mi-171A
:Mi-171 civilian passenger helicopter modified to meet FAR 29 and JAR 29 requirement.<ref name="Mi-171">{{cite web|url=http://avia-russia.com/mil-mi-171.html |title=Mi-171A/A1/M |access-date=17 August 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309073619/http://www.avia-russia.com/mil-mi-171.html |archive-date=9 March 2014}}</ref>
;Mi-171A1
:Mi-171 civilian cargo helicopter modified to meet FAR 29 and JAR 29 requirement.<ref name="Mi-171"/>
;Mi-171A2
:The Mi-171A2 has been certified by India, Colombia and South Korea as of late 2020,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defenseworld.net/news/27804/South_Korea_Certifies_Russian_Mi_17A2_Helicopter#.X2zFFIuP7IV|title=South Korea Certifies Russian Mi-17A2 Helicopter|website= defenseworld.net}}</ref> followed by Vietnam in June 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mi-171А2 Certified in Vietnam|url=https://rostec.ru/en/news/mi-171a2-certified-in-vietnam/|access-date=2021-08-05|website=rostec.ru}}</ref>
;Mi-171A3
:Newest modification based on the previous Mi-171A2 variant and the [[Mil Mi-38]] transport helicopter, first revealed on 26 February 2019. The Mi-171A3 will be intended primarily for transport flights to [[offshore drilling]] platforms.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Huber |first1=Mark |title=Russian Mi-171A3 Makes First Flight |url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/general-aviation/2021-12-21/russian-mi-171a3-makes-first-flight |website=Aviation International News |language=en}}</ref>
;Mi-171C
[[File:Mil Mi-171C - OM-BYH - Slovakia.jpg|thumb|A Mil Mi-171C helicopter in service with Slovakia in 2021]]
:Chinese built variant of Mi-171 by Sichuan Lantian Helicopter Company Limited, with two radars, one weather radar in the forward section, and another Doppler navigational radar under tail boom. Clam shell doors are replaced by a single ramp door.
;Mi-171E
:Mi-171 equipped with VK-2500-03 engines to operate in extreme temperature limits, from −58 to 50 Celsius.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defencetalk.com/russian-helicopters-delivers-mi-171e-to-kazakhstan-49413/ |title=Mi-171E|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141113191547/http://www.defencetalk.com/russian-helicopters-delivers-mi-171e-to-kazakhstan-49413/ |archive-date=13 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:S3-DNM- Mil MI 171E-BGB.jpg|thumb|Mil Mi-171E of [[Border Guard Bangladesh]]]]
;Mi-171M
:Modernized Mi-171 to reduce crew from 3 to 2.<ref name="Mi-171"/>

;Mi-171S
:Mi-171 with Western avionics such as AN/ARC-320 transceiver, GPS and standard NATO flight responder.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.army.cz/scripts/detail.php?id=6617 |title=Mi-171S|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141209234348/http://www.army.cz/scripts/detail.php?id=6617 |archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Hips Dont lie Bangladesh Air Force Mi-171sh (23160920143) (cropped) (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Bangladesh Air Force]] Mi-171sh helicopters armed with [[rocket launcher|rocket]] and [[gun pod]]s]]
;Mi-171Sh
:Export version of the Ulan-Udes ''Mi-8AMTSh''. It is the most advanced export version and can be armed with various [[Aircraft ordnance|armaments]]. In addition to transporting troops, the helicopter can also be used to attack enemy positions.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/aerospace-systems/helicopters/mi-171sh/|title= Mi-171Sh
|publisher= Rosoboronexport |access-date= 8 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bangladesh Air Force Sent 03 Mi-171sh Helicopters With Night Vision Technology to BAF Contingent in Central African Republic
|url=https://www.ispr.gov.bd/en/bangladesh-air-force-sent-03-mi-171sh-helicopters-with-night-vision-technology-to-baf-contingent-in-central-african-republic/ |website=[[Inter-Services Public Relations (Bangladesh)|ISPR]] |date=20 June 2020 |access-date=8 August 2021}}</ref> ''Mi-171SH-HV and'' ''Mi-171SH-VN'' are more advanced versions equipped with electro-optical [[Forward-looking infrared|FLIR]] system and armed with [[anti-tank guided missile]]s.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Donald |first1=David |title=Russian Helicopters Unveils New Mi-171Sh-VN 'Hip' Troop Carrier |url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2020-08-27/russian-helicopters-unveils-new-mi-171sh-vn-hip-troop-carrier |website=Aviation International News |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200827210839/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2020-08-27/russian-helicopters-unveils-new-mi-171sh-vn-hip-troop-carrier |archive-date=27 August 2020 |language=en |date=27 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/mi-171sh-hv-military-transport-helicopter/ |title=Mi-171SH-HV Military Transport Helicopter |date=August 1, 2017 |website=Airforce Technology |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230927184457/https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/mi-171sh-hv-military-transport-helicopter/ |archive-date= Sep 27, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/update-army-2020-russian-helicopters-debuts-first-flying-prototype-of-mi-171sh-vn |title=Update: Army 2020: Russian Helicopters debuts first flying prototype of Mi-171Sh-VN |date=28 August 2020 |author1=Nikolai Novichkov |website=Janes |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107022237/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/update-army-2020-russian-helicopters-debuts-first-flying-prototype-of-mi-171sh-vn |archive-date= Nov 7, 2023 }}</ref>

:[[Czech Republic]] and [[Croatia]] have ordered these types in 2005 and 2007. Both [[Bangladesh Air Force]] and [[Bangladesh Army Aviation Group|Bangladesh Army]] operates Mi-171Sh armed assault helicopter and for multirole operations. Two recent operators are Peru who ordered 6, all due for delivery in 2011,<ref>{{cite web|title=First Shipment of Mi-171Sh to Be Delivered to Peru Defense Ministry in May|url=http://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/125318/russia-to-begin-mi_171sh-deliveries-to-peru.html# |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213534/http://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/125318/russia-to-begin-mi_171sh-deliveries-to-peru.html |archive-date=Sep 23, 2015 |access-date=4 October 2013|website=Defense-aerospace.com |date=May 11, 2011 |publisher=Russian Helicopters JSC }}</ref> and Ghana which received 4 of the helicopters in January 2013.<ref>{{cite web|date=5 January 2013|title=President Mahama commissions four helicopters|url=http://ghananewsagency.org/politics/president-mahama-commissions-four-helicopters--54653 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130108203802/http://ghananewsagency.org/politics/president-mahama-commissions-four-helicopters--54653 |archive-date=8 January 2013|access-date=4 October 2013|publisher=Ghana News Agency}}</ref> A new order from China in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/36543/mysterious-russian-mi-171sh-hip-assault-helicopters-are-bound-for-china|title=Mysterious Mi-171Sh Hip Assault Transport Helicopters Bound For China Appear in Russia|first=Thomas|last=Newdick|website=The Drive|date=18 September 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928103454/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/36543/mysterious-russian-mi-171sh-hip-assault-helicopters-are-bound-for-china |archive-date= Sep 28, 2023 }}</ref>
;Mi-171ShP
:Export version of Mi-17Sh for Peruvian Army (Aviación del Ejército del Peru) who ordered 24 for US$528 million and the contract stipulates delivery of spare parts, ground support equipment, maintenance support, and the establishment of a Mi-17 maintenance facility in La Joya (Arequipa), for US$62.4 million<ref>{{cite web |date=2015-10-29|title=Perú recibirá los 13 helicópteros Mi-17Sh-P y un avión C-27J antes de que llegue 'El Niño' |first1=Peter |last1=Watson |url=http://www.infodefensa.com/latam/2015/10/29/noticia-recibira-helicopteros-mi17shp-avion-enfrentar-fenomeno.html |access-date=2020-07-14|website=Infodefensa.com|language=es |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200716202918/http://www.infodefensa.com/latam/2015/10/29/noticia-recibira-helicopteros-mi17shp-avion-enfrentar-fenomeno.html |archive-date= Jul 16, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=La Fiscalía peruana abre una investigación por la adquisición de los 24 helicópteros Mi-171Sh-P de la Aviación del Ejército |trans-title=Peruvian prosecutors open an investigation into the acquisition of the 24 Army Aviation Mi-171Sh-P helicopters|author= |website=Defensa.com (Perú) |date=31 January 2019|url= https://www.defensa.com/peru/fiscalia-peruana-abre-investigacion-adquisicion-24-helicopteros |language=es |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107022237/https://www.defensa.com/peru/fiscalia-peruana-abre-investigacion-adquisicion-24-helicopteros |archive-date= Nov 7, 2023 }}</ref>
;Mi-171Sh2
: Upgraded version of Mi-171Sh for [[Algerian Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ruaviation.com/news/2016/1/28/4835/?h|title=Algeria's Mi-171 helicopters upgrade program about to be completed |website= Russian Aviation |date=January 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231107012110/https://www.ruaviation.com/news/2016/1/28/4835/?h |archive-date= Nov 7, 2023 }}</ref> with new avionics, engines and optronic ball, active and passive protection system "President-S", two rocket pods B8W20A, eight missiles 9M120 "Ataka".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.menadefense.net/algerie/une-upgrade-du-mi171-en-format-tueur-de-char-pour-lalgerie/ |title=Une upgrade du Mi171 en format tueur de char pour l'Algérie|last=Akramov|date=17 May 2018|website=menadefense.net|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181105184632/https://www.menadefense.net/algerie/une-upgrade-du-mi171-en-format-tueur-de-char-pour-lalgerie/ |archive-date=5 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
;Mi-172{{Anchor|Mi-172}}
:Civil passenger version manufactured in Kazan plant and based on the Mi-8MTV-3.
;Mi-171Sh Storm for special forces<ref>{{cite web |title=Army 2021: Russian Helicopters presents upgraded Mi-171SH Storm for special forces |last=Fiorenza |first=Nicholas |publisher=Janes |date=21 August 2021 |url= https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/army-2021-russian-helicopters-presents-upgraded-mi-171sh-storm-for-special-forces}}</ref>

==Operators==
{{main|List of Mil Mi-8/17 operators}}
{{see also|Mil Mi-8#Operators}}

{{colbegin|colwidth=20em}}
* {{flag|Afghanistan}}<ref name= "World's Air Forces 2013">{{cite web|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/emptys/101015/world-air-forces-2013.pdf|title= World Air Forces 2013 |work= Flightglobal Insight |year= 2013 |access-date= 20 March 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121216005935/http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/emptys/101015/world-air-forces-2013.pdf |archive-date= 16 December 2012|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-25 |title=Taliban have captured more than 100 military helicopters, Russia says |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/25/taliban-capture-more-than-100-mi17-helicopters-afghan-armed-forces-russia-says |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref>
* {{flag|Algeria}}<ref name= "World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Angola}}<ref name= "World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Argentina}}<ref name= "World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Armenia}}<ref>{{cite web |url= https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2022/0128/103066275/detail.shtml |title= Вооруженные силы Республики Армения пополнились новыми вертолетами |language=ru |trans-title=Armed forces of the Republic of Armenia replenished with new helicopters |publisher= Arms trade |date= January 28, 2022 |access-date=2022-02-28}}</ref>
* {{flag|Azerbaijan}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Bangladesh}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Bulgaria}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Burkina Faso}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Cambodia}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Chad}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|China}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Colombia}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/1121/120049735/detail.shtml|title=СВ Колумбии получили второй модернизированной в России вертолет типа Ми-17|website= armstrade.org|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122172135/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/1121/120049735/detail.shtml|archive-date=22 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Congo}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|DR Congo}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Croatia}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Cuba}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Czech Republic}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Djibouti}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Ecuador}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Egypt}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Eritrea}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Ethiopia}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Ghana}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Hungary}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|India}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
** SkyOne Airways, Delhi-based helicopter charter airline with MI-172s in fleet{{cn|date=August 2024}}
* {{flag|Indonesia}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Iran}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Iraq}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Kazakhstan}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Kenya}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Laos}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Malaysia}}<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/1097/ |title= Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia Mi-8/17 |access-date= 20 March 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130525225051/http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/1097/ |archive-date= 25 May 2013 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all}}</ref>
** used by [[Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia]]
* {{flag|Mali}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Mali receives 4 helicopters, weapons from Russia: Defense Minister |agency=ANI — Sputnik |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/international/1752556-mali-receives-4-helicopters-weapons-from-russia-defense-minister |work=Devdiscourse |language=en |date=1 October 2021}}</ref>
* {{flag|Mexico}}<ref>[http://www.semar.gob.mx/s/armada-mexico/galeria-fotografica/unidades-aeronavales/helicopteros.html Secretaría de Marina – Unidades Aeronavales – Helicopteros] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801035505/http://www.semar.gob.mx/s/armada-mexico/galeria-fotografica/unidades-aeronavales/helicopteros.html |date=1 August 2013}}. Retrieved 11 May 2013.</ref>
* {{flag|Mongolia}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Montenegro}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Mozambique}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/article/91561/russia-delivers-mi-17-helicopter-to-mozambique|title=Latest defence and security news|publisher=Janes}}</ref>
* {{flag|Myanmar}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Namibia}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Nepal}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Nicaragua}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{Flaglist|Niger}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Nigeria}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|North Korea}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youngpioneertours.com/helicopter-pyongyang/ |title=Riding a Mil-Mi 17 Helicopter over Pyongyang |date=19 January 2018 |access-date=12 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412021405/https://www.youngpioneertours.com/helicopter-pyongyang/ |archive-date=12 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|North Macedonia}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Pakistan}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Papua New Guinea}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://heviliftgroup.com/Our%20Fleet|title=Hevilift Group Fleet|access-date=10 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418115827/http://www.heviliftgroup.com/Our%20Fleet|archive-date=18 April 2014}}</ref>
* {{flag|Peru}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Poland}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Russia}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Rwanda}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Senegal}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Serbia}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-09%20-%202377.html |title=World's Air Forces 2004 pg.84 |publisher=flightglobal.com |access-date=20 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517014957/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-09%20-%202377.html |archive-date=17 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rostvertolplc.ru/ru/press/news/pervie_postavki_v_serbiu/ |title="Вертолеты России" совместно с АО "Рособоронэкспорт" впервые поставили вертолетную технику в Сербию |access-date=3 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920031500/http://www.rostvertolplc.ru/ru/press/news/pervie_postavki_v_serbiu/ |archive-date=20 September 2016}}</ref>
* {{flag|Sierra Leone}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Slovakia}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|South Korea}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mt.co.kr/view/mtview.php?type=1&no=2014021218371993168&outlink=1|access-date=5 April 2017|work=yes|agency=National Police Agency (South Korea)|title=200억짜리 러시아 대형헬기 'MI-172' 타보니…|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405171210/http://www.mt.co.kr/view/mtview.php?type=1&no=2014021218371993168&outlink=1|archive-date=5 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|South Sudan}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Sri Lanka}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Syria}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Thailand}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Turkey}} – 19<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/1122/|title=Turk Jandarma Teskilati Mi-8/17|access-date=20 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525231535/http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/1122/|archive-date=25 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Turkmenistan}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Uganda}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Ukraine}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|United Kingdom}}<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/uk-showcases-mi-17-training-work-with-afghan-crews-339017/ |title= UK showcases Mi-17 training |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date= 20 March 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130516234101/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/uk-showcases-mi-17-training-work-with-afghan-crews-339017/ |archive-date= 16 May 2013 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all}}</ref>
* {{flag|United States}}<ref>{{cite web |url= http://blog.al.com/huntsville-times-business/2011/12/russian_helicopters.html |title= Army gets two more Russian helicopters |work= huntsville times|date= 23 December 2011 |access-date= 20 March 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130330094504/http://blog.al.com/huntsville-times-business/2011/12/russian_helicopters.html |archive-date= 30 March 2013 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all}}</ref>
* {{flag|Uzbekistan}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Venezuela}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Vietnam}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Yemen}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
:*{{flagicon|Houthi movement}} [[Houthi]] rebels<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/militants-believed-houthi-rebels-use-helicopter-seize-japanese-tanker-rcna125883 | title=Militants believed to be Houthi rebels seize Japanese tanker in Red Sea | website=[[NBC News]] | date=20 November 2023 }}</ref>
* {{flag|Zambia}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
{{Colend}}

===Former operators===
* {{flag|Canada}} ([[Mil Mi-8#Others|Mi-8]])<ref>{{cite news |title=Tories mum on Russian choppers lease |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/tories-mum-on-russian-choppers-lease-1.906209 |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=[[CBC News]] |publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=24 November 2010}}</ref>
* {{flag2|Costa Rica}}
**[[Air Vigilance Service]]: Received a Mi-17 (Mi-8MT) donated by [[Nicaragua]] in response to the [[1991 Limon earthquake]], but its operational status is doubtful due to lack of spare parts. It was then sold to [[Colombia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nacion.com/el-pais/seguridad-publica-vendio-helicoptero-donado/JFPVXSUWVFDBDB7J3LCDU6NS2E/story/|title=Seguridad Pública vendió helicóptero donado|website=La Nación, Grupo Nación|date=30 September 2001 |language=es-LA|access-date=2023-09-11}}</ref>
* {{flag|GDR}}
* {{flag|Germany}}
* {{flag|Czechoslovakia}}<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/1755/ |title= Ceskoslovenske VoJenske Letectvo Mi-17 |access-date=20 March 2013 |work= Helis |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130526044859/http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/1755/ |archive-date=26 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Latvia}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{flag|Lithuania}}<ref name="World's Air Forces 2013"/>
* {{Flag|Romania}}<ref name="IISS212">{{cite journal |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) |author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |date=2023 |title=The Military Balance 2023 |journal=The Military Balance |language=en |volume=}}</ref>
* {{flag|Soviet Union}}<ref name= "World’s Air Forces 1987 pg.86">{{citation |title= World's Air Forces |year= 1987 |page= 86 |work= Flight Global |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1987/1987%20-%202536.html |access-date= 20 March 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130517015726/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1987/1987%20-%202536.html |archive-date= 17 May 2013 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all}}</ref>

== Accidents and notable incidents ==
* On 16 September 2000, a Mi-17 of the [[Sri Lanka Air Force]] [[2000 SLAF Mi-17 Crash|crashed]] near Aranayake in Kegalle District, [[Sri Lanka]] with Minister of Shipping, Ports and Rehabilitation [[M. H. M. Ashraff]] on board. Besides the minister, there were 14 others onboard – nine party officials, three bodyguards and two crew members. The authorities initially claimed that engine failure had caused the crash. The government immediately ordered an inquiry into the crash and in January 2001. President Kumaratunga appointed a Presidential Commission to inquire into the crash. However, neither found any conclusive evidence for the crash's cause.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/000917/frontm.html|title=The Sunday Times Front Section|website= sundaytimes.lk|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205121355/http://www.sundaytimes.lk/000917/frontm.html|archive-date=5 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 30 July 2005, a Mi-17 presidential helicopter crashed in mountain ranges in [[South Sudan]] due to poor visibility claiming the life of then President of South Sudan [[John Garang]], six of his colleagues and seven Ugandan crew members. He was returning from a private visit in [[Rwakitura]] meeting President [[Yoweri Museveni]] of Uganda.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/Sudanese-vice-president-13-others,10893|title=Sudanese vice president, 13 others, killed in air crash – Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan|website= sudantribune.com|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101194002/http://www.sudantribune.com/Sudanese-vice-president-13-others,10893|archive-date=1 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/8/1/sudans-garang-dies-in-copter-crash|title=Sudan's Garang dies in copter crash|access-date=2 September 2021}}</ref>
* On 12 January 2008, a Mi-17 of the [[Military of the Republic of Macedonia|Macedonian Armed Forces]] [[2008 Macedonian Armed Forces Mil Mi-17 crash|crashed]], killing all three crew members and eight passengers.
* On 3 March 2008, an [[Iraqi Air Force]] Mi-17 (Mi-8AMT) crashed near Baiji while ferrying troops from Tal Afar to the capital Baghdad. All eight people onboard perished in the accident.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=15203 |title=ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 15203 |author=Harro Ranter |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=13 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113185742/http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=15203 |archive-date=13 November 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 31 May 2008, a [[People's Liberation Army]] Mi-171 transport crashed in southwest [[Sichuan]] province, killing 5 crew and 13 passengers on board. It was on a rescue mission during the [[2008 Sichuan earthquake]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/helicopter-with-14-aboard-crashes-on-quake-relief-mission-in-china-1.742379|title=Helicopter with 14 aboard crashes on quake relief mission in China|date=1 June 2008|publisher=CBC News|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303101943/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/helicopter-with-14-aboard-crashes-on-quake-relief-mission-in-china-1.742379|archive-date=3 March 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 14 January 2009, an [[Afghan Air Force]] Mi-17 crashed in Herat while en route to Farah province. All 13 on board were killed, including Maj. Gen. Fazl Ahmad Sayar, one of Afghanistan's four regional commanders.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-jan-16-fg-afghan-crash16-story.html|title=Top Afghan general dies in helicopter crash|author=Laura King|work=Los Angeles Times|date=16 January 2009 |access-date=17 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221131118/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jan/16/world/fg-afghan-crash16|archive-date=21 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 3 May 2009 a [[Venezuelan Army]] Mi-17V-5 [[Táchira helicopter crash|crashed]] in the state of [[Táchira]] killing all 17 people on board.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 May 2009 |title=Las autoridades reducen a 17 los militares venezolanos fallecidos en un accidente de helicóptero |url=https://cadenaser.com/ser/2009/05/04/internacional/1241397920_850215.html |access-date=27 May 2024 |work=cadena SER |agency=Europa Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Soviet Database |url=https://www.scramble.nl/database/soviet/details/134_45830 |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=www.scramble.nl}}</ref>
* On 14 February 2010, a [[Yemeni Air Force]] Mi-17 crashed in Northern Yemen, hitting an Army vehicle. All eleven people on board were killed, along with three others on the ground.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=72659 |title=ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 72659 |author=Harro Ranter |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=13 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141118204717/http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=72659 |archive-date=18 November 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 28 July 2010, an Iraqi Air Force Mi-17 (Mi-8M) crashed in a sandstorm about 110 km south of Baghdad, killing all 5 occupants.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=75955 |title=ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 75955 |author=Harro Ranter |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=13 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113185531/http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=75955 |archive-date=13 November 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 19 November 2010, an [[Indian Air Force]] Mi-17 crashed near Tawang in [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[India]] killing all 12 people on board. It had taken off from Tawang for Guwahati, and crashed about five minutes later at [[Bomdila]].<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article896324.ece 12 killed as IAF chopper crashes in Arunachal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121111245/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article896324.ece |date=21 November 2010}}. thehindu.com</ref>
* On 19 April 2011, a Pawan Hans Mi-17 [[2011 Pawan Hans Mi-17 crash|burst into flames]] seconds before landing at Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh, India, killing 17 people on board.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Helicopter-crashes-in-Tawang-17-killed/Article1-687092.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125085230/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Helicopter-crashes-in-Tawang-17-killed/Article1-687092.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 January 2013 |title=17 dead as helicopter crashes in Tawang; DGCA orders probe |newspaper=Hindustan Times |access-date=4 October 2013}}</ref>
* On 18 May 2012, a Venezuelan Army Mi-17 crashed while in training in [[San Felipe, Yaracuy|Yaracuy]], [[Venezuela]], killing 4 people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=Accident Mil Mi-17V-5 (Mi-8MTV-5) EBV-0672, Friday 18 May 2012 |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/145714 |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=asn.flightsafety.org}}</ref>
* On 11 July 2012, a Pakistan Army Mi-17 crashed near [[Skardu Airport]] in [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], killing 5 people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geo.tv/GeoDetail.aspx?ID=58376 |title=Five killed in Skardu army helicopter crash |publisher=geo.tv |access-date=4 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714014143/http://www.geo.tv/GeoDetail.aspx?ID=58376 |archive-date=14 July 2012}}</ref>
* On 30 August 2012, two Indian Air Force Mi-17s collided near Jamnagar in Western India, killing 9 people.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Two-IAF-helicopters-crash-midair-in-Gujarat-9-killed/articleshow/15994570.cms |title=Two IAF helicopters crash midair in Gujarat, 9 killed |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=30 August 2012 |access-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706133652/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-30/india/33498331_1_helicopters-indian-air-force-mig-29 |archive-date=6 July 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 11 February 2013, a Mi-17 belonging to [[Azerbaijani Air Force]] crashed into the Caspian Sea killing all 3 people on board.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.apa.az/news_servicemen_who_died_in_military_helicopt_187613.html|title=Servicemen who died in military helicopter crash in Azerbaijan named|work=APA|publisher=En.apa.az|access-date=4 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213203532/http://en.apa.az/news_servicemen_who_died_in_military_helicopt_187613.html|archive-date=13 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* On 25 June 2013, a Mi-17V-5 of the [[Indian Air Force]] crashed while undertaking rescue operations in the flood-ravaged areas of the state of [[Uttarakhand]] in northern India. IAF chief NAK Browne ruled out possibility of any of the 20 men onboard surviving. There were five staff from IAF, six from [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]] (ITBP), and nine from [[National Disaster Response Force]] (NDRF).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Will-continue-with-the-mission-till-job-is-done-Air-Force-chief-says/articleshow/20774698.cms |title=Will continue with the mission till job is done, Air Force chief says |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=26 June 2013 |access-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629201650/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-26/india/40206226_1_iaf-pilots-nak-browne-garud-commandos |archive-date=29 June 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 16 September 2013, a [[Turkish Air Force]] [[F-16]] shot down a Syrian Mil-17 at the border after the helicopter violated Turkish airspace. Two crew members reportedly bailed out before the aircraft crashed in Syrian territory.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/helicopter-crashes-near-turkeys-border-with-syria-report.aspx?pageID=238&nID=54538&NewsCatID=352 |title=MIDEAST – Turkey shot down Syrian helicopter at border, Deputy PM says |work=Hurriyet Daily News |date=17 September 2013 |access-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918085658/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/helicopter-crashes-near-turkeys-border-with-syria-report.aspx?PageID=238&NID=54538&NewsCatID=352 |archive-date=18 September 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 9 November 2013, an Indonesian Army Mi-17 crash killed at least 13 people after the helicopter caught on fire in the jungles of Borneo.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sulaiman|first1=Nurni|title=Chopper crashes, 13 dead|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/11/10/chopper-crashes-13-dead.html|work=The Jakarta Post|date=10 November 2013}}</ref>
* On 7 July 2014, a [[Vietnam People's Air Force]] Mi-171 military helicopter crashed on the outskirts of Hanoi while on a training mission for parachute recruits. Among 21 men on board, 16 died, 4 others died in hospital, only 1 survived.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vov.vn/content/MzM4NTQw.vov|title=Lời kể về chiến sĩ sống sót trong vụ máy bay Mi 171 rơi|date=5 November 2014|website=ĐÀI TIẾNG NÓI VIỆT NAM|access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref> The pilot crashed in a field, probably to avoid the local market and houses.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-28190360 Vietnam military helicopter crash kills 16] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105105522/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-28190360 |date=5 January 2019}}. BBC News</ref><ref>[http://www.thanhniennews.com/society/helicopter-crashes-in-vietnam-capital-dozens-of-casualties-feared-28152.html 16 dead as military chopper crashes in Vietnam capital] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715125353/http://www.thanhniennews.com/society/helicopter-crashes-in-vietnam-capital-dozens-of-casualties-feared-28152.html |date=15 July 2014}} Thanh Nien Daily</ref>
* On 10 July 2014, a [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Macedonia)|Macedonian police]] Mi-17V-5 crashed overnight during a training flight near the southern town of Strumica, killing all four people on board. The four crew members were all pilots, each with more than 30 years of flight experience. They were on a night training flight when the Mi-17-V5 hit a {{convert|120|m|ft|adj=on}} tall television transmitter tower near Strumica, about {{convert|190|km|mi}} south of the capital Skopje.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/police-helicopter-crashes-macedonia-24517215 |title=International |publisher=ABC News |access-date=13 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714170910/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/police-helicopter-crashes-macedonia-24517215 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 13 March 2015, [[2015 Belgrade helicopter crash|Serbian Army Mi-17 crashed just short of Belgrade airport]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-serbia-helicopter-crash-idUSKBN0MA08320150314|title=Serbian military helicopter crashes, seven dead including child|newspaper=Reuters|date=14 March 2015|access-date=1 January 2019|via= reuters.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102002118/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-serbia-helicopter-crash-idUSKBN0MA08320150314|archive-date=2 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> when employed in transportation, from Novi Pazar to military medical facility in Belgrade, of a 5-day-old baby with respiratory problems due to road blockade by the landslide. All 7 individuals aboard, including four crew members, two medical staff and the patient died.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2015&mm=03&dd=14&nav_category=16&nav_id=968388 |title=International |work=B92News |access-date=14 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315000319/http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2015&mm=03&dd=14&nav_category=16&nav_id=968388 |archive-date=15 March 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 8 May 2015, a [[2015 Pakistan Army Mil Mi-17 crash|Pakistan Army Mi-17 crashed]] near the Naltar area of Gilgit in Gilgit-Baltistan, killing the Norwegian and Philippine ambassadors and the wives of the Malaysian and Indonesian ambassadors. Two Pakistan Army pilots, Major Al-Tamash and Major Faisal, were also killed in the incident. The Polish and Dutch ambassadors were injured.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/883013/three-injured-as-helicopter-crashes-in-gilgit/|title=Norway, Philippines ambassadors among 8 killed in Gilgit helicopter crash|newspaper=[[The Express Tribune]]|date=8 May 2015|author=Web Desk|access-date=8 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508233608/http://tribune.com.pk/story/883013/three-injured-as-helicopter-crashes-in-gilgit/|archive-date=8 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 13 May 2015, a Mi-17 helicopter on a training flight belonging to [[Bangladesh Air Force]] crash landed at the airport and caught fire. All three people onboard sustained major injuries and were hospitalized.<ref name="HeliCrash15">{{cite news|title=Air force chopper crash lands in Ctg, 3 hurt|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/country/air-force-chopper-crash-lands-ctg-3-hurt-82043|access-date=13 May 2015|work=The Daily Star |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514233817/http://www.thedailystar.net/country/air-force-chopper-crash-lands-ctg-3-hurt-82043|archive-date=14 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 28 July 2015, a Mi-17 from the Presov Helicopter Airbase of the [[Slovak Air Force]] crashed into a forested area near Hradisko, [[Terňa]], Slovakia during a routine training flight. The pilot died on the scene and the remaining two crew members sustained major injuries and were hospitalized.<ref>{{cite news|title=Helicopter crash claims one life|url=http://spectator.sme.sk/c/20059110/helicopter-crash-claims-one-life.html|author=Spectator staff|date=29 July 2015|agency=The Slovak Spectator|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802053931/http://spectator.sme.sk/c/20059110/helicopter-crash-claims-one-life.html|archive-date=2 August 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
* During the Russian intervention on the Syrian Civil War. Two Russian [[Mi-17|Mi-8AMTsh]] helicopters were sent to find and recover the pilots from the crash site of a Su-24M bomber downed. One of the helicopters was damaged by small-arms fire from [[Syrian Turkmen Brigades|Syrian Turkmen Brigade]] militants, resulting in the death of a [[Naval Infantry (Russia)|naval infantryman]], and was forced to make an [[emergency landing]].<ref name="nyt2">{{cite news|last1=Yeginsu|first1=Ceylan|last2=MacFarquhar|first2=Neil|title=Turkey Shoots Down Russian Warplane Near Syrian Border|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/25/world/europe/turkey-syria-russia-military-plane.html|access-date=24 November 2015|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=24 November 2015}}</ref>
* On 29 February 2016, a Mi-17 of the [[Pakistan Army Aviation Corps]] lost its front wheel and the engine caught fire, all aboard successfully evacuated except for one, Lt Col Tauqeer Haider who successfully landed the helicopter but while escaping through front, collided with the main rotor resulting in his death.{{cn|date=May 2025}}
* On 27 March 2016, a Mi-17 of the [[Algerian Air Force]] crashed in Southern Algeria causing the death of 12 military personnel and two injured.<ref>{{cite news |title=Algeria military helicopter crash in Tamanrasset region |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35910369 |work=BBC News |date=28 March 2016 |access-date=30 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329193658/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35910369 |archive-date=29 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 4 August 2016, A Pakistani Mi-17 transport belonging to the [[Government of Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab government]] en route to Russia for repair, crashed in [[Logar Province]], Afghanistan. The six people on board were reportedly taken as hostage by Taliban.<ref>{{cite web |author=Tahir Khan-AFP |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1155825/pakistan-army-denies-helicopter-crash-landed-afghanistan/ |title=Punjab govt helicopter crashes in Afghanistan, occupants held by Taliban |work=The Express Tribune |date=4 August 2016 |access-date=5 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805213257/http://tribune.com.pk/story/1155825/pakistan-army-denies-helicopter-crash-landed-afghanistan/ |archive-date=5 August 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> The crew and occupants of the Mi-17 were released after ten days through an inter-tribe exchange at Pakistan-Afghan border. The crew consisted of five Pakistanis and one Russian.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1277323|title=Taliban release crew of crashed Pakistani helicopter after 10 days|date=13 August 2016|work=Dawn News|access-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401130256/https://www.dawn.com/news/1277323|archive-date=1 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 27 November 2016, an [[Iran]]ian Mi-17 transport, operated by Yas Air, that was dispatched to an oil rig located {{convert|12|mi|km|order=flip}} off the coast of Amirabad in the northern province of [[Mazandaran Province|Mazandaran]], crashed in the [[Caspian Sea]]. All five people onboard died.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=Accident Mil Mi-171 EP-HRB, Sunday 27 November 2016 |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/191735 |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=asn.flightsafety.org}}</ref>
* On 31 December 2016, a [[Venezuela]]n Mi-17 transport of the [[Venezuelan Army]] covering the route SVPA – SVLE crashed in the Amazonas State.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globovision.com/article/helicoptero-con-13-personas-a-bordo-habria-desaparecido-en-amazonas|title=Helicóptero con 13 personas a bordo habría desaparecido en Amazonas|publisher=Press TV|date=31 December 2016|access-date=2 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102122909/http://globovision.com/article/helicoptero-con-13-personas-a-bordo-habria-desaparecido-en-amazonas|archive-date=2 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-38526770|title=Venezuela helicopter crash survivors rescued after six days|date=16 January 2017|access-date=21 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202052427/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-38526770|archive-date=2 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 29 May 2017 a Mi-17 transport of the [[Sri Lanka Air Force]] which was engaged in [[2017 Sri Lankan flood and landslide|flood relief operations]] was forced to land with extensive damage in [[Baddegama]], and none of the crew members injured.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/SLAF-helicopter-force-landed-129810.html|title=SLAF helicopter force-landed|access-date=29 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601002541/http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/SLAF-helicopter-force-landed-129810.html|archive-date=1 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Mi-helicopter-force-landed-in-Baddegama-129767.html|title=Mi-17 helicopter force-landed in Baddegama|access-date=29 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531220940/http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Mi-helicopter-force-landed-in-Baddegama-129767.html|archive-date=31 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 6 October 2017, an Indian Air Force Mi-17V-5 helicopter crashed in Arunachal Pradesh killing 7 on board.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/six-killed-as-iafs-training-aircraft-crashes/articleshow/60966661.cms|title=IAF helicopter crashed|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 October 2017 |access-date=6 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008171406/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/six-killed-as-iafs-training-aircraft-crashes/articleshow/60966661.cms|archive-date=8 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 3 January 2018, a Mil Mi-17 helicopter of [[Bangladesh Air Force]] crashed in [[Sreemangal]] whilst carrying Kuwaiti delegates. The Kuwaiti delegates have been identified as Kuwait Armed Forces Chief of Staff Lt Gen Mohammad Al-Khuder and Kuwait Naval Forces Commander Maj Gen Khalid Mahmud Abdullah. Everyone were rescued alive.<ref name="Dhakatribune">{{cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/2018/01/03/helicopter-crash-sreemangal-bgb/ |title=Air force chopper makes emergency landing in Sreemangal |website= [[Dhaka Tribune]] |access-date=3 January 2018 |date=2018-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aviation24.be/military-aircraft/military-helicopter-crash-bangladesh-4-people-injured/|title=Military helicopter crash in Bangladesh 4 injured|date=3 January 2018|publisher=Aviation24|access-date=3 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/gcc/senior-kuwait-military-officer-survives-helicopter-crash-1.692449?videoId=5754807360001|title=Senior Kuwait officer survives helicopter crash|author=Naser Al Wasmi|publisher=The National News|access-date=3 January 2018}}</ref>

[[File:Mi-17 from Bulgarian Air Force.jpg|thumb|Bulgarian military helicopter Mi-17 during a firefighting mission. The Mi-17 in the photo crashed at [[Plovdiv Airport]], Bulgaria on 11 June 2018.<ref name="dariknews-bulgarian-air-force">{{cite web |url=https://dariknews.bg/novini/bylgariia/voenen-helikopter-padna-kraj-aviobaza-krumovo-dvama-zaginaha-2102813 |language=bg |title=Военен хеликоптер падна край авиобаза Крумово, двама загинаха |date=11 June 2018 |trans-title=A military helicopter crashed near Krumovo air base, killing two}}</ref>]]
* On 3 April 2018, an Mi-17 transport helicopter of the Indian Air Force crashed in Kedarnath. All the people onboard survived. Indian Air Force has ordered an inquiry into the crash.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] |title=IAF Mi-17-V5 helicopter crashes in Uttarakhand |url=http://www.janes.com/article/79021/iaf-mi-17-v5-helicopter-crashes-in-uttarakhand?from_rss=1 |first=Gabriel |last=Dominguez |date=4 April 2018 |quote=An Indian Air Force (IAF) Mi-17-V5 military transport/utility helicopter crashed on 3 April near the town of Kedarnath in the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand. All six personnel on board survived the crash, which occurred while the helicopter was landing at 0810 h local time, according to a statement by the Indian government's Press Information Bureau (PIB). |access-date=6 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407054502/http://www.janes.com/article/79021/iaf-mi-17-v5-helicopter-crashes-in-uttarakhand?from_rss=1 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 11 June 2018, a Mi-17 of the [[Bulgarian Air Force]] crashed at [[Plovdiv Airport]], Bulgaria, killing two on board.<ref name="dariknews-bulgarian-air-force" />
* On 27 February 2019, a Mi-17 of the Indian Air Force crashed in [[Budgam]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], killing six onboard and one civilian on the ground. Locals on the ground claim that they had heard a huge explosion and saw the helicopter break into two parts before crash.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/copter-crash-near-srinagar-kills-6-iaf-men-1-civilian/articleshow/68191100.cms|title=Copter crash near Srinagar killing 6 IAF men, 1 civilian|date=27 February 2019|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=28 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428233329/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/copter-crash-near-srinagar-kills-6-iaf-men-1-civilian/articleshow/68191100.cms|archive-date=28 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Later investigation have shown that the helicopter was shot down as result of friendly fire when a [[SPYDER]] Indian air defense system fired a missile which hit Mi-17 helicopter, killing everyone aboard.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/five-iaf-officers-found-guilty-in-mi-17-v5-chopper-crash-in-srinagar-on-february/474571|title= Five IAF officers found guilty in Mi-17 V5 chopper crash in Srinagar on February 27|date= 23 August 2019}}</ref>
* On 13 May 2019, a [[People's Liberation Army]] Mi-171 transport belonging to the [[Tibet Military District]] crashed in [[Qinling]] in [[Shaanxi Province]], killing 6 crew.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.dwnews.com/china/news/2019-05-26/60135149.html|title=中共军队军机秦岭坠毁 6名军人全部死亡|date=26 May 2019|publisher=多维新闻网}}</ref>
* On 8 January 2020, an [[Afghan National Army]] Mi-17 crashed shortly after takeoff in Gardiz, Paktia province. It was later destroyed on the ground by Afghan Security forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lostarmour.info/aflosses/item.php?id=21951|title= Lostarmour ID: 21951}}</ref>
* On 11 February 2020, a [[Syrian Air Force]] Mi-17 utility helicopter was shot down by Turkish-backed rebel forces using an American designed [[Man-portable air-defense system|MANPADS]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uawire.org/russia-accuses-turkey-of-providing-american-made-weapons-for-militants-in-syria|title= UAWire – Russia accuses Turkey of providing American-made weapons for militants in Syria}}</ref> over [[Al-Nayrab]], killing everyone aboard.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://theaviationgeekclub.com/shocking-video-shows-the-moment-a-syaaf-mi-17-is-hit-by-missile-allegedly-fired-by-turkish-backed-militia-over-syria/ |title=Shocking video shows the moment a SyAAF Mi-17 Helicopter is hit by Missile (allegedly fired by Turkish Backed Militia) Over Syria |date=11 February 2020 |website=theaviationgeekclub.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/video/syrian-military-helicopter-shot-down-by-rebels-over-idlib-province-78580293902/|title=syrian-military-helicopter-shot-down-by-rebels-over-idlib-province|date=11 February 2020|publisher=NBC News}}</ref> A second Mi-17 of the [[Syrian Army]] was shot down in [[Idlib]] under similar circumstances, killing all crew, on 14 February 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thedefensepost.com/2020/02/14/syria-helicopter-shot-down-aleppo/|title=syria-helicopter-shot-down-aleppo|date=14 February 2020|publisher=thedefensepost}}</ref>
* On 6 March 2020, a [[Myanmar Air Force]] Mi-17 crashed shortly after takeoff near Kaungkha Village, Kutkai Township.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lostarmour.info/aflosses/item.php?id=22515|title= Lostarmour ID: 22515}}</ref>
* On 6 June 2020, an [[Indonesian Army]] Mi-17 helicopter crashed in [[Kendal Regency]], killing 4 onboard and 5 personnels survived.<ref>{{cite web|title=BERITA FOTO: Tragedi Helikopter TNI AD Jatuh dan Terbakar di Kendal, 4 Prajurit Gugur|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2020/06/07/08000011/berita-foto--tragedi-helikopter-tni-ad-jatuh-dan-terbakar-di-kendal-4|access-date=2020-06-07|website=KOMPAS|date=7 June 2020|language=id}}</ref>
* On 7 July 2020, a [[Peruvian Air Force]] Mi-17-1V crashed in a river in the Amazonas. Seven occupants died in the crash; four crew members and three civilian passengers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/237726|title= Accident Mil Mi-17-1V 664, 07 Jul 2020}}</ref>
* On 13 October 2020, a pair of [[Afghan National Army Air Corps]] Mi-17s collided with one another in mid-air in the Nawa-i-Barakzayi district, Helmand province.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lostarmour.info/aflosses/item.php?id=26064|title= Lostarmour ID: 26064}}</ref> 9 were killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/243843|title= Mid-air collision Accident Mil Mi-17 , 13 Oct 2020}}</ref>
* On 10 November 2020, a Mi-17 of the [[Afghan National Army Air Corps]] crashed on takeoff at Hisarak district, Nangarhar province.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/244795|title= Accident Mil Mi-17, 10 Nov 2020}}</ref>
* On 18 March 2021, a Mi-17 helicopter of the Afghan Army was shot down by a local anti-taliban militia led by ethnic warlord Abdul Ghani Alipur<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1827391/world|title= Nine die as Afghan military chopper shot down in militia stronghold|work=Arab News|date= 18 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/18/world/asia/afghanistan-helicopter-crash-militias.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/18/world/asia/afghanistan-helicopter-crash-militias.html |archive-date=2021-12-28 |url-access=limited|title= At Least 9 Dead in Afghan Helicopter Crash, After Clashes with Local Militia|newspaper= The New York Times|date= 18 March 2021|last1= Gibbons-Neff|first1= Thomas|last2= Rahim|first2= Najim}}{{cbignore}}</ref> in the [[Behsud, Maidan Wardak|Behsud]] district of [[Maidan Wardak Province|Maidan Wardak]]. Nine members of the Afghan security forces died in the incident.<ref>{{cite web|title=Afghanistan: Nine killed in military helicopter crash|url=https://www.dw.com/en/afghanistan-nine-killed-in-military-helicopter-crash/a-56909905|access-date=2021-03-18|website=amp.dw.com}}</ref>
* On 24 June 2021, a Kenyan military aircraft identified as a Mi-17 crashed in Kajiado county and went up in flames.<ref>{{cite web|last=Githaiga|first=Peterson|title=Developing Story: Military chopper crashes in Kajiado, goes up in flames|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001416537/military-chopper-crashes-in-kajiado-goes-up-in-flames|access-date=2021-06-24|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Stephanie |last=Wangari |title=KDF Plane Crashes & Bursts Into Flames [VIDEO]|url=http://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/65977-kdf-plane-crashes-bursts-flames|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Kenyans.co.ke|date=24 June 2021 |language=EN}}</ref>
* On 25 August 2021, a Mi-17 of the [[Mexican Navy]] crashed in [[Agua Blanca de Iturbide]]. Four people injured were reported.<ref>{{cite web |title= Cuatro heridos en el accidente del helicóptero de Semar|url= https://www.jornada.com.mx/notas/2021/08/25/politica/investigara-armada-causas-del-accidente-de-helicoptero-en-hidalgo/|access-date=2021-08-25|website=La Jornada|language=es}}</ref>
* On 30 November 2021, a Mi-17 of the [[State Border Service of Azerbaijan]] [[2021 Garaheybat Mil Mi-17 crash|crashed]] in [[Khizi District]] causing the death of 14 military personnel and injuring 2 occupants.<ref>{{cite web |title=Helicopter crash in Azerbaijan kills military personnel |url=https://www.trtworld.com/asia/helicopter-crash-in-azerbaijan-kills-military-personnel-52166 |website=TRT World}}</ref>
* On 8 December 2021, an [[Indian Air Force]] Mi-17V-5 carrying 13 defence personnel including [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]] General [[Bipin Rawat]] and his wife, [[Madhulika Rawat]], [[2021 Indian Air Force Mil Mi-17 crash|crashed near Coonoor]], [[Tamil Nadu]] while flying towards [[Wellington, Tamil Nadu|Wellington]] from [[Sulur Air Force Station]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Army Helicopter Crash Live Updates: Mi-17V5 With CDS Rawat on Board Crashes, Rescue Ops Underway|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/army-helicopter-crash-live-updates-mi-17v5-with-cds-rawat-on-board-crashes-rescue-ops-underway-5128904/|access-date=2021-12-08|website= india.com|language=en}}</ref> 13 of the 14 onboard died in the crash, including General [[Bipin Rawat]] and his spouse.<ref>{{cite web|title=[summarised]: Gen Bipin Rawat, Mrs Madhulika Rawat and 11 other persons on board died in the accident|url=https://twitter.com/iaf_mcc/status/1468559350914453509|access-date=2021-12-08|website=Twitter}}</ref> The sole survivor of the crash, Group Captain Varun Singh died from his injuries seven days later.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lone survivor of India chopper crash that killed top general dies|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/12/15/india-helicopter-crash-bipin-rawat-defence-chief|access-date=2021-12-15|website= aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref>
* On 26 April 2022, a Mi-17-1V of the [[Mexican Navy]] crashed in [[Mazatlán]]. Five marines injured were reported.<ref>{{cite web |title= Video: Se desploma helicóptero de la Marina en Mazatlán; hay cinco heridos|url= https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/video-desploma-helicoptero-marina-mazatlan-sinaloa/|access-date=2022-04-26|website=Noticieros Televisa|date= 26 April 2022|language=es}}</ref>
* On 16 June 2022, an [[Afghan Air Force]] Mi-17 was shot down by [[National Resistance Front of Afghanistan|NRF]] fighters in [[Panjshir Province|Panjshir province]], killing two [[Taliban]] fighters. Four crew members were taken prisoner.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Eqbal |first=Saqalain |date=2022-06-17 |title=NRF Shoots Down a Taliban’s Chopper in Panjshir Province |url=https://www.khaama.com/nrf-shoots-down-a-talibans-chopper-in-panjshir-province-65674/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |work=Khaama Press |language=en-US}}</ref>
* On 12 January 2024, a [[Sri Lanka Air Force]] Mi-17 helicopter, deployed for UN peacekeeping operations in the [[Central African Republic]] as part of [[MINUSCA]], crash-landed northeast of [[Bria, Central African Republic|Bria]] due to adverse weather conditions. The pilot and the four crew members emerged unharmed from the incident.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airforce.lk/news.php?news=6481|title=UN peacekeeping helicopter crash-lands in Central African Republic|publisher=[[Sri Lanka Air Force]]|date=12 January 2024|access-date=14 January 2024|archive-date=14 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114153530/https://www.airforce.lk/news.php?news=6481|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 7 February 2024, an [[Algerian Air Force]] Mi-171 helicopter crashed near [[El Menia]], killing all 3 crew.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.news.cn/20240208/b23b9a6a9ff6488cb90d5fd6b85c41f7/c.html|title=3 soldiers killed in helicopter crash in Algeria|publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency|Xinhua]]|date=8 February 2024|access-date=13 February 2024|archive-date=13 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213151556/https://english.news.cn/20240208/b23b9a6a9ff6488cb90d5fd6b85c41f7/c.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 29 April 2024, a [[Colombian Army]] Mi-17 crashed in Northern Colombia while carrying troops, killing all 9 on board.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-29 |title=A Colombian army helicopter has crashed in a rural area of the country's north, killing 9 soldiers |url=https://apnews.com/article/colombia-helicopter-crash-military-65cd04557f7c8d86c8000de5be414a01 |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>
* In May 2025 footage appeared suggesting that a Mi-17 had been shot down by a FPV drone in the context of the [[Myanmar civil war (2021–present)]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rogoway |first=Howard Altman, Tyler |date=2025-05-22 |title=Mi-17 Appears To Have Been Downed By FPV Drone In Myanmar |url=https://www.twz.com/air/mi-17-appears-to-have-been-downed-by-fpv-drone-in-myanmar |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=The War Zone |language=en-US}}</ref>
* On 15 August 2025, a Mi-17 helicopter carrying relief supplies crashed, killing five crew members, including two pilots, in the northwestern Pakistani province of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]. The Mi-17 helicopter of the provincial government was carrying relief supplies to areas affected by heavy rains when it crashed "due to bad weather," said the provincial chief minister, Ali Amin Gandapur.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-15 |title=Five killed in Pakistan relief helicopter crash as floods leave dozens dead - TRT World |url=https://www.trtworld.com/article/374375a9aa93 |access-date=2026-01-29 |website=www.trtworld.com |language=en}}</ref>
* On 1 September 2025, a Mi-17 helicopter of the [[Pakistan Army]] crashed in Diamer District’s Chilas town in Pakistan administered Gilgit-Baltistan killing all 5 crew members including 2 pilots. According to ISPR, the crash was due to an technical fault.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Jamil Nagri |date=2025-09-01 |title=Crew of 5 dead as army helicopter crashes in GB’s Chilas due to ‘technical fault’: ISPR |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1938881 |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=Dawn |language=en}}</ref>
* On 22 February 2026, A Mil Mi-17 helicopter operated by the [[Peruvian Air Force]] [[2026 Peruvian Air Force Mil Mi-17 crash|was destroyed after it impacted terrain]]. All four crew members and eleven passengers were killed.

==Specifications (Mil-171A2) ==
[[File:BAF Mi-17 engine display.jpg|thumb |[[Klimov VK-2500PS-03]] on display at [[Bangladesh Military Museum]], [[Bangladesh]] ]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref= ''Russian Helicopters''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.russianhelicopters.aero/en/helicopters/civil/mi-171a2/features.html |title=Features: Mi-171A2 |website= russianhelicopters.aero |access-date=4 August 2016}}</ref>
|prime units?=met

|crew= 3 (pilot, copilot, engineer)
|capacity= 24 troops / 12 stretchers / {{cvt|4000|kg|0}} cargo internally / {{cvt|5000|kg|0}} externally slung.
|length m=18.465
|length note=
|height m=5.65
|height note=
|empty weight kg=7489
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=11100
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=13000
|max takeoff weight note=normal
::::{{cvt|13500|kg|0}} with under-slung load
|fuel capacity=
|more general=

|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Klimov VK-2500PS-03]]
|eng1 type=[[turboshaft]] engines
|eng1 hp=2400
|eng1 note=for takeoff
::::{{cvt|2700|hp|kW|order=flip}} emergency rating

|rot number=1
|rot dia m=21.25
|rot area sqm=354.7
|rot area note=
*'''Blade section:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA 23012]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>

|max speed kmh=280
|max speed note=
|cruise speed kmh=260
|cruise speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|range km=800
|range note=
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=
|ceiling m=6000
|ceiling note=
*'''Hover ceiling OGE:''' {{cvt|4000|m}}
|climb rate ms=8
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|disk loading kg/m2=
|disk loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass=
|more performance=

|armament=
*Some variants such as Mi-8AMTSh and Mi-171Sh have disposable stores on six hardpoints, including rockets such as [[S-8 (rocket)|S-8]] and [[gun pod]]s such as [[Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23|UPK-23-250]]. Some variants such as Mi-171SH-HV and Mi-171SH-VN can be armed with [[anti-tank guided missile]]s such as [[9M120 Ataka|Ataka]] and [[precision-guided munition]]s along with other armaments. Have one or two window-mounted [[machine gun]]s such as the [[PK machine gun|PK]].
*Other: [[hardpoint]]s which can carry [[drop tanks]], to increase the range, or up to {{cvt|4,000|kg|lb}} of [[aerial bomb|bomb]]s.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
{{Aircontent
|see also=
*[[Utility helicopter]]
|related=
*[[Mil Mi-8]]
*[[Mil Mi-14]]
*[[Mil Mi-38]]
|similar aircraft=
*[[Aérospatiale SA 321 Super Frelon]]
*[[AgustaWestland AW101]]
*[[Eurocopter AS532 Cougar]]
*[[Eurocopter EC725]]
*[[Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma]]
*[[NHIndustries NH90]]
*[[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk]]
|lists=
}}

==References==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist|30em}}

=== General sources ===
{{Aviation.ru}}
*{{Cite book |editor-last=Eden |editor-first=Paul |year=2004 |title=The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft |location=London |publisher=Amber Books |isbn=1-904687-84-9}}
*{{cite magazine |last=Hoyle |first=Craig |date=13–19 December 2011 |title=World Air Forces Directory |magazine=[[Flight International]] |volume=180 |issue=5321 |pages=26–52 |issn=0015-3710}}
*{{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Paul |year=2003 |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2003–2004 |location=Coulsdon, UK |publisher=Jane's Information Group |isbn=0-7106-2537-5}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*[http://milhelicopter.com/project/mil-171-e/ Mi-8 (171-E) page at milhelicopter.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024191734/http://milhelicopter.com/project/mil-171-e/ |date=24 October 2017 }}
*[http://www.russianhelicopters.aero/en/helicopters/military/mi-817.html Mi-8/17 page on russianhelicopters.aero]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120329100629/http://www.helicomontagne.fr/QTVR/MILMI.html Inside Mil-Mi helicopter]
*[http://www.helicopter-database.net/mi8.php Mi-17 DataBase] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010135800/http://www.helicopter-database.net/mi8.php |date=10 October 2017 }}
*[http://www.airliners.net/open.file/1306795/L/ Mi-171V Malaysia Fire Department – Bomba]

{{Mil aircraft}}
{{CF aircraft}}
{{NATO helicopter reporting names}}

[[Category:1970s Soviet military transport aircraft]]
[[Category:Mil aircraft]]
[[Category:1970s Soviet helicopters]]
[[Category:Twin-turbine helicopters]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1975]]
[[Category:Military transport helicopters]]
[[Category:Single-rotor helicopters]]
[[Category:Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear]]

Ranam (2006 film)

2026-03-17T16:26:29Z

Proctocure: General cleanup and content improvements

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ranam
| image = Ranam (2006 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = Marudhuri Raja {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = Amma Rajashekhar
| screenplay = Amma Rajashekhar
| producer = Pokuri Babu Rao
| director = Amma Rajashekhar
| starring = [[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]] [[Biju Menon]] [[Kamna Jethmalani]]
| music = [[Mani Sharma]]
| cinematography = Ch. Ramana Raju
| editing = Gautham Raju
| studio = Eetharam Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2006|2|10}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross = ₹10 crore [[Box office#Distributor rentals|distributors' share]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Tollywood Top 10 Box Office Collection Movies In 2006 |url=https://t2blive.com/tollywood-top-10-box-office-collection-movies-in-2006/ |website=T2BLive |language=en |date=19 February 2019 |access-date=12 May 2025}}</ref>
}}

'''''Ranam''''' ({{translation}} ''War'') is a 2006 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action comedy film]] produced by Pokuri Babu Rao by on Eetharam Films banner and directed by Amma Rajasekhar. It stars [[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]], [[Biju Menon]] and [[Kamna Jethmalani]] in the lead roles and features music composed by [[Mani Sharma]]. The film is the debut of Amma Rajasekhar as a director. The film was remade in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Bhadra (2011 film)|Bhadra]]''.

It was dubbed in Hindi as ''Surya Jalta Nahi Jalata Hai'', in Tamil as ''Stalin'', and in Oriya as ''Fighter''. It was successful at the box office collecting a [[Box office#Distributor rentals|distributors' share]] of ₹10 crore.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 February 2019 |title=Tollywood Top 10 Box Office Collection Movies In 2006 |url=https://t2blive.com/tollywood-top-10-box-office-collection-movies-in-2006/ |access-date=12 May 2025 |website=T2BLive |language=en}}</ref> The sequel named ''Ranam 2'' was also planned where director Amma Rajasekhar marking his acting debut along with directing the film but after the death of actor [[Srihari]] the film got shelved and remained unreleased.

==Plot==
Because of his antics tolerated by his father, Chinna moves to the city for higher studies, where he has an altercation with Bhagawati's gangsters. He finds himself in trouble when he falls in love with Maheswari, Bhagawati's sister.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]] as Chinna
*[[Biju Menon]] as Bhagawati
*[[Kamna Jethmalani]] as Maheswari / Mahi, Bhagawati's sister
*[[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Chinna's father
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Gokul
*[[Rama Prabha]] as Mahi's grandmother
*[[Venu Madhav (actor)|Venu Madhav]] as Venu
*[[Suman Setty]] as Student
*[[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]] as Principal
*[[Prudhviraj (Telugu actor)|Pruthvi Raj]] as Inspector
*[[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]] as Inspector
*[[G. V. Sudhakar Naidu]] as Masthan
* Vajja Venkata Giridhar as Student
*Amith as Student
*[[Venu Yeldandi]] as Bhagawati's henchmen
*[[Chandana Lakshmi Narasimha Rao (Chitti)]]as Chinna's brother
*Tarzan as Gowri
*Vijaya Singh as Chinna's mother
*Jahnavi as Mahi's friend
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Ranam
| type = film
| artist = [[Mani Sharma]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 18 January 2006
| recorded = 2005
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 27:26
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = [[Mani Sharma]]
| prev_title = [[That is Pandu|Pandu]]
| prev_year = 2005
| next_title = [[Style (2006 film)|Style]]
| next_year = 2006
}}

Music composed by [[Mani Sharma]]. The music was released by [[Aditya Music]] company.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-ranam.html|title=Audio release - Ranam|date=18 January 2005|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> All tracks recorded, mixed and mastered by SV Ranjit.
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 27:26
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Cheli Jabili
| lyrics1 = [[Kandikonda]]
| extra1 = Naveen, [[Suchitra]]
| length1 = 4:35

| title2 = Varevva
| lyrics2 = [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| extra2 = [[Mallikarjun]], [[Mahalakshmi Iyer]]
| length2 = 4:35

| title3 = Hey Chinna
| lyrics3 = Bhasha Sri
| extra3 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
| length3 = 4:04

| title4 = Bulligownu
| lyrics4 = Bhasha Sri
| extra4 = [[Jassie Gift]]
| length4 = 5:36

| title5 = Nallanimabbu
| lyrics5 = Bhasha Sri
| extra5 = Vardhini
| length5 = 4:38

| title6 = Gana Gana
| lyrics6 = [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| extra6 = [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Sangeetha Katti|Sangeetha]]
| length6 = 3:37
}}

== Reception ==
Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' wrote that "On a whole, there are no boring moments in ''Ranam'' and you may watch it".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-ranam.html|title = Ranam - Telugu cinema Review - Gopichand & Kamna Jetmalani|date=10 February 2006|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|last=Jeevi}}</ref> Kishore of ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' wrote that "On the whole ''Ranam'' is an entertaining movie, worth watching once".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/2624/telugu/ranam/632/review.htm|title=Ranam Telugu Movie Review|last=Kishore|date=14 November 2005|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|via=Nowrunning|access-date=8 May 2023|archive-date=8 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508004633/https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/2624/telugu/ranam/632/review.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Box office ==
The film had a 100-day run in 24 centres.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0864977|title=Ranam}}

[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mani Sharma]]
[[Category:2006 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2006 action films]]

Kurella Vittalacharya

2026-03-14T21:01:17Z

Proctocure: Starting the data added tags

{{Short description|Indian educator}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kurella Vittalacharya
| image = Vitalacharya sir.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1938}}
| occupation = Educator, Poet, Author
| years_active =
| known_for = Contributions to Telugu literature and education
| notable_works = 'Vittaleshwara Satakam'
| awards = Telugu University Distinguished Award, Dasarathi Award
[[Padma Shri]]
}}

'''Kurella Vittalacharya''' (born 1938) is an Indian educator, poet, and author who has contributed to [[Telugu literature]]. His work was recognised with the [[Padma Shri]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhoomi |first=Vivek |date=2021-12-12 |title=Dr Kurella Vittalacharya: Telangana's 84-year-old marvellous Mr Words |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/good-news/2021/Dec/12/dr-kurella-vittalacharya-the-marvellous-mr-words-2394596.html |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Modi praises Vithalacharya ... Who is he yet? |url=http://www.indiaherald.com/Politics/Read/994458685/Modi-praises-Vithalacharya-Who-is-he-yet- |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=indiaherald.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Vittalacharya was born into a family that faced financial challenges after the death of his father. He pursued his literary education with the help of community support.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-14 |title=84-Year-Old Gives Up Everything He Earned To Establish Library With Over 2 Lakh Books |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/dr-kurella-vittalacharya-established-library-2-lakh-books-556707.html |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-31 |title=Inspiring Story Of Dr. Kurella Vittalacharya For Book Lovers |url=https://mad4india.com/mad-for-change/dr-kurella-vittalacharya-library-2lakhbooks/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Vittalacharya has served as a principal and lecturer, and has written 22 books, including the poetry collection 'Vittaleshwara Satakam'. His contributions have earned him accolades including the [[Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University|Telugu University]] Distinguished Award and the Dasarathi Award in 2019, which was presented by then Vice-President [[Venkaiah Naidu]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhoomi |first=Vivek |date=2021-12-27 |title=TNIE impact: PM Narendra Modi sees the bright side in Telangana writer's story |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/good-news/2021/Dec/27/tnie-impact-pm-narendra-modi-sees-the-bright-side-intelangana-writers-story-2400072.html |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Vittalacharya established a public library in his hometown which has 200,000 books. This has led to the development of additional libraries in surrounding areas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tanima |date=2022-01-03 |title=This Man Spent His Entire Earnings To Set Up A Library |url=https://lifebeyondnumbers.com/kurella-vittalacharya-library-telangana/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=lifebeyondnumbers.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-04 |title=T'gana govt felicitates Padma awardees including Venkaiah Naidu, Chiranjeevi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/tgana-government-felicitates-padma-awardees-including-venkaiah-naidu-chiranjeevi/articleshow/107401142.cms |access-date=2024-04-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Honors ==
His efforts have been nationally recognized, receiving praise from [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] during the '[[Mann Ki Baat]]' radio program. On January 25, 2024, the Government of India awarded him the [[Padma Shri]] for his extensive contributions to the fields of literature and education.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-25 |title=Five from Telangana, three from Andhra Pradesh in Padma Awards 2024 list |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/five-from-telangana-three-from-ap-in-padma-awards-2024-list/article67777723.ece |access-date=2024-04-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-26 |title=Five from Telangana get Padma Shri in arts, literature |url=https://www.ap7am.com/en/73660/five-from-telangana-get-padma-shri-in-arts-literature |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=ap7am.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-26 |title=Padma Awards 2024: PM Modi sends heartfelt congratulations to recipients in special message – Check full list of Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri, Padma Vibhushan awardees here |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/defence-padma-awards-2024-pm-modi-sends-heartfelt-congratulations-to-recipients-in-special-message-check-full-list-of-padma-bhushan-padma-shri-padma-vibhushan-awardees-here-3375696/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu poets]]
[[Category:Indian educators]]
[[Category:Indian poets]]

{{India-poet-stub}}

Brahmavana

2026-03-13T23:02:09Z

Proctocure: starting a page - done

{{Short description|Village in Mithila region, Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Brahmavana
| official_name = Brahmavana
| native_name = ब्रह्मवाना
| native_name_lang = mai
| other_name = Brahmabana
| settlement_type = Village
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.7998103|N|85.7181628|E}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mithila region|Mithila]]
| subdivision_type3 = District
| subdivision_name3 = [[Samastipur district|Samastipur]]
| subdivision_type4 = Block
| subdivision_name4 = [[Sarairanjan]]
| seat_type = Panchayati Raj
| seat = Panchayat Samiti
| government_type = Mukhiya
| governing_body = Latbasepura Gram Panchyat
| population_demonym = [[Maithil]]
| demographics_type2 = Languages
| demographics2_title1 = Official language
*Mother language
| demographics2_info1 = *Hindi
*[[Maithili language|Maithili]]
}}
'''Brahmavana''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: ब्रह्मवाना) is a village in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of [[India]]. It is located in the [[Sarairanjan]] block of the [[Samastipur district]] in the [[Bihar]] state. It comes under the Latbasepura Gram Panchayat. The village is known for organising various cultural activities in region.<ref>{{Cite news |title=अष्टयाम संकीर्तन के आयोजन से भक्तिमय हुआ ब्रह्मवाना गांव |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/samastipur/sarairanjan/news/brahmavana-village-became-devotional-due-to-the-organization-of-ashtyam-sankirtan-131886510.html |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref> The mother language of the village is Maithili.

== Description ==
According to legend, it is believed that in the ancient times there was an ashram of the Vedic sage [[Shandilya (Rishi)|Shandilya]] in the village.<ref>{{Cite news |title=विश्व की सर्वोत्तम भूमि है मिथिला: चिदात्मन जी महाराज |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/samastipur/story-mithila-is-the-best-land-in-the-world-chidatman-ji-maharaj-10203159.html |work=Hindustan}}</ref> Apart from the [[Shandilya Ashram]], there are several other Hindu shrines in the village. ''Birjeshwardham'' is a famous [[Tirtha (Hinduism)|tirtha]] in the village. The Birjeshwardham is known for organising different types of grand [[Yajna]] in its campus from time to time. Annually a five-days ''Shatchandi Mahayajna'' is organised at the premises of the Birjeshwardham in the village. On the inaugural day of the ''Mahayajna'', a grand ''Kalash Shobha Yatra'' is taken out in the village. In the Kalash Yatra, 151 to 251 girls (''Kanya'') from the village participate to bring sacred water. These girls are provided pots for bringing sacred water ([[Achhinjal]]) from the ''Birja Sarovar''. After filling the pots with the sacred water of the Birja Sarovar, these are installed at the site of the Mahayagna. During the installation of the water filled pots at the Mahayajna site, [[Pandit|Pandits]] chant [[Vedas|Vedic]] [[Mantra|Mantras]]. A large number of devotees flock during the functions of the Shatchandi Mahayajna in the village. The village is also called as ''Brahmabana''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=बिरजेश्वरधाम ब्रह्मबाना में महाकुंभ महोत्सव आयोजित |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/samastipur/sarairanjan/news/maha-kumbh-festival-organized-at-birjeshwar-dham-brahmabana-134698196.html |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=श्री शतचंडी महायज्ञ को लेकर निकाली गई भव्य कलश यात्रा |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/samastipur/sarairanjan/news/a-grand-kalash-yatra-was-carried-out-for-shri-shatchandi-maha-yagya-134403725.html |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=विरजेश्वर धाम ब्रह्मवाना में शतचंडी महायज्ञ को लेकर निकाली कलश शोभा यात्रा |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/samastipur/sarairanjan/news/kalash-procession-was-taken-out-in-connection-with-shatchandi-mahayagya-at-virajeshwar-dham-brahmavana-137026714.html |work=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Villages in Samastipur district]]
[[Category:Mithila (region)]]

{{Samastipur-geo-stub}}

Shrimad Rajchandra

2026-03-10T20:03:47Z

Proctocure: improve section to improve readability

{{Short description|Jain mystic poet from India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| religion = [[Jainism]]
| sect =
| honorific-prefix = Shrimad
| name = Rajchandra
| image = Srimad Rajcandra.jpg
| caption = Rajchandra in [[Lotus position]]
| birth_name = Lakshminandan Ravjibhai Mehta
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1867|11|09|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Vavaniya]], [[Morbi State]], [[British India]] (now in [[Gujarat]], India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1901|04|09|1867|11|09|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Rajkot]], [[Rajkot State]], British India (now in Gujarat)
| works = {{hlist|''[[Atma Siddhi]]''|''Mokshamala''}}
| parents = Ravjibhai and Devbai
| spouse = {{married|Jhabakben|1887}}
| other_names = {{ubl|Kavi|Raichandbhai|Param Krupalu Dev|Krupanath}}
}}
{{Quote box
| quote =
'''સહજાત્મ સ્વરૂપ પરમગુરુ''' 
''The natural, pure Self is the Supreme Guru.'' 
'''પરમગુરુ નિર્ગ્રંથ સર્વજ્ઞ દેવ''' 
''The Supreme Guru is the liberated one, free from all bondages, the all-knowing Divine.'' 
'''આતમભાવના ભવતા જીવ લહે કેવળજ્ઞાન રે!''' 
''Through deep contemplation of the pure nature of the soul, it attains pure, infinite knowledge.''
| title = Three mantras of Shrimad Rajchandra:
| width = 300px
| align = right
| bgcolor= #FFF5E5
}}
'''Shrimad Rajchandra''' (9 November 1867 – 9 April 1901), also known as '''Param Krupalu Dev''', was a [[Jainism|Jain]] poet, mystic, philosopher, scholar, and a major reformer from India. Born in [[Vavaniya]], a village near [[Morbi]], he attained recollection of his past lives at the age of seven. He performed [[Avadhanam|''Avadhāna'']], a memory retention and recollection test that gained him popularity, but he later discouraged it in favour of his spiritual pursuits. He wrote much philosophical poetry including ''[[Atma Siddhi|Ātma-Siddhi-Śāśtra]]''. He also wrote many letters and commentaries and translated some religious texts. He is known for his teachings on Jainism and his spiritual guidance to [[Mahatma Gandhi]].

==Early life==
[[File:Shrimad Rajchandra Janmabhuvan.jpg|thumb|Shrimad Rajchandra Janma Bhuvan in Vavaniya|left]]
{{Jainism}}
Shrimad Rajchandra was born on 9 November 1867 ([[Kartik Purnima|Kartika Purnima]], [[Vikram Samvat]] 1924), in [[Vavaniya]], a port near [[Morbi]] (now in [[Gujarat]], India).{{sfn|Flügel|2006|p=241}} His mother, Devbai, was [[Śvetāmbara]] [[Sthanakvasi]] [[Jain]] and his father, Ravjibhai Mehta and paternal grandfather, Panchan Mehta, were [[Vaishnava]] [[Hindu]]. Hence he was introduced to both [[Jainism]] and [[Hinduism]] from early life.<ref name="Jainpedia" /><ref name="CSCSU" />{{snf|Salter|2002|p=126}}{{snf|Salter|2002|p=125}} He was initiated in Vaishnavism by a [[Sadhu]] named Ramadasji, following which he also studied [[Vedanta]].<ref name="Jainpedia" /><ref name="CSCSU" />{{snf|Salter|2002|p=126—127}} He continued to study other [[Indian religions]] and was attracted to [[Ahinsa|Ahiṃsā]] (non-violence) and ''bheda-vijñāna'' (practice of discrimination of the soul from transient activities and substances) doctrine of Jainism.{{source needed|date=October 2025}} Later, he chose Jainism because he considered that it provides "best path to [[Moksha (Jainism)|salvation]]".{{snf|Salter|2002|p=127}} In one of the letters to [[Mahatma Gandhi]], Shrimad stated that the great souls like the [[Tirthankars]] have revealed knowledge of a thousand times deeper import than what the [[Vedas]] contain. Therefore, since something imperfect cannot be the origin of a perfect thing, it is not justified in asserting that all religions (including Jainism) had originated from the Vedas.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Shrimad Rajchandra's Reply to Gandhiji's Questions | url=https://www.mkgandhi.org/ebks/shrimad-rajchandra-gandhiji-questions-answers.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620095253/http://www.mkgandhi.org/ebks/shrimad-rajchandra-gandhiji-questions-answers.pdf | archive-date=2017-06-20}}</ref>

Shrimad, highlighting works of [[Anandghan|Anandghanji Maharaj]], maintained that [[Jain philosophy]] held supreme place because it consisted the partial truths expressed by other schools into a complete perspective grounded in the vision of the [[Tirthankara|omniscient Lords]]. He explained that while individual [[Indian philosophies]] emphasized in limited capacity over topics such as creation, karma, the soul, or liberation, Jainism addressed and harmoniously incorporated all these concepts and viewpoints without exclusion.<ref>Atmasiddhi, Manu Doshi. p. 50. Verse 44 https://archive.org/details/atmasiddhi1/page/n49/mode/2up</ref> To illustrate this, he re-affirmed the 'ocean and river' analogy that just as all rivers eventually flow into the ocean, the insights of various single sighted traditions ultimately converge within Jainism, which is regarded as reflecting the all encompassing knowledge of the Tirthankars. In this way, Shrimad stated that Jain philosophy resolved the questions and doubts left unanswered by other schools, presenting the most comprehensive path towards liberation.<ref>Atmasiddhi, Manu Doshi. p. 50. Verse 44 https://archive.org/details/atmasiddhi1/page/n49/mode/2up</ref> He preached that the path of liberation is open to all, regardless of [[caste]], [[creed]], or [[gender]], sect and whether one lives as a [[Jain monasticism|monk]] or as a [[Śrāvaka (Jainism)|pious layperson]], as mentioned in the sacred [[Sthānāṅga Sūtra]].<ref>Atmasiddhi, Manu Doshi. p. 107. verse 107 https://archive.org/details/atmasiddhi1/page/n105/mode/2up</ref>

His birth name was Lakshminandan Mehta. He was renamed Raichand by his parents when he was four years old. Later, his name changed to its [[Sanskrit]] form, Rajchandra. Shrimad, an honorific, was added by his disciples posthumously. His disciples also refer to him as Param Krupalu Dev (Lord of the Highest Compassion).<ref name="Jainpedia"/>{{snf|Salter|2002|p=126}}

===Recollection of previous lives===
[[File:Jain Universal History Diorama in Jain Museum of Madhuban 33.jpg|thumb|A [[diorama]] representing Rajchandra's seeing of cremation, Jain Museum, [[Madhuban, Giridih]]|left]]
Shrimad said that he first attained ''jāti-smaraṇa jñāna'' (recollection of previous lives) at the age of seven, in 1874. In an 1890 reply to a question from Padamshibhai, his friend in Bhuleshwar, Bombay, he described the incident:{{snf|Salter|2002|p=131}}<ref name="CSCSU"/><ref name="Raj1964"/><blockquote>''When I was seven years old, an elderly man named Amichand, well-built, stout and sturdy, a neighbor in my village, suddenly died of a snake bite. I did not know what was death. I asked my grandfather as to what was the meaning of death. He tried to evade the reply and advised me to finish my meals. I insisted on a reply. At last he said: "To die means the separation of the soul from the body. A dead body has no movement, it contaminates and decays. Such a dead body will be burnt to ashes near a river-bank as it has ceased to function." Then I went secretly to the cremation ground and climbing a Babul tree I saw the whole process of cremation of the dead man's body and I felt that those who burnt him were cruel. A train of thoughts started on the nature of the death and as a result I could recollect my previous lives.''</blockquote>

This incident played a pivotal role in his perception of the world.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rajchandra|first1=Shrimad|title=Shrimad Rajchandra|journal=Haathnondh-1|issue=6th edition|page=801|url=https://archive.org/details/shrimadvachanamrutweb|access-date=24 December 2016}}</ref> He described his spiritual journey in one of his poems. He wrote that he advanced on the path of spirituality he had already attained in his previous life. He claimed that he developed complete resignation and detachment to his mortal body and the rest of the world in 1897. He thanked the day of the experience in one of his poems written at the age of 30.<ref name="CSCSU"/> The tree he climbed no longer exists, but a monument temple with a model of the event was erected on the site.{{snf|Salter|2002|p=131}}

He experienced the same when he visited the [[Uparkot Fort|fort]] in [[Junagadh]]. His experiences influenced him to live a religious life.<ref name="Jainpedia"/>

===Prodigy===

Shrimad had atypical memory retentiveness and recollection. He joined the school at the age of seven and half but mastered the preliminaries in calculation in just a month. In two years, he completed the study of seven grades.<ref name="Jainpedia"/><ref name="CSCSU"/>

At the age of eight, he started composing poems. He composed verse synopses on ''[[Ramayana]]'' and ''[[Mahabharata]]'' at the age of nine.{{snf|Salter|2002|p=128}} He gained maturity in thinking and reasoning and by the age of 10 started public speaking. At the age of 11 he started writing articles in newspapers and magazines, such as in {{Lang|gu-latn|[[Buddhiprakash]]}} and won several prizes in essay writing competitions. He wrote a 300-stanza poem on 'a watch' at the age of 12. In 1880, he went to [[Rajkot]] to study English, but very little is known about his education there. By 1882, he had studied and mastered several subjects. He became known as a young poet and was referred to as Kavi due to it. He occasionally visited the residence of the ruler of [[Cutch State|Kutch]] as a writer and was praised for his penmanship. He started attending his father's shop aged 13. He composed many poems on the lives of [[Rama]] and [[Krishna]] while managing the shop.{{efn-ua|as written by Shrimad in his ''Samucchaya Vayacharya''.}}<ref name="Jainpedia">{{cite web | title=Rājacandra | website=Jainpedia|first=Jérôme|last=Petit| date=2016 | url=http://www.jainpedia.org/themes/people/studying-jainism/rajacandra.html | access-date=9 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="CSCSU">{{cite web | website=Computer Science Department, Colorado State University. | url=http://www.cs.colostate.edu/~malaiya/rajchandra.html |title=Life of Shrimad Rajchandra|access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref>

==Later life==
===''Avadhāna''===
[[Avadhanam|''Avadhāna'']] is a difficult test of attention and recollection in which a person attends multiple objects and activities at a time. In 1884, Rajchandra came from Vavania to Morbi where he saw Shastri Shankarlal M. Bhatt performing eight ''Avadhāna'' at a time. Gattulalji Maharaj was performing the same in [[Bombay]]. He saw the performance and quickly picked it up. Just two days after the performance, he performed it in front of his friends and later in public. Initially he performed 12 ''Avadhāna'' in public in [[Morbi]] but later he performed 16 ''Avadhāna'' in audience of two thousand in [[Wadhwan|Wadhwan Camp]], which was praised in newspapers. He performed 52 ''Avadhāna'' in [[Botad]] in a private meeting with his friend Harilal Shivalal Sheth which included playing ''[[Chopat]]'' game with three players; playing cards with three players; playing chess; keeping count of the sound of a small gong; mentally computing arithmetic sums involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division (4); keeping count of the movement of beads along a thread; solving eight new problems; composing verses on eight diverse topics selected at the time and in the specific [[metre (poetry)|metre]] chosen by various members of the audience (16); rearranging 400 words of various languages spoken in random order including Greek, English, Sanskrit, Hindi, Arabic, Latin, Urdu, Gujarati, Marathi, Bengali, Maru, Jadeji, in the right order of subject, predicate (16); teaching a student; contemplating various figures of speech (2); all at one time.<ref name="CSCSU"/>{{snf|Salter|2002|p=132}}

He performed ''śatāvadhāna'' (100 ''Avadhāna'') at Sir Framji Cowasji Institute in Bombay on 22 January 1887, which gained him praise and publicity. He was awarded gold medals by institutes and public for his performances as well as title of 'Sakshat [[Saraswati]]' (Incarnation of the Goddess of Knowledge). Rajchandra believed that the publicity gained by such ''Avadhāna''s may become an obstacle in spiritual pursuits, so he gradually discouraged the performances and stopped it completely by age of 20.<ref name="CSCSU"/>{{snf|Salter|2002|p=132}} The performances attracted wide coverage in national newspapers.{{snf|Salter|2002|p=133}} In September 1893, when in Chicago, [[Virchand Gandhi]] mentioned this feat at the [[Parliament of the World's Religions]].<ref name="KarbhariGāndhī1911">{{cite book|author1=Bhagu F. Karbhari|author2=Vīrchand Rāghavajī Gāndhī|title=The Jain Philosophy: Collected and Ed. by Baghu F. Karbhari|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5kWQQAACAAJ|year=1911|publisher=N.M. Tripathi & Company|pages=116–120}}</ref>

===Later years===
[[File:Shrimad Preaching Mahavir's Bodh.jpg|thumb|240px|Shrimad giving discourse on Lord Mahavira's teachings to the leaders of all Jain sects at [[Idar, Gujarat|Idar]].]]
In 1887 (Maha Sud 12, VS 1944), Rajchandra married Jhabakben, daughter of Popatlal, the elder brother of Revashankar Jagjivandas Mehta, a [[Zaveri]] merchant family. He then engaged in the pearl and diamond business.<ref name="CSCSU"/><ref name="Raj1964"/>{{snf|Salter|2002|p=135}} They had two sons and two daughters.{{snf|Salter|2002|p=135}} His in-laws wanted him to move to [[Bombay]] and establish business there, but he was interested in his spiritual pursuits.<ref name=Jainpedia/>

In 1890 (VS 1947), he experienced [[self-realization]] (shuddh samyak darshan) in Bombay. In His letter (Patrank 133) describing His state at the time, Shrimad wrote “Day and night, reflection upon the supreme reality alone prevails, that alone is the food, that alone is the sleep, that alone is the bed, that alone is the dream, that alone is the fear, that alone is the pleasure, that alone is the possession, that alone is the walking, that alone is the sitting. What more do I say? Bones, flesh and their marrow are only coloured in the colour of that alone."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life - Shrimad Rajchandraji |url=https://www.srmd.org/shrimad-rajchandraji/life/ |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Shrimad Rajchandra Mission Dharampur |language=en-US}}</ref> He continued his householder life for more six years and was successful in his business.{{snf|Salter|2002|p=137}}
[[File:Shrimad and Gandhi Portrait.jpg|thumb|A portrait depicting Shrimad Rajchandra and Mahatma Gandhi being unveiled at The Consulate General of India in [[Guangzhou]], [[China]].]]
He is known as a spiritual guide of [[Mahatma Gandhi]].{{snf|Salter|2002|p=145}} They were introduced in [[Mumbai]] in 1891 and had various conversations through letters while Gandhi was in South Africa. Gandhi noted his impression of Shrimad Rajchandra in his autobiography, ''[[The Story of My Experiments with Truth]]'', calling him his "guide and helper" and his "refuge in moments of spiritual crisis". He advised Gandhi to be patient and to study [[Hinduism]] deeply. His teaching directly influenced Gandhi's non-violence philosophy.<ref name=Jainpedia/><ref name="Weber2004">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/gandhiasdisciple0000webe|url-access=registration|title=Gandhi as Disciple and Mentor|author=Thomas Weber|date=2 December 2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-45657-9|pages=[https://archive.org/details/gandhiasdisciple0000webe/page/34 34]–36}}</ref>{{snf|Salter|2002|p=145}}

[[File:Shrimad Rajchandra Vihar Idar2.jpg|thumb|Shrimad Rajchandra Vihar located on the [[Idar, Gujarat|Idar]] hill where Shrimad Rajchandra gave discourses.]]
He stayed in Gujarat with his disciples and avoided moving to Bombay. He retired from householder life and business when he was thirty. He spent three months in [[Idar, Gujarat|Idar]] where he instructed seven monks in religious discourses sitting on a stone, ''pudhvi śila''. A memorial temple and a prayer hall was later built there.{{snf|Salter|2002|p=147–148}}<ref name=Jainpedia/>

During his final years, he suffered from colitis. No specific cause of death was identified except [[Weakness|extreme weakness]]. In 1900, he lost a large amount of weight. He was under medical supervision, and doctors advised him to move to coastal region of Gujarat for the benefit of his health. He contracted the illness during his stay in [[Dharampur, Gujarat]], from which he never recovered. In 1901, he, his mother and wife stayed at Aga Khan's bungalow in [[Ahmedabad]] before moving to [[Wadhwan]] Camp. He died on 9 April 1901 ([[Chaitra]] Vad 5, VS 1957) in [[Rajkot]] (now in Gujarat) surrounded by his family, friends and disciples.{{snf|Salter|2002|p=149}}<ref name=Jainpedia/><ref name="Raj1964">{{cite book|author1=Shrimad Rajchandra|author2=Jagmandar Lal Jaini (rai bahadur)|title=The Atma-Siddhi: (or the Self-Realization) of Shrimad Rajchandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9D_lAAAAMAAJ|year=1964|publisher=Shrimad Rajchandra Gyan Pracharak Trust}}</ref> A small photograph taken after his death is displayed in a library in [[Khambhat]] established by him. The room where he died is now a prayer hall dedicated to his memory.{{snf|Salter|2002|p=150}}

==Works==
Rajchandra wrote ''Stri Niti Bodhaka'' (The Nature of Ideal Moral Life for Women, 1884) in which he had advocated women's education as essential to national freedom. ''Sad-bodh-shatak'' (1884) is his work on ethical topics. ''Mokshamala'' (1887) is about Jainism and self-liberation written in an easy style understandable to young people.<ref name=Jainpedia/> Due to delay in the publication of ''Mokshamala'', he composed ''Bhavna Bodh'' for his readers. It was a small book of fifty pages in which he gave instructions to cultivate 12 sentiments to lead the life of non-attachment. He had composed ''Namiraja'', a work of five thousand verses explaining the nature of the four [[purushartha]]s. In ''Shurvir Smarana'' (1885), Rajchandra described the brave warriors of the past and compared them with their descendants who are not able to free India from British dominance.<ref name="CSCSU"/>
[[File:Shrimad Rajchandra and Ambalal.jpg|thumb|The statues of Shrimad Rajchandra and Ambalal which are erected by Shrimad Rajchandra Mission Dharampur in a room at Nadiad where ''[[Atma Siddhi]]'' was composed.]]
In ''[[Atma Siddhi]]'', a Gujarati poem, he set forth six fundamental truths on soul which are also known as ''ṣatpada'' (six steps). He lays emphasis on right perception ([[samyaktva]]), personal efforts and a true teacher's guidance in the path to self-realisation. It is a summary of his interpretation of Jainism.<ref name="CSCSU"/> It is adapted in a musical [[bhajan]] form by Shefali Shah. It is translated in English several times; the first by J. L. Jaini in 1923. Its popular translation was published by Brahmachari Govardhandas in 1957.<ref name=Jainpedia/>

He wrote more than 900 letters which charts his spiritual journey and teachings to disciples.<ref name="Raj1964"/> He also edited a newspaper, ''Vairagya Vilas''.<ref name="CSCSU"/>

''Shrimad Rajchandra'' ''Vachanamrut'' is a collection of his complete works including letters and other writings.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last=Broker|first=Gulabdas|url=https://gazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in/cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Language%20and%20Literature/chapter_4.pdf|title=Maharashtra Gazetteers: Language and Literature|publisher=Directorate of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State|year=1971|series=Maharashtra State Gazetteers|location=Mumbai|pages=360|chapter=Chapter 4: Gujarati|author-link=Gulabdas Broker}}</ref>

His several poems are popular including "Apurva Avsar Evo Kyare Aavshe..", "Mool Marg Sambhlo Jinno Re..", "Bina Nayan Pavey Nahi..", "Hey Prabhu! Hey Prabhu! Shu Kahu..", "Yam Niyam Sanjam Aap Kiyo..", "Ichche Chhe Je Jogijan...,"Bahu Punya Kera Punjthi..." and "Hey Prabhu! Hey Prabhu! Shu Kahu.." were Mahatma Gandhi's favourite [[bhajan]]s and were included in the ''Ashram Bhajanavali''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gandhi|first1=Mahatma|title=Swar-Lipi-Mein-Ashram-Bhajanavali|publisher=Navjivan|isbn=817229266X}}</ref>

===Translation and commentaries===
Rajchandra wrote 51 quotes on ''Samyati Dharma'' (the religion of monk) as described in ''Dasha Vaikalika Siddhanta'' (VS 1945). It is Gujarati rendering of the original Magadhi text. He also wrote commentary on ''Moksha Siddhanta'' (VS 1953). He incompletely translated Chidanandji's ''Swarodayagyan''. He wrote an incomplete commentary on ''Chauvisi'' of [[Anandghan|Anandghanji Maharaj]]. In his three letters (No. 393, 394 and 395 printed in "Shrimad Rajchandra Vachanamrut"), he commented on one of the couplets of sixth out of the eight perspective, ''Ath Yogdrashtini Sajjhaya'' composed by [[Yashovijaya|Upadhyay Yashovijayji Maharaj]]. He wrote equivalent Gujarati translation of the first 100 verses of ''Atmanushasan''. He wrote on three ''Bhavna'' or Contemplations (''Anitya'', ''Asharan'' and a little on ''Sansara Bhavna'') out of [[Twelve Contemplations|12 ''Bhavna'']] described in ''Shri Ratnakarand Shravakaachar''. He completely translated ''Panchastikaya'' of [[Kundakunda|Acharya Kundkunda]]. He had prepared an index on the ''Pragnavabodh'' (VS 1956).<ref name="CSCSU"/>

==Influence==
[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 709423 - Shrimad Rajchanraji Poet.jpeg|thumb|Stamp released by [[India Post]] in 2017]]
[[File:Shrimad Rajchandra Kayotsarg.jpg|thumb|200px|Idol of Shrimad Rajchandra in [[kayotsarga]] posture at Digambar Jain temple in [[Ville Parle]], [[Mumbai]]]]

Rajchandra was inspired by works of [[Kundakunda]] and [[Digambara]] mystical tradition. Nominally belonging to the Digambara tradition,{{sfn|Prakash C. Jain|2025|p=7,9}} his followers sometimes consider his teaching as a new path of Jainism, neither [[Śvetāmbara]] nor [[Digambara]], and revere him as a saint. His path is sometimes referred as ''Raj Bhakta Marg'', ''Kavipanth'', or ''Shrimadiya'', which has mostly lay followers as was Rajchandra himself.<ref name=Jainpedia/><ref>Salter, Emma (2002) ''Raj Bhakta Marg: the path of devotion to Srimad Rajcandra. A Jain community in the twenty first century.'' Doctoral thesis, University of Wales.</ref> His teachings influenced [[Kanji Swami]], [[Dada Bhagwan]],<ref name=FPeter>{{Cite book|url=http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/7438/1/Present_Lord_2003.pdf|title=Present Lord: Simandhara Svami and the Akram Vijnan Movement|last=Flügel|first=Peter|work=The Intimate Other: Love Divine in the Indic Religions|publisher=Orient Longman|year=2005|isbn=9788125028017|editor-last=King|editor-first=Anna S.|location=New Delhi|pages=194–243|editor-last2=Brockington|editor-first2=John}}</ref> [[Rakesh Jhaveri]], [[Saubhagyabhai|Saubhagbhai]], [[Lalluji Muni|Lalluji Maharaj]] (Laghuraj Swami), Atmanandji and several other religious figures. Some of them established temples and institutions in his dedication and to spread his teachings. Such temples often house his pictures and images based on photographs taken in a studio in various meditation postures just a month before his death.<ref name=Jainpedia/> Shrimad Rajchandra's teachings have been popular in the Jain diaspora communities; mostly in [[Jainism in Africa|East Africa]], the [[Jainism in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] and [[Jainism in the United States|North America]].<ref name="Jainpedia" /> Bauer notes that "[in] recent years there has been a convergence of the Kanji Swami Panth and the Shrimad Rajcandra movement, part of trend toward a more eucumenical and less sectarian Jainism among educated, mobile Jains living overseas."{{sfn|Bauer|2004|p=465}}

A special cover featuring him and [[Rabindranath Tagore]] was published by the [[India Post]] on occasion of [[Gandhi Jayanti]] in 2002.<ref name="Indian Stamp Ghar 2014">{{cite web | title=Shrimad Rajchandra Archives | website=Indian Stamp Ghar | date=6 April 2014 | url=http://www.indianstampghar.com/tag/shrimad-rajchandra/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108183533/http://www.indianstampghar.com/tag/shrimad-rajchandra/ | url-status=usurped | archive-date=8 January 2017 | access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref>

The [[Government of India]] released {{INR}}10 coins, {{INR}}150 souvenir coins and the stamps at the [[Sabarmati Ashram]] in Ahmedabad on 29 June 2017 as the commemoration of Shrimad Rajchandra's 150th birth anniversary.<ref>{{cite news|title=Narendra Modi releases stamps, coins to mark 150th birth anniversary of Jain scholar Shrimad Rajchandra|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/narendra-modi-releases-stamps-coins-to-mark-150th-birth-anniversary-of-jain-scholar-shrimad-rajchandra-3760169.html|access-date=3 July 2017|agency=First Post|publisher=First Post|date=30 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-narendra-modi-to-pay-tribute-to-the-mahatma-gandhis-guru-on-june-29/articleshow/59328103.cms|title=PM Narendra Modi to pay tribute to the Mahatma Gandhi's guru on June 29|last1=Venugopal|first1=Vasudha|date=27 June 2017|work=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=17 July 2017|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bapu's spiritual guru Shrimad Rajchandra remembered|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/bapus-spiritual-guru-shrimad-rajchandra-remembered/articleshow/59377265.cms|access-date=28 July 2017|agency=Times of India|issue=30 June 2017|publisher=Times of India|date=30 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Jathar|first1=Dnyanesh|title=Indian who inspired Gandhi|url=http://www.theweek.in/theweek/statescan/mahatma-gandhis-mentor-shrimad-rajchandra.html|access-date=28 July 2017|agency=The Week|issue=16 July 2017|publisher=The Week|date=16 July 2017}}</ref> [[UCR College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences|U.C. Riverside's College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences]] and the Department of Religious Studies announced the establishment the Shrimad Rajchandra Endowed Chair in Jain Studies on 17 February 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=University of California announces new Endowed Chair in Jain Studies|url=http://theunn.com/2017/03/university-of-california-announces-new-endowed-chair-in-jain-studies/|website=The Universal News Network|date=March 2017 |access-date=6 August 2017}}</ref>

Shrimad Rajchandra Mission Dharampur is a spiritual movement inspired from Shrimad Rajchandra. It was founded by [[Rakesh Jhaveri]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shrimad Rajchandra Mission Dharampur |url=https://www.srmd.org/ |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=Shrimad Rajchandra Mission Dharampur |language=en-US}}</ref> It is headquartered in [[Dharampur, Gujarat|Dharampur]], Gujarat and carries out social and spiritual activities.

A 34-feet idol - the world’s tallest statue of Shrimad Rajchandra was inaugurated in November 2017 at Shrimad Rajchandra Ashram, Dharampur by [[Rakesh Jhaveri]] and [[Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)|Sri Sri Ravishankar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=34 ft statue of shrimad rajchandra unveiled, works to set up 250-bed hospital kick off |url=http://deshgujarat.com/2017/11/05/34-ft-statue-of-shrimad-rajchandra-unveiled-works-to-set-up-250-bed-hospital-kick-off/ |access-date=10 June 2018 |agency=Desh Gujarat |publisher=Desh Gujarat |date=5 November 2017}}</ref> A ''Grand Mahamastakabhishek'' of this idol happens every year, and in 2024 India's Home Minister [[Amit Shah]] and RSS Chief [[Mohan Bhagwat]] both performed this annual ritual.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 January 2025 |title=Grand Mahamastakabhishek of World's Tallest Idol of Shrimad Rajchandraji by Home Minister Amit Shah |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/grand-mahamastakabhishek-of-worlds-tallest-idol-of-shrimad-rajchandraji-by-home-minister-amit-shah20250104143909/ |access-date=12 January 2025 |work=ANI News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat lays foundation stone of Veterniary College at Shrimad Rajchandra Mission Darampur |url=https://deshgujarat.com/2025/01/02/rss-chief-mohan-bhagwat-lays-foundation-stone-of-veterniary-college-at-shrimad-rajchandra-mission-darampur/ |access-date=3 March 2025 |publisher=Desh Gujarat |date=January 2, 2025}}</ref> In March - April 2025, thousands of devotees performed Mahamastakabhishek of Shrimad Rajchandra statue at Shrimad Rajchandra Ashram, Dharampur on occasion of celebrating 125 Years of Shrimad Rajchandraji gracing [[Dharampur, Gujarat|Dharampur]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 April 2025 |title=શ્રીમદ્ રાજચંદ્ર આશ્રમ, ધરમપુરમાં સેંકડો ભક્તોએ મહામસ્તકાભિષેકનો લ્હાવો લીધો |url=https://www.gujaratimidday.com/news/gujarat-news/photo/hundreds-of-devotees-join-mahamastakabhisheka-at-shrimad-rajchandra-ashram-in-dharampur-14365/4 |access-date=3 April 2025 |work=Gujarati Mid-day}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
In 2007, ''[[Apurva Avsar]]'', a biographical play on Shrimad Rajchandra in Gujarati, was produced by [[Manoj Shah]].<ref name="Parekh 2011">{{cite journal|last=Parekh|first=Dhwanil|author-link=Dhwanil Parekh|date=September–October 2011|script-title=gu:મનોજ શાહ દિગ્દર્શિત નાટકો-એક અભ્યાસ|trans-title=Plays Directed by Manoj Shah: A Study|url=http://www.sahityasetu.co.in/issue5/dhvanil.html|journal=Sahityasetu|volume=1|issue=5|issn=2249-2372}}</ref><ref name="Mumbai Mirror 2011">{{cite news|date=19 March 2011|title=Manoj Shah's Apurva Avsar today|newspaper=Mumbai Mirror|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/art-theatre/Manoj-Shahs-Apurva-Avsar-today/articleshow/16111264.cms|access-date=26 October 2020}}</ref> A Gujarati play entitled ''[[Yugpurush (play)|Yugpurush: Mahatma na Mahatma]]'' depicting the spiritual relationship between Shrimad Rajchandra and Mahatma Gandhi was produced by Shrimad Rajchandra Mission, Dharampur, in November 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=Play looks at a scholar who shaped Mahatma Gandhi's spiritual journey|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Play-looks-at-a-scholar-who-shaped-Mahatma-Gandhis-spiritual-journey/articleshow/55445407.cms?from=mdr|access-date=16 November 2016|date=16 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kochar|first1=Ritu|title=Yugpurush — Mahatma na Mahatma: Play highlights Gandhi's association with his guru Shrimad Rajchandraji|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/yugpurush-mahatma-na-mahatma-play-highlights-gandhis-association-with-his-guru-shrimad-rajchandraji-4496549/|access-date=28 July 2017|agency=The Indian Express|issue=29 January 2017|publisher=The Indian Express|date=29 January 2017}}</ref> An animated biographical Gujarati film ''Shrimad Rajchandra'' directed by Bhairav Kothari was released in 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chappia|first=Hemali|date=19 November 2021|title=Jains rush to watch life-changing biopic on Shrimad Rajchandraji|work=Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-jains-rush-to-watch-life-changing-biopic-on-shrimad-rajchandraji/articleshow/87790100.cms?from=mdr}}</ref>

On 4 August, 2022, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] inaugurated various projects in Dharampur including [[Shrimad Rajchandra Hospital]] and women and childcare center which were named after him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-04 |title=PM to inaugurate projects under Shrimad Rajchandra Mission |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pm-to-launch-and-inaugurate-projects-under-shrimad-rajchandra-mission-11659570412107.html |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist-ua}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}

* {{cite book | last =Bauer | first =Jerome | year =2004 | chapter =Kanji Swami (1890-1980) | editor-last =Jestice | editor-first =Phyllis G.| title=Holy People of the World: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia | publisher=ABC-CLIO | pages=464 | isbn=9781576073551 | volume=1 | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H5cQH17-HnMC&pg=PR43}}

* {{citation | editor-last =Flügel | editor-first =Peter | title =Studies in Jaina History and Culture: Disputes and Dialogues |url={{Google books|CIgqBgAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}} |year=2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-23552-0 }}

* {{cite book | last =Jain | first =Prakash C. | year =2025 | ref={{sfnref|Prakash C. Jain|2025}} | title =Jains in India and Abroad: A Sociological Introduction | publisher =DK Printworld}}

* {{cite thesis |last=Salter|first=Emma|date=2002|title=Raj Bhakta Marg: the path of devotion to Srimad Rajcandra. A Jain community in the twenty first century|type= Doctoral thesis |url=http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/9211/|access-date=21 September 2018|via=University of Huddersfield Repository|pages=125–150|publisher=University of Wales }}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
{{commonscat}}
{{wikisourcelang|gu|સર્જક:શ્રીમદ્ રાજચંદ્ર|શ્રીમદ્ રાજચંદ્ર}}
* [http://vakilspublications.com/S001.asp ''Atma-Siddhi : In Search of the Soul''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002135138/http://vakilspublications.com/S001.asp |date=2 October 2021 }} published by Vakils Feffer & Simons
* [http://www.shrimad.com/images/Vachanamrut-shrimad-mark.pdf ''Vachanamrut'', the complete works of Shrimad Rajchandra in Gujarati, including letters and writings]
*[https://vitraagvigyaan.org/admin/files/ebook/pdf_name/bda67ea9-f56f-11e4-94a5-d4bed934b450/Bhavana%20Bodh.compressed.pdf Bhavana Bodh by Shrimad Rajchandra]

{{Jain Gurus|state=collapsed}}
{{Jainism topics}}
{{Gandhi}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajchandra, Shrimad}}
[[Category:Mahatma Gandhi]]
[[Category:1867 births]]
[[Category:1901 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Rajkot]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian Jains]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:Jain philosophy]]
[[Category:Scholars of Jainism]]
[[Category:People from Morbi district]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language writers]]
[[Category:Jain reformers]]
[[Category:Shrimad Rajchandra]]

Neelmani

2026-03-04T04:06:01Z

Proctocure: Improved article clarity and structure

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{italic title}}
{{unreferenced|date=October 2011}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Neelmani
| image = Neelmani.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Film poster
| native_name = 
| director = Kundan Kumar
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer =
| starring = [[Nalini Jaywant]] [[Raaj Kumar]] [[Prem Adib]]
| narrator =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music = [[Chitragupt (composer)|Chitragupta]]
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|1957}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Neelmani''''' is a 1957 Indian Hindi-language film starring [[Nalini Jaywant]].

The film became popular partly because of its evergreen [[bhajan]], "Suunaa Suunaa Laage Biraj Kaa Dhaam", sung by [[Mohammed Rafi]].

==Music==
# "Suna Suna Lage Biraj Ka Dham Gokal Ko Chod" – [[Mohammed Rafi]]
# "O Mere Sanware Kanhayi" – [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
# "Ho Muraliwale Ho Muraliwale" – Lata Mangeshkar
# "Jab Paap Ki Aandhi" – [[Sudha Malhotra]]
# "Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki" – [[Suman Kalyanpur]], Mohammed Rafi
# "Nache Gokul Ki Goriya" – Lata Mangeshkar
# "Nand Gaanv Ri Kadamb Chhaanv Ri" – Lata Mangeshkar

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0234325}}

[[Category:1957 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1957 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Chitragupta]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1957 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

{{1950s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Stuartpuram Police Station

2026-03-03T18:28:28Z

Proctocure: Started Pg

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Stuartpuram Police Station
| image = Stuartpuram_Police_Station.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Yandamuri Veerendranath]]
| producer = [[K. S. Rama Rao]]
| writer = [[M. V. S. Haranatha Rao]] (dialogues)
| story =Yandamuri Veerendranath
| screenplay =Paruchuri Brothers
| starring = [[Chiranjeevi]] [[Vijayashanti]] [[Nirosha]] [[Sarath Kumar]]
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography =[[Lok Singh]]
| editing = Vellaiswamy
| studio = [[Creative Commercials]] Saradhi Studios
| distributor = [[Geetha Arts]]
| released = {{Film date|1991|01|09|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Stuartpuram Police Station''''' is a 1991 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action film]] written and directed by [[Yandamuri Veerendranath]]. Produced by [[K. S. Rama Rao]] starring [[Chiranjeevi]], [[Vijayashanti]] and [[Nirosha]], with [[Sarath Kumar]] playing the lead antagonist. The film failed at the box-office.<ref name=hindu2>{{cite news|title=Wordsmith and a guru of gyaan|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/06/06/stories/2009060653090800.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126191932/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/06/06/stories/2009060653090800.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 January 2013|accessdate=8 October 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=6 June 2009}}</ref>

==Plot==
Inspector Rana Pratap is assigned to [[Stuartpuram]] [[police station]]. Stuartpuram in [[Andhra Pradesh]], is a notorious place devastated by colonial prejudice, burglaries, robbery, and political corruption. Rana Pratap is assigned to the shelved mystery of large-scale Jewel robbery in the village. Rana Pratap fights against this mafia and is on a mission to apprehend Mafia leader who is the mastermind behind the Jewel robbery.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Chiranjeevi]] as Rana Pratap
* [[Vijayashanti]]
* [[Nirosha]]
* [[Sarath Kumar]]
* [[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]]
* [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]]
* [[Brahmanandam]]
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]]
* [[Gollapudi Maruti Rao]]
* [[Mohan Raj]]
* [[Babu Mohan]]
* [[Jyothi (actress)|Jyothi]]
}}

==Production==
When Ramarao wanted Veerendranath to direct ''Stuartpuram Police Station'', he insisted on making ''Agni Pravesham'' to which Ramarao agreed. After it was made, Ramarao did not like the film, however Chiranjeevi who was impressed with the film's making agreed to work under the direction of Veerendranath.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sri |date=12 January 2006 |title=TC Exclusive: K.S. Rama Rao - Interview |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/stars/interview_ksramarao_2006.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119100756/http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/stars/interview_ksramarao_2006.php |archive-date=19 November 2006 |access-date=2 December 2024 |work=[[Telugucinema.com]]}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The following is the track listing.<ref name=itunes>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/stuvartupuram-police-station/945914970 |title=Stuvartupuram Police Station (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |date=January 1991 |publisher=[[iTunes Store]] |access-date=4 Jan 2018 }}</ref> The song "Balegaa Undira" is set in [[Sankarabharanam (raga)#Janya 1: Ragam Pahadi/Pahari|Pahadi]], and "Zindabad" is set in [[Hamsanadam]].
{{Track listing
| all_lyrics = [[Veturi Sundararamamurthy]]
| extra_column = Singers
| title1 = Zindabad
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length1 = 4:46
| title2 = Fantastic
| extra2 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length2 = 5:27
| title3 = Balegaa Undira
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| length3 = 5:03
| title4 = Seethakoka Chilaka
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chitra, [[S. Janaki]]
| length4 = 5:12
| title5 = Cheekatanti
| extra5 = Mano, S. Janaki
| length5 = 4:56
| title6 = Neethone
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| length6 = 5:09
}}

==Awards==
* [[Nirosha]] won the [[Nandi Special Jury Award]] for her performance in this film.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=13 March 2010|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|access-date=22 January 2021|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|language=te|archive-date=23 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223135739/http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0246255}}

[[Category:1991 films]]
[[Category:1991 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:1991 action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films based on novels by Yandamuri Veerendranath]]

Huttu Habbada Shubhashayagalu

2026-03-03T12:15:46Z

Proctocure: Starting the article v1

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{short description|2021 Indian Kannada crime thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date= December 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Huttu Habbada Shubhashayagalu
| image = HuttuHabbadaShubhashayagalu.jpg
| caption = Release Poster
| director = Nagraj Bethur
| writer = Venu Hasrali, Prasanna V.M
| story = Prasanna V.M.
| producer = T R Chandrashekhar
| starring = [[Diganth]] [[Kavitha Gowda]]
| cinematography = Abhilash Kalathi
| editing = Srikanth Shroff
| music = [[V. Sridhar|Sridhar V. Sambhram]]
| studio = Crystal Park Cinemas
| distributor = Crystal park Cinemas
| released = {{Film date|2021|12|31|df=y}}
| runtime = 135 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Huttu Habbada Shubhashayagalu''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Kannada]] [[crime-thriller film]] written by Prasanna and directed by debut director Nagaraj Bethur. Produced by TR Chandrashekhar under the banner Crystal Park Cinemas, it features [[Diganth]] and [[Kavitha Gowda]] in lead roles, with a supporting cast including Madenur Manu, Sujay Shastri, and Ajay. The [[Film score|score]] and soundtrack for the film is by [[V. Sridhar|Sridhar V Sambhram]] and the cinematography by Abhilash Kalathi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Udayavani |title=ಡಸಂಬರ 31ರ ಮೇಲ ಸನಮಂದ ಕಣಣು: ಒಂದೇ ದನ 4 ಸನಮಾ |url=https://www.udayavani.com/cinema/balcony-sandalwood-news/four-kannada-films-to-release-on-dec-31st |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=Udayavani |language=kn}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Diganth]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2019 |title=Diganth's role in 'Huttu Habbada Subhashayagalu' revealed |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/diganth-s-role-huttu-habbada-subhashayagalu-revealed-111380 |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> as Arjun
* [[Kavitha Gowda]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2019 |title='Purple Priya' is now done with the colour |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/metrolife-on-the-move/purple-priya-is-now-done-with-the-colour-754774.html |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> as Ashika
* Madenuru Manu as Glucose
* Sujay Shastri as Siddarth Malhotra
* Rathan Ram as Vijay
* Ajay as Gaja
* Suraj as Ramesh
* Surya as Suresh
* Shanaya Katwe
* [[Sharanya Shetty]]
* Sridatta
* Srihari
* Amogha Varsha
}}

== Production ==
Filming started on 10 May 2019, performing its muhurta in a temple at [[Bengaluru]]. Diganth Manchale was on board to play the lead character, but the team cast Kavitha Gowda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kavitha Gowda joins the cast of 'Huttu Habbada Shubhashayagalu' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kavitha-gowda-joins-the-cast-of-huttu-habbada-shubhashayagalu/articleshow/69146306.cms |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=2 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref> This was her third collaboration with the production house. The film was shot in and around Bengaluru mainly at a resort, and wrapped on 31 January 2020.

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Huttu Habbada Shubhashayagalu
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Sridhar V Sambhram]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released =
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Kannada]]
| label = Crystal Music
| producer = T R Chandrashekhar
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

[[V. Sridhar|Sridhar V Sambhram]] composed the film's background score and the soundtracks. The music rights were acquired by Crystal Music.

{{tracklist
| headline = Tracklist
| title8 =
| title9 =
| length9 =
| title10 =
| length10 =
| title11 =
| length11 =
| title12 =
| length12 =
| title13 =
| length13 =
| length8 =
| title14 =
| title15 =
| length15 =
| title16 =
| length16 =
| title17 =
| length17 =
| title18 =
| length18 =
| title19 =
| length19 =
| title20 =
| length14 =
| length7 =
| lyrics3 =
| title7 =
| total_length = 3:14
| all_lyrics =
| title1 = Yenne Hodedhare Aparadha
| lyrics1 = [[Yogaraj Bhat]]
| extra1 = Shashank Sheshagiri, Impana Jeyaraj, Aishwarya Mahesh
| length1 = 3:14
| title2 =
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 =
| length2 =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title3 =
| extra3 =
| length3 =
| title4 =
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 =
| length4 =
| title5 =
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 =
| length5 =
| all_writing =
| length20 =
}}

== Release ==
The first poster for the film featuring Diganth was released on 28 October 2019, coinciding with the [[Deepavali]] festival.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2019 |title=ಮಾಸಲುಕನಲಲ 'ಹುಟಟು ಹಬಬದ ಶುಭಾಶಯ' ಕೋರದ ದೂದಪೇಡ ದಗಂತ; ಚತರದ ಫಸಟಲುಕ ಪೋಸಟರ ಸೂಪರ |url=https://kannada.news18.com/news/entertainment/actor-diganth-huttu-habbada-shubhashayagalu-movie-first-look-poster-release-hg-276451.html |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=News18 Kannada |language=kn}}</ref> The film's teaser was released on 5 March 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Huttu Habbada Shubhashayagalu: Film's teaser to release on March 5th |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/huttu-habbada-shubhashayagalu-films-teaser-to-release-on-march-5th/articleshow/81306462.cms |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=3 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> and a party song was released on 10 December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=govindaraj.s |title=Party Song: ದೂದ ಪೇಡ ದಗಂತ ಚತರದ ಎಣಣ ಹೊಡದರ ಅಪರಾಧ ಸಾಂಗ ರಲೀಸ |url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/sandalwood/kannada-movie-huttu-habbada-shubhashayagalu-yenne-hodedhare-song-out-starrer-diganth-gvd-r3ybcy |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=kn}}</ref> The trailer of the film was released on 23 December 2021<ref>{{Cite web |title='ಹುಟಟುಹಬಬ'ದ ಟರೇಲರ ಬಂತು: ಡ.31 ಸನಮಾ ರಲೀಸ |url=https://www.udayavani.com/uncategorized/huttu-habbada-shubhashayagalu-kannada-movie |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=udayavani.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Huttu habbada Shubhashayagalu Movie Trailer – Cinisuddi |url=https://www.cinisuddi.com/tag/huttu-habbada-shubhashayagalu-movie-trailer/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=govindaraj.s |title=Diganth Birthday: 'ಹುಟಟುಹಬಬ'ದ ಸಂಭರಮದಲಲ ಸಯಾಂಡಲವುಡನ ದೂದ ಪೇಡ |url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/sandalwood/happy-birthday-diganth-huttu-habbada-shubhashayagalu-to-hit-screens-on-december-31st-gvd-r4tmyr |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=kn}}</ref> by actor Upendra.<ref>{{Cite web |last=govindaraj.s |title=Diganth: ಹುಟಟು ಹಬಬದ ಟರೇಲರ ಲಾಂಚ ಮಾಡಲದದಾರ ರಯಲ ಸಟಾರ ಉಪೇಂದರ |url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/sandalwood/actor-upendra-to-launch-trailer-of-huttu-habbada-shubhashayagalu-movie-gvd-r4j054 |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=kn}}</ref> The film was initially slated to release in Summer 2021 but owing to the COVID-19 pandemic the release was pushed to 31 December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diganth Manchale starrer 'Huttu Habbada Shubhashayagalu' to release on New Year's Eve |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/diganth-manchale-starrer-huttu-habbada-shubhashayagalu-to-release-on-new-years-eve/articleshow/88518732.cms |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=27 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2022 |title=ಹೊಸ ವರಷವನನ ರಂಗೇರಸುತತದ 'ಹುಟಟುಹಬಬದ ಶುಭಾಶಯಗಳು'.. |url=https://www.btvnewslive.com/huttu-habbada-shubhashayagalu-movie-review/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=Btv News Live |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=govindaraj.s |title=Diganth: ಸನಮಾ ಮೂಲಕ 'ಹುಟಟು ಹಬಬದ ಶುಭಾಶಯ'ವನನು ತಳಸದ ದೂದ ಪೇಡ ದಗಂತ |url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/sandalwood/kannada-movie-huttu-habbada-shubhashayagalu-hit-theatres-on-december-31-starrer-diganth-gvd-r3l8zj |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=kn}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|tt12077762}}

[[Category:2021 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2021 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2021 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mysore]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]

Rubaai (film)

2026-03-03T03:15:01Z

Proctocure: add content to improve readability and added references per standard format

{{Short description|2017 Indian film by Anbazhagan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Rubaai
| image = Rubaai film poster.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Poster
| director = [[M. Anbazhagan]]
| producer = [[Prabhu Solomon]]
| writer = M. Anbazhagan
| starring = [[Chandran]] [[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]]
| music = [[D. Imman]]
| cinematography = V. Elayaraja
| editing = R. Nirmal
| studio = [[Prabhu Solomon|God Pictures]]
| distributor = Cosmo Village
| released = {{Film date|2017|07|14|df=yes}}
| runtime = 120 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''Rubaai''''' ({{translation}} Rupees) is a 2017 Tamil-language [[action drama film]] directed by Anbazhagan and produced by [[Prabhu Solomon]], starring [[Chandran]] and [[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]] in the leading roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No stopping Prabhu Solomon ! |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/no-stopping-for-prabhu-solomon.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701072432/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/no-stopping-for-prabhu-solomon.html |archive-date=1 July 2015 |access-date=28 June 2015}}</ref> The music was composed by [[D. Imman]] with cinematography by V. Elayaraja and editing by R. Nirmal. The film was released on 14 July 2017.

==Plot==
Two friends, Bharani and Babu, drive a commercial mini-truck for their livelihood. Hailing from Theni, they bought the vehicle on a loan and are due for payment. Luckily, they get an order to deliver the goods to Chennai. Despite the order, they fall short of money. To bridge the difference, they accept a "package and movers" job from Kunkumarajan. Kunkumarajan is a poor widower who lives with his daughter Ponni. While moving the belongings to the mini-truck, Bharani falls in love with Ponni. Due to unforeseen reasons, the destination house is unavailable for rent. An entire night, they wander around Chennai in search of a house to move into, with their belongings in the mini-truck.

Meanwhile, Mani Sharma loots a finance and is forced to kill the security guard. As a result, the police intensifies the search for the accused. Mani Sharma dumps the looted money in the mini-truck to escape from the police check. Somehow, he fails to retrieve the bag from the truck.

Angered that they are stalled in the middle of nowhere, Babu unpacks the belongings on the road. While doing so, they stumble upon the bag loaded with cash. Shocked with joy, Kunkumarajan gets a heart attack. The friends take him to the hospital for treatment. Ponni is left with no money, so Bharani and Babu spend the cash from the bag for his operation expenses. After he recovers, all four of them spend most of the money on purchasing properties and other stuff.

Using his wits, Mani Sharma tracks down these people. The police department has sketched Mani Sharma's face and is on the lookout for him. Can he retrieve his loot money with the police on his tail? If so, how does he retrieve the money they have already spent forms the rest of the story.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Chandran]] as Bharani
*[[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]] as Ponni
*Kishore Ravichandran as Babu
*[[Chinni Jayanth]] as Kungumarajan
*[[Harish Uthaman]] as Mani Sharma
*[[R. N. R. Manohar]] as Inspector Villenthi
*[[G. Marimuthu]] as Inspector Kumaraguru
*Vetrivel Raja
*Hello Kandasamy
*Parotta Murugesan
*L. V. K. Das
*Munnaru Subramani
*Mynaa Bala
{{colend}}

==Production==
[[Prabhu Solomon]] agreed to produce director Anbazhagan's second film and cast [[Chandran]] and [[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]], who had appeared together in Solomon's ''[[Kayal (film)|Kayal]]'' (2014), in the leading roles. Titled ''Paisa'', pre-production work began in early 2015 and the team completed the first shooting schedule in May 2015. During the period, the film was often incorrectly reported in the media with the titles ''Paisal'' and ''Faisal''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2015 |title=Prabhu Solomon's Hero and Heroine together Again |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/kayal-anandhi-and-chandran-in-prabhu-solomon-production-faisal-tamil-news-134248.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011051306/https://www.indiaglitz.com/kayal-anandhi-and-chandran-in-prabhu-solomon-production-faisal-tamil-news-134248.html |archive-date=11 October 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Prabhu Solomon To Work With Kayal Hero Again |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Prabhu-Solomon-To-Work-With-Kayal-Hero-Again/2015/03/03/article2694776.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710101316/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Prabhu-Solomon-To-Work-With-Kayal-Hero-Again/2015/03/03/article2694776.ece |archive-date=10 July 2015 |access-date=28 June 2015 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Debutant Kishore Ravichandran also portrayed a supporting role in the film at the insistence of the director and embarked on a six-month acting training programme for the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2017 |title=Prabhu Solomon heaps praises on Kishore Ravichandran |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/220717/prabhu-solomon-heaps-praises-on-kishore-ravichandran.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011051311/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/220717/prabhu-solomon-heaps-praises-on-kishore-ravichandran.html |archive-date=11 October 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023}}</ref> [[Chinni Jayanth]] was selected to portray another supporting role, in a serious character, after earlier making his comeback from a hiatus with Solomon's ''[[Thodari]]'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seriously funny |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jul/11/seriously-funny-1627409.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011051306/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jul/11/seriously-funny-1627409.html |archive-date=11 October 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023}}</ref> The film progressed slowly through production and underwent a change of name to ''Rubaai'' during mid 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 April 2016 |title=Sivakarthikeyan's Remo will wrap with the shooting process in July |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/sivakarthikeyans-remo-will-wrap-with-the-shooting-process-in-july.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609052725/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/sivakarthikeyans-remo-will-wrap-with-the-shooting-process-in-july.html |archive-date=9 June 2016 |access-date=18 June 2016}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Rubaai
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[D. Imman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2017
| recorded = 26 October 2016
| venue =
| studio =
| genre =
| length =
| language = Tamil
| label =
| producer = [[Sony Music India]]
| prev_title = [[Gemini Ganeshanum Suruli Raajanum]]
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = [[Podhuvaga Emmanasu Thangam]]
| next_year = 2017
}}
The film's music was composed by [[D. Imman]] and the album released on 26 October 2016 by Sony Music India, featuring four songs.

{{tracklist
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Asathuthe
| lyrics1 = [[Yugabharathi]]
| extra1 = [[D. Imman]]
| length1 = 4:18
| title2 = Unkooda Pesathaane
| lyrics2 = Yugabharathi
| extra2 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Anthony Daasan]]
| length2 = 4:46
| title3 = Paathukkuren
| lyrics3 = Yugabharathi
| extra3 = D. Sathyaprakash
| length3 = 4:25
| title4 = Dukkum Dukkum
| lyrics4 = Yugabharathi
| extra4 = Anita Venkat
| length4 = 4:13
}}

==Release==
''Rubaai'' was released on 14 July 2017, alongside three other medium budget films, ''[[Pandigai]]'', ''[[Gemini Ganeshanum Suruli Raajanum]]'' and ''[[Thiri]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I don't want to encourage profanity and sexism in films: Chandran |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jul/13/i-dont-want-to-encourage-profanity-and-sexism-in-films-chandran-1627852.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011204455/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jul/13/i-dont-want-to-encourage-profanity-and-sexism-in-films-chandran-1627852.html |archive-date=11 October 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023}}</ref> A critic from the [[Times of India]] wrote "Rubaai has an interesting plot, with a few engaging scenes but the interchanging romantic and thrilling scenes do not work always". The reviewer added that "Anbazhagan has managed to link elements like friendship, deceit, love and greediness and entertain to a good extent" and that "Harish Uthaman as the cruel baddie and Chinni Jayanth, in a different avatar as a doting dad, score above others in the movie", while "though the songs are decent enough and hummable, they mar the narration at times".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rubaai Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Rubaai by Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/rubaai/movie-review/59605330.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The [[Deccan Chronicle]] wrote the film was "well intended but not without flaws", while The New Indian Express noted the film was not "paisa vasool".<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2017 |title=Rubaai movie review: Well intended but not without flaws |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/150717/rubaai-movie-review-well-intended-but-not-without-flaws.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011204559/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/150717/rubaai-movie-review-well-intended-but-not-without-flaws.html |archive-date=11 October 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Rubaai' movie review: Not paisa vasool |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/jul/15/rubaai-movie-review-not-paisa-vasool-1628826.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011051311/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/jul/15/rubaai-movie-review-not-paisa-vasool-1628826.html |archive-date=11 October 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Prabhu Solomon}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by D. Imman]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2017 action drama films]]

Indian Predator: The Diary of a Serial Killer

2026-03-01T16:54:35Z

Proctocure: Starting first data initial version

{{Short description|2022 Netflix Indian docuseries}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| genre = [[True crime]] [[docuseries]]
| based_on =
| director = Dheeraj Jindal
| writer = Sudeep Nigam
| creative_director = Moumita Sen
| executive_producer = Chandni Ahlawat Dabas
| starring =
| theme_music_composer =
| music = Ishaan Chabbra
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 3
| producer = [[India Today]]
| cinematography = Pratham Mehta
| editor = Sourabh Prabhudesai
| runtime = 37 – 44 minutes
| company = [[India Today]]
| network = [[Netflix]]
| released = {{Start date|df=y|2022|09|07}}
}}

'''''Indian Predator: The Diary of a Serial Killer''''' is an Indian Netflix true crime docuseries which premiered on 7 September 2022. Produced by [[India Today Group]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |title='Indian Predator: The Diary of a Serial Killer' review – More keen on gore than insight |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1032117/indian-predator-the-diary-of-a-serial-killer-review-more-keen-on-gore-than-insight |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=Scroll.in |date=7 September 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> and directed by Dheeraj Jindal.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2022 |first=Tushar |last=Joshi |title=Indian Predator The Diary of a Serial Killer is like nothing you've seen before {{!}} Review |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/reviews/story/indian-predator-the-diary-of-a-serial-killer-is-like-nothing-you-ve-seen-before-review-1997481-2022-09-07 |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> It is the second installment of ''Indian Predator'' series.

== Premise ==
This docuseries is inspired by the notorious case of Raja Kolander, who is thought to be a cannibal and is responsible for the deaths of more than 15 people in eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=":0" /> It consists of three episodes, and its timeline begins in the year 2000, when Dhirendra Singh, a journalist based in [[Allahabad]], vanished without a trace. But later his decapitated and mutilated body was found in the neighbouring state of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The chilling real story of Indian Predator Raja Kolander, from Netflix's Diary of a Serial Killer |url=https://www.dailyo.in/entertainment/indian-predator-diary-of-a-serial-killer-netflix-real-story-raja-kolander-37228 |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=www.dailyo.in |language=en}}</ref>

== Episodes ==

* ''Episode 1: The Murderer''
* ''Episode 2: The Cannibal''
* ''Episode 3: The King''

== Reception ==
Writing for ''[[The Indian Express]]'', Rohan Naahar in his review suggest that "The Diary of a Serial Killer has one key ingredient that separates it from its predecessor: an on-camera interview with the serial killer himself."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-07 |title=Indian Predator The Diary of a Serial Killer review: New Netflix true crime series is a great improvement over The Butcher of Delhi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/indian-predator-the-diary-of-a-serial-killer-review-netflix-true-crime-series-better-than-butcher-of-delhi-8136601/ |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

''[[The Hindu]]'''s Bhuvanesh Chandar, a senior sub-editor of the paper in his review suggests " (the docuseries) ... is a chilling exploration into the darkest of corners of the human mind. There is a strong narrative structure in place — there is a reason why the series begins and ends with Dheerendra’s murder in particular— and it also resists employing cheap gimmicks to elevate drama or fear."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandar |first=Bhuvanesh |date=2022-09-08 |title='Indian Predator: The Diary of a Serial Killer' review: A chilling, gory exploration into a killer's mind |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/indian-predator-the-diary-of-a-serial-killer-review-a-chilling-gory-exploration-into-a-killers-mind/article65863003.ece |access-date=2022-09-12 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== See also ==
* ''[[Indian Predator: The Butcher of Delhi]]'', ''[[Indian Predator: Murder in a Courtroom]]'', part of the same television franchise

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{authority control}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|21811888|description=}}

[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Netflix original documentary television series]]
[[Category:True crime television series]]
[[Category:Indian documentary television series]]
[[Category:Television series about real serial killers]]
[[Category:Indian crime television series]]

{{India-tv-prog-stub}}
{{documentary-tv-prog-stub}}

Sukumara Kurup

2026-02-26T13:56:32Z

Proctocure:

{{Short description|Indian fugitive}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name = Sukumara Kurup
| image = Sukumara Kurup before 1984.png
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name = P K Gopalakrishna Kurup<ref name="folklore">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/the-37-year-old-murder-case-that-shocked-kerala-7139884/|title=Finding Sukumara Kurup: Recreating a 37-year-old murder case that has become folklore in Kerala|date=2021-01-10|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2021-04-01}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1946|05|25|df=y}}<ref name="IT01">{{cite news |last1=Jose |first1=Bijin |title=Kerala: Arrest warrant against man who faked death 33 years ago |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-sukumara-kurup-arrest-warrant-fake-death-964066-2017-03-05#:~:text=Sukumara%20Kurup%2C%20who%20has%20become,tenterhooks%20for%20over%20thirty%20years. |access-date=19 March 2021 |publisher=[[India Today]] |date=5 March 2017}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Cheriyanad]],<ref name="folklore" /> [[Chengannur]], [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]], Kerala, India
| spouse = Sarasamma<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/sukumara-kurup-kerala-most-wanted-murder-film#read-more|title=30 Years & Still on the Run: The Mystery of Kerala's Most Wanted|date=2017-06-19|website=Interpol|language=en-IN|access-date=2021-04-01}}</ref>
| criminal_charge = Murder, [[Insurance fraud]]
| wanted_by = {{Unbulleted list|[[Kerala Police|Kerala State Police Department]]|[[Interpol]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.interpol.int/en/How-we-work/Notices/View-Red-Notices#2020-36154|title=Interpol-Red Notice-Sukumara Kurup|date=2021-12-23|website=Interpol|language=en-IN|access-date=2021-12-23}}</ref> }}
| wanted_since = 1984
}}

'''Sukumara Kurup''' (alias '''Sukumara Pillai''') (born as '''P K Gopalakrishna Kurup''') is an Indian [[fugitive]] and is one of the most-wanted criminals in the Indian state of [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/35-yrs-after-faking-own-death-kerala-man-still-elusive-5558582/|title=35 yrs after 'faking' own death, Kerala man still elusive|date=2019-01-29|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-08-29}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/the-37-year-old-murder-case-that-shocked-kerala-7139884/|title = Finding Sukumara Kurup: Recreating a 37-year-old murder case that has become folklore in Kerala|date = 7 November 2021}}</ref> On 21 January 1984, he, along with his brother-in-law Bhaskara Pillai, his driver Ponnappan and his aide Shahu, murdered a man named Chacko in an attempt to fake Kurup's own death and thereby claim a life insurance amount of INR 800,000 (approximately USD 80,000 in 1984, which is equivalent to Rs. 72 lakhs in 2026). The subterfuge was soon exposed by the police, who arrested Bhaskara Pillai, Ponnappan and Shahu. However, Kurup absconded from the state in the meantime.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2021-11-12|title=The tale of a macabre murder in Kerala: How Sukumara Kurup killed Chacko|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tale-macabre-murder-kerala-how-sukumara-kurup-killed-chacko-157545|access-date=2021-11-27|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref> Notorious for being India's longest wanted fugitive, Kurup has been missing since 1984.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Jose|first1=Bijin|date=March 5, 2017|title=Kerala: Arrest warrant against man who faked death 33 years ago|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-sukumara-kurup-arrest-warrant-fake-death-964066-2017-03-05|access-date=2019-08-29|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref name="folklore" /><ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/01/21/forty-years-since-chacko-murder-notorious-sukumara-kurup-went-missing.html|title=40 years on the lam: Chacko's wife, son still grieving as Sukumara Kurup enjoys cult status|publisher=Onmanorama}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Sukumara Kurup (born as P. K. Gopalakrishna Kurup) was born to Keralite parents, Puthenveettil Shivarama Pillai and his wife, Kurup born near [[Cheriyanad]], [[Travancore]] (present-day [[Alappuzha district]], Kerala).<ref name=":1" /> After completing his studies, he joined the [[Indian Air Force]] as an airman, where he was referred to as Gopalkrishna Pillai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FC |first=Team |date=2021-11-09 |title=Who Is Dulquer Salmaan’s ‘Kurup’ Based On? The Fugitive Who Staged His Own Death |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/kurup-movie-dulquer-salmaan-kurup-based-on-the-fugitive-who-staged-his-own-death-pinneyum-moh-maya-money |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref> Later, he left the IAF and moved to the [[Middle East]], becoming an executive with a marine petroleum company in [[Abu Dhabi]], where he is known as Sukumara Kurup.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />

== Murder of Chacko ==
Chacko was forcefully [[Alcohol intoxication|intoxicated]], poisoned and strangled to death and later the body was burnt inside an [[Hindustan Ambassador|Ambassador]] car at night near Tannimukkam Puncha in [[Mavelikara]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/offbeat/people-flock-to-chacko-padam-as-kurup-makes-headlines-chacko-murder-case-kerala-crome-wanted-criminal-kurup-1.6177464|title=People flock to 'Chacko padam' as 'Kurup' makes headlines}}</ref> Sukumara Kurup allegedly committed the crime to fake his own death and claim an insurance amount of {{INR|800,000}}, by killing Chacko, who bore a striking resemblance to him. It is assumed that Kurup fled the country after the incident, while two of his three accomplices, driver Ponnappan and brother-in-law Bhaskara Pillai, were sentenced to a life-term imprisonment.<ref>{{citation| url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/112678/fugitive-fails-turn-up-sons.html| title=Fugitive fails to turn up at son's wedding| date=Nov 13, 2010| author=R Gopakumar| access-date=May 27, 2012}}</ref> His other accomplice, Chinnakkal Shahu, was arrested, but was later made an approver and released. He is the only living eye-witness of the murder of Chacko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=If not Chacko, Sukumara Kurup would have killed me, recollects his accomplice|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/offbeat/if-not-chacko-sukumara-kurup-would-have-killed-me-recollects-his-accomplice-chacko-murder-case-sukumara-kurup-1.6171177|access-date=2021-11-27|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en}}</ref> According to the police, Sukumara Kurup is still on the list of absconding accused since January 1984.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140119/news-current-affairs/article/30-years-%E2%80%98chacko-murder%E2%80%99-still-alive-files|title=30 years on, 'Chacko murder' still alive in files|last=bose|first=abhish k|date=2014-01-19|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-08-29}}</ref>
The Chacko murder case is one of the longest-standing cases in the judicial history of Kerala. In 2018, Chacko's wife, Santhamma, told Bhaskaran that she forgives him and the others (including Kurup) when they met near the St Thomas Malankara Syrian Catholic Church at Chengannur.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/kerala/top-news/2018/07/01/chacko-wife-forgives-sukumara-kurup-murdered-husband.html|title='Don't know if Sukumara Kurup is alive or dead, but we forgive them'|publisher=Onmanorama}}</ref>

The Chacko murder case is one case that caught the media's attention during the mid-2000s, when there were reports on Sukumara Kurup lookalikes from various parts of India. Since Kurup's remains still remain untraced, it's unclear as to whether he's dead or alive. Victims of his crime believe he could be alive and well in a foreign country based on what the investigating officer wrote while closing the case after 12 years of search (1984 to 1996): Kurup had fled from the country with the 72 hours head start he got and with possible help from political allies because after the murder came to light, he was able to narrowly escape multiple times from the police.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/06/stories/2006050616080100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320113607/http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/06/stories/2006050616080100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 20, 2007 |title=Hunt for Sukumara Kurup hots up |access-date=September 26, 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=May 6, 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/police-had-nabbed-kurup-once-but-was-released-in-4-hrs-as-they-failed-to-identify-him-former-dgp-sukumara-kurup-chacko-murder-case-alexander-jacob-1.6177337|title = Police had nabbed Kurup once but was released in 4 HRS as they failed to identify him: Former DGP}}</ref>

However, it is believed by police that Kurup was found multiple times in India under the alias Joshi, and may have already died due to severe cardiac issues. Doctors that had attended him made the prognosis in 1990 that his condition was so bad that after fleeing, he could not have survived for long.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/specials/2021/04/23/sukumara-kurup-how-a-single-man-greed-destroyed-many-families.html|title=Sukumara Kurup: How a single man's greed destroyed many families|website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] }}</ref>

== In popular culture ==

In 1984, the Malayalam film ''[[NH 47 (film)|NH 47]]'', directed by [[Baby (director)|Baby]], drew inspiration from the Chacko murder case. [[Sukumaran]] portrayed the victim under the name Rahim, while [[T. G. Ravi]] took on the role of the killer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1602|title=NH 47|access-date=2015-11-01|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?2154 |title=NH 47 |access-date=2015-11-01 |publisher=malayalasangeetham.info |language=Malayalam}}</ref>

In 2016, director [[Adoor Gopalakrishnan]] presented another fictional narrative, ''[[Pinneyum]]'' featuring [[Dileep]] and [[Kavya Madhavan]], loosely based on the original incident.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/why-adoor-gopalakrishnans-pinneyum-is-just-half-feminism/articleshow/53891007.cms?from=mdr|title=Why Adoor Gopalakrishnan's 'Pinneyum' is just half feminism|last=Harikrishnan|first=Charmy|date=2016-08-28|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-08-31}}</ref>

In 2021, Srinath Rajendran directed a crime thriller biopic, ''[[Kurup (film)|Kurup]]'', revolving around Sukumara Kurup. This fictional film stars [[Dulquer Salmaan]] as Sudhakara Kurup, [[Tovino Thomas]] as the victim (Charlie), and is told from the perspective of investigative officer S.P. Krishnadas I.P.S, a character inspired by the real investigator S.P. Haridas I.P.S played by [[Indrajith Sukumaran]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/movies-dulquer-salman-features-the-film-kurup-pooja-held-ar-154497.html|title=സുകുമാര 'കുറുപ്പ്' വീണ്ടും; ദുൽഖർ ചിത്രത്തിന് തുടക്കമായി|date=2019-09-01|website=News18 Malayalam|access-date=2019-09-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-18|title=Catch me if you can: Sukumara Kurup, Kerala's most wanted murderer on the run for over 30 years|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/catch-me-if-you-can-sukumara-kurup-kerala-s-most-wanted-murderer-run-over-30-years-63841|access-date=2021-03-21|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Image 30-12-2025 at 11.12.jpg|thumb]]
In 2025, and following further investigations into relatives, sources have found images of someone related to Sukumara Kurup. Further details will emerge as investigations continue but this is believed to be a huge breakthrough in the case of searching for Sukumara Kurup.

== See also ==
*[[List of fugitives from justice who disappeared]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kurup, Sukumara}}
[[Category:Crime in Kerala]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted by India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian murderers]]
[[Category:Possibly living people]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:People who faked their own death]]

Karna II

2026-02-24T20:17:15Z

Proctocure:

{{Short description|King of Gujarat from 1296 to 1304}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Karna
| title = Maharajadhiraja
| succession = King of Gujarat
| reign = c. 1296 – c. 1304
| predecessor = [[Sarangadeva (Vaghela king)|Sarangadeva]]
| successor = Position abolished ([[Alauddin Khalji]] as the Sultan of the [[Delhi Sultanate]])
| spouse = Kamala Devi
| issue = [[Devala Devi]]
| dynasty = [[Vaghela dynasty|Vaghela]]
| father = Rama
}}
'''Karna II''' ([[IAST]]: Karṇa, r. c. 1296 – c. 1304) was the last ruler of the Kingdom of Gujarat in India. Little is known about his life except [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat|his defeat]] against [[Alauddin Khalji]] of the [[Delhi Sultanate]]. Alauddin's forces ransacked his kingdom in 1299, forcing him to flee Gujarat. Karna seems to have gained control of at least some part of his territory in the subsequent years. However, a second invasion in 1304 resulted in the end of the Vaghela dynasty.

== Names ==

Variations of his name include Karnadeva (in Vaghela inscriptions), Rai Karan, and Karan Dev (in vernacular literature). He is also known as Karna II to distinguish him from the [[Chaulukya]] king [[Karna (Chaulukya dynasty)|Karna]]. The 15th century epic poem ''[[Kanhadade Prabandha]]'' calls him "Rao Karnade".{{sfn|Aditya Behl|2012|p=190}} The 16th century Portuguese historian [[João de Barros]] calls him "Galacarna".{{sfn|Kuzhippalli Skaria Mathew|1986|p=98}}

== Early life ==

Karna was a son of the Vaghela king Rama.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=186}} Karna succeeded his uncle Saragadeva (the brother of Rama) on the throne. Sarangadeva's kingdom included the present-day Gujarat, and also extended up to [[Mount Abu|Abu]] in present-day Rajasthan. Karna appears to have inherited this entire territory.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=186}} Aside from his defeat against Alauddin Khalji, very little is known about his reign.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=187}}

== Defeat against Alauddin Khalji ==

{{main|Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat}}

=== First Khalji invasion ===
According to medieval chronicles (such as [[Merutunga]]'s ''Vichara-shreni'' and [[Padmanābha]]'s ''[[Kanhadade Prabandha]]''), Karna had abducted the wife of his minister Madhava and killed Madhava's brother. In revenge, Madhava instigated the [[Delhi Sultanate]] ruler [[Alauddin Khalji]] to invade his kingdom.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=192-193}}{{sfn|Aditya Behl|2012|p=190}} In 1299, Alauddin invaded Gujarat, which was one of the wealthiest regions of India.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=82}}

The invasion appears to have been a surprise for Karna, as Alauddin's army captured Gujarat easily in a very short time. This suggests that either Karna was unpopular among his subjects, or he had an ineffective military and administrative setup.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=335}} The Jain chronicler Jinaprabha Suri states that Ulugh Khan's forces defeated Karna's army at Ashapalli (present-day Ahmedabad).{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=188}} According to the 14th century writer [[Abdul Malik Isami|Isami]], Karna weighed his options: putting up a fight against the invaders or retiring into a fortress. His ministers advised him to leave the country and return after the departure of the invaders, given his lack of war preparation.{{sfn|Z. A. Desai|1975|p=13}} Historian A. K. Majumdar interprets Isami's writings to mean that Karna took shelter in a fort,{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=188}} but epigraphist [[Z. A. Desai]] notes that no such conclusion can be drawn from Isami's writings.{{sfn|Z. A. Desai|1975|p=13}}

Ultimately, Karna fled to [[Devagiri]], the capital of the neighbouring [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Yadava]] kingdom. A section of the Delhi army pursued him.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=84}} The 14th century chronicler Isami states that he was refused asylum by the Yadavas, and had to seek shelter from the [[Kakatiya]] ruler [[Rudradeva]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=190}} Meanwhile, the Delhi army plundered the wealthy cities of Gujarat, including the capital [[Anahilavada]] (modern Patan), [[Khambhat]], [[Surat]] and [[Somnath]].{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|pp=84-86}}

=== Return to the throne ===

Subsequently, Karna seems to have recaptured at least some part of Gujarat, although is not known when exactly he returned to the throne. An [[Arabic language|Arabic]] [[epitaph]] from [[Khambat]], dated 8 April 1299, names the deceased Shihab-ud-Din as the former governor (''[[Hakim (title)|hakim]]'') of Kambaya, that is, Khambhat. It is not clear whose subordinate Shihab-ud-Din was, but if he was a Muslim governor appointed by the invaders, it is possible that Khambhat was under Khalji control at this time.{{sfn|Z. A. Desai|1975|p=16}}

An inscription found at the Sampla village in Gujarat attests that Karna was ruling at Patan on 4 August 1304.{{sfn|H. G. Shastri|1989|p=122-123}} The Jain author Merutunga also states that he ruled up to 1304 CE.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=189}} The 14th century Muslim chronicler Isami also suggests that Karna managed to regain his power. According to Isami, Alauddin had handed over the administration of the newly-captured [[Chittor Fort]] to Malik Shahin in 1303. But sometime later, Malik Shahin fled the fort because he was afraid of Karna, who ruled the neighbouring territory.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=371}}

During the invading army's return journey to Delhi, its Mongol soldiers had rebelled against their commanders over their share of the loot from Gujarat. Some of these rebel Mongols appear to have sought asylum from Karna: his 1304 inscription indicates that the Mongol officers Balchaq and Shadi held high positions under in his administration.{{sfn|Z. A. Desai|1975|p=16}}

=== Second Khalji invasion ===

Karna lost his throne permanently after a second invasion from Delhi in 1304. According to [[Amir Khusrau]]'s poem ''Ashiqa'', the invasion resulted from a request by Karna's former wife Kamala Devi, who had been captured by Alauddin's forces during the first invasion. Eight years after being inducted into Alauddin's [[harem]], Kamala Devi requested Alauddin to get her daughter [[Devala Devi]] from Gujarat. Although Karna agreed to the demand, Alauddin ordered his army to invade Gujarat for a second time. ''Ashiqa'' is not historically reliable, but some of the later medieval writers present its narrative as history. Other medieval chroniclers give different accounts of this incident, some of them omitting the bit about Kamala Devi's request.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=190-194}} According to the 16th century chronicler [[Firishta]], Karna escaped to the [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Yadava]] kingdom, where [[Ramachandra of Devagiri]] gave him the principality of [[Baglana]]. Karna was defeated during [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Devagiri]], and his daughter Devala was captured and taken to Delhi.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=191}} According to one account, he fled towards Devagiri, but was denied asylum there, and ultimately sought shelter from the [[Kakatiya]]s in [[Warangal]].{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=400}}

The Jain writer Kakka Suri, in his ''[[Nabhi-nandana-jinoddhara-prabandha]]'' (1336), describes the end of Karna as follows: "On account of his [Alauddin's] prowess, Karṇa, the ruler of [[Gurjaradesa|Gurjaratrā]], fled away in all haste and having wandered about in many kingdoms died the death of a pauper."{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1956|p=96}} No concrete information is available about Karna's death or his descendants. A 1498 CE inscription shows that a family of the Vaghela clan was ruling at a place called Dandahi, as subordinates of the Muslim ruler [[Mahmud Begada]]. The rulers of the [[Rewa State]] also claimed descent from the Vaghelas through one Bhimadeva.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=197}}

== Inscriptions ==
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}
</mapframe>
Karna's inscriptions have been found at [[Mangrol, Gujarat|Mangrol]], Desan near [[Bhiloda]], and Sampla near [[Jambusar]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=504}}{{sfn|H. G. Shastri|1989|p=122-123}}

=== 1297 Desan inscription ===

A 1297 CE inscription, which records the construction of a [[Surya]] (the Sun God) temple during Karna's reign, was found on the wall of a temple in the Bhavnath or Desan village near [[Bhiloda]]. In 1910, it was published in ''[[Buddhiprakash]]'' under the name "Muralidhar Temple Inscription".{{sfn|D. C. Sircar|G. Bhattacharya|1987|p=155}} The inscription is dated 27 October 1297 CE ([[Vikrama Samvat]] 1354 expired).{{sfn|D. C. Sircar|G. Bhattacharya|1987|p=157}}

The inscription features a 33-stanza ''[[prashasti]]'' (eulogy) composed by the poet Sangrama: from a literary perspective, it is composed rather poorly, and suffers from grammatical mistakes, out-of-place expressions, and repetition.{{sfn|D. C. Sircar|G. Bhattacharya|1987|p=155}} The inscription was engraved by Nayaka, a son of Sutra-Petha.{{sfn|D. C. Sircar|G. Bhattacharya|1987|pp=157-158}}

The poet pays obeisance to [[Ganesha]] and the Sun God at the beginning of the ''prashasti'', and then introduces the Vaghela family.{{sfn|D. C. Sircar|G. Bhattacharya|1987|p=155}} The family is mentioned by the name ''Dhavalauka'' (literally, "of Dhavala", that is, of the original Vaghela capital [[Dholka]]). It is said to have been devoted to the gods [[Vishnu]] and Shankara ([[Shiva]]).{{sfn|D. C. Sircar|G. Bhattacharya|1987|p=156}}

First, the poet mentions Karna's ancestor Anaka (Arnoraja), who is described as a scion of the [[Chaulukya]] family and the ruler of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]]. Next, the poet mentions Anaka's son Lavanaprasada, his son Viradhavala, and his son Pratapamalla. No royal titles are assigned to Karna's great-grandfather Pratapamalla, who did not ascend the throne.{{sfn|D. C. Sircar|G. Bhattacharya|1987|p=155}} The inscription credits Pratapamalla's younger brother, king Vishvala (Visaladeva), with destroying the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]] king and destroying his capital [[Dhara (city)|Dhara]]. It states that Vishvala appointed Pratapamalla's son Arjuna on the throne before he died. Arjuna's son and Karna's father Rama is described as the next imperial ruler (''nripa-[[chakravartin]]''), and Rama's brother Saranga-deva is credited with defeating Goga, presumably the Paramara minister [[Mahalakadeva#Political status|Goga]], who had become the ''de facto'' ruler of the Paramara kingdom. Finally, the inscription describes the reigning king Karna.{{sfn|D. C. Sircar|G. Bhattacharya|1987|p=156}}

The actual hero of the eulogy, however, is Vaijalla-deva, the maternal uncle of the poet Sangrama. The eulogy traces his paternal ancestry to Mahadeva, a [[Shaivite]] who belonged to the [[Shandilya]] [[gotra]]. Mahadeva's grandson and Vaijalla's father Munjala-deva is said to have died in a fight with cattle-thieves, while protecting men and cows. The poet traces Vaijalla's maternal ancestry to Rajiga of the [[Kashyapa]] gotra. Rajiga's grand-daughter Nala-devi (also called Anala-devi) was the mother of Vaijalla. According to the eulogy, Vaijalla-deva was a devotee of Shiva and his consort [[Parvati|Shakti]], as well as of Vairochana (that is, son of Virochana or the Sun God; the poet probably intended to mention the Sun God himself). Vaijalla is said to have man donations of cows, land, gold, and other objects. Further, he is credited with constructing the temple of Munjala-svami-deva (literally, "lord of Munjala", a name for the Sun God) in the memory of his parents Munjala and Nala. The temple is said to have been situated beside the Bhrigu-kunda tank: it is not clear if it is same as the temple on whose wall the inscription was found.{{sfn|D. C. Sircar|G. Bhattacharya|1987|p=157}}

The inscription describes Sangrama as a poet-warrior, and states that he was the son of Vaijalla's sister Hridevi.{{sfn|D. C. Sircar|G. Bhattacharya|1987|p=156}}

=== 1304 Sampla inscription ===

A bilingual [[Persian language|Persian]]-[[Sanskrit]] inscription from Karna's reign was found on a marble slab in 1981, during digging operations at the Sampla village in Gujarat. Such slabs are usually part of a [[headstone]], but no other fragments or monuments were discovered in its vicinity.{{sfn|Z. A. Desai|1975|pp=17-18}} The inscription, issued on 4 August 1304, records the donation of a village to the Jami mosque of [[Khambhat]] (not to be confused with the [[Jami Masjid, Khambhat|present-day structure]]) by Karna's Muslim officers, with the king's permission.{{sfn|Z. A. Desai|1975|pp=18-20}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ 1304 Sampla inscription of Karna {{small|reconstructed portions in square brackets}}{{sfn|Z. A. Desai|1975|pp=18-20}}
|-
!
! Persian portion
! Sanskrit portion
|-
! Script
| [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]]
| [[Nagari script|Nagari]]
|-
! Date
| 1 [[Muharram]] 704 [[Hijri era|AH]]
| [2] [[Bhadrapada]] 1360 [[Vikrama Samvat|Samvat]]
|-
! King
| ''Rai'' Karn Dev
| ''[[Maharajadhiraja]]'' Ka[rna-deva]
|-
! Donors
| ''Maliku'l-Akabir'' ("''Prince among the Great''") Balchaq,{{br}} ''Maliku'l-Umara'' ("''Prince of the nobles''") Shadi,{{br}} ''Taju'd-Din'' ("''Crown of the Religion''") Hasan
| ''[Ma]lik [[Shri]]'' Baḍchak,{{br}} ''Malik Shri'' [Shadi],{{br}} ''Shri'' Hasaṇa
|-
! Donee
| Jami mosque of Kambaya
| [Ja]mi mosque of Stam[bhatirtha]
|-
! Donation
| Samba village in the Kanam region (present-day [[Bharuch district|Bharuch]]-[[Vadodara district|Vadodara]] area)
| Sampa village in Kanam
|}

Shadi and Balchaq appear to have been Mongol officers who rebelled against the Khalji commander, and sought service under Karna. Balchaq is apparently same as the officer who is called "Baljaq", "Yalchaq", and "Yalhaq" in various manuscripts of Isami's ''Futuh-us-Salatin'':{{sfn|Z. A. Desai|1975|p=20}} Isami names him among the Mongol rebels who joined Karna.{{sfn|Z. A. Desai|1975|p=16}} [[Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi]], a 15th century chronicler, mentions Shadi Bugha among the Mongol chiefs of the Khalji army: the Shadi mentioned in Karna's inscription is probably same as this chief.{{sfn|Z. A. Desai|1975|p=16}} The inscription describes Hasan as a son of ''Vaziru'l-Vuzara'' ("Minister of Ministers", that is, Chief Minister) Najmu'd-Dunya wa'd-Din; it is possible that was a rich merchant-plutocrat of Khambhat.{{sfn|Z. A. Desai|1975|pp=19-20}}

== In popular culture ==

Karna is mentioned in several medieval Muslim chronicles that describe Alauddin's conquest of Gujarat. The event is also described in several Hindu and Jain chronicles, including [[Merutunga]]'s ''[[Prabandha-Chintamani]]'' (1305), ''Dharmaranya'' (c. 1300-1450), Jinaprabha Suri's ''Tirthakalpataru'' (14th century), and [[Padmanābha]]'s ''[[Kanhadade Prabandha]]'' (1455).{{sfn|Nandshankar Mehta|Tulsi Vatsal|2016|p=6}}

Karna (as "Karan") is the central character in the 1866 novel ''[[Karan Ghelo]]''. Written by [[Nandshankar Mehta]], the book was the first original modern [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] novel. In ''Karan Ghelo'', Karan abducts Roopsundari, the wife of his prime minister Madhav, a [[Nagar Brahmin]]. Madhav's brother dies trying to protect Roopsundari. Madhav then decides to take revenge, and persuades Alauddin Khalji to invade Gujarat. In the following war, Karan loses his kingdom and his wife Kaularani to Alauddin. Some years later, he also loses his daughter [[Deval Devi|Devaldevi]], thus gaining the epithet ''ghelo'' ("foolish").{{sfn|Nandshankar Mehta|Tulsi Vatsal|2016|p=6}} The story was also adapted as the silent film, ''Karan Ghelo'' (1924) by [[S. N. Patankar]].<ref name="Nair 2015">{{cite web | last=Nair | first=Roshni | title=Book Review: 'Karan Ghelo'– Gujarat's 'Game of Thrones' | website=dna | date=21 June 2015 | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-book-review-karan-ghelo-gujarat-s-game-of-thrones-2097459 | access-date=3 June 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Aditya Behl |title=Love's Subtle Magic: An Indian Islamic Literary Tradition, 1379–1545 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PK7riKO6IN8C&pg=PA177 |year=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-514670-7 }}
* {{cite book |author=Asoke Kumar Majumdar |title=Chaulukyas of Gujarat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffAdAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |year=1956 |oclc=4413150 }}
* {{cite book |author=Banarsi Prasad Saksena |author-link=Banarsi Prasad Saksena |chapter=The Khaljis: Alauddin Khalji |editor=Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami |title=A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526) |volume=5 |edition=Second |year=1992 |publisher=The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9cmAQAAMAAJ |oclc=31870180 }}
* {{cite book |author1=D. C. Sircar |author2=G. Bhattacharya |chapter=Note on inscription of the time of Chaulukya Karna |title=Epigraphia Indica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nm1DAAAAYAAJ |year=1987 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India }}
* {{cite journal |author=Dasharatha Sharma |title=New Light on Alauddin Khalji's Achievements |journal=The Indian Historical Quarterly |volume=32 |issue=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7RrVAAAAMAAJ |year=1956 |publisher=Ramanand Vidya Bhawan }}
* {{cite book|author1=H. G. Shastri |title=A historical and cultural study of the inscriptions of Gujarat: from earliest times to the end of the Caulukya period (circa 1300 A.D.) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-dFHAAAAMAAJ |year=1989 |publisher=B.J. Institute of Learning & Research |oclc=916953474 }}
* {{cite book |author=Kishori Saran Lal |author-link=K. S. Lal |title=History of the Khaljis (1290-1320) |year=1950 |publisher=The Indian Press |location=Allahabad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XXqAQAACAAJ |oclc=685167335 }}
* {{cite book |author=Kuzhippalli Skaria Mathew |title=Portuguese and the Sultanate of Gujarat, 1500-1573 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1dRmvGS5MYcC&pg=PA98 |year=1986 |publisher=Mittal |page=98 |oclc=14717740 }}
* {{cite book |author1=Nandshankar Mehta |author2=Tulsi Vatsal |title=Karan Ghelo: Gujarat's Last Rajput King |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vydCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT6 |year=2016 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-93-5214-011-4 }}
* {{cite book |author=Z. A. Desai |author-link=Z. A. Desai |chapter=A Persian-Sanskrit inscription of Karna Deva Vaghela of Gujarat |title=Epigraphia Indica: Arabic and Persian supplement |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vFtmAAAAMAAJ |year=1975 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India }}
{{refend}}

[[Category:13th-century Indian monarchs]]

Taliparamba

2026-02-20T03:02:21Z

Proctocure: updated details

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Taliparamba
| official_name =
| other_name = Perinchelloor, Lakshmipuram
| settlement_type = [[Municipality]]
| image_skyline = Small-boat-in-cheriyoor-river.jpg
| image_caption = Kuppam River
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala
| coordinates = {{coord|12.0368|N|75.3601|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
| established_title = Municipality Established
| established_date = 1990
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Council]]
| governing_body =
| leader_title = Municipal Chairman
| leader_name = P K Subair<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uniindia.com/news/south/kerala-mayoral-elections-kannur/3686559.html |title=Newly elected leaders of Municipalities in Kannur district 2025}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = Revenue Divisional Officer
| leader_name1 = Renjith TV
| leader_title2 = [[Deputy Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name2 = MP Vinod <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kannurrural.keralapolice.gov.in/page/law-and-order-kannur-rural |title=Law and Order - Kannur Rural |website=keralapolice.gov.in}}</ref>
| leader_title3 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| leader_name3 = [[M. V. Govindan]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 18.96
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elevationmap.net/|title=Taliparamba, Kannur, India on the Elevation Map. Topographic Map of Taliparamba, Kannur, India.|website=elevationmap.net|accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>
| elevation_m = 49
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 44,247
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam]], English
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 670141
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0460
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL-59]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kannur]] (22 km)
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = 1187 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Literacy]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = 96%
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[List of talukas of Kerala|Taluk]]
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Taliparamba taluk|Taliparamba]]
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Assembly constituency]]
| blank5_info_sec1 = [[Taliparamba Assembly constituency|Taliparamba]]
| blank6_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank6_info_sec1 = [[Kannur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kannur]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Tropical rainforest climate|Tropical rainforest]] {{small|([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]:''Af'')<ref name="Peel">{{cite journal |author1=Peel, M. C. |author2= Finlayson B. L. |author3= McMahon, T. A. |name-list-style=amp | year=2007 | title= Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification | journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. | volume=11 |issue= 5 | pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 | url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html | issn = 1027-5606| doi-access=free | bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P }} ''(direct: [http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf Final Revised Paper])''</ref> }}
| website = {{URL|www.taliparambamunicipality.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

[[File:Manna Junction, Taliparamba (2).png|thumb|Manna Junction]]
[[File:Taliparamba Market.jpg|thumb|Taliparamba Market]]
[[File:Sir Syed College, Taliparamba.jpg|thumb|Sir Syed College, Taliparamba]]
[[File:Kuppm-bridge.jpg|thumb|Kuppam Bridge]]
[[File:Taliparamba 53.jpg|thumb|Syed Nagar Mosque]]
[[File:Kuttiyeri Hanging Bridge area.jpg|thumb|Kuttiyeri Hanging Bridge area]]

'''Taliparamba''' (also known as '''Perinchelloor''' and '''Lakshmipuram''') is a [[Municipalities of Kerala|Municipality]] and [[List of taluks of Kerala|Taluk]] of [[Kannur district]] in Kerala state, India. The municipal town spreads over an area of {{convert|18.96|km2|sqmi}} and is inhabited by 44,247 number of people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The town's name may be derived from "Tali" (plate) and "Parambu" (area or ground), and from the legend of [[Rajarajeshwara Temple]]. According to this legend, the [[Ikshvaku]] King [[Mandhata|Maandhatha]] offered great penance to [[Shiva]] who in return gifted him with a [[Lingam|Shiva Linga]] and instructed him to place it at a site where there had never been a cremation ground. He found a space the size of a plate in Perinchelloor, and hence the name Taliparamba became attached to the area. Lakshmipuram, a previous name for the city, means place of prosperity.

==History==
Taliparamba was one of the traditional establishments in ancient Kerala. It is located in erstwhile [[Kolathunadu]], which was ruled over by the Mushika/Kolathiri/Chirakkal Royal Family. It was also once a part of the [[Mannanar]] dynasty.<ref>{{cite book|last=P.J Rajendran|title=Kshethravinjanakosam|year=2000|publisher= D.C.Books publishing, Google books|page=103|isbn=9788126402540}}</ref> As per tradition, Taliparamba originated as the Perinchalloor Brahmin settlement. Of the 2,000 Brahmin families who settled here, only 45 remain today, In 1955 the Taliparamba [[Panchayati raj|panchayat]] was formed, with Balakrishna Menon as its first president. In 1975 the [[Pattuvam]] region was separated from the panchayat. In 1990 Taliparamba Municipality was formed by merging Anthoor and Taliparamba panchayats and then bifurcated Anthoor region from Taliparamba to create separate Anthoor Municipality in 2015.

==Location==
Taliparamba is located about {{convert|22|km|mi}} north of the district headquarters of [[Kannur]], and about {{convert|486|km|mi}} away from the state capital of [[Thiruvananthapuram]], {{convert|287|km|mi}} north of [[Ernakulam]], {{convert|110|km|mi}} north of [[Kozhikode]], {{convert|132|km|mi}} south of [[Mangalore]] and {{convert|310|km|mi}} south west of [[Bangalore|Bangalore city]].

==Administration==
{{Main|Taliparamba taluk}}
Taliparamba is the headquarters of [[Taliparamba taluk]], one of the five taluks constituting the district and one of the revenue divisions in Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kannur.nic.in/taluks/ |title=Taluks (5) | Kannur District, Government of kerala | India |website=kannur.nic.in |access-date=2020-09-20}}</ref>

===Taliparamba Revenue Division===
Kannur district is divided into two revenue divisions, [[Revenue Divisions of Kerala|Taliparamba Revenue Division]] in the north and Thalassery Revenue Division in the south, respectively. Taliparamba revenue division has jurisdiction over taluks of [[Payyanur]], Taliparamba and [[Kannur district|Kannur]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/taliparamba-now-has-a-full-fledged-rdo/article26444136.ece |title=Taliparamba now has a full fledged RDO |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

[[Taliparamba (State Assembly constituency)|Taliparamba Assembly constituency]] is part of the [[Kannur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kannur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf
|title = Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies
|access-date = 2008-10-18
|work = Kerala
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090304011026/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf
|archive-date = 2009-03-04
}}</ref>

===Taliparamba Municipality===
Taliparamba Municipality is divided into 35 wards covering an area of {{cvt|18.96|km2}}, for which the elections are held every five years. Taliparamba Municipality has a total administration over 8,909 houses, to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorized to build roads within [[municipality]] limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction. The municipal secretary, a government appointee, is the administrative head of the municipality and its chief executive officer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kudumbashree.org/sub-district/881029/20|title=PMAY - Taliparamba Municipality}}</ref>

==Geography==
Taliparamba is located at {{Coord|12.05|N|75.35|E|}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/13/Taliparamba.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Taliparamba, India|website=www.fallingrain.com|accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref> It has an average elevation of {{convert|56|m|ft}} above sea level. The surrounding area (including the villages of [[Pattuvam]], [[Pariyaram]], [[Kuttiyeri]], [[Karimbam, Taliparamba|Karimbam]], and [[Koonam]]) features lush green fields and low rolling hills. The [[Kuppam River|Kuppam]] and [[Valapattanam river|Valapattanam]] rivers surround the town and the [[Arabian Sea]] is only {{convert|14|km|mi}} to the west of the city.

==Education==
{{Main|Schools and Colleges in Taliparamba}}
In the 14th and 15th centuries, during the regime of the [[Kolathiri Rajas]], Taliparamba was renowned in Kerala as a seat of learning, enlightenment, and culture. Today, the most prominent educational institutions include:

===Colleges===
* [[Pariyaram Medical College]]
* [[Government College of Engineering, Kannur]]
* [[National Institute of Fashion Technology Kannur]]
* [[Sir Syed College (Taliparamba)]]
* Taliparamba Arts and Science College
* KILA Institute of Public Policy and Leadership (IPPL), Taliparamba<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ippl.kila.ac.in/ |title=Institute of Public Policy and Leadership - KILA}}</ref>
* National College, Taliparamba
* MM Knowledge Arts and Science College, Taliparamba
* Keyi Sahib Training College, Taliparamba
* Al Maquar Arabic college, Taliparamba
* College of Applied Science, Pattuvam
* Morazha Co-operative Arts & Science College
* Aerosis College of Aviation and Management Studies, Karakkund <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://highereducation.kerala.gov.in/index.php/academic/institutions/self-financing?showall=&start=3 |title=Higher Education Institutes in Kannur University}}</ref><ref>[http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_collegiate/list.htm officialwebsite of kerala.gov.in] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080810221656/http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_collegiate/list.htm |date=10 August 2008 }}</ref>

===Schools===
* [[Tagore School, Taliparamba|Tagore Vidyaniketan, Taliparamba]]
* [[Moothedath High School|Moothedath Higher Secondary School, Taliparamba]]
* Sir Syed Higher Secondary School, Karimbam
* [[Seethi Sahib Higher Secondary School]]
* St. Paul's High School, Taliparamba
* Chinmaya Vidyalaya, Taliparamba
* [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Taliparamba]]
* Yatheem Khana UP School, Manna
* Trichambaram U.P.School
* Akkiparamba UP School, Chiravakk
* Shyam Prasad School, Taliparamba<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dhsekerala.gov.in/schoolist.aspx?dcode=13|title=School list|website=www.dhsekerala.gov.in}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{bar box|title=Religions in Taliparamba Municipality (2011)<ref name=census2011>{{cite web |title=Religion – Kerala, Districts and Sub-districts |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW32C-01%20MDDS.XLS |work=Census of India 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/803258-taliparamba-kerala.html |title=Taliparamba Town Population Census 2011}}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|60.17}}{{bar percent|
[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|35.15}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|Dodgerblue|4.16}}{{bar percent|
[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|0.02}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|0.02}}{{bar percent|
[[Jainism|Jain]]|Blue|0.00}}{{bar percent|
Unclassified|black|0.03}}{{bar percent|
Not stated|grey|0.45}}}}

As of the [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kerala |first1=Directorate of Census Operations |title=District Census Handbook, Kannur |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |page=174,175 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3202_PART_B_KANNUR.pdf |access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref> Taliparamba [[Municipalities of Kerala|Municipality]] had population of 72,465 of which 33,779 are males while 38,685 are females with an area of {{cvt|43.08|km2}}.
In 2015, Anthoor region was carved from Taliparamba Municipality and formed a separate [[Anthoor]] Municipality. After bifurcation, Taliparamba Municipality had a population of 44,247 which consists of 20,838 males and 23,409 females with an area of {{cvt|18.96|km2}}. The female sex ratio here is of 1187 against state average of 1084. The average population density is {{convert|2334|pd/sqkm}}.

Literacy rate of Taliparamba town is 96% higher than state average of 94.00%. In Taliparamba, male literacy is around 97.50% while female literacy rate is 93.06%.

==Kinfra Textile Park==
[[Kinfra Textile Park Taliparamba]] located in Nadukani near Taliparamba established in 2010 by [[Kinfra]] spread over 50.18 hectares is the hub of textile manufacturing activities in Kannur district. A textile dyeing and printing centre also is being facilitated in Nadukani Kinfra Apparel Park.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Textile-Centre-at-Nadukani-to-be-hub-of-textile-production-activities/article16366294.ece |title=Textile Centre at Nadukani to be hub of textile production activities |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=14 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/20/stories/2008052051430300.htm |title=The Hindu : Kerala / Kannur News : Kinfra's Textile Centre to be opened next month |website=www.hindu.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531201604/http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/20/stories/2008052051430300.htm |archive-date=31 May 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Politics==
The political landscape of [[Taliparamba Assembly constituency|Taliparamba Assembly]] is dominated by the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]. The current [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] of Taliparamba is [[M.V. Govindan]], the present state secretary of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] who won by a margin of 22,689 votes in the [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.oneindia.com/taliparamba-assembly-elections-kl-8/ |title=Taliparamba Assembly Election Results 2021 |work=[[Oneindia]] |access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref>

Taliparamba municipality has strong presence of [[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] along with nominal presence of [[Indian National Congress|INC]] and [[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]]. Taliparamba municipality is currently ruled by [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]] allied [[IUML]].

===Taliparamba Municipality Election 2020===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!S.No.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lsgkerala.gov.in/en/lbelection/electdmemberdet/2020/218 |title=Taliparamba Municipality - Standing Committee |website=lsgkerala.gov.in}}</ref> !! Party name !! Party symbol !! Number of Councillors
|-
| 01 || [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]] ||[[File:UDF logo.png|50px]] || 19
|-
| 02 || [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]] ||[[File:Left Democratic Front (Kerala) Logo.svg|50px]] || 12
|-
| 03 || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ||[[File:BJP election symbol.svg -783x768.png|50px]] || 03
|}

==Law and order==
The municipality comes under jurisdiction of Taliparamba police station which was formed on 30 May 1931. This police station comprises within 8 villages, i.e. Taliparamba, [[Pattuvam]], [[Anthoor]], [[Morazha]], [[Kooveri]], [[Kuttiyeri]], [[Panniyoor]] and [[Kurumathur]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ps.keralapolice.gov.in/taliparamba-ps/about |title=About - Taliparamba PS |website=keralapolice.gov.in}}</ref>

Taliparamba is also a headquarters of Taliparamba sub division under Kannur rural police district which is formed on 01.08.1986. It is situated 400m east of [[National Highway 66 (India)|NH 66]]. The sub division has jurisdiction control over five police stations viz. Taliparamba, [[Alakode, Kannur district|Alakode]], [[Kudianmala]], [[Sreekandapuram]] and [[Payyavoor]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kannurrural.keralapolice.gov.in/page/thaliparamba |title=Taliparamba Sub Division |website=keralapolice.gov.in}}</ref>

'''Court Complexes in Taliparamba'''
* Additional District Sessions Court, Taliparamba
* Fast Track Special Court POCSO, Taliparamba
* Judicial First Class Majistrate Court, Taliparamba
* Munsiff Court, Taliparamba
* Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, Taliparamba <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://districts.ecourts.gov.in/judicialsetup |title=Judicial Setup of Kannur district |website=districts.ecourts.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://kannur.dcourts.gov.in/contact-us/ |title=Courts in Thalassery district}}</ref>

==Transportation==
The National Highway ([[National Highway 66 (India)|NH 66]]) passes through Taliparamba Town. [[Goa]] and [[Mumbai]] can be accessed on the northern side and [[Cochin]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram]] can be accessed on the southern side. National Highway 66 is given node for construction of 6 lane on different stretches of Kerala including Taliparamba-Muzhappilangad and Nileshwar-Taliparamba stretches.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/nod-for-six-laning-nh-corridor/article32193432.ece |title=Nod for six-laning NH corridor |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=25 July 2020}}</ref> [[State Highway 36 (Kerala)|SH 36]] connects Taliparamba town with [[Sreekandapuram]], [[Irikkur]], [[Iritty]] and [[Mysore]] and [[Bangalore]] are accessible from [[Iritty]] towards east.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keralapwd.gov.in/getPage.php?page=maps&pageId=248|title=Kerala State Highways|publisher=Kerala PWD Department|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201055331/http://www.keralapwd.gov.in/getPage.php?page=maps&pageId=248|archive-date=1 December 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Taliparamba has several private and KSRTC buses plying places inside and outside the Kannur district. Taliparamba is well-connected to its suburbs through several bus services. Taliparamba town has two bus terminals - Taliparamba Municipal Bus Stand on NH-66 road and Kakkathodu Bus Stand on SH-36 road.

The nearest railway stations are [[Kannapuram railway station|Kannapuram]], [[Pazhayangadi railway station|Pazhayangadi]] and [[Kannur railway station|Kannur]], which are situated {{cvt|12|km}}, {{cvt|15|km}} and {{cvt|21|km}} respectively away from the town, on the [[Shoranur-Mangalore Section]] under [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]].

The nearest airport is at [[Kannur International Airport|Kannur]], {{convert|37|km|mi}} away. A road is being proposed to develop from Taliparamba to Kannur Airport which passes through [[Mayyil]], Kololam, [[Chalode]] areas. Once it is materialised, distance from Kannur Airport to [[Payyanur]], [[Kanhangad]] and other such places north of Taliparamba will be reduced and benefited.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/govt-speeds-up-work-of-roads-connecting-kannur-airport/articleshow/70078305.cms |title=Govt speeds up work of connecting Kannur airport |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/steps-to-develop-airport-road/article29649819.ece |title=Steps to develop airport road |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> [[Mangalore Airport|Mangalore]] and [[Calicut International Airport|Calicut]] are the other Airports nearby.

==Tourism==
[[Vismaya]] is an amusement water theme park situated nearby Taliparamba. The bridges at [[Kuttiyeri]] and [[Kooveri]], Vellikkeel Eco-Tourism Park, and the riverside temple at [[Parassinikkadavu]] attract many tourists. [[Paithal Mala]] and Palakkayam Thattu Hill stations are other popular tourist spots nearby.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Kuppam River View from Koovery Hanging Bridge.JPG|Kuppam River viewed from Koovery Hanging Bridge
File:Vismaya lasershow.jpg|Vismaya lasershow
File:Manna Junction, Taliparamba (1).png|Manna Junction
</gallery>

==Religions==
Taliparamba is home to a number of [[Hindu temple|temples]], [[Church (building)|churches]], and [[mosque]]s. Temples include the [[Rajarajeshwara Temple]], [[Trichambaram Temple]] and [[Parassinikkadavu Temple]]. Taliparamba Juma Masjid and St. Mary's Church are other prominent religious centres in the town.

===Rajarajeshwara Temple===
[[File:Sree Rajarajeshwara Temple, Taliparamba.jpg|right|thumb|Rajarajeshwara Temple]]
[[Rajarajeshwara Temple]] is one of the 108 existing ancient [[108 Shiva Temples|Shiva Temples]] in Kerala. The temple is about 2 kilometres from Taliparamba town. Rajarajeswara Temple doesn't allow women to worship from inside the enclosure around the sanctum sanctorum during daytime.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/judgment-puts-focus-on-rajarajeswara-temple/articleshow/66013652.cms |title=Judgment puts focus on Rajarajeshwara temple |work=[[Times of India]] |access-date=30 September 2018}}</ref>
The temple even draws visitors from the neighboring states of [[Karnataka]] and Tamil Nadu. Karnataka former Chief Minister Yeddyurappa visited here many times.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/yeddyurappa-donates-elephant-to-kerala-temple-32913-2008-11-05 |title=Yeddyurappa donates elephant to Kerala temple |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Yeddyurappa-worships-at-Kannur-temples/article15772060.ece |title=Yeddyurappa worships at Kannur temples |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=26 October 2016}}</ref>
Tamil Nadu former Chief Minister Jayalalitha shared special relation with the temple.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/071216/jayalalithaa-shared-a-special-relation-with-talipparamba-rajarajeshwara-temple.html |title=Jayalalitha shared a special relation with Taliparamba Rajarajeshwari Temple |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/rajarajeshwara-temple-taliparamba-kept-its-doors-open-for-jayalalithaa/articleshow/55848387.cms |title=When a temple kept it doors open for Jayalalithaa |work=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>

===Trichambaram Temple===
[[File:Trichambaram temple.jpg|right|thumb|Trichambaram temple]]
The [[Trichambaram Temple]] is about 3 kilometres south of Taliparamba. The famous two-week Trichambaram festival is celebrated every year at this temple. On the final day of the festival, the scene of Balarama bidding farewell to his brother Krishna is enacted.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/travel/hot-spots/trichambaram-temple-1.34409 |title=Trichambaram temple tourist_spots |work=[[Mathrubhumi]]}}</ref>

===Kanjirangad Vaidyanatha Temple===
Kanjirangad Vaidyanadtha Temple is the third important temple in Taliparamba, dedicated to the worship of Shiva. The three temples are together overseen by the [[Malabar Devaswom Board]].<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.keralatourism.org/temples/kannur/kanhirangad-vaidyanatha| title=Thiruvathira Festival, Kanhirangad Sree Vaidyanatha Temple| website=www.keralatourism.org}}</ref>

===Taliparamba Juma masjid===
[[File:Taliparamba-juma-masjid.jpg|right|thumb|Juma masjid]]
The Taliparamba Valiya Juma [[masjid]] is inside the city's market. The city's main burial ground is near the masjid. The mosque's architecture features traditional Vasthu elements, while the interior demonstrates regal as well as traditional themes. The main hall, used mostly for Friday sermons, is built of wood and features large load-bearing pillars.

===St. Mary's Forane Pilgrim church===
Since the early 1960s, [[Syro Malabar Church|Syrian Catholics]] from [[Northern Travancore]] began to settle at Taliparamba for various purpose like education, employment and mercantile. Then Trichambaram St Paul's Church and Pushpagiri CMI Church were there for their religious purposes. On 25 December 1990, St Mary's Parish took birth under the [[Archdiocese of Tellicherry]] and laid foundation stone on 15 August 2008. On 14 April 2012 the church was inaugurated and opened for the public under the presidency of former Bishop [[George Valiamattam|Mar George Valyamattam]]. On 17 March 2013, the church was declared as a forane church and a pilgrimage centre.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://stmaryschurch.in/ |title=Profile - St. Mary's Forane Church}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/destination/st-marys-forane-church-taliparamba/594 | title=St. Mary's Church, Taliparamba |website=keralatourism.org}}</ref>

===Pushpagiri church===
The church at Pushpagiri hills is Catholic.

===Mosques===
The city's mosques include Taliparamba Juma masjid, Syed Nagar mosque, Shadulipalli Market Road mosque, Yatheem Khana masjid, and Rifai Juma masjid.

<gallery>
File:Taliparamba Sivasundaram(Elephant).jpg|Taliparamba Shivasundaran
File:Taliparamba-skyline.jpg|Skyview Taliparamba town
</gallery>

==Karimbam farm==
The [[District Agricultural Farm, Taliparamba|District Agricultural Farm]] at Karimbam is a major research organization in Taliparamba. The farm was originally established in 1905 by [[Charles Alfred Barber|Sir Charles Alfred Barber]] at the behest of the Madras Government, based on the recommendation of the Famine Commission of 1880 of the [[Government of India]]. Although the objective was to do research on [[Piperaceae|pepper]], the activities of the farm were further extended to agroclimatic experiments, [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridization]] and the production and distribution of [[seed]]s and [[seedling]]s. Covering an area of 56 hectares, the farm has a rich biodiversity with a variety of indigenous and exotic [[fruit tree]]s, such as [[Mangosteen]], [[Rambutan]], and [[Durian]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/120816/karimbam-farm-born-out-of-famine.html |title=Karimbam farm born out of famine |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |access-date=12 August 2016}}</ref> Kerala government has proposed to develop Karimbam farm to be a tourist spot in the state.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/kannur-to-get-a-new-farm-tourism-destination/articleshow/70086934.cms |title=Kannur to get a new farm tourism destination |work=[[Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/karimbam-farm-to-be-tourist-hotspot/article28291683.ece |title=Karimbam farm to be a tourist hotspot |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<gallery>

File:Karimbam biodiversity centre2.jpg|Forest footpath
File:Farm Office.jpg|Farm Office
File:Itk centre.jpg|I.T.K.Center
</gallery>

==Notable people==
* [[Santhosh Keezhattoor]] (Film actor and producer)
* [[Nikhila Vimal]] (Film actress)
* Sreerag R. Nambiar (Writer-[[Uppum Mulakum]])
* [[Reshmi Boban]] (Film actress)
* Sherry Govindan (Film director)
* [[Athmiya Rajan]] (Film actress)
* [[Rathish Ambat]] (Film director)
* [[Raghavan (actor)|Raghavan]] (Film actor)
* [[M. V. Govindan]] (Political leader)
* Jishnu Raghavan (Film actor)
* M. Rajan Taliparamba (Film producer)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/celebs/m-rajan-taliparamba/biography.html |title=M Rajan Biography}}</ref>
* Emil George (Media Personality) <ref>{{Cite web | title=Emil George from Kerala drives through the Indian mainland in 97 days setting a record for the fastest solo car expedition - The Hindu | url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/travel/emil-george-from-kochi-drove-through-28-states-and-six-union-territories-on-the-indian-mainland-in-ninety-seven-days/article66933338.ece | access-date=2025-07-30 | website=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Muyyam]]
* [[Alakkode Road]]
* [[Taliparamba West]]
* [[Dharmashala, Kannur|Dharmasala, Kannur]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{wikivoyage inline|Taliparamba}}
* [http://gis.lsgkerala.gov.in/lbmap/thalipparambamunicipality/viewer.htm Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229075331/http://gis.lsgkerala.gov.in/lbmap/thalipparambamunicipality/viewer.htm |date=29 December 2021 }}

{{Kerala}}
{{Municipalities of Kerala}}
{{North Malabar}}
{{Places of interest in North Malabar}}
{{Kannur district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kannur district]]
[[Category:Taliparamba| ]]

Pankaj Butalia

2026-02-09T06:04:00Z

Proctocure: biography.

{{short description|Indian documentary filmmaker}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pankaj Butalia
| image = 
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1950
| birth_place = [[Ambala]], [[Haryana]], India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]]
| other_names =
| known_for = ''Moksha'', ''Karvaan''
| relatives = [[Urvashi Butalia]]
| occupation = Filmmaker
}}
'''Pankaj Butalia''' is an Indian documentary filmmaker. His 1993 film ''Moksha'' (also known by the English title ''Salvation''), on the widows of [[Vrindavan]], received four international awards.<ref name="moksha">{{cite web|title=Moksha|url=http://www.ucfilms.in/subject/gender/moksha|accessdate=15 January 2013}}</ref> Several of his films have been screened extensively throughout the world.<ref name="psbt">{{cite web|title=PANKAJ BUTALIA - Public Service Broadcasting Trust|url=http://www.psbt.org/directors/273|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601050455/http://www.psbt.org/directors/273|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 June 2015|website=psbt.org (archived)|accessdate=13 March 2018}}</ref> He has also directed a feature film ''Karvaan'' (1999), starring [[Naseeruddin Shah]].

==Early life==
Butalia was born in [[Ambala]], [[Haryana]], in 1950, to Joginder Singh and Subhadra Butalia. Feminist author and publisher [[Urvashi Butalia]] is his sister. He studied at [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]], and was a national level table tennis player.<ref name=ucfilms>{{cite web|title=Pankaj Butalia {{!}} Under Construction - UC Films|url=http://www.ucfilms.in/category/director/pankaj-butalia/|accessdate=30 January 2013}}</ref> After obtaining his master's degree, he taught economics at [[Delhi University]] for many years before making his first film.<ref name="chaosmag">{{cite web|title=Chaosmag Database: Pankaj Butalia|url=http://www.chaosmag.in/pankaj.html|accessdate=15 January 2013}}</ref>

==Film society work==
When still a student, Butalia co-founded the film society Celluloid. Subsequently, he became active in the Film Society movement at the national level, and held the post of secretary of the [[Federation of Film Societies of India]] for eight years. He was assigned the responsibility of organising the documentary section of the [[International Film Festival of India]] during 1986–88.<ref name=chaosmag />

==Career as filmmaker==
Butalia started his career as a filmmaker with ''When Hamlet went to Mizoram'' (1990), on the way [[Shakespeare]]'s [[Hamlet]] has become part of popular culture in the North-Eastern Indian state of [[Mizoram]]. After its favourable critical reception he quit his teaching job to become a full-time filmmaker.

===''Moksha''===
Butalia's second film ''Moksha'' (1993) (not to be confused with the [[Moksha (2001 film)|2001 feature film]] of the same name) was on the plight of Bengali widows in [[Vrindavan]]. Abandoned by their families, they are doomed to a life of penury. The film attracted considerable attention, winning four international awards.<ref name="moksha" /> The review on the official website of the [[San Francisco Film Festival]] says: "Pankaj Butalia’s Salvation brings such individuality and clarity to its portrayal of the lives of Bengali widows that it achieves that all-too-rare balance between advocacy and cinema. Through a series of candid interviews, generous observational footage and a lush, poetic narration, the film makes the point that Indian society, right or wrong, simply does not have a place for these women." It adds: "Salvation is a testament to the power of human will and human dignity."<ref name="sffi">{{cite web|title=Salvation {{!}} San Francisco Film Festival|url=http://history.sffs.org/films/film_details.php?id=4338|accessdate=18 January 2013}}</ref> Cinematographer [[:en:Piyush Shah|Piyush Shah]] received the [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Cinematography|National Award for Best Cinematography]] for "documenting a tragic reality with all its moods and emotions".<ref name="41stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/41st_nff_1994.pdf|title=41st National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|accessdate=31 January 2013}}</ref>

===''Karvaan''===
In 1999 Butalia directed his first, and to date only, feature film ''Karvaan'', starring [[Naseeruddin Shah]] and [[Kitu Gidwani]]. Also known by the English title ''Shadows in the Dark'', the film deals with the [[Partition of India]] and its aftermath in both India and Pakistan. It won a special mention at the [[Amiens International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Amiens International Film Festival (1999)|website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000023/1999|accessdate=16 January 2013}}</ref> and was screened at the Venice and Rotterdam film festivals.<ref name=FOSA>{{cite web|title=Friends of South Asia (FOSA)|url=http://www.friendsofsouthasia.org/events/karvaan/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031030110400/http://www.friendsofsouthasia.org/events/karvaan/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=30 October 2003|accessdate=16 January 2013}}</ref>

===The Great Arc films===
Butalia made two short films in 2003, both dealing with [[surveying]] in [[British India]]. In the 1860s, the British trained Indian surveyors to disguise themselves, enter Tibet and carry on surveys incognito. Over the next twenty years, many Indian surveyors entered Tibet in disguise and carried out the most authoritative surveys of their times. ''A Million Steps'' is a short documentary attempting to look at the adventures of three of these surveyors.<ref>{{cite web|title=a million steps {{!}} Under Construction - UC Films|url=http://www.ucfilms.in/subject/history/a-million-steps/|accessdate=30 January 2013}}</ref> ''Tracing the Arc'' is about the [[Great Trigonometric Survey]] or Great Arc Project that started in 1802 and lasted through most of the 19th century. Although arising out of cartographic and military necessity, it was an ambitious attempt to measure the curvature of the earth's surface. It remains a major achievement of applied science in British India. The film attempts to recreate the stupendous effort and look at some of its implications.<ref>{{cite web|title=tracing the arc {{!}} Under Construction - UC Films|url=http://www.ucfilms.in/subject/history/tracing-the-arc/|accessdate=30 January 2013}}</ref> The two films were part of the [[Survey of India]]'s "Great Arc Bicentenary Celebrations".<ref>{{cite news|last=Nayar|first=Mandira|title=Daring mapping saga on celluloid|url=http://hindu.com/thehindu/lf/2003/08/26/stories/2003082600920200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518115725/http://hindu.com/thehindu/lf/2003/08/26/stories/2003082600920200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 May 2014|accessdate=5 February 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 August 2003}}</ref>

===The conflict trilogy and other recent work===
In 2007, Butalia returned to the North-East to make ''Manipur Song'', which documents the impact of violence on the lives of ordinary people in the state of [[Manipur]]. It was selected for screening in a special section for Indian documentary films at the 54th International Leipzig festival.<ref>{{cite web|title=Special section for Indian docs at 54th International Leipzig Festival|url=http://dearcinema.com/news/special-section-for-indian-docs-at-54th-international-leipzig-festival-for-documentary-and-animated-film/3857|accessdate=15 January 2013}}</ref> More recently, Butalia has been associated with DocWok, an initiative to mentor documentary film production in India. At a rough cut workshop held in November 2012, his film ''The Textures of Loss'' was one of six selected by DocWok for the current round of projects.<ref>{{cite web|title=Docwok|url=http://docwok.in/|accessdate=14 February 2012}}</ref> The film deals with the sense of loss that is all-pervasive in [[Kashmir]] after more than two decades of violence. The film was initially denied certification by the CBFC. In May 2015 the Delhi High Court allowed its release without any cuts.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mathur|first1=Aneesha|title=Kashmir Violence documentary: HC clears release of Butalia's film without any cut or disclaimer/article/india/india-others/kashmir-violence-documentary-hc-clears-release-of-butalias-film-without-any-cut-or-disclaimer/#sthash.XXUSCRzH.dpuf|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/kashmir-violence-documentary-hc-clears-release-of-butalias-film-without-any-cut-or-disclaimer/|accessdate=22 May 2016|publisher=The Indian Express|date=26 May 2015}}</ref> Another film recently concluded is ''A Landscape of Neglect'' (originally titled ''Assamblog'') shot extensively in remote parts of Assam over a period of three years. Together with ''Manipur Song'' and ''The Textures of Loss'', it forms the third part of a trilogy dealing with conflict in India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Assamblog|url=http://docwok.in/assamblog.html|accessdate=15 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224025121/http://docwok.in/assamblog.html|archive-date=24 December 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> These were followed by ''Yeh kahaan aa gaye hum'', a film on Urdu poet and lyricist [[Nida Fazli]],<ref name="expressnida">{{cite news|last1=Khati|first1=Pooja|title=On the record: Man of His Word – Nida Fazli|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/nida-fazli-ye-kahan-agaye-hum-pankaj-butalia/|accessdate=13 March 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=12 April 2016}}</ref> and ''In Search of the Found Object'', on artist [[Vivan Sundaram]].<ref name="expressartist">{{cite news|last1=Ali|first1=Asad|title=Searching for the Artist|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/pankaj-butalia-searching-for-the-artist-manipur-assam-kashmir-4699305/|accessdate=13 March 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=12 June 2017}}</ref> His most recent completed film, titled ''Mash Up'' (2017), documents the lives and hopes of two young men from a slum in [[Delhi]], who aspire to be singers.<ref name="expressmashup">{{cite news|last1=Ralleigh|first1=Damini|title=From The Heart of The Basti|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment-video/pankaj-butalias-documentary-mash-up-talk-about-their-love-for-music-and-how-their-passion-gave-birth-to-new-aspirations-4842454/|accessdate=16 March 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=14 September 2017}}</ref>

At the 15th Madurai Film Festival held in December 2013, the Retrospective section featured seven films by Pankaj Butalia.<ref name="madurai">{{cite web|title=Madurai Film Festival: 24 November 2013|url=http://maduraifilmfest.blogspot.in/2013_11_24_archive.html|website=blogspot.in|accessdate=10 March 2018}}</ref>

==Other contributions==
Apart from his work in cinema, Butalia has been writing on current affairs in various newspapers such as the [[Times of India]] and the [[Indian Express]].<ref name="timesofindiareporter">{{cite web|title=Pankaj Butalia - Times of India Reporter|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Pankaj-Butalia.cms|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|accessdate=8 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="indianexpress-pb">{{cite web|title=Pankaj Butalia: The Indian Express|url=http://indianexpress.com/profile/columnist/pankaj-butalia/|website=indianexpress.com|accessdate=5 March 2018}}</ref> He is also the author of a book entitled ''Dark Room: Child Sexuality in India'' (Harper Collins, 2013; {{ISBN|978-9350294345}}), which is possibly the only book on the subject.

==Filmography==
* ''When Hamlet went to Mizoram'' (1990)
* ''Moksha'' (1993)
* ''A Cat's Concert'' (1997)
* ''A Matter of Light'' (1998)
* ''Karvaan'' (1999)
* ''A Million Steps'' (2003)
* ''Tracing the Arc'' (2003)
* ''Manipur Song'' (2007)
* ''An Island of Hope'' (2010)
* ''Centrestage'' (2010)
* '' Kahani Ek Gaon ki'' (2012)
* ''The Textures of Loss'' (2012)
* ''A Landscape of Neglect'' (2015)
* ''Yeh Kahaan aa Gaye Hum'' (2015)
* ''In Search of the Found Object'' (2016)
* ''Mash Up'' (2017)

==Awards==

* Silver Dove for ''Moksha'', Leipzig, 1993
* Golden Conch for ''Moksha'', Bombay International Film Festival of Documentary, Animation and Short Films, 1994 <ref name="miff">{{cite web|title=BIFF'1994 Award Winning Films|url=http://miff.in/biff1994-award-winning-films/|website=Mumbai International Film Festival|accessdate=4 March 2017}}</ref>
* Special Jury Award for ''Moksha'', Golden Gate Awards, San Francisco, 1994<ref name="sffi"/>
* Special Jury Award for ''Moksha'', Freeburg, 1994
* Special Mention for ''Shadows in the Dark'' in the Feature Film category, Amiens International Film Festival, 1999

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0124651}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Butalia, Pankaj}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian documentary filmmakers]]
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Film directors from Haryana]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:People from Ambala]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]

Uttar Pradesh cuisine

2026-01-24T19:19:34Z

Proctocure: Started New Data

{{Short description|Type of Indian cuisine}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{refimprove|date=November 2014}}
{{Indian cuisine}}
'''Cuisine of Uttar Pradesh''' is from the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] (UP) located in [[Northern India]]. The cuisine of UP has a large variety of dishes. The cuisine consists of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes of different varieties. Being a large state, the cuisine of UP share lot of dishes and recipes with the neighboring states of [[Delhi]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]] and [[Haryana]].<ref>{{cite web|title=10 Best Recipes From Uttar Pradesh|url=http://cooks.ndtv.com/article/show/10-best-recipes-from-uttar-pradesh-437213|publisher=NDTV|access-date=26 October 2013|date=25 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028034511/http://cooks.ndtv.com/article/show/10-best-recipes-from-uttar-pradesh-437213|archive-date=28 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Braj Cuisine|Braj]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=6 Regional Micro Cuisines Of Uttar Pradesh You Must Explore |url=https://www.slurrp.com/article/6-regional-micro-cuisines-of-uttar-pradesh-that-every-foodie-must-explore-1720605740417 |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=www.slurrp.com |quote=Braj cuisine refers to regional delicacies prepared in Mathura and surrounding areas. Also referred to as Braj bhumi by many devotees and considered sacred because Lord Krishna was born here and spent his childhood in the region, the local cuisine largely comprises vegetarian dishes. You will observe a lot of fried food items like bedai, aloo-puri, deep-fried kachori, peda prepared using condensed milk, and makhan mishri, which is also believed to be among the favourites of Lord Krishna.}}</ref> [[Mughlai cuisine|Mughlai]], [[Awadhi cuisine|Awadhi]], [[Kannuaji cuisine|Kannuaji]], [[Kauravi cuisine|Kauravi]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Oudh (India) |first=United Provinces of Agra and |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eNxP7M4HRRAC&dq=Meerut+cuisine&pg=PA105 |title=District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh: Meerut |date=1904 |publisher=Government Press |language=en |quote=The food of the people does not differ in the case of Meerut Food of the people from that of the other districts of this division.}}</ref> [[Bundeli Cuisine|Bundeli]], [[Bagheli cuisine|Bagheli]] and [[Bhojpuri cuisine|Bhojpuri]] are famous subtypes of cuisine of the state.

==Bread==
As wheat is the staple food of the state, breads are very significant. [[Breads]] are generally flat breads; only a few varieties are raised breads. The breads may be made of different [[Types of restaurant|types]] of flour and can be made in various ways. Popular breads include tandoori naan ([[naan]] baked in a [[tandoor]]), tandoori [[roti]], [[kulcha]], [[Taftan (bread)|taftan]], [[sheermal]], [[rumali roti]], [[poori]],
[[paratha]], [[sogara|millet]] (millet flour flatbread), [[Litti (cuisine)|litti]], [[kachori]], [[parantha]], [[chapathi]].

==Common food==
[[File:A thali with daal roti bhindi ki sabzi and mango pickle.jpg|thumb|A staple meal from UP, consisting of ''sabji'', ''daal'' and rotis with mango pickle.]]
[[File:Kachori Sabji.JPG|thumb|[[Kachori]] sabji is a popular breakfast in Uttar Pradesh.]]
[[File:Shahi Paneer & Butter Naan.jpg|thumb|''Shahi paneer'' and bread.]]


*[[Biryani]]
*[[Boondi]]
*[[Chaat]]
*Dum [[okra|bhindi]] (fried whole okra stuffed with spiced potato filling)
*[[Egg curry]]
*[[Kofta]]
*[[Korma]]
*[[Aloo gosht]]
*[[Litti (cuisine)|Litti chokha]]
*[[Mutton biryani]]

*[[Nihari]]
*[[Pakora]]
*[[Palak paneer]]
*[[Pasanda]] [[kabab]] (skewered boneless mutton)
*[[Pasanda]] [[paneer]] (similar to paneer makhani)
*[[Poori]]
*[[Raita]]
*[[Rajma]]
*[[Chickpea|Chole]] (chickpea curry)
*[[Chana masala]]
*[[Samosa]]
*[[Shab deg]] (a winter dish, turnips and mutton balls with saffron)
*[[Kalmi kebab]]
*[[Shami kabab]] (includes tangy green mango)
*[[Sohan halwa]] especially in Rampur state
*[[Petha]] (known as bhatuapaag in Bhojpuri areas)
*[[Tahri (dish)|Tehri]] (vegetarian rice dish with spices and mixed vegetables)
*[[Dal|Daal]]
*[[Kichdi]]


==Traditional desserts==
[[File:JalebiIndia.jpg|thumb|''[[Imarti]]'', made from lentil dough.]]
[[File:Pera - Sweet - Banke Bihari Mandir Area - Vrindavan - 2013-02-22 4785.JPG|thumb|''[[Peda]]s'' from [[Mathura Vrindavan]].]]
[[File:Kaju katli dessert - side view.jpg|thumb|''[[Kaju katli]]'']]


*[[Balushahi]]
*[[Barfi]]
*[[Chhena]]
*[[Gajar ka halwa]]
*[[Ghevar]]
*[[Gujia]]
*[[Gulab jamun]]

*[[Halwa]]
*[[Imarti]]
*[[Jalebi]]
*[[Kaju katli]]
*[[Kalakand]]
*[[Kheer]]
*[[Kulfi]]
*[[Laddu]]

*[[Nankhatai]]
*[[Shahi tukda]]
*[[Malpua]]
*[[Peda]]
*[[Petha]]
*[[Rabri]]
*[[Ras malai]]
*[[Sheer Khorma|Sheer khorma]]
*[[Thekua]]


==Common beverages==
[[File:Bhang-and-Thandai.jpg|thumb|A stall selling ''[[thandai]]'', a popular milk-based cold drink from UP.]]



*[[Falooda]]
*[[Chaas|Chhaas]]
*[[Lassi]]
*[[Raita]]
*[[Sharbat (beverage)|Sharbat]]
*[[Thandai]]


==See also==
* [[Indian cuisine]]
* [[North Indian cuisine]]
* [[Awadhi cuisine]]
* [[Bhojpuri cuisine]]
* [[Mughlai cuisine]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{Commons category|Cuisine of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Cuisine of India}}
*[http://www.uponline.in/Profile/Culture/cuisines.asp Uponline.in] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606051637/http://www.uponline.in/Profile/Culture/cuisines.asp |date=6 June 2009 }}
*[http://food.indif.com/recipes/menus/uttar_pradesh/default.asp Food.indif.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019213950/http://food.indif.com/recipes/menus/uttar_pradesh/default.asp |date=19 October 2008 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cuisine Of Uttar Pradesh}}
[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine by state or union territory]]
[[Category:Culture of Uttar Pradesh|*]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradeshi cuisine| ]]

Naveen Andrews

2026-01-22T12:44:08Z

Proctocure: add details also and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|British actor (born 1969)}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Naveen Andrews
| image = Naveen Andrews 2025 at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival (cropped).jpg
| caption = Andrews at the [[2025 Sundance Film Festival]]
| birth_name = Naveen William Sidney Andrews
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|17 January 1969}}
| birth_place = [[Lambeth]], London, England
| citizenship = {{Plainlist|
* United Kingdom
* United States (since 2010)
}}
| education = {{Plainlist|
* [[Emanuel School]]
* [[Guildhall School of Music and Drama]]
}}
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1991–present
| partner = {{Plainlist|
* Geraldine Feakins (1985–1991)
* [[Barbara Hershey]] (1998–2009)
}}
| children = 2
}}

'''Naveen William Sidney Andrews''' (born 17 January 1969) is a British and American actor. He is best known for his role as [[Sayid Jarrah]] in the television series ''[[Lost (2004 TV series)|Lost]]'' (2004–2010), for which he was nominated for a [[Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Award]] and a [[Primetime Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]], as well as winning a [[Screen Actors Guild Awards|Screen Actors Guild Award]] along with the cast. He has also appeared in films such as ''[[The English Patient (film)|The English Patient]]'' (1996), ''[[Mighty Joe Young (1998 film)|Mighty Joe Young]]'' (1998), ''[[Rollerball (2002 film)|Rollerball]]'' (2002), ''[[Bride and Prejudice]]'' (2004), ''[[Planet Terror]]'' (2007), ''[[The Brave One (2007 film)|The Brave One]]'' (2007), and ''[[Diana (2013 film)|Diana]]'' (2013). In 2022, he portrayed [[Sunny Balwani|Ramesh "Sunny" Balwani]] in the [[Hulu]] miniseries ''[[The Dropout]]''.

==Early life==
Andrews was born on 17 January 1969<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rose |first=Mike |date=January 17, 2023|title=Today's famous birthdays list for January 17, 2023 includes celebrities James Earl Jones, Jim Carrey|url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2023/01/todays-famous-birthdays-list-for-january-17-2023-includes-celebrities-james-earl-jones-jim-carrey.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=[[Cleveland.com]]}}</ref> in [[Lambeth]], [[London]],<ref name="tv">{{cite web |author= |title=Naveen Andrews {{!}} Credits |work=[[TV Guide]] |url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/naveen-andrews/credits/3030203730/ |access-date= 16 February 2025}}</ref> to Nirmala, a [[psychologist]], and Stanley Andrews, a businessman, both immigrants from [[Kerala]], India.<ref>{{cite news |first=Catherine |last=Elsworth |title=I'm so grateful I'm sober now |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2005-08-30 |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2005/08/30/bvnaveen30.xml&page=3 |access-date=2025-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014161130/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2005/08/30/bvnaveen30.xml&page=3 |archive-date=2007-10-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=March 2025}} He was raised in the [[Methodist Church of Great Britain]].<ref>{{cite news |agency=[[Canadian Press]] |title=Naveen Andrews finds himself in L.A |work=[[CTV News]] |department=[[etalk]] |date=2006-04-10 |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060410/naveen_andrews_20060410/20060410/ |access-date=2025-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715101159/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060410/naveen_andrews_20060410/20060410/ |archive-date=2009-07-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1985, when he was 16, Andrews began a relationship with the 30-year-old Geraldine Feakins.<ref name=":0" />

==Career==
Andrews auditioned for drama school and was accepted at London's [[Guildhall School of Music and Drama]].<ref name="tv"/> His studies paid off when he won a role in [[Hanif Kureishi]]'s film ''[[London Kills Me]]'' (1991).<ref name="tv"/> Andrews starred in the 1993 [[BBC]] miniseries ''[[The Buddha of Suburbia (TV serial)|Buddha of Suburbia]]''.<ref name="tv"/> He portrayed Kip Singh in ''[[The English Patient (film)|The English Patient]]'' (1996),<ref name="tv"/> and [[Sayid Jarrah]] in the television series ''[[Lost (2004 TV series)|Lost]]'' (2004–10).<ref name="tv"/>

In 2006, he was voted one of ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' magazine's World's Most Beautiful People.<ref>{{cite magazine |author= |title=2006's World's Most Beautiful People |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]] |date=2006-04-26 |url=https://people.com/celebrity/2006s-worlds-most-beautiful-people/ |access-date=2025-03-13}}</ref>

He starred in ''[[Kama Sutra: A Tale of Love]]'' (1996),<ref name="tv"/> ''[[Mighty Joe Young (1998 film)|Mighty Joe Young]]'' (1998),<ref name="tv"/> and ''[[Bride and Prejudice]]'' (2004).<ref name="tv"/> He has also appeared in films such as ''[[Rollerball (2002 film)|Rollerball]]'' (2002), ''[[Planet Terror]]'' (2007),<ref name="tv"/> ''[[The Brave One (2007 film)|The Brave One]]'' (2007),<ref name="tv"/> and ''[[Diana (2013 film)|Diana]]'' (2013).<ref name="tv"/>

He was [[Jafar (Aladdin)|Jafar]] in the American fantasy drama ''[[Once Upon a Time in Wonderland]]'' (2013–14).<ref name="tv"/> In 2014, he provided the voice of Sabal in the video game ''[[Far Cry 4]]''.<ref name="tv"/> From 2015 to 2017, he starred in the series ''[[Sense8]]'',<ref name="tv"/> (created by [[The Wachowskis]] and [[J. Michael Straczynski]]) as Jonas. From 2018 to 2019, he co-starred as ex-MI6 and CIA officer Julian Cousins in the series ''[[Instinct (American TV series)|Instinct]]'',<ref name="tv"/> alongside [[Alan Cumming]] and [[Bojana Novakovic]]. In 2022 Andrews co-starred with [[Amanda Seyfried]] as Theranos COO Sunny Balwani in the [[Hulu]] limited series ''[[The Dropout]]''.<ref name="tv"/> In February 2025, it was announced that Andrews would voice the title role of [[Khan Noonien Singh]] in the scripted audio drama series ''[[Star Trek: Khan (audio drama series)|Star Trek: Khan]]''.<ref name="Feb2025Details">{{Cite web |last= |date=February 27, 2025 |title=Naveen Andrews and Wrenn Schmidt Cast in Star Trek: Khan |url=https://www.startrek.com/news/star-trek-khan-voice-cast-naveen-andrews-wrenn-schmidt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250228160304/https://www.startrek.com/news/star-trek-khan-voice-cast-naveen-andrews-wrenn-schmidt |archive-date=February 28, 2025 |access-date=March 1, 2025 |website=[[StarTrek.com]]}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Andrews's relationship with Geraldine Feakins lasted from 1985 to 1991. Their son, Jaisal Andrews, was born in 1992.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |first=Genevieve |last=Roberts |title=Naveen Andrews: 'At least I've been a good parent' |work=[[The Independent]] |date=1 July 2012 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/naveen-andrews-at-least-i-ve-been-a-good-parent-7901923.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-03-13 |archive-url= https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/naveen-andrews-at-least-ive-been-a-good-parent-7901923.html |archive-date=18 June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> He was later in a relationship with actress [[Barbara Hershey]] in [[Los Angeles]], starting in 1998. The couple separated briefly in 2005 and, during that time, Andrews had a son with [[Czechs|Czech]]-French actress Elena Eustache. He and Hershey later reconciled,<ref>{{cite news |author= |agency=[[Associated Press]] |title='Lost' star fathered child while separated |work=[[Today (American TV program)|Today]] |date=2006-01-06 |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/lost-star-fathered-child-while-separated-1c9482050 |access-date=2025-03-13}}</ref> but in 2010, they announced that they had separated.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jovie |last=Baclayon |title=Lost's Naveen Andrews Found in Splitsville |work=[[E! News]] |date=2010-05-31 |orig-date=30 May 2010 |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/183524/lost-s-naveen-andrews-found-in-splitsville |access-date=2025-03-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Jessica |last=Warren |title=Naveen Andrews Split - Lost Actor Announces Break Up with Barbara Hershey |website=nationalledger.com |date=30 May 2010 |url=http://www.nationalledger.com/pop-culture-news/naveen-andrews-split-lost-ac-591864.shtml |access-date=2025-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803132727/http://www.nationalledger.com/pop-culture-news/naveen-andrews-split-lost-ac-591864.shtml#.V6HxW2LP1qZ |archive-date=2016-08-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Andrews was in a long custody dispute with Eustache over their son, and on 7 January 2009, he was granted sole legal and physical custody.<ref>{{cite web |author= |title="Lost" Star Battles Baby Mama and Gets Kid |work=[[TMZ]] |date=2019-06-15 |orig-date=7 January 2009 |url=https://www.tmz.com/2009/01/07/lost-star-battles-baby-mama-and-gets-kid/ |access-date=2025-03-13}}</ref>

Andrews has spoken about his [[alcoholism]] and his two-year addiction to [[heroin]] in the mid-1990s. He has described an incident in which he collapsed on set and was treated by emergency services.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Beth |last=Hilton |title='Lost' star reveals heroin addiction |work=[[Digital Spy]] |department=ShowBiz |date=2006-02-01 |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/a88484/lost-star-reveals-heroin-addiction/ |access-date=2025-03-13}}</ref>

He plays guitar<ref>{{Cite web |first=Scott |last=Juba |title=Interview: Naveen Andrews |website=the-trades.com |date=2005-05-03 |url=http://www.the-trades.com/article.php?id=3178 |access-date=2025-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515082346/http://the-trades.com/article.php?id=3178 |archive-date=2013-05-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and sings, while [[tap dancing]] to his own tune as a hobby. He became a [[Naturalization|naturalised]] U.S. citizen on 27 May 2010.<ref>{{cite interview |subject-first=Naveen |subject-last=Andrews |interviewer-first=Luciana |interviewer-last=Morelli |title=Naveen Andrews al RFF: Sayid presenta il finale di Lost |lang=fur |trans-title=Naveen Andrews at RFF: Sayid presents the finale of Lost |website=movieplayer.it |date=2010-07-07 |url=https://movieplayer.it/articoli/naveen-andrews-al-rff-sayid-presenta-il-finale-di-lost_7058/ |access-date=2025-03-13 |quote=''...dal 27 maggio sono diventato cittadino americano...'' [... as of May 27, I became an American citizen...])}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Film===
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 1991
| ''[[London Kills Me]]''
| Bike
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1992
| ''[[Wild West (1992 film)|Wild West]]''
| Zaf
|
|-
| ''[[Double Vision (1992 film)|Double Vision]]''
| Jimmy
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1996
| ''[[Kama Sutra: A Tale of Love]]''
| Raj Singh
|
|-
| ''[[The English Patient (film)|The English Patient]]''
| Kip Singh
|
|-
| 1997
| ''[[True Love and Chaos]]''
| Hanif
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1998
| ''[[Bombay Boys]]''
| Krishna
|
|-
| ''[[Mighty Joe Young (1998 film)|Mighty Joe Young]]''
| Pindi
|
|-
| 1999
| ''Drowning on Dry Land''
| Darshan
|
|-
| 2000
| ''[[A Question of Faith (2000 film)|A Question of Faith]]''
| William
|
|-
| 2002
| ''[[Rollerball (2002 film)|Rollerball]]''
| Sanjay
|
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Easy (2003 film)|Easy]]''
| John Kalicharan
|
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Bride and Prejudice]]''
| Balraj
|
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Provoked (film)|Provoked: A True Story]]''
| Deepak Ahluwalia
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2007
| ''[[Grindhouse (film)|Grindhouse]]''
| Dr. John "Abby" Abbington
| Segment: ''[[Planet Terror]]''
|-
| ''[[The Brave One (2007 film)|The Brave One]]''
| Dr. David Kirmani
|
|-
| 2008
| ''Animals''
| Vic
|
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Diana (2013 film)|Diana]]''
| [[Hasnat Khan|Dr. Hasnat Khan]]
|
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Last Days (2025 film)|Last Days]]''
| Sonny
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 1993
| ''[[The Buddha of Suburbia (TV serial)|The Buddha of Suburbia]]''
| Karim Amir
| 4 episodes
|-
| 1996
| ''The Peacock Spring''
| Ravi Battacharya
| rowspan="3" | Television film
|-
| 1998
| ''[[My Own Country]]''
| Dr. Abraham Verghese
|-
| 2000
| ''The Chippendales Murder''
| [[Steve Banerjee]]
|-
| 2001
| ''[[The Beast (2001 TV series)|The Beast]]''
| Tamir Naipaul
| Episode: "The Price"
|-
| 2003
| ''Future Tense''
| Miles Gupta
| Unsold TV pilot
|-
| 2004–2010
| ''[[Lost (2004 TV series)|Lost]]''
| [[Sayid Jarrah]]
| 98 episodes
|-
| 2006
| ''[[The Ten Commandments (miniseries)|The Ten Commandments]]''
| Menerith
| Television film
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]]''
| Detective Ash Ramsey
| Episode: "Shadow"
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Sinbad (TV series)|Sinbad]]''
| Lord Akbari
| 7 episodes
|-
| 2013–2014
| ''[[Once Upon a Time in Wonderland]]''
| [[Jafar (Aladdin)|Jafar]]
| 13 episodes
|-
| 2015–2018
| ''[[Sense8]]''
| Jonas Maliki
| 18 episodes
|-
| 2018–2019
| ''[[Instinct (American TV series)|Instinct]]''
| Julian Cousins
| 21 episodes
|-
| 2022
| ''[[The Dropout]]''
| [[Sunny Balwani|Ramesh "Sunny" Balwani]]
| 8 episodes
|-
|2022
|''[[The Cleaning Lady (American TV series)|The Cleaning Lady]]''
|Robert Kamdar
|5 episodes
|-
|2024
|''[[Last King of the Cross]]''
|Ray Kinnock
|8 episodes
|-
|2024
|''[[The Pradeeps of Pittsburgh]]''
|Mahesh Pradeep
|8 episodes
|}

===Video games===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Far Cry 4]]''
| Sabal
|
|}

===Audio===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year!!Title!!Role!!class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
|2024
|''The Seneschal: A Rebel Moon Story''
|Grigory
|Main role
|-
|2025
|''[[Star Trek: Khan (audio drama series)|Star Trek: Khan]]''
|[[Khan Noonien Singh]]
|Main role
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! Year
! Association
! Category
! Project
! Result
! class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
|1996 || [[Screen Actors Guild Award]] || [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture|Outstanding Cast in a Motion Picture]] || ''[[The English Patient (film)|The English Patient]]'' || {{nom}} ||
|-
|2005 || [[Primetime Emmy Award]] || [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series|Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series]] || rowspan=3|''[[Lost (2004 TV series)|Lost]]'' || {{nom}} ||
|-
|2006 || [[Golden Globe Award]] || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film|Best Supporting Actor - Television]] || {{nom}} ||
|-
| 2006 || [[Screen Actors Guild Award]] || [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series|Outstanding Ensemble in a Drama Series]] || {{won}} ||
|-
| 2022 || [[2nd Hollywood Critics Association TV Awards|Hollywood Critics Association]] || [[2nd Hollywood Critics Association TV Awards|Best Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie]] || ''[[The Dropout]]'' || {{nom}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Andrews, Naveen}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century English male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century American male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century English male actors]]
[[Category:Actors from the London Borough of Lambeth]]
[[Category:Actors from the London Borough of Wandsworth]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama]]
[[Category:American male film actors]]
[[Category:American male television actors]]
[[Category:American male voice actors]]
[[Category:American people of Malayali descent]]
[[Category:British people of Malayali descent]]
[[Category:English emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:English male film actors]]
[[Category:English male television actors]]
[[Category:English male voice actors]]
[[Category:English people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Male actors from London]]
[[Category:People educated at Emanuel School]]
[[Category:People from Lambeth]]
[[Category:People from Wandsworth]]

Appellate Tribunal for Electricity

2026-01-20T19:49:23Z

Proctocure: new basic place added tags

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox Government agency
| headquarters = India
| parent_agency = [[Ministry of Power (India)]]
| website = {{url|https://aptel.gov.in/}}
}}
{{Courts of India}}

The '''Appellate Tribunal for Electricity''' in India is created as a [[statutory]] and [[Autonomy|autonomous]] body under the [[The Electricity Act, 2003|Electricity Act, 2003]] to hear complaints, appeals or original petitions against the orders of the State Regulatory Commission, The Central Regulatory Commission, Joint Commission or the Adjudicating officer.

== History ==

Appellate Tribunal for Electricity was formed under the Electricity Act, 2003 to hear complaints or appeals relating to orders issued by adjudicating officer or the Central Regulatory Commission and State Electricity Regulatory Commissions in the year 2005.<ref name="at5">{{cite news |title=Shri Piyush Goyal Applauds Role of Appellate Tribunal for Electricity |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/government-press-release/shri-piyush-goyal-applauds-role-of-appellate-tribunal-for-electricity-114111901313_1.html |access-date=26 March 2022 |publisher=Business Standard India |date=19 November 2014}}</ref> Any order passed by The Appellate Tribunal for Electricity is appealable before the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India if the issue is related to substantial questions of law.<ref name="at1">{{cite news |title=RK Verma is new Member-Technical in the Appellate Tribunal for Electricity |url=https://psuwatch.com/ravindra-kumar-verma-takes-charge-as-member-technical-in-the-appellate-tribunal-for-electricity |access-date=26 March 2022 |publisher=psuwatch.com |date=3 December 2018}}</ref>

== Composition ==

The Chairperson of the Appellate Tribunal for Electricity should be a sitting or retired judge of High Court or the Supreme court. The group of eminent members selected from all professions of life is formed to choose the Chairperson and members of the Tribunal.<ref name="at4">{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Nalini |title=Centre notifies new rules for appointment to 14 tribunals |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sc-centre-new-rules-appointment-tribunals-1853657-2021-09-16 |access-date=26 March 2022 |publisher=India Today |date=16 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

The Appellate Tribunal for Electricity includes a chairperson, one judicial member, and three technical members.<ref name="at7">{{cite news |title=Selection Panel recommends 3 names for APTEL Chairperson, position vacant for last 7 months |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/national/selection-panel-recommends-3-names-for-aptel-chairperson-position-vacant-for-last-7-months-727771 |access-date=26 March 2022 |publisher=thehansindia.com |date=4 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

Justice [[Ramesh Ranganathan]], Chairperson since 2 December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Chairperson {{!}} Appellate Tribunal For Electricity |url=https://aptel.gov.in/chairpersons |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402125111/https://aptel.gov.in/chairpersons |archive-date=2023-04-02 |access-date= |website=aptel.gov.in}}</ref>

The service period will be four years or attaining the age of superannuation, or issuance of orders for the appointment of a new Chairperson.<ref name="at8">{{cite news |title=Justice Manjula Chellur appointed Chairperson of Appellate Tribunal for Electricity |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/justice-manjula-chellur-appointed-chairperson-of-appellate-tribunal-for-electricity-1534159801-1 |access-date=27 March 2022 |publisher=Jagranjosh.com |date=13 August 2018}}</ref>

===List of Chairpersons (Appellate Tribunal For Electricity )===
List of Chairpersons:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Previous Chairpersons Members and Officers |url=https://www.aptel.gov.in/sites/default/files/uploads/Previous-Chairpersons-Members-and-Officers.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250427095605/https://www.aptel.gov.in/sites/default/files/uploads/Previous-Chairpersons-Members-and-Officers.pdf |archive-date=2025-04-27 |access-date=2026-01-20 |website=www.aptel.gov.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" style="clear:center"
!No.
!Name
! colspan="2" |Tenure
|-
|1
|Justice Anil Dev Singh
|2005
|2008
|-
|2
|Justice [[M. Karpaga Vinayagam]]
|2008
|2014
|-
|3
|Justice [[Ranjana Desai]]
|2014
|2017
|-
|_
|I.J. Kapoor (Officiating)
|2017
|2018
|-
|4
|Justice [[Manjula Chellur]]
|2018
|2021
|-
|_
|R.K. Verma (Officiating)
|2021
|2021
|-
|_
|Justice R.K. Gauba (Officiating)
|2021
|2022
|-
|5
|Justice [[Ramesh Ranganathan]]
|2022
|[[Incumbent]]
|}

== Powers ==

Following are powers<ref name="at6">{{cite news |title=Shri Piyush Goyal Applauds Role of Appellate Tribunal for Electricity |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/government-press-release/shri-piyush-goyal-applauds-role-of-appellate-tribunal-for-electricity-114111901313_1.html |access-date=26 March 2022 |publisher=Business Standard India |date=19 November 2014}}</ref>

* Any order of the Adjudicating officer or The Central Regulatory Commission or State Regulatory Commission or Joint Commission is appealable or petition against the same can be filed.

* Direct the central and state governments on the performance of their statutory duties.

== See also ==

* [[State Electricity Regulatory Commission (India)]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{official|https://aptel.gov.in}}

[[Category:Indian tribunals]]

Raghu Engineering College

2026-01-19T18:24:19Z

Proctocure: expand article per standard format also for clarity

{{Short description|Engineering college in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox University
|name = Raghu Engineering College
|native_name =
|latin_name =
|image_name =
|motto =
|established = 2001
|type = Autonomous
|endowment =
|staff =
|faculty = 200
|chairman = Raghu Kalidindi
|principal = Dr.Ch Srinivasu
|rector =
|chancellor =
|head_label =
|head =
|students = 3000+
|undergrad =
|postgrad =
|city =[[Bheemunipatnam]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
|state =[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|country =India
|campus = 50 acres, [[suburb]]
|colors =
|colours =
|mascot =
|nickname =REC
|affiliation =[[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University - Gurajada, Vizianagaram|JNTU-GV]]
|website =https://www.raghuenggcollege.com/
|postalcode=531162|language=English|vice-president=|native_name_lang=|parent=Raghu Educational Institutions, Visakhapatnam|image_alt=|image_upright=|free2=|top_free_label=|superintendent=|logo=}}
{{anchor|Departments}}

'''Raghu Engineering College''' (Autonomous) is an [[engineering college]] located in the outskirts of the city of [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. Established in 2001, it is situated on [[National Highway 43 (India)|NH-43]], 37 km away from Visakhapatnam and 15 km away from [[Vizianagaram]]. It is an AICTE, New Delhi approved engineering institution and is affiliated to [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University - Gurajada, Vizianagaram]]. The chairman is Kalidindi Raghu an academic.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Hans News|date=2019-04-29|title=Raghu Engineering College celebrates Achievers' Day|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/raghu-engineering-college-celebrates-achievers-day--525037|access-date=2021-07-19|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref>

The college is located in the suburbs of Dakamarri Village of [[Bheemunipatnam mandal]] in [[Visakhapatnam District]]. The {{convert|40|acre|m2|adj=on}} campus of Raghu Engineering College is home to the infrastructure, faculty and support facilities. While providing an on-campus residence for students, the college has its own transport facility from Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram and Bheemunipatnam for the day scholars.

Facilities include a library, computer labs for various purposes, separate CAM and CAD labs program guided machine operations and sports complex.

Raghu Engineering College Raghu institution of technology and Raghu college of pharmacy are situated in a same area and popularly called Raghu Educational institutions. The all over students are more than 7000+. Raghu Engineering College offers in streams like undergraduates in B.TECH and graduate in M.TECH.The intake of students in undergraduates as follows:

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Engineering colleges in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2001]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

List of Hindi films of 1937

2025-12-29T10:30:17Z

Proctocure: quick expand article for accuracy also and updated info for accuracy

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Bollywood films}}
A list of films produced by the [[Bollywood]] film industry based in [[Mumbai]] in 1937:

==1937==
Some of the notable films of 1937:

'''''[[Vidyapati (1937 film)|Vidyapati]]''''' was a biopic directed by [[Nitin Bose]] for [[New Theatres]]. It starred [[Pahari Sanyal]] as the [[Maithili language|Maithili]] poet and [[Vaishnava]] saint [[Vidyapati]].<ref name=Dwyer>{{cite book|last1=Dwyer|first1=Rachel|title=Filming the Gods: Religion and Indian Cinema|date=2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134380701|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZsKR1RKoJKUC&q=%22Vidyapati%22+1937+story&pg=PA73}}</ref> The bold songs of the film ensured crowds at the theatres making it a big success of 1937.<ref name=indiavideo>{{cite web|last1=Chandra, Balakrishnan|first1=Pali, Vijay Kumar|title=100 Years of Bollywood - Vidyapati 1937|url=http://www.indiavideo.org/cinema/vidyapati-7383.php|website=indiavideo.org|publisher=Invis Multimedia Pvt. Ltd.|access-date=23 July 2014}}</ref>

'''''[[Duniya Na Mane]]''''' ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]:''[[Kunku]]'') was a social film from [[Prabhat Film Company]] directed by [[V. Shantaram]]. It dealt with the issue of arranged marriage. The film did well in the theatres and according to [[Baburao Patel]] of ''[[Filmindia]]'' it "recorded better returns... than any other picture before".<ref name=Filmindia>{{cite journal|last1=Patel|first1=Baburao|title=Prabhat Film Co.|journal=Filmindia|date=Jan 1938|volume=3| issue = 9|pages=39|url=https://archive.org/stream/filmindia19373803unse#page/n117/mode/2up|access-date=23 July 2014}}</ref>

'''''[[President (1937 film)|President]]''''' was produced by [[New Theatres]] and directed by [[Nitin Bose]]. A love triangle with a social content it highlighted the plight of mill workers. The music was popular with a classic from Saigal, ''Ik Bangla Bane Nyaara''.<ref name=Dawar>{{cite book|last1=Dawar|first1=Ramesh|title=Bollywood: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow|date=2006|publisher=Star Publications|location=India|isbn=9781905863013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TO6Fmi8FraUC&q=President+film+K+L+Saigal&pg=RA1-PA70}}</ref>

'''''[[Kisan Kanya (1937 film)|Kisan Kanya]]''''' made by [[Ardeshir Irani]] of [[Alam Ara]] (1931) fame was the first colour film to be processed in India. The film however did not do well at the box office due to "a weak story".<ref name=Patel>{{cite journal|last1=Patel|first1=Baburao|title=Studio Rounds|journal=Filmindia|date=Feb 1938|volume=3|issue=10|pages=57|url=https://archive.org/stream/filmindia19373803unse#page/n197/mode/2up|access-date=23 July 2014}}</ref>

'''''[[Jeevan Prabhat]]''''' was a successful social film from [[Bombay Talkies]] directed by [[Franz Osten]].<ref name=NYT>{{cite news|last1=Crowe|first1=Jonathan|title=Jeevan Prabhat Overview|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/253926/Jeevan-Prabhat/overview|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808192558/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/253926/Jeevan-Prabhat/overview|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 August 2014|department=Movies & TV Dept.|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2014|access-date=23 July 2014}}</ref> It starred [[Kishore Sahu]] in his debut film with [[Devika Rani]] and [[Mumtaz Ali]].

==A-B==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
|''[[Adarsh Mahila]]''|| || Bashir, [[Leela Desai]], Noorjahan, Tara, [[Khalil (actor)|Khalil]], Aftab, Quiser, Mirza ||Social ||Ideal Films. Music: Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Aflatoon (1937 film)|Aflatoon]]''||Pesi Karani ||Rose, [[Khalil (actor)|Khalil]] ||Action ||Tollywood Studio. Music: Brijlal Varma Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Anath Ashram]]''||[[Hemchander Chunder]] ||[[Umasashi]], Najmul Hussain, [[Prithviraj Kapoor]], [[Trilok Kapoor]], Jagdish Sethi, Nawab, Nemo, Manorama Sr., Devbala, Kalyani Das ||Social Family Drama || [[New Theatres]] Music: [[R. C. Boral]] Lyrics: [[Kidar Sharma]]
|-
|''[[Asiai Sitara]]''||Haribhai Desai || [[Master Vithal]], Jenabai Pawar, Vasantrao Pehalwan, Dhulia, Krishnaswamy, Veena Devi, Minoo the Mystic, Ibrahim ||Action || Music: Master Mohammed Lyrics: Pandit Anuj
|-
|''[[Atma Tarang]]''||F. R. Irani || [[Sohrab Modi]], Prabha Devi, E. Tarapore, Firoz Dastur, Vasant Pahelwan, Gulzar, S. L. Puri ||Social || Sunrise Pictures Music: Habib Khan .Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Aurat Ki Zindagi]]''||F. R. Irani ||Jal Merchant, Zubeida, Rashid, Agha Jani, Mustafa ||Social ||Sunrise Pictures. Music: S. P. Rame, C. Solanki Lyrics: Munshi Salim
|-
|''[[Badhe Chalo]]''||[[Mohan Sinha]] ||Radharani, Sarla, [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]], Fakir Chand, [[Badri Prasad]], O. K. Dar, Ratanlal Khanjar ||Social ||Manmohan Pictures. Music: Badri Prasad Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Banke Sipahi]]''||R. N. Vaidya ||Bulbule, Manchi Tuthi, Shahjahan, Samson, Baburao, Kesari ||Costume Action ||Vaidya Productions. Music: Ghulam Mohammed Lyrics: Munshi Rabil
|-
|''[[Begunah (1937 film)|Begunah]]''||[[Gajanan Jagirdar]] ||[[Shahu Modak]], [[Sitara Devi]], Baburao Pendharkar, Rajani, Altekar, Panna ||Social ||Hans Pictures. Music: B. S. Hoogan Lyrics: Pandit Indra
|-
|''[[Bharat Ka Jiwan]]''||M. D. Shah ||Ghulam Hussain, Miss Pokhraj, Nurjahan, S. Alam, Putlibai, Patehsingh ||Action ||Vishwapati. Music: Chimanlal Shah Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Bismil Ki Arzoo]]''||B. S. Hijle ||[[Sardar Akhtar]], [[Ramola (actress)|Ramola]], Rafi Ahmed, Mirza, Tarabai ||Action ||U. P. Cinetone. Music: Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Bulldog (1937 film)|Bulldog]]''|| Dwarka Khosla || Yusuf Effendi, Indubala, Gope, Ashalata, Ramlal, Devaskar, Kashmiri ||Action || Daryani Production. Music: [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]] Lyrics: G. S. Akhtar
|-
|}

==C-D==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
|''[[Calcutta After Midnight]]''|| A. R. Kabuli ||[[Ramola (actress)|Ramola]], Brijrani, Shiraz, [[Sitara Devi]], Ghulam Qadir, Sher Ali, [[Zohra Sehgal]], A. R. Kabuli ||Suspense Drama ||Prince Movies. Music: A. R. Kabuli Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Capt. Kirti Kumar]]''|| C. M. Luhar || [[Motilal (actor)|Motilal]], [[Bibbo (actress)|Bibbo]], [[Yakub, (actor)|Yakub]], Krishna Kumari, [[V. H. Desai]], [[Bhudo Advani]] [[Ram Marathe]], Sankatha Prasad, Pesi Patel ||Action || Sagar Pictures. Music: Bhaskar Rao Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Chabuk Sawar]]''||M. Udwadia ||Gohar Karnataki, [[Amritlal Nagar]], Brijmala, Vijay Kumar, Bhim, Nurjahan, Sheelprabha, P. R. Joshi ||Action ||Jay Bharat. Music: Gohar Karnataki Lyrics: Gauri Shankarlal Akhtar
|-
|''[[Challenge (1937 film)|Challenge]]''||Balwant Bhatt ||[[Lalita Pawar]], [[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]], Rajkumari, Shirin, Lallubhai, Gulab, Jahangir, M. Zahur, Ismail ||Action ||Prakash Pictures. Music: Lallubhai Nayak Lyrics: Pandit Anuj
|-
|''[[Chevrolet 1936]]'' ||G. P. Pawar ||[[Lalita Pawar]], Madhav Kale, [[Bhagwan (actor)|Bhagwan]], Varne, B. Sohni, V. Mehta ||Action ||Purnima Pictures. Music: K. Yagnik Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Danger Signal (1937 film)|Danger Signal]]''||[[K. Amarnath]] ||[[Kumar (actor)|Kumar]], Nazir, Lalita, Masiah, Takle ||Action ||Mohan Pictures. Music: Annasaheb Mainkar Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Daulat (1937 film)|Daulat]]''||S. M. Yusuf || Harishchandra, Chandrarao Kadam, Mehar Sultana, [[Shah Nawaz (actor)|Shah Nawaz]], Usha Rani, Khatoon, Agha, Brijmala, S. M. Sadiq, Usha Rani ||Social || Harishchandra Art Production. Music: Mukherji Lyrics: Wahid Qureshi
|-
|''[[Dhanwan (1937 film)|Dhanwan]]''||[[Premankur Atorthy]] ||Rattanbai, [[W. M. Khan]], Jamshedji, Hafizji ||Social ||Imperial Pictures. Music: H. C. Bali Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Dharamaveer (1937 film)|Dharamaveer]]''||[[Master Vinayak]] ||Indira Wadkar, Master Vinayak, Ratnaprabha, Baburao Pendharkar, Javdekar, Datar ||Social ||Huns Pictures. Based loosely on [[Henrik Ibsen]] play: [[Samfundets Stotter]]. Music: Annasaheb Mainkar Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Dil Faroshi]]''||[[D. N. Madhok]] ||[[Ishwarlal (actor)|Ishwarlal]], Khatoon, [[Noor Mohammed Charlie|Charlie]], Malti, Ram Apte, Dilip ||Action ||[[Ranjit Studios]]. Music: Banne Khan Lyrics: D. N. Madhok
|-
|''[[Do Auratein]]'' a.k.a. Two Women || Moti Gidwani ||Padma Devi, Rose, [[Rafique Ghaznavi]], Ghulam Mohammed, Baba Vyas, Sayed Ahmed, Laxmi ||Social || Music: H. C. Bali Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Dukhiyari]]''||Manibhai Vyas ||Kokila, Madhukar Gupte, Firoza Begum, Devaskar, [[Amirbai Karnataki]], S. Nazir ||Social ||Daryani Productions. Music: [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]], Master Madhavlal Damodar Lyrics: G. S. Akhtar
|-
|''[[Duniya Na Mane]]''||[[V. Shantaram]] ||[[Shanta Apte]], Raja Nene, Vasanti, [[Shakuntala Paranjpye]], [[Keshavrao Date]], Vimla Vashishta, Master Chhotu, Karmarkar, Gauri ||Social Drama ||[[Prabhat Film Company]] Music: [[Keshavrao Bhole]] Lyrics: Munshi Aziz
|-
|}

==F-I==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
|''[[Fakhr-E-Islam]]''||[[Nanubhai Vakil]], Safdar Mirza || Khatoon, Gulam Sabir, [[Patience Cooper]], Rashida, Indu, Nurjahan ||Costume || Indira Movies. Music: Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Gangavataran]]''||Dada Phalke || Shanta Hublikar, Barchi Bahadur, Chitnis, Deshpande, Suresh, Bhagwat, Shankarrao Bhosle, Kusum Despande, Dongre, Ahmed Khan, Anusuya, Ibrahim ||Devotional ||Kolhapur Cinetone. Music: Phalke, Vishwanathbua Jadhav Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Gentleman Daku]]''||Ram Daryani ||[[Leela Chitnis]], Yusuf Effendi, [[Gope (actor)|Gope]], Kokila, Ramlal, [[Amirbai Karnataki]], Majid, Manek, Omkar ||Action ||Daryani Productions. Music: [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]] Lyrics: M. R. Kapoor
|-
|''[[Gulbadan]]''||K. Rathod ||Mehar Sultana, Ashiq Hussain, Bulbule, Himmatlal, Ansuya, Gulab, Kantilal, Fazlu, Samson, Miss Pokhraj ||Legend ||Vishnu Cine. Music: K. Panchigar Lyrics: Kabil Amritsari
|-
|''[[Guru Ghantal (1937 film)|Guru Ghantal]]''||Kikubhai Desai || ||Costume Action || Music: Lyrics:
|-
|''[[His Highness (1937 film)|His Highness]]''||Balwant Bhatt ||[[Sardar Akhtar]], [[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]], Shirin, Umakant, M. ahur, Lallubhai, Jahangir, Gulab, Ismail ||Action ||Prakash Pictures. Music: Shankar Rao, Lallubhai Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Hurricane Hansa]]''|| R. N. Vaidya ||[[Fearless Nadia]], [[John Cawas]], Sardar Mansur, Master Mohammed, [[Boman Shroff]], Dalpat, Sayani Atish, Husn Banu, Master Chotu, Minoo Cooper ||Action ||[[Wadia Movietone]]. Music: Master Mohammed Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Iman Farosh]]''||B. S. Rajhans ||[[Khursheed Bano|Khursheed]], Zebunissa, Prabhashankar, Bibijan, Balabhai, Shakir ||Action || Music: Mir Sahib Lyrics: [[Zia Sarhadi]]
|-
|''[[Insaaf (1937 film)|Insaaf]]''|| J. P. Advani || Yusuf Effendi, [[Leela Chitnis]], Ashalata, Gope, Indurani, Kashmiri, Omkar Devaskar, Prem Kumari, [[Amirbai Karnataki]], Ramlal ||Social || Daryani Production. Music: [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]] Lyrics: G. S. Akhtar
|-
|''[[Izzat (1937 film)|Izzat]]''||[[Franz Osten]] || [[Ashok Kumar]], [[Devika Rani]], [[Mumtaz Ali]], Vimla Kumari, Kamta Prasad, Manohar Ghatwal, P. F. Pithawala, M. Nazir, Amir Ali ||Costume Drama ||[[Bombay Talkies]] Music: [[Saraswati Devi (music director)|Saraswati Devi]] Lyrics: J. S. Kashyap
|-
|}

==J-K==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
|''[[Jagat Kesari]]''||[[Homi Master]] ||[[Dinshaw Billimoria]], Sulochana, [[Ruby Myers]], Ghulam Mohammed, Ghulam Rasool, Lakshmi, Jilloobai, Jumuna Sr, Jamshedji, Sayed Ahmed ||Costume ||Imperial Film Company. Music: Jamshedji, Khan Sahib Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Jagirdar (film)|Jagirdar]]''||[[Mehboob Khan]] ||[[Motilal (actor)|Motilal]], [[Surendra (actor)|Surendra]], [[Bibbo (actress)|Bibbo]], [[Yakub (actor)|Yakub]], Maya Devi, [[Ram Marathe]], [[Bhudo Advani]], Pesi Patel, [[Zia Sarhadi]], Sankatha Prasad ||Social || Sagar Pictures. Music: Anil Biswas Lyrics: Zia Sarhadi
|-
|''[[Jawahir-e-Hind (1937 film)|Jawahir-e-Hind]]''||Chunilal Parekh ||K. G. Rao, Rama Sashi, Sultan Alam, Nurjahan, Tarabai ||Social ||N. I. Movietone. Music: Shanti Kumar Lyrics: Munshi Asif
|-
|''[[Jeevan Prabhat]]''||[[Franz Osten]] ||[[Devika Rani]], [[Renuka Devi]], Maya Devi, [[Kishore Sahu]], [[Mumtaz Ali]], Vimla Devi, Chandraprabha, Tarabai, Saroj Borkar, Kamta Prasad, P. F. Pithawala ||Social Family Drama ||[[Bombay Talkies]] Music: [[Saraswati Devi (music director)|Saraswati Devi]] Lyrics: J. S. Kashyap
|-
|''[[Jeevan Jyoti (1937 film)|Jeevan Jyoti]]''||M. R. Kapoor ||Urmila Devi, R. L. Monge, Shakuntala Devi, Ghulam Qadir, Sunalini Devi, Gulzar, Firoza Begum, Gobind Ram ||Social ||Mohini Films. Music: [[Gobind Ram (composer)|Gobind Ram]] Lyrics: Wali Saheb
|-
|''[[Jeevan Swapna (1937 film)|Jeevan Swapna]]''||[[Jaddanbai]] ||[[Mehtab (actress)|Mehtab]], [[Sitara Devi]], A. Hussain, Marutirao, Shanta Devi, Anees Khatoon ||Social ||Sangeet Film Company. Music: Jaddanbai Lyrics: [[Pyare Lal Santoshi]]
|-
|''[[Kal Ki Baat]]''|| R. S. Choudhry || Rose, [[Surendra (actor)|Surendra]], Zebunissa, [[Durga Khote]] Jani Babu, Shakir, [[Mubarak (actor)|Mubarak]], Bibijan ||Costume || Music: Mir Sahib Lyrics: [[Zia Sarhadi]], N. P. Betaab
|-
|''[[Kala Bhoot]]''||A. M. Khan ||Navinchandra, Rajkumari, Gohar Karnataki, Bose, Bashir, Sofia, Razak, Ali ||Costume Suspense ||Indian Liberty. Music: Damodar Sharma Lyrics: A. M. Khan
|-
|''[[Khan Bahadur (film)|Khan Bahadur]]''||[[Sohrab Modi]] || Sohrab Modi, [[Naseem Banu]], [[Prem Adib]], E. Tarapore, Sharifa, Sadiq Ali, Sheela, ||Social ||[[Minerva Movietone]]. Music: B. S. Hoogan Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Khudai Khidmatgar (1937 film)|Khudai Khidmatgar]]''||Vithaldas Panchotia || [[Mazhar Khan (actor, born 1905)|Mazhar Khan]], Rampyari, [[Khalil (actor)|Khalil]], V. Panchotia, Radharani, Shyam Sunder, Sarla Devi, A. R. Pehalwan, Fida Hussain, Jaishankar Pehalwan, ||Action ||Bharat Laxmi Pictures. Music: Nagardas Nayak Lyrics: Tanveer Naqvi
|-
|''[[Khwab Ki Duniya]]''||[[Vijay Bhatt]] ||[[Sardar Akhtar]], [[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]], Shirin Banu, Madhav Marathe, Umakant, Zahur, Ismail, Lallubhai ||Fantasy ||Prakash Pictures. Music: Lallubhai Naik Lyrics: Pandit Anuj
|-
|''[[Kisan Kanya]]''||M. Gidwani ||Padma Devi, Ghulam Mohammed, Sayed Ahmed, [[Jilloobai]], Nissar, Gani ||Social ||Imperial Pictures. First colour film processed in India (Sairandhari (1933) was processed in Germany) Music: Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Kiski Pyari]]'' a.k.a. ''Whose Love?''||Akhtar Nawaz || Jal Merchant, [[Zubeida Begum|Zubeida]], Premlata, [[Khalil (actor)|Khalil]], Ghulam Hussain, Noor Jehan, Akhtar Nawaz, Anees Khatoon, Aghajan, Bittanbai ||Social ||Sunrise Pictures. Music: Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Kokila (1937 film)|Kokila]]''||[[Sarvottam Badami]] ||[[Motilal (actor)|Motilal]], [[Shobhana Samarth]], [[Sitara Devi]], Sabita Devi, Maya Bannerji, Kayam Ali, Sankatha Prasad, Siddiqi ||Social ||Sagar Movietone. Music: [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]] Lyrics: Siddiqi
|-
|''[[Kuldeepak (1937 film)|Kuldeepak]]''||A. M. Khan ||Shiraz, Gohar Karnataki, F. M. Khan, Garib Shah, [[Rafique Ghaznavi]], [[Anwari Begum|Anwaribai]], Almas, Bibijan ||Social Family Drama ||Mohan Pictures. Music: Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Kulvadhu (film)|Kulvadhu]]''||[[Sarvottam Badami]] ||[[Motilal (actor)|Motilal]], Sabita Devi, Gulzar, Pesi Patel, Pande, Jamu Patel ||Social ||Sagar Pictures. Music: Pransukh M. Nayak Lyrics: Siddiqui
|-
|}

==L-M==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
|''[[Lahiri Lutera]]''||Nagendra Majumdar ||Navinchandra, Vatsala Kumtekar, Uma Devi, Marutirao, Amritlal Nagar, Sofia, Roshan, Bhim, Bose ||Action ||Navin Pictures. Music: Damodar Sharma Lyrics: [[Khalil (actor)|Khalil]]
|-
|''[[Mahageet]]''|| Hiren Bose || [[Surendra (actor)|Surendra]], Maya Bannerjee, [[Sitara Devi]], Sankatha Prasad, Pesi Patel, Hiren Bose, Ashalata, Kayam Ali, Kashmiri, [[Bhudo Advani]], Gulzar, Siddiqui ||Social Romantic Musical || [[Sagar Movietone]]. Music: [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]] Lyrics: [[Zia Sarhadi]]
|-
|''[[Mandir (film)|Mandir]]''||[[Abdul Rashid Kardar]] || [[Dhiraj Bhattacharya]], Rajkumari, Anees Khatoon, A. R. Pahelwan, Agha, Mahmood Shah, Akhtar Nawaz ||Devotional ||Shankar Talkies Corporation. Music: Ramzan Khan Lyrics: Manjar Hashiri
|-
|''[[Mere Lal]]''||Gunjal ||Pramila, [[Anant Marathe]], [[Ram Marathe]], [[W. M. Khan]], [[Rafiqe Ghaznavi]], Jamshedji, [[Jilloobai]], Mukhtar, Ghulam Rasool, Sayed Ahmed, Rustom Poonawala ||Social ||Imperial Pictures. Music: H. C. Bali, Ram Gopal Pande Lyrics: Kabil Amritsari
|-
|''[[Meri Bhool]]''||Shaily Ghosh ||Navin Yagnik, Indurani, Paresh Bannerjee, Kokila, Shivrani, Nayampalli, Leela Pawar ||Social ||Tara Films. Music: Shivrani Ghosh Lyrics: Pandit Indra
|-
|''[[Milap (1937 film)|Milap]]'' ||[[Abdul Rashid Kardar]] || [[Prithviraj Kapoor]], [[Mazhar Khan (actor, born 1905)|Mazhar Khan]], Indira Devi, [[Yakub (actor)|Yakub]], Bimla Kumari, Devbala, Ram Pyari, M. Esmail ||Costume || Moti Mahal Theatres. Music: [[K. C. Dey]] Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Mitti Ka Putla]]''||[[Jayant Desai]] ||Madhuri, [[E. Billimoria]], [[Noor Mohammed Charlie|Charlie]], [[Ishwarlal (actor)|Ishwarlal]], Anees Khatoon, Ghory, Bhupatrai, Keki Bawa, Shanta Devi || || Music: Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Modern Lady (1937 film)|Modern Lady]]''||Jyotish Mukherjee ||Ram Dulari, Mohammed Hussain, Chandra, Hashmat ||Action ||Kali Films. Music: Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Modern Youth]]''||D. T. Shivdasani ||Navin Yagnik, Hansa Wadkar, Benjamin, Sarla, S Nasir, Dina Nath ||Action ||Golden Eagle. Music: Sundardas Bhatia Lyrics: Gauri Shankar Lal 'Akhtar'
|-
|''[[Moti Ka Haar]]''||[[Jaddanbai]] ||[[Mehtab (actress)|Mehtab]], Ashiq Hussain, Anita Devi, Baby [[Nargis]], Shamlal, P. L. Santoshi ||Social ||Sangeet Movietone. Music: Jaddanbai Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Mr. 420 (1937 film)|Mr. 420]]''||Sorabji Kerawala ||Indubala, Akbar, Manjar, Sorabji Kerawala, Abdulla, Anwaribai, Nurjahan ||Action ||Star Films. Music: Chhailaram Solanki Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Mukti (1937 film)|Mukti]]''||[[P.C. Barua]] ||P. C. Barua, [[Kanan Devi]], Nawab, Menaka Devi, Sailen Chowdhary, Jadish Sethi, Pankaj Mullick, Bikram Kapoor, Prafulla Roy, Devbala, Amar Mullick ||Social Family Drama ||[[New Theatres]]. Music: [[Pankaj Mullick]] Lyrics: Arzu Lucknavi
|-
|}

==N-P==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
|''[[Naujawan (1937 film)|Naujawan]]''||Aspi Irani || Husn Banu, Gulshan, Harishchandra Rao, Miya Allavally, Minoo The Mystic ||Action || [[Wadia Movietone]]. Music: Master Mohammed Lyrics:
|-
|''[[New Searchlight]]''||Homi Master ||[[D. Billimoria]], Jilloobai, Sulochana, Jamshedji, Ghulam Mohammed, Rustom Poonawala, Ghulam Rasool ||Social ||Imperial Music: Hakim Shahid, Munshi Shahid Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Nishan-e-Jung]]''||A. R. Kabuli ||Zebunissa, Abdul Rehman Kabuli, Shiraz Moti, S. Alam, Haroon, Gulab ||Action ||Prince Movies. Music: Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Parakh (1937 film)|Parakh]]''||Baburao Apte ||Indira Wadkar, Rajkumari, Madhav Kale, Baby Noor Jehan, Nurjahan, M. Ghatwai ||Action ||Dwarka Pictures. Music: B. S. Hoogan Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Pardesi Pankhi]]''||[[Chandulal Shah]] || [[E. Billimoria]], [[Gohar Mamajiwala]], Shanta, [[Ishwarlal (actor)|Ishwarlal]], Khatoon, [[Dixit (actor)|Dixit]], [[Noor Mohammed Charlie|Charlie]], Ghory, Bhupatrai ||Action || [[Ranjit Studios|Ranjit Pictures]]. Music: Bannekhan Lyrics: Narayan Prasad Betaab
|-
|''[[Pratibha (1937 film)|Pratibha]]''||[[Baburao Painter]] ||[[Durga Khote]], [[Keshavrao Date]], [[Raja Paranjpe]], [[Hirabai Barodekar]], Vishnupant, Aundhkar, V. S. Jog, Master Shyam, Miss Heera, S. D. Danve ||Costume Drama ||Shalini Cinetone. Music: [[Govindrao Tembe]] Lyrics: Pandit Anand Kumar
|-
|''[[Prem Kahani (1937 film)|Prem Kahani]]''||[[Franz Osten]] ||[[Ashok Kumar]], Madhurika, Maya Devi, [[Mumtaz Ali]], Vimala Devi, N. M. Joshi, P. F. Pithawala, Saroj Borkar, Manohar Ghatwani, Chandraprabha, Kamta Prasad ||Social ||[[Bombay Talkies]]. Music: [[Saraswati Devi (music director)|Saraswati Devi]] Lyrics: J. S. Kashyap
|-
|''[[Prem Yatra]]''||Prafulla Roy ||[[Khursheed Bano|Khursheed]], [[Wasti (actor)|Wasti]], Mayuri, Leelavati, [[Rafique Ghaznavi]], [[Mubarak (actor)|Mubarak]], Mirza Musharraf, Vidya Devi ||Social ||New Orient. Music: Q. S. Zahoor Lyrics: [[Hakim Ahmad Shuja]]
|-
|''[[Premveer]]''||[[Master Vinayak]] || Vinayak, Ashalata, D. S. Salvi, Pethkar, Gharpure, Kashmiri, Phiroze, B. Pawar ||Romantic Comedy || Huns Pictures. Music: Annashib Mainkar Lyrics: Pandit Indra
|-
|''[[President (1937 film)|President]]''||[[Nitin Bose]] || [[K. L. Saigal]], [[Leela Desai]], Kamlesh Kumari, Jagdish Sethi, Bikram Kapoor, Devbala, Nawab ||Social ||[[New Theatres]]. Ek Bangla Bane Niyaara. Music: [[Pankaj Mullick]], [[R. C. Boral]] Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Punjab Lancers]]''||Homi Master, Narayan Devare || [[Fatma Begum]], Laxmi, Urmila, Kanta, Ghulam Rasool, Master Nissar, Kapi, Ebrahim, Sayed Ahmed, Chemist, Asooji, Master Madhavlal Damodar ||Action || Imperial Film Company Music: Master Madhavlal Lyrics:
|-
|}

==Q-S==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
|''[[Qazzak Ki Ladki]]''|| Sultan Mirza || [[Surendra (actor)|Surendra]], [[Bibbo (actress)|Bibbo]], Dattu, D. P. Rai, Verman, Iftekhar, Sushila, Sarla, Sadiqe, Kashmiri, Mirza Musharraf ||Costume || Rainbow Films. Music: Ishrat Sultana Lyrics: Dr. Samad
|-
|''[[Sagar Ka Sher]]''||[[Yakub (actor)|Yakub]] || Yakub, [[Bibbo (actress)|Bibbo]], [[Ram Marathe]], Kayam Ali, [[David (actor)|David]], Sankatha Prasad, Pesi Patel, Mehdi Raja, Zaverbhai, Pande || ||Sagar Pictures. Music: Pransukh Nayak Lyrics: Waqif
|-
|''[[Samaj Patan]]''||Prafulla Roy ||[[Ahindra Choudhury]], Indubala, R. P. Kapoor, Devbala, D. Sarkari ||Social ||Bharat Lakshmi. Music: Nagardas Naik Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Saqi (1937 film)|Saqi]]''||J. P. Advani ||[[P. Jairaj]], [[Khursheed Bano|Khursheed]], Kashinath, Kamalakar, Jena, [[Hari Shivdasani]] ||Action ||Variety Pictures. Music: Sunderdas Bhatia Lyrics: Munshi Jilani Sham
|-
|''[[Sarojini (1937 film)|Sarojini]]''||T. G. Lalwani ||Rajkumari, [[Mubarak (actor)|Mubarak]], Moti, Nurjahan, [[Zohra Sehgal]], Fatty Prasad, [[Hamida Banu (singer)|Hamida Banu]] ||Social ||Vinset Pictures. Music: [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]] Lyrics: M. R. Kapoor
|-
|''[[Sati Pingala]]''||D. K. Kale ||Indira Wadkar, Kusum Deshpande, Kelkar, Raja Pandit, Pathak ||Devotional || Music: R. S. Pathak Lyrics: Pandit Indra
|-
|''[[Savitri (1937 film)|Savitri]]''||[[Franz Osten]] ||[[Ashok Kumar]], [[Devika Rani]], [[Mumtaz Ali]], Sunita Devi, Maya Devi, Kamta Prasad, Saroj Borkar, M. Nazir, Susheela, Tarabai, Chandraprabha, P. F. Pithawala ||Mythology Legend ||[[Bombay Talkies]]. Music: [[Saraswati Devi (music director)|Saraswati Devi]] Lyrics: J. S. Kashyap
|-
|''[[Shadi Ka Mamla]]''||Mamam Warerkar ||[[Hansa Wadkar]], [[Baburao Pendharkar]], Master Chhotu ||Social ||M. Thakker. Music: Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Shama Parwana (1937 film)|Shama Parwana]]''||[[D. N. Madhok]] ||[[Ishwarlal (actor)|Ishwarlal]], Madhuri, Bhupat Rai, Dixit, [[Noor Mohammed Charlie|Charlie]], Usharani, Kesari, Dilip (Nazir) ||Social ||Ranjit Movietone Music: Banne Khan Lyrics: [[Zia Sarhadi]]
|-
|''[[Sharafi Loot]]''||[[D. N. Madhok]] ||[[Ishwarlal (actor)|Ishwarlal]], Khatoon, Ghory, [[Noor Mohammed Charlie|Charlie]], [[Dixit (actor)|Dixit]], Ram Apte, Bhupatrai ||Action ||Ranjit Movietone. Music: Rewashankar Lyrics: D. N. madhok
|-
|''[[Sinhaldweep Ki Sundari (1937 film)|Sinhaldweep Ki Sundari]]''||Kikubhai Desai ||Sardar Mansur, Navinchandra, Ali, Mirajkar, Meharunnisa, Bacha, Gohar Karnataki, Shahzadi, Ali ||Action ||Indian Liberty. Music: Damodar Sharma Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Swaraj Ke Sipahi]]''||Mohan Singh ||Radharani, Snehlata, O. K. Dhar, Shyam Sunder, Fakir Mohammed, [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]], Munshi Khanjar ||Action ||Murli Pictures. Music: Badri Prasad Lyrics:
|-
|}

==T-Z==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
|''[[Taranhar]]''||Kikubhai Desai ||Gohar Karnataki, Ibrahim, Bachcha, Nurjahan, Mansur, Mehrunisa, Ali, Bose ||Action ||Indian Liberty. Music: Damodar Sharma Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Toofani Tarzan]]''||[[Homi Wadia]] || Gulshan, [[John Cawas]], Nazira, [[Boman Shroff]], Dalpat, Dilawar, [[Chandrashekhar]] ||Action Adventure ||[[Wadia Movietone]] Music: Master Mohammed Lyrics: Pandit Gyan Chandra
|-
|''[[Toofani Khazana]]''||G. K. Mehta ||[[P. Jairaj]], Urmila Devi, [[Shah Nawaz (actor)|Shah Nawaz]], Gulab, Dinkar, Yusuf, Bahi Desa, Aspi ||Action ||Firdausi Pics. Music: Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Toofani Toli]]'' a.k.a. ''Reckless Rogues''||[[Jayant Desai]] ||[[E. Billimoria]], Madhuri, [[Ishwarlal (actor)|Ishwarlal]], [[Dixit (actor)|Dixit]], Ghory, Anees Khatoon, [[Waheedan Bai]], Ram Apte, Shahjahan, Kalyani Das, Bhupatrai, Kantilal ||Action ||[[Ranjit Studios|Ranjit Film Co]]. Music: (Jnan Dutt) [[Gyan Dutt]] Lyrics: [[Pyare Lal Santoshi]]
|-
|''[[Usne Kya Socha]]''||I. S. Hafisji ||Ratanbai, [[W. M. Khan]], [[Rafique Ghaznavi]], [[Anant Marathe]], Baby [[Suraiya]], Rustom Poonawala, Jamshedji, Mukhtar, Asooji ||Social ||Imperial Film Company. Music: H. C. Bali Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Vanraj Kesari]]''||Dhirubhai Desai ||Ansuya, Ashiq Hussain, Bulbule, Kantilal, Himmatlal, Aruna Devi, P. R. Joshi, Fazlu, Samson ||Costume ||Vishnu Cinetone. Music: Ali Hasan Javed Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Vidyapati (1937 film)|Vidyapati]]''||[[Debaki Bose]] ||[[Leela Desai]] [[Prithviraj Kapoor]], [[Pahari Sanyal]], [[Kanan Devi]], [[K. N. Singh]], Rampyari, Chhaya Devi, [[K. C. Dey]], Nemo, Kidar Sharma, Mohammed Ishaq ||Biopic Drama || New Theatres. Music: [[R. C. Boral]] Lyrics: [[Kidar Sharma]]
|-
|''[[Wahan]]''||K. N. Kale ||[[Leela Chitnis]], [[Chandra Mohan (Hindi film actor)|Chandra Mohan]], [[Shanta Apte]], Prahlad, [[Vasant Desai]], [[Ulhas (actor)|Ulhas]], Aruna Devi, Master Chhotu ||Costume ||[[Prabhat Film Company]]. Music: Master Krishnarao Lyrics: Pt. Narottam Vyas
|-
|''[[Wah Ri Duniya]]''||Gunjal ||Sulochana ([[Ruby Myers]]), [[D. Billimoria]], Ghulam Mohammed, Lakshmi, Asooji, Sayed Ahmed, Jumna, Baba Vyas ||Action || Music: Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Zambo The Ape Man]]''||M. Bhavnani ||Navin Yagnik, Sarla, Indira Wadkar, Salvi, Ghulam Qadir, [[Noor Mohammed Charlie|Charlie]], D. S. Salvi, [[David (actor)|David]], Nayampalli ||Action ||Bhavnani Productions. Music: Badri Prasad Lyrics: Badri Prasad
|-
|''[[Zamin Ka Chand]]''||[[Jayant Desai]] ||Madhuri, [[E. Billimoria]], [[Ishwarlal (actor)|Ishwarlal]], Ghory, Bhupatrai, [[Dixit (actor)|Dixit]], Ram Apte ||Social ||[[Ranjit Studios|Ranjit Pictures]]. Music: Banne Khan Lyrics: Arzu Lucknavi
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.imdb.com/search/title?at=0&countries=in&sort=moviemeter,asc&title_type=feature&year=1937 Bollywood films of 1937] at the [[IMDb]]

{{Bollywood|horiz}}
{{1937 films}}
{{Indian film list|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Lists of Hindi films by year|1937]]
[[Category:Lists of 1937 films by language|Hindi]]
[[Category:1937 in Indian cinema|Films, Bollywood]]

Venkitesh V. P.

2025-12-26T12:56:55Z

Proctocure:

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox actor
| name = Venkitesh V. P.
| image = Venkyvp.jpg
| birth_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], India
| father = Pichumani
| mother = Tharakumari
| occupation = Actor, television personality
| years_active = 2014–present
| organization = Suda Suda Idli
}}

'''Venkitesh V.P.''' (also known as Venki) is an Indian actor and television personality known for his work in [[Malayalam cinema]] and television.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who Is Venkitesh VP? Actor Who Played Murugan In Vijay Deverakonda's Kingdom movie |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/who-is-venkitesh-vp-actor-who-played-murugan-in-vijay-deverakondas-kingdom-worked-with-mammootty-in-the-priest-article-152390664/amp|website=Times Now|access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kingdom Venkitesh VP: 'కింగ్‌డమ్' ట్రైలర్‌లో విజయ్ దేవరకొండనే డామినేట్ చేసిన విలన్? ఎవరీ వెంకటేశ్ వీపీ! ఏ సినిమాలు తీశాడో తెలుసా...|url=https://telugu.timesnownews.com/entertainment/who-is-venkitesh-vp-from-kingdom-trailer-dominated-vijay-deverakonda-and-satyadev-with-his-looks-article-152356551/amp|website=Times Now|access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref> He gained recognition as a contestant on the reality show ''[[Nayika Nayakan]]'' and has appeared in multiple Malayalam films, including his Telugu film debut ''[[Kingdom (2025 film)|Kingdom]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Venkitesh as 'Murugan' against 'Suri'? Vijay Deverakonda's 'Kingdom' trailer viral|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/mobile/news.php?id=1580866&u=venkitesh-as-murugan-against-suri-vijay-deverakondas-kingdom-trailer-viral-1580866|website=Kerala Kaumudi|access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Venkitesh VP saying 'Kingdom is the first film that opened the caravan door for me' after 9 years is proof that hard work pays off|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/venkitesh-vp-kingdom-is-first-film-that-opened-caravan-door-for-me/fb7d67fb7c520|website=OTTPlay|access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref>

==Early life==
Venkitesh was born on August 9, 1993, to Pichumani, a Malayali-Tamil [[Brahmin]], and Tharakumari, a [[Nair|Malayali Nair]] housewife,<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BU-6wgWP-ZU |title=#NayikaNayakan l Venkadesh in Aham round I Mazhavil Manorama |date=2018-08-14 |last=Mazhavil Manorama |access-date=2025-09-09 |via=YouTube}}</ref> in Westfort Sreevaraham, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, adjacent to the [[Padmanabhaswamy Temple|Sri Padmanabha Swami temple]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BU-6wgWP-ZU |title=#NayikaNayakan l Venkadesh in Aham round I Mazhavil Manorama |date=2018-08-14 |last=Mazhavil Manorama |access-date=2025-09-09 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

==Career==

===Television===
Venkitesh rose to prominence as a contestant in the Malayalam reality show ''[[Nayika Nayakan]]'' (2018) aired on [[Mazhavil Manorama]], where he was noted for his comedic skills.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|title=Nayika Nayakan Grand Finale: Venkitesh bags the best comedian title|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/nayika-nayakan-grand-finale-venkitesh-bags-the-best-comedian-title/articleshow/66243936.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=1 August 2025}}</ref>
He later appeared as a co-host on ''[[Udan Panam|Udan Panam season 5]]'' on [[Mazhavil Manorama]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=അയ്യോ വെങ്കീ ഇങ്ങനെ നീ കരയല്ലേ, കരയിക്കല്ലേ; അവരെ ആദ്യം ഓടിക്കണം; ആൺകുട്ടി കരഞ്ഞാൽ എന്താണ്|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-news/udan-panam-venkitesh-crying-video-social-media-shared-their-opinion-on-his-emotions/articleshow/109767955.cms|website=Samayam|access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref>

===Film===
Venkitesh began his acting career with small roles in Malayalam films such as ''[[Velipadinte Pusthakam]]'' (2017), ''[[Odiyan]]'' (2018), and ''[[Thattumpurath Achuthan]]'' (2018).<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web|title=Chasing a filmy dream|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/181018/chasing-a-filmy-dream.html|website=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=1 August 2025}}</ref><ref name="auto8">{{Cite web|title=Who is Venkitesh VP? Meet the Malayalam reality show star making his Telugu debut|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/who-is-venkitesh-vp-meet-the-malayalam-reality-show-star-making-his-telugu-debut-with-vijay-deverakondas-kingdom/articleshow/123002830.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=1 August 2025}}</ref>
He played one of the leads in ''[[Stand Up (2019 film)|Stand Up]]'' (2019).<ref name="auto2">{{cite web |url=https://tv.mathrubhumi.com/en/news/movies-and-music/su-1.35136 |work=Mathrubhumi |title=Actor Venkitesh Talks About His Movie 'Stand Up' |date=24 July 2020 }}</ref> In 2021, he appeared in supporting roles in ''[[The Priest (2021 film)|The Priest]]'' and ''[[Kho-Kho]]''.<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|title=What Nayika Nayakan contestants are doing now|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/malavika-krishnadas-to-venkitesh-heres-what-nayika-nayakan-contestants-are-doing-now/photostory/101613267.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=1 August 2025}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|title=Venkitesh happy to act again with Rajisha Vijayan|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/celebrity-news/actor-venkitesh-vp-talks-about-his-latest-release-kho-kho-movie/articleshow/82064004.cms|website=Samayam Malayalam|access-date=1 August 2025}}</ref>
In 2023, he appeared in ''[[Lovefully Yours Veda]]''.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|title=Lovefully Yours Veda – Review|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2023/Mar/03/lovefully-yours-veda-movie-review-a-mundane-attempt-to-rekindle-nostalgia-40615.html|website=Cinema Express|access-date=1 August 2025}}</ref>
He made his Telugu debut in 2025 with the film ''[[Kingdom (2025 film)|Kingdom]]'' playing the antagonist.<ref name="auto7">{{Cite web|title=Who is Venkitesh VP? A Malayali actor making his Telugu debut|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/who-is-venkitesh-kingdom-actor-from-kerala-who-wants-to-be-a-star-acted-with-mammootty-runs-idli-food-truck-101753775441317.html|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=1 August 2025}}</ref>

===Other ventures===
In 2024, Venkitesh co-founded a startup named Suda Suda Idli in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] and now in [[Calicut]] (2nd Branch), Kerala, along with a group of friends. The initiative, which began as a street [[food truck]] with variety combination of [[Idli]] near the [[Sree Padmanabha Swamy Temple]], gained media attention for its unique concept and for Venkitesh's active involvement in the operations.<ref>{{cite web |title=ഏറ്റവും ഡിമാന്റ് സോയ ഇഡ്ഡലിയ്ക്ക്, നല്ല ഭക്ഷണം നൽകിയാൽ മാത്രമേ ആളുകൾ വരൂ ; മനസ് തുറന്ന് വെങ്കി|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/food/actor-venkitesh-new-idli-shop-suda-suda-idli-success-story-sq4h8o |website=Asianet News |access-date=2 August 2025 |language=ml}}</ref>

==Filmography==

* ''All films are in [[Malayalam]]-language, unless otherwise noted.''

{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Title !! Role
!Notes!! class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2014 || ''Mizhi Thurakku'' ||
| ||
|-
| 2015 || ''Ammakkoru Tharattu'' ||
| ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Velipadinte Pusthakam]]'' || College student
| ||<ref>{{Cite web|title=Venkitesh VP: Netizens call the Kingdom star a 'showstealer'; Here's all about the Malayalam actor who owns an idli stall|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/venkitesh-vp-netizens-call-the-kingdom-star-a-showstealer-heres-all-about-the-malayalam-actor-who-owns-an-idli-stall/168a4aa725359|website=OTTPlay|access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018 || ''[[Odiyan]]'' || Villager
| ||<ref>{{Cite web|title=Venkitesh VP movies to watch on OTT if you liked him in Vijay Deverakonda's Kingdom|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/venkitesh-vp-movies-to-watch-on-ott-if-you-liked-him-in-vijay-deverakonda-kingdom/3e66b6f62f9|website=OTTPlay|access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thattumpurath Achuthan]]'' || Devotional singer
| ||<ref name="auto8" />
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Stand Up (2019 film)|Stand Up]]'' || Amal
| ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/movies/movie-interviews/stand-movie-actor-venkitesh-movie-interviews/654672 |work=Madhyamam |title=എല്ലാം കൊണ്ടും 'സ്റ്റാൻഡ് അപ്' അടിപൊളിയാണ് -വെങ്കിടേഷ് |date=14 December 2019 |language=Malayalam |access-date=10 May 2023 |archive-date=22 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522122306/https://www.madhyamam.com/movies/movie-interviews/stand-movie-actor-venkitesh-movie-interviews/654672 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021 || ''[[The Priest (2021 film)|The Priest]]'' || Siddharth
| ||<ref>{{Cite web|title=Teaser of Mammootty starrer 'The Priest' is out, engaging sneak peak of horror to come
|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/mobile/news.php?id=472657&u=teaser-of-mammootty-starrer-the-priest-is-out-engaging-sneak-peak-of-horror-to-come|website=Kerala Kaumudi|access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kho-Kho (2021 film)|Kho-Kho]]'' || Ben
| ||<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajisha Vijayan's 'Kho Kho' to hit theatres on April 14
|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/movie-8a7ad282|website=Mathrubhumi News|access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
|2022 || ''Viral Sebi'' ||
| ||<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vidhu Vincent completes shooting Viral Sebi
|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2021/Oct/18/vidhu-vincent-completes-shooting-viral-sebi-27351.html|website=Cinema Express|access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
|2023 || ''[[Lovefully Yours Veda]]'' || Jeevanlal
| ||<ref>{{Cite web|title=Venkitesh is comrade Jeevan Lal in Lovefully Yours Veda, watch teaser
|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/Jan/30/venkitesh-is-comrade-jeevan-lal-in-lovefully-yours-veda-watch-teaser-39433.html|website=Cinema Express|access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Rebel (2024 film)|Rebel]]'' || Antony
|Debut [[Tamil film]] ||<ref>{{Cite web|title=GV Prakash & Mamitha Baiju's Rebel trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/gv-prakash-mamitha-baijus-rebel-trailer/articleshow/108397194.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Kingdom (2025 film)|Kingdom]]'' || Murugan
|Debut [[Telugu film]]||<ref>{{Cite web|title='Deadly actor, ferocious eyes'; Vijay Deverakonda showers praise on Malayali actor Venkitesh|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/mobile/news.php?id=1579736&u|website=Kerala Kaumudi|access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref><ref name="Actor Venkitesh VP on playing the villain in Vijay Devarakonda-starrer ‘Kingdom’">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Actor Venkitesh VP on playing the villain in Vijay Devarakonda-starrer ‘Kingdom’ |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/actor-venkitesh-vp-on-playing-the-villain-in-vijay-devarakonda-starrer-kingdom/article69893226.ece |access-date=6 August 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=5 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250806175921/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/actor-venkitesh-vp-on-playing-the-villain-in-vijay-devarakonda-starrer-kingdom/article69893226.ece |archive-date=6 August 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Who is Venkitesh VP? Meet the Malayalam reality show star making his Telugu debut with Vijay Deverakonda's 'Kingdom'">{{cite news |title=Who is Venkitesh VP? Meet the Malayalam reality show star making his Telugu debut with Vijay Deverakonda's 'Kingdom' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/who-is-venkitesh-vp-meet-the-malayalam-reality-show-star-making-his-telugu-debut-with-vijay-deverakondas-kingdom/articleshow/123002830.cms |access-date=6 August 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=30 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250806180113/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/who-is-venkitesh-vp-meet-the-malayalam-reality-show-star-making-his-telugu-debut-with-vijay-deverakondas-kingdom/articleshow/123002830.cms |archive-date=6 August 2025}}</ref>
|}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Show !! Role !! Channel !! class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Nayika Nayakan]]'' || Contestant || [[Mazhavil Manorama]] ||<ref name="auto1"/>
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Udan Panam|Udan Panam season 5]] '' || Co-host || [[Mazhavil Manorama]] ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Udan Panam 5 OTT release date – Here's when to stream the fun game show on Manorama Max|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/udan-panam-5-the-fun-game-show-will-be-streaming-on-manorama-max-from-this-date/005837f348760|website=OTTPlay|access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref>
|}

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm10214268|name=Venkitesh V. P.}}

[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Malayalam male actors]]
[[Category:Indian television personalities]]
[[Category:Actors in Telugu cinema]]

Sai Deodhar

2025-12-24T09:48:41Z

Proctocure: Started New Pg

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sai Deodhar
| image = A graded close up of Sai Deodhar smiling.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = 21 April
| birth_place = 
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|producer|director}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Shakti Anand]]|2005}}
| yearsactive = 1991–present
| children = 1
| father = [[Debu Deodhar]]
| mother = [[Shrabani Deodhar]]
}}

'''Sai Deodhar''' (born 21 April<ref>{{cite news |title=सई देओधर की हो चुकी थी सगाई, जब शक्ति आनंद ने किया प्रपोज, मां के इस सवाल ने बनाई जोड़ी |url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/entertainment/television/article/sai-deodhar-birthday-beautiful-love-story-of-sai-deodhar-and-shakti-anand/343907 |work=Times Now |language=hi |date=Apr 21, 2021 |access-date=Mar 16, 2025}}</ref>) is an Indian actress who primarily works in [[Hindi]] television. Deodhar is best known for portraying Flight Lieutenant Monica Singh Kochar in ''[[Saara Akaash]]'', Ananya Sachdev Samarth in ''[[Ek Ladki Anjaani Si (TV series)|Ek Ladki Anjaani Si]],'' and Kasturi Singh in ''[[Udaan (2014 TV series)|Udaan]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/interviews/y2k3/actor/sai_deodhar.htm |title=Interview with actor Sai Deodhar > "I won't wear undersized outfits and do sexy scenes. I am looking at meaningful cinema" |publisher=Indiantelevision.com |date=12 December 2003 |first=Vickey |last=Lalwani |work=Indian Television Dot Com |accessdate=22 May 2010}}</ref> For ''Saara Akaash'', she received a nomination for the [[Indian Telly Award for Fresh New Face – Female]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_tv-couple-eye-big-screen-with-home-made-project_1216696 |title=TV couple eye big screen with home-made project |publisher=DNA India |date=25 December 2008 |first=Ranjib |last=Mazumder |accessdate=22 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2004 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/nominee.htm|access-date=10 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016123453/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/nominee.htm|archive-date=16 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Life and family==
[[File:Sai Shakti colors bash.jpg|thumb|Sai with her Husband [[Shakti Anand]] at an event]]

Deodhar's father, cinematographer [[Debu Deodhar]], was [[Marathi people|Marathi]], and her mother, director [[Shrabani Deodhar]], is [[Bengali people|Bengali]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Playing new roles |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/playing-new-roles/cid/1538159 |accessdate=7 June 2019 |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |date=3 December 2005 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Mogra"/>

Deodhar married her ''[[Saara Akaash]]'' co-star, [[Shakti Anand]], in 2005. She gave birth to their daughter in 2011.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |title=Shakti Anand's Birthday Special |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi//photostory/49058803.cms |accessdate=7 June 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 September 2015 |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
*''All films are in Marathi unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 1991
| ''[[Prahaar: The Final Attack]]''
| Chiku
| [[Hindi]] film
|
|-
| 1993
| ''[[Lapandav]]''
| Chinu Mahashabde
|
|
|-
| 1996
| ''[[Daayraa]]''
| Munni
| [[Hindi]] film
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chopra |first1=Anupama |authorlink1=Anupama Chopra |title=Daayra, daring and original, uses humour to tackle serious issues |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19970115-amol-palekar-daayra-emotional-and-physical-voyage-of-discovery-but-out-of-iffi-panorama-831695-1997-01-15 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=8 November 2018 |language=en |date=15 January 1997 |archive-date=8 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108144441/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19970115-amol-palekar-daayra-emotional-and-physical-voyage-of-discovery-but-out-of-iffi-panorama-831695-1997-01-15 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Mogra Phulaalaa]]''
| Shivangi Kulkarni
|
|<ref name="Mogra">{{cite news |last1=Shetty |first1=Anjali |title=Mogra Phulala has been a beautiful journey: Shrabani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/mogra-phulala-has-been-a-beautiful-journey-shrabani/story-Y2HBstaXlLGm32xded3e9L.html |accessdate=20 June 2019 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=29 May 2019}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2003–2005
| rowspan="2" |''[[Saara Akaash]]''
| Flight Lieutenant Monica Singh Kochar
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071028/asp/entertainment/story_8480546.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030211614/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071028/asp/entertainment/story_8480546.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 October 2007|title=Entertainment - Flying High|last=|first=|date=|website=The Telegraph|location=Calcutta|access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2004–2005
| Shazia Khan
|
|
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Siddhanth (TV series) | Siddhanth]]''
| Hemangi Mathur
|
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/yet-another-delhi-bahu/article28147731.ece | title=Yet another DELHI BAHU|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 January 2005|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 1|Nach Baliye 1]]''
| Contestant
| 8th place
|
|-
| 2005
| ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]''
| Inspector Priyanka
|
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/jul/27/tv-cid-a-hit-with-viewers.htm|title=The TV show with the highest ratings|newspaper=[[Rediff]]|access-date=22 April 2015|archive-date=10 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510093531/http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/jul/27/tv-cid-a-hit-with-viewers.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]''
| Debonita
|
|
|-
| 2006–2007
| ''[[Ek Ladki Anjaani Si (TV series)|Ek Ladki Anjaani Si]]''
| Ananya "Anu" Sachdev Samarth
|
|
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Don (TV series)|Don]]''
| {{Unknown}}
|
|
|-
| 2010
| ''Kashi – Ab Na Rahe Tera Kagaz Kora''
| Ishwari
|
|
|-
| 2010–2011
| ''[[Baat Hamari Pakki Hai]]''
| Nidhi Saurabh Jaiswal
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2012
| rowspan="4" |''Upanishad Ganga''
| [[Devayani]]
| Episode 8: "Upaveda: Story of [[Kacha (sage)|Kacha]] & [[Devayani]]"
|
|-
| [[Saraswati|Savitri]]
| Episode 28: "Anatman: Not the Self [[Abhimanyu]] & [[Saraswati|Savitri]]"
|
|-
| [[Gargi]]
| Episode 30: "The Existence Principle: Yagyavalkya & [[Gargi]]
|
|-
| Nati
| Episode 33: "Bondage: Camel's Rope"
|
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]''
| Advocate Soundarya Sharma
|
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Sai Deodhar returns to TV with Adaalat|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Sai-Deodhar-is-all-set-to-return-to-TV-with-Contiloe-Telefilms-Adaalat-/articleshow/34829454.cms|access-date=8 May 2014|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916222859/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Sai-Deodhar-is-all-set-to-return-to-TV-with-Contiloe-Telefilms-Adaalat-/articleshow/34829454.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2014–2018
| ''[[Udaan (2014 TV series)|Udaan]]''
| Kasturi Bhuvan Singh
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/photos/colors-udann-completes-1000-episodes-dheeraj-dhoopar-and-wife-vini-attend-party-401301|title=Colors' Show Udaan completes 1000 Episodes|date=17 March 2018|accessdate=28 November 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Dil Ki Baatein Dil Hi Jaane]]''
| Barkha
|
|
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Darr Sabko Lagta Hai]]''
| Sunita
| Episode 24
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Savdhaan India]]''
| Sunaina Surajpratap Singh
| Episode 2158
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Aakash |date=3 July 2017 |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/savdhaan-india-shakti-anand-wife-sai-deodhar-to-reunite-onscreen-after-10-years-834415 |title=Savdhaan India: Shakti Anand & wife Sai Deodhar to REUNITE onscreen after 10 years! |work=ABP Live |access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2023; 2024
| ''[[Dabangii – Mulgii Aayi Re Aayi]]''
| Damini "Chhaya" Rajyavadhkar
|
|<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/saara-akaash-co-stars-manav-gohil-and-sai-deodhar-reunite-for-new-show-danbangii-former-writes-now-thats-a-bond-of-over-two-decades-in-a-frame/articleshow/104420815.cms | title=Saara Akaash co-stars Manav Gohil and Sai Deodhar reunite for new show Danbangii; former writes, 'Now that's a bond of over two decades in a frame' | newspaper=The Times of India | date=14 October 2023 | access-date=1 November 2023 | archive-date=1 November 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101063758/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/saara-akaash-co-stars-manav-gohil-and-sai-deodhar-reunite-for-new-show-danbangii-former-writes-now-thats-a-bond-of-over-two-decades-in-a-frame/articleshow/104420815.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin]]''
| Mukta Chavan
|
|
|}

==== Special appearances ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
|-
| rowspan="5"| 2006
| ''[[Reth (TV series)|Reth]]''
| Tanu
|
|-
| ''Jodee Kamaal Ki''
| Herself
| Episode 2
|-
| ''[[Kkavyanjali]]''
| Debonita
|
|-
| ''[[Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii]]''
| Debonita
| Episode 1158
|-
| ''[[Jeena Isi Ka Naam Hai]]''
| Herself
| Episode 9
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Kitchen Champion|Kitchen Champion 5]]''
| Herself
|
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Maeri]]''
| Tara Deshpande
| [[ZEE5]]'s series
|<ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=28 November 2024 |title='Maeri' trailer: A woman seeks justice for her daughter |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1076191/maeri-trailer-a-woman-seeks-justice-for-her-daughter |access-date=6 December 2024 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Director===
* ''[[D.A.T.E. (film)|D.A.T.E.]]''
* ''Silent Ties''{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
* ''Fathers Day To You'' (Pocket Films)<ref>{{cite web |title=Fathers Day To You - A tribute to all the fathers and the mothers working during COVID |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVLtRwKYri0 |website=YouTube | date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Pocket Films |access-date=10 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Blood Relation''<ref>{{cite news |title=Telly tattle: Tasty treat courtesy Mithun Chakraborty; Sai Deodhar directs short film |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/telly-tattle-tasty-treat-courtesy-mithun-chakraborty-sai-deodhar-directs-short-film/23087327 |accessdate=13 November 2020 |work=mid-day |date=13 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''When A Man Loves A Woman''<ref name="When"/>
* ''Badhai Ho''<ref name="Badhaai Ho">{{cite news |last1=Chandani |first1=Priyanka |title=Actor Sai Deodhar takes a leap into the digital world with her production house, Purple Morning Movies |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/actor-sai-deodhar-takes-a-leap-into-the-digital-world-with-her-production-house-purple-morning-movies |access-date=9 March 2021 |work=Free Press Journal |date=5 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Worship The Woman Within'' - International Women's Day Anthem"<ref name="Women's Day"/>
* ''Jhooti Jhooti Batiyaan'' - music video<ref name="Jhooti">{{cite web |title=Jhooti Jhooti Batiyaan {{!}} Meera Deosthale {{!}} Rajat {{!}} Sai Deodhar {{!}} Bandish {{!}} Rock Fusion {{!}} Carnatic | date=30 March 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pv5okcVAyBw |via=YouTube |publisher=Purple Morning Movies |access-date=17 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''(Un)Sanskari'' - short Film<ref name="(Un)Sanskari">{{cite web |title=(UN)Sanskari {{!}} Comedy {{!}} Family Drama {{!}} Gouri Tonnk {{!}} Shresth Kumar {{!}} Sai Deodhar | date=July 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GajFi2g6W5o |via=YouTube |publisher=Purple Morning Movies |access-date=21 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

===Producer===
* ''[[Mujhse Kuchh Kehti...Yeh Khamoshiyaan]]'' (2012-2013)- TV show on Star Plus
* ''[[Sata Lota Pan Sagla Khota]]'' (2015) - film
* ''[[D.A.T.E. (film)|D.A.T.E.]]'' (2018)
* ''[[The Sholay Girl]]'' (2019)
* ''Blood Relation''<ref>{{cite news |title=Telly tattle: Tasty treat courtesy Mithun Chakraborty; Sai Deodhar directs short film |url=https://origin.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/Telly-tattle-Tasty-treat-courtesy-Mithun-Chakraborty-Sai-Deodhar-directs-short-film-23087327 |accessdate=13 November 2020 |work=mid-day |date=13 November 2020 |language=en |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412104757/https://origin.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/Telly-tattle-Tasty-treat-courtesy-Mithun-Chakraborty-Sai-Deodhar-directs-short-film-23087327 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (2020)
* ''When A Man Loves A Woman'' - short film<ref name="When">{{cite web |title=When A Man Loves A Woman {{!}} Barun Sobti {{!}} Girija Oak {{!}} Sai Deodhar {{!}} A Love Story Short Film | date=9 February 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uep4dbHGcrY |via=YouTube |access-date=9 March 2021}}</ref> (2021)
* ''Badhai Ho'' (short film)<ref name="Badhaai Ho"/> (2021)
* ''Worship The Woman Within'' - International Women's Day Anthem" (music video)<ref name="Women's Day">{{cite web |title=Worship The Woman Within {{!}} Parleen Gill {{!}} Sai Deodhar {{!}} International Women's Day Anthem 2021 | date=5 March 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GdnAJez9vV8&t=2s |via=YouTube |publisher=Purple Morning Movies |access-date=9 March 2021}}</ref> (2021)
* ''Jhooti Jhooti Batiyaan'' - music video<ref name="Jhooti"/>
* ''(Un)Sanskari'' - short film<ref name="(Un)Sanskari"/>
* ''Sonyachi Pavla'' - TV show on Colors Marathi<ref>{{cite web |title=VOOT - Watch Free Online TV Shows, Movies, Kids Shows HD Quality on VOOT. Keep Vooting. |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/sonyachi-pawal/278746 |website=Voot |access-date=21 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''KavyaAnjali - Sakhi Savali'' - TV show on Colors Marathi<ref>{{cite web |title=KavyaAnjali - Sakhi Saavali on Jio Cinema |url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/kavyaanjali-sakhi-saavali/3756315|website=Jio Cinema |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0219963}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deodhar, Sai, Anand}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Pune]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Bengali actresses]]
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]
[[Category:Indian women film directors]]
[[Category:Indian women television directors]]
[[Category:Indian women film producers]]
[[Category:Indian women television producers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Annalisa Cochrane

2025-12-07T13:31:41Z

Proctocure: new a bio from scratch

{{Short description|American actress}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Annalisa Cochrane
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = United States
| height =
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2015–present
}}
'''Annalisa Cochrane''' is an American actress. She first appeared onscreen in the television film ''[[The Bride He Bought Online]]'' (2015). She is known for her recurring role as Yasmine in the [[Netflix]] series ''[[Cobra Kai]]'' (2018–2025) and her main role as Addy Prentiss in the critically praised [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] series ''[[One of Us Is Lying (TV series)|One of Us Is Lying]]'' (2021–2022).

==Early life==
Annalisa Cochrane spent more than ten years of her childhood in [[Pune]].<ref name="Prestridge">{{cite interview |last1=Cochrane |first1=Annalisa |interviewer=James Prestridge |title=Close-up: an Interview with Annalisa Cochrane |url=https://closeupculture.com/2019/01/23/close-up-an-interview-with-annalisa-cochrane |website=Close-Up Culture |access-date=December 1, 2022 |date=January 23, 2019}}</ref> She first expressed interest in acting after watching ''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]]'' (2005)—a film adaptation of [[C. S. Lewis]]'s [[The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe|1950 novel]]—at age eight. She stated: "[[Lucy Pevensie]] was played by a brunette ... but ... in all the illustrations I'd seen, she was blond and ... it just didn't sit right with me ... but from then on, I was like, I have to be an actor".<ref name="Embarrassing">{{cite interview|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCt3AGx3We2PyyNIqCoiLnxw|title=''One of Us Is Lying'' Cast Share Some of Their Most Embarrassing Behind-the-Scenes Moments!|via=[[YouTube]]|work=[[J-14 (magazine)|J-14]]|first1=Marianly|last1=Tejada|first2=Cooper|last2=van Grootel|first3=Annalisa|last3=Cochrane|first4=Chibuikem|last4=Uche|first5=Jessica|last5=McLeod|first6=Barrett|last6=Carnahan|first7=Melissa|last7=Collazo|access-date=December 2, 2022|date=October 26, 2021}}</ref>

==Career==
Cochrane began acting professionally at age 17; her first role was in [[Lifetime (TV network)|Lifetime]] television film ''[[The Bride He Bought Online]]'' (2015).<ref name="Embarrassing" />

In October 2019, Cochrane was cast in [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]]'s [[television pilot|pilot]] for the mystery drama series ''[[One of Us Is Lying (TV series)|One of Us Is Lying]]''. Based on [[Karen M. McManus]]'s [[One of Us Is Lying|2017 novel of the same name]], it follows a group of students who become murder suspects after the death of their classmate. Cochrane portrays Addy, a popular cheerleader who fears her life will be ruined if people knew her secrets.<ref name="Petski" /> Before auditioning, Cochrane was aware of the novel since it was a [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' Best Seller]]. Following her initial audition, she read the book, which helped her understand the character better: "It's everything. That first-person narrative gives you the blueprint for your entire character and world-building. I always say I feel like I cheated with the callbacks and the test because I had it right there. All the imagination work was almost done for me."<ref name="Hullender">{{cite web |last1=Cochrane |first1=Annalisa |last2=Uche |first2=Chibuikem |title=Annalisa Cochrane & Chibuikem Uche Interview: ''One Of Us Is Lying'' |url=https://screenrant.com/one-us-lying-season-1-annalisa-cochrane-chibuikem-uche-interview |website=[[Screen Rant]] |access-date=November 30, 2022 |date=October 28, 2021}}</ref> The pilot was filmed in November.<ref name="Trivedi">{{cite web|url=https://thecinemaholic.com/where-is-one-of-us-is-lying-filmed/|title=Where Is ''One of Us Is Lying'' Filmed?|website=The Cinemaholic|first=Dhruv|last=Trivedi|date=October 5, 2021|access-date=November 30, 2022}}</ref> The show was later given a full series order,<ref>{{cite web |last1=White |first1=Peter |title=''One Of Us Is Lying'': Peacock Orders Young-Adult Mystery Drama to Series; Darío Madrona to Showrun |url=https://deadline.com/2020/08/one-of-us-is-lying-peacock-series-1203011184 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812175748/https://deadline.com/2020/08/one-of-us-is-lying-peacock-series-1203011184/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 12, 2020 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=November 30, 2022 |date=August 12, 2020}}</ref> which was filmed in May 2021.<ref name="Trivedi" /> ''One of Us Is Lying'' was released five months later to positive reviews and quickly garnered a devoted following.<ref name="Andreeva">{{cite web |last1=Andreeva |first1=Nellie |title=''One Of Us Is Lying'' Renewed for Season 2 by Peacock with Developer Erica Saleh as New Showrunner |url=https://deadline.com/2022/01/one-of-us-is-lying-renewed-season-2-peacock-erica-saleh-showrunner-1234912873 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114180619/https://deadline.com/2022/01/one-of-us-is-lying-renewed-season-2-peacock-erica-saleh-showrunner-1234912873/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 14, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=November 30, 2022 |date=January 14, 2022}}</ref> ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' described the actors as "very capable".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=John |title=''One of Us Is Lying'' Review: the Young and the Remorseless |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/one-of-us-is-lying-peacock-karen-mcmanus-mark-mckenna-annalisa-cochrane-marianly-tejada-chibuikem-uche-cooper-van-grootel-11633457947 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=November 30, 2022 |date=October 5, 2021}}</ref>

In January 2022, ''One of Us Is Lying'' was renewed for a second season,<ref name="Andreeva" /> which was released on October 20.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://collider.com/one-of-us-is-lying-where-to-stream-season-2/|title=How to Watch ''One of Us Is Lying'' Season 2|first=Uduak-Abasi|last=Ekong|date=October 20, 2022|access-date=November 30, 2022|website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> ''MEAWW'' considered the returning cast to be "phenomenal", and praised Cochrane—as well as co-stars Marianly Tejada, Chibuikem Uche, and Cooper van Grootel—for "steal[ing] the show".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Pragya |title=''One of Us is Lying'' Season 2 Review: with Crisp Writing and Compelling Acting, New Season Is a Thrilling Watch |url=https://meaww.com/one-of-us-is-lying-season-2-review-simon-says-the-murder-club-is-phenomenal-despite-being-in-danger |website=MEAWW |access-date=November 30, 2022 |date=October 19, 2022}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=December 2022}}

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Title
! scope="col"| Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Refh}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2015
| ''[[The Bride He Bought Online]]''
| Kaley
| Television film
| {{centre|<ref>{{cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=The Bride He Bought Online|id=the_bride_he_bought_online|type=m|access-date=November 28, 2022|publisher_hide=yes}}</ref>}}
|-
| ''[[Baby Daddy]]''
| Seventeen-year-old Emma
| Episode: "Parental Guidance Suggested"
| {{centre|<ref name="Guide">{{cite web|title=Annalisa Cochrane Credits|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/annalisa-cochrane/credits/3030574408/|website=[[TV Guide]]|access-date=November 28, 2022}}</ref>}}
|-
| rowspan="5"| 2016
| ''[[Modern Family]]''
| Melanie
| Episode: "Promposal"
| {{centre|<ref name="rt">{{cite web|title=Annalisa Cochrane|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/annalisa_cochrane|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=November 28, 2022}}</ref>}}
|-
| ''[[The Night Stalker (2016 film)|The Night Stalker]]''
| Mary
| Television film
| {{centre|<ref>{{cite web |title=''The Night Stalker'' – Full Cast & Crew |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/the-night-stalker/cast/2000038148 |website=[[TV Guide]] |access-date=November 28, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>}}
|-
| ''[[Major Crimes (TV series)|Major Crimes]]''
| Madeline Kimball
| Episode: "N.S.F.W"
| {{centre|<ref name="Petski">{{cite web |last1=Petski |first1=Denise |title=''One Of Us Is Lying'': Peacock's YA Mystery Drama Pilot Based On Book Sets Cast |url=https://deadline.com/2019/10/one-of-us-is-lying-peacock-ya-mystery-drama-pilot-cast-1202772422 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031102021/https://deadline.com/2019/10/one-of-us-is-lying-peacock-ya-mystery-drama-pilot-cast-1202772422/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 31, 2019 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=November 28, 2022 |date=October 30, 2019}}</ref>}}
|-
| ''[[Air Jaws]]: Night Stalker''
| {{TableTBA|TBD}}
| Television special
| {{centre|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/air-jaws-night-stalker/cast/2030046767/|title=''Air Jaws: Night Stalker'' – Cast & Crew|website=[[TV Guide]]|access-date=November 29, 2022}}</ref>}}
|-
| ''Emma's Chance''
| Other girl
|
| {{centre|<ref>{{cite web |title=''Emma's Chance'' |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/emmas-chance/cast/2000365349 |website=[[TV Guide]] |access-date=November 28, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>}}
|-
| rowspan="6"| 2017
| ''[[Henry Danger]]''
| Noelle
| Episode: "Double Date Danger"
| {{centre|<ref name="Guide" />}}
|-
| ''[[It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia]]''
| Birthday girl
| Episode: "PTSDee"
| {{centre|<ref name="Petski" />}}
|-
| ''[[Famous in Love]]''
| Hot girl
| Episode: "Pilot"
| {{centre|<ref name="rt" />}}
|-
| ''[[Days of Our Lives]]''
| Alyssa
| 1 episode
| {{centre|<ref name="Fix">{{cite web |last1=Fix |first1=Christine |title=Annalisa Cochrane Books ''Days of Our Lives'' Role |url=https://soaps.sheknows.com/days-of-our-lives/comings-and-goings/1535/annalisa-cochrane-books-days-of-our-lives-role |website=[[Soaps.com]] |access-date=November 28, 2022 |date=May 15, 2017}}</ref>}}
|-
| ''[[The Young and the Restless]]''
| Zoey
| Recurring; 12 episodes
| {{centre|<ref name="Young">{{cite web |last1=Young |first1=Candace |title=''Y&R'' Casts Annalisa Cochrane as Zoey |url=https://soaps.sheknows.com/the-young-and-the-restless/comings-and-goings/1631/yr-casts-annalisa-cochrane-as-zoey |website=[[Soaps.com]] |access-date=November 29, 2022 |date=January 18, 2017}}</ref>}}
|-
| ''Brown Girls''
| Emily
| Television film
| {{centre|<ref>{{cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Brown Girls|id=brown_girls|type=m|access-date=November 29, 2022|publisher_hide=yes}}</ref>}}
|-
| 2018–2025
| ''[[Cobra Kai]]''
| Yasmine
| Recurring role (seasons 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6)
| {{centre|<ref name="Good">{{cite web |last1=Good |first1=Owen S. |title=What's Next for ''Cobra Kai'' After Season 4? |url=https://www.polygon.com/22867245/cobra-kai-season-4-spoilers-recap-season-5-preview-hilary-swank |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |access-date=November 29, 2022 |date=January 4, 2022}}</ref>}}
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2018
| ''[[Heathers (TV series)|Heathers]]''
| Shelby Dunnstock
| Recurring; 8 episodes
| {{centre|<ref name="Petski" />}}
|-
| ''[[NCIS: Los Angeles]]''
| Emily Conway
| Episode: "A Diamond in the Rough"
| {{centre|<ref name="rt" />}}
|-
| ''Kappa Crypto''
| Rebecca
| Main role; 8 episodes
| {{centre|<ref>{{cite web |title=''Kappa Crypto'' |url=https://www.avclub.com/tv/reviews/kappa-crypto-2018 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |access-date=November 29, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>}}
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2019
| ''[[Weird City (TV series)|Weird City]]''
| Colleen
| Episode: "Go to College"
| {{centre|<ref name="Petski" />}}
|-
| ''[[Into the Dark (TV series)|Into the Dark]]''
| Kellyann
| Episode: "[[Pure (Into the Dark)|Pure]]"
| {{centre|<ref name="Donato">{{cite web |last1=Donato |first1=Matt |title=The First Season of ''Into The Dark'' Ends with a 'Pure' Whimper |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/569132/into-the-dark-pure-review |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=November 29, 2022 |date=September 18, 2019}}</ref>}}
|-
| ''Apparition''
| Skyler
|
| {{centre|<ref name="Ramos">{{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=Dino-Ray |title=Sam Mendes' One Shot WWI Wonder ''1917'' Makes Limited Debut, Neon Releases Chinonye Chukwu's Sundance Winner ''Clemency''- Specialty B.O. Preview |url=https://deadline.com/2019/12/sam-mendes-1917-universal-chinonye-chukwu-clemency-alfre-woodard-specialty-box-office-preview-1202816821 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227171854/https://deadline.com/2019/12/sam-mendes-1917-universal-chinonye-chukwu-clemency-alfre-woodard-specialty-box-office-preview-1202816821/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 27, 2019 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=November 29, 2022 |date=December 27, 2019}}</ref>}}
|-
| 2020
| ''Confessional''
| Raquel
|
| {{centre|<ref name="Evangelista">{{cite web |last1=Evangelista |first1=Chris |title=''Confessional'' Trailer: The Truth Has Terrible Consequences in Shudder's New Horror Film |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/574291/confessional-trailer |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=November 29, 2022 |date=May 20, 2020}}</ref>}}
|-
| 2021–2022
| ''[[One of Us Is Lying (TV series)|One of Us Is Lying]]''
| Addy Prentiss
| Main role
| {{centre|<ref name="Petski" />}}
|-
| 2022
| ''[[The Good Doctor (American TV series)|The Good Doctor]]''
| Kayla
| Episode: "Growing Pains"
|
|-
|-
| 2023
| ''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]''
| Lisa Swenson
| Episode: "Unusual Suspects"
|
|-
|2024
|''What Happens in Miami''
|Autumn
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=What Happens in Miami |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/what_happens_in_miami |website=rottentomatoes.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4"| 2025
| ''[[S.W.A.T. (2017 TV series)|S.W.A.T.]]''
| Lucy
| Episode: "Exploited"
|
|-
| ''[[Tracker (American TV series)|Tracker]]''
| Riley Adams
| Episode: "Collision"
|
|-
| ''[[I Love LA (TV series)|I Love LA]]''
| Paulena
| 2 episodes
|
|-
|''A Blind Bargain''
|Young Joy Fontaine
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|6346552}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cochrane, Annalisa}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century American actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Pune]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American television actresses]]
[[Category:American web series actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Herbert Niel Randle

2025-12-05T08:58:55Z

Proctocure: Starting the info w/ sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
'''Herbert Niel Randle''' [[Order of the Indian Empire|C.I.E.]] [[Fellow of the British Academy|F.B.A.]] (1880–1973), commonly known as '''H. N. Randle''', was the librarian of the [[India Office Records|India Office Library]] (1933–49; assistant librarian 1927–33),<ref>India Office Library & Records Report 1 Apr. 1972 to 31 December 1973, Foreign & Commonwealth Office, 1972, pg 5</ref> professor of philosophy at Queen's College, [[Benares]]<ref>British Universities Encyclopaedia, Athenaeum Press, 1940, pg 151</ref> and a writer on [[Indian philosophy]].<ref>Fragments from [[Dignāga|Dinnaga]], Herbert Niel Randle, Motilal Banarsidass Indological Publishers, Booksellers & Exporters, 1981</ref><ref>A Source Book in Indian Philosophy, ed. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan & Charles A. Moore, Princeton University Press, 2014, pg 660</ref><ref>[[Thomas Burrow|Burrow, T.]] (1974) [http://publications.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/pubs/proc/files/60p431.pdf Herbert Niel Randle 1880-1973] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928050156/http://publications.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/pubs/proc/files/60p431.pdf |date=28 September 2020 }}, ''Proceedings of the British Academy'', Vol.60, 431-46.</ref>

His son, [[John Niel Randle]], was posthumously awarded a [[Victoria Cross]] for valour at the [[Battle of Kohima]] in 1944.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=36833|supp=y|page=5673|date=8 December 1944}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Randle, Hebert Niel}}
[[Category:1880 births]]
[[Category:1973 deaths]]
[[Category:British Indologists]]

Rakwal

2025-11-13T21:38:51Z

Proctocure: brief refined formatting based on references and cleaned formatting

#REDIRECT [[Dogras]]
{{Short description|Indian clan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}

{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=January 2021}}
{{notability|date=April 2017}}
{{Orphan|date=April 2017}}
}}

The '''Rakwal''' is a [[Hindu]] [[Rajput]] clan found mainly in the [[India]]n states of [[Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], districts of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] like [[Pathankot]]. Their immediate ancestor was Raja Abta Dev of [[Jammu]], who founded a principality in [[Sialkot]]. They are a [[Dogras|Dogra]] sub-group, and their customs are similar to other [[Dogras]] [[Rajput]]s . Rakwal Rajputs are Suryavanshi Lineage [[Rajput]]s of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. The Rakwal Rajputs intermarry with the [[Sulehria]], [[Langeh]], [[Andotra]], [[Bhalwal]], [[Baghal]], [[Lalotra]], [[Manhas]], Rana, [[Parihar (clan)|Parihar]], [[Jamwal]], [[Rathore (Rajput clan)|Rathore]], [[Sambyal]], Charak and [[Jaj]] clans of [[Hindu]] [[Dogras|Dogra]] [[Rajput]]s.<ref>{{cite book |last=Charak |first=Sukhdev |url=https://www.amazon.in/Gulabnama-History-Maharaja-Gulab-Singh/dp/B002A9PCFM |title=Gulabnama |date=2005 |publisher=Diwan Kirpa Ram |location=Jammu and Kashmir |author-link=Sukhdev Singh Charak}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=November 2024}}

== Maharani Rani Rakwal ==
Maharani Rani Rakwal was the first wife of [[Maharaja Gulab Singh]]. Maharani Rani Rakwal was mother of [[Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Maharaja Ranbir Singh]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Sialkot]]
[[Category:Rajput clans of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Dogra]]
[[Category:Politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]

{{JammuKashmir-stub}}
{{HimachalPradesh-stub}}
__NOTOC__

Suresh Bhardwaj (actor)

2025-11-06T04:22:48Z

Proctocure: Started New Details

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Suresh Bhardwaj
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1955|06|06}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| alma_mater = [[National School of Drama]]
| known_for =
| years_active =
| organization = Aakar Kala Sangam, New Delhi
| occupation = Theatre Director }}

'''Suresh Bhardwaj''' (born 6 June 1955) is an Indian theatre, film and television director as well as a lighting and scenic designer, currently residing in Kandiwali West, Mumbai . He has acted in many plays as lead actor as well. He is the director of ''(Aakar Kala Sangam)'' (AKS), a [[Delhi]] based theatre group.<ref name=thp>{{cite magazine |title=Suresh Bhardwaj|url=http://theatrepasta.com/?p=72 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716222752/http://theatrepasta.com/?p=72 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=16 July 2011 |date=15 July 2008 |magazine=[[Theatre Pasta]] }}</ref> He has also served as faculty member of the National School of Drama<ref name=hin>{{cite news |title=Tomorrow and tomorrow... |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/article113442.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=25 February 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Some moments to smile after all |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/03/11/stories/2005031101580300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050524050424/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/03/11/stories/2005031101580300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 May 2005 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=11 March 2005 }}</ref>
In 2005 he received the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for lighting design from the ''[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]]'', India's National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sangeetnatak.org/sna/awardeeslist.htm|title=SNA: List of Akademi Awardees|publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] Official website|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217185616/http://www.sangeetnatak.org/sna/awardeeslist.htm|archive-date=17 February 2012}}</ref>

==Life and career==

He holds an [[Master of Arts|M.A]] degree . He subsequently joined the National School of Drama in his home city<ref name=thp/> where he became a research fellow in the extension wing of the school before his 1981 promotion to technical director at ''Rangmandal'' in the [[Bharat Bhavan]] arts complex, [[Bhopal]].

In 1985, Bhardwaj formed the theatre group ''Sambhav'' in Delhi, bringing together an artists' ensemble that became a landmark phenomenon in modern Indian theatre and which featured in the research work of eminent art scholars.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} The same year, he shifted his emphasis to film, television and cinema and worked in various capacities as a writer, director, Actor and scenographer as well as for various satellite channels and public television broadcaster [[Doordarshan]] as a freelance director, designer and writer. Bhardwaj conceived and directed many popular programmes including ''Aap Ki Adalat'' for Zee TV as well as ''Aasmaan Kaise Kaise'', ''Lekhu'', ''Gumraah'', ''Uth Jaag Musafir'', ''Apne Apne Sapne'' and many more for Doordarshan.

Bhardwaj joined the faculty of the National School of Drama as visiting professor in 1988 and was appointed a regular faculty member in 1991 as a lecturer in [[stage lighting]]. He was promoted to the post of associate professor (theatre architecture) and is currently working as a Professor. He served as dean of National School of Drama from 2000 to 2002, and was also appointed Professor of Extension Programmes in February 2002. Bhardwaj retired as a professor from this pioneering Indian institute in 2017.

==Awards==
* National [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] Award (2005) from [[President of India|Indian President]], [[Abdul Kalam|Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam]] Azad for National Achievements in the theatre and allied arts.
*Special ROSCO (UK) award from the Chaman Lal Memorial Society for excellence in theatre.
*[[Habib Tanveer]] Rang puraskaar-2011 by Ras Kala Manch, [[Haryana]].
* Pataliputra Award, a national award conferred by 'Praangan' Patna for lifetime achievement in drama.

==Juries and committees==

===Juries===
*Served on the international jury for ITI UNESCO's 2005 international theatre workshops and drama school presentations in [[Romania]].
*Panel member for Doordarshan public TV, India as director of sponsored serial for the national network.

===Committees===
*Ministry of Culture: Committees on production, building, equipment, salary, and pension grants; folk and tribal schemes; scholarships; junior and senior fellowships; multipurpose cultural complexes; accommodation for eminent artists.
*Committee to judge proposals for senior fellowships, [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]].
*Committee to judge the audio-video proposals for various schemes, Ministry of Women and Child Welfare.
*Expert committee to judge tableaux etc. for inclusion in the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] Festival, Ministry of Defence.
*Selection committee, International Theatre Festival, Bharangam.
*Expert committee, Indian Tourism Development Corporation, Ministry of Tourism, Government of India.
*Member of Preview committee of International Film Festival of India, Ministry of I&B, Government of India.
*Member Board of Studies, Punjabi University, Patiala

Bhardwaj is known for his contributions in the field of theatre education and has conducted more than 200 theatre workshops throughout India and abroad. He also designed the lighting and sound systems of many of India's prestigious theatres including the Antrang and Bahirang auditorium at Bharat Bhavan Bhopal (1982), and the indoor and outdoor theatre at Preetnagar, Amritsar (2002). He acted as lighting, sound, acoustic and stage furnishing consultant at Rabindra Bhavan, Bhopal (2004) and was also a consultant on the auditorium of BHEL, Bhopal and Jammu University, Jammu.Consultant and Designer of Kalidas Theatre of NZCC, Patiala.{{Clarify|date=May 2011}}

==Writings==
* Adaptation of [[Albert Camus]]' ''The Just'', published as ''Jaayaz Hatyaare'' by Raj-Kamal, Prakashan.
* Adaptation of Strindberg's ''The Creditors'' as ''Dastak'' in Hindi.
* Adaptation of the Russian play ''Irony of Fate'' as ''Golmaal'' in Hindi.
* Screenplay and dialogues for a teleplay of ''Shamsheer Singh Ka Thiala'' for Doordarshan, India, selected as an Indian entry for the International Television circuit. (1987)
* Story, screenplay and dialogue for the [[35mm movie film|35mm film]] for Kribhco entitled ''Shahad Ki Chadi'' (1988).
* Story, screenplay and dialogue for the 35mm film ''Ganpat Ki Kahani'' (1988).
* Screenplay and dialogue for the well-known artistic serial ''Ek Kahani'' by Manju and Jyot Singh (1987).
* Screenplay and dialogue for a 60-minute telefilm ''Chuimui'' for the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)|Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]] (1990).
* Story, screenplay and dialogue for the serial ''Chauke Pe Chakka'', a sponsored serial on DD-Metro (1992).
* Dialogue for the serial ''Lekhu'' in Doordarshan's sponsored category, a famous children's serial (1987).
* Story, screenplay and dialogue for the TV serial ''Bharti'', commissioned by Doordarshan to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of Indian Independence with thirty-minute episodes entitled ''Durgan'', ''Shakti'' and ''Bahta Paani'' (1992).
* Story, screenplay and dialogue for the 60-minute tele-film ''Chestha'' for the Ministry of Welfare (1993).
* Story, screenplay and dialogues for the 60-minute tele-film ''Pehchaan'' for the Ministry of Welfare (1993).
* Screenplay and dialogue for the tele-film ''Khandhar'' commissioned by Doordarshan (1994).
* Writer of more than 100 scripts for short social message films for Doordarshan, Davp and various other ministries and departments.
* Writer of scripts and research for a number of 15- to 30-minute documentaries for Doordarshan, ministries and corporations.

==Directing==
* Several episodes of the serial ''Aasmaan kaise kaise'' (1986).
* 13-episode serial ''Lekhu'' for the Doordarshan national network (1988).
* 10-episode serial ''Jhingur Pahalwaan'' for morning transmission on Doordarshan (1990).
* 35mm film ''Ganpat Ki Kahani'' for U.P. Ganna Vikas Sansthaan (1988).
* Sponsored serial ''Heere Moti'' pilot serial episode approved by Doordarshan (1992).
* 60-minute tele-film ''Gumraah'' for Doordarshan (1993).
* 60-minute film ''Chotu Motu Aur Lottery Ka Ticket'' for Doordarshan's metro channel and video circuit release (1995).
* 90-minute teleplay ''Uth Jaag Musafir'' for DD3 (1996).
* More than 10 episodes of the well-known TV Show ''Aap Ki Adalat..'' for Zee TV (1992–94).
* 60-minute tele-film for the Ministry of the Environment, ''Maila Paani'' (1996).
* 60-minute film ''Shahd Ki Chadi'' (1995).
* ComDD Bharti ''Apne Apne Sapne'' (2005).
* International film for CPC [[Prasar Bharati|prasar Bharti]] ''Aql Badi Ya Bhains'' (2006).
* 15-minute documentary for Doordarshan ''Traditional Akhadas of Delhi''.
* 15-minute feature for Doordarshan ''Kabootarbaazi''.
* 15-minute documentary feature for Doordarshan ''Mehndi''.
* 15-minute feature for Doordarshan ''Jhalliwalas''.
* 30-minute documentary on drugs ''Andha Kuan''.
* 30-minute docu-feature for Doordarshan on elderly people ''Dhalta Suraj''.
* 15-minute feature for Doordarshan ''Mitti Ke Khilone''.
* 15-minute feature for Doordarshan ''Bioscope''.
* 15-minute feature for Doordarshan ''Patang Ki Kala''.
* 15-minute feature for Doordarshan ''Rafoogar''.
* 15-minute feature for Doordarshan ''Tonga – Shahi Savaari''.
* 15-minute feature for Doordarshan ''Haathi Daant Se Chandan Tak''.
* 15-minute feature for Doordarshan ''Goldsmith''.
* ''Bharti'' (1995), a three-part, 30-minute-per-episode serial for Doordarshan:
** ''Durgan''
** ''Bahta Paani''
** ''Shakti''
* Teleplay series ''Yavanika'' for Zee TV, which includes the noted Parsi era play ''Rustom Sohraab'' (1992).
* 30-minute film on old cinematography and still photography techniques ''Yaadon Ka Safar''.
* Six-episode serial for the Doordarshan national network ''Kahaniyaan Hi Kahaniyaan''.
* Six-episode serial for the Doordarshan national network ''Khel Khel Main Vigyaan''.
* 12-episode serial for children for the Doordarshan national network ''Mast Maza''.
* ''Fqal Badi Ya Bhainas'', which was the official entry for the ASEAN festival organised by BHK, Japan, 2008.
* ''Bharatnatyam'' for CPC Delhi, a series telecast in 2009.
* Around 60 TV shorts for and commissioned by Doordarshan.
* Co-director of the TV serial ''Boond Boond'' a politically controversial serial dealing with the personality conflict of ex prime minister [[V. P. Singh|V P Singh]].
* Co-director of many TV serials, advertisements and feature films.
* Six TV spots commissioned by Doordarshan dealing with persons and companies of high repute.

==Art directing==
*Former art director of the well known ''Aap Ki Adalat'', a popular TV serial hosted by [[Rajat Sharma]].
*Art director of the TV serial ''Purvai'', directed by Ranjit Kapoor.
*Art director of the TV serial ''Zameen'', directed by [[M K Raina]].
*Set designer for ''Antakshri'', ''Mast Maza'', ''Khel Khel Main Vigyan'', ''Kahaniyaan Hi Kahaniyaan'', ''Musichamp'' and a number of adverts, game shows, talk shows and budget specials for Zee TV and other stations.

==Theatre direction==
* ''Bakri'' by [[Sarveshwar Dayal Saxena]] for M.P. Natak Lok Kala Akademi. Ujjain (1978).
* Musical play for children for the National School of Drama's children theatre wing ''Raja Ke Do Seeng'' written by Akhilesh Khanna (1980).
* ''Adhe Adhure'' written by [[Mohan Rakesh]] for Sambhav, Delhi (1985).
* ''Solah January Ki Raat'' for Sambhav, Delhi (1986).
* ''Inspector Matadin'', based on story by [[Harishankar Parsai]] for the National School of Drama's workshop for N.T.P.C. (1998).
* ''Bechara Bhagwan'', for the National School of Drama's workshop for N.T.P.C. (1999).
* ''Kaffan'', musical play based on [[Premchand]]'s story and adapted by S.P. Saxena for the Little Theatre Group Repertory (2000).
* ''Prem Samvaad'', based on the stories of [[Munshi Premchand]] for AKS (2001).
* ''Saari Raat'' by [[Badal Sircar]], for AKS (2003).
* ''Aur Agle Saal'' by [[Javed Siddiqui]], for AKS (2004).
* ''Main Aur Meri Zindgi'', by Deepa Tyagi (2005).
* ''8 Ghante'', by Sujit Saraf (2007).
* ''Intezaar Abhi Aur'', play written by Meeta Mishra and himself (2009).
* ''Hum Tum'', play written by Arbuzov and translated by Rahil Bhardwaj(2011)
* ''Chatushkon'', A bangla play written by Sh. Bratya Basu in Hindi.(2014)
* ''Laagi chute na'', an Original Hindi playWritten by Ms. Sangeeta Bhatnagar, an awarded playwright by Sahitya Kala Parishad, Delhi.
*''Welcome Zindagi'' a Gujarati play by famous playwright Saumya Joshi and translated into Hindi by Rahil Bhardwaj.

==Set and lighting design==
* Directed by [[B. V. Karanth]]: ''Andher Nagri , Shahjahan, Amal Vimal Kamal evam.., Vidya Sunder, Suno Janmejaya, Ghasiram Kotwal, Visakhdutt, Malvikagnimitram, Chaturbhani, Matia Burz, Hayavadana'' and various other plays.
* Directed by Devraj Ankur: ''Kajar Ki Kothri, Mahabhoj, Ek Satya Harishchandra, Anaro, Kahaniyaan Hi Kahaniyaan, Apne Apne Ajnabi, Ai ladkee, Tin Ka Sipahi, Bus Stand Ki Ek Raat,'' and a number of ''Katha'' collages.
* Directed by [[Ram Gopal Bajaj]]: ''Andha Yug, Yayati, Charvak, Lower Depth, Ek Purush, Dedh Purush.''
* Directed by [[M. K. Raina]]: ''Swapanvasvadatta, Balcharitram, Karnabharam, Urubhangam, Dootvakyam, Main Hi Hoon Kaalpurush,'' Openheimer, [[Servant of Two Masters]], ''Madhvi'', Hanush, Ghosts, Enemy of the people, [[Saadat Hasan Manto]].
* Directed by [[Barry John (theatre director)|Barry John]]: Servant of Two Masters, An Accidental Death, [[Oedipus Rex]].
* Directed by [[Prasanna (theatre director)|Prasanna]]: Ascent of Fujiyama, ''Teen Behnen, Aakhri Qitaab'', The Father, ''Bela meri Jaan.''

Bhardwaj has also worked with directors such as Fritz Bennewitz, [[Bansi Kaul]], [[Ratan Thiyam]], Anuradha Kapur, Kirti Jain, Prof.[[Mohan Maharishi]], Alakhnandan and Neelam Mansingh Chowdhrey

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.akstheatre.com/index.htm AKS, Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101206232946/http://nsd.gov.in/nsd_schoolfaculty.htm Faculty Members: Suresh Bhardwaj] at ''[[National School of Drama]]'' website.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhardwaj, Suresh}}
[[Category:Film directors from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian theatre directors]]
[[Category:Indian television directors]]
[[Category:Indian scenic designers]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian art directors]]
[[Category:Lighting designers]]
[[Category:National School of Drama alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the National School of Drama]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian designers]]

C. B. M. Frederick

2025-11-02T09:59:01Z

Proctocure: Content refined and expanded

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| name = C.&nbsp;B.&nbsp;M. Frederick
| title = [[Rayalaseema Diocese of the Church of South India|Bishop in Rayalaseema]]
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| church = [[Church of South India]]
| archdiocese =
| diocese = [[Rayalaseema Diocese of the Church of South India|Rayalaseema]]
| see =
| term = 1976–1996<ref name="George">George, K.&nbsp;M. ''Church of South&nbsp;India: life in union, 1947–1997'', Jointly published by Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and Christava Sahitya Samithi, Tiruvalla, 1999. [https://books.google.com/books?id=zmjZAAAAMAAJ&q=bishop+CBM+Frederick p. 62]</ref>
| predecessor = -
| successor =

| ordination =
| ordinated_by =
| consecration = 1996
| consecrated_by =
| rank =

| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| previous_post =
}}

'''Chevitipalle Bellum Moses Frederick'''<ref>[https://www.anglicannews.org/news/1996/10/aco-episcopal-appointments.aspx] (typo "Fredericks" in source)</ref> was the third [[Rayalaseema Diocese of the Church of South India|Bishop in Rayalaseema]] of the [[Church of South India]].<ref>[https://www.csicentralchurch.com/about/ CSI central Church]</ref>

==Further reading==
* {{cite book
| author=Rajaiah David Paul
| title=Ecumenism in action: a historical survey of the Church of South India
| year=1972
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=5cpWAAAAMAAJ
}}
;Notes
{{Reflist}}

{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Christianity|portal3= India}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-rel}}
{{Succession box| before=[[L.&nbsp;V. Azariah]]| title=[[Rayalaseema Diocese of the Church of South India|Bishop in Rayalaseema]] [[Church of South India]]| after=[[K.&nbsp;B. Yesu Vara Prasad]]| years=1996–2004}}
{{S-end}}

{{Dioceses in the Church of South India}}
{{India topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Frederick, Chevitipalle Bellum Moses}}
[[Category:Anglican bishops of Rayalaseema]]
[[Category:20th-century Anglican bishops in India]]
[[Category:21st-century Anglican bishops in India]]
[[Category:Senate of Serampore College (University) alumni]]
[[Category:Church of South India clergy]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian bishops]]
[[Category:Indian Christian religious leaders]]

{{India-Anglican-bishop-stub}}

C. B. M. Frederick

2025-11-02T09:59:01Z

Proctocure: Content refined and expanded

Bardhaman–Asansol section

2025-10-21T15:45:22Z

Proctocure:

{{Short description|Railway route in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width = 28em
| name = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|50px]] Barddhaman–Asansol section
| color = 800000
| logo = 
| logo_width = 100 px
| image = Railway stations in West Bengal 27.jpg
| image_width =
| caption = Khana Junction is an important railway station on Bardhaman–Asansol section
| type =
| system = Electrified
| status = Operational
| locale = [[West Bengal]]
| start = {{stnlnk|Bardhaman}}
| end = {{stnlnk|Asansol}}
| stations = 16
| routes =
| daily_ridership =
| open = 1855–1863
| close =
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| character =
| depot =
| stock =
| linelength = {{convert|106|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| tracklength =
| tracks = 4 (2 up and 2 dn)
| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| old_gauge =
| minradius =
| racksystem =
| electrification = 25 kV AC overhead in 1960−66
| speed = up to 130 kmph (80 mph)
| elevation =
| website =
| map = {{Bardhaman–Asansol section|inline=y}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}
The '''Barddhaman–Asansol section''' is a railway line connecting {{stnlnk|Bardhaman}} and {{stnlnk|Asansol}}. This {{convert|106|km}} track is part of the [[Howrah–Delhi main line]], [[Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line]] and [[Howrah–Allahabad–Mumbai line]]. It is under the jurisdiction of [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]], and is connected to the [[South Eastern Railway zone|South Eastern Railway]] through Asansol–Adra line at Asansol Jn and Kalipahari–Damodar connector at Kalipahari (this line is only used by freight trains).

==History==

===Beginning of railways in Eastern India===
The Howrah–Delhi railway line was planned via Rajmahal, using the level plains on the banks of the [[Ganges]]. During the middle of the nineteenth century coal mining had started in the [[Raniganj Coalfield]]. The coal was being mined by [[Carr, Tagore and Company]] owned primarily by [[Dwarakanath Tagore|Prince Dwarakanath Tagore]], and was transported in boats and barges on the [[Damodar River]] from Narayankuri ghat. The fluctuating levels of water in the Damodar was an impediment for the smooth transportation of coal.<ref name=timeline>{{cite web|first=R. P.| last=Saxena|title=Indian Railway History Time line|url=http://irse.bravehost.com/IRHTML.htm|work=Irse.bravehost.com|access-date=3 January 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229092028/http://irse.bravehost.com/IRHTML.htm| archive-date=29 February 2012}}</ref><ref name=history>{{cite web | url = http://www.irfca.org/~mrinal/history_ir.html | title = History of Indian Railways |publisher=Rail India | access-date = 2011-11-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121125155234/http://irfca.org/~mrinal/history_ir.html | archive-date = 25 November 2012 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=asansol>{{cite web | url = http://www.irfca.org/~mrinal/asansol.html | title = Asansol |publisher=Rail India | access-date = 2011-11-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170507171611/http://www.irfca.org/~mrinal/asansol.html | archive-date = 7 May 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Amongst the Indian merchants, in Mumbai and Kolkata, who took an active interest in the development of the railways, the most prominent name was that of Dwarakanath. M/s Carr, Tagore and Company is reported to have offered in 1844, to raise some capital for the construction of a railway line beyond Bardhaman to the Raniganj Coalfield. However, after Dwarakanath's premature death the conception, promotion and launching of India's railways were all British.<ref name=history/>
After the first run of a train in Eastern India from {{stnlnk|Howrah}} to {{stnlnk|Hooghly}} in 1854, [[East Indian Railway Company]] extended the tracks to Raniganj, beyond the plans of the route to Delhi, and on 1 February 1855, the first train ran from Hooghly to Raniganj.<ref name=timeline/> The railways were extended to Asansol in July 1863.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.irfca.org/~mrinal/asansol.html |title = Asansol |access-date = 2011-11-12 |publisher = Rail India |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170507171611/http://www.irfca.org/~mrinal/asansol.html |archive-date = 7 May 2017 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

Bengal Nagpur Railway extended its tracks to the Asansol coal belt in 1887, thus connecting Asansol with [[Adra, Purulia|Adra]], {{convert|37|km}} away. What was then the BNR mainline from Nagpur to Asansol was opened for goods traffic in 1891.<ref name=timeline/>

===The "main line"===
The first rail track between Howrah and Delhi was via what was later named as [[Sahibganj loop]] and the first train on the route was run in 1864. A "shorter main line" connecting Raniganj and [[Kiul Junction]] was in position in 1871 and the opening of the [[Grand Chord]] in 1907 shortened the distance from Howrah to Delhi even further.<ref name=timeline/>

The [[Andal–Sainthia branch line]] was built in 1913.<ref name=timeline/> The {{convert|73|km}} branch line linked the north-eastern part of Raniganj coalfield and the western part of Birbhum district to the main railway tracks.

===MEMU service===
The first MEMU service on the Bardhaman–Asansol section was started on 11 July 1994.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history5.html| title= IR history Part V (1970–1995)| publisher= IRFCA| access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref>

==Electrification==
The Bardhaman–Mankar sector was electrified in 1964–65, the Mankar–Waria sector in 1965–66 and the Waria–Asansol sector in 1960−61.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html|title = History of Electrification| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 16 April 2013}}</ref>

==Loco sheds==
There are diesel loco sheds at Bardhaman and Andal. Bardhaman diesel loco shed has WDG-3A, WDM-6, [[Indian locomotive class WDM-2|WDM-2]] and [[WDM-3A]] locos. [[Electrical multiple units|EMUs]] are also parked here. Andal diesel loco shed has WDS-6, WDM-2, WDM-3A and WDG-3A locos. Asansol had the oldest electric loco shed of Indian Railways. It presently has [[Indian locomotive class WAG-5|WAG-5]] and [[Indian locomotive class WAM-4|WAM-4]] locos.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-shed.html |title = Sheds and Workshops| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 18 April 2013}}</ref>

==Andal Yard==
The Andal Yard is the largest goods yard in the Asansol Division of Eastern Railway. Wagons are marshaled in the yard with the assistance of a hump fitted with mechanical retarders. Located in the [[Raniganj Coalfield]], the yard handles about 1,300 coal wagons daily and another 4,400 wagons with other materials. Apart from coal, it handles steel, petroleum products and a large parcel traffic.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.irse.bravehost.com/officialhistory.mht |title = Indian Railways |access-date = 2011-11-20 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235805/http://www.irse.bravehost.com/officialhistory.mht |archive-date = 25 April 2012 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Speed limits==
Most of the Bardhaman–Asansol section is classified as 'A' class line where trains can run up to 160 km per hour but in certain sections speeds may be limited to 120–130 km per hour. The Howrah Rajdhani (between Howrah and New Delhi) travels at an average speed of 85.8 km per hour and the Sealdah Rajdhani (between Sealdah and New Delhi) travels at an average speed of 84.70 km per hour.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-pway.html |title=Permanent Way| work= Track Classifications|access-date=2012-01-15 }}</ref><ref name=trivia>{{cite news |url= https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-trivia.html#fasttrack |title=Trivia| work= Highest speed sections of track|access-date=2012-01-15 }}</ref>

==Busy section==
It is one of the busiest sections of Indian Railways with Asansol handling over 50 trains in a day.<ref name=trivia/>

==Railway reorganisation==
In 1952, [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]], [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]] and [[North Eastern Railway zone|North Eastern Railway]] were formed. Eastern Railway was formed with a portion of [[East Indian Railway Company]], east of Mughalsarai and [[Bengal Nagpur Railway]]. Northern Railway was formed with a portion of East Indian Railway Company west of Mughalsarai, Jodhpur Railway, Bikaner Railway and Eastern Punjab Railway. North Eastern Railway was formed with [[Oudh and Tirhut Railway]], Assam Railway and a portion of [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-geog.html#newzone |title = Geography – Railway Zones| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 28 March 2014}}</ref> East Central Railway was created in 1996–97.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ecr.indianrailways.gov.in/ |title = East Central Railway| publisher= ECR| access-date = 28 March 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railways in Eastern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bardhaman - Asansol section}}
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Asansol railway division|*]]
[[Category:Transport in Asansol]]
[[Category:Howrah railway division|*]]
[[Category:Transport in Purba Bardhaman district]]

Tarjuman al-Sunnah

2025-10-06T03:33:30Z

Proctocure:

{{Short description|Book by Badre Alam Merathi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Tarjuman al-Sunnah
| image = Cover of Tarjuman al-Sunnah.jpg
| caption = Urdu cover
| author = [[Badre Alam Merathi]]
| title_orig = ترجمان السنہ
| orig_lang_code = ur
| country = British India
| language = Urdu
| subject = [[Hadith]]
| genre = Translation & Commentary
| media_type = Print
| oclc = 907678565
| dewey = 297.125
| publisher = [[Nadwatul Musannifeen]]
| isbn = 9789640437292
| isbn_note = Persian
}}
'''''Tarjuman al-Sunnah''''' ({{langx|ur|ترجمان السنہ}}) is a four-volume hadith work by [[Badre Alam Merathi]] in Urdu. In this work, he systematically organizes a variety of [[Hadith|hadiths]] under specific chapter headings, primarily focusing on matters of [[Iman (Islam)|belief]].<ref name=":legacy">{{Cite book |last1=Kajee |first1=Imraan |url=https://spirituallight.co.za/node/141 |title=The legacy of the Ulama of Deoband |last2=Kajee |first2=Moosa |publisher=Spiritual Light |year=2018 |isbn=979-8861344210 |location=South Africa |page=55 |language=en |access-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925151938/http://spirituallight.co.za/node/141 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Beyond addressing contemporary challenges and ideologies, the compilation covers topics such as hadith compilation, authentication, scholars' biographies, and various aspects of Islamic teachings.<ref name=":Adrawi">{{Cite book |last=Adrawi |first=Asir |url=https://archive.org/download/Maktaba-Maulana-Nizamuddin-Aseer-Adravi-Sahib/Dabistan-i-Deoband-Ki-Ilmi-Khidmaat.pdf |title=Dabistan-i Deoband ki Ilmi Khidmaat |publisher=Darulmuaallifeen |year=1995 |location=Deoband, UP, India |page=150 |language=ur |oclc=47964786 |author-link=Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi}}</ref> Originating from [[Nadwatul Musannifeen]]'s literary initiative, the first volume was completed in [[Partition of India|pre-partition India]], while the final volume was finished in [[Medina]] after 17 years.<ref name=":Riyasathullah">{{Cite thesis |last=Riyasathullah |first=Mohamed |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/295877 |title=Ahadees Kay Urdu Tarajim |publisher=Department of Arabic, [[University of Madras]] |year=2012 |location=India |language=ur |hdl=10603/295877 |type=PhD |access-date=2023-10-25 |archive-date=2023-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025050302/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/295877 |url-status=live |page=96}}</ref>

== Background ==
The book's introduction explains the reason behind the compilation, emphasizing the need for a contemporary reevaluation of hadiths.{{Sfn|Khan|1999|p=62}} It suggests that traditional collections may not adequately address the challenges of the present era.{{Sfn|Khan|1999|p=63}} The author advocates for a dynamic approach in understanding and applying the sayings of the Prophet to current international and social issues, encouraging scholars to explore new compositions aligned with the intricacies of the time. The goal is to bridge the relevance gap between historical debates and the pressing concerns of today, fostering a more contextual and applicable understanding of Islamic guidance.{{Sfn|Khan|1999|p=64}} Despite the author's initial intention to write eight to ten volumes, the project concluded with four volumes.{{Sfn|Bukhari|1985|p=35}} The October 1949 issue of ''[[Monthly Maarif]]'' from [[Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy]] published a detailed review of the first volume,{{Sfn|Khan|1999|p=66}} and a review of volume 3 was also published in the ''[[Monthly Al-Furqan]]'' in the September 1957 issue.{{Sfn|Khan|1999|p=69}}

== Volumes ==
The book begins with the first volume, which is centered on the [[Tawhid]], preceded by discussions on [[Hadith studies|hadith science]] and related topics. Subheadings within the Book of Tawhid systematically feature quoted hadith texts, followed by common understandings and translations. Footnotes present relevant legal rulings, maintaining consistency throughout the chapters.<ref name=":Abdul Waris">{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Abdul Waris |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebook-detail/islami-uloom-mein-nadwat-ul-musannifin-ki-khidmaat-ek-mutala-abdul-waris-khan-ebooks |title=Islāmi Uloom mai Nadwatul Musannifeen ki Khidmāt: Ek mutāla |date=1999 |publisher=Islamic Book Foundation |location=New Delhi |page=65 |trans-title=The contribution of Nadwatul Musannifeen in Islamic studies: A study |access-date=19 January 2024 |archive-date=8 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808093141/https://www.rekhta.org/ebook-detail/islami-uloom-mein-nadwat-ul-musannifin-ki-khidmaat-ek-mutala-abdul-waris-khan-ebooks |url-status=live }}</ref> The author introduces a new categorization of hadiths, shaping subsequent volumes.{{Sfn|Khan|1999|p=66}} The second volume covers themes such as Belief in the Unseen, Certainty and Faith, Faith of the Companions, Qualities of a Believer, Reality and Types of Polytheism, Hypocrisy, and Hypocrites.{{Sfn|Khan|1999|p=67}} The third volume continues to examine the Book of Faith, addressing [[Predestination in Islam|Predestination]] and [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Prophets]] with an introduction quoting [[Shah Waliullah Dehlawi]]'s judgments.{{Sfn|Khan|1999|p=68}} The fourth volume focuses on miracles, beginning with a 113-page article that covers topics such as the reality of miracles in the Qur'an, the status of sensory miracles, and the comparison of miracles to magic.{{Sfn|Khan|1999|p=69}}

== Reception ==
It has received acclaim from scholars. Imraan Kajee and Moosa Kajee, authors of ''The Legacy of the Ulama of Deoband'', and [[Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi]] commend it as a unique book in Urdu of its kind.{{Sfn|Kajee|Kajee|2018|p=54}}{{Sfn|Adrawi|1995|p=151}} Abdul Waris Khan, recognizing its scholarly significance, praises the author's excellence in traversing hadiths with intellectual capacity.{{Sfn|Khan|1999|p=64}} [[Khalid Mahmud]], former Justice of the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]], describes it as a splendid scholarly treasure, the greatest service to hadiths in its era.<ref name=":Bukhari">{{Cite book |last=Bukhari |first=Akbar Shah |url=https://archive.org/details/Maktaba-Hafiz-Muhammad-Akbar-Shah-Bukhari-Sahib/Seerat-i-Badr-i-Alam |title=Seerat-e Badre Alam |publisher=HM Sayed Company |year=1985 |location=Karachi, Pakistan |page=35 |language=ur}}</ref> [[Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi]], former head of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], notes its popularity among both elites and the general public.{{Sfn|Bukhari|1985|p=36}} [[Anzar Shah Kashmiri]] hails it as a masterpiece in Urdu, displaying exceptional individuality in Islamic scholarship.{{Sfn|Bukhari|1985|p=37}} Mohamed Riyasathullah from the [[University of Madras]] considers it a widely accepted scholarly achievement.{{Sfn|Riyasathullah|2012|p=95}} Mohd Kaleem from [[Aligarh Muslim University]] deems it essential reading, presenting comprehensive satisfaction on Islam.<ref name=":Kaleem">{{Cite thesis |last=Kaleem |first=Mohd |title=Contribution of Old boys of Darul uloom Deoband in Hadith Literature |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2017 |location=India |language=ur |hdl=10603/364028 |type=PhD |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/364028 |access-date=24 October 2023 |archive-date=24 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024044219/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/364028 |url-status=live |page=278}}</ref> [[Yusuf Banuri]] concludes that it is an unmatched masterpiece, destined to be a living memory and an ongoing source of benefit for scholars.<ref name=":IP">{{Cite web |last=Shabbir |first=Yusuf |date=2018 |title=Profile of Mawlana Muhammad Badr Alam Mirti |url=https://islamicportal.co.uk/profile-of-mawlana-muhammad-badr-alam-mirti/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610230149/https://islamicportal.co.uk/profile-of-mawlana-muhammad-badr-alam-mirti/ |archive-date=10 June 2023 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Islamic Portal |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Deobandi hadith studies]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* [[iarchive:3_20240106_20240106|''Tarjuman al-Sunnah'']] at [[Internet Archive]]
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Deobandi hadith literature]]
[[Category:Books by Badre Alam Merathi]]
[[Category:Hadith commentaries]]
[[Category:Islamic literature]]
[[Category:Sunni literature]]
[[Category:Urdu-language books]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian books]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Nadwatul Musannifeen books]]

List of years in Indian television

2025-10-05T07:53:10Z

Proctocure: stub

{{short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}

This is a list of '''years in [[Television in India|Indian television]]'''.

== Twenty-first century ==
{{Years in decade|2020|Indian television}}
{{Years in decade|2010|Indian television|}}
{{Years in decade|2000|Indian television}}

== Twentieth century ==
{{years in decade|1990|Indian television}}
{{years in decade|1980|Indian television}}
{{years in decade|1970|Indian television|first=1976}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Television|Indian}}
*[[List of years in India]]
*[[List of Indian films]]
*[[List of years in television]]

{{Years in Indian TV}}
{{Television in India}}
{{Lists of years in television}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Years in Indian television}}
[[Category:Indian television-related lists]]
[[Category:Television timelines|Indian]]
[[Category:Television in India by year| ]]
[[Category:Year lists in television by country|Indian television]]

Lavingji Thakor

2025-09-04T18:52:02Z

Proctocure:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

'''Lavingji Muljiji Solanki Thakor''' (born 1955)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Solanki Lavingji Muljiji Thakor(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- RADHANPUR(PATAN) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Gujarat2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=5388 |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Gujarat]]. He is a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from Radhanpur Assembly constituency in [[Patan district]]. He won the [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] representing Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radhanpur Assembly Seat, Gujarat Election 2022 – Get Radhanpur constituency news updates and complete details {{!}} Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/radhanpur-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203041912/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/radhanpur-16 |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Thakor is from [[Radhanpur]], Patan district, Gujarat. He is the son of Muljiji Solanki. He studied at the Primary School, Parsud, Santalpur taluk, Patan district, till Class 4 and later discontinued his studies. His profession before entering political life was farming.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Thakor won from [[Radhanpur Assembly constituency]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radhanpur Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Lavingji Muljiji Solanki Of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/elections/radhanpur-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-6562717.html |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He polled 104,512 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Raghubhai Desai of the [[Indian National Congress]], by 22,467 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Highlights {{!}} Radhanpur Election Result 2022: Setback for Congress as BJPs Lavingji Solanki registers victory; AAP candidate loses deposit |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/radhanpur-gujarat-assembly-election-2022-result-live-updates-vidhan-sabha-chunav-bjp-shrilavingji-thakor-congress-raghubhai-desai-aap-lalabhai-thakor-2545462 |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref> He became an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] for the first time winning the Radhanpur seat in the [[1995 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] as an [[Independent politician|independent candidate]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-07 |title=Radhanpur Election Result 2022 LIVE: BJP's Lavingji Muljiji Solanki defeats Raghubhai Desai of Congress by 22,467 votes - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/gujarat-election-result-2022-radhanpur-legislative-assembly-election-winner-losers-vote-margin-news-updates-15355791.htm |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref> He lost the [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] to [[Alpesh Thakor|Alpesh Khadaji Thakor]] of the Indian National Congress by 14,857 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=marathi |title=Gujarat radhanpur Election Results, Gujarat Elections 2022 Vote Counting LIVE |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/electionselections/gujarat-assembly-election-2022/gujarat-radhanpur-constituency-16.html |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakor, Lavingji}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 1995–1998]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Patan district]]

Communal Award

2025-08-26T09:23:04Z

Proctocure: updated page

{{Short description|1932 statement on minority electorates in British India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Confusing|date=April 2022|reason=was this a law or a statement of some sort? Explain more fully what the separate electorate was and how it was changed}}
{{refimprove|date=April 2025}}
The '''Communal Award''' was created by [[British Prime Minister]] [[Ramsay MacDonald]] on 16 August 1932. Also known as the MacDonald Award, it was announced after the [[Round Table Conference]] (1930–1932) and extended the [[separate electorate]] to the Depressed Classes (now known as the [[Scheduled Castes]]) and other minorities.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Metcalf |first1=Barbara |last2=Metcalf |first2=Thomas |year=2006 |title=A Concise History of Modern India |edition=2nd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=194 |isbn=978-0-521-86362-9}}</ref> The separate electorate had been introduced by the [[Indian Councils Act 1909]] for the Muslims<ref>{{cite book |last1=Metcalf |first1=Barbara |last2=Metcalf |first2=Thomas |year=2006 |title=A Concise History of Modern India |edition=2nd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=160–161 |isbn=978-0-521-86362-9}}</ref> and extended to the Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans by the [[Government of India Act 1919]].<ref>[https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/government-of-india-act-1919-montagu-chelmsford-reforms-main-features-of-the-act-1443012001-1] 'Government-of-india-act-1919-montagu-chelmsford-reforms-main-features-of-the-act'</ref>

The separate electorate was now available to the [[Muslims]], [[Sikhs]], [[Christianity in India|Indian Christians]], [[Anglo-Indians]], [[Europeans]] and Depressed Classes (now known as the Scheduled Castes) etc. The principle of weightage was also applied.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Helen M. |date=1979 |title=The communal award: The process of decision-making |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=2 |issue=1–2 |pages=112–129 |doi=10.1080/00856407908722988}}</ref> Sir [[Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood|Samuel Hoare]] asked for clarification of the ninth and last paragraph, which applied directly to the Depressed Classes. The award favoured the minorities over the Hindus, which caused consternation and elicited anger from [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref>''The Bombay Chronicle,'' 18 August 1932, in Dhananjay Keer, ''Dr. Ambedkar: Life and Mission'' (Popular Prakashan, 1971), p.204.</ref> From the fastness of Yervada Jail he made contact with the Cabinet in London declaring in September 1932 an open fast until death.

The reason behind introduction of Communal Award was that MacDonald considered himself as 'a friend of the Indians' and thus wanted to resolve the issues in India. The Communal Award was announced after the failure of the Second of the [[Round Table Conferences (India)]] and attracted severe criticism from Gandhi.

The Award was controversial as it was perceived by many Hindus to be aimed at causing social divides in India, and Gandhi feared that it would disintegrate Hindu society. However, the Communal Award was supported by many among India's [[minority group|minority communities]], most notably [[B. R. Ambedkar]], who insisted on separate electorates for Scheduled Castes. According to Ambedkar, Gandhi was ready to award separate electorates to Muslims and Sikhs but was reluctant to give separate electorates to the Scheduled Castes. He feared division within both Congress and Hindu society from the Scheduled Castes having separate representation.

The [[Akali Dal]], the representative body of the Sikhs, was also highly critical of the Award since only 19% was reserved to the Sikhs in [[Punjab]], as opposed to 51% for the Muslims and 30% for the Hindus.<ref name="Engineer2006">{{cite book|author=Asgharali Engineer|title=They too fought for India's freedom: the role of minorities|year=2006|publisher=Hope India Publications|isbn=978-81-7871-091-4|page=177}}</ref> Gandhi concurred with the revival of ''[[Swaraj]]'', which became policy in May 1934 on ratification by the All-India Congress Committee. The government reluctantly agreed to lift the ban on Congress and in return received anxious support from the [[All-India Muslim League]], which was still smarting over Gandhi's [[majoritarianism]]. After lengthy negotiations, Gandhi reached an agreement with Ambedkar to have a single Hindu electorate, but there would be reserved seats for Scheduled Castes. The [[Poona Pact]] rejected any further advancement for the [[Dalit|Untouchables]] but satisfied the other electorates like Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans since they would remain separate.

During the parliamentary debates on the Government of India Act, the Untouchables gained a notable champion in a [[British Conservative|Conservative]] MP, [[Albert Goodman]]. He stressed that their poverty should be ameliorated by greater representation in the provincial assemblies. However, the Muslim League remained ambivalent to the Communal Award, and its ratification by the Central Assembly remained a priority.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book
| last = Menon
| first = V.P.
| author-link = V.P. Menon
| title = Transfer of Power in India
| publisher = Orient Blackswan
| year = 1998
| pages = 49
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hxdwpfLfEeoC
| isbn =978-81-250-0884-2}}

[[Category:Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Dalit politics]]
[[Category:Dalit history]]
[[Category:1932 in India]]
[[Category:Reservation in India]]
[[Category:B. R. Ambedkar]]

Uracheri Gurukkanmar

2025-08-16T01:11:22Z

Proctocure: Started A Info

'''Uracheri Gurukkanmar''' ( Also Known as '''Puthusseri Gurukkal''' 18th Century Pandits) were men who taught [[Hermann Gundert|Herman Gundert]] [[Sanskrit]] and [[Malayalam]]. Records show that he lived in the 18th century<ref name=test2>{{Cite web |url=http://lsgkerala.in/choklipanchayat/history/ |title=ചൊക്ലി ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്, ചരിത്രം, സാംസ്കാരികചരിത്രം |access-date=2014-07-24 |archive-date=2014-07-24 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140724104607/http://lsgkerala.in/choklipanchayat/history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=test3>[http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/02/11/stories/2005021101990300.htm The Hindu, Thalassery's Gundert legacy ]</ref>
The Five brothers were born to the Kaviyur, the [[Thiyya]] family in Chokli near Thalassery.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TDCKdPpbFPAC |title=Land and people of Indian states and union territories |page=289 |quote=This Bungalow in Tellicherry ... was the residence of Dr. Herman Gundert .He lived here for 20 years |author=S. C. Bhatt and Gopal K. Bhargava |isbn=978-81-7835-370-8 |year=2005 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527102140/https://books.google.com/books?id=TDCKdPpbFPAC |archive-date=27 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Gurukulam LP School, founded in 1871, was founded by the Urachery Gurukkal. Their job was to herd the cows of the lords.<ref name="Gundartinte_Gurunadhanmar">{{cite book|title=ഗുണ്ടർട്ടിന്റെ ഗുരുനാഥന്മാർ|url=https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B08aZJvHPlMFeDdGRUlCLUl6MTQ/edit?pli=1|type=|isbn=978-81-300-1398-5|language=ml|author=പന്ന്യന്നൂർ ഭാസി|publisher=നളന്ദ പബ്ബ്ലിക്കേഷൻ|chapter=ഊരാച്ചേരി ഗുരുനാഥന്മാർ|pages=26–34|access-date=30 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630031716/https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B08aZJvHPlMFeDdGRUlCLUl6MTQ/edit?pli=1|archive-date=2016-06-30|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> During this time, she learned to read and write outside the school.<ref name="Gundartinte_Gurunadhanmar"/> The Guru, seeing the extraordinary intelligence of these children, taught them inside the school with the permission of the lords.<ref name="Gundartinte_Gurunadhanmar"/> They quickly developed their knowledge and quickly became teachers of the country.<ref name="Gundartinte_Gurunadhanmar"/>
The following are the five Uracheri Gurunathanmar.

1.Kunjikannan Gurunathan(1764–1841),

2.Kunjichanthan Gurunathan,

3.Othenan Gurunathan

4.Chathappan Gurunathan,

5.Koran Gurunathan<ref name=test2/><ref name="123h">{{cite book|last=K s. Mathew|year=1500–1962|title=maritime malabar and europeans|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T0duAAAAMAAJ&q=ooracheri+gurunadhan|publisher=Books of india|page=468|access-date=August 9, 2008|isbn=9788178710297}}</ref><ref name=test1>{{Cite web |url=http://lsgkerala.in/choklipanchayat/general-information/description/ |title=ചൊക്ലി ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്, പഞ്ചായത്തിലൂടെ, ചൊക്ലി - 2010 |access-date=2014-07-24 |archive-date=2014-07-24 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140724104443/http://lsgkerala.in/choklipanchayat/general-information/description/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Gurus were fragrant poets. Hence, the area where they lived was later known as Kaviyoor.<ref name="Gundartinte_Gurunadhanmar"/> Hermann Gundert heard about them and sought them out to learn Malayalam. Gundert had mastered the Malayalam language by inviting Urachery gurus to Illukkunnu where he lived. Urachery Gurunathan was also the inspiration for compiling the first dictionary in Malayalam. The only surviving monument to these gurus is the house where they lived in Kaviyoor.<ref name="Gundartinte_Gurunadhanmar"/>

==References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:18th-century Indian people]]

[[Category:19th-century Indian educators]]
[[ml:ഊരാച്ചേരി ഗുരുനാഥന്മാർ]]
{{more cats|date=December 2021}}

Old Ministers' Hill Ward

2025-07-29T06:30:58Z

Proctocure: data

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = Old Ministers' Hill Ward
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|Ward]] under [[Kohima]]
| established_title = Incorporated
| established_date =
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
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| pushpin_map = India Nagaland
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nagaland, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.656462|N|94.096663|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of urban centres in Nagaland|City]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kohima]]
| parts_type =
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| government_type =
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name =
| area_footnotes =
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| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| footnotes =
}}

'''Old Ministers' Hill Ward''' is a ward located under [[Nagaland]]'s capital city, [[Kohima]]. The ward falls under the designated Ward No. 14 of the [[Kohima Municipal Council]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map.html|title=Map of Kohima/ wards and colonies|publisher=[[Kohima Municipal Council]]|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=28 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728210828/https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Education==
'''Educational Institutions in Old Ministers' Hill Ward:'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://study4sure.com/institutes/schools/nagaland/kohima/school.php?place=Ward%2014%20-%20Porterlane|date=10 May 2018|title=Schools in Ward 14 - Porterlane, Kohima district of Nagaland|website=Study 4 Sure|access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref>
* Dainty Buds School
* [[Ministers' Hill Baptist Higher Secondary School]]
* RDNUMS School

==See also==
* [[Municipal Wards of Kohima]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map14.html Map of Kohima Ward No. 14]

[[Category:Kohima]]
[[Category:Wards of Kohima]]