https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=PriyupranavBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-04T19:33:02ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taleju_Bhawani&diff=539382Taleju Bhawani2026-05-08T10:15:19Z<p>Priyupranav: Stub</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Nepalese goddess}}<br />
{{Infobox deity<br />
| type = Hindu<br />
| name = Taleju Bhawani<br />
| image = Taleju Bhawani goddess.jpg<br />
| caption = Anthropomorphic form of Taleju in [[Bhaktapur Durbar Square]] from 1754.<br />
| other_names = {{flatlist|<br />
* Talajyu<br />
* Taleju<br />
* Tulja Devi<br />
* Tripurasundari<br />
}}<br />
| deity_of = Royal tutelary goddess of the [[Malla dynasty (Nepal)|Malla kings]]; [[Tantra|tantric]] manifestation of [[Durga]]<br />
| venerated_in = {{flatlist|<br />
* [[Hinduism]]<br />
* [[Shaktism]]<br />
* [[Tantra|Tantric]]<br />
}}<br />
| abode = [[Kathmandu Durbar Square]], [[Nepal,]]<br />
| consort = [[Shiva]]<br />
| mount = [[Lion]]<br />
| weapon = {{hlist|[[Trishula]]|[[Chakra]]|[[Sword]]|[[Shield]]|[[Noose]]}}<br />
| symbol = {{hlist|[[Sri Yantra]]|[[Vermilion|Red vermilion]]|[[Dice]]}}<br />
| mantra = Jai Simrāu (of Simraungadh) Taleju, Bhaktapur vāsini”<br />
ॐ श्रीं ह्रीं क्लीं ऐं श्रीं त्रिपुरसुन्दरीायै नमः<br />
<br />
| affiliation = {{hlist|[[Durga]]|[[Devi]]|[[Shakti]]|[[Tripura Sundari|Tripurasundari]]}}<br />
| festivals = {{flatlist|<br />
* [[Dashain]]<br />
* [[Navaratri]]<br />
* [[Mahanavami]]<br />
}}<br />
| temples = {{flatlist|<br />
* [[Taleju Temple, Kathmandu]]<br />
* Taleju Temple, Patan<br />
* Taleju Temple, Bhaktapur<br />
* Taleju Temple, Simraungadh<br />
}}<br />
| region = [[Nepal]]<br />
| cult_center = [[Kathmandu Valley, Mithila]]<br />
| gender = [[Female]]<br />
| day = {{hlist|[[Tuesday]]|[[Saturday]]}}<br />
| color = [[Red]]<br />
| animals = {{hlist|[[Lion]]|[[Bubalina|Buffalo]]}}<br />
}}{{Contains special characters|Indic}}<br />
'''Taleju''' ([[Devanagari]]: तलेजु; [[Newar script|Newar]]: {{Lang|new|𑐟𑐮𑐾𑐖𑐸}}) also venerated as '''Taleju Bhavani''' and '''Taleju Maju''' ([[Newar language|Newar]]: {{Lang|new|𑐟𑐮𑐾𑐖𑐸 𑐩𑐵𑐖𑐸}}, ''taleju māju,'' "mother taleju")<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shrestha |first=Purushottam Lochan |date=March 1988 |title=bhaktapura taleju ko thā puja ek aitihāsika vislesana |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_104_04.pdf |journal=Ancient Nepal |language=ne |volume=104 |pages=10}}</ref>, is a goddess worshipped in Nepal as the revered form of the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] [[Devi|goddess]] [[Durga]]. She served as the royal tutelary deity (''kuladevi'') of the [[Malla dynasty (Nepal)|Malla dynasty]] rulers in the [[Kathmandu Valley]]. Her principal shrine is the [[Taleju Temple, Kathmandu|Taleju Temple]] in [[Kathmandu Durbar Square]], one of Nepal’s most culturally and historically significant Hindu temples.<br />
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== Etymology and origins ==<br />
The name ''Taleju'' is believed to derive from the goddess [[Tripura Sundari]], or as a [[Tantra|tantric]] manifestation of [[Durga]]. Her [[worship]] was introduced to the [[Kathmandu Valley]] by the [[Malla dynasty (Nepal)|Malla kings]] in the 14th century, with roots possibly tracing back to the [[Karnats of Mithila|Karnata dynasty]] of [[Simraungadh]], who brought the goddess's [[yantra]] north during times of invasion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pant |first=Sambid Bilas |title=The Mysterious Goddess Taleju Bhawani, A Terrifying Demon and the Living Goddess |url=https://mandalas.life/2022/the-mysterious-goddess-taleju-bhawani-a-terrifying-demon-and-the-living-goddess/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=Mandalas Life |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chavan |first=Akshay |date=2018-09-15 |title=The Goddess Who Went to Nepal |url=https://www.peepultree.world/livehistoryindia/story/intersections/the-goddess-who-went-to-nepal |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=PeepulTree |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-11 |title=Nepal's Taleju Bhawani Temple opens its door on Maha Navami, sacrifice for Dashain enters final day - www.lokmattimes.com |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/international/nepals-taleju-bhawani-temple-opens-its-door-on-maha-navami-sacrifice-for-dashain-enters-final-day/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=Lokmat Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Taleju Playing Dice with Malla King.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|[[Myth|Mythological]] depiction of Taleju Bhawani [[Dice|playing dice]] with a [[Malla dynasty (Nepal)|Malla king]] — a symbolic narrative representing [[Divinity|divine]] guidance and royal legitimacy.]]<br />
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According to legend, King [[Harisimhadeva]] received a divine vision instructing him to retrieve the sacred [[Shri Yantra]] associated with Taleju from the [[Sarju|Sarayu River]]. He later carried it to [[Nepal]] with Queen [[Deval Devi|Devaladevi]] and Prince Jagatsimha, after which the [[goddess]] was formally installed and [[Veneration|venerated]] in the Valley.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Living Goddess visits Taleju Bhawani |url=https://kathmandupost.com/valley/2015/10/22/living-goddess-visits-taleju-bhawani |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=The Kathmandu Post |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-08 |title=Kumari: The embodiment of Taleju Bhawani |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/kumari-the-embodiment-oftaleju-bhawani |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Mythology ==<br />
Taleju is considered a [[Tantra|tantric]] form of [[Durga]] in her aspect as [[Mahishasuramardini]], the slayer of the buffalo demon. She is said to have appeared in the dream of King [[Mahendra Malla]], instructing him to build her a temple in [[Kathmandu]]. From that point on, she became the divine protector and legitimizing force behind the [[Malla kingdom|Malla monarchy]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-29 |title=Taleju Bhawani & Kumari - Sannidhi The Presence |url=https://sannidhi.net/taleju-bhawani-kumari/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=sannidhi.net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-09 |title=Kumari - The Living Goddess of Nepal, Selection and Importance |url=https://www.altitudehimalaya.com/blog/kumari-goddess |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=Altitude Himalaya |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-09 |title=Kumari: The Living Incarnation of a Goddess |url=https://www.tipsnepal.com/kumari-the-living-incarnation-of-a-goddess/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=Tips Nepal |language=en}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Taleju Bhawani Hanumandhoka Durbar Square Kathmandu Nepal Rajesh Dhungnaa (17).jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|Another view of the [[Taleju Temple, Kathmandu|Taleju Bhawani Temple]] at [[Hanuman Dhoka|Hanuman Dhoka Durbar Square]], showcasing its architectural prominence.]]<br />
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The goddess was worshipped in both yantric (geometric) and iconic forms, although her actual presence is believed to reside within the [[Shri Yantra]]. Worship is conducted through secret tantric rituals involving visualization, [[mantra]], and offerings, usually performed by [[Rajopadhyaya]] and Karmacharya priests.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tech |first=Versity |title=Every Details about Kumari: The Living Goddess of Nepal |url=https://himalayantrekking.com/blog/kumari-the-living-goddess/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=himalayantrekking.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Idol of Taleju Bhawani reinstated in temple |url=https://english.nepalpress.com/2024/10/13/idol-of-taleju-bhawani-reinstated-in-temple/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=Nepal Press |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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== Temples and architecture ==<br />
[[File:Taleju Bhawani temple.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|The [[Taleju Temple, Kathmandu|Taleju Bhawani Temple]] in [[Kathmandu Durbar Square]], a significant site of royal and religious devotion to the goddess.]]<br />
Three major Taleju temples exist in the Kathmandu Valley—located in [[Kathmandu]], [[Patan, Nepal|Patan]], and [[Bhaktapur]]. The Taleju Temple in Kathmandu, constructed in 1564 CE by King [[Mahendra Malla]], is the most prominent. Built in pagoda style with a twelve-stage plinth and inspired by the structure of the [[Sri Yantra|Shri Yantra]], it is opened to the public only once annually on the ninth day of [[Dashain]] ''[[Navaratri|Mahanavami]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dhakal |first=Ashish |date=2022-01-08 |title=Who looted Nepal's gods? |url=https://nepalitimes.com/here-now/who-looted-nepals-gods |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=nepalitimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal's Goddess Kumari, The Only Living Deity in the World |url=https://heavenhimalaya.com/goddess-kumari/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=Heaven HImalaya |language=en}}</ref><br />
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<ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Facts about Taleju Bhawani Temple (Kathmandu) |url=https://nepaltraveller.com/sidetrack/191 |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=Nepal Traveller |language=en}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-08 |title=Idol of Taleju Bhawani reinstated in temple |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/idol-of-taleju-bhawani-reinstated-in-temple-670b549f0c3f0.html |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=MyRepublica |language=en}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2023-10-23 |title=Keeping with annual tradition, Nepal's Taleju Temple opens for public on ninth day of Dashain |url=https://theprint.in/world/keeping-with-annual-tradition-nepals-taleju-temple-opens-for-public-on-ninth-day-of-dashain/1815686/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-10-14 |title=Covid-19: Nepal's Taleju Bhawani Temple opens for devotees after 2 years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/covid-19-nepals-taleju-bhawani-temple-opens-for-devotees-after-gap-of-2-years/articleshow/87018795.cms |access-date=2025-07-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samiti |first=Rastriya Samachar |date=2021-10-12 |title=Taleju Bhawani temple to be opened on Mahanawami |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/taleju-bhawani-temple-to-be-opened-on-mahanawami |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{Cite news |last=Database |first=Nepal |date=2024-07-21 |title=Architectural and Cultural Significance of Taleju Temple in Kathmandu |url=https://www.nepaldatabase.com/architectural-and-cultural-significance-of-taleju-temple-in-kathmandu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430163526/https://www.nepaldatabase.com/architectural-and-cultural-significance-of-taleju-temple-in-kathmandu |archive-date=2025-04-30 |access-date=2025-07-11 |work=Nepal Database |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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== Connection with the Kumari ==<br />
[[File:Kumari.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Chanira Bajracharya, the Kumari of Patan, during a procession in 2011]]<br />
[[File:Taleju Bhawani in Golden gate of Bhaktapur.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|Depiction of Taleju Bhawani above the Golden Gate in [[Bhaktapur]], reflecting her royal and protective presence in [[Malla dynasty (Nepal)|Malla]]-era architecture.]]<br />
[[File:Torana de la porte d'or (Bhaktapur) (8554838949).jpg|thumb|alt=Golden Gate torana in Bhaktapur|The Torana above the Golden Gate (Sun Dhoka) at [[Bhaktapur Durbar Square]], [[Nepal]]]]<br />
Taleju Bhawani is integrally linked to the living goddess tradition of [[Kumari (goddess)|Kumari]] worship. According to oral legend, she used to visit King [[Jayaprakash Malla]] to play dice and give him counsel. One night, he broke a taboo by harboring impure intentions toward her. Angered, the [[goddess]] disappeared and declared that she would return only in the form of a young virgin girl.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devotees at Taleju Bhawani temple on Maha Navami |url=https://nepalnews.com/s/capital/devotees-at-taleju-bhawani-temple-on-maha-navami/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=Nepal News |language=en}}</ref><br />
[[File:Rare Picture of Toran Inside Taleju Bhawani temple, only hindus are allowed to enter temple.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|Rare image of the inner Torana inside the [[Taleju Temple, Kathmandu|Taleju Bhawani temple]]. Entry is restricted to [[Hindus]], reflecting traditional temple protocols.]]<br />
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Following her divine instructions, the Kumari tradition began. A prepubescent girl of the [[Shakyamuni|Shakya]] caste is chosen through rigorous criteria to become the living embodiment of Taleju. She resides in the Kumari Ghar and appears during rituals and festivals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-11 |title=Nepal's Taleju Bhawani Temple opens its door on Maha Navami, sacrifice for Dashain enters final day - Public TV English |url=https://english.publictv.in/nepals-taleju-bhawani-temple-opens-its-door-on-maha-navami-sacrifice-for-dashain-enters-final-day/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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The goddess is believed to communicate through the Kumari’s expressions:<br />
* '''Tears''': Imminent death<br />
* '''Laughter''': National crisis<br />
* '''Trembling''': War or unrest<br />
* '''Picking offerings''': Famine or loss<br />
* '''Stillness''': Blessings and peace<br />
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<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-27 |title=Taleju Bhawani in Kathmandu: The story of a king and his 'living goddess' |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/taleju-bhawani-in-kathmandu-the-story-of-a-king-and-his-living-goddess.html |access-date=2025-07-11 |language=en-GB}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{Cite web |last=Board |first=Nepal Tourism |title=LIVING GODDESS KUMARI |url=https://ntb.gov.np/living-goddess-kumari |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=ntb.gov.np |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{cite book<br />
| last = Shakya<br />
| first = Durga<br />
| title = The Goddess Tulaja and Kumari in Nepali Culture: A collection of research articles about Iṣṭadevī Tulaja Bhawānī and ārādhyadevī Kumarī Bhawānī<br />
| publisher = Kumari Publication<br />
| year = 2013<br />
| location = Kathmandu<br />
| isbn = 9789937269223<br />
| pages = 45–60<br />
}}</ref><br />
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== Cultural significance ==<br />
Taleju Bhawani represented not just spiritual authority, but also the political sovereignty of the [[Malla dynasty (Nepal)|Malla kings]]. Even after the fall of the [[King of Nepal|monarchy]], she continues to be honored in public rituals, festivals, and the enduring [[Kumari (goddess)|Kumari]] tradition.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-11 |title=Kumari: The legends of manifestation of Goddess Taleju {{!}} Bhaktapur.com |url=https://www.bhaktapur.com/kumari-the-legends-of-manifestation-of-goddess-taleju/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=orientalarchitecture.com |title=Taleju Bhawani Temple, Kathmandu, Nepal |url=https://www.orientalarchitecture.com/sid/1657/nepal/kathmandu/taleju-bhawani-temple |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=Asian Architecture |language=EN}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Le temple de Taleju dans le palais royal (Patan) (8610057178).jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|Taleju Bhawani Temple in the royal palace complex of Patan ([[Lalitpur, Nepal|Lalitpur]]), one of the key shrines established by the [[Malla dynasty (Nepal)|Malla kings]].]]<br />
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She remains one of the most potent symbols of feminine power, protection, and royal legitimacy in [[Hinduism in Nepal|Nepalese Hinduism]], deeply embedded in both tantric and devotional practices of the [[Kathmandu Valley]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=temple |first=Nepal Minute :: Mahanawami: Devotees throng Taleju Bhawani |title=Mahanawami: Devotees throng Taleju Bhawani temple |url=https://www.nepalminute.com/detail/742/mahanawami-devotees-throng-taleju-bhawani-temple/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=Nepal Minute}}</ref><br />
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== External links ==<br />
* [https://ntb.gov.np/living-goddess-kumari Taleju Temple – Nepal Tourism Board]<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hindu goddesses]]<br />
[[Category:Durga]]<br />
[[Category:Shaktism]]<br />
[[Category:Hinduism in Nepal]]<br />
[[Category:Malla dynasty]]<br />
[[Category:Kathmandu]]<br />
[[Category:Tutelary deities]]<br />
[[Category:Newar culture]]<br />
[[Category:Hinduism by country]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=MeToo_movement_in_India&diff=517086MeToo movement in India2026-05-06T17:25:10Z<p>Priyupranav: starting a stub</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Movement against sexual abuse and harassment}}<br />
{{Correct title|title=#MeToo movement in India|reason=#}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Feminism sidebar}} <br />
The Indian [[MeToo movement|#MeToo movement]] began in late 2018 and manifested in areas of [[India]]n society including the government, the media, and the [[Bollywood]] film industry. In India, the MeToo movement is seen as either an independent outgrowth influenced by the international campaign against [[sexual harassment]] of women in the workplace, or an offshoot of the American MeToo movement.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/09/world/asia/india-sexual-harassment-me-too-bollywood.html|title=After a Long Wait, India's #MeToo Movement Suddenly Takes Off|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2018-10-09|last1=Goel|first1=Vindu|last2=Venkataraman|first2=Ayesha|last3=Schultz|first3=Kai}}</ref> MeToo began gaining prominence in India with the increasing popularity of the international movement, and later gathered sharp momentum in October 2018 in the entertainment industry of [[Bollywood]], centered in [[Mumbai]], when actress [[Tanushree Dutta]] accused [[Nana Patekar]] of sexual harassment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/897817/indias-metoo-some-of-the-sexual-harassment-charges-that-have-surfaced-this-week|title=India's #MeToo: Some of the sexual harassment charges that have surfaced this month|date=11 October 2018 }}</ref> This led to many women in the news media, Indian films, and even within the government to speak out and bring allegations of sexual harassment against a number of perpetrators.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/10/16/indias-metoo-moment-came-late-but-it-will-be-transformative/|title=India's #MeToo Moment Came Late, but It Will Be Transformative|first=Sonia|last=Faleiro}}</ref><br />
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==Origins in India==<br />
===Influence of Hollywood's " MeToo" Movement===<br />
MeToo movement was founded by [[Tarana Burke]] but began as a social phenomenon in October 2017 as a [[hashtag]] started by American actress [[Alyssa Milano]] who shared her story of sexual assault against [[Harvey Weinstein]]. Shortly afterward, women from across the world began talking about their sex crime victim survivor stories. In India, however, the MeToo movement didn't gain much traction until actress [[Tanushree Dutta]] decided to speak up once against actor Nana Patekar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.popxo.com/trending/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-metoo-movement-762595/|title=MeToo Movement India - Everything You Need To Know About The #MeToo Movement|date=29 October 2018|website=popxo.com|access-date=29 October 2018|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414121319/https://www.popxo.com/trending/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-metoo-movement-762595/|url-status=dead}}</ref> What began as one woman's story soon became a phenomenon when the names of powerful men in the country started surfacing. From actor [[Alok Nath]] to journalist and politician [[M. J. Akbar|MJ Akbar]], the movement has brought to light many stories of [[sexual harassment]] and abuse.<br />
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After allegations against [[Harvey Weinstein]], the use of the #MeToo hashtag on social spread quickly in India,<ref name=":19">{{cite news|last=Kazmi|first=Zehra|title=#MeToo: Does it take a Twitter trend to know women are harassed every day?|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/metoo-does-it-take-a-twitter-trend-for-men-to-know-women-are-harassed-every-day/story-c8InKAyvFnBALNxejogTEL.html|date=17 October 2017|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=6 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106125644/http://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/metoo-does-it-take-a-twitter-trend-for-men-to-know-women-are-harassed-every-day/story-c8InKAyvFnBALNxejogTEL.html|archive-date=6 November 2017}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/women-in-india-are-also-saying-metoo|title=Women in India are also saying #MeToo|date=19 October 2017|website=[[PBS NewsHour]] |access-date=6 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120223/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/women-in-india-are-also-saying-metoo|archive-date=6 January 2018}}</ref> where sexual harassment is commonly referred to by the word 'eve-teasing', a term described as misleading, tame, and diluting the seriousness of the crime.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/07/04/why-are-we-still-calling-sexual-harassment-eve-teasing-in-indi_a_23015316/|title=Why Are We Still Calling Sexual Harassment 'Eve-Teasing' In India?|date=4 July 2017|website=Huffington Post India |access-date=22 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107004500/http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/07/04/why-are-we-still-calling-sexual-harassment-eve-teasing-in-indi_a_23015316/|archive-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In response to #MeToo, there have been attempts to teach Indian women about workplace rights and safe reporting, as well as educating men about the scope of the problem.<ref name=":19" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/119476/metoo-campaign-victim-sexual-assault/|title=#MeToo: Know the laws that protect you from sexual assault and harassment|date=28 October 2017|website=The Better India |access-date=17 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131845/https://www.thebetterindia.com/119476/metoo-campaign-victim-sexual-assault/|archive-date=17 January 2018}}</ref> Some have likened #MeToo to a 2012 social movement which followed a [[2012 Delhi gang rape|violent gang rape]] in [[New Delhi]] that later resulted in a woman's death, which caused the Indian government to institute harsher punishments for rape.<ref name=":20" /><ref name=":21">{{cite web|last=Wu|first=Huizhong|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/09/health/india-me-too-allegations/index.html|title=#MeToo helps spark wider conversation around sexual abuse in India|date=9 November 2017|publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=6 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120431/http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/09/health/india-me-too-allegations/index.html|archive-date=6 January 2018}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/blame-victims-and-the-west-indias-way-of-justifying-sexual-assaults/a-37023646|title=Blame victims and the West – India's way of justifying sexual assaults?|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=5 January 2018|access-date=6 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718210614/http://www.dw.com/en/blame-victims-and-the-west-indias-way-of-justifying-sexual-assaults/a-37023646|archive-date=18 July 2017}}</ref> Others have suggested there was underlying public anger over a [[Delhi]] rape conviction that was overturned by Judge Ashutosh Kumar a month before against filmmaker and writer [[Mahmood Farooqui]], ruling that a "feeble no" was not enough to revoke consent because it was typical for one partner to be less willing. The case was appealed to the Supreme Court, which rejected the appeal against the acquittal of the filmmaker by the High Court of Delhi, saying, "We will not interfere with the high court verdict. It is a well-written judgment."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/gender/supreme-court-dismisses-plea-against-mahmood-farooquis-acquittal-in-rape-case|title=Supreme Court Dismisses Plea Against Mahmood Farooqui's Acquittal in Rape Case?|publisher=[[Press Trust of India]]|date=19 January 2018|access-date=27 February 2024}}</ref><ref name=":21" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/27/asia/indian-court-overturns-rape-conviction/index.html|title='A feeble no may mean yes': Indian court overturns rape conviction|last=Wu|first=Huizhong|date=27 September 2017|publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=6 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206221307/http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/27/asia/indian-court-overturns-rape-conviction/index.html|archive-date=6 December 2017}}</ref> Activist [[Jasmeen Patheja]], head of [[Blank Noise]], stated #MeToo's power is in demonstrating India can no longer ignore the scope of the problem.<ref name=":20" /> Kaimini Jaiswal, a lawyer at the [[Supreme Court of India]], stressed the importance of teaching women how to read, especially in rural villages, because most women in these areas are illiterate and completely financially and emotionally dependent on a male relative.<ref name=":22" /><br />
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Blogger Sheena Dabolkar's viral #MeToo tweet resulted in the boycott of Khodu Irani's popular [[Pune]] pub High Spirits, by several well-known performers.<ref name=":19" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Verma|first=Abhinav|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/comedians-slam-pune-cafe-owner-khodu-irani-over-sexual-harassment-allegations/story-ANOfY75BupKS3zU2FPRKWK.html|title=Comedians slam Pune café owner Khodu Irani over sexual harassment allegations|date=16 October 2017|website=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=6 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106193138/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/comedians-slam-pune-cafe-owner-khodu-irani-over-sexual-harassment-allegations/story-ANOfY75BupKS3zU2FPRKWK.html|archive-date=6 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/high-spirits-but-only-for-men-women-come-forward-alleging-rampant-sexual-harassment-at-pune-bar-4147775.html|title=High spirits, but only for men: Women come forward alleging rampant sexual harassment at Pune bar - Firstpost|website=Firstpost.com|date=16 October 2017|access-date=9 March 2018}}</ref> Several women mentioned [[Mahesh Murthy]], which initiated a police case in January 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vccircle.com/mahesh-murthy-a-metoo-moment-too-many/|title=Mahesh Murthy: A #MeToo moment too many?|date=5 January 2018|website=VCCircle |access-date=21 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122125056/https://www.vccircle.com/mahesh-murthy-a-metoo-moment-too-many/|archive-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Trends Desk of [[The Indian Express]] wrote that many Indian men are speaking up as a part of #MeToo, including discussions about consent and how some men are also abused.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/metoo-man-on-twitter-shares-how-he-has-been-horrible-to-women-in-the-past-takes-responsibility-for-it-4894813/|title=#MeToo: This man's Twitter confession on being a 'SHAMELESS FLIRT' is a MUST READ for all men|date=17 October 2017|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=6 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120347/http://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/metoo-man-on-twitter-shares-how-he-has-been-horrible-to-women-in-the-past-takes-responsibility-for-it-4894813/|archive-date=6 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/metoo-men-lend-their-support-to-the-movement-4894963/|title=#MeToo: Men lend their support to the movement, say 'we will do better'|date=17 October 2017|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=6 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120417/http://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/metoo-men-lend-their-support-to-the-movement-4894963/|archive-date=6 January 2018}}</ref> Rina Chandran of [[Reuters]] said #MeToo is ignoring the 600,000 women in India who are currently [[sex worker]]s against their will, and are typically poor without education or family.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chandran|first=Rina|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-women-sexcrimes/metoo-campaign-excludes-indias-most-vulnerable-women-activists-say-idUSKBN1EC1Y9|title=#MeToo campaign excludes India's most vulnerable women, activists say|date=18 December 2017|agency=[[Reuters]]|access-date=6 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120136/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-women-sexcrimes/metoo-campaign-excludes-indias-most-vulnerable-women-activists-say-idUSKBN1EC1Y9|archive-date=6 January 2018|newspaper=Reuters}}</ref><br />
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There were reports of mass sexual assaults during the 2018 New Year's celebrations in [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], which have been associated with #MeToo. The incidents were initially dismissed by the police until someone uploaded [[CCTV]] footage of the assaults to social media.<ref name=":22" /> Home Minister [[G. Parameshwara]], [[Abu Azmi]], and other officials came under fire for stating "[[Western culture|western]]" women's clothing and values were the cause of the rapes, and indicated women's families should not allow them to go to parties or major celebrations.<ref name=":22" /><br />
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Several lists of alleged rapists and harassers started spreading on social media in India, including "[[LoSHA|The List]]", which initially included the names of about 60 highly respected academic men. The List was posted on 24 October 2017 by activist Inji Pennu and an Indian student in California named Raya Sarkar, who alleged they personally confirmed every incident.<ref name=":25" /><ref name=":23">{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/perpetrators-are-shamed-under-due-process-toofarooqui-tejpal-khurshid-were-all-s/303891|title='Perpetrators are shamed under due process too ... Farooqui, Tejpal, Khurshid were all shamed. Was anyone convicted?': Raya Sarkar|last=Singh|first=Pragya|date=3 November 2017|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |access-date=6 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106173235/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/perpetrators-are-shamed-under-due-process-toofarooqui-tejpal-khurshid-were-all-s/303891|archive-date=6 January 2018}}</ref> This list has resulted in criticism against #MeToo because the allegations were unverified before they started spreading on social media. Some of the victims from the list have come forward to explain they were ignored, mistreated, or retaliated against when they tried to pursue action.<ref name=":24">{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/metoo-sexual-predators-list-divides-indian-feminists/a-41295522|title=#MeToo: 'Sexual predators' list divides Indian feminists|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=8 November 2017|access-date=6 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106083841/http://www.dw.com/en/metoo-sexual-predators-list-divides-indian-feminists/a-41295522|archive-date=6 January 2018}}</ref> Sarkar has defended The List, saying that she posted it only to warn her friends about professors and academics to avoid (mostly [[Forward caste|upper-caste]] men), and had no idea it would become so popular.<ref name=":23" /> A second list came out a week later that was made by women from [[Lower Caste|lower caste]] backgrounds and included more names, bringing the total up to around 70.<ref name=":25" /><br />
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Twelve prominent Indian feminists dismissed The List in a formal letter, saying they understand that the justice system is typically tilted against victims, but unverified claims make things harder for the feminist movement.<ref name=":25">{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/krantikali/raya-sarkar-and-all-the-lists-men-ae956f21eab1|title=Raya Sarkar and All The List's Men|website=[[Medium (website)|Medium]]|date=24 October 2017 |access-date=6 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120435/https://medium.com/krantikali/raya-sarkar-and-all-the-lists-men-ae956f21eab1|archive-date=6 January 2018}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=January 2018}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/11/metoo-and-himtoo-come-to-india/|title=#MeToo and #HimToo Come to India|last=Borpujari|first=Priyanka|website=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]|date=6 November 2017 |access-date=6 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072533/https://thediplomat.com/2017/11/metoo-and-himtoo-come-to-india/|archive-date=3 January 2018}}</ref> Writers Rhea Dangwal and Namrata Gupta responded that most victims from the list were poor students who tried to go through official channels without success or recourse, while every single man on the list has the ability to defend himself socially and legally.<ref name=":25" /><br />
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===Tanushree Dutta's allegations===<br />
[[File:Tanushree Dutta at Femina Miss India Finalists (24).jpg|right|thumb|Actress [[Tanushree Dutta]]'s allegations of sexual harassment in 2018 was a catalyst of the " MeToo" movement in India]]<br />
On 26 September 2018, after having been out of the Bollywood spotlight for about a decade, actress [[Tanushree Dutta]] gave an interview to [[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom TV]] in which she publicly accused [[Nana Patekar]] of sexually harassing her on the set of the 2009 movie ''[[Horn 'Ok' Pleassss]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://headlinestoday.org/entertainment/3185/nana-patekar-has-a-history-of-assaulting-women-tanushree-dutta/|title=Nana Patekar Has A History Of Assaulting Women: Tanushree Dutta|website=Headlinestoday.org|access-date=10 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926031120/https://headlinestoday.org/entertainment/3185/nana-patekar-has-a-history-of-assaulting-women-tanushree-dutta/|archive-date=26 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrtBTMB4LrY|title=Tanushree Dutta opens up on her SHOCKING past ordeal & more - Exclusive Interview|date=25 September 2018|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>'' This declaration would be seen as the catalyst of the [[Me Too movement|MeToo movement]] in India, similar to one which happened in the U.S. a year earlier with [[Harvey Weinstein]], in which more and more women in the entertainment industry would publicly expose high-profile individuals who had sexually exploited them.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://in.reuters.com/article/india-harassment-actress/tanushree-dutta-who-helped-trigger-indias-metoo-movement-says-inspired-by-god-idINKCN1MQ11S|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016115016/https://in.reuters.com/article/india-harassment-actress/tanushree-dutta-who-helped-trigger-indias-metoo-movement-says-inspired-by-god-idINKCN1MQ11S|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 October 2018|title=Tanushree Dutta, who helped trigger India's #MeToo movement, says...|first=Shilpa|last=Jamkhandikar|newspaper=Reuters|date=2018-10-16}}</ref><br />
Dutta had first made the allegations against Patekar in 2008, filing a complaint with the 'CINTAA' (Cine & TV Artists Association), but no action was taken as the case was considered a criminal case. The allegation was repeated in 2013 in an interview,<ref name="ff2013">{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/moksha-is-all-bullshit-tanushree-dutta-4136.html|title=Moksha is all bullshit - Tanushree Dutta|website=Filmfare.com}}</ref> and again largely ignored. It was not until her September 2018 statements that the CINTAA apologized to Dutta, admitting that the "chief grievance of sexual harassment wasn't even addressed [in 2008]", but added that since the case was more than three years old, they could not reopen it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/cintaa-apologises-to-tanushree-for-not-addressing-her-grievance-says-can-t-reopen-case-now-354096.html|title=CINTAA Apologises To Tanushree For Not Addressing Her Grievance, Says Can't Reopen Case Now|website=Indiatimes.com|date=2018-10-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/tanushree-sexual-harassment-sad-but-we-cannot-reopen-case-now-cintaa-1353900-2018-10-02|title=Tanushree sexual harassment sad but we cannot reopen case now: CINTAA|newspaper=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Nana Patekar Has A History Of Assaulting Women: Tanushree Dutta |url=https://headlinestoday.org/entertainment/3185/nana-patekar-has-a-history-of-assaulting-women-tanushree-dutta/ |access-date=26 September 2018 |agency=Headlines Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926031120/https://headlinestoday.org/entertainment/3185/nana-patekar-has-a-history-of-assaulting-women-tanushree-dutta/ |archive-date=26 September 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/tanushree-dutta-who-accuses-nana-patekar-of-harassment-says-she-was-threatened-car-was-attacked-1922865|title=Tanushree Dutta, Who Accuses Nana Patekar Of Harassment, Says She Was Threatened, Car Was Attacked|website=Ndtv.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/01/metoo-bollywood-sexual-harassment-case-reignited-a-decade-on#img-1|title=Tanushree Dutta's Bollywood sexual harassment case back in spotlight! |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=October 2018 |last1=Safi |first1=Michael }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/10/06/not-just-one-weinstein-bollywood-truth-behind-worlds-largest/|title='There's not just one Weinstein in Bollywood': The truth behind the world's largest film industry|first=Barney|last=Henderson|date=6 October 2018|website=Telegraph.co.uk}}</ref><br />
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Janice Sequeira, a journalist, backed her allegations, claiming to be an eyewitness to the incident.<ref>{{cite news |title=Janice Sequeira, An Eyewitness Of The Incident, Backs Up Tanushree Dutta's Harassment Allegations |url=https://headlinestoday.org/entertainment/3224/janice-sequeira-an-eyewitness-of-the-incident-backs-up-tanushree-duttas-harassment-allegations/ |access-date=28 September 2018 |agency=Headlines Today |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005154744/https://headlinestoday.org/entertainment/3224/janice-sequeira-an-eyewitness-of-the-incident-backs-up-tanushree-duttas-harassment-allegations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She also alleged that filmmaker [[Vivek Agnihotri]] had told her to remove her clothes and dance with [[Irrfan Khan]] to act on the sets of ''[[Chocolate (2005 film)|Chocolate]]''. She said Irrfan Khan and [[Suniel Shetty]] stood up for her during this episode.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/tanushree-dutta-accuses-vivek-agnihotri-of-harassment-says-irrfan-suniel-shetty-stood-up-for-her/story-5rFd0z3wycqhIq4LgCuTmI.html|title=Tanushree Dutta accuses Vivek Agnihotri of harassment, says Irrfan, Suniel Shetty stood up for her|date=2018-09-28|website=Hindustantimes.com|access-date=2018-09-28|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vivek Agnihotri Allegedly Asked Tanushree Dutta To Remove Clothes, Male Co-Stars Intervened |url=https://headlinestoday.org/entertainment/3266/vivek-agnihotri-allegedly-asked-tanushree-dutta-to-remove-clothes-male-co-stars-intervened/ |access-date=29 September 2018 |agency=Headlines Today}}</ref> Vivek refuted all such allegations and shared that it is an attempt to get publicity by Tanushree Dutta and to malign his image in a legal notice sent to her.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/vivek-agnihotri-refutes-tanushree-s-allegations-lawyer-118100400243_1.html|title=Vivek Agnihotri refutes Tanushree's allegations: Lawyer|date=2018-10-04|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2018-10-04}}</ref> The assistant director of Chocolate, Sattyajit Gazmer, also denied Tanushree's claims.<ref>{{cite news |title='Chocolate' associate director emerges with a fresh perspective against Tanushree Dutta's claims |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/chocolate-associate-director-emerges-with-a-fresh-perspective-against-tanushree-duttas-claims/articleshow/66060287.cms |access-date=9 October 2018 |work=The Times of India |date=4 October 2018}}</ref><br />
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In an interview, Tanushree said "He (Nana Patekar) called the MNS ([[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]) party to bash up my car. He was behind everything and was supported by choreographer [[Ganesh Acharya]]".<ref>{{cite news |title=tanushree duttas car vandalised in 2008 video goes viral on social media|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/tanushree-duttas-car-vandalised-in-2008-video-goes-viral-on-social-media/articleshow/66029014.cms|access-date=3 October 2018 |agency=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref> In a video from 2008 that went viral on the internet, goons are seen thrashing Tanushree's car. A journalist named Pawan Bharadwaj, was seen thrashing the car's windshield with his camera, and later clarified that he attacked her car because earlier, he had a fight with Dutta's team.<ref>{{cite news |title=Journalist who attacked Tanushree Dutta's car in viral video from 2008 defends his actions|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/masala-journalist-who-attacked-tanushree-dutta-s-car-in-viral-video-from-2008-defends-his-actions-467606|access-date=3 October 2018 |agency=India TV}}</ref> A [[defamation]] case was filed against her for her comments about the MNS party.<ref name=htorg>{{cite news |title=Legal Notices And Defamation Case For Tanushree Dutta |url=https://headlinestoday.org/entertainment/3449/legal-notices-and-defamation-case-for-tanushree-dutta/ |access-date=6 October 2018 |agency=Headlines Today |date=4 October 2018 |archive-date=6 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006200125/https://headlinestoday.org/entertainment/3449/legal-notices-and-defamation-case-for-tanushree-dutta/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She was also served with two legal notices from Nana Patekar and Vivek Agnihotri.<ref name=htorg/> On 6 October 2018, Dutta filed an [[First information report|FIR]] at Oshiwara police station against actor [[Nana Patekar]], director Rakesh Sarang, choreographer Ganesh Acharya, and producer Sami Siddiqui.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tanushree Dutta files sexual harassment complaint against Nana Patekar|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/tanushree-dutta-files-sexual-harassment-complaint-against-nana-patekar/articleshow/66105059.cms|access-date=7 October 2018 |agency=TOI}}</ref><br />
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In mid-October, Dutta sought the help of the Maharashtra State Women's Commission (MSWC) in order to conduct a full-scale investigation on the issue; they sent notices to Nana Patekar, director Rakesh Sarang and choreographer Ganesh Acharya, whom they directed to respond within 10 days. On 16 November, several weeks after the MSWC issued a warning to Patekar, his lawyer released a statement refuting the allegations, stating, "All allegations against him (Nana Patekar) are false and far from the truth".<ref>{{cite web| title= Nana Patekar's lawyer refutes allegations levelled by Tanushree Dutta<br />
| url = https://in.news.yahoo.com/nana-patekars-lawyer-refutes-allegations-levelled-tanushree-dutta-135940436.html | access-date = 16 November 2018}}</ref> [[Vijaya Rahatkar]], the chairperson of [[Maharashtra State Commission for Woman|Maharashtra State Commission for Women]], confirmed that the commission had received the reply from Patekar. She, however, did not disclose the contents of the letter. Patekar’s lawyer, [[Aniket Nikam]], said, “All allegations against him are false and far from the truth.’’<br />
<br />
In June 2019, the [[Mumbai Police]] closed the case after informing the courts that there was no evidence to prosecute Patekar.<ref>{{cite news |title=#MeToo movement: Police closes Nana Patekar's sexual harassment case filed by Tanushree Dutta |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/metoo-movement-police-closes-nana-patekars-sexual-harassment-case-filed-by-tanushree-dutta/articleshow/69770147.cms |access-date=13 June 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=13 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=No proof to prosecute Nana Patekar in Tanushree Dutta molestation case: Mumbai police to court |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/no-proof-to-prosecute-nana-patekar-in-tanushree-dutta-molestation-case-mumbai-police-to-court-1548070-2019-06-13 |access-date=13 June 2019 |work=India Today |agency=PTI |date=13 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Impact ==<br />
Notable people (in India) who have shared their " MeToo" stories publicly include:<br />
<br />
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}<br />
* [[Yashika Aannand]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/metoo-bigg-boss-tamil-2-fame-yashika-anand-supports-the-movement-shares-her-casting-couch-experience/articleshow/66400587.cms|title=#MeToo: Bigg Boss Tamil 2 fame Yashika Anand supports the movement, shares her casting couch experience|website=The Times of India|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Jasmin Bhasin]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/metoo-khatron-ke-khiladis-actress-jasmin-bhasin-narrates-her-ordeal-about-sexual-harassment/articleshow/66263590.cms|title=#Metoo: Khatron Ke Khiladi's actress Jasmin Bhasin narrates her ordeal about sexual harassment|website=The Times of India|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Sangeetha Bhat]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/sangeetha-bhat-kicks-metoo-698014.html|title=#MeToo in Sandalwood: Sangeetha Bhat levels allegations against top directors|date=15 October 2018|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Priyanka Bose]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/metoo-movement-priyanka-bose-points-out-sexual-misconduct-by-sajid-khan-soumik-sen-and-ally-khan/articleshow/66336578.cms|title=#MeToo movement: Priyanka Bose points out sexual misconduct by Sajid Khan, Soumik Sen and Ally Khan|website=The Times of India|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/singer-chinmayi-sripaada-names-poet-vairamuthu-in-metoo-story-siddharth-tweets-support-1929438|title=Singer Chinmayi Sripaada Names Poet Vairamuthu In #MeToo Story; Siddharth Tweets Support|website=NDTV.com|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Amyra Dastur]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amyra-dastur-sexual-harassment-me-too-5395352/|title=Amyra Dastur: I have had an actor squeeze himself up against me during a song|date=10 October 2018|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Tina Datta]]<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/television/040319/metoo-tina-dutta-accuses-co-star-mohit-malhotra-of-inappropriately-t.html | title= #MeToo: Tina Dutta accuses co-star Mohit Malhotra of inappropriately touching her | date=4 March 2019 | newspaper=Deccan Chronicle | access-date=12 March 2019 }}</ref><br />
* [[Tanushree Dutta]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/tanushree-dutta-accuses-nana-patekar-of-harassing-her-on-set/articleshow/65954478.cms|title=Tanushree Dutta accuses Nana Patekar of harassing her on set|website=The Times of India|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Sanjjanaa Galrani]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2018/oct/25/metoo-continues-in-kannada-film-industry-actress-sanjjanaa-galrani-accuses-director-ravi-srivatsa-1889637.html|title=#MeToo continues in Kannada film industry: Actress Sanjjanaa Galrani accuses director Ravi Srivatsa of harassment|website=The New Indian Express|date=25 October 2018 |access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Sruthi Hariharan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/metoo-sruthi-hariharan-accuses-arjun-sarja-of-harassment-says-he-wanted-foreplay-scene-at-last-minute/story-vrK8uHK5IxVt2jNZSI7ZQL.html|title=MeToo: Sruthi Hariharan accuses Arjun Sarja of harassment, says he wanted foreplay scene at last minute|date=20 October 2018|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Nishtha Jain]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/metoo-film-maker-nishtha-jain-accuses-vinod-dua-of-sexual-harassment/article25221760.ece|title=#MeToo: Film-maker Nishtha Jain accuses Vinod Dua of sexual harassment|newspaper=The Hindu|date=14 October 2018|access-date=27 February 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><br />
* Ketki Joshi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/metoo-movement-piyush-mishra-accused-of-inappropriate-behaviour-heres-what-ketki-joshi-says-in-fb-post/1345827/|title=#MeToo movement: Piyush Mishra accused of inappropriate behaviour – Here's what Ketki Joshi says in FB post|date=11 October 2018|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Mandana Karimi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/metoo-mandana-karimi-opens-up-about-ordeal-with-kya-kool-hain-hum-3-director-disappointed-with-ekta-kapoors-silence/articleshow/66327734.cms|title=#MeToo: Mandana Karimi opens up about ordeal with 'Kya Kool Hain Hum 3' director; disappointed with Ekta Kapoor's silence|date=23 October 2018|access-date=27 February 2019|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><br />
* [[Aahana Kumra]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/metoo-aahana-kumra-says-sajid-khan-asked-her-if-she-would-have-sex-with-a-dog-for-rs-100-crore/story-oKPsfoYhYZvBxawwUt6VEM.html|title=MeToo: Aahana Kumra says Sajid Khan asked her if she would have sex with a dog for Rs 100 crore|date=1 November 2018|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Leena Manimekalai]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/metoo-director-susi-ganesan-accused-by-leena-manimekalai/articleshow/66243382.cms|title=#MeToo: Director Susi Ganesan accused by Leena Manimekalai|website=The Times of India|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Sona Mohapatra]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/sona-mohapatra-lashes-out-at-kailash-kher-narrates-her-own-me-too-story/story-ojYU5pJypOJpVMtwBEG2TL.html|title=Sona Mohapatra lashes out at Kailash Kher, narrates her own Me Too story|date=10 October 2018|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Sandhya Mridul]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/now-sandhya-mridul-alleges-sexual-harassment-at-the-hands-of-alok-nath/articleshow/66147291.cms|title=Now Sandhya Mridul alleges sexual harassment at the hands of Alok Nath |website=The Times of India|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Navneet Nishan]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/dealt-with-four-years-of-harassment-by-slapping-the-man-in-question-navneet-nishan-on-alok-nath/articleshow/66134505.cms|title=Dealt with four years of harassment by slapping the man in question: Navneet Nishan on Alok Nath|website=The Times of India|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Elnaaz Norouzi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/metoo-sacred-games-elnaaz-norouzi-accuses-namaste-england-director-vipul-shah-of-sexual-harassment/story-UdkyD2QL343JWFHOYowZqJ.html|title=MeToo: Sacred Games' Elnaaz Norouzi accuses Namaste England director Vipul Shah of sexual harassment|date=19 October 2018|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Shweta Pandit]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/metoo-singer-shweta-pandit-calls-anu-malik-a-paedophile-says-he-asked-her-for-a-kiss-at-15/story-XBXSw4naXZpPv4ADH251AI.html|title=MeToo: Singer Shweta Pandit calls Anu Malik a paedophile, says he asked her for a kiss at 15|date=18 October 2018|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Amala Paul]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/metoo-in-kollywood-actor-amala-paul-accuses-director-susi-ganesan-of-sexual-misconduct/article25309424.ece|title=#MeToo in Kollywood: now, Amala Paul accuses director Susi Ganesan of sexual misconduct|author=Staff Reporter|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 October 2018|access-date=27 February 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><br />
* [[Kangana Ranaut]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kangana-ranaut-accuses-vikas-bahl-of-sexual-misconduct-says-he-d-hold-her-too-tight-brag-about-casual-sex/story-DUpyTdLcUb6coFEpb9dVPK.html|title=Kangana Ranaut accuses Vikas Bahl of harassment, says he'd hold her too tight, brag about casual sex|date=7 October 2018|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Soni Razdan]]<br />
* [[Sri Reddy Mallidi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/metoo-telugu-actor-accuses-mla-of-sexual-misconduct/articleshow/66210034.cms|title=#MeToo: Telugu actor accuses MLA of sexual misconductwebsite=The Times of India| website=[[The Times of India]] | date=15 October 2018 |access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Flora Saini]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/stree-actress-flora-saini-accuses-producer-and-ex-gaurang-doshi-of-physical-abuse-1359402-2018-10-09|title=Stree actress Flora Saini accuses producer and ex Gaurang Doshi of physical abuse|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Shama Sikander]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/metoo-shama-sikander-says-she-was-harassed-by-a-director-when-she-was-14-recalls-incident/articleshow/66281314.cms|title=#MeToo: Shama Sikander says she was harassed by a director when she was 14; recalls incident|website=The Times of India|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Niharika Singh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/niharika-singh-shares-her-metoo-story-calls-nawazuddin-sexually-repressed-toxic-indian-man-1934581.html|title=Niharika Singh Shares Her #MeToo Story, Calls Nawazuddin Sexually Repressed Toxic Indian Man|website=News18|date=9 November 2018|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Diandra Soares]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/i-bit-his-tongue-with-all-my-might/articleshow/66267094.cms|title=#MeToo: Model Diandra Soares recounts her story involving Suhel Seth|date=October 18, 2018|website=Mumbai Mirror|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Sunaina]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/actress-sunaina-reveals-she-was-sexually-harassed-as-a-child-1375306-2018-10-25|title=Actress Sunainaa says #MeToo: I was sexually harassed as a child|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Kaneez Surka]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/kaneez-surka-accuses-comedian-aditi-mittal-of-sexual-harassment/story-5PCSKJR9ONZ1tRzkfBx0jI.html|title=Kaneez Surka accuses comedian Aditi Mittal of sexual harassment|date=10 October 2018|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Ira Trivedi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/metoo-chetan-bhagat-suhel-seth-harassed-me-author-ira-trivedi/318258|title=#MeToo: Author Ira Trivedi Calls Out Chetan Bhagat, Suhel Seth |website=outlookindia.com |date=November 2018 |access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Sonal Vengurlekar]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sonal-vengurlekar-i-was-sexually-harassed-by-photographer-raja-bajaj-when-i-started-out/articleshow/66334646.cms|title=#MeToo: I was sexually harassed by photographer Raja Bajaj when I started out, says Sonal Vengurlekar|website=The Times of India|access-date=27 February 2019|last1=Maheshwri |first1=Neha }}</ref><br />
* [[Rachel White (actress)|Rachel White]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-housefull-director-sajid-khan-accused-of-sexual-harassment-by-actress-saloni-chopra-and-a-journalist-2674367|title='Housefull' director Sajid Khan accused of sexual harassment by actress Saloni Chopra and a journalist|date=11 October 2018|website=dna|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
* [[Kubbra Sait]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Shreya |title=Kubbra Sait: Sexual predators made advances claiming that 'I felt it too |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kubbra-sait-sexual-predators-made-advances-claiming-that-i-felt-it-too/story-eeSTWlr7dyLLpSDFwdeBhJ.html |access-date=20 August 2019 |work=Hindustan Times |date=11 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref><br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Entertainment===<br />
<br />
====Phantom Films====<br />
In October 2018, in an interview with [[HuffPost India|''Huffington Post India'']], a former employee of [[Phantom Films]] accused director [[Vikas Bahl]] of sexually harassing her on the set of the 2014 film [[Queen (2014 film)|''Queen'']].<ref>{{cite news |title='Queen' Director Vikas Bahl Sexually Assaulted Me, Phantom Films Did Nothing: Survivor Speaks Out |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2018/10/06/queen-director-vikas-bahl-sexually-assaulted-me-phantom-films-did-nothing-survivor-speaks-out_a_23552623/ |access-date=9 October 2018 |work=HuffPost India |date=6 October 2018 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Later, the film's lead actress [[Kangana Ranaut]], in support of the former employee, also accused Bahl of sexual misconduct.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vikas Bahl Would Hold me Tight, Smell My Hair, Says Kangana After Woman Accuses Him of Molestation |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vikas-bahl-would-hold-me-tight-smell-my-hair-says-kangana-after-woman-accuses-him-of-sexual-harassment-1900969.html |access-date=9 October 2018 |work=News18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kangana Ranaut Accuses Vikas Bahl Of Harassment: Is #MeToo Gaining Pace In India? |url=https://headlinestoday.org/entertainment/3539/kangana-ranaut-accuses-vikas-bahl-of-harassment-is-metoo-gaining-pace-in-india/ |access-date=9 October 2018 |work=headlinestoday.org |date=7 October 2018 |archive-date=20 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120170446/https://headlinestoday.org/entertainment/3539/kangana-ranaut-accuses-vikas-bahl-of-harassment-is-metoo-gaining-pace-in-india/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Following this, Nayani Dixit, Ranaut's co-star in the movie, levelled similar accusations against Bahl.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kangana Ranaut's Queen Co-Star Nayani Dixit Accuses Vikas Bahl Of Sexual Misconduct |url=https://headlinestoday.org/entertainment/3564/kangana-ranauts-queen-co-star-nayani-dixit-accuses-vikas-bahl-of-sexual-misconduct/ |access-date=9 October 2018 |work=headlinestoday.org |agency=Headlines Today |date=8 October 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> As a result, Phantom Films announced its dissolution on 5 October 2018,<ref name=toi>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/exclusive-anurag-kashyap-vikramaditya-motwane-vikas-bahl-and-madhu-mantena-dissolve-their-production-company/articleshow/66092937.cms|title=EXCLUSIVE! Anurag Kashyap, Vikramaditya Motwane, Vikas Bahl and Madhu Mantena dissolve their production company|last=Shaikh|first=Samina|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 October 2018|access-date=6 October 2018}}</ref> largely in response to the sexual assault allegation against Bahl by another former Phantom employee, which was reported in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2018/10/06/queen-director-vikas-bahl-sexually-assaulted-me-phantom-films-did-nothing-survivor-speaks-out_a_23552623/|title='Queen' Director Vikas Bahl Sexually Assaulted Me, Phantom Films Did Nothing: Survivor Speaks Out|last=Pathak|first=Ankur|work=HuffPost|date=6 October 2018|access-date=7 October 2018}}</ref> The other three founders, Kashyap, Motwane, and Mantena, all issued statements on Twitter confirming the company's disbanding and moving on to independent projects.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/news/2018/phantom-films-dissolved-anurag-kashyap-says-all-dreams-come-to-an-end-278047.html|title=Phantom Films Dissolved; Anurag Kashyap Says, 'All Dreams Come To An End'!|date=6 October 2018|website=Filmibeat.com|access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Utsav Chakraborty And All India Bakchod (AIB)====<br />
On 7 October 2018, stand-up comedian and popular YouTuber [[Utsav Chakraborty]], who worked as a freelancer with the comedy group [[All India Bakchod]], was accused of sending women lewd messages and photos via social messaging apps. The allegations against Utsav blew up when a Twitter user named Mahima Kukreja put up a Twitter post accusing the comedian of sending her an unsolicited picture of his genitalia and then pleading with her not to make his act public as it would "ruin" his career.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/utsav-chakraborty-sexual-harassment-1355731-2018-10-04|title=Comedian Utsav Chakraborty, once associated with AIB, accused of sexually harassing women|newspaper=[[India Today]]|language=en|access-date=2018-10-07}}</ref> Several comedians within his circle, including [[Kunal Kamra]] and [[Tanmay Bhat]], knew about his habit of harassing underage girls but opted to keep quiet and work with him.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/aib-accepts-tanmay-bhat-knew-of-sexual-harassment-claims-against-utsav-chakraborty-and-continued-working-with-him/story-AAU6307XSlqCeqZtgfj4nN.html|title=AIB accepts Tanmay Bhat knew of sexual harassment claims against Utsav Chakraborty and continued working with him|date=2018-10-05|access-date=2018-10-07|language=en |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> On 8 October 2018, [[Gursimran Khamba]] provided clarification on some sexual harassment allegations reported by an unknown girl who claimed Khamba had sexually assaulted her. Khamba, on the other hand, denied the allegation, claiming that the relationship was consensual.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/me-too-founders-tanmay-bhat-gursimran-khamba-out-aib-until-further-notice-89629|title=Me Too: Founders Tanmay Bhat, Gursimran Khamba out of AIB 'until further notice'|date=8 October 2018|work=The News Minute}}</ref> On 10 October 2018, comedienne [[Kaneez Surka]] accused [[Aditi Mittal]], who had appeared on the ''[[All India Bakchod Knockout]]'', of 'forcefully kissing her on her mouth without consent' and that she was triggered by Mittal championing the cause of the movement.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2020-04-21|title=Aditi Mittal apologises to Kaneez Surka on Twitter for kissing her without consent|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/aditi-mittal-apologises-to-kaneez-surka-on-twitter-for-kissing-her-without-consent/story-mFSRqxexyCoidyYlflOuXL.html|date=11 October 2018|website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> On 16 October 2018, [[Yash Raj Films]] (YRF) terminated the services of Ashish Patil, who was their Vice-President of Brand Partnerships and Talent Management, and Business and Creative Head for Y Films, after he was accused of forcibly kissing and making advances on an anonymous aspiring actress. The anonymous woman texted her #MeToo story to an activist who tweeted screenshots with the woman's permission.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/yash-raj-films-sacks-top-executive-after-aspiring-actress-reveals-metoo-experience-1932773|title=Yash Raj Films Sacks Top Executive After Aspiring Actress Reveals #MeToo Experience|work=NDTV|access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
In May 2019, the group announced that they had to let go of their entire team in the wake of the controversy and that their YouTube channel would remain inactive indefinitely. While Bhat's suspension was lifted, he was barred from holding the position of CEO and Khamba was let go of. Rohan Joshi and Ashish Shakya the remaining two members too would pursue independent careers.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Nandita |title=How AIB went from a rising star to having no money, no CEO and no office |url=https://theprint.in/india/how-aib-went-from-a-rising-star-to-having-no-money-no-ceo-and-no-office/240976/ |access-date=27 May 2019 |work=The Print |date=26 May 2019}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/aib-tanmay-bhat-rohan-joshi-collapse_in_5cf38febe4b0e8085e3b5060|title=Woke To Broke: The Stunning Rise And Fall Of AIB|date=2019-06-02|website=HuffPost India|language=en|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Housefull 4====<br />
On 12 October 2018, after accusations from several women of abusive and perversive sexual behavior, director [[Sajid Khan (director)|Sajid Khan]] announced that he would step back from the production of his upcoming film ''[[Housefull 4]]'' until he could clear his name.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sajid-khan-steps-down-as-housefull-4-director-over-allegations-of-sexual-harassment/articleshow/66178268.cms|title=#MeToo: Sajid Khan steps down as 'Housefull 4' director over allegations of sexual harassment|newspaper=The Times of India|date=12 October 2018 }}</ref> Actor [[Akshay Kumar]] also made a statement on Twitter, confirming Sajid's stepping away and also halting shooting of the film until further notice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-cancels-housefull-4-shoot-in-the-wake-of-metoo-movement-sajid-khan-steps-down-as-films-1930966|title=Akshay Kumar Cancels Housefull 4 Shoot In The Wake Of #MeToo Movement, Sajid Khan Steps Down As Film's Director|website=Ndtv.com|date=27 September 2018 }}</ref> Later in the day, actor [[Nana Patekar]] noted that he would also be leaving the film, due to accusations against him by ex-actress [[Tanushree Dutta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/nana-patekar-accused-of-harassment-quits-housefull-4-says-its-convenient-for-team-1931280|title=Nana Patekar, Accused Of Harassment, Quits Housefull 4. Says It's 'Convenient' For Team|website=ndtv.com|date=27 September 2018 }}</ref> On 14 October, it was announced that [[Sajid-Farhad|Farhad Samji]], who co-directed [[Housefull 3]], would be replacing Sajid Khan as the director.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sajid Khan replaced by Farhad Samji as Housefull 4 director after sexual harassment accusations|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sajid-khan-replaced-by-farhad-samji-as-housefull-4-director-after-sexual-harassment-accusations/story-es5Z3mgjTYZ2M6zTYCdoRK.html|access-date=14 October 2018|work=Hindustan Times|date=13 October 2018|archive-date=18 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118023230/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sajid-khan-replaced-by-farhad-samji-as-housefull-4-director-after-sexual-harassment-accusations/story-es5Z3mgjTYZ2M6zTYCdoRK.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 15 October 2018, The Indian Film and Television Directors’ Association issued a [[Order to show cause|show cause]] notice to Khan, which read "Your...actions have brought disrepute to Indian Film and Television Directors’ Association,". It further noted that they expected an explanation from Khan "for such offensive behaviour within seven days of the receipt of the notice for further action as per the rules and regulations… In case of no reply, ex-parte decision would be taken."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.style.yahoo.com/metoo-impact-sajid-khan-asked-130708835.html|title=#MeToo Impact: Sajid Khan Asked To Explain His 'Offensive Behaviour' to Director's Organisation or Face Action!|website=In.style.yahoo.com|access-date=16 October 2018|archive-date=14 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814233421/https://in.style.yahoo.com/metoo-impact-sajid-khan-asked-130708835.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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In December 2018, Sajid Khan was suspended from [[Indian Film & Television Directors’ Association|IFTDA]] (Indian Film and Television Director's Association) for one year, following the accusations of sexual assault against him from three women. A source from the association said that IFTDA "investigated the complaints in the spirit of POSH Act," and said that Khan did not offer an explanation as to his actions even when given an opportunity to do so, however he did expose his "real self" in an earlier interview where he admitted to his actions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/me-too-iftda-suspends-filmmaker-sajid-khan-over-complaints-of-sexual-harassment/story-jPRzbtGymjFgPKuKN7FlWN.html|title=Me Too: IFTDA suspends filmmaker Sajid Khan over complaints of sexual harassment|date=2018-12-12|website=www.hindustantimes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-12-12}}</ref><br />
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====Fox Star Studios India====<br />
On 19 October 2018, casting director and first-time film director [[Mukesh Chhabra]] was suspended by the [[Fox Star Studios]] India company from directing their Bollywood remake of [[The Fault in Our Stars]] (titled ''Kizie Aur Manny'', later ''[[Dil Bechara]]'') pending an inquiry against him over sexual harassment allegations. Chhabra has denied the charges, telling a newspaper that he would pursue "every possible legal action to protect my reputation." In a statement, Fox Star Studios said that Chhabra was suspended until "the Internal Complaints Committee of [[Mukesh Chhabra]] Casting Company concludes its inquiry into the allegations against him."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/metoo-bollywood-fault-stars-remake-director-suspended-1153697|title=#MeToo in Bollywood: 'The Fault in Our Stars' Remake Director Suspended|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=19 October 2018|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
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====Alok Nath v. Vinta Nanda====<br />
In October 2018, veteran character actor [[Alok Nath]] was accused of rape by TV producer Vinta Nanda who worked with him in the TV show [[Tara (TV series)|''Tara'']] in the mid-1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-metoo-hits-sanskari-babuji-alok-nath-accused-of-rape-and-harassment-by-tv-show-tara-producer-2673235|title=#MeToo hits Sanskari Babuji Alok Nath, accused of rape and sexual harassment by TV show 'Tara' producer|date=2018-10-09|work=dna|access-date=2018-10-08|language=en-US}}</ref> Alok Nath has denied the allegation.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-45808629 | title=MJ Akbar: India minister under scrutiny over #MeToo allegations | newspaper=BBC News | access-date=10 October 2018| date=2018-10-10 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/life-style/celebrity/desi-news/bollywood/alok-nath-accused-by-second-woman-of-harassment-1.2288712|title=Alok Nath accused by second woman of harassment|date=11 October 2018|website=Gulfnews.com|access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref> Subsequently, actresses [[Renuka Shahane]], Himani Shivpuri, [[Sandhya Mridul]], and Deepika Amin have either admitted to knowing about Nath's predatory behaviour or written about instances where they themselves have been assaulted by him.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/alok-nath-s-behaviour-was-open-secret-says-himani-shivpuri-compares-him-to-jekyll-and-hyde/story-bm3FfjEKv5DLoeiJpQcfuI.html|title=Alok Nath's behaviour was open secret, says Himani Shivpuri, compares him to Jekyll and Hyde|date=2018-10-11|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2018-10-12|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/metoo-movement-renuka-shahane-admits-she-knew-about-alok-nath-s-reputation-shares-her-own-story/story-1lKkeyB9Rka8J4aFW8jpYK.html|title=MeToo movement: Renuka Shahane admits she knew about Alok Nath's reputation, shares her own story|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/sandhya-mridul-extends-support-to-vinta-nanda-says-alok-nath-attacked-her-on-tv-show-sets/story-ydfB9jmW8bpFeCtavJZZsI.html|title=Sandhya Mridul extends support to Vinta Nanda, says Alok Nath attacked her on TV show sets|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/two-actors-speak-up-against-alok-nath/article25195065.ece|title=Two actors speak up against Alok Nath|work=The Hindu|access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/alok-nath-files-defamation-suit-against-vinta-nanda-demands-re-1-in-damages/story-iEypTY7NPgZYNYYdHRD08I.html|title=Alok Nath files defamation suit against Vinta Nanda, demands Re 1 in damages|date=15 October 2018|website=Hindustantimes.com|access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref> On 15 October 2018, Nath sued Nanda for defamation, asking for a written apology and {{INR}}1 as compensation. He has filed the case jointly with his wife Ashu Nath.<ref name="ndtv.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/alok-nath-sues-tv-producer-who-accused-him-of-rape-demands-apology-and-rs-1-as-compensation-1932357|title=Alok Nath Sues Writer Who Accused Him Of Rape, Demands Re 1|website=Ndtv.com|access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref> The Cine and TV Artists Association (CINTAA) sent Mr. Nath a show cause notice on Vinta Nanda's post. The association asked why he should not be expelled from CINTAA. The actor urged that the notice be withdrawn, that he was innocent until proven guilty. In response to Alok Nath's lawsuit, on 15 October Vinta Nanda's lawyer responded: "She will not be intimidated by threats and defamation suits which are primarily meant to delay and distract from the gravity of the allegations." Alok Nath had earlier been quoted by ABP News as saying he could "neither deny nor agree" with Ms Nanda's account of rape and violation on Facebook. The writer had not named him but had identified him as the "Sanskaari actor" who played the lead on her show "Tara".<ref name="ndtv.com"/><br />
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On 14 November 2018, the CINTAA expelled Alok Nath from their organization after he failed to appear at a body meeting on 12 November to discuss his rape accusations against Vinta Nanda, and instead sent a response to the 'show-cause' notice instead. CINTAA secretary general Sushant Singh noted that the group's EC (Executive Committee) "unanimously voted him out." When asked if the organization should have allowed its Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) to handle the case, Singh responded that the ICC had not yet been completely trained in POSH (Prevention of Sexual Harassment) on how to "hear cases, take a deposition, cross-question, among many other things," and that they had to follow their "current provisions" for now. Nanda responded to the expulsion by applauding the decision, saying that "at the end of the day we all have to acknowledge that we are answerable and accountable to our governing bodies. It’s only then, that institutions like CINTAA, IFTDA (Indian Film & Television Directors’ Association) and Screenwriters Association (SWA) will achieve the status they deserve."<ref>{{cite web| title=#MeToo: CINTAA expels Alok Nath| url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/metoo-cintaa-expels-alok-nath/articleshow/66611532.cms| website = Mumbai Mirror| access-date = 14 November 2018}}</ref><br />
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====KWAN Entertainment====<br />
On 16 October 2018, entertainment talent management agency KWAN announced that founder Anirban Blah had been asked to step down after four women publicly accused him of harassment. In a statement, KWAN said," We have asked Anirban Blah to forthwith step aside from his duties, activities and responsibilities at KWAN, its subsidiaries and affiliates with immediate effect." The company, which promotes high-profile celebrities such as [[Deepika Padukone]], [[Tiger Shroff]], and [[Ranbir Kapoor]], has a Prevention of Sexual Harassment committee in place.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anirban-das-blah-kwan-founder-celebrity-manager-asked-to-step-down-5404674/|title=KWAN founder Anirban Das Blah asked to step down after allegations of sexual misconduct|date=16 October 2018|website=Indianexpress.com|access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref><br />
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==== Vairamuthu ====<br />
[[Vairamuthu]], Tamil poet, lyricist, author, and a recipient of various awards including the [[Padma Bhushan]] and Sahitya Akademi Award, was accused of sexual misconduct and sexual harassment by several women singers and artists from the Tamil film industry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/programme/5ive-live/video/south-cinema-s-metoo-moment-singer-chinmay-outs-lyricist-vairamuthu-1360279-2018-10-10|title=South cinema's MeToo moment: Singer Chinmay outs lyricist Vairamuthu|website=India Today|date=10 October 2018 |language=en|access-date=2018-10-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/metoo-movement-vairamuthu-accused-of-sexual-abuse/articleshow/66130320.cms|title=#MeToo movement: Vairamuthu accused of sexual abuse|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-10-18}}</ref> A few women described their allegations anonymously, but singer [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] used her Twitter account to highlight the instances of intimidation and harassment she suffered at his hands. Following this, Sindhuja Rajaram, an artist, photographer, and musician based in California, United States, also accused Vairamuthu and detailed the harassment she faced due to him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/singer-sindhuja-rajaram-accuses-vairamuthu-metoo-1369795-2018-10-17|title=Singer Sindhuja backs Chinmayi: Vairamuthu sexually harassed me too|website=India Today|date=17 October 2018 |language=en|access-date=2018-10-18}}</ref> Vairamuthu remained noncommittal about the allegations against him on Twitter.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/metoo-lyricist-vairamuthu-denies-sexual-misconduct-allegations-5396608/|title=#MeToo: Lyricist Vairamuthu denies sexual misconduct allegations|date=2018-10-11|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-10-18|language=en-US}}</ref> On 15 October 2018, he made an official video statement saying that he found the allegations against him unfounded and challenged his accusers to take legal action against him.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vairamuthu-releases-a-video-statement-against-sexual-harassment-accusations/articleshow/66204081.cms|title=Vairamuthu releases a video statement against sexual harassment accusations|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-10-30}}</ref><br />
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====Arjun Sarja====<br />
In October 2018, [[Sruthi Hariharan]], a major actress of Kannada cinema, revealed multiple instances of actor [[Arjun Sarja]]'s misbehaviour towards her. The actress revealed that Arjun had made unwelcome advances towards her during the making of ''[[Nibunan]]'' (2017), by often changing the script to include more physically intimate scenes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://origin-www.sify.com/movies/sruthi-hariharan-accuses-arjun-says-he-misbehaved-with-her-news-tamil-skupcDedjjhcb.html|title=Sruthi Hariharan accuses Arjun, says he misbehaved with her!|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
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====Kailash Kher====<br />
Kher was called out for sexual misconduct by multiple women during IndianMeToo movement 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/when-metoo-shook-bollywood/article25843049.ece|title=When #MeToo shook Bollywood|last=Cornelious|first=Deborah|date=2018-12-27|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-09-25|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/metoo-in-india-singer-kailash-kher-faces-fresh-allegations-of-sexual-harassment-from-multiple-women-5349781.html|title=#MeToo in India: Singer Kailash Kher faces fresh allegations of sexual harassment from multiple women|date=2018-10-11|website=Firstpost|language=en|access-date=2019-09-25}}</ref><br />
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====Rajat Kapoor====<br />
In October 2018, [[Rajat Kapoor]] was accused of sexually harassing two women. Responding to the allegations, Kapoor apologised for his actions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-08|title=After #MeToo complaint, Rajat Kapoor says 'sad that I was cause of this hurt'|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-sad-that-i-was-the-cause-of-this-hurt-rajat-kapoor-responds-to-allegations-of-sexual-misconduct-against-him-2672991|access-date=2021-10-10|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> His movie ''[[Kadakh]]'' was dropped from the [[Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image|MAMI]] Film Festival following the allegations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MAMI Drops Rajat Kapoor's Kadakh And AIB Production From Film Fest Line-Up|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/mami-drops-rajat-kapoors-kadakh-and-aib-production-from-film-fest-line-up-1929057|access-date=2021-10-10|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><br />
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==== Birju Maharaj ====<br />
In January 2022, several [[Kathak]] performers accused [[Birju Maharaj]] of sexual abuse. Some of the accusers were minors at the time of the alleged abuse.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Joshi|first=Prajakta|date=2022-01-27|title=Several sexual harassment allegations rock the world of Kathak|url=https://www.indiejournal.in/article/several-sexual-harassment-allegations-rock-the-world-of-kathak|access-date=2022-01-29|website=IndieJournal|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=January 25, 2022|title=Pandit Birju Maharaj MeToo Allegations Surface On Social Media Post His Death|url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/pandit-birju-maharaj-metoo-allegations-on-social-media/|access-date=2022-01-29|website=SheThePeople.TV|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Srikanth|first=Kavya|date=January 21, 2022|title=The Doyen of Kathak, Pandit Birju Maharaj|url=https://www.thejuggernaut.com/pandit-birju-maharaj-indian-kathak-dancer-obituary|access-date=2022-01-29|website=The Juggernaut|language=en}}</ref><br />
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====Anu Malik====<br />
<br />
On 21 October 2018, singer/composer/TV show judge [[Anu Malik]] was asked to step down from judging the reality TV show ''[[Indian Idol]]'' 10 after being accused of sexual harassment from multiple women. An assistant producer on ''Indian Idol'' 5, Danica D'Souza, has been reported as saying that the producers knew of Malik's harassing behaviour, but previously had not taken it seriously enough. D'Souza noted that "They knew he abused power but nothing came of it. In fact, they told us all to take precaution by not meeting him alone."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/anu-malik-asked-step-down-032106932.html|title=Anu Malik Asked to Step Down As Indian Idol 10 Judge; Former Assistant Producer Says Channel Already Knew About His Abuse of Power but Did Nothing|website=in.news.yahoo.com|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
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Later that day, Sony TV released an official statement regarding Malik's dismissal: "Anu Malik is no longer a part of the Indian Idol jury panel. The show will continue its planned schedule and we will invite some of the biggest names in Indian music as guests to join [[Vishal Dadlani|Vishal]] and [[Neha Kakkar|Neha]] to judge Indian Idol season 10." Malik himself released a statement: "I, Anu Malik, have decided to take a break from Indian Idol as I am currently unable to focus on my work, my music and the show".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/sony-tv-breaks-silence-anu-135732715.html|title=Sony TV breaks silence on Anu Malik's 'Indian Idol' exit|website=in.news.yahoo.com|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
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In the 1990s, singer [[Alisha Chinai]] had also accused Malik of molesting her, but faced legal challenges in doing so. She filed a case against him and demanded ₹2,660,000, whereas in return, Malik had filed a defamation case asking for ₹20,000,000 from Chinai. Chinai eventually won the legal battle in an "unprecedented landmark verdict", and a restraining order was passed against Malik. She vowed to never work with Malik again but eventually forgave him, and sang for him in a song in the film ''[[Ishq Vishq]]'', which Malik musically directed; the two later judged a season of ''Indian Idol'' together.<ref name="anu2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/neha-bhasin-why-is-anu-malik-so-important-to-sony-tv-that-he-is-back-on-indian-idol-11-1614539-2019-10-31|title=India Today Anu Malik Nov 2019|date=31 October 2019 }}</ref><br />
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Malik returned to the ''Indian Idol'' in 2019 and accusers expressed their anger all over again.<ref name="anu2019"/> [[Neha Bhasin]] and [[Shweta Pandit]] had also accused Malik of inappropriate behaviour.<ref name="anu2019a">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/shweta-pandit-on-why-she-didn-t-accuse-pervert-anu-malik-of-sexual-harassment-when-she-was-a-school-kid-in-2001/story-oDNXLA1eFlYKzoFxPL2sMP.html|title=Hindustan Times Anu Malik Nov 2019|date=November 2019}}</ref><br />
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====Sajid Khan====<br />
In October 2018, [[Saloni Chopra]] spoke about being sexually harassed by Sajid Khan. In an interview aired on youtube channel of Zoom Saloni Chopra detailed her account of sexual harassment and misconduct by Sajid Khan. She also spoke about Sajid Khan sexually harassing other women in front of her.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/MPimNiDjaY4 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20191214071303/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPimNiDjaY4 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPimNiDjaY4| title = Saloni Chopra talks about when she met with Sajid Khan {{!}} #MeToo India {{!}} Exclusive | website=[[YouTube]]| date = 21 October 2018 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> He is yet to comment on these allegations. In wake of these allegations several bollywood bigwigs publicly distanced themselves from him. He was also replaced by [[Farhad Samji]] as Director for ''[[Housefull 4]]''. In December 2018, the Indian Film and Television Directors Association (IFTDA) announced that it was suspending Sajid Khan for a year due to the multiple sexual harassment allegations, by actresses Saloni Chopra and [[Rachel White (actress)|Rachel White]] and journalist Karishma Upadhyay.<ref>{{cite news |title=#MeToo: Film Body Suspends Sajid Khan for One Year Over Sexual Harassment Allegations |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/metoo-film-body-suspends-sajid-khan-for-one-year-over-sexual-harassment-allegations-1971167.html |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=News18 |date=December 12, 2018}}</ref><br />
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After staying away from public eye for a year Sajid Khan returned to social media on April 16, 2020.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.instagram.com/aslisajidkhan/ | title=Sajid Khan (@aslisajidkhan) • Instagram photos and videos }}</ref> His Instagram account as of June 24, 2020 has blocked users to post any comments.<br />
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==== Ashok Kumar Gopal Meena Vs State of Maharashtra ====<br />
Ashok Kumar Gopal Meena (professionally known as Ashok Meena), a cinematographer known for his work on [[Rangbaaz (TV series)|''Rangbaaz'']], ''[[Masaba Masaba]]'', and [[Against the Tide (2023 film)|''Against the Tide'']], was arrested on September 18th, 2023 by Versova Police Station (C.R. NO. 472/2023)<ref name=":3" /> and charged under Sec. 376, 1860 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) for an alleged offence of rape (CNR NO. MHCC050050562023)<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=23 October 2023 |title=ECOURT SERVICES District and Taluka Courts of India |url=https://services.ecourts.gov.in |access-date=9 February 2025 |website=ecourts.gov.in ECOURT SERVICES District and Taluka Courts of India |publisher=THE COURT OF SESSIONS, DINDOSHI, GOVT. of INDIA |id=MHCC050050562023}}</ref><br />
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Additional Sessions Judge, Sessions Court, Borivali Division, Dindoshi, rejected Ashok Meena's bail application on October 23rd 2023, citing the serious nature of the charges, which carry the possibility of life imprisonment. Ashok Meena was subsequently sent to Arthur Road Jail (CNR NO. MHCC050050562023 )<ref name=":3" /><br />
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On December 12, 2023, Ashok Meena was granted conditional bail by the court. He was directed not make any contact with the victim by any means and not tamper the prosecution witnesses in anyway(CNR NO. MHCC050058282023).<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2023 |title=ECOURTS SERVICES, District and Taluka Courts of India |url=https://services.ecourts.gov.in |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=ecourts.gov.in ECOURTS SERVICES, District and Taluka Courts of India |publisher=The Court of Sessions, Dindoshi, GOVT. Of INDIA |id=CR NO. MHCC050058282023}}</ref><br />
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As of June 2025, the case remains ongoing.<br />
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===News and media===<br />
* After multiple allegations of sexual harassment, psychological torture, and sending explicit material, the resident editor of the ''[[Times of India]]'' (a leading publication in the country), K.R. Sreenivas, resigned on 13 October 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kr-sreenivas-resigns-times-india-resident-editor-after-multiple-me-too-allegations-89920|title=KR Sreenivas resigns as Times of India Resident Editor after multiple 'Me Too' allegations|date=13 October 2018|website=Thenewsminute.com}}</ref><br />
* On 8 October, Prashant Jha stepped down as the Chief of Bureau and Political Editor of the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', a leading daily newspaper, after charges of sexual harassment filed against him by a former employee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ht-chief-bureau-prashant-jha-steps-down-after-allegations-sexual-misconduct-89632|title=HT's Prashant Jha steps down as Chief of Bureau after allegations of sexual misconduct|date=8 October 2018|website=Thenewsminute.com}}</ref><br />
* On 14 October 2018, film director [[Nishtha Jain]], in a Facebook post, accused [[The Wire (Indian web publication)|''The Wire'']] anchor [[Vinod Dua]]<ref>{{cite news |title=After sexual harassment allegations against Vinod Dua, The Wire issues statement - Janta Ka Reporter 2.0 |url=http://www.jantakareporter.com/india/after-sexual-harassment-allegations-against-vinod-dua-the-wire-issues-statement/213134/ |access-date=14 October 2018 |work=Janta Ka Reporter 2.0 |date=14 October 2018}}</ref> of stalking, slobbering, and sexually harassing her in June 1989.<ref>{{cite news |title=#Metoo: Mallika Dua's father Vinod Dua accused of sexual harassment, 'slobbered' the face of a filmmaker |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-metoo-mallika-dua-s-father-vinod-dua-accused-of-sexual-harassment-slobbered-the-face-of-a-filmmaker-2675252 |access-date=14 October 2018 |work=dna |date=14 October 2018}}</ref> Dua's daughter [[Mallika Dua]] said that she will let her father fight his battle and will stand by him.<ref>{{cite news |title=#MeToo movement: Mallika Dua reacts on sexual misconduct accusations on father Vinod Dua|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/metoo-movement-mallika-dua-reacts-on-sexual-misconduct-accusations-on-father-vinod-dua/articleshow/66206923.cms |access-date=14 October 2018 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> On 17 October, Dua, in a statement on the sexual harassment accusation against him, mocked the #MeToo movement as "trivial" in an election year in the latest episode of his ''The Wire'' show ''Jan Gan Man Ki Baat''. Dua said he was suspending his show for a week for ''The Wire'' to probe the sexual harassment allegation against him.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vinod Dua issues statement on sexual harassment accusation against him on The Wire podcast, mocks #MeToo movement - Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/vinod-dua-issues-statement-on-sexual-harassment-accusation-against-him-mocks-metoo-movement-5398491.html |access-date=17 October 2018 |work=www.firstpost.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017192813/http://www.firstpost.com/india/vinod-dua-issues-statement-on-sexual-harassment-accusation-against-him-mocks-metoo-movement-5398491.html | archive-date=17 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sabki Dhulai |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/10/17/metoo-vinod-dua-the-wire |access-date=17 October 2018 |work=Newslaundry |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017195243/https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/10/17/metoo-vinod-dua-the-wire |archive-date=17 October 2018 |language=en-us}}</ref><br />
*On 10 October, [[Stalin K]] of [[Video Volunteers]] was accused by an intern from the [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]], Mumbai, of sexual misconduct. Subsequently, TISS has issued an advisory dissociating itself from him and [[Video Volunteers]]. After this, several other instances of sexual harassment have also surfaced in the media, and they are currently under investigation by the ICC of Video Volunteers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thewire.in/media/stalin-k-padma-metoo-video-volunteers-sexual-harassment|title=#MeToo Allegations Hit Video Volunteers' Stalin K. Padma as Several Women Come Forward|website=The Wire|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=13 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013114159/https://thewire.in/media/stalin-k-padma-metoo-video-volunteers-sexual-harassment|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Politics and law===<br />
==== Minister of State (MOS) of External Affairs====<br />
In October 2018, [[MJ Akbar]], India's Minister of state for External Affairs, was accused of sexual harassment by several female colleagues.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/metoo-movement-six-women-speak-up-accuse-minister-mj-akbar-of-sexual-harassment-when-he-was-editor-5394625/|title=#MeToo campaign: Six women speak up, accuse Minister M J Akbar of sexual harassment when he was Editor|date=2018-10-10|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-10-10|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/mj-akbar-must-resign-if-former-journalist-cant-explain-sexual-harassment-charges-says-congress-jaipal-reddy-5352051.html|title=Congress' Jaipal Reddy says MJ Akbar must resign if he can't explain sexual harassment charges - Firstpost|website=Firstpost.com|date=10 October 2018|access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/media/mj-akbar-sexual-harassment|title=M.J. Akbar, Minister and Former Editor, Sexually Harassed and Molested Me|website=The Wire|access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/mj-akbar-faces-metoo-heat-asked-to-cut-short-nigeria-visit-may-be-back-today/articleshow/66157559.cms|title=MJ Akbar faces #MeToo heat, asked to 'cut short' Nigeria visit, may be back today|first1=Dipanjan Roy|last1=Chaudhury|first2=Vasudha|last2=Venugopal|date=11 October 2018|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/metoo-sexual-harrassment-charges-against-mj-akbar-put-modi-government-in-a-spot-final-call-likely-soon/1345170/|title=#MeToo: Sexual harassment charges against MJ Akbar put Modi government in a spot, final call likely soon|date=11 October 2018|website=Financialexpress.com|access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref> At least ten allegations have emerged against Akbar, the first public servant in high office to be accused.<ref name="Abi-Habib">{{cite news |last1=Abi-Habib |first1=Maria |last2=Goel |first2=Vindu |title=A Top Indian Minister Resigns, but Can #MeToo Reform Government? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/17/world/asia/india-mj-akbar-resigns-metoo.html |access-date=20 December 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=October 17, 2018}}</ref> Akbar's colleagues, including [[Smriti Irani]] and [[Maneka Gandhi]], have acknowledged the online testimonies against him and called for a probe. The Ministry of Women and Child Development announced that a panel would be set up to examine the existing legal framework for harassment at work.<ref name="dailyhunt.in">{{cite web|url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/the+indian+economist-epaper-indecono/it+s+officially+a+week+since+india+s+metoo+movement+started+here+is+a+list+of+all+those+accused-newsid-99147196|title=It's officially a week since India's #MeToo movement started. Here is a list of all those accused. - The Indian Economist |website=M.dailyhunt.in|access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref><br />
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In mid-October, a 41-page letter was written to Delhi's chief metropolitan magistrate by Akbar, which accused journalist [[Priya Ramani]] of defaming him on scandalous grounds. Ramani said she was "deeply disappointed" with Akbar's decision to take legal action against her.<ref name="washingtonpost.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/after-a-deluge-of-metoo-allegations-indian-men-claim-they-are-the-ones-under-attack/2018/10/15/5db5a776-d06e-11e8-a275-81c671a50422_story.html|title=After a deluge of #MeToo allegations, Indian men claim they are the ones under attack|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref> Ramani faced up to two years in prison if Akbar was successful in the criminal defamation case.<ref name="Dutt">{{cite news |last1=Dutt |first1=Barkha |title=An Indian minister accused of sexual abuse should have been sacked. Instead, he wants to punish women. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2018/10/15/an-indian-minister-accused-of-sexual-abuse-should-have-been-sacked-instead-he-wants-to-punish-women/ |access-date=20 December 2020 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=October 16, 2018}}</ref> Bhawana Bisht, writing for ''[[SheThePeople.TV]]'', described the case against Ramani as an example of a [[Strategic lawsuit against public participation|SLAPP lawsuit]] and "a way to drag the women to court and intimidate them until they withdraw."<ref name="Bisht">{{cite web |last1=Bisht |first1=Bhawana |title=There Is A History Of Using SLAPP Suits To Silence Women |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/there-is-a-history-of-using-slapp-suits-to-silence-women/ |website=SheThePeople.TV |access-date=20 December 2020 |date=October 20, 2018}}</ref> On February 10, 2021, ''The Quint'' published an overview of the defamation case in anticipation of the verdict on February 17, 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saran |first1=Mekhala |title=Akbar-Ramani Case: How a Journalist Was Tried for Saying #MeToo |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/law/mj-akbar-priya-ramani-case-background-explained-verdict-10-february |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=The Quint |date=February 10, 2021}}</ref><br />
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On 16 October, journalist Tushita Patel (wife of Aakar Patel, director of Amnesty International India) published an article on [[Scroll.in]] detailing instances of sexual harassment by Akbar during meetings with him in the early 1990s, when Akbar was the editor-in-chief of the [[Deccan Chronicle]], and Patel was a senior sub-editor. In a calmly indignant tone, Patel narrated separate incidents in which Akbar indecently exposed himself to her, and also forcibly kissed her, leaving her traumatized. She ended the article affirming the power of the solidarity and union of his female victims, who would be vocal against him in court proceedings: "The same sisterhood of solidarity that held our hands through the darkest times of our lives will come out only because you continue to be brazen. We are not confused, conflicted or vulnerable any more. Our time to speak is now – when we don’t have to run to a police station to lodge a complaint before anyone would give us a hearing."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/898460/mj-akbar-stop-with-the-lying-you-sexually-harassed-me-too-your-threats-will-not-silence-us|title=MJ Akbar, stop with the lying. You sexually harassed me too. Your threats will not silence us|first=Tushita|last=Patel|website=Scroll.in|date=16 October 2018 |access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref> M.J. Akbar resigned from the post of Minister of State for External Affairs on 17 October, having decided to fight in a personal capacity the allegations made against him.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/metoo-fallout-minister-of-state-mj-akbar-resigns/articleshow/66261655.cms|title=#MeToo fallout: MJ Akbar resigns as minister of state for external affairs |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 October 2018 }}</ref><br />
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On 18 October, the [[Editors Guild of India]] posted an official statement that requested Akbar to withdraw his defamation case against his accusers, and also offered legal and other support to any of the affected women (present or in the future) in his case or others: "If any of them were to need legal advice or assistance, the Guild will do the best it can to help and also appeal to eminent lawyers to represent them pro bono."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/metoo-editors-guild-of-india-urges-mj-akbar-to-withdraw-case-against-journalist-priya-ramani-1933885|title=In MJ Akbar vs Journalists, Top Editors' Body Asks Him To Withdraw Case|website=NDTV.com|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Also on 18 October, Akbar's hearing for his defamation case began at the [[Patiala House Courts Complex|Patiala House Courts]] in [[Delhi]]. Akbar himself was not present, but was represented by Senior Advocate [[Geeta Luthra]]. Luthra said that "at this stage all that she has to show is that Akbar's reputation has suffered, and that the allegedly defamatory remarks were read by others." The court said that it would record his statement on 31 October 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/metoo-mj-akbar-sues-priya-063907778.html|title='Not Consensual': Pallavi Gogoi After MJ Akbar Denied Rape Charge|website=in.news.yahoo.com|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref> On February 17, 2021, the court dismissed Akbar's complaint against Priya Ramani, stating the charges had not been proven.<ref name="NDTV">{{cite news |title="Ray Of Hope": Bollywood Celebrates Priya Ramani's Acquittal In Defamation Case |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ray-of-hope-bollywood-celebrates-priya-ramanis-acquittal-in-defamation-case-2372720 |access-date=17 February 2021 |work=NDTV |agency=Press Trust of India |date=February 17, 2021}}</ref> In the ruling, Judge Ravindra Kumar Pandey wrote, "Despite how well respected some persons are in the society, they in their personal lives, could show extreme cruelty to the females," and "The time has come for our society to understand the sexual abuse and sexual harassment and its implications on victims."<ref name="MitraCNN">{{cite news |last1=Mitra |first1=Esha |last2=Yeung |first2=Jessie |last3=Suri |first3=Manveena |title=Indian court rules in favor of female journalist sued for defamation over sexual harassment allegations |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/18/india/india-priya-ramani-defamation-case-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=23 February 2021 |work=CNN |date=February 18, 2021}}</ref> Pandey continued, "The woman cannot be punished for raising (her) voice against the sex abuse on the pretext of criminal complaint of defamation, as the right of reputation cannot be protected at the cost of the right of life and dignity of woman as guaranteed in the Indian Constitution."<ref name="MitraCNN"/><ref name="Kothari">{{cite news |last1=Kothari |first1=Jayna |title=Priya Ramani verdict has expanded the law on sexual harassment |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/priya-ramani-verdict-has-expanded-the-law-on-sexual-harassment-7201745/ |access-date=26 February 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=February 24, 2021}}</ref><br />
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==== National Students Union of India (NSUI) national president ====<br />
<br />
On 16 October 2018, [[Rahul Gandhi]], president of the INC, accepted [[NSUI]] national president Fairoz Khan's resignation after a letter was sent saying he was accused of sexual harassment. He was accused by a female member of the INC from Chhattisgarh. INC had ordered a three-member committee to investigate the matter. Khan denied the charges but stated he was stepping down as it was hurting the party's image. Latter Three member committee found him innocent. The woman had first complained against Khan to Rahul Gandhi in June 2018. She also demanded protection, as she feared for her life.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/nsui-president-quits-after-sexual-harassment-charges-rahul-gandhi-accepts-resignation-5404530/|title=NSUI president quits after sexual harassment charges, Rahul Gandhi accepts resignation|date=16 October 2018|website=Indianexpress.com|access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Sexual Harassment Allegations against Chief Justice of India ====<br />
<br />
In April 2019, Chief Justice of India [[Ranjan Gogoi]] was accused of sexual harassment by a former [[Supreme Court of India]] employee.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://thewire.in/women/former-supreme-court-employee-alleges-sexual-harassment-by-chief-justice-gogoi |title = Former Supreme Court Employee Alleges Sexual Harassment by Chief Justice Gogoi}}</ref> A three-judge internal investigation committee had given him clean chit<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/justice-bobde-panel-gives-clean-chit-to-cji-in-sexual-harassment-probe/article27048703.ece | title=Justice Bobde panel gives clean chit to CJI in sexual harassment probe| newspaper=The Hindu| date=6 May 2019}}</ref> but was severely criticised for being opaque, unfair and one-sided, thus violating principles of natural justice.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/clean-chit-to-cji-ranjan-gogoi-17-women-activists-held-for-protest-bid/article27072851.ece |title=Clean chit to CJI Ranjan Gogoi: 17 women activists held for protest bid|newspaper=The Hindu|date=8 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.livelaw.in/columns/controversial-clean-chit-to-cji-145164 | title=Clean Chit to CJI : Why the Doors of Justice Completely Closed ?| date=21 May 2019}}</ref><ref>Judicial Emergency: Justice and Country Blindfolded https://www.livelaw.in/columns/judicial-emergency-justice-emasculated-and-country-blindfolded-144845</ref><ref>Mounting Criticism Against Clean Chit To CJI In Sexual Harassment Case https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/cji-clean-chit-reactions-144846</ref> Gogoi described the allegation as an attempt to hamper the independence of the judiciary and a danger to democracy.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/sexual-harassment-allegations-against-cji-144404 |title = Sexual Harassment Allegations Against CJI: SC Says Bigger Plot to Deactivate Office of CJI|date = 20 April 2019}}</ref><br />
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Several eminent personalities from legal fraternity<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/justice-ap-shah-sexual-harassment-case-against-cji-ranjan-gogoi-this-episode-is-going-to-haunt-sc-in-years-to-come-5713956/ |title = 'This episode is going to haunt SC in years to come': Justice AP Shah on CJI sexual harassment case|date = 7 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-miscarriage-of-justice/article27051604.ece |title = A miscarriage of justice|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 7 May 2019|last1 = Dave|first1 = Dushyant}}</ref> including two retired Supreme Court justices questioned the in-house panel's decision.<br />
<br />
In an opinion piece written in the Indian Express titled "A One Sided Justice",<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/justice-ranjan-gogoi-sexual-harrassment-case-clean-chit-supreme-court-5741244/ |title = A one-sided justice|date = 22 May 2019}}</ref> Justice [[Madan Lokur]] had commented that the Court was driven by an "institutional bias" while dismissing the allegations raised by the woman. Justice [[Jasti Chelameswar]] had said that the Supreme Court did not follow due process while hearing the sexual harassment charges against the Chief Justice of India.<br />
<br />
=== Education ===<br />
<br />
==== Symbiosis Centre for Media and Communication (SCMC) ====<br />
Alumni of the Symbiosis Centre for Media and Communication (SCMC) in [[Pune]] took to social media to share harrowing accounts of harassment by some faculty members and their seniors; about 25 students and alumni of the college shared their ordeals, charging two faculty members and some senior students with harassment and molestation.<ref name="dailyhunt.in"/> They also said that the institution failed to take concrete action against the accused faculty members.<br />
Soon afterwards, SCMC authorities issued an apology on [[Facebook]] and promised an investigation by the Internal Complaints Committee (ICC).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/-metoo-symbiosis-students-accuse-faculty-seniors-of-harassment-1366779-2018-10-12|title=#MeToo: Symbiosis students accuse faculty, seniors of harassment|website=India Today|date=12 October 2018 |access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref><br />
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Dr Vidya Yeravdekar, principal director of Symbiosis Society, said that the Symbiosis University Management is "doing its best to abide by UGC rules." He noted that a "high power internal complaints committee, consisting of the vice-chancellor, dean, registrar and the director of the institution, has been constituted." The committee, he said, will take necessary steps to investigate any claims and consequences.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/SCMC01/posts/2206938596248897|title=Symbiosis Center for Media & Communication|website=Facebook.com|access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref><br />
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On 21 October, the university decided to send Anupam Siddhartha, director of SCMC, on leave pending an inquiry. In the days prior, a petition had been signed by 106 students, both current students and alumni of SCMC, who gave "graphic details of years of alleged harassment and abuse at the hands of the SCMC director," as reported by NDTV. Vidya Yeravdekar, principal director of SIU, said, "There was already an internal complaints committee, which had been set up to look into the allegations raised in the past, some of which were against Siddhartha... some of the allegations were shocking and we immediately referred it to the ICC, who called him on Saturday for investigations. Based on the recommendation of the ICC, which has said that he should stay away from campus duties pending an inquiry, he will be sent on leave from Monday."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/symbiosis-director-anupam-siddhartha-leave-after-106-students-complain-harassment-5410951/|title=Symbiosis asks director to go on leave after 106 students complain of harassment|date=21 October 2018|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref> The sexual harassment case was demised after a three month long investigation, though he was charged with disciplinary excessive issues.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sexual harassment charges not substantiated, but Symbiosis transfers media school director |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/sexual-harassment-charges-not-substantiated-but-symbiosis-transfers-media-school-director-5567509/ |access-date=20 August 2019 |work=The Indian Express |date=4 February 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Sreeram Gopalkrishnan was then appointed the director of Symbiosis Centre for Media & Communication (SCMC).<br />
<ref>{{cite news |title=Principal Speak: Institute's pedagogy is student-centric, says Gopalkrishnan/ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/principal-speak-institutes-pedagogy-is-student-centric-says-gopalkrishnan/story-YH5aEctWZoD2R8xXfltWoL.html |access-date=September 5, 2020 |work=The Hindustan Times |date=17 May 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
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==== Ambedkar University Delhi (AUD) ====<br />
[[Lawrence Liang]], professor at [[Ambedkar University, Delhi|Ambedkar University Delhi]] (AUD) and then Dean of AUD's School of Law, Governance and Citizenship, was found by an inquiry committee to have sexually harassed a doctoral student on multiple occasions (beginning in April 2015) and removed from his position as Dean.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=Aarefa Johari & Shreya Roy |title=Why Ambedkar University held law professor Lawrence Liang guilty of sexual harassment |url=https://scroll.in/article/871321/why-ambedkar-university-held-law-professor-lawrence-liang-guilty-of-sexual-harassment |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=Scroll.in |date=8 March 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhanj |first=Jaideep Deo |date=2018-03-08 |title=AUD Professor found guilty of sexual harassment |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/aud-professor-found-guilty-of-sexual-harassment/article22988210.ece |access-date=2022-04-29 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-09 |title=Ambedkar University panel finds Dean guilty of sexual harassment |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/ambedkar-university-panel-finds-dean-guilty-of-sexual-harassment-lawrence-liang-5091353/ |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The committee also reportedly observed that Liang had faced complaints of sexual harassment at the Alternative Law Forum (ALF), an NGO he founded and previously worked in.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Datta |first=Saikat |date=2018-03-08 |title=Indian university finds top academic guilty of sexual harassment |url=https://asiatimes.com/2018/03/indian-university-finds-top-academic-guilty-sexual-harassment/ |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=Asia Times |language=en-US}}</ref> In response, the complainant (speaking anonymously to the press) criticised the punishment meted out by the committee as “inadequate” in light of the “repeat sexual assaults” she had allegedly suffered from.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-08 |title=Ambedkar Uni academic guilty of sexual harassment, survivor unhappy with 'punishment' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/lawrence-liang-found-guilty-sexual-harassment-survivor-says-punishment-inadequate-77670 |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> In contrast, Liang stated to the press that he "dispute[d] the report in its entirety, its findings and recommendations included”,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chirumamilla |first=Varun |title=Ambedkar University committee finds ALF founder and NLS grad Lawrence Liang guilty of sexual harassment |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/ambedkar-university-delhi-finds-alf-founder-lawrence-liang-guilty-sexual-harassment |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |date=8 March 2018 |language=en}}</ref> and that he would “exhaust every channel open" to seek recourse.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Sowmya Rajaram|date=Mar 9, 2018 |title='I am not a harasser' |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/i-am-not-a-harasser/articleshow/63223669.cms |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref> The ALF issued a statement saying that Liang had "left the Alternative Law Forum in March 2015" and had "now ceased to be a member of ALF’s Governing Body". Further, that ALF was "in the process of reviewing organisational policy to ensure that preventive and not merely punitive steps are taken towards addressing sexual harassment."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alternative Law Forum's statement with respect to media reports of sexual harassment concerning Lawrence Liang |website=Alternative Law Forum |url=http://altlawforum.org/sexual-harassment/alternative-law-forums-statement-with-respect-to-media-reports-of-sexual-harassment-concerning-lawrence-liang/ |access-date=2022-04-29}}</ref> In 2018, Liang filed a petition against AUD and the complainant contesting the findings made against him. Between 9 April and 30 March 2022, eight hearings have taken in the case with little progress, with hearings frequently adjourned for lack of time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to High Court of Delhi |url=https://delhihighcourt.nic.in/dhc_case_status_oj_list.asp?pno=890371 |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=delhihighcourt.nic.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== November 2018 Caravan Magazine Investigations ===<br />
The November 2018 issue of ''Caravan'', a prominent Indian news magazine, investigated at length three prominent cases of workplace sexual harassment: involving entertainment behemoth, [[Only Much Louder]], prominent television journalist and anchor, Gaurav Sawant, and another famous artist, Jatin Das.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/gender/the-reckoning|title=Women speak out against Gaurav Sawant, Jatin Das and Vijay Nair's OML|website=The Caravan|access-date=2018-12-08}}</ref><br />
<br />
The charges against Only Much Louder<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/gender/how-oml-failed-women-ranks|title=How Only Much Louder failed the women in its ranks|last=Sharma|first=co-authored by Surabhi Kanga, Bhanuj Kappal, Arnav Das|website=The Caravan|access-date=2018-12-08}}</ref> - famous for starting the NH7 Weekender and the power behind comedy groups All India Bakchod and East India Comedy - included serial charges of sexual harassment against the company's co-founder, Vijay Nair. The story also detailed how the company failed in its internal handling of sexual harassment charges that came to its notice.<ref name="auto"/><br />
<br />
The same cover story also detailed a harrowing account of sexual misdemeanor by TV anchor, Gaurav Sawant,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/gender/journalist-accuses-gaurav-sawant-of-sexual-assault|title=Journalist accuses primetime anchor Gaurav Sawant of sexual assault|last=Saxena|first=Nikita|website=The Caravan|access-date=2018-12-08}}</ref> against journalist [[Vidya Krishnan]]. As per the account published in the magazine, Krishnan alleged that during a reporting trip to the Beas in Punjab, Sawant tried to repeatedly molest her. In the article, Krishnan says to Nikita Saxena, the author of the said article, "I was really excited about being counted, being sent from ''Pioneer'' with all the supposedly senior journalists," Sawant, who had earlier reported on the Kargil war in 1999, was part of the entourage Krishnan was travelling with. In the Army jeep, Sawant allegedly touched Krishnan on her right shoulder and slowly moved his hands to her breast, later on pretending as if nothing had happened.<br />
<br />
"When the group returned to their hotel rooms in the evening, Vidya says she received a message from Gaurav that he wanted her to come to his room. When Vidya tried to brush him off politely, Gaurav reportedly said that what he had in mind was 'nothing naughty' and he 'just wanted to get into a bathtub with her.' Gaurav then came to her room unexpectedly, she says, and dropped his pants and tried to sexually assault her. She tried to push him away, but could not, Vidya says."<br />
<br />
"I felt like he was overpowering me, which is why in my panic I started screaming," Vidya's response managed to drive Gaurav off, who pretended as if nothing had happened the next day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/me-too-india-today-anchor-gaurav-sawant-accused-sexual-harassment-91465|website=www.thenewsminute.com|access-date=2018-12-08|title='Me Too': India Today anchor Gaurav Sawant accused of sexual harassment|date=13 November 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Challenges ==<br />
India's MeToo movement differs in key ways from the movement in the United States.<ref name="washingtonpost.com"/> The allegations against [[Harvey Weinstein]] were investigated by reliable sources in the US, while in India, accusations emerged on social media, where women posted their grievances.<ref name="washingtonpost.com"/> In addition, laws against [[Defamation#India|defamation in India]] allow the prosecution of women who are unable to prove their allegations, with a maximum jail term of two years, while the [[First Amendment]] protects such rights in the United States.<ref name="washingtonpost.com"/> As a result, activists began to work towards strengthening the [[Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013]], which was implemented poorly since its establishment.<ref name="washingtonpost.com"/><br />
<br />
As of mid-October 2018, the social " MeToo" campaign of India has continued to grow and be covered by major media outlets as a topic of importance, with victims outing their abusers on a regular basis.<ref name="NYTimes">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/09/world/asia/india-sexual-harassment-me-too-bollywood.html|title=After a Long Wait, India's #MeToo Movement Suddenly Takes Off|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=16 October 2018|date=2018-10-09|last1=Goel|first1=Vindu|last2=Venkataraman|first2=Ayesha|last3=Schultz|first3=Kai}}</ref> The movement has since resulted in major social consequences for several of those accused, such as firing or resignation from their jobs, condemnation and disassociation from members of their respective industries, and indignation against their actions from their fans and/or the public at large. Similarly, accusers have also been the target of countersuits from the accused, even as they often have social support and added coverage from the media.<ref name="dailyhunt.in"/><ref name="Kothari" /><br />
<br />
While the Indian MeToo movement brought stories of sexual harassment and abuse to the forefront, this likely reflects only a fraction of a much larger phenomenon. Scholar Shamika Dixit coined the term 'imagined constraints' to describe the limitations of social media platforms, which discouraged many Indian women from speaking out. Through interviews, she uncovered how women wanted to avoid the familial judgement, social stigma and [[emotional labour]] that came with participating in the MeToo movement. This ultimately constrained the agency of individual women to publicly voice their experiences.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dixit |first1=Shamika |title=I Refused to Say #MeToo: Negotiating Between Individual Agency and 'Imagined' Platform Constraints |journal=Journal of Creative Communications |date=10 January 2021 |volume=17 |pages=35–48 |doi=10.1177/0973258620980550 |s2cid=234281763 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0973258620980550 |access-date=12 September 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Criticism ==<br />
Journalist [[Seema Mustafa]] has expressed encouragement for the women who have shared their personal experiences and has said that this is a big achievement for India's women's movement, but she has also felt that the movement lacks internal criticism, which would have been helpful in strengthening the cause.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/NewsDetail/index/7/15213/Whoa-MeToo-Hold-Your-Horses|title=Whoa #MeToo, Hold Your Horses…|last=Mustafa|first=Seema|work=The Citizen|access-date=2018-10-17|language=en-US|archive-date=17 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017123927/https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/NewsDetail/index/7/15213/Whoa-MeToo-Hold-Your-Horses|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tavleen Singh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' has criticized the MeToo movement participants in India, claiming the 'liberals' leading the movement are illiberal towards disagreements with their point of view.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/metoo-india-sexual-harassment-media-timesup-5400987/|title=Fifth column: Why I am not MeToo|date=2018-10-14|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-10-17|language=en-US}}</ref> Govind Krishnan V of ''[[Firstpost]]'' concurred with Mustafa's sentiments and additionally stated that one limitation of the movement in India was that it shuts itself from constructive criticism, which would help to strengthen the movement.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/metoo-in-india-accusation-against-a-man-cant-be-construed-as-guilt-calculus-of-probability-should-account-for-innocence-5381271.html|title=#MeToo: Accusations against men can't be construed as guilt; calculus of probability should account for innocence - Firstpost|website=www.firstpost.com|date=15 October 2018|access-date=2018-10-17}}</ref> As an analogy, he mentioned that feminism has evolved over time due to this type of criticism: " MeToo movement needs more nuanced and richer conversations which have space for debate, disagreement and dissent. The movement needs deeper forms of engagement and a collective will to develop a self-critical discourse which can generate essential kind of intellectual spade work."<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
Mustafa also expressed her reservations about the tone and tenor of the MeToo movement on social media. A key point of her criticism was the movement's 'inability to differentiate between a man who is guilty of rape and sexual assault from a man who solicited a woman with a drink, or an unacceptable text message', arguing it offers the same 'punishment' for all. Krishna too shared the viewpoint, writing, "This remains a challenge of great importance for India’s MeToo, which it has not yet succeeded in overcoming".<ref name=":1" /> Mustafa and Singh both said that the current movement in India is "exclusive, elite and metropolitan in nature", failing to represent ordinary Indians.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
Mustafa has spoken of justice as a concept where an innocent man is not supposed to be framed, even if it means the guilty get away.<ref name=":0" /> She has rebuked the MeToo movement as "too subjective, arbitrary and without due responsibility".<ref name=":0" /> Mustafa has also criticized the "mob mentality" of the movement as the accusations on social media deny the accused a proper chance to defend themselves.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Men Too movement (India)]]<br />
* [[Gender inequality in India]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[https://data.indianexpress.com/metoo-tracker/ Indian Express - " MeToo" Tracker]<br />
*[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/me-too/ Times of India - Visual catalog of " MeToo" accused persons]<br />
*[https://metoorising.withgoogle.com/ " MeToo Rising" - 3D Global visualization of the " MeToo" movement]<br />
<br />
{{Weinstein effect}} <br />
{{Portal bar|India|Feminism|Human sexuality|Internet|Society}} <br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Social movements in India]]<br />
[[Category:Women's rights in India]]<br />
[[Category:Feminism in India]]<br />
[[Category:History of women in India]]<br />
[[Category:MeToo movement|India]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sujapur_Assembly_constituency&diff=538001Sujapur Assembly constituency2026-05-04T12:03:55Z<p>Priyupranav: Done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|West Bengal Legislative Assembly constituency}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Sujapur<br />
| type= SLA<br />
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Sujapur.map}}<br />
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Sujapur Assembly Constituency<br />
| map_alt = <br />
| mla = [[Abdul Ghani (Indian politician)|Muhammad Abdul Ghani]]<br />
| party = [[Trinamool Congress]]<br />
| alliance = <br />
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
| state = [[West Bengal]]<br />
| district = [[Malda district|Malda]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Maldaha Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Dakshin]]<br />
| constituency_no = 53<br />
| established = 1957<br />
| electors = 251,186<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| abolished = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sujapur Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Malda district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 53 Sujapur Assembly constituency covers Alipur I, Alipur II, Bamongram Mashimpur, Gayeshbari, Jalalpur, Jalua Badhal, Kalia Chak II, Mozampur, Naoda Jadupur, Silampur I, Silampur II and Sujapur [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Kaliachak (Community development block)|Kaliachak I]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]].<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 11 July 2014 | work = West Bengal| publisher = Election Commission of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sujapur Assembly constituency is part of No. 8 [[Maldaha Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name =delimitation/> It was earlier part of [[Malda (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
|-<br />
| [[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
| Manoranjan Mishra<br />
| {{Party name with color|Independent}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
| Ashadulla Choudhury<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=16}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
| rowspan="5" | [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | Humayoun Chowdhury<br />
|-<br />
| [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br />
| rowspan="4" | [[Rubi Noor]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2009^<br />
| [[Mausam Noor]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2009^<br />
| rowspan="2"|[[Abu Nasar Khan Choudhury]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br />
| [[Isha Khan Choudhury]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
| [[Abdul Ghani (Indian politician)|Muhammad Abdul Ghan|i]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br />
| Sabina Yeasmin<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* ^ by-election<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
<br />
===2026===<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Sujapur}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Sabina Yeasmin]] |party=Trinamool Congress |votes={{formatnum:112795}} |percentage=49.66|change=}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Md Abdul Hannan|party=Indian National Congress |votes={{formatnum:52508}} |percentage=23.12|change=}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Md Karimullah Haque|party=Indian Secular Front |votes={{formatnum:29026}} |percentage=12.78|change=}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Abhijit Rajak|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:20066}} |percentage=8.83 |change=}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Monirul islam(Muslim)|party=All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen |votes={{formatnum:4822}} |percentage=2.12|change=}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes=952|percentage=0.42|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:227125}}|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Trinamool Congress<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2021===<br />
In the 2021 election, Md. Abdul Ghani of [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]], defeated his nearest rival, Isha Khan Choudhury of [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<ref name="West Bengal assembly election 2021: Full list of winners">{{cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-full-list-of-winners/2243718/|title=West Bengal assembly election 2021: Full list of winners|last1=Financialexpress|date=3 May 2021|accessdate=17 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317104451/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-full-list-of-winners/2243718/|archivedate=17 March 2023|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Sujapur}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Abdul Ghani (Indian politician)|Muhammad Abdul Ghani]]<br />
|votes = 152,445<br />
|percentage = 73.44<br />
|change = +43.26<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Isha Khan Choudhury]]<br />
|votes = 22,282<br />
|percentage = 10.73<br />
|change = -47.73<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Sk. Ziauddin<br />
|votes = 14,789<br />
|percentage = 7.12<br />
|change = +0.88<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian Secular Front<br />
|candidate = Md. Nur Islam Sekh<br />
|votes = 11,173<br />
|percentage = 5.38<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Md. Rahim Biswas<br />
|votes = 2,321<br />
|percentage = 1.12<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above]]<br />
|votes = 1,527<br />
|percentage = 0.74<br />
|change = -0.79<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Rafiqul Islam<br />
|votes = 1,461<br />
|percentage = 0.70<br />
|change = +0.44<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Party of Democratic Socialism (India)<br />
|candidate = Nasmul Hoque<br />
|votes = 546<br />
|percentage = 0.26<br />
|change = +0.00<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Manjur Alahi Munshi<br />
|votes = 454<br />
|percentage = 0.22<br />
|change = +0.05<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Md. Saidul Hoque<br />
|votes = 352<br />
|percentage = 0.17<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Jamat-E-Seratul Mustakim<br />
|candidate = Md. Monirul Hasan<br />
|votes = 241<br />
|percentage = 0.12<br />
|change = -0.19<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = 207,591<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2016===<br />
In the 2016 election, Isha Khan Chowdhury of INC defeated his nearest rival [[Abu Nasar Khan Choudhury]] of TMC.<ref name="2016 West Bengal Assembly election results">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/westbengal2016/live-west-bengal-assembly-election-results-2016/article60509870.ece1|title=2016 West Bengal Assembly election results|last1=The Hindu|date=18 May 2016|accessdate=17 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317103645/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/westbengal2016/live-west-bengal-assembly-election-results-2016/article60509870.ece1|archivedate=17 March 2023|language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Sujapur constituency}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Isha Khan Choudhury]]<br />
|votes = 97,332<br />
|percentage = 58.46<br />
|change = +6.71<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Abu Nasar Khan Choudhury]]<br />
|votes = 50,252<br />
|percentage = 30.18<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Nandan Kumar Ghosh<br />
|votes = 10,393<br />
|percentage = 6.24<br />
|change = +3.68<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above]]<br />
|votes = 2,542<br />
|percentage = 1.53<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Sekh Wased Ali<br />
|votes = 1,642<br />
|percentage = 0.99<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Sadhan Chatterjee<br />
|votes = 734<br />
|percentage = 0.44<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Md. Rajiul Islam<br />
|votes = 633<br />
|percentage = 0.38<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Jamat-E-Seratul Mustakim<br />
|candidate = Md. Gul Hasan<br />
|votes = 519<br />
|percentage = 0.31<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Md. Touhid Sk<br />
|votes = 473<br />
|percentage = 0.28<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Party of Democratic Socialism (India)<br />
|candidate = Nasmul Hoque<br />
|votes = 433<br />
|percentage = 0.26<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Pulak Gupta<br />
|votes = 427<br />
|percentage = 0.26<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Manjur Alahi Munshi<br />
|votes = 291<br />
|percentage = 0.17<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Md. Sariful Alam<br />
|votes = 247<br />
|percentage = 0.15<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Md. Munna Khan<br />
|votes = 216<br />
|percentage = 0.13<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha<br />
|candidate = Pankaj Rishi<br />
|votes = 210<br />
|percentage = 0.13<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Abdul Karim<br />
|votes = 152<br />
|percentage = 0.09<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = 166,496<br />
|percentage = 79.18<br />
|change = +1.02<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2011===<br />
In the 2011 election, Abu Naser Khan Chowdhury of Congress defeated his nearest rival Sekh Ketabuddin of CPI(M).<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Sujapur constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=53| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130616105728/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=53| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 16 June 2013|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Sujapur | publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 8 April 2011}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Abu Nasar Khan Choudhury]]<br />
|votes = 70,640<br />
|percentage = 52.75<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br />
|candidate = Haji Ketabuddin Sk.<br />
|votes = 53,279<br />
|percentage = 39.79<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = Muslim League Kerala State Committee<br />
|candidate = Md. Ezaruddin<br />
|votes = 4,788<br />
|percentage = 3.58<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Tutul Saha<br />
|votes = 3,429<br />
|percentage = 2.56<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Abdur Rouf Ansari<br />
|votes = 1,778<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = 133,914<br />
|percentage = 78.16<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1977–2009===<br />
In the by-election held in 2009, subsequent to the election of the sitting MLA [[Mausam Noor]] from [[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)]], Abu Nasar Khan Choudhury of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] won the seat. In an earlier by-election held in the same year, caused by the death of the sitting MLA, Rubi Noor, Mausam Noor of Congress defeated Haji Ketabuddin of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]].<ref name=2009bye1>{{cite web| url = http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/2014/04/23/152--Late-Ghani-Khan-ailing-Priya-Ranjan-relevant-in-Bengal-Election-Special-.html |title = Late Ghani Khan, ailing Priya Ranjan relevant in Bengal election |publisher= News Track India | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://indian-electionaffairs.com/results/bye-elections/West_Bengal_bye-elections-2009.html| title = West Bengal State Assembly Byelections 2009| publisher = Indian Election Affairs| access-date = 29 August 2009| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110713024926/http://indian-electionaffairs.com/results/bye-elections/West_Bengal_bye-elections-2009.html| archive-date = 13 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/press/current/pn101109.pdf| title = Results of bye – elections to the 31 (thirty one) Assembly Constituencies and 1(one) Lok Sabha Constituency|publisher = Election Commission of India | access-date = 29 August 2009}}</ref> Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned.<br />
<br />
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]], 2001, 1996 and 1991, Rubi Noor of Congress won the Suzapur assembly seat defeating her nearest rivals Hamidur Rahman of CPI(M) in 2006,<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> Abdur Rauf of CPI(M) in 2001<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> and 1996,<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> and Kowsar Ali of CPI(M) in 1991.<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> Humayoun Chowdhury of Congress defeated Kowsar Ali of CPI(M) in 1987<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> and Mamtaz Begum of CPI(M) in 1982.<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]] of Congress defeated Habibur of CPI(M) in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp48.htm|title = 48 - Suzapur Assembly Constituency| work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977| publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 26 September 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
===1957–1972===<br />
A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury of Congress won in 1972,<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> 1971,<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> 1969<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> and 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> Ashadulla Choudhury of Congress won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> Manoranjan Mishra, Independent, won in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]].<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> Prior to that the Sazapur seat did not exist.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Malda topics}}<br />
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Malda district]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]<br />
[[Category:1957 establishments in West Bengal]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=I-League_3&diff=503385I-League 32026-05-02T07:02:52Z<p>Priyupranav: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Fourth division men's association football league in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox football league<br />
| name = I-League 3<br />
| image = I-League 3.svg<br />
| pixels = 200<br />
| organiser = [[All India Football Federation|AIFF]]<br />
| founded = {{start date and age|df=y|2023|6|13}} (as ''I-League 3'')<br />
| country = India<br />
| confed = [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]<br />
| teams = 20<br />
| levels = [[Indian football league system#Men's|4]]<br />
| promotion = [[I-League 2]]<br />
| relegation = [[Indian State Leagues|State leagues]] (provisionally)<br />
| league_cup = [[Durand Cup]]{{efn|Participation via an invitation}}<br />
| confed_cup = <br />
| champions = [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]] (1st title)<br />
| most successful club = [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]<br/>[[SC de Goa|Sporting Goa]]<br/>(1 title each)<br />
| tv = Indian Football, SportsKPI <br> ([[online streaming]])<br />
| website = [https://indianfootballleague.in/ indianfootballleague.in]<br />
| current = [[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''I-League 3''' is an Indian men's professional [[Association football|football]] league. It forms the fourth tier of the [[Indian football league system]], below the [[Indian Football League 2]] and above the [[Indian State Leagues|State leagues]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Five teams submit bids for direct Hero I-League entry |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/five-teams-submit-bids-for-direct-hero-i-league-entry |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=www.the-aiff.com |archive-date=2023-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614022729/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/five-teams-submit-bids-for-direct-hero-i-league-entry |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-13 |title=Record five bids for I-League; no ISL reserves in 2nd and 3rd divisions |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/record-five-bids-for-i-league-no-isl-reserves-in-2nd-and-3rd-divisions-101686676489993.html |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615024518/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/record-five-bids-for-i-league-no-isl-reserves-in-2nd-and-3rd-divisions-101686676489993.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>https://indiasportshub.com/i-league-2-3-merger-for-2025-26-a-necessary-reset-for-indian-footballs-fragile-middle-tier/</ref><ref>https://indianfootballleague.in/i-league-2-2025-26-to-begin-on-march-27/</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
=== National Football League NFL3 ===<br />
The '''National Football League Third Division''' ('''NFL 3rd Division''') was the men's third-tier of the [[Indian football league system#Men's|Indian football league system]] from 2006 to 2007. Founded by the [[All India Football Federation]] (AIFF) in 2006, the NFL was the first third division football league in India to be organized on a national scale. The league was played from 25 November up to 18 December 2006 as a promotional tournament for [[National Football League Second Division (India)|Indian National Football League Second Division]]. Five teams were promoted to the second division.<ref name="ifde">{{cite web|author=Arunava Chaudhary|title=National Football League Third Division|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2006-07nl3.html|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129183608/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2006-07nl3.html|archive-date=29 November 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=NFL Third Division 2006–07|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india07.html|website=[[RSSSF]]|publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|access-date=11 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129184824/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india07.html|archive-date=29 November 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>. AIFF folded the league in 2007 after the first edition.<br />
<br />
=== I-League 3 === <br />
<br />
For the first time, the [[All India Football Federation|AIFF]] introduced qualifiers for the I-League 2 in the 2022–23 season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Triyasha |date=2023-05-01 |title=I-League: AIFF League Committee inflict 3-TIER BIDDING structure for DIRECT entry into I-League 2023-24- Check Out |url=https://www.insidesport.in/football/i-league-aiff-league-committee-decide-to-increase-number-of-teams-in-i-league-inflict-3-tier-bidding-structure-for-direct-entry-into-i-league-2023-24-check-out/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=Inside Sport India |language=en-US}}</ref> On 13 June 2023, the AIFF league committee announced introducing a new league below the I-League 2, where champions of State leagues and nominated clubs will play. State FAs have to nominate a team before July 31.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=AIFF League committee announce I-League direct entry bidders and revamped league structure for IWL |url=https://khelnow.com/football/2023-06-indian-football-aiff-league-committee-meeting |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=Khel Now |language=English |archive-date=2023-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613201503/https://khelnow.com/football/2023-06-indian-football-aiff-league-committee-meeting |url-status=live }}</ref> The AIFF wants to create a competitive pyramid with a concrete progression pathway, aimed to allow even the smallest of clubs to get promoted to the higher divisions.<br />
<br />
== All-time clubs ==<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%;"<br />
|-<br />
| style="width:8px; background:#D0F0C0;"| ||Currently in '''I-League 3'''<br />
|-<br />
| style="width:8px; background:#c1ddfd;"| ||Currently in [[Indian Super League]], [[I-League|Indian Football League]] or [[I-League 2|Indian Football League 2]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="width:8px; background:#ffffff;"| ||Currently in [[Indian State Leagues|State leagues]]<br />
|-<br />
| style="width:8px; background:#bbb;"| ||Defunct clubs<br />
|}<br />
<br />
''{{As of|2024}}''<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%;"<br />
|-<br />
!Pos.<br />
!Club<br />
!City<br />
!{{Abbr|S|Season}}<br />
!{{Abbr|P|Matches played}}<br />
!{{Abbr|W|Won}}<br />
!{{Abbr|D|Draw}}<br />
!{{Abbr|L|Lost}}<br />
!{{Abbr|GF|Goal for}}<br />
!{{Abbr|GA|Goal against}}<br />
!{{Abbr|GD|Goal difference}}<br />
!{{Abbr|Pts|Total points}}<br />
!Appearances<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#c1ddfd;"<br />
| '''1''' || [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]] || [[Diamond Harbour, India|Diamond Harbour]], [[West Bengal]] || 2 || 13 || 11 || 1 || 1 || 30 || 8 || 22 || 34 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]], '''[[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]'''<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''2''' || [[KLASA FC|KLASA]] || [[Bishnupur, Manipur|Bishnupur]], [[Manipur]] || 2 || 16 || 8 || 4 || 4 || 24 || 17 || 7 || 28 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]], [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#c1ddfd;"<br />
| '''3''' || [[Chanmari FC|Chanmari]] || [[Aizawl]], [[Mizoram]] || 1 || 9 || 8 || 0 || 1 || 22 || 4 || 18 || 24 || [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''4''' || [[Kerala United FC|Kerala United]] || [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]], [[Kerala]] || 2 || 12 || 5 || 4 || 3 || 20 || 14 || 6 || 19 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]], [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#c1ddfd;"<br />
| '''5''' || [[SC de Goa|Sporting Goa]] || [[Panaji]], [[Goa]] || 1 || 8 || 5 || 3 || 1 || 17 || 3 || 14 || 17 || '''[[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]]'''<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#c1ddfd;"<br />
| '''6''' || [[SC Bengaluru|Sporting Bengaluru]] || [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]] || 1 || 8 || 5 || 3 || 1 || 19 || 8 || 11 || 17 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#c1ddfd;"<br />
| '''7''' || [[Dempo SC|Dempo]] || [[Panaji]], [[Goa]] || 1 || 8 || 5 || 3 || 1 || 11 || 2 || 9 || 17 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#c1ddfd;"<br />
| '''8''' || [[Karbi Anglong Morning Star FC|Karbi Anglong Morning Star]] || [[Diphu]], [[Assam]] || 1 || 8 || 5 || 0 || 3 || 27 || 11 || 16 || 15 || [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''9''' || [[Lakecity FC|Lakecity]] || [[Bhopal]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] || 2 || 8 || 4 || 3 || 1 || 17 || 10 || 7 || 15 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]], [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#c1ddfd;"<br />
| '''10''' || [[Sports Academy Tirur|SAT]] || [[Tirur]], [[Kerala]] || 1 || 8 || 4 || 2 || 2 || 15 || 12 || 3 || 14 || [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#c1ddfd;"<br />
| '''11''' || [[MYJ–GMSC]] || [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] || 1 || 8 || 4 || 1 || 3 || 14 || 8 || 6 || 13 || [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''12''' || [[Sesa Football Academy|Sesa]] || [[Sanquelim]], [[Goa]] || 1 || 8 || 3 || 3 || 2 || 11 || 11 || 0 || 12 || [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''13''' || [[Garhwal Heroes FC|Garhwal Heroes]] || [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]] || 2 || 8 || 4 || 0 || 4 || 11 || 14 || -3 || 12 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]], [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''14''' || [[Sports Odisha]] || [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]] || 2 || 8 || 3 || 2 || 3 || 10 || 10 || 0 || 11 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]], [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''15''' || [[Abbas Union FC|Abbas Union]] || [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]] || 2 || 12 || 3 || 2 || 7 || 12 || 18 || -6 || 11 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]], [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''16''' || [[Rangdajied United FC|Rangdajied United]] || [[Shillong]], [[Meghalaya]] || 1 || 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 8 || 2 || 6 || 8 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''17''' || [[Kickstart FC|Kickstart]] || [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]] || 1 || 4 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 15 || 4 || 11 || 7 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''18''' || [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited SC|HAL]] || [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]] || 1 || 4 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 9 || 3 || 6 || 7 || [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''19''' || [[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]] || [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]] || 1 || 4 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 8 || 6 || 2 || 7 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''20''' || [[Kenkre FC|Kenkre]] || [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] || 1 || 4 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 8 || 8 || 0 || 7 || [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''21''' || [[Downtown Heroes FC|Downtown Heroes]] || [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] || 1 || 8 || 2 || 1 || 5 || 13 || 17 || -4 || 7 || [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''22''' || [[Dalbir Football Academy|Dalbir]] || [[Patiala]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] || 1 || 8 || 2 || 1 || 5 || 5 || 15 || -10 || 7 || [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''23''' || International || [[Phagwara]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] || 1 || 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 5 || 3 || 2 || 6 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''24''' || [[Vatika FC|Vatika]] || [[Gurgaon]], [[Haryana]] || 1 || 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 5 || 7 || -2 || 6 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]]<br />
<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''25''' || [[Charutar Vidya Mandal FC|Charutar Vidya Mandal]] || [[Vallabh Vidyanagar]], [[Gujarat]] || 1 || 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 5 || 8 || -3 || 6 || [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''26''' || [[United Chirang Duar FC|United Chirang Duar]] || [[Chirang district|Chirang]], [[Assam]] || 1 || 4 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 5 || 5 || 0 || 5 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''27''' || [[ARA FC|ARA]] || [[Ahemedabad]], [[Gujarat]] || 1 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 7 || 4 || 3 || 4 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''28''' || KIYC || [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]] || 1 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 8 || 7 || 1 || 4 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''29''' || [[Southern Sporting Union|Southern Sporting]] || [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]] || 1 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 5 || 5 || 0 || 4 || [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''30''' || [[Baroda FA|Baroda]] || [[Vadodara]], [[Gujarat]] || 1 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 3 || 5 || -2 || 3 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''31''' || [[Corbett FC|Corbett]] || [[Rudrapur, Uttarakhand|Rudrapur]], [[Uttarakhand]] || 1 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 3 || 7 || -4 || 3 || [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''32''' || [[Coramandal FC|Coramandal]] || [[Vishakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] || 1 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 4 || 12 || -8 || 3 || [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''33''' || Doaba United || [[Jalandhar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] || 1 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 3 || 11 || -8 || 3 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''34''' || [[Jeppiaar Institute FC|JIT]] || [[Pondicherry]] || 1 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 2 || 11 || -9 || 3 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''35''' || [[Jaipur Elite FC|Jaipur Elite]] || [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]] || 2 || 8 || 0 || 3 || 5 || 5 || 15 || -10 || 3 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]], [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''36''' || [[RKM Football Academy|RKM]] || [[Narayanpur, Chhattisgarh|Narayanpur]], [[Chhattisgarh]] || 2 || 8 || 1 || 0 || 7 || 6 || 25 || -19 || 3 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]], [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''37''' || [[Maharashtra Oranje FC|Maharashtra Oranje]] || [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] || 1 || 4 || 0 || 2 || 2 || 8 || 10 || -2 || 2 || [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''38''' || [[Ghaziabad City FC|Ghaziabad City]] || [[Ghaziabad]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] || 1 || 4 || 0 || 1 || 3 || 3 || 9 || -6 || 1 || [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''39''' || Bhuna FC || [[Bhuna, Fatehabad|Bhuna]], [[Haryana]] || 1 || 4 || 0 || 1 || 3 || 3 || 20 || -17 || 1 || [[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#ffffff;"<br />
| '''40''' || [[Millat FC|Millat]] || [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] || 1 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 4 || 1 || 14 || -13 || 0 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''41''' || New Friends || [[Bade Bacheli]], [[Chhattisgarh]] || 1 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 4 || 2 || 26 || -24 || 0 || [[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''42''' || Agniputhra || [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]] || || || || || || || || || || [[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''43''' || Banaras Baghpat || [[Baghpat]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] || || || || || || || || || || [[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''44''' || BLG – The Diamond Rock || [[Balaghat]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] || || || || || || || || || || [[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''45''' || [[Clube de Salgaocar|CD Salgaocar]] || [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco]], [[Goa]] || || || || || || || || || || [[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''46''' || [[Chhaygaon FC|Chhaygaon]] || [[Chaygaon]], [[Assam]] || || || || || || || || || || [[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''47''' || Citadel Godavari Legends || [[Rajahmundry]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] || || || || || || || || || || [[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''48''' || [[Zinc Football|Zinc FA]] || [[Udaipur]], [[Rajasthan]] || || || || || || || || || || [[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''49''' || Mawlai || [[Shillong]], [[Meghalaya]] || || || || || || || || || || [[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''50''' || [[Mumbay FC|Mumbay]] || [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] || || || || || || || || || || [[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''51''' || Raengdai || [[Noney]], [[Manipur]] || || || || || || || || || || [[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''52''' || Royal Rangers || [[Delhi]] || || || || || || || || || || [[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''53''' || [[Samaleswari SC|Samaleswari]] || [[Sambalpur]], [[Odisha]] || || || || || || || || || || [[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''54''' || Sikkim Brotherhood || [[Gangtok]], [[Sikkim]] || || || || || || || || || || [[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''55''' || Sunrise Club || [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]] || || || || || || || || || || [[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''56''' || [[Techtro Swades United FC|Techtro Swades]] || [[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] || || || || || || || || || || [[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
<br />
|- style="width:10px; background:#d0f0c0;"<br />
| '''57''' || [[TRAU FC|TRAU]] || [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]] || || || || || || || || || || [[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Relegated to I-League 3 ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|+Relegated clubs from [[I-League 2]] to I-League 3<br />
!Season<br />
!Clubs<br />
|-<br />
||[[2023–24 I-League 2|2023–24]]<br />
|[[Kenkre FC|Kenkre]], [[Maharashtra Oranje FC|Maharashtra Oranje]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2024–25 I-League 2|2024–25]]<br />
|[[TRAU FC|TRAU]], [[KLASA FC|KLASA]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Clubs promoted from I-League 3 ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|+Promoted clubs from I-League 3 to [[I-League 2]]<br />
!Season<br />
!Clubs<br />
|-<br />
||[[2023–24 I-League 2|2023–24]]<br />
|[[SC de Goa|Sporting Goa]], [[Dempo SC|Dempo]], [[SC Bengaluru|Sporting Bengaluru]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2024–25 I-League 2|2024–25]]<br />
|[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]], [[Chanmari FC|Chanmari]], [[Sports Academy Tirur|SAT]], [[KLASA FC|KLASA]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2025–26 I-League 2|2025–26]]<br />
|[[Karbi Anglong Morning Star FC|Karbi Anglong Morning Star]], [[MYJ–GMSC]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Results ==<br />
:Source:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/competitions/i-league-3|title=I-League 3 2023 — Final Standings (Play-off's)|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|access-date=30 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231052802/https://www.the-aiff.com/competitions/i-league-3|archive-date=31 December 2023}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em;font-size:90%;float:center"<br />
|-<br />
!width="75" |Season<br />
!width="125" style="background:gold"| Champions <br />
!width="125" style="background:silver"|Runners-up <br />
!No. of clubs<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" |[[2023–24 I-League 3|2023–24]]<br />
|[[SC de Goa|Sporting Goa]]<br />
|[[Dempo SC|Dempo]]<br />
|25<br />
|-<br />
|[[2024–25 I-League 3|2024–25]]<br />
|[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]<br />
|[[Chanmari FC|Chanmari]]<br />
|25<br />
|-<br />
|align="center"|[[2025–26 I-League 3|2025–26]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|20<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Media coverage ==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|-<br />
!Period<br />
!TV telecast<br />
!Online streaming<br />
|-<br />
|2023–present<br />
|<br />
|[[YouTube]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Where and How to watch 2023-24 I-League 3 Final Round?|url=https://khelnow.com/football/2023-12-indian-football-i-league-3-final-round-telecast-details|access-date=19 December 2023|website=khelnow.com}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
{{Portal bar|India|Association football}}<br />
* [[Football in India]]<br />
* [[History of Indian football]]<br />
* [[List of football clubs in India]]<br />
* [[National Football League Second Division (India)|NFL Second Division]]<br />
* [[National Football League Third Division (India)|NFL Third Division]]<br />
* [[Santosh Trophy]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{I-League 3}}<br />
{{Indian football league seasons}}<br />
{{Football in India}}<br />
{{AFC fourth leagues}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:I-League 3]]<br />
[[Category:Professional sports leagues in India]]<br />
[[Category:Football leagues in India]]<br />
[[Category:I-League|3]]<br />
[[Category:All India Football Federation competitions]]<br />
[[Category:Sports leagues established in 2023]]<br />
[[Category:Fourth-level association football leagues in Asia]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hum_Log_(TV_series)&diff=503266Hum Log (TV series)2026-04-24T13:56:54Z<p>Priyupranav: creating new entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image =<br />
| genre = [[Soap opera]]<br />
| creator = <br />
| writer = [[Manohar Shyam Joshi]]<br />
| director = [[P. Kumar Vasudev]]<br />
| starring = [[Vinod Nagpal]]<br />[[Jayshri Arora]]<br />[[Rajesh Puri]]<br />Abhinav Chaturvedi<br />[[Seema Bhargava]]<br />[[Divya Seth]]<br />[[Sushma Seth]]<br />Lahiri Singh<br />Loveleen Mishra<br />
| narrator = [[Ashok Kumar]]<br />
| opentheme = "Hum Log" by [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| num_seasons = 1<br />
| num_episodes = 156<br />
| producer = <br />
| editor = <br />
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br />
| runtime = 25 minutes<br />
| channel = [[DD National]]<br />
| first_aired = {{start date|1984|7|7|df=y}}<br />
| last_aired = {{end date|1985|12|17|df=y}} <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Hum Log''''' (English: ''We People'') is an Indian television soap opera and also the first serial drama series in [[Hindi]]. It began telecast on 7 July 1984 on [[Doordarshan]], the only television channel in India at the time.<ref name=bbc/> It is the story of an Indian middle-class family of the 1980s and their daily struggles and aspirations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/an-episode-in-history/485943/ |title=An episode in history |date=7 July 2009 |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |accessdate=8 July 2009 |archive-date=15 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715005740/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/an-episode-in-history/485943 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/hum-log-revisiting-that-80-s-show/story-u4gx5IBZV3kuez0bI3q07K.html|title=Hum Log: Revisiting that 80's show|date=21 July 2014|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=19 August 2019|archive-date=19 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819234535/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/hum-log-revisiting-that-80-s-show/story-u4gx5IBZV3kuez0bI3q07K.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Hum Log is also the first Indian show to be sponsored. <ref name="g302">{{cite web | title=Cast of Hum Log had a reunion to celebrate its 30th anniversary | website=The Times of India | date=10 August 2014 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/cast-of-hum-log-had-a-reunion-to-celebrate-its-30th-anniversary/articleshow/39951844.cms | access-date=11 March 2026}}</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
It was created on the lines of a Mexican television series, ''[[Ven conmigo (telenovela)|Ven Conmigo]]'' (1975), using the education-entertainment methodology. The idea of the TV series came to then [[Minister of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Information and Broadcasting Minister]], [[Vasant Sathe]], after a Mexican trip in 1982. Soon the idea for ''Hum Log'' was developed in collaboration with writer [[Manohar Shyam Joshi]], who scripted the series, and filmmaker, P. Kumar Vasudev, who went on direct the series.<ref name=exp>{{cite web |title=Sister Act |work=[[Indian Express]] |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sister-act/505763/ |author=Alaka Sahani |date=23 August 2009 |accessdate=26 January 2016 |archive-date=5 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205120632/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sister-act/505763/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The title score was composed by music director [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]].<br />
<br />
At the end of every episode, [[Ashok Kumar]] discussed the ongoing story and situations with the audience using Hindi couplets and limericks. In later episodes, introduced the actors who played various characters in the serial and end his monologue with the various Indian language versions of the words "Hum Log".<br />
<br />
The series was broadcast in the UK on the cable channel [[Indra Dhnush]] in 1992.<ref name="SatJUL1992">''Satellite Times'', July 1992</ref><br />
<br />
==Cast and characters==<br />
* [[Ashok Kumar]] as Narrator<br />
* [[Vinod Nagpal]] as Basesar Ram: alcoholic father<br />
* [[Jayshree Arora]] as Bhagwanti: the mother, a housewife<br />
* [[Rajesh Puri]] as Lalit Prasad a.k.a. Lalloo: the eldest son, unemployed and looking for a job<br />
* Abhinav Chaturvedi as Chander Prakash a.k.a. Nanhe: the younger son, aspiring to be a cricketer<br />
* [[Seema Bhargava|Seema Pahwa]] as Gunvanti a.k.a. Badki, a social worker<br />
* [[Divya Seth]] as Rupvanti a. k. a. Majhli, aspiring to be an actress<br />
* Loveleen Mishra as Preeti a.k.a. Chhutki, aspiring to be a doctor<br />
* Lahiri Singh as Dadaji: retired military man and the grandfather<br />
* [[Sushma Seth]] as Imarti Devi a.k.a. Dadi: the grandmother<br />
* Renuka Israni as Usha Rani, Lalloo's wife<br />
* Kamia Malhotra as Kamia Lal <br />
* [[Aasif Sheikh]] as Prince Ajay Singh<br />
* [[Manoj Pahwa]] as Tony: Guy who elopes with Majhli<ref>{{cite interview |last=Pahwa |first=Manoj |interviewer=Mimansa Shekhar |title=Manoj Pahwa revisits Hum Log |work=First of Many |date=12 August 2021 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |location=New Delhi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/manoj-pahwa-hum-log-acting-debut-tv-show-doordarshan-first-of-many-7447181/ |access-date=2 April 2024 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509115808/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/manoj-pahwa-hum-log-acting-debut-tv-show-doordarshan-first-of-many-7447181/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
* Suchitra (Srivastava) Chitale as Lajwanti ak.a. Lajo<br />
* [[Kavita Nagpal]] as Santo Tai<br />
* Ashwini Kumar (actor)|Ashwini Kumar as Dr. Ashwini Kumar<br />
* Rajendra Ghuge as Inspector Sadanand Samdar<br />
* Aparna Katara as Dr. Aparna<br />
* [[S. M. Zaheer]] as Prof. Sudhir<br />
* Vishwa Mohan Badola as Music teacher<br />
<br />
==Development and production==<br />
In 1984, Mexican television writer Miguel Sabido, who had written the Mexican telenovela on [[educational entertainment]], ''[[Ven conmigo (telenovela)|Ven conmigo]]'' (Come with Me, 1975) on adult literacy, was invited to India. Working with local writer, he helped created the series which tackled social issues like family planning, caste harmony, empowerment of women, national integration, dowry, alcoholism and drug abuse.<ref name=bbc>{{cite web |title=How soap operas changed the world |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17820571 |author=Stephanie Hegarty |date=27 April 2012 |accessdate=26 January 2016 |archive-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131094916/http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17820571 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Adult Literacy, Birth Control Addressed in Dramas : Third World Soaps Tackle Social Problems |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-09-20-mn-8914-story.html |access-date=26 January 2016 |newspaper=[[LA Times]] |date=20 September 1987 |author=Jeff Crider |archive-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131143534/http://articles.latimes.com/1987-09-20/news/mn-8914_1_soap-operas |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Ven conimgo'' was in turned based on the Peruvian telenovela, ''[[Simplemente María (1969 telenovela)|Simplemente María]]'' (Simply Maria, 1969-1971).<ref name=bbc/><br />
<br />
The cast would meet for rehearsals at 3 pm at Himachal Bhavan, near [[Mandi House]] in Delhi, and thereafter a van would take them to a studio in suburb [[Gurgaon]] where it was shot.<ref name=exp/><br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
During its 17-month run, Ashok Kumar received over 400,000 letters from young viewers, asking him to convince their parents in marriage of their choice. The viewership of each episode was more than 50 millions. <ref name=bbc/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of programs broadcast by DD National]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|id=0363341|title=Hum Log}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]<br />
[[Category:DD National original programming]]<br />
[[Category:1984 Indian television series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:1985 Indian television series endings]]<br />
[[Category:1980s Indian television series]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phunchok_Stobdan&diff=525447Phunchok Stobdan2026-04-23T14:10:33Z<p>Priyupranav: Starting A Data W/ Infobox</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian diplomat (1958–2026)}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| image =File:Phunchok Stobdan.jpg<br />
| office = Indian Ambassador to [[Kyrgyzstan]]<br />
| term_start = 2010<br />
| term_end = 2012<br />
| predecessor = J.S. Pande<br />
| successor = <br />
| predecessor1 = <br />
| successor1 = <br />
| office2 = <br />
| prime_minister2 = <br />
| term_start2 = <br />
| term_end2 = <br />
| predecessor2 = <br />
| successor2 = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1958|12|20|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = <br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|2026|4|19|1958|12|20|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = <br />
| occupation = Diplomat, civil servant<br />
| children = <br />
| party = <br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| profession = <br />
| sibling = <br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Phunchok Stobdan''' (20 December 1958 – 19 April 2026) was an Indian civil servant and diplomat who served as the Indian ambassador to [[Kyrgyzstan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Phunchok Stobdan|url=https://www.delhipolicygroup.org/faculty/ambassador-phunchok-stobdan.html|access-date=2022-02-05|website=www.delhipolicygroup.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/1200/Prof+Phunchok+Stobdan+to+be+the+next+Ambassador+of+India+to+Kyrgyzstan|title=Prof. Phunchok Stobdan to be the next Ambassador of India to Kyrgyzstan}}</ref> He was also a senior fellow at [[Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses]], New Delhi, and was the founding president of the Ladakh International Centre.<ref name="IDSA" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://theprint.in/diplomacy/former-diplomat-stobdans-comments-on-dalai-lama-spark-row-leh-markets-shut-on-monday/433018/ |title=Former diplomat Stobdan's comments on Dalai Lama spark row, Leh markets shut on Monday |newspaper=The Print}}</ref><br />
<br />
Stobdan was an academician, diplomat and author, who earlier served in the [[National Security Council (India)|National Security Council Secretariat]] (NSCS), which reports to National Security Advisor.<ref name="IDSA" /> Stobdan was the author of the book ''The Great Game in the Buddhist Himalayas: India and China’s Quest for Strategic Dominance''.<ref>{{cite news |author=Shyam Saran |title=Rocky Mountain High (book review) |newspaper=Indian Express |date=16 February 2020 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/book-on-himalayas-phunchok-stobdan-buddhist-legacy-india-and-chinas-quest-for-strategic-dominance-6270115/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Bérénice Guyot-Réchard |title=Buddhist power politics |newspaper=India Today |date=6 March 2020 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/up-front/story/20200316-buddhist-power-politics-1652704-2020-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Ajay Banerjee |title=Why Tibet can cause the great Himalayan divide |newspaper=The Tribune (Chandigarh) |date=1 December 2019 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/reviews/story/why-tibet-can-cause-the-great-himalayan-divide-6294 }}</ref> The book looks at [[China–India relations]] through prism of Buddhist [[Himalayas]].<ref>{{cite news |author=PTI |title=Book looks at Sino-India ties through prism of Buddhist Himalayas |newspaper=Outlook |date=12 October 2019 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/book-looks-at-sinoindia-ties-through-prism-of-buddhist-himalayas/1638921 }}</ref> Stobdan also wrote columns for ''[[The Indian Express]]'' and [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]].<ref name=IDSA>[https://idsa.in/profile/pstobdan Phunchok Stobdan (profile)], Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, retrieved 4 June 2020.</ref><ref name="IE column">{{cite news |author=P. Stobdan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/the-ladakh-warning-india-china-border-dispute-6427131/ |title=As China intrudes across LAC, India must be alert to a larger strategic shift |newspaper=Indian Express |date=26 May 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Stobdan died on 19 April 2026, at the age of 67.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ex-diplomat and author Phunchok Stobdan dies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ex-diplomat-and-author-phunchok-stobdan-dies-10647186/ |access-date=20 April 2026 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=21 April 2026}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://penguin.co.in/book_author/phunchok-stobdan/ Author profile] at [[Penguin India]]<br />
* {{cite news |author=Phunchok Stobdan |title=Dalai Lama is at the centre of a new great game in Himalayas between India, China & Tibet |url=https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/dalai-lama-at-centre-of-new-great-game-himalaya-india-china-tibet/308985/ |newspaper=The Print |date=22 October 2019}} – An excerpt from ''The Great Game in the Buddhist Himalayas''<br />
* {{cite news |author=P. Stobdan |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/comment/ladakh-concern-overrides-lac-dispute-90880 |title=Ladakh concern overrides LAC dispute |newspaper=The Tribune (Chandigarh) |date=28 May 2020}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stobdan, Phunchok}}<br />
[[Category:1958 births]]<br />
[[Category:2026 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Kyrgyzstan]]<br />
[[Category:Ladakhi people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Ladakh]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(Kerala)&diff=496294Department of Science and Technology (Kerala)2026-04-20T16:56:46Z<p>Priyupranav: New - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Government department of Kerala, India}}<br />
{{Infobox government agency<br />
| agency_name = Department of Science and Technology<br />
| type = Department<br />
| logo = Government of Kerala Logo.svg<br />
| logo_width = 150px<br />
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Kerala]]<br />
| headquarters = [[Government Secretariat, Thiruvananthapuram]]<br />
| minister1_name = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]<br />
| minister1_pfo = Minister for Science and Technology<br />
| chief1_name = K.P Sudheer <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-20 |title=Home |url=https://kscste.kerala.gov.in/ |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=KERALA STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT |language=en-GB}}</ref><br />
| chief1_position = Ex officio Principal Secretary to Government<br />
| parent_department = Government of Kerala<br />
| child1_agency = [[Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment]]<br />
| child_agency = <br />
}}<br />
The '''Department of Science and Technology''' is an administrative department of the [[Government of Kerala]]. It is responsible for policy formulation and implementation related to the promotion of science, technology, and innovation in the State of [[Kerala]]. The department is the nodal authority for science and technology matters, including biotechnology policy and support to research and development institutions.<ref name="RulesOfBusiness-PartII">Government of Kerala. ''Rules of Business of the Government of Kerala, Part II – First Schedule (See Rule 4)''. General Administration Department. Available at: https://gad.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/general_attachment/Rules%20of%20Business%20-%20Part%20II.pdf</ref><br />
<br />
==Governance and administration==<br />
The department is under the leadership of a Cabinet minister for science and technology, and the incumbent minister is [[Pinarayi Vijayan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan inagurates Professional Connect 2025|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/kerala-chief-minister-pinarayi-vijayan-inagurates-professional-connect-202520250517122614/|website=ANI News|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en}}</ref> The department is administratively headed by a Principal Secretary to the Government, an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer. The Secretary is assisted by additional, joint, deputy, and under secretaries at the Secretariat.<ref name="RulesOfBusiness-PartII">Government of Kerala. ''Rules of Business of the Government of Kerala, Part II – First Schedule (See Rule 4)''. General Administration Department. Available at: https://gad.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/general_attachment/Rules%20of%20Business%20-%20Part%20II.pdf</ref><br />
==Functions==<br />
The department is responsible for coordinating government initiatives in the science and technology sector and for promoting scientific research, innovation, and technology-based development in the State. It oversees policy matters related to biotechnology and provides assistance to science and technology research centres.<ref name="RulesOfBusiness-PartII">Government of Kerala. ''Rules of Business of the Government of Kerala, Part II – First Schedule (See Rule 4)''. General Administration Department. Available at: https://gad.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/general_attachment/Rules%20of%20Business%20-%20Part%20II.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=KSCSTE to host R&D summit|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kscste-to-host-rd-summit/article69870387.ece|work=The Hindu|date=2025-07-29|access-date=2025-12-01|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN|first=|last=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=37th Kerala Science Congress to begin in Thrissur on Saturday|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/37th-kerala-science-congress-to-begin-in-thrissur-on-saturday/article69192594.ece|work=The Hindu|date=2025-02-07|access-date=2025-12-01|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN|first=|last=}}</ref><br />
==Child agencies, institutions==<br />
The department is also responsible for the administration of its child agencies and research institutions under the [[Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment]] (KSCSTE), including:<ref>{{Cite news|title=Eight scientific institutions in capital sign MoU for collaborative research|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/eight-scientific-institutions-in-capital-sign-mou-for-collaborative-research/article70034269.ece|work=The Hindu|date=2025-09-10|access-date=2025-12-01|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN|first=|last=}}</ref><br />
<br />
* [[National Centre for Earth Science Studies|Centre for Earth Science Studies]] (CESS)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eight institutions form 'Thiruvananthapuram cluster' to drive interdisciplinary innovation|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2025/Sep/11/eight-institutions-form-thiruvananthapuram-cluster-to-drive-interdisciplinary-innovation-2|website=The New Indian Express|date=2025-09-11|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en|first=Express News|last=Service}}</ref><br />
* Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM)<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kerala government signs pact with International Rice Research Institute to promote low-emission rice cultivation|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-government-signs-pact-with-international-rice-research-institute-to-promote-low-emission-rice-cultivation/article69768331.ece|work=The Hindu|date=2025-07-03|access-date=2025-12-01|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN|first=|last=}}</ref><br />
* [[Kerala Forest Research Institute]] (KFRI)<br />
* National Transportation Planning and Research Centre (NATPAC)<br />
* [[Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology]] (RGCB)<br />
* [[Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute]] (TBGRI)<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Government of Kerala]]<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
[[Category: Government departments of Kerala]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arvind_Kumar_Singh_(Dadraul_politician)&diff=487736Arvind Kumar Singh (Dadraul politician)2026-04-18T22:34:08Z<p>Priyupranav: created new bio</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian politician (1983)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| image =<br />
| name = Arvind Kumar Singh<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = <br />
| birth_place = Shahjahanpur<br />
| constituency = [[Dadraul Assembly constituency|Dadraul]]<br />
| office = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start = 2024<br />
| term_end = <br />
| predecessor = [[Manvendra Singh (Dadraul politician)|Manvendra Singh]]<br />
| successor = <br />
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]]<br />
| other_party = <br />
| spouse = Mrs Baby Singh<br />
| children = 2<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| date = <br />
| year = <br />
| source = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Arvind Kumar Singh''' (born 1983)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Arvind Kumar Singh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- DADRAUL(SHAHJAHANPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/uttarpradesh2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=4914 |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He is the member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from Dadraul Assembly constituency in [[Shahjahanpur district]]. He won the [[2024 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=UP Election Result: ददरौल उपचुनाव में फिर खिला 'कमल', अरविंद सिंह जीते, दिवंगत पिता को याद कर हुए भावुक |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/bareilly/up-election-result-bjp-arvind-singh-won-the-dadrauli-assembly-by-election-2024-06-04 |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=Amar Ujala }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Dadraul Election Result 2024 Bypoll LIVE Updates Highlights: Arvind Kumar Singh of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/dadraul-election-result-2024-bypoll-live-updates-highlights-leading-trailing-8919501.html |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=news18 |language=en}}</ref> He is the son of late [[Manvendra Singh (Dadraul politician)|Manvendra Singh]] who died of a liver disease after prolonged illness at the [[Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences]] in [[New Delhi]] on 5 January 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-06 |title=BJP's Dadraul MLA Manvendra Singh passes away after prolonged liver problem at New Delhi hospital |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bjps-dadraul-mla-manvendra-singh-passes-away-after-prolonged-liver-problem-at-new-delhi-hospital/article67709651.ece |access-date=2024-12-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Singh was from Dadraul, Shahjahanpur district, Uttar Pradesh. He was the son of late Manvendra Singh. He completed his M.Com. in 2009 & LLB in 2007 at S. S. College, Shahjahanpur which is affiliated with [[Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University|M.J.P.R.U.]] [[Bareilly]]<br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Singh won from [[Dadraul Assembly constituency]] representing Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2024 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections. He polled 105,972 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Avadhesh Kumar Verma of the [[Samajwadi Party]], by a margin of 16,795 votes.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Arvind}}<br />
[[Category:1983 births]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]<br />
[[Category:People from Shahjahanpur district]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sakal_Jain_Samaj&diff=532012Sakal Jain Samaj2026-04-16T04:21:21Z<p>Priyupranav: Stub</p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox organization<br />
| name = Sakal Jain Samaj<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| named_after = <br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| formation = {{start date|2015|09|15|df=y}}<br />
| founder = [[Vijay Darda]]<br />
| founding_location = <br />
| status = <br />
| purpose = <br />
| headquarters = [[Pune]], India<br />
| location = <br />
| coordinates = <br />
| region_served = Maharashtra, India<br />
| services = <br />
| board_of_directors = <br />
| key_people = <br />
| mission = <br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
<!-- Note: The following pages were redirects to [[Sakal_Jain_Samaj]] before draftification:<br />
*[[Draft:Sakal Jain Samaj]]<br />
--><br />
'''Sakal Jain Samaj''' is a national not for profit organization in India.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-18 |title=ज्ञापन कार्यक्रम: सकल जैन समाज ने पीएम व सीएम के नाम एडीएम काे ज्ञापन साैंपा |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/alwar/news/sakal-jain-samaj-submitted-memorandum-to-adm-in-the-name-of-pm-and-cm-129948845.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619114109/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/alwar/news/sakal-jain-samaj-submitted-memorandum-to-adm-in-the-name-of-pm-and-cm-129948845.html |archive-date=19 June 2022 |access-date=2024-12-18 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi |url-status=live }}</ref> The organization aims to preach the teachings of Jainism and organizes events and celebrations.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-17 |title=Grand procession to mark Jain Acharyas' incarnation day today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/large-jain-community-celebrates-acharyas-incarnation-day-in-nagpur/articleshow/114293778.cms |access-date=2024-12-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[Vijay J. Darda|Vijay Darda]] National President Sakal Jain Samaj.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Happy Birthday Sadhguru: An eye-opening conversation between Sadhguru and Vijay Darda - www.lokmattimes.com |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/national/happy-birthday-sadhguru-an-eye-opening-conversation-between-sadhguru-and-vijay-darda/ |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=Lokmat Times |language=en}}</ref> The organization also work towards social justice.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bundi news: सकल जैन समाज ने जैन साधु की हत्या के मामले में 5 सूत्री ज्ञापन प्रधानमंत्री व राष्ट्रपति के नाम दिया |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/bundi/sakal-jain-samaj-gave-5-point-memorandum-to-prime-minister-and-president-in-case-of-murder-jain-monk/1789012 |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=Zee News Hindi |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Sakal Jain Samaj was founded in 2015 by an Indian politician and member of [[Indian National Congress]], [[Vijay J. Darda]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jain community unanimously protests against court verdict on Santhara |url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/jain-community-unanimously-protests-against-court-verdict-on-santhara/08242016 |website=Nagpur Today : Nagpur News |language=en |date=24 August 2015}}</ref><br />
The organization promotes Jainism by organizing teachings, events, and celebrations.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sakal Jain Samaj calls off procession |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/aurangabad/sakal-jain-samaj-calls-off-procession/articleshow/74632088.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 March 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Mahavira|Mahavir]] Janmotsav Samiti, under the Sakal Jain Samaj, in worked with the Jain Alert Group, had organized a two day exhibition at the Hirakaka Kasliwal Prangan of the Khandelwal Digambar Jain Panchayat in Rajabazar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jain exhibition of Sakal Jain Samaj - www.lokmattimes.com |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/aurangabad/jain-exhibition-of-sakal-jain-samaj/ |work=[[Lokmat Times]] |date=24 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jain community protests Agra incident |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/jain-community-protests-agra-incident/articleshow/19814980.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=1 May 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 9 April 2022, Jain Alert Group had organized a two day Jain Expo at Mahavir Bhavan, Kumbharwada, to showcase and promote products made by women entrepreneurs of the Sakal Jain Samaj.<ref>{{cite news |title=Woman entrepreneurs overwhelmed by praises |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/aurangabad/women-entrepreneurs-overwhelmed-by-praises/ |work=[[Lokmat Times]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]<br />
[[Category:Organisations based in Pune]]<br />
[[Category:2015 establishments in India]]<br />
<br />
{{Jainism-stub}}</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tenali_Assembly_constituency&diff=540038Tenali Assembly constituency2026-04-14T03:36:18Z<p>Priyupranav: Stub</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Tenali<br />
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (91- highlighted).png<br />
| map_caption = Location of Tenali Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh<br />
| mla = [[Nadendla Manohar]]<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Janasena Party}}<br />
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| district = [[Guntur district|Guntur]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Guntur Lok Sabha constituency|Guntur]]<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| incumbent_image = Nadendla Manohar Speaker Andhra Pradesh.jpg<br />
| constituency_no = 91<br />
| established = 1951<br />
| electors = 262,998<br />
| type = SLA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Tenali Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[Guntur district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Guntur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="constituencies2">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|date=17 December 2018|website=The Election Commission of India|pages=22, 31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> <br />
<br />
[[Nadendla Manohar]] is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Janasena Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Assembly Election 2019 |url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> As of 2019, there a total of 262,998 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors">{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="te ref1">{{cite news |title=Tenali Assembly Election Results 2019 Live: Tenali Constituency (Seat) Election Results, Live News. |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2019/andhra-pradesh/tenali-election-result-s01a091/ |access-date=18 February 2022 |publisher=News18 |date=23 May 2019}}</ref> The constituency was established in 1951, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1951)''.<br />
<br />
== Mandals ==<br />
There are two [[mandal]]s in this constituency.<ref name="constituencies">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|website=The Election Commission of India|publisher=National Informatics Centre|location=New Delhi|pages=22, 31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2018|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
<mapframe text="Mandals in Tenali Assembly Constituency" width=300 height=300 align=center >{ "type": "ExternalData", "service": "geoshape", "ids": "Q18388560,Q18353111"}</mapframe><br />
<br />
{{srn}}<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"<br />
!Mandal<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tenali mandal|Tenali]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kollipara mandal|Kollipara]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Member <br />
! colspan="2" | Political party<br />
|-<br />
| [[1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br />
|rowspan="3" |[[Alapati Venkataramaiah]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election|1955]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
|rowspan="3" |Doddapaneni Indira<br />
|-<br />
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]<br />
|rowspan="2" |Annabathuni Sathyanarayana <br />
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br />
| [[Nadendla Bhaskara Rao]] <br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]<br />
| Ravi Ravindranath<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<br />
| Gogineni Uma<br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Nadendla Manohar]] <br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br />
| [[Alapati Rajendra Prasad]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<br />
|[[Annabathuni Siva Kumar]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
|[[Nadendla Manohar]] <br />
|{{Full party name with color|Janasena Party}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
=== 1952 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election]]: Tenali<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Alapati Venkataramaiah]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,484 |percentage=43.10% |change=43.10% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ravi Satyanarayana|party=Krishikar Lok Party|votes=11,407|percentage=25.23%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nannapaneru Venkata Rao|party=Socialist Party (India)|votes=10,344|percentage=22.88%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Putta Ragheviah|party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party|votes=2,855|percentage=6.32%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kotemraju Krishna Rao|party=|votes=1,114|percentage=2.46%|change=}} <br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,077 |percentage=17.87% |change= }} <br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=45,204|percentage=72.38%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 62,455 |change = }} <br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 1955 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election]]: Tenali<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1955 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4042-andhra-pradesh-1955/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | publisher=Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Alapati Venkataramaiah]]|party= Indian National Congress |votes=24,698 |percentage=60.09% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Ravi Ammaiah]]|party=Communist Party of India|votes=16,403|percentage=39.91%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,295 |percentage=20.18% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=41,101|percentage=75.35%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 54,550 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner= Indian National Congress ||loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 1962 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Tenali<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1962 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4044-andhra-pradesh-1962/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | publisher=Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Alapati Venkataramaiah]]|party= Indian National Congress |votes=26,122 |percentage=49.77% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Ravi Ammaiah]]|party=Communist Party of India|votes=19,924|percentage=37.96%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,198 |percentage=11.81% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=53,389|percentage=80.79%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,081 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner= Indian National Congress ||loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1967===<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Tenali<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1967 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4045-andhra-pradesh-1967/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | publisher=Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Indira Doddapaneni]]|party= Indian National Congress |votes=44,909 |percentage=71.67% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[S.Chintamaneni]]|party=Independent (politician)|votes=12,574|percentage=20.07%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=32,335 |percentage=51.60% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=64,342|percentage=75.27%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,487 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner= Indian National Congress ||loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 1972 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Tenali<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1972 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4046-andhra-pradesh-1972/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | publisher=Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Indira Doddapaneni]]|party= Independent (politician)|votes=38,889 |percentage=53.47% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Venkata Rao Nannapaneni]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=33,136|percentage=45.56%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,753 |percentage=7.91% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=73,803|percentage=77.47%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 95,272 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Independent (politician)|loser= Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1978===<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Tenali<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1978 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4047-andhra-pradesh-1978/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | publisher=Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Indira Doddapaneni]]|party= Janata Party |votes=39,368 |percentage=51.05% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Venkata Rao Nannapaneni]]|party=Indian National Congress (I)|votes=37,358|percentage=48.45%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,010 |percentage=2.61% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=78,208|percentage=81.37%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,111 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|winner= Janata Party ||loser= Independent (politician) |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 1983 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Tenali<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1983 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4048-andhra-pradesh-1983/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | publisher=Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Annabathuni Satyanarayana]]|party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=53,729 |percentage=68.13% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Indira Doddapaneni]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=24,505|percentage=31.07%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=29,224 |percentage=37.06% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=79,837|percentage=70.72%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 112,893 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Telugu Desam Party |loser= Janata Party |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1985===<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Tenali<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1985 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4049-andhra-pradesh-1985/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | publisher=Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Annabathuni Satyanarayana]] |party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=43,332 |percentage=52.55% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Indira Doddapaneni]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=38,743|percentage=46.99%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,589|percentage=5.57% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=83,261|percentage=68.90%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 120,838 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Telugu Desam Party |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 1989 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Tenali<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1989 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4050-andhra-pradesh-1989/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | publisher=Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Nadendla Bhaskara Rao]]|party= Indian National Congress |votes=57,828 |percentage=59.10% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Annabathuni Satyanarayana ]]|party=Telugu Desam Party|votes=39,255|percentage=40.12%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,573 |percentage=18.98% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=99,916|percentage=71.70%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 139,346|change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Indian National Congress|loser= Telugu Desam Party |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1994===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Tenali<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1994 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4051-andhra-pradesh-1994/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | publisher=Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Raavi Ravindranath]]|party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=43,483 |percentage=46.26% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Nadendla Bhaskara Rao ]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=29,952|percentage=31.87%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,531 |percentage=14.40% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=95,040|percentage=66.16%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 143,644 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Telugu Desam Party |loser= Indian National Congress|swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1999===<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Tenali<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1999 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4052-andhra-pradesh-1999/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | publisher=Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Gogineni Uma]]|party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=51,399|percentage=52.28% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Konijeti Rosaiah]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=46,005|percentage=46.79%|change=}} <br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,394 |percentage=5.49% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=100,030|percentage=64.81%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 154,343|change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner= Telugu Desam Party|loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2004 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]:<ref>{{Cite web | title= 2004 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4053-andhra-pradesh-2004/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | publisher=Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref> Tenali}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Nadendla Manohar]]|party= Indian National Congress |votes=53,409|percentage=55.75% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Gogineni Uma]]|party=Telugu Desam Party|votes=40,803|percentage=42.59%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,606 |percentage=13.16% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=95,870|percentage=69.06%|change=}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 138,813|change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|winner= Indian National Congress |loser= Telugu Desam Party |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2009 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Tenali<ref name=INC09>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/Statistical_Report_AP2009.pdf<br />
|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=11 May 2015|page=11,240–241,736}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Nadendla Manohar]]|votes=61,582|percentage=36.57|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Alapati Rajendra Prasad|votes=58,698|percentage=34.86|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Praja Rajyam Party|candidate=Kilari Venkata Rosaiah|votes=37,678|percentage=22.56|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=2,884|percentage=1.71|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=168,400|percentage=78.09|change=}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2014 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Tenali<ref name=TDP14>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat-Report-Andhra-Pradesh2014.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General elections, 2014 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh|page=9,238–239,408 |access-date=7 May 2015}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Alapati Rajendra Prasad|votes=93,524|percentage=48.91|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Annabathuni Siva kumar|votes=74,459|percentage=38.94|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Nadendla Manohar|votes=15,511|percentage=8.2|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=19,065|percentage=9.96|change=+8.25}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=191,232|percentage=84.75|change=+6.66}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Telugu Desam Party<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2019 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Tenali<ref name="eci_2014">{{cite web |title=The Andhra Pradesh Gazette, Part-V Extraordinary |url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/GE_2014/(GE,%202014)%20-%20DUE%20Constitution%20(APLA_ELECTED%20List).pdf |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh |access-date=13 June 2019 |location=Hyderabad |page=14 |date=20 May 2014}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Annabathuni Siva Kumar|votes=94,495|percentage=45.92|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Alapati Rajendra Prasad|votes=76,846|percentage=37.35|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Janasena Party|candidate=[[Nadendla Manohar]]|votes=29,905|percentage=14.53|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=17,649|percentage=8.67|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=205,768|percentage=78.15|change=-6.51}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = YSR Congress Party<br />
|loser = Telugu Desam Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2024 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Tenali<ref name="2024 Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results - Tenali">{{cite news |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results - Tenali |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S0191.htm |accessdate=27 June 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627200943/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S0191.htm |archivedate=27 June 2024}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Janasena Party<br />
|candidate = [[Nadendla Manohar]] <br />
|votes = 1,23,961<br />
|percentage = 60.18<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Annabathuni Siva Kumar|votes=75,849|percentage=36.82|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Karumanchi Sunil Sundeep|votes=2,188|percentage=1.06|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=1,412|percentage=0.69|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=48,112|percentage=23.36|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=2,05,996|percentage=76.16|change=}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Janasena Party<br />
|loser = YSR Congress Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
* [[Duggirala (Assembly constituency)]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Coord|16.24|80.64|display=title}}<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Guntur district]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br />
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rinku_Singh_(baseball)&diff=530522Rinku Singh (baseball)2026-04-12T15:25:12Z<p>Priyupranav: Starting First Bio Initial Version - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian professional wrestler and actor (born 1984)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox professional wrestler<br />
|name = Rinku Singh<br />
|image = WWE Live Road To WrestleMania, Toronto, 2022 132 (cropped).jpg<br />
|caption = Rajput in 2022<br />
|birth_name = Rinku Singh Rajput<br />
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1988|8|08}}<br />
|birth_place = [[Gopiganj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]<br />
|ring_names = Rinku<br />Rinku Singh<br /> Veer<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wwe.com/superstars/veer | title=Veer | access-date=5 January 2022 | archive-date=4 June 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604035514/https://www.wwe.com/superstars/veer | url-status=live }}</ref><br />Veer Mahaan<br />
|billed = Uttar Pradesh, India<ref name=wwe/><br />
|weight = 275 lb<ref name=wwe/><br />
|height = 6 ft 4 in<ref name=wwe>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/superstars/veer|title=Veer WWE|website=www.wwe.com|access-date=5 January 2022|archive-date=4 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604035514/https://www.wwe.com/superstars/veer|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|trainer = [[WWE Performance Center]] <br />
|debut = 31 May 2018<br />
}}<br />
'''Rinku Singh Rajput'''<ref>{{cite news |title=Magh Mela: WWE wrestler Rinku Singh Rajput takes holy dip in Sangam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/magh-mela-wwe-wrestler-rinku-singh-rajput-takes-holy-dip-in-sangam/articleshow/81094107.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 February 2021 |access-date=25 November 2021 |archive-date=6 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306183854/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/magh-mela-wwe-wrestler-rinku-singh-rajput-takes-holy-dip-in-sangam/articleshow/81094107.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> (born 8 August 1988) is an Indian former [[Professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] and former [[professional baseball|professional baseball player]]. As a professional wrestler, he is best known for his tenure in [[WWE]], where he performed under the [[ring name]]s '''Rinku''' (shortened from his complete name) and '''Veer Mahaan''' (or simply '''Veer'''). <br />
<br />
Singh was signed by the [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] organisation after winning a pitching contest on a 2008 reality television show [[J. B. Bernstein#Reality contest|''The Million Dollar Arm'']]. He was the first Indian to play [[professional baseball]] and spent several seasons in the minor leagues, reaching the [[Single-A (baseball)|Single-A]] level.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baseballamerica.com/statistics/players/cards/90294|title=BaseballAmerica.com: Stats: Rinku Singh|work=baseballamerica.com|access-date=27 June 2014|archive-date=25 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325062933/http://www.baseballamerica.com/statistics/players/cards/90294|url-status=live}}</ref> He is the subject of the movie ''[[Million Dollar Arm]]''.<br />
<br />
After retiring from baseball, Singh signed a contract with [[WWE]] in January 2018 and spent time on [[NXT (WWE brand)|NXT]] as a [[tag team]] with [[Saurav Gurjar]] called "Indus Sher", and spent time on the main roster, particularly on the [[Raw (WWE brand)|Raw]] [[WWE brand extension|brand]] aligning with [[Jinder Mahal]] at one point (as Indus Sher and as an unnamed tag team with [[Shanky]]), as well as being a singles wrestler. He was released from the company in April 2024.<br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Rinku Singh Rajput was born on 8 August 1988 in [[Gopiganj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]], in a [[Rajput]] Kshatriya family. The son of a truck driver, Singh grew up in poverty in [[Gopiganj]], [[Bhadohi]].<ref name=Shah>{{cite news|last=Shah|first=Wajiha|title=Bhadohi boy Rinku is English-speaking baseball star of American league|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/bhadohi-boy-rinku-is-englishspeaking-baseball-star-of-american-league/573561/|access-date=22 March 2014|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=31 January 2010|archive-date=8 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708200612/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/bhadohi-boy-rinku-is-englishspeaking-baseball-star-of-american-league/573561|url-status=live}}</ref> Singh was one of nine siblings who all lived in the family's one-room house. The home had electricity but relied on well water. Singh threw the javelin and played cricket as a little boy.<ref name=PPG>{{cite news|last=Rotstein|first=Gary|title=The Morning File: The American Dream lives on -- Rinku Singh and Dinesh Patel are new Pirates|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/news/portfolio/2008/12/08/The-Morning-File-The-American-Dream-lives-on-Rinku-Singh-and-Dinesh-Patel-are-new-Pirates/stories/200812080230|access-date=22 March 2014|newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|date=8 December 2008|archive-date=6 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306193217/https://www.post-gazette.com/news/portfolio/2008/12/08/The-Morning-File-The-American-Dream-lives-on-Rinku-Singh-and-Dinesh-Patel-are-new-Pirates/stories/200812080230|url-status=live}}</ref> He was a junior national javelin medalist.<ref name=Ali/> Singh is an alumnus of the [[Guru Gobind Singh Sports College, Lucknow]].<br />
<br />
In early 2008, Singh entered an Indian reality television show ''The Million Dollar Arm''. The contest was created by an American sports agent [[J. B. Bernstein]] and his partners [[Ash Vasudevan]] and Will Chang to find the individual in the country who could throw the fastest and most accurate baseball. Having never heard of baseball before, Singh won the contest out of over 37,000 participants after throwing 87 miles per hour. The grand prize for the contest was $100,000.<ref name="village">{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/rinkus-village-doesnt-know-baseball-but-theyre-all-pitching-for-him/287942/|title=Rinku's village doesn't know baseball but they're all pitching for him|last=Singh|first=Anuraag|date=25 March 2008|work=The Indian Express|access-date=28 August 2013|archive-date=11 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611083105/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/rinkus-village-doesnt-know-baseball-but-theyre-all-pitching-for-him/287942/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/baseball-in-india-rinku-singh-indian-professional-baseball-player-pittsburg-pirates-219393-2013-12-01|title=A 'Home Run' for Baseball in India|work=intoday.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
After winning the contest, Singh and runner-up [[Dinesh Patel]] travelled to Los Angeles where they trained with [[University of Southern California]] pitching coach [[Tom House]], who trained pitchers such as [[Nolan Ryan]] and [[Randy Johnson]].<ref name="cnn">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/12/11/india.baseball.pioneers/index.html|title=Indian pitchers are first for America's national pastime|last=Vercammen|first=Paul|date=11 December 2008|work=CNN|access-date=15 February 2009|archive-date=6 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306185409/http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/12/11/india.baseball.pioneers/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="fan">{{cite web|url=http://mlb.fanhouse.com/2008/11/05/international-pastime-pitcher-is-latest-american-job-to-be-outs/#cont|title=International Pastime: Pitcher Is Latest American Job to Be Outsourced to India|last=Fornelli|first=Tom|date=5 November 2008|publisher=Fanhouse|access-date=15 February 2009|archive-date=19 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219200429/http://mlb.fanhouse.com/2008/11/05/international-pastime-pitcher-is-latest-american-job-to-be-outs#cont|url-status=dead}}</ref> Singh said that most of his family did not agree with his decision to go to the United States.<ref name=Ali/> On their first day in the United States the two attended their first baseball game at USC. They continued to learn the game from House and Bernstein, as well as learning English.<ref name="mlb">{{cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20081124&content_id=3691650&vkey=hotstove2008&fext=.jsp|title=Indian hurlers' inking opens new market|last=Langosch|first=Jenifer|date=25 November 2008|work=MLB.com|access-date=15 February 2009|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002555/https://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20081124&content_id=3691650&vkey=hotstove2008&fext=.jsp|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Professional baseball career ==<br />
{{Infobox baseball biography<br />
|name=Rinku Singh<br />
|debutleague=<br />
|statleague=MILB<br />
| stat1label = Win–loss record<br />
| stat1value = 10–6<br />
| stat2label = ERA<br />
| stat2value = 2.97<br />
| stat3label = Strikeouts<br />
| stat3value = 126<br />
|statyear=<br />
|debutteam=<br />
|debutyear=<br />
|debutdate=<br />
|image=<br />
|throws=Left<br />
|bats=Left<br />
|number=<br />
|team=<br />
|position=[[Pitcher]]<br />
|image_size=100px<br />
|teams=<br />
* [[Gulf Coast League Pirates]] (2009, 2010, 2011, 2016)<br />
* [[State College Spikes]] (2010, 2011)<br />
* [[Canberra Cavalry]] (2010–2011)<br />
* [[West Virginia Power]] (2011, 2012)<br />
* [[Adelaide Bite]] (2011–2012, 2012–2013)<br />
* [[Dominican Summer League Pirates]] (2011)<br />
}}<br />
Singh, along with Patel, tried out in front of scouts from 20 [[Major League Baseball]] teams in November 2008, and Singh's pitches reached {{convert|92|mph}}.<ref name=mlb/> Reports from [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] scouts Joe Ferrone and Sean Campbell led to general manager [[Neal Huntington]] signing both to contracts with the organisation. With the deal, the pair became the first Indians to sign American major league baseball contracts.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=fan/> The total [[signing bonus]] for the two was $8,000.<ref name="Bradenton">{{cite news|title=The Bradenton Pirates: They are the world|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/sports/pirates/the-bradenton-pirates-they-are-the-world-348904/?print=1|last=Kovacevic|first=Dejan|date=10 July 2009}}</ref> After training, the two returned to visit their families in India before entering Pirates training camp in [[Bradenton, Florida]].<ref name=mlb/> Singh and Patel began the 2009 baseball season with the [[Gulf Coast League Pirates|Pirates' Gulf Coast League affiliate]].<ref name="usatoday">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/nl/pirates/2009-03-03-pirates-india_N.htm|title=Pirates pitching imports from India are a work in progress|last=White|first=Paul|date=4 March 2009|work=USA Today|access-date=23 June 2009|archive-date=9 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309065232/http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/nl/pirates/2009-03-03-pirates-india_N.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 4 July 2009, Singh became the first Indian citizen to appear in a professional baseball game in the US. He pitched the seventh inning, while [[Dinesh Patel]] pitched the eighth inning.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090705&content_id=5704414&vkey=news_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710045943/http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090705&content_id=5704414&vkey=news_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 July 2009|title=Patel, Singh make debuts in GCL|last=Staats|first=Wayne|date=6 July 2009}}</ref> On 13 July 2009, Singh won his first professional baseball game in America, striking out the only batter he faced.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rinku Singh makes history|url=http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20090714/ARTICLE/907139920/2050/SPORTS|work=Sarasota Herald-Tribune|date=14 July 2009|access-date=7 April 2012|archive-date=8 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208134520/http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20090714/ARTICLE/907139920/2050/SPORTS|url-status=dead}}</ref> He finished the season with a 1–2 record and a 5.84 ERA in 11 games, allowing just one run on three hits in his final six appearances.<br />
<br />
Singh went 2–0 with a 2.61 ERA over 13 games with the Pirates GCL affiliate in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rinku Singh stats|publisher=Minor League Baseball|url=http://web.minorleaguebaseball.com/milb/stats/stats.jsp?pos=P&sid=milb&t=p_pbp&pid=573653|access-date=17 September 2009|archive-date=12 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712084651/http://web.minorleaguebaseball.com/milb/stats/stats.jsp?pos=P&sid=milb&t=p_pbp&pid=573653|url-status=dead}}</ref> At the end of August, Singh was promoted to the Pirates Class A Short-Season affiliate, the [[State College Spikes]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Langosh|first=Jenifer|title=Minor Matters|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100830&content_id=14111320&notebook_id=14111372&vkey=notebook_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|date=30 August 2010|access-date=9 April 2012|archive-date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105102343/http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100830&content_id=14111320&notebook_id=14111372&vkey=notebook_pit&fext=.jsp&c_id=pit|url-status=live}}</ref> He met with [[US President]] [[Barack Obama]] at a White House Heritage Month event on 24 May 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-28/others/28302571_1_soccer-team-ronaldinho-soccer-player|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103125752/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-28/others/28302571_1_soccer-team-ronaldinho-soccer-player|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 November 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Uttar Pradesh baseballers Rinku and Dinesh meet Obama, Ronaldinho|date=28 May 2010}}</ref> Singh played for the [[Canberra Cavalry]] of the [[Australian Baseball League]] for the competition's inaugural [[2010–11 Australian Baseball League regular season|2010–11 season]], going 1–0 with a 3.94 ERA in 16 innings pitched.<ref>{{cite web|title=Individual Player Statistics|publisher=Canberra Cavalry Official Website|access-date=10 February 2011|url=http://web.theabl.com.au/stats/stats.jsp?t=t_ibp&cid=4066&stn=true&sid=t4066|archive-date=8 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208133230/http://web.theabl.com.au/stats/stats.jsp?t=t_ibp&cid=4066&stn=true&sid=t4066|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
Singh opened the 2011 season in the [[Dominican Summer League]]. Singh pitched well in eight games spread over the DSL, [[Gulf Coast League]], and [[New York–Penn League]], then joined the [[West Virginia Power]] of the [[South Atlantic League]] in July 2011. Singh returned to the Australian Baseball League for the 2011–12 season with the [[Adelaide Bite]]. He made the World All-Star team for the [[2011 Australian Baseball League All-Star Game]]. In 2012, he pitched in a career-high 39 games for the Power, throwing 72 innings, earning a 3–1 win–loss record and striking out 65 batters.<ref name=BR>{{cite web|title=Rinku Singh Minor League Statistics & History|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=singh-001rin|publisher=[[Baseball-Reference.com]]|access-date=22 March 2014|archive-date=22 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322121911/http://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=singh-001rin|url-status=live}}</ref> Singh struggled with injuries and missed the entire 2013 season, but he was invited to 2014 spring training by the Pirates.<ref name=Bloom>{{cite web|last=Bloom|first=Barry|title='Million Dollar Arm' Singh aiming for Major Leagues|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article/mlb/barry-m-bloom-million-dollar-arm-rinku-singh-aiming-for-major-leagues?ymd=20140205&content_id=67480206&vkey=news_mlb|work=[[MLB.com]]|access-date=22 March 2014}}</ref> Singh also missed the entire 2014 season due to [[Tommy John surgery]].<ref name=Crasnick>{{cite web|last=Crasnick|first=Jerry|title=Two in a billion: From India to U.S. to big screen: The journeys of Rinku Singh and Dinesh Patel|url=https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/10935566/million-dollar-arm-remarkable-journeys-rinku-singh-dinesh-patel|work=[[ESPN.com]]|date=15 May 2014|access-date=16 May 2014|archive-date=4 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104095751/http://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/10935566/million-dollar-arm-remarkable-journeys-rinku-singh-dinesh-patel|url-status=live}}</ref> Singh also missed all of the 2015 season due to a broken elbow.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.piratesprospects.com/2015/03/minor-league-injury-updates-holmes-heredia-ramirez-luplow-eppler-frazier-singh.html|title=Minor League Injury Updates: Holmes, Heredia, Ramirez, Luplow, Eppler, Frazier, Singh|author=Tim Williams|work=piratesprospects.com|access-date=18 September 2015|archive-date=13 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913105615/http://www.piratesprospects.com/2015/03/minor-league-injury-updates-holmes-heredia-ramirez-luplow-eppler-frazier-singh.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bucconation.wordpress.com/2015/04/01/rinku-singh-to-miss-the-2015-season/|title=Rinku Singh to Miss the 2015 Season|work=Bucco Nation|date=April 2015|access-date=18 September 2015|archive-date=8 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208225557/https://bucconation.wordpress.com/2015/04/01/rinku-singh-to-miss-the-2015-season/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Pirates re-signed Singh on 9 November 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bucconation.wordpress.com/2015/11/09/pirates-re-sign-rinku-singh/|title=Pirates Re-Sign Rinku Singh|work=Bucco Nation|date=9 November 2015|access-date=10 December 2015|archive-date=22 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222172457/https://bucconation.wordpress.com/2015/11/09/pirates-re-sign-rinku-singh/|url-status=live}}</ref> He made one appearance for the rookie–level [[Gulf Coast League Pirates]] in 2016, pitching one scoreless inning.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} He elected free agency following the season on 7 November 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pirates Minor League Free Agents and Why Brandon Cumpton Isn't Eligible|url=https://www.piratesprospects.com/2016/11/pirates-minor-league-free-agents-and-why-brandon-cumpton-isnt-eligible.html|access-date=19 June 2023|website=piratesprospects.com|language=en|archive-date=19 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619185543/https://www.piratesprospects.com/2016/11/pirates-minor-league-free-agents-and-why-brandon-cumpton-isnt-eligible.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Professional wrestling career ==<br />
On 14 January 2018, Singh signed a contract with American [[professional wrestling]] promotion [[WWE]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/wwenxt/article/million-dollar-arm-rinku-singh-reports-to-wwe-performance-center|title=Former MLB pitcher joins WWE Performance Center|access-date=31 May 2018|archive-date=3 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903034704/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wwenxt/article/million-dollar-arm-rinku-singh-reports-to-wwe-performance-center|url-status=live}}</ref> On 25 March 2020 episode of ''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]'', Singh, [[Saurav Gurjar]], and manager [[Stokely Hathaway|Malcolm Bivens]] made their televised debut, attacking [[NXT Tag Team Champion]] [[Matt Riddle]]. The following week, Bivens introduced them as Rinku and Saurav, while revealing their team name to be Indus Sher (meaning Indian Tigers).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Garettson |first1=Jordan |title=Indus Sher def. Ever-Rise |url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wwenxt/2020-04-08/article/indus-sher-def-ever-rise |website=WWE.com |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108195046/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wwenxt/2020-04-08/article/indus-sher-def-ever-rise |url-status=live }}</ref> On 8 April episode of ''NXT'', Indus Sher defeated [[2point0|Ever-Rise]] in their debut match. Indus Sher vanished from television after June.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gibbons |first1=Aidan |title=WWE NXT Tag Team Were Pulled From TV Because Of Matt Riddle's Main Roster Call-Up |url=https://cultaholic.com/posts/wwe-nxt-tag-team-were-pulled-from-tv-because-of-matt-riddle-s-main-roster-call-up |website=Cultaholic |date=4 June 2020 |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=4 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104232203/https://cultaholic.com/posts/wwe-nxt-tag-team-were-pulled-from-tv-because-of-matt-riddle-s-main-roster-call-up |url-status=live }}</ref> At [[Superstar Spectacle]] on 22 January 2021, Rinku and Saurav resurfaced and teamed with [[Drew McIntyre]] in a six-man tag-team match to defeat [[Jinder Mahal]] and [[The Bollywood Boyz]].<br />
<br />
On 10 May episode of ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'', Singh, with the new ring name Veer, along with [[Shanky]], would align themselves with Jinder Mahal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former WWE Champion Returns During WWE Raw|url=https://comicbook.com/wwe/news/wwe-raw-jinder-mahal-returns-injury-new-faction-beats-jeff-hardy/|access-date=11 May 2021|website=WWE|language=en|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511004802/https://comicbook.com/wwe/news/wwe-raw-jinder-mahal-returns-injury-new-faction-beats-jeff-hardy/|url-status=live}}</ref> During the [[2021 WWE Draft|2021 Draft]], Mahal and Shanky were drafted to the [[SmackDown (WWE brand)|SmackDown brand]] while Veer remained on the [[Raw (WWE brand)|Raw brand]], ending their alliance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/article/latest-wwe-draft-results-2021|title=See all the results from the 2021 Draft|access-date=6 October 2021|archive-date=15 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015104250/https://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/article/latest-wwe-draft-results-2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Raw10042021">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2021/10/04/10-4-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-of-the-wwe-draft-night-two-goldberg-returns-the-build-to-wwe-crown-jewel-continues/|title=10/4 WWE Raw Results: Powell's live review of the WWE Draft night two, Goldberg returns, the build to WWE Crown Jewel continues|date=4 October 2021|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=5 October 2021|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005061332/https://prowrestling.net/site/2021/10/04/10-4-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-of-the-wwe-draft-night-two-goldberg-returns-the-build-to-wwe-crown-jewel-continues/|url-status=live}}</ref> Now a singles wrestler, Veer's ring name was tweaked to Veer Mahaan.<ref>{{cite tweet|author=[[WWE]]|user=WWE|number=1455347382573576192|title=VEER MAHAAN COMING TO #WWERaw|date=1 November 2021|access-date=9 November 2021}}</ref> After months of vignettes hyping his debut, Mahaan finally returned to television on 4 April 2022 episode of ''Raw'', attacking [[Rey Mysterio|Rey]] and [[Dominik Mysterio]].<ref name="Raw04042022">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/04/04/4-4-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-of-the-raw-after-wrestlemania-with-undisputed-wwe-universal-champion-roman-reigns-the-return-of-cody-rhodes-new-raw-womens-champion-bianca-belair-appears/|title=4/4 WWE Raw results: Powell's live review of the Raw After WrestleMania with Undisputed WWE Universal Champion Roman Reigns, the return of Cody Rhodes, new Raw Women's Champion Bianca Belair appears, the "debut" of Veer Mahaan|first=Jason|last=Powell|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=4 April 2022|access-date=5 April 2022|archive-date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614103221/https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/04/04/4-4-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-of-the-raw-after-wrestlemania-with-undisputed-wwe-universal-champion-roman-reigns-the-return-of-cody-rhodes-new-raw-womens-champion-bianca-belair-appears/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wrestlingnews.co/wwe-news/wwe-monday-night-raw-results-for-may-9th-2022/|title=WWE Monday Night Raw Results for May 9th, 2022|work=WrestlingNews.co|date=9 May 2022|access-date=9 May 2022|archive-date=10 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510055203/https://wrestlingnews.co/wwe-news/wwe-monday-night-raw-results-for-may-9th-2022/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mahaan would go on to defeat the Mysterios in separate matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/videos/veer-mahaan-dominates-opponents-wwe-playlist|title=Veer Mahaan dominates opponents: WWE Playlist|publisher=[[WWE]]|date=23 May 2022|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005162205/https://www.wwe.com/videos/veer-mahaan-dominates-opponents-wwe-playlist|url-status=live}}</ref> On the 4 October episode of ''NXT'', Mahaan returned to the developmental brand, teasing a reunion with his former tag team partner Saurav, now known as [[Saurav Gurjar|Sanga]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/videos/a-disheartened-sanga-spots-an-old-friend-wwe-nxt-oct-4-2022|title=Sanga reunites with his old friend Veer: WWE NXT, Oct. 4, 2022|publisher=[[WWE]]|date=4 October 2022|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005162206/https://www.wwe.com/videos/a-disheartened-sanga-spots-an-old-friend-wwe-nxt-oct-4-2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Mahaan returned to the main roster as he and Indus Sher were drafted to the Raw brand in the [[2023 WWE Draft]]. On 18 March 2024 episode of ''Raw'', he and Sanga were defeated by [[Awesome Truth]] for a spot in the [[Ladder match|six-pack ladder match]] for the [[Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship]] at [[WrestleMania XL]]. On the 5 April 2024 episode of ''Smackdown'', he appeared in the [[André the Giant Memorial Battle Royal]], where he was eliminated by the [[Creed Brothers]]. On 20 April 2024, Mahaan announced that he had been released by WWE, along with the rest of Indus Sher.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tessier |first1=Colin |date=20 April 2024 |title=Veer Released By WWE |url=https://www.wrestlezone.com/news/1466044-veer-released-by-wwe |work=Wrestlezone |access-date=20 April 2024 |archive-date=20 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420082054/https://www.wrestlezone.com/news/1466044-veer-released-by-wwe |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Film ==<br />
{{main|Million Dollar Arm}}<br />
Singh and Patel's story is the basis for the [[Walt Disney Pictures]] sports film ''Million Dollar Arm'', in which Singh was portrayed by [[Suraj Sharma]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Disney's "Million Dollar Arm" begins production|url=http://www.waltdisneystudios.com/corp/news/1320|publisher=[[The Walt Disney Studios (production company)|The Walt Disney Studios]]|access-date=16 June 2013|format=Press release|date=30 May 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616105506/http://www.waltdisneystudios.com/corp/news/1320|archive-date=16 June 2013}}</ref><ref name=Sharma>{{cite news|last=Sneider|first=Jeff|title='Life of Pi' Star Suraj Sharma Joins Jon Hamm in Disney's 'Million Dollar Arm' (Exclusive)|url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/life-pi-star-suraj-sharma-winds-million-dollar-arm-exclusive-86276|access-date=16 June 2013|newspaper=The Wrap|date=17 April 2013|archive-date=31 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531210019/https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/life-pi-star-suraj-sharma-winds-million-dollar-arm-exclusive-86276|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2009, [[Columbia Pictures]] purchased the screen rights to the story of Singh and Patel.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sony Making Movie About Pirates' Rinku Singh And Dinesh Patel|url=http://pittsburgh.sbnation.com/2010/8/1/1599266/sony-movie-pirates-rinku-singh-dinesh-patel-indian-prospects-sylvester-stallone|publisher=SB Nation|date=1 August 2010|access-date=9 April 2012|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331103920/https://pittsburgh.sbnation.com/2010/8/1/1599266/sony-movie-pirates-rinku-singh-dinesh-patel-indian-prospects-sylvester-stallone|url-status=live}}</ref> The project stalled and eventually producers [[Joe Roth]] and [[Mark Ciardi]] set the film up at [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Upon acquiring ''[[Million Dollar Arm]]'', Disney hired [[Tom McCarthy (director)|Tom McCarthy]] to write the film.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tom McCarthy to Write Sports Drama Million Dollar Arm|website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|url=https://collider.com/tom-mccarthy-to-write-sports-drama-million-dollar-arm/|date=8 February 2011|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=8 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108070854/https://collider.com/tom-mccarthy-to-write-sports-drama-million-dollar-arm/75186/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jon Hamm]] played [[J. B. Bernstein]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jon Hamm Sports Million Dollar Arm for Disney|website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|url=https://collider.com/jon-hamm-million-dollar-arm/|date=9 May 2012|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=5 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105204231/https://collider.com/jon-hamm-million-dollar-arm/165214/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title='Mad Men's Jon Hamm To Play Sports Deal Maker in Disney's 'Million Dollar Arm'|url=https://deadline.com/2012/05/mad-mens-jon-hamm-to-play-sports-deal-maker-in-disneys-million-dollar-arm-269303/|date=9 May 2012|access-date=16 November 2024|archive-date=8 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208021011/https://deadline.com/2012/05/mad-mens-jon-hamm-to-play-sports-deal-maker-in-disneys-million-dollar-arm-269303/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
In 2012, Singh became a vegetarian after he witnessed several men in [[Bhadohi]] chasing a chicken in order to kill it.<ref name=Ali>{{cite news|last=Ali|first=Qaiser M.|title=Baseball player Rinku Singh turns vegetarian ahead of Australian Baseball League|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/baseball-player-rinku-singh-non-vegetarian-food-117858-2012-10-04|access-date=22 March 2014|newspaper=[[India Today]]|date=5 October 2012|archive-date=8 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208124822/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/baseball-player-rinku-singh-non-vegetarian-food/1/223492.html|url-status=live}}</ref> During his baseball career, he said that he recited the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] devotional hymn ''[[Hanuman Chalisa]]'' and listened to the [[Eminem]] song "[[Not Afraid]]" before pitching.<ref name=Ali /><br />
<br />
Following his WWE release, Singh became a [[Sannyasa|sannyasi]], a renunciate Hindu monk.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Coulson |first=Josh |date=25 January 2025 |title=Released WWE Superstar Renounces Their Belongings To Become A Hindu Monk |url=https://www.thesportster.com/released-wwe-superstar-veer-mahan-hindu-monk/ |access-date=12 April 2026 |website=TheSportster |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 November 2025 |title=He wrestled with John Cena in WWE, but now is a sweeper at Premanand Ji Maharaj's ashram. Who is Rinku Singh? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/he-wrestled-with-john-cena-in-wwe-but-now-is-a-sweeper-at-premanand-maharajs-ashram-who-is-rinku-singh/articleshow/125009479.cms?from=mdr |access-date=12 April 2026 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{commons}}<br />
*{{IMDb name}}<br />
*{{Professional wrestling profiles}}<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081207070126/http://www.themilliondollararm.com/blog/ Million-Dollar Arm blog]<br />
<br />
{{Portal|Biography|Baseball|India}}<br />
{{baseballstats|brm=singh-001rin}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Rinku}}<br />
[[Category:1988 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian baseball players]]<br />
[[Category:Indian expatriate baseball players in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male professional wrestlers]]<br />
[[Category:Sportspeople from Lucknow]]<br />
[[Category:Gulf Coast Pirates players]]<br />
[[Category:Canberra Cavalry players]]<br />
[[Category:State College Spikes players]]<br />
[[Category:Adelaide Bite players]]<br />
[[Category:West Virginia Power players]]<br />
[[Category:Dominican Summer League Pirates players]]<br />
[[Category:Expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic]]<br />
[[Category:Guru Gobind Singh Sports College, Lucknow alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Expatriate baseball players in Australia]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century male professional wrestlers]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jitendra_Singh&diff=506324Jitendra Singh2026-04-01T16:26:20Z<p>Priyupranav: creating new biography - done</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Jitendra Singh''' may refer to:<br />
<br />
==Politicians==<br />
* [[Jitendra Singh (Rajasthan politician)]] (born 1946), Indian National Congress politician<br />
* [[Jitendra Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)]] or Jitendra Kumar Bablu Bhaiya, Bahujan Samaj Party politician<br />
* [[Jitendra Singh Rana]] (born 1956), Indian physician and politician<br />
* [[Jitendra Pal Singh Billu]], Indian politician<br />
* [[Bhanwar Jitendra Singh]] (born 1971), Indian politician from the Indian National Congress<br />
<br />
==Others==<br />
* [[Jitendra Singh (cricketer)]] (born 1965), Indian cricketer<br />
* [[Jitendra Singh (footballer)]] (born 2001), Indian footballer<br />
* [[Jitendra Kumar Singh]] (born 1952), Indian oncologist<br />
* [[Jitendra Pal Singh Uberoi]] or J. P. S. Uberoi (1934–2024), Indian sociologist and anthropologist<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Jitendra]], an Indian male given name<br />
* [[Singh]], an Indian surname<br />
* [[Jeetendra Singh Bundela]], Indian politician<br />
* Jitendra Singh Jadaun or [[Jeetu Verma]] (born 1967), Indian actor<br />
* [[Jitendra Singh Rana]] (born 1956), Indian politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
<br />
{{hndis|Singh, Jitendra}}</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yash_Raj_Films&diff=466938Yash Raj Films2026-03-28T17:11:46Z<p>Priyupranav: fix content based on references and updated info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian film studio founded 1970}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox company<br />
| name = Yash Raj Films<br />
| logo = Yash Raj Films Logo.svg<br />
| logo_caption = Official logo<br />
| type = Privately held company<br />
| founded = {{Start date and age|1970}}<br />
| founder = [[Yash Chopra]]<br />
| key_people = * [[Aditya Chopra]]<br>(Chairman & MD)<br />
* Akshaye Widhani<br>(CEO)<br />
| divisions = {{Hlist<br />
| [[Film production|Production]] <br />
| [[Film distribution|Distribution]]<br />
| Studio<br />
| Marketing<br />
| [[Merchandising]]<br />
| [[Licensing]]<br />
| [[Home Video]]<br />
| Music<br />
| [[Digital media|Digital]]<br />
| [[Actors|Talent]]<br />
| Brand Partnerships<br />
| Communications<br />
| [[Technical support|Technical]]<br />
| [[Visual Effects]]<br />
| [[YRF Entertainment]]<br />
}}<br />
| revenue = <!-- must be supported by a reliable source --><br />
| operating_income = <!-- must be supported by a reliable source --><br />
| subsid = *YRF Studios<br />
*YRF Distributors<br />
*YFX<br />
*[[YRF Entertainment]]<br />
*[[YRF Spy Universe]]<br />
*[[#YRF Home Entertainment|YRF Home Entertainment]]<br />
*[[YRF Music]]<br />
*[[Y-Films]]<br />
*[[YRF Television]]<br />
* YRF Digital<br />
* YRF Talent<br />
| location_city = [[Mumbai]]<br />
| location_country = India<br />
| website = {{Official URL}}<br />
| products = [[List of films released by Yash Raj Films|Films released]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Yash Raj Films''' ('''YRF''') is an Indian [[film production]] and [[film distribution|distribution]] company founded by filmmaker [[Yash Chopra]] in 1970. Since 2012, it has been led by his son [[Aditya Chopra]]. The company primarily produces and distributes [[Bollywood|Hindi films]] and has played a significant role in shaping the Hindi film industry.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/producers-who-scored-at-the-box-office/34631/1 |title=Producers Who Scored at the Box Office |website=Forbes India |language=en |access-date=5 December 2018 |archive-date=5 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205105529/http://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/producers-who-scored-at-the-box-office/34631/1 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In 1970, YRF was founded by [[Yash Chopra|Yash Raj Chopra]], a veteran director and producer in the [[Cinema of India|Indian film industry]].{{cn|date=July 2025}}<br />
<br />
=== YRF Studios ===<br />
In 2005, Chopra built YRF Studios in [[Mumbai]]. In 2006, the first film shot at YRF Studios was the romantic thriller ''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]''. Since then, several notable films have been shot at YRF Studios, including ''[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]'' (2006), ''[[Partner (2007 film)|Partner]]'' (2007), ''[[Taare Zameen Par]]'' (2007), ''[[Dostana (2008 film)|Dostana]]'' (2008), ''[[Wanted (2009 film)|Wanted]]'' (2009), ''[[3 Idiots]]'' (2009), ''[[Dabangg]]'' (2010), ''[[Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film)|Bodyguard]]'' (2011), ''[[Ra.One]]'' (2011), ''[[Agneepath (2012 film)|Agneepath]]'' (2012), ''[[Chennai Express]]'' (2013), ''[[Jai Ho (2014 film)|Jai Ho]]'' (2014), and ''[[PK (film)|PK]]'' (2014). The studio consists of six floors and spans 20 acres. YRF Studios has also been rented out for other film and television productions, including ''[[10 Ka Dum]]'' and ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]'' for [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony Entertainment Television]], as well as ''[[Kya Aap Paanchvi Pass Se Tez Hain?]]'', ''[[Koffee With Karan]],'' and [[Satyamev Jayate (talk show)|''Satyamev Jayate'']] for [[STAR India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=YRF Studios |url=http://www.yrfstudios.com/?CatalogID=BE714428-43EC-4D04-8B70-96D684F5B60B?CatalogID=A4A74BBF-A235-4D9F-93E2-5EB6D48EA43C?SectionCode=TV0001?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA== |publisher=Yash Raj Films|access-date=30 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109105322/http://www.yrfstudios.com/?CatalogID=BE714428-43EC-4D04-8B70-96D684F5B60B%3FCatalogID%3DA4A74BBF-A235-4D9F-93E2-5EB6D48EA43C%3FSectionCode%3DTV0001%3FitemCat%3D210&catName=MjAwNA%3D%3D|archive-date=9 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== YRF Distributors ===<br />
YRF since launching their distribution arm, has not just distributed films produced by them but also several films made by other production companies, within India as well as overseas, which includes a variety of [[independent film]]s and [[Parallel Cinema]] productions such as ''[[Godmother (film)|Godmother]]'' (1999), ''[[Zubeidaa]]'' (2001), ''[[Maqbool]]'' (2004), and ''[[Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities]]'' (2004) among others.<br />
In recent years, YRF has distributed successful films like ''[[Tu Jhoothi Main Makkaar]]'' (2023), ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]'' (2024), and ''[[Chhaava]]'' (2025). While they mostly distribute Hindi films, they have also distributed a few regional films in various languages.{{cn|date=September 2025}}<br />
<br />
In 2013, the company's distribution team sold the satellite rights of its venture ''[[Dhoom 3]]'' for {{INRConvert|75|c}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Earners: Box Office 2004 |url=http://businessindia.co.uk/2013/05/dhoom-3-satellite-rights-sold-to-sony-for-75-crores/ |publisher=BusinessIndia.com|access-date=30 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219051049/http://businessindia.co.uk/2013/05/dhoom-3-satellite-rights-sold-to-sony-for-75-crores/|archive-date=19 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> to Sony Entertainment Television.<ref>{{cite web |title=YRF Home Entertainment |url=http://www.yashrajfilms.com/OnlineStore/InnerLanding.aspx?CatalogID=BE714428-43EC-4D04-8B70-96D684F5B60B%3FCatalogID%3DA4A74BBF-A235-4D9F-93E2-5EB6D48EA43C%3FSectionCode%3DTV0001%3FitemCat%3D210&catName=MjAwNA%3D%3D |publisher=Yash Raj Films |access-date=30 May 2010 |archive-date=9 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109105321/http://www.yashrajfilms.com/OnlineStore/InnerLanding.aspx?CatalogID=BE714428-43EC-4D04-8B70-96D684F5B60B%3FCatalogID%3DA4A74BBF-A235-4D9F-93E2-5EB6D48EA43C%3FSectionCode%3DTV0001%3FitemCat%3D210&catName=MjAwNA%3D%3D |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== YRF Home Entertainment ===<br />
YRF Home Entertainment division produces and releases Audio CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray Discs & VCDs. While these include films from YRF's own film catalogue, the division also selectively acquires films from outside banners for releasing them across Home Video formats. YRF Home Entertainment Forever Classics Collection includes many of their own classic films, directed by the company's founder, [[Yash Chopra]] and his son [[Aditya Chopra]], besides several popular films from [[R.K. Films|Raj Kapoor Films]] and B.R. Films, among others.{{cn|date=July 2025}}<br />
<br />
=== YRF Music ===<br />
The company impacted the music industry through chartbuster soundtracks in their filmography such as ''[[Darr]]'' (1993), ''[[Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge]]'' (1995), and ''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]'' (1997).<ref>{{cite web |title=YRF Music |url=http://www.yashrajfilms.com/OnlineStore/InnerLanding.aspx?CatalogID=A4A74BBF-A235-4D9F-93E2-5EB6D48EA43C%3FSectionCode%3DTV0001%3FitemCat%3D210&catName=MjAwNA%3D%3D |publisher=Yash Raj Films |access-date=30 May 2010 |archive-date=9 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109105321/http://www.yashrajfilms.com/OnlineStore/InnerLanding.aspx?CatalogID=A4A74BBF-A235-4D9F-93E2-5EB6D48EA43C%3FSectionCode%3DTV0001%3FitemCat%3D210&catName=MjAwNA%3D%3D |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== 2009 Disney buyout-refusal ===<br />
In 2007, [[The Walt Disney Company]] entered Indian entertainment through a three-film co-production agreement with YRF, ''[[Ta Ra Rum Pum]]'', ''[[Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic]]'', and ''[[Roadside Romeo]]''. Disney's move was seen as a bid to increase its global recognition and finally enter the increasingly lucrative [[Indian Cinema|Indian cinema]] arena. In 2009, Disney offered a 49% acquisition of YRF for {{INRConvert|2500|c}}<ref name="mw.disney.2007.06.11">{{cite web |url=http://www.movieweb.com/news/walt-disney-studios-teams-up-with-yash-raj-films-to-create-computer-animated-feature-films |title=Walt Disney Studios Teams Up with Yash Raj Films to Create Computer-Animated Feature Films |publisher=[[MovieWeb]] |date=11 June 2007 |access-date=27 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227131437/https://movieweb.com/news/walt-disney-studios-teams-up-with-yash-raj-films-to-create-computer-animated-feature-films/ |archive-date=27 December 2013}}</ref> (unadjusted for inflation), which took the valuation of the Indian entertainment company to {{INRConvert|5000|c|year=2009}}.<ref name="bs.2007.06.13">{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/yash-raj-disney-in-animation-films-tie-up-107061301114_1.html |title=Yash Raj, Disney in animation films tie-up |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=13 June 2007 |access-date=27 December 2013 |location=Mumbai |archive-date=31 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231142847/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/yash-raj-disney-in-animation-films-tie-up-107061301114_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The acquisition proposal did not materialise, as Yash Raj Films chose not to proceed with Disney’s offer and continued to operate independently till date.<br />
<br />
== Aditya Chopra (2007 - present) ==<br />
<br />
=== Aditya Chopra as Vice-Chairman ===<br />
From 2007 to 2010, the company saw an all-time low, with several of their high-budgeted films failing at the box office, and thereby suffering losses amounting to millions. The films broke YRF's perfect success ratio and were oddly released one after another. Some of the most unsuccessful films produced under the banner were ''[[Jhoom Barabar Jhoom]]'', ''[[Laaga Chunari Mein Daag]]'', ''[[Aaja Nachle]]'', ''[[Tashan (film)|Tashan]]'', ''[[Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic]]'', ''[[Roadside Romeo]], [[Dil Bole Hadippa!]], [[Rocket Singh: Salesman of the Year]]'' and ''[[Pyaar Impossible]]''.{{cn|date=July 2025}}<br />
<br />
[[Aditya Chopra]] then took over as the vice-chairman of Yash Raj Films in 2010, soon after the release of the film ''[[Badmaash Company]]'' under the same banner.<ref name="Profile">{{cite web |title=Profile |url=http://www.yashrajfilms.com/profile/adi.htm?SectionCode=PRO003a1%3FitemCat%3D210&catName=MjAwNA |publisher=Yash Raj Films |access-date=30 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227183332/https://www.yashrajfilms.com/profile/adi.htm?SectionCode=PRO003a1%3FitemCat%3D210&catName=MjAwNA |archive-date=27 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2011, the company went into production of three individual films with [[Aamir Khan]] for ''[[Dhoom 3]]'', [[Shah Rukh Khan]] for ''Jab Tak Hai Jaan'' and with [[Salman Khan]] for ''Ek Tha Tiger'', the first installment in the [[YRF Spy Universe]]. The three films would become the most expensive productions ever undertaken by YRF; ''Ek Tha Tiger''<ref name="TIGER ZINDA HAI Trailer">{{cite web |url=https://mdb.org.in/titles/78/tiger-zinda-hai |title=TIGER ZINDA HAI Trailer |access-date=19 November 2017 |publisher=YRF |archive-date=3 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403210626/https://mdb.org.in/titles/78/tiger-zinda-hai |url-status=dead }}</ref> was produced at {{INRConvert|75|c}},<ref name="Budget">{{cite web |title=Ek Tha Tiger: It's Salman's show all the way |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ek-tha-tiger-its-salmans-show-all-the-way/282723-8-66.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818125111/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ek-tha-tiger-its-salmans-show-all-the-way/282723-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 August 2012 |publisher=IBNLive.com|access-date=16 August 2012}}</ref> ''Jab Tak Hai Jaan'' was produced at {{INRConvert|60|c}}<ref name="taran">{{cite news |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/269036107033890816 |title=JTHJ P&A 60 crore |publisher=Twitter |date=15 November 2012 |access-date=1 January 2013 |archive-date=24 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024232014/https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/269036107033890816 |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''Dhoom 3'' was produced at {{INRConvert|150|c}}.<ref name="taran60">{{cite news |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |url=http://epaper.telegraphindia.com/detail/49952-175527875.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215120551/http://epaper.telegraphindia.com/detail/49952-175527875.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 December 2013 |title=Dhoom 3 decoded |publisher=[[Telegraph India]] |date=27 December 2013 | access-date=27 December 2013}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Film !! Day of Release !! Screen Releases !! Distribution !! Budget !! Worldwide Gross<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' || [[Eid al-Fitr|Eid]] <small>(2012)</small> || 3,850 screens<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Salman-Khans-Ek-Tha-Tiger-gets-extraordinary-advance-booking/articleshow/15495421.cms |title=Salman Khan's Ek Tha Tiger gets 'extraordinary' advance booking |work=The Times of India |author=Bharti Dubey |date=14 August 2012 |access-date=15 August 2012 |archive-date=3 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403212016/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Salman-Khans-Ek-Tha-Tiger-gets-extraordinary-advance-booking/articleshow/15495421.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> || rowspan="3" | YRF Distributors || {{INRConvert|75|c}}<ref name="Budget" /> || {{INRConvert|320|c}}{{refn|{{cite web |title=Chennai Express Crosses Ek Tha Tiger Worldwide in Ten Days |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5979&nCat= |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |access-date=19 August 2013 |archive-date=5 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105220137/http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5979&nCat= |url-status=dead }}}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]'' || [[Diwali]] <small>(2012)</small> || 3,100 screens<ref name="boiscr">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/youdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5057&nCat= |title=JTHJ screen count |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=9 November 2012 |archive-date=9 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109014907/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/youdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5057&nCat= |url-status=live }}</ref> || {{INRConvert|60|c}}<ref name="taran" /> || {{INRConvert|241|c}}<ref name="Yash Raj Films" /><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dhoom 3]]'' || [[Christmas]] <small>(2013)</small> || 5,250 screens<ref name="Live Mint">{{cite web |url=http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/7K3WaBJHUg2nawEWnNvVOI/All-eyes-and-wallets-on-Dhoom-3-this-Friday.html |title=All eyes (and wallets) on Dhoom: 3 this Friday |publisher=Live Mint |work=Nandini Ramnath |date=17 December 2013 |access-date=18 December 2013 |archive-date=18 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218074424/http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/7K3WaBJHUg2nawEWnNvVOI/All-eyes-and-wallets-on-Dhoom-3-this-Friday.html |url-status=live }}</ref> || {{INRConvert|150|c}}<ref name="taran60" /> || {{INRConvert|542|c}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Dhoom 3 crosses INR 500 crore |url=http://profit.ndtv.com/topic/dhoom-3-box-office-collection?page=shownews&articleid=5979&nCat= |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com|access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Dhoom 3 rakes in more than INR 500 crore |date=8 January 2014 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dhoom-3-becomes-first-indian-film-to-gross-rs-500-crore/?page=shownews&articleid=5979&nCat= |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com|access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
All three of these films broke [[List of highest-grossing Indian films worldwide|box office]] records in India and went on to become some of the highest-grossing films of their time. ''Ek Tha Tiger'',<ref name="TIGER ZINDA HAI Trailer"/> which released on the 66th Independence Day of India, earned approximately {{INRConvert|320|c}}<ref name=":0" /> and became the eleventh highest-grossing film of Indian cinema. ''Jab Tak Hai Jaan'' opened worldwide on the Diwali day of 2012 and went on to earn {{INRConvert|241|c}}<ref name="Yash Raj Films">{{cite web |title=Jab Tak Hai Jaan Worldwide Blockbuster |url=http://www.yashrajfilms.com/News/NewsDetails.aspx?newsid=1d3cf0a4-a473-4513-ae21-2864f6464dd5 |publisher=Yash Raj Films |access-date=5 December 2012 |archive-date=28 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128035258/http://www.yashrajfilms.com/News/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=1d3cf0a4-a473-4513-ae21-2864f6464dd5 |url-status=live }}</ref> and became the fifteenth highest-grossing film in India. ''Dhoom 3'' released in (Hindi, Tamil, Telugu and Arabic) on the Christmas week of 2013 and grossed approximately {{INRConvert|542|c}},<ref name="Dhoom 3 crosses INR 530 crore">{{cite web |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/box-office/2014/dhoom-3-28-days-4th-week-collection-box-office-129967.html?itemCat=313&catName=TGlmZXRpbWUgQWRqdXN0ZWQ= |title=Dhoom 3 crosses INR 530 crore |date=18 January 2014 |publisher=Entertainment One|access-date=18 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="Dhoom 3 crosses INR 532 crore">{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/534924/20140118/dhoom-3-box-office-collection-timepass-marathi.html?itemCat=313&catName=TGlmZXRpbWUgQWRqdXN0ZWQ= |title=Dhoom 3 crosses INR 532 crore |work=IBI Times |date=18 January 2014|access-date=19 January 2014}}</ref> in the worldwide market and went on to become the twelfth highest-grossing film of Indian cinema, {{as of|2022|January|lc=y}}.{{cn|date=July 2025}}<br />
<br />
=== Aditya Chopra as Chairman ===<br />
After the death of Yash Chopra in October 2012, Aditya Chopra was elevated to the position of chairman and Chief Executive of the company's studio wing. Facing overwhelming pressure by the [[National Stock Exchange of India|Indian bourses]] to be publicly listed around the same period, the company went for a [[Soft launch|soft-launch]] on 3 January 2013.{{cn|date=July 2025}}<br />
<br />
The company received angel investment by institutional fund-raisers such as [[Life Insurance Corporation|LIC of India]], [[Ratan Tata|RNT Associates]], [[Azim Premji|PremjiInvest]], [[N. R. Narayana Murthy|Catamaran Ventures]], [[Maruti Suzuki|Maruti Udyog]] and [[Ronnie Screwvala|Unilazer Ventures]]. YRF was made open to Indian enterprises only, and no [[Foreign direct investment|FDI]] was accepted. Venture capitalists also showed interest in [[Adi Godrej]], [[Yogesh Chander Deveshwar|Y. C. Deveshwar]], [[Kumar Mangalam Birla|Kumar Birla]], [[Arundhati Bhattacharya]], [[Anand Mahindra]], [[Chanda Kochhar]], [[Sunil Mittal]], [[Shikha Sharma]] and [[Uday Kotak]] investing undisclosed sums. YRF produced more films under the chairmanship of Chopra and the new management.<ref>{{cite web |title=Profile |url=http://www.yashrajfilms.com/AboutUs/YRFTeam.aspx?SectionCode=PRO003a1%3FitemCat%3D210&catName=MjAwNA%3D%3D |publisher=Yash Raj Films |access-date=30 May 2010 |archive-date=9 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109105321/http://www.yashrajfilms.com/AboutUs/YRFTeam.aspx?SectionCode=PRO003a1%3FitemCat%3D210&catName=MjAwNA%3D%3D |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Produced and distributed films ==<br />
{{Main|List of films released by Yash Raj Films}}<br />
<br />
==YRF Entertainment==<br />
In November 2011, YRF Entertainment was announced as a subsidiary of Yash Raj Films, in [[Beverly Hills, California]], US, with [[Uday Chopra]] as the CEO.<ref name="thr11">{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/yash-raj-hollywood-yrf-entertainment-264971/|title=Veteran Bollywood Banner Yash Raj Films Launches Hollywood-Based YRF Entertainment|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=22 November 2011|access-date=19 November 2023|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119113455/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/yash-raj-hollywood-yrf-entertainment-264971/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
By 2023, YRF Entertainment was transformed into the streaming division of Yash Raj Films.<ref name="varietysep">{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/netflix-yash-raj-films-partnership-railway-men-maharaj-1235723624/|title=Netflix and India's Yash Raj Films Launch Multi-Year Creative Partnership With 'The Railway Men,' 'Maharaj'|work=Variety|date=14 September 2023|access-date=19 November 2023|archive-date=7 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107175621/https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/netflix-yash-raj-films-partnership-railway-men-maharaj-1235723624/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Film===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" | Language<br />
! scope = "col" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2014<br />
| ''[[The Longest Week]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" |English<br />
|<br />
| <ref name="thr11"/><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Grace of Monaco (film)|Grace of Monaco]]''<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/yash-raj-films-to-produce-nicole-kidman-starrer-grace-of-monaco-112052000026_1.html|title=Yash Raj Films to produce Nicole Kidman-starrer Grace of Monaco|work=Business Standard|date=20 January 2013|access-date=19 November 2023|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119113640/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/yash-raj-films-to-produce-nicole-kidman-starrer-grace-of-monaco-112052000026_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2024<br />
| ''[[Maharaj (2024 film)|Maharaj]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" |Hindi<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Netflix Original]]<br />
|<ref name="auto"/><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vijay 69]]''<br />
| <ref name="auto"/><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" | Language<br />
! scope="col" | Platform<br />
! scope = "col" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2023<br />
| ''[[The Romantics (TV series)|The Romantics]]'' <br />
| English<br>Hindi<br />
| rowspan="4" |Netflix<br />
| Documentary series<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Railway Men]]''<br />
| rowspan="3" | Hindi<br />
| <br />
|<ref name="varietysep"/><br />
|-<br />
| 2025<br />
| ''[[Mandala Murders]]''<br />
|<br />
|<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/netflix-yrf-entertainment-release-first-looks-of-mandala-murders-maharaj-and-vijay-69-2916015|title=Netflix, YRF Entertainment release first looks of 'Mandala Murders', 'Maharaj', and 'Vijay 69'|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2026<br />
| {{pending film|Akka}}<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2023/global/asia/radhika-apte-keerthy-suresh-akka-1235807821|title=Keerthy Suresh, Radhika Apte to Headline YRF Entertainment Revenge Thriller Series 'Akka'|website=Variety|date=24 November 2023|access-date=28 March 2024|archive-date=19 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119134254/https://variety.com/2023/global/asia/radhika-apte-keerthy-suresh-akka-1235807821/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== YRF Television ==<br />
'''YRF Television''' was a TV production company, based in [[Mumbai]], India,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yashrajfilms.com/ContactUs/ContactUsLanding.aspx?SectionCode=CU001 |title=Yash Raj Films (YRF) Contact Details }}</ref> and promoted by [[Aditya Chopra]]. <br />
YRF Television, although it produced a small number of programmes, all of which were content-oriented productions. It was mainly focused on creating and producing unique, distinctive shows for television audiences, rather than most of the shows that were developed during that time, aiming to provide television viewers with compelling content through fresh, contemporary, and engaging storylines.{{cn|date=July 2025}}<br />
<br />
YRF Television's shows include ''Lift Kara De'', ''Seven - The Ashvamedha Prophecy'', ''[[Mahi Way]]'', ''[[Rishta.com]]'', ''[[Powder (TV series)|Powder]]'', ''[[Khotey Sikkey]]'', ''[[Kismat (TV series)|Kismat]]''.<br />
<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/yrf-tv-driven-by-content-not-trps/story-WCR8RyF0LTfsF5cOnrO3wN.html | title=YRF TV driven by content, not TRPs' | date=26 January 2011 | newspaper=Hindustan Times | author=IANS | access-date=31 January 2019 }}</ref> It was owned by Yash Raj Films (YRF) and entered into an exclusive agreement with [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony Entertainment Television]] to produce exclusive fiction and non-fiction content for the channel.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yash Raj Films (YRF) teams up with Sony Entertainment Television for exclusive TV content deal |url=http://www.yashrajfilms.com/News/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=879b0148-fa51-4ce8-b292-2a00f6ab2d97 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091226035625/http://www.yashrajfilms.com/News/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=879b0148-fa51-4ce8-b292-2a00f6ab2d97 |archive-date=2009-12-26}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Works with newcomers==<br />
YRF launched a number of budding screenwriters and directors under their banner throughout these years. Directors and screenwriters such as [[Kunal Kohli]], [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]], [[Sanjay Gadhvi]], [[Ali Abbas Zafar]], [[Jaideep Sahni]], [[Siddharth Anand]], [[Shimit Amin]], [[Habib Faisal]], [[Shaad Ali]], [[Maneesh Sharma]] and [[Vijay Krishna Acharya]] debuted under YRF and have gone on to become independent entities in films. The company also produced films for filmmakers such as [[Anil Mehta]], [[Chandraprakash Dwivedi]], and [[Pradeep Sarkar]] under their banner. The company was ranked as one of the most powerful film production companies in India in a survey conducted by [[Filmfare]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aditya Chopra Powerlist |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-01-23/news-interviews/27875191_1_filmfare-power-list-woman-power-powerful-person?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131227113101/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-01-23/news-interviews/27875191_1_filmfare-power-list-woman-power-powerful-person?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=30 May 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Talent Management ===<br />
YRF Talent, the talent management division of Yash Raj Films, also manages several actors and actresses.<ref>https://www.yashrajfilms.com/divisions/yrf-talent-management</ref><br />
<br />
== Offices ==<br />
YRF is headquartered in [[Mumbai]]. In India, YRF has a network of distribution offices in Mumbai, [[Delhi]], [[Jalandhar]], [[Jaipur]], [[Amravati]], [[Indore]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Kolkata]], [[Chennai]] and [[Kochi]]. Internationally, there are offices in the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United States of America]], and the [[United Arab Emirates]].<ref name="About">{{cite web |title=About the Company |url=https://www.yashrajfilms.com/about-us/the-company |publisher=Yash Raj Films |access-date=10 May 2022 |archive-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521070535/https://www.yashrajfilms.com/about-us/the-company |url-status=live }}{{self-published source|date=December 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Tie-ups ==<br />
Throughout the years of its existence, YRF entered into various business agreements with independent film and media entities present in the country.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Entity !! Period !! Description<br />
|-<br />
| [[Saregama]]<ref>{{cite web|title=SaReGaMa YRF|url=http://www.saregama.com/portal/pages/artist?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|publisher=SaReGaMa.com|access-date=30 May 2010}}</ref> || 1995–2005 || Music rights of all films produced under the YRF banner (deal existed until the launch of the company's independent music distribution leg, YRF Music)<br />
|-<br />
| [[R. K. Films|Raj Kapoor Films]]<ref>{{cite web|title=R.K.Films YRF|url=http://www.yashrajfilms.com/AboutUs/BuisnessActivities.aspx?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|publisher=R.K.Films YRF|access-date=30 May 2010|archive-date=9 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109105321/http://www.yashrajfilms.com/AboutUs/BuisnessActivities.aspx?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|url-status=live}}</ref> || 1995–present || Satellite and home entertainment rights to all films produced under the Raj Kapoor Films banner through the company's home entertainment division, YRF Home Entertainment<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sony Pictures Networks India]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Sony Entertainment Television YRF|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-25/tv/28065654_1_mahi-way-yrf-tv-indian-television?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131227113113/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-25/tv/28065654_1_mahi-way-yrf-tv-indian-television?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|archive-date=27 December 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=30 May 2010}}</ref> || 1995–2018; 2025–present || Exclusive satellite rights of all films produced under the YRF banner<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dharma Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Dharma Productions YRF|url=http://www.topnews.in/karan-johar-s-dharma-productions-ends-distribution-deal-yash-raj-films-2138048?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|publisher=Top News|access-date=30 May 2010|archive-date=9 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109105321/http://www.topnews.in/karan-johar-s-dharma-productions-ends-distribution-deal-yash-raj-films-2138048?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|url-status=live}}</ref> || 1998–2008 || Film distribution and home entertainment rights of all films produced by Dharma Productions (deal existed until the release of ''[[Dostana (2008 film)|Dostana]]'')<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rakesh Roshan|FilmKRAFT]]<ref>{{cite web|title=FilmKRAFT YRF|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/will-rakesh-roshans-gamble-to-release-krrish-3-on-diwali-sunday-pay-off/?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|publisher=Top News|access-date=30 May 2010|archive-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610121417/http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/will-rakesh-roshans-gamble-to-release-krrish-3-on-diwali-sunday-pay-off/?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|url-status=live}}</ref> || 2000–2008 || Theatrical and home entertainment rights to all films produced under the FilmKRAFT banner (deal existed until the release of ''[[Krazzy 4]]'')<br />
|-<br />
| [[Disney]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Disney YRF|date=11 June 2007|url=http://www.movieweb.com/news/walt-disney-studios-teams-up-with-yash-raj-films-to-create-computer-animated-feature-films?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|publisher=MovieWeb|access-date=30 May 2010}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> || 2006–2008 || 3-film (''Ta Ra Rum Pum'', ''Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic'' and ''Roadside Romeo'') co-production agreement with [[Disney|Walt Disney Studios]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[IMAX Corporation|The IMAX Corporation]]<ref>{{cite web|title=IMAX YRF|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/bollywood/news/a465664/yash-raj-films-imax-to-release-shekhar-kapurs-paani.html?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|publisher=MovieWeb|access-date=30 May 2010}}</ref> || 2012–present || Multi film co-production agreement for releasing films such as ''Dhoom 3'', ''Thugs of Hindostan'', ''War'', ''Shamshera'', ''Pathaan'', ''Tiger 3'', and ''War 2'' in the [[IMAX Corporation|IMAX]] format.<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dolby Laboratories]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Dolby YRF|url=http://investor.dolby.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=794847?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|publisher=The Investor|access-date=30 May 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> || rowspan="3" | 2013–present || Multi-film co-production agreement for all YRF projects ({{as of|2013|October|lc=y}})<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nikkatsu|The Nikkatsu Corporation]]<ref name="Nikkatsu YRF">{{cite web|title=Nikkatsu YRF|url=http://www.bollywoodtrade.com/trade-news/yrf-ties-up-with-japans-oldest-studio-nikkatsu-corporation/index.htm?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131227113007/http://www.bollywoodtrade.com/trade-news/yrf-ties-up-with-japans-oldest-studio-nikkatsu-corporation/index.htm?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 December 2013|publisher=Bollywood Trade|access-date=30 May 2010}}</ref> || 3-film exclusive distribution agreement for ''Ek Tha Tiger'', ''Jab Tak Hai Jaan'' and ''Dhoom 3'' in the [[Japan]]ese market<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dell|Dell Inc.]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Dell INC YRF|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-11-11/news/43930082_1_yrf-storage-solution-platforms?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|publisher=Bollywood Trade|access-date=30 May 2010|archive-date=9 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109105321/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-11-11/news/43930082_1_yrf-storage-solution-platforms?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|url-status=dead}}</ref> || [[joint venture|Joint Venture]] agreement with Dell Computers for digitization and electronic re-distribution of the entire YRF Library up to [[Fiscal year]] 2015<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dibakar Banerjee|Dibakar Banerjee Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Dibakar banerjee YRF|url=http://dearcinema.com/news/yash-raj-to-co-produce-3-films-with-dibakar-banerjee/3805?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|publisher=Bollywood Trade|access-date=30 May 2010|archive-date=25 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625145041/https://dearcinema.com/news/yash-raj-to-co-produce-3-films-with-dibakar-banerjee/3805?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA==|url-status=live}}</ref> || 2013–2015 || 3-film (''Titli'', ''Detective Byomkesh Bakshy'', ''Sandeep Aur Pinky Faraar'') co-production agreement for feature films to be directed by Dibakar Banerjee and his assistant Kanu Behl.<br />
|-<br />
| [[Red Chillies Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/article/companies/red-chillies-and-yrf-join-hands-for-distribution-of-happy-new-year-114032400308_1.html | title=Red Chillies and YRF join hands for distribution of Happy New Year }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/exclusive-yash-raj-films-to-distribute-shah-rukh-khans-zero-in-the-overseas-belt/ | title=EXCLUSIVE: Yash Raj Films to Distribute Shah Rukh Khan's Zero in the Overseas Belt! | date=25 September 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/jawan-becomes-the-first-indian-film-to-cross-16-million-in-the-middle-east-2714444 | title='Jawan' becomes the first Indian film to cross $16 million in the Middle East }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-dunki-to-release-on-december-21-in-international-markets-srk-and-rajkumar-hirani-have-big-plans-1246136%3famp | title=EXCLUSIVE: Dunki to release on December 21 in international markets; SRK and Rajkumar Hirani have BIG plans | access-date=19 April 2025 | archive-date=1 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001115238/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-dunki-to-release-on-december-21-in-international-markets-srk-and-rajkumar-hirani-have-big-plans-1246136?amp | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
|| 2014–present || Theatrical film distribution of multiple films<br />
|-<br />
| [[Luv Films]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Luv Films join hands with Yash Raj Films for worldwide distribution |url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/article/news-ani/luv-films-join-hands-with-yash-raj-films-for-worldwide-distribution-119120700711_1.html |access-date=2024-12-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-16 |title=Tu Jhoothi Main Makkaar to have one of the biggest showcasing for the trailer, gets hard lock attached with Pathaan |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/tu-jhoothi-main-makkaar-to-have-one-of-the-biggest-showcasing-for-the-trailer-gets-hard-lock-attached-with-pathaan-11996572.html |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref>|| rowspan="2" | 2019–present || Theatrical film distribution of multiple films<br />
|-<br />
| [[Star India]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Yash Raj Films moves from Sony to Star Network; reportedly signs Rs. 500 cr deal with television major?|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/yash-raj-films-moves-sony-star-network-reportedly-signs-rs-500-cr-deal-television-major/|access-date=2019-08-03|website=Bollywoodhungama|language=en-us}}</ref> || Exclusive satellite rights of all films produced under the YRF banner<br />
|-<br />
| [[Amazon Prime Video]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Yash Raj Films, Amazon Prime Video Ink Major Deal Regarding ‘Jayeshbhai Jordaar,’ ‘Bunty Aur Babli 2’|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/swetakaushal/2021/10/29/yash-raj-films-amazon-prime-video-ink-major-deal-regarding-jayeshbhai-jordaar-shamshera-bunty-aur-babli-2-prithviraj/|access-date=2021-10-29|website=Forbes|language=en-us}}</ref> || 2016–2025 || Exclusive streaming rights of all films produced under the YRF banner<br />
|-<br />
| [[Netflix]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://about.netflix.com/news/netflix-and-yash-raj-films-come-together-to-forge-iconic-partnership-and|title=Netflix and Yash Raj Films Come Together to Forge Iconic Partnership and Define a New Era of Storytelling in India|website=About Netflix}}</ref> || 2025–present (films) || Exclusive streaming rights of web series and films produced under YRF Entertainment, the streaming division of YRF. <br />
|-<br />
| Posham Pa Pictures<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2024-12-10 |title=India's Yash Raj Films Teams With Posham Pa Pictures for Theatrical Slate (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/yash-raj-films-posham-pa-pictures-theatrical-slate-1236244159/ |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=Variety |language=en-US}} </ref>|| 2024–present || Theatrical films co-production<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{Official website}}<br />
<br />
{{Film Studios in India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Yash Raj Films| ]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Film production companies based in Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1970]]<br />
[[Category:Film distributors of India]]<br />
[[Category:Film production companies of India]]<br />
[[Category:International sales agents]]<br />
[[Category:Producers who won the Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment National Film Award]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Long_Drive_(film)&diff=513558Long Drive (film)2026-03-27T13:17:08Z<p>Priyupranav: starting data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian Kannada-language romantic film}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Long Drive<br />
| image = Long Drive (film).jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| writer = Sri Raju G<br />
| producer = Manjunath Gowda BR <br />
| director = Sri Raju G<br />
| starring = Arjun Yogesh Raj<br /> Supritha Sathyanarayan <br /> Tejaswini Shekhar<br />
| music = Vikas Vassishta<br />
| cinematography = Kitty Koushik<br />
| editing = Ramisetty Pavan<br />
| studio = Goodwheel Production<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|02|10}}<br />
| distributor = Abhijit Enterprises<br />
| runtime = 110.12 minutes<ref name=toi /><br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Kannada<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = long drive<br />
| type = soundtrack<br />
| artist = Vikas Vasishta<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = 2023<br />
| recorded = 2022<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length =<br />
| label = [[Lahari Music]]<br />
| producer =<br />
| prev_title = <br />
| prev_year = <br />
| next_title = <br />
| next_year = <br />
| misc = {{External media<br />
| audio1 = {{YouTube|IzNf4HIXqU0|Official Audio Jukebox}}<br />
}}}}<br />
<br />
''''' Long Drive''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Kannada]]-language film written and directed by Sri Raju G, and produced by Manjunath Gowda BR under Goodwheel Production. The film stars Arjun [[Yogesh Raj]] Supritha Sathyanarayan and Tejaswini Shekhar, with a music score by Vikas Vassishta.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Y Maheswara Reddy|date=Feb 10, 2023 |title=Long Drive Movie Review: Of youthful meanderings |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/long-drive-movie-review-of-youthful-meanderings/articleshow/97783432.cms |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref> It was released in India on 10 February 2023.<ref name=toi>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/long-drive/movieshow/95851221.cms|title=Long Drive Movie Review: Long Drive: A breezy journey<br />
|work=The Times of India|access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref><ref name=toe>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/feb/08/long-drive-is-a-romantic-thriller-39768.html|title=Long Drive is a romantic thriller|work=Indian express|access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Long Drive: ನೈಜ ಘಟನೆಯ ಲಾಂಗ್ ಡ್ರೈವ್: ಪ್ರತಿದಿನ ನಡೆಯುವ ಘಟನೆಗಳೇ ಈ ಸಿನಿಮಾ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/sriraj-directorial-kannada-movie-long-drive-features-arjun-yogi-supritha-sathyanarayan-in-lead-role/articleshow/92336172.cms |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn}}</ref> The Long Drive was edited by Ramisetty Pavan who edited the state award winning movie [[Shuddhi (2017 film)|Shuddhi]]<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
The film is about a software engineer from [[Bangalore]], named Arjun and his girlfriend, Dr Janaki.<br />
<br />
Dr Janaki wanted to go on a date for a long drive with her boyfriend Arjun on his birthday <br />
where they encounter Mani who captures their intimate moment and threatens them to share it on Social media.<br />
<br />
Both Dr Janaki and Arjun are Torcher and Harassed for Money. Arjun's mobile battery was down to transfer funds to Mani so Many take him to his form house to charge his mobile. Mani tries to make a move on Janaki when Arjun is away and in front of him. meanwhile, the other two of Mani's associates Bala(an auto driver) and [[Shiva]] join Mani in his form house and harass both Arjun and Janaki finally after receiving some money Mani leaves bother of them. now couples move back to their place without talking. Janki scolds him badly saying the way he behaved like a beggar rather than fighting for justice.<br />
<br />
with Jankasi's insult, Arjun goes back to the place where the incident happened where he first meet Bala since Arujin was masked Bala dint recognise him and takes him to one no man's location and beat Bala badly later gets the details about Mani and that today is mani marriage anniversary so he goes as Mani driver and picks Mani's daughter and wife to Manis Adda (his secret hangout spot ) and call mani to the same place and harass him and tells about him to his wife and a big fight happens and he leaves from the place<br />
<br />
In the end, Mani is a changed man who guides the couples, not to Rome around isolated places like this everyone will not be as good as Mani.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
* Arjun Yogesh Raj as Arjun<br />
* Supritha Sathyanarayan as Dr Janaki<br />
* Tejaswini Shekar as Meera<br />
* Manjunath Gowda B.R. as Mani<br />
* [[Bala Rajwadi]] as Bala<br />
* Keerthi Gym as Suri<br />
* Guru Mahesh as Shiva<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
==Release and reception==<br />
''Long Drive'' was released on 10 February 2023 in India.<ref name=toi /><br />
<br />
Reviewing ''Long Drive'' for [[The Times of India]], Harish Basavarajaiah, gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and praising the realism of the story, Arjun Yogi has delivered an even performance, representing the youth. With the right choice of films, he is likely to join the chocolate heroes of Sandalwood. Manjunath is impressive as a rugged villain in his first attempt. Supritha and Tejaswini have done a good job. The movie has limited roles, which is also its biggest plus. Director Sriraj, in his debut attempt, has chosen to tell a story that is common in society. It has translated well on screen. Kitty Koushik's cinematography and music by Vikas Vasishta complement the stories... ".<ref name=toi /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb title|tt21211580}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2023 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reggae&diff=461639Reggae2026-03-26T22:25:54Z<p>Priyupranav: added info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Music genre}}<br />
{{about|the music genre|other uses}}<br />
{{distinguish|Reggaeton}}<br />
{{Infobox music genre<br />
| name = Reggae<br />
| image = Bob-Marley.jpg<br />
| caption = Reggae artist [[Bob Marley]] in 1980<br />
| stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[Mento]]|[[Calypso music|calypso]]|[[Nyabinghi rhythm|nyabinghi]]|<br />
[[Rhythm and blues|R&B]]|[[jazz]]|[[ska]]|[[rocksteady]]}}<br />
| cultural_origins = Late-1960s [[Jamaica]], particularly [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]<br />
| derivatives = {{hlist|[[Dancehall]]|[[Dub music|dub]]|[[new wave music|new wave]]|[[ragga]]|[[Jungle music|jungle]]|[[drum and bass]]}}<br />
| subgenrelist = Reggae genres<br />
| subgenres = * [[Roots reggae]]<br />
* [[lovers rock]]<br />
* [[reggae en Español]]<br />
| fusiongenres = * [[Reggaeton]]<br />
* [[reggae fusion]]<br />
* [[seggae]]<br />
* [[2 Tone (music genre)|2 tone]]<br />
* [[samba reggae]]<br />
* [[reggaestep]]<br />
| regional_scenes = * [[African reggae|Africa]]<br />
* [[Australian reggae|Australia]]<br />
* [[Music of Guyana|Guyana]]<br />
* [[Japanese reggae|Japan]]<br />
* [[Reggae music in Kenya|Kenya]]<br />
* [[New Zealand reggae|New Zealand]]<br />
* [[Nigerian reggae|Nigeria]]<br />
* [[Reggae en Español|Panama]]<br />
* [[Pinoy reggae|Philippines]]<br />
* [[Polish reggae|Poland]]<br />
* [[Music of Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad and Tobago]]<br />
* [[British reggae|United Kingdom]]<br />
* [[Music of United States|United States]]<br />
| local_scenes = <br />
| other_topics = * [[Music of Jamaica]]<br />
* [[list of reggae musicians]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox intangible heritage<br />
| ICH = Reggae music of Jamaica<br />
| State Party = Jamaica<br />
| ID = 01398<br />
| Region = LAC<br />
| Year = 2018<br />
| Session = 13th<br />
| List = Representative<br />
}}<br />
{{Music of Jamaica}}<br />
<br />
'''Reggae''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɛ|g|eɪ|audio=En-us-reggae.ogg}}) is a [[music genre]] that originated in [[Jamaica]] in the late 1960s. The term also refers to the modern popular [[music of Jamaica]] and its [[Jamaican diaspora|diaspora]].<ref>Stephen Davis. "Reggae." ''Grove Music Online''. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 16 February 2016.</ref> The 1968 single by [[Toots and the Maytals]] titled "[[Do the Reggay]]" was the first popular song to use the word ''reggae'', effectively naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience.<ref>{{cite web |title=Frederick "Toots" Hibbert Biography |url=http://www.biography.com/people/frederick-toots-hibbert-10673303#acclaimed-musician |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809204903/http://www.biography.com/people/frederick-toots-hibbert-10673303#acclaimed-musician |archive-date=9 August 2016 |website=Biography.com |access-date=2 July 2016}}</ref><br />
==Origins and influences==<br />
Reggae developed from earlier Jamaican genres including [[mento]], [[ska]], and [[rocksteady]], and is rooted in traditional drumming styles such as Kumina, Pukkumina, Revival Zion, Nyabinghi, and burru.<ref name="Return of Reggae">{{cite news |author=Nettleford |first=Rex |date=Spring 1994 |title=Rex Nettleford: A Voice From the Caribbean |url=https://www.caribbean-beat.com/issue-9/rex-nettleford-voice-caribbean#axzz8bWmj5QLA |newspaper=[[Caribbean Beat]]}}</ref> It incorporates elements of [[rhythm and blues]], [[jazz]], [[Calypso music|calypso]], mento (a rural folk form that served as dance music and an alternative to church singing), and traditional African folk rhythms.<ref name="Grove Music Online">{{cite book|author=Stephen Davis |title=Reggae |publisher=The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz |edition= second }}</ref><ref>Anderson, Rick. "Reggae Music: A History and Selective Discography”. ''Notes'' 61.1 (2004): 206–214.</ref><br />
<br />
==Musical characteristics==<br />
Reggae is distinguished by a slower tempo than ska or rocksteady, a strong emphasis on the downbeat in the drum and bass, and short, staccato guitar or piano chords on the offbeat. The [[bass guitar]] plays a central role, with a thick, heavy tone and the high frequencies reduced to accentuate the low end. Call-and-response patterns are common, and the rhythm section often uses the bass as a percussion instrument, a feature carried over from rocksteady.<ref>Wilton, Peter. "reggae." ''The Oxford Companion to Music''. Ed. Alison Latham. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 16 February 2016.</ref> Notable rhythm players include [[Jackie Jackson (bassist)|Jackie Jackson]], [[Carlton Barrett]], [[Lloyd Brevett]], [[Paul Douglas (musician)|Paul Douglas]], [[Lloyd Knibb]], [[Winston Grennan]], [[Sly Dunbar]], and Anthony "Benbow" Creary.<ref>{{cite news |last=Campbell |first=Howard |date=16 March 2012 |title=Jackie Jackson: Bass player extraordinaire |newspaper=[[Jamaica Observer]] |url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/Jackie-Jackson--Bass-player-extraordinaire |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206002617/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/Jackie-Jackson--Bass-player-extraordinaire |archive-date=6 February 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
Vocals are often delivered in [[Jamaican Patois]], [[Jamaican English]], or [[Iyaric]]. Lyrical themes range from political and social commentary to religion, love, and leisure activities.<ref>{{cite news|author=Ben Ratliff |title=It's About New Beginnings And Keeping the Faith |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=20 September 1999}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Cultural connections==<br />
Reggae is closely associated with [[Rastafari]], an [[Afrocentrism|Afrocentric]] religion that emerged in Jamaica in the 1930s promoting [[pan-Africanism]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Warner |first=Keith Q. |date=1988 |title=Calypso, reggae, and Rastafarianism: Authentic Caribbean voices |journal=Popular Music and Society |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=53–62 |doi=10.1080/03007768808591306}}</ref> From the 1970s onwards, its international success helped to spread Rastafarian beliefs, with musicians often seen as cultural messengers and agents of change.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Davis |first=Stephen |title=Reggae Bloodlines: In Search of the Music and Culture of Jamaica |publisher=Da Capo Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-0306804960}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Global spread==<br />
Reggae has reached audiences worldwide, often fusing with other genres and incorporating local instruments. In Latin America, [[reggae en Español]] originated in Panama before spreading to Venezuela and across South America. In the United Kingdom, Caribbean music, including reggae, has been popular since the late 1960s, spawning several subgenres and fusions, with many reggae artists beginning their careers there. European musicians have also drawn heavily on Jamaican and Caribbean traditions. In Africa, the genre's profile was boosted by the visit of [[Bob Marley]] to Zimbabwe in 1980.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The 1967 edition of the ''Dictionary of [[Jamaican English]]'' lists ''reggae'' as "a recently estab. sp. for ''rege''", as in ''rege-rege'', a word that can mean either "rags, ragged clothing" or "a quarrel, a row".<ref>1967, ''Dictionary of Jamaican English'', {{ISBN|9789766401276}}</ref> ''Reggae'' as a musical term first appeared in print with the 1968 [[rocksteady]] hit "[[Do the Reggay]]" by [[Toots & the Maytals|the Maytals]] which named the genre.<br />
<br />
Reggae historian [[Steve Barrow]] credits [[Clancy Eccles]] with altering the [[Jamaican patois]] word ''streggae'' (loose woman) into ''reggae''.<ref name=NiceupHistory/> However, [[Toots Hibbert]] said:<br />
<blockquote><br />
There's a word we used to use in Jamaica called "streggae". If a girl is walking and the guys look at her and say "Man, she's streggae" it means she don't dress well, she look raggedy. The girls would say that about the men too. This one morning me and my two friends were playing and I said, "OK man, let's do the reggay." It was just something that came out of my mouth. So we just start singing "Do the reggay, do the reggay" and created a beat. People tell me later that we had given the sound its name. Before that people had called it blue-beat and all kind of other things. Now it's in the Guinness World of Records.<ref>Sturges, Fiona (2004) "[https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/frederick-toots-hibbert-the-reggae-king-of-kingston-731003.html Frederick "Toots" Hibbert: The reggae king of Kingston] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424021153/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/frederick-toots-hibbert-the-reggae-king-of-kingston-731003.html |date=2009-04-24 }}", ''[[The Independent]]'', 4 June 2004, retrieved 11 December 2009; cf. many similar statements by Hibbert in recent years. In earlier interviews, Hibbert used to claim the derivation was from English 'regular', in reference to the beat.</ref></blockquote><br />
<br />
[[Bob Marley]] said that the word ''reggae'' came from a Spanish term for "the king's music".<ref>{{cite book|title=Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley|author=Timothy White|page=16|publisher=Owl Books, U.S.|edition=Revised|date=3 July 2006|isbn=978-0805080865}}</ref> The liner notes of ''To the King'', a compilation of Christian [[Gospel music|gospel]] reggae, suggest that the word ''reggae'' was derived from the Latin {{lang|la|regi}} meaning 'to the king'.<ref name="McAlpine, 2018">{{cite news |last1=McAlpine |first1=Fraser |title=The unexpected origins of music's most well-used terms – BBC Music |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/articles/dc64e24d-c4e7-4e34-b2f7-e34a00ea16ad |access-date=28 May 2019 |work=www.bbc.co.uk |publisher=BBC |date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126010742/https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/articles/dc64e24d-c4e7-4e34-b2f7-e34a00ea16ad |archive-date=26 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
===Precursors===<br />
<br />
Reggae's direct origins are in the [[ska]] and [[rocksteady]] of 1960s Jamaica, strongly influenced by traditional Caribbean [[mento]] and [[calypso music]], as well as American [[jazz]] and [[rhythm and blues]]. Ska was originally a generic title for Jamaican music recorded between 1961 and 1967 and emerged from Jamaican R&B, which was based largely on American R&B and doo-wop.<ref>"Ska." ''Encyclopedia of Popular Music'', 4th ed. Ed. Colin Larkin. ''Oxford Music Online''. Oxford University Press. Web. 16 February 2016.</ref> Rastafari entered some countries primarily through reggae music; thus, the movement in these places is more stamped by its origins in reggae music and social milieu.<ref>Salter, Richard C.. "Sources and Chronology in Rastafari Origins". ''Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions'' 9.1 (2005): 5–31.</ref> The [[Rastafari movement]] was a significant influence on reggae, with [[Rastafarian|Rasta]] drummers like [[Count Ossie]] taking part in seminal recordings.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zqKqiSGzxQUC&pg=PA42 |title=Cut 'N' Mix: Culture, Identity, and Caribbean Music By Dick Hebdige |access-date=18 June 2013 |isbn=9780415058759 |last1=Hebdige |first1=Dick |year=1987 |publisher=Routledge |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101113902/https://books.google.com/books?id=zqKqiSGzxQUC&pg=PA42 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> One of the predecessors of reggae drumming is the [[Nyabinghi rhythm]], a style of ritual drumming performed as a communal meditative practice in Rastafarian culture.<ref>{{cite book|author=Leonard Joseph McCarthy |title=The significance of corporeal factors and choreographic rhythms in Jamaican popular music between 1957—1981 (Ska, Rocksteady, Reggae), with an historical and critical survey of all relevant literature dealing with Jamaican folk, religious and popular musics and dance |date=2007|page=151}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the latter half of the 20th century, [[Phonograph|phonograph records]] became of central importance to the Jamaican music industry, playing a significant cultural and economic role in the development of reggae music.<ref name="thevinylfactory.com">{{Cite web|url=http://thevinylfactory.com/features/from-the-vaults-the-20-best-reggae-7s-ever-made/|title=From the vaults: The 20 best reggae 7"s ever made – The Vinyl Factory|website=Thevinylfactory.com|language=en-US|access-date=17 March 2017|date=22 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318000346/http://thevinylfactory.com/features/from-the-vaults-the-20-best-reggae-7s-ever-made/|archive-date=18 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> "In the early 1950s, Jamaican entrepreneurs began issuing 78s"<ref name="thevinylfactory.com"/> but this format would soon be superseded by the 7" single, first released in 1949.<ref>{{cite news |last=Britt |first=Bruce |date=10 August 1989 |title=The 45-rpm single will soon be history |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=H1tWAAAAIBAJ&pg=6991%2C6756292 |newspaper=Spokesman-Review |agency=Los Angeles Daily News |page=C4 |access-date=31 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315061248/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=H1tWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7u8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6991%2C6756292 |archive-date=15 March 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1951 the first recordings of mento music were released as singles and showcased two styles of mento: an acoustic rural style, and a jazzy pop style.<ref>Garnice, Michael. "Bob Marley and the Wailers' Mento Roots." Beat 25.2 (2006): p.50.</ref> Other 7" singles to appear in Jamaica around this time were covers of popular American R&B hits, made by Kingston [[Sound system (Jamaican)|sound system]] operators to be played at public dances.<ref name="thevinylfactory.com"/> Meanwhile, Jamaican [[expatriate]]s started issuing 45s on small independent labels in the United Kingdom, many mastered directly from Jamaican 45s.<ref name="thevinylfactory.com"/><br />
<br />
Ska arose in Jamaican studios in the late 1950s, developing from this mix of American R&B, [[mento]] and [[calypso music]].<ref name=NiceupHistory>{{cite web |url=http://niceup.com/history/ja_music_59-73.html |title=History of Jamaican Music 1953–1973 |website=Niceup.com |access-date=18 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807120821/http://niceup.com/history/ja_music_59-73.html |archive-date=7 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Notable for its jazz-influenced horn riffs, ska is characterized by a quarter note [[walking bass]] line, guitar and piano [[On-beat|offbeats]], and a drum pattern with cross-stick snare and bass drum on the backbeat and open hi-hat on the offbeats. When Jamaica gained independence in 1962, ska became the music of choice for young Jamaicans seeking music that was their own. Ska also became popular among [[mod (subculture)|mods]] in Britain.<br />
<br />
In the mid-1960s, ska gave rise to [[rocksteady]], a genre slower than ska featuring more romantic lyrics and less prominent horns.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://secure.pqarchiver.com/boston/doc/405360219.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+10%2C+2000&author=Muther%2C+Christopher&pub=Boston+Globe&edition=&startpage=11&desc=THE+BEAT+GOES+ON+SKA+AND+REGGAE+SCENE+SERVES+UP+SOUNDS+TO+SUIT+EVERY+TASTE |title=The Beat Goes on Ska and Reggae Scene Serves up Sounds to Suit Every Taste |website=secure.pqarchiver.com |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422035344/https://secure.pqarchiver.com/boston/doc/405360219.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+10%2C+2000&author=Muther%2C+Christopher&pub=Boston+Globe&edition=&startpage=11&desc=THE+BEAT+GOES+ON+SKA+AND+REGGAE+SCENE+SERVES+UP+SOUNDS+TO+SUIT+EVERY+TASTE |archive-date=22 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Theories abound as to why Jamaican musicians slowed the ska tempo to create rocksteady; one is that the singer [[Hopeton Lewis]] was unable to sing his hit song "Take It Easy" at a ska tempo.<ref name=NiceupHistory/> The name "rocksteady" was codified after the release of a single by [[Alton Ellis]]. Many rocksteady rhythms later were used as the basis of reggae recordings, whose slower tempos allowed for the "double skank" guitar strokes on the offbeat.<br />
<br />
===Emergence in Jamaica===<br />
Reggae developed from [[ska]] and [[rocksteady]] in the late 1960s. Larry And Alvin's "Nanny Goat" and the Beltones' "No More Heartaches" were among the songs in the genre. The beat was distinctive from rocksteady in that it dropped any of the pretensions to the smooth, soulful sound that characterized slick American R&B, and instead was closer in kinship to US southern funk, being heavily dependent on the rhythm section to drive it along. Reggae's great advantage was its almost limitless flexibility: from the early, jerky sound of Lee Perry's "People Funny Boy", to the uptown sounds of Third World's "Now That We've Found Love", it was an enormous leap through the years and styles, yet both are instantly recognizable as reggae.<ref>"Reggae." ''Encyclopedia of Popular Music'', 4th ed. Ed. Colin Larkin. ''Oxford Music Online''. Oxford University Press. Web. 16 February 2016.</ref> The shift from rocksteady to reggae was illustrated by the organ [[Swung note|shuffle]] pioneered by Jamaican musicians like [[Jackie Mittoo]] and Winston Wright and featured in transitional singles "Say What You're Saying" (1968) by [[Eric "Monty" Morris]] and "People Funny Boy" (1968) by [[Lee "Scratch" Perry]].{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}<br />
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[[File:Jimmy Cliff - Festival du Bout du Monde 2012 - 011.jpg|thumb|[[Jimmy Cliff]]]]<br />
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Early 1968 was when the first ''bona fide'' reggae records were released: "Nanny Goat" by [[Larry Marshall (singer)|Larry Marshall]] and "No More Heartaches" by the Beltones. That same year, the newest Jamaican sound began to spawn big-name imitators in other countries. American artist [[Johnny Nash]]'s 1968 hit "[[Hold Me Tight (Johnny Nash song)|Hold Me Tight]]" has been credited with first putting reggae in the American listener charts. Around the same time, reggae influences were starting to surface in [[rock music|rock]] and [[pop music]]; one example is 1968's "[[Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da]]" by [[the Beatles]].<ref>Kevin O'Brien Chang, 1998, ''Reggae Routes'', p. 44.</ref><br />
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[[The Wailers (1963–1974 band)|The Wailers]], a band started by [[Bob Marley]], [[Peter Tosh]] and [[Bunny Wailer]] in 1963, is perhaps the most recognized band that made the transition through all three stages of early Jamaican popular music: ska, rocksteady and reggae. Over a dozen Wailers songs are based on or use a line from Jamaican mento songs. Other significant ska artists who made the leap to reggae include [[Prince Buster]], [[Desmond Dekker]], [[Ken Boothe]], and [[Millie Small]], best known for her 1964 blue-beat/ska [[cover version]] of "[[My Boy Lollipop]]" which was a smash hit internationally.<ref name="amg">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/millie-small-mn0000489606/biography|title=Millie Small – Biography & History – AllMusic|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=9 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308231443/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/millie-small-mn0000489606/biography|archive-date=8 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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Notable Jamaican producers influential in the development of ska into rocksteady and reggae include: [[Coxsone Dodd]], [[Lee "Scratch" Perry]], [[Leslie Kong]], [[Duke Reid]], [[Joe Gibbs (record producer)|Joe Gibbs]] and [[King Tubby]]. [[Chris Blackwell]], who founded [[Island Records]] in Jamaica in 1960,<ref>Sexton, Paul. "A Legend in His Own Time." Billboard – The International Newsweekly of Music, Video and Home Entertainment 113.39 (29 Sep 2001): p. C-8.</ref> relocated to England in 1962, where he continued to promote Jamaican music. He formed a partnership with [[Lee Gopthal]]'s [[Trojan Records]] in 1968, which released reggae in the UK until bought by Saga records in 1974.<br />
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===International popularity===<br />
[[File:PeterToshWithRobbieShakespeare1978.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.75|Peter Tosh with Robbie Shakespeare, 1978]]<br />
Reggae's influence bubbled to the top of the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] charts in late 1972. First [[Three Dog Night]] hit No. 1 in September with a cover of [[the Maytones]]' version of "[[Black and White (Three Dog Night song)|Black and White]]". Then [[Johnny Nash]] was at No. 1 for four weeks in November with "[[I Can See Clearly Now]]". [[Paul Simon]]'s single "[[Mother And Child Reunion]]" – a track which he recorded in Kingston, Jamaica with [[Jimmy Cliff]]'s backing group – was ranked by Billboard as the No. 57 song of 1972.<br />
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In 1972, the film ''[[The Harder They Come]]'' starring [[Jimmy Cliff]] was released and introduced Jamaican music to cinema audiences outside Jamaica.<ref>Steffens, Roger. ‘The Harder They Come: 30 Years After.” The Beat 22.1 (2003): p. 36</ref> Though the film achieved cult status, its limited appeal meant that it had a smaller impact than [[Eric Clapton]]'s 1974 cover of Bob Marley's "[[I Shot the Sheriff]]" which made it onto the playlists of mainstream rock and pop radio stations worldwide. However, the film's hit [[The Harder They Come (soundtrack)|soundtrack]], which debuted in North America in February 1973, is considered to have "brought reggae to the world."<ref>{{cite book |first=Colin |last=Larkin |author-link=Colin Larkin|year=1998 |title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of Reggae |publisher=Virgin Books |isbn=0-7535-0242-9 }}</ref> In addition, Clapton's "I Shot the Sheriff" used modern rock production and recording techniques and faithfully retained most of the original reggae elements; it was a breakthrough pastiche devoid of any parody and played an important part in bringing the music of Bob Marley to a wider rock audience.<ref name=NiceupHistory/> However, the film's hit [[The Harder They Come (soundtrack)|soundtrack]], which debuted in North America in February 1973, is considered to have "brought reggae to the world."<ref>{{cite book |first=Colin |last=Larkin |author-link=Colin Larkin|year=1998 |title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of Reggae |publisher=Virgin Books |isbn=0-7535-0242-9 }}</ref> By the mid-1970s, authentic reggae dub plates and specials were getting some exposure in the UK on [[John Peel]]'s radio show, who promoted the genre for the rest of his career.<ref>Gaar, Gillian G. "The Beat goes on." Goldmine 38.14 (Dec 2012): p. 26-29</ref> Around the same time, British filmmaker [[Jeremy Marre]] documented the Jamaican music scene in ''Roots Rock Reggae'', capturing the heyday of [[Roots reggae]].<ref>RHYTHM OF RESISTANCE ROOTS, ROCK, REGGAE SALSA KONKOMBE<br />
The Beat8.3 (1989): 59–62.</ref><br />
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While the quality of Reggae records produced in Jamaica took a turn for the worse following the oil crisis of the 1970s, reggae produced elsewhere began to flourish.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20120219/cleisure/cleisure4.html|title=Oil prices under threat|website=Jamaica-gleaner.com|language=en|access-date=17 March 2017|date=19 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318002454/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20120219/cleisure/cleisure4.html|archive-date=18 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="thevinylfactory.com"/> In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the UK [[punk rock]] scene flourished, and reggae was a notable influence. The DJ [[Don Letts]] would play reggae and punk tracks at clubs such as [[The Roxy (London)|The Roxy]]. Punk bands such as [[the Clash]], [[the Ruts]], [[the Members]], [[the Police]] and [[the Slits]] played many reggae-influenced songs. Around the same time, reggae music took a new path in the UK; one that was created by the multiracial makeup of England's inner cities and exemplified by groups like [[Steel Pulse]], [[Aswad (band)|Aswad]] and [[UB40]], as well as artists such as [[Smiley Culture]] and [[Carroll Thompson]]. The Jamaican ghetto themes in the lyrics were replaced with UK [[inner city]] themes, and Jamaican [[patois]] became intermingled with [[Cockney]] slang. In South London around this time, a new subgenre of [[lovers rock]], was being created. Unlike the Jamaican music of the same name which was mainly dominated by male artists such as [[Gregory Isaacs]], the South London genre was led by female singers like Thompson and [[Janet Kay]]. The UK Lovers Rock had a softer and more commercial sound. Other reggae artists who enjoyed international appeal in the early 1980s include [[Third World (band)|Third World]], [[Black Uhuru]] and [[Sugar Minott]]. The Grammy Awards introduced the [[Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album]] category in 1985.<br />
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[[File:Ruhr Reggae Summer Mülheim 2014 Tanya Stephens 04.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.7|[[Tanya Stephens]] in 2014 at a German Reggae festival]]<br />
Women also play a role in the reggae music industry personnel such as Olivia Grange, president of Specs-Shang Musik; Trish Farrell, president of Island/Jamaica; Lisa Cortes, president of Loose Cannon; Jamaican-American Sharon Gordon, who has worked in the independent reggae music industry.<ref>Oumano, E. (27 January 1996). Women increase number, scope of roles in reggae.''Billboard – the International Newsweekly of Music, Video and Home Entertainment, 108'', 1–1, 37.</ref><br />
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=== Reggae heritage ===<br />
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Jamaican Prime Minister [[Bruce Golding]] made February 2008 the first annual Reggae Month in Jamaica. To celebrate, the Recording Industry Association of Jamaica (RIAJam) held its first Reggae Academy Awards on 24 February 2008. In addition, Reggae Month included a six-day Global Reggae conference, a reggae film festival, two radio station award functions, and a concert tribute to the late Dennis Brown, who Bob Marley cited as his favorite singer. On the business side, RIAJam held events focused on reggae's employment opportunities and potential international revenue. .<ref>Meschino, P. (15 March 2008). Music: Reggae – reclaiming reggae revenue. ''Billboard – the International Newsweekly of Music, Video and Home Entertainment, 120'', 36.</ref> Reggae Month 2019 in Jamaica was welcomed with multiple events ranging from corporate reggae functions to major celebrations in honour of Bob Marley's Birthday on 6 February to a tribute concert in honour of Dennis Brown on 24 February along with a sold-out concert by 2019 Reggae Grammy nominated artiste Protoje for his A Matter of Time Live held at Hope Gardens in Kingston on 23 February.<br />
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In November 2018 "reggae music of Jamaica" was added to the [[UNESCO]]'s [[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists|Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]] the decision recognised reggae's "contribution to international discourse on issues of injustice, resistance, love and humanity underscores the dynamics of the element as being at once cerebral, socio-political, sensual and spiritual."<ref name="unesco" /><br />
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==== {{anchor|cod reggae}}Cod reggae ====<br />
The term '''cod reggae''' is popularly used to describe reggae done by non-Caribbean people, often in a disparaging manner because of perceived [[Authenticity in art|inauthenticity]]. [[Boy George]] has been described as "one of the great cod reggae artists of all time."<ref name="g-cod">{{cite news |last=Haynes |first=Gavin |date=26 October 2018 |title=Cod complex: why Boy George is one of 'inauthentic' reggae's all-time greats |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/oct/26/cod-complex-why-boy-george-is-one-of-inauthentic-reggaes-all-time-greats |url-status=live |access-date=7 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001143327/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/oct/26/cod-complex-why-boy-george-is-one-of-inauthentic-reggaes-all-time-greats |archive-date=1 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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==Musical characteristics==<br />
{{more citations needed section|date=April 2018}}<br />
[[File:Reggae double riff on D and Em64.png|thumb|right|upright=1.6|[[Skank guitar]] rhythm often considered "'the' reggae beat"<ref>Johnston, Richard (2004). ''How to Play Rhythm Guitar'', p.72. {{ISBN|0-87930-811-7}}.</ref>{{audio|Reggae double riff on D and Em64 straight.mid|Play straight}} or {{audio|Reggae double riff on D and Em64 shuffle.mid|Play shuffle}}.]]<br />
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Stylistically, reggae incorporates some of the musical elements of [[rhythm and blues]] (R&B), [[jazz]], [[mento]], [[calypso music|calypso]], African, and Latin American music, as well as other genres. Reggae scenes consist of two guitars, one for rhythm and one for lead—drums, congas, and keyboards, with a couple of vocalists.<ref>Lynn, V. M. (18 February 1973). Sound. ''Chicago Tribune''</ref><br />
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Reggae is played in [[time signature|{{music|time|4|4}} time]]; its repeating patterns of alternating stronger and weaker beats do not lend themselves to other time signatures such as {{music|time|3|4}}. One of the most easily recognizable elements is offbeat rhythms; staccato chords played by a guitar or piano (or both) on the offbeats of the measure, often referred to as the [[Ska stroke|skank]].<ref>Hombach, Jean-Pierre (2010). ''Bob Marley the Father of Music'', p.14. {{ISBN|9781471620454}}. "Reggae is most easily recognized by...the skank."</ref><br />
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This rhythmic pattern accents the second and fourth beats in each [[bar (music)|bar]] and combines with the drum's emphasis on beat three to create a unique sense of phrasing. The reggae offbeat can be counted so that it falls between each count as an "and" (example: 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and ... , etc.) or counted as a half-time feel at twice the tempo so it falls on beats 2 and 4. This is in contrast to the way most other popular genres focus on beat one, the "downbeat".<ref>Levitin, Daniel J. (2006). ''[[This Is Your Brain On Music]]'', pp. 113–114 {{ISBN|978-0-452-28852-2}}.</ref><br />
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The tempo of reggae is usually slower than [[ska]] or [[rocksteady]].<ref name="All About Jazz">{{cite web |author=May |first=Chris |date=2009-10-01 |title=Various Artists &#124; Rocksteady: The Roots Of Reggae |url=http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article.php?id=34239 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202181642/http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article.php?id=34239 |archive-date=2012-02-02 |access-date=2012-05-29 |website=[[All About Jazz]]}}</ref> The slower tempo, the guitar/piano offbeats, the emphasis on the third beat, and the use of [[Syncopation|syncopated]], melodic bass lines differentiate reggae from other music, although other musical styles have incorporated some of these innovations.<br />
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===Drums and other percussion===<br />
[[File:One drop sixteenth-note pattern.png|thumb|right|230px|"One drop" sixteenth-note drum pattern]]<br />
[[File:SlyDunbar1979.png|thumb|left|Sly Dunbar]]<br />
Reggae drummers often involved these three tips for other reggae performers: (1) go for open, ringing tones when playing ska and rocksteady, (2) use any available material to stuff the bass drum so that it tightens up the kick to a deep, punchy thud, and (3) go without a ride cymbal, focusing on the hi-hat for timekeeping and thin crashes with fast decay for accents.<ref>Dawson, M. (2012, 08). Jamaican drum sounds. ''Modern Drummer, 36'', 70.</ref><br />
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===Bass===<br />
[[File:RobbieShakespeare1978.png|thumb|upright|Robbie Shakespeare in 1978]]<br />
[[File:Reggae Bass Line.jpg|thumb|right|280px|In this typical reggae bass line, the roots of the chords are emphasized, with musical interest created by going from the root down to the fifth of the chord. A dotted quarter note and eighth note rhythm is used repeatedly.]]<br />
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===Guitars===<br />
[[File:Al Anderson1978.png|thumb|upright=0.85|Al Anderson]]<br />
The [[guitar]] in reggae usually plays on the off beat of the rhythm. So if one is counting in {{music|time|4|4}} time and counting "1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and ...", one would play a downstroke on the "and" part of the beat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reggaeguitarlessons.com/|title=Reggae Guitar Lessons|website=Reggaeguitarlessons.com|access-date=9 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531070416/http://www.reggaeguitarlessons.com/|archive-date=31 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> A musical figure known as [[skank (guitar)|skank]] or the 'bang" has a very dampened, short and scratchy [[chop chord|chop]] sound, almost like a percussion instrument. Sometimes a double chop is used when the guitar still plays the off beats, but also plays the following eighth-note beats on the up-stroke. An example is the intro to "[[Stir It Up]]" by the Wailers. Artist and producer [[Derrick Harriott]] says, "What happened was the musical thing was real widespread, but only among a certain sort of people. It was always a down-town thing, but more than just hearing the music. The equipment was so powerful and the vibe so strong that we feel it."<ref>Bradley, Lloyd. ''This Is Reggae Music: The Story Of Jamaica's Music.'' New York : Grove Press, 2001</ref><br />
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===Keyboards===<br />
The reggae organ-shuffle is unique to reggae. In the original version of reggae, the drummer played a reggae groove that was used in the four bar introduction, allowing the piano to serve as a percussion instrument.<ref>Simon, A. (2006, Summer). Jazz piano stylings: A contemporary approach. ''Piano Today, 26'', 38.</ref><br />
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===Horns===<br />
The three-piece horn section, consisting of trumpet, trombone, and saxophone, creates harmonies that are distinctive of reggae music. Dub horn sections found with artists like [[John Brown's Body (band)|John Brown's Body]] create a soundscape that is unmistakable.<br />
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===Vocals===<br />
[[File:Ali Campbell at Raggamuffin 2009 cropped.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[UB40]]'s former frontman [[Ali Campbell]] performing in 2009]]<br />
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====Lyrical themes====<br />
Reggae is noted for its tradition of social criticism in its lyrics, although many reggae songs discuss lighter, more personal subjects, such as love and socializing. Many early reggae bands covered [[Motown]] or [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]] soul and [[funk]] songs. Some reggae lyrics attempt to raise the political consciousness of the audience, such as by criticizing [[Economic materialism|materialism]], or by informing the listener about controversial subjects such as [[apartheid]]. Many reggae songs promote the use of [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] (also known as ''herb'', ''ganja'', or ''[[sinsemilla]]''), considered a sacrament in the [[Rastafari#Reggae|Rastafari movement]]. There are many artists who utilize religious themes in their music – whether it be discussing a specific religious topic, or simply giving praise to God ([[Jah]]). Other common socio-political topics in reggae songs include [[black nationalism]], [[anti-racism]], anti-[[colonialism]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/HASH5cd4cf20c65d4a87ecfcf5 |title=The 1970's Reggae Revolution: resistance against Western Imperialism by Jeremie Kroubo-Dagnini |website=Manioc.org |date=21 January 2010 |access-date=18 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704024850/http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/HASH5cd4cf20c65d4a87ecfcf5 |archive-date=4 July 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[anti-capitalism]] and criticism of political systems and [[Rastafarian vocabulary#Other words|"Babylon"]].<br />
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In recent years, Jamaican (and non-Jamaican) reggae musicians have used more positive themes in reggae music. The music is widely considered a treasured cultural export for Jamaica, so musicians who still desire progress for their island nation have begun focusing on themes of hopefulness, faith, and love. For elementary children, reggae songs such as "Give a Little Love", "One Love", or "Three Little Birds", all written by Bob Marley, can be sung and enjoyed for their optimism and cheerful lyrics.<ref>Mills, Susan W. "Reggae For Standards-Based Music Learning." ''General Music Today'' 17.1 (2003): 11–17. ''Music Index''. Web. 15 February 2016.</ref><br />
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====Criticism of dancehall and reggae lyrics====<br />
{{See also|Stop Murder Music}}<br />
Some dancehall and ragga artists have been criticised for [[homophobia]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.towleroad.com/2007/06/reggae_stars_re.html |title=Reggae Stars Renounce Homophobia, Condemn Anti-gay Violence |website=Towleroad.com |date=13 June 2007 |access-date=18 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925105032/http://www.towleroad.com/2007/06/reggae_stars_re.html |archive-date=25 September 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> including threats of violence.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Most Homophobic Place on Earth?|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1182991,00.html|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=12 April 2006|access-date=18 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619081126/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1182991,00.html|archive-date=19 June 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Buju Banton]]'s song "Boom Bye-Bye" states that gays "haffi dead" (have to die). Other notable dancehall artists who have been accused of homophobia include [[Elephant Man (musician)|Elephant Man]], [[Bounty Killer]] and [[Beenie Man]]. The controversy surrounding anti-gay lyrics has led to the cancellation of UK tours by Beenie Man and Sizzla. Toronto, Canada has also seen the cancellation of concerts due to artists such as Elephant Man and Sizzla refusing to conform to similar censorship pressures.<ref>{{cite news |title=Reggae's Elephant Man nixed from Toronto concert |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/reggae-s-elephant-man-nixed-from-toronto-concert-1.864382 |work=CBC News |date=30 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dancehall.mobi/2009/04/09/sizzla-refuses-to-bow-toronto-show-cancelled/ |title=Sizzla Refuses To 'Bow' – Toronto Show Cancelled |website=Dancehall.mobi |access-date=18 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202221302/https://www.dancehall.mobi/2009/04/09/sizzla-refuses-to-bow-toronto-show-cancelled/ |archive-date=2 December 2013 }}</ref><br />
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After lobbying from the [[Stop Murder Music]] coalition, the dancehall music industry agreed in 2005 to stop releasing songs that promote hatred and violence against gay people.<ref>Flick, Larry, [https://web.archive.org/web/20050715235727/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1589/is_2005_April_12/ai_n13606969 "Gay vs. reggae: the reggae music industry makes changes in response to gay activists' protesting violently homophobic lyrics. The artists have no comment"], The Advocate, 12 April 2005</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/reggae%20industry%20to%20ban%20homophobia |title=Sizzl – Reggae Industry to Ban Homophobia |website=Contactmusic.com |date=8 February 2005 |access-date=18 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112152526/http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/reggae%20industry%20to%20ban%20homophobia |archive-date=12 January 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2007, Beenie Man, [[Sizzla]] and [[Capleton]] signed up to the Reggae Compassionate Act, in a deal brokered with top dancehall promoters and Stop Murder Music activists. They renounced homophobia and agreed to "not make statements or perform songs that incite hatred or violence against anyone from any community". Five artists targeted by the anti-homophobia campaign did not sign up to the act, including Elephant Man, [[T.O.K.|TOK]], Bounty Killa and [[Vybz Kartel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jamaicans.com/news/announcements/Reggaestarsrenouncehomophobia062007.shtml |title=Reggae stars renounce homophobia – Beenie Man, Sizzla and Capleton sign deal |website=Jamaicans.com |access-date=18 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429190141/http://www.jamaicans.com/news/announcements/Reggaestarsrenouncehomophobia062007.shtml |archive-date=29 April 2013 }}</ref> Buju Banton and Beenie Man both gained positive press coverage around the world for publicly renouncing homophobia by signing the Reggae Compassion Act. However, both of these artists have since denied any involvement in anti-homophobia work and both deny having signed any such act.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-5028.html/ |title=Peter Tatchell stands by Beenie Man and Banton signatures |website=PinkNews.co.uk |date=26 July 2007 |access-date=29 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629101413/http://www.pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-5028.html |archive-date=29 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
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==Global significance==<br />
{{more citations needed section|date=April 2018}}<br />
Reggae has spread to many countries around the world, often incorporating local instruments and fusing with other genres.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Jérémie Kroubo Dagnini|date=2010|title=The importance of Reggae music in the worldwide cultural universe|journal=Revue Études Caribéennes|volume=16|url=https://etudescaribeennes.revues.org/4740|access-date=22 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923004500/https://etudescaribeennes.revues.org/4740|archive-date=23 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2018 [[UNESCO]] added the "reggae music of Jamaica" to the [[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists|Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]].<ref name="unesco">{{cite web |title=Reggae music of Jamaica |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/reggae-music-of-jamaica-01398 |publisher=UNESCO Culture Sector |access-date=28 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129090119/https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/reggae-music-of-jamaica-01398 |archive-date=29 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/nov/29/un-adds-reggae-music-to-list-of-international-cultural-treasures|title=UN adds reggae music to list of international cultural treasures|last=Snapes|first=Laura|date=29 November 2018|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|access-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129205955/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/nov/29/un-adds-reggae-music-to-list-of-international-cultural-treasures|archive-date=29 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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===Americas===<br />
[[File:Coachella Toots and the Maytals.jpg|thumb|[[Toots and the Maytals]] performing at the 2017 [[Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival|Coachella festival]]]]<br />
[[Reggae en Español]] spread from mainland South American Caribbean from [[Venezuela]] and [[Guyana]] to the rest of South America. It does not have any specific characteristics other than being sung in Spanish, usually by artists of Latin American origin. [[Samba reggae]] originated in [[Brazil]] as a blend of [[samba]] with Jamaican reggae. Reggae also has a presence in [[Veracruz]], Mexico. The most notable [[Jarocho]] reggae group being Los Aguas Aguas from [[Xalapa]]. Some of the most popular reggae groups across Latin America come from the Southern Cone, such as the Chilean band [[Gondwana (band)|Gondwana]], and the Argentinian band Los Cafres. The Puerto Rican band [[Cultura Profética]] is also widely recognized in the region. Hispanic reggae includes three elements: the incorporation of the Spanish language; the use of translations and versions based on known riddims and background music; and regional consciousness. It is a medium of rebellious contestation rising from the underground. Hispanic reggae is related to rap, sharing characteristics that can be found not only in the social conditions in which they developed in the region but also in the characteristics of social sectors and classes that welcome them.<ref>Davis, S. F. (2009). Reggae in Cuba and the Hispanic Caribbean: Fluctuations and representations of identities. ''Black Music Research Journal, 29''(1), 25–49.</ref><br />
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Brazilian samba-reggae utilized themes such as the [[civil rights movement]] and the Black Soul movement, and especially the Jamaican independence movement since the 1960s and its messages in reggae and Rastafari. Thus, the sudden popularity of reggae music and musicians in Bahia, Brazil, was not the result of the effects of the transnational music industry, but of the need to establish cultural and political links with black communities across the Americas that had faced and were facing similar sociopolitical situations.<ref>Béhague, G. (2006). Globalization/Modernization – rap, reggae, rock, or samba: The local and the global in Brazilian popular music (1985–95). ''Latin American Music Review/Revista de Música Latinoamericana, 27''(1), 79–90.</ref><br />
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Musically, it was the bloco afro [[Olodum]] and its lead percussionist, [[Neguinho do Samba]], that began to combine the basic samba beat of the blocos with merengue, salsa, and reggae rhythms and debuted their experimentations in the carnival of 1986. The new {{lang|pt|toques}} (drumming patterns) were labeled "samba-reggae" and consisted basically of a pattern in which the [[surdo]] bass drums (four of them at minimum) divided themselves into four or five interlocking parts.<br />
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In the state of [[Maranhão]], in northeastern [[Brazil]], reggae is a very popular genre. [[São Luís, Maranhão|São Luís]], the state capital, is known as the Brazilian Jamaica. The city has more than 200 {{lang|pt|radiolas}}, the name given to sound teams formed by DJs and sound systems with dozens of powerful amplifiers stacked. Reggae in Maranhão has its own characteristics, such as melody and dance style, as well as having its own radio and television programs. In 2018, the [[Reggae Maranhão Museum|Reggae Museum of Maranhão]] was inaugurated, the second reggae museum in the world (after [[Jamaica]]), with the objective of preserving the state's reggae cultural history.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://oimparcial.com.br/cultura/2018/01/museu-do-reggae-esta-aberto-ao-publico/|title=Museu do Reggae está aberto ao público {{!}} O Imparcial|date=22 January 2018|website=Oimparcial.com.br|access-date=3 May 2018|language=pt-BR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404073358/https://oimparcial.com.br/cultura/2018/01/museu-do-reggae-esta-aberto-ao-publico/|archive-date=4 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In the United States, bands like [[Stick Figure]], [[Rebelution (band)|Rebelution]], [[Slightly Stoopid]], [[Dirty Heads]], and [[Iration]] are the leading bands in a growing genre. Other bands like The Movement, The Elovaters, Artikal Sound <br />
[[File:Logan Rex-Artikal Sound System.jpg|thumb|left|Logan Rex of Artikal Sound System performs at a reggae show. The band is part of a burgeoning movement of newer American Reggae bands that has been growing over the past decade. ]]The American reggae scene is heavily centred in [[Southern California]], with large scenes also in [[New York City]], [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Chicago]], [[Miami]], and [[Honolulu]]. For decades, Hawaiian reggae has had a big following on the Hawaiian islands and the West coast of the US.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mele.com/music/genre/reggae/ |title=Reggae Musicians from Hawaii |website=Mele.com |access-date=18 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060327012357/http://www.mele.com/music/genre/reggae/ |archive-date=27 March 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref> On the east coast upstate NY has seen a rise in original roots reggae bands such as [[Giant Panda Guerilla Dub Squad]] and [[John Brown's Body (band)|John Brown's Body]] who were inspired by Jamaican reggae bands that performed in the area in the 1980s and 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ithaca Reggae Festival History|url=http://www.ithacareggaefest.com/history.html|website=Ithacareggaefestival.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626121533/http://www.ithacareggaefest.com/history.html|archive-date=26 June 2017}}</ref> [[Matisyahu]] gained prominence by blending traditional Jewish themes with reggae.<ref>{{cite web|last=Merica|first=Dan|title=Q and A with Matisyahu: 'Hasidic reggae superstar' sans the Hasidim|url=http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/26/q-and-a-with-matisyahu-hasidic-reggae-superstar-sans-the-hasidim/|website=Religion.blogs.cnn.com|access-date=22 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324082400/http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/26/q-and-a-with-matisyahu-hasidic-reggae-superstar-sans-the-hasidim/|archive-date=24 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Compounding his use of the [[hazzan]] style, Matisyahu's lyrics are mostly English with more than occasional use of [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]]. There is a large Caribbean presence in [[Toronto]] and [[Montreal]], Canada, with English and French influences on the reggae genre.{{clarify|date=May 2014}}{{citation needed|date=May 2014}} Canadian band [[Magic!]]'s 2013 single "[[Rude (song)|Rude]]" was an international hit.<br />
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In 2017, [[Toots and the Maytals]] became the second reggae-based group ever to perform at the [[Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival|Coachella festival]], after [[Chronixx]] in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainment/music/coachella/2016/04/24/chronixx-brings-roots-reggae-coachella/83450350/|title=Chronixx brings roots reggae to Coachella|website=USA Today |access-date=9 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022120244/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainment/music/coachella/2016/04/24/chronixx-brings-roots-reggae-coachella/83450350/|archive-date=22 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/culture/events/coachella-2017-day-3-toots-and-the-maytals-sofi-tukker-skepta-7760520/|title=Coachella Day 3: Toots and the Maytals, Sofi Tukker, Skepta & More Midday Highlights|website=Billboard.com|date=17 April 2017|access-date=9 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022234119/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/music-festivals/7760520/coachella-2017-day-3-toots-and-the-maytals-sofi-tukker-skepta|archive-date=22 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/Toots-for-Coachella-fest_85633|title=Toots for Coachella fest|newspaper=[[Jamaica Observer]]|access-date=9 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022113241/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/Toots-for-Coachella-fest_85633|archive-date=22 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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===Europe===<br />
The UK was a primary destination for Caribbean people looking to emigrate as early as the 1950s. Because of this, [[Caribbean music in the United Kingdom]], including reggae, has been popular since the late 1960s, and has evolved into several subgenres and fusions. Most notable of these is [[lovers rock]], but this fusion of Jamaican music into English culture was seminal in the formation of other musical forms like [[drum and bass]] and [[dubstep]]. The UK became the base from which many Jamaican artists toured Europe and due to the large number of Jamaican musicians emigrating there, the UK is the root of the larger European scene that exists today. Many of the world's most famous reggae artists began their careers in UK. Singer and Grammy Award-winning reggae artist [[Maxi Priest]] began his career with seminal British sound system [[Saxon Studio International]].<br />
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Three reggae-tinged singles from [[the Police]]'s 1978 debut album, ''[[Outlandos d'Amour]]'', laid down the template for the basic structure of a lot of rock/reggae songwriting: a reggae-infused verse containing upstrokes on guitar or keyboards and a more aggressive, on-the-beat punk/rock attack during the chorus. The end of the 1970s featured a ska revival in the UK. By the end of the 1970s, a revival movement had begun in England, with such bands as the Specials, Madness, the (English) Beat, and the Selecter. The Specials' leader and keyboardist, [[Jerry Dammers]], founded the 2 Tone record label, which released albums from the aforementioned racially integrated groups and was instrumental in creating a new social and cultural awareness. The 2 Tone movement referenced reggae's godfathers, popular styles (including the genre's faster and more dance-oriented precursors, ska and rocksteady), and previous modes of dress (such as black suits and porkpie hats) but updated the sound with a faster tempo, more guitar, and more attitude.<ref>Stemkovsky, I. (2012, 08). Reggae-core. ''Modern Drummer, 36'', 60–62.</ref><br />
[[File:UB40in2010.jpg|thumb|right|UB40 perform in Birmingham, 2010.]]<br />
[[Birmingham]] based reggae/[[pop music]] band [[UB40]] were main contributors to the British reggae scene throughout the 1980s and 1990s. The achieved international success with hits such as "[[Red Red Wine]]", "[[Kingston Town (song)|Kingston Town]]" and "[[Can't Help Falling in Love#UB40 version|(I Can't Help) Falling in Love with You]]."<br />
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Other UK-based artists that had international impact include [[Aswad (band)|Aswad]], [[Misty in Roots]], [[Steel Pulse]], [[Janet Kay]], [[Tippa Irie]], [[Smiley Culture]] and more recently [[Bitty McLean]]. There have been a number of European artists and bands drawing their inspiration directly from Jamaica and the Caribbean community in Europe, whose music and vocal styles are almost identical to contemporary Jamaican music. The best examples might be [[Alborosie]] (Italy) and [[Gentleman (musician)|Gentleman]] (Germany). Both Gentleman and Alborosie have had a significant chart impact in Jamaica, unlike many European artists. They have both recorded and released music in Jamaica for Jamaican labels and producers and are popular artists, likely to appear on many [[riddim]]s. Alborosie has lived in Jamaica since the late 1990s and has recorded at Bob Marley's famous [[Tuff Gong]] Studios. Since the early 1990s, several Italian reggae bands have emerged, including Africa Unite, [[Gaudi (musician)|Gaudi]], Reggae National Tickets, [[Sud Sound System]], [[Pitura Freska]] and [[B.R. Stylers]].<br />
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Reggae appeared on the [[Popular music in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav popular music scene]] in the late 1970s, through sporadic songs by various rock acts, most prominently by [[New wave music|new wave]] bands [[Haustor]], [[Šarlo Akrobata]], [[Aerodrom (band)|Aerodrom]], [[Laboratorija Zvuka]], [[Piloti (band)|Piloti]], [[Zana (band)|Zana]], [[Du Du A]] and [[Grupa I]]. In the mid-1980s appeared [[Del Arno Band]], often considered the first Yugoslav band whose sound was primarily reggae-oriented, remaining one of the most notable reggae acts in the region of former Yugoslavia.<ref name="janjatović77">{{cite book|last=Janjatović|first=Petar|title=Ex YU rock enciklopedija 1960–2023|year=2024|publisher=self-released / Makart|location=Belgrade|page=77}}</ref><br />
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The first homegrown [[Polish reggae]] bands started in the 1980s with groups like [[Izrael (band)|Izrael]]. Singer and songwriter [[Alexander Barykin]] was considered the father of Russian reggae.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.superstar.su/players/22/|title=Суперстар 2008. Команда мечты АЛЕКСАНДР БАРЫКИН|website=Superstar.su|access-date=8 October 2025|archive-date=27 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927064239/http://www.superstar.su/players/22/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Sweden, [[Uppsala Reggae Festival]] attracts attendees from across Northern Europe and features Swedish reggae bands such as [[Rootvälta]] and [[Svenska Akademien (band)|Svenska Akademien]] as well as many popular Jamaican artists. [[Summerjam]], Europe's biggest reggae festival, takes place in [[Cologne]], Germany, and sees crowds of 25,000 or more. [[Rototom Sunsplash]], a week-long festival which used to take place in [[Osoppo]], Italy, until 2009, is now held in [[Benicassim]], Spain, and gathers up to 150,000 visitors every year.<br />
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In Iceland reggae band [[Hjálmar]] is well established having released six CDs in Iceland. They were the first reggae band in Iceland, but few Icelandic artists had written songs in the reggae style before their arrival on the Icelandic music scene. The Icelandic reggae scene is expanding and growing at a fast rate. RVK Soundsystem is the first Icelandic [[Sound system (Jamaican)|sound system]], counting five DJs. They hold reggae nights in Reykjavík every month at clubs Hemmi og Valdi and more recently in Faktorý as the crowd has grown so much.<br />
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In Germany, the three successful Reggae Summerjam open-air festivals were crucial parts of the renaissance of Caribbean music in Germany but in 1990, conflict broke out between the two main German promoters who had cooperated so well during the previous seasons. With a lot of infighting and personal quarrels, each of them pursued his own preparations for a big summer festival. The result was that two open-air events look place on the same day.<br />
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The 1990 Reggae Summerjam was staged as usual, but for only one day. The event took place at the Lorelei Rock amphitheater, with artists like Mad Professor's Ariwa Posse with Macka B and Kofi, Mutabaruka, the Mighty Diamonds, the Twinkle Brothers, Manu Dibango and Fela Kuti.<br />
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The other, ex-partner of the once-united promoters succeeded in bringing the original Sunsplash package to Germany for the first time. Close to the Main River in the little village of Gemaunden deep in rural south-central Germany, they staged a two-day festival that drew a bigger crowd. About 10,000 people came from all over the country as well as from neighboring states like France and, for the first time, East Germany to see the lineup of top reggae artists.<ref>Habekost, C. ". (1990, REGGAE SUNSPLASH GERMANY. ''The Beat, 9'', pp. 26–27</ref><br />
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===Africa===<br />
Reggae in Africa was much boosted by the visit of Bob Marley to Zimbabwe on Independence Day 18 April 1980. [[Nigerian reggae]] had developed in the 1970s with artists such as [[Majek Fashek]] proving popular. In [[South Africa]], reggae music has played a unifying role amongst cultural groups in [[Cape Town]]. During the years of [[Apartheid]], the music bonded people from all demographic groups. [[Lucky Dube]] recorded 25 albums, fusing reggae with [[Mbaqanga]]. The Marcus Garvey Rasta camp in Phillipi is regarded by many to be the reggae and [[Rastafari movement|Rastafari]] center of Cape Town. Reggae bands play regularly at community centres such as the Zolani center in [[Nyanga, Cape Town|Nyanga]].<br />
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In [[Uganda]] musician [[Papa Cidy]] is very popular. Arthur Lutta is also a [[Ugandan]] gospel reggae drummer known for his reggae style drumming. In [[Ethiopia]], Dub Colossus and Invisible System emerged in 2008 sharing core members, and have received wide acclaim.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cibula |first=Matt |url=https://popmatters.com/pm/feature/165332-why-2012-is-the-year-of-ethiopian-hybrid-music/ |title=Why 2012 Is the Year of Ethiopian Hybrid Music |website=PopMatters.com |date=7 January 2013 |access-date=18 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117231726/http://www.popmatters.com/pm/feature/165332-why-2012-is-the-year-of-ethiopian-hybrid-music |archive-date=17 November 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/12582-a-town-called-addis/ |title=Pitchfork media review of Ethiopia's Dub Collosus |website=Pitchfork.com |date=15 January 2009 |access-date=18 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604182350/http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/12582-a-town-called-addis/ |archive-date=4 June 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Robin Denselow |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/nov/21/dub-colossus-town-called-addis |title=The Guardian's review of Dub Collosus |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=21 November 2008 |access-date=18 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029230935/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/nov/21/dub-colossus-town-called-addis |archive-date=29 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> In Mali, Askia Modibo fuses reggae with [[Malian music]]. In [[Malawi]], [[Black Missionaries]] produced nine albums. In [[Ivory Coast]] a country where reggae music is extremely popular, [[Tiken Jah Fakoly]] fuses reggae with traditional music. [[Alpha Blondy]] from Ivory Coast sings reggae with religious lyrics. In [[Sudan]], beats, drums and bass guitar from reggae have been adopted by local music. Reggae is very popular there among generations from young to old; some spiritual (religious) groups grow dreadlocks and feature reggae beats in their chants.<br />
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===Asia===<br />
In the Philippines, several bands and sound systems play reggae and dancehall music. Their music is called [[Pinoy reggae]]. [[Japanese reggae]] emerged in the early 1980s. Reggae is becoming more prevalent in Thailand as well. Reggae music is quite popular in [[Sri Lanka]]. Aside from the reggae music and Rastafari influences seen ever more on Thailand's islands and beaches, a true reggae sub-culture is taking root in Thailand's cities and towns. Many Thai artists, such as Job 2 Do, keep the tradition of reggae music and ideals alive in Thailand.<br />
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Famous Indian singer [[Kailash Kher]] and music producer [[Clinton Cerejo]] created ''Kalapi'', a rare fusion piece of reggae and Indian music for [[Coke Studio India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cokestudioindia.mobi/season3/e03-s03.html?WT.cl=1&WT.mn=Kalapi |title=Kalapi |access-date=9 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131209205531/http://cokestudioindia.mobi/season3/e03-s03.html?WT.cl=1&WT.mn=Kalapi |archive-date=9 December 2013 }}</ref> Other than this high-profile piece, reggae is confined to a small, emerging scene in India.<ref name="Reggae in India-2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.reggae-vibes.com/concert/reggaeindia/reggaeindia.htm|title=Reggae in India|date=28 December 2012|access-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228053351/http://www.reggae-vibes.com/concert/reggaeindia/reggaeindia.htm|archive-date=28 December 2012}}</ref> [[Reggae Rajahs]] are a reggae and bass music sound system crew based out of New Delhi, India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bigg |first=Margot |date=2010-08-10 |title=Inna Reggae Rajahs Style |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/inna-reggae-rajahs-style/ |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=Rolling Stone India |language=en-US}}</ref> They are the first Jamaican style sound system in India and creators of [[Goa Sunsplash]] Festival.<ref name="Reggae in India-2012" /> [[Thaikkudam Bridge]], a neo-Indian band based in Kerala, India, is known for introducing reggae into Indian regional blues.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bridge|first1=Thaikkudam|title=Thaikkudam Bridge, reggae|url=http://thaikkudambridge.com/|website=Thaikkudambridge.com|publisher=Govind Menon, Siddhart Menon|access-date=5 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150314191633/http://thaikkudambridge.com/|archive-date=14 March 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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===Australia and the Pacific===<br />
[[Reggae in Australia]] originated in the 1980s. Australian reggae groups include [[Sticky Fingers (band)|Sticky Fingers]], [[Blue King Brown]] and [[Astronomy Class]].<br />
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By the end of the 1980s, the local music scene in Hawaii was dominated by [[Jawaiian]] music, a local form of reggae.<br />
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[[New Zealand reggae]] was heavily inspired by [[Bob Marley]]'s [[Babylon by Bus Tour|1979 tour]] of the country and early reggae groups such as [[Herbs (band)|Herbs]].<ref>[http://www.vidarasta.com/frases-de-bob-marley/ Bob Marley Quotes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520025030/http://www.vidarasta.com/frases-de-bob-marley/ |date=20 May 2016 }} – The online biography</ref> The genre has seen many bands like [[Fat Freddy's Drop]], [[Salmonella Dub]], [[the Black Seeds]] and [[Katchafire]] emerging in more recent times, often involving fusion with electronica.<ref>Weiss, M. (2006, Reggae in paradise: New Zealand vibes. ''The Beat, 25'', 40–41.</ref><br />
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In 2017<ref>{{Cite web|title=New interactive music chart for dancehall and reggae launched|url=https://scoop.com.au/dancehall-reggae-chart-launched/|date=2017-09-16|website=Scoop|language=en-AU|access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref> the first-ever chart dedicated to reggae and dancehall music was established in Australia by radio presenter [[DJ Ragz]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=DJ Ragz charts destiny (Jamaica Observer)|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/splash/dj-ragz_109624?profile=1116|website=Jamaica Observer|access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref> music producer [[DJ Wade]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jamaica Observer Limited|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/keeping-the-beat-alive-down-under_111016?profile=1116|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Jamaica Observer}}</ref> and [[Dancehall Reggae Australia]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Australia |first1=Dancehall Reggae |title=Australia's first music chart dedicated to Dancehall and Reggae. |url=https://dancehallreggae.com.au/australian-dancehall-reggae-chart/ |publisher=Dancehall Reggae Australia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-16|title=New interactive music chart for dancehall and reggae launched|url=https://scoop.com.au/dancehall-reggae-chart-launched/|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Scoop|language=en-AU}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Jamaica|Music}}<br />
* [[List of dub artists]]<br />
* [[List of reggae compilation albums]]<br />
* [[List of reggae festivals|Reggae festivals]]<br />
* [[Reggae genres]]<br />
* [[Cannabis (drug)|Cannabis]]<br />
* [[Rastafari]]<br />
* [[Skinhead]]<br />
* [[Skanking]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* Jérémie Kroubo Dagnini (2008). ''Les origines du reggae: retour aux sources. Mento, ska, rocksteady, early reggae'', L'Harmattan, coll. Univers musical. {{ISBN|978-2-296-06252-8}} {{in lang|fr}}<br />
* Jérémie Kroubo Dagnini (2011). ''Vibrations jamaïcaines. L'Histoire des musiques populaires jamaïcaines au XXe siècle'', Camion Blanc. {{ISBN|978-2-35779-157-2}} {{in lang|fr}}<br />
* {{cite book|author=Manuel, Peter, with Kenneth Bilby and Michael Largey|title=Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music from Rumba to Reggae (2nd edition). Temple University Press, 2006|isbn=978-1-59213-463-2|year=2006|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/caribbeancurrents00manuel}}<br />
* {{cite book |author1=O'Brien Chang, Kevin |author2=Chen, Wayne |name-list-style=amp | title=Reggae Routes: The Story of Jamaican Music | publisher=Ian Randle Publishers | year=1998 | isbn=978-976-8100-67-2}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Leymarie |first=Isabelle |author-link=Isabelle Leymarie |title = Du tango au reggae: musiques noires d'Amérique latine et des Caraïbes |publisher = Flammarion |year = 1996 |location = Paris |isbn = 978-2082108133}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Leymarie |first=Isabelle |author-link=Isabelle Leymarie |title = Músicas del Caribe |publisher = Akal |year = 1998 |location = Madrid |isbn = 978-8440677051}}<br />
* {{cite book | editor=Larkin, Colin | title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of Reggae | publisher=Virgin | year= 1998| isbn=978-0-7535-0242-6}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=[[Steve Barrow|Barrow, Steve]] & Dalton, Peter | title=The Rough Guide to Reggae | publisher=Rough Guides | year=2004 | edition=3rd | isbn=978-1-84353-329-0 | url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoregg00barr }}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Morrow, Chris | title=Stir It Up: Reggae Cover Art | publisher=Thames & Hudson | year= 1999| isbn=978-0-500-28154-3}}<br />
* {{cite book |author1=Jahn, Brian |author2=Weber, Tom |name-list-style=amp |title=Reggae Island: Jamaican Music in the Digital Age |publisher=Da Capo Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-306-80853-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/reggaeislandjama00jahn }}<br />
* {{cite book | editor=Hurford, Ray | title=More Axe | publisher=Erikoispaino Oy | year=1987 | isbn=978-951-99841-4-8 | url=https://archive.org/details/moreaxe00blac }}<br />
* {{cite book | editor=Potash, Chris | title=Reggae, Rasta, Revolution: Jamaican Music from Ska to Dub | publisher=Schirmer Books | year= 1997| isbn=978-0-8256-7212-5}}<br />
* {{cite book |author1=Baek, Henrik |author2=Hedegard, Hans |name-list-style=amp | title=Dancehall Explosion, Reggae Music into the Next Millennium | publisher=Samler Borsen Publishing, Denmark | year=1999 | isbn=978-87-981684-3-0}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Katz, David | title=People Funny Boy: The Genius of Lee Scratch Perry | publisher=Payback Press, UK | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-86241-854-0 | author-link=David Katz (author) | url=https://archive.org/details/peoplefunnyboy00katz }}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Lesser, Beth | title=King Jammy's | publisher=ECW Press | year=2002 | isbn=978-1-55022-525-9 | url=https://archive.org/details/kingjammys00less }}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Stolzoff, Norman C. | title=Wake The Town And Tell The People | publisher=[[Duke University Press]], USA | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-8223-2514-7 | url=https://archive.org/details/waketowntellpeop00stol }}<br />
* {{cite book | author1=Davis, Stephen | author2=Simon, Peter | name-list-style=amp | title=Reggae Bloodlines: In Search of the Music and Culture of Jamaica | publisher=Da Capo Press | year=1979 | isbn=978-0-306-80496-0 | url=https://archive.org/details/reggaebloodlines00davi }}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Katz, David | title=Solid Foundation - An Oral history of Reggae | url=https://archive.org/details/solidfoundationo00katz | url-access=registration | publisher=Bloomsburry, UK | year=2003 | isbn=978-1-58234-143-9}}<br />
* {{cite book | author-link1=Michael de Koningh |last1=de Koningh |first1=Michael |author-link2=Laurence Cane-Honeysett |last2=Cane-Honeysett |first2=Laurence | title=Young Gifted and Black - The Story of Trojan Records | publisher=Sanctuary Publishing, UK | year=2003 | isbn=978-1-86074-464-8 | url=https://archive.org/details/younggiftedblack00deko }}<br />
* {{cite book |author1=de Koningh, Michael |author2=Griffiths, Marc |name-list-style=amp | title=Tighten Up - The History of Reggae in the UK | publisher=Sanctuary Publishing, UK | year=2003 | isbn=978-1-86074-559-1}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Bradley, Lloyd | title=Bass Culture. When Reggae Was King | publisher=Penguin Books Ltd, UK | year=2001 | isbn=978-0-14-023763-4 | author-link=Lloyd Bradley}}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Bradley, Lloyd | title=This Is Reggae Music. The Story of Jamaica's Music | publisher=Penguin Books Ltd, UK | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-802-13828-6 | author-link=Lloyd Bradley | url=https://archive.org/details/thisisreggaemusi00brad }}<br />
* {{cite book | author= Chang, Jeff | title=Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation | publisher= St. Martin's Press, 2005 |isbn=978-0-312-30143-9 | year= 2005 | author-link= Jeff Chang (journalist) | title-link=Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation }}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* Bradley, Lloyd (1996). ''Reggae on CD: The Essential Collection''. London: Kyle-Cathie. 368 p. {{ISBN|1-85636-577-8}}. The ISBN is from the back cover; the ISBN on the verso of the t.p. is incomplete.<br />
* Smith, Horane. ''Reggae Silver'' Bedside Books. 2004. [https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/art-culture/bookends-feb-05-2012page-one-inside-checking-in-with-horane-smithpage-twobookshelfchecking-in-with-horane-smith/ Bookends - Feb 05, 2012 PAGE ONE: Inside: Checking In With Horane Smith PAGE TWO: Bookshelf: Checking In With... Horane Smith [2 pics: Horane, Lover's Leap] This week Bookends checks in with Hora - Jamaica Observer]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{wikiquote-inline}}<br />
<br />
{{Reggae}}<br />
{{UNESCO Oral and Intangible music}}<br />
{{Rastafari}}<br />
{{ska}}<br />
{{Calypso music}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Reggae| ]]<br />
[[Category:Jamaican styles of music]]<br />
[[Category:Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]]<br />
[[Category:1960s in music]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kukasvada&diff=510977Kukasvada2026-03-26T14:45:13Z<p>Priyupranav: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Village in Gujarat}}<br />
{{moresources|date=June 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Kukasvada<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| governing_body = Sarpanch<br />
| leader_party = INC<br />
party <br />
| leader_title = Sarpanch<br />
| leader_name = Sudhirbhai Parmar<br />
| leader_title1 = [[Member of legislative assembly|MLA]]<br />
| population_total = 8000+<br />
<br />
| subdivision_name4 = Matia Taluq<br />
| seat_type = [[Sarpanch]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = STD code<br />
| postal_code = 02870<br />
| postal2_code_type = Pin code<br />
| postal2_code = 362250<br />
| seat = Sudhirbhai Parmar (Congress party)<br />
| government_type = Gram Panchayat<br />
| leader_name1 = Babubhai Kalabhai Vaja<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| anthem = [[Jana Gana Mana]]<br />
| native_name_lang = gj<br />
| settlement_type = Village<br />
| image_skyline =<br />
| image_caption = Bhikha Bapa, saint of Kukasvada<br />
| nickname = Bhikha Bapa Dham<br />
| motto = [[Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat]]<br />
| subdivision_type4 = [[Tehsil]]<br />
| subdivision_name = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = State<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = Region<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = District<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Junagadh district|Junagadh]]<br />
| translit_lang1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Kukasvada''' also sometimes spelled '''Kukaswada''' is a village in Malia [[tehsil]] of [[Junagadh district|Junagadh]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]] in [[Gujarat]] [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[India]]. Kukasvada is the birthplace of [[Dhirubhai Ambani]] and his close friend Bhikhabhai Bhadaraka known as Bhikha Bapa.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Vijaysinh Parmar|date=23 Apr 2008|title=A living demi-god in Kukasvada {{!}} Ahmedabad News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/a-living-demi-god-in-kukasvada/articleshow/2973310.cms|access-date=2021-09-23|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-11-23|title=આ દાદાની વાત સાંભળીને યુવાનો તો શરમાઈ જ જશે!|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/news/AJAB-grandfather-will-be-shy-youngsters-2587127.html|access-date=2021-09-23|website=Divya Bhaskar|language=gu}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
<br />
=== College ===<br />
* Shri Karmyogi Arts And Comm. college Gadu<br />
<br />
=== Schools ===<br />
* Sharda Pra Shala Pvt<br />
* Vivekanand Pra Shala Pvt<br />
* Kukasvada Kanya Shala<br />
* Dholivav Sim Shala<br />
* Kukasvada Pay Cen Shala<br />
<br />
== Health centre ==<br />
* C.M.Z.H. Junagardh, Civil Hospital, near Azad Chowk<br />
* Sargavada, Subcenter Saragwada, near bus station Saragwada<br />
* Sub Center Balapur<br />
<br />
== Religious places ==<br />
* Bhikha Bapa temple, Kukasvada<br />
* Jay Charan Ma Jay Khimbbapa temple kukasvada<br />
* Jay Bhavani Maa Temple Kukasvada<br />
* Ramapir Temple, Gotana<br />
* Bajrag Bali Temple, Gotana<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Gujarat}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Junagadh district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-ethno-stub}}</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=N._Chandrababu_Naidu&diff=448344N. Chandrababu Naidu2026-03-20T19:09:42Z<p>Priyupranav: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|13th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (born 1950)}}<br />
&lt;!-- Should be 40 characters (including spaces) or fewer see [[WP:SD40]] --&gt;<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}} {{For|Chief ministership|Chief ministership of N. Chandrababu Naidu}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = N. Chandrababu Naidu<br />
| birth_name = Nara Chandra Babu Naidu<br />
| image = The portrait of CM Shri Nara Chandrababu Naidu.jpg<br />
| caption = Naidu in 2024<br />
| office = Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh<br />
| term_start = 12 June 2024<br />
| term_end = <br />
| order = 13th<br />
| governor = [[Syed Abdul Nazeer]] <br />
| deputy = [[Pawan Kalyan]]<br />
| subterm = '''Cabinet'''<br />
| suboffice = [[Fourth N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Naidu IV]]<br />
| predecessor = [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]<br />
{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Additional ministries&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/andhra-pradesh-council-of-ministers-full-list/article68288989.ece|title=Andhra Pradesh Council of Ministers: Full list|work=The Hindu|date=14 June 2024|access-date=15 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br />
| 1blankname1 = [[Fourth N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Ministry and Departments]]<br />
| 1namedata1 = * General Administration<br />
* Law &amp; Order<br />
* Public Enterprises<br />
* Other departments not allocated to any Minister<br />
| term_start1 = 12 June 2024<br />
| term_end1 = <br />
| predecessor1 = [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]<br />
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}<br />
| term_start2 = 8 June 2014<br />
| term_end2 = 29 May 2019<br />
| governor2 = [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]<br />
| deputy2 = * [[Nimmakayala Chinarajappa]]<br />
* [[K. E. Krishnamurthy]]<br />
| subterm2 = '''Cabinet'''<br />
| suboffice2 = [[Third N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Naidu III]]<br />
| successor2 = [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]<br />
{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Additional ministries}}<br />
| 1blankname3 = [[Third N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Ministry and Departments]]<br />
| 1namedata3 = * Investment<br />
* Infrastructure<br />
* Happiness Index<br />
* General Administration<br />
* Other departments not allocated to any Minister<br />
| term_start3 = 8 June 2014<br />
| term_end3 = 29 May 2019<br />
| successor3 = [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]<br />
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}<br />
| term_start4 = 1 September 1995<br />
| term_end4 = 13 May 2004<br />
| governor4 = * [[Krishan Kant]]<br />
* [[Gopala Ramanujam]]<br />
* [[C. Rangarajan]]<br />
* [[Surjit Singh Barnala]]<br />
| subterm4 = '''Cabinet'''<br />
| suboffice4 = * [[First N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Naidu I]]<br />
* [[Second N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Naidu II]]<br />
| predecessor4 = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]<br />
| successor4 = [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]]<br />
{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Additional ministries}}<br />
| 1blankname5 = [[First N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Ministry and Departments]]<br />
| 1namedata5 = * Investment<br />
* Infrastructure<br />
* General Administration<br />
* Other departments not allocated to any Minister<br />
| term_start5 = 1 September 1995<br />
| term_end5 = 13 May 2004<br />
| successor5 = [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]]<br />
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}<br />
| office6 = 13th [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition in Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| termstart6 = 13 June 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FIFTEENTH ANDHRA PRADESH LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY - RECOGNITION AS LEADER OF OPPOSITION IN THE ASSEMBLY.|url=https://apegazette.cgg.gov.in/uploadGazette_view?filePath=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2FwZWdhemV0dGUuY2dnLmdvdi5pbi9zZWFyY2hBbGxHYXpldHRlcyIsImlhdCI6MTcyNTAzMDgxMSwic3ViIjoiL1VwbG9hZHMvQVBHQVpFVFRFL2dhemV0dGVzLzE1NjEwMjk5NDcxNjQucGRmIn0.FCGCEOsWpxwR_36vuzJ6nV7k7a05tkgIaDn3Ws-Bf1g|date=13 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
| termend6 = 5 June 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Andhra Pradesh Governor Dissolves 15th State Legislative Assembly|url=https://www.newsonair.gov.in/andhra-pradesh-governor-dissolves-15th-state-legislative-assembly/|date=5 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
| governor6 = * [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]<br />
* [[Biswabhusan Harichandan]]<br />
* [[S. Abdul Nazeer]]<br />
| 1blankname6 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata6 = [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]<br />
| predecessor6 = [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]<br />
| successor6 = ''[[Casual vacancy|Vacant]]''<br />
| termstart7 = 2 June 2004<br />
| termend7 = 28 February 2014<br />
| governor7 = * [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]<br />
* [[Rameshwar Thakur]]<br />
* [[N. D. Tiwari]]<br />
* [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]<br />
| 1blankname7 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata7 = * [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]]<br />
* [[Konijeti Rosaiah]]<br />
* [[N. Kiran Kumar Reddy]]<br />
| predecessor7 = [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]]<br />
| successor7 = [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]<br />
| office8 = 1st [[Telugu Desam Party|National President of Telugu Desam Party]]<br />
| term_start8 = 29 May 2015<br />
| predecessor8 = ''Position established''<br />
| 1blankname8 = National General Secretary<br />
| 1namedata8 = * [[Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu]]<br />
* [[Nara Lokesh]]<br />
| office9 = 2nd [[Telugu Desam Party|President of Telugu Desam Party]]<br />
| term_start9 = 1 September 1995<br />
| term_end9 = 29 May 2015<br />
| predecessor9 = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]<br />
| successor9 = ''Position abolished''<br />
| 1blankname9 = General Secretary<br />
| 1namedata9 = * [[Alimineti Madhava Reddy]]&lt;br&gt;(1995-2000) <br />
* [[Tulla Devender Goud]]&lt;br&gt;(2000-2008)<br />
* [[Kadiyam Srihari]]&lt;br&gt;(2008-2013)<br />
* [[Ravula Chandra Sekar Reddy]]&lt;br&gt;(2013-2015)<br />
| office10 = [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] [[Fourth N. T. Rama Rao ministry|Minister of Revenue, Relief, Rehabilitation, Finance, Planning, Small Savings and Lotteries]]<br />
| term_start10 = 12 December 1994<br />
| term_end10 = 1 September 1995<br />
| governor10 = [[Krishan Kant]]<br />
| 1blankname10 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata10 = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]<br />
| successor10 = [[Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]<br />
| office11 = [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] [[Minister (government)|Minister of Cinematography, Technical Education, Minor irrigation, Diary and Animal Husbandary]]<br />
| governor11 = [[K. C. Abraham]]<br />
| 1blankname11 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata11 = * [[T. Anjaiah]]<br />
* [[Bhavanam Venkatarami Reddy]]<br />
| term_start11 = 1980<br />
| term_end11 = 1982<br />
| office12 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency12 = [[Kuppam Assembly constituency|Kuppam]]<br />
| term_start12 = 1989<br />
| term_end12 = <br />
| predecessor12 = N. Rangaswami Naidu<br />
| successor12 = <br />
| constituency13 = [[Chandragiri Assembly constituency|Chandragiri]]<br />
| termstart13 = 1978<br />
| termend13 = 1983<br />
| predecessor13 = ''Constituency established''<br />
| successor13 = Medasani Venkatarma Naidu<br />
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]] (1983–present)<br />
| otherparty = [[Indian National Congress (Indira)]] (1975–1983)<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1950|04|20}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Naravaripalle]], [[Madras State]], India&lt;br /&gt;(present-day [[Andhra Pradesh]])<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Nara Bhuvaneswari|1981}}<br />
| children = [[Nara Lokesh]] (son)<br />
| relatives = See ''[[Nandamuri–Nara family]]''<br />
| residence = {{ubl|[[Undavalli]], [[Vijayawada]]|[[Janpath|1, Janpath]], [[New Delhi]]}}<br />
| alma_mater = [[Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati]] ([[M.A.]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ncbn.in/timeline |title=N Chandrababu Naidu Time Line |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601091225/https://ncbn.in/timeline |archive-date=1 June 2019 |website=NCBN.in |access-date=30 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = {{Collapsible list<br />
|titlestyle = background-color:#FFFF00;text-align:center;<br />
|title = Positions Held<br />
|bullets = on<br />
| 1975–1977: Local Youth President, INC<br />
| 1978–83: Member of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, Chandragiri constituency<br />
| 1980–83: Cabinet Minister of Andhra Pradesh<br />
| 1985–94: General Secretary of Telugu Desam Party<br />
| since 1989: Member of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, Kuppam constituency<br />
| 1994–95: Finance and Revenue Minister of Andhra Pradesh<br />
| 1999–2004: Convener of National Democratic Alliance<br />
| 1995–2004: 13th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh<br />
| 1995–2014: 2nd President of the Telugu Desam Party<br />
| 2004–2014: 8th Leader of Opposition of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly<br />
| 2014–present: 1st National President of the Telugu Desam Party<br />
| 2014–19: 13th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh<br />
| 2014–18: Convener Of National Democratic Alliance <br />
| 2019–24: 8th Leader of Opposition of the Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Assembly<br />
| 2024–tba: Convener of National Democratic Alliance<br />
| 2024–present: 13th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
{{N. Chandrababu Naidu series}}<br />
'''Nara Chandrababu Naidu''' ({{IPA|te| ˈnɑːrɑː ˈtʃʌnˌdrɑː ˈbɑːbuː ˈnaɪduː}}; born 20 April 1950), commonly known as '''CBN''', is an Indian politician who is currently serving as the [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] since 2024. He holds the record of longest-serving Chief Minister in the political history of [[Telugu states]]. He is the national president of the [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP).<br />
<br />
In 1978, he was elected to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Indian National Congress]] party, and from 1980 to 1982, he served as a minister in the state cabinet. Afterwards, he [[Party switching|switched party allegiance]] and joined TDP, which had been founded by his father-in-law [[N. T. Rama Rao]].&lt;ref name=":0"&gt;{{Cite news |title=N Chandrababu Naidu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/politics/n-chandrababu-naidu/articleshow/8283419.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |date=12 January 2023 |access-date=7 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Naidu served as a TDP [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) from 1989 to 1995.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Meet Nara Bhuvaneswari, wife of Chandrababu Naidu – Here's how her net worth increased by Rs 579 crore in 5 days; Know about TDP leader, his love story, and more |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-meet-nara-bhuvaneshwari-wife-of-chandrababu-naidu-heres-how-her-net-worth-increased-by-rs-579-crore-in-5-days-know-about-tdp-leader-his-love-story-and-more-3518241/7 |work=Financial Express |date=8 June 2024 |access-date=8 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1995, he became the [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]].<br />
<br />
During his two previous terms as Chief Minister, Naidu's public image was that of a visionary economic reformer and proponent of [[information technology]]–driven economic growth. His policies brought modernisation and significant investments, particularly in [[Hyderabad]], where he directed the founding of [[HITEC City]], [[Genome Valley]], HITEX Exhibition and the [[Financial District, Hyderabad|Financial District]]. He also established the [[Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System]] (MMTS), which was inaugurated during his tenure to improve urban mobility.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 November 2001 |title=2 railway projects to start today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/2-railway-projects-to-start-today/articleshow/1393411575.cms |access-date=29 April 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; Additionally, he initiated major infrastructure projects such as the [[Outer Ring Road, Hyderabad|Hyderabad Outer Ring Road]] and laid the groundwork for the [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=newsdesk |date=4 December 2021 |title=Who built the modern Hyderabad city? |url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/who-built-the-modern-hyderabad-city-2235487/ |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=The Siasat Daily – Archive |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; He also had a role in national politics, first as the convener of the [[United Front (India, 1996)|United Front]] in 1996. He supported the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)-led [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) after the [[1999 Indian general election|1999 Lok Sabha elections]], in which TDP won 29 seats, enhancing Naidu's reputation as a nationally prominent politician. In 2014, Naidu returned as Chief Minister, winning in the now-residuary (due to [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|bifurcation]]) Andhra Pradesh.<br />
<br />
In the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], Naidu's party faced an electoral setback, with TDP winning only 23 out of 175 seats.&lt;ref name="The Economic Times"&gt;{{Cite news |date=23 May 2019 |title=AP Election Results: YSR Congress storms to power in Andhra with landslide win |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-result-live/articleshow/69453786.cms |access-date=1 October 2023 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=26 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726175856/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-result-live/articleshow/69453786.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In September 2023, Naidu was arrested by the [[Criminal Investigation Department (India)|Crime Investigation Department]] (CID) police in Andhra Pradesh due to alleged involvement in the skills development case and was granted bail by [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]] in November 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Janyala |first=Sreenivas |date=20 November 2023 |title=Chandrababu Naidu granted regular bail by Andhra Pradesh High Court in skill development case |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/chandrababu-naidu-regular-bail-andhra-pradesh-high-court-skill-development-case-9034641/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=7 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; In a significant legal development in February 2026, the [[Enforcement Directorate|Enforcement Directorate (ED)]] cleared Naidu of all charges in the skill development case.&lt;ref name=":3"&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jayachandran |first=Apoorva |date=2026-02-02 |title=ED gives clean chit to Chandrababu Naidu in skill development case |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/law-news/story/ed-gives-clean-chit-to-chandrababu-naidu-in-skill-development-case-2861874-2026-02-02 |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], the TDP returned to power once again in a landslide toppling the incumbent YSRCP government and Naidu became Chief Minister for the fourth time.<br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
<br />
Naidu was born on 20 April 1950&lt;ref name=":2"&gt;{{Cite news|date=20 April 2021|title=Naidu's birthday celebrated|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/naidus-birthday-celebrated/article34370641.ece|access-date=21 June 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202413/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/naidus-birthday-celebrated/article34370641.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; in a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] agrarian family to Nara Kharjura Naidu and his mother Amanamma in [[Naravaripalle]], [[Tirupati district]], in present-day [[Andhra Pradesh]].{{Efn|The source also spelled the name as Amannama}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2 June 2018 |title=Chipurupalli Polytechnic named after CM's father |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2018/jun/02/chipurupalli-polytechnic-named-after-cms-father-1822726.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205044/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2018/jun/02/chipurupalli-polytechnic-named-after-cms-father-1822726.html |archive-date=24 June 2021 |access-date=21 June 2021 |work=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Rediff"&gt;{{cite web|last=J. S.|first=Sai|date=23 September 1999|title=No CM has worked as hard as Naidu|url=https://www.rediff.com/election/1999/sep/23naidu.htm|access-date=8 July 2021|website=Rediff|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624053054/https://www.rediff.com/election/1999/sep/23naidu.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has a younger brother [[Nara Ramamurthy Naidu]] and two younger sisters.{{sfn|Pagadala|2018|p=4}} Naidu has [[vitiligo]], an autoimmune disease that causes white patches on the skin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Shining in Political Arena - 7 Famous Politicians with Vitiligo |url=https://uniteforvitiligo.com/community/shining-in-political-arena-famous-politicians-with-vitiligo/ |access-date=25 July 2022 |work=Unite For Vitiligo |date=24 November 2018 |archive-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703133858/https://uniteforvitiligo.com/community/shining-in-political-arena-famous-politicians-with-vitiligo/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
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Since his village had no school, Naidu attended primary school in Seshapuram up to class five and the [[Chandragiri]] Government High School up to class 10. He completed his B.A. degree in 1972 from Sri Venkateswara Arts College, Tirupati.&lt;ref name="Rediff" /&gt;{{Sfn|Pagadala|2018|p=7}} Later, he got his master's degree in economics from [[Sri Venkateswara University]].&lt;ref name="HT"&gt;{{cite web|date=2 August 2004|title=Chandrababu Naidu|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/chandrababu-naidu/story-DOseYNxkGWACJNxnUh0beI.html|access-date=8 July 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629053111/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/chandrababu-naidu/story-DOseYNxkGWACJNxnUh0beI.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1974, under the guidance of professor Dr. D. L. Narayana he started work on his [[Ph.D.]] on the topic of ''Economic ideas of Professor N. G. Ranga,'' but did not complete his Ph.D.&lt;ref name="Rediff" /&gt;<br />
<br />
== Earlier Political career ==<br />
=== Indian National Congress ===<br />
Naidu started his political activities as a student union leader in [[Sri Venkateswara University]] while pursuing his master's degree. In 1975, he joined [[Indian Youth Congress]] and became the president of its local chapter in [[Pulicherla mandal|Pulicherla]]. After [[The Emergency (India)|the emergency]] was imposed on the country in 1975, he became a supporter of [[Sanjay Gandhi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=J S |first1=Sai |title='No CM has worked as hard as Naidu' |url=https://m.rediff.com/election/1999/sep/23naidu.htm |website=Rediff |access-date=8 August 2023 |date=23 September 1999 |archive-date=7 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807135027/https://m.rediff.com/election/1999/sep/23naidu.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
With the help of [[N. G. Ranga]], Naidu secured a candidacy from the Congress party, under its 20% quota for the youth, and became a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) for the [[Chandragiri Assembly constituency|Chandragiri constituency]] in the [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978 assembly elections]]. He initially served as a director of Andhra Pradesh Small Scale Industries Development Corporation. Later, he was appointed as a minister in [[T. Anjaiah]]'s government. Between 1980 and 1983, Naidu held various portfolios, including archives, cinematography, technical education, and minor irrigation in the state government.{{sfn|Pagadala|2018|p=65}} He became the youngest MLA at the age of 28 and a minister at the age of 30 in Andhra Pradesh at that time.&lt;ref name=":1"&gt;{{Cite news |title=From 'CEO CM' to kingmaker: You can't write off N. Chandrababu Naidu |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/from-ceo-cm-to-kingmaker-you-cant-write-off-n-chandrababu-naidu/articleshow/110772110.cms?from=mdr |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |date=6 June 2024 |access-date=7 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
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As the cinematography minister, Naidu came in contact with [[N. T. Rama Rao]], a popular film star in Telugu cinema. In September 1981, he married Bhuvaneswari, Rao's second daughter.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Kolanu |first1=Brahmananda Rao |title=రాజకీయ రంగం, సినిమా రంగం వియ్యమందుకున్నాయి |url=http://zaminryot.com/pdf/1981/Sep/18-sep-1981.pdf |website=Zamin Ryot |access-date=7 August 2023 |date=18 September 1981 |archive-date=11 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111011714/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1981/Sep/18-sep-1981.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
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=== Telugu Desam Party ===<br />
{{Main article|Telugu Desam Party}}<br />
<br />
In 1982, [[N. T. Rama Rao]], formed the [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP) and swept the Andhra Pradesh [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|assembly polls held in 1983]]. Chandrababu Naidu, who was his son-in-law, remained in the Congress Party. However, he was defeated by a TDP candidate in the elections from [[Chandragiri Assembly constituency|Chandragiri assembly constituency]]. Soon after, he joined the Telugu Desam Party. Initially, Naidu involved himself in the party work, organising training camps and computerising membership records.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Menon |first1=Amarnath K |title=Chandrababu Naidu becomes the most important man in Telegu Desam setup |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19850831-chandrababu-naidu-becomes-the-most-important-man-in-telegu-desam-setup-801913-2014-01-03 |website=India Today |access-date=27 July 2023 |date=31 August 1985 |archive-date=15 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715222232/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19850831-chandrababu-naidu-becomes-the-most-important-man-in-telegu-desam-setup-801913-2014-01-03 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He played an active role during the 1984 August crisis in the government triggered by [[N. Bhaskara Rao|Nadendla Bhaskara Rao]]'s coup.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Menon |first1=Amarnath K |title=Dismissal of NTR ministry planned, Nadendla Bhaskara Rao nurtured with care of an assassin |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19840915-dismissal-of-ntr-ministry-planned-nadendla-bhaskara-rao-nurtured-with-care-of-an-assassin-803240-1984-09-14 |website=India Today |access-date=27 July 2023 |date=15 September 1984 |archive-date=4 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004224944/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19840915-dismissal-of-ntr-ministry-planned-nadendla-bhaskara-rao-nurtured-with-care-of-an-assassin-803240-1984-09-14 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; NTR appointed Naidu as general secretary of the TDP in 1986.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Menon |first1=Amarnath K |title=NTR re-elected TDP chief, Chandrababu Naidu nominated as general secretary |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19860131-ntr-re-elected-tdp-chief-chandrababu-naidu-nominated-as-general-secretary-800528-1986-01-31 |website=India Today |access-date=27 July 2023 |date=31 January 1986 |archive-date=15 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715222233/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19860131-ntr-re-elected-tdp-chief-chandrababu-naidu-nominated-as-general-secretary-800528-1986-01-31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
=== Legislative career (1989–1994) ===<br />
In the [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989 assembly election]], Naidu contested from [[Kuppam Assembly constituency|Kuppam constituency]] as a TDP candidate and won by 5,000 votes. INC, however, was elected to power, so Naidu was in the opposition.&lt;ref name="HT" /&gt; Rama Rao appointed him as a coordinator of the TDP,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=D. P. |first=Satish |date=10 February 2019 |title=Can Shrewd Chandrababu Naidu, Who 'Hijacked' TDP from Father-in-law, Win Another 'Do or Die' Battle? |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/can-a-shrewd-and-calculative-chandrababu-naidu-win-yet-another-do-or-die-battle-2026537.html |access-date=24 June 2021 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205558/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/can-a-shrewd-and-calculative-chandrababu-naidu-win-yet-another-do-or-die-battle-2026537.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; in which capacity he handled the party's role of the main opposition in the assembly which won him wide appreciation from both the party and the public. His role during this phase, both inside the Legislative Assembly and outside, is seen as a critical factor for the subsequent success of the party.&lt;ref name="HT" /&gt;<br />
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Naidu won the 1994 elections from Kuppam constituency. He became the Finance and Revenue Minister in [[Fourth N. T. Rama Rao ministry|N. T. Rama Rao's ministry]].&lt;ref name="HT" /&gt;<br />
<br />
== First term as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, 1995 ==<br />
{{main article|Chief Ministership of Nara Chandrababu Naidu}}<br />
<br />
On 1 September 1995, Naidu, at the age of 45, was sworn in as the Chief Minister following a successful coup against the leadership of N.T. Rama Rao.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Menon |first=Amarnath K. |date=30 September 1995 |title=Victorious Chandrababu Naidu will have to reckon with father-in-law NTR's mass appeal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19950930-victorious-chandrababu-naidu-will-have-to-reckon-with-father-in-law-ntrs-mass-appeal-808231-1995-09-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091410/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19950930-victorious-chandrababu-naidu-will-have-to-reckon-with-father-in-law-ntrs-mass-appeal-808231-1995-09-30 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |access-date=8 July 2021 |website=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt; The internal rebellion was triggered by the controversial role of [[Lakshmi Parvathi]], NTR's second wife, in the party and the government.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Menon |first1=Amarnath K |title=N.T. Rama Rao's wife Lakshmi Parvathi may follow Tamil Nadu CM J. Jayalalitha's path |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19950228-nt-rama-raos-wife-lakshmi-parvathi-may-follow-tamil-nadu-cm-j-jayalalithas-path-806957-1995-02-27 |website=India Today |access-date=28 July 2023 |date=28 February 1995 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728165051/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19950228-nt-rama-raos-wife-lakshmi-parvathi-may-follow-tamil-nadu-cm-j-jayalalithas-path-806957-1995-02-27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Naidu was able to secure the support of the majority of the legislators and has hence served as the leader of the party.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Burns |first=John F. |date=19 January 1996 |title=N. T. Rama Rao, 72, Is Dead; Star Status Infused His Politics |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/19/world/n-t-rama-rao-72-is-dead-star-status-infused-his-politics.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321215552/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/19/world/n-t-rama-rao-72-is-dead-star-status-infused-his-politics.html |archive-date=21 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nagaraja |first=Gali |date=28 February 2018 |title=40 years of Chandrababu Naidu: Parallels between the politician and his party |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/andhra-pradesh/40-years-chandrababu-naidu-parallels-between-politician-and-his-party-77175 |work=The News Minute |access-date=7 June 2024 |quote=The party has survived for 36 years since inception with the help of NTR's legacy initially and Naidu's acumen and organisational skills later.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
== Second term as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, 1999 ==<br />
[[File:Textile Consultancy.JPG|alt=Chandrababu naidu with factory workers in textile industry|thumb|Naidu speaking with workers in a textile factory]]<br />
In the [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999 state legislature elections]], Chandrababu Naidu led his party to victory, securing 180 out of 294 seats in the state assembly.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |url=https://ceotelangana.nic.in/Archives/StasticalReports/StatRep_AP_1999.pdf |website=CEO Telangana |access-date=29 July 2023 |date=1999 |archive-date=3 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603121247/https://ceotelangana.nic.in/Archives/StasticalReports/StatRep_AP_1999.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Additionally, the TDP won 29 out of 42 seats in the Parliament elections. The TDP's tally in the [[Lok Sabha]] made it not only the biggest of the BJP's allies, but also the fourth largest party in the Lok Sabha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Suri K.C. |first1=CSDS Team |title=A triumph of alliance arithmetic |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/article30159332.ece |website=Frontline |access-date=29 July 2023 |date=6 November 1999 |archive-date=21 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921215138/https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/article30159332.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; These elections marked a critical juncture for Naidu, as they served as a significant test of his legitimacy both as the Chief Minister of the state and as the President of the TDP. Upon his return to power, the media hailed him as the first economic reformer to secure a strong electoral mandate.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Menon |first1=Amarnath K |title=Andhra Pradesh elections: Chandrababu Naidu sweeps polls, but reforms yet to pay off |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/19991025-andhra-pradesh-elections-chandrababu-naidu-sweeps-polls-but-reforms-yet-to-pay-off-781692-1999-10-24 |website=India Today |access-date=29 July 2023 |date=25 October 1999 |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211095015/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/19991025-andhra-pradesh-elections-chandrababu-naidu-sweeps-polls-but-reforms-yet-to-pay-off-781692-1999-10-24 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
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=== Assassination attempt ===<br />
On 1 October 2003, Naidu survived a [[land mine]] blast by the [[People's War Group]] (PWG) near Alipiri tollgate in [[Tirupati]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Atjtr5qF3V0|title=Live Footage of Bomb Blast on AP CM Chandrababu Naidu|date=1 May 2019|language=en|publisher=YouTube|access-date=24 October 2003|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211107/Atjtr5qF3V0|archive-date=7 November 2021|url-status=live|pages=}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=":12"&gt;{{cite web|last=S.|first=Nagesh Kumar|date=24 October 2003|title=A blast and its shock|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30219569.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404210929/https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30219569.ece|archive-date=4 April 2021|access-date=15 January 2022|website=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Chief Minister's convoy was attacked on his way to [[Tirumala]] to participate in the annual ritual of [[Srivari Brahmotsavam|Brahmotsavam]] of [[Venkateswara|Lord Venkateswara]] atop the seven hills. A total of 17 Claymore mines were planted, of which 9 exploded. Naidu was the first Chief Minister in the country to have been targeted by the ultra-left-wing Naxalites for assassination.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=P.V. |first1=Ramana |title=Naxalites' audacious attack on Naidu-I |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031011/edit.htm#5 |website=The Tribune |access-date=3 August 2023 |date=11 October 2003 |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803153320/https://m.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031011/edit.htm#5 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Naidu's escape with minor injuries was considered miraculous given the severity of the blast. The PWG claimed it attacked him for being a "World Bank agent."&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Nayak |first1=Nihar |title=A War Against The People |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/a-war-against-the-people/221608 |website=Outlook |access-date=3 August 2023 |date=3 February 2022 |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803153321/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/a-war-against-the-people/221608 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
=== Role in National Politics ===<br />
Chandrababu Naidu's involvement in national politics during the period of 1996 to 2004 was dominated by non-Congress coalition politics in Delhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Gali |first1=Nagaraja |title=How Chandrababu scuttled Mulayam's chances of becoming PM in 1996 |url=https://thefederal.com/analysis/how-chandrababu-scuttled-mulayams-chances-of-becoming-pm-in-1996/ |website=The Federal |access-date=17 July 2023 |date=13 October 2022 |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714161444/https://thefederal.com/analysis/how-chandrababu-scuttled-mulayams-chances-of-becoming-pm-in-1996/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In the aftermath of the [[1996 Indian general election|1996 parliamentary elections]], he assumed the role of convenor for the [[United Front (India, 1996)|United Front]], a coalition comprising 13 political parties that secured power at the Centre. The coalition government was headed by [[H.D. Deve Gowda]] and later [[I.K. Gujral]] between 1996 and 1998. The United Front had its headquarters at [[Andhra Pradesh Bhavan]] in New Delhi.<br />
<br />
Subsequently, Chandrababu Naidu's significance in national affairs got amplified after the [[1999 Indian general election|1999 Lok Sabha elections]]. The TDP and the BJP, which had a pre-poll understanding in the state, together won 36 MPs out of 42.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Shireen |title=Vajpayee urges TDP to join ministry |url=https://m.rediff.com/election/1999/oct/08ap.htm |website=Rediff |access-date=17 July 2023 |date=8 October 1999 |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714161440/https://m.rediff.com/election/1999/oct/08ap.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The BJP emerged as the largest single party in the Lok Sabha. The TDP extended the support of 29 of its MPs to the [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) government headed by [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee|A. B. Vajpayee]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=UNI |title=TDP extends support to NDA |url=https://m.rediff.com/election/1999/oct/08tdp.htm |website=Rediff |access-date=17 July 2023 |date=8 October 1999 |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714161451/https://m.rediff.com/election/1999/oct/08tdp.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; TDP did not join the government, extending only 'issue-based support'.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=UNI |title=Naidu says no to slice of government |url=https://m.rediff.com/election/1999/oct/11tdp.htm |website=Rediff |access-date=17 July 2023 |date=11 October 1999 |archive-date=4 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304164200/https://m.rediff.com/election/1999/oct/11tdp.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Naidu claimed that though Vajpayee had offered eight cabinet berths to his party, the TDP stayed away from the union cabinet and offered external support to the NDA government.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=ANI |title=Chandrababu Naidu pays tribute to Vajpayee |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/chandrababu-naidu-pays-tribute-to-vajpayee-118081700303_1.html |access-date=17 July 2023 |date=17 August 2018 |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714162944/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/chandrababu-naidu-pays-tribute-to-vajpayee-118081700303_1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
== Leader of the Opposition, 2004 ==<br />
<br />
Naidu, soon after the assassination attempt on him, dissolved the state assembly. Elections to the state were held along with the [[2004 Indian general election|parliamentary polls]] in April 2004. The TDP government faced anti-incumbency fuelled by high power tariffs and the absence of support to the agricultural sector. Besides, the newly formed Congress(I)[[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|-TRS]] alliance posed a major challenge to the TDP popularity in Telangana.&lt;ref name="A popular backlash"&gt;{{cite web |date=3 June 2004 |title=A popular backlash |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30222893.ece |access-date=7 December 2022 |website=frontline.thehindu.com |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928210253/https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30222893.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Telugu Desam Party was defeated in both the state and Lok Sabha elections. The Congress Party won 185 seats while the TDP ended up with 47 seats in the assembly, the then lowest in the party's electoral history. The TDP won only 5 seats out of 42 in Parliament. Naidu felt that the severe drought that gripped Andhra Pradesh the previous year as well as advancing the timing of the election were the major reasons for his defeat.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Iype |first1=George |title=Defeat has been an eye-opener |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2004/nov/11inter.htm |website=Rediff |access-date=9 August 2023 |date=11 November 2011 |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714174937/https://www.rediff.com/news/2004/nov/11inter.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
== Leader of the Opposition, 2009==<br />
In the 2009 [[2009 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh|parliamentary]] and [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|assembly]] elections, Naidu faced another challenge as popular actor [[Chiranjeevi]] formed [[Praja Rajyam Party|Praja Rajyam party]] and turned the election into a three-cornered contest. The TDP, which formed an alliance with TRS this time, once again lost to the incumbent Congress Party. The TDP secured 92 seats in the assembly, whereas the Congress got 156 seats, a thin majority in the assembly. Chiranjeevi's Praja Rajyam won in 18 seats. Naidu blamed Chiranjeevi's entry into the political arena for his party's debacle.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Naidu blames Chiranjeevi for TDP's loss |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2009/may/27/naidu-blames-chiranjeevi-for-tdps-loss-52684.html |website=New Indian Express |access-date=9 August 2023 |date=27 May 2009 |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714174939/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2009/may/27/naidu-blames-chiranjeevi-for-tdps-loss-52684.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
== Third term as the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, 2014 ==<br />
[[File:Chandrababu Naidu at rescue operations of Visakhapatnam airport the time of hudhud cyclone.jpg|Chandrababu Naidu at rescue operations of Visakhapatnam airport the time of hudhud cyclone|thumb]]<br />
{{See also|Chief Ministership of Nara Chandrababu Naidu}}<br />
After [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|the bifurcation]], elections were held in 2014 in the newly formed states of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]]. Naidu formed an alliance again with the BJP and [[Jana Sena Party|Jana Sena]] Party and returned to power in the bifurcated, residual Andhra Pradesh state, winning 102 seats out of 175 seats. The TDP also won 16 Lok Sabha seats. Naidu took oath as the first Chief Minister of the residuary state of Andhra Pradesh at Mangalagiri on the grounds of Acharya Nagarjuna University near Guntur.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Sudhir |first1=Uma |title=N Chandrababu Naidu Takes Oath as Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister in Grand Ceremony |url=https://www.ndtv.com/south/n-chandrababu-naidu-takes-oath-as-andhra-pradesh-chief-minister-in-grand-ceremony-576515 |website=NDTV |access-date=11 August 2023 |date=9 June 2014 |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717132350/https://www.ndtv.com/south/n-chandrababu-naidu-takes-oath-as-andhra-pradesh-chief-minister-in-grand-ceremony-576515 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; His party joined the NDA government at the Centre and held two portfolios in the union cabinet.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=TNN |title=Sena, TDP get invite to join expanded ministry |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sena-TDP-get-invite-to-join-expanded-ministry/articleshow/45064128.cms |website=Times of India |access-date=11 August 2023 |date=7 November 2014 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811222837/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sena-TDP-get-invite-to-join-expanded-ministry/articleshow/45064128.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Two cabinet berths in the state were allocated to the BJP.<br />
<br />
The Chief Minister faced a host of challenges in the new state. The newly born state of Andhra Pradesh was left without a capital city and was deprived of a major economic hub.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Legislature |first1=Andhra Pradesh |title=Address by Governor |url=https://aplegislature.org/documents/10936/16238/governor_address_english_2014.pdf/d42d0722-c066-495c-9e77-bbc729362c2e |website=AP Legislature |access-date=11 August 2023 |date=21 June 2014 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811121308/https://aplegislature.org/documents/10936/16238/governor_address_english_2014.pdf/d42d0722-c066-495c-9e77-bbc729362c2e |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Naidu took up the construction of a new capital city, named [[Amaravati]], on the southern side of river Krishna near Vijayawada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=PTI |title=Andhra Pradesh capital city construction to begin in June |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/andhra-pradesh-capital-city-construction-to-begin-in-june-chandrababu-naidu/articleshow/45859858.cms?from=mdr |website=Economic Times |access-date=11 August 2023 |date=12 January 2015 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811121306/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/andhra-pradesh-capital-city-construction-to-begin-in-june-chandrababu-naidu/articleshow/45859858.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; During Naidu's term, the state achieved top ranking in the [[Ease of doing business ranking of states of India|World Bank's Ease of Business rankings]] in the country since 2015. The state attracted mega companies like Kia Motors,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first1=Hyunjoo |last1=Jin |first2=Nidhi |last2=Verma |title=Kia close to finalizing Andhra Pradesh for first India car plant |url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/PrJEATdcSazNZusruqqwjO/Kia-close-to-finalizing-Andhra-Pradesh-for-first-India-car-p.html |website=Live Mint |access-date=11 August 2023 |date=7 February 2017 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811121306/https://www.livemint.com/Industry/PrJEATdcSazNZusruqqwjO/Kia-close-to-finalizing-Andhra-Pradesh-for-first-India-car-p.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Isuzu Motors, Pepsi, Mondelez and Foxconn.<br />
<br />
=== 2015 cash-for-vote scam ===<br />
{{Main article|2015 cash-for-votes scam}}<br />
<br />
Naidu's name figured in the cash-for-vote scandal which pertains to the alleged role of the TDP to buy votes in the 2015 [[Telangana Legislative Council]] elections. It started off when the TDP leaders of Telangana state were caught on video footage, aired in the media, allegedly offering bribes to a nominated MLA, Elvis Stephenson, for his vote in the 2015 Council elections.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=N.|first=Rahul|date=8 June 2015|title=TV channel airs Naidu-MLA 'tape'|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tv-channel-airs-naidumla-tape/article7292281.ece|url-status=live|access-date=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507232752/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tv-channel-airs-naidumla-tape/article7292281.ece|archive-date=7 May 2021|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Telangana Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB) claimed that it was in possession of a recorded telephonic conversation that purportedly took place between Elvis Stephenson and TDP president N Chandrababu Naidu, who was the then Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Cash-for-vote case: KCR- Naidu war escalates |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cash-vote-scam-naidu-tdp-trs-slug-fest-chandrasekhar-rao-256538-2015-06-09 |website=India Today |access-date=14 August 2023 |date=9 June 2015 |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814133813/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cash-vote-scam-naidu-tdp-trs-slug-fest-chandrasekhar-rao-256538-2015-06-09 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Both the TRS (now BRS) and YSR Congress Party demanded that Naidu should be named in the case.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=MK |first1=Mithun |title=Cash-for-vote case: YSRCP determined to not let Chandrababu Naidu off the hook |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/cash-vote-case-ysrcp-determined-not-let-chandrababu-naidu-hook-112999 |website=The News Minute |access-date=14 August 2023 |date=27 November 2019 |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717014625/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/cash-vote-case-ysrcp-determined-not-let-chandrababu-naidu-hook-112999 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; However, the ACB and later the Enforcement Directorate (ED), in their charge sheets, did not name Naidu as an accused in the case, as they did not find evidence to prove that the money was sent to Stevenson at the behest of Naidu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Apparasu |first1=Srinivasa Rao |title=2015 Telangana 'cash-for-vote' scam: ED submits charge sheet against state Cong chief |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/2015-telangana-cash-for-vote-scam-ed-submits-charge-sheet-against-state-cong-chief-101622142481263.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=14 August 2023 |date=28 May 2021 |archive-date=10 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010180814/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/2015-telangana-cash-for-vote-scam-ed-submits-charge-sheet-against-state-cong-chief-101622142481263.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
=== Special status dispute and break with BJP ===<br />
{{further|Andhra Pradesh special status protests}}<br />
<br />
In March 2018, the TDP withdrew its two ministers from Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government over the issue of Andhra special category status (SCS).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Choudhury |first1=Sunetra |title=Chandrababu Naidu Quits NDA Alliance, Blames PM For 'Injustice To Andhra |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/chandrababu-naidus-tdp-quits-pm-narendra-modis-nda-coalition-1824532 |website=NDTV |access-date=16 August 2023 |date=16 March 2018 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002162032/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/chandrababu-naidus-tdp-quits-pm-narendra-modis-nda-coalition-1824532 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The SCS had been promised by the previous Congress government on the floor of the Parliament during the passage of the [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|AP Reorganisation Bill]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=PTI |title=Prime Minister Manmohan Singh announces 6-point package for successor states of Andhra |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/prime-minister-manmohan-singh-announces-6-point-package-for-successor-states-of-andhra/articleshow/30742625.cms?from=mdr |website=Economic Times |access-date=16 August 2023 |date=20 February 2023 |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717143920/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/prime-minister-manmohan-singh-announces-6-point-package-for-successor-states-of-andhra/articleshow/30742625.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Subsequently, Naidu announced the TDP's departure from the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) due to the "injustice" inflicted upon Andhra Pradesh by the denial of SCS.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Sunethra |title=Chandrababu Naidu Quits NDA Alliance, Blames PM For 'Injustice To Andhra' |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/chandrababu-naidus-tdp-quits-pm-narendra-modis-nda-coalition-1824532 |website=NDTV |access-date=16 August 2023 |date=16 March 2018 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002162032/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/chandrababu-naidus-tdp-quits-pm-narendra-modis-nda-coalition-1824532 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
In 2016, Naidu had previously agreed to the announcement made by the then Union Finance Minister [[Arun Jaitley]] regarding a financial package for Andhra Pradesh instead of granting it special status.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=PTI |title=N Chandrababu Naidu welcomes Centre's special package for Andhra |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/n-chandrababu-naidu-welcomes-centre-s-special-package-for-andhra-pradesh-116090800038_1.html |website=Business Standard |access-date=16 August 2023 |date=8 September 2016 |archive-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208185418/https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/n-chandrababu-naidu-welcomes-centre-s-special-package-for-andhra-pradesh-116090800038_1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In this backdrop, the decision of the ruling TDP to withdraw from the NDA was perceived as a political response to the mounting criticism from the Opposition regarding the non-fulfilment of the special category status.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Yunus Y. |first1=Lasania |title=What prompted TDP to suddenly break its alliance with NDA? |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/a3fyFrSiyIkQOQyXxSPDEI/What-prompted-TDP-to-suddenly-break-its-alliance-with-NDA.html |website=Mint |access-date=16 August 2023 |date=18 March 2018 |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717143921/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/a3fyFrSiyIkQOQyXxSPDEI/What-prompted-TDP-to-suddenly-break-its-alliance-with-NDA.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Naidu further criticised the central government on the issue by staging a hunger strike, known as 'Dharma Porata Deeksha' (a day-long 'protest for justice'), in Delhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=ANI |title=Chandrababu Naidu begins 'Dharma Porata Deeksha' in Delhi |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/chandrababu-naidu-begins-dharma-porata-deeksha-in-delhi-119021100110_1.html |website=Business Standard |access-date=16 August 2023 |date=11 February 2019 |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717143921/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/chandrababu-naidu-begins-dharma-porata-deeksha-in-delhi-119021100110_1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; This event marked a significant deterioration in the relationship between the TDP and the BJP.<br />
<br />
As of February 2018, It was reported by the [[Association for Democratic Reforms]] (ADR) that he was the richest Chief Minister in India, with total assets of 177 crore.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Chandrababu Naidu richest Chief Minister in India, eleven others face criminal cases: ADR Report |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/Feb/12/chandrababu-naidu-richest-chief-minister-in-india-eleven-others-face-criminal-cases-adr-report-1772343.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=14 February 2018 |access-date=24 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Jesudasan |first1=Dennis S. |date=13 February 2018 |title=Chandrababu Naidu is richest CM, Manik Sarkar the poorest: ADR |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chandrababu-naidu-is-richest-cm-manik-sarkar-the-poorest-adr/article22735378.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=24 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
=== Alliance with the Congress Party ===<br />
<br />
In an unexpected turn of events, the TDP forged an alliance with the Congress Party for the [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018 Telangana assembly elections]]. The alliance, consisting of the Congress, the TDP, and the Communist Party of India (CPI), formed the "Maha Kootami" (grand alliance) with the primary objective of defeating the TRS (now BRS) in the elections.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Apparasu |first1=Srinivasa Rao |title=Congress, TDP, Left form grand alliance to fight Telangana election |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-a-first-tdp-ready-for-alliance-with-congress-to-fight-telangana-election/story-og07X15IM8vPXwGWJNEFCP.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=17 August 2023 |date=12 September 2018 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407072321/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-a-first-tdp-ready-for-alliance-with-congress-to-fight-telangana-election/story-og07X15IM8vPXwGWJNEFCP.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; This marked the first time that the TDP, which had been founded on an anti-Congress platform in 1982, joined hands with the Congress party. During this period, Naidu was advocating for a non-BJP coalition comprising regional parties with the support of Congress to make a significant impact in the upcoming parliamentary elections.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Bureau |title=TDP Chief Naidu And Mamata Discuss Formation Of Non-BJP Govt With Congress Support |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-tdp-chief-naidu-to-meet-mamata-banerjee-for-post-poll-alliance-talks/330631 |website=Outlook |access-date=17 August 2023 |date=20 May 2019 |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717152925/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-tdp-chief-naidu-to-meet-mamata-banerjee-for-post-poll-alliance-talks/330631 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; This experiment faced a failure in the Telangana elections with K.Chandrashekar Rao's TRS winning by a big margin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Apparasu |first1=Srinivasa Rao |title=KCR wins by heavy margin, Congress distant second in Telangana |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/telangana-elections/kcr-wins-by-heavy-margin-congress-distant-second-in-telangana/story-50PtjUhrc55xNZYCDkGM8N.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=17 August 2023 |date=12 December 2018 |archive-date=12 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612000924/https://www.hindustantimes.com/telangana-elections/kcr-wins-by-heavy-margin-congress-distant-second-in-telangana/story-50PtjUhrc55xNZYCDkGM8N.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; As a result, the TDP and the Congress subsequently parted ways for the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019 Andhra Pradesh assembly elections]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Special Correspondent |title=Congress breaks ties with TDP, to go it alone in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/congress-to-contest-both-assembly-and-ls-elections-alone-in-ap-says-chandy/article26071812.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=17 August 2023 |date=23 January 2019 |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717152927/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/congress-to-contest-both-assembly-and-ls-elections-alone-in-ap-says-chandy/article26071812.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The alliance with the Congress and its aftermath left a bitter outcome for Naidu, leading to a considerable erosion of his credibility due to the perceived flip-flop in alliances.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=S |first1=Rama Krishna |title=Chandrababu regrets quitting BJP-led NDA |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/news/chandrababu-regrets-quitting-bjp-led-nda |website=The Sunday Guardian |access-date=17 August 2023 |date=12 October 2019 |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717152930/https://sundayguardianlive.com/news/chandrababu-regrets-quitting-bjp-led-nda |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
== Leader of the Opposition, 2019==<br />
In the 2019 [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|assembly]] and [[2019 Indian general election|parliamentary elections]], the ruling TDP was decisively defeated by the YSR Congress Party led by Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy. The YSRCP achieved a landslide victory by securing 151 seats in the assembly out of 175, while the TDP could manage 23 seats.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Jacob |first1=Jimmy |title="Respect The Mandate": Chandrababu Naidu Concedes Loss In Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-2019-chandrababu-naidu-concedes-loss-in-andhra-pradesh-says-he-respects-mandate-2042189 |website=NDTV |access-date=18 August 2023 |date=23 May 2019 |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717163259/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-2019-chandrababu-naidu-concedes-loss-in-andhra-pradesh-says-he-respects-mandate-2042189 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In the Lok Sabha, the TDP won three seats, while the YSRCP secured the remaining 22 seats.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}<br />
<br />
=== Corruption allegations and arrest ===<br />
On 9 September 2023, Naidu was arrested by the [[Andhra Pradesh]] Crime Investigation Department (AP-CID), accused of misappropriation of public funds amounting to 371 [[crore]] [[Indian rupee|INR]]. He was listed as accused number 37 in the case.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=A.P. police name ex-CM Chandrababu Naidu as A37 in skill development corporation scam case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ap-police-name-ex-cm-chandrababu-naidu-as-a37-in-skill-development-corporation-scam-case/article67291238.ece |work=The Hindu |agency=PTI |date=10 September 2023 |access-date=10 October 2023 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017200030/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ap-police-name-ex-cm-chandrababu-naidu-as-a37-in-skill-development-corporation-scam-case/article67291238.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Biswas |first=Sayantani |date=11 September 2023 |title=Chandrababu Naidu's arrest leaves the leader spot open ahead of Andhra Pradesh Assembly polls |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/chandrababu-naidu-arrest-leaves-the-leader-spot-open-ahead-of-andhra-pradesh-assembly-polls-11694429037340.html |work=Mint |access-date=11 September 2023 |archive-date=12 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230912040914/https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/chandrababu-naidu-arrest-leaves-the-leader-spot-open-ahead-of-andhra-pradesh-assembly-polls-11694429037340.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 10 September 2023, he appeared at the ACB court and the court remanded him in custody for 14 days, for which he was moved to the Central Jail in Rajamahendravaram.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 September 2023 |title=Chandrababu Naidu Arrest News Live: Vijayawada ACB court sends TDP Chief N Chandrababu to judicial custody till September 23 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/latest-updates-from-cities-weather-traffic-delhi-andhra-pradesh-chandrababu-naidu-arrest-karnataka-rajasthan-tamil-nadu-up-bihar-september-10/liveblog/103544376.cms |access-date=10 September 2023 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=10 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910101959/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/latest-updates-from-cities-weather-traffic-delhi-andhra-pradesh-chandrababu-naidu-arrest-karnataka-rajasthan-tamil-nadu-up-bihar-september-10/liveblog/103544376.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Telangana Today"&gt;{{Cite news |title=Chandrababu Naidu taken to Rajahmundry Central Jail |url=https://telanganatoday.com/chandrababu-naidu-taken-to-rajahmundry-central-jail |access-date=10 September 2023 |work=Telangana Today |date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=14 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914211539/https://telanganatoday.com/chandrababu-naidu-taken-to-rajahmundry-central-jail |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; After being in judicial custody for 52 days, he was released on bail on 31 October 2023.&lt;ref name="Telangana Today"/&gt; In a significant legal development in February 2026, the Enforcement Directorate (ED) cleared Chandrababu Naidu of all charges in the skill development case.&lt;ref name=":3" /&gt;<br />
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== Fourth term as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, 2024 ==<br />
{{See also|Chief Ministership of Nara Chandrababu Naidu}}<br />
Naidu was sworn in as the chief minister of Andhra Pradesh for a record fourth term, surpassing [[N. T. Rama Rao]] who had served as the chief minister of the state for four terms, on 12 June 2024 after the TDP in alliance with the BJP and the JSP won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024 state legislative assembly election]] in a landslide, garnering 164 out of 175 seats and defeating the [[YSR Congress Party]] led by [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]].<br />
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He has vowed to revive [[Amaravati]] as the sole capital of Andhra Pradesh and said that he will rebuild the capital as soon as possible. Mr. Naidu said he would seek the Central government’s cooperation to rebuild Amaravati and exuded confidence that the expected support would come. The Centre had provided capital gains exemption for all sales of land and released ₹1,500 crore of the approved ₹2,500 crore for Amaravati.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Raghavendra |first=V. |date=3 July 2024 |title=Will rebuild Amaravati capital city in the quickest possible time, says A.P Chief Minister Naidu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/will-rebuild-amaravati-capital-city-in-the-quickest-possible-time-says-ap-chief-minister-naidu/article68363495.ece |access-date=15 July 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
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As of December 2024, it was reported by the Association for Democratic Reforms that he was the richest Chief Minister in India, with total assets of 932 crore.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/richest-cm-chandrababu-naidu-draws-on-one-asset-mamata-records-sharpest-decline-9755578/lite/ | title='Richest' CM Chandrababu Naidu's draws almost entirely on one asset, Mamata records sharpest decline | date=5 January 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/association-for-democratic-reforms-report-on-chief-ministers/article69044088.ece/ | title=Andhra Pradesh CM Chandrababu Naidu richest Chief Minister, West Bengal CM Mamata Banerjee poorest: ADR | work=The Hindu | date=30 December 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
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== Business career ==<br />
[[Heritage Foods|Heritage Foods Limited]] (HFL), a dairy enterprise, was incorporated by Naidu in 1992. The company went public in 1994. The annual turnover of Heritage Foods stood at INR 26,429 million in the financial year 2021–22. Currently, Nara Bhuvaneswari, Naidu's wife, holds the position of vice-chairperson &amp; managing director, while Nara Brahmani, Naidu's daughter-in-law, serves as the executive director. Heritage has hundreds of outlets throughout Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and a significant presence across many states in the country. Heritage has also a renewable energy vertical which runs captive solar &amp; wind power plants at 11 different locations. HFL comprises a solid portion of Naidu's current assets.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Heritage Foods Ltd.|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/company/heritage-foods-4439/information/company-history|access-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701145152/https://www.business-standard.com/company/heritage-foods-4439/information/company-history|archive-date=1 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
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== Non-political initiatives ==<br />
Chandrababu Naidu serves as the chairman and director of the Global Forum for Sustainable Transformation (GFST), an organisation he established in March 2020 in Hyderabad. It is positioned as a global not-for-profit and apolitical think tank, with the aim of promoting sustainability in economies and communities. In June 2023, GFST hosted a seminar on 'Deep Technologies' in Hyderabad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Correspondent |title=Chandrababu is confident of India emerging as global largest economy by 2047 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/170623/chandrababu-is-confident-of-india-emerging-as-global-largest-economy-b.html |website=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=15 August 2023 |date=17 June 2023 |archive-date=15 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815144510/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/170623/chandrababu-is-confident-of-india-emerging-as-global-largest-economy-b.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Among its projects is the development of Vision India@2047, aligning with India's 100th year of Independence. Naidu unveiled a vision document titled India@2047, authored by GFST, on 15 August 2023, in Visakhapatnam.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=B |first1=Madhugopal |title=Chandrababu Naidu releases Vision-2047 document, says it will be a game changer |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/chandrababu-naidu-releases-vision-2047-document-says-it-will-be-a-game-changer/article67198650.ece#:~:text=Unveiling%20his%20Vision%2D2047%20document,if%20five%20strategies%20are%20adopted.%E2%80%9D |website=The Hindu |access-date=15 August 2023 |date=15 August 2023 |archive-date=15 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815165731/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/chandrababu-naidu-releases-vision-2047-document-says-it-will-be-a-game-changer/article67198650.ece#:~:text=Unveiling%20his%20Vision%2D2047%20document,if%20five%20strategies%20are%20adopted.%E2%80%9D |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
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The [[NTR Memorial Trust]] was founded in 1997 by Chandrababu Naidu as a non-profit organisation. The Trust is involved in a variety of activities including initiatives like providing free education, offering blood transfusion facilities, conducting health camps, and supporting empowerment and livelihood programs. The Trust manages a blood bank and Thalassemia center in Hyderabad, as well as blood banks in Visakhapatnam and Tirupati. Additionally, it operates schools in Hyderabad and Challapalli (Krishna district), along with NTR Junior &amp; Degree College for Women in Hyderabad. The Trust's day-to-day operations are overseen by Naidu's wife, Nara Bhuvaneswari, who serves as the managing trustee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 April 2023 |title=About NTR Memorial Trust |work=NTR TRUST |url=https://ntrtrust.org/about-ntr-memorial-trust/,%20https://ntrtrust.org/about-ntr-memorial-trust/,%20https://ntrtrust.org/about-ntr-memorial-trust/ |access-date=7 June 2024 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
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[[File:Bill gates with CBN and district Collector Praveen kumar at Visakhapatnam.jpg|thumb|[[Bill Gates]] with Chandrababu Naidu in [[Visakhapatnam]]]]Naidu faced severe criticism from various quarters for his policies. Both the Congress and left parties vehemently opposed his privatisation initiatives, labelling him as a symbol of World Bank policies.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=V |first1=Sridhar |title=Neo-Liberalism Spurned |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30223059.ece |website=Frontline |access-date=19 August 2023 |date=18 June 2004 |archive-date=19 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819135606/https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30223059.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The power sector reforms implemented by him encountered strong resistance throughout the state.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=B.V. |first1=Raghavulu |title=Power Sector Reforms in Andhra Pradesh |journal=The Marxist |date=January–March 2001 |volume=17 |issue=1 |url=https://www.cpim.org/marxist/200101_marxist_appower_bvr.htm |access-date=19 August 2023 |archive-date=19 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819135605/https://www.cpim.org/marxist/200101_marxist_appower_bvr.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Naidu attracted criticism for allegedly prioritising information technology over the agriculture sector, which was a vital source of livelihood for a significant portion of the state's workforce.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Ramesh |first1=Randeep |title=Prophets of Cyberabad face rural backlash |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2004/may/10/india.internationalnews |website=The Guardian |access-date=19 August 2023 |date=10 May 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt; While the corporate industry hailed him as the "CEO of Andhra Pradesh Inc.," a substantial portion of the state's population perceived him as "anti-poor", which reflected in the loss of the 2004 elections.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=W Chandrakanth |first1=S Nagesh Kumar |title=A popular backlash |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30222893.ece |website=Frontline |access-date=19 August 2023 |date=4 June 2004 |archive-date=2 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302105816/https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30222893.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaravati, the new capital city that he set out to build in his latest term, ran into rough weather over various controversies.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=IANS |title=Capital pains continue to plague Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.siasat.com/capital-pains-continue-to-plague-andhra-pradesh-2236064/ |website=Siasat |access-date=19 August 2023 |date=5 December 2021 |archive-date=19 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819135604/https://www.siasat.com/capital-pains-continue-to-plague-andhra-pradesh-2236064/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
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== Public image ==<br />
[[File:India andhra-pradesh hyderabad hitec-city.jpg|thumb|Cyber Towers]]<br />
[[File:Microsoft R&amp;D Hyd.jpg|thumb|Microsoft R&amp;D Hyderabad]]<br />
Chandrababu Naidu was one of the most recognised Chief Ministers in the country during his nine-and-a-half-year tenure from 1995 to 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Ravishankar |first1=Sandhya |date=25 June 2015 |title=India's high-tech chief minister |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/indias-high-tech-chief-minister |access-date=19 August 2023 |website=Khaleej Times |archive-date=19 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819135607/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/indias-high-tech-chief-minister |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He was a strong supporter of [[Economic liberalisation in India|liberalisation policies]] at the state level and was hailed by the western media as "one of the most promising local leaders not just in India but in the developing world."&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=G |first1=Krishna Reddy |date=2-8 March 2002 |title=New Populism and Liberalisation: Regime Shift under Chandrababu Naidu in AP |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4411814 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=37 |issue=9 |pages=871–883 |jstor=4411814 |access-date=19 August 2023 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811082357/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4411814 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Bradsher |first1=Keith |date=27 December 2002 |title=A High-Tech Fix for One Corner of India |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/27/business/a-high-tech-fix-for-one-corner-of-india.html |access-date=19 August 2023 |website=New York Times |archive-date=30 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330145525/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/27/business/a-high-tech-fix-for-one-corner-of-india.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Andhra Pradesh was the first state in India to receive a direct [[World Bank]] loan for economic restructuring.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=8 April 1997 |title=Andhra First State To Get Direct World Bank Loan |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/andhra-first-state-to-get-direct-world-bank-loan-197040801015_1.html |access-date=19 August 2023 |website=Business Standard |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716144452/https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/andhra-first-state-to-get-direct-world-bank-loan-197040801015_1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Naidu was a regular participant at [[World Economic Forum]] meetings in [[Davos, Switzerland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=PTI |date=25 January 2003 |title=Naidu seeks MNC investment in AP |url=https://www.rediff.com/money/report/naidu/20030125.htm |access-date=19 August 2023 |website=Rediff |archive-date=19 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819135606/https://www.rediff.com/money/report/naidu/20030125.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
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Naidu played a pivotal role in the establishment of [[HITEC City]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=bin Yahya |first=Faizal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtOvCQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PAPA174 |title=New "Temples" of India |date=17 September 2008 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-474-1214-4 |pages=174 |doi=10.1163/ej.9789004170643.i-221 |access-date=5 June 2024 |archive-date=16 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216073622/https://books.google.com/books?id=vtOvCQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PAPA174 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Financial District, Hyderabad|Financial District]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2001-12-04 |title=Hyderabad to become second financial capital |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/216730 |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=Arab News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Genome Valley]] in 1998 by the erstwhile combined [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]], adjoining [[Cyberabad]] to the west of [[Hyderabad]], propelling the information technology industry and enhancing modern infrastructure in Hyderabad, including the [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]] and the [[Indian School of Business]] (ISB).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Sridhar |first1=Naga |date=17 December 2022 |title=How ISB at Hyderabad shaped up over a cup of tea |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/education/how-isb-at-hyderabad-shaped-up-over-a-cup-of-tea/article66275124.ece |access-date=19 August 2023 |website=Hindu BusinessLine |archive-date=19 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819135605/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/education/how-isb-at-hyderabad-shaped-up-over-a-cup-of-tea/article66275124.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Beyond high-tech industry, his vision for the city’s connectivity and public utility was evidenced by the launch of the [[Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System|Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System (MMTS)]] and the development of the HITEX Exhibition Center.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2001-11-01 |title=2 railway projects to start today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/2-railway-projects-to-start-today/articleshow/1393411575.cms |access-date=2026-02-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, he oversaw the creation of world class sporting infrastructure, most notably the [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium|Uppal Stadium (Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium)]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The HCA, at least, is grateful - Chandrababu Naidu okayed lease, setting in motion the construction of an exclusive cricket stadium |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/the-hca-at-least-is-grateful-chandrababu-naidu-okayed-lease-setting-in-motion-the-construction-of-an-exclusive-cricket-stadium/cid/1045754 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250818023743/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/the-hca-at-least-is-grateful-chandrababu-naidu-okayed-lease-setting-in-motion-the-construction-of-an-exclusive-cricket-stadium/cid/1045754 |archive-date=2025-08-18 |access-date=2026-02-03 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and to foster athletic talent, he provided land and support to [[Pullela Gopichand]] to set up his badminton academy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=RADHAKRISHNA |first=G.S. |date=10 November 2010 |title=Gopichand gets plot back |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/gopichand-gets-plot-back/cid/461219#goog_rewarded}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
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Naidu's meetings with [[Bill Gates]], the chairman of [[Microsoft]], in New Delhi in 1997, followed by Gates' visit to Hyderabad in 2002,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=K. Sreedhar |date=14 November 2002 |title=Bill Gates to meet Naidu today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/bill-gates-to-meet-naidu-today/articleshow/28202897.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |access-date=7 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the visit of [[Bill Clinton|US President Bill Clinton]] in 2000,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=24 March 2000 |title=Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu presents President Bill Clinton with traditional items of greeting. |url=https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/WH/New/SouthAsia/photo_gallery/day_5/photo1.html |access-date=19 August 2023 |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716142956/https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/WH/New/SouthAsia/photo_gallery/day_5/photo1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; played a significant role in enhancing his reputation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Herera |first1=Sue |date=29 October 2003 |title=India's Hyderabad a high-tech haven |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3226076 |access-date=19 August 2023 |website=NBC News |archive-date=19 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819135604/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3226076 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
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[[File:Chandrababu with Clinton.jpg|thumb|Chandrababu with President Clinton]]<br />
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During his third term between 2014 and 2019, Naidu took up the ambitious project of building a capital city [[Amaravati]] for the bifurcated state.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=TNN |date=1 April 2015 |title=Andhra's new capital named Amaravati, Naidu announces |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/andhras-new-capital-named-amaravati-naidu-announces/articleshow/46774004.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716203839/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/andhras-new-capital-named-amaravati-naidu-announces/articleshow/46774004.cms |archive-date=16 July 2023 |access-date=19 August 2023 |website=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Andhra Pradesh also became the number one state in [[Indian states ranking by ease of doing business|Ease of Doing Business]] (EoDB) Rankings during this period.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Economic Bureau |first1=ENS |date=11 July 2018 |title=Ease of doing business: Andhra Pradesh tops ranking; Telangana and Haryana follow |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/ease-of-doing-business-andhra-pradesh-tops-ranking-telangana-and-haryana-follow-5254114/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819135604/https://indianexpress.com/article/business/ease-of-doing-business-andhra-pradesh-tops-ranking-telangana-and-haryana-follow-5254114/ |archive-date=19 August 2023 |access-date=19 August 2023 |website=Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
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== Awards ==<br />
Naidu has won a number of awards, including IT Indian of the Millennium from ''[[India Today]]'', Business Person of the Year by ''[[The Economic Times]]'', South Asian of the Year from ''[[Time Asia]],'' Golden Peacock Award for leadership in Public Service &amp; Economic Transformation,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=N. Chandrababu Naidu, Hon'ble Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh State, India receiving Golden Peacock Award for Leadership in Public Service &amp; Economic Transformation - 2017 |url=http://goldenpeacockaward.com/leadershipawards/leadershipwinner22.html |access-date=25 September 2022 |website=goldenpeacockaward.com |archive-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929032628/http://goldenpeacockaward.com/leadershipawards/leadershipwinner22.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh CM Chandrababu Naidu receives 'Golden Peacock Award' in London |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/andhra-pradesh-cm-chandrababu-naidu-receives-golden-peacock-award-in-london/907553/ |access-date=25 September 2022 |website=Financialexpress |date=26 October 2017 |language=en |archive-date=25 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925134746/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/andhra-pradesh-cm-chandrababu-naidu-receives-golden-peacock-award-in-london/907553/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and membership in the [[World Economic Forum]]'s Dream Cabinet.&lt;ref name="ia.rediff.com2"&gt;[http://ia.rediff.com/money/2004/may/12spec.htm Naidu, India's leading reformer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030022544/http://ia.rediff.com/money/2004/may/12spec.htm |date=30 October 2011 }}. Ia.rediff.com (12 May 2004). Retrieved on 16 January 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bradsher |first=Keith |date=27 December 2002 |title=A High-Tech Fix for One Corner of India |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/27/business/a-high-tech-fix-for-one-corner-of-india.html |url-status=live |access-date=11 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330145525/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/27/business/a-high-tech-fix-for-one-corner-of-india.html |archive-date=30 March 2021 |issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Naidu chaired the National IT Panel under the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)]] (NDA) government and was described as one of the "hidden seven" working wonders of the world by ''Profit'' ([[Oracle Corporation]]'s monthly magazine).&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130927234111/http://hindu.com/2001/09/06/stories/0406201n.htm IT giant bowled over by Naidu]. The Hindu (6 September 2001). Retrieved on 16 January 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Chandrababu Naidu Haunts Bangalore Yet Again – The Economic Times |url=http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/news.nsf/(docid)/BAC56D6D26656370652569400067808C |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405022634/http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/news.nsf/(docid)/BAC56D6D26656370652569400067808C |archive-date=5 April 2012 |website=cscsarchive.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Naidu was offered an honorary professorship by US business school, the [[Kellogg School of Management]] in 2000.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=rediff.com US edition: Kellog prof to lead IT revolution in AP |url=https://m.rediff.com/us/2000/mar/03us2.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302071023/https://m.rediff.com/us/2000/mar/03us2.htm |archive-date=2 March 2020 |access-date=2 March 2020 |website=m.rediff.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was the Chairman of National Task Force on Micro-irrigation from Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture in 2003.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Report on micro-irrigation task force- Government of India, January 2004 |url=https://pmksy.gov.in/microirrigation/Archive/TaskForce_on_MicroIrrigation.pdf |access-date=22 March 2020 |archive-date=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322145401/https://pmksy.gov.in/microirrigation/Archive/TaskForce_on_MicroIrrigation.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Micro-irrigation: Naidu's Taskforce Suggests Slew Of Measures - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/microirrigation-naidu-s-taskforce-suggests-slew-of-measures/93216/ |access-date=22 March 2020 |website=archive.indianexpress.com |archive-date=8 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408112338/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/microirrigation-naidu-s-taskforce-suggests-slew-of-measures/93216/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He was the head of 13-member Committee of Chief Ministers to promote digital payment systems and financial inclusion in India which was constituted by federal government in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Fuwad |first=Ahamad |date=30 November 2016 |title=Chandrababu Naidu to head panel of Chief Ministers to boost digital payment systems |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national-chandrababu-naidu-to-head-panel-of-chief-ministers-to-boost-digital-payment-systems-358938 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150705/https://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national-chandrababu-naidu-to-head-panel-of-chief-ministers-to-boost-digital-payment-systems-358938 |archive-date=22 March 2020 |access-date=22 March 2020 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Chandrababu Naidu submits interim report on digitalisation |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/chandrababu-naidu-digitalisation-pm-modi-956928-2017-01-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814000046/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/chandrababu-naidu-digitalisation-pm-modi-956928-2017-01-24 |archive-date=14 August 2020 |access-date=22 March 2020 |website=www.indiatoday.in|date=24 January 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=":0"/&gt;<br />
* The then [[Governor of Illinois]], [[Jim Edgar]], created a ''Naidu day'' on 24 September 1998 in his honour.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=12 June 2014|title=Naidu's victory carnival finds echo in US city|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/Naidu%E2%80%99s-victory-carnival-finds-echo-in-US-city/article11624491.ece|access-date=13 July 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713160518/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/Naidu%E2%80%99s-victory-carnival-finds-echo-in-US-city/article11624491.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* Voted ''IT Indian of the Millennium'' in a poll by ''[[India Today]]'' and 20:20 Media.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/fe/daily/20000110/fco10083.html |title=Naidu voted IT Indian of the millennium |date=10 January 2000 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=18 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113205637/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com:80/fe/daily/20000110/fco10083.html |archive-date=13 January 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* He was named ''South Asian of the Year'' in 1999 by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine, US&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Aparisim|date=31 December 1999|title=South Asian of the Year: Chandrababu Naidu|url=http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/time/asiabuzz/9912/30/sd/|access-date=13 July 2021|website=CNN|archive-date=20 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220184358/http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/time/asiabuzz/9912/30/sd/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* In 2001, he was described as one of the hidden "''Seven working wonders around the world''", by [[Profit (magazine)|Profit]], a monthly magazine published by [[Oracle Corporation]], US.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=6 September 2001|title=IT giant bowled over by Naidu|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/it-giant-bowled-over-by-naidu/article27975551.ece|url-status=live|access-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407162948/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/it-giant-bowled-over-by-naidu/article27975551.ece|archive-date=7 April 2020|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* ''Business Person of the Year'' by [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|date=November 1998|editor-last=Jain|editor-first=Mahendra|title=Latest General Knowledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LegDAAAAMBAJ&amp;q=business+person+of+the+year+by+economic+times+chandrababu+naidu&amp;pg=PA1261|magazine=Competition Science Vision|publisher=Pratiyogita Darpan|page=1261|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=5 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605163848/https://books.google.com/books?id=LegDAAAAMBAJ&amp;q=business+person+of+the+year+by+economic+times+chandrababu+naidu&amp;pg=PA1261#v=snippet&amp;q=business%20person%20of%20the%20year%20by%20economic%20times%20chandrababu%20naidu&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* ''Golden Peacock Award'' for Leadership in Public Service &amp; Economic Transformation - 2017&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://goldenpeacockaward.com/leadershipawards/leadershipwinner22.html |title=N. Chandrababu Naidu, Hon'ble Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh State, India receiving Golden Peacock Award for Leadership in Public Service &amp; Economic Transformation - 2017 |website=goldenpeacockaward.com |access-date=16 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204150956/http://goldenpeacockaward.com/leadershipawards/leadershipwinner22.html |archive-date=4 February 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* ''Global Agriculture Policy Leadership Award'' by Indian Council of Food and Agriculture (ICFA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2018/oct/09/icfa-policy-leadership-award-for-andhra-pradesh-cm-n-chandrababu-naidu-1883026.html |title=ICFA Policy Leadership Award for Andhra Pradesh CM N Chandrababu Naidu |website=The New Indian Express |date=9 October 2018 |access-date=16 January 2020|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307014845/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2018/oct/09/icfa-policy-leadership-award-for-andhra-pradesh-cm-n-chandrababu-naidu-1883026.html |archive-date=7 March 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* The Pune-based organisation, Bharatiya Chatra Sansad, in partnership with MIT School of Governance, honoured him with ''Aadarsh Mukhyamantri Puraskar'' (Model CM Award) in its 6th annual session on 30 January 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/chandrababu-naidu-receives-best-cm-award-909767/ |title=Chandrababu Naidu receives "Best CM" Award |date=31 January 2016 |work=The Siasat Daily |access-date=30 January 2016|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012075702/https://archive.siasat.com/news/chandrababu-naidu-receives-best-cm-award-909767/ |archive-date=12 October 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* ''Transformative Chief Minister Award'' in May 2017 by US-India Business Council (USIBC) at West Coast Summit in the [[Silicon Valley]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/chandrababu-naidu-awarded-transformative-chief-minister-award-in-the-us-1691568 |title=Chandrababu Naidu Awarded 'Transformative Chief Minister Award' In The US |website=NDTV.com |access-date=16 January 2020|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204143059/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/chandrababu-naidu-awarded-transformative-chief-minister-award-in-the-us-1691568 |archive-date=4 February 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
== Portrayals ==<br />
* He was portrayed by [[Rana Daggubati]] in ''[[NTR: Kathanayakudu]]'' (2019) in a cameo role and its sequel ''[[NTR: Mahanayakudu]]'' (2019) with a much more substantial role.<br />
* He was portrayed by [[Sritej]] in the [[Ram Gopal Varma]] film ''[[Lakshmi's NTR]]'' (2019) which follows the events of ''NTR: Mahanayakudu'' but is unrelated to the other 2 films, with a different cast and director.<br />
* [[Aadhi Pinisetty]] portrayed as Kakarla Krishnama Naidu in the 2025 drama series ''[[Mayasabha (TV series)|Mayasabha: Rise of the Titans]]''. The series is a fictionalized retelling of events based on the politics of Andhra Pradesh between the 1970s and 1995, drawing comparisons to the political careers of N. Chandrababu Naidu and Y.S. Rajasekhar Reddy.<br />
<br />
==Electoral history==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:70%; text-align: center;"<br />
|+Election results<br />
!Year<br />
!Office<br />
!Constituency<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!Opponent<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!Result<br />
!Ref<br />
|-<br />
|[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]<br />
|rowspan=10 |[[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]<br />
|rowspan=2 |[[Chandragiri Assembly constituency|Chandragiri]]<br />
|rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Hand INC.svg|frameless|21x21px]]<br />
|35,092<br />
|44.23<br />
|Kongara Pattabhi Rama Chowdary<br />
|[[Janata Party]]<br />
|<br />
|32,598<br />
|41.08<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=8 June 2014 |title=Chandrababu Naidu becomes first chief minister of new Andhra Pradesh |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/chandrababu-naidu-becomes-first-chief-minister-of-new-andhra-pradesh/articleshow/36258115.cms?from=mdr |access-date=30 November 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|[[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]<br />
|32,581<br />
|38.76<br />
|Medasani Venkatarama Naidu<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]<br />
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|frameless|21x21px]]<br />
|50,010<br />
|59.49<br />
|{{Lost}}<br />
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=8 June 2014 |title=Chandrababu Naidu Becomes First CM of New Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2014/Jun/08/chandrababu-naidu-becomes-first-cm-of-new-andhra-pradesh-622575.html |access-date=30 November 2024 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br />
|rowspan=8 |[[Kuppam Assembly constituency|Kuppam]]<br />
|rowspan=8 |[[Telugu Desam Party]]<br />
|rowspan=8 |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|frameless|21x21px]]<br />
|50,098<br />
|52.65<br />
|B. R. Doraswamy Naidu<br />
|rowspan="5" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|rowspan="5" |[[File:Hand INC.svg|frameless|21x21px]]<br />
|43,180<br />
|45.38<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
| rowspan="8" |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Umashanker |first=K. |date=24 June 2024 |title=After a hiatus of five years, Kuppam gets back its 'VVIP' tag |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/after-a-hiatus-of-five-years-kuppam-gets-back-its-vvip-tag/article68320593.ece |access-date=30 November 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nichenametla |first=Prasad |date=4 June 2024 |title=Kuppam elects Chandrababu for eighth time, TDP chief to become Andhra Pradesh CM for fourth time |url=https://theprint.in/politics/andhra-pradesh-polls-tdp-chief-chandrababu-naidu-leads-by-36000-plus-votes-in-his-bastion-kuppam/2114051/ |access-date=30 November 2024 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=23 April 2019 |title=Betting in full swing on Naidu's majority |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/betting-in-full-swing-on-naidus-majority/article26925373.ece |access-date=30 November 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|[[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]<br />
|81,210<br />
|75.49<br />
|R. Gopinath<br />
|24,622<br />
|22.89<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<br />
|93,288<br />
|74.42<br />
|rowspan="3" |M. Subramanyam Reddy<br />
|27,601<br />
|22.02<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br />
|98,123<br />
|69.93<br />
|38,535<br />
|27.46<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<br />
|89,952<br />
|61.91<br />
|43,886<br />
|30.21<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br />
|102,952<br />
|62.59<br />
|rowspan="2" |K. Chandramouli<br />
|rowspan=3 |[[YSR Congress Party]]<br />
|rowspan=3 |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Ceiling Fan.svg|frameless|21x21px]]<br />
|55,831<br />
|33.94<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<br />
|100,146<br />
|55.18<br />
|69,424<br />
|38.25<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
|121,929<br />
|59.96<br />
|[[K. R. J. Bharath]]<br />
|73,923<br />
|36.35<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
=== Bibliography ===<br />
{{Refbegin}}<br />
* {{Cite book|last1=Bhushan|first1=K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W3K3wQsM9PUC&amp;q=Naidu+played+vital+role+in+Kalam's+candidature&amp;pg=PA166|title=A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India|last2=Katyal|first2=G.|date=2002|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7648-380-3|oclc=51264431|language=en}}<br />
* {{Cite book|last=Inagati|first=Lavanya|url=https://www.amazon.in/Nirantar-Pragathi-CHANDRABABU-NAIDU-HINDI/dp/B07PQ8W4BX|title=Nirantar Pragathi Ke Path Par... Chandrababu Naidu|date=1 January 2019|publisher=Geeta Prakashan|language=hi|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121130019/https://www.amazon.in/Nirantar-Pragathi-CHANDRABABU-NAIDU-HINDI/dp/B07PQ8W4BX|url-status=live}}{{ISBN missing|date=January 2022}}<br />
* {{Cite book|last1=Ninan|first1=Sevanti|url=https://www.amazon.in/Manasulo-Maata-Sevanthi-Nenon/dp/B00HWWNUQU|title=Manasulo Maata|last2=Naidu|first2=Nara Chandrababu|date=2012|publisher=Emesco Books|language=te|translator-last=Reddy|translator-first=D. Chandrasekhar|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-date=18 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218061216/https://www.amazon.in/Manasulo-Maata-Sevanthi-Nenon/dp/B00HWWNUQU|url-status=live}}{{ISBN missing|date=January 2022}}<br />
* {{Cite book|last=Pagadala|first=Tejaswini|title=India's glocal leader : Chandrababu Naidu|date=2018|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]]|isbn=978-93-87146-58-7|location=New Delhi|oclc=1022760978}}<br />
* {{Cite book|last1=Perera|first1=Nihal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rqaynZjjwOgC&amp;q=chandrababu+naidu+cyberabad+development+authority&amp;pg=PA114|title=Hyderabad Chandrababu Naidu CDA- Transforming Asian Cities: Intellectual Impasse, Asianizing Space, and Emerging Translocalities|last2=Tang|first2=Wing-shing|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-50738-7|oclc=795457627|language=en|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=5 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605164051/https://books.google.com/books?id=rqaynZjjwOgC&amp;q=chandrababu+naidu+cyberabad+development+authority&amp;pg=PA114#v=snippet&amp;q=chandrababu%20naidu%20cyberabad%20development%20authority&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}<br />
* {{Cite book|title=Economy Management In Navya Andhra Pradesh: New Modern Economy Management in Andhra Pradesh: A Case Study of Sri Honorable Chief Minister N Chandra Babu Naidu|date=17 June 2019|isbn = 978-3659660146|last1 = Sree Ramulu|first1 = N.|last2 = Morusu|first2 = Siva Sankar|publisher=LAP LAMBERT Academic |oclc= 1189916213 }}<br />
{{Refend}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{Twitter}}<br />
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{{Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh}}{{Current Indian chief ministers}}{{Subject bar<br />
|commons = yes<br />
|commons-search = Category:N. Chandrababu Naidu<br />
|d = yes<br />
|d-search = Q3518013<br />
|portal1 = Biography<br />
|portal2 = India<br />
|portal3 = Politics<br />
}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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&lt;references /&gt;<br />
__FORCETOC__<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Naidu, N. Chandrababu}}<br />
[[Category:1950 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Nandamuri–Nara family|N. Chandrababu Naidu]]<br />
[[Category:Sri Venkateswara University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Chief ministers from Telugu Desam Party]]<br />
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1978–1983]]<br />
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1989–1994]]<br />
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1994–1999]]<br />
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1999–2004]]<br />
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2004–2009]]<br />
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2009–2014]]<br />
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[[Category:People with vitiligo]]<br />
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of India]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sehna,_Barnala&diff=533959Sehna, Barnala2026-03-19T06:11:01Z<p>Priyupranav: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{more citations needed|date=June 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Sehna<br />
| settlement_type = Village<br />
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India<br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|30.4293|N|75.3815|E|display=inline,title|format=dms}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = State<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = District<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Barnala district|Barnala]]<br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| population_total = 22500<br />
| population_as_of = 2023<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 148103<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sehna''' is a village at Tapa Tehsil in [[Barnala district]] of [[Punjab, India]]. It is located 17&nbsp;km towards west from district headquarters Barnala. 160&nbsp;km from state capital [[Chandigarh]] and 8&nbsp;km from Bhadaur City. Shaina pin code is 148103 and postal head office is Shaina .<ref>{{Cite web |title=SHAINA Pin Code - 148103, Barnala All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search BARNALA Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/punjab/barnala/shaina-pincode-148103.html |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=news.abplive.com}}</ref> Barnala, Bhadaur, Rampura Phul, [[Raikot]], Longowal are the nearby cities to Sehna.<br />
<br />
This place is in the border of the [[Barnala district]]istrict and [[Bathinda district]].<br />
<br />
== Demographics of Shaina ==<br />
Punjabi is the local language here.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}<br />
<br />
== Transport==<br />
<br />
=== By Rail ===<br />
[[Ghunas railway station]] is the nearest railway stations to Sehna.<br />
<br />
== Schools near Shaina ==<br />
* Guru Gobind Singh Academy<br />
* Gurudev Public School<br />
* Brilliant Model School<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Barnala district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cities and towns in Barnala district]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhagwant_Mann&diff=473778Bhagwant Mann2026-03-17T08:39:54Z<p>Priyupranav: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|17th Chief Minister of Punjab since 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Bhagwant Mann <br />
| image = Bhagwant Mann.png<br />
| image_size = 220px<br />
| caption = Mann in 2022<br />
| office = 17th [[Chief Minister of Punjab, India|Chief Minister of Punjab]]<br />
| term_start = 16 March 2022<br />
| subterm = '''Cabinet'''<br />
| suboffice = [[Bhagwant Mann ministry|Bhagwant Mann]]<br />
| term_end = <br />
| governor = [[Banwarilal Purohit]]<br/>[[Gulab Chand Kataria]]<br />
| predecessor = [[Charanjit Singh Channi]]<br />
| office3 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency3 = [[Dhuri Assembly constituency|Dhuri]]<br />
| predecessor3 = [[Dalvir Singh Khangura]]<br />
| term_start3 = 10 March 2022<br />
| term_end3 = <br />
| office4 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]<br />
| constituency4 = [[Sangrur Lok Sabha constituency|Sangrur, Punjab]]<br />
| predecessor4 = [[Vijay Inder Singla]]<br />
| successor4 = [[Simranjit Singh Mann]]<br />
| office2 = [[Aam Aadmi Party, Punjab#Organisation|Convener of Aam Aadmi Party, Punjab]]<br />
| term_start4 = 16 May 2014<br />
| term_end4 = 14 March 2022<br />
| predecessor2 = [[Balbir Singh (Punjab, India politician)|Balbir Singh]] (caretaker)<br />
| successor2 = [[Aman Arora]]<br />
| term_start2 = 31 January 2019<ref>[https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-2019-a-year-after-exit-bhagwant-mann-re-appointed-punjab-aam-aadmi-party-chief-1985819 A year after exit Bhagwant Mann reappointed Punjab Aam Aadmi Party Chief]</ref><br />
| term_end2 = 22 November 2024<br />
| party = [[File:Aam Aadmi Party Flag.svg|20px]] [[Aam Aadmi Party]] (since 2017)<br />
| otherparty = [[People's Party of Punjab]] (2012–2014)<br />
| birth_name = Bhagwant Singh Mann<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1973|10|17}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Sangrur district|Satoj]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India<br />
| spouse = {{ubl|{{marriage|Gurpreet Kaur|2022}}|{{marriage|Inderpreet Kaur||2015|end=divorce}}}}<br />
| children = 3<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| residence = {{ubl|7, Sector-2, [[Chandigarh]]}}<br />
| profession = {{hlist|Politician|social worker|comedian|singer|actor}}<br />
| signature = Bhagwant Mann signature.svg<br />
| module = {{Infobox musical artist<br />
| embed = yes<br />
| alias = {{hlist|"Comedy King"| "Jugnu"}}<br />
| genre = {{hlist|Comedy|satire}}<br />
| years_active = 1992–2015<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Bhagwant Singh Mann''' (born 17 October 1973), better known by his stage name "'''Jugnu'''", is an [[Indian politician]], social worker, former comedian, actor and singer who is currently serving as the 17th [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]] (and also as leader of the house in state assembly since 16 March 2022. He represents the [[Dhuri Assembly constituency]] in the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] since 2022 and is also serving as the state convener of [[Aam Aadmi Party, Punjab]] since 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=पंजाब के मान: भगवंत कभी कॉमेडियन थे, अब सीएम बनना तय, इन्हें कट्टर ईमानदार मानते हैं केजरीवाल |url=https://www.amarujala.com/chandigarh/punjab-election-2022-result-know-all-about-aap-chief-minister-candidate-bhagwant-mann-singh |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> Previously, he was a member of the [[Lok Sabha|lower house]] of [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] from [[Sangrur Lok Sabha constituency|Sangrur]] from 2014 to 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sangrur Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result: Candidates Profiles, Map, Total Votes, Past Results {{!}} Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/punjab/sangrur |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Mann was born on 17 October 1973 in the Satoj village in [[Sunam]] tehsil of the [[Sangrur district]] of [[Punjab, India]] into a [[Jatt Sikh]] family. He completed [[twelfth grade]] at Govt. School at Chemma Village, Sunam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members: Lok Sabha |url=https://loksabha.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofileBrief.aspx?mpsno=4635 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325111835/https://loksabha.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofileBrief.aspx?mpsno=4635|archive-date=2023-03-25|access-date=2023-03-25 |website=loksabha.nic.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Acting career ==<br />
Mann participated in youth comedy festivals and inter-college competitions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-16 |title=Bhagwant Mann Biography: Wife, Family, Political Career, Chief Minister of Punjab and More |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/bhagwant-mann-biography-1646979170-1 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en}}</ref> He won two gold medals at a competition at the [[Punjabi University]], [[Patiala]] for the Shaheed [[Udham Singh]] Government College, [[Sunam]].<br />
<br />
Mann developed comedy routines about typical Indian issues such as politics, business and sports. His first comedy album was with comedian Jagtar Jaggi. Together, they made a television program called ''Jugnu Kehnda Hai'' for [[Alpha ETC Punjabi]]. Ten years later, they parted ways.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bhagwantmann.com/index1.html |title=Bhagwant Mann |date=1 April 2004 |access-date=19 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040803042043/http://www.bhagwantmann.com/index1.html |archive-date=3 August 2004 }}</ref> Mann then formed a comedy partnership with [[Rana Ranbir]]. Together, they made the television program ''Jugnu Mast Mast'' for [[Alpha ETC Punjabi]]. In 2006, Mann and Jaggi reunited and toured Canada and England with their show, ''No Life With Wife''.<br />
<br />
In 2008, Mann competed in ''[[The Great Indian Laughter Challenge]]'' on [[Star Plus]], which increased his popularity.<ref>{{citation |url=https://great-indian-laughter-challenge.blogspot.com/2008/07/bhagwant-mann-on-laughter-challenge.html |title=Bhagwant Mann On Laughter Challenge – The Great Indian Laughter Challenge |publisher=Great-indian-laughter-challenge.blogspot.com |date=1 July 2008 |access-date=19 June 2015 |archive-date=19 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091119145848/http://great-indian-laughter-challenge.blogspot.com/2008/07/bhagwant-mann-on-laughter-challenge.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050911/spectrum/tv.htm |title=Television, Comedy no laughing matter |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |date=11 September 2005 |first1=Randeep |last1=Wadehra}}</ref><br />
<br />
He acted in the National Award-winning film ''Main Maa Punjab Dee'', directed by Balwant Dullat.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Saran|first=Renu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAT4AgAAQBAJ|title=History of Indian Cinema|date=2014|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-93-5083-651-4|language=en}}</ref><ref name="festival">{{Cite book|url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/72_45thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=45th National Film Festival|publisher=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|year=1998|page=68}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0318416/fullcredits|title=Main Maa Punjab Dee (1998) – IMDb| website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref><br />
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Mann also acted in ''Jugnu Hazir Hai'' on MH One.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unp.me/f56/bhagwant-maan-jugnu-hazir-hai-comedy-29656/ |title=UNP |publisher=Unp.me |access-date=19 June 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Political career ==<br />
In early 2011, Mann joined the [[People's Party of Punjab]].<ref>{{citation |url=http://chandigarhpressclub.org/?p=164 |title=I want to see Punjab growing: Bhagwant Mann |date=24 March 2011 |first1=Jaideep Kaur |last1=Mander |work=Chandigarh Press Club |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813103504/http://chandigarhpressclub.org/?p=164|archive-date=13 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.americanpunjabinews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1452:i-want-to-see-punjab-growing-bhagwant-mann&catid=24:english-news |title=I want to see Punjab growing- Bhagwant Mann |publisher=Americanpunjabinews.com |date=21 March 2011 |access-date=19 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903222910/http://www.americanpunjabinews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1452:i-want-to-see-punjab-growing-bhagwant-mann&catid=24:english-news |archive-date=3 September 2011 }}</ref> In 2012, he unsuccessfully contested assembly elections in the [[Lehra Assembly constituency|Lehra constituency]].<br />
<br />
In March 2014, Mann joined the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] to contest elections in the Sangrur Lok Sabha constituency. He fought his first Lok Sabha election against former union minister [[Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa]] and won by 211,721 votes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/new-mps-2014/story/sangrur-bhagwant-mann-of-aap-195359-2014-06-02|title=Sangrur MP Bhagwant Mann of AAP|date=2 June 2014|work=[[India Today]]|language=en|access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Convener of AAP Punjab ===<br />
In 2017, Mann was appointed the convener of [[AAP Punjab]].<ref name="Pioneer">{{cite news |title=Mann made AAP's Punjab chief, Arora his deputy |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/state-editions/mann-made-aaps-punjab-chief-arora-his-deputy.html |access-date=27 March 2022 |work=The Pioneer |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328152323/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/state-editions/mann-made-aaps-punjab-chief-arora-his-deputy.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2018 he resigned from the convener post after Arvind Kejriwal tendered an unconditional apology to [[Bikram Singh Majithia]] over Kejriwal's allegations about Majithia's involvement in the drug mafia case.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 March 2018|title=Bhagwant Mann resigns as AAP's Punjab chief over Arvind Kejriwal apology to Bikram Singh Majithia|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/arvind-kejriwals-apology-to-majithia-aaps-bhagwant-mann-resigns-from-the-post-of-party-president/articleshow/63327714.cms|access-date=17 June 2021|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref> He contested the [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]], from [[Jalalabad (Punjab Assembly constituency)|Jalalabad]] against [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]] and [[Ravneet Singh Bittu]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bhagwant Mann to contest from Jalalabad|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/bhagwant-mann-to-contest-from-jalalabad-285610|date=25 August 2016 |first1=Jaswant |last1=Shetra |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |language=en}}</ref> He lost the elections to Badal by 18,500 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/jalalabad-election-results-2017-aaps-bhagwant-mann-loses-to-sads-sukhbir-singh-badal-1358774.html |title=Jalalabad Election Results 2017: AAP's Bhagwant Mann Loses to SAD's Sukhbir Singh Badal |work=[[News18]]|date=11 March 2017|access-date=3 April 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2019, Mann was appointed the convener of AAP Punjab for a second time. His political rivals had in past criticized him over alcohol use.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/harsimrat-badal-lashes-out-at-punjab-cm-bhagwant-mann-in-lok-sabha-for-drinking-and-driving-the-state/articleshow/96374991.cms | title=Harsimrat Badal lashes out at Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann in Lok Sabha for 'drinking and driving the state' &#124; Chandigarh News – Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=20 December 2022 }}</ref> Mann has denied these allegations. In 2019, during a party rally in [[Barnala]], Mann announced that he had denounced alcohol and swore never to touch it again.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 January 2019 |title=Bhagwant Mann says won't drink from now, Arvind Kejriwal terms it 'sacrifice' for people |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bhagwant-mann-says-won-t-drink-from-now-arvind-kejriwal-terms-it-sacrifice-for-people/story-RMG9UnTPx8ZWDkyo5sc61J.html|access-date=17 June 2021|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en |first1=Vishal |last1=Rambani}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=No Drinking Problem, Says AAP's Bhagwant Mann To NDTV |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/punjab-election-bhagwant-mann-aap-pick-for-punjab-responds-to-barbs-over-drinking-2714726 |date=18 January 2022 |first1=Sharad |last1=Sharma |editor1-first=Deepshikha |editor1-last=Ghosh |work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Member of Parliament ===<br />
==== First term (2014–2019) ====<br />
In May 2014, he was elected to the [[16th Lok Sabha]] from [[Sangrur Lok Sabha constituency]] after defeating [[Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa]] from [[Shiromani Akali Dal]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 May 2014 |title=Election results 2014: AAP opens Lok Sabha account in Punjab with four seats |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/election-results-2014-aap-opens-lok-sabha-account-in-punjab-with-four-seats/1251764/ |work=[[The Financial Express (India)]]}}</ref> He received 533,237 total votes and won the election with a margin of 211,721 votes.<ref>{{Citation |date=May 2014|title=Sangrur Election Result 2014|url=https://www.elections.in/results/sangrur-pb.html |work=Elections.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''[[List of Indian parliamentary committees#Department-related standing committees|Parliamentary Committee]] assignments'''<br />
* 1 September 2014 – 25 May 2019: Member, Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice.<ref name="Lok Sabha Bio">{{cite web |title=Bhagwant Mann, Members Bioprofile |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4635 |access-date=20 January 2022 |website=Lok Sabha}}</ref><br />
** Member of the Consultative Committee, Ministry of Rural Development, Panchayati Raj and Drinking Water and Sanitation<ref name="Lok Sabha Bio" /><br />
* 11 December 2014 – 25 May 2019: Member, Joint Committee on Offices of Profit<ref name="Lok Sabha Bio" /><br />
<br />
==== Second term (2019–2022) ====<br />
In May 2019, Mann was re-elected to [[17th Lok Sabha]] from Sangrur constituency in the [[2019 Indian general election]]. He won his second term in the Parliament with a margin of 110,211 votes. He got 413,561 votes while contesting against [[Kewal Singh Dhillon]] from [[Indian National Congress]] and [[Parminder Singh Dhindsa]] from [[Shiromani Akali Dal]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 May 2019|title= Sangrur Punjab general elections 2019|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/news-detail-777781 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]]}}</ref> He was the only Member of parliament from Aam Aadmi Party in the lower house ([[Lok Sabha]]) of the parliament.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-24 |title=AAP wins just 1 seat across India, highest vote share in Delhi at 18.10 per cent |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/aap-wins-just-1-seat-across-india-1534153-2019-05-24 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 18 January 2022, he was chosen as the [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]] candidate from the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] for the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. The selection was reportedly done by polling from the public and the results were declared by the party chief [[Arvind Kejriwal]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 January 2022 |first1=Man Aman Singh |last1=Chhina |title=Bhagwant Mann's remarkable journey: From comedian 'Jugnu' to AAP CM face|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/bhagwant-manns-remarkable-journey-from-comedian-jugnu-to-aap-cm-face-7730359/|access-date=19 January 2022|work=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://theprint.in/politics/from-jugnu-to-aaps-cm-face-in-punjab-ex-comedian-bhagwant-mann-is-no-stranger-to-big-stage/806765/ |first1=Chitleen K |last1=Sethi |title=From 'Jugnu' to AAP's CM face in Punjab, ex-comedian Bhagwant Mann is no stranger to big stage |work=[[ThePrint]] |date=18 January 2022|access-date=18 January 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 9 February, Mann raised issues about farmers in the Lok Sabha. The payment to sugarcane farmers for 2020–21 and 2021–22 had been pending. He appealed for clearing the due early along with interest. He asked for compensation for the losses in cotton farmers due to the pest attack. he asked that the Union government should recognize the farmers who died during the [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhagwant Mann attends Lok Sabha session, raises farmers' issues |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/bhagwant-mann-attends-lok-sabha-session-raises-farmers-issues-368495| date=9 February 2022 |access-date=10 February 2022 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
; Parliamentary Committee assignments<br />
* 13 September 2019 onwards: Member, Standing Committee on Food, Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution<ref name="Lok Sabha Bio" /><br />
** Member, Consultative Committee, [[Committee on External Affairs]]<ref name="Lok Sabha Bio" /><br />
<br />
In 2021, the Parliamentary Committee on Food, Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution submitted a report to the Union Government recommending the implementation of the [[Essential Commodities Act]], 2020. The Essential Commodities Act, 2020 was one among the three controversial [[2020 Indian agriculture acts]] that led to the year-long [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest]]. Mann publicly released his statement that was made during the Committee meeting on 5 June 2020. In his statement, Mann had raised concerns that these farm laws would increase hoarding. Removal of onions and tomatoes from the list of Essential Commodities would lead to price rise due to illegal stockpiling to increase the price and then selling at higher prices. This will create hardships for the poor. He also raised the issue of hoarding potatoes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhagwant Mann releases statement before House panel, dares Harsimrat to come clean |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/bhagwant-mann-releases-statement-before-house-panel-dares-harsimrat-to-come-clean-7242303/ |access-date=10 February 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=24 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Mann contested the 2022 Punjab Assembly elections and won. AAP won a large majority of 92 out of total [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117 seats]]. Mann was designated as the CM. Two days before taking the oath as CM of Punjab, Mann resigned from his post of MP Sangrur on 14 March 2022.<ref name="Resign Tribune News14 March 2022">{{cite news |title=Will miss this House, have a huge responsibility now: Bhagwant Mann after resigning as Sangrur MP |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-cm-elect-bhagwant-mann-to-resign-as-mp-from-sangrur-377701 |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |date=14 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab CM-designate Bhagwant Mann tenders resignation from membership of Lok Sabha |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/video/election/punjab/punjab-cm-designate-bhagwant-mann-tenders-resignation-from-membership-of-lok-sabha-1091313.html |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=14 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Free Press Journal 14 March 2022">{{cite news |title=On his last day in Parliament Bhagwant Mann meets fellow parliamentarians |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/on-his-last-day-in-parliament-bhagwant-mann-meets-fellow-parliamentarians |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=Free Press Journal |date=14 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Chief Minister of Punjab (2022–)===<br />
{{Main|Mann ministry}}<br />
On 18 January 2022, Mann was chosen as the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] (AAP) candidate for the [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]], based on the party's public poll that overwhelmingly weighed in his favour.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AAP Picks Bhagwant Mann For Punjab, Says He Scored 93% In Televote|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aap-names-bhagwant-mann-as-chief-minister-candidate-for-punjab-based-on-public-votes-2714230|date=18 January 2022|work=[[NDTV]]|language=en |first1=Mohammed |last1=Ghazali |editor1-first=Deepshikha |editor1-last=Ghosh |archive-date=21 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121074220/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aap-names-bhagwant-mann-as-chief-minister-candidate-for-punjab-based-on-public-votes-2714230 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 10 March, the election results showed Mann as the winner from [[Dhuri Assembly constituency]] with a significant difference of 58,206 votes, and the next day he was elected as the leader of the AAP legislative party.<ref name="CM-elect 11 March 2022">{{cite news |title="Spend Time In Your Constituencies, Not...": AAP's Bhagwant Mann To MLAs |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/cabinet-can-have-17-ministers-nobody-should-be-upset-bhagwant-mann-to-mlas-2817872 |access-date=11 March 2022 |work=[[NDTV]] |date=11 March 2022}}</ref> The party itself went on to win 92 seats out of 117 in [[Punjab Assembly Elections 2022|the state's assembly elections]].<ref>{{Cite news |title="This Big A Majority Scares Me Too," Says Arvind Kejriwal |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/this-big-a-majority-scares-me-too-says-arvind-kejriwal-2814970 |date=10 March 2022 |first1=Mohammed |last1=Ghazali |editor1-first=Anindita |editor1-last=Sanyal |work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> Mann took the oath as the 17th [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]] on 16 March 2022 at [[Khatkar Kalan]], the ancestral village of freedom fighter [[Bhagat Singh]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 March 2022 |title='Will take oath in Bhagat Singh's ancestral village, not Raj Bhawan':, Bhagwant |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/punjab-assembly-election/will-take-oath-in-bhagat-singh-s-ancestral-village-not-raj-bhawan-bhagwant-101646907325044.html |first1=Kanishka |last1=Singharia |editor1-first=Chandrashekar |editor1-last=Srinivasan |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Badhta Punjab">{{cite news |title="Badhta Punjab," Says Bhagwant Mann As He Takes Charge |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bhagwant-mann-aam-aadmi-party-leader-takes-oath-as-punjab-chief-minister-2825854 |work=NDTV.com |date=16 March 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Ending VIP culture ===<br />
Even before taking the oath, CM designate Mann took steps to end the [[VIP culture]] and met the [[Director general of police|Director General of Police]]. The next day the police DGP in charge of security ordered the withdrawal of police security from 122 former MLAs and ministers. A total of 384 policemen involved in the security of those politicians were transferred to their parent unit. Mann had stated that the police force was needed for the security of the people and not VIPs. The security of former chief ministers was continued as they had been provided security on the instructions of the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Union Home Ministry]].<ref name="The Asian Age">{{cite news |title=AAP's Bhagwant Mann withdraws security for VIPs, stakes claim |url=https://asianage.com/india/all-india/130322/aaps-bhagwant-mann-withdraws-security-for-vips-stakes-claim.html |access-date=13 March 2022 |work=The Asian Age |date=13 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="VVIP 12 March 2022">{{cite news |title=AAP Effect: 122 Punjab VVIPs lose personal security |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/states/aap-effect-122-punjab-vvips-lose-personal-security-1503051591.html |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=The Statesman |date=12 March 2022}}</ref> AAP convener [[Arvind Kejriwal]] said Mann had "removed the security of old ministers and gave security to the public".<ref name="NDTV Targets 20 March 2022">{{cite news |title="Bhagwant Mann Set Targets For Every Minister And If...": Arvind Kejriwal |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bhagwant-mann-set-targets-for-every-minister-and-if-arvind-kejriwal-2832327 |access-date=20 March 2022 |work=NDTV.com |date=20 March 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Employment ===<br />
On 19 March 2022, during the first Cabinet meeting, Mann announced his decision to fill 25,000 job openings in various departments of Punjab government. 10,000 of those vacancies were in the [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]].<ref name="NDTV 25K 19 March 2022">{{cite news |title=25,000 Government Jobs For Punjab: New Chief Minister's 1st Decision |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/25-000-government-jobs-for-punjab-new-chief-minister-bhagwant-manns-1st-decision-2831372 |access-date=19 March 2022 |work=NDTV.com|agency=Press Trust of India |date=19 March 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 22 March, he announced his decision to make the 35,000 employees in the state working on a temporary, contractual basis permanent government employees. He will bring a bill to the assembly to this effect. Announcing his decision he said, "I don't want these teachers protesting on the roads, I had promised to regularize their services if we are voted to power and I am fulfilling my promise."<ref name="Tribune News 22 March 2022">{{cite news |title=Punjab to regularise services of 35,000 Group C and D employees, CM Bhagwant Mann announces 'historic decision' |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/bhagwant-mann-announces-to-regularise-services-of-35-000-group-c-and-d-employees-of-punjab-379758 |access-date=22 March 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=22 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 5 September, Teachers' Day in 2022, he announced that payment of teachers from government institutions in Punjab will be according to UGC's Seventh Pay Commission from 1 October 2022.<ref name="the-hindu-5-sep-2022">{{cite news |title=Punjab to pay teachers in line with UGC's Seventh Pay Commission |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/punjab-to-pay-teachers-in-line-with-ugcs-seventh-pay-commission/article65854171.ece |access-date=2022-09-06 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2022-09-05}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Education ===<br />
On 30 March 2022, Mann ordered that private schools could not hike their school fees in the year 2022. He also ordered that no school could force the parents to make school-related purchases from exclusive stores. This was done to protect consumers from an imposed monopoly.<ref name="Private schools Tribune 30 March 2022">{{cite news |title=Private schools can't hike fee in Punjab this year, Bhagwant Mann's big decision on education |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/big-announcement-on-the-way-from-cm-bhagwant-mann-382116 |access-date=30 March 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref> On 10 September 2022, he announced bus services for girl students in Punjab government schools.<ref name="the-hindu-5-sep-2022" /><br />
<br />
=== Agriculture ===<br />
On 18 March, the day of the [[Holi]] festival, Mann announced a compensation of {{INRConvert|1010|m}} for [[farmers]] whose cotton crops were damaged by the [[pink bollworm]].<ref name="Cotton compensation 18 March 2022">{{cite news |title=Punjab: AAP govt releases Rs 101 cr as compensation for cotton crop damaged by pink bollworm |url=https://theprint.in/india/punjab-aap-govt-releases-rs-101-cr-as-compensation-for-cotton-crop-damaged-by-pink-bollworm/879245/ |access-date=20 March 2022 |work=ThePrint |date=18 March 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Transportation ===<br />
In June 2022, Mann announced [[Volvo bus]] service between [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|IGI Airport]] and different Punjab cities of the state. The tariff charged by the PRTC and PEPSU buses for the airport were announced at half the rates being charged by the private bus operators. Mann said that this service would break the monopoly of a few families in the bus business with political links.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Service |first1=Tribune News |title=Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann aims to break monopoly of private bus operators; announces to ply buses to Delhi airport from June 15 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-cm-bhagwant-mann-to-make-big-announcement-at-2pm-today-402720 |access-date=10 June 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Electricity ===<br />
Fulfilling their election promise of providing free electricity, from 1 July 2022 the people in Punjab would get 300 units of free electricity. 7339,000 domestic consumers were estimated to benefit from the scheme.<ref name="Free Electricity">{{cite news |title=Beginning today, people in Punjab to get 300 units of free power each month |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/beginning-today-people-in-punjab-to-get-300-units-of-free-power-each-month-408512 |access-date=1 July 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=1 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Health ===<br />
On 15 August 2022, 75 [[Mohalla Clinics|Aam Aadmi Clinics]] were made functional.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-15 |title=India at 75 {{!}} On I-Day, Punjab CM Mann launches 75 'Aam Aadmi Clinics' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/india-at-75-on-i-day-punjab-cm-mann-launches-75-aam-aadmi-clinics/article65771334.ece |access-date=2022-08-15 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Language and Culture ===<br />
On 19 November 2022, while giving a speech at Guru Nanak Dev University to commemorate Punjabi Language Month, Mann announced a government policy to require all public signboards to prominently feature Punjabi over other languages. He encouraged citizens to change their signs before 21 February 2023, after which the government will begin enforcing the rule. He also exhorted educational institutions to begin adding specialized Punjabi language courses, citing his perceived decline in the proper use of Punjabi pronunciation and grammatical rules.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 November 2022 |title=CM Bhagwant Mann calls upon people to start a mass movement to write signboards in Punjabi |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/cm-bhagwant-mann-calls-upon-people-to-start-mass-movement-to-write-signboards-in-punjabi-452608 |access-date=19 November 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Electoral performance ==<br />
=== Parliament: Lok Sabha ===<br />
{| class="sortable wikitable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Constituency<br />
! colspan="2"|Party<br />
! Votes<br />
! %<br />
! Opponent<br />
! colspan="2" |<small>Opponent Party</small><br />
! <small>Opponent Votes</small><br />
! %<br />
! <small>Result</small><br />
! Margin<br />
! %<br />
|-<br />
! [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<br />
| rowspan=2|[[Sangrur Lok Sabha constituency|Sangrur]]<br />
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
| 413,561<br />
| 37.4<br />
| <small>[[Kewal Singh Dhillon]]</small><br />
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| 303,350<br />
| 27.43<br />
| {{yes2|Won}}<br />
| 110,211<br />
| 9.97<br />
|-<br />
! [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<br />
| 533,237<br />
| 48.47<br />
| <small>[[Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa]]</small><br />
| {{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}<br />
| 321,516<br />
| 29.23<br />
| {{yes2|Won}}<br />
| 211,721<br />
| 19.24<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Punjab Legislative Assembly Elections ===<br />
{| class="sortable wikitable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Constituency<br />
! colspan=2|Party<br />
! Votes<br />
! %<br />
! Opponent<br />
! colspan=2|Opponent Party<br />
! Opponent Votes<br />
! %<br />
! Result<br />
! Margin<br />
! %<br />
|-<br />
! [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br />
| [[Dhuri Assembly constituency|Dhuri]]<br />
| {{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
| 82,592<br />
| 64.29<br />
| <small>[[Dalvir Singh Goldy]]</small><br />
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| 24,386<br />
| 18.98<br />
| {{yes2|Won}}<br />
| 58,206<br />
| 45.31<br />
|-<br />
! [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<br />
| [[Jalalabad, Punjab Assembly constituency|Jalalabad]]<br />
| 56,771<br />
| 33.8<br />
| <small>[[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]</small><br />
| {{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}<br />
| 75,271<br />
| 44.82<br />
| {{no2|Lost}}<br />
| −18,500<br />
| −11.02<br />
|-<br />
! [[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]]<br />
| [[Lehra Assembly constituency|Lehra]]<br />
| {{Party name with color|People's Party of Punjab}}<br />
| 26,136<br />
| 21.79<br />
| <small>[[Rajinder Kaur Bhattal]]</small><br />
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| 44,706<br />
| 37.27<br />
| {{no2|Lost}}<br />
| −18,570<br />
| −15.48<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Philanthropy ==<br />
Mann began a [[Non-governmental organization|non-government organization]], the Lok Lehar Foundation, to aid children with physical deformities as a result of [[groundwater pollution]] in the border areas of Punjab.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?714518 |title=Children Developing Deformities in Punjab's Borders |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=9 March 2011 |access-date=19 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312030509/http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?714518 |archive-date=12 March 2011 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Mann is a comic poet who writes political satire. He is also a volleyball player.<ref>{{Citation|title=Off The Record Ep. 09 ft. Bhagwant Mann, Member of Lok Sabha and President, AAP Punjab|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CFxjAL1nR0g |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/CFxjAL1nR0g |archive-date=21 December 2021 |url-status=live|language=en|access-date=25 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
He was married to Inderpreet Kaur until their divorce in 2015. They have a son (Dilshan) and a daughter (Seerat).<ref name="SheThePeople-16Mar22">{{cite news |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/shestars/who-is-inderpreet-kaur/ |title=Who Is Inderpreet Kaur? Ex- Wife Of The New Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann |date=16 March 2022 |work=She The People, The Women's Channel |first1=Priya |last1=Prakash}}</ref><ref name="IndianExpress-16Mar22">{{cite news |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=16 March 2022 |first1=Divya |last1=Goyal |title=Bhagwant Mann swearing-in: 'He was always in my prayers, will always be..,' says ex-wife; children reach India to attend ceremony |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/bhagwant-mann-swearing-in-he-was-always-in-my-prayers-will-always-be-says-ex-wife-both-children-reach-india-to-attend-ceremony-7821667/}}</ref><br />
<br />
At the age of 48, Mann married 32-year-old Gurpreet Kaur in 2022. She is a doctor by profession.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Service |first1=Tribune News |title=Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann to get married tomorrow |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-cm-bhagwant-mann-to-get-married-tomorrow-410026 |access-date=6 July 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=6 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=<br />
https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/who-is-dr-gurpreet-kaur-punjab-cm-bhagwant-mann-s-bride-6-facts-101657154771547.html |title=Who is Dr Gurpreet Kaur, Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann's bride? 6 facts|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=7 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=From Karahi Paneer to Lasagna Siciliano..: An elaborate spread at Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann's wedding|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/bhagwant-mann-marries-dr-gurpreet-kaur-wedding-over-this-is-the-lunch-menu-101657176805608.html|date=7 July 2022|newspaper=Hindustan Times}}</ref> They have a daughter, born in March 2024.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bhagwant Mann welcomes baby girl with second wife, shares first pic of newborn|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/trending/bhagwant-mann-welcomes-baby-girl-with-second-wife-shares-first-pic-of-newborn-101711619280481.html|date=28 March 2024|newspaper=Hindustan Times}}</ref><br />
<br />
Addressing a rally in Barnala in January 2019, Mann said he had stopped consuming alcohol, on his mother's advice.<ref>{{Cite web |title=When Bhagwant Mann pledged to quit alcohol on mother's advice |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/when-bhagwant-mann-pledged-to-quit-alcohol-on-mothers-advice-2002998-2022-09-21 |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Maan's daughter Seerat accused him of physical abuse towards her and her mother, alcoholism, and habitual lying. She also said that she would refer to him as CM Maan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann's daughter accuses him of neglecting family<br />
|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/state/punjab/viral-video-of-punjab-cm-bhagwant-mann-daughter-seerat/na20231209230039318318015 |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Discography ==<br />
=== Comedy ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Album<br />
! Record label<br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
| ''Kulfi Garma Garam 2''<br />
| Amar Audio<br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
| ''Just Laugh Baki Maaf''<br />
| M Series<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| ''Haas-Haas Ke''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| ''Bhagwant Mann Most Wanted''<br />
| Creative Audio Productions<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''Kee Main Jhooth Boliya''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| ''Sawdhan! Age Bhagwant Mann''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
| ''Bhagwant Mann Full Speed''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2001<br />
| ''Bhagwant Mann Non-Stop''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2001<br />
| ''Bhagwant Mann Hazir Ho''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
| ''Sadi Billi Sanu Miaun''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
| ''Bhagwant Mann 420''<br />
| Sun Music<br />
|-<br />
| 1999<br />
| ''Lallu Kare Kawaliya''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1998<br />
| ''Gustakhi Maaf''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1997<br />
| ''Rukawat Ke Liye Khed Hai''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1997<br />
| ''Khariya Khariya''<br />
| Tips<br />
|-<br />
| 1996<br />
| ''Kursi Rani''<br />
| Tips<br />
|-<br />
| 1995<br />
| ''Jaagde Raho''<br />
| Peritone<br />
|-<br />
| 1995<br />
| ''Dhakka Start''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1995<br />
| ''Panj Duni Veeh''<br />
| T-Series/MTL/AMC<br />
|-<br />
| 1994<br />
| ''Koko De Bachhe''<br />''Mummy Daddy Murdabaad''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />AMC United States<br />
|-<br />
| 1994<br />
| ''Bol Madaari Bol''<br />
| Peritone<br />
|-<br />
| 1994<br />
| ''Mithiya Mircha''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />MTL Canada<br />
|-<br />
| 1993<br />
| ''Kulfi Garma Garam''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />MTL Canada<br />
|-<br />
| 1992<br />
| ''Gobhi Diye Kachiye Vaparanay''<br />
| Creative Music Company<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Musical ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Album<br />
! Record label<br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
| ''Rangle Punjab Nu Bachayin''<br />
| Eagle<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''Aawaaz – The Voice''<br />
| Point Zero<br />
|-<br />
| 2001<br />
| ''Dam Lai Lo''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
| ''Jattan Da Munda Gaun Lagia''<br />
| Sun Music<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
| ''[[22g Tussi Ghaint Ho]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| ''[[Police in Pollywood]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| ''Moga to Melbourne Via Chandigarh''<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
| ''[[Hero Hitler in Love]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''[[Sukhmani – Hope for Life]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''[[Ekam – Son of Soil]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| ''[[Apne]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2001<br />
| ''Sikandera''<br />
|-<br />
|1998<br />
| ''[[Main Maa Punjab Dee]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1996<br />
| ''Sukha''<br />
|-<br />
| 1995<br />
| ''Nain Preeto De''<br />
|-<br />
| 1994<br />
| ''Tabaahi''<br />
|-<br />
| 1994<br />
| ''Kachehri''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Videography ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Album<br />
! Record label<br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
| ''Chappa Chappa Charkha Chale''<br />
| Eagle<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''Jhanda Amli Kachahri Vich''<br />
| Eagle<br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
| ''Just Laugh Baki Maaf''<br />
| M Series<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| ''My Name is Mann''<br />
| Eagle<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| ''Pappu Da Dhaba''<br />
| Eagle<br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| ''Punjabi Bluff Master''<br />
| Eagle<br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| ''Pappu Baneya Neta''<br />
| Eagle<br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| ''Pappu Bhaa Ji M.B.B.S.''<br />
| Eagle<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| ''Pappu Pass Ho Gaya''<br />
| Eagle<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''Kee Main Jhooth Boliya''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| ''Sawdhan Agge Bhagwant Mann''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
| ''Bhagwant Mann Full Speed''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
| ''Bhagwant Mann Non-Stop Vol 2''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2001<br />
| ''Bhagwant Mann Non-Stop Vol 1''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1999<br />
| ''Bhagwant Mann Hazir Ho''<br />
| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4635 Biographical sketch of Lok Sabha member]<br />
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[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maliyekkal_Mariyumma&diff=515474Maliyekkal Mariyumma2026-03-14T18:56:44Z<p>Priyupranav: starting bio</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian social reformer}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Mariyumma Mayanali<br />
| image = File:English mariyumma - thalasseri.jpg<br />
| imagesize = 160 px <br />
| caption = Mariyumma in 2009<br />
| birth_date = 1925<br />
| birth_place = [[Kerala]], India<br />
| death_date = 5 August 2022 <br />
| occupation = <br />
| yearsactive = <br />
| parents = <br />
| spouse = <br />
| relatives = <br />
| children = 4<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Mariyumma Mayanali''', known as '''Maliyekkal Mariyumma''' (1925 - 5 August 2022) was an Indian [[Reform movement|social reformer]] from [[Kerala]], who is considered as one of the important icons in the history of women's progress in Kerala.<ref name="Icon">{{Cite web |author=News9 Staff |date=2022-08-06 |title=Maliyekkal Mariyumma, icon of girls education in Kerala, no more |url=https://www.news9live.com/state/kerala/maliyekkal-mariyumma-icon-of-girls-education-in-kerala-no-more-187639 |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=NEWS9LIVE |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-06 |title=Maliyekkal Mariyumma, the first Muslim woman in North Kerala to get English education, dies at 95 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/thiruvananthapuram/maliyekkal-mariyumma-first-muslim-woman-kerala-english-education-dies-at-95-8073875/ |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She was the first [[Muslims|Muslim]] woman in [[North Malabar|Northern Kerala]] to get an [[English language|English]] education.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-09-30 |title=At 85, the full joys of a lettered life |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/At-85-the-full-joys-of-a-lettered-life/article12540198.ece |access-date=2023-01-09 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> When the Muslim community during her time turned its back on public education, Mariyumma, who was a member of the [[Thalassery]] Maliyekkal family, joined a convent school and passed the fifth form, equivalent to the present tenth class and learned English.<ref name="Icon"/> She is also known for forming the Women's Society and fought against the [[Dowry system in India|dowry system]], which still exists in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-05 |title=പൊരുതി നേടിയഅക്ഷര പ്രകാശമണഞ്ഞു...മാളിയേക്കൽ മറിയുമ്മ ഇനി ചരിത്രം'ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് മറിയുമ്മ'യ്ക്ക് നാടിന്റെ അന്ത്യാഞ്ജലി - Kannadiparamba Online News |url=https://kannadiparambaonline.com/17173/ |access-date=2023-01-09 |language=en-US |archive-date=9 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109150458/https://kannadiparambaonline.com/17173/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Column {{!}} Why Malayalis need to record oral histories |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/lifestyle/keralaspora/2022/11/14/malayalis-oral-histories-maliyekkal-mariyumma.html |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=OnManorama}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Maliyekal Mariumma was born in 1925 as the daughter of Manjumma and O. V Abdullah, who was a Muslim community leader. Her parents had participated in the [[Khilafat Movement]]. She studied English from a convent school at a time when Muslim women were very backward in the field of education.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maliyekkal Mariyumma, first Muslim woman in Kerala to learn English no more |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2022/aug/06/maliyekkal-mariyumma-first-muslim-woman-in-kerala-to-learn-english-no-more-2484548.html |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> She joined [[Thalassery]] Sacred Heart School in 1938, which was run by the [[nun]]s in [[Mangalore]] and studied up to fifth standard which is equivalent to today's class ten.<ref>{{Cite web |last=The |first=Desk |date=10 August 2022 |title=യാഥാത്ഥികതയോട് പൊരുതി ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം നേടി; സ്ത്രീകൾക്ക് വേണ്ടി നിരന്ത്രം പോരാടി, മാളിയേക്കല് മറിയുമ്മ ഇനി ഓർമ്മ |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/local-news/kannur/maliyekkal-mariyumma-passes-away/articleshow/93377876.cms |access-date= |website=Samayam Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref> She was the only Muslim woman among the 200 students in the school. Mariyumma went to school until her marriage in 1943.<ref>{{Cite news |last=K |first=ഹാഫിസ് |date=12 March 2013 |title=ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് മറിയുമ്മ |pages=4, 5 |work=മാധ്യമം}}</ref> Later, when she became pregnant, she started studying at home and became active in social activities. Mariyumma was also known for speech in English.<ref>{{Cite web |title=മാളിയേക്കൽ മറിയുമ്മ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസത്തിലൂടെ വിപ്ലവം നടത്തിയ വനിത- പി. ജയരാജൻ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/literature/news/cpm-leader-and-khadi-board-chairman-p-jayarajan-pays-homage-to-maliyekkal-mariyumma-1.7762582 |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref> Mariyumma, who held progressive ideas made some important interventions for the upliftment of women, especially the women among the Muslim community. The Women's Society established under the leadership of Mariyumma worked for the upliftment of women.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ഡെസ്ക് |first=വെബ് |title=മാളിയേക്കല് മറിയുമ്മ ഓര്മ്മയാകുമ്പോള് |url=https://www.thefourthnews.in/news/keralam/maliyekkal-mariyumma-passed-away |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=The Fourth |language=ml |archive-date=9 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109153758/https://www.thefourthnews.in/news/keralam/maliyekkal-mariyumma-passed-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> During her final days, she used to read [[The Hindu]], an English newspaper. She died on 5 August 2022 due to age-related issues.<ref>{{Cite web |title=വയസ്സ് 90; രാവിലെ ഉണർന്നാൽ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് പത്രം നിർബന്ധം, പാചകത്തിലും ബഹുകേമി |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/women/family-corner/inspirational-life-story-of-mariyumma.html |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=ManoramaOnline}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Women from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Indian feminists]]<br />
[[Category:1925 births]]<br />
[[Category:2022 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian women]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Riga_Gaon&diff=530480Riga Gaon2026-03-11T07:10:55Z<p>Priyupranav: Starting A Entry W/ Sources - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Village in Mithila}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Riga Gaon<br />
| official_name = Riga<br />
| native_name = रीगा<br />
| native_name_lang = Mai<br />
| settlement_type = Village<br />
| mapframe-coordinates = {{Coord|26.6586548|N|85.4297472|E}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = India<br />
| subdivision_type1 = State<br />
| subdivision_name1 = Bihar<br />
| subdivision_type2 = Region<br />
| subdivision_name2 = Mithila<br />
| subdivision_type3 = Division<br />
| subdivision_name3 = Tirhut<br />
| named_for = Rigaveda<br />
| population_total = 27518<br />
| population_demonym = [[Maithil]]<br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
*Mother tongue <br />
*Ancient<br />
| footnotes = *Seat of learning Rigaveda in ancient Mithila<br />
*First villages of India<br />
| demographics1_info1 = Hindi<br />
*[[Maithili language|Maithili]]<br />
*[[Sanskrit]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Riga''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: रीगा) is a historical village in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is located in the [[Sitamarhi district]] of [[Bihar]] in India. In ancient period, the village was the seat of learning [[Rigveda|Rigaveda]] in Mithila. It was a prominent centre for [[Sanskrit and Vedic learning in Mithila]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mishra |first=Vijayakanta |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Cultural_Heritage_of_Mithila.html?id=8FBuAAAAMAAJ#Riga |title=Cultural Heritage of Mithila |date=1979 |publisher=Mithila Prakasana |pages=138 |language=en}}</ref> The village holds a major sugar mill of the region. The sugar mill is popularly known as Riga sugar mill.<ref>{{Cite news |title=रीगा मिल के तुगलकी फरमान से बिचौलिए के हाथ गन्ना बेचने को विवश है किसान... |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/sitamarhi-riga-sugar-mill-closed-farmers-angry-selling-sugarcane-on-half-price-local18-9062183.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250227174250/https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/sitamarhi-riga-sugar-mill-closed-farmers-angry-selling-sugarcane-on-half-price-local18-9062183.html |archive-date=2025-02-27 |access-date=2026-01-27 |work=News18 हिंदी |language=hi-IN}}</ref> Riga is also a block as well as constituency in the Sitamarhi district.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Riga vidhan sabha Chunav Result: लगातार तीन बार से NDA का दबदबा रहा, इस बार नई पार्टी की एंट्री; किसे मिलेगी बढ़त? - riga vidhan sabha chunav result 2025 rjd vs jdu vs bjp vs congress winner loser and latest update |url=https://www.jagran.com/elections/bihar-vidhan-sabha-riga-vidhan-sabha-chunav-result-2025-rjd-vs-jdu-vs-bjp-vs-congress-winner-loser-and-latest-update-40038887.html |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Riga Assembly Election 2025: Riga Election Candidates List, MLA, Election Date, Constituency Map, Seat Chunav Results, Vote Share News in Hindi {{!}} रीगा विधानसभा चुनाव परिणाम 2025 |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/assembly-chunav/bihar/riga-assembly-result-4023 |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=AajTak |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-17 |title=Riga Vidhaanasabha: भारत का पहला गांव और संघर्ष करती चीनी मिल,रीगा की अधूरी कहानी |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/bihar-election/riga-constituency/riga-vidhaanasabha-indias-first-village-and-struggling-sugar-mill-the-incomplete-story-of-riga |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Riga Vidhan Sabha Seat: नेपाल बॉर्डर पर भारत का पहला गांव है रीगा, यहां JDU का साथ पाते ही खिल उठता है कमल! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/sitamarhi/riga-assembly-seat-profile-minister-moti-lal-prasad-bjp-vs-congress-bihar-vidhan-sabha-chunav-2025/2859245 |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=Zee-Bihar-Jharkhand |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
The village is located near [[India–Nepal border|Indo-Nepal border]] area. Since its locality near border area, the village is also designated as one of the "first villages of India" by the [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister]] [[Narendra Modi]].<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Demographics ==<br />
Riga is a large village in the Sitamarhi district. As per the census of 2011, the number of families residing in this village is 5766. The total population of the village is 27518, of which 14572 are male while 12946 are females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population finder {{!}} Government of India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251230025238/https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder |archive-date=2025-12-30 |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=censusindia.gov.in |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
{{Sitamarhi-geo-stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Sitamarhi district]]<br />
[[Category:Sanskrit and Vedic learning in Mithila]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhopal%E2%80%93Chopan_Weekly_Express&diff=491306Bhopal–Chopan Weekly Express2026-03-06T16:57:33Z<p>Priyupranav: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Train in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox rail service<br />
| name = Bhopal - Chopan Express<br />
| logo = Ministry of Railways India.svg<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]<br />
| status = Active<br />
| locale = [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| first = {{start date and age|2026|3|1|df=yes}}<br />
| operator = [[West Central Railway zone|West Central (WC)]]<br />
| ridership = <br />
| start = [[Bhopal Junction]] '''(BPL)'''<br />
| end = [[Chopan]] '''(CPU)'''<br />
| stops = 17<br />
| distance = {{convert|723|km|0|abbr=on}}<br />
| journeytime = 13h 55m<br />
| frequency = Weekly<br />
| trainnumber = 11633 / 11634<br />
| line_used = <br />
| class = General Unreserved, Sleeper Class, AC 1st Class, AC 2nd Class, AC 3rd Class<br />
| seating = Yes<br />
| sleeping = Yes<br />
| catering = Pantry Car<br />
| observation = Large windows<br />
| entertainment = <br />
| baggage = No<br />
| otherfacilities = Below the seats<br />
| stock = [[LHB coach]]<br />
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}<br />
| el = [[25 kV 50 Hz AC]] Overhead line<br />
| speed = {{convert|130|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum, <br/>{{convert|52|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.<br />
| owners = [[Indian Railways]]<br />
| map = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The 11633 / 11634 '''Bhopal–Chopan Weekly Express''' is an [[Express train|express]] train belonging to [[West Central Railway zone]] that runs between the city [[Bhopal Junction railway station|Bhopal Junction]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Chopan railway station|Chopan]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |trans-title=2 new express trains will operate between Bhopal and Dhanbad Chopan, know timetable and route |script-title=hi: ट्रेन बदलने की झंझट खत्म! MP से UP और झारखंड के लिए जल्द शुरू होंगी 2 नई एक्सप्रेस ट्रेनें, जानें रूट और टाइमटेबल |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh/bhopal/2-new-express-trains-will-operate-between-bhopal-and-dhanbad-chopan-know-timetable-and-route/3098995 |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=11633 Bhopal - Chopan Weekly Express Train Route, Schedule, Time Table {{!}} Bhopal Jn (BPL) to Chopan (CPU) |url=https://www.ixigo.com/trains/11633 |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=[[ixigo]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
It operates as train number 11633 from [[Bhopal Junction railway station|Bhopal Junction]] to [[Chopan railway station|Chopan]] and as train number 11634 in the reverse direction, serving the states of [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-03 |title=भोपाल से धनबाद और चोपन के लिए नई एक्सप्रेस ट्रेन इसी माह से, देखें टाइमटेबल और रूट |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/state/new-express-trains-bhopal-to-dhanbad-and-chopan-full-timetable-route-vande-bharat-train-madhya-pradesh-news-mps26020301549 |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=[[ETV Bharat News]] |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Services ==<br />
* 11633/ Bhopal–Chopan Weekly Express has an average speed of 52 km/h and covers 723 km in 13h 55m.<br />
* 11634/ Chopan–Bhopal Weekly Express has an average speed of 52 km/h and covers 723 km in 13h 50m. <br />
<br />
== Route and halts ==<br />
The important halts of the train are :<br />
<br />
* '''[[Bhopal Junction railway station|Bhopal Junction]]'''<br />
* [[Vidisha railway station|Vidisha]]<br />
* [[Ganj Basoda railway station|Ganj Basoda]]<br />
* [[Bina Junction railway station|Bina Junction]]<br />
* [[Saugor railway station|Saugor]]<br />
* [[Damoh railway station|Damoh]]<br />
* [[Katni Murwara Junction railway station|Katni Murwara Junction]]<br />
* Khanna Banjari<br />
* [[Beohari railway station|Beohari]]<br />
* [[Marwas|Marwas Gram]]<br />
* Sarai Gram<br />
* [[Bargawan railway station|Bargawan]] <br />
* [[Singrauli railway station|Singrauli]] <br />
* Karaila Road Junction<br />
* [[Mircha|Mirchadhuri]] <br />
* [[Obra Dam railway station|Obra Dam]] <br />
* '''[[Chopan railway station|Chopan]]'''<br />
<br />
== Schedule ==<br />
• 11633 - 8:55 PM (Sunday) [Bhopal Junction]<br />
<br />
• 11634 - 5:10 PM (Monday) [Chopan]<br />
<br />
== Coach composition ==<br />
<br />
# General Unreserved - 4<br />
# Sleeper Class - 7<br />
# AC 3rd Class - 6<br />
# AC 2nd Class - 2<br />
# AC 1st Class - 1<br />
<br />
== Traction ==<br />
As the entire route is fully electrified it is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Itarsi|Itarsi Loco Shed]]-based [[Indian locomotive class WAP-7|WAP-7]] electric locomotive from [[Bhopal Junction railway station|Bhopal Junction]] to [[Chopan railway station|Chopan]] and vice versa.<br />
<br />
== Rake share ==<br />
The train will rake sharing with [[Bhopal–Dhanbad Express]] (11631/11632).<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
Trains from [[Bhopal Junction railway station|Bhopal Junction]] :<br />
<br />
# [[Bhopal–Pratapgarh Express (via Lucknow)]]<br />
# [[Howrah–Bhopal Weekly Express]]<br />
# [[Amarkantak Express]]<br />
# [[Bhopal–Bilaspur Express]]<br />
# [[Bhopal–Jaipur Express]]<br />
<br />
Trains from [[Chopan railway station|Chopan]] : <br />
<br />
# [[Cholan Express]]<br />
# [[Ranchi–Chopan Express]]<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
a. Runs a day in a week with both directions. <br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category: Express trains in India]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sreekrishnapurathe_Nakshathrathilakkam&diff=536993Sreekrishnapurathe Nakshathrathilakkam2026-03-03T21:17:56Z<p>Priyupranav: Done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1998 film by Rajasenan}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Sreekrishnapurathe Nakshathrathilakkam<br />
| image =<br />
<br />
| caption =<br />
| director = [[Rajasenan]]<br />
| producer = Rajan<br />
| writer = Mani Shornur, Rajan Kizhakkanela (dialogues)<br />
| screenplay = Mani Shornur<br />
| story = Mani Shornur<br />
| narrator =<br />
| starring = [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]<br>[[Cochin Haneefa]]<br>[[Jagathy Sreekumar]]<br>[[Nagma]]<br>[[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]]<br>[[Kalaranjini]]<br>[[Bindu Panicker]]<br>[[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]]<br />
| music = [[Berny Ignatius]]<br />
| cinematography = K. P. Nambiyathiri<br />
| editing = [[K. P. Hariharaputhran]]<br />
| studio = Highness Arts<br />
| distributor = Kavyachandrika Release<br />
| released = {{Film date|1998|4|5|[[India]]}}<br />
| runtime = 162 minutes <br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| language = [[Malayalam]]<br />
| budget =<br />
| gross =<br />
}}<br />
'''''Sreekrishnapurathe Nakshathrathilakkam''''' ({{Translation|A Shining Star in Sreekrishnapuram}}) is a [[List of Malayalam films of 1998|1998]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam-language]] [[Comedy film|comedy]] [[Drama film|drama]] [[film]], directed by [[Rajasenan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0274104/|title = Sreekrishnapurathe Nakshathrathilakkam| website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref> It is a [[remake]] of the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] [[film]] ''[[Bama Vijayam (1967 film)|Bama Vijayam]]'' (1967). The film features [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Cochin Haneefa]], [[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]], [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]], [[Kalaranjini]], [[Bindu Panicker]] and [[Nagma]] (In her [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam debut]]), although her previous Malayalam film, “Anna” was officially unreleased to date.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/sreekrishnapurathe-nakshathrathilakkam/cast-crew.html|title=Sreekrishnapurathe Nakshathrathilakkam Cast & Crew, Sreekrishnapurathe Nakshathrathilakkam Malayalam Movie Cast, Actors, Actress}}</ref> It was produced by Highness Arts and was distributed by ''Kavyachandrika Release''. The story and screenplay of the movie were written by Mani Shornur, to which Rajan Kizhakkanela added the dialogues.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/sreekrishnapurathe-nakshathrathilakkam.html|title = Sreekrishnapurathe Nakshathrathilakkam (1998) &#124; Sreekrishnapurathe Nakshathrathilakkam Movie &#124; Sreekrishnapurathe Nakshathrathilakkam Malayalam Movie Cast & Crew, Release Date, Review, Photos, Videos}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/malayalam-film-titles-that-are-literally-tongue-twisters/photostory/87588107.cms | title=Malayalam film titles that are literally tongue twisters | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=8 November 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/malayalam-cinema-and-the-multiverse-of-misogyny-7807136/ | title=Malayalam cinema and the multiverse of misogyny | date=9 March 2022 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
<br />
The plot revolves around the life in a typical, Malayali household named Shanthi Nilayam - consisting of four brothers: Nandakumar, a [[Hindi|Hindi teacher]] in the local school, Krishnakumar, a [[Court clerk|court office clerk]], Gopakumar, a [[medical representative]] and Chandrakumar, a college student. The first three brothers are married to: Kausalya, Anandavalli and Indumathi, who are three naive and shallow wives who adore their husbands dearly and the husbands equally love. The family is headed by their father, Munshi Parameshwaran Pillai, a widowed veteran [[Gandhians|Gandhian teacher]] respected by everyone in their village, who also home schools his grandchildren. The youngest brother Chandrakumar is in love with his to-be engaged fiancée, Asha, his cousin. Their relationship is oppressed by the family members because of a small feud between them. But otherwise, the household is a happy, peaceful and satisfied one until the arrival of their new neighbor, who is an irresistibly charming and beautiful [[South Indian film]] heroine Yamuna Rani. This turns the household upside down and sends the ladies into a frenzy. The ladies, in order to please the superstar, glamourise themselves, their husbands and the house. Thus, they form a formidable friendship with Yamuna Rani. Soon, trouble starts to brew when the loan with which they bought their new household items in order to impress Yamuna Rani needs to be paid back to the moneylender. The trouble further escalates when the ladies, each, receive a letter from an anonymous identity, which claims that one of the three men are having an extramarital affair with Yamuna Rani.<br />
<br />
With the arrival of the letter, which devastates the ladies, chaos ensues. The husbands are under severe under pressure from their respective wives, who are trying to find out who that one person is. The distraught wives go to Yamuna Rani and plead, and the next day, she attempts suicide. Thus the husbands are taken into custody by the local police on account of traumatising Yamuna Rani. Later it is revealed that it was Munshi Parameshwaran Pilla himself, who sent the letter to the ladies to end their modus operandi. Yamuna Rani recovers later and testifies that it was not because of the husbands, but because of her foster mother Santhanavalli, who was pressurizing her to act inappropriately in a certain movie, that led her to attempt suicide. In the end all's well - Yamuni Rani heading back to her illustrious career taking with her the love and affection shown by the members of Shanthi Nilayam and the families decide to support the relationship between Chandrakumar and Asha.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
*[[Nagma]] as Actress Yamunarani<br />
*[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Nanda Kumar (Hindi Teacher)<br />
*[[Cochin Haneefa]] as Krishna Kumar (High Court Clerk)<br />
*[[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Gopa Kumar (Medical Representative)<br />
*[[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]] as Kausalya<br />
*[[Kalaranjini]] as Anandavalli<br />
*[[Bindu Panicker]] as Indumathi<br />
*[[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]] as Munshi Parameshwara Pillai<br />
*[[Sudheesh]] as Chandra Kumar alias Chandru (College Student)<br />
*[[Praveena]] as Asha<br />
*[[K. T. S. Padannayil]] as Veera Vikraman Pillai, Grandfather of Kumar brothers<br />
*Yadukrishnan as Aniyankuttan, Asha's brother<br />
*[[Paravoor Ramachandran]] as 'Poothakodan' Velappan, Asha's father<br />
*[[Jagadish]] as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] 'Idivettu' Indrajith <br />
*[[Jose Pellisseri]] as Ram Kumar, Yamunarani's manager<br />
*[[Sajitha Betti]] as Kalyani<br />
*Ancy K. Thampi as Rakhi/Molly<br />
*[[Paravoor Bharathan]] as Kausalya's father<br />
*[[Poojappura Ravi]] as Anandavalli's father<br />
*[[Kochu Preman]] as Indhumathi's father<br />
*[[Meena Ganesh]] as Kausalya's mother<br />
*Cherthala Lalitha as Anandavalli's mother<br />
*Thrissur Elsy as Indumathi's mother<br />
*Kamala Devi as Yashoda, Asha's mother<br />
*[[Vadivukkarasi]] as Actress Santhanavalli<br />
*C.P. Prathapan as Production Manager<br />
*Elias Babu as Hydros<br />
*Kalabhavan Santhosh as Tea shop owner<br />
*KPAC Leelamani as Nurse<br />
*Bindu Murali as Yamunarani's Aaya<br />
*[[Appa Haja]] as Movie Director<br />
*Srihari as Movie Producer<br />
*[[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] as himself<br />
*[[Rajan P. Dev]] as himself<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The film's soundtrack contains 3 songs, all composed by [[Berny Ignatius]], with lyrics by [[S. Ramesan Nair]]. BGM for the movie was done by [[S. P. Venkatesh]].<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"<br />
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)<br />
|-<br />
| 1<br />
| "Ambilippoomarano"<br />
| [[K. S. Chitra]], [[M. G. Sreekumar]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2<br />
| "Oru Thulli Pala Thulli"<br />
| [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Daleema]]<br />
|-<br />
| 3<br />
| "Thaaram Thaaram"<br />
| K. J. Yesudas<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
Years later, this film is considered one of the best comedy films of all time in Malayalam. Even now, scenes from it are watched and shared on social media by fans.<br />
Indhumati C played by Bindu Panicker the wife of Gopakumar, a medical representative portrayed by Jagathy Sreekumar was the main highlight of the movie. Despite her limited education, Indumati frequently attempts to speak English with confidence, though her attempts often result in broken sentences with incorrect meanings. This aspect of her character serves as one of the main sources of humor throughout the movie. Indumati's use of English, despite the errors, gained recognition as a notable part of the film's humor. Her character, dialogues, and comic timing are often referenced in Kerala's entertainment culture. These elements have remained popular, with references to her role appearing on platforms like reels and TikTok.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/bindu-panicker-sai-kumar-and-kalyani-present-her-character-indumathi-and-scenes-mm-385671.html | title="Indumathi, English Mathi"; Bindu Panicker with her character's dialogues | publisher=[[News18 India]] | work=user_57 | date=23 May 2021 | accessdate=18 January 2025 | language=Malayalam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/actor-all-seasons-tracing-filmography-irrepressible-bindu-panicker-178722 | title=An actor for all seasons: Tracing the filmography of the irrepressible Bindu Panicker | publisher=[[The News Minute]] | work=Neelima Menon | date=20 June 2023 | accessdate=18 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/news/bindu-panicker-as-indumathi-again-in-latest-video-social-media-started-praising-071959.html | title=Bindu Panicker's Role as Indumati Sparks Laughter Again Alongside Sai Kumar and Kalyani, Video Goes Viral | publisher=[[Filmibeat]] | work=Midhun Raj | date=23 May 2021 | accessdate=18 January 2025 | language=Malayalam}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|id=0274104}}<br />
* [https://msidb.org/m.php?4420 ''Sreekrishnapurathe Nakshathrathilakkam'']&nbsp;– MalayalaSangeetham.info<br />
<br />
{{Rajasenan}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1998 films]]<br />
[[Category:1998 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Alappuzha]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Ottapalam]]<br />
[[Category:Malayalam remakes of Tamil films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Berny–Ignatius]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Rajasenan]]<br />
[[Category:1998 comedy films]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=My_Hero_(2024_film)&diff=519389My Hero (2024 film)2026-03-03T12:12:23Z<p>Priyupranav: starting new article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2024 Indian drama film}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = My Hero<br />
| image = My Hero (2024 film).jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = Avinash Vijaykumar<br />
| producer = Avinash Vijaykumar<br />
| writer = Avinash Vijaykumar<br />
| screenplay =<br />
| starring = {{plainlist|<br />
* Djilali Rez Kallah<br />
* Master Vedic Kushal<br />
* [[H. G. Dattatreya]]<br />
* [[Prakash Belawadi]]<br />
* [[Ankita Amar]]<br />
* [[Eric Roberts]]<br />
}}<br />
| music = {{Ubl<br />
| '''Songs:'''<br />
| Gagan Baderiya<br />
| Rusty Tinder<br />
| [[V. Manohar]] <br />
|'''Score:'''<br />
| V. Manohar }}<br />
| cinematography = {{Ubl<br />
| '''India:''' <br />
| Venus Nagaraj Murthy<br />
| '''United States:'''<br />
| Forrest Chiras<br />
| Akula Lokesh Babu }}<br />
| editing = Muthu Raj T<br />
| studio = AV Film Studios<ref name=":NIE2" /><br />
| distributor = [[PVR Inox Pictures]]<ref name=":NIE1" /><br />
| released = {{film date|2024|8|30|df=yes}}<br />
| runtime = 141 minutes<ref name=":BM1" /><br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Kannada <br />
| budget = <!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--><br />
| gross =<br />
}}<br />
'''''My Hero''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[drama film]] written and directed by Avinash Vijaykumar in his directorial debut. The film stars Djilali Rez Kallah, Master Vedic Kushal, [[H. G. Dattatreya]], [[Prakash Belawadi]], [[Ankita Amar]], and [[Eric Roberts]].<ref name=":CER" /><br />
<br />
''My Hero'' was released theatrically on 30 August 2024.<ref name=":NIE2" /><br />
<br />
== Plot summary ==<br />
<br />
''My Hero'' follows the emotional journey of a family coping with the challenges of memory loss caused by Alzheimer’s. Set against the backdrop of rarely explored locations in Madhya Pradesh, the film blends local and international perspectives to highlight themes of love, resilience, and social inequality. Told partly through the eyes of a young boy who has endured discrimination, the story emphasizes hope, faith, and the strength of human bonds. More than a film about illness, My Hero is a tribute to the human spirit and the enduring connections that help families face adversity together.<ref>{{cite web <br />
|title=My Hero on OTT <br />
|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/my-hero-on-ott/articleshow/121421281.cms <br />
|website=Bangalore Mirror <br />
|date=27 May 2025 <br />
|access-date=5 December 2025 <br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
* Djilali Rez Kallah as Gary<br />
* Master Vedic Kushal as Vishwa<br />
* [[H. G. Dattatreya]]<br />
* [[Prakash Belawadi]]<br />
* [[Ankita Amar]]<br />
* [[Eric Roberts]]<br />
* James Gioia<br />
* Niranjan Deshpande<br />
* Tanuja Krishnappa<br />
* Kshitij Pawar<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
The script for the film was written by Avinash Vijaykumar, who drew inspiration from two real-life incidents. One incident occurred in a village in [[North Karnataka]],<ref name=":ZN">{{cite news |title=My hero Kannada Movie releasing on august 30 {{!}} ನೈಜ ಘಟನೆ ಆಧರಿತ ಮೈ ಹೀರೋ ಚಿತ್ರ ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 30ಕ್ಕೆ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ {{!}} News in Kannada |url=https://zeenews.india.com/kannada/entertainment/my-hero-kannada-movie-releasing-on-august-30-236917/amp |work=zeenews.india.com |date=28 August 2024 |access-date=14 September 2024 |archive-date=15 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915052938/https://zeenews.india.com/kannada/entertainment/my-hero-kannada-movie-releasing-on-august-30-236917/amp |url-status=live}}</ref> where an [[Dalit|oppressed community]] boy's hand was severed after he attempted to touch an idol during a religious procession. Another incident involved [[Sylvester Stallone]]'s visit to [[Varanasi]] for a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] Tithi Shradh ritual in memory of his son, who died in 2012.<ref name=":DH" /> These two incidents were incorporated into a single narrative.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kotagunasi |first1=Manjunath B. |title=ದೇವರನ್ನು ಮುಟ್ಟಿದ ಬಾಲಕನಿಗೆ ಇದೆಂಥ ಶಿಕ್ಷೆ! ನೈಜ ಘಟನೆ ಆಧರಿತ ಮೈ ಹೀರೋ ಚಿತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ಹಾಲಿವುಡ್ ನಟ ಎರಿಕ್ ರಾಬರ್ಟ್ಸ್ |url=https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sandalwood-news-my-hero-kannada-movie-releasing-this-friday-august-29th-entertainment-news-in-kannada-mnk-181724855667957.html |work=Kannada Hindustan Times |date=28 August 2024 |language=kn |access-date=14 September 2024 |archive-date=15 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915052802/https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/amp/entertainment/sandalwood-news-my-hero-kannada-movie-releasing-this-friday-august-29th-entertainment-news-in-kannada-mnk-181724855667957.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=My Hero: ನೈಜ ಘಟನೆ ಆಧಾರಿತ ಮೈ ಹೀರೋ |url=https://m.udayavani.com/article/my-hero-kannada-movie/1695297?utm=relatednews |work=[[Udayavani]] |date=30 August 2024 |access-date=15 September 2024 |archive-date=15 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915052803/https://m.udayavani.com/article/my-hero-kannada-movie/1695297?utm=relatednews |url-status=live}}</ref> Upon finishing the writing, Avinash met Djilali Rez Kallah at an institute,<ref>{{cite news |title=Djilali Rez-Kallah thrilled to debut in Sandalwood at a time when Indian movies are going global |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/djilali-rez-kallah-thrilled-to-debut-in-sandalwood-at-a-time-when-indian-movies-are-going-global/articleshow/98178691.cms |work=The Times of India |date=24 February 2023 |access-date=14 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914071741/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/djilali-rez-kallah-thrilled-to-debut-in-sandalwood-at-a-time-when-indian-movies-are-going-global/amp_articleshow/98178691.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> where he was chosen to portray the role of a retired Army officer.<ref name=":TN1">{{cite news |title=Sandalwood And Hollywood Actors Team Up In Kannada Film 'My Hero' |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/sandalwood-and-hollywood-actors-team-up-in-kannada-film-my-hero-article-112445286/amp |work=Times Now |date=11 August 2024 |language=en |access-date=14 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914071721/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/sandalwood-and-hollywood-actors-team-up-in-kannada-film-my-hero-article-112445286/amp |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Eric Roberts]] was selected for a key role in the film, and his portions were filmed at his residence in [[Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Was incredible: Hollywood actor Eric Roberts on his Kannada debut |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/was-incredible-hollywood-actor-eric-roberts-on-his-kannada-debut/articleshow/103472026.cms |work=The Times of India |date=8 September 2023 |access-date=14 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914071832/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/was-incredible-hollywood-actor-eric-roberts-on-his-kannada-debut/amp_articleshow/103472026.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Nammane Yuvarani]]'' fame [[Ankita Amar]] was chosen to play an NGO worker from [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=My Hero ಹುಡುಕಿಕೊಂಡ 'ನಮ್ಮನೆ ಯುವರಾಣಿ'; ಮಧ್ಯಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಮಹಿಳೆಯಾದ ಅಂಕಿತಾ ಅಮರ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ರಿಲೀಸ್ ಯಾವಾಗ? |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/nammane-yuvarani-serial-actress-ankita-amar-my-hero-kannada-movie/articleshow/112670262.cms |work=[[Vijaya Karnataka]] |date=21 August 2024 |language=kn |access-date=14 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914071721/https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/nammane-yuvarani-serial-actress-ankita-amar-my-hero-kannada-movie/amp_articleshow/112670262.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":ETV" /> Principal photography for the film began on 24 February 2023<ref name=":CE1">{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=Avinash Vijaykumar's My Hero marks the debut of Hollywood actor Djilali Rez Kallah |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2023/Feb/21/avinash-vijaykumars-my-heromarks-the-debut-of-hollywood-actor-djilali-rez-kallah-40188.html |work=Cinema Express |date=7 February 2023 |language=en |access-date=14 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914071735/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/amp/story/kannada/interviews/2023/Feb/21/avinash-vijaykumars-my-heromarks-the-debut-of-hollywood-actor-djilali-rez-kallah-40188.html |url-status=live}}</ref> with [[muhurat shot]] pooja held in [[Basavanagudi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=National pride - Bangalore Mirror |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/national-pride/articleshow/98284534.cms |work=The Times of India |date=28 February 2023 |access-date=14 September 2024 |archive-date=28 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228052849/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/national-pride/amp_articleshow/98284534.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Major portions of the filming took place in [[Maheshwar]].<ref name=":CE1" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Bhopal's Shivam Pandey Featured In Kannada Film 'My Hero' With Hollywood Actors |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/bhopals-shivam-pandey-featured-in-kannada-film-my-hero-with-hollywood-actors |work=[[The Free Press Journal]] |date=1 September 2024 |language=en |access-date=14 September 2024 |archive-date=9 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909001006/https://www.freepressjournal.in/amp/bhopal/bhopals-shivam-pandey-featured-in-kannada-film-my-hero-with-hollywood-actors |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":ETV">{{cite news |title='ಮೈ ಹೀರೋ' ಚಿತ್ರದ ಮೂಲಕ ಕನ್ನಡಕ್ಕೆ ಬಂದ ಹಾಲಿವುಡ್ ನಟರು: ಟ್ರೇಲರ್ ನೋಡಿ - My Hero Trailer |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/!entertainment/hollywood-actors-came-to-kannada-film-industry-through-my-hero-watch-the-trailer-karnataka-news-kas24082102464 |work=ETV Bharat News |date=21 August 2024 |language=kn |access-date=14 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914071834/https://www.etvbharat.com/amp/kn/!entertainment/hollywood-actors-came-to-kannada-film-industry-through-my-hero-watch-the-trailer-karnataka-news-kas24082102464 |url-status=live}}</ref> A few portions were shot in [[Chikmagalur]] and the United States.<ref name=":CE1" /> The filming was completed within fifty days, including the fifteen days to finish the segments of the United States and thirty-five days for the India portions.<ref name=":NIE2">{{cite news |title='My Hero' is a culmination of my deep-seated love for storytelling, says director Avinash Vijaykumar |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Aug/28/my-hero-is-a-culmination-of-my-deep-seated-love-for-storytelling-says-director-avinash-vijaykumar |work=The New Indian Express |date=12 August 2024 |language=en |access-date=14 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914071749/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/kannada/2024/Aug/28/my-hero-is-a-culmination-of-my-deep-seated-love-for-storytelling-says-director-avinash-vijaykumar |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":ZN" /> Forrest Chiras and Akula Lokesh Babu handled the cinematography for the United States portions, while Venus Nagaraj Murthy handled the cinematography for the India portions.<ref name=":NIE2" /> The editing was handled by Muthu Raj T.<ref name=":NIE1" /><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The soundtrack of the film consists of songs composed by Gagan Baderiya, Rusty Tinder,<ref>{{cite news |title=American singers collaborate for the title track of a Kannada film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/american-singers-collaborate-for-title-track-of-kannada-film/articleshow/107986315.cms |work=The Times of India |date=26 February 2024 |access-date=14 September 2024 |archive-date=26 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226193916/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/american-singers-collaborate-for-title-track-of-kannada-film/amp_articleshow/107986315.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":NIE2" /> and [[V. Manohar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=My Hero Songs: My Hero MP3 Songs by RUSTY TINDER Online on Gaana.com |url=https://gaana.com/album/my-hero-english-2024-8 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=14 September 2024 |language=en |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914071749/https://gaana.com/album/my-hero-english-2024-8 |url-status=live}}</ref> The background score was by V. Manohar.<ref name=":DH" /><br />
<br />
{{track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Chalo Re Chalo Re<br />
| music1 = Gagan Baderiya<br />
| length1 = 3:12<br />
| lyrics1 = Nilesh Prajapati<br />
| extra1 = Shubham Roy, Nesz<br />
| title2 = My Hero<br />
| music2 = Rusty Tinder<br />
| length2 = 4:15<br />
| lyrics2 = Rusty Tinder<br />
| extra2 = Rusty Tinder<br />
| title3 = Akasha Nagutha Kelide<br />
| music3 = Gagan Baderiya<br />
| length3 = 3:59<br />
| lyrics3 = Nagarjun Sharma<br />
| extra3 = Rajat Hegde<br />
| title4 = Kanagile<br />
| music4 = V. Manohar<br />
| length4 = 2:58<br />
| lyrics4 = [[V. Manohar]]<br />
| extra4 = Bhargav, Abhishek<br />
| total_length = 14:24<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
The film was initially slated for release on 23 August 2024.<ref name=":NIE1">{{cite news |title=Eric Roberts Kannada debut, 'My Hero', gets a release date |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Aug/06/eric-roberts-kannada-debut-my-hero-gets-a-release-date |work=The New Indian Express |date=11 August 2024 |language=en |access-date=14 September 2024 |archive-date=7 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807052452/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/kannada/2024/Aug/06/eric-roberts-kannada-debut-my-hero-gets-a-release-date |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":TN1" /> However, the release date was subsequently changed, and it was released on 30 August 2024.<ref name=":NIE2" /><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
Y. Maheswara Reddy of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' rated the film three-and-a-half out of five stars, praised the performances of the actors, and wrote that "It is worth a watch for all."<ref name=":BM1">{{cite news |title=Kannada Movie Review-My Hero: Movie with a heart and soul - Bangalore Mirror |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kannada-movie-review-my-hero-movie-with-a-heart-and-soul/articleshow/112937345.cms |work=The Times of India |date=31 August 2024 |access-date=14 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914072239/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kannada-movie-review-my-hero-movie-with-a-heart-and-soul/amp_articleshow/112937345.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Jagadish Angadi of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' gave it four out of five stars and wrote, "The filmmaker crafts a compelling story exploring themes of social inequality, faith, and personal loss."<ref name=":DH">{{cite news |last1=Angadi |first1=Jagadish |title='My Hero' movie review: A boy, a {{as written|soli|der [sic]}}, and a narrative with universal appeal |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/my-hero-movie-review-a-boy-a-solider-and-a-narrative-with-universal-appeal-3171489 |work=Deccan Herald |date=30 August 2024 |language=en |access-date=14 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914072224/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/my-hero-movie-review-a-boy-a-solider-and-a-narrative-with-universal-appeal-3171489 |url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Udayavani]]'' gave the film a positive review.<ref>{{cite news |title=My Hero Movie Review; ಸೂಕ್ಷ್ಮ ಸಂದೇಶದ ಆಪ್ತ ಸಿನಿಮಾ |url=https://m.udayavani.com/article/my-hero-movie-review/1696277 |work=[[Udayavani]] |date=1 September 2024 |access-date=15 September 2024 |archive-date=15 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915052943/https://m.udayavani.com/article/my-hero-movie-review/1696277 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Shashiprasad SM of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave it three out of five stars and wrote, "''My Hero'' is a standout Kannada film that effectively addresses the persistent evils in society. Told through the perspective of a foreigner and seen through the eyes of a boy who has endured the harshest forms of discrimination, the film delivers a powerful message in a simple yet impactful manner."<ref>{{cite news |title=My Hero Movie Review: Delivers A Powerful Message In A Simple Yet Impactful Manner |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/my-hero-movie-review-delivers-a-powerful-message-in-a-simple-yet-impactful-manner-review-112926946/amp |work=Times Now |date=30 August 2024 |language=en |access-date=14 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914072230/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/my-hero-movie-review-delivers-a-powerful-message-in-a-simple-yet-impactful-manner-review-112926946/amp |url-status=live}}</ref> A Sharadhaa of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' wrote, "''My Hero'' is a tribute to the human spirit; the film tackles deep-rooted social issues with striking effectiveness."<ref name=":CER">{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=My Hero Movie Review: A tribute to the human spirit beyond traditional Kannada Cinema |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2024/Aug/31/my-hero-movie-review-a-tribute-to-the-human-spirit-beyond-traditional-kannada-cinema |work=Cinema Express |date=12 August 2024 |language=en |access-date=14 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914072244/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/amp/story/kannada/review/2024/Aug/31/my-hero-movie-review-a-tribute-to-the-human-spirit-beyond-traditional-kannada-cinema |url-status=live}}</ref> The film also won an award at the New York International Film Awards.<ref>{{cite web <br />
|title=My Hero gets a digital release <br />
|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/May/27/my-hero-gets-a-digital-release-2 <br />
|website=The New Indian Express <br />
|date=27 May 2025 <br />
|access-date=5 December 2025 <br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|tt32982630}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2024 directorial debut films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 Kannada-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Films distributed by PVR Inox Pictures]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voodoo_Cream_Liqueur&diff=545104Voodoo Cream Liqueur2026-02-28T19:48:32Z<p>Priyupranav: Post</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Voodoo Cream Liqueur''' is the first Indian [[cream liqueur]], made from fresh Indian cow cream, whisky and other Italian ingredients. The trademark is owned by Nouveau group in collaboration with Flavor Chimca, [[Italy]]<ref name="Lionel Messias">{{cite web|last=Messias|first=Lionel|title=The adrenalin rush at Adinco|url=http://www.goanspirit.com/index.php/travel/348-goan-liquor-producers-1|work=www.goanspirit.com|publisher=Goan Spirit|accessdate=12 August 2013}}</ref> Voodoo cream liqueur is blended & bottled at Adinco Distillers, [[Goa]], and was first produced in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|author=Shivaprasad|title=Nouveau launches Vodoo cream liqueur|url=http://www.megamedianews.in/index.php/9777/nouveau-launches-vodoo-cream-liqueur/|work=www.megamedianews.in/|publisher=Megamedia news|accessdate=28 September 2010|archive-date=24 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024145941/http://www.megamedianews.in/index.php/9777/nouveau-launches-vodoo-cream-liqueur/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It has a declared alcohol content of 17% [[alcohol by volume]]. Voodoo Cream Liqueur is similar to [[Bailey's]], [[Amarula]], and [[Carolans]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Francis|first=Anisha|title=Goan Malibu, local Bailey's get fan following|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Goan-Malibu-local-Baileys-get-fan-following/articleshow/22869743.cms|work=www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=22 September 2013 |publisher=Times Of India|accessdate=22 September 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{official|http://drinkvoodoo.in/}}<br />
* [http://www.adincodistilleries.com Distillery Website]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cream liqueurs]]<br />
[[Category:2009 establishments in Goa]]<br />
[[Category:Indian brands]]<br />
[[Category:Products introduced in 2009]]<br />
[[Category:Companies based in Goa]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-company-stub}}</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Dev_(Bengali_actor)&diff=469205List of awards and nominations received by Dev (Bengali actor)2026-02-26T17:55:30Z<p>Priyupranav: quick corrected details based on references and added references per sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox awards list<br />
|name=Dev<br />
|image=<br />
|caption=<br />
|wins=40<br />
|nominations=16<br />
|award1=[[Anandalok Awards]]<br />
|award1W=4<br />
|award1N=2<br />
|award2=Tele Cine Awards<br />
|award2W=6<br />
|award2N=0<br />
|award3=Kalakar Awards<br />
|award3W=2<br />
|award3N=0<br />
|award4=[[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards]]<br />
|award4W=1<br />
|award4N=0<br />
|award5=[[Filmfare Awards East]]<br />
|award5W=1<br />
|award5N=1<br />
|award6=Other awards<br />
|award6W=18<br />
|award6N=4<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]] (born Deepak Adhikari on 25 December 1982) is an Indian actor, producer, singer and screenwriter, known for his works in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]], and more recently, a politician.<ref name=Midnapore.IN>{{cite web |title= DEV |url= http://www.midnapore.in/people/deb-deepak-adhikari.html |publisher = Midnapore.IN |accessdate = 16 February 2014<br />
}}</ref> He owns the production house Dev Entertainment Ventures Pvt. Ltd.. He is also one of the Highest Paid Bengali actors.<br />
<br />
He made come back on the silver screen with ''[[Premer Kahini]]'', opposite [[Koel Mullick]], his first with whom he went on to star with in numerous films. A remake of the [[Kannada]] hit ''[[Mungaru Male]]'', the film was moderately successful. Dev got another breakthrough in ''[[Challenge (2009 film)|Challenge]]'' which opened to critical and commercial success. He received the [[Anandalok Awards]] for Best Actor and Best Action Hero for his performance in the film.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Dev-the-actor-or-Dev-the-MP/articleshow/35338590.cms|title=Dev, the actor or Dev, the MP/?|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=12 January 2017}}</ref> He continued to garner commercial success and wider attention through his successful films, including ''[[Le Chakka]]'', ''[[Dui Prithibi (2010 film)|Dui Prithibi]]'', ''[[Paglu]]'', ''[[Challenge 2 (2012 film)|Challenge 2]]'', ''[[Khoka 420]]'', ''[[Rangbaaz (2013 film)|Rangbaaz]]'' and ''[[Chander Pahar (film)|Chander Pahar]]''.<br />
<br />
He had been a recipient of numerous awards, namely Tele Cine Awards, Kalakar Awards, [[Filmfare Awards East]], Filmfare Awards East (2017) & NABC International Bangla Film Award 2017. His accomplishments have made him one of the highest paid and sought out actors of [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]]. Though he has delivered some critically acclaimed performances, Dev is often trolled for his poor accent, average acting skills, his winning of the ''Mahanayak Samman'' from the [[Government of West Bengal]] and his work as a politician.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/These-Dev-trolls-will-make-you-go-ROFL/These-Dev-trolls-will-make-you-go-ROFL/photostory/41506090.cms|title=These Dev trolls will make you go ROFL|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=2 September 2014}}</ref> In 2022 he was awarded [[Banga Bhushan]] by the [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|chief minister]] of West Bengal [[Mamata Banerjee]].<ref>{{cite news |title=West Bengal CM Mamata Banerjee presents Banga Bhushan and Banga Bibhushan 2022 awards |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/events/west-bengal-chief-minister-mamata-banerjee-presents-banga-bhushan-and-banga-bibhushan-2022-awards-photogallery/cid/1876441 |access-date=18 December 2024 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=25 July 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Award<br />
! Category<br />
! Film<br />
! Result<br />
! Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2009<br />
| rowspan="2"|[[Anandalok Awards]]<br />
| Anandalok Award for Best Actor<br />
| ''[[Challenge (2009 film)|Challenge]]''<br />
|rowspan="3" {{won}}<br />
|<ref name="Dev bagged the best-actor award in Anandolok Awards 2009 for his role in Raj Chakraborty's Challenge">{{cite web<br />
| title = Dev bagged the best-actor award in Anandolok Awards 2009 for his role in Raj Chakraborty's Challenge<br />
| url = http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/2773410-kolkata-bengali-hero-dev-movie-superstar-launches-web-site<br />
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100302021511/http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/2773410-kolkata-bengali-hero-dev-movie-superstar-launches-web-site<br />
| url-status = usurped<br />
| archive-date = 2 March 2010<br />
| publisher = washingtonbanglaradio<br />
| accessdate = 3 December 2012<br />
}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Anandalok Award for Best Action Hero<br />
| ''Challenge''<br />
|<ref>{{cite news<br />
| url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101028/jsp/entertainment/story_13108101.jsp<br />
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110108051625/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101028/jsp/entertainment/story_13108101.jsp<br />
| url-status = dead<br />
| archive-date = 8 January 2011<br />
| title = Toppers of Tolly<br />
| work = The Telegraph<br />
| date = 28 October 2010<br />
| accessdate = 10 December 2012<br />
| location = Calcutta, India<br />
}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6"|2010<br />
| rowspan="2"|Star Jalsha Entertainment Awards<br />
| rowspan="2"|Star Jalsha Entertainment Award for Best Actor<br />
| ''[[Paran Jai Jaliya Re]]''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dujone]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Tele Cine Awards<br />
| Tele Cine Awards for Best Actor<br />
| rowspan="2"|''Challenge''<br />
| rowspan="5" {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Kalakar Awards<br />
| Kalakar Award for Best Actor<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Star Ananda]] Shera Bangali Awards<br />
| STAR Ananda Shera Notun Protibha Award<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Anandalok Awards<br />
| Anandalok Award for Best Actor (Male)<br />
| ''[[Le Chakka]]''<br />
|<ref name="Anandalok Awards 2010">{{cite web<br />
| title = Anandalok Awards 2010<br />
| url = http://www.bhalobasa.in/articles/124493/Anandalok-Awards-2010...<br />
| publisher = Bhalobasa.in<br />
| accessdate = 2 December 2012<br />
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130218073140/http://www.bhalobasa.in/articles/124493/Anandalok-Awards-2010...<br />
| archive-date = 18 February 2013<br />
| url-status = dead<br />
}}</ref><ref name="Anandalok Awards">{{cite web<br />
| title = Anandalok Awards<br />
| url = http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/101343210-anandalok-purashkar-calcutta-film-awards-2010-curtain-raiser-special-report-full-l<br />
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101031090134/http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/101343210-anandalok-purashkar-calcutta-film-awards-2010-curtain-raiser-special-report-full-l<br />
| url-status = usurped<br />
| archive-date = 31 October 2010<br />
| publisher = washingtonbanglaradio<br />
}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4"|2011<br />
| Big Bangla Movie Awards<br />
| Big Bangla Movie Award for Best Actor of the Decade<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Anandalok Awards<br />
| Anandalok Award for Best Actor<br />
| ''[[Paglu]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<ref name="Anandalok Awards 2011">{{cite web<br />
| title = Anandalok Puraskar 2011 Nominations<br />
| url = http://www.kolkatabengalinfo.com/2011/11/anandalok-puraskar-2011-nominations.html<br />
| publisher = kolkatabengalinfo.com<br />
| accessdate = 27 April 2013<br />
}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Star Jalsha Entertainment Awards<br />
| Star Jalsha Entertainment Award for Best Dancing Sensation<br />
| {{n/a}}<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Zee Banglar Gourab Samman Awards<br />
| Zee Bangla Award for Best Actor<br />
| ''Le Chakka''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5"|2012<br />
| Star Guide Bengali film Awards<br />
| Star Guide Bengali film Award for Best Actor<br />
| ''Paglu''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Anandalok Awards<br />
| Anandalok Award for Best Actor (Male)<br />
| ''[[Paglu 2]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<ref name="Anandalok Puraskar 2012 Nominations">{{cite web<br />
| title = Anandalok Awards 2012<br />
| url = http://www.kolkatabengalinfo.com/2012/10/anandalok-puraskar-2012-nominations.html<br />
| publisher = kolkatabengalinfo.com<br />
| accessdate = 27 April 2013<br />
}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Zee Banglar Gourab Samman Awards<br />
| Zee Bangla Award for Best Actor<br />
| ''[[Paglu]]''<br />
| rowspan="3" {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 11th Tele Cine Awards<br />
| Tele Cine Award for Best Actor<br />
| ''Paglu''<br />
|<ref name="11th Tele Cine Awards 2012">{{cite web<br />
| title = 11th Tele Cine Awards 2012<br />
| url = http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.428224297205556.108706.117413161620006&type=3<br />
| publisher = Facebook<br />
| accessdate = 1 November 2012<br />
}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Kalakar Awards<br />
| Kalakar Award for Best Actor<br />
| ''Paglu''<br />
|<ref name="Kalakar Awards winners">{{cite web<br />
|title = Kalakar Awards winners<br />
|url = http://kalakarawards.co/images/listofawardees.pdf<br />
|publisher = Kalakar Awards (website)<br />
|accessdate = 3 October 2012<br />
|url-status = usurped<br />
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120425155216/http://kalakarawards.co/images/listofawardees.pdf<br />
|archivedate = 25 April 2012<br />
|df = dmy-all<br />
}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2013<br />
| 12th Tele Cine Awards<br />
| Tele Cine Award for Best Actor<br />
| ''[[Challenge 2]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<ref name="12th Tele Cine Awards 2013">{{cite web<br />
| title = 12th Tele Cine Awards 2013<br />
| url = http://www.kolkatabengalinfo.com/2013/03/13th-tele-cine-awards-2013-nominations.html<br />
| publisher = kolkatabengalinfo.com/<br />
| accessdate = 27 April 2013<br />
}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="12" |2014<br />
| Most Desirable Tollywood Actor (Public Poll)<br />
| rowspan="2" |Best Actor<br />
| • ''[[Khoka 420]]'' <br /> • ''[[Rangbaaz (2013 film)|Rangbaaz]]'' <br /> • ''[[Chander Pahar (film)|Chander Pahar]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" |<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3"|Tollywood National Award<br />
| ''Chander Pahar''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Best Romantic Hero<br />
| ''Khoka 420''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Best Action Hero<br />
| ''Rangbaaz''<br />
| rowspan="12" {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Kalakar Awards<br />
| Kalakar Award for Best Actor<br />
| • ''Rangbaaz'' <br /> • ''Chander Pahar''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards]]<br />
| [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Actor Award|Best Actor]]<br />
| ''Khokababu''<br />
|<ref>{{cite web<br />
| url = http://www.newswala.com/India-National-News/Bengal-Film-Journalists-Association-BFJA-13-Dev-bags-best-actor-award-46469.html<br />
| title = Bengal Film Journalists' Association (BFJA) '13: Dev bags best actor award<br />
| work = newswala.com<br />
| accessdate = 27 September 2015<br />
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402122625/http://www.newswala.com/India-National-News/Bengal-Film-Journalists-Association-BFJA-13-Dev-bags-best-actor-award-46469.html<br />
| archive-date = 2 April 2015<br />
| url-status = dead<br />
}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| "Mahanayak Samman" by [[Government of West Bengal]]<ref>{{cite web<br />
| url = http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/actors-dev-and-moon-moon-sen-chosen-for-mahanayak-awards/<br />
| title = Actors Dev and Moon Moon Sen chosen for 'Mahanayak' awards<br />
| date = 24 July 2014<br />
| work = The Indian Express<br />
| accessdate = 27 September 2015<br />
}}</ref><br />
| {{n/a}}<br />
| {{n/a}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Zee Bangla Gourab Somman Awards<br />
| rowspan="2"|Best Actor<br />
| rowspan="2"|''Chander Pahar''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Anandalok Awards<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[Filmfare Awards East]]<br />
| Global East People's Choice Filmfare Award<br />
| {{n/a}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|13th Tele Cine Awards<br />
| Best Actor<br />
| ''Chander Pahar''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Best Jodi (Dev-Koel)<br />
| ''Rangbaaz''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2015<br />
| rowspan="2"|14th Tele Cine Awards<br />
| Best Actor<br />
| rowspan="2"|''[[Buno Haansh]]''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Best Jodi (Dev-Srabanti)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|2017<br />
|1st WBJFA Awards<br />
| Most Popular Actor of the Year.<br />
|rowspan="3"|''[[Zulfiqar (film)|Zulfiqar]]''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Filmfare Awards East<br />
| Best Actor<br />
| {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
| NABC International Bangla Film Award<br />
| Best Actor (Commercial)<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
| [[4th WBFJA Award]]<br />
| Most Popular Actor<br />
| [[Sanjhbati]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|[[4th Filmfare Awards Bangla]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award Bangla for Best Actor]]<br />
|''[[Sanjhbati]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|2022<br />
|"Banga Bhushan" by [[Government of West Bengal]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=বিশ্বাস |first1=বিহঙ্গী |title=Banga Bhushan 2022: 'বঙ্গভূষণ' পাচ্ছেন দেব-ঋতুপর্ণা, তালিকায় রয়েছেন আর কোন কোন শিল্পী? |url=https://tv9bangla.com/entertainment/tollywood/check-out-the-list-of-awardees-of-banga-bhushan-2022-au30-611441.html |access-date=18 December 2024 |work=[[TV9 Bharatvarsh|TV9 Bangla]] |date=24 July 2022 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[5th Filmfare Awards Bangla]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award Bangla for Best Actor]]<br />
|''[[Golondaaj]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[5th WBFJA Award]]<br />
| Most Popular Actor<br />
| [[Tonic (film)|Tonic]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2023<br />
|[[6th Filmfare Awards Bangla]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award Bangla for Best Actor]]<br />
|''[[Kachher Manush]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[6th WBFJA Awards]]<br />
| Best Actor<br />
| [[Projapati]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2024<br />
| [[7th WBFJA Award]]<br />
| [[West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Most Popular Actor|Most Popular Actor]]<br />
| [[Pradhan (film)|''Pradhan'']]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[7th Filmfare Awards Bangla]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award Bangla for Best Actor]]<br />
|• [[Pradhan (film)|''Pradhan'']] <br /> • [[Bagha Jatin (2023 film)|''Bagha Jatin'']]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[TV9 Bharatvarsh|TV9 Bangla]] Ghorer Bioscope Awards<br />
|Best Actor<br />
|[[Projapoti (2022 film)|''Projapoti'']]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chandra |first1=Jayita |title=Ghorer Bioscope Award: ২০২৪-এ সিনেমার নিরিখে সেরা অভিনেতা অভিনেত্রীর পুরস্কার জিতলেন কারা? |url=https://tv9bangla.com/entertainment/ghorer-bioscope-award-2024-result-announce-who-win-best-actor-actress-cinema-awards-1139580.html |access-date=18 December 2024 |work=[[TV9 Bharatvarsh|TV9 Bangla]] |date=2 December 2024 |language=bn}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" |2025<br />
|[[8th Filmfare Awards Bangla]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award Bangla for Best Actor|Best Actor]]<br />
|''[[Khadaan]]''<br />
|{{Nominated}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | Filmfare Glamour & Style Awards West Bengal 2025<br />
|Most Glamorous Star <br />
| rowspan="2" | Himself<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref>https://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-the-joy-filmfare-glamour-style-awards-west-bengal-2025-full-list-out-72240.html</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Hottest Star of the year <br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[8th WBFJA Awards]]<br />
| [[West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]<br />
| ''[[Tekka (film)|Tekka]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Most Popular Actor|Most Popular Actor]]<br />
| ''[[Khadaan]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|22nd Tele Cine Awards<br />
|Best Actor<br />
|''[[Khadaan]]''<br />
|{{Nominated}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Anandalok Puraskar]]<br />
|Best Actor(Critics)<br />
|''[[Khadaan]]''<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2026<br />
|Zee 24 Ghanta Binodoner Sera 24 <br />
|Best Actor<br />
|''[[Projapati 2]]''<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref>https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/zee-24-ghanta-binodone-sera-24-dev-shines-bright-bags-best-actor-award-for-projatipoti-2-3313964/</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[9th WBFJA Awards]]<br />
|Most Popular Actor<br />
|''[[Dhumketu (2025 film)|Dhumketu]]''<br />
|{{Nominated}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Best Actor<br />
|''[[Projapati 2]]''<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Star Jalsha Parivaar Awards <br />
|Celebrity Headliner, Lead performer<br />
|PSBJ 2025<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Dev filmography]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|3359025|Dev|section=Awards}}<br />
<br />
{{Dev (actor)}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dev (actor)}}<br />
[[Category:Lists of awards received by Indian actor]]<br />
[[Category:Dev (Bengali actor)|Awards]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gomardha_Wildlife_Sanctuary&diff=500806Gomardha Wildlife Sanctuary2026-02-22T21:04:40Z<p>Priyupranav: New - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox protected area<br />
| name = Gomardha Wildlife Sanctuary<br />
| alt_name = <br />
| iucn_category = IV<br />
| iucn_ref = <br />
| image = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| map = India Chhattisgarh#India<br />
| relief = 1<br />
| mapframe = Yes<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|21|30|N|83|8|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| coords_ref = <br />
| established = 1975<br />
| area_km2 = 277.82<br />
| elevation = <br />
| nearest_city = [[Sarangarh]]<br />
| governing_body = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Gomardha Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a [[Protected areas of India|protected area]] and [[List of wildlife sanctuaries of India|wildlife sanctuary]] located in [[Sarangarh-Bilaigarh district]] of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Chhattisgarh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wii.gov.in/eia/wildlife_database/Chattisgarh|title=Wildlife sanctuaries in Chhattisgarh|work=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], [[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
The sanctuary covers an area of {{cvt|277.82|km2}} and was declared as a protected area in 1975.<ref name="Compendium">{{cite report|url=https://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-04/9%20Compendium%20Book_2021_Low%20%281%29%20%282%29.pdf|title=National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries in India|work=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], [[Government of India]]|date=November 2021|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://raigarh.gov.in/en/tourist-place/gomarda-wildlife-sanctuary/|title=Gomardha Sanctuary|work=[[Government of Chhattisgarh]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Flora and fauna ==<br />
The protected area consists of a mixture of moist and dry [[tropical deciduous forest]]s. Major fauna include [[Bengal tiger]], [[leopard]], [[Sambar deer|sambar]], [[gaur]], [[spotted deer]], [[sloth bear]], [[wild boar]], [[monitor lizard]], and [[softshell turtle]]. There are over 100 species of birds including [[Asian paradise flycatcher]], and [[white-throated fantail]].<ref name="Compendium"/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
{{Protected Areas of India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Chhattisgarh]]<br />
[[Category:Raigarh district]]<br />
[[Category:1975 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1975]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satyatma_Tirtha&diff=460195Satyatma Tirtha2026-02-20T00:33:58Z<p>Priyupranav: small changes</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Hindu guru}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox Hindu leader<br />
| name = Satyātma Tīrtha<br />
| honorific_prefix = His Holiness Śrī Śrī 1008 Śrī{{Sfn|Bhushan|2005|p=193}}<br />
| honorific_suffix = Śrīpād<br />
| image = Sri Sri Satyatma Tirtha Maharaj during Chaturmasya 2022 in Santhebiddanur, Karnataka.jpg<br />
| caption = Sri Satyatma Tirtha in 2022<br />
| birth_name = Sarvajnacharya Guttal<br />
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1973|3|8}}<br />
| honors = ''Abhinava Raghūttama''<br />
| ordination = 3 November 1997<br />
| consecration = 24 April 1996<br />
| father = Rangacharya Guttal<br />
| mother = K. S. Rukmabai<br />
| religion = [[Hinduism]]<br />
| nationality = [[India]]n<br />
| founder = [[Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat]]<br />
| order = [[Vedanta|Vedānta]] ([[Uttaradi Math]])<br />
| guru = [[Satyapramoda Tirtha|Satyapramoda Tīrtha]]<br />
| philosophy = [[Dvaita Vedanta|Dvaita Vedānta]]<br />
| literary_works = <!-- Preferably having pages on Bharatpedia and wikisource--><br />
| disciple = <!-- Prominent disciple(s) only --><br />
| known_for = <!-- Why the person is notable (as discussed in main article with reliable sources) --><br />
| signature = <br />
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{{Vaishnavism}}<br />
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'''Sri Satyatma Tirtha''' ({{IAST3|Śrī Satyātma-tīrtha}}) (born 8 March 1973), is an Indian [[Hindu]] [[philosopher]], [[guru]], scholar, [[spiritual leader]], [[saint]] and the present pontiff of [[Uttaradi Math]].{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=650}} He is the 42nd pontiff of [[Uttaradi Math]] since [[Madhvacharya]], the chief proponent and the one who rejuvenated the [[Dvaita Vedanta|Dvaita philosophy]] ([[Tattvavada]]).<ref name="hindu4" /><ref name="pune" />{{Sfn|Naqvī|Rao|2005|p=780}} Satyatma Tirtha founded [[Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat]], a [[non-profit]], [[Religious organization|religious]] and [[Social organization|social]] organization in 1998.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ṣaṣṭyabdasaṃskr̥tam: India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6-oTrf_Q4I8C|author=Radhavallabh Tripathi|publisher=Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan|year=2012|page=204|quote=VISHVA MADHWA MAHA PARISHAT, BANGALORE Founded by pontiff of Sri Uttaradi Mutt, H.H.Sri Satyatmathirta Swamiji|isbn = 978-81-246-0629-2}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
He was born in a prominent family of scholars{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=198}} on 8 March 1973 to Pandit Rangacharya Guttal and K.S. Rukmabai in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]] and was named Sarvajna (Sarvajnacharya).<ref name="uttaradi" /> He was also known as Vidyadhiraja. Pandit Rangacharya is the ''pūrvāśrama'' (previous to ''sannyāsa'' order) son of [[Satyapramoda Tirtha|Shri Satyapramoda Tīrtha Swamiji]].<ref name=stbio>{{cite web|title=Sri Satyatma Tirtha Biography|url=https://www.uttaradimath.org/parampara/sri-satyatma-tirtha|publisher=Uttaradi Math}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Sannyasa==<br />
Sarvajna became a ''[[Sannyasa|sannyāsi]]'' at the age of 23, directly from ''[[brahmacharya]]'' at [[Raghuttama Tirtha|Raghūttama Tīrtha]] Brundāvana, [[Tirukoilur]] (in [[Tamil Nadu]]) in the presence of [[Satyapramoda Tīrtha|Shri Satyapramoda Tīrtha Swamiji]] on 24 April 1996<ref name="uttaradi">{{cite web|last=Math|first=Shri Uttaradi|title=Shri Satyatma Tirta|url=http://www.uttaradimath.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=154&Itemid=186|publisher=Shri Uttaradi Math. uttaradimath.org|access-date=5 September 2012|archive-date=8 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808233853/http://www.uttaradimath.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=154&Itemid=186|url-status=dead}}</ref> and was renamed as Satyātma Tīrtha. He is also known as Abhinava Raghūttama Tīrtharu since he received ''sannyasa'' directly from ''[[brahmacharya]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.udupitoday.com/udtoday/news_Udupi-Pontiff-of-Uttaradi-mutt-begins-Chaturmas-today-in-Udupi_422.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415201859/http://www.udupitoday.com/udtoday/news_Udupi-Pontiff-of-Uttaradi-mutt-begins-Chaturmas-today-in-Udupi_422.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=15 April 2017|title=Udupi: Pontiff of Uttaradi mutt begins Chaturmas today in Udupi|publisher=Udupi Today Media Network}}</ref> Shri Satyātma Tīrtha Swamiji is only the second pontiff of Uttaradi Math to receive ''sannyāsa'' from ''brahmacharya''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kāvyakusumastabakaḥ|author=Vadiraj Raghawendracharya Panchamukhi|publisher=Rāṣṭrīyasaṃskr̥tavidyāpīṭhaṃ, Tirupati|year=2002}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Social responsibility==<br />
Shri Satyatma Tirtha, through Uttaradi Math, encouraged water harvesting and management expert, the ''waterman of India'' and [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] winner [[Rajendra Singh (environmentalist)|Rajendra Singh]] to give lecture on water conservation and other topics.<ref name="express">{{cite news|last=Express News Service|first=newindianexpress.com|title=Save Arkavathi, Kumudvathi basins, says Rajendra Singh|url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/article588331.ece?service=print|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218124540/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/article588331.ece?service=print|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 December 2013|access-date=5 September 2012|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=13 August 2012}}</ref> Through Uttaradi Math and jointly with [[Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat]], he gives needy students about ₹5 lakhs (about US$10,000) each year.<ref name="hindu3" /><br />
<br />
===Flood relief===<br />
He has supplied relief materials to flood victims of [[Bellary]], [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]], [[Raichur]] and [[Bagalkot]] districts during [[2009 India floods|2009 floods]] and also took measures to construct 100 low cost houses to those who lost houses in the flood.<ref name="hindu3">{{cite news|author=Staff correspondent|title=Math to construct houses for flood affected|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/10/12/stories/2009101252250300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015025729/http://www.hindu.com/2009/10/12/stories/2009101252250300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 October 2009|access-date=5 September 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 October 2009}}</ref> He has also adopted a rural village in [[Raichur]], [[Karnataka]]<ref name="hindu4" /> for integrated development of the village. He is reportedly trying to redefine the role of religious "math" in modern-day society, so that present day "math" should try to get rid of evils of modern society.<ref name="hindu4" /><br />
<br />
==Spiritual discourses==<br />
His spiritual discourses (''pravacana'') attract large gatherings, mainly from followers of Madhvacharya and he specialises in talks on Vedic subjects.<ref name="hindu1">{{cite news|last=staff reporter|first=thehindu.com|title=Protect Vedic Dharma, Youth told|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/article2856107.ece|access-date=5 September 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=3 February 2012}}</ref> He has given spiritual discourses at several places like [[Bangalore]],<ref name="hindu2">{{cite news|last=thehindu.com|title=Spiritual Discourse|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article3736314.ece|access-date=5 September 2012|newspaper=The Hindu, Bangalore|date=7 August 2012}}</ref> [[Gulbarga]], [[Malkheda]], [[Udupi]], [[Rajahmundry]],<ref name="hindu1" /> [[Hyderabad (India)]],<ref name="hindu4">{{cite news|title=For Preservation of Dharma|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/05/stories/2003030500370200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030701135420/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/05/stories/2003030500370200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 July 2003|access-date=5 September 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=5 March 2003}}</ref> [[Pune]],<ref name="pune">{{cite news|last=Times news network|title=City plays host to Uttaradi pontiff's religious rite|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-04/pune/27934919_1_chaturmasya-blood-donation-camps-sankalpa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214111145/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-04/pune/27934919_1_chaturmasya-blood-donation-camps-sankalpa|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 December 2013|access-date=16 September 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 September 2008}}</ref> [[Raichur]],<ref name="hindu4" /> [[Dharwad]]<ref name="hindu4" /> and [[Chennai]].<ref name="hindu4" /> He has also conducted personality development programmes and has written several books on topics like personality development, religion and philosophy.<ref>[http://www.mylib.in/Index.php?search=jagadguru+sri+1008+sri+satyatma+tirtha+swamiji&field=FAuthor MyLib.in: Online Book Library in Bangalore, Corporate Library solutions<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Satyatma Tirtha, as the present head of Uttaradi Matha, has also encouraged other authors to write books on religious experiences.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Prasad |first1=PVRK (IAS) |title=When I saw Tirupati Balaji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C26lbOuDIbYC&q=humble+offering&pg=PA315|access-date=19 September 2012 |edition=2008 |isbn=978-81-212-0933-5 |year=2008 }}</ref><br />
He has given discourses in various languages including Kannada, Telugu, Hindi, Marathi and English. He also has a good knowledge of contemporary religions.<ref name=stbio /><br />
<br />
===Books based on his discourses===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Book !! Description !! Author/Editor !! Language(s) !! First edition !! Publisher !! ISBN<br />
|-<br />
|''[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/48378916-satyatma-sudha Satyātma Sudhā]'' || An Anthology of Lectures by Shri Satyatma Tirtha Swamiji || Kadaramandalagi Kanteshacharya <br>{{small|(Original compilation-Kannada)}}<br />E. D. Narahari {{small|(English)}} || [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[English language|English]] and [[Hindi]] || 2012 || [[Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat]]|| {{ISBN|978-81-903-3362-7}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Book !! Description !! Author/Editor !! Language(s) !! First edition !! Publisher<br />
|-<br />
|''The Quest'' ||A compilation of Question-and-Answer sessions held at the famous Kala Bhavan || Kadaramandalagi Kanteshacharya {{small|(Original compilation-Kannada)}}<br />E. D. Narahari {{small|(English)}}||[[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[English language|English]] and [[Hindi]] || 2012 ||[[Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat]]<br />
|-<br />
|''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5JuhxgEACAAJ Dheemahi: The Glory of Gayatri Mantra] '' || A compilation on discourses of Satyatma Tirtha Swamiji on Gayatri Mantra || Kadaramandalagi Kanteshacharya {{small|(Original compilation-Kannada)}}<br />E. D. Narahari {{small|(English)}} || [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[English language|English]] and [[Hindi]] || 2018 ||[[Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat]]<br />
|-<br />
|''Atma Lahari'' || A compilation on collection of lectures by Satyatma Tirtha || Kadaramandalagi Kanteshacharya {{small|(Original compilation-Kannada)}}<br />E. D. Narahari {{small|(English)}} || [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[English language|English]] and [[Hindi]] || 2017 ||[[Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Chaturmasya deeksha==<br />
Generally "Parivrajakas" (Dandi Swamis) are to be on the move as the word "Vraja" indicates but during the [[Chaturmas]]a period they have to stay-put in one place.{{Sfn|Deussen| Bedekar | Palsule|1997|p=963}} Moving out either for [[yatra]] or for other reasons is violation of [[Shastra]]s and Yati [[Dharma]]. During this season of Chaturmasya, the wandering mendicants (Yatis) takes Chaturmasya deeksha, stay at a suitable place and become fully engrossed in contemplation of God.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sree Tiruppāvai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1XgOAAAAYAAJ|author1=Āṇṭāḷ|author2=C. Sitaramamurti|author3=S. Appalacharyulu|publisher=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams|year=1980|page=383}}</ref> In 2017, Satyatma Tirtha spent his Chaturmasya deeksha in [[Palamoor]] in [[Telangana]] from (18 July 2017 – 6 September 2017).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Sunday-Hans/2017-09-16/Temple-town-of-Karnataka/327050|title=Temple town of Karnataka|publisher=The Hans India|access-date=17 September 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Dvaita Vedanta]]<br />
* [[Works of Madhvacharya]]<br />
* [[Works of Jayatirtha]]<br />
* [[Uttaradi Matha]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book|title = A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, Vol 1. 3rd Edition|first = B. N. Krishnamurti| last = Sharma| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint) |isbn = 978-81-208-1575-9| year= 2000 }}<br />
* {{cite book|first=Patrick| last=Olivelle|year=1992|title= The Samnyasa Upanisads|publisher= Oxford University Press|isbn= 978-0-19-507045-3}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1= Deussen |first1=Paul |last2= Bedekar|first2=V.M. |last3= Palsule |first3=G.B. |title=Sixty Upanishads of the Veda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XYepeIGUY0gC&pg=PA757|date=1 January 1997|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-1467-7}}<br />
* {{cite book|title=A Thousand Laurels--Dr. Sadiq Naqvi: Studies on Medieval India with Special Reference to Deccan, Volume 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DV9uAAAAMAAJ|first1=Ṣādiq|last1=Naqvī|first2=V. Kishan|last2=Rao|publisher=Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, Osmania University|year=2005}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Reference India: Biographical Notes about Men & Women of Achievement of Today & Tomorrow, Volume 3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xmJmAAAAMAAJ|first=Ravi|last=Bhushan|publisher=Rifacimento International|year=2005}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* [https://www.uttaradimath.org/ Official website of Uttaradi Math]<br />
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=5JuhxgEACAAJ Dheemahi (English)]<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tirtha, Satyatma}}<br />
[[Category:Dvaita Vedanta]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu philosophers and theologians]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian philosophers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Hindu saints]]<br />
[[Category:Madhva religious leaders]]<br />
[[Category:Dvaitin philosophers]]<br />
[[Category:Vaishnavism]]<br />
[[Category:Bhakti movement]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Uttaradi Math]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu activists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Hindu religious leaders]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Hindu religious leaders]]<br />
[[Category:1973 births]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Airlines_Flight_257&diff=471990Indian Airlines Flight 2572026-02-19T22:30:53Z<p>Priyupranav: expanded lead and corrected details for consistency</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|1991 aircraft accident in India}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=July 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox Aircraft occurrence<br />
| name = Indian Airlines Flight 257<br />
| image = VT-EFL Aircraft.jpg<br />
| caption = VT-EFL, the aircraft involved in the accident, seen in 1988<br />
| date = {{Start date|1991|08|16|df=y}}<br />
| summary = [[Controlled flight into terrain]] due to [[pilot error]]<br />
| occurrence_type = Accident<br />
| site = [[Thangjing Hill]], Manipur, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|24|29|54|N|93|40|20|E|source:kolossus-plwiki|display=inline, title}}<br />
| occupants = 69<br />
| passengers = 63<br />
| crew = 6<br />
| fatalities = 69<br />
| survivors = 0<br />
| aircraft_type = [[Boeing 737]]-2A8<br />
| operator = [[Indian Airlines]]<br />
| alt = <br />
| tail_number = VT-EFL<br />
| IATA = IC257<br />
| ICAO = IAC257<br />
| callsign = INDIA 257<ref name="final"/><br />
| origin = [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Calcutta airport]], [[West Bengal]], India<br />
| stopover = [[Imphal Airport|Imphal Municipal Airport]], [[Manipur]], India<br />
| destination = [[Dimapur Airport]], [[Nagaland]], India<br />
}}<br />
'''Indian Airlines Flight 257''' was an [[Indian Airlines]] domestic passenger flight operating on the [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]–[[Imphal]]–[[Dimapur]] route. On 16 August 1991, the [[Boeing 737]]-2A8 [[Aircraft registration|registered]] ''VT-EFL'' crashed into the hilly terrain of [[Thangjing Hill]] during its descent, killing all 63 passengers and 6 crew members on board.<br />
<br />
The crash was attributed to the pilot's non-adherence to [[Instrument approach|the written procedure for an approach]] to Imphal. The crew decided to violate the approach procedure by taking a short cut and eventually slammed the aircraft into the hilly terrain. During the approach, the crew did not adequately monitor their instruments, despite the deteriorating weather condition at the time. Their actions were influenced by the pilot's decision to solely rely on his extreme familiarity with the terrain.<ref name="final">{{Cite web|title=Accident to Indian Airlines Boeing 737 Aircraft VT-EFL on 16th August 1991 Near Itnphal, Manipur|url=https://dgca.gov.in/digigov-portal/Upload?flag=iframeAttachView&attachId=130615405&mainAccidentReports|last=|first=|date=1992-04-30|website=dgca.gov.in|publisher=[[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)]]|format=PDF|access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Aircraft==<br />
The aircraft involved in the accident was a [[Boeing 737#737-200|Boeing 737-2A8]], delivered to Indian Airlines in 1977 with an [[List of aircraft registration prefixes|Indian registration]] of VT-EFL. The aircraft had been switched from civilian aircraft to military aircraft at least twice, in 1981 and 1986, with a military registration of K2371. It had accumulated more than 33,000 total flight cycles and had undergone a major aircraft inspection in July 1990. The aircraft was equipped with two [[Pratt & Whitney Canada]] [[Pratt & Whitney JT8D|JT8D-17A engines]].<ref name="AP">{{cite web|author=Max, Arthur|title=Plane Plunges into Jungle, Killing 69, After Hijack Threat|url=https://apnews.com/article/536d42364048cadf2a405ed10cb31e77|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=17 August 1991|access-date=30 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
The aircraft was [[Aircraft maintenance checks|maintained in accordance with the approved schedules]]. No major defects were listed in the technical log. However, it had been involved in an accident in 1978 when it struck a person during landing in [[Hyderabad]].<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
== Passengers and crew ==<br />
=== Passengers ===<br />
There were 69 people on board, consisting of 63 passengers and 6 crew members. According to the manifest, there were 68 adults and 1 infant on board Flight 257. A total of 32 passengers were booked for Imphal and 31 were booked for Dimapur. There were no foreigners on board.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 August 1991 |title=Jet Crashes in Remote Indian Jungle; 69 Die |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-08-17-mn-463-story.html |access-date=30 March 2022 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Among the passengers were Irengbam Tompok, former [[Chief minister (India)|Deputy Chief Minister of Manipur]] and Keisham Bira, former Minister of Education of Manipur.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Airlines jet crash kills 69|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/08/16/Indian-Airlines-jet-crash-kills-69/7416682315200/|publisher=UPI|access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Crew members ===<br />
Of the 6 crew members, 2 were flight crew and the other 4 were cabin crew members. The flight was piloted by Captain Sekhar Heldar and Captain D. B. Roy Choudhury. Captain Heldar (37) had a total flying experience of 3,783 hours, of which 2,369 hours were on the Boeing 737 and the other 1,414 hours were on the Fokker F27 aircraft. Captain Roy Choudhury (26) had a total flying experience of 1,647 hours, of which 1,397 hours were on the type. Both pilots were based in [[Calcutta]].<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
==Accident==<br />
{{Hatnote|All times in this article are [[Indian Standard Time|Indian Standard Time (IST)]].}}<br />
Flight 257 took off at 11:54 a.m from Calcutta to Imphal, the capital of the Indian state of Manipur in the [[Northeast India|Northeast]]. The flight was supposed to take about 60 minutes and later on the aircraft would have continued its journey to Dimapur in the neighboring [[Nagaland]] state. Captain Sekhar Heldar was the pilot flying (PF) and Captain Roy Choudhury was his co-pilot. For a flight to Manipur, the aircraft was cleared to fly at {{convert|29,000|ft|m}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Another grim reminder of lax standards in Imphal|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19910915-another-grim-reminder-of-lax-standards-in-imphal-814791-1991-09-15|publisher=India Today|date=15 September 1991|access-date=30 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
At 12:34 p.m, after contacting [[Chittagong|Chittagong's]] [[Comilla Airport]] and [[Tripura|Tripura's]] [[Maharaja Bir Bikram Airport|Agartala]], the crew was asked to contact Imphal Tower for a descent clearance. Imphal Tower granted their request and later asked the crew to descend to {{convert|10,000|ft|m}} and to report back to the ATC if they had reached the [[VHF omnidirectional range|VOR]] for the runway. Before Flight 257 had reached the VOR, Imphal Tower asked for another position report from Flight 257. The crew then requested to set course for a preparation to land at Imphal, which was granted by ATC.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
The crew reported that they were above the supposed VOR. After reporting back on the VOR, they were asked to inform the tower on a [[Instrument approach#Course reversal procedure|procedural turn]] towards the airport and later were asked to descend to {{convert|5,000|ft|m}}. After the transmission, another Indian Airlines was about to take off from Imphal. Flight 257 then reported that they were commencing the turn. ATC later warned the crew that there was rain on the eastern area of the airport, which was acknowledged by Flight 257. The ATC then turned their attention to the departing Indian Airlines flight. Following the departure of the said flight from Imphal, the ATC then contacted the crew of Flight 257 again.<ref name="final"/><br />
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This time, there was no response. Imphal Airport lost contact with the aircraft just after 12:45, at {{convert|1500|m|ft}} altitude on the [[Instrument Landing System]] (ILS). Several other flights then tried to contact Flight 257 as well, but there was still no response from the crew. Firefighting personnel were alerted and crew from other Indian Airlines were asked to contact on their company channel. The departing Indian Airlines aircraft was later asked to fly to the area where Flight 257 was last contacted. Due to clouds, the aircraft eventually discontinued the search and immediately flew to its intended destination of [[Guwahati]]. ATC then tried to give the crew of Flight 257 several blind calls by clearing them to land at the runway, but the transmission was met with silence again.<ref name="final"/><br />
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At 12:55 p.m, a full emergency was declared on the missing aircraft. Airport personnel immediately contacted Imphal's airport and city firefighters and ambulance services to assist with the search and rescue effort. The search and rescue area was concentrated within {{convert|5|-|15|mi|km nmi}} southwest of the airport. Another Indian Airlines aircraft in the vicinity was later asked to look for the missing aircraft, but due to deteriorating weather condition the aircraft eventually discontinued the search. Few hours after the formation of a search and rescue party, several villagers reported that an aircraft had crashed somewhere in the Thangjing Hill range.<ref name="final"/><br />
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The search and rescue team eventually reached the site about 5–6 hours later. It was located in [[Churachandpur district]] at an altitude of {{convert|6,700|ft|m}}, just {{convert|300|ft|m}} below the highest peak of the area, about {{convert|37|km|mi nmi|abbr=}} south-west of Imphal Airport. The aircraft was destroyed as it had slammed head-on with the slope of the hill. Bodies could be seen around the wreckage. There were no survivors. All 69 passengers and crews on board Flight 257 were killed. Due to the hilly and slushy terrain, added with the heavy rain condition at the crash site, the evacuation of the bodies were hampered and had to be delayed until dawn. By 19 August, all of the bodies had been recovered and identified.<ref name="parliament">{{Cite web|url=https://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lsdeb/ls10/ses1/18190891.htm|title=Accident of Indian Air Lines Aircraft near Imphal|date=1991-08-18|website=parliamentofindia.nic.in|access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Response==<br />
[[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Indian Minister of Civil Aviation]] [[Madhavrao Scindia]] along with senior officials from the ministry visited the crash site on the next day. A total of 300 relatives were flown to Imphal.<ref name="CIVIL">{{Cite web|title=CIVIL AVIATION AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT SUMMARY FOR THE YEAR 1991|url=https://public-prd-dgca.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/InventoryList/dataReports/accidentIncidentData/summary/acc91.pdf|last=|first=|date=|website=dgca.gov.in|publisher=Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref><ref name="parliament"/><br />
<br />
Indian Airlines paid compensation to the families of the deceased at the rate of ₹500,000 [[Indian Rupee]]s for each adult passenger and ₹250,000 for the one infant passenger.<ref name="CIVIL"/><br />
<br />
==Investigation==<br />
On 26 September 1991, the Indian government appointed permanent judge of Calcutta [[Umesh Chandra Banerjee]] to hold a formal investigation into the crash. The investigation was assisted by members from [[Air India]], [[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|India's Directorate General of Civil Aviation]], [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]], [[Boeing]] and Pratt & Whitney Canada.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
===Sabotage===<br />
While there was no indication that the flight had been deliberately brought down, authorities decided to investigate on the possibility of a sabotage. According to eyewitnesses, the aircraft had gone down "in a ball of fire" over the nearby [[Loktak Lake]]. Approximately one day before the crash, a [[Assam separatist movements|separatist group based in the neighboring state of Assam]] had threatened a hijacking of a flight from Calcutta to [[Jorhat]], [[Assam]].<ref name="AP"/> Manipur is in [[Northeast India]], where [[Insurgency in Northeast India|low-level insurgencies were raging across the region]] at the time.<ref>{{cite web|title=69 Die as Burning Jet Crashes in Eastern India|<br />
url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/17/world/69-die-as-burning-jet-crashes-in-eastern-india.html|work=The New York Times|date=17 August 1991|access-date=30 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
As there was no evidence that the aircraft had been [[Timeline of airliner bombing attacks|bombed]], [[Aircraft hijacking|hijacked]], [[List of airliner shootdown incidents|shot down]] or sabotaged in any kind of way, investigators ruled out sabotage from the possible causes of the crash.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
=== Flight recordings ===<br />
Both [[flight recorder]]s were recovered from the crash site in damaged condition. The data inside both recorders however was usable. Both recorders were sent to [[New Delhi]] for data extraction. The [[Flight recorder#Flight data recorder|flight data recorder]] had only captured 5 parameters: [[altitude]], [[Heading (navigation)|heading]], [[airspeed]], vertical acceleration and time. The data of vertical acceleration was described as "limited" as the device had only recorded the aircraft's vertical acceleration during its take-off from Calcutta. Meanwhile, the [[Flight recorder#Cockpit voice recorder|cockpit voice recorder]] managed to obtain good quality of the intra-cockpit conversations.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
The flight was uneventful throughout the take-off phase. After crossing [[Comilla Airport]] in [[Bangladesh]], Flight 257 began to deviate to heading 053, significantly off to the right from its supposed heading of 007, by-passing the planned waypoint of [[Agartala]]. Instead of going over Agartala, the crew decided to fly nearly direct towards Imphal. The crew, however, reported to the controllers that they were above Agartala, even though in reality they were nowhere near the said location. The heading that had been put by the crew was maintained for approximately 12 minutes. The crew then turned the aircraft further right to heading 081 for another 9 minutes, before turning left a bit to around heading 070.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
After executing the short cut, the crew reported to Imphal about the revised [[estimated time of arrival]] (ETA) of 12:42 IST, 4 minutes ahead of its previous ETA. As per the given [[flight plan]], Flight 257 was expected to start its descent about 45 minutes after its departure from Calcutta. By taking the revised ETA into account, the aircraft should start its descent at 12:35 local time. The crew, however, decided to descend early, approximately 6 minutes short of the supposed time to commence descent. If the revised ETA was not taken into account, the aircraft had actually descended 10 minutes short of the flight plan's expected time to descend.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
By 12:38 local time, Captain Heldar informed co-pilot Roy Choudhury that they were approximately {{convert|25|nmi|km mi}} from Imphal, based on his observation on the geographical features in the area. About a minute later, the crew told the tower that they were {{convert|12|mi|km nmi}} inbound, suggesting that they had covered the last {{convert|13|mi|km nmi}} in about a minute. The crew also reported that they were near the VOR for Imphal. In truth, the aircraft was actually {{convert|15|nmi|km mi}} from the VOR. The crew then asked permission from the controller to clear them to set a direct outbound track, which was granted by the ATC. According to the CVR, the crew was trying to attempt an [[Teardrop turn|offset entry]] for the airport's [[Holding (aeronautics)|holding pattern]].<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
[[File:HoldTeardropEntry.svg|thumb|130px|A depiction of an offset/teardrop entry (green) to an airport holding pattern (blue). In this image, the entry is from the north. The red dot is the "fix" point. In the case of Flight 257, the entry was from the southwest and the fix point was the VOR for Imphal.]]<br />
Approximately {{convert|14|nmi|km mi}} southwest from the VOR, the crew reported that they were on the outbound leg, turned the aircraft to the right and announced that they were going to descend to {{convert|5,000|ft|m}}. The aircraft started to descend and the turn was eventually completed approximately two minutes later. By this time, the aircraft was still too far away from the airport and was nowhere near the holding pattern. With a distance of approximately {{convert|10|nmi|mi km}} southwest from the airport's VOR, they were somewhere among the hills of Thangjing range.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
The aircraft then changed its heading from 196 to 210 for about a minute and 35 seconds. It had descended to an altitude of {{convert|6,880|ft|m}}. At 12:44 p.m, one of the crew exclaimed "Two minutes up", referring to the usual expected time for an outbound leg towards the airport. In reality, the crew had only taken about one minute and 35 seconds. The crew then initiated the procedural turn to the left. As the aircraft was nowhere near any kind of [[Instrument landing system|navigational devices]] of the airport, the instruments that were supposed to tell the crew that they were on the right track (i.e. [[Marker beacon#Outer marker|outer marker signal]]) eventually could not sound.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
Flight 257 had gone off course from its track and eventually flew onto areas that had not been charted by the airport. Six seconds before impact, the [[Ground proximity warning system|GPWS]] warning repeatedly sounded. For a split second, the crew attempted to put the aircraft into a climb but due to insufficient altitude and distance between the aircraft and the terrain, collision was unavoidable.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
=== Conduct of approach ===<br />
Investigators did not note any abnormality from the approach of Flight 257 until the flight passed over Comilla Airport. As there was no more radar coverage from Comilla to Agartala and Imphal, the pilots, according to the investigators, started to innovate their own procedure and new flight plan by cutting corners in several places. The aircraft was supposed to head over to Agartala, but the crew intentionally deviated from its heading. They later gave the controller a false position report by saying that they were over Agartala, even though the aircraft was virtually nowhere near the said location. This would have given a false impression to the ATC that they had followed the flight plan. Fellow pilots who had been interviewed by investigators described the actions of the crew as "total, grossest indiscipline".<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
Imphal Airport was not equipped with radar. Subsequently, the ATC could not know the exact position of the pilots and could only rely on intermittent positional reports from the pilots. The controller would then assist the pilots to finally reach the airport in a safe manner, away from the mountainous terrain around the city of Imphal. Imphal Airport itself was located in a mountainous area and the weather condition was known for its unpredictability. If the pilots decided to falsify their actual position, ATC could not help much on the matter.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
The decision to not head over to Agartala was probably to cut time. As a result of this short cut, the crew revised their estimated time for arrival in Imphal for approximately four minutes earlier than the previous ETA. The aircraft then inexplicably put into a descent much earlier than their expected time to descend. According to investigators, the crew probably thought that they were already near the VOR even though their actual distance was still too far from the VOR. This was probably influenced by the difference between the flight plan's airspeed and the true airspeed of the aircraft, wherein the actual airspeed was higher than the supposed airspeed, causing the crew to think that they would reach their destination much more earlier than usual.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
At 12:39 IST, the crew transmitted another positional report again. This time, the crew requested for a direct track to the outbound leg, even though they had not reached the VOR (fix point) for an entry to the airport's holding pattern. Their request however was immediately granted by the ATC. Fellow senior pilots reported that, for an approach to Imphal, it is necessary for pilots to fly above the VOR first (the fix point) before conducting a direct landing.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
In accordance with Flight 257's flight plan and the approach chart for Imphal, Flight 257 was expected to arrive at the airport from the southwest, flying with a northeast direction with a heading of 070. It would then reach the VOR and descent from {{convert|10,000|to|8,000|ft|m}} in order to enter the holding pattern for Imphal Airport. The VOR for Imphal was located at {{Coord|24|46|01|N|93|54|28|E|type:event_region:IN|display=inline}}. The holding pattern itself was located northeast of the airport, above the city of Imphal. Upon reaching the holding pattern, the crew should proceed to the outbound leg of the teardrop entry for approximately 2 minutes and 30 seconds and descend the aircraft further to {{convert|5,000|ft|m}}. After completing the holding pattern, the aircraft would continue towards a turn (radial) of 217 degree with a speed of no more than {{convert|170|kn|km/h mph}}. Later, the crew should descend to {{convert|4,200|ft|m}} to capture the localizer for its inbound leg. The localizer would eventually help the crew to safely land at the airport.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
According to the report, the VOR was also crucial for the approach as it was used by passing aircraft as a time reference for the landing. By using the VOR, pilots could estimate the exact time that would be needed to conduct a proper entry into the airport's holding pattern. Disobeying the approach procedure by not flying over the VOR would have caused the pilots to lose, not only their time reference but also precise location that had been set by the written procedure, enabling them to fly above the areas that had not been covered by the airport's navigational aids.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
At 12:11 IST, the crew stated that they were approaching the VOR of Imphal Airport, when in actuality they were still {{convert|15|nmi|km mi}} south-west from the VOR. The pilots had possessed false knowledge on their exact position. Few minutes later, the aircraft turned to the right and started to descend to {{convert|10,000|ft|m}}. By doing so, they could not follow the airport's ILS. Flight 257 was already way off course as it was being flown across uncharted territory. Signals from the airport's beacon eventually could not be received by the aircraft as it was not flying on the proper ILS track anymore.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
One of the crew later stated "two minutes up", indicating that they had accounted the exact time for the outbound leg. According to the investigation, this was also proof that the pilots had actually understood the proper procedure for an approach, however they decided to disobey it. The crew then announced that they were commencing the turn (radial). The crew thought that they were inside the protected area of the holding pattern (the inside of the holding), but the aircraft was not even in the holding pattern. It was actually somewhere between the hills southwest of the airport.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
=== Decision to continue the approach ===<br />
Local weather station reported that the sky was in overcast condition with a total of 8 [[okta]] in the area of Thangjing Hill range, meaning that the visibility would have limited the crew's vision. The crew had taken a short-cut by deviating from the flight track. There were instances when the pilots had deliberately sent false reports on their actual position. Despite being false on their exact position, added with the deteriorating weather condition in the area, the crew decided to continue their flight to Imphal.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
Checks on the pilots flight history revealed that the pilot flying (PF) of Flight 257, Captain Heldar, had flown for at least 36 times to Imphal. Indian Airlines did not set a limit for pilots to use the same route so occasionally pilots chose to fly the same route over and over again. Over time, Captain Heldar requested the flights to Imphal to be given to him. As a result, Captain Heldar had been familiarized with the route. This eventually led Captain Heldar to be a bit over-confident. In the CVR recording at 12:38 IST, Captain Heldar could be heard saying "this is one hill, that is another hill and in between the two." His familiarity with the surrounding terrain caused him to estimate his calculation and distance on the basis of the features of the terrain rather than on the aircraft's instruments.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
While there were clear violations of the proper procedure for an approach to Imphal, Captain Heldar was accompanied by Captain Roy Choudhury in the cockpit. Captain Roy Choudhury should have corrected Captain Heldar's actions, but the CVR indicated that he did not give any kind of caution, advice or corrective responses to Captain Heldar's actions. Investigators described his demeanour on the entire flight as a "mere passive and mute spectator" in the cockpit. Hence, Captain Roy Choudhury was also blamed by the investigators for being equally undisciplined and lacking in professionalism.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
===Conclusion===<br />
The final report was submitted to the Indian government on 30 April 1992, approximately eight months after the accident. The investigation concluded the cause of the crash as follow:<br />
{{blockquote|The accident occurred by reason of a grave error on the part of the Pilot-in-Command in not adhering to the operational flight plan and ILS let down chart and not realizing that his early descent to {{convert|10000|ft|m}} and turning right for outbound leg without reporting overhead VOR would result in loss of time reference and as such misplace him in the hilly terrain. The Pilot-in-Command's action may have been influenced by his extreme familiarity with the terrain.|source=Board of Inquiry<ref>{{Cite web|title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-2A8 Advanced VT-EFL Imphal Municipal Airport (IMF)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19910816-1|last=Ranter|first=Harro|date=|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
As a result of the crash, a total of 50 recommendations were issued by members from the Board of Inquiry, particularly on flight crew training and discipline. The Board of Inquiry also issued a recommendation for the establishment of an independent investigative body for transport accidents in India.<ref name="final"/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Indian Airlines Flight 113]] the cause of the accident is error of judgment on the part of the Pilot-in-command as well as the Co-pilot associated with poor visibility which was not passed to aircraft.<br />
* [[Alliance Air Flight 7412]], an Indian air disaster which was caused by the crew's decision to violate approach procedure.<br />
* [[Aviastar Flight 7503]], pilots decided to deviate from their designated route and took a short cut over mountainous area.<br />
* [[Aerosvit Flight 241]], confused flight crews falsified their position to the ATC and decided to re-orient themselves, causing the aircraft to crash into a mountain.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://dgca.gov.in/digigov-portal/?dynamicPage=dynamicPdf/130615405&mainAccidentReports/500005/0/viewApplicationDtlsReq Final accident report] - at [[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)]]<!--Archive of PDF: http://web.archive.org/web/20200526014156/https://dgca.gov.in/digigov-portal/Upload?flag=iframeAttachView&attachId=130615405&mainAccidentReports --><br />
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090103051007/http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=08161991&reg=VT-EFL&airline=Indian+Airlines Indian Airlines Flight 257 at Airdisaster.com]}} ({{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090103051007/http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=08161991&reg=VT-EFL&airline=Indian+Airlines Archive]}})<br />
<br />
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in India}}<br />
{{Aviation incidents and accidents in 1991}}<br />
{{Air India}}<br />
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain]]<br />
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1991]]<br />
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian (airline) accidents and incidents|257]]<br />
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 737 Original]]<br />
[[Category:1991 disasters in India]]<br />
[[Category:August 1991 in India]]<br />
[[Category:Disasters in Manipur]]<br />
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malda_district&diff=472818Malda district2026-02-18T19:41:24Z<p>Priyupranav: refined details for clarity and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|District in West Bengal, India}}<br />
{{about|the district of West Bengal|the Malda type of mango|List of mango cultivars}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Malda district<br />
| native_name = {{native_name|bn|Māldôho Jelā}}<br />
| other_name = <br />
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]] of [[West Bengal]]<br />
| image_skyline = {{multiple image<br />
| border = infobox<br />
| total_width = 280<br />
| caption_align = center<br />
| perrow = 1/2/2/1<br />
|image1 = Baraduari Mosque alias Barasona Mosque at Gaur 05.jpg<br />
|image2 = Firoze Minar at Gaur in Malda district 10.jpg<br />
|image3 = Lukachuri Gateway at Gaur in Malda District 02.jpg<br />
|image4 = The Tomb of Fateh Khan, Gaur, WB.jpg<br />
|image5 = Adina Mosque exterior view.jpg <br />
|image6 = Malda Town Railway Station.jpg<br />
}}<br />
| caption = Clockwise from top-left: [[Baro Shona Masjid|Baro Sona mosque]], [[Lukochuri Darwaza|Lukachuri gateway]] in [[Gauḍa (city)|Gaur]], [[Adina Mosque]], Malda Town Railway Station, Tomb of Fateh Khan and [[Firoz Minar]]<br />
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|id=Q2049820 |stroke-colour=#C60C30|stroke-width=2|text=Interactive Map Outlining Malda District}}<br />
| image_map1 = Malda in West Bengal (India).svg<br />
| mapsize = 300<br />
| map_caption1 = Location of Malda district in West Bengal<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|25|06|N|88|06|E|region:IN-WB_type:adm3rd_dim:100000|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]<br />
| subdivision_name = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of West Bengal|Division]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malda division|Malda]]<br />
| seat_type = Headquarters<br />
| seat = [[Malda, West Bengal|Malda]]<br />
| leader_title = [[List of subdivisions of West Bengal|Subdivisions]]<br />
| leader_name = [[Malda Sadar subdivision|Malda Sadar]], [[Chanchal subdivision|Chanchal]]<br />
| leader_title1 = [[Community Development Block|CD Blocks]]<br />
| leader_name1 = [[English Bazar (community development block)|English Bazar]], [[Old Malda (community development block)|Old Malda]], [[Gazole (community development block)|Gazole]], [[Habibpur (community development block)|Habibpur]], [[Kaliachak I]], [[Kaliachak II]], [[Kaliachak III]], [[Manikchak (community development block)|Manikchak]], [[Bamangola (community development block)|Bamangola]], [[Chanchal I]], [[Chanchal II]], [[Ratua I]], [[Ratua II]], [[Harishchandrapur I]], [[Harishchandrapur II]]<br />
| leader_title2 = [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]<br />
| leader_name2 = [[Maldah Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldah Dakshin]], [[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldah Uttar]]<br />
| leader_title3 = [[List of constituencies of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]<br />
| leader_name3 = [[Habibpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Habibpur]], [[Gazole (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gazole]], [[Chanchal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chanchal]], [[Harishchandrapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Harishchandrapur]], [[Malatipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Malatipur]], [[Ratua (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ratua]], [[Manikchak (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Manikchak]], [[Maldaha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Maldah]], [[English Bazar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|English Bazar]], [[Mothabari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mothabari]], [[Sujapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sujapur]], [[Baisnabnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Baisnabnagar]]<br />
| total_type = Total<br />
| area_total_km2 = 3733<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_total = 3,988,845<br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| population_urban = 541,660<br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| demographics_type1 = Demographics<br />
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]<br />
| demographics1_info1 = 62.71 per cent<br />
| demographics1_title2 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]<br />
| demographics1_info2 = 939 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]<br />
| demographics_type2 = Languages<br />
| demographics2_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics2_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=5 July 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref><br />
| demographics2_title2 = Additional&nbsp;official<br />
| demographics2_info2 = [[English language|English]]<ref name="wblangoff"/><br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +05:30<br />
| website = {{URL|http://malda.gov.in/}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Malda district''', also spelt '''Maldah''' or '''Maldaha''' ({{IPA|bn|malda|lang}}, {{IPA|bn|maldɔɦ|}}, often {{IPA|bn|maldɔɦo|}}), is a district in [[West Bengal]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malda District {{!}} Government of West Bengal {{!}} India |url=https://malda.gov.in/ |access-date=4 April 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref> The capital of the [[Bengal Sultanate]], [[Gauḍa (city)|Gauda]] and [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]], was situated in this district.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760 |url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft067n99v9&chunk.id=s1.2.3&toc.depth=1&brand=ucpress |access-date=4 April 2025 |website=publishing.cdlib.org}}</ref> [[Mango]], [[jute]] and [[silk]] are the most notable products of this district. The special variety of mango, [[Fazli (mango)|Fazli]], produced in this region is popularly known by the name of the district and is exported across the world and is internationally acclaimed. The folk culture of [[gombhira]] is a feature of the district, being a unique way of representation of joy and sorrow in daily life of the common people, as well as the unique medium of presentation on national and international matters.<br />
<br />
According to the [[National Investigation Agency]] Malda is believed to be a hub of a [[counterfeit money|fake currency]] racket.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Malda-gateway-of-fake-currencies/articleshow/48950199.cms Malda, gateway of fake currencies]. (14 September 2015). [[Times of India]]. Retrieved 12 March 2021.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/821401/malda-indias-fake-currency-capital-is-feeling-the-demonetisation-pinch|title=Malda, India's fake currency capital, is feeling the demonetisation pinch|date=14 November 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oneindia.com/india/why-does-fake-currency-come-from-west-bengal-1788096.html|title=Why does all fake currency come from West Bengal?|date=25 June 2015}}</ref> It has been reported that 90 per cent of the fake currency that enters India (through Bangladesh) originates in Malda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/malda-violence-was-bsf-vs-people-claims-mamata-banerjee-1263898|title = Malda Violence Was 'BSF Vs People', Claims Mamata Banerjee}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/fake-currency-seized-from-malda-494216-2015-10-13|title=Fake currency seized from Malda|date=13 October 2015 }}</ref>{{better|date=February 2025}} The headquarters of Malda district is in [[Malda, West Bengal|English Bazar]], also known as ''Malda'', which was once the [[Capital city|capital]] of [[Bengal]]. The district maintains the traditions of the past in culture and education. [[Old Malda]], the town which lies just east of the confluence of the [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]] and [[Kalindi River|Kalindi]] rivers, is part of the English Bazar metropolitan city. The town rose to prominence as the river port of the old capital of [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]]. During the 18th century, it was the seat of prosperous cotton and silk industries. It remains an important distribution centre for rice, jute, and wheat. The area between the historical monument of Jame Masjid (1566) and the landmark of Nimasarai Tower across the river Mahananda, constituted a municipality in 1867. Rice, jute, [[legumes]], and [[oilseed]] are the chief crops in the surrounding area. Malda is the largest producer of excellent quality jute in India. [[Mulberry]] plantations and mango orchards also occupy large areas; mango trade and silk manufacture are the main economic activities.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
===Pre-Gour Era===<br />
[[Pāṇini]] mentioned a city named ''Gourpura'', which by strong reason may be identified as the city of ''Gouda'', ruins of which are situated in this district. Examples are legion of the relics of a predecessor kingdom being used in the monuments of the successor kingdoms.<br />
<br />
It had been within the limits of ancient ''Gour'' and ''Pandua'' ([[Pundravardhana|''Pundrabardhana'']]). These two cities had been the capital of Bengal in ancient and medieval ages and are equidistant, north and south, from [[Malda, West Bengal|English Bazar]] town (once known as Engelzavad established by the British rulers).<br />
The boundary of Gour was changed in different ages since the fifth century BC, and its name can be found in [[Purana|Puranic]] texts. [[Mahasthangarh|Pundranagara]] was the provincial capital of the [[Maurya Empire]]. Gour and [[Pundravardhana]] formed parts of the Mourya empire as is evinced from the [[inscription]]s, [[Brāhmī script|Brahmi]] script on a seal discovered from the ruins of [[Mahasthangarh]] in the [[Bogra District]] of [[Bangladesh]]. [[Xuanzang]] saw many [[Ashoka]]n [[stupa]]s at Pundravardhana.<br />
<br />
The inscriptions discovered in the district of undivided [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Dinajpur]] and other parts of North Bengal, along with the [[Allahabad]] pillar inscriptions of [[Samudragupta]], clearly indicate that the whole of [[North Bengal]] as far east as [[Kamrup region|Kamrup]] formed a part of the [[Gupta Empire]]. After the Guptas at the beginning of seventh century AD [[Sasanka]], the king of Karnasubarna, as well as the king of [[Gauḍa region|Gauda]], ruled independently for more than three decades. From the middle of the eighth century to the end of the 11th century the Pala dynasty ruled Bengal, and the kings were devoted to [[Buddhism]]. It was during their reign that the Jagadalla Vihara (monastery) in Barindri flourished paralleling with [[Nalanda]], Vikramshila and Devikot.<ref name="HANDBOOK"/><br />
<br />
===Gour Era===<br />
The [[Pala Empire]] yielded to the emergence of the [[Sen Dynasty]]. The Sen rulers were [[Orthodox Hinduism|orthodox Hindus]], and in the habit of moving from place to place within their kingdom. During this time, Buddhism went on the defensive. It eventually disappeared from the demographic map of Bengal. At the time of Gaudeshwara [[Lakshman Sen]], Goud was known as Lakshmanabati. During his reign Bengal was attacked by the Turkic force of [[Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji|Bakhtiyar Khilji]]. After Lakshman Sen, Keshava Sen, Biswarup Sen, Madhava Sen etc. many Sena dynasty rulers ruled Gauda and hold the title Gaudeshwara Then Deva dynasty kings of Chandradwip ruled Bengal. Deva dynasty king [[Danujmardandeva]] and [[Mahendra Deva]] both hold the title Gaudeshwara.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}<br />
<br />
The name Mal Daha was coined (from ''Mal'' meaning riches and ''Daha'' meaning lake). [[Sultan|Sultans]] [[Ilyas Shah]], [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty|Firuz Shah]], [[Sikandar Shah]], [[Raja Ganesha]], [[Alauddin Hussain Shah]] and [[Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah]] were the notable rulers of the medieval age. [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] warrior [[Sher Shah Suri]] conquered [[Gauḍa (city)|Gour]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Malda: A spectacle of desolation in West Bengal |url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/culture/malda-spectacle-desolation-west-bengal |website=The Sunday Guardian Live |date=30 May 2020}}</ref> and was repelled by [[Mughal emperor]] [[Humayun]]. [[Humayun]], loving the [[mango]] of Gour, named the place ''Jannatabad'' (garden of heaven). [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]], [[Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah|Ghiyasuddin]] and the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] army invaded [[Gaur|Gour]] to suppress rebellion several times.<br />
<br />
Relics of [[Islamic architecture]] structures are present in Malda district, such as [[Gaur|Firuz minar]], [[Adina Mosque]] (the largest [[mosque]] of [[South Asia]] at the time), and [[Qutwali Gate]]. During the Mughal rule, the capital was removed to [[Dhaka]] due to a course change of the river [[Ganges]]. Muslim rule ended in 1757. [[Koch dynasty|Koch]] army invasion increased during the downfall of Gour.<ref name="HANDBOOK"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Malda: A spectacle of desolation in West Bengal|url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/culture/malda-spectacle-desolation-west-bengal|date=30 May 2020|website=The Sunday Guardian Live|language=en-US|access-date=2 June 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Post-Gour Era===<br />
[[File:Jungleterry District Map.jpg|thumb|200px|right|1779 map of the [[Jungle Terry]] District.]]<br />
After the [[Battle of Plassey|war of Palassy]], the [[East India Company|British]] rule started in 1757. The English traders settled in the southern bank of the river [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]]. Some indigo plant chambers, trade centre, and offices were established. [[William Carey (missionary)|William Carey]] worked here. But the glory days were gone.{{opinion|date=March 2021}}<br />
[[Image:1907-bengal-sikkim3.jpg|right|thumb|1907 Map of Bengal with Sikkim]]<br />
This district was formed out of some portions of outlying areas of [[Purnia]], [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Dinajpur]] and [[Rajshahi District|Rajshahi]] districts in 1813. At the time of Dr. B. Hamilton (1808&ndash;09), the present thanas of [[Gazole Town|Gazole]], Malda, Bamongola, and part of [[Habibpur]] were included in the district of Dinajpur and the thanas of Harischandrapur, Kharba, Ratua, Manikchak, and Kaliachak were included in the district of Purnia. In 1813, in consequence of the prevalence of serious crimes in the Kaliachak and Sahebganj thanas and also on the rivers, a Joint Magistrate and Deputy Collector were appointed at English Bazar, with jurisdiction over a number of police stations centering that place and taken from the two districts. Thus the district of Malda was born. The year 1832 saw the establishment of a separate treasury and the year 1859 the posting of a full-fledged magistrate and collector.{{cn|date=October 2024}}<br />
<br />
Up to 1876, this district formed part of [[Rajshahi Division]] and between 1876 and 1905, it formed part of [[Bhagalpur Division]]. In 1905, it was again transferred to Rajshahi Division and until 1947, Malda remained in this division. During the first [[Partition of Bengal (1905)|Partition of Bengal of 1905]], this district was attached to the newly created province of [[Eastern Bengal and Assam]]. Malda has a history of the Indigo movement led by [[Rafique Mondal]]. The Santhals got insurgent and captured historic [[Adina Mosque]] in support of Jeetu. Again in August 1947, this district was affected by partition. Between 12&ndash;15 August 1947, the fate of the district as to which side it should go, to Pakistan or to India, was undecided because the announcement of the partition award of [[Cyril Radcliffe, 1st Viscount Radcliffe|Cyril Radcliffe]] did not make this point clear. During these few days, the district was under a Magistrate of [[East Pakistan]] due to Muslim majority (1941 British India census). When the details of the [[Radcliffe Award]] were published, the district came over to [[West Bengal]] on 17 August 1947. However, the sub-division of [[Chapai Nawabganj District|Nawabganj]] was severed from Malda and was given to East Pakistan as a sub-division of the [[Rajshahi]] district.<ref name="HANDBOOK">{{cite book|title=HISTORY AND SCOPE OF THE DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK|page=7|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf|access-date=23 December 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
The [[latitude]] range is 24°40’20" N to 25°32’08" N, and the [[longitude]] range is 87°45’50" E to 88°28’10" E. The district covers an area of {{convert|3733.66|km2|sqmi|1}}. The total population (as of 2001 Census) was recorded as 3,290,160.<br />
<br />
Malda is called the gateway of North [[Bengal]]. It was once the capital of [[Gour-Banga]] with its {{convert|3733|km2|sqmi|0}} lay of the land classified into Tal, Diara, and Barind.<br />
<br />
To the south is [[Murshidabad district]], to the north are [[North Dinajpur| North Dinajpur district]] and [[South Dinajpur|South Dinajpur district]]. To the east is the international border with Bangladesh. To the west is [[Santhal Parganas]] of [[Jharkhand]] and [[Purnea]] of [[Bihar]].<br />
<br />
===Malda City===<br />
{{Main|Malda City}}<br />
<br />
'''Malda''', the district headquarters which lends its name to the district, during its early days grew up only near the side of the river Mahananda, and now the place is known as Phulbari. Some of the oldest houses can be found here. The city started to grow from 1925 to 1930. Now nearly a half-million people live in this city, and it is one of the biggest cities of West Bengal. It was a part of the historic city of [[Gauḍa (city)|Gour]]. Malda is recognised as the [[Old Malda Municipality, Malda|Old Malda municipality]] and the [[English Bazar Municipality|English Bazar municipality]]. Its notable railway station is named as [[Malda Town railway station|Malda Town]].<br />
<br />
===Mahadipur international border crossing===<br />
The Mahadipur international border crossing is on the Malda-[[Rajshahi]] route at Mahadipur town in Malda district.<br />
<br />
==Local newspapers==<br />
The first monthly periodicals published from Malda was ''Kusum'', edited by Radhesh Chandra Seth, a noted personality of the then Malda. Though the exact date of its first publications is not known, it has been assumed by the informed sources that Kusum was first published in the 1890s. In 1896, Radhesh Chandra published two weekly newspapers ''Gourdoot'' and ''Gourbarta''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sarkar|first1=Ashim|title=Changing Profile of Bengal District:Malda 1932-1950|date=2008|publisher=Classique Books|location=9, Radhanath Mallik Lane, Kolkata|isbn=978-81-87616-34-4|pages=10&ndash;12|edition=First}}</ref> In 1897 Maldaha Samachar edited by Kaliprasanna Chakrabarty began to be published. Maulavi Abdul Ganikhan published 'Malda Akhbar' in 1914. In the same year, another periodical Gambhira' edited by Krishna Charan Sarkar was published. Damru, Adina and Minar—three weekly newspapers were published in 1941. The editors were Nanda Gopal Chowdhury, Akbar Munshi and Abdur Rahaman respectively.<br />
<br />
The most important among them was ''Gourdoot'' which was first published on 1896 by Radhesh Chandra Seth. But within a short period, the publication of the newspaper came to an end as the editor faced a serious financial loss. The 'Gourdoot' again began to be published from 1912 under the editorship of Lalbihari Majumdar. Majumdar was a great scholar and his literary sense was appreciated by Benoy Kumar Sarkar and Radhesh Chandra Seth. In this endeavour, the editor was greatly supported by them and financed by Sarat Chandra Roy Chowdhury, Maharaja of Chancal. The Gourdoot was used to be published on Thursday of each week. The paper contained 6 pages and the price is one anna in 1944. The political outlook of the newspaper is pro-Congress. Moreover, Lalbihari Majumdar, its editor, took a pioneering role in organising the congress movement in Malda.{{cn|date=October 2024}}<br />
<br />
==Popular movements in Malda==<br />
The most important among the popular movement is the one led by Jitu Santhal in 1932. Historians like Tanika Sarkar observes Jitu's movement was rooted in the rich tradition of tribal struggle in Malda. The early form of Santhal resistance was migration, which Professor Ashim Sarkar thinks amounted to a kind of passive resistance. Active struggle between the Santhals and their landlords began about 1910.<br />
<br />
As the barind (barindra) area began to be transformed into a developed agricultural zone, the zamindars of barind began to enhance the rent and curb the rights so far enjoyed by the Santhal from 1910 onwards. M.O Carter mentions cases were commonly found in which the lands cultivated by the adhiars, which were previously their occupancy holdings but had been sold up in rent or mortgage sales. This caused friction among zamindars and Santhals. The friction took an alarming proportion as early as 1910 when a zamindar of Bulbulchandi tried to enhance the rent. The Santhal tenants rose into protest. The gravity of the situation compelled Mr. Vas, the District Magistrate, to interfere and fix the rent. It was in this backdrop of oppression, exploitation and injustice. Jitu Santhal of Kochakandahar village of Habibpur began to mobilise the Santhals for a widespread movement. In 1926 Jitu became the leader of the Santhals by [[Religious conversion|converting]] them to [[Vaivasvata Manu|Manuvadi]] Hinduism. In the same year 'Jitu's Sanyasi Dal' defied police order to perform a Kali puja to assert its new Hindu status. In September 1928 Santhals under Jitu's leadership [[looted]] the autumn crop of [[Sikarpur, Cooch Behar|Sikharpur]] which had recently been taken away from them in [[Barind Tract|barind]] region. The District Magistrate and the Superintendent of the Police rushed to the spot with armed police. After much skirmishes, Jitu along with his sixty followers arrested at the hand of the police.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sarkar|first1=Ashim Kumar|title=Changing Profile of a Bengal District Malda:19|date=2008|publisher=Classique Books|location=9, Radhanath Mallik Lane, Kolkata-12|isbn=978-81-87616-34-4|page=35|edition=First}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Malda one of the country's 283 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the eleven districts in West Bengal currently receiving funds from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund|Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme]] (BRGF).<br />
No notable industry is made here. Most of the people of the district are agricultural labourer and unskilled labourer.<br />
<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://malda.gov.in/economy_about.htm|title=District Portal of Malda}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Divisions==<br />
<br />
===Administrative subdivisions===<br />
The district comprises two subdivisions: [[Chanchal subdivision|Chanchal]] and [[Malda Sadar subdivision|Malda Sadar]]. Chanchal consists of six community development blocks: Chanchal&ndash;I, Chanchal&ndash;II, Ratua&ndash;I, Ratua&ndash;II, Harishchandrapur&ndash;I and Harishchandrapur&ndash;II. Malda Sadar subdivision consists of [[Old Malda]] municipality, [[English Bazar]] municipality and nine community development blocks: English Bazar, Gazole, Habibpur, Kaliachak&ndash;I, Kaliachak&ndash;II, Kaliachak&ndash;III, Manickchak, Old Malda and Bamangola.<ref name=blocdir>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://wbdemo5.nic.in/writereaddata/Directoryof_District_Block_GPs(RevisedMarch-2008).doc <br />
|title=Directory of District, Sub division, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal, March 2008 <br />
|date=19 March 2008 |access-date=10 November 2008 |work=West Bengal <br />
|publisher=National Informatics Centre, India <br />
|url-status=dead <br />
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225032419/http://wbdemo5.nic.in/writereaddata/Directoryof_District_Block_GPs%28RevisedMarch-2008%29.doc <br />
|archive-date=25 February 2009 }}</ref> [[English Bazar]] is the district headquarters. There are 15 police stations(including malda woman police station),and one cybersecurity police station<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/01/Table2_2.htm <br />
|title=Census of India 2001, Final Population Totals, West Bengal, Rural Frame <br />
|work=West Bengal <br />
|publisher=Directorate of census operations <br />
|access-date=10 November 2008 |url-status=dead <br />
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040820/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/01/Table2_2.htm <br />
|archive-date=19 July 2011 }}</ref> 15 development blocks, 2 municipalities, 146 [[gram panchayat]]s and 3,701 villages in this district.<ref name=blocdir/><ref name=adminsetup>{{cite web<br />
| url = http://malda.nic.in/Disprof.htm<br />
| title = District Profile<br />
| publisher = Official website of the Malda district<br />
| access-date = 10 November 2008<br />
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719081346/http://malda.nic.in/Disprof.htm<br />
| archive-date = 19 July 2011<br />
| url-status = dead<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
Other than municipality areas, each subdivision contains community development blocs, which in turn, are divided into rural areas and census towns.<ref>{{cite web<br />
| url = http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_6.htm<br />
| title = Population, Decadal Growth Rate, Density and General Sex Ratio by Residence and Sex, West Bengal/ District/ Sub District, 1991 and 2001<br />
| access-date = 10 November 2008<br />
| work = West Bengal<br />
| publisher = Directorate of census operations<br />
}}</ref> In total there are 10 urban units, 2 municipalities and 3 census towns. [[Malda, West Bengal|English Bazar]] and [[Old Malda]] form an [[urban agglomeration]].<br />
<br />
====Chanchal subdivision====<br />
* [[Chanchal I (community development block)]] consists of rural areas (8&nbsp;gram panchayats) and town [[Chanchal]],(second largest town in Malda).<br />
* [[Chanchal II (community development block)]] consists of rural areas only (7&nbsp;gram panchayats).<br />
* [[Ratua I (community development block)]] consists of rural areas only (10&nbsp;gram panchayats).<br />
* [[Ratua II (community development block)]] consists of rural areas only (8&nbsp;gram panchayats).<br />
* [[Harishchandrapur I (community development block)]] consists of rural areas only (7&nbsp;gram panchayats).<br />
* [[Harishchandrapur II (community development block)]] consists of rural areas only (9&nbsp;gram panchayats).<br />
<br />
====Malda Sadar subdivision====<br />
* [[English Bazar]]: municipality<br />
* [[Old Malda Municipality, Malda|Old Malda]]: municipality<br />
* [[English Bazar (community development block)]] consists of rural areas only (11&nbsp;gram panchayats).<br />
* [[Gazole (community development block)]] consists of rural areas only (15&nbsp;gram panchayats).<br />
* [[Habibpur (community development block)]] consists of rural areas (11&nbsp;gram panchayats) and three census towns: [[Kachu Pukur]], [[Kendua, West Bengal|Kendua]] and [[Aiho]].<br />
* [[Kaliachak I (community development block)]] consists of rural areas only (14&nbsp;gram panchayats).<br />
* [[Kaliachak II (community development block)]] consists of rural areas only (9&nbsp;gram panchayats).<br />
* [[Kaliachak III (community development block)]] consists of rural areas only (14&nbsp;gram panchayats).<br />
* [[Manikchak (community development block)]] consists of rural areas only (11&nbsp;gram panchayats).<br />
* [[Old Malda (community development block)]] consists of rural areas only (6&nbsp;gram panchayats).<br />
* [[Bamangola (community development block)]] consists of rural areas only (6&nbsp;gram panchayats).<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Constituencies ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!No.<br />
!Name<br />
!Lok Sabha<br />
!MLA<br />
! colspan="2" |2021 Winner<br />
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead<br />
|-<br />
| 43<br />
| [[Habibpur Assembly constituency|Habibpur (ST)]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Maldaha Uttar Lok Sabha constituency|Maldaha Uttar]]<br />
|[[Joyel Murmu]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| 44<br />
| [[Gazole Assembly constituency|Gazole (SC)]]<br />
|[[Chinmoy Deb Barman]]<br />
|-<br />
| 45<br />
| [[Chanchal Assembly constituency|Chanchal]]<br />
|[[Nihar Ranjan Ghosh]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=5}}<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br />
|-<br />
| 46<br />
| [[Harishchandrapur Assembly constituency|Harishchandrapur]]<br />
|[[Tajmul Hossain]]<br />
|-<br />
| 47<br />
| [[Malatipur Assembly constituency|Malatipur]]<br />
|[[Abdur Rahim Boxi]]<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
| [[Ratua Assembly constituency|Ratua]]<br />
|[[Samar Mukherjee (Malda politician)|Samar Mukherjee]]<br />
|-<br />
| 49<br />
| [[Manikchak Assembly constituency|Manikchak]]<br />
|[[Maldaha Dakshin Lok Sabha constituency|Maldaha Dakshin]]<br />
|[[Sabitri Mitra]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 50<br />
| [[Maldaha Assembly constituency|Maldaha (SC)]]<br />
|[[Maldaha Uttar Lok Sabha constituency|Maldaha Uttar]]<br />
|[[Gopal Chandra Saha]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| 51<br />
| [[English Bazar Assembly constituency|English Bazar]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Maldaha Dakshin Lok Sabha constituency|Maldaha Dakshin]]<br />
|[[Sreerupa Mitra Chaudhury]]<br />
|-<br />
| 52<br />
| [[Mothabari Assembly constituency|Mothabari]]<br />
| [[Sabina Yeasmin]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| 53<br />
| [[Sujapur Assembly constituency|Sujapur]]<br />
|[[Abdul Ghani (Indian politician)|Muhammad Abdul Ghani]]<br />
|-<br />
| 54<br />
| [[Baisnabnagar Assembly constituency|Baisnabnagar]]<br />
|[[Chandana Sarkar]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Villages ===<br />
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a location to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <br />
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---><br />
*[[Chitholia]]<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{See also| List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate}}{{historical populations|11=1901|12=6,03,649|13=1911|14=6,98,547|15=1921|16=6,86,174|17=1931|18=7,20,440|19=1941|20=8,44,315|21=1951|22=9,37,580|23=1961|24=12,21,923|25=1971|26=16,12,657|27=1981|28=20,31,871|29=1991|30=26,37,032|31=2001|32=32,90,468|33=2011|34=39,88,845|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}<br />
<br />
[[Bengalis]] about 91% including [[Bengali Muslims]] and [[Bengali Hindus]] form the majority of the district population. Bengali Muslims about 51.27% form the [[Ethnic majority|majority]] of Malda district population whereas Bengali Hindus are the second largest community forming about 48% of District population. According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Malda district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 3,988,845,<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web|year=2011|title=District Census 2011 - Malda|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf|access-date=|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Liberia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Liberia 3,786,764 July 2011 est.<br />
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Oregon]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php <br />
|title=2010 Resident Population Data <br />
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau <br />
|access-date=30 September 2011 |quote=Oregon 3,831,074 <br />
|url-status=dead <br />
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028064539/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php <br />
|archive-date=28 October 2011 }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 58th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 1071 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.5%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Malda has a [[sex ratio]] of 939 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 62.71%. 13.58% of the population live in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 20.94% and 7.87% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/><br />
<br />
;Community<br />
Malda has a largely diverse range of population groups. People from adjoining regions like Bihar and Murshidabad district came here since centuries. People of various classes and tribes like Polia, [[Shershabadia]], [[Khotta people|Khotta]], [[Fisherman|Panjhra]], [[Chain Mondal]], [[Rajbanshi people|Rajbanshi]], and [[Santal people|Santhal]] inhabit the district.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mitra |first=A. |title=West Bengal District Handbook: Malda |publisher=The Government of India Press |year=1954 |location=Calcutta |pages=13–24}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Religion ===<br />
{{bar box<br />
|title=Religion in Malda district<br />
<ref name="religion"/><br />
|titlebar=#Fcd116<br />
|left1=Malda<br />
|right1=Percent<br />
|float=left<br />
|width=<br />
|bars=<br />
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|51.27}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|47.99}}<br />
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.74}}<br />
}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+Religion in present-day Malda district<br />
!Religion<br />
!Population (1941)<ref name="1941religion">{{cite web |title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI BENGAL PROVINCE |url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/37365/GIPE-020591.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref>{{rp|75}}<br />
!Percentage (1941)<br />
!Population (1951)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitra |first=A. |date=1954 |title=India - District Handbook Malda - Census 1951 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30078 |access-date=20 April 2025 |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Manager of Publications, Delhi |page=25 |id=Dspace_123456789_5118}}</ref><br />
!Percentage (1951)<br />
!Population (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref><br />
!Percentage (2011)<br />
|-<br />
|[[Islam]] [[File:Star_and_Crescent.svg|15x15px]]<br />
|414,031<br />
|49.04%<br />
|346,649<br />
|36,97%<br />
|2,045,151<br />
|51.27%<br />
|-<br />
|[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|16x16px]]<br />
|378,341<br />
|44.81%<br />
|589,896<br />
|62.92%<br />
|1,914,352<br />
|47.99%<br />
|-<br />
|Tribal religion<br />
|51,462<br />
|6.10%<br />
|87<br />
|0.01%<br />
|7,929<br />
|0.20%<br />
|-<br />
|Others{{efn|Including [[Jainism]], [[Christianity]], [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Ad-Dharmi]]s, or not stated}}<br />
|481<br />
|0.06%<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|21,413<br />
|0.54%<br />
|-<br />
|'''Total Population'''<br />
|'''844,315'''<br />
|'''100%'''<br />
|'''937,580'''<br />
|'''100%'''<br />
|'''3,988,845'''<br />
|'''100%'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Muslims are the majority in the district, and are most dominant in the northwest and south along the Padma River. Hindus are in majority to the east of the Padma along the Bangladesh border, as well as in urban areas.<ref name="religion" /><br />
<br />
Before independence the district had a Muslim plurality, but due to partition migration, even though uneven in nature in Bengal, decadal Hindu population grew by 56% against the decrease of Muslim population by only 16%, resulting overall Hindu majority at 63%. Since then the percentage of Hindu population has fallen to being minority at 48% in 2011, with a decrease of 15% which more than double of overall West Bengal. Due to lack of sufficient and proper border fencing and security across Bangladesh border, large number of illegal Bangladeshi Muslim immigrants have arrived according to government estimate, political suspects and various research studies.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Population by religion in CD blocks<br />
|-<br />
! CD Block<br />
! Muslim<br />
! Hindu<br />
! Other<br />
|-<br />
| [[Harishchandrapur I]]<br />
| style="background:green;color:white" |59.41%<br />
|40.31%<br />
|0.28%<br />
|-<br />
| [[Harishchandrapur II]]<br />
| style="background:green;color:white" |73.65%<br />
|26.18%<br />
|0.17%<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chanchal I]]<br />
| style="background:green;color:white" |71.22%<br />
|28.61%<br />
|0.17%<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chanchal II]]<br />
| style="background:green;color:white" |71.25%<br />
|27.82%<br />
|0.93%<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ratua I]]<br />
| style="background:green;color:white" |66.88%<br />
|32.97%<br />
|0.15%<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ratua II]]<br />
| style="background:green;color:white" |78.71%<br />
|21.18%<br />
|0.11%<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gazole (community development block)|Gazole]]<br />
|23.60%<br />
| style="background:darkorange" |74.51%<br />
|1.89%<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bamangola (community development block)|Bamangola]]<br />
|8.87%<br />
| style="background:darkorange" |89.96%<br />
|1.17%<br />
|-<br />
| [[Habibpur (community development block)|Habibpur]]<br />
|1.28%<br />
| style="background:darkorange" |94.96%<br />
|3.76%<br />
|-<br />
| [[Old Malda (community development block)|Old Malda]]<br />
|28.60%<br />
| style="background:darkorange" |70.00%<br />
|1.40%<br />
|-<br />
| [[English Bazar (community development block)|English Bazar]]<br />
| style="background:green;color:white" |51.49%<br />
|48.34%<br />
|0.17%<br />
|-<br />
|[[Manikchak]]<br />
|43.88%<br />
| style="background:darkorange" |55.96%<br />
|0.16%<br />
|-<br />
|[[Kaliachak I]]<br />
| style="background:green;color:white" |89.29%<br />
|10.56%<br />
|0.15%<br />
|-<br />
|[[Kaliachak II]]<br />
| style="background:green;color:white" |65.98%<br />
|33.88%<br />
|0.14%<br />
|-<br />
|[[Kaliachak III]]<br />
| style="background:green;color:white" |50.72%<br />
|49.01%<br />
|0.27%<br />
|-<br />
|Area not under any Sub-district<br />
|11.66%<br />
| style="background:darkorange" |86.80%<br />
|1.54%<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Language ===<br />
{{Pie chart<br />
|thumb = left<br />
|caption = Languages of Malda District (2011).<ref name="languages"/> <br />
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 91.04 |color1 = orchid<br />
|label2 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value2 = 4.18 |color2 = darkturquoise<br />
|label3 = [[Khortha language|Khortha]] |value3 = 2.27 |color3 = tomato<br />
|label4 = [[Hindi]] |value4 = 1.06 |color4 = Orange<br />
|label5 = Other |value5 = 1.45 |color5 = Grey<br />
}}<br />
The language spoken by the populace of Malda district is predominantly [[Bengali language|Bengali]].<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> [[Khotta Bhasha|Khotta]], [[Santali language|Santali]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]] and [[Hindi]] languages are also spoken by some minority population throughout the district.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mitra |first=A. |title=West Bengal District Handbook: Malda |publisher=The Government of India Press |year=1954 |location=Calcutta |pages=17}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
Malda has special cultural sorts like [[Gombhira]], [[Alkap]], [[Kavigan]] etc.<br />
<br />
==Festivals==<br />
Almost all of the major religious festivals are celebrated, like<br />
* [[Durga puja]]<br />
* [[Kali Puja]]<br />
* [[Diwali]]<br />
* [[Dussehra]]<br />
* [[Eid al-Fitr]]<br />
* [[Eid al-Adha]]<br />
* [[Muharram]]<br />
* [[Mawlid|Milad un-Nabi]]<br />
* [[Mid-Sha'ban|Shab-e-Barat]]<br />
*Shab-e-Kadar<br />
* [[Guru Nanak Gurpurab|Guru Nanak Jayanti]]<br />
* [[Christmas]]<br />
* [[Ratha-Yatra]]<br />
* [[Maha Shivratri]]<br />
<br />
===Fairs===<br />
Some of the most reputed cultural fairs of the district are<br />
* [[Ramkeli Mela|Ramkeli Fair]], [[Gaur, West Bengal|Gour]]<br />
* [[Aiho]] and Bulbulchandi ' Kali Puja Fair<br />
* Debipur Haribasar 32 Prahar Mela.<br />
* Gobarjanna Kalipujo MelM<br />
* Charak Fair<br />
* Chobbish (24) Prahor at Shingabad and Rishipur<br />
* Dariapur Urush at Dariapur, [[Kaliachak]]<br />
* Gazole Utsab<br />
* Kahala Urush at [[Mothabari, Malda|Mothabari]]<br />
* Kahala Durga Puja Fair .<br />
* Kartik puja Fair<br />
* Moyna Bishohari Mela.<br />
* [[Muslim holidays|Eid Fair]], Pirana Pir Dargah<br />
* [[Muharram|Muharram Fair]], at [[Sattari, Malda|Sattari]]<br />
* [[Maha Shivratri|Maha Shivratri Fair]] or [[Kanwar Yatra|Bhole Bam]] at Amrity<br />
* Christmas Carnival, Englishbazar, Malda<br />
*32 praxhar harinam sankirtan at Debipur (Ratua 1,Malda)<br />
<br />
==Tourist attractions ==<br />
[[File:Gourruins.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Early 19th century [[lithograph]] of the Muslim ruins of [[Dakhil Darwaza]] at [[Gaur, West Bengal|Gour]]]]<br />
* Adina Relics<br />
# [[Adina Mosque]]<br />
# Gol ghar<br />
# [[Eklakhi Mausoleum]] <br />
# Adina deer park<br />
<br />
* Relics of [[Gauḍa (city)|Gour]]<br />
# [[Firoz Minar|Firoz minar]]<br />
# Chika Masjid<br />
# [[Kotwali Gate]]<br />
# 12-gated [[mosque]]<br />
# [[Qadam Rasul Mosque]], [[dargah]] shrine believed to contain the footprint of [[Muhammad|the Prophet]] <br />
<br />
* [[Congregational mosque|Jami Masjid]] <br />
* Aquatic Bengal<br />
* Nimai Sarai [[Light house|Tower]]<br />
* [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua Sharif]]<br />
* Pirana Pir [[Dargah]].<br />
* Sattari [[Congregational mosque|Jame Mosque]]<br />
* Lost [[monastery]] of Jagjivanpur<br />
* Temple of [[Ramakrishna Mission]]<br />
* Temple of Jahura Kali (Local avatar of Goddess Chandi)<br />
* [[Chanchal]] Rajbari<br />
* Debipur Haribasar Radhagobinda Temple (Debipur,Ratua 1,Malda)<br />
* Amrity Shiv Mandir<br />
*Gobarjanna Kali Mandir<br />
[[File:Temple of Johara Kali, Malda.jpg|thumb|Temple of Jahura Kali Bari, Malda]]<br />
[[File:Debipur Haribasar Radhakrishna Mandir .jpg|thumb|Debipur Haribasar Radhakrishna Mandir (Debipur, Ratua1, Malda)]]<br />
<br />
==Education==<br />
Notable educational institutions of the district include:<br />
===Schools===<br />
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a school to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---><br />
* [[Akrumoni Coronation Institution|A. C. Institution]]<br />
* [[Barlow Girls' High School]]<br />
* [[Lalit Mohan Shyam Mohini High School]]<br />
* [[Malda Railway High School]]<br />
* [[Malda Town High School]]<br />
* [[Malda Zilla School]]<br />
* [[Moyna High School]]<br />
* [[Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Vidyamandir]] <br />
* [[Usha Martin School, Malda]]<br />
<br />
===Engineering Colleges===<br />
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a college to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---><br />
* [[Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering & Technology]]<br />
* [[IMPS College of Engineering and Technology]], established - 2003<br />
<br />
===General degree Colleges===<br />
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a college to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---><br />
* [[Chanchal College]]<br />
* [[Gazole Mahavidyalaya]]<br />
* [[Gour Mahavidyalaya]]<br />
* [[Harishchandrapur College]]<br />
* [[Kaliachak College]]<br />
* [[Malda College]]<br />
* [[Malda Women's College]]<br />
* [[Manikchak College]]<br />
* [[Pakuahat Degree College]]<br />
* [[Samsi College]]<br />
* [[South Malda College]]<br />
<br />
===Medical schools===<br />
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a college to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---><br />
* [[Malda Medical College and Hospital]]<br />
<br />
===Polytechnic Colleges===<br />
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a college to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---><br />
* [[Malda Polytechnic]] <br />
* [[Ratua Satyendra Nath Bose Government Polytechnic]]<br />
<br />
===University===<br />
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a university to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---><br />
* [[University of Gour Banga]]<br />
<br />
==Notable people==<br />
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---><br />
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---><br />
* [[Momtazuddin Ahmed (dramatist)|Momtazuddin Ahmed]]<br />
* [[Subhamita Banerjee]]<br />
* [[Abdur Rahim Boxi]]<br />
* [[Sandip Chakrabarti]]<br />
* [[Shibram Chakraborty]]<br />
* [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]]<br />
* [[Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury]]<br />
* [[Krishnendu Narayan Choudhury]]<br />
* [[Raja Ganesha]]<br />
* [[Jiva Goswami]]<br />
* [[Tajmul Hossain]]<br />
* [[Tafazzal Hossain]], politician<br />
* [[Sabitri Mitra]]<br />
* [[Mausam Noor]]<br />
* [[Rubi Noor]]<br />
* [[Uma Roy]]<br />
* [[Krishna Jiban Sanyal]]<br />
* [[Benoy Kumar Sarkar]], Indian social scientist, professor, nationalist<br />
* [[Santi Gopal Sen]]<br />
* [[Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah]]<br />
* [[Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah]]<br />
* [[Sikandar Shah]]<br />
* [[Bidhushekhar Shastri]]<br />
* [[Tapan Sikdar]]<br />
* [[Sabina Yeasmin]]<br />
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---><br />
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
* [[History of Bengal]]<br />
* [[Gauḍa (city)|Gour]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Malda district}}<br />
* {{official website|http://www.malda.gov.in}}<br />
<br />
{{Geographic location<br />
|Centre = Malda district<br />
|North = [[North Dinajpur district]]<br />
|Northeast = [[South Dinajpur district]]<br />
|East = ''[[Bangladesh]]''<br />
|Southeast = <br />
|South = [[Murshidabad district]]<br />
|Southwest = <br />
|West = [[Sahebganj district]], [[Jharkhand]]<br />
|Northwest = [[Katihar district]], [[Bihar]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Malda District}}<br />
{{Malda topics}}<br />
{{Districts of West Bengal}}<br />
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Malda District}}<br />
[[Category:Malda district| ]]<br />
[[Category:Districts of West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Minority concentrated districts in India]]<br />
[[Category:1813 establishments in British India]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intex_Technologies&diff=504632Intex Technologies2026-02-17T18:17:22Z<p>Priyupranav: creating a entry - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian multinational technology company}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox company<br />
| name = Intex Technologies<br />
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]<br />
| logo = Intex Technologies logo.svg<br />
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1996|01}}<br />
| founder = [[Narendra Bansal]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dwivedi|first1=Vinay|title=My Enterprise: How Narendra Bansal grew Intex Tech turnover from Rs 1.18 cr to over Rs 6K cr|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/earn/my-enterprise-how-narendra-bansal-grew-intex-tech-turnover-from-rs-1-18-cr-to-over-rs-6k-cr/articleshow/52807877.cms|publisher=[[The Economic Times]]|date=20 June 2016}}</ref><br />
| key_people = [[Keshav Bansal]]<br> <small>(Director)</small><br />
| num_employees = 10,000+<br />
| area_served = Worldwide<br />
| location = [[New Delhi]], India<br />
| industry = {{Bulleted_list|<br />
[[Technology]]|[[Telecommunications]]|[[Consumer electronics]]|[[Smartphone]]s|[[Electronics industry|Electronics]]}}<br />
| products = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[Desktop computer]]s<br />
*[[Mobile phone]]s<br />
*[[Mobile phone accessories]]<br />
*[[Washing machine]]<br />
*[[Air conditioner]]<br />
*[[Coolers]]<br />
*[[LED]] <br />
*[[Television]]s <br />
*[[Audio equipment]] <br />
*[[Uninterruptible power supply|UPS]]<br />
*[[Consumer durables]]<br />
*[[Webcams]]<br />
*[[Security camera]]s <br />
*[[Refrigerators]]}}<br />
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|6200|c}}<ref>{{cite news|title= Intex Technologies expects 50% of revenue from consumer durables by 2017-end|url= http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-06-14/news/73767889_1_intex-technologies-durables-mobile-phones|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160822223813/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-06-14/news/73767889_1_intex-technologies-durables-mobile-phones|url-status= dead|archive-date= 22 August 2016}}</ref><br />
| services = [[Electronics manufacturing services]]<br />
| website = {{url|www.intex.in}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Intex Technologies''' is an Indian [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[technology company]] based in [[New Delhi]], [[India]] that manufactures [[smartphone]]s, [[consumer electronics]], and other accessories. It also provides consumer electronic products such as [[MP3 player]]s, [[DVD player]]s and [[Loudspeaker|speakers]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Datta|first1=Aveek|title=As competition heats up, Intex's Bansals make some clever calls|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/work-in-progress/as-competition-heats-up-intexs-bansals-make-some-clever-calls/44311/1|work=[[Forbes India]]|date=20 September 2016}}</ref> It was founded in 1996 and is headquartered in [[New Delhi]], India.<ref>{{cite news|title=Intex Phones |url= http://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/intex-phones |work=[[NDTV]] Convergence Ltd}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Company Overview of IntexTechnologies (India) Ltd|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=39599696|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314061902/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=39599696|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 March 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
The company was established in 1996 at [[New Delhi]] by [[Narendra Bansal]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/hardware/how-narendra-bansal-made-intex-indias-third-largest-selling-mobile-phone/articleshow/50883186.cms|title=How Narendra Bansal made Intex India's third-largest selling mobile phone|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2017-05-22}}</ref> Currently,{{When|date=July 2025}} [[Keshav Bansal]], son of [[Narendra Bansal]], is the active director of the company.<br />
<br />
In 2012, from an IT product company, Intex Technologies expanded its consumer durables portfolio with the entry in [[LED TV]]s business. The [https://www.intex.in/collections/led-tv LED TVs] business has seen a growth of over 150% and the company has a 6% share in LED TVs and 3% share in washing machines nationally.<ref>{{cite news|title=Intex Technologies targets 25% revenue share in consumer durables|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/intex-technologies-targets-25-revenue-share-in-consumer-durables/article9804701.ece|publisher=[[The Hindu Business Line]]|date=6 August 2017|location=[[Kochi]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kumar|first1=Krishna|title=Intex consumer durable division to double turnover to Rs 2000 crore|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/durables/intex-consumer-durable-division-to-double-turnover-to-rs-2000-crore/articleshow/59917071.cms|publisher=[[The Economic Times]]|date=4 August 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
== IPL Team ==<br />
The company also owned an [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] franchise called [[Gujarat Lions]] in 2016 and 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://gadgets.ndtv.com/others/news/intex-wins-ownership-rights-for-new-indian-premier-league-team-775257|title=Intex Wins Ownership Rights for New Indian Premier League Team|work=[[NDTV]]|access-date=2017-05-22|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Venkatesh|first1=Shruti|title=Intex's Bansal keen to acquire IPL franchise|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/intexs-bansal-keen-to-acquire-ipl-franchise/47333/1|work=[[Forbes India]]|date=22 June 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist|3}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Consumer electronics brands]]<br />
[[Category:Electronics companies of India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian brands]]<br />
[[Category:MeeGo]]<br />
[[Category:Mobile phone companies of India]]<br />
[[Category:Mobile phone manufacturers]]<br />
[[Category:manufacturing companies based in Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1996]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Premier League franchise owners]]<br />
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in India]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{url|www.intex.in|Official site}}<br />
<br />
{{Electronics industry in India}}<br />
{{portal |Companies|India}}</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karan_Wahi&diff=452432Karan Wahi2026-02-14T07:05:37Z<p>Priyupranav: Revised and enhanced article content</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actor (born 1986)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Karan Wahi<br />
| image = Karan Wahi at the Zee Gold Awards 2017 (cropped).jpg<br />
| alt = Karan Wahi<br />
| caption = Wahi in 2017<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|6|9}}<ref name="birthday"/><br />
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|model|anchor}}<br />
| years_active = 2004–present<br />
| height = <br />
| parents = <br />
| alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Karan Wahi''' (born 9 June 1986) is an Indian actor, model and television host. He rose to fame after getting cast in the lead role of Ranveer Sisodia in the show ''[[Remix (TV series)|Remix]]''.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 April 2009 |title=A fresh pitch |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130407/jsp/graphiti/16755865.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413024606/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130407/jsp/graphiti/16755865.jsp |archive-date=13 April 2013 |publisher=The Telegraph India}}</ref> and Dr. Siddhant Modi in the medical youth show ''[[Dill Mill Gayye]]'' (2009–10). He has also appeared in several notable shows.<br />
<br />
Wahi ventured into reality with participated in ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 5|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 5]]'', ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 8]]'' and ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi – Made in India]]''. In addition to acting, he hosted ''[[Nach Baliye]]'', ''[[Indian Idol]]'' and ''[[India's Next Superstars]]'' and showcased his comic side in [[Colors TV]]'s comedy show ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-naagin-fame-adaa-khan-to-host-comedy-nights-bachao-with-karan-wahi-5312466-PHO.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509103129/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-naagin-fame-adaa-khan-to-host-comedy-nights-bachao-with-karan-wahi-5312466-PHO.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 May 2016|title=Karan Wahi in Comedy Nights Bachao |work= Daily Bhaskar|access-date=16 September 2016}}</ref> He made his [[Bollywood]] debut with a supporting role in [[Habib Faisal]]'s romantic comedy film ''[[Daawat-e-Ishq]]'' (2014) and later in ''[[Hate Story 4]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/hate-story-4-based-on-a-true-story/articleshow/61554297.cms|title=Hate Story 4 based on a true story|website=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life ==<br />
Wahi was born on 9 June 1986 in [[Delhi]] to a [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] father and a [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]] mother.<ref name="birthday">{{cite web|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-BOW-karan-wahi-birthday-5017532-PHO.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105044911/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-BOW-karan-wahi-birthday-5017532-PHO.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 January 2016|title=These bromancing pictures of Karan Wahi will make you gush|work=Daily Bhaskar|access-date=2 November 2015|date=9 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/From-Barun-Sobti-to-Jay-Bhanushali-Nine-TV-heartthrobs-to-debut-in-Bollywood/articleshow/36664565.cms|title=From Barun Sobti to Jay Bhanushali: Nine TV heartthrobs to debut in Bollywood|work=The Times of India|date=17 June 2014 |access-date=5 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=9 June 2016 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/5-things-you-must-know-about-birthday-boy-karan-wahi-lifetv-13225-2016-06-09 |title=Happy Birthday: 5 things you must know about birthday boy Karan Wahi | work=[[India Today]] |access-date= 22 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=742584532163907584|user=karan009wahi|title=Thanku fr t article... just tat i wasnt born in a sikh family..bhai mere dad nrmal punjabi hai and mom kashmiri hai|date=14 June 2016 |access-date=30 November 2020}}</ref> He did his schooling from [[St. Mark's Senior Secondary Public School]] and completed his higher education at the [[IILM Institute for Higher Education|IILM Institute]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021001/ncr3.htm|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – NCR stories|publisher=The Tribune India|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref> In 2003, Wahi made it to the top 20 for selection to play for the [[Delhi]] Under-19 cricket team.{{cn|date=February 2026}}<br />
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==Career==<br />
===Early roles and breakthrough (2004–2013)===<br />
Wahi started his acting career with the 2004 "Rose Audio Visuals" television series ''[[Remix (TV series)|Remix]]'', where he portrayed the lead role of Ranveer Sisodia, the angry lover boy character, opposite [[Shweta Gulati]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-karan-to-play-lead-in-balaji-show-1045750|title=Karan to play lead in Balaji show?|date=6 August 2006|work=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Karan-Wahis-overnight-popularity/articleshow/8295623.cms|title=Karan Wahi's overnight popularity|work=The Times of India|date=14 May 2011 |access-date=5 November 2015}}</ref> The story of the show was based on the lives of 12th-grade students in an elite school for the kids of the rich and the famous, and scholarship students from poorer families.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://starone.indya.com/serials/remix/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050207164152/http://starone.indya.com/serials/remix/index.html|title=indya.com – STAR – STAR One – Remix|archive-date=7 February 2005|publisher=Indya|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref> His performance in the show won him the [[Indian Telly Awards|Indian Telly Award for GR8 Best Male Newcomer]].<ref name=abc>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/nov/07telly.htm|title=Star One sweeps Telly awards|publisher=Rediff|access-date=5 November 2015}}</ref> In March 2008, Wahi was a contestant in the celebrity talent hunt show ''[[Mr. & Ms. TV]]'' judged by filmmaker [[Madhur Bhandarkar]] and actress [[Sonali Bendre]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/coming-soon-mr-ms-tv-on-sony/story-Kc9iLFVyVef96uXJx8xKVN.html|title=Coming soon: Mr & Ms TV on Sony|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=3 November 2015|date=19 March 2008}}</ref><br />
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After a break from fiction shows, Wahi made a comeback in the 2009 [[Colors TV]]'s soap opera ''[[Mere Ghar Aayi Ek Nanhi Pari]]'' as the male lead opposite [[Mugdha Chaphekar]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Karan-Wahis-action/articleshow/4435038.cms|title=Karan Wahi's action!|work=The Times of India|date=23 April 2009 |access-date=5 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/karan-wahi-to-return-as-an-anchor_1554193.html|title=Karan Wahi to return as an anchor|work=Zee News|access-date=3 November 2015|date=28 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k9/mar/mar48.php|title=Indian Television Dot Com – Colors to launch 'Nanhi Pari' in prime time on 9 March|date=5 March 2009|work=Indian Television|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090424/jsp/entertainment/story_10865877.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427211031/http://telegraphindia.com/1090424/jsp/entertainment/story_10865877.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 April 2009|title=Boy's back!|publisher=The Telegraph India|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref> By the following year, he starred played Dr. Siddhant Modi in [[Cinevistaas Limited]] productions' [[medical drama]] series ''[[Dill Mill Gayye]]'' opposite [[Jennifer Winget]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/I-love-being-famous-Karan-Wahi/articleshow/11461197.cms|title=I love being famous: Karan Wahi|work=The Times of India|date=12 January 2012 |access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/karan-wahi-s-jhalak-dikkhla-jaa-5-innings-end_119172.html|title=Karan Wahi's 'Jhalak Dikkhla Jaa 5' innings end|work=Zee News|access-date=3 November 2015|date=16 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/26545/content/218410/F|title=TV TALK|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><br />
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Wahi was also seen playing the supporting role of a fun-loving guy, Rohan in mid-December 2011 on [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony Entertainment Television]]'s romance-drama series ''[[Kuch Toh Log Kahenge]]''. The show was the Indian adaption of the Pakistani television drama series ''[[Dhoop Kinare]]''. In September 2011, he appeared in the travel reality show ''Ritz Jee Le Ye Pal'', which he won.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/Gaurav-Khanna-Anupriya-Kapoor-and-Karan-Wahi-are-the-finalists-of-Jee-Le-Zindagi-/articleshow/9407404.cms|title=Gaurav Khanna, Anupriya Kapoor and Karan Wahi are the finalists of Jee Le Zindagi.|work=The Times of India|date=29 July 2011 |access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibn7.com/entertainment/tv/item/68-victory-to-karan-wahi|title=Victory to Karan Wahi|publisher=IBN7|access-date=5 November 2015|archive-date=21 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121001727/http://www.ibn7.com/entertainment/tv/item/68-victory-to-karan-wahi|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Adventure Unplugged |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/adventure-unplugged/ |access-date=6 November 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=13 September 2011 |language=en}}</ref> In July 2012, he was one of the hosts of the red carpet segment for the ''[[Zee Gold Awards|5th Zee Gold Awards]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/The-5th-Gold-Awards-has-not-one-but-five-hosts/articleshow/14862462.cms|title=The 5th Gold Awards has not one but five hosts|work=The Times of India|date=13 July 2012 |access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/five-celebrities-to-host-5th-gold-awards/story-eUSruUDYDpB1NDKuQrtPYJ.html|title=Five celebrities to host 5th Gold Awards|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2 November 2015|date=14 July 2012}}</ref> He was cast alongside [[Kritika Kamra]] and [[Mohnish Behl]] in [[Kuch Toh Log Kahenge]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Karan-Wahi-to-play-a-doctor-again/movie-review/14604123.cms|title=Karan Wahi to play a doctor again! Movie Review|work=The Times of India|date=2 July 2012 |access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111215/ttlife1.htm|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – The Tribune Lifestyle|publisher=The Tribune India|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/tv-actor-karan-wahi-set-for-big-screen-debut_150042.html|title=TV actor Karan Wahi set for big screen debut|work=Zee News|access-date=3 November 2015|date=31 January 2014}}</ref> In 2012, Wahi was paired with [[Chhavi Pandey]] to play the lead in Shontara Productions' [[anthology series]] ''[[Teri Meri Love Stories]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/TV-actors-Karan-Wahi-and-Jennifer-Winget-are-doing-a-television-show-called-Teri-Meri-Love-Stories-that-will-air-on-Star-Plus-/articleshow/14598056.cms|title=Karan-Wahi:TV actors Karan Wahi and Jennifer Winget are doing a television show called Teri Meri Love Stories that will air on Star Plus|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 July 2012 |access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Its-still-raining-romance-in-prime-time-soaps/articleshow/38976910.cms|title=It's still raining romance in prime time soaps|work=The Times of India|date=25 July 2014 |access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref><br />
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Wahi entered as a wild card in the fifth season of BBC Productions' celebrity dance reality show ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 5|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'', but was eliminated next month.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Desai |first1=Purva |date=15 July 2012 |title=Isha Sharvani is so cute: Karan Wahi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Isha-Sharvani-is-so-cute-Karan-Wahi/articleshow/14947197.cms|work=The Times of India |access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhopatkar |first1=Tejashree |date=15 September 2012 |title=Karan Wahi out of Jhalak this week! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Karan-Wahi-out-of-Jhalak-this-week/articleshow/16407635.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Karan Wahi's 'Jhalak Dikkhla Jaa' innings end |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/karan-wahi-s--jhalak-dikkhla-jaa--innings-end-181700 |work=Mid-day |agency=IANS |date=17 September 2012 |access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref> He was the co-host of two seasons of the dance reality show ''[[Nach Baliye]]'' along with [[Gautam Rode]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Kshama |date=21 November 2013 |title=Karan Wahi gets anchored! |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-karan-wahi-gets-anchored-1824053 |work=DNA India |access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Unnikrishnan |first1=Chaya |date=25 June 2014 |title=It's a man's world! |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-it-s-a-man-s-world-1997584 |work=DNA India |access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Maheshwari |first1=Neha |date=28 November 2012 |title=Karan Wahi to host Nach Baliye? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Karan-Wahi-to-host-Nach-Baliye/articleshow/17400608.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref> He also hosted the additional series of the same show, ''Sriman vs Srimati'' along with [[Aishwarya Sakhuja]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Maheshwari |first1=Neha |date=26 March 2013 |title=Aishwarya Sakhuja to co-host Sriman vs Srimati with Karan Wahit |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Aishwarya-Sakhuja-to-co-host-Sriman-vs-Srimati-with-Karan-Wahi/articleshow/19215182.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Shriman vs Shrimati' ends in a tie |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/-shriman-vs-shrimati-ends-in-a-tie_132676.html |work=Zee News |date=22 April 2013 |access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref><br />
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=== Work as host and web expansion (2014–present) ===<br />
[[File:Karan Wahi and Mandira Bedi.jpg|thumb|upright|Wahi and Mandira Bedi at a press conference for ''Indian Idol Junior'']]<br />
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Wahi signed his first movie with [[Habib Faisal]]'s romantic comedy film ''[[Daawat-e-Ishq]]'' in 2014. He was seen in a supporting role of a [[Hyderabad]]i boy, Amjad alongside [[Parineeti Chopra]] and [[Aditya Roy Kapur]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Karan-Wahi-to-make-his-Bollywood-debut-with-Parineeti-Chopra/articleshow/25988162.cms|title=Karan Wahi to make his Bollywood debut with Parineeti Chopra|work=The Times of India|date=18 November 2013 |access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/karan-wahi-to-make-big-screen-debut-with-daawat-e-ishq/15018018|title=Karan Wahi to make big screen debut with 'Daawat-E-Ishq'|date=13 January 2014|work=Mid Day|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/bollywood/Karan-Wahi-in-YRFs-next-Daawat-E-Ishq/videoshow/24254846.cms|title=Karan Wahi in YRF's next 'Daawat-E-Ishq'|work=The Times of India|access-date=5 November 2015}}</ref><br />
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Wahi also signed to play the male lead opposite [[Rhea Chakraborty]] in the 2014 romantic drama film ''Babbu Ki Jawani'', produced by Amritpal Singh Bindra, under the UTV Spotboy productions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140929/entertainment-bollywood/article/ranbirkapoor-do-cameo-babbu-ki-jawani|title=RanbirKapoor to do a cameo in 'Babbu ki Jawani'|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2 November 2015|date=29 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/television-actor-karan-wahi-set-for-big-screen-debut/15062012|title=Television actor Karan Wahi set for big screen debut|date=3 February 2014|work=Mid Day|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref> In September 2015, Wahi was seen as a comedian contestant alongside [[Bharti Singh]] in [[Colors TV]]'s comedy show ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-comedy-nights-bachao-haan-please-bachao-2122816|title=Comedy Nights Bachao…haan, please bachao!|date=8 September 2015|work=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=6 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/If-I-am-sucking-up-to-filmmakers-where-are-the-films/articleshow/48956990.cms|title=If I am sucking up to filmmakers, where are the films?|work=The Times of India|date=15 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref> In 2016, Wahi played the lead character in [[&TV]]'s ''[[Kahani Hamari...Dil Dosti Deewanepan Ki]]''.<br />
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Wahi has been the host of various red carpet events and awards shows including the [[Indian Telly Awards]] and [[Producers Guild Film Awards|Star Guild Awards]].<br />
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Along with [[Mandira Bedi]], he was next seen co-hosting the singing reality show ''[[Indian Idol Junior]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Karan-Wahi-Mandira-reliving-their-childhood/articleshow/20714302.cms|title=Karan Wahi & Mandira reliving their childhood|work=The Times of India|date=22 June 2013 |access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/mandira-bedi-karan-wahi-to-co-host-indian-idol-junior_130561.html|title=Mandira Bedi, Karan Wahi to co-host 'Indian Idol Junior'|work=Zee News|access-date=3 November 2015|date=23 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/mandira-karan-wahi-to-co-host-indian-idol-junior-598552.html|title=Mandira, Karan Wahi to co-host 'Indian Idol Junior'|work=IBNLive|access-date=5 November 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071630/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/mandira-karan-wahi-to-co-host-indian-idol-junior-598552.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2015, he replaced [[Jay Bhanushali]] for the second season as the host of ''[[Dance India Dance Super Moms]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Karan-Wahi-to-host-Dance-India-Dance-Super-Moms/articleshow/46457165.cms|title=Karan Wahi to host Dance India Dance Super Moms|work=The Times of India|date=9 April 2015 |access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/did-super-moms-finale-varun-dhawan-shraddha-kapoor-sushant-singh-rajput-to-dance-away/|title='DID Super Moms' finale: Varun Dhawan, Shraddha Kapoor, Sushant Singh Rajput to dance away|date=12 June 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/it-s-hard-to-make-it-big-on-tv-now-karan-wahi/story-uyzoRpBMe2IQFdArzsNWYP.html|title=It's hard to make it big on TV now: Karan Wahi|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=5 November 2015|date=18 April 2015}}</ref><br />
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Wahi was seen in two episodes of Colors Television's popular comedy talk show ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/kapil-sharmas-bua-to-get-married-to-golden-bhai-in-comedy-nights-with-kapil-538604|title=Kapil Sharma's Bua to Get Married to Golden Bhai in 'Comedy Nights with Kapil'|date=13 February 2014|work=International Business Times, India Edition|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Comedy-Nights-With-Kapil-Rahul-Mahajan-to-play-mausi-at-buas-wedding/articleshow/30280439.cms|title=Comedy Nights With Kapil: Rahul Mahajan to play mausi at bua's wedding|work=The Times of India|date=13 February 2014 |access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Comedy-Nights-With-Kapil-celebrates-Independence-Day-with-much-jamboree/articleshow/40309358.cms|title=Comedy Nights With Kapil celebrates Independence Day with much jamboree!|work=The Times of India|date=15 August 2014 |access-date=5 November 2015}}</ref> He was also a part of the winning team of the first season of the reality show ''Box Cricket League''. In March 2015, he participated in the reality game show ''[[India Poochega Sabse Shaana Kaun?]]'', hosted by actor [[Shah Rukh Khan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Shah-Rukh-Khan-puts-Karan-Wahi-and-Rithvik-to-test/articleshow/46686962.cms|title=Shah Rukh Khan puts Karan Wahi and Rithvik to test!|work=The Times of India|date=25 March 2015 |access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Karan-Wahi-and-Rithvik-forced-to-watch-Saas-Bahu-shows/movie-review/46687348.cms|title=Karan Wahi and Rithvik forced to watch Saas Bahu shows! Movie Review|work=The Times of India|date=25 March 2015 |access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref> He also participated ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi]]'' in 2017. He ended up at 8th place.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Uniyal|first=Parmita|date=11 September 2017|title=Khatron Ke Khiladi: The real reason why Karan Wahi got eliminated despite being a strong contender|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/khatron-ke-khiladi-the-real-reason-why-karan-wahi-got-eliminated-despite-being-a-strong-contender-lifetv-1042489-2017-09-11|access-date=13 November 2022|work=[[India Today]]|language=en}}</ref> In August 2020, he participated 2nd time in [[Colors TV]]'s stunt-based reality show ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi – Made in India|Khatron Ke Khiladi - Made In India]]'' where he finished at 1st runner-up.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=31 August 202p|title=Khatron Ke Khiladi: Made In India: Nia Sharma WINS, Jasmin Bhasin & Karan Wahi Runner-Ups|url=https://www.koimoi.com/television/khatron-ke-khiladi-made-in-india-nia-sharma-wins-jasmin-bhasin-karan-wahi-runner-ups/|access-date=13 November 2022|work=Koimoi|language=en}}</ref><br />
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After a gap of 6 years, Wahi made a comeback to television, in July 2022 with [[Star Bharat]]'s show ''[[Channa Mereya (TV series)|Channa Mereya]]'' as Aditya Raj Singh, opposite [[Niyati Fatnani]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=10 July 2022|title=After 6-yr hiatus, Karan Wahi back on TV in 'Channa Mereya'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/after-6-yr-hiatus-karan-wahi-back-on-tv-in-channa-mereya/articleshow/92783090.cms|access-date=13 November 2022|work=TOI|language=en}}</ref> In the same year, he played Karan Malhotra in the second season of ''[[Never Kiss Your Best Friend season 2|Never Kiss Your Best Friend]]'' opposite [[Anya Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Karan Wahi, Sarah Jane Dias join the cast of Nakuul Mehta & Anya Singh's Never Kiss your Best Friend-Season 2 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/karan-wahi-sarah-jane-dias-join-cast-nakuul-mehta-anya-singh-s-never-kiss-your-best-friend-season-2-1020104 |access-date=16 April 2022 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> A critic of ''[[Gulf News]]'' noted, "Karan is steadfast in his histrionics as a brilliant actor insecure in love."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Never Kiss Your Best Friend 2 Review: A typical millennial love story |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/tv/never-kiss-your-best-friend-season-2-review-a-typical-millennial-love-story-1.87558646 |access-date=17 November 2022 |website=Gulf News |date=2 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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From 2023 to 2024, he appeared as Jogi opposite [[Maanvi Gagroo]], in the series ''Half Love Half Arranged''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Trailer of Karan Wahi, Maanvi Gagroo-starrer 'Half Love Half Arranged' season 2 out, Rithvikk Dhanjani joins the cast|url=https://theprint.in/feature/trailer-of-karan-wahi-maanvi-gagroo-starrer-half-love-half-arranged-season-2-out-rithvikk-dhanjani-joins-the-cast/2351080/?amp|access-date=12 November 2024|work=The Print|language=en}}</ref> Reviewing the second season, Bhawna Arya stated, "Karan as Jogi, brings a unique vibe to his role; however, the writing holds his character back."<ref>{{Cite news|title=Half Love Half Arranged S2 Review: Maanvi Gagroo, Karan Wahi and Rithvik Dhanjani shine in relatable yet tangled love saga|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/half-love-half-arranged-s2-review-maanvi-gagroo-karan-wahi-and-rithvik-dhanjani-shine-in-relatable-yet-tangled-love-saga-review-115308161/amp|access-date=15 November 2024|work=Times Now|language=en}}</ref><br />
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==Other work and media image==<br />
[[File:Karan Wahi 02.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Wahi at All Stars Football charity match]]<br />
In addition to acting, Wahi has also supported various charitable organisations. In 2012, he joined the All Stars Football Club, a celebrity football club that raises fund for India's largest non-profit organisations.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Abhishek-Ranbir-to-form-the-All-Stars-Football-Club/articleshow/12607108.cms|title=Abhishek- Ranbir to form the All Stars Football Club|work=The Times of India|date=10 April 2012 |access-date=6 November 2015}}</ref> He has also participated in the Gold Charity Soccer matches to raise funds for supporting the junior artists of the industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/tv-stars-to-play-soccer-to-raise-funds_113428.html|title=TV stars to play soccer to raise funds|work=Zee News|access-date=3 November 2015|date=15 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/football-for-a-cause/story-4FiQxK1P666g3210gXMdcK.html|title=Football for a cause|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=5 November 2015|date=14 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/TV-stars-to-play-soccer-to-raise-funds-news-National-mgorOgbgccdsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121041449/http://www.sify.com/movies/TV-stars-to-play-soccer-to-raise-funds-news-National-mgorOgbgccdsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 January 2016|title=TV stars to play soccer to raise funds|work=Sify|access-date=5 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/and-more/tv-actors-to-play-gold-charity-cricket-match-friday_133488.html|title=TV actors to play Gold Charity Cricket Match Friday|work=Zee News|access-date=3 November 2015|date=2 May 2013}}</ref> In August 2014, he took part in the [[Ice Bucket Challenge]] to spread awareness for [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] (ALS).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/ice-bucket-challenge-hits-b-town-celebs-get-chills_160547.html|title=Ice bucket challenge hits B-Town, celebs get chills|work=Zee News|access-date=3 November 2015|date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/news/ice-bucket-challenge-hits-b-town-celebs-get-chills-news-others-oiwsvFcjjajfc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120233250/http://www.sify.com/news/ice-bucket-challenge-hits-b-town-celebs-get-chills-news-others-oiwsvFcjjajfc.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 January 2016|title=Ice bucket challenge hits B-Town, celebs get chills|work=Sify|access-date=5 November 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Wahi began his career as a cricketer, representing [[St. Mark's Senior Secondary Public School]] during his school days. In 2003, he was selected for the Under-19 cricket team for Delhi alongside [[Virat Kohli]] and [[Shikhar Dhawan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-youngworld/a-hero-in-the-making/article3227186.ece|title=A hero in the making|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=5 November 2015|date=31 March 2006}}</ref> Owing to a major injury, Wahi had to leave the sport and enrolled in a marketing course to join his father's business.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Virat-Kohli-and-Karan-Wahis-special-friendship/photostory/46985453.cms|title=Virat Kohli and Karan Wahi's special friendship|work=The Times of India|date=20 April 2015|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2013, Wahi featured at number 46 in the UK newspaper ''[[Eastern Eye]]'''s "Sexiest Asian Man on the Planet" list.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131211/entertainment-bollywood/article/ali-zafar-beats-hrithik-roshan-sexiest-asian-man-planet-title|title=Ali Zafar beats Hrithik Roshan to 'Sexiest Asian Man On The Planet' title|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2 November 2015|date=12 December 2013}}</ref> He was also ranked 9th in ''[[The Times of India|Times of India]]''{{'}}s Top 20 Most Desirable Men on Indian Television 2018,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/meet-televisions-most-desirable-dudes/articleshow/69268331.cms|title=Top 20 Most Desirable Men on Indian Television 2018|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 May 2019 |access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref> 13th in 2019,<ref>{{Cite news|title=THE TIMES 20 MOST DESIRABLE MEN ON TELEVISION 2019 - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/the-times-20-most-desirable-men-on-television-2019/articleshow/77917069.cms|access-date=5 August 2021|website=The Times of India|date=4 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> and 15th in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Meet The Times 20 Most Desirable Men on Television 2020 - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/meet-the-times-20-most-desirable-men-on-television-2020/articleshow/83403113.cms|access-date=5 August 2021|website=The Times of India|date=11 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
===Films===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2014 <br />
| ''[[Daawat-e-Ishq]]'' <br />
| Amjad Baig<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Karan Wahi to make his Bollywood debut with Parineeti Chopra - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/karan-wahi-to-make-his-bollywood-debut-with-parineeti-chopra/articleshow/25988162.cms|access-date=13 October 2021|website=The Times of India|date=18 November 2013 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|''Have You Met You''<br />
|Karan<br />
|Short film<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 April 2017|title=Karan Wahi turns director with short film Have You Met You?|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/karan-wahi-turns-director-with-short-film-have-you-met-you/story-eEM71dZU2qSg03M4Jfj46I.html|access-date=13 October 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2018 <br />
| ''[[Hate Story 4]]''<br />
| Rajveer Khurana <br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news|first=Kunal|last=Guha|date=9 March 2018|title=Hate Story 4 movie review: Urvashi Rautela, Karan Wahi and Vivan Bhatena's film is a story of systematic vengeance|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-review/hate-story-4-movie-review-urvashi-rautela-karan-wahi-and-vivaan-bhatenas-film-is-a-story-of-systematic-vengeance/articleshow/63235666.cms|access-date=13 October 2021|work=Mumbai Mirror|language=en|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027181300/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-review/hate-story-4-movie-review-urvashi-rautela-karan-wahi-and-vivaan-bhatenas-film-is-a-story-of-systematic-vengeance/articleshow/63235666.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
| ''[[Aap Jaisa Koi (film)|Aap Jaisa Koi]]''<br />
| Namit Malhotra <br />
| [[Netflix]] film <br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
!Notes<br />
! Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2004–2006<br />
| ''[[Remix (TV series)|Remix]]''<br />
| Ranveer Sisodia<br />
|<br />
| <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-karan-to-play-lead-in-balaji-show-1045750|title=Karan to play lead in Balaji show?|date=6 August 2006|work=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=5 November 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| ''[[Kasamh Se]]''<br />
| Pradeep<br />
|<br />
| <ref name=":0" /><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2008<br />
| ''[[Mr. & Ms. TV]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" | Contestant<br />
|1st runner-up<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=19 March 2009 |title=Coming soon: Mr & Ms TV on Sony |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/coming-soon-mr-ms-tv-on-sony/story-Kc9iLFVyVef96uXJx8xKVN.html}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kaun Jeetega Bollywood Ka Ticket]]''<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news |last=Baddhan |first=Raj |date=17 May 2008 |title=9X launches 'Kaun Jeetega Bollywood Ka Ticket' |work=BizAsia |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/9x-launches-kaun-jeetega-bollywood-ka-ticket/}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
| ''[[Mere Ghar Aayi Ek Nanhi Pari]]''<br />
| Rajveer<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2009/karan-wahi-rajveer-240409.html|title=Karan enters Mere Ghar Aayi Ek Nanhi Pari|work=Filmibeat|access-date=2 November 2015|date=24 April 2009}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2009–2010<br />
| ''[[Dill Mill Gayye]]''<br />
| Dr. Siddhant "Sid" Modi<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''[[Shraddha (TV series)|Shraddha]]''<br />
| Rohit Khurana<br />
|<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 2010–2011<br />
| ''[[Baat Hamari Pakki Hai]]''<br />
| Ranbeer<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=10 June 2020 |title=Hate Story 4 actor Karan Wahi and girlfriend Uditi Singh's unseen pics spill romance all over Instagram! |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/hate-story-4-actor-karan-wahi-and-girlfriend-uditi-singhs-unseen-pics-spill-romance-all-over-instagram-2289110.html}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2011<br />
| ''[[Zor Ka Jhatka: Total Wipeout]]''<br />
| rowspan=2 | Contestant<br />
|<br />
| <ref name=ht>{{cite news |title= Small Screen: King Khan's Zor Ka Jhatka for TV viewers|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/King-Khan-s-Zor-Ka-Jhatka-for-TV-viewers/Article1-658668.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207022017/http://www.hindustantimes.com/King-Khan-s-Zor-Ka-Jhatka-for-TV-viewers/Article1-658668.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 February 2011 |newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=4 February 2011 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Jeele Yeh Pal'' <br />
| Winner<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2012<br />
| ''[[Kuch Toh Log Kahenge]]''<br />
| Rohan Solanki<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/No-love-story-Karan-Wahi/articleshow/11448027.cms|title=No love story: Karan Wahi|work=The Times of India|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Teri Meri Love Stories]]''<br />
| Ritesh<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Newcomer-Chhavi-Pandey-in-Teri-Meri-Love-Stories/articleshow/14731550.cms|title=Newcomer Chhavi Pandey in Teri Meri Love Stories!|work=The Times of India|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 5|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 5]]''<br />
| Contestant<br />
|6th place<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Isha-is-cute-Karan-Wahi/articleshow/15585185.cms|title=Isha is cute: Karan Wahi|work=The Times of India|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 5|Nach Baliye 5]]''<br />
| rowspan="3" | Host <br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 December 2012 |title=PIX: Meet the Nach Baliye 5 Contestants |work=Rediff |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-tv-meet-the-nach-baliye-5-contestants/20121218.htm}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2013<br />
| ''[[Indian Idol Junior]]''<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ibn7.com/entertainment/tv/item/29869-mandira-bedi-karan-wahi-to-co-host-indian-idol-junior|title=Mandira Bedi, Karan Wahi to co-host 'Indian Idol Junior'|publisher=IBN7|access-date=5 November 2015|archive-date=21 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121090005/http://www.ibn7.com/entertainment/tv/item/29869-mandira-bedi-karan-wahi-to-co-host-indian-idol-junior|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 6|Nach Baliye 6]]''<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-gautam-rode-and-karan-wahi-to-continue-as-nach-baliye-hosts-1894530|title=Gautam Rode and Karan Wahi to continue as 'Nach Baliye' hosts|date=27 September 2013|work=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2014–2015<br />
|''Box Cricket League 1''<br />
| rowspan="2" |Contestant<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=BCL: Karan Wahi becomes peacemaker |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/BCL-Karan-Wahi-becomes-peacemaker/articleshow/45715251.cms |access-date=5 November 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2015<br />
|''[[Farah Ki Dawat]]''<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 March 2015 |title=Farah Ki Daawat: Sonakshi Sinha dons the apron for Farah Khan's cookery show! |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/farah-ki-daawat-sonakshi-sinha-dons-the-apron-for-farah-khans-cookery-show-304222/ |work=India.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dance India Dance Super Moms]]''<br />
|Host<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/rain-plays-spoilsport-during-did-super-moms-finale-shoot/|title=Rain plays spoilsport during 'DID Super Moms' finale shoot|date=12 June 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2015–2017<br />
| ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]''<br />
| Comedian <br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-comedy-nights-bachao-haan-please-bachao-2122816|title=Comedy Nights Bachao…haan, please bachao!|date=8 September 2015|work=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=5 November 2015}}</ref> <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2016<br />
|''Box Cricket League 2''<br />
| rowspan="2" |Contestant<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=200 Actors, 10 Teams, and 1 Winner... Let The Game Begin |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/200-Actors-10-Teams-and-1-Winner-Let-The-Game-Begin/articleshow/50219718.cms |access-date=4 March 2016 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''Box Cricket League Punjab''<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=BCL Ambersariye Hawks |url=http://bclpunjab.com/Ambersariye-Hawks.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921124845/http://bclpunjab.com/Ambersariye-Hawks.html |archive-date=21 September 2019 |access-date=13 August 2020}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kahani Hamari... Dil Dosti Deewanepan Ki]]''<br />
| Shivin Raichand<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Maheshwari |first1=Neha |title=Karan Wahi in Gul Khan's show |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Karan-Wahi-in-Gul-Khans-show/articleshow/52129659.cms |access-date=6 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=5 May 2016 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Indian Idol|Indian Idol 7]]''<br />
| Host <br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Mansi |date=31 December 2016 |url=http://www.indiantribune.com/entertainment/indian-idol-7-feature-the-talented-singers-in-audition-round-today-full-update-6390.html |title=Indian Idol 7: Feature The Talented Singers In Audition Round Today Full Update |work=Tribune |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231230818/http://www.indiantribune.com/entertainment/indian-idol-7-feature-the-talented-singers-in-audition-round-today-full-update-6390.html |archive-date=31 December 2016 |access-date=13 April 2022}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 8]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" | Contestant <br />
|8th place<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.abplive.in/videos/khatron-ke-khiladi-revealed-karan-wahi-yuvika-chaudhary-prince-narula-may-participate-514158/amp|title=Khatron Ke Khiladi: REVEALED! Karan Wahi, Yuvika Chaudhary, Prince Narula may participate|date=7 April 2017|work=ABP|access-date=6 March 2021|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911091055/https://www.abplive.in/videos/khatron-ke-khiladi-revealed-karan-wahi-yuvika-chaudhary-prince-narula-may-participate-514158/amp|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2018<br />
|''Box Cricket League 3''<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Farzeen |first1=Sana |date=22 February 2018 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Lucknow Nawabs wins MTV Box Cricket League Season 3 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/lucknow-nawabs-wins-mtv-box-cricket-league-season-3-5073624/ |access-date=6 March 2021 |work=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[India's Next Superstars]]''<br />
| rowspan="5" | Host <br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/6-things-we-know-about-upcoming-reality-show-indias-next-superstar-lifetv-1122274-2018-01-04|title=6 things we know about upcoming reality show India's Next Superstars|date=4 January 2018|work=India Today|access-date=6 March 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[India Ke Mast Kalandar]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2019<br />
| ''Kitchen Champion 5''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Voice (Indian season 3)|The Voice]]''<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/karan-wahi-to-step-into-divyanka-tripathi-s-shoes-in-the-voice-1508615-2019-04-23|title=Karan Wahi to step into Divyanka Tripathi's shoes in The Voice|date=23 April 2019|work=India Today|access-date=6 March 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dance India Dance Battle Of The Champions|Dance India Dance 7]]''<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/it-s-an-achievement-karan-wahi-on-working-with-kareena-kapoor-in-dance-india-dance-1587551-2019-08-21|title=It's an achievement: Karan Wahi on working with Kareena Kapoor in Dance India Dance|date=21 August 2019|work=India Today|access-date=6 March 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''Box Cricket League 4''<br />
| rowspan="2" |Contestant<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2020<br />
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi – Made in India]]''<br />
|1st runner-up<br />
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Khatron Ke Khiladi – Made in India: Karan Wahi, Nia Sharma and Jasmin Bhasin are the finalists |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/khatron-ke-khiladi-made-in-india-finalists-karan-nia-jasmin-6567600/ |access-date=25 August 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=24 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ladies vs Gentlemen]]''<br />
| Panelist<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
|''[[Indian Pro Music League]]''<br />
| Host<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
| ''[[Channa Mereya (TV series)|Channa Mereya]]''<br />
| Aditya Raj Singh<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Exclusive! Karan Wahi talks about his return to Channa Mereya: I was not ready to give 30 days a month to TV because I feel I'll burnout. |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/exclusive-karan-wahi-talks-about-his-return-to-channa-mereya-i-was-not-ready-to-give-30-days-a-month-to-tv-because-i-feel-i-ll-burnout-101656150328940.html |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Special appearances====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Name<br />
! Role <br />
! Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| ''[[The Great Indian Laughter Challenge]]''<br />
| rowspan="2"| Ranveer Sisodia<br />
| <ref name=":0" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| ''[[Kyaa Hoga Nimmo Kaa]]''<br />
| <ref name=":0" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]''<br />
| rowspan="13" |Himself<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2015<br />
| ''[[India Poochega Sabse Shaana Kaun?]]''<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/karan-wahi-rithvik-dhanjani-forced-to-watch-saas-bahu-shows/16091162|title=Karan Wahi, Rithvik Dhanjani forced to watch saas-bahu shows!|date=29 March 2015|work=Mid Day|access-date=5 November 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 7|Nach Baliye 7]]''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 8|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 8]]''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Comedy Classes]]''<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=14 February 2018 |title=Karan Wahi: Comedy in India is one-dimensional, making fun of someone is considered funny |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/karan-wahi-comedy-in-india-is-one-dimensional-making-fun-of-someone-is-considered-funny/story-bp3ZxE4Qhvj8Fku7yt2HeO.html}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2016<br />
| ''[[Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani]]''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 10|Bigg Boss 10]]''<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/bharti-singh-karan-wahi-salman-khan-bigg-boss-10-3729687/|title=Bigg Boss 10 October 30th episode preview: Bharti Singh, Karan Wahi grill contestants with Salman Khan|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|date= 31 October 2016 |access-date= 1 November 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
| ''[[Entertainment Ki Raat]]''<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 November 2017 |title=Karan Wahi Joins Ravi Dubey And Aditya Narayan In 'Entertainment Ki Raat' |work=[[Mid-Day]] |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/karan-wahi-joins-ravi-dubey-and-aditya-narayan-in-entertainment-ki-raat/18708171}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 13|Bigg Boss 13]]''<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-13-new-promo-video-salman-khan-takes-us-through-surbhi-jyoti-karan-wahi-s-fight-watch/story-QV3RmdKORZ8mEI9nrIXxRM.html|title=Bigg Boss 13 new promo video: Salman Khan takes us through Surbhi Jyoti-Karan Wahi's fight. Watch|date=1 September 2019|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=6 March 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 10]]''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|2021<br />
| ''[[Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi TV series) season 1|Bigg Boss OTT 1]]''<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dance Deewane|Dance Deewane 3]]''<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|2022<br />
|''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news|last=IANS|date=13 March 2022|title=TV Celebs Celebrate 'Pyaar Wali Holi' On The Sets Of 'Kumkum Bhagya'|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/tv-celebs-celebrate-pyaar-wali-holi-on-the-sets-of-kumkum-bhagya-1519344/|access-date=15 March 2022|work=ABP Live|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Swayamvar – Mika Di Vohti]]''<br />
|Aditya Raj Singh <br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Web series===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Name<br />
! Role<br />
! Notes<br />
! Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| ''[[I Don't Watch TV (web series)|I Don't Watch TV]]''<br />
| Himself<br />
|<br />
| <ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/8T6uORDEdB0 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160213061933/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8T6uORDEdB0 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8T6uORDEdB0| title = I Don't Watch TV. Trailer. #LaughterGames | website=[[YouTube]]| date = 11 February 2016 }}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2018<br />
| ''[[Sacred Games (TV series)|Sacred Games]]''<br />
| Karan Malhotra<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web|last=Sarkar|first=Suparno|date=10 July 2018|title=Is Karan Wahi's character in Sacred Games inspired by Salman Khan?|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/karan-wahis-character-sacred-games-inspired-by-salman-khan-774542|access-date=13 October 2021|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Bar Code''<br />
| Vicky Arora<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Hungama Play's original drama Bar Code spins a tale of towering egos amidst Mumbai's glamorous nightclubs |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/sponsored-entertainment/bar-code-show-hungama-play-episodes-video-5404509/ |access-date=13 September 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=17 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2020<br />
| ''[[Hundred (Indian TV series)|Hundred]]''<br />
| Manohar "Maddy" Dahiya <br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-raftaar-krsna-release-chaukanna-featuring-karan-wahi-inspired-by-hotstar-specials-hundred-2826382|title=Raftaar, Krsna release 'Chaukanna' featuring Karan Wahi; inspired by Hotstar Specials' 'Hundred'|date=30 May 2020|access-date=13 June 2020|archive-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613091655/https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-raftaar-krsna-release-chaukanna-featuring-karan-wahi-inspired-by-hotstar-specials-hundred-2826382|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''Home Dancer''<br />
| Host<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{cite web |date=16 May 2020 |title=Jacqueline Fernandez To Judge New Virtual Dance Show 'Home Dancer', Karan Wahi To Host |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/jacqueline-fernandez-to-judge-new-virtual-dance-show-home-dancer-karan-wahi-to-host-2622525.html |website=News18}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|''[[Never Kiss Your Best Friend season 2|Never Kiss Your Best Friend 2]]''<br />
|Karan Malhotra<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Amanda |date=16 April 2022 |title=Karan Wahi says TV actors overacting is a preconceived notion: 'Some may overact, but...' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/karan-wahi-says-tv-actors-overacting-is-a-preconceived-notion-some-may-overact-but-101650041901606.html |access-date=16 April 2022 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2023–2024<br />
|''Half Love Half Arranged''<br />
|Jogi<br />
|2 seasons <br />
| <ref>{{cite magazine |title=Karan Wahi, Maanvi Gagroo Team Up For 'Half Love, Half Arranged' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/karan-wahi-maanvi-gagroo-team-up-for-half-love-half-arranged--news-323438 |access-date=11 October 2023 |magazine=Outlook |agency=IANS |date=9 October 2023}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2024<br />
| ''[[Raisinghani VS Raisinghani]]''<br />
| Virat Choudhary<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Jennifer Winget, Karan Wahi's 'Raisinghani V/S Raisinghani' First Look Unveiled |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/watch-jennifer-winget-and-karan-wahi-in-raisinghani-vs-raisinghani-on-sony-liv/articleshow/107030886.cms |work=The Times of India |agency=ANI |date=21 January 2024 |access-date=21 January 2024}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
| !scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;"|''Couple Goals 5'' {{dagger|alt=Series that have not yet been released}}<br />
| {{TableTBA}}<br />
|Completed <br />
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hais-shivangi-joshi-to-make-her-ott-debut-with-karan-wahi/articleshow/109871153.cms|title=Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai's Shivangi Joshi to make her OTT debut with Karan Wahi|newspaper=The Times of India |date=6 May 2024 |access-date=24 August 2024}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Music video appearances===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year <br />
! Title <br />
! Singer(s) <br />
! Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2019<br />
| "Akhbaar"<br />
| [[Arko Pravo Mukherjee]]<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Latest Hindi Song 'Akhbaar' Sung By Arko. Hindi Video Songs - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-akhbaar-sung-by-arko/videoshow/70959481.cms|access-date=13 October 2021|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| "Jutti"<br />
| Lil Golu, Seepi Jha<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/karan-wahi-and-zaara-yesmin-collaborate-for-a-music-video/articleshow/70895704.cms|title=Karan Wahi and Zaara Yesmin collaborate for a music video|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 August 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|"Tera Saath Ho"<br />
|Zahrah S Khan, [[Guru Randhawa]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|"Mere Ho Jao"<br />
|[[Rahat Fateh Ali Khan]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bolnews.com/entertainment/2023/08/rahat-fateh-ali-khan-new-song-teaser-out-featuring-kinza-hashmi-and-karan-wahi/|title=Rahat Fateh Ali khan New Song Teaser Out, Featuring Kinza Hashmi and Karan Wahi|website=Bolnews|date=6 August 2023 |access-date= 6 August 2023}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year<br />
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Award<br />
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Category<br />
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Show<br />
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Result<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| [[Indian Telly Awards]]<br />
| GR8! Best Newcomer (Male)<br />
| ''[[Remix (TV series)|Remix]]''<br />
| {{won}}<ref name=abc/><br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
|[[Gold Awards]]<br />
|Most Fit Actor (Male)<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
| {{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/john-abraham--tv-s-hottest-stars-at-2013-gold-awards-imagegallery-bollywood-nhwxgFacfbesi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119201725/http://www.sify.com/movies/john-abraham--tv-s-hottest-stars-at-2013-gold-awards-imagegallery-bollywood-nhwxgFacfbesi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 January 2016|title=John Abraham & TV's hottest stars at 2013 Gold Awards|work=Sify|access-date=5 November 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2014<br />
|[[Indian Telly Awards]]<br />
| Favourite Host<br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Nach Baliye|Nach Baliye 6]]''<br />
| {{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/tellyawards/2014/index/pages/popular|title=Indian Telly Awards 2014 – Popular|publisher=Indian Telly Awards|access-date=5 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626121135/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/tellyawards/2014/index/pages/popular|archive-date=26 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br />
| Best Anchor<br />
| {{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/2014.pdf|title=THE ITA AWARDS 2014|publisher=Indian Television Academy|access-date=5 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914143558/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/2014.pdf|archive-date=14 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2018 || [[Gold Awards]] || Most Fit Actor (Male) || {{N/A}} || {{nom}}<br />
|- <br />
| 2019<br />
||[[Gold Awards]] || Most Fit Actor (Male) || {{N/A}} || {{Won}} <br />
|- <br />
| 2022<br />
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br />
|Best OTT Actor<br />
|''[[Never Kiss Your Best Friend (Season 2)|Never Kiss Your Best Friend 2]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* {{Instagram}}<br />
* {{IMDb name}}<br />
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wahi, Karan}}<br />
[[Category:1986 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Punjabi Hindus]]<br />
[[Category:Kashmiri actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from New Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male models]]<br />
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]<br />
[[Category:Cricketers from Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Contestants on Indian game shows]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lalit_K._Panwar&diff=454612Lalit K. Panwar2026-02-13T13:22:22Z<p>Priyupranav: cleanup lead for consistency based on references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Administrative Service Officer}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{BLP sources|date= October 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Lalit K. Panwar<br />
| image = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|7|11|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Balotra]], Rajasthan<br />
| office = Vice-Chancellor of the Rajasthan ILD Skill University (RISL)<br />
| term_start = 13 July 2017<br />
| office2 = Chairman of the [[Rajasthan Public Service Commission]]<br />
| term_start2 = 11 August 2015 <br />
| term_end2 = 11 July 2017<br />
| office3 = Tourism Secretary, [[Government of India]]<br />
| term_start3 = 29 October 2014<br />
| term_end3 = 31 July 2015<br />
| predecessor3 = [[Parvez Dewan]]<br />
| successor3 = Vinod Zutshi<br />
| spouse =<br />
| occupation = IAS Officer<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dr. Lalit K. Panwar''' is an [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) officer. He is a former chairman of [[Rajasthan Public Service Commission]]<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Panwar-takes-office-as-new-RPSC-chairman/articleshow/48429937.cms Dr. Lalit K. Panwar takes office as new RPSC Chairman]</ref> and former Secretary of [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Ministry of Tourism]]<ref>[http://www.travelnewsdigest.in/?p=20669 Dr. Panwar appointed to tourism secretary]</ref> and Minority Affairs in [[Government of India]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Panwar, Lalit K.}}<br />
[[Category:1955 births]]<br />
[[Category:Ministry of Tourism (India)]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]<br />
<br />
{{India-bio-stub}}<br />
{{Gov-bio-stub}}</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajput_clans&diff=465930Rajput clans2026-02-07T03:46:31Z<p>Priyupranav: improved page for clarity and improved wording</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|List of clans of Rajputs}}<br />
{{pp-semi-indef}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}<br />
<br />
'''Rajput''' (from [[Sanskrit]] ''raja-putra'' 'son of a king') is a large multi-component cluster of castes, kin bodies, and local groups, sharing social status and ideology of genealogical descent originating from the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The term Rajput covers various [[patrilineal]] clans historically associated with [[warrior]]hood: several clans claim Rajput status, although not all claims are universally accepted. According to modern scholars, almost all Rajputs clans originated from peasant or pastoral communities.{{sfn|Eugenia Vanina|2012|p=140|ps =:Regarding the initial stages of this history and the origin of the Rajput feudal elite, modern research shows that its claims to direct blood links with epic heroes and ancient kshatriyas in general has no historic substantiation. No adequate number of the successors of these epically acclaimed warriors could have been available by the period of seventh-eights centuries AD when the first references to the Rajput clans and their chieftains were made. [...] almost all Rajput clans originated from the semi-nomadic pastoralists of the Indian north and north-west.}}<ref name="Lorenzen1995">{{cite book |editor=David N. Lorenzen |editor-link=David N. Lorenzen |author=Daniel Gold |title=Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpSxJg_ehnIC&pg=PA122 |date=1 January 1995 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-0-7914-2025-6 |pages=122 |quote=Paid employment in military service as Dirk H. A. Kolff has recently demonstrated, was an important means of livelihood for the peasants of certain areas of late medieval north India... In earlier centuries, says Kolff, "Rajput" was a more ascriptive term, referring to all kinds of Hindus who lived the life of the adventuring warrior, of whom most were of peasant origins.}}</ref><ref name="Kling1993">{{cite book |author=Doris Marion Kling |title=The Emergence of Jaipur State: Rajput Response to Mughal Rule, 1562–1743 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gGBuAAAAMAAJ |year=1993 |page=30 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania |quote=Rajput: Pastoral, mobile warrior groups who achieved landed status in the medieval period claimed to be Kshatriyas and called themselves Rajputs.}}</ref><ref name="Wink1991">{{cite book |author=André Wink |title=Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest : 11th-13th Centuries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=75FlxDhZWpwC&pg=PA171 |year=1991 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|BRILL]] |isbn=90-04-10236-1 |pages=171 |quote=...and it is very probable that the other fire-born Rajput clans like the Caulukyas, Paramaras, Cahamanas, as well as the Tomaras and others who in the eighth and ninth centuries were subordinate to the Gurjara-Pratiharas, were of similar pastoral origin, that is, that they originally belonged to the mobile, nomadic groups...}}</ref><ref name="Eaton87">{{harvnb|Richard Eaton|2019|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=aIF6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PP87]|p=87|ps=In Gujarat, as in Rajasthan, genealogy proved essential for making such claims. To this end, local bards composed ballads or chronicles that presented their patrons as idea warriors who protected Brahmins, cows and vassals, as opposed to the livestock herding chieftains that they actually were, or had once been. As people, who created and preserved the genealogies, local bards therefore played critical roles in brokering for their clients socio-cultural transitions to a claimed Rajput status. A similar thing was happening in the Thar desert region, where from the fourteenth century onwards mobile pastoral groups gradually evolved into landed, sedentary and agrarian clans. Once again, it was bards and poets, patronized by little kings, who transformed a clan's ancestors from celebrated cattle-herders or cattle-rustlers to celebrated protectors of cattle-herding communities. The difference was subtle but critical, since such revised narratives retained an echo of a pastoral nomadic past while repositioning a clan's dynastic founder from pastoralist to non-pastoralist. The term 'Rajput', in short, had become a prestigious title available for adoption by upwardly mobile clan in the process of becoming sedentary. By one mechanism or another, a process of 'Rajputization' occurred in new states that emerged from the turmoil following Timur's invasion in 1398, especially in Gujarat, Malwa and Rajasthan.}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Lineages==<br />
{{Disputed section|date=January 2022}}<br />
<br />
Genealogies of the Rajput clans were fabricated by [[Pastoralism|pastoral]] [[nomad]]ic tribes when they became sedentary. In a process called [[Rajputization]], after acquiring political power, they employed bards to fabricate these lineages which also disassociated them from their original ancestry of cattle-herding or cattle-rustling communities and acquired the name 'Rajput'.<ref name="Banerjee-Dube-Mayaram-Shail2010">{{cite book|editor=Ishita Banerjee-Dube|author=Mayaram, Shail|title=Caste in History|chapter=The Sudra Right to Rule|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6n7OQwAACAAJ|year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-806678-1|page=110|quote=In their recent work on female infanticide, Bhatnagar, Dube and Bube(2005) distinguish between Rajputization and Sanksritization. Using M.N.Srinivas' and Milton Singer's approach to social mobility as idioms they identify Rajputization as one of the most dynamic modes of upward mobility. As an idiom of political power it 'signifies a highly mobile social process of claiming military-political power and the right to cultivate land as well as the right to rule. Rajputization is unparalleled in traditional Indian society for its inventiveness in ideologies of legitimation and self-invention. This was a claim that was used by persons of all castes all over north India ranging from peasants and lower-caste Sudras to warriors and tribal chiefs and even the local raja who had recently converted to Islam.}}</ref><ref name="AndreWink2002">{{cite book |author=André Wink |title=Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7th-11th Centuries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC&pg=PA282 |year=2002 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=0-391-04173-8 |pages=282 |quote=In short, a process of development occurred which after several centuries culminated in the formation of new groups with the identity of 'Rajputs'. The predecessors of the Rajputs, from about the eighth century, rose to politico-military prominence as an open status group or estate of largely illiterate warriors who wished to consider themselves as the reincarnates of the ancient Indian Kshatriyas. The claim of Kshatriyas was, of course, historically completely unfounded. The Rajputs as well as other autochthonous Indian gentry groups who claimed Kshatriya status by way of putative Rajput descent, differed widely from the classical varna of Kshatriyas which, as depicted in literature, was made of aristocratic, urbanite and educated clans...}}</ref><ref name="Metcalf1990">{{cite book|author=Thomas R. Metcalf|title=Modern India: An Interpretive Anthology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSNuAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|page=90|publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn=9788120709003|quote=Since then every known royal family has come from a non - Kshatriya caste, including the famous Rajput dynasties of medieval India. Panikkar also points out that “ the Shudras seem to have produced an unusually large number of royal families even in more recent times"}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=47, I |year=1986 |pages=536–542 |publisher=[[Indian History Congress]] |title=Emergence of Kingship, Rajputization and a New Economic Arrangement in Mundaland |first=Sivaji |last=Koyal |jstor=44141600}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Ishita Banerjee-Dube|title=Caste in History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6n7OQwAACAAJ|year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-806678-1|page=xxiii|quote=Rajputization discussed processes through which 'equalitarian, primitive, clan based tribal organization' adjusted itself to the centralized hierarchic, territorial oriented political developments in the course of state formation. This led a 'narrow lineage of single families' to disassociate itself from the main body of their tribe and claim Rajput origin. They not only adopted symbols and practices supposedly representative of the true Kshatriya, but also constructed genealogies that linked them to the primordial and legendary solar and lunar dynasties of kings. Further, it was pointed out that the caste of genealogists and mythographers variously known as Carans, Bhats, Vahivanca Barots, etc., prevalent in Gujarat, Rajasthan and other parts of north India actively provided their patron rulers with genealogies that linked local clans of these chiefs with regional clans and with the Kshatriyas of the Puranas and Mahabharata. Once a ruling group succeeded in establishing its claim to Rajput status, there followed a 'secondary Rajputization' when the tribes tried to 're-associate' with their formal tribal chiefs who had also transformed themselves into Hindu rajas and Rajput Kshatriyas.}}</ref><ref name="Eaton87"/><br />
There are three basic lineages (''vanshas'' or ''vamshas'') among Rajputs. Each of these lineages is divided into several clans (kula) (total of 36 clans).<ref name="Asopa1990">{{cite book|author=Jai Narayan Asopa|title=A socio-political and economic study, northern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VBwhAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=26 May 2011|year=1990|publisher=Prateeksha Publications|page=89}}</ref> [[Suryavansha|Suryavanshi]] denotes descent from the solar deity [[Surya]], [[Chandravanshi]] ([[Somavanshi]]) from the lunar deity [[Chandra]], and [[Agnivanshi]] from the fire deity [[Agni]]. The Agnivanshi clans include [[Parmar (Rajput clan)|Parmar]], Chaulukya ([[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]]), [[Parihar (clan)|Parihar]] and Chauhan.<ref name="Unnithan-Kumar1997">{{cite book |author=Maya Unnithan-Kumar |title=Identity, Gender, and Poverty: New Perspectives on Caste and Tribe in Rajasthan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b9ktWLud0oIC&pg=PA135 |access-date=24 August 2013 |year=1997 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-1-57181-918-5 |page=135}}</ref><br />
<br />
Lesser-noted ''vansh'' include Udayvanshi, Rajvanshi,<ref name="Jha1997">{{cite book |author=Makhan Jha |title=Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC&pg=PA33 |access-date=24 August 2013 |date=1 January 1997 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-7533-034-4 |pages=33–}}</ref> and Rishivanshi{{citation needed |date=May 2018}}. The histories of the various ''vansh''s were later recorded in documents known as ''vamshāavalīis''; André Wink counts these among the "status-legitimizing texts".<ref name="Wink2002">{{cite book |author=André Wink |title=Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7th-11th Centuries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC&pg=PA282 |access-date=24 August 2013 |year=2002 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-0-391-04173-8 |pages=282–}}</ref><br />
<br />
Beneath the ''vansh'' division are smaller and smaller subdivisions: ''kul'', ''shakh'' ("branch"), ''khamp'' or ''khanp'' ("twig"), and ''nak'' ("twig tip").{{sfn|Shail Mayaram|2013|p=269}} Marriages within a ''kul'' are generally disallowed (with some flexibility for kul-mates of different ''gotra'' lineages). The ''kul'' serves as the primary identity for many of the Rajput clans, and each ''kul'' is protected by a family goddess, the ''[[kuldevi]]''. Lindsey Harlan notes that in some cases, ''shakh''s have become powerful enough to be functionally ''kul''s in their own right.{{sfn|Lindsey Harlan|1992|p=31}}<br />
<br />
== Suryavanshi lineage ==<br />
The Suryavanshi lineage (also known as the Raghuvanshies or Solar Dynasty) are clans who claim descent from Surya, the Hindu Sun-god.<ref name="Barbara N. Ramusack">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kz1-mtazYqEC&q=SURYAVANSHI+chandravanshi+RAJPUT&pg=PA14|title=The Indian Princes and their States, The New Cambridge History of India|author=Barbara N. Ramusack|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|isbn=9781139449083|pages=14}}</ref> <br />
<br />
*[[Kachhwaha]]<br />
{{Tree list}}<br />
**[[Shekhawat]]<br />
**[[Naruka]]<br />
**[[Bandhalgoti]]<br />
{{Tree list end}}<br />
*[[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]]<br />
{{Tree list}}<br />
**[[Vadhel]]<br />
{{Tree list end}}<br />
*[[Guhila dynasty|Guhila or Gohil]]<br />
{{Tree list}}<br />
**[[Sisodia Dynasty|Sisodia or Sisodiya]]<br />
***[[Chundawat]]<br />
{{Tree list end}}<br />
*[[Gahadavala dynasty|Gahadavala]]<br />
*[[Bargujar]]<br />
<br />
== Chandravanshi lineage ==<br />
The [[Chandravanshi]] lineage ([[Somavanshi]] or [[Lunar Dynasty]]) claims descent from [[Chandra]], The lineage is further divided into [[Yadava|Yaduvansh]] dynasty descendants of King [[Yadu]] and [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puruvansh]] dynasty descendants of [[King Puru]].<ref name="Barbara N. Ramusack" /><br />
<br />
===Puruvanshi Clans===<br />
<br />
*[[Tomar (Rajput clan)|Tomar (Tanwar/Toor)]]<br />
{{Tree list}}<br />
**[[Pathania]]<br />
{{Tree list end}}<br />
*[[Chandel (Rajput clan)|Chandel or Chandela]]<br />
*[[Katoch]]<br />
<br />
===Yaduvanshi Clans===<br />
*[[Bhati]]/[[Bhatti]]<br />
*[[Jadaun Rajputs|Jadaun]]<br />
*[[Raksel dynasty|Raksel]]<br />
*[[Samma dynasty|Samma]]<br />
{{Tree list}}<br />
**[[Chudasama (Rajput clan)|Chudasama]]<br />
**[[Jadeja]]<br />
{{Tree list end}} <br />
<br />
== Agnivanshi lineage ==<br />
<br />
The [[Agnivanshi]] lineage claim descent from [[Agni]], the [[Hindu]] god of fire.<ref name="Barbara N. Ramusack" /><br />
<br />
===Agnivanshi Clans===<br />
<br />
*[[Parihar (clan)|Parihar]]<br />
*[[Parmar (Rajput clan)|Parmar]]<br />
{{Tree list}}<br />
**[[Panwar]]<br />
**[[Mori Rajputs|Mori]]<br />
{{Tree list end}}<br />
{{Tree list}}<br />
**[[Sodha]]<br />
**[[Ujjainiya]]<br />
{{Tree list end}} <br />
*[[Chauhan Dynasty|Chauhan]]<br />
{{Tree list}}<br />
**[[Hada Chauhan|Hada]]<br />
**[[Deora (clan)|Deora]]<br />
**Khichi<br />
**[[Bhadauria]]<br />
**[[Negi (surname)|Negi]]<br />
{{Tree list end}}<br />
*[[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]]<br />
{{Tree list}}<br />
**[[Vaghela dynasty|Vaghela]]<br />
{{Tree list end}}<br />
<br />
== Battalion (Regiment) Clans ==<br />
<br />
In medieval Indian history, Rajputs made several regiments, special battalions and mercenaries specially during Rajput Era to fight against foreign invaders which consisted of Rajput soldiers from some or all Rajput clans. Their descendents still use those regiment Rajput surnames<ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=History of Tomars, Part1 – Tomars of Delhi by Harihar niwas Dwivedi|publisher=Vidyamandir publications|year=1983|isbn=|location=Gwalior|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Tarikh-i-Firishta, tr. Briggs, Vol.1|pages=26}}</ref><ref name="ErnstPati2007">{{cite book|author1=Waltraud Ernst|author2=Biswamoy Pati|title=India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9eKbW3ukh9oC&pg=PA57|date=18 October 2007|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-134-11988-2|page=57}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Regiment Clans===<br />
<br />
*'''[[Purbiyas (soldiers)|Purbia]]'''<br />
'''Purbiya''' (or '''Purabia''') are [[Rajput]] led mercenaries and soldiers from the eastern [[Gangetic Plain]] – areas corresponding to present-day western [[Bihar]] and eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="ErnstPati2007"/><ref name="Naravane1999">{{cite book|author=M. S. Naravane|title=The Rajputs of Rajputana: A Glimpse of Medieval Rajasthan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lF0FvjG3GWEC&pg=PA23|year=1999|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7648-118-2|page=23}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other Clans==<br />
<br />
*[[Bais (clan)|Bais]]<br />
*[[Bundela]]<br />
*[[Gaur (clan)|Gaur]]<br />
*[[Gautam (Rajput clan)|Gautam]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Valisinha |first=Devapriya |url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.3110 |title=Buddhist shrines in India |date=1948}}</ref><br />
*[[Jamwal]]<br />
*[[Pundir Rajputs|Pundir]]<br />
*[[Minhas]]<ref>{{Cite web|title="Evolution and Spatial Organization of Clan Settlements: A Case Study of Middle Ganga Valley"|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dxDWbsztdVQC&q=Kamsar| last1=Ansari | first1=Saiyad Hasan | date=27 September 1986 }}</ref><br />
*[[Jhala (clan)|Jhala]]<br />
*[[Sengar]]<br />
*[[Banaphar]]<br />
*[[Dor Rajputs|Dor]]<br />
*[[Jethwa]]<br />
<br />
==36 royal races==<br />
[[File:TodRoyalRaces1892.png|right|300px|thumb|Tod's 1829 listing of the royal races]]<br />
The '''36 royal races''' (''Chathis Rajkula'') is a listing of Indian social groups purported to be the royal (ruling) clans of several states and Janapads{{Clarification needed|date=April 2025}} of the northern Indian subcontinent. Among the historical attempts at creating a comprehensive listing of the 36 are the ''Kumarapala Prabandha'' of [[Acharya]] Jinamandan Gani of 1435 AD,<ref>{{cite book|author=Jai Narayan Asopa|title=A socio-political and economic study, northern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VBwhAAAAMAAJ|access-date=26 May 2011|year=1990|publisher=Prateeksha Publications|page=89}}</ref> ''[[Prithviraj Raso]]'' of uncertain date, and British officer [[James Tod]]'s 1829 ''Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan''.<br />
<br />
===''Kumarapala Prabandha'' list===<br />
The ''[[Kumarapala_(Chaulukya_dynasty)#Sources_of_information|Kumarpal Prabandha]]'' (about the reign of [[Kumarapala_(Chaulukya_dynasty)|Kumarapala Solanki of Chaulukya dynasty]] r. 1143-1172 CE) list provides 36 clans starting with dynasties mentioned in the classics,{{Clarification needed|date=April 2025}} [[Suryavansha|Surya]] and its [[Ikshvaku dynasty|Ikshvaku]] sub-branch, [[Chandravansha|Chandra]] and its [[Yadu]] ([[Yadava]]) branch. It also mentions some of the later famous clans: [[Paramara dynasty|Parmar]], Chauhan, [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukya]] (Solanki), [[Pratihar (Rajput clan)|Pratihara]] [[Rashtrakuta|Ratt]], [[Chandela]]. It also mentions other Deccani dynasties like [[Shilahara]], [[Chawda dynasty|Chapotkata]], [[Nikumbh]] etc. Many of the names are less known. Notably, it includes the [[Mori Kingdom|Mourya]]. <br />
<br />
''Kumarpal Prabandha'' was consulted by Tod,<ref>''Some Medieval Sculptures of North Gujarat'', H. A. Majmudar, Gujarat University, 1968, p. 155</ref> and he refers to it as Kumarpal Charit.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jai Narayan Asopa|title=A socio-political and economic study, northern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VBwhAAAAMAAJ|access-date=26 May 2011|year=1990|publisher=Prateeksha Publications|page=94}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Caste system in India]]<br />
* [[List of Rajput dynasties and states]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book|author=Richard Eaton|author-link=Richard M. Eaton|title=India in the Persianate Age: 1000-1765|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aIF6DwAAQBAJ|year=2019|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-0-14-196655-7}}<br />
* {{cite book|author=Eugenia Vanina|author-link=Eugenia Vanina|title=Medieval Indian Mindscapes: Space, Time, Society, Man|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yriGbWNAF5EC|year=2012|publisher=Primus Books|isbn=978-93-80607-19-1}}<br />
* {{cite book|author=Shail Mayaram|title=Against History, Against State: Counterperspectives from the Margins|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TyUtKfcjzG4C&pg=PA269|year=2013|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-52951-8}}<br />
* {{cite book|author=Lindsey Harlan|date=1992|title=Religion and Rajput Women: The Ethic of Protection in Contemporary Narratives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7HLrPYOe38gC&pg=PA88|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley, California|isbn=978-0-520-07339-5}}<br />
* {{citation|last=Zimmer|first=Heinrich|author-link=Heinrich Zimmer|title=Philosophies of India|year=1952|editor=Joseph Campbell|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd|location=London|url=https://archive.org/details/Philosophy.of.India.by.Heinrich.Zimmer|isbn=978-81-208-0739-6}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=ft2g5004kg&chunk.id=d0e993&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e993&brand=ucpress Rajasthan and the Rajputs]<br />
*[http://www.kipling.org.uk/rg_marque_royalraces.htm The Thirty-six Royal Races of Rajput] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618142704/http://www.kipling.org.uk/rg_marque_royalraces.htm |date=18 June 2013 }} at Kipling.org<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rajput clans| ]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durga_Shakti_Nagpal&diff=497874Durga Shakti Nagpal2026-02-04T20:56:22Z<p>Priyupranav: New</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian bureaucrat (born 1985)}}<br />
{{Good article}}<br />
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Smt. Durga Shakti Nagpal<br />
| image = Smt. Durga Shakti Nagpal.png<br />
| caption = Photo of when she was DM & Collector of Banda in 2024<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1985|06|25}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Agra, Uttar Pradesh]], India<br />
| education = [[Bachelor of Technology]] in [[computer science]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology (Delhi)|Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology]]<br />
| occupation = [[Bureaucrat]]<br />
| years_active = 2010–present<br />
| employer = [[Government of India]]<br />
| organization = [[Indian Administrative Service]]<br />
| known_for = Actions against [[Corruption in India|corruption]] and [[illegal sand mining]]<br />
| spouse = Abhishek Singh (IAS) and Actor<br />
| children = 2<br />
| awards = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Durga Shakti Nagpal''' (born 25 June 1985) is an Indian [[bureaucrat]] and [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) officer of [[Uttar Pradesh]] cadre and 2010 batch. She's currently posted as a [[District magistrate|DM & Collector]] of [[Lakhimpur, Uttar Pradesh|Lakhimpur Kheri]].<ref name=db30j1343345>{{cite web|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/UP-who-is-durga-shakti-nagpal-the-fearless-ias-officer-who-took-on-the-mighty-sand--4334540-PHO.html|title=Who is Durga Shakti Nagpal, the fearless IAS officer who took on the mighty sand mafia?|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=Dainik Bhaskar|date=30 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809115504/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/UP-who-is-durga-shakti-nagpal-the-fearless-ias-officer-who-took-on-the-mighty-sand--4334540-PHO.html|archive-date=9 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="India Today">{{cite news|title=Durga Shakti Nagpal appointed OSD to Union Agriculture ministry|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/durga-shakti-nagpal-deputation-union-agriculture-ministry-nda-government-234767-2015-01-08|access-date=4 May 2015|publisher=India Today|date=8 January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429180313/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/durga-shakti-nagpal-deputation-union-agriculture-ministry-nda-government/1/412150.html|archive-date=29 April 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Indianexpress.com">{{cite web|title=Durga Shakti Nagpal appointed OSD to minister|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/durga-shakti-nagpal-appointed-osd-to-minister/|access-date=18 November 2015|work=[[Indianexpress.com]]|date=9 January 2015 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019170427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/durga-shakti-nagpal-appointed-osd-to-minister/|archive-date=19 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> She came into public view after launching a massive drive against corruption and [[illegal sand mining]] within her jurisdiction of [[Gautam Budh Nagar]] as Joint Magistrate. In July 2013, she was suspended by the [[Akhilesh Yadav]] led [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Government of UP]] for allegedly demolishing an illegal mosque wall in Kadalpur village near [[Jewar]],<ref name="indiatoday296742" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2013/07/31/akhilesh-yadav-remember-durga-shakti-nagpal-she-is-future-kiran-bedi-1272243.html|title=Akhilesh ji, remember Durga Shakti, she is future Kiran Bedi|work=Oneindia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927133913/http://news.oneindia.in/2013/07/31/akhilesh-yadav-remember-durga-shakti-nagpal-she-is-future-kiran-bedi-1272243.html|archive-date=27 September 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> which resulted in severe opposition as it was perceived to be based on flimsy grounds.<br />
<br />
There was a growing demand from various political parties, associations of Indian bureaucrats,<ref>{{cite news|title=India unites against Suspension of IAS Durga Shakti Nagpal|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/07/india-unites-against-suspension-of-durga-shakti-nagpal/|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=Bihar Prabha|date=29 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801052213/http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/07/india-unites-against-suspension-of-durga-shakti-nagpal/|archive-date=1 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Central IPS officers association backs Durga Shakti Nagpal|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Central-IPS-officers-association-backs-Durga-Shakti-Nagpal/articleshow/21692881.cms|access-date=8 August 2013|newspaper=Times of India|date=8 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808113321/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Central-IPS-officers-association-backs-Durga-Shakti-Nagpal/articleshow/21692881.cms|archive-date=8 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and by the general public on online social media for her suspension to be revoked.<ref name=dp31j13>{{cite news|title=Netizens come out in support of suspended UP SDM Durga|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/netizens-come-out-in-support-of-suspended-up-sdm-durga.html|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=Daily Pioneer|date=31 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823224420/http://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/netizens-come-out-in-support-of-suspended-up-sdm-durga.html|archive-date=23 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=ttoi29j13ns>{{cite news|title=Netizens slam Akhilesh govt for 'shooting the messenger'|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-29/india/40871221_1_sand-mafia-khemka-facebook|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801074229/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-29/india/40871221_1_sand-mafia-khemka-facebook|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 August 2013|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 July 2013}}</ref><ref name=it29j13>{{cite news|title=IAS Officer Durga Shakti Nagpal Suspended for Tackling UP's Sand Mafia|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-suspended-for-tackling-ups-sand-mafia-92033.html|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=29 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730233606/http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-suspended-for-tackling-ups-sand-mafia-92033.html|archive-date=30 July 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=dnai30j13upias>{{cite news|title=UP IAS officers rally behind daring officer Durga Shakti Nagpal|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1867303/report-up-ias-officers-rally-behind-daring-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=DNA India|date=30 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801054407/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1867303/report-up-ias-officers-rally-behind-daring-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal|archive-date=1 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=iex31j13>{{cite news|title=IAS officer Durga Shakti Nagpal suspended, centre awaits report from Uttar Pradesh govt|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-suspended-centre-awaits-report-from-uttar-pradesh-govt/1149260/0|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=31 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=U.P. IAS officers, Opposition slam Nagpal's suspension|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/parties-cry-foul-over-up-ias-officers-suspension/article4966710.ece|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=29 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823173246/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/parties-cry-foul-over-up-ias-officers-suspension/article4966710.ece|archive-date=23 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Her suspension was revoked by the Government of UP on 26 September 2013 and she was transferred to [[Kanpur Dehat district|Kanpur Dehat]].<ref>{{cite news|title=IAS body: Revocation of Durga Shakti Nagpal's suspension a delayed decision|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ias-body-revocation-of-nagpals-suspension-delayed-decision/1172725/|newspaper=Indian Express|date=23 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926171533/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ias-body-revocation-of-nagpals-suspension-delayed-decision/1172725/|archive-date=26 September 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130913/news-current-affairs/article/durga-shakti-nagpal-reinstated-quietly |title=Durga Shakti Nagpal reinstated quietly |access-date=2013-09-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914172155/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130913/news-current-affairs/article/durga-shakti-nagpal-reinstated-quietly |archive-date=14 September 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asianage.com/india/durga-s-suspension-quietly-revoked-234 |title=Durga's suspension is quietly revoked in UP &#124; the Asian Age |access-date=2013-09-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929082233/http://www.asianage.com/india/durga-s-suspension-quietly-revoked-234 |archive-date=29 September 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />
<br />
Durga Nagpal was appointed as [[Officer on Special Duty (India)|Officer on Special Duty]] (OSD) to the Union Agriculture & Farmers Welfare Minister, [[Radha Mohan Singh]] on 14 January 2015.<ref name="India Today"/><ref name="Indianexpress.com"/> On 31 March 2023, she got her first posting as District Collector and [[District Magistrate]] (DM) of [[Banda district, India|Banda]] in UP.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Durga Nagpal was born in [[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] on 25 June 1985.<ref>{{cite web|title=IAS Officers' Civil List Information System|url=http://civillist.ias.nic.in/Yr2013/QryProcessCL.asp|publisher=[[National Informatics Centre]]|access-date=2 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803041352/http://civillist.ias.nic.in/Yr2013/QryProcessCL.asp|archive-date=3 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Her father is a retired government officer who was awarded the President's Medal for distinguished service at the [[Delhi Cantonment]] Board. Her grandfather was a police officer who was murdered in 1954 while on duty in [[Sadar Bazaar, Delhi|Sadar Bazaar]], [[Delhi]].<br />
<br />
She graduated from the [[Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology (Delhi)|Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University]] in 2007 with an undergraduate degree in [[computer engineering]]. She obtained an All India Rank of 20 in the [[Union Public Service Commission|UPSC]] [[Civil Services Examination]] in 2009, after which she joined the Indian Administrative Service (IAS).<ref name=ht1102075>{{cite news|title='Upright' suspended IAS officer Durga just wanted to preserve environment|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/Upright-suspended-IAS-officer-Durga-just-wanted-to-preserve-environment/Article1-1102075.aspx|access-date=3 August 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=2 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803053907/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/Upright-suspended-IAS-officer-Durga-just-wanted-to-preserve-environment/Article1-1102075.aspx|archive-date=3 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=toi30j13pb>{{cite news|title=Punjab babus condemn Noida IAS Durga Shakti Nagpal's suspension, demand reinstatement|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Punjab-babus-condemn-Noida-IAS-Durga-Shakti-Nagpals-suspension-demand-reinstatement/articleshow/21475342.cms|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=30 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722033219/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Punjab-babus-condemn-Noida-IAS-Durga-Shakti-Nagpals-suspension-demand-reinstatement/articleshow/21475342.cms|archive-date=22 July 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=toi21521811>{{cite news|title=Suspended IAS Durga Shakti Nagpal ranked 20 on UPSC list|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Suspended-IAS-Durga-Shakti-Nagpal-ranked-20-on-UPSC-list/articleshow/21521811.cms|access-date=3 August 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=1 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722033223/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Suspended-IAS-Durga-Shakti-Nagpal-ranked-20-on-UPSC-list/articleshow/21521811.cms|archive-date=22 July 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In her first attempt to pass the civil service exam, she was accepted into the [[Indian Revenue Service]] (IRS), but chose to take the UPSC exam another time.<br />
<br />
==Family==<br />
She is married to Abhishek Singh, who is an IAS officer of 2011 batch. She met Singh while preparing for the UPSC examinations in 2009.<ref name=ht1102075/><ref name=oi1277762>{{cite news|title=Who is Durga Shakti Nagpal?|url=http://www.oneindia.com/feature/2013/who-is-durga-shakti-nagpal-1277762.html|access-date=7 August 2013|newspaper=OneIndiaNews|date=7 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215817/http://news.oneindia.in/feature/2013/who-is-durga-shakti-nagpal-1277762.html|archive-date=4 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Abhishek Singh is also an actor and has worked in movies.<br />
<br />
The Government of UP led by [[Yogi Adityanath]] suspended Mr. Singh since 7 February 2023 following his absence for 82 days from office without any information. Later, he resigned from the office.<ref>{{Cite web |last=त्रिपाठी |first=संजय |date=2023-10-04 |title=IAS अभिषेक सिंह ने दिया इस्तीफा, फरवरी से चल रहे थे निलंबित, अब इस फील्ड में कर सकते हैं एंट्री |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/up-uk/ias-abhishek-singh-resigned-was-under-suspension-from-feb-2020-after-posting-photo-during-gujarat-elections-ann-2507432 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Nagpal began her career in the [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] cadre of the IAS. She joined the [[Mohali district]] administration in June 2011, and served there for fourteen months. As a trainee IAS officer in Punjab, she exposed a land scam in Mohali.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/as-trainee-ias-officer-durga-unearthed-land-scam-in-mohali/1152265/|title=As trainee IAS officer, Durga unearthed 'land scam' in Mohali|date=7 August 2013 |access-date=7 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810102720/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/as-trainee-ias-officer-durga-unearthed-land-scam-in-mohali/1152265|archive-date=10 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
In August 2012, she moved to the Uttar Pradesh (UP) cadre as the [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate]] (SDM) of Noida, after marrying Abhishek Singh.<ref name=oi1277762/><ref>{{cite news|title=PCS officers express solidarity with Durga Sakthi|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pcs-officers-express-solidarity-with-durga-sakthi/articleshow/21631101.cms|access-date=5 August 2013|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=5 August 2013}}</ref> She was later appointed as the Joint Magistrate in [[Gautam Budh Nagar]]. She came into public notice after acting against the "sand mafia" in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh by forming special investigation teams to stop the illegal sand-mining in the [[Yamuna]] and [[Hindon River|Hindon]] river banks.<ref name=indiatoday296742>{{cite news|title=IAS officer Durga Shakti Nagpal suspended after clamping down on UP sand mafia|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/woman-ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-illegal-sand-mafia-171881-2013-07-27|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=India today|date=28 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731053742/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/woman-ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-illegal-sand-mafia/1/296743.html|archive-date=31 July 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Under her leadership, the administration confiscated 24 dumper trucks and 300 trolleys used in illegal operations, and arrested 15 people who were fined {{INRConvert|20|m|0}}.<ref name=ndtv398325/><br />
<br />
===Crackdown on illegal mining===<br />
{{main | Uttar Pradesh sand mining scandal}}<br />
{{See also|Sand_mining#India|label 1=Sand mining in India|Mining scams in India}}<br />
Most of the sand-mining activity in the [[National Capital Territory of Delhi|NCR]] region, comprising [[Noida]] (Uttar Pradesh), [[Faridabad]] (Haryana) and Delhi, is illegal as no environment impact assessment (EIA) has been carried out, and it is estimated that about 250 to 350 truckloads of sand is illegally [[dredge]]d every day. The cost of this sand varies from {{INRConvert|1|b|0}} per month<ref>{{cite news|title=Two held for illegal sand mining|url=http://www.vijaychowk.com/news/index.php/2013/06/26/two-held-for-illegal-sand-mining/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130731153002/http://www.vijaychowk.com/news/index.php/2013/06/26/two-held-for-illegal-sand-mining/|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 July 2013|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=Vijay Chowk|date=26 June 2013}}</ref> to {{INRConvert|5|b|0}} per annum.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sand mafia 'back' in action|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/Sand-mafia-back-in-action/articleshow/21498134.cms|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=31 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303124437/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/Sand-mafia-back-in-action/articleshow/21498134.cms|archive-date=3 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> According to environmentalists and engineers, the massive amount of mining is responsible for soil-erosion and changing the natural flow of the Hindon and Yamuna, which shifted its course by about 500 metres toward east and posed a threat to flood embankments in six sectors of Noida.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sand mining causes Yamuna to shift 500m east, threaten Noida|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-10/noida/41266073_1_illegal-sand-dredgers-sand-mining-sand-mafia|access-date=16 August 2013|date=10 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130816123118/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-10/noida/41266073_1_illegal-sand-dredgers-sand-mining-sand-mafia|archive-date=16 August 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A "Special Mining Squad" was established by the Noida district administration to curb sand mining and was expected to succeed,<ref>{{cite news|title=No check on illegal sand mining in Noida|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/No-check-on-illegal-sand-mining-in-Noida/articleshow/16915888.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130731153012/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-22/noida/34652732_1_illegal-sand-developmental-projects-construction-costs|url-status=live|archive-date=31 July 2013|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Grains of Despair: Sand mining in India|url=http://www.cseindia.org/node/3878|publisher=CSE India|access-date=31 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809002227/http://cseindia.org/node/3878|archive-date=9 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> but high demand of sand for increased construction activity, police inaction<ref>{{cite news|title=Cops' Inaction Gives Sand Mafia A Free Run|url=http://yamunanews.com/news/NEWDELHI,NOIDA,GREATERNOIDA,YAMUNAEXPRESSWAY,NEWS,EVENTS,MUSIC,PHOTOS,VIDEOS,PRESSRELEASES/cops-inaction-gives-sand-mafia-a-free-run/|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=Yamuna News|date=27 April 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318153849/http://yamunanews.com/news/NEWDELHI,NOIDA,GREATERNOIDA,YAMUNAEXPRESSWAY,NEWS,EVENTS,MUSIC,PHOTOS,VIDEOS,PRESSRELEASES/cops-inaction-gives-sand-mafia-a-free-run/|archive-date=18 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and the political nexus with the "sand mafia" has ensured that various rules to safeguard the environment are regularly flouted.<ref>{{cite news|title=Most sand mining in NCR illegal: Activists|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Most-sand-mining-in-NCR-illegal-Activists/Article1-1100919.aspx|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=30 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318162444/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Most-sand-mining-in-NCR-illegal-Activists/Article1-1100919.aspx|archive-date=18 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Downpour halts illegal sand mining|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-21/noida/40118297_1_sand-mining-vaibhav-bhatia-national-sand-supply-company|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804072316/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-21/noida/40118297_1_sand-mining-vaibhav-bhatia-national-sand-supply-company|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 August 2013|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Illegal sand mining thrives in Noida|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/Illegal-sand-mining-thrives-in-Noida/articleshow/8794366.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809021517/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-10/noida/29642175_1_sand-mining-sand-mafia-transport-sand|url-status=live|archive-date=9 August 2013|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mafia thrives as Noida fails to curb sand mining|url=http://www.ercindia.org/ngtba/index.php/news/144-mafia-thrives-as-noida-fails-to-curb-sand-mining|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130731142519/http://www.ercindia.org/ngtba/index.php/news/144-mafia-thrives-as-noida-fails-to-curb-sand-mining|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 July 2013|publisher=National Green Tribunal Association Bar|access-date=31 July 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
After receiving many complaints of dredging in the Yamuna and Hindon rivers banks, the UP Chief Minister's office in Lucknow asked the GB Nagar district administration to prevent further illegal activity. Nagpal, as the SDM, oversaw a large operation to stop illegal sand mining in the district, and used surprise and secrecy to arrest illegal miners and to confiscate their machinery.<ref name=toi40960>{{cite news|title=IAS Durga Shakti Nagpal suspended for a demolition that never was|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/IAS-Durga-Shakti-Nagpal-suspended-for-a-demolition-that-never-was/articleshow/21519309.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804160006/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-01/india/40960246_1_religious-structure-sand-mafia-government|url-status=live|archive-date=4 August 2013|access-date=2 August 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=1 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=104 arrests in 6 months: Noida IAS officer's sand mafia crackdown|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/104-arrests-in-6-months-noida-ias-officers-sand-mafia-crackdown/1148490/0|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=30 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803230248/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/104-arrests-in-6-months-noida-ias-officers-sand-mafia-crackdown/1148490/0|archive-date=3 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> On 23 July 2013, Nagpal had said that she would take strict action against dredgers engaged in [[illegal mining]], adding that such activity could affect the environment adversely. Since April 2013, the [[Uttar Pradesh Police]] had filed 17 [[First Information Report|FIRs]] and the [[Magistrate#India|Chief Judicial magistrate]] had ordered the arrest of illegal sand miners in 22 cases. From April to June 2013, the police had impounded 297 vehicles and machinery used for illegal mining and collected Rs {{formatnum:8234000}} in fines. Under Nagpal, a joint operation involving the revenue, police and transport departments was launched and villages of Asgarpur, Nangla Wajidpur, Gulavli, Kambakshpur, Jaganpur Chaproli were monitored.<ref>{{cite news|title=Durga IAS takes on Noida sand mafia|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Durga-IAS-takes-on-Noida-sand-mafia/articleshow/21260258.cms|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=23 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724181256/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Durga-IAS-takes-on-Noida-sand-mafia/articleshow/21260258.cms|archive-date=24 July 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> On 25 July, the government transferred the mining officer of the GB Nagar district Ashish Kumar, who was assisting Nagpal, to [[Bulandshahr district|Bulandshahr]]. Before being transferred, Kumar survived three attempts on his life, the last one was on 9 February 2013. Nagpal was also targeted on 26 April 2013, during a visit to the Kasna police station. These attacks were attributed to the "sand mafia" operating in the district.<ref>{{cite news|title=Government pulled two thorns out of sand mafia's side in a week|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/Government-pulled-two-thorns-out-of-sand-mafias-side-in-a-week/articleshow/21498314.cms|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=31 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303124438/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/Government-pulled-two-thorns-out-of-sand-mafias-side-in-a-week/articleshow/21498314.cms|archive-date=3 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=ht1102335>{{cite news|title=Official in Durga's team survived three attacks on life|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/Official-in-Durga-s-team-survived-three-attacks-on-life/Article1-1102335.aspx|access-date=2 August 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=2 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803061600/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/Official-in-Durga-s-team-survived-three-attacks-on-life/Article1-1102335.aspx|archive-date=3 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=toi21562701>{{cite news|title=Greater Noida locals brave bullets, chase away sand mafia|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/Greater-Noida-locals-brave-bullets-chase-away-sand-mafia/articleshow/21562701.cms?intenttarget=no|access-date=3 August 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=3 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821054048/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/Greater-Noida-locals-brave-bullets-chase-away-sand-mafia/articleshow/21562701.cms?intenttarget=no|archive-date=21 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
On the night of 29 July 2013, the Gautam Buddha Nagar police arrested 15 persons and confiscated 26 vehicles in the district and registered seven cases, some of which were in Dankaur and Greater Noida areas.<ref>{{cite news|title=Police arrest 15 during crack down on illegal mining, impound 26 vehicles|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/police-arrest-15-during-crack-down-on-illegal-mining-impound-26-vehicles/410702-3-242.html|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=IBN Live|date=30 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026161448/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/police-arrest-15-during-crack-down-on-illegal-mining-impound-26-vehicles/410702-3-242.html|archive-date=26 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Suspension===<br />
Nagpal was suspended on 28 July 2013, a day after she allegedly demolished a wall of an under-construction mosque in Kadalpur village, in the Rabupura area of [[Jewar]]. The construction of the mosque had not been cleared by the state government.<ref name=ht1101851/><ref name=dnai1869071/><ref name=fp5955>{{cite news|title=In Kadalpur village, IAS officer Durga Shakti Nagpal is no hero|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/in-ups-kadalpur-village-ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-is-no-hero-1005955.html|access-date=2 August 2013|newspaper=First Post|date=2 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804191926/http://www.firstpost.com/india/in-ups-kadalpur-village-ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-is-no-hero-1005955.html|archive-date=4 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Whether Nagpal was actually involved in the demolition of the wall, and whether she was justified in her actions even if she was, are disputed. Her supporters and most of the media sources claim that Nagpal did not order the demolition of the wall and was not even present at the site when the incident happened. According to them, she was targeted due to her campaign against illegal sand-mining, and allegations of Nagpal's involvement in the demolition are false.<ref name=ht2a13>{{cite news|title=Was Durga Shakti Nagpal trapped?|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Noida/Was-Durga-Shakti-Nagpal-trapped/Article1-1102096.aspx|access-date=2 August 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=2 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802024526/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Noida/Was-Durga-Shakti-Nagpal-trapped/Article1-1102096.aspx|archive-date=2 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="ibnlive.in.com">{{cite news|title=UP government to chargesheet suspended IAS officer Durga Shakti Nagpal|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/up-government-to-chargesheet-suspended-ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal/410779-3-242.html|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=IBN Live|date=31 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803103156/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/up-government-to-chargesheet-suspended-ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal/410779-3-242.html|archive-date=3 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite news|title=SP leader blames SDM but denies role in suspension|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/SP-leader-blames-SDM-but-denies-role-in-suspension/articleshow/21498233.cms|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=31 July 2013}}</ref> However, there are other sources which quote residents of Kadalpur village claiming that Nagpal personally supervised the demolition of the wall.<ref name="Durga Nagpal no hero in Kadalpur">{{cite news|title=Durga Nagpal no hero in Kadalpur|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/durga-nagpal-no-hero-in-kadalpur/article4989188.ece|access-date=5 August 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=5 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807192424/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/durga-nagpal-no-hero-in-kadalpur/article4989188.ece|archive-date=7 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday.intoday.in">{{cite news|title=Village fights its battle to rebuild mosque wall demolished on orders of IAS officer Durga Shakti|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/durga-shakti-nagpal-ias-officer-demolition-mosque-wall-in-kadal-pur-greater-noida-172202-2013-07-30|access-date=11 August 2013|newspaper=India Today|date=31 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802042321/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/durga-shakti-nagpal-ias-officer-demolition-mosque-wall-in-kadal-pur-greater-noida/1/297164.html|archive-date=2 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 16 August, Nagpal submitted her reply to the [[chargesheet]] filed by the UP government, in which she declared herself innocent and said that her action was within the rules of service and as per the directions of the Supreme Court.<ref>{{cite news|title=Suspended IAS officer Durga Shakti Nagpal replies to UP govt charge sheet, claims innocence|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1875594/report-suspended-ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-replies-to-up-govt-charge-sheet-claims-innocence|access-date=17 August 2013|newspaper=DNA India|date=17 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818131706/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1875594/report-suspended-ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-replies-to-up-govt-charge-sheet-claims-innocence|archive-date=18 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Durga Shakti Nagpal submits her reply to charges by Uttar Pradesh government|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/durga-shakti-nagpal-submits-her-reply-to-charges-by-uttar-pradesh-government-406796?h_related_also_see|access-date=16 August 2013|newspaper=NDTV|date=16 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817155246/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/durga-shakti-nagpal-submits-her-reply-to-charges-by-uttar-pradesh-government-406796?h_related_also_see|archive-date=17 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> On 28 August, Noida [[District Magistrate|district magistrate]] Ravikant Singh, who backed Nagpal's actions, was transferred from his post and was put on a wait list.<ref>{{cite news|title=Noida district magistrate, who backed Durga Nagpal, transferred|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Noida-district-magistrate-who-backed-Durga-Nagpal-transferred/articleshow/22118014.cms|access-date=28 August 2013|newspaper=Times of India|date=28 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828132655/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Noida-district-magistrate-who-backed-Durga-Nagpal-transferred/articleshow/22118014.cms|archive-date=28 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Suspension revoked===<br />
Nagpal, accompanied by her husband Abhishek Singh, met Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav on 21 September 2013 for the first time since her suspension. Her suspension was revoked by the UP government on 22 September 2013,<ref>{{cite news|title=IAS officer Durga Shakti Nagpal's suspension revoked by Uttar Pradesh government|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-s-suspension-revoked-by-uttar-pradesh-government-422125|newspaper=NDTV|date=23 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925025625/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-s-suspension-revoked-by-uttar-pradesh-government-422125|archive-date=25 September 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and she joined as Joint Magistrate of [[Kanpur Dehat district]] on 5 October 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Durga Shakti Nagpal posted as joint magistrate of Kanpur (Rural) after revocation of suspension|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/durga-shakti-posted-as-joint-magistrate-of-kanpur-rural-213345-2013-10-05|newspaper=India Today|date=6 October 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007234551/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/durga-shakti-posted-as-joint-magistrate-of-kanpur-rural/1/313302.html|archive-date=7 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Targeting of Family===<br />
On 11 October 2014, Nagpal's husband, Abhishek Singh, also a bureaucrat was suspended. Abhishek Singh was the SDM ([[Sub Divisional Magistrate]]) in [[Mahawan]], [[Mathura]], was suspended by the [[chief minister]] [[Akhilesh Yadav]], for allegedly treating a teacher, Fauran Singh, in an inhuman manner. Abhishek Singh denies the charges, while the government refuses to elaborate further on what inhuman actions he was guilty of.<ref>{{cite news|title=Durga Shakti Nagpal's IAS husband suspended|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Durga-Shakti-Nagpals-IAS-husband-suspended/articleshow/44783590.cms|access-date=23 April 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 October 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301073900/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Durga-Shakti-Nagpals-IAS-husband-suspended/articleshow/44783590.cms|archive-date=1 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Reactions to her suspension==<br />
<br />
===Public===<br />
The administrative actions and subsequent suspension of Nagpal received widespread attention in India. She was widely praised for making efforts to clean up the corruption in the Indian political system. References were made with the Hindu goddess [[Durga]] for taking action against the politically well-connected sand-mining mafia and real estate barons.<ref>{{cite news|title=Who's afraid of Durga's shakti?|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/1869635/column-who-s-afraid-of-durga-s-shakti|access-date=4 August 2013|newspaper=DNA India|date=4 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805220216/http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/1869635/column-who-s-afraid-of-durga-s-shakti|archive-date=5 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> According to Surinder S. Jodhka, professor and chair at the Centre for the Study of Social Systems in [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (JNU), the protest after Nagpal's suspension are due to the growing discontent within India's growing middle-class with criminalisation in politics.<ref name=dna1869452>{{cite news|title=Criminality in politics: Suspended woman officer Durga Shakti Nagpal is new rallying point|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1869452/report-criminality-in-politics-suspended-woman-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-is-new-rallying-point|access-date=3 August 2013|newspaper=DNA India|date=3 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805220511/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1869452/report-criminality-in-politics-suspended-woman-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-is-new-rallying-point|archive-date=5 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Due to the public protests, the UP government had to engage in damage control, highlighting its welfare schemes and announcing that it is considering to set up a task force to check illegal mining.<ref>{{cite news|title=Suspension of IAS officer: UP govt in damage control mode|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1869630/report-suspension-of-ias-officer-up-govt-in-damage-control-mode|access-date=4 August 2013|newspaper=DNA India|date=4 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805221427/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1869630/report-suspension-of-ias-officer-up-govt-in-damage-control-mode|archive-date=5 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Kiran Bedi]] and large number of people on social media like Facebook and Twitter<ref name=dna1869452/> protested against the IAS officer's suspension.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2013/07/29/kiran-bedi-joins-social-media-to-protest-ias-official-suspension-1270509.html|title=Kiran Bedi protest against IAS officer's suspension|publisher=One India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318032819/http://news.oneindia.in/2013/07/29/kiran-bedi-joins-social-media-to-protest-ias-official-suspension-1270509.html|archive-date=18 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Several serving and retired IAS officers like former [[Central Vigilance Commission]]er (CVC) [[N. Vittal]], former [[Cabinet Secretary (India)|cabinet secretaries]] [[T. S. R. Subramanian]] and [[Naresh Chandra]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Power to suspend IAS officers should stay with state government|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Lucknow/Power-to-suspend-IAS-officers-should-stay-with-state-government/Article1-1108529.aspx|access-date=16 August 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=16 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130816133551/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Lucknow/Power-to-suspend-IAS-officers-should-stay-with-state-government/Article1-1108529.aspx|archive-date=16 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Suspension of Durga Shakti Nagpal illegal, utterly stupid & whimsical: Naresh Chandra|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/suspension-of-durga-shakti-nagpal-illegal-utterly-stupid-whimsical-naresh-chandra/articleshow/21610510.cms|access-date=5 August 2013|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=5 August 2013}}</ref> and former [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India|Comptroller and Auditor General]] (CAG) [[Vinod Rai]] came out in support of Nagpal, calling her actions bold and courageous,<ref name=dnai1869829>{{cite news|title=Ashok Khemka praises Durga Nagpal for showing boldness|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1869829/report-ashok-khemka-praises-durga-nagpal-for-showing-boldness|access-date=4 August 2013|newspaper=DNA India|date=4 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805215636/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1869829/report-ashok-khemka-praises-durga-nagpal-for-showing-boldness|archive-date=5 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=dnai1869754>{{cite news|title=IAS officer Durga Shakti Nagpal's suspension triggers debate, integrity of civil service in danger|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1869754/report-ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-s-suspension-triggers-debate-integrity-of-civil-service-in-danger|access-date=4 August 2013|newspaper=DNA India|date=4 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805215559/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1869754/report-ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-s-suspension-triggers-debate-integrity-of-civil-service-in-danger|archive-date=5 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and asked the Chief Secretary to revoke her suspension.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/parties-cry-foul-over-up-ias-officers-suspension/article4966710.ece?homepage=true|title=Opposition slam Nagpal's suspension|work=The Hindu|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801082431/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/parties-cry-foul-over-up-ias-officers-suspension/article4966710.ece?homepage=true|archive-date=1 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The All India IAS Association, a national body of IAS officers, termed the government's actions "wrong" and believes that Nagpal was suspended due to her stringent actions which hurt the sand-mafia. It has demanded immediate revocation of her suspension, and called the incident "demoralising" for young IAS officers.<ref>{{cite news|title=Revoke suspension of Durga Sakthi Nagpal: IAS officers body|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/revoke-suspension-of-durga-sakthi-nagpal-ias-officers-body-113073100929_1.html|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=Business Standard|date=31 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814235454/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/revoke-suspension-of-durga-sakthi-nagpal-ias-officers-body-113073100929_1.html|archive-date=14 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=ibnlive31j13410936>{{cite news|title=IAS officer Durga's action could've led to riots: UP minister|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ias-officer-durgas-action-couldve-led-to-riots-up-minister/410936-3-242.html|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=IBN Live|date=31 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803083532/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ias-officer-durgas-action-couldve-led-to-riots-up-minister/410936-3-242.html|archive-date=3 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
The collective voicing of these concerns by the state's IAS officers was deemed unusual and surprised the ruling [[Samajwadi Party]]. Senior officers have attributed this backlash to the general feeling of discontentment in the officer cadre, which they say is due to increasing political interference in public administration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Combative UP bureaucrats stump Akhilesh Yadav|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/combative-up-bureaucrats-stump-akhilesh-yadav-113073000284_1.html|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=Business Standard|date=30 June 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318032143/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/combative-up-bureaucrats-stump-akhilesh-yadav-113073000284_1.html|archive-date=18 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=tect21716807>{{cite news|title=Is Durga Shakti Nagpal a victim of the political class?|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/is-durga-shakti-nagpal-a-victim-of-the-political-class/articleshow/21716807.cms|access-date=9 August 2013|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=9 August 2013}}</ref> On 1 August, in a rare act, thousands of IAS officers filed a petition to the Department of personnel and training, demanding intervention by the Central government to direct the UP government to revoke Durga's suspension.<ref name=toi21541587>{{cite news|title=Furious IAS officers protest against Durga Shakti Nagpal's suspension|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Furious-IAS-officers-protest-against-Durga-Shakti-Nagpals-suspension/articleshow/21541587.cms|access-date=2 August 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=1 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802015900/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Furious-IAS-officers-protest-against-Durga-Shakti-Nagpals-suspension/articleshow/21541587.cms|archive-date=2 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 5 August 2013, reacting to the suspension of Nagpal, the [[National Green Tribunal Act|National Green Tribunal]] (NGT) ordered a pan-India suspension of all [[sand mining]] activity carried without a license from the [[Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)|Ministry of Environment and Forests]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sand mining banned across India; UP, Centre spat over Durga Sakthi Nagpal|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sand-mining-banned-across-India-UP-Centre-spat-over-Durga-Sakthi-Nagpal/articleshow/21625266.cms|access-date=5 August 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=5 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=NGT stays sand mining without environmental clearances|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/ngt-stays-sand-mining-without-environmental-clearances/article4991904.ece|access-date=5 August 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=5 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808144639/http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/ngt-stays-sand-mining-without-environmental-clearances/article4991904.ece|archive-date=8 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Political parties===<br />
Since Nagpal's suspension came to public view, it has been alleged that then [[Samajwadi Party]] leader [[Narendra Bhati]] (later joined BJP), who had cabinet-minister rank as the then chairperson of the UP State Agro Industrial Corporation Limited,<ref name=ht2a13 /> was responsible for getting her abruptly suspended because he was frustrated by Nagpal's drive against illegal mining.<ref name="ibnlive.in.com"/><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/> Bhati was later recorded on video boasting about getting the officer suspended within 40 minutes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Durga Shakti Nagpal transferred in 41 minutes, boasts Samajwadi Party leader Narinder Bhati|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/durga-shakti-nagpal-transferred-in-41-minutes-boasts-samajwadi-party-leader-narinder-bhati/1150263|access-date=2 August 2013|newspaper=The Financial Express|date=2 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805220910/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/durga-shakti-nagpal-transferred-in-41-minutes-boasts-samajwadi-party-leader-narinder-bhati/1150263|archive-date=5 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=SP leader brags he got Durga Shakti Nagpal suspended in 41 minutes|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttar-pradesh/got-durga-shakti-nagpal-suspended-in-40-minutes-samajwadi-party-leader_866122.html|access-date=2 August 2013|newspaper=Zee News|date=2 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803171143/http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttar-pradesh/got-durga-shakti-nagpal-suspended-in-40-minutes-samajwadi-party-leader_866122.html|archive-date=3 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Caught on camera: Samajwadi Party leader claims he got IAS officer Durga Shakti Nagpal suspended in 40 min|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/caught-on-camera-samajwadi-party-leader-claims-he-got-ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-suspended-in-4-400153|access-date=2 August 2013|publisher=NDTV|date=2 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802010947/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/caught-on-camera-samajwadi-party-leader-claims-he-got-ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-suspended-in-4-400153|archive-date=2 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Other leaders of the Samajwadi party such as [[Azam Khan (politician)|Azam Khan]] and Naresh Agarwal had issued statements supporting the suspension order.<br />
<br />
The then opposition parties in the state of Uttar Pradesh, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] accused the state government of ignoring the rule of law and protecting criminals.<ref name=ndtv398325/> The former president of the BJP [[Nitin Gadkari]] criticised the action as "...&nbsp;fanning communal and caste-based sentiments" and "harassing a good officer for [[vote bank politics]]..."<ref name="outlook-20130802">{{cite news|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=805843|title=Got IAS Durga Transferred in 41 Minutes, Boasts SP Leader|date=2 August 2013|work=OUtlook|access-date=2 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803065726/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=805843|archive-date=3 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The BJP in Uttar Pradesh asked the state's then Governor [[Banwari Lal Joshi|BL Joshi]] to intervene and revoke the suspension.<ref name=dnai1869071>{{cite news|title=IAS official's suspension: BJP seeks governor's intervention|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1869071/report-ias-official-s-suspension-bjp-seeks-governor-s-intervention|access-date=2 August 2013|newspaper=DNA India|date=2 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807000003/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1869071/report-ias-official-s-suspension-bjp-seeks-governor-s-intervention|archive-date=7 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 2 August 2013, the [[Indian National Congress]] condemned the suspension order and said that public reactions of Samajwadi Party leaders supporting the suspension order, indicated that those orders were dictated by the sand mining mafia. However, it also criticised the "arbitrary demolition" of the mosque's wall.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cong joins chorus against suspension of UP IAS|url=http://www.ptinews.com/news/3859409_Cong-joins-chorus-against-suspension-of-UP-IAS-|access-date=3 August 2013|newspaper=PTI|date=2 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803004130/http://ptinews.com/news/3859409_Cong-joins-chorus-against-suspension-of-UP-IAS-|archive-date=3 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Durga Shakti Nagpal suspended at behest of mining mafia: Congress|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/durga-shakti-nagpal-suspended-at-behest-of-mining-mafia-congress/articleshow/21554186.cms|access-date=2 August 2013|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=2 August 2013}}</ref> UPA chairperson [[Sonia Gandhi]] wrote a letter to the then Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]], demanding fair treatment of the officer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/durga-nagpal-suspension-sonia-gandhi-writes-to-pm-11578.html#a|title=Durga Nagpal suspension: Sonia Gandhi writes to PM, demands justice for IAS officer|publisher=India TV|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806020602/http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/durga-nagpal-suspension-sonia-gandhi-writes-to-pm-11578.html#a|archive-date=6 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
===State government===<br />
The Samajwadi Party government said in a statement that Nagpal was suspended for demolishing a mosque's wall and the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh [[Akhilesh Yadav]] justified the order saying that Nagpal's actions "lacked foresight and disturbed communal harmony" and she was suspended due to "administrative compulsion to ease communal tension".<ref name=indiatoday296742/><ref name=ibnlive31j13410936/><ref name="IT-20130731">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/durga-shakti-nagpal-ias-officer-demolition-mosque-wall-in-kadal-pur-greater-noida-172202-2013-07-30|title=Village fights its battle to rebuild mosque wall demolished on orders of IAS officer Durga Shakti|last=John|first=Karuna|date=31 July 2013|work=India Today|access-date=1 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801114719/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/durga-shakti-nagpal-ias-officer-demolition-mosque-wall-in-kadal-pur-greater-noida/1/297164.html|archive-date=1 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/SDM-leading-crackdown-on-illegal-mining-suspended/articleshow/21423858.cms?|title=SDM leading crackdown on illegal mining suspended|work=The Times of India}}</ref> This was later refuted by reports that the area had not reported any communal tension.<ref name=dna1869452/> The Station House Officer (SHO) of [[Rabupura]] police station said that since the demolition took place in night, most residents were not even aware of the incident.<ref>{{cite news|title=Local police nail Akhilesh's lie on IAS officer Durga Shakti's suspension|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-30/india/40894221_1_communal-tension-police-station-police-deployment|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801130237/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-30/india/40894221_1_communal-tension-police-station-police-deployment|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 August 2013|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 July 2013}}</ref> The demolition was reportedly executed in compliance to [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] orders forbidding construction of illegal religious structures on public land.<ref name="FP-20130731">{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/sp-ministers-bizarre-defence-for-suspending-ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-1000143.html|title=SP ministers' bizarre defence for suspending IAS officer Durga Shakti Nagpal|date=31 July 2013|access-date=1 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130910233553/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/sp-ministers-bizarre-defence-for-suspending-ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-1000143.html|archive-date=10 September 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The court, in a judgement passed in 2009 had ruled that "no new temples, mosques, churches and gurdwaras can be constructed on public parks, public streets and public spaces" and "the ban must be enforced even if it gave rise to a law and order problem."<ref>{{cite news|title=IAS Durga Shakti Nagpal broke no rules, suggests SC 2009 order on religious structures|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/sc-2009-order-on-religious-structures-suggests-durga-violated-no-rules/411538-37-64.html|access-date=3 August 2013|newspaper=IBN Live|date=3 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806115439/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/sc-2009-order-on-religious-structures-suggests-durga-violated-no-rules/411538-37-64.html|archive-date=6 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
According to the report on the demolition incident submitted by Ravikant Singh, [[District Magistrate]] (DM) of Gautam Buddha Nagar district to the UP government, Nagpal did not demolish a wall of any religious structure, in fact there was no religious structure in place. The construction of the wall had just begun, and on being warned by Ms. Nagpal of the structure being constructed on government land, the local residents decided to dismantle the constructed wall themselves. The report called Nagpal's actions "blemish-free".<ref>{{cite news|title=IAS officer Durga Shakti blemish-free, says DM's report|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/ias-officer-durga-shakti-blemish-free-says-dms-report/20130801.htm|access-date=2 August 2013|newspaper=Rediff|date=1 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803010115/http://www.rediff.com/news/report/ias-officer-durga-shakti-blemish-free-says-dms-report/20130801.htm|archive-date=3 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The report also says that there was no communal tension or the possibility of any clashes between religious communities.<ref name=toi40960 /> The UP government appointed a committee to verify the DM's report.<ref name="ht1101851">{{cite news|title=After IAS officer, SP leader wants DM to be punished too|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/After-IAS-officer-SP-leader-wants-DM-to-be-punished-too/Article1-1101851.aspx|access-date=2 August 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times jay|date=1 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802100316/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/After-IAS-officer-SP-leader-wants-DM-to-be-punished-too/Article1-1101851.aspx|archive-date=2 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=IAS officer Durga deserves stiffer punishment: SP leaders|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/SP-justice-leaders-want-stiffer-punishment-against-IAS-officer-Durga/Article1-1101695.aspx|access-date=2 August 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=1 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802081154/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/SP-justice-leaders-want-stiffer-punishment-against-IAS-officer-Durga/Article1-1101695.aspx|archive-date=2 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the IAS officers' association protested on 29 July, Uttar Pradesh [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] said that the suspension order would be reviewed,<ref name="ndtv398325">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/durga-s-battle-ias-officers-rally-around-suspended-officer-she-took-on-sand-mafia-398325?curl=1375087969|title=IAS officers rally around suspended officer; she took on sand mafia|publisher=NDTV|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318052512/http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/durga-s-battle-ias-officers-rally-around-suspended-officer-she-took-on-sand-mafia-398325?curl=1375087969|archive-date=18 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> but despite the assurances, no decision has been taken.<ref name=toi40960 /> After the suspension, Nagpal was attached to the Board of Revenue in [[Lucknow]], the state capital.<ref name=thehin31j13nag/><ref name=toi21498438/><br />
<br />
===Kadalpur===<br />
The residents of Kadalpur village ([[Jewar]]) however challenged the anti-corruption narrative in the media, and say that the suspension order was justified. They even threatened to protest if she is reinstated. They said that the mosque was being built on [[gram sabha]] land and they had got the [[Panchayati raj|panchayat]]'s approval, adding that they were unaware about seeking permission for it. The construction of the mosque was started in 2011, hence they questioned the delayed response of the authorities. Stressing on Nagpal's "high-handedness" and getting the police to demolish it, they said they requested more time to obtain the construction permission, which she rejected. On the District Magistrate's report to the UP government, they claimed that he did not contact them or any of the panchayat officials. They said that donations for the construction of temples and mosques were given by everyone, and they aim to re-build the mosque.<br />
<br />
[[Dhirendra Singh]], spokesperson for the Uttar Pradesh Congress party, said that the villagers were not aware of the Supreme Court rulings and it was the duty of the administration to direct them into getting permission and at least stop the construction temporarily. The majority of the villagers are Muslims and the rest are Hindus, and there is a minimal threat for communal violence there.<ref name=fp5955/><ref name="Durga Nagpal no hero in Kadalpur"/><ref name="indiatoday.intoday.in"/><br />
<br />
A month later the villagers said they felt cheated by the UP government since permission to build it was still not given; they blamed the [[Samajwadi Party]] leaders for unnecessarily punishing her. They said that the party leaders should have got them permission to build the mosque at that time, preventing this incident from happening.<ref name="Ht Rajput">{{cite news|title=Durga punished for nothing, say unhappy villagers|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Noida/Durga-punished-for-nothing-say-unhappy-villagers/Article1-1113705.aspx|access-date=30 August 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=27 August 2013|author=Vinod Rajput|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830012004/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Noida/Durga-punished-for-nothing-say-unhappy-villagers/Article1-1113705.aspx|archive-date=30 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Public-interest litigations===<br />
The suspension order of Nagpal was challenged in the [[Allahabad High Court]] on 30 July 2013 through a [[Public-interest litigation (India)|Public interest litigation]] (PIL). The petition was filed by social activist [[Nutan Thakur]] at the Lucknow bench of the court. It also requested the court to direct the central government to ask the state governments to prevent harassment of those officers who have ordered action against illegal construction of religious places, and illegal mining.<ref>{{cite news|title=PIL challenges suspension of UP IAS officer Durga Shakti Nagpal|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttar-pradesh/pil-challenges-suspension-of-up-ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal_865678.html|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=Zee News|date=31 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://newindianexpress.com/nation/Petition-seeks-recall-of-suspended-IAS-officer/2013/07/31/article1710454.ece|title=Petition seeks recall of suspended IAS officer|work=The New Indian Express|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802092947/http://newindianexpress.com/nation/Petition-seeks-recall-of-suspended-IAS-officer/2013/07/31/article1710454.ece|archive-date=2 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> On 1 August, the court ruled that the suspension is not a matter of a PIL, and the officer should directly approach the court. It however praised her work in preventing illegal sand mining and ordered both the central and the state government to report how they are tackling illegal mining and what security is being provided to the officers engaged in stopping it.<ref>{{cite news|title=HC Calls IAS Durga Brave, Refuses to Interfere in Suspension|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=805852|access-date=3 August 2013|newspaper=Outlook India|date=2 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827105902/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=805852|archive-date=27 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=toi21548465>{{cite news|title=HC refuses to interfere in IAS officer Durga Sakthi's suspension, issues notice to UP government on illegal mining|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/HC-refuses-to-interfere-in-IAS-officer-Durga-Sakthis-suspension-issues-notice-to-UP-government-on-illegal-mining/articleshow/21548465.cms|access-date=2 August 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=2 August 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 8 August, the [[Supreme Court of India]] accepted a PIL filed by an advocate M. L. Sharma. The PIL sought to dismiss all charges against Nagpal and argued that Nagpal was suffering hardship for following the court's rulings in 2009 and 2010 regarding demolition of illegal religious structures.<ref>{{cite news|title=Supreme Court agrees to hear PIL challenging suspension of Durga Shakti Nagpal on Monday|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/supreme-court-agrees-to-hear-pil-challenging-suspension-of-durga-shakti-nagpal-on-monday-402916|access-date=11 August 2013|newspaper=NDTV|date=8 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810151631/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/supreme-court-agrees-to-hear-pil-challenging-suspension-of-durga-shakti-nagpal-on-monday-402916|archive-date=10 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=IAS officer Durga Shakti Nagpal suspension contempt of court: PIL in SC|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/ias-officer-durga-shakti-nagpal-suspension-contempt-of-court-pil-in-sc/1152360|access-date=11 August 2013|newspaper=Financial Express|date=7 August 2013}}</ref> On 16 August, the court refused to accept the PIL, questioning the [[Standing (law)|standing]] of the lawyer, but saying that "it may entertain the petition if she (Nagpal) herself approaches the court."<ref>{{cite news|title=SC refuses to entertain PIL for reinstatement of Durga Nagpal|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sc-refuses-to-entertain-pil-for-reinstatement-of-durga-nagpal/article5028736.ece|access-date=16 August 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=16 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819175344/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sc-refuses-to-entertain-pil-for-reinstatement-of-durga-nagpal/article5028736.ece|archive-date=19 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Supreme Court refuses to entertain PIL for reinstatement of Durga Shakti Nagpal|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/supreme-court-refuses-to-entertain-pil-for-reinstatement-of-durga-shakti-nagpal/1156073/0|access-date=16 August 2013|newspaper=Indian Express|date=16 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822064614/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/supreme-court-refuses-to-entertain-pil-for-reinstatement-of-durga-shakti-nagpal/1156073/0|archive-date=22 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The court also sought an explanation from the UP government for arresting [[Kanwal Bharti]], a scholar who allegedly wrote a post on [[Facebook]] in support of Nagpal. The central government had passed an advisory notification based on an earlier order of the court which said that a person cannot be arrested for posting objectionable comments on social networking sites without taking permission from a high-ranking police official.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dalit writer held for FB post criticising Akhilesh, Azam over Nagpal suspension|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/dalit-writer-held-for-fb-post-criticising-akhilesh-azam-over-nagpal-suspension/1152221|access-date=7 August 2013|newspaper=Financial Express|date=7 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005022948/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/dalit-writer-held-for-fb-post-criticising-akhilesh-azam-over-nagpal-suspension/1152221|archive-date=5 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Supreme Court seeks explanation on arresting|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/supreme-court-refuses-to-entertain-pil-for-reinstatement-of-durga-shakti-nagpa/1156119/2|access-date=16 August 2013|newspaper=Financial Express|date=16 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005005308/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/supreme-court-refuses-to-entertain-pil-for-reinstatement-of-durga-shakti-nagpa/1156119/2|archive-date=5 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Intervention by central government===<br />
On 31 July, the central government said that they are awaiting a detailed report on her suspension from the state within 15 days.<ref name="thehin31j13nag">{{cite news|title=Nagpal suspension: Centre awaits report from UP govt.|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nagal-suspension-centre-awaits-report-from-up-govt/article4973816.ece|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=31 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="toi21498438">{{cite news|title=DoPT cites rules on keeping mum on suspended IAS officer Durga Shakti Nagpal's case|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/DoPT-cites-rules-on-keeping-mum-on-suspended-IAS-officer-Durga-Shakti-Nagpals-case/articleshow/21498438.cms|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=31 July 2013}}</ref> The [[Minister of State]] for Personnel [[V. Narayanasamy]], during a meeting with a delegation from All India IAS Officers' Association assured that justice will be done to Ms. Nagpal. He later assured that both version of the incident will be taken into account before reaching a decision.<ref name="ibn411289">{{cite news|title=Won't just go by UP govt's stance, will hear Durga too, assures Centre|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/wont-just-go-by-up-govts-stance-will-hear-durga-too-assures-centre/411289-3-242.html|access-date=2 August 2013|newspaper=IBN Live|date=2 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804103620/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/wont-just-go-by-up-govts-stance-will-hear-durga-too-assures-centre/411289-3-242.html|archive-date=4 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> As per the All India Services (Discipline And Appeal) Rules, 1969, the UP government cannot keep her under suspension for more than 90 days, pending disciplinary proceedings, without the consent of Central Government.<ref>[http://persmin.gov.in/Archive/Acts_Rules_Archive/AISRules_Archive/Revised_AIS_Rules_Vol_I_Updated_Upto_31Oct2010/Revised_AIS_Rule_Vol_I_Rule_12.pdf All India Services (Discipline And Appeal) Rules, 1969] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810075544/http://persmin.gov.in/Archive/Acts_Rules_Archive/AISRules_Archive/Revised_AIS_Rules_Vol_I_Updated_Upto_31Oct2010/Revised_AIS_Rule_Vol_I_Rule_12.pdf |date=10 August 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Vishwa Mohan">{{cite news|last=Mohan|first=Vishwa|title=UP cannot keep IAS officer Durga Shakti Nagpal under suspension for more than 90 days|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/UP-cannot-keep-IAS-officer-Durga-Shakti-Nagpal-under-suspension-for-more-than-90-days/articleshow/21555844.cms|access-date=2 August 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=3 August 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 5 August 2013, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said that the central government had asked the UP government to provide details of the case.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1870063/report-centre-in-touch-with-up-on-durga-shakti-nagpal-s-suspension-pm|title=Centre in touch with UP on Durga Shakti Nagpal's suspension: PM|publisher=DNA India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807170710/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1870063/report-centre-in-touch-with-up-on-durga-shakti-nagpal-s-suspension-pm|archive-date=7 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> On 19 August, associations of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) and [[Indian Forest Service]] (IFoS) met with the Secretary of [[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions#Department of Personnel and Training .28DOPT.29|Department of Personnel and Training]] (DoPT) S K Sarkar and demanded that the central government should modify the rules related to suspension of bureaucrats by state governments, as those rules were widely abused. The three associations want the central government instead of various state governments to have the authority to suspend any ''All India Services officer''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Durga's suspension: IAS, IPS, IFoS bodies demand change in rules|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/durgas-suspension-ias-ips-ifos-bodies-demand-change-in-rules/415595-3.html|access-date=19 August 2013|newspaper=IBN Live|date=19 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512214918/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/durgas-suspension-ias-ips-ifos-bodies-demand-change-in-rules/415595-3.html|archive-date=12 May 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=AIS service associations knock at govt's doors together|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/AIS-service-associations-knock-at-govt-s-doors-together/Article1-1110042.aspx|access-date=19 August 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=19 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822115356/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/AIS-service-associations-knock-at-govt-s-doors-together/Article1-1110042.aspx|archive-date=22 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 20 August, the central government decided not to intervene in the suspension of Nagpal, as she did not appeal or challenge the suspension order given by the [[Uttar Pradesh]] government. Since Nagpal's suspension on 27 July, the centre had issued three reminders to the UP government, seeking a detailed report. On 4 August, the UP government had sent a report on Nagpal's suspension to the DoPT and had served a chargesheet to Nagpal, which deemed her actions as unwarranted and in violation of rules.<ref>{{cite news|title=IAS Durga Shakti Nagpal's suspension: Centre not to intervene|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/ias-durga-shakti-nagpals-suspension-centre-not-to-intervene_870397.html|access-date=20 August 2013|newspaper=Zee News|date=20 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826080434/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/ias-durga-shakti-nagpals-suspension-centre-not-to-intervene_870397.html|archive-date=26 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.firstpost.com/wp-content/image2png.php?src=/2013/08/Mosque-wall-Naresh.jpg&width=620&height=355&quality=70&mode=fixed&form=jpg A view from behind of the under-construction mosque in Kadalpur village, which Nagpal visited and allegedly demolished]<br />
* [http://www.upsc.gov.in/ Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), India]<br />
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{{Scams and confidence tricks}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Nagpal, Durga Shakti}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1985 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]<br />
[[Category:Indian government officials]]<br />
[[Category:People from Agra]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian women]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian women civil servants]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian civil servants]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ravivarma_of_Kadamba&diff=530044Ravivarma of Kadamba2026-01-28T11:42:15Z<p>Priyupranav: Starting A Stub Needs Work - done</p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name = Ravivarma<br />
| title = '''Dharmamahārājadhirāja'''<br />
| image =<br />
| caption = <br />
| succession = King of the [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadamba Kingdom]]<br />
| reign = c. 497- 537 CE<br />
| predecessor = [[Mrigeshavarma]]<br />
| successor = [[Harivarma]]<br />
| spouse = <br />
| issue = <br />
| house = [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadamba]]<br />
| father = [[Mrigeshavarma]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Banavasi Kadamba Kings Infobox}}<br />
'''Ravivarma ''' {{Circa|497}} was king from [[Kadamba dynasty]] and son of [[Mrigeshavarma]].<ref name="T">{{cite journal |last1=T |first1=Dr.Manjanna |title=Kadambas of Banavasi – The First Empire of Karnataka |journal=International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews |date=2015 |volume=2 |issue=1 |url=https://www.ijrar.org/papers/IJRAR19D2840.pdf |access-date=7 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cecil |first1=Elizabeth A. |last2=Gomes |first2=Mekhola |title=Kāma at the Kadamba Court: The Guḍnāpur Pillar Inscription of Ravivarman as a Text-Monument |journal=Indo-Iranian Journal |date=2021 |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=10–50 |doi=10.1163/15728536-06401007 |jstor=27072991 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27072991 |issn=0019-7246|doi-access=free }}</ref>{{sfn|Karashima|2014|p=369}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sankalia |first1=H. D. |last2=Dikshit |first2=M. G. |title=A UNIQUE VI CENTURY INSCRIBED SATI STELE: From SANGSI, KOLHAPUR STATE |journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute |date=1948 |volume=9 |issue=1/2 |pages=161–166 |jstor=42929415 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42929415 |issn=0045-9801}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Ravivarma was the son of [[Mrigeshavarma]] and [[Prabhavati]] of the [[Kekaya|Kekaya family]].{{sfn|Moraes|1931|p=31}}{{r|T|p=737}} Following the reign of Kakusthavarma, he (c. 485–519) succeeded in restoring the kingdom to its former strength during a long and eventful rule. Inscriptions from his reign, spanning the fifth to the thirty-fifth regnal years, provide detailed accounts of his achievements, which included both internal family disputes and military campaigns against the [[Pallavas]] and the [[Western Ganga dynasty|Gangas]]. He is also credited with a victory over the [[Vakataka dynasty#Alternative source for the dynasty's decline|Vakatakas]].{{r|T|p=737}} A [[Mahadev Temple, Tambdi Surla|Mahadeva temple]] constructed during his reign is mentioned in a contemporary [[Greek History|Greek account]]. According to the Gudnapur inscription, he successfully subdued smaller rulers such as the Punnatas, Alupas, Kongalvas, and the Pandyas of Uchangi.{{r|T|p=737}} He was succeeded by his son [[Harivarma]].{{sfn|Moraes|1931|p=50}}<br />
<br />
His land grants to Mahadeva temple on request of Nilakantha, his royal physician, is mentioned in Sirsi grant records.{{sfn|Shrimali|1992|pp=152-153}}<br />
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==Extent of the Kingdom==<br />
{{Main|Vakataka dynasty#Alternative source for the dynasty's decline}}<br />
The [[Davanagere]] copper plates of Kadamba king Ravivarma, dated 519 CE, provide evidence of the wide-ranging suzerainty he exercised during his reign (c. 485–519 CE). According to historian [[Dineshchandra Sircar|D. C. Sircar]], these records indicate that Ravivarma’s authority extended across much of South India, from the Narmada River in the north to the [[Kaveri|Kaveri river]] near [[Talakadu|Talakad]], the capital of the [[Western Ganga dynasty|Western Ganga]], in the south. The inscriptions suggest that the people of these regions recognized his protection. This evidence implies that during his rule, probably sometime after 500 CE, the Kadambas successfully conquered the Vakataka kingdom and incorporated it into their territory.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Visaria |first=Anish |title=Search, Seek, and Discover Jain Literature. |url=https://jainqq.org/ |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=JaineLibrary - jainqq.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sircar |first=Dinesh Chandra |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.56617 |title=Epigraphia Indica Vol.33 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |year=1959 |pages=134–140}}</ref>{{r|T|p=737}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
===Citations===<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
===Sources===<br />
* {{citation |last=Karashima |first=Noboru |title=A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-809977-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fpdVoAEACAAJ }}<br />
* {{citation |last=Moraes |first=George M. |authorlink=George M. Moraes |year=1931 |title=The Kadamba Kula, A History of Ancient and Medieval Karnataka |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.22295 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=81-206-0595-0 }}<br />
* {{citation |last=Shrimali |first=K M |title=Proceedings Of The Indian History Congress 52nd Session |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.170000 |publisher=Amrit Printing Works |location=New Delhi |year=1992 }}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kadamba kings]]<br />
[[Category:5th-century Indian monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:6th-century Indian monarchs]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vikram_Batra&diff=465436Vikram Batra2026-01-26T08:32:41Z<p>Priyupranav: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian Army officer, recipient of Param Vir Chakra (1974–1999)}}<br />
{{pp|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox military person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]]<br />
| name = Vikram Batra<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=IND|PVC}}<br />
| image = Vikram Batra PVC.jpg<br />
| caption = Official military portrait, 1997<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1974|9|9}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Palampur, Himachal Pradesh]], India<br />
| death_place = [[Kargil district|Kargil]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|1999|7|7|1974|9|9|df=yes}}<br />
| branch = {{army|India}}<br />
| serviceyears = 1997–1999<br />
| servicenumber = IC-57556H<br />
| rank = [[File:Captain of the Indian Army.svg|15px]] [[Army ranks and insignia of India#Officers|Captain]]<br />
| awards = {{flagicon image|Param-Vir-Chakra-ribbon.svg|20px]}} [[Param Vir Chakra]]<br />
| unit = [[Jammu and Kashmir Rifles|13 Jammu And Kashmir Rifle]]<br />
| allegiance = {{flag|India|name=India}}<br />
| alma_mater = {{unbulletedlist|[[DAV College, Chandigarh|DAV College]]|[[Indian Military Academy]]}}<br />
| battles = {{tree list}}<br />
* [[Kargil War]] <br />
** [[Battle of point 5140|Battle of Point 5140]]<br />
** [[Battle of Point 4875]]{{KIA}}<br />
{{tree list/end}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] '''Vikram Batra''' [[Param Vir Chakra|PVC]] (9 September 1974 – 7 July 1999) was an [[Indian Army]] [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]]. He was posthumously awarded the [[Param Vir Chakra]], [[Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces|India’s highest military decoration]], for his actions during the [[Kargil War]]. On 7 July 1999, Batra was killed while fighting Pakistani troops at [[Battle of Point 4875|Point 4875]] in the [[Kargil district]] of erstwhile [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
Batra was born on 9 September 1974 in [[Palampur]], Himachal Pradesh to a [[Punjabi Hindu]] [[Khatri]] family.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandel |first=Vedant |date=26 July 2024 |title=Letters, lore & a Yamaha RX100: Capt Vikram Batra's memories live on |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/letters-lore-a-yamaha-rx100-capt-vikram-batra-s-memories-live-on-101721939854424.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=21 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lalwani |first1=Vickey |date=21 August 2021 |title=Captain Vikram Batra's Parents' Interview: On Son, Dimple Cheema, Siddharth Malhotra, Kiara Advani and 'Shershaah': "Our son wanted to do something in life" - Exclusive! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/captain-vikram-batras-parents-interview-on-son-dimple-cheema-siddharth-malhotra-kiara-advani-and-shershaah-our-son-wanted-to-do-something-in-life-exclusive/articleshow/85514553.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=21 May 2025}}</ref> He was the third child of Girdhari Lal Batra, a government school principal, and Kamal Kanta Batra, a school teacher. The older of twin sons, he was born fourteen minutes before his brother, Vishal. The twins were nicknamed: '[[Lava (Ramayana)|Luv]]' (Vikram) and '[[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kush]]' (Vishal), after the twin sons of the Hindu deity [[Rama]], by their mother who was a professed devotee of Rama.{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=21}} He had two sisters: Seema and Nutan.{{sfn|Batra|2016|pp=19–21}} As a young child, Batra received his primary education under the tutelage of his mother.{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=22}}{{sfn|Batra|2017}} He received his Primary Education at GPS Tikri-Mushehra (Chauntra-1) in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh. He then attended the D.A.V. Public School in Palampur, where he studied up to [[Middle school#India|middle standard]].{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=22}} He received his [[Education in India#Secondary education|senior secondary education]] at [[Kendriya Vidyalaya|Central School]] in Palampur.{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=22}}{{sfn|Batra|2017}}<br />
<br />
Besides his academic endeavours, Batra also dabbled in a variety of sports at his school, which he represented at the national level during the Youth Parliamentary competitions in Delhi. He also represented his school and college in table tennis, Karate and other such sports. In 1990, he and his twin brother represented their school in table tennis at All India [[Kendriya Vidyalaya|KVS]] Nationals.{{sfn|Batra|2016|pp=24–26}}{{sfn|Batra|2017}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|pp=266–267}}{{sfn|Rediff|2000}} He also was a green belt holder in Karate and went on to attend a national level camp in [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]].{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=24}}<br />
<br />
After completing his [[Twelfth grade#India|Class XII]] board examinations in 1992 from Central School, he attended [[DAV College, Chandigarh]] in [[Bachelor of Medical Sciences#India|B.Sc Medical Sciences]].{{sfn|Batra|2017}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=24}} At college, he joined the Air Wing of the [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]] (NCC) while he was in his first year.{{sfn|Kapur|2015}} During the Inter-State NCC Camp, he was adjudged the best NCC Air Wing cadet of Punjab Directorate in North Zone.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=267}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=33}} He was selected and underwent a 40-day paratrooping training with his NCC Air Wing unit at Pinjore Airfield and Flying Club, about 35 kilometres away from Chandigarh.{{sfn|Batra|2017}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=28}} During the next two years in DAV, he remained a cadet of the Army Wing of NCC.{{sfn|Kapur|2015}} In addition, he was the president of the Youth Service Club of his college.{{sfn|Kapur|2015}}<br />
<br />
He afterward qualified for the 'C' certificate in the NCC and attained the rank of [[Under officer#India|Senior Under Officer]] in his NCC unit.{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=33}} Subsequently, in 1994, he was selected and took part in the [[Delhi Republic Day parade|Republic Day parade]] as an NCC cadet, and when he came back home, he told his parents that he wanted to join the Army.{{sfn|Rediff|2000}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|pp=29, 33}} His maternal grandfather was also a soldier in the Indian Army.{{sfn|Rediff|2000}} In 1995, while still in college, he was selected for the [[merchant navy]] at a shipping company headquartered in Hong Kong, but ultimately he changed his mind, aspiring to do "something great, something extraordinary, which may bring fame to my country."{{sfn|Batra|2017}}{{sfn|Rediff|2000}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=29}} That same year he completed his bachelor's degree, graduating from the DAV College in Chandigarh.{{sfn|Banerjee|2002}}<br />
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Following completion of his bachelor's degree in 1995, he enrolled at [[Panjab University]] in Chandigarh, where he took admission in [[Master of Arts|MA]] English course, so that he could prepare for the [[Combined Defence Services Examination|Combined Defence Services]] (CDS) Examination.{{sfn|Kapur|2015}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=267}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|pp=33–35}} He attended evening classes at the university and worked part-time in the morning as a branch manager of a travelling agency in Chandigarh.{{sfn|Kapur|2015}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=33}}<br />
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In 1996, he passed the CDS examination and subsequently received a call for an interview at the [[Services Selection Board]] (SSB) at [[Allahabad]] and was selected.{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=35}} He was among the top 35 candidates in the Order of Merit.{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=35}} After completing a year (session 1995–96) towards the degree of [[Master of Arts|MA]] in English, he left the university to join the [[Indian Military Academy]].{{sfn|Banerjee|2002}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=272}}<br />
<br />
== Military career ==<br />
[[File:2012 IMA POP.jpg|thumb|right|[[Indian Military Academy]] ]]<br />
[[File:Captain Vikram Batra.jpg|thumb|right|Bust of Captain Vikram Batra at the [[National War Memorial Southern Command|National War Memorial, Pune]]]]<br />
Batra joined the [[Indian Military Academy]] (IMA) at Dehradun, in June 1996 in the Manekshaw Battalion.{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=36}} After completing his 19-month training course, he graduated from the IMA on 6 December 1997 and was commissioned as a lieutenant into the Indian Army.{{sfn|Batra|2016|pp=36–43}} He was commissioned into the 13th battalion of the [[Jammu and Kashmir Rifles]] (13 JAK Rif). After commissioning, he was sent to [[Jabalpur]], Madhya Pradesh for regimental training. The training lasted one month, from December 1997 to the end of January 1998.{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=44}}<br />
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On completion of this training he got his first posting at [[Sopore]] in [[Baramulla district]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], an area with significant [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|militant activity]].{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=44}} In mid-March 1998, he was sent to the Infantry School at [[Mhow]], Madhya Pradesh, where young Army officers are trained, for the Young Officer's Course. This training lasted five months until September 1998. Following completion of the course and being awarded alpha grading, he joined his battalion in Sopore in October 1998.{{sfn|Batra|2017}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=44}}<br />
<br />
During his posting in Sopore, Batra had several encounters with militants. In one of those encounters when Batra was leading an ambush with his [[platoon]] into an area of dense forest, he escaped when bullet fired by a militant grazed his shoulder and struck one of Batra's men behind him, who was killed. Batra ordered his men to fire on the militants, and by morning all of the militants were killed.{{sfn|Batra|2016|pp=45–46}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=275}} He believed that the bullet was meant for him and not his colleague.{{sfn|Masih|2004}}<br />
<br />
In January 1999, Batra was sent on a Commando Course at [[Belgaum]], Karnataka. The course lasted for two months and at the end of it, he was awarded the highest grading — the Instructor's Grade.{{sfn|Batra|2016|pp=46–47}}<br />
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Every time when he came home to Palampur on leave, he would visit the Neugal Cafe.{{sfn|Masih|2004}} Batra last came home on leave from the army in 1999, during the [[Holi]] festival for a few days.{{sfn|NCERT|2016|p=127}}{{sfn|Masih|2004}}{{sfn|Karmakar et al.|2009}}<br />
[[File:Drass and Tololing Range.jpg|thumb|right|The town of [[Dras]], the second coldest inhabited place in the world after [[Siberia]], where temperatures fall as low as −60 degrees Celsius in winter.{{sfn|Dutt|2000|p=306}}{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=18}}]]<br />
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After his leave, he returned to join his battalion in Sopore.{{sfn|Masih|2004}} The 13 JAK Rif, after completing its counter-insurgency operations tenure in Kashmir under 192 Mountain Brigade of 8 Mountain Division, received orders to proceed to [[Shahjahanpur]], Uttar Pradesh. The battalion's advance party under Major [[Yogesh Kumar Joshi]] had reached its destination, when on 5 June, because of the outbreak of the war, its deployment orders were changed and the battalion received orders to move to [[Dras]].{{sfn|Rawat|2014|pp=263, 267}}{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=223}}<br />
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Batra informed his parents about his movement and assured them they need not worry about him.{{sfn|Masih|2004}}{{sfn|Batra|2016|p=52}} He would call his parents at least once in ten days.{{sfn|Masih|2004}} The last phone call he made was on 29 June 1999. This was the last time that Batra spoke to his mother.{{sfn|Masih|2004}}<br />
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Beginning his service as a lieutenant, he rose to the rank of [[captain (land)|Captain]].{{sfn|Masih|2004}}<br />
<br />
== Awards and decorations ==<br />
Based on Captain Vikram Batra's service, these awards have been estimated, Captain Batra was never seen wearing these ribbons across the internet.<br />
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
|Colspan=4|[[File:Param-Vir-Chakra-ribbon.svg|105x105px]] [[File:IND_Operation_Vijay_star.svg|105x105px]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="4" |<br />
[[File:IND_Special_Service_Medal_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]] [[File:IND_Operation_Vijay_medal.svg|105x105px]] [[File:IND_50th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg|105x105px]]<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
| colspan="2" |[[Param Vir Chakra]]<br />
| colspan="2" |[[Operation Vijay Star]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Special Service Medal (India)|Special Service Medal]]<br />
| colspan="2" |[[Operation Vijay Medal]]<br />
|[[50th Independence Anniversary Medal]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Kargil War ==<br />
{{main|Kargil War}}<br />
[[File:Kargil War Memorial, Kargil.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kargil War Memorial]] with Tololing Ranges in the background at Dras]]<br />
<br />
Batra's battalion, the 13 Jammu and Kashmir Rifles (13 JAK Rif), reached Dras on 6 June, and was placed under the command of 56 Mountain Brigade, and was given orders to act as reserves to the 2nd battalion of the [[Rajputana Rifles]] (2 Raj Rif) during their attack on [[Battle of Tololing|Tololing]] mountain.{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=223}} The 18th battalion of [[The Grenadiers]] (18 Grenadiers) first attacked Tololing on 22 May, but were unable to capture the peak.{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=158}}{{sfn|Dutt|2000|p=226}}{{sfn|Marston|2008|p=151}} 18 Grenadiers made four attempts to capture Tololing,{{sfn|Malik|2006|pp=158–161}}{{sfn|Dutt|2000|pp=226–227}} but could only succeed in securing the lower slopes,{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=160}}{{sfn|Singh|2014|p=132}} while suffering heavy casualties.{{sfn|Dutt|2000|pp=226–227}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|pp=267–268}} Eventually, 2 Raj Rif was assigned the mission of capturing Tololing and they did so on 13 June 1999.{{sfn|Marston|2008|p=151}}<br />
<br />
After the capture of Tololing, 13 JAK Rif marched from Dras to Tololing, reaching their destination in 12 hours.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=268}} Upon reaching, Alpha company of 13 JAK Rif took over Tololing and a portion of the Hump Complex from 18 Grenadiers.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=268}}<br />
<br />
===Capture of Point 5140===<br />
{{Main article|Battle of point 5140}}<br />
<br />
Batra's battalion was tasked with capturing the point 5140 on 17 June 1999.{{sfn|The Tribune|1999}}{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=223}} After the capture of Rocky Knob, located at the base of Point 5140 and about 800 metres away,{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=163}}{{sfn|Singh|2001|p=175}} The battalion's commanding officer, Joshi, fell back to Tololing, and started planning for their next objective — Point 5140.{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=225}}{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=164}}<br />
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On 18 June, the battalion carried out a detailed reconnaissance of Point 5140. Vikram Batra was put in charge of the delta company of the battalion.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=268}}{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=226}} During the briefing, Vikram chose the words "[[Yeh Dil Mange More!]]" (This heart wants more! — from a popular advertising slogan of [[Pepsi]]) as his success signal for his company.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=121}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=268}}{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=226}}{{sfn|Jaffrelot|2008|p=274}} [[D-Day (military term)|D-Day]] was set for 19 June, and H-Hour at 20:30.{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=226}}{{efn|H-Hour is the time at which an assault begins{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=162}}}}<br />
<br />
Under the cover of artillery fire, the two assault companies began climbing Point 5140 after midnight on 20 June.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=121}}{{sfn|The Tribune|1999}} The artillery at Hump Complex had already begun its preparatory bombardment of Point 5140.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=269}} The artillery guns stopped firing when the companies were 100&nbsp;metres from their target.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=39}}<br />
<br />
By 0315 hours, both B and D Companies had reached the vicinity of Point 5140.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=121}} B company reached the top of the feature first and assaulted from the left flank.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=121}} By 0330 hours, B company had captured its objective,{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=226}} and at 0335 hours Jamwal radioed his command post, saying the words "Oh! Yeah, yeah, yeah!"{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=121}}<br />
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Batra decided to approach the hill from the rear,{{sfn|Masih|2004}} aiming to surprise the enemy,{{sfn|NCERT|2016|p=125}} and to cut off their withdrawal route.{{sfn|Francis|2013|p=106}} Batra fired three rockets towards the bunkers on the east side of the feature, before attacking them.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}} He and his men ascended the sheer rock-cliff, but as the group neared the top, the enemy pinned them on the face of the bare cliff with machine gun fire.{{sfn|Francis|2013|p=106}} Batra, along with five of his men, climbed up and after reaching the top, hurled two grenades at the machine gun post.{{sfn|Francis|2013|p=106}}{{sfn|Karmakar et al.|2009}} Batra then killed three enemy soldiers single-handedly in close combat.{{sfn|Francis|2013|p=106}}{{sfn|Karmakar et al.|2009}} He was seriously injured in the process,{{sfn|Francis|2013|p=106}}{{sfn|Karmakar et al.|2009}} but insisted on regrouping his men to continue with the mission.{{sfn|Francis|2013|p=106}} He continued to lead his troops, and then charged at the next enemy position, capturing Point 5140.{{sfn|Francis|2013|p=106}} In all its actions, his company killed at least eight Pakistani intruders and recovered a heavy anti-aircraft machine gun.{{sfn|Batra|2017}} The remaining enemy soldiers fled.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}}<br />
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At 0435 hours, Batra radioed his command post, saying the words "Yeh dil mange more!".{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}} Considerable quantities{{Vague|date=November 2021}} of arms and ammunition were recovered from the feature. The captured munitions indicated the enemy's strength was about a platoon.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}} Neither B or D companies suffered any casualties in the battle.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=270}}{{sfn|Rathore|2016|p=74}} The capture of Point 5140 set in motion a string of successes, such as the captures of Point 5100, Point 4700, Junction Peak and the Three Pimple Complex.<br />
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After the capture of Point 5140, Batra was promoted to the rank of [[Captain (armed forces)|captain]].{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=273}} General [[Ved Prakash Malik]], the then [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of Army Staff]], called to congratulate him. All across the nation, his triumph was being played out on television screens.{{sfn|Masih|2004}}<br />
<br />
On 26 June, shortly after the capture of Point 5140, 13 JAK Rif was ordered to move from Dras to Ghumri to rest, refit, and recoup.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=270}} The battalion then moved to [[Mushkoh Valley]] on 30 June.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}}<br />
<br />
===Capture of Point 4875===<br />
{{Main article|Battle of point 4875}}<br />
<br />
The next assignment for Batra's battalion was to capture the Point 4875{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}} On 1 July 1999, Major S Vijay Bhaskar, 'A' Company commander and Lt. Col. Joshi, commanding officer of the 13 JAK Rifles, conducted their preliminary reconnaissance, after climbing to a vantage point, and formulated an attack plan.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}} Subsequently, on 2 July, General Officer Commanding 8 Mountain Division, Major General Mohinder Puri and Brigadier Rajesh Kumar Kakkar Commander 79 Mountain Brigades and Lt Col Y.K. Joshi, Commanding Officer 13 JAK Rifles gathered at 79 Mountain Brigades headquarters, to discuss the plan.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}}<br />
<br />
The battalion was deployed to [[Fire support base|firebase]], located in a defiladed area, approximately 1500 metres from the Point 4875. Over the two days, on 2 and 3 July, weapons carriers from the 13 JAK Rifles and 28 [[Rashtriya Rifles]] dumped ammunition and heavy weapons.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=122}}<br />
<br />
At 1800 hours that same day, artillery bombardment of the enemy positions on Point 4875 commenced,{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}} and continued throughout the whole night.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=180}} At 2030 hours, under cover of artillery fire, 'A' and 'C' Companies began climbing the Point 4875.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}}{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=181}} Captain Vikram Batra was lying in a sleeping bag near the Mushkoh nullah, and was down with fever and fatigue. His commanding officer had ordered him to rest even though his battalion, 13 JAK Rifles, had launched its attack on Point 4875.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=179}}{{sfn|Bhattacharya|2014|p=140}}<br />
<br />
Both the assault companies were leading the offensive from the right flank but the attack was also halted by very effective sniper fire and small arms from Pakistani soldiers hiding behind rocks.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=181}}<br />
<br />
At 0430 hours, the two companies deployed their [[Automatic firearm|automatic weapons]] and began to fire at the well-fortified enemy positions at the top of the feature.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}} At around 1015 hours on 5 July, the commanding officer of 'C' company informed the battalion commander about their situation which prompted Lt Col Joshi to personally fire two [[9K111 Fagot|Fagot]] missiles in quick succession from the fire base which neutralised the enemy position.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}}{{sfn|Singh|2001|p=184}} The Indian troops then promptly began advancing again.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}}{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=181}} By 1300 hours, these troops had captured Point 4875.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}} They then consolidated their hold on Point 4875, however the Indian troops continued to receive enemy artillery and machine-gun fire from Pimple 2 and area North of Point 4875.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=123}}{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=278}}<br />
<br />
The Indian victory would not have been complete without the capture of 'Area Flat Top',{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=183}} an adjacent peak and part of enemy defences on Point 4875.{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=178}} The 13 JAK Rifles had captured Flat top feature of Point 4875 on the afternoon of 5 July after a fierce battle with Pakistani forces.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=183}}{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=179}} But the enemy launched an immediate counterattack to take back the Area Flat Top they had lost. Capt NA Nagappa held the Area flat top against the counterattacking Pakistani force.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=184}} Capt Nagappa was seriously injured and incapacitated during this battle.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=184}} Taking advantage of this situation, the Pakistanis started climbing faster.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=184}}{{sfn|Rathore|2016|p=103}}<br />
<br />
Batra, who was observing the situation from base, went to his commanding officer and volunteered.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=185}} Seeing him unwell, the commanding officer did not want him to go but Batra insisted on it.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=185}} That same day, the enemy launched a second counterattack on Flat Top and although the Indian troops succeeded in beating back this, too, they urgently needed reinforcements.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=185}} Several of his battalion's soldiers volunteered to accompany Batra even before any Company could be ordered.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=185}}<br />
<br />
Just before leaving, Batra along with the 25 men of his Delta Company, who were to accompany him, prayed at the Durga Mata temple.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=273}}{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=185}} It was pitch black night when they began the climb.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|pp=185–186}} Having heard a wireless message from the base that Sher Shah (Batra's code name) was coming, a cheer went up among the Indian soldiers on top. The commander ordered them to hold their ground until Sher Shah arrived and then he would take over.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=185}}<br />
<br />
Batra, who was still recovering from his own wounds he received in the battle of Point 5140, wanted to reach the top to rescue his fellow soldiers and carry out reconnaissance of the ledge where the enemy soldiers were.{{sfn|Rathore|2016|p=103}}{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=186}} En route to the top, Batra spotted a Pakistani machine gun position firing at the trapped Indian soldiers. Crouching, he moved toward the machine gun position, hiding behind rocks whenever possible. As he reached close to the enemy's machine gun position he lobbed a grenade, destroying the machine gun position.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=186}} Before first light on the 7th, the troops succeeded in knocking out two more enemy machine guns, however, firing from the ledge continued.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=186}} Batra's platoon soon reached the ledge, though by this time it was broad daylight.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|pp=186–187}}<br />
<br />
At 0530 hours Lt. Col. Joshi spoke to Batra and asked him to reconnoitre the area.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=274}} Batra, accompanied by Subedar Raghunath Singh and Major Bhat, his artillery observation officer, took out a patrol to recce a route to re-inforce Naveen from a flank.{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=279}} Batra located the position of the enemy sangar on the ledge from which enemy machine guns were holding up the advance of his company.{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=279}} At this juncture, Batra, realising there was no way from the left or right, decided to make a direct assault in daylight itself.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=274}} Under heavy fire from enemy machine guns and grenade firing launchers, Batra moved forward, screaming the battle cry of [[Jammu & Kashmir Rifles|JAK RIF]] – ''Durga mata ki jai'',{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=187}} and charged the sangar firing incessantly from his [[AK-47]]. He sustained grievous injuries in the process, yet he continued his charge, with supporting fire from the rest of the patrol, and upon reaching the very narrow entrance of the sangar and taking the enemy by complete surprise, he killed 5 Pakistani soldiers in a [[Close quarters combat|close-quarter battle]].{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=274}}{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=279}}{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=187}}{{sfn|Malik|2006|p=180}}{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=124}} The attack resulted in seven Pakistani soldiers killed{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=187}} after which the Indians gained a foothold on the ledge.{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=274}} Taken by surprise by the attack, Pakistanis started retreating. Batra and his men had gained the upper hand by now.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=187}} Batra pulled out a bleeding Naveen from the bunker.<ref>{{Cite web|title=This Kargil War Veteran Recalls How Captain Vikram Batra Saved His Life Before Getting Martyred|first=Taniya |last=Firoz Khan|date=27 July 2021 |url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/news/kargil-war-veteran-recalls-how-captain-vikram-batra-saved-his-life-before-getting-martyred/|publisher=scoopwhoop|access-date=27 July 2021}}</ref> However, there was still an enemy machine gun nest in action on that ledge that had to be silenced. Four Pakistani soldiers including a [[junior commissioned officer]] (JCO), who was guiding the fire on the Indian soldiers fighting outside, were manning the machine gun nest. Batra charged forward alone, killing all four members of the crew.{{sfn|Sawant|2000|p=187}}<br />
<br />
Batra realised one of his men had been shot. He resolved to evacuate him with Subedar Raghunath Singh. Batra exposed himself to enemy fire to drag the injured soldier to safety, and in the process was shot in the chest by an enemy sniper from very close range, and a split-second later, by a splinter from an [[Rocket-propelled grenade|RPG]] which hit him in the head.{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=124}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=275}}{{sfn|Singh|2001|p=185}} Batra collapsed next to the injured soldier, succumbing to the fatal wounds.{{sfn|Bammi|2002|p=279}}{{sfn|Rawat|2014|p=275}}<br />
<br />
== Param Vir Chakra ==<br />
[[File:President K. R. Narayanan presenting the Param Vir Chakra (posthumous) to the father of Captain Vikram Batra, 13 Jammu and Kashmir Rifles.jpg|thumb|right|President [[K. R. Narayanan]] presenting the [[Param Vir Chakra]] (posthumous) to the father of Captain Vikram Batra, 13 Jammu and Kashmir Rifles.]]<br />
Vikram Batra was awarded the [[Param Vir Chakra]], India's highest military honour on 15 August 1999, the 52nd anniversary of India's independence. His father G.L. Batra received the honour for his deceased son from the President of India, the late [[K. R. Narayanan]].{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|p=125}}<br />
<br />
The Param Vir Chakra citation reads as follows:<br />
{{Reduced pull quote |width=25em |quote=<br />
{{center|'''CITATION'''<br/><br />
'''CAPTAIN VIKRAM BATRA'''<br/> <br />
'''13 JAMMU AND KASHMIR RIFLES (IC 57556)'''}}<br />
During 'Operation Vijay', on 20 June 1999, Captain Vikram Batra, Commander Delta Company was tasked to attack Point 5140. Captain Batra with his company skirted around the feature from the East and maintaining surprise reached within assaulting distance of the enemy. Captain Batra reorganised his column and motivated his men to physically assault the enemy positions. Leading from the front, he in a daredevil assault, pounced on the enemy and killed four of them in a hand-to hand fight. On 7 July 1999, in another operation in the area Pt 4875, his company was tasked to clear a narrow feature with sharp cuttings on either side and heavily fortified enemy defences that covered the only approach to it. For speedy operation, Captain Batra assaulted the enemy position along a narrow ridge and engaged the enemy in a fierce hand –to-hand fight and killed five enemy soldiers at point blank range. Despite sustaining grave injuries, he crawled towards the enemy and hurled grenades clearing the position with utter disregard to his personal safety, leading from the front, he rallied his men and pressed on the attack and achieved a near impossible military task in the face of heavy enemy fire. The officer, however, succumbed to his injuries. Inspired by his daredevil act, his troops fell upon the enemy with vengeance, annihilated them and captured Point 4875.<br />
<br />
Captain Vikram Batra, thus, displayed the most conspicuous personal bravery and leadership of the highest order in the face of the enemy and made the supreme sacrifice in the highest traditions of the Indian Army.|author=Gazette of India Notification: No. 16 – Press/2000|source=<ref name=Gov>{{citation|url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmPhotoGalleryWithMenuWithTitle.aspx?MnId=Vc34cGvaGXOG98pJ8maiqQ==&ParentID=732jsEspEIRftsR/q2T4ew==|title=Param Vir Chakra|publisher=Official Website of the Indian Army}}</ref>{{sfn|Cardozo|2003|pp=124–125}} }}<br />
<br />
==In popular culture==<br />
*In the 2003 Hindi film, ''[[LOC: Kargil]]'', based on the entire [[Kargil War|Kargil conflict]], [[Abhishek Bachchan]] played Batra. It was directed by [[J. P. Dutta]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/dec/24abhishek.htm|title=My life is insignificant|access-date=4 March 2017|work=Rediff.com|date=December 2003}}</ref><br />
*In the 2021 Hindi film, ''[[Shershaah]]'', [[Sidharth Malhotra]] played Batra. It was directed by [[Vishnuvardhan (director)|Vishnuvardhan]] .<ref>{{cite news|title=Kargil martyr Vikram Batra's brother on his biopic: I hope Sidharth Malhotra does justice to Vikram|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kargil-martyr-vikram-batra-s-brother-on-his-biopic-i-hope-sidharth-malhotra-does-justice-to-vikram/story-FHKGDONGTqRVdoHgmPTi7L.html|access-date=17 July 2019|work=Hindustan Times|date=5 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=कैप्टन विक्रम बत्रा की बराबरी करने कम हील वाले शूज पहनेंगे सिद्धार्थ,फिल्म के लिए ले रहे हार्ड ट्रेनिंग|trans-title =Siddharth will wear low-heeled shoes to match Captain Vikram Batra, taking hard training for the film|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/bollywood/news/sidharth-malhotra-will-wear-short-heeled-shoes-to-match-captain-vikram-batra-01595633.html|access-date=17 July 2019|work=Dainik Bhaskar|date=16 July 2019|language=hi}}</ref><br />
*A [[biography]] [[graphic novel]] titled ''Capt. Vikram Batra, PVC “Ye Dil Mange Moore!”'' by Aditya Horizons written by Aditya Bakshi and drawn by Pradeep Yadav in 2008<ref>{{cite book|last=Bakshi|first=Aditya|title= Capt. Vikram Batra, PVC "Ye Dil Maange More!"PVC|date=2008 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HMaeSQAACAAJ|publisher=Aditya Horizons|isbn=9788187108450|access-date=29 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bisht |first1=Gaurav |date=7 February 2008 |title=Kargil hero immortalised in war comic |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/kargil-hero-immortalised-in-war-comic/story-KUluuhHZISGHguUg7DlmBJ.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=6 August 2022}}</ref><br />
*A [[graphic novel]] titled ''Param Vir Chakra by Amar Chitra Katha'' dedicated their last story written by Sanjana Kapur and drawn by Durgesh Velhal in 2015<ref>{{cite book|last=Puri|first=Reena|title=Param Vir Chakra|date=April 1971 |url=https://us.amarchitrakatha.com/products/param-vir-chakra?srsltid=AfmBOoqWTSyUiI7Eg2DFYy6uviDWA_GL1zCjrXvBMIo1-wpCmS6UZKg7|publisher=Amar Chitra Katha|pages=229–243|isbn=9789350858424|access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref><br />
*A [[biography]] titled ''Param Vir - Vikram Batra'' by Times Group Books written by his father G. L Batra in 2016{{sfn|Batra|2016}}<br />
*A [[graphic novel]] titled ''Param Vir Chakra Vikram Batra'' by Roli Books written by [[Ian Cardozo]] and drawn by Rishi Kumar in 2019<ref>{{cite book|last=Cardozo|first=Ian|title=Param Vir Chakra Vikram Batra|date=2019 |url=https://rolibooks.com/product/param-vir-chakra-vikram-batra/|publisher=Lotus|isbn=9788194110996|access-date=27 December 2024}}</ref><br />
*A [[biography]] titled ''The Shershah of Kargil Captain Vikram Batra, PVC'' by Natraj Publishers written by Deepak Surana in 2019<ref>{{cite book|last=Surana|first=Deepak|title=The Shershaah of Kargil Captain Vikram Batra, PVC|date=2019 |url=https://natrajbooks.in/product/shershah-of-kargil-captain-vikram-batra-pvc/|publisher=Natraj Publishers|isbn=9788181583147|access-date=27 December 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
[[File:Captain Vikram Batra statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Vikram Batra's statue at ''Param Yodha Sthal'', [[National War Memorial (India)|National War Memorial]], New Delhi]]<br />
[[File:A memorial for war veterans including Capt. Vikram Batra at DAV College, Chandigarh, India (2015).jpg|thumb|right|A memorial for war veterans including Batra at his alma mater [[DAV College, Chandigarh|DAV College]], Chandigarh.]] [[File:Vikrambatramess.jpg|thumb|Vikram Batra Mess at the [[Indian Military Academy]].|left]]<br />
[[File:Relief Vikram Batra.jpg|thumb|Relief of Vikram Batra at [[Balidan Stambh]], Jammu]]<br />
Vikram Batra is also well known in India for using the slogan;<br />
{{Blockquote|text="Yeh Dil Maange More"{{sfn|NDTV|2014}}}} He is also known for an interview in which he stated that Pakistani soldiers were aware of him.{{sfn|NDTV|2014}}<ref name=Times>{{citation|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/Storyold/109561/|access-date=9 September 2014|title=Capt Batra lived up to his code name|date=16 July 1999|work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
He was also honoured with several landmarks being named after him: the historic capture of Point 4875 led to the mountain being named Batra Top in his honour. A hall at the Service Selection Centre Allahabad is named 'Vikram Batra Block', a residential area in the Jabalpur Cantonment is called 'Captain Vikram Batra Enclave' and the combined cadet's mess at the IMA is named 'Vikram Batra Mess'.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armed Forces – Panorama|url=http://sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2010/sep01-10/h14.htm|website=[[Sainik Samachar]]|access-date=9 June 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Balidan Stambh]], the war memorial in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)]] in 2009 paid tribute to him by inscribing his name on the pillars alongside the martyrs of the 13 JAK Rifles. His name is also displayed near the eternal flame, accompanied by a relief on the outside background wall with the [[Param Vir Chakra]] awardees who attained martyrdom in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|J&K]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Monument of Sacrifice|date=20 July 2019 |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/a-monument-of-sacrifice-2/|publisher=Daily Excelsior|access-date=29 December 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
A memorial for war veterans including Batra stands at his alma mater [[DAV College, Chandigarh|DAV College]], Chandigarh honouring the services of the soldiers.<ref name=toi>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Chandigarhs-NCC-girl-felicitated-at-college/articleshow/46319347.cms|title=Chandigarh's NCC girl felicitated at college|access-date=24 March 2017|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Girl cadets shine">{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/education/girl-cadets-shine/44847.html|title=Girl cadets shine|access-date=28 June 2017|work=The Tribune|date=21 February 2015|archive-date=28 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628052503/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/education/girl-cadets-shine/44847.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
Government College Palampur was later renamed in the memory of Batra. The college is renamed as Shaheed Captain Vikram Batra Government College, Palampur.<ref>{{cite web|title=Official website of Shaheed Captain Vikram Batra Government College, Palampur (Kangra)|url=http://www.gcpalampur.ac.in/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shaheed Captain Vikram Batra Government College, Palampur|url=https://www.shiksha.com/college/shaheed-captain-vikram-batra-government-college-kangra-101393|website=Siksha.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
New Delhi's Mukarba Chowk and its flyover were renamed in honour of Batra in December 2019 as "Shaheed Captain Vikram Batra Chowk".<ref>{{cite web|title=Delhi's Pragati Maidan Metro Station Renamed Supreme Court, Mukarba Chowk Named After Capt Vikram Batra|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/delhis-pragati-maidan-metro-station-renamed-supreme-court-mukarba-chowk-named-after-capt-vikram-batra-2441441.html |website=[[News18 India]] |date=31 December 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Shaheed Captain Vikram Batra Stadium at Palampur was named after Batra.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Development works at Saheed Captain Vikram batra stadium in Palampur|work=Khas Khabar|url=https://m.khaskhabar.com/tags/development-works-at-shahid-captain-vikram-batra-stadium-in-palampur}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Panjab University]], Chandigarh dedicated state of the art Indoor Shooting Range in honour of Batra.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018|title=Panjab University dedicates shooting range to Kargil War hero Captain Vikram Batra|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/pu-dedicates-shooting-range-to-kargil-war-hero-capt-batra/story-LIIR3eKshFv9ViVjVQFo4I.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018|title=Indoor stadium dedicated to PU alumnus Capt Vikram Batra|work=[[Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/chandigarh/indoor-stadium-dedicated-to-pu-alumnus-capt-vikram-batra/articleshow/64896041.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|year=2018|title=Capt Vikram Batra shooting range inaugurated at PU|work=[[Tribune India]]|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/chandigarh/news-detail-617097}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Indian Army]] paid tribute to Captain Vikram Batra on the 21st anniversary of his death in a video posted on its social media account. The video featured Batra's famous words- [[Yeh Dil Maange More!|Yeh dil maange more]], and included people of all ages and from all walks of life saying "I am Vikram Batra".<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020|title='I am Captain Vikram Batra': 21 years later, Indian Army pays tribute to Kargil war hero in a unique video|work=[[Times Now News]]|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/i-am-captain-vikram-batra-21-years-later-indian-army-pays-tribute-to-kargil-war-hero-in-a-unique-video/617580}}</ref><br />
<br />
To commemorate the 22 years of the sacrifice made by Batra, Army Commander [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]] [[Lieutenant General]] [[Yogesh Kumar Joshi]] overflew the famous "Batra Top" in a [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Sukhoi-30 MKI]] and paid homage to the nation's hero from the sky. Joshi was also the then [[Commanding officer|Commanding Officer]] of Batra.<ref>{{cite news|year=2021|title=Northern Army Commander flies over Batra Top in Sukhoi-30 MKI to pay tribute to late Captain Vikram Batra|work=[[Times Now News]]|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/northern-army-commander-flies-over-batra-top-in-sukhoi-30-mki-to-pay-tribute-to-late-captain-vikram-batra/781701}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021|title=To commemorate martyrdom of legendary Kargil warrior Captain Vikram Batra, Northern Army Command chief pays homage from sky|work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/commemorate-martyrdom-legendary-kargil-warrior-captain-vikram-batra-northern-army-command-chief-pays-homage-sky-1502979571.html}}</ref><br />
<br />
A bust of [[Param Vir Chakra]] (PVC) Captain Vikram Batra was unveiled at Palampur military station on the eve of R.D '22<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kargil war hero Capt Vikram Batra's bust unveiled in Himachal's Palampur|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=19 January 2022 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/kargil-war-hero-capt-vikram-batras-bust-unveiled-in-himachals-palampur/articleshow/88995030.cms|access-date=20 January 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
URF World Records (Universal Records Forum) certified the largest underwater portrait of Batra on the eve of [[Kargil Vijay Diwas]] 26 July 2022 at swimming pool Pangode Military Station, [[Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Largest underwater portrait of Kargil war hero Captain Vikram Batra bags URF World Records |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-kargil-diwas-captain-vikram-batra-largest-underwater-portrait-kargil-war-hero-bags-urf-world-records-2971688 |access-date=30 July 2022 |work=DNA |date=27 July 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
On the occasion of [[Netaji Jayanti|Parakram Diwas]], Indian Government announced that its naming 21 largest unnamed islands of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman and Nicobar]] after the 21 [[Param Vir Chakra|Param Vir Chakra awardees]]. As a Param Vir Chakra Awardee, an island is named after Vikram Batra as '''Batra Island'''.<ref>{{cite news |title=PM Modi to name 21 islands after Param Vir Chakra awardees |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/pm-modi-to-name-21-islands-after-param-vir-chakra-awardees20230122225912/ |access-date=24 May 2023 |work=ANI |date=22 January 2023 |archive-date=23 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123183214/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/pm-modi-to-name-21-islands-after-param-vir-chakra-awardees20230122225912/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
===Notes===<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
===Citations===<br />
{{Reflist|20em}}<br />
<br />
===Bibliography===<br />
{{Refbegin|30em}}<br />
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/photos/news/yeh-dil-maange-more-remembering-captain-vikram-batra-10879 |title='Yeh Dil Maange More'..Remembering Captain Vikram Batra |work=[[New Delhi Television|NDTV]] |access-date=9 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430120310/http://www.ndtv.com/photos/news/yeh-dil-maange-more-remembering-captain-vikram-batra-10879 |archive-date=30 April 2017 |url-status=live |ref={{harvid|NDTV|2014}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Batra |first=GL |year=2016 |title=Param Vir Vikram Batra: The Sher Shah of Kargil: A Father Remembers |publisher=Times Group Books |isbn=9789384038977 }}<br />
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/ARMY/Galleries/Courage/Batra/ |title=Captain Vikram Batra, PVC |last=Batra |first=Girdhari Lal |website=[[Bharat Rakshak]] |access-date=18 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430121803/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/ARMY/Galleries/Courage/Batra/ |archive-date=30 April 2017 |url-status=live |ref={{harvid|Batra|2017}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Rawat |first=Rachna Bisht |year=2014 |title=The Brave: Param Vir Chakra Stories |publisher=Penguin Books India Private Limited |isbn=9780143422358 }}<br />
* {{Cite news |url=http://m.rediff.com/republic/2000/jan/25param2.htm |title=Vikram wanted to do something extraordinary that would bring fame to his country |access-date=1 March 2017 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=January 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430122025/http://m.rediff.com/republic/2000/jan/25param2.htm |archive-date=30 April 2017 |url-status=live |ref={{harvid|Rediff|2000}}}}<br />
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/community/-yaaro-ka-yaar-capt-vikram-batra-remembered-by-family-teachers-friends/111522.html |title='Yaaro ka yaar' Capt Vikram Batra remembered by family, teachers, friends |last=Kapur |first=Aarti |access-date=1 March 2017 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=26 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430122209/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/community/-yaaro-ka-yaar-capt-vikram-batra-remembered-by-family-teachers-friends/111522.html |archive-date=30 April 2017 |url-status=live}}<br />
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021128/cth1.htm |title=An actor's tryst with Batra's heroism |last=Banerjee |first=Ajay |access-date=21 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721164651/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021128/cth1.htm |archive-date=21 July 2017 |url-status=live |work=The Tribune |date=27 November 2002}} <br />
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/jun/17batra.htm |title=The soldier who became a legend |last=Masih |first=Archana |access-date=3 March 2017 |work=Rediff.com |date=June 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430122620/http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/jun/17batra.htm |archive-date=30 April 2017 |url-status=live}}<br />
* {{Citation|last1 =NCERT|first1=Government of India|author-link=National Council of Educational Research and Training|year =2016|title=Veer Gatha: Stories of Param Vir Chakra Awardees|publisher=National Council of Educational Research and Training|location=New Delhi|url=http://www.ncert.nic.in/publication/Miscellaneous/pdf_files/veergatha.pdf|isbn=978-93-5007-765-8}}<br />
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* {{cite book |last=Bammi |first=Y. M. |year=2002 |title=Kargil 1999, impregnable conquered |publisher=Gorkha Publishers |isbn=9788175253520 }}<br />
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* {{cite book |last=Dutt |first=Sanjay |year=2000 |title=War and Peace in Kargil Sector |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=9788176481519 }}<br />
* {{cite book |editor-last=Marston |editor-first=Daniel |editor-last2=Sundaram |editor-first2=Chandar S. |year=2008 |title=A Military History of India and South Asia: From the East India Company to the Nuclear Era |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=9780253219992 |ref={{harvid|Marston|2008}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Jagjit |year=2014 |title=Artillery: The Battle-Winning Arm |publisher=Lancer Publishers LLC |isbn=9781940988030 }}<br />
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* {{cite book |last=Mayadas |first=M. |year=1999 |title=How the Bofors Affair Transformed India, 1989–1999 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=9781897829646 |edition=illustrated }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Cardozo |first=Ian |year=2003 |title=Param Vir: Our Heroes in Battle |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=9789351940296 }}<br />
* {{cite book |editor-last=Jaffrelot |editor-first=Christophe |editor-last2=Veer |editor-first2=Peter van der |year=2008 |title=Patterns of Middle Class Consumption in India and China |publisher=SAGE Publications India |isbn=9788178299976 |ref={{harvid|Jaffrelot|2008}}}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Francis |first=J |year=2013 |title=Short Stories from the History of the Indian Army Since August 1947 |publisher=Vij Books India Private Limited |isbn=9789382652175 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Sawant |first=Gaurav C. |year=2000 |title=Dateline Kargil: A Correspondent's Nine-week Account from the Battlefront |publisher=Macmillan India |isbn=9780333934081 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Rathore |first=Azad Singh |year=2016 |title=Kargil: The Heights of Bravery |publisher=Partridge Publishing |isbn=9781482887563 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=Samir |year=2014 |title=NOTHING BUT!: BOOK SIX: FAREWELL MY LOVE |publisher=Partridge Publishing |isbn=9781482817867 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Amarinder |year=2001 |title=A Ridge Too Far: War in the Kargil Heights 1999 |publisher=Motibagh Palace |isbn=9788193107416 }}<br />
{{Refend}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{external media<br />
| float =right<br />
| width =240px<br />
| video1={{YouTube|zImHyTyYhM8|Video about Captain Vikram Batra}} showing a reenactment of his final battle during [[Kargil War]], narrated by his then-commanding officer, [[Yogesh Kumar Joshi]]}}<br />
* [http://specials.rediff.com/news/2004/jun/17kar9a.jpg 'The Lives and Good Times of a Country.' – India Today]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OpjmuV3GUGQ Captain Vikram Batra said 'ye dil maange more'! – ABP News]<br />
* [https://www.thequint.com/videos/2016/09/09/remembering-vikram-batra-his-twin-tells-us-the-tale-of-luv-and-kush Remembering Vikram Batra: His Twin Tells Us the Tale of Luv & Kush – The Quint]<br />
<br />
{{Param Vir Chakra recipients}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Batra, Vikram}}<br />
[[Category:1974 births]]<br />
[[Category:1999 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:People from Kangra district]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Military Academy alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Military personnel from Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:People of the Kargil War]]<br />
[[Category:Indian military personnel killed in action]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Param Vir Chakra]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Succurine_Fizardo&diff=537825Succurine Fizardo2026-01-14T19:23:47Z<p>Priyupranav: New</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian businesswoman and former comedian (born 1950)}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Succurine Fizardo<br />
| image = Sucurrine Fizardo (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Fizardo at [[Institute Menezes Braganza]], 2016<br />
| birth_name = Socorrinha D'Mello <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|8|31|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay State]] (now Mumbai, [[Maharashtra]]), India<br />
| other_names = Succrine<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Businesswoman|comedian|actress|singer|dancer}}<br />
| years_active = 1968–2010s<br />
| children = 2<br />
| website = {{URL|facebook.com/hsbzns.babnnz}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Socorrinha''' "'''Succurine'''" '''Fizardo''' ([[née]] '''D'Mello'''; born 31 August 1950), also known [[mononymously]] as '''Succurine''', is an Indian businesswoman, former comedian, actress, singer, and dancer known for her work in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi film]]s and ''[[tiatr]]'' productions.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Fizardo was born as Socorrinha D'Mello on 31 August 1950 in [[Bombay]], which was then part of [[Bombay State]] (now Mumbai, [[Maharashtra]]). Fizardo's ancestral roots originated from [[Ribandar]], [[Goa]]. As a youth, Fizardo was a member of the [[church choir]] at Our Lady of Fatima Church in the [[Sewree]] area of Bombay. Around the age of 14, she was afforded the opportunity to demonstrate her vocal abilities by participating as a singer in the church choir. Ligorio "Leo" D'Mello, Fizardo's father, pursued a career as a [[lyricist]] and actor within the entertainment field, while Natalina Fernandes, her mother, resided with the family in Sewree.<ref name=":0" /> Ligorio held the position of a foreman at the [[Hindustan Lever]] company, where he orchestrated theatrical skits accompanied by songs to generate funds in support of the church.<ref name=":1" /> At 16 years old, Fizardo's singing talent captured the attention of ''[[tiatrist]]'' [[Saib Rocha]], who, impressed by her vocal abilities, encouraged her to consider pursuing a career in ''[[tiatr]]'', a traditional form of [[Konkani language|Konkani]] theater.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
Fizardo first came to prominence when she was discovered by Rocha, a popular figure in the [[Goan]] ''tiatr'' theatrical tradition. Rocha was impressed by Fizardo's vocal prowess and foresaw her as a promising talent capable of achieving fame in the realm of ''tiatr'' performance. As a result, Rocha offered Fizardo the opportunity to join one of his ''tiatr'' productions as a singer. Fizardo showcased her talent in her inaugural performance within Rocha's ''tiatr'' production by presenting a [[solo (music)|solo]] act named "Puja". The lyrics of the song were written by David Fernandes, who was an acquaintance of Fizardo's father. Fizardo's rendition of the song was well-received, further reinforcing Rocha's assessment of her abilities. Recognizing the potential in Fizardo, her father, Leo, decided to write songs that would highlight her talents.<ref name=":1" /> The first of these compositions was a piece called "Maim Babdi Garib," which drew inspiration from Fizardo's own family life. Initially, Fizardo was hesitant to perform this song, as it hit close to home, but she eventually agreed to do so.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Fizardo as a [[Konkani people|Konkani]] entertainer was known for her versatility as both a singer and actress. According to [[literary critic]] [[Wilson Mazarello]], Fizardo had a "distinct ability to breathe life into her performances, regardless of the medium". Mazarello states that whether Fizardo is singing or portraying a comedic role on stage, she'd elicit laughter and enthusiastic audience reactions, often earning [[encore]] performances for her [[musical number]]s. The critic notes that Fizardo is one of the few female [[solo (music)|solo]] vocalists within the Konkani theatrical tradition who is able to draw such fervent responses from her audiences. Mazarello praises Fizardo's presentation of both songs and comedic characters. The critic describes her as a "natural comedienne, capable of delivering portrayals of even [[Alcohol intoxication|intoxicated]] personas". In addition to her acting work, Fizardo was responsible for creating and overseeing the development of her own theatrical productions known as ''[[tiatr]]s''. She has also released solo [[audio recording]]s and provided vocals for projects by other Konkani producers. Beginning in the mid-1990s, Fizardo expanded her work into the [[Hindi cinema|Hindi film industry]], taking on [[playback singing]] roles.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |pages=236 |language=en |access-date=2024-06-15 |archive-date=2024-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107200151/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> She has also been known to emulate the singing style and visual persona of the Konkani performer [[M. Boyer]] during live performances.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Socorrinha Fizardo - Succurine |url=https://tiatracademyofgoa.com/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210194355/https://tiatracademyofgoa.com/ |archive-date=2011-02-10 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Fizardo has sustained the tradition of featuring her father's humorous songs in her performances, believing in their popularity and positive reception by audiences over the years. She emphasized that her father's compositions possessed significant depth and strength, with the verses flowing into one another. Additionally, she was known for her distinctive talent in captivating audiences and eliciting encores with her [[Comedy music|comedic song renditions]], and established a reputation for her engaging performances. Leo, the father of Fizardo, was known for crafting songs of considerable length, with [[musical compositions|compositions]] featuring up to eight verses and eight choruses. Fizardo's performances were enhanced by her ability to interpret the elaborate and witty compositions to suit her distinct style and captivate her audiences. Her professional career began in 1968, when she joined the theatrical productions (known as ''tiatrs'') of director [[Prem Kumar (Konkani actor)|Prem Kumar]]. After showcasing her talents in both comedic and musical roles, Fizardo's career took a significant turn following Prem Kumar's demise. Subsequently, she became a member of director [[C. Alvares]]' ensemble, initially focusing on singing before transitioning into comedic performances.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Spreading smiles with her comedy |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/Spreading-smiles-with-her-comedy/108395 |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref> In another endeavor, Fizardo's father, Leo, ventured into playwriting and directing with his debut drama named ''Poileo Char Vostu'', featuring Fizardo in a prominent role.<ref name=":2">Meet the artiste: Socorinha Fizardo via [[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] publication (7 November 2016)</ref><br />
<br />
Fizardo had an extensive career in [[Tiatr|Konkani theater]]. Throughout her career, she has collaborated with several popular figures in the [[Konkani people|Konkani]] [[performing arts]] scene. She has shared the stage with several established Konkani ''[[tiatrist]]s'', or Konkani theater artists, including [[M. Boyer]], [[Jacinto Vaz]], [[Alfred Rose (singer)|Alfred Rose]], [[Kid Boxer]], and [[Joe Rose (Konkani actor)|Joe Rose]], among others. Commencing her journey in [[amateur theatre]], Fizardo made her debut in the Konkani theater production ''Devacho Vhodd Upkar'' under the direction of ''tiatrist'' Mariano Fernandes. She collaborated with Fernandes for an extended duration before transitioning to the [[theatrical troupe|troupe led]] by [[Comedian Domnic]], where she worked under his guidance for several seasons. Furthermore, she demonstrated her skills in performances within ''tiatrs'' overseen by directors such as Samuel Carvalho, John Moraes, and various others. These experiences also opened doors for international tours. In addition to her acting work, Fizardo was known for both her comedic and musical performances. Her concluding stage performance took place in the ''tiatr Serkar'' under the direction of Samuel Carvalho. Furthermore, she engaged in several [[musical production]]s alongside [[H. Britton]] in [[Mumbai]] and [[Mangalore]]. Before retiring from her career, Fizardo had the opportunity to perform alongside well-known [[Mangalorean]] singers including Henry D'Souza, Victor Consecio, and Jerome D'Souza on the musical stage.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
Fizardo is also known for her work in the ''[[tiatr]]'' theater tradition of Mumbai, India. Despite reduced stage appearances in recent times attributed to family responsibilities, she persists in her commitment to advancing and safeguarding [[Culture of Goa|Konkani culture]] and [[Konkani language|language]] through her artistic presentations. One of Fizardo's strengths is her talent for comedy. She was discovered and encouraged to explore this facet of her abilities by director [[Prem Kumar (Konkani actor)|Prem Kumar]]. In her comedic debut in Kumar's ''tiatr Khotto Poiso'', Fizardo first showcased her talent by captivating the audience with a character who comically [[Broken English|struggled with speaking English accurately]]. In a subsequent theatrical performance directed by Kumar, titled ''Peleachea Vostuchi Axea Korun Naie'', she displayed her command of the [[Marathi language]], showcasing her linguistic abilities. Over the course of her career, Fizardo has acted in ''tiatrs'' by various popular Konkani dramatists, including [[M. Boyer]]'s ''Sounsar Sudorlo'', [[Alfred Rose (singer)|Alfred Rose]]'s ''Angounechi Vokol'', and [[C. Alvares]] ''Goencho Mog''. She has taken part in an exclusively female ''tiatr'' production titled ''Khuincho Sakrament?'' and has collaborated with other popular figures in Konkani theater such as [[Remmie Colaço]], [[Kid Boxer]], [[H. Britton]], Young Menezes, and [[Robin Vaz]], demonstrating her involvement in the Konkani theater scene such artists.<ref name=":2" /> In addition to her stage work, Fizardo is involved in the ownership and management of three [[beauty parlor]]s in Dubai, in partnership with her daughter Zilma. These business responsibilities have restricted her availability to resume full-time commitments on the ''tiatr'' stage. However, she continues to maintain an active presence in the local Konkani community. Appearances encompass performing at a range of events, from [[minus track]]s at birthday celebrations to [[First Holy Communion]] ceremonies, wedding anniversaries, and the [[Weddings in India#Other religions|customary "roce" ceremony]], a prevalent ritual in [[Mumbai]].<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
Over the course of her career, Fizardo has collaborated with several popular performers, including M. Boyer and [[Jacinto Vaz]] in the past, as well as [[Luis Bachan]] in the present era, showcasing her talents as a comedienne. Fizardo has expressed a deep attachment to the ''tiatrs'' art form, stating that her life would be meaningless without it and that she aspires to continue her artistic endeavors until the end of her life. She has released three commercial [[audio CD]]s, titled ''Pixem'', ''Bach ke Rehna'', and ''Barbie Doll''. While her father was initially her primary composer, Fizardo now collaborates with Edwin D'Costa, who has written several songs for her, though he may choose to release them posthumously, states Fizardo.<ref name=":1" /> In addition to her solo recordings, her vocal talents have been featured in a diverse range of approximately 200 CDs crafted by different directors and producers.<ref name=":2" /> As a performer, Fizardo has showcased her performances across several regions, with a significant focus on the Gulf area, including Dubai, [[Doha]], Qatar, and [[Kuwait]]. She has also taken her talents to international stages, performing in countries like Germany, London, and Canada.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
In 1995, Fizardo lived with her family in [[Parel]], [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai).<ref name=":3" /> By 2012, she had moved to [[Malad]] West, Mumbai, as noted in the ''2012 Directory of Tiatr Artistes''.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=45_WlAEACAAJ |title=Directory of Tiatr Artistes, 2012 |date=2012 |publisher=Tiatr Academy of Goa |pages=201 |language=en |access-date=2024-06-15 |archive-date=2024-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620184716/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Directory_of_Tiatr_Artistes_2012/45_WlAEACAAJ?hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Fizardo's husband, a [[civil engineer]], was working with the [[Oman Army]] in 2005.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Braganza |first=Nisha |date=1 May 2005 |title=UP Close and Personal : ABBEY |work=The Times Kuwait |pages=10}}</ref> Their daughter Zilma oversees their [[beauty parlour]] business in Dubai,<ref name=":1" /> while their son Abbey pursued a singing career primarily in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi film]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2005 |title=Khallas man |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/khallas-man/cid/1661184 |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615183843/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/khallas-man/cid/1661184 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Personal views===<br />
In the context of the prevalence of [[Off-color humor|vulgarity in contemporary comedy]] within the tiatr genre, Fizardo emphasizes the integrity of her own comedic style, characterized by meaningful content, the use of respectable language, and a [[clean comedy|lack of vulgarity]]. Fizardo contrasts her approach by highlighting that while she and her contemporaries possessed a talent for comedy, many modern comedians are trained, resulting in the rapid dissemination of [[Low comedy|low-quality humor]]. Furthermore, Fizardo expresses concern over a perceived lack of respect among emerging ''[[tiatrist]]s'' towards seasoned performers and peers in the industry. This disregard for traditional values and etiquette, according to Fizardo, contributes to a decline in audience engagement with ''[[tiatr]]'' performances.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fizardo, Succurine}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1950 births]]<br />
[[Category:Tiatrists]]<br />
[[Category:Businesspeople from Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Comedians from Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Konkani-language singers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women comedians]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2013%E2%80%9314_Mohun_Bagan_FC_season&diff=4824432013–14 Mohun Bagan FC season2026-01-01T10:52:28Z<p>Priyupranav: created new article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian football club season}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox football club season<br />
| club = [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]]<br />
| season = [[2013–14 in Indian football|2013–14]]<br />
| mgrtitle = Head coach<br />
| manager = [[Karim Bencherifa]]<br />
| chairman = [[Siddharth Mallya]]<br />
| stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />[[Barasat Stadium]]<br />[[Kalyani Stadium]]<br />
| league = [[I-League]]<br />
| league result = '''[[2013–14 I-League|8th]]'''<br />
| league2 = [[Calcutta Football League]]<br />
| league2 result = '''Runners-up'''<br />
| cup1 = [[Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]]<br />
| cup1 result = '''[[2013–14 Indian Federation Cup#Semi-finals|Semi-finalist]]'''<br />
| cup2 = [[IFA Shield]]<br />
| cup2 result = '''[[2014 IFA Shield#Group stage|Group stage]]'''<br />
| league topscorer = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] (6)<br />
| season topscorer = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] (13)<br />
| highest attendance = <br />
| lowest attendance = <br />
| average attendance = <br />
| pattern_la1=<br />
| pattern_b1= _mbhome_1213<br />
| pattern_ra1= <br />
| pattern_sh1= _mbhome_1213<br />
| pattern_so1= _mbhome_1213<br />
| leftarm1= 8B0917<br />
| body1=<br />
| rightarm1= 104010<br />
| shorts1= <br />
| socks1= 8B0917<br />
| pattern_la2=<br />
| pattern_b2= _mbaway_1213<br />
| pattern_ra2= <br />
| pattern_sh2= _mbaway_1213<br />
| pattern_so2= _mbaway_1213<br />
| leftarm2= 104010<br />
| body2=<br />
| rightarm2= 8B0917<br />
| shorts2= <br />
| socks2= <br />
| prevseason = [[2012–13 Mohun Bagan FC season|2012–13]]<br />
| nextseason = [[2014–15 Mohun Bagan FC season|2014–15]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''2013–14 Mohun Bagan FC season''' was the club's 7th season in [[I-League]] and 124th season since its establishment in 1889. The team finished runners-up in the [[Calcutta Football League]] and a dismal eighth in the [[2013–14 I-League|I-League]]. Mohun Bagan reached the semi-finals of the [[2013-14 Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]] where they were defeated by [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] and they bowed out in the group stage of the [[2014 IFA Shield|IFA Shield]].<br />
<br />
==Transfers==<br />
<br />
===In===<br />
{{Col-begin}}<br />
{{Col-2}}<br />
<br />
====Pre-season====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%"<br />
|-<br />
!Pos.<br />
!Name<br />
!Signed from<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|GK<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Sandip Nandy]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/sandip-nandy-signs-one-year-deal-with-mcdowell-mohun-bagan|title=Sandip Nandy sign one-year deal with Mohun Bagan|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610125056/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/sandip-nandy-signs-one-year-deal-with-mcdowell-mohun-bagan|archive-date=10 June 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|GK<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Monotosh Ghosh'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]<br />
|<ref name=One>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagan-ropes-in-4-new-players-in-their-squad-978|title=Mohun Bagan rope in 4 new players|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301114624/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagan-ropes-in-4-new-players-in-their-squad-978|archive-date=1 March 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Ravinder Singh (footballer)|Ravinder Singh]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[United S.C.|United]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/ravinder-singh-joins-mcdowell-mohun-bagan|title=Ravinder Singh joins Mohun Bagan|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725112055/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/ravinder-singh-joins-mcdowell-mohun-bagan|archive-date=25 July 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Kingshuk Debnath]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/kingshuk-debnath-returns-to-mcdowells-mohun-bagan|title=Kingshuk Debnath returns to Mohun Bagan|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com}}{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Rowilson Rodrigues]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/rowilson-rodrigues-inks-1-year-deal-with-mcdowells-mohun-bagan|title=Rowilson Rodrigues inks one-year deal with Bagan|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630054931/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/rowilson-rodrigues-inks-1-year-deal-with-mcdowells-mohun-bagan|archive-date=30 June 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Wahid Sali]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowell-mohun-bagan-new-recruit-wahid-sali|title=Mohun Bagan new recruit Wahid Sali|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916070931/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowell-mohun-bagan-new-recruit-wahid-sali|archive-date=16 September 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Pritam Kotal]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pailan Arrows]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagan-new-recruit-pritam-kotal-1617|title=Mohun Bagan new recruit Pritam Kotal|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009170641/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagan-new-recruit-pritam-kotal-1617|archive-date=9 October 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Shouvik Ghosh]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pailan Arrows]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/shouvik-ghosh-signed-at-the-ifa-office-odafa-okolie-out-of-tomorrows-game-1|title=Shouvik Ghosh signs for Mohun Bagan|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185655/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/shouvik-ghosh-signed-at-the-ifa-office-odafa-okolie-out-of-tomorrows-game-1|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Nicolau Borges]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagans-new-recruit-nicolau-borges-1450|title=Mohun Bagan new recruit Nicolau Borges|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301100516/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagans-new-recruit-nicolau-borges-1450|archive-date=1 March 2014|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Bengkok Nameirakpam'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br />
|<ref name=One /><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Rana Gharami]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kalighat Milan Sangha F.C.|Kalighat M.S.]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagans-new-recruit-rana-gharami-316|title=Mohun Bagan new recruit Rana Gharami|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131120011907/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagans-new-recruit-rana-gharami-316|archive-date=20 November 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Adil Khan (footballer)|Adil Khan]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sporting Clube De Goa|Sporting Goa]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagan-new-recruit-adil-khan|title=Mohun Bagan new recruit Adil Khan|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717121600/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagan-new-recruit-adil-khan|archive-date=17 July 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|JPN}} '''[[Katsumi Yusa]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/katsumi-yusa-new-recruit-of-mcdowells-mohun-bagan|title=Mohun Bagan new recruit Katsumi Yusa|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731022048/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/katsumi-yusa-new-recruit-of-mcdowells-mohun-bagan|archive-date=31 July 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Ram Malik]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aryan F.C.|Techno Aryan]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagans-new-recruit-wing-half-ram-malik|title=Mohun Bagan new recruit Ram Malik|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924231143/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagans-new-recruit-wing-half-ram-malik|archive-date=24 September 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Pankaj Moula]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aryan F.C.|Techno Aryan]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagans-new-recruit-striker-pankaj-moula|title=Mohun Bagan new recruit Pankaj Moula|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220070616/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagans-new-recruit-striker-pankaj-moula|archive-date=20 December 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Zakeer Mundampara]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[United S.C.|United]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagans-new-recruit-central-midfielder-zakeer-mundampara-146|title=Mohun Bagan new recruit Zakeer Mundampara|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025181318/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagans-new-recruit-central-midfielder-zakeer-mundampara-146|archive-date=25 October 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''T.Seiboi Haokip'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} Mohun Bagan SAIL Academy<br />
|<ref name=One /><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Adarsh Tamang'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} Mohun Bagan SAIL Academy<br />
|<ref name=One /><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Anthony Pereira]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/anthony-pereira-joins-mcdowells-mohun-bagan|title=Mohun Bagan new recruit Anthony Pereira|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624130038/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/anthony-pereira-joins-mcdowells-mohun-bagan|archive-date=24 June 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Rajib Ghorui]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aryan F.C.|Techno Aryan]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagans-new-recruit-wing-half-rajib-ghorui-1444|title=Mohun Bagan new recruit Rajib Ghorui|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040413/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagans-new-recruit-wing-half-rajib-ghorui-1444|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Arghya Chakraborty'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rangdajied United F.C.|Rangdajied United]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forum.indianfootballnetwork.com/discussion/1143/i-league-player-transfers-news-rumors-2013-14/p191|title=Mohun Bagan new recruit Arghya Chakraborty|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=indianfootballnetwork.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Shaiju Mon]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pailan Arrows]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagans-new-recruit-shaiju-mon-1695|title=Mohun Bagan new recruit Shaiju Mon|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104061110/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagans-new-recruit-shaiju-mon-1695|archive-date=4 January 2014|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|FW<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|KEN}} '''[[Harrison Muranda]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|KEN}} [[Nairobi City Stars]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagans-4th-foreigner-harrison-eric-muranda-9172|title=Mohun Bagan signs fourth foreigner Muranda|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034554/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagans-4th-foreigner-harrison-eric-muranda-9172|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|FW<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Shankar Oraon'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[United S.C.|United]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagan-preseason-training-sankar-oraon-and-pankaj-moula-scor|title=Mohun Bagan signs Shankar Oraon|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806120645/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagan-preseason-training-sankar-oraon-and-pankaj-moula-scor|archive-date=6 August 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|FW<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Prakash Roy'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} Mohun Bagan Jalpaiguri Academy<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/prakash-roy-signs-at-the-ifa-office-federation-cup-to-be-held-at-kerala-579|title=Mohun Bagan signs Prakash Roy|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021153318/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/prakash-roy-signs-at-the-ifa-office-federation-cup-to-be-held-at-kerala-579|archive-date=21 October 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{{Col-2}}<br />
<br />
====Mid-season====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%"<br />
|-<br />
!Pos.<br />
!Name<br />
!Signed from<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Ujjal Howladar]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aryan F.C.|Techno Aryan]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/ujjal-howladar-signs-in-favour-of-mcdowells-mohun-bagan-1701|title=Ujjal Howladar signs for Mohun Bagan|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303122847/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/ujjal-howladar-signs-in-favour-of-mcdowells-mohun-bagan-1701|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Bikramjit Singh]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowell-mohun-bagan-central-midfielder-bikramjit-singh-4307|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306163014/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowell-mohun-bagan-central-midfielder-bikramjit-singh-4307|archive-date=6 March 2014|url-status=usurped|title=Bikramjit Singh signs for Mohun Bagan|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Prayashu Halder'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Southern Samity]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mohammedan-sporting-match-deferred-prayashu-halder-signs-at-the-ifa-office-|title=Prayashu Halder joins Mohun Bagan|accessdate=24 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303141711/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mohammedan-sporting-match-deferred-prayashu-halder-signs-at-the-ifa-office-|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Abung Meetei'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pune F.C.|Pune]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowell-mohun-bagan-ropes-in-thangjam-abung-meetei-and-bikramjit-singh-177|title=Abung Meetei joins Mohun Bagan|accessdate=24 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303142819/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowell-mohun-bagan-ropes-in-thangjam-abung-meetei-and-bikramjit-singh-177|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|FW<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|NGR}} '''[[Christopher Chizoba]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kalighat Milan Sangha F.C.|Kalighat M.S.]]<br />
|<ref name=Chizoba>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/mohun-bagan-sign-christopher-chizoba-to-replace-eric-muranda|title=Christopher Chizoba signs for Mohun Bagan|accessdate=16 February 2016|website=sprtskeeda.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{{Col-end}}<br />
<br />
===Out===<br />
{{Col-begin}}<br />
{{Col-2}}<br />
<br />
====Pre-season====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%"<br />
|-<br />
!Pos.<br />
!Name<br />
!Sold to<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|GK<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/i-league-goalkeeper-arindam-bhattacharya-rejoins-churchill-brothers|title=Arindam Bhattacharya rejoin Churchill Brothers|accessdate=1 February 2016|website=sportskeeda.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|GK<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Sudipta Banerjee'''<br />
|Released<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|GK<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Naveen Kumar (footballer)|Naveen Kumar]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lonestar Kashmir F.C.|Lonestar Kashmir]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collegesavingsplans.info/article/68772824/lonestar-kashmir-fc-name-final-squad-for-2nd-division-league-/|title=Lonestar Kashmir name Naveen Kumar in their final squad|accessdate=18 February 2016|website=collegesavingsplan.com}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|GK<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Milton Bhowmick'''<br />
|Released<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Nirmal Chettri]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/i-league-mohammedan-sporting-loan-nirmal-chettri-from-img-reliance|title=Mohun Bagan release Nirmal Chettri|accessdate=26 November 2013|website=sportskeeda.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Khelemba Singh]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/mumbai-fc-train-guns-on-rangdajied-united/1200090/|title=Mohun Bagan release Khelemba Singh|accessdate=26 November 2013|website=indianexpress.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Biswajit Saha]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Eagles F.C.]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Eight-IMG-R-players-to-join-Kerala-football-club-Eagles-FC/articleshow/26914692.cms?from=mdr|title=Mohun Bagan release Biswajit Saha|accessdate=6 December 2013|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Mehrajuddin Wadoo]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br />
|<ref name=Mehraj_Nabi>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2013/10/21/4349494/mohammedan-sporting-take-players-from-img-reliance-on-loan|title=Mohun Bagan release Mehrajuddin Wadoo and Rahim Nabi|accessdate=21 October 2013|website=goal.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Lalrozama Fanai]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spacepropeller.com/mirror/.w.wiki/Lalrozama_Fanai|title=Fanai leaves Bagan to join Bengaluru FC|accessdate=1 February 2016|website=spacepropeller.com}}{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Rajib Ghosh (footballer)|Rajib Ghosh]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140110/jsp/northeast/story_17770621.jsp#.VsU-gubGmug|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224230235/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140110/jsp/northeast/story_17770621.jsp#.VsU-gubGmug|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2016|title=Rajib Ghosh plays for Bhawanipore|accessdate=18 February 2016|website=telegraphindia.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Warundeep Singh]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2013/mohammedan-sporting-club-201314-season-preview/|title=Warundeep Singh - A shrewd signing by Mohammedan|accessdate=18 February 2016|website=thehardtackle.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Deepak Sumanth'''<br />
|Released<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagan-ropes-in-4-new-players-in-their-squad-978|title=Mohun Bagan release Deepak Sumanth|accessdate=18 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301114624/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagan-ropes-in-4-new-players-in-their-squad-978|archive-date=1 March 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Sourav Chakraborty'''<br />
|Released<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Mohan Sarkar'''<br />
|Released<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Syed Rahim Nabi]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br />
|<ref name=Mehraj_Nabi /><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Snehasish Chakraborty]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[United S.C.|United]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/snehashis-chakraborty/100106/|title=United regain services of Snehasish Chakraborty|accessdate=4 December 2013|website=soccerway.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Sushanth Mathew]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rangdajied United F.C.|Rangdajied United]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/122698/churchill-brothers-sc-vs-rangdajied-united-fc/report?|title=Sushanth Mathew plays for Rangdajied United|accessdate=11 February 2014|website=goal.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Jewel Raja]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/i-league-india-international-jewel-raja-rejoins-dempo|title=Jewel Raja rejoin Dempo|accessdate=1 February 2016|website=sportskeeda.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Rakesh Masih]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/i-league-i-was-missing-my-home-kolkata-rakesh-masih-explains-mohammedan-sporting-move|title=Rakesh Masih joins Salgaocar from Mohun Bagan|accessdate=1 February 2016|website=sportskeeda.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Manish Maithani]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prhour.com/sports/football/mohammedan-sporting-plunge-themselves-into-a-mess|title=Mohammedan sign Manish Maithani|accessdate=30 October 2013|website=prhour.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Lalrin Fela]]'''<br />
|Released<br />
|<ref name=Jacobs_Fela>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2013/indian-football-mohun-bagan-i-league-indian-football-transfer/|title=Mohun Bagan release many players including Quinton Jacobs and Lalrin Fela|accessdate=18 February 2016|website=thehardtackle.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|NAM}} '''[[Quinton Jacobs]]'''<br />
|Released<br />
|<ref name=Jacobs_Fela /><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Bijendra Rai]]'''<br />
|Released<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Arjun Chatterjee'''<br />
|Released<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Nirapada Mondal'''<br />
|Released<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|FW<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|AUS}} '''[[Tolgay Özbey]]'''<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/222/transfer-zone/2013/05/31/4016740/tolgay-ozbey-has-agreed-terms-with-mohammedan-sporting|title=Tolgay agrees terms with Mohammedan|accessdate=18 February 2016|website=goal.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|FW<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Dipendu Biswas]]'''<br />
|Released<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/interview-dipendu-biswas|title=Dipendu Biswas retires from Mohun Bagan|accessdate=18 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301122932/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/interview-dipendu-biswas|archive-date=1 March 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|FW<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Anil Kumar (footballer)|Anil Kumar]]'''<br />
|Released<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{{Col-2}}<br />
<br />
====Mid-season====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%"<br />
|-<br />
!Pos.<br />
!Name<br />
!Signed from<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Nicolau Borges]]'''<br />
|Released<br />
|<ref name=Borges_Bengkok>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagan-release-nicolau-borges-and-bengkok-nameirakpam-2084|title=Mohun Bagan release Nicolau Borges and Bengkok Nameirakpam|accessdate=18 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301155333/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagan-release-nicolau-borges-and-bengkok-nameirakpam-2084|archive-date=1 March 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Bengkok Nameirakpam'''<br />
|Released<br />
|<ref name=Borges_Bengkok /><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Anthony Pereira]]'''<br />
|Released<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/mohun-bagan-releases-anthony-pereira-finally|title=Mohun Bagan release Anthony Pereira|accessdate=18 February 2016|website=sportskeeda.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|FW<br />
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|KEN}} '''[[Harrison Muranda]]'''<br />
|Released<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagan-release-muranda-and-recruit-christopher-as-the-fourth|title=Mohun Bagan release Harrison Muranda|accessdate=18 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301132756/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagan-release-muranda-and-recruit-christopher-as-the-fourth|archive-date=1 March 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{{Col-end}}<br />
<br />
==Kits==<br />
'''Supplier:''' Shiv Naresh / '''Sponsors:''' [[McDowell's No.1]]<br />
{| border-"0" style="margin:1em auto"<br />
|{{Football kit<br />
| pattern_la=<br />
| pattern_b= _mbhome_1213<br />
| pattern_ra=<br />
| pattern_sh= _mbhome_1213<br />
| pattern_so= _mbhome_1213<br />
| leftarm= 8B0917<br />
| body=<br />
| rightarm= 104010<br />
| shorts=<br />
| socks= 8B0917<br />
| title=Home<br />
}}<br />
|{{Football kit<br />
| pattern_la=<br />
| pattern_b= _mbaway_1213<br />
| pattern_ra=<br />
| pattern_sh= _mbaway_1213<br />
| pattern_so= _mbaway_1213<br />
| leftarm= 104010<br />
| body=<br />
| rightarm= 8B0917 <br />
| shorts=<br />
| socks= <br />
| title=Away<br />
}}<br />
|{{Football kit<br />
| pattern_la= _mbgk_1213<br />
| pattern_b= _mbgk_1213<br />
| pattern_ra= _mbgk_1213<br />
| pattern_sh= _mbgk_1213<br />
| pattern_so= _mbgk_1213<br />
| leftarm= <br />
| body=<br />
| rightarm= <br />
| shorts=<br />
| socks= 141414<br />
| title=Goalkeeper<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Squad==<br />
<br />
===First-team Squad===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; width:80%"<br />
|-<br />
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Name<br />
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Nationality<br />
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Position<br />
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Date of Birth (Age)<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=5 style="background:#7a1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Goalkeepers<br />
|-<br />
|[[Shilton Pal]] ([[Captain (association football)#Vice-captain|vice-captain]])<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|12|20}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sandip Nandy]] <br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1975|01|15}}<br />
|-<br />
|Monotosh Ghosh <br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1989|09|19}}<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=5 style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Defenders<br />
|-<br />
|[[Aiborlang Khongjee]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|12|9}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ravinder Singh (footballer)|Ravinder Singh]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1991|12|17}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Echezona Anyichie]]<br />
|{{flagicon|NGR}}<br />
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|5|14}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Kingshuk Debnath]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1985|5|8}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rowilson Rodrigues]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|3|28}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Wahid Sali]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1985|12|11}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Pritam Kotal]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|8|9}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Shouvik Ghosh]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1992|11|5}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rana Gharami]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]<br />
|—<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=5 style="background:#7a1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Midfielders<br />
|-<br />
|[[Denson Devadas]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1982|12|20}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Adil Khan (footballer)|Adil Khan]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1988|7|7}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Katsumi Yusa]] <br />
|{{flagicon|JPN}}<br />
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1988|8|2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ram Malik]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1991|3|10}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Pankaj Moula]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1992|12|20}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Manish Bhargav]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1994|2|24}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ujjal Howladar]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|1|1}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Zakeer Mundampara]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|5|20}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Bikramjit Singh]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1992|10|15}}<br />
|-<br />
|T.Seiboi Haokip<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]<br />
|—<br />
|-<br />
|Adarsh Tamang<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1995|7|5}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rajib Ghorui]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1995|10|8}}<br />
|-<br />
|Arghya Chakraborty<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]<br />
|—<br />
|-<br />
|[[Shaiju Mon]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1991|5|16}}<br />
|-<br />
|Prayashu Halder<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]<br />
|—<br />
|-<br />
|Abung Meetei<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]<br />
|—<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=5 style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Forwards<br />
|-<br />
|[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]] ([[Captain (association football)|captain]])<br />
|{{flagicon|NGR}}<br />
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1985|6|6}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Christopher Chizoba]] <br />
|{{flagicon|NGR}}<br />
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1991|6|17}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Chinadorai Sabeeth]]<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|12|2}}<br />
|-<br />
|Shankar Oraon <br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]<br />
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1989|8|8}}<br />
|-<br />
|Prakash Roy <br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]<br />
|—<br />
|-<br />
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[http://www.mohunbaganac.com/squad-database mohunbaganac.com]|u=27 February 2014|date=August 2017}}<br />
<br />
==Technical Staff==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Position<br />
! Name<br />
|-<br />
|Chief coach<br />
|{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Karim Bencherifa]]<br />
|-<br />
| Assistant coach<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mridul Banerjee]]<br />
|-<br />
| Goalkeeping coach<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} Arpan Dey<br />
|-<br />
| Physiotherapist<br />
|{{flagicon|ENG}} Jonathan Corner<br />
|-<br />
| Team manager<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}} Debasish Dutta<br />
{{Fb cs footer|s=[http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/santosh-kashyap-new-chief-coach-of-mcdowell-mohun-bagan mohunbaganac.com]|date=August 2017}}<br />
<br />
==Statistics==<br />
<br />
===Calcutta Football League stats===<br />
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!Opposition<br />
!Score<br />
|-<br />
|Army XI<br />
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|3–0<br />
|-<br />
|[[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]<br />
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|2–0<br />
|-<br />
|[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|1–0<br />
|-<br />
|[[George Telegraph S.C.|George Telegraph]]<br />
|style="background-color:#ffffcc;"|1–1<br />
|-<br />
|[[Kalighat Milan Sangha F.C.|Kalighat M.S.]]<br />
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|5–0<br />
|-<br />
|[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan S.C.]]<br />
|style="background-color:#ffffcc;"|1–1<br />
|-<br />
|Peerless<br />
|style="background-color:#ffffcc;"|2–2<br />
|-<br />
|[[Prayag United S.C.|Prayag United]]<br />
|style="background-color:#ffffcc;"|0–0<br />
|-<br />
|Police A.C.<br />
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|4–0<br />
|-<br />
|Railway F.C.<br />
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|4–1<br />
|-<br />
|[[Aryan Football Club|Techno Aryan]]<br />
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|3–0<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Last Updated: 11 January 2014<br />Source: [[#Statistics|Statistics]]<br />
<br />
{{Col-begin}}<br />
{{Col-2}}<br />
<br />
====Goal scorers====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"<br />
|-<br />
!Pos.<br />
!Nat.<br />
!Name<br />
!Goal(s)<br />
!Appearance(s)<br />
|-<br />
|MF||{{flagicon|JPN}}<br />
|[[Katsumi Yusa]]<br />
|5||11<br />
|-<br />
|FW||{{flagicon|KEN}}<br />
|[[Harrison Muranda]]<br />
|4||5<br />
|-<br />
|FW||{{flagicon|NGR}}<br />
|[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]]<br />
|3||5<br />
|-<br />
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Manish Bhargav]]<br />
|3||5<br />
|-<br />
|FW||{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Chinadorai Sabeeth]]<br />
|3||7<br />
|-<br />
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Ram Malik]]<br />
|3||7<br />
|-<br />
|DF||{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Ravinder Singh (footballer)|Ravinder Singh]]<br />
|1||2<br />
|-<br />
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Adil Khan (footballer)|Adil Khan]]<br />
|1||4<br />
|-<br />
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Zakeer Mundampara]]<br />
|1||5<br />
|-<br />
|FW||{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|Shankar Oraon<br />
|1||8<br />
|-<br />
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Denson Devadas]]<br />
|1||10<br />
|-bgcolor=#efefef<br />
!colspan=3 scope="col"|TOTAL<br />
!scope="col"|{{big|26}}<br />
!scope="col"|{{big|11}}<br />
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=11 January 2014|date=August 2017}}<br />
<br />
{{Col-2}}<br />
<br />
====Disciplinary record====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"<br />
!Pos.<br />
!Nat.<br />
!Player<br />
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}<br />
!Notes<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|NGR}}<br />
|[[Echezona Anyichie]]<br />
|2||1||0<br />
|Missed Match: vs [[Kalighat Milan Sangha F.C.|Kalighat M.S.]]<br /><small>(28 December 2013)</small><br />Missed Match: vs [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br /><small>(6 January 2014)</small><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Aiborlang Khongjee]]<br />
|3||0||0<br />
|Missed Match: vs Police A.C.<br /><small>(6 October 2013)</small><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Kingshuk Debnath]]<br />
|3||0||0<br />
|Missed Match: vs [[Kalighat Milan Sangha F.C.|Kalighat M.S.]]<br /><small>(28 December 2013)</small><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Adil Khan (footballer)|Adil Khan]]<br />
|2||0||0<br />
|Missed Match: vs [[United S.C.|United]]<br /><small>(17 November 2013)</small><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Zakeer Mundampara]]<br />
|2||0||0<br />
|Missed Match: vs [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]<br /><small>(10 November 2013)</small><br />
|-<br />
|FW<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|Shankar Oraon<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|JPN}}<br />
|[[Katsumi Yusa]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|Adarsh Tamang<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Rowilson Rodrigues]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Wahid Sali]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Nicolau Borges]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|GK<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Sandip Nandy]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=11 January 2014|date=August 2017}}<br />
{{Col-end}}<br />
<br />
===I-League stats===<br />
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!Opposition<br />
!Home Score<br />
!Away Score<br />
|-<br />
|[[Bengaluru FC]]<br />
|style="background:#ffcccc;"|0–2<br />
|style="background:#ffffcc;"|1–1<br />
|-<br />
|[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]<br />
|style="background:#ffffcc;"|2–2<br />
|style="background:#ffffcc;"|0–0<br />
|-<br />
|[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]<br />
|style="background:#ffcccc;"|0–1<br />
|style="background:#ffffcc;"|0–0<br />
|-<br />
|[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|style="background:#ffcccc;"|0–1<br />
|style="background:#ffffcc;"|1–1<br />
|-<br />
|[[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]<br />
|style="background:#ffffcc;"|1–1<br />
|style="background:#ccffcc;"|1–0<br />
|-<br />
|[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan S.C.]]<br />
|style="background:#ffffcc;"|0–0<br />
|style="background:#ffffcc;"|0–0<br />
|-<br />
|[[Prayag United S.C.|Prayag United]]<br />
|style="background:#ccffcc;"|4–0<br />
|style="background:#ffffcc;"|0–0<br />
|-<br />
|[[Pune F.C.|Pune]]<br />
|style="background:#ccffcc;"|3–1<br />
|style="background:#ffcccc;"|0–2<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rangdajied United F.C.|Rangdajied United]]<br />
|style="background:#ffcccc;"|0–2<br />
|style="background:#ffcccc;"|1–3<br />
|-<br />
|[[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]<br />
|style="background:#ccffcc;"|2–1<br />
|style="background:#ffcccc;"|0–1<br />
|-<br />
|[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong]]<br />
|style="background:#ccffcc;"|2–1<br />
|style="background:#ffffcc;"|1–1<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]<br />
|style="background:#ffcccc;"|1–2<br />
|style="background:#ccffcc;"|3–1<br />
|}<br />
Last Updated: 27 April 2014<br />Source: [[#Statistics|Statistics]]<br />
<br />
{{Col-begin}}<br />
{{Col-2}}<br />
<br />
====Goal scorers====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"<br />
|-<br />
!Pos.<br />
!Nat.<br />
!Name<br />
!Goal(s)<br />
!Appearance(s)<br />
|-<br />
|FW||{{flagicon|NGA}}<br />
|[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]]<br />
|6<br />
|12<br />
|-<br />
|FW||{{flagicon|NGA}}<br />
|[[Christopher Chizoba]]<br />
|5<br />
|13<br />
|-<br />
|FW||{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Chinadorai Sabeeth]]<br />
|4<br />
|21<br />
|-<br />
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Ram Malik]]<br />
|2<br />
|16<br />
|-<br />
|FW||{{flagicon|KEN}}<br />
|[[Harrison Muranda]]<br />
|1<br />
|9<br />
|-<br />
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Pankaj Moula]]<br />
|1<br />
|11<br />
|-<br />
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Zakeer Mundampara]]<br />
|1<br />
|14<br />
|-<br />
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Manish Bhargav]]<br />
|1<br />
|15<br />
|-<br />
|MF||{{flagicon|JPN}}<br />
|[[Katsumi Yusa]]<br />
|1<br />
|24<br />
|- <br />
!colspan=3| Own Goal<br />
|1<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=3|TOTAL<br />
!scope="col"|{{big|23}}<br />
!scope="col"|{{big|24}}<br />
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=27 April 2014|date=August 2017}}<br />
<br />
====Disciplinary record====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"<br />
!Pos.<br />
!Nat.<br />
!Player<br />
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}<br />
!Notes<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|NGA}}<br />
|[[Echezona Anyichie]]<br />
|5||2||0<br />
|Missed Match: vs [[Sporting Clube De Goa|Sporting Goa]]<br /><small>(19 October 2013)</small><br />Missed Match: vs [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br /><small>(24 November 2013)</small><br />Missed Match: vs [[United S.C.|United]]<br /><small>(6 December 2013)</small><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Denson Devadas]]<br />
|6||1||0<br />
|Missed Match: vs [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]<br /><small>(26 October 2013)</small><br />Missed Match: vs [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br /><small>(1 March 2014)</small><br />
|-<br />
|FW<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|Shankar Oraon<br />
|1||1||0<br />
|Missed Match: vs [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]<br /><small>(1 November 2013)</small><br />
|-<br />
|FW<br />
|{{flagicon|NGA}}<br />
|[[Christopher Chizoba]]<br />
|4||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Zakeer Mundampara]]<br />
|4||0||0<br />
|Missed Match: vs [[Bengaluru FC]]<br /><small>(6 April 2014)</small><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|JPN}}<br />
|[[Katsumi Yusa]]<br />
|3||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Ram Malik]]<br />
|3||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Kingshuk Debnath]]<br />
|3||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Aiborlang Khongjee]]<br />
|3||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Rowilson Rodrigues]]<br />
|2||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Wahid Sali]]<br />
|2||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|FW<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Chinadorai Sabeeth]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Manish Bhargav]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Bikramjit Singh]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Shouvik Ghosh]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Pritam Kotal]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=27 April 2014|date=August 2017}}<br />
{{Col-end}}<br />
<br />
===Federation Cup stats===<br />
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!Opposition<br />
!Score<br />
|-<br />
|[[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]<br />
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|1–0<br />
|-<br />
|[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]<br />
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|6–0<br />
|-<br />
|[[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]<br />
|style="background-color:#ffffcc;"|1–1<br />
|-<br />
|[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]<br />
|style="background-color:#ffcccc;"|1–2<br />
|}<br />
Last Updated: 23 January 2014<br />Source: [[#Statistics|Statistics]]<br />
<br />
{{Col-begin}}<br />
{{Col-2}}<br />
<br />
====Goal scorers====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"<br />
|-<br />
!Pos.<br />
!Nat.<br />
!Name<br />
!Goal(s)<br />
!Appearances(s)<br />
|-<br />
|FW||{{flagicon|NGA}}<br />
|[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]]<br />
|4<br />
|3<br />
|-<br />
|FW||{{flagicon|NGA}}<br />
|[[Christopher Chizoba]]<br />
|3<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Ujjal Howladar]]<br />
|1<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
|MF||{{flagicon|JPN}}<br />
|[[Katsumi Yusa]]<br />
|1<br />
|4<br />
|- bgcolor=#efefef<br />
!colspan=3 scope="col"|TOTAL<br />
!scope="col"|{{big|9}}<br />
!scope="col"|{{big|4}}<br />
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=23 January 2014|date=August 2017}}<br />
<br />
{{Col-2}}<br />
<br />
====Disciplinary record====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"<br />
!Pos.<br />
!Nat.<br />
!Player<br />
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}<br />
!Notes<br />
|-<br />
|FW<br />
|{{flagicon|NGR}}<br />
|[[Christopher Chizoba]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Ujjal Howladar]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Zakeer Mundampara]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Aiborlang Khongjee]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=23 January 2014|date=August 2017}}<br />
{{Col-end}}<br />
<br />
===IFA Shield stats===<br />
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!Opposition<br />
!Score<br />
|-<br />
|[[United Sikkim]]<br />
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|1–0<br />
|-<br />
|[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br />
|style="background-color:#ffffcc;"|0–0<br />
|-<br />
|{{flagicon|BGD}} [[Sheikh Jamal Dhanmondi Club|Dhanmondi]]<br />
|style="background-color:#ffcccc;"|0–1<br />
|}<br />
Last Updated: 8 February 2014<br />Source: [[#Statistics|Statistics]]<br />
<br />
{{Col-begin}}<br />
{{Col-2}}<br />
<br />
====Goal scorers====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"<br />
|-<br />
!Pos.<br />
!Nat.<br />
!Name<br />
!Goal(s)<br />
|-<br />
|FW||{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Chinadorai Sabeeth]]<br />
|1<br />
|- bgcolor=#efefef<br />
!colspan=3 scope="col"|TOTAL<br />
!scope="col"|{{big|1}}<br />
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=8 February 2014|date=August 2017}}<br />
<br />
{{Col-2}}<br />
<br />
====Disciplinary record====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"<br />
!Pos.<br />
!Nat.<br />
!Player<br />
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}<br />
!Notes<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Ram Malik]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Kingshuk Debnath]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=8 February 2014|date=August 2017}}<br />
{{Col-end}}<br />
<br />
==Player statistics==<br />
<br />
===Appearances and goals===<br />
{{Efs start|CFL|[[2013–14 I-League|I-League]]|[[2013–14 Indian Federation Cup|Fed Cup]]|[[2014 IFA Shield]]}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=GK|name=[[Shilton Pal]]|10+0|0|13+0|0|4+0|0|1+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=GK|name=[[Sandip Nandy]]|1+0|0|11+2|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=GK|name=Monotosh Ghosh|0+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0|2+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Aiborlang Khongjee]]|6+0|0|12+4|0|4+0|0|2+1|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Ravinder Singh (footballer)|Ravinder Singh]]|2+0|1|3+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=Nigeria|pos=DF|name=[[Echezona Anyichie]]|5+0|0|21+0|0|4+0|0|3+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Kingshuk Debnath]]|6+4|0|20+1|0|0+1|0|3+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Rowilson Rodrigues]]|8+1|0|5+5|0|0+0|0|0+1|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Wahid Sali]]|5+0|0|4+0|0|0+0|0|0+1|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Pritam Kotal]]|5+0|0|19+1|0|4+0|0|3+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Shouvik Ghosh]]|5+1|0|15+3|0|4+0|0|1+1|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Rana Gharami]]|0+1|0|0+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=DF|name=[[Nicolau Borges]]|2+1|0|1+2|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=DF|name=Bengkok Nameirakpam|1+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Denson Devadas]]|10+0|1|21+0|0|3+0|0|3+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Adil Khan (footballer)|Adil Khan]]|4+0|1|5+2|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=Japan|pos=MF|name=[[Katsumi Yusa]]|9+2|5|24+0|1|4+0|1|3+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Ram Malik]]|6+1|3|9+7|2|1+3|0|3+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Pankaj Moula]]|5+2|0|8+3|1|4+0|0|3+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Manish Bhargav]]|5+0|3|8+7|1|0+0|0|0+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Ujjal Howladar]]|0+0|0|1+4|0|0+2|1|0+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Zakeer Mundampara]]|3+2|1|13+1|1|3+1|0|3+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Bikramjit Singh]]|0+0|0|1+4|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=MF|name=Adarsh Tamang|1+1|0|0+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Rajib Ghorui]]|0+3|0|0+3|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=MF|name=Arghya Chakraborty|0+3|0|0+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Shaiju Mon]]|2+1|0|0+2|0|0+0|0|0+1|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=MF|name=[[Anthony Pereira]]|1+1|0|0+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=Nigeria|pos=FW|name=[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]]|4+1|3|12+0|6|3+0|4|0+1|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=Nigeria|pos=FW|name=[[Christopher Chizoba]]|0+0|0|13+0|5|4+0|3|0+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=FW|name=[[Chinadorai Sabeeth]]|7+0|3|13+8|4|1+1|0|3+0|1}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=FW|name=Shankar Oraon|5+3|1|2+6|0|1+2|0|0+3|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=India|pos=FW|name=Prakash Roy|0+1|0|0+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs player|no=|nat=Kenya|pos=FW|name=[[Harrison Muranda]]|3+2|4|9+0|1|0+0|0|0+0|0}}<br />
{{Efs end|s=[http://mohunbaganac.com/ mohunbaganac.com]}}<br />
<small>Last Updated: 27 April 2014 <br /> '''Apps''': (Matches Started)+(Substitute Appearances)</small><br />
<br />
===Disciplinary record===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"<br />
!rowspan="2"|Pos.<br />
!rowspan="2"|Nat.<br />
!rowspan="2"|Player<br />
!colspan="3"|CFL<br />
!colspan="3"|[[2013-14 I-League|I-League]]<br />
!colspan="3"|[[2013-14 Indian Federation Cup|Fed Cup]]<br />
!colspan="3"|[[2014 IFA Shield|IFA Shield]]<br />
!colspan="3"|Total<br />
!rowspan="2"|Notes<br />
|-<br />
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}<br />
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}<br />
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}<br />
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}<br />
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|NGR}}<br />
|[[Echezona Anyichie]]<br />
|1||1||0<br />
|3||2||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|4||3||0<br />
|Missed Match: vs [[Sporting Clube De Goa|Sporting Goa]]<br /><small>(19 October 2013)</small><br />Missed Match: vs [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br /><small>(24 November 2013)</small><br />Missed Match: vs [[United S.C.|United]]<br /><small>(6 December 2013)</small><br />Missed Match: vs [[Kalighat Milan Sangha F.C.|Kalighat M.S.]]<br /><small>(28 December 2013)</small><br />Missed Match: vs [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br /><small>(6 January 2014)</small><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Denson Devadas]]<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|5||1||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|5||1||0<br />
|Missed Match: vs [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]<br /><small>(26 October 2013)</small><br />Missed Match: vs [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br /><small>(1 March 2014)</small><br />
|-<br />
|FW<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|Shankar Oraon<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|0||1||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||1||0<br />
|Missed Match: vs [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]<br /><small>(1 November 2013)</small><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Aiborlang Khongjee]]<br />
|3||0||0<br />
|3||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|7||0||0<br />
|Missed Match: vs Police A.C.<br /><small>(6 October 2013)</small><br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Kingshuk Debnath]]<br />
|3||0||0<br />
|3||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|7||0||0<br />
|Missed Match: vs [[Kalighat Milan Sangha F.C.|Kalighat M.S.]]<br /><small>(28 December 2013)</small><br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Zakeer Mundampara]]<br />
|2||0||0<br />
|4||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|7||0||0<br />
|Missed Match: vs [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]<br /><small>(10 November 2013)</small><br />Missed Match: vs [[Bengaluru FC]]<br /><small>(6 April 2014)</small><br />
|-<br />
|FW<br />
|{{flagicon|NGR}}<br />
|[[Christopher Chizoba]]<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|4||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|5||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|JPN}}<br />
|[[Katsumi Yusa]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|3||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|4||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Ram Malik]]<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|3||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|4||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Rowilson Rodrigues]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|2||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|3||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Wahid Sali]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|2||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|3||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Adil Khan (footballer)|Adil Khan]]<br />
|2||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|2||0||0<br />
|Missed Match: vs [[United S.C.|United]]<br /><small>(17 November 2013)</small><br />
|-<br />
|FW<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Chinadorai Sabeeth]]<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Manish Bhargav]]<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Ujjal Howladar]]<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Bikramjit Singh]]<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|Adarsh Tamang<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Pritam Kotal]]<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Shouvik Ghosh]]<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DF<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Nicolau Borges]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|GK<br />
|{{flagicon|IND}}<br />
|[[Sandip Nandy]]<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|0||0||0<br />
|1||0||0<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=27 April 2014|date=August 2017}}<br />
<br />
==Competitions==<br />
<br />
===Overall===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:850px"<br />
|-<br />
! style="text-align:center; width:200px;" | Competition<br />
! style="text-align:center; width:100px;" | Started round<br />
! style="text-align:center; width:100px;" | Current <br/> position <br /> / round<br />
! style="text-align:center; width:100px;" | Final <br/> position <br /> / round<br />
! style="text-align:center; width:170px;" | First match<br />
! style="text-align:center; width:170px;" | Last match<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Calcutta Football League]]<br />
|–<br />
|–<br />
|2nd<br />
|10 September 2013<br />
|11 January 2014<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left; background:#ededed"|[[I-League]]<br />
|style="background:#ededed;"|–<br />
|style="background:#ededed;"|–<br />
|style="background:#ededed;"|[[2013–14 I-League|8th]]<br />
|style="background:#ededed;"|22 September 2013<br />
|style="background:#ededed;"|27 April 2014<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]]<br />
|[[2013-14 Indian Federation Cup Group stage|Group stage]]<br />
|–<br />
|[[2013–14 Indian Federation Cup#Semi-Finals|Semi finals]]<br />
|15 January 2014<br />
|23 January 2014<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left; background: #ededed"|[[IFA Shield]]<br />
|style="background:#ededed;"|[[2014 IFA Shield#Group stage|Group stage]]<br />
|style="background:#ededed;"|–<br />
|style="background:#ededed;"|[[2014 IFA Shield#Group stage|Group stage]]<br />
|style="background:#ededed;"|2 February 2014<br />
|style="background:#ededed;"|8 February 2014<br />
|}<br />
Last Updated: 28 April 2014<br />Source: [[#Competitions|Competitions]]<br />
<br />
===Overview===<br />
{{Fb overview<br />
|c=4<br />
|c1=Calcutta Football League<br />
|w1=7|l1=0|d1=4|f1=26|a1=5<br />
|c2=[[2013–14 I-League|I-League]]<br />
|w2=6|l2=8|d2=10|f2=23|a2=24<br />
|c3=[[2013-14 Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]]<br />
|w3=2|l3=1|d3=1|f3=9|a3=3<br />
|c4=[[2014 IFA Shield|IFA Shield]]<br />
|w4=1|l4=1|d4=1|f4=1|a4=1<br />
|u=27 April 2014<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Calcutta Football League===<br />
{{:2013–14 Calcutta Premier Division|showteam=MMB}}<br />
===I-League===<br />
{{Main|2013–14 I-League}}<br />
{{:2013–14 I-League|showteam=MB}}<br />
===Federation Cup===<br />
{{main|2013–14 Indian Federation Cup}}<br />
<br />
====Group stage (group C)====<br />
{{:2013–14 Indian Federation Cup Group stage|transcludesection=Group C|showteam=MBG}}<br />
====Semifinals====<br />
{{OneLegStart}}<br />
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]'''||[[2013-14 Indian Federation Cup#Semi finals|2–1]]|[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]|}}<br />
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Sporting Clube De Goa|Sporting Goa]]'''||[[2013-14 Indian Federation Cup#Semi finals|3–2]] {{aet}}|[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]|}}<br />
{{end}}<br />
<br />
===IFA Shield===<br />
{{main|2014 IFA Shield}}<br />
<br />
====Group stage (group B)====<br />
{{:2014 IFA Shield|transcludesection=Group B|showteam=MB}}<br />
===Results summary===<br />
{{Fb_rs |hw=12 |hd=8 |hl=6 |hgf=42 |hga=20 |aw=4 |ad=8 |al=4 |agf=17 |aga=13 |]|u=27 April 2014}}<br />
<br />
==Matches==<br />
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
<br />
===Calcutta Football League===<br />
<br />
{{Football box collapsible<br />
|round=1<br />
|date=10 September 2013<br />
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=159<br />
|time=16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|team2=Railway F.C.<br />
|score=4–1<br />
|goals1=[[Chinadorai Sabeeth|Sabeeth]] {{goal|1||73|}}<br />[[Adil Khan (footballer)|Adil]] {{goal|14}}<br />[[Manish Bhargav|Bhargav]] {{goal|50}}<br />[[Nicolau Borges|Nicolau]] {{yel|22}}<br />S.Oraon {{yel|38}}<br />[[Kingshuk Debnath|Kingshuk]] {{yel|68}}<br />
|goals2=[[Orok Essien|Orok]] {{goal|47}}<br />
|location=[[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|result=W<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box collapsible<br />
|round=2<br />
|date=14 September 2013<br />
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=160<br />
|time=16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|team2=[[George Telegraph S.C.|George Telegraph]]<br />
|score=1–1<br />
|goals1=[[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{goal|72}}<br />
|goals2=Tauras {{goal|38}}<br />
|location=[[Barasat]]<br />
|stadium=[[Barasat Stadium]]<br />
|result=D<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box collapsible<br />
|round=3<br />
|date=18 September 2013<br />
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=162<br />
|time=16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|team2=Peerless <br />
|score=2–2<br />
|goals1=[[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{goal|59}}<br />[[Harrison Muranda|Muranda]] {{goal|81}}<br />[[Wahid Sali|Wahid]] {{yel|21}}<br />[[Zakeer Mundampara|Zakeer]] {{yel|69}}<br />[[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{yel|78}}<br />[[Adil Khan (footballer)|Adil]] {{yel|79}}<br />[[Sandip Nandy|Sandip]] {{yel|86}}<br />
|goals2=Wasim {{goal|31}}<br />[[Christopher Chizoba|Chizoba]] {{goal|55}}<br />
|location=[[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|result=D<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box collapsible<br />
|round=4<br />
|date=3 October 2013<br />
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=163<br />
|time=16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|team2=Army XI<br />
|score=3–0<br />
|goals1=[[Ram Malik|Ram]] {{goal|14}}<br />[[Harrison Muranda|Muranda]] {{goal|25}}<br />[[Chinadorai Sabeeth|Sabeeth]] {{goal|37}}<br />Tamang {{yel|40}}<br />[[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{yel|55}}<br />
|location=[[Barasat]]<br />
|stadium=[[Barasat Stadium]]<br />
|result=W<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box collapsible<br />
|round=5<br />
|date=6 October 2013<br />
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=164<br />
|time=16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|team2=Police A.C.<br />
|score=4–0<br />
|goals1=[[Zakeer Mundampara|Zakeer]] {{goal|34}},{{yel|34}}<br />[[Ram Malik|Ram]] {{goal|45}}<br />[[Harrison Muranda|Muranda]] {{goal|68||76|}}<br />
|location=[[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|result=W<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box collapsible<br />
|round=6<br />
|date=10 November 2013<br />
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=165<br />
|time=16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|team2=[[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]<br />
|score=2–0<br />
|goals1=[[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{goal|44|pen.}}<br />S.Oraon {{goal|57}}<br />[[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{yel|29}}<br />[[Adil Khan (footballer)|Adil]] {{yel|31}}<br />
|goals2=<br />
|location=[[Barasat]]<br />
|stadium=[[Barasat Stadium]]<br />
|result=W<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box collapsible<br />
|round=7<br />
|date=17 November 2013<br />
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=166<br />
|time=16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|team2=[[United S.C.|United]]<br />
|score=0–0<br />
|goals1=[[Kingshuk Debnath|Kingshuk]] {{yel|57}}<br />[[Rowilson Rodrigues|Rowilson]] {{yel|90+2}}<br />
|goals2=<br />
|location=[[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|result=D<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box collapsible<br />
|round=8<br />
|date=17 December 2013<br />
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=169<br />
|time=16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|team2=[[Aryan F.C.|Techno Aryan]]<br />
|score=3–0<br />
|goals1=[[Manish Bhargav|Bhargav]] {{goal|56|pen.|70|}}<br />[[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{goal|68}}<br />[[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{sentoff|2|42|80}}<br />[[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{yel|45}}<br />
|goals2=<br />
|location=[[Barasat]]<br />
|stadium=[[Barasat Stadium]]<br />
|result=W<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box collapsible<br />
|round=9<br />
|date=28 December 2013<br />
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=170<br />
|time=16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|team2=[[Kalighat Milan Sangha F.C.|Kalighat M.S.]]<br />
|score=5–0<br />
|goals1=[[Ram Malik|Ram]] {{goal|38}}<br />[[Ravinder Singh (footballer)|R.Singh]] {{goal|49}}<br />[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|54||57||90|}}<br />
|goals2=<br />
|location=[[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|result=W<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box collapsible<br />
|round=10<br />
|date=6 January 2014<br />
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=171<br />
|time=16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|team2=[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br />
|score=1–1<br />
|goals1=[[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{goal|26}}<br />
|goals2=[[Syed Rahim Nabi|Nabi]] {{goal|11}}<br />
|location=[[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|result=D<br />
}}{{Football box collapsible<br />
|round=11<br />
|date=11 January 2014<br />
|report=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=<br />
|time=16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|team2=[[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score=0–1<br />
|goals1=<br />
|goals2=[[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{goal|84}},{{yel|66}}<br />[[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{yel|42}}<br />[[Kingshuk Debnath|Kingshuk]] {{yel|89}}<br />
|location=[[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|result=W<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===I-League===<br />
<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 1<br />
|date = 22 September 2013<br />
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Bengaluru FC]]<br />
|score = 1–1<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/09/22/india/i-league/bengaluru/mohun-bagan-ac/1585279/<br />
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Sean Rooney (footballer)|S.Rooney]] {{goal|50}}<br />[[Malemngamba Meetei|Meetei]] {{yel|31}}<br />[[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi]] {{sentoff|2|25|90+1}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Chinadorai Sabeeth|Sabeeth]] {{goal|90+1}},{{yel|89}}<br />[[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{yel|17}}<br />[[Wahid Sali|Wahid]] {{yel|39}}<br />[[Zakeer Mundampara|Zakeer]] {{yel|73}}<br />
|location = [[Bengaluru]]<br />
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = R.Dsa<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 2<br />
|date = 28 September 2013<br />
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]<br />
|score = 0–0<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/09/28/india/i-league/churchill-brothers-sc/mohun-bagan-ac/1585282/<br />
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Satish Singh|Satish]] {{yel|66}}<br />Balan {{yel|90}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{yel|34}}<br />
|location = [[Mapusa]]<br />
|stadium = [[Duler Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = C.R.Sree Krishna<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 3<br />
|date = 10 October 2013<br />
|time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Pune F.C.|Pune]]<br />
|score = 2–0<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/10/10/india/i-league/pune-fc/mohun-bagan-ac/1585300/<br />
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Thongkhosiem Haokip|T.Haokip]] {{goal|72}}<br />[[James Meyer (footballer)|Meyer]] {{goal|79}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Wahid Sali|Wahid]] {{yel|71}}<br />[[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{sentoff|2|39|50}}<br />
|location = [[Pune]]<br />
|stadium = [[Balewadi Sports Complex]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = U.Bora<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 4<br />
|date = 19 October 2013<br />
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score = 1–2<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/10/19/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/sporting-club-de-goa/1585304/<br />
|team2 = [[Sporting Clube De Goa|Sporting Goa]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Harrison Muranda|Muranda]] {{goal|84|pen.}}<br />[[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{yel|8}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Boima Karpeh|Karpeh]] {{goal|17||78|}}<br />[[Rowllin Borges|R.Borges]] {{yel|63}}<br />
|location = [[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = M.V.Santosh Kumar<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 5<br />
|date = 23 October 2013<br />
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score = 2–1<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/10/23/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/salgaocar-sports-club/1585312/<br />
|team2 = [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Chinadorai Sabeeth|Sabeeth]] {{goal|55}}<br />[[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{goal|76}}<br />[[Kingshuk Debnath|Kingshuk]] {{yel|45+1}}<br />[[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{sentoff|2|89|90+2}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|90}}<br />[[Rocus Lamare|Lamare]] {{yel|74}}<br />
|location = [[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = C.R.Sree Krishna<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 6<br />
|date = 26 October 2013<br />
|time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]<br />
|score = 0–1<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/10/26/india/i-league/mumbai-fc/mohun-bagan-ac/1585322/<br />
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Manuel D'Souza|M.D'Souza]] {{yel|41}}<br />[[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 1984)|Anwar]] {{yel|64}}<br />[[Ashutosh Mehta|A.Mehta]] {{yel|70}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Manish Bhargav|Bhargav]] {{goal|53}}<br />[[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{yel|61}}<br />[[Zakeer Mundampara|Zakeer]] {{yel|82}}<br />S.Oraon {{sentoff|2|63|90+2}}<br />
|location = [[Pune]]<br />
|stadium = [[Balewadi Sports Complex]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = T.Nagvenkar<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 7<br />
|date = 1 November 2013<br />
|time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]<br />
|score = 0–0<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/11/01/india/i-league/dempo-sports-club/mohun-bagan-ac/1585325/<br />
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Simon Colosimo|Colosimo]] {{yel|80}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{yel|66}}<br />
|location = [[Mapusa]]<br />
|stadium = [[Duler Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = R.Dsa<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 8<br />
|date = 6 November 2013<br />
|time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]<br />
|score = 1–1<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/11/06/india/i-league/lajong-sc/mohun-bagan-ac/1585337/<br />
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Cornell Glen|Glen]] {{goal|38|pen.}},{{yel|45+1}}<br />[[Wailad Passah|Passah]] {{yel|26}}<br />K.Singh {{sentoff|0|45+2}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Zakeer Mundampara|Zakeer]] {{goal|40}}<br />[[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{sentoff|2|23|36}}<br />
|location = [[Shillong]]<br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = K.Singh<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 9<br />
|date = 24 November 2013<br />
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score = 0–1<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/11/24/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/east-bengal-club-fc/1585341/<br />
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = [[Lalrindika Ralte|Ralte]] {{goal|73}},{{yel|74}}<br />[[Ryuji Sueoka|Sueoka]] {{yel|44}}<br />
|location = [[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = P.Singh<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 10<br />
|date = 27 November 2013<br />
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score = 0–0<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/11/27/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/mohammedan-sporting-club/1585348/<br />
|team2 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{yel|51}}<br />[[Luciano Sabrosa|Luciano]] {{yel|57}}<br />[[Penn Orji|Penn]] {{yel|83}}<br />
|location = [[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = M.V.Santosh Kumar<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 11<br />
|date = 1 December 2013<br />
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score = 0–2<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/12/01/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/arhima-club/1585355/<br />
|team2 = [[Rangdajied United F.C.|Rangdajied United]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{yel|38}}<br />[[Shouvik Ghosh|S.Ghosh]] {{yel|50}}<br />[[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{yel|87}}<br />[[Ram Malik|Ram]] {{yel|90}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Manandeep Singh|Manandeep]] {{goal|22}},{{yel|85}}<br />[[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{goal|66}}<br />
|location = [[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = M.V.Santosh Kumar<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 12<br />
|date = 6 December 2013<br />
|time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score = 4–0<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/12/06/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/chirag-united-sc/1585362/<br />
|team2 = [[United S.C.|United]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Christopher Chizoba|Chizoba]] {{goal|20||45+1|}}<br />[[Ram Malik|Ram]] {{goal|51}},{{yel|16}}<br />[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|73}}<br />[[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{yel|56}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Deepak Mondal|D.Mondal]] {{yel|69}}<br />[[Eric Brown (footballer)|Brown]] {{yel|82}}<br />
|location = [[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = R.Singh<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 13<br />
|date = 11 December 2013<br />
|time = 13:45 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score = 1–1<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/12/11/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/mumbai-fc/1585369/<br />
|team2 = [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Chinadorai Sabeeth|Sabeeth]] {{goal|80}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Mohammed Rafi (footballer)|Rafi]] {{goal|10}},{{yel|74}}<br />[[Nidhin Lal|Nidhin]] {{yel|45+1}}<br /> [[Zohib Islam Amiri|Fakruddin]] {{yel|86}}<br />
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]<br />
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = B.Balasubramaniam<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 14<br />
|date = 14 December 2013<br />
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score = 0–1<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/12/14/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/dempo-sports-club/1585376/<br />
|team2 = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Kingshuk Debnath|Kingshuk]] {{yel|54}}<br />[[Manish Bhargav|Bhargav]] {{yel|77}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Holicharan Narzary|Narzary]] {{goal|33}}<br />[[Alwyn George|A.George]] {{yel|23}}<br />[[Jewel Raja|Jewel]] {{sentoff|1|23|90+4}}<br />
|location = [[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = C.R.Sree Krishna<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 15<br />
|date = 21 December 2013<br />
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score = 3–1<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/12/21/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/pune-fc/1585382/<br />
|team2 = [[Pune F.C.|Pune]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|30||88|}}<br />[[Ram Malik|Ram]] {{goal|75}}<br />[[Rowilson Rodrigues|Rowilson]] {{yel|11}}<br />[[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{yel|44}}<br />[[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{yel|82}}<br />[[Christopher Chizoba|Chizoba]] {{yel|90+4}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Thongkhosiem Haokip|T. Haokip]] {{goal|79}}<br />[[Arata Izumi|Arata]] {{yel|24}}<br />[[Douhou Pierre|Douhou]] {{yel|82}}<br />[[Mumtaz Akhtar|M.Akhtar]] {{yel|83}}<br />
|location = [[Barasat]]<br />
|stadium = [[Barasat Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = U.Bora<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 16<br />
|date = 16 February 2014<br />
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]<br />
|score = 1–0<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2014/02/16/india/i-league/salgaocar-sports-club/mohun-bagan-ac/1585389/<br />
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Dudu Omagbemi|Dudu]] {{goal|59}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|location = [[Vasco da Gama|Vasco]]<br />
|stadium = [[Tilak Maidan Stadium|Tilak Maidan]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = B.Balasubramaniam<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 17<br />
|date = 21 February 2014<br />
|time = 18:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score = 2–2<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2014/02/21/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/churchill-brothers-sc/1585397/<br />
|team2 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Alesh Sawant|A.Sawant]] {{goal|37|o.g.}}<br />[[Christopher Chizoba|Chizoba]] {{goal|57|pen.}}<br />[[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{yel|59}}<br />[[Ram Malik|Ram]] {{yel|63}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant]] {{goal|36||90|}}<br />[[Satish Singh|S.Singh]] {{yel|30}}<br />[[Abdul Hameid Shabana|Shabana]] {{yel|32}}<br />[[Lalit Thapa|L.Thapa]] {{yel|53}}<br />[[Dharmaraj Ravanan|Ravanan]] {{yel|63}}<br />
|location = [[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = U.Bora<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 18<br />
|date = 1 March 2014<br />
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<br />
|score = 1–1<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2014/03/01/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/mohun-bagan-ac/1585403/<br />
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1 = [[James Moga|Moga]] {{goal|39}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Chinadorai Sabeeth|Sabeeth]] {{goal|67}}<br />
|location = [[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = M.Santosh Kumar<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 19<br />
|date = 8 March 2014<br />
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br />
|score = 0–0<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2014/03/08/india/i-league/mohammedan-sporting-club/mohun-bagan-ac/1585410/<br />
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Manish Maithani|Maithani]] {{yel|31}}<br />[[Ishfaq Ahmed|Ishfaq]] {{yel|42}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|location = [[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = T.Nagvenkar<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 20<br />
|date = 15 March 2014<br />
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Rangdajied United F.C.|Rangdajied United]]<br />
|score = 3–1<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2014/03/15/india/i-league/arhima-club/mohun-bagan-ac/1585421/<br />
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Tomba Singh Wangkheirakpam|Tomba]] {{goal|20}}<br />[[Kim Song-Yong|Kim]] {{goal|35}}<br />[[Ranti Martins|Ranti]] {{goal|38}},{{yel|79}}<br />[[Lamine Tamba|L.Tamba]] {{yel|37}}<br />Restom {{yel|81}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|41}}<br />[[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{yel|9}}<br />[[Christopher Chizoba|Chizoba]] {{yel|88}}<br />[[Zakeer Mundampara|Zakeer]] {{yel|90+1}}<br />
|location = [[Shillong]]<br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = B.Balasubramaniam<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 21<br />
|date = 23 March 2014<br />
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Sporting Clube De Goa|Sporting Goa]]<br />
|score = 1–3<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2014/03/23/india/i-league/sporting-club-de-goa/mohun-bagan-ac/1585425/<br />
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Rowllin Borges|R.Borges]] {{goal|78}}<br />[[Pratesh Shirodkar|Shirodkar]] {{yel|24}}<br />[[Matthew Gonsalves|M.Gonsalves]] {{yel|45}}<br />[[Chinta Chandrashekar Rao|C.Rao]] {{yel|90+4}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|44||79|}}<br />[[Christopher Chizoba|Chizoba]] {{goal|70}}<br />[[Bikramjit Singh|B.Singh]] {{yel|16}}<br />[[Zakeer Mundampara|Zakeer]] {{yel|90}}<br />
|location = [[Margao]]<br />
|stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = U.Bora<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 22<br />
|date = 6 April 2014<br />
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score = 0–2<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2014/04/06/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/bengaluru/1585439/<br />
|team2 = [[Bengaluru FC]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Kingshuk Debnath|Kingshuk]] {{yel|37}}<br />[[Rowilson Rodrigues|Rowilson]] {{yel|42}}<br />[[Christopher Chizoba|Chizoba]] {{yel|87}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi]] {{goal|45+1}}<br />[[Sean Rooney (soccer)|S.Rooney]] {{goal|60}}<br />[[John Johnson (footballer)|Johnson]] {{yel|40}}<br />[[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin]] {{yel|79}}<br />
|location = [[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = R.Dsa<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 23<br />
|date = 13 April 2014<br />
|time = 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[United S.C.|United]]<br />
|score = 0–0<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2014/04/13/india/i-league/chirag-united-sc/mohun-bagan-ac/1585445/<br />
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Deepak Mondal|D.Mondal]] {{yel|14}}<br />[[Asif Kottayil|Kottayil]] {{yel|25}}<br />[[Biswajit Biswas|B.Biswas]] {{yel|43}}<br />[[Waheed Adekunle|Adekunle]] {{yel|59}}<br />[[Dhanachandra Singh|D.Singh]] {{yel|84}}<br />[[Jayanta Sen|J.Sen]] {{yel|88}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{yel|45}}<br />
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]<br />
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = T.Nagvenkar<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = 24<br />
|date = 27 April 2014<br />
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score = 2–1<br />
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2014/04/27/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/lajong-sc/1585453/<br />
|team2 = [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Pankaj Moula|Moula]] {{goal|6}}<br />[[Christopher Chizoba|Chizoba]] {{goal|75}},{{yel|26}}<br />[[Pritam Kotal|Kotal]] {{yel|14}}<br />[[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{yel|70}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Boithang Haokip|B.Haokip]] {{goal|61}}<br />L.Luaha {{yel|13}}<br />[[Taisuke Matsugae|Matsugae]] {{yel|51}}<br />[[Cornell Glen|Glen]] {{yel|70}}<br />
|location = [[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = P.Singh<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Federation Cup===<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = [[2013–14 Indian Federation Cup Group stage|Group stage]]<br />
|date = 15 January 2014<br />
|time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score = 1–0<br />
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=173<br />
|team2 = [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Christopher Chizoba|Chizoba]] {{goal|27}}<br />[[Zakeer Mundampara|Zakeer]] {{yel|37}}<br />[[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{yel|76}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|location = [[Kochi]]<br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Kochi|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = [[2013–14 Indian Federation Cup Group stage|Group stage]]<br />
|date = 18 January 2014<br />
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]<br />
|score = 0–6<br />
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=174<br />
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|10||77}}<br />[[Christopher Chizoba|Chizoba]] {{goal|24||60}}<br />[[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{goal|31}}<br />[[Ujjal Howladar|Howladar]] {{goal|90+3}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|location = [[Kochi]]<br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Kochi|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = [[2013–14 Indian Federation Cup Group stage|Group stage]]<br />
|date = 21 January 2014<br />
|time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]<br />
|score = 1–1<br />
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=175<br />
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Bikash Jairu|Jairu]] {{goal|79}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|58}}<br />[[Ujjal Howladar|Howladar]] {{yel|76}}<br />
|location = [[Kochi]]<br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Kochi|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = [[2013–14 Indian Federation Cup#Semi-Finals|Semi finals]]<br />
|date = 23 January 2014<br />
|time = 16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]<br />
|score = 2–1<br />
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=179<br />
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Singh]] {{goal|4}}<br />[[Anthony Wolfe|Wolfe]] {{goal|14}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|33}}<br />[[Christopher Chizoba|Chizoba]] {{yel|22}}<br />
|location = [[Kochi]]<br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Kochi|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===IFA Shield===<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = [[2014 IFA Shield#Group stage|Group stage]]<br />
|date = 2 February 2014<br />
|time = 15:15 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score = 1–0<br />
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=180<br />
|team2 = [[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]<br />
|goals1 = [[Chinadorai Sabeeth|Sabeeth]] {{goal|27}}<br />[[Ram Malik|Ram]] {{yel|5}}<br />[[Kingshuk Debnath|Kingshuk]] {{yel|34}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|location = [[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = [[2014 IFA Shield#Group stage|Group stage]]<br />
|date = 5 February 2014<br />
|time = 15:15 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score = 0–0<br />
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=178<br />
|team2 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = <br />
|location = [[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{football box collapsible<br />
|round = [[2014 IFA Shield#Group stage|Group stage]]<br />
|date = 8 February 2014<br />
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score = 0–1<br />
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=183<br />
|team2 = {{flagicon|BGD}} [[Sheikh Jamal Dhanmondi Club|Dhanmondi]]<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = [[Sony Norde|Norde]] {{goal|23}}<br />
|location = [[Kolkata]]<br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Mohun Bagan Super Giant}}<br />
{{2013–14 in Indian football}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:2013-14 Mohun Bagan FC Season}}<br />
[[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant seasons]]<br />
[[Category:2013–14 I-League by team]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=V%E1%B9%9B%C5%9Bcika&diff=545165Vṛścika2025-12-09T16:24:26Z<p>Priyupranav: Stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Month in Indian lunisolar calendars}}<br />
'''Vṛścika''' (वृश्चिक), also referred to as '''Vrishchika''' or '''Vrschika''', is a month in the [[Hindu calendar|Indian solar calendar]].<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p355"/><ref name=sewell5>{{cite book|author1=Robert Sewell|author2=Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita|title=The Indian Calendar |url=https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich |year=1896|publisher=S. Sonnenschein & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich/page/5 5]–11, 23–29}}</ref> It corresponds to the zodiacal sign of [[Scorpio (constellation)|Scorpio]], and approximately overlaps with the later half of November and first half of December in the [[Gregorian calendar]].<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p355"/><br />
<br />
In [[Vedas|Vedic texts]], the Vrscika month is called '''Urja''' (IAST: Ūrja), with which a female goddess is also associated called Urja but in these ancient texts it has no zodiacal associations.<ref name="Dershowitz2008p123">{{cite book|author1=Nachum Dershowitz|author2=Edward M. Reingold|title=Calendrical Calculations|title-link= Calendrical Calculations |year= 2008|publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-88540-9|pages=123–128}}</ref> The solar month of Vrschika overlaps with its lunar month [[Agrahayana|Agahana]] or [[Mangsir]], in Hindu [[Lunisolar calendar|lunisolar calendars]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Christopher John Fuller|title=The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=To6XSeBUW3oC|year=2004|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=978-0-69112-04-85|pages=291–293}}</ref><ref name=sewell10/> The Vrschika marks the end of the autumn season and the start of the winter on the Indian subcontinent, and is preceded by the solar month of [[Tulā]], and followed by the solar month of [[Dhanu (month)|Dhanu]].<ref name=sewell5/><br />
<br />
The Vrschika month is called ''Kartigai'' in the Tamil Hindu calendar.<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p355">{{cite book|author=James G. Lochtefeld|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M, N-Z (Vol 1 & 2)|year=2002|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/355 355]|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/355}}</ref> The ancient and medieval era Sanskrit texts of India vary in their calculations about the duration of Vrschika, just like they do with other months. For example, the ''[[Surya Siddhanta]]'' calculates the duration of Vrschika to be 29 days, 11 hours, 46 minutes and 0 seconds.<ref name=sewell10/> In contrast, the ''Arya Siddhanta'' calculates the duration of the Vrschika month to be 29 days, 12 hours, 12 minutes and 24 seconds.<ref name=sewell10>{{cite book|author1=Robert Sewell|author2=Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita|title=The Indian Calendar |url=https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich |year=1896|publisher=S. Sonnenschein & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich/page/10 10]–11}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Indian solar month names are significant in [[Epigraphy|epigraphical]] studies of South Asia. For example, ''Vrischika'' month, along with other solar months are found inscribed in medieval era temples. The ''Vrischika'' month, along with the other months, is found inscribed in [[Chola Empire]] monuments.<ref>{{cite book|author=E Hultzsch|title=Epigraphia Indica|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MxE9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA277|year= 1906|publisher=Education Society Press|pages=269, 279–280}}</ref><br />
<br />
Vrschika is also an astrological sign in Indian horoscope systems, corresponding to [[Scorpio (astrology)]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Bangalore V. Raman|title=Studies in Jaimini Astrology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gW2DIFHrxfgC |year=2003|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=978-81-208-1397-7|pages=10–19}}</ref><br />
<br />
Vrishika is also the twenty-fourth month in the [[Darian calendar]] for the planet [[Mars]], when the [[Sun]] traverses the western sector of the constellation [[Ophiuchus]] as seen from Mars.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Hindu calendar}}<br />
{{Nepali calendar}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hindu solar months]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple&diff=456405Kandariya Mahadeva Temple2025-11-22T14:48:58Z<p>Priyupranav: general added citations per standard format and improved wording after review</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Largest Hindu temple in Khajuraho temple complex, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{good article}}<br />
{{Infobox Mandir<br />
| name = Kandariya Mahadeva Temple<br />
| image = Khajuraho.KandariyaMahadeva.jpg<br />
| alt =<br />
| caption =<br />
|coordinates = {{coord|24.8530|N|79.9197|E|display=title,inline}} <br />
| country = India<br />
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
| district = [[Chhatarpur district|Chhatarpur]]<br />
| location = [[Khajuraho]]<br />
| map_type = India<br />
| map_size = 270px<br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_relief = yes<br />
| elevation_m =<br />
| deity = [[Shiva]] (Mahadeva)<br />
| festivals=<br />
| architecture = [[North India]]n<br />
| temple_quantity =<br />
| monument_quantity=<br />
| inscriptions =<br />
| year_completed = ''circa'' 1025-1050 CE<br />
| creator = [[Vidyadhara (Chandela ruler)|Vidyadhara]]<br />
| website =<br />
}}<br />
The '''Kandariya Mahadeva Temple''' ([[Devanagari]]: कंदारिया महादेव मंदिर, '''{{IAST|Kandāriyā Mahādeva}} Mandir'''), meaning "the Great God of the [[Cave]]", is the largest and most ornate [[Hindu temple]] in the medieval temple group found at [[Khajuraho]] in [[Madhya Pradesh, India]]. It is considered as one of the best examples of [[Temple|temples]] preserved from the medieval period in [[India]]. Because of its outstanding preservation and testimony to the [[Chandela]] culture, the temple was inscribed on the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage List]] in 1986.<ref name = "unesco">{{cite web|title=Khajuraho Group of Monuments |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/240 |website = UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher = United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization |access-date = 25 June 2023}}</ref><br />
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==Location==<br />
[[File:Khajuraho temples map.jpg|thumb|right|Temples layout map of Khajuraho Group of Monuments: Kandariya Mahadeva Temple is in the western group]]<br />
Kandariya Mahadeva Temple is located in the [[Chhatarpur district]] of Madhya Pradesh in [[Central India]].{{Sfn|Ring|Salkin|Boda|1994|p=468}} It is in the [[Khajuraho]] village, and the temple complex is spread over an area of {{Convert|6|km2}}.<ref name = "unesco"/> It is in the western part of the village to the west of the [[Vishnu]] temple.<ref name=Orient>{{Cite web|url=http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/india/khajuraho/kandariya.php|title=Kandariya Temple (built c. 1025–1050)|publisher=Oriental Architecture}}</ref>{{Sfn|Abram|2003|pp=420–21}}<br />
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The temple complex, in the Khajuraho village at an elevation of {{Convert|282|m}}, is well connected by road, rail and air services. Khajuraho is {{Convert|55|km}} to the south of [[Mahoba]], {{Convert|47|km}} away from the [[Chhatarpur]] city to its east, {{Convert|43|km}} away from [[Panna, Madhya Pradesh|Panna]], {{Convert|175|km}} by road away from [[Jhansi]] on the north, and {{Convert|600|km}} to the south - east of [[Delhi]]. It is {{Convert|9|km}} from the railway station.{{Sfn|Ring|Salkin|Boda|1994|p=468}}<ref name=Physical>{{Cite web|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/38879/11/11_chapter%202.pdf|title=Physical and Regional Setting of Khajuraho|publisher=Shodhganga – INFLIBNET Centre}}</ref> Khajuraho is served by [[Khajuraho Airport]] (IATA Code: HJR), with services to Delhi, [[Agra]] and [[Mumbai]]. It is {{Convert|6|km}} from the temple.<ref name=Physical/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/khajuraho_generalinfo.jsp|title=Khajuraho airport|access-date=12 August 2015|publisher=Airport Authority of India (AAI)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708201920/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/khajuraho_generalinfo.jsp|archive-date=8 July 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
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==History==<br />
Khajuraho was once the capital of the [[Chandela]] dynasty. The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, one of the best examples of temples preserved from the medieval period in India,{{Sfn|Ring|Salkin|Boda|1994|p=468}}<ref name= Bhatnagar>{{Cite web|last=Bhatnagar|first=Asgwini|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99mar20/saturday/head1.htm|title=Ode to immortality Celebrating 1000 years of celestial ecstasy|date=20 March 1999|work=The Tribune}}</ref> is the largest of the western group of temples in the Khajuraho complex which was built by the Chandela rulers. Shiva is the chief deity in the temple deified in the [[sanctum sanctorum]].<ref name=Art>{{Cite web|url=http://education.asianart.org/explore-resources/background-information/kandariya-mahadeva-temple|title=Kandariya Mahadeva Temple|publisher=Asian Art Museum|access-date=10 August 2015|archive-date=22 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622154801/http://education.asianart.org/explore-resources/background-information/kandariya-mahadeva-temple|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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The Kandariya Mahadeva temple was built during the reign of [[Vidyadhara (Chandela ruler)|Vidyadhara]] (r. c. 1003-1035 CE).{{sfn|Sushil Kumar Sullerey|2004|p=26}} At various periods of the reign of this dynasty many famous temples dedicated to Vishnu, Shiva, Surya, Shakti of the Hindu religion and also for the [[Thirthankara]]s of [[Jain religion]] were built. Vidhyadhara, also known as Bida in the recordings of the [[Muslim]] historian [[Ali ibn al-Athir|Ibn-al-Athir]] was a powerful ruler who fought [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] in the first offensive launched by the latter in 1019.{{Sfn|Ring|Salkin|Boda|1994|p=468}} This battle was not conclusive and Mahmud had to return to [[Ghazni]]. Mahmud again waged war against Vidhyadhara in 1022. He attacked the [[Kalinjar Fort|fort of Kalinjar]].{{Sfn|Ring|Salkin|Boda|1994|p=468}} The siege of the fort was unsuccessful. It was lifted and Mahmud and Vidhyadhara called a truce and parted by exchanging gifts. Vidhyadhara celebrated his success over Mahmud and other rulers by building the Kaṇḍāriyā Mahādeva Temple, dedicated to his family deity Shiva. Epigraphic inscriptions on a [[pilaster]] of the [[mandapa]] in the temple mentions the name of the builder of the temple as Virimda, which is interpreted as the pseudonym of Vidhyadhara.{{Sfn|Ring|Salkin|Boda|1994|p=468}} Its construction is dated to the period between 1025 and 1050 CE.{{Sfn|Abram|2003|pp=420–21}}<br />
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All the extant temples in Khajuraho including the Kandariya Mahadeva Temple were inscribed in 1986 under the [[UNESCO]] [[List of World Heritage Sites]] under Criterion III for its artistic creation and under Criterion V for the culture of the Chandelas that was dominant until the country was invaded by [[Muslims]] in 1202.<ref name = "unesco"/><ref name=Advisory>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/240.pdf|title= Evaluation Report:World Heritage List No 240 |access-date=12 August 2015|publisher=UNESCO Organization}}</ref><br />
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==Features==<br />
[[File:Architecture of the Khajuraho temples.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Various features of the temple marked on the Kandariya Mahadeva Temple.]]<br />
[[File:Plan of Kandariya Mahadeva temple.jpg|thumb|right|Simplified map of the temple]]<br />
The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, {{Convert|31| m}} in height, is in the western complex, which is the largest among the three groups of the Khajuraho complex of temples.<ref name=Brit>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/place/Kandarya-Mahadeva|title=Kandarya Mahadeva|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> This western group of temples, consisting of the Kandariya, Matangeshwara and [[Vishvanatha Temple, Khajuraho|Vishvanatha]] temples, is compared to a "cosmic design of a hexagon (a [[yantra]] or Cosmo gram)" representing the three forms of Shiva.<ref name=Physical/> The temple architecture is an assemblage of porches and towers which terminates in a [[shikhara]] or spire, a feature which was common from the 10th century onwards in the temples of Central India.<ref name=Brit/><br />
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The temple is founded on a massive plinth of {{Convert|4|m}} height.<ref name=Museum>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mwr.org.tw/content_en/exhibitions/permanent-exhibition/sub_12.aspx|title=The Greatest Sacred Buildings|publisher=Museum of World Religions|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207105433/http://www.mwr.org.tw/content_en/exhibitions/permanent-exhibition/sub_12.aspx|archive-date=7 February 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The temple structure above the plinth is dexterously planned and pleasingly detailed.{{Sfn|Allen|1991|p=210}} The superstructure is built in a steep mountain shape or form, symbolic of [[Mount Meru]] which is said to be the mythical source of creation of the world.<ref name=Art/> The superstructure has richly decorated roofs which rise in a grand form terminating in the shikara, which has 84 miniature spires.{{Sfn|Abram|2003|pp=420–21}} The temple is in layout of {{Convert|6|km2}}, of which 22 are extant including the Kaṇḍāriyā Mahādeva Temple. This temple is characteristically built over a plan of {{Convert|31|m}} in length and {{Convert|20|m}} in width with the main tower soaring to a height of {{Convert|31|m}}, and is called the "largest and grandest temple of Khajuraho".<ref name= "unesco"/>{{Sfn|Allen|1991|p=210}}{{Sfn|Abram|2003|p=420-21}} A series of steep steps with high rise lead from the ground level to the entrance to the temple.{{Sfn|Ross|2009|pp=280–81}} The layout of the temple is a five-part design, a commonality with the Lakshmana and Vishvanatha temples in the Khajuraho complex. Right at the entrance there is [[torana]], a very intricately carved garland which is sculpted from a single stone; such entrances are part of a Hindu wedding procession.{{Sfn|Abram|2003|pp=420–21}} The carvings on the entrance gate shows the "tactile quality of the stone and also the character of the symmetrical design" that is on view in the entire temple which has high relief carvings of the figurines. Finely chiseled, the decorative quality of the ornamentation with the sharp inscribed lines has "strong angular forms and brilliant dark-light patterns". The carvings are of circles, undulations giving off spirals or sprays, geometric patterns, masks of lions and other uniform designs which has created a pleasant picture that is unique to this temple, among all others in the complex.{{Sfn|Allen|1991|p=210}}<br />
[[File:Kandariya mahadeva temple.jpg|right|thumb|The main temple tower with 84 mini spires]]<br />
[[File:India-5690 - Flickr - archer10 (Dennis).jpg|thumb|right|Erotic bas-relief sculptures on the external walls of the temple]]<br />
In the interior space from the entrance there are three mandapas or halls, which successively rise in height and width, which is inclusive of a small chamber dedicated to Shiva, a chamber where the Shiva linga, the phallic emblem of Shiva is deified. The sanctum sanctorum is surrounded by interlinked passages which also have side and front balconies. Due to inadequate natural light in the balconies the sanctum has very little light thus creating a "cave like atmosphere" which is in total contrast to the external parts of the temple.{{Sfn|Abram|2003|pp=420–21}}<ref name=Museum/>{{Sfn|Ross|2009|p=281}}{{Sfn|Asher|Talbot|2006|pp=16–17}} In the interior halls of the temple and on its exterior faces there are elaborately carved sculptures of gods and goddesses, musicians and apsaras or nymphs.{{Sfn|Abram|2003|pp=420–21}} The huge pillars of the halls have architectural features of the "vine or scroll motif". In the corners of the halls there are insets which are carved on the surface with incised patterns.{{Sfn|Allen|1991|p=210}} There is a main tower above the sanctum and there are two other towers above the other mantapas also in the shape of "semi-rounded, stepped, pyramidal form with progressively greater height". The main tower is encircled by a series of interlinked towers and spires of smaller size.{{Sfn|Ross|2009|p=282}} These are in the form of a repeated subset of miniature spires that abut a central core which gives the temple an unevenly cut contour similar to the shape of a mountain range of mount [[Kailasa]] of the [[Himalayas]] where god Shiva resides, which is appropriate to the theme of the temples here.{{Sfn|Asher|Talbot|2006|pp=16–17}}<br />
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The exterior surfaces of the temples are entirely covered with sculptures in three vertical layers.{{Sfn|Abram|2003|pp=420–21}} Here, there are horizontal ribbons carved with images, which shine bright in the sun light, providing rhythmic architectural features. Among the images of gods and heavenly beings, [[Agni]], the god of fire is prominent.{{Sfn|Allen|1991|p=210}} They are niches where erotic sculptures are fitted all round which are a major attraction among visitors. Some of these erotic sculptures are very finely carved and are in [[mithuna]] (coitus) postures with maidens flanking the couple, which is a frequently noted motif. There is also a "male figure suspended upside" in coitus posture, a kind of yogic pose, down on his head.{{Sfn|Abram|2003|pp=420–21}} The niches also have sculptures of [[Saptamatrikas]], the septad of mother goddesses along with the gods [[Ganesha]] and [[Virabhadra]]. The seven fearful protector goddesses include: Brahmi seated on a swan of [[Brahma]]; Maheshwari with three eyes seated on Shiva's bull [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]]; Kumari; [[Vaishnavi (Matrika goddess)|Vaishnavi]] mounted on [[Garuda]]; the boar-headed [[Varahi]]; the lion-headed [[Narasimhi]] and [[Chamunda]], the slayer of demons Chanda and Munda.{{Sfn|Abram|2003|pp=420–21}} The image of Sardula, a mythical creature with lion face and human limbs in lower panel is a unique figure seen in the temple.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Grand temples of Madhya Pradesh|journal=Tattvaloka|date=September 2018|volume=XLI|issue=6|publisher=Sri Abhinava Vidyatheertha Mahaswamigal Educational Trust|location=[[Sringeri]]|issn=0970-8901|last=Ramakrishna|first=Lalitha|pages=47–52}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book|last= Abram |first=David |title=Rough Guide to India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAMik_6LbwUC&pg=PA420|year=2003|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-84353-089-3}}<br />
* {{cite book|last= Allen |first=Margaret Prosser |title=Ornament in Indian Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vyXxEX5PQH8C&pg=PA210|date=1 January 1991|publisher=University of Delaware Press|isbn=978-0-87413-399-8}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1= Asher |first1=Catherine B. |last2= Talbot |first2=Cynthia |title=India Before Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA16|date=16 March 2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-80904-7}}<br />
* {{cite book|last= Kramrisch |first=Stella |title=The Presence of Siva|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cjqfkgD6YCAC&pg=PA459|year=1988|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0491-3}}<br />
* {{cite book|last= Leuthold |first=Steven |title=Cross-Cultural Issues in Art: Frames for Understanding|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z9GsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA133|date=16 December 2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-85455-2}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1= Ring |first1=Trudy |last2= Salkin |first2=Robert M.|last3=Boda|first3=Sharon La |title=International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vWLRxJEU49EC&pg=PA468|year=1994|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-884964-04-6}}<br />
* {{cite book|last= Ross |first=Leslie D. |title=Art and Architecture of the World's Religions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0EXyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA281|date=4 June 2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-34287-5}}<br />
* {{cite book |author=Sushil Kumar Sullerey |title=Chandella Art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rj8RusFpYHIC&pg=PA25 |year=2004 |publisher=Aakar |isbn=978-81-87879-32-9 }}<br />
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==Further reading==<br />
* Michell, George; Singh, Snehal. [https://web.archive.org/web/20051026221034/http://news-sv.aij.or.jp/jabs/s1/jabs0208-013.PDF#search=%22kandariya%20mahadeva%22 Hindu temples of India] (PDF)<br />
* Surface, Space and Intention: The Parthenon and the Kandariya Mahadeva. Gregory D. Alles. ''History of Religions'', Vol. 28, No.1, August 1988, pp.&nbsp;1–36.<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Kandariya Mahadeva Temple}}<br />
* [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1000_1099/kandariya/kandariya.html Website with pictures of the Kandariya Mahadeva temple.]<br />
* [http://personal.carthage.edu/jlochtefeld/picturepages/Khajuraho/architecture.html The architecture of Khajuraho temples] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302071937/http://personal.carthage.edu/jlochtefeld/picturepages/Khajuraho/architecture.html |date=2 March 2016 }}<br />
* [https://www.academia.edu/347639/Hindu_Temple_Fractals William J. Jackson, Academia website]<br />
* [http://greatancientindia.com/kandariya-mahadeva-temple-khajuraho/ Detailed Article on Kandariya Mahadeva Temple.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526104245/http://greatancientindia.com/kandariya-mahadeva-temple-khajuraho/ |date=26 May 2021 }}<br />
{{World Heritage Sites in India}}<br />
{{Khajuraho Group of Monuments}}<br />
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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kandariya Mahadeva Temple}}<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1050]]<br />
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in the 1050s]]<br />
[[Category:11th-century Hindu temples]]<br />
[[Category:Shiva temples in Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples in Khajuraho]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples sacked in the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medipally_Nakkartha,_Telangana&diff=517132Medipally Nakkartha, Telangana2025-11-04T13:52:43Z<p>Priyupranav: starting pg</p>
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<div>{{refimprove|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Medipalli Nakkerta<br />
| native_name = Nakkerta Medipally<br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = Medipally<br />
| settlement_type = Village<br />
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| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India<br />
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|17.003|N|78.654|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = Ranga Reddy<br />
| established_title = <br />
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| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
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| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
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| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 501509<br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]<br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = Ibrahim Patanam<br />
| website = {{URL|telangana.gov.in}}<br />
| footnotes = <br />
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}}<br />
<br />
'''Medipally Nakkartha''' is a village located in [[Yacharam]] Mandal, [[Rangareddy district]], [[Telangana]], India, with a population of approximately 5,000 people.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2011 |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=May 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=2022-07-11}}</ref> This village has a high school and a primary school, both are run by the government of Telangana. The primary languages used are that of Telugu and Urdu. The village sits at an elevation of 523 meters above the sea level.<br />
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== History ==<br />
This village was under the control of Deshpandya and Deshmuk (Venkatrama Rao and Palamkush Rao). It was controlled by Grama Karnamu (Patvari), Grama Munsib (Police Inspector Karnati Jogi Reddy and Nijamuddin), and Grama Mali Patel (Revenue officer). The village was under the constituency of Ranga Reddy (Dist). Its name was formed with the combination of two villages, named Nakkartha and Medipally. A nearby village [http://www.onefivenine.com/india/villages/Jammu/Jammu/Nanak-Nagar Nanak Nagar] was also part of this village Panchayat until 1986.<br />
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== Geography ==<br />
Nakkartha Medipally is located on the 17.003° north latitude and 78.654° east longitude. It has an average elevation of about {{convert|585|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}} above sea level. The total area of the village is 2018 [[hectares]]. It is located in the Yacharam Mandal of Ranga Reddy district in [[Telangana]], India. Near the well known [[Nagarjuna Sagar]] about 7&nbsp;km away and is surrounded by the mountains on three sides.<br />
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== Politics ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Sl.No !! Sarpanch !! Party !! Time period<br />
|-<br />
| 01 || Gulam Yuddani || - || Example<br />
|-<br />
| 02 || Thota Achhaiah || Example || Example<br />
|-<br />
| 03 || Karnati Yadagiri Reddy || Example || Example<br />
|-<br />
| 04 || Karnati Ranga Reddy || Example || Example<br />
|-<br />
| 05 || Likki Nirmalamma || Example || Example<br />
|-<br />
| 06 || Boda Krishna || Example || Example<br />
|-<br />
| 07 || Erkala Balraj Goud || Example || Example<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| 08 || Pasha Basha || Congress || 2014–present<br />
|}<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Villages in Ranga Reddy district]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Forest,_Environment_%26_Climate_Change_(Jharkhand)&diff=496230Department of Forest, Environment & Climate Change (Jharkhand)2025-10-09T15:25:19Z<p>Priyupranav: New - done</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Department of the Government of Jharkhand}}<br />
<!-- Important, do not remove anything above this line before article has been created. --><br />
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{{Infobox government agency<br />
| agency_name = Department of Forest, Environment & Climate Change<br />
| native_name = वन, पर्यावरण एवं जलवायु परिवर्तन विभाग<br />
| type = Department<br />
| seal = Jharkhand Rajakiya Chihna.svg<br />
| seal_size = 170<br />
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Jharkhand]]<br />
| headquarters = Van Bhawan, Doranda, [[Ranchi]], [[Jharkhand]]<br />
| minister1_name = [[Hemant Soren]]<br />
| minister1_pfo = Minister in charge<br />
| chief1_name = Aboobacker Siddique P, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<br />
| chief1_position = [[Secretary]]<br />
| chief2_name = Ashok Kumar<br />
| chief2_position = [[Principal Chief Conservator of Forests|PCCF]] & [[Head of Forest Forces|HoFF]]<br />
| website = {{URL|https://forest.jharkhand.gov.in/index.aspx|Official Website}}<br />
| mapframe = yes<br />
| mapframe-coordinates = {{Coordinates|23.34274|85.32104|display=inline,title}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Department of Forest, Environment & Climate Change''' is a department of the [[Government of Jharkhand]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Forest, Environment & Climate Change |url=https://forest.jharkhand.gov.in/index.aspx |access-date=13 Sep 2025 |website=forest.jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Forest, Environment & Climate Change |url=https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/PDepartment?department=0f9d76428568fcad70cb130b20f4638e |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Forest, Environment & Climate Change Department, Jharkhand {{!}} National Government Services Portal |url=https://services.india.gov.in/service/detail/forest-environment-and-climate-change-department-jharkhand-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250209012608/https://services.india.gov.in/service/detail/forest-environment-and-climate-change-department-jharkhand-1 |archive-date=2025-02-09 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=services.india.gov.in |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> It is responsible for the management and conservation of forests and wildlife, regulation of environmental protection measures and the implementation of climate change policy in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Objectives of Jharkhand Forest Department |url=https://appforest.jharkhand.gov.in/About_us/objective.aspx |access-date=13 Sep 2025 |website=appforest.jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand forest department eyes localised approaches to address vulnerabilities to climate changes |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/jharkhand-forest-department-eyes-localised-approaches-to-address-vulnerabilities-to-climate-changes/cid/2079080 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref> The department also oversees afforestation, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable management of natural resources.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vision of Jharkhand Forest Department |url=https://appforest.jharkhand.gov.in/About_us/vission.aspx |access-date=13 Sep 2025 |website=appforest.jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2024-08-07 |title=Plant at least one tree: Hemant Soren urges people |url=https://theprint.in/india/plant-at-least-one-tree-hemant-soren-urges-people/2212584/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 Jan 2025 |title=Rapid desertification in state matter of concern |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/rapid-desertification-in-state-matter-of-concern/articleshow/117436539.cms |access-date=13 Sep 2025 |work=Times of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Ministerial Team ==<br />
The Department is headed by the Cabinet Minister for Forest, Environment & Climate Change, who is supported by senior [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) officers. The current minister in charge is [[Hemant Soren]], while the present Secretary of the department is Aboobacker Siddique P, an IAS officer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Forest, Environment & Climate Change {{!}} Who's Who |url=https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/PDepartment/WebDirectory?department=0f9d76428568fcad70cb130b20f4638e |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=SNS |date=2025-01-21 |title=Jharkhand pushes for climate resilience with state-level workshop |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/jharkhand-pushes-for-climate-resilience-with-state-level-workshop-1503389103.html |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Government of Jharkhand]]<br />
* [[Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board]]<br />
* [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]]<br />
* [[Palamau Tiger Reserve]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://forest.jharkhand.gov.in Official website of the Department of Forest, Environment & Climate Change, Government of Jharkhand]<br />
* [https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/forest Government of Jharkhand – Forest Department portal]<br />
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[[Category:Government departments of Jharkhand]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shastriji_Maharaj&diff=460410Shastriji Maharaj2025-10-03T00:52:04Z<p>Priyupranav: updated page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian spiritual leader}}<br />
{{pp-sock|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox Hindu leader<br />
| name = Shastriji Maharaj<br />
| image = Shastriji Maharaj Sarangpur.jpg<br />
| caption = Shastriji Maharaj<br />
| religion = [[Hinduism]]<br />
| birth_date = 31 January 1865<br />
| birth_place = Mahelav, [[Gujarat]], [[India]]<br />
| birth_name = Dungar Patel<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|1951|5|10|1865|1|31|df=yes}}<br />
| death_place = [[Sarangpur, Gujarat]], [[India]]<br />
| founder = [[Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha]] (BAPS)<br />
| denomination = [[Swaminarayan Sampradaya]], [[BAPS]]<br />
| monastic_name = Yagnapurushdas Swami<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Bhagatji Maharaj]]<br />
| successor1 = [[Yogiji Maharaj]]<br />
| philosophy = [[Akshar-Purushottam Darshan]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Shastriji Maharaj''' (31 January 1865 – 10 May 1951), born Dungar Patel<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006">{{cite book|last=Amrutvijaydas|first=Sadhu|title=Shastriji Maharaj Life and Work|year=2006|publisher=Swaminarayan Aksharpith|location=Amdavad|isbn=978-81-7526-305-5}}</ref>{{Rp|3}} and ordained Shastri Yagnapurushdas, was a [[swami]] of the [[Swaminarayan Sampraday]]a and founder of the [[Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha]] (BAPS).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=An Introduction to Swaminarayan Hindu theology|last=Paramtattvadas, Sadhu|isbn=9781107158672|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom|oclc=964861190|date = 17 August 2017}}</ref>{{Rp|22}} Several branches accept him as the third spiritual successor of [[Swaminarayan]] in the lineage of Aksharbrahma Gurus through whom Swaminarayan manifests, which began with [[Gunatitanand Swami]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond Brady|title=An introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2018|isbn=978-1-108-42114-0|edition=3rd|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom|oclc=1038043717|quote=Gunatitanand Swami established a line of spiritual authorities [...] The theory is that Swaminarayan is always manifest in the perfect disciples who have continued a line of succession from Gunatitanand."}}</ref>{{Rp|61–62}}<ref>Raymond Williams (2017), ''Williams on South Asian Religions and Immigration: Collected Works'': "A further development of the doctrine came with the teaching that akshar continually manifests on earth in the form of the perfect devotee. This implies a succession of persons who are the earthly manifestations of this divine principle. Gunatitanand Swami was the first in this spiritual lineage."</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Musana|first=Paddy|title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: tradition, adaptation and identity|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-908657-3|editor-last=Williams|editor-first=Raymond Williams|edition=1st|location=New Delhi, India|chapter=Swaminarayan Hinduism in Uganda and the Kampala temple|oclc=948338914|editor-last2=Trivedi|editor-first2=Yogi}}</ref>{{Rp|329–330}} Born in a family of farmers in central [[Gujarat]], India, he became a swami within the [[Laxmi Narayan Dev Gadi|Vadtal diocese]] of the [[Swaminarayan Sampraday]]a at the age of 17 where he was given the name Yagnapurushdas Swami.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006" />{{Rp|35}} The prefix Shastri was later added in recognition of his eminent scholarship in [[Sanskrit]] and the Hindu scriptures.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/>{{Rp|40}}<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|22}} He established BAPS after a doctrinal split from the Vadtal diocese of the Swaminarayan Sampradaya.<ref name="williams2001">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=An Introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontosw0000will|url-access=registration|year=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-0-521-65422-7}}</ref>{{Rp|54}}<br />
<br />
Shastriji Maharaj is credited with establishing BAPS on 5 June 1907 CE in Bochasan, Gujarat<ref name="williams2001"/> to propagate the [[Akshar-Purushottam Upasana]] (worship of Akshar (guru) and [[Purushottama]] (Swaminarayan)), which according to him had been revealed by Swaminarayan and was passed on to him from his own guru, [[Bhagatji Maharaj]]. As staunch proponent of this mode of worship, he consecrated the sacred images of Swaminarayan (as a manifestation of Purushottam) and Gunatitanand Swami (as a manifestation of Akshar) in the central shrines of major mandirs in the towns of [[Bochasan]], [[Sarangpur, Gujarat|Sarangpur]], Atladara (now an area of [[Vadodara]]), [[Gondal, India|Gondal]], and [[Gadhada]] in Gujarat, India.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal|last=Kim|first=Hanna|date=December 2009|title=Public Engagement and Personal Desires: BAPS Swaminarayan Temples and their Contribution to the Discourses on Religion|journal=International Journal of Hindu Studies|publisher=Springer|volume=13|issue=3|pages=357–390|doi=10.1007/s11407-010-9081-4|s2cid=4980801}}</ref>{{Rp|365}}<br />
<br />
In the early 1950s, having successfully laid the foundations of BAPS, he appointed [[Pramukh Swami Maharaj]] as its administrative head to serve under [[Yogiji Maharaj]], whom he appointed as his spiritual successor.<ref name="williams2001" />{{Rp|60}}<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
[[File:Shasriji Maharaj birthplace - Mahuva, India.jpg|left|thumb|225x225px|Birthplace and Childhood home of Shastriji Maharaj (Dungar Patel) in Mahelav, Gujarat]]<br />
Dungar Patel was born on 31 January 1865 in Mahelav into a deeply religious family.<ref name="autogenerated2008">{{cite book|title=Shastriji Maharaj|last=Dave|first=Kishore|publisher=Swaminarayan Aksharpith|year=2008|isbn=978-81-7526-129-7|location=Amdavad}}</ref>{{Rp|2}} His parents, Dhoribhai and Hetba Patel had 4 other children, Mathurbhai, Laldas, Sonaba and Raliatben, of which Dungar was the youngest.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/>{{Rp|3}}<br />
Various anecdotes of Shastriji Maharaj's childhood demonstrate his early spiritual inclination and intellectual prowess. These include his preference for building mandirs out of sand while other children his age played with toys, his observance of religious fasts from a young age<ref>{{cite journal|title=Shastriji Maharaj|journal=Swaminarayan Bliss|date=September 1993|editor1-first=Sadhu|editor1-last=Vivekjivandas}}</ref> and an impromptu recital of the [[Mahabharata]] to the entire village.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/>{{Rp|21}}<br />
He first received formal education at the village school under the tutelage of Gangaram Mehta of Alindra.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/>{{Rp|13}} In addition to this, Dungar often interacted with swamis at the Swaminarayan temple in Mahelav and began studying the [[Bhagavad Gita]] and other Hindu scriptures under them. This initial education would be further enhanced under Vignananand Swami<ref name="autogenerated2008"/>{{Rp|13}} an illustrious and eminent swami who had been initiated by Swaminarayan.<br />
<br />
Dungar initially came into contact with Vignananand Swami during the [[Chaitra]] festival in 1881<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/>{{Rp|23}} whereupon the Swami impressed Dungar with his spirituality and renunciation of material objects. Having found a suitable senior swami to learn under in Vignananand Swami, Dungar decided to become a swami himself<ref name="autogenerated2008"/>{{Rp|22}} and live a life of devotional service and asceticism. During this period, Dungar immersed himself in devotional service and scriptural study.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/> His meticulousness and dedication to his duties caught the attention of Acharya Viharilalji Maharaj (the Acharya of the Vadtal diocese)<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/><ref name=":2">{{cite journal|date=January 2010|editor1-last=Vivekjivandas|editor1-first=Sadhu|title=Shastriji Maharaj in the eyes of... Acharya Viharilalji Maharaj|journal=Swaminarayan Bliss|location=Ahmedabad|publisher=Swaminarayan Aksharpith|pages=7–17}}</ref> and Gordhanbhai Kothari (Chief Administrator of the Vadtal diocese),<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/><ref name=":2" /> both of whom shared a love and admiration for Dungar that would persist despite the doctrinal differences that would later emerge.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/><br />
<br />
Dungar continued to excel in his studies of the Sarasvat<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/> and other Sanskrit texts. He was also very adept in temple management. Taking note of this, Vignananand Swami entrusted him, while still in his teens, with the administrative duties of Surat mandir<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/> with a view of initiating him as a swami at the earliest opportunity.<br />
<br />
== As a swami ==<br />
[[File:Pragji Bhakta.jpg|thumb|189x189px|Bhagatji Maharaj, 2nd spiritual successor of Swaminarayan and guru of Shastriji Maharaj]]<br />
Dungar was initiated as a Swaminarayan swami on 29 November 1882 in Vadtal by Acharya Viharilalji Maharaj,<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/> the head of the Vadtal diocese of the [[Swaminarayan Sampraday]]a. He was given the name Yagnapurushdas Swami.<ref name="williams2001" />{{Rp|55}}<br />
After his initiation, Shastri Yagnapurushdas resumed his duties as administrator of Surat mandir<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/> and continued to serve under Vignanand Swami. Soon, a large festival was held in Surat and prominent swamis and devotees, including [[Bhagatji Maharaj]], came to celebrate the occasion.<ref name="autogenerated2008"/> During the evening discourse, Shastri Yagnapurushdas wondered how Bhagatji Maharaj, a tailor by profession, could simultaneously stitch and speak with such profound spirituality. Bhagatji Maharaj answered Yagnapurushdas' unasked question by saying, "A man of true knowledge has countless eyes and can see from anywhere."<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/><br />
<br />
Intrigued by this experience, Shastri Yagnapurushdas began spending increasing amounts of time listening to Bhagatji Maharaj's discourses, eventually accepting him as his guru. Once, Bhagatji Maharaj explained that only after understanding [[Gunatitanand Swami|Swami Gunatitanand]] as Akshar and [[Swaminarayan|Shriji Maharaj]] as Narayan could one be said to have complete faith in Swaminarayan. Shastri Yagnapurushdas was skeptical of this statement since his guru, Vignananand Swami, who had been a paramhansa under Swaminarayan for many years, had never mentioned it before. However, when Vignananand Swami confirmed that he also believed in this truth, having heard it on numerous occasions from Swaminarayan himself, Shastri Yagnapurushdas was convinced.<ref name="autogenerated238">{{cite book|last=Dave|first=Harshadrai|title=Brahmaswarup Shri Pragji Bhakta: Life and Work|year=2011|publisher=Swaminarayan Aksharpith|location=Amdavad|isbn=978-81-7526-425-0|pages=238–241}}</ref> Thereafter, Bhagatji Maharaj began explaining the Akshar-Purushottam Upasana to Shastri Yagnapurushdas. One important discourse involved Vachnamrut Loya 12,<ref name="autogenerated238"/> which explained the concept of Akshar and Purushottam. Bhagatji Maharaj explained that Gunatitanand Swami was the ideal devotee of Swaminarayan and all devotees should aspire to become like him in order to develop firm conviction in Purushottam. Shastri Yagnapurushdas became a staunch proponent of the Akshar-Purushottam Upasana and began spreading this philosophy despite opposition from some members of the Vadtal diocese of the Swaminarayan Sampradaya.<ref name="williams2001"/><br />
Under Bhagatji Maharaj, Shastri Yagnapurushdas also refined his knowledge of the major Hindu scriptures and the [[Vachanamrut]] before undergoing periods of tutelage under Tyaganand Brahmachari<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/> and undertaking a course on Sanskrit studies under the famous Rangacharya of the Madhva Sampradaya.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/> His powerful intellect and thirst for knowledge had a profound impact on Rangacharya and they become close friends.<br />
<br />
During the murti-pratishta of the Lakshmi-Vadi mandir in Gadhada, the famous Sanskrit scholar, Shri Mahidhar Shastri challenged members of the Swaminarayan Sampradaya to a debate.<ref name="autogenerated2008"/> Mahidhar Shastri laughed in derision when he saw the young Shastri Yagnapurushdas rising up to confront him. At this point, Rangacharya said, "The virtuous are revered due to their virtue, not their gender or age.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/>" Shastri Yangnapurushdas went on to comprehensively defeat Mahidhar Shastri and further enhanced his reputation as a scholar par-excellence. After this incident, Acharya Viharilalji Maharaj began to take a personal interest in Shastri Yagnapurushdas's studies, once confiding to Bhagatji Maharaj that, "Yagnapurushdas's studies are essential to the advancement of the Sampradaya."<ref name=":2" /> <br />
Shastri Yagnapurushdas continued to serve under Bhagatji Maharaj and formed a close bond with his guru. After the death of Bhagatji Maharaj on 7 November 1897, Shastri Yagnapurushdas firmly took on the mantle of propagating the Akshar-Purushottam philosophy.<br />
<br />
== Formation of BAPS ==<br />
{{main|Akshar-Purushottam Darshan}}<br />
<br />
The foundations for the establishment of BAPS were laid in 1905 when a combination of factors caused Shastri Yagnapurushdas to leave the Vadtal temple. The major reason for Shastri Yagnapurushdas' departure was his belief in the doctrine of [[Akshar-Purushottam Darshan|Akshar-Purushottam]], regarding Gunatitanand as "the true spiritual successor of Swaminarayan."<ref name="williams2001" />{{Rp|55}} His identification of Gunatitanand Swami as the personal form of Akshar was a paradigm shift that led to "opposition and hostility"<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|363}} from many within the Vadtal diocese.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
A major incident that exacerbated the hostility was Shastriji Maharaj's stipulation that Acharya Kunjvihariprasadji consecrate the [[murti]]s of Akshar (Gunatitanand Swami) and Purushottam (Swaminarayan) in the Vadhwan mandir if Shastriji Maharaj assisted in providing the land for the temple.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/> Gordhanbhai Kothari's benevolent attitude towards Shastriji Maharaj led to further hostility from a section of the Vadtal swamis.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/>[[File:BAPS Mandir Bochasan.jpg|left|thumb|BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Bochasan. The first mandir of BAPS.]]<br />
[[File:BAPS Mandir Bochasan, Akshar Purshottam Idols.jpg|left|thumb|[[Akshar Purushottam|Akshar-Purushottam Maharaj]] in the central shrine of BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Bochasan.]]<br />
Furthermore, the failure of some Vadtal swamis to strictly adhere to the monastic vows<ref>{{cite journal|last=Williams|first=Raymond|title=Training Religious Specialists for a Transnational Hinduism: A Swaminarayan Sadhu Training Center|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion|year=1998|volume=66|issue=4|pages=841–862|jstor=1466174|doi=10.1093/jaarel/66.4.841}}</ref> dictated by Swaminarayan and fear of some officials that Shastriji Maharaj would install an image of Gunatitanand Swami in the main shrine of the Vadtal temple <ref>{{cite book|last=Waghorne|first=Joanne|title=Gods of flesh, gods of stone: the embodiment of divinity in India|year=1996|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-89012-037-8|pages=148|author2=Norman Cutler }}</ref> led to increased harassment. Matters came to a head on 8 November 1905, when several swamis of the Vadtal diocese attempted to murder Shastri Yagnapurushdas by administering poison.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|365}} The following day, another attempt was made on his life.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006" /> Despite the danger to his life, Shastriji Maharaj was reluctant to separate from the Vadtal diocese.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006" /> Instead he decided to go on a preaching tour to nearby villages, thereby putting some distance between himself and the dangerous elements in Vadtal. However, Acharya Lakshmiprasad attempted to spite Shastrji Maharaj for his previous reprimands on the Acharya's immoral liaisons by refusing to grant Shastriji Maharaj permission to leave the temple and preach in the villages.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006" /><br />
Shastriji Maharaj maintained his reluctance to leave Vadtal. However, Krishnaji Ada, a respected lay leader of the Swaminarayan Sampradaya, met with Shastriji Maharaj and quoted a verse in the [[Shikshapatri]] in which Swaminarayan instructs his followers to leave any place where their life is in danger. Krishnaji Ada argued that, in light of the threats to his life in Vadtal, Shastriji Maharaj would be disobeying the commands of Swaminarayan if he did not leave.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/> Unable to deny this argument, Shastriji Maharaj eventually decided to leave the Vadtal temple with five swamis and a select number of devotees.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|363}}<br />
Although he told everyone that he was not splitting with Vadtal, but just going to preach in the villages, his departure gave his detractors the excuse they were looking for, and Shastri Yagnapurushdas was, as Prof. Raymond Williams observes, "expelled from the fellowship by a hastily called meeting of swamis"<ref name="williams2001" />{{Rp|54}} of the Vadtal diocese. This event marked the beginning of what would become an interminable controversy over Shastri Yagnapurushdas's official status as a part of the Vadtal diocese. Shastri Yagnapurushdas's opponents had convened this meeting to transform his departure from the Vadtal mandir into an official excommunication from the Vadtal diocese. However, his supporters asserted that their order of expulsion was morally illegitimate and legally invalid. They argued that the expulsion was illegitimate as the meeting was held under the leadership of Acharya Lakshmiprasadji, who only a short time later was himself expelled when his immoral activities came to light.<ref name="williams2001" />{{Rp|54}} Moreover, they asserted that the expulsion was legally invalid since the Chief Administrator of the Vadtal diocese, Gordhanbhai Kothari, had refused to sign the order of expulsion. Without his signature, the order was simply a worthless piece of paper with no legal standing.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
As the debate raged, Shastriji Maharaj paid it no heed, but continued to preach in the villages and propagate the [[Akshar-Purushottam Darshan|Akshar-Purushottam doctrine]].<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006" />{{Rp|55–61}} Soon, he began to plan and construct a temple in which Akshar-Purushottam Maharaj would be installed in the central shrine. On 5 June 1907, Shastri Yagnapurushdas consecrated the murtis of Swaminarayan and Gunatitanand Swami in the newly constructed mandir in the village of Bochasan. This marked the beginning of BAPS as an organization since it was the first mandir to have both murtis of Akshar and Purushottam in the central shrine.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/> Shastriji Maharaj continued to propagate the Akshar-Purushottam doctrine and build mandirs, while the coterie of his detractors in the Vadtal diocese continued to attempt to validate his excommunication. Years after the event, they attempted to pressure Gordhanbhai Kothari, then 90 years old and blind, to sign the order of excommunication, but he bluntly refused.<ref name=":2" /> Finally, in 1935, an incident in Swaminarayan mandir in the village of Ishnav led to a lawsuit against Shastriji Maharaj by the Acharya of Vadtal that brought the dispute of Shastriji Maharaj's standing in the Vadtal diocese to its "legal conclusion".<ref name="williams2001" />{{Rp|57}} A group of Shastriji Maharaj's swamis had visited the village of Ishnav and stayed at the local mandir "with the approval of some villagers but against the wishes of the trustee"<ref name="williams2001" />{{Rp|57}} Consequently, the Acharya of Vadtal filed a lawsuit aiming to prohibit swamis of the Akshar-Purushottam Sanstha from using properties belonging to the Vadtal diocese on the grounds that they had been officially excommunicated. Although a local judge upheld the legality of Shastri Yagnapurushdas' expulsion, the verdict was appealed and the District judge, Mr. J.D Kapadiya ruled in favor of Shastri Yagnapurushdas when he stated, "The laws of natural justice have clearly been broken in these proceedings [of 1906], and I have no hesitation in holding that as far as the law courts are concerned they would not recognize the excommunication of defendant No. 1 [Yagnapurushdas]."<ref name="williams2001" />{{Rp|57}} Thus, Judge Kapadiya overturned the ruling of the lower court and validated that Shastri Yagnapurushdas had not been legally excommunicated from the Vadtal diocese.<ref name="williams2001" />{{Rp|58}} However, he cited an affidavit from Shastri Yagnapurushdas to rule that he had succeeded from the Vadtal diocese, and was now the head of an organization independent of "the holders of the Vadatal[sic] or Ahmedabad Gadi. Ultimately, the judge ruled that BAPS swamis did not have the right to stay or preach in the Swaminarayan Sampradaya and he restrained Shastri Yagnapurushdas from sending his swamis to that temple."<ref name="williams2001" />{{Rp|58}}<br />
<br />
==Subsequent activities and later life==<br />
[[File:Shastriji Maharaj and Yogiji Maharaj.jpg|thumb|Shastriji Maharaj (left) with his successor Yogiji Maharaj (right)]]<br />
An important meeting that would have a significant impact on the future of BAPS occurred on 12 August 1910 when Shastriji Maharaj met his eventual spiritual successor, Jhina Bhagat (Yogiji Maharaj<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/>). This meeting in Rajkot ultimately resulted in several swamis from the Vadtal diocese including [[Yogiji Maharaj]] and Krishnacharandas Swami,<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/> leaving to join Shastriji Maharaj.<br />
<br />
Shastriji Maharaj continued to nurture the fledgling [[BAPS]] organization and facilitated its growth by consecrating the murtis of Swaminarayan and [[Gunatitanand Swami]] in four further mandirs in the towns of Sarangpur, Gondal, Atladra and Gadhada.<ref name="autogenerated2008"/> Furthermore, Shastriji Maharaj's captivating discourses and determination enabled BAPS to establish itself in Africa.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/><br />
During this period, Shastriji Maharaj interacted with various Indian freedom fighters such as [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/> and [[Gulzarilal Nanda]].<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/> In the case of Gandhi, Shastri Yagnapurusdas blessed the efforts of the Mahatma during a meeting that took place at the time of the 1930 Dandi [[Salt March]]. Notable devotees of Shastriji Maharaj included Gulzarilal Nanda himself and Dolatram Kripashankar Pandya,<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/> a member of the Vadtal temple committee and famous Sanskrit scholar who started supporting Shastriji Maharaj after listening to a discourse on the Akshar-Purushottam upasana by him.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/><br />
<br />
In the last few years of his life, Shastriji Maharaj took steps to preserve the growth and future of BAPS by registering BAPS as a charitable trust under India's new legal code in 1947.<ref name="williams2001" />{{Rp|60}} In 1950, he appointed Shastri Narayanswarupdas (Pramukh Swami Maharaj) as the administrative head of the organization and instructed him to work under Yogiji Maharaj who would become the spiritual head of the organization.<ref name="williams2001" />{{Rp|60}}<br />
Shastriji Maharaj died on 10 May 1951 in Sarangpur.<ref name="autogenerated2008"/>{{Hindu philosophy}}<br />
<br />
== Legacy and Ideals ==<br />
[[File:Narayanswarupdas and Shastriji Maharaj.jpg|left|thumb|Shastriji Maharaj (right) with the young Narayanswarupdas Swami (Pramukh Swami Maharaj) (left).]]<br />
Shastriji Maharaj's most enduring legacy is the founding of BAPS.<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/><ref name=":0" />{{Rp|22}} His unwavering belief in the Akshar-Purushottam upasana was the chief reason for his departure from Vadtal<ref name="williams2001"/> and is an indication of his conviction towards this philosophy. Under his leadership, there was a "focused emphasis on the building of shikharbaddha mandirs as a means of conveying Swaminarayan upasana."<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|366}}<br />
<br />
His administrative and organizational abilities were apparent during his work as the de facto Kothari of Surat mandir<ref name="autogenerated2008"/> and Kim observes that, "Shastri Maharaj and his small group of followers are revered by satsangis for their resourcefulness and indefatigable efforts to build temples."<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|366}} Further insights into his character reveal that "Shastri Maharaj expected his followers to demonstrate, by their thoughts and actions, their commitment to a peaceful devotional tradition, one that idealizes gestures that directly serve [[Bhagwan]] and Guru."<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|363}} Shastriji Maharaj played an integral part in laying the foundation for the establishment of BAPS overseas through discourses and communication with devotees in Africa.<ref name="autogenerated2008"/> In one such letter, Shastriji Maharaj emphasized his adherence to truth by stating a verse in the Gita-"Nasatyat Param Papam",<ref name="amrutvijaydas2006"/> Untruth is the greatest sin-as one of his important maxims and gave a succinct reasoning for his belief in the Akshar-Purushottam upasana.<br />
<br />
As a charismatic and determined leader, he "overcame obstructions to land acquisition, temple construction, and the dissemination of his teachings and<br />
acquired a loyal and growing group of devotees, admirers, and political supporters, many of whom were formerly associated with the original Vadtal Swaminarayan Sampradaya."<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|365}}<br />
Having laid the foundations of BAPS, he secured the spiritual and administrative future of the organization through the appointments of Yogiji Maharaj and Pramukh Swami Maharaj, respectively.<ref name="autogenerated2008"/>{{Vaishnavism}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Swaminarayan}}<br />
{{BAPS}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maharaj, Shastriji}}<br />
[[Category:Swaminarayan Sampradaya]]<br />
[[Category:Gujarati people]]<br />
[[Category:1865 births]]<br />
[[Category:1951 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Hindu saints]]<br />
[[Category:People from Anand district]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jagannath_Naik&diff=505084Jagannath Naik2025-09-29T23:59:11Z<p>Priyupranav: creating new entry - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| office = Member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency = [[Patna Assembly constituency|Patna]]<br />
| term_start = 2019<br />
| term_end = 2024<br />
| profession = Politician<br />
| predecessor = [[Hrusikesh Naik]]<br />
| successor = Akhila Chandra Naik<br />
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Jagannath Naik''' is an Indian politician from Odisha. He was a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]], representing [[Patna Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patna Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Patna Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/odisha-assembly-election/patna-constituency/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Patna Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/patna-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916461.html |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]<br />
* [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Naik, Jagannath}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]<br />
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Odisha-BJD-politician-stub}}</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Business_Today_(India)&diff=470438Business Today (India)2025-08-26T03:10:30Z<p>Priyupranav: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|News magazine (1992-)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox magazine<br />
| title = Business Today<br />
| image_file = Business-today-magazine.jpg <br />
| image_size = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| frequency = Fortnightly<br />
| circulation = 338,000 (2Q, 2010)<ref name=H01>[https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20131019165039/http://www.hansaresearch.com/dload/Output.pdf "Top 10 English Magazines: Indian Readership Survey"], Hansa Research, 2Q 2010.</ref><br />
| category = Business magazine<br />
| publisher = [[Living Media]]<br />
| editor = Siddharth Zarabi<br />
| editor2 = <br />
| editor_title2 = <br />
| founded = 1992<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| based = <br />
| language = [[English language|English]]<br />
| website = {{url|http://www.businesstoday.in}}<br />
| issn = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Business Today''''' is an Indian fortnightly business magazine published by [[Living Media|Living Media India Limited]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Advertising N Promotion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QQEiBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA713|year=2009|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-0-07-008031-7|page=713}}</ref> in publication since 1992.<br />
<br />
== Circulation ==<br />
''Business Today'' has the highest circulation and readership amongst business magazines, and is among the top 10 English-language magazines across genres. It is published once a fortnight, and commands a readership base of 1.7 million readers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-13 |title=India Today English continues to be the country's most-read news magazine: IRS 2019 Q4 survey |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/india-today-english-continues-to-be-the-country-most-read-news-magazine-irs-2019-q4-survey-258162-2020-05-13 |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Events ==<br />
[[File:Rahul Kanwal Business Today.jpg|thumb|Rahul Kanwal hosting a ''Business Today'' event]]<br />
<br />
''Business Today'' events is a group of programmes that includes the signature BT MindRush and BT Best CEO Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 21, 2022 |title=Business Today’s MindRush event to be held on June 24 |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2022/06/business-today-s-mindrush-event-to-be-held-on-june-24 |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=www.bestmediaifo.com}}</ref>{{rs|date=September 2023}} BT does events such as India@100 Economy Summit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Economic Summit |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india-economic-summit |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>{{rs|sure=y|date=September 2023}}{{third-party inline|date=September 2023}}<br />
<br />
== Leadership ==<br />
In May 2021, India Today Group elevated [[Rahul Kanwal]] to the role of executive director of ''Business Today''.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-05-08 |title=Rahul Kanwal elevated to executive director, Business Today |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/news-broadcasting/rahul-kanwal-elevated-to-executive-director-business-today-210508 |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Indian Television Dot Com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 15, 2022 |title=Business Today celebrates 18th Most Powerful Women in Business awards |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2022/03/business-today-celebrates-18th-most-powerful-women-in-business-awards |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=www.bestmediaifo.com}}</ref>{{rs|date=September 2023}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.businesstoday.in Official website]<br />
<br />
[[Category:1992 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Biweekly magazines published in India]]<br />
[[Category:India Today Group]]<br />
[[Category:Business magazines published in India]]<br />
[[Category:Magazines established in 1992]]<br />
[[Category:English-language magazines published in India]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{business-mag-stub}}</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pattabiram_railway_station&diff=524862Pattabiram railway station2025-08-24T19:49:37Z<p>Priyupranav: Starting Basic Stub W/ Sources - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Railway station in Chennai, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox station<br />
| name = Pattabiram<br />
| style = Indian Railways<br />
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] and [[Chennai Suburban Railway]] station<br />
| image = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| address = [[Chennai–Tiruvallur High Road]], [[Pattabiram]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] 600 072, [[India]]<br />
| coordinates = {{coord |13|7|7|N|80|3|54|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN-TN|display=inline,title}}<br />
| owned = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]], [[Indian Railways]]<br />
| line = [[West Line, Chennai Suburban|West]], [[West North Line, Chennai Suburban|West North]] and [[West South Line, Chennai Suburban|West South]] lines of [[Chennai Suburban Railway]]<br />
| platform = 2<br />
| tracks = 4<br />
| other = <br />
| structure = Standard on-ground station<br />
| depth = <br />
| levels = <br />
| parking = Available<br />
| bicycle = <br />
| accessible = <br />
| code = PAB<br />
| zone = [[Southern Railway (India)|Southern Railways]]<br />
| opened = <br />
| closed = <br />
| rebuilt = <br />
| electrified = 29 November 1979<ref name="IRFCA_HistoryOfElectrification"/><br />
| former = South Indian Railway<br />
| mpassengers = <br />
| passengers = 16,000/day<ref name="CommutersCourtDanger"/><br />
| pass_system = <br />
| pass_year = 2013<br />
| pass_percent = <br />
| services = {{adjacent stations|system1=Chennai Suburban|line1=West|left1=Nemilichery|to-left=Arakkonam Junction|right1=Hindu College|to-right1=Chennai Central MMC}}<br />
| route_map = {{West Line, Chennai Suburban}}<br />
| mapframe = yes<br />
| mapframe-marker = rail<br />
| mapframe-marker-color = #FF3210<br />
| mapframe-zoom = 14<br />
| map_state = collapsed<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Pattabiram railway station''' is one of the railway stations of the Chennai Central–Arakkonam section of the [[Chennai Suburban Railway Network]]. Located about 25&nbsp;km from [[Chennai Central|Chennai Central railway station]], it is a suburb situated on the western part of [[Chennai]], India. the station serves the neighbourhoods of [[Pattabiram]]. It has an elevation of 31&nbsp;m above [[Mean sea level|sea level]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The lines at the station were electrified on 29 November 1979, with the electrification of the Chennai Central–Tiruvallur section.<ref name="IRFCA_HistoryOfElectrification">{{cite web<br />
| title = IR Electrification Chronology up to 31.03.2004<br />
| work = History of Electrification<br />
| publisher = IRFCA.org<br />
| url = http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html<br />
| access-date = 17 Nov 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
==The station==<br />
<br />
=== Platforms ===<br />
There are a total of 2 platforms and 4 tracks. The platforms are connected by [[foot overbridge]]. These platforms are built to accumulate 24 coaches express train.<br />
<br />
=== Station layout ===<br />
{| cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" border="0"<br />
| valign="top" width="50" style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |'''G'''<br />
| valign="top" width="100" style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |North Entrance Street level<br />
| valign="top" width="390" style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Exit/Entrance, [[Footbridge#Railways|FOB]] & ticket counter<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="50" valign="center" |'''P'''<br />
| width="100" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |<span style="color:#{{rail color|Chennai Suburban|West}}">'''Track 4'''</span><br />
| width="500" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Towards → [[Chennai Central railway station|MGR Chennai Central]]<br />
|-<br />
| width="100" style="border-bottom:solid 3px black;" |<span style="color:#{{rail color|Chennai Suburban|West}}">'''Track 3'''</span><br />
| width="500" style="border-bottom:solid 3px black;" |Towards ← [[Arakkonam Junction railway station|Arakkonam Junction]] / [[Jolarpettai Junction railway station|Jolarpettai Junction]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" |[[Foot overbridge|<small>FOB</small>]]<small>, [[Island platform]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>'''P2''' Doors will open on the left<nowiki> | </nowiki>'''T3 & T4''' – '''''Express Lines'''''</small><br />
|-<br />
| width="100" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |<span style="color:#{{rail color|Chennai Suburban|West}}">'''Platform 2'''</span><br />
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" |Towards → [[Moore Market Complex railway station|Chennai Central MMC]] <small>next station is [[Hindu College railway station|Hindu College]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| width="100" style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" |<span style="color:#{{rail color|Chennai Suburban|West}}">'''Platform 1'''</span><br />
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width="500" |Towards ← [[Arakkonam Junction railway station|Arakkonam Junction]] <small>next station is [[Nemilichery railway station|Nemilichery]]</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan="2" width="100" style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" align="center" |[[Foot overbridge|<small>FOB</small>]]<small>, [[Side platform]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>'''P1''' Doors will open on the left</small><br />
|-<br />
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="50" valign="top" |'''G'''<br />
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="50" valign="top" |South Entrance Street level<br />
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="50" valign="top" |Exit/Entrance & ticket counter<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Commuter facilities==<br />
Around 16,000 commuters use the station every day.<ref name="CommutersCourtDanger"/> In 2002, the railway department allotted {{INR}} 12 million for improving passenger amenities at the Pattabiram and Puliamangalam stations.<ref>{{cite news<br />
| title = More amenities for Pattabiram railway station<br />
| location = Chennai<br />
| date = 8 December 2002<br />
| url = http://www.hindu.com/2002/12/08/stories/2002120807400300.htm<br />
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130125133836/http://www.hindu.com/2002/12/08/stories/2002120807400300.htm<br />
| url-status = dead<br />
| archive-date = 25 January 2013<br />
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]<br />
| access-date = 1 Oct 2012}}</ref> A bridge connecting north bazaar with south bazaar over level crossing 10 at the Tiruvallur end of the railway station was inaugurated in 2010<ref name="ResiSeekMoreBuses">{{cite news<br />
| last = Jeeva<br />
| title = After new bridge in Pattabiram, residents seek more buses<br />
| location = Chennai<br />
| date = 1 September 2010<br />
| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-01/chennai/28234902_1_mtc-new-buses-metropolitan-transport-corporation<br />
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130103064957/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-01/chennai/28234902_1_mtc-new-buses-metropolitan-transport-corporation<br />
| url-status = dead<br />
| archive-date = 3 January 2013<br />
| newspaper = [[The Times of India]]<br />
| access-date = 1 Oct 2012}}</ref> and has a fleet of steps on either end for commuters to access the bridge.<ref name="CommutersCourtDanger">{{cite news<br />
| last = Ayyappan<br />
| first = V.<br />
| title = Commuters court danger at Pattabiram railway station<br />
| location = Chennai<br />
| date = 18 October 2010<br />
| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-18/chennai/28265566_1_commuters-people-cross-railway-authorities<br />
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130103232816/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-18/chennai/28265566_1_commuters-people-cross-railway-authorities<br />
| url-status = dead<br />
| archive-date = 3 January 2013<br />
| newspaper = [[The Times of India]]<br />
| access-date = 1 Oct 2012}}</ref> The bridge caters to about 50 villages with a population of over 60,000.<ref name="ResiSeekMoreBuses"/> The residents are demanding that a road overbridge be built to replace the other level crossing.<ref>{{cite news<br />
| last = Lakshmi<br />
| first = K.<br />
| title = Residents ask for overbridge in Pattabiram<br />
| newspaper = The Hindu<br />
| location = Chennai<br />
| date = 17 July 2012<br />
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3646847.ece<br />
| access-date = 1 Oct 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{stack|{{Portal|India|Trains}}}}<br />
* [[Chennai Suburban Railway]]<br />
* [[Railway stations in Chennai]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/pattabiram-pab/8838 Pattabiram railway station at Indiarailinfo.com]<br />
<br />
{{Chennai - Suburban Railway, West|Pattabiram |DRBCC Hindu College|Thiruninravur|16|24.93}}<br />
{{Chennai - Suburban Railway, West North|Pattabiram |DRBCC Hindu College|Thiruninravur|16|24.93}}<br />
{{Chennai - Suburban Railway, West South|Pattabiram |DRBCC Hindu College|Thiruninravur|16|24.93}}<br />
{{Chennai Topics}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Chennai Suburban Railway stations]]<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Tiruvallur district]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baberu_Assembly_constituency&diff=488813Baberu Assembly constituency2025-08-08T04:10:23Z<p>Priyupranav: created a pg</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Baberu<br />
| map_image = 233-Baberu.svg<br />
| mla = [[Vishambhar Singh Yadav]]<br />
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br />
| preceded_by = [[Chandrapal Kushwaha]]<br />
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| district = [[Banda district (India)|Banda]]<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| electors = 3,38,211<br />
| constituency_no = 233<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Baberu''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of [[Baberu]] in the [[Banda district, India|Banda district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> Baberu is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Banda Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 233 amongst 403 constituencies.<br />
<br />
This seat belonged to [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate [[Chandrapal Kushwaha]] who won in the [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate Kiran Yadav by a margin of 22,301 votes.<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], [[Vishambhar Singh Yadav]] of [[Samajwadi Party]] won the seat by securing 79093 votes.<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS24233.htm?ac=233|title = Election Commission of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
|Ram Sanehi Bhartiya<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
|Deshraj<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
|D. Singh<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br />
|Durjan<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Deo Kumar<br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br />
|Rameshwar Prasad<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Dev Kumar Yadav<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Gaya Charan Dinkar]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br />
|Shiv Shankar<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]<br />
|[[Gaya Charan Dinkar]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Vishambhar Singh Yadav]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<br />
|[[Chandrapal Kushwaha]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br />
|[[Vishambhar Singh Yadav]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
<br />
=== 2022 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Baberu<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS24233.htm?ac=233|title = Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = Samajwadi Party<br />
|candidate = [[Vishambhar Singh Yadav]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:79614}}<br />
|percentage = 38.75<br />
|change = +12.09<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Ajay Patel<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:72221}}<br />
|percentage = 35.15<br />
|change = -4.14<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Ramsevak Shukla<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:37009}}<br />
|percentage = 18.01<br />
|change = -9.78<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Jan Adhikar Party<br />
|candidate = Ashok Kumar<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:4458}}<br />
|percentage = 2.17<br />
|change = +1.17<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Gajendra Singh Patel<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2112}}<br />
|percentage = 1.03<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Simmi Burman<br />
|party = Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1944}}<br />
|percentage = 0.95<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:3047}}<br />
|percentage = 1.48<br />
|change = -0.39<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:7393}}<br />
|percentage = 3.6<br />
|change = -7.9<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:205453}}<br />
|percentage = 60.75<br />
|change = +1.61<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
|winner = Samajwadi Party<br />
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2017 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Baberu<ref name="election2017"/>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[Chandrapal Kushwaha]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:76187}}<br />
|percentage = 39.29<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Kiran Yadav<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:53886}}<br />
|percentage = 27.79<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[Vishambhar Singh Yadav]]<br />
|party = Samajwadi Party<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:51693}}<br />
|percentage = 26.66<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Rajbahadur<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2881}}<br />
|percentage = 1.49<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Haseeb Ali<br />
|party = Communist Party of India<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2788}}<br />
|percentage = 1.44<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Shiv Sharan<br />
|party = Jan Adhikar Party<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1941}}<br />
|percentage = 1.0<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:3559}}<br />
|percentage = 1.87<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:22301}}<br />
|percentage = 11.5<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:193900}}<br />
|percentage = 59.14<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = Samajwadi Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web |title=Election results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}<br />
{{coord|25.55|80.70|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Banda district, India]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ajit_Rai&diff=485142Ajit Rai2025-08-01T11:58:43Z<p>Priyupranav: created a details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian critic (1967–2025)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Ajit Rai<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1967|10|01}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Buxar]], Bihar, India<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2025|07|23|1967|10|01}}<br />
| death_place = <br />
| occupation = Indian film and theatre critic, cultural journalist<br />
| years_active = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ajit Rai''' (1 October 1967 – 23 July 2025) was an Indian film and theatre critic and cultural journalist.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=10 April 2012|title=A Hundred Miles to Go|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/a-hundred-miles-to-go/|access-date=18 September 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Ajit Rai to share his opinion on World Cinema today|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/state-editions/ajit-rai-to-share-his-opinion-on-world-cinema-today.html|access-date=18 September 2021|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Here is a lowdown on which film sold for how much on OTT|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/here-is-a-lowdown-on-which-film-sold-for-how-much-on-ott-277070|access-date=18 September 2021|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref> He was associated with [[Jansatta]] and [[The Indian Express]].<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Rai was born in Kasian village in [[Buxar district]] of [[Bihar]], on 1 October 1967.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Indian film festival makes a tribute to farmers|date=7 May 2012|url=https://www.dw.com/en/indian-film-festival-makes-a-tribute-to-farmers/a-16072651|access-date=18 September 2021|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Work ==<br />
Rai served as the editor of Rang Prasang, journal of [[National School of Drama]], Ministry of Culture Government of India, New Delhi.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Noted film critic Ajit Rai will be gracing the Egyptian Film Festival|url=https://www.dispatchnews.in/news/67438/senior-film-critic-ajit-rai-will-be-special-guest-at-the-egyptian-film-festival|access-date=18 September 2021|website=Dispatch news|language=en}}</ref> Over the years he covered various International Film Festivals, including [[Cannes Film Festival|Cannes International Film Festival]], El Gouna Film Festival, and Cairo International Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|title=अरब सिनेमा का पसंदीदा विषय बनता जा रहा है शरणार्थी समस्या, राजनीतिक अस्थिरता और स्त्री सशक्तिकरण|url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/hollywood/el-gouna-film-festival-4th-edition-63-films-screened|access-date=18 September 2021|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cairo International Film Festival unveils dates for {{sic|i|t's|nolink=y}} 43rd edition.|url=https://www.dispatchnews.in/news/22335/egypt-india-cultural-relationship-ajit-rai-film-critic-mohamed-hefzy-cairo-international-film-festival|access-date=18 September 2021|website=Dispatch news|language=en}}</ref> <br />
<br />
He was the director of Raipur Film Festival, Azamgarh Film Festival and Haryana International Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 December 2015|first=Anuja|last=Jaiswal|title=Chhattisgarh to host international film festival in April|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/chhattisgarhto-host-international-film-festival-in-april/articleshow/50176573.cms|access-date=18 September 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=6 October 2011|title=Now Showing:Jafar Panahi in Jatland|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/now-showingjafar-panahi-in-jatland/|access-date=18 September 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=8 April 2016|title=RIFF director Rai says state films need better content {{!}} Raipur News – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/riff-director-rai-says-state-films-need-better-content/articleshow/51736760.cms|access-date=18 September 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Azamgarh International Film Festival|url=http://azamgarhinternationalfilmfestival.com/director|access-date=18 September 2021|website=azamgarhinternationalfilmfestival.com}}</ref> Rai was also the member of International Farmer Film Festival and festival coordinator of the Media International Film Festival,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> and a member of the selection committee for the Meta Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 META nominated plays to be staged in Delhi|url=http://www.ianslife.in/culture/10-meta-nominated-plays-be-staged-delhi|access-date=18 September 2021|website=IANS Life|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Selection Committee – Mahindra Excellence in Theatre Awards|url=http://metawards.com/committee/|access-date=18 September 2021|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
Rai died on 23 July 2025, at the age of 57.<ref>{{cite news |title=Buxar Film Critic Passes Away |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/southcinema/buxar-film-critic-passes-away/ar-AA1JdwDM |access-date=26 July 2025 |publisher=MSN News |date=25 July 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Rai, Ajit}}<br />
[[Category:1967 births]]<br />
[[Category:2025 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian theatre critics]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film critics]]<br />
[[Category:Indian journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Bihar]]</div>Priyupranavhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=M._F._Saldanha&diff=458993M. F. Saldanha2025-07-30T11:27:02Z<p>Priyupranav: </p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
[[File:MF Saldanha 2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|M. F. Saldanha discussing his Commission's findings at a press conference in 2011]]<br />
'''Michael Francis Saldanha''' (born 13 February 1942), generally known as '''M. F. Saldanha''', is a retired Indian judge of the [[Bombay High Court]].<ref name="India today">{{cite book|title=India today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbkYAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=24 December 2011|date=January 1994|publisher=Aroon Purie for Living Media India Ltd.|page=228}}</ref> Although retired from official duty, he conducted an unofficial investigation into the [[2008 attacks on Christians in southern Karnataka]] and was outspoken against the protests and published a report in early 2011 investigating the attacks on Christian institutions and people, written up after he visited 413 locations, examined 673 witnesses and 2,114 victims of the attacks.<ref name="TOI">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Ktaka-minorities-attack-is-state-sponsored-terror-/articleshow/7550660.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202092436/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-23/mumbai/28626100_1_communal-forces-adoration-monastery-christians|url-status=live|archive-date=2 February 2014|title=K'taka minorities attack is state sponsored terror|date=23 February 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=23 October 2011}}</ref> He was strongly critical of the state government and police in his '''Saldanha Commission''' report and described the attacks as "[[state-sponsored terrorism]]" and concluded that "the attacks and incidents which took place were instigated and pre-planned. They were not only supported by the state but were also covered up for by the state."<ref name="TOI"/> He was also critical of the official [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] government investigation and report into the attacks by [[B. K. Somasekhara]], given that he said there was photographic and video evidence of [[police misconduct]] which the government commission had not identified.<ref name="MG">{{cite web|url=http://www.milligazette.com/news/554-outrage-over-panels-clean-chit-to-sangh-in-church-attacks-india|title=Outrage over panel's clean chit to Sangh in Church attacks|work=[[The Milli Gazette]]|date=17 March 2011|accessdate=24 December 2011}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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{{authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Saldanha, M. F.}}<br />
[[Category:1942 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]<br />
[[Category:Mangaloreans]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Roman Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:Judges of the Bombay High Court]]<br />
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{{India-law-bio-stub}}</div>Priyupranav