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Jeakson Singh

2023-10-03T10:10:15Z

Preetiarora505: /* Career statistics */

{{short description|Indian footballer (born 2001)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Meitei name|Thounaojam|Jeakson|Singh}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Jeakson Singh
| image = Jeakson (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Jeakson with [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] in 2021
| fullname = Jeakson Singh Thounaojam
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2001|6|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Thoubal]], [[Manipur]], India
| height = 1.86 m
| position = [[Defensive midfielder]]
| currentclub = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| clubnumber = 5
| youthyears1 = 2012–2016
| youthclubs1 = Chandigarh Football Academy
| youthclubs2 = [[RoundGlass Punjab FC|Minerva Punjab]]
| youthyears2 = 2016–2017
| years1 = 2017–2018
| clubs1 = [[RoundGlass Punjab FC|Minerva Punjab]]
| caps1 = 0
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2017–2018
| clubs2 = → [[Indian Arrows]] (loan)
| caps2 = 8
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2018–2019
| clubs3 = [[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy|Kerala Blasters B]]
| caps3 = 5
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2018–2019
| clubs4 = → [[Indian Arrows]] (loan)
| caps4 = 1
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2019–
| clubs5 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| caps5 = 70
| goals5 = 2
| nationalyears1 = 2017–2018
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-17 football team|India U17]]
| nationalcaps1 = 5
| nationalgoals1 = 1
| nationalyears2 = 2018–2020
| nationalteam2 = [[India national under-20 football team|India U20]]
| nationalcaps2 = 15
| nationalgoals2 = 0
| nationalyears3 = 2019–
| nationalteam3 = [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]]
| nationalcaps3 = 2
| nationalgoals3 = 0
| nationalyears4 = 2021–
| nationalteam4 = [[India national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps4 = 19
| nationalgoals4 = 0
| club-update = 13:30, 1 October 2023 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update = 15:30, 7 September 2023 (UTC)
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{fb|IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[SAFF Championship]]}}
{{Medal|W| [[2021 SAFF Championship|2021 Maldives]]|}}
{{Medal|W| [[2023 SAFF Championship|2023 India]]|}}
}}

'''Jeakson Singh Thounaojam''' (born 21 June 2001) is an Indian professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[defensive midfielder]] for [[Indian Super League]] club [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] and the [[India national football team|India national team]].

==Club career==
===Youth and early career: 2012–2018===
Born in [[Manipur]], to a family that loved football, Jeakson's early introduction to the sport came from his father, who was a coach.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jackson Singh - India U17 team's Manipuri midfield destroyer who croons in Punjabi|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/jeakson-singh-india-u17-world-cup-team-destroyer-midfield/y6s83ggg6iik1tpaf5twly2gf|website=www.goal.com|access-date=22 May 2020|archive-date=6 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006113734/http://www.goal.com/en/news/jeakson-singh-india-u17-world-cup-team-destroyer-midfield/y6s83ggg6iik1tpaf5twly2gf|url-status=live}}</ref> He was eleven years old when he left his hometown in Thoubal district to travel all the way to Chandigarh to join the Chandigarh football academy known as CFA.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who is Jeakson Singh - India's first-ever goalscorer in a World Cup |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/who-is-jeakson-singh-indias-first-ever-goalscorer-in-a-world/1vpvkkjksm1za1csiw5mmpcsm8|website=www.goal.com|language=en|access-date=22 May 2020|archive-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627070949/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/who-is-jeakson-singh-indias-first-ever-goalscorer-in-a-world/1vpvkkjksm1za1csiw5mmpcsm8|url-status=live}}</ref> After around five years at CFA, he later joined [[Minerva Punjab FC|Minerva Punjab]] academy where he was the part of their youth team. He formed a crucial part of the club's academy team which would go on to win the AIFF U-15 & U-16 Youth League titles two years in a row. After the [[FIFA U-17 World Cup]], Jeakson was selected to play for the [[Indian Arrows]], an [[All India Football Federation]]-owned team that would consist of [[India national under-20 football team|India under-20]] players to give them playing time, on loan from Minerva Punjab.<ref name="U17">{{cite news|title=Matos Names 25-member Indian Arrows Squad for Hero I-league 2017-18|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8674|access-date=29 November 2017|work=The All India Football Federation|date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617024057/https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8674|archive-date=17 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Minerva Punjab loaned players|url=https://twitter.com/Minerva_AFC/status/935784717382586369|website=Minerva Punjab (Twitter)|access-date=30 November 2017|archive-date=10 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710150903/https://twitter.com/minervapunjabfc/status/935784717382586369|url-status=live}}</ref> He made his first-ever professional debut for the side in the Arrows' first match of the season against [[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]]. He started and played 90 minutes as Indian Arrows won 3–0.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Arrows 3-0 Chennai City|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/11/29/india/i-league/aiff-xi/chennai-city/2683965/?ICID=PL_MS_04|website=Soccerway|access-date=21 February 2018|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617044323/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/11/29/india/i-league/aiff-xi/chennai-city/2683965/?ICID=PL_MS_04|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Kerala Blasters===
====Kerala Blasters Reserves: 2018–2019 season====
In October 2018 [[Kerala Blasters]] announced the signing of Jeakson.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala Blasters sign India's FIFA U-17 hero Jeakson Singh|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/in-depth/indian-super-league-2018/2018/10/03/kerala-blasters-sign-fifa-u-17-hero-jeakson-singh.html|access-date=2020-09-22|website=OnManorama|language=en|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001234439/https://www.onmanorama.com/in-depth/indian-super-league-2018/2018/10/03/kerala-blasters-sign-fifa-u-17-hero-jeakson-singh.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He was put on to the reserve side and made 5 appearances for the side in the [[I-League 2nd Division]]. After the season he was once again loaned to Indian Arrows to get some playing time.

==== Kerala Blasters: 2019–2020 season ====
He was promoted to the senior team by newly appointed Blasters coach [[Eelco Schattorie]] for the [[2019–20 Indian Super League]]. He started in the opening game itself against [[ATK (football club)|ATK]] on 20 October 2019<ref>{{Cite web|title=Young Jeakson Singh is taking his chances at Kerala Blasters|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/kerala-blasters-jeakson-singh-taking-his-chances/1swyen30ms1j11lfgi7l72vxbw|access-date=2020-09-22|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=10 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710150739/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/kerala-blasters-jeakson-singh-taking-his-chances/1swyen30ms1j11lfgi7l72vxbw|url-status=live}}</ref> becoming the second-youngest player for the Blasters, behind [[Dheeraj Singh Moirangthem|Dheeraj Singh]]. He played 82 minutes in the defensive midfield position before being substituted by [[Sahal Samad|Sahal Abdul Samad]], as Kerala Blasters beat [[ATK (football club)|ATK]] 2–1 at home. He was later awarded the Emerging Player of the Match award. Despite the fact that the Blasters had a poor season, he was one of their bright spots and ended up featuring in 13 games in his debut season for the senior side, playing mostly in his natural defensive midfielder position.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-24|title=Nishu Kumar: Jeakson Singh is my favourite player at Kerala Blasters|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-kerala-blasters-ishfaq-ahmed-nishu-kumar-instagram-live/|access-date=2020-09-22|website=Khel Now|language=en-US|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920011538/https://khelnow.com/football/isl-kerala-blasters-ishfaq-ahmed-nishu-kumar-instagram-live|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== 2020–2021 season ====
On 12 December 2020, the Blasters announced that they have extended Jeakson's contract till the end of 2023 season.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-12|title=Jeakson Singh signs new multi-year contract extension at Kerala Blasters|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2020-21-kerala-blasters-jeakson-singh-contract-extension|access-date=12 December 2020|website=khelnow.com|language=en|archive-date=12 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212154606/https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2020-21-kerala-blasters-jeakson-singh-contract-extension|url-status=live}}</ref> On 20 December, he scored his first goal in the Indian Super League as well as for the Blasters by coming in as a substitute for [[Rohit Kumar (footballer)|Rohit Kumar]] in the 46th minute against [[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]] during the stoppage time, taking the game to a 1–1 draw.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 December 2020|title=Jeakson Singh heads in late equaliser for Kerala Blasters to secure a point against East Bengal|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/jeakson-singh-heads-in-late-equaliser-for-kerala-blasters-to-secure-a-point-against-sc-east-bengal|access-date=20 December 2020|website=www.indiansuperleague.com|archive-date=20 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220170727/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/jeakson-singh-heads-in-late-equaliser-for-kerala-blasters-to-secure-a-point-against-sc-east-bengal|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 December 2020|title=Kerala Blasters FC vs SC East Bengal Live Score Update, Commentary, Scorecard, Minute by minute updates|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/36506-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-sc-east-bengal|website=www.indiansuperleague.com|access-date=20 December 2020|archive-date=21 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221042040/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/36506-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-sc-east-bengal|url-status=live}}</ref> On 27 December 2020, he had a good performance against [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]], as Blasters registered their first win of the season by 2–0, where Jeakson won the Man of the Match award.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 December 2020|title=Kerala Blasters FC vs Hyderabad FC Live Score Update, Commentary, Scorecard, Minute by minute updates|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/36511-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-hyderabad-fc|access-date=28 December 2020|website=www.indiansuperleague.com|archive-date=27 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227130506/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/36511-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-hyderabad-fc|url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[South Indian Derby|Southern Derby]] against [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] on 20 January 2021, Jeakson was deployed as a [[Defender (association football)|center-back]] for the first time in his career.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kundu |first=Abhishek |date=21 January 2021 |title=Three points against Bengaluru FC was very important for us: Kerala Blasters coach Kibu Vicuna |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-three-points-bengaluru-fc-important-us-says-kerala-blasters-coach-kibu-vicuna |access-date=23 January 2021 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en-us |archive-date=10 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710150739/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-three-points-bengaluru-fc-important-us-says-kerala-blasters-coach-kibu-vicuna |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== 2021–2022 season ====
Jeakson was included in the Blasters squad for the [[2021 Durand Cup]], where he played all three matches for the club in the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Durand Cup 2021: Kerala Blasters FC announces squad|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/durand-cup-2021-kerala-blasters-fc-announces-squad-fixtures-ivan-vukomanovic-jeakson-singh/article36254591.ece|access-date=2021-11-22|website=Sportstar|language=en|archive-date=2 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902164536/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/durand-cup-2021-kerala-blasters-fc-announces-squad-fixtures-ivan-vukomanovic-jeakson-singh/article36254591.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> He played his first league match of the 2021–22 season on 19 November 2021 in the season opener against [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]], which they lost 4–2.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2021-22 Highlights ATK Mohun Bagan vs Kerala Blasters: ATKMB opens campaign with 4-2 win; Boumous scores brace on debut|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/2021-2022/news/isl-2021-22-atk-mohun-bagan-vs-kerala-blasters-live-score-streaming-roy-krishna-boumous-sahal-vazquez-atkmb-kbfc/article37577667.ece|access-date=2021-11-22|website=Sportstar|language=en|archive-date=19 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119192201/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/2021-2022/news/isl-2021-22-atk-mohun-bagan-vs-kerala-blasters-live-score-streaming-roy-krishna-boumous-sahal-vazquez-atkmb-kbfc/article37577667.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 December, he provided an assist to [[Álvaro Vázquez]] who scored the second goal in a 3–0 victory against [[Mumbai City FC]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2021-22: 10-man Mumbai City FC stunned by Kerala Blasters FC 3-0|url=https://www.wionews.com/sports/isl-2021-22-10-man-mumbai-city-fc-stunned-by-kerala-blasters-fc-3-0-438216|access-date=2021-12-19|website=WION|language=en|archive-date=19 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219224442/https://www.wionews.com/sports/isl-2021-22-10-man-mumbai-city-fc-stunned-by-kerala-blasters-fc-3-0-438216|url-status=live}}</ref> Jeakson scored his first goal of the season against FC Goa on 2 January 2022, which ended in a dramatic 2–2 draw.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-02|title=FC Goa and Kerala Blasters play out 2-2 draw in a humdinger|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/fc-goa-and-kerala-blasters-play-out-2-2-draw-in-a-humdinger-7702700/|access-date=2022-01-03|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103035856/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/fc-goa-and-kerala-blasters-play-out-2-2-draw-in-a-humdinger-7702700/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2021-22: FC Goa, Kerala Blasters play out 2-2 draw|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/isl-2021-22-kerala-blasters-vs-fc-goa-match-result-score|access-date=2022-01-03|website=Olympics.com|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103035854/https://olympics.com/en/news/isl-2021-22-kerala-blasters-vs-fc-goa-match-result-score|url-status=live}}</ref> He formed a solid partnership with [[Lalthathanga Khawlhring|Puitea]] in the midfield and helped the Blasters to reach the finals, which they lost to [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]] on penalties.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 21, 2022 |first=Adwaidh |last=Rajan |title=The strengths of ISL runners-up Kerala Blasters |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/the-strengths-of-isl-runners-up-kerala-blasters/articleshow/90359061.cms |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=21 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321183506/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/the-strengths-of-isl-runners-up-kerala-blasters/articleshow/90359061.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== 2022–2023 season ====
On 25 April 2022, Jeakson signed a three-year contract extension that will keep him at the club till 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeakson Singh to stay with Kerala Blasters till 2025 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/2021-2022/jeakson-singh-to-stay-with-kerala-blasters-till-2025/article38479736.ece |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=Sportstar |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427051428/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/2021-2022/jeakson-singh-to-stay-with-kerala-blasters-till-2025/article38479736.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He played his first match of the [[2022–23 Indian Super League]] season against East Bengal in the opening match of the season on 7 October, which they won 3–1.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2022-10-07 |title=Kerala Blasters 3-1 East Bengal highlights, ISL 2022-23: Ivan’s brace on debut gives KBFC the win against EBFC |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-kerala-blasters-vs-east-bengal-live-score-indian-super-league-2022-23-kbfc-vs-eb-updates/article65980552.ece |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en |archive-date=29 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129101738/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-kerala-blasters-vs-east-bengal-live-score-indian-super-league-2022-23-kbfc-vs-eb-updates/article65980552.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He was also included in the Blasters' squad for the [[2023 Indian Super Cup]] season after the exit in the infamous ISL knockout stage match,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2023-04-03 |title=Super Cup 2023: Kerala Blasters announces 29-men squad |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/kerala-blasters-announces-super-cup-2023-squad-kbfc-players-schedule/article66694929.ece |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408170347/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/kerala-blasters-announces-super-cup-2023-squad-kbfc-players-schedule/article66694929.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> and started as a substitute for [[Danish Farooq Bhat|Danish Farooq]] in the first group stage match against [[RoundGlass Punjab FC]] on 8 April 2023 in the 81st minute,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2023-04-08 |title=Kerala Blasters vs RoundGlass Punjab FC HIGHLIGHTS, Super Cup 2023: Diamantakos, Nishu and Rahul score to give Kerala 3-1 win |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/kerala-blasters-vs-roundglass-punjab-live-score-super-cup-2023-streaming-india-telecast-highlights-lineups/article66713945.ece |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408170347/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/kerala-blasters-vs-roundglass-punjab-live-score-super-cup-2023-streaming-india-telecast-highlights-lineups/article66713945.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> as the Blasters won the match 3–1 at full-time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2023-04-08 |title=Kerala Blasters vs RoundGlass Punjab FC HIGHLIGHTS, Super Cup 2023: Diamantakos, Nishu and Rahul score to give Kerala 3-1 win |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/kerala-blasters-vs-roundglass-punjab-live-score-super-cup-2023-streaming-india-telecast-highlights-lineups/article66713945.ece |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408170347/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/kerala-blasters-vs-roundglass-punjab-live-score-super-cup-2023-streaming-india-telecast-highlights-lineups/article66713945.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== 2023–2024 season ====
In July 2023, after the departure of [[Sahal Abdul Samad]], Jeakson became the longest serving player in the Blasters squad. He played his first match of the season against [[Gokulam Kerala FC]] in the [[2023 Durand Cup]] tournament on 13 August 2023, which they lost 3–4.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-13 |title=Kerala Blasters 3-4 Gokulam Kerala Highlights: GKFC beats KBFC to win Kerala Derby in Durand Cup 2023 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/kerala-blasters-vs-gokulam-kerala-live-score-kbfc-v-gkfc-updates-kerala-derby-streaming-goals-durand-cup-2023-highlights/article67190233.ece |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

==International career==
===Youth===
Jeakson represented the [[India national under-17 football team|India under-17]] side which participated in the [[2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup]] which was hosted in India.<ref name="U17"/> In India's second match of the tournament, on 9 October 2017 against [[Colombia national under-17 football team|Colombia]], he scored India's first-ever goal in a [[FIFA]] World Cup tournament. His 82nd-minute header from a corner was the equaliser for India but the team conceded again a minute later, and went on to be defeated 2–1.<ref>{{cite web|title=India U17 1-2 Colombia U17|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/10/09/world/u17-world-cup/india-india-under-17/colombia-under-17/2501199/|website=Soccerway|access-date=21 February 2018|archive-date=17 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217204924/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/10/09/world/u17-world-cup/india-india-under-17/colombia-under-17/2501199/|url-status=live}}</ref> Jeakson later played for the [[India national under-20 football team|India under-20 team]] and the [[India national under-23 football team|India under-23 team]].

===Senior===
After a breakthrough season with Kerala Blasters in the 2019–2021 season, he was named in the list of probables for [[India national football team|India]]'s World Cup Qualifier against [[Qatar]], but didn't make it to the final squad.

In March 2021, Jeakson was included in the final squad for India's friendlies against [[Oman national football team|Oman]] and [[UAE national football team|UAE]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Football Team To Leave For Dubai On Monday For International Friendlies|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/football/indian-football-team-to-leave-for-dubai-on-monday-for-international-friendlies-2390509|access-date=2021-03-14|website=NDTVSports.com|language=en|archive-date=14 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314100714/https://sports.ndtv.com/football/indian-football-team-to-leave-for-dubai-on-monday-for-international-friendlies-2390509|url-status=live}}</ref> He made his debut in a 1–1 draw against [[Oman national football team|Oman]] on 25 March 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-25|title=India vs Oman, Match Highlights: Manvir Singh's equaliser sees India grind out draw under immense pressure |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-vs-oman-match-highlights-manvir-singhs-equaliser-sees-india-grind-out-draw-under-immense-pressure-9463261.html|access-date=2021-03-25|website=Firstpost|archive-date=25 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325162108/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-vs-oman-match-highlights-manvir-singhs-equaliser-sees-india-grind-out-draw-under-immense-pressure-9463261.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Jeakson was named in the 23-men [[2021 SAFF Championship squads#India|Indian squad]] for the [[2021 SAFF Championship]] in [[Maldives]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stimac names list of 23 for the SAFF Championship|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/stimac-names-list-of-23-for-the-saff-championship|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-16|website=All India Football Federation|archive-date=26 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926081018/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/stimac-names-list-of-23-for-the-saff-championship}}</ref> He made his only appearance in the tournament by coming as a substitute in the [[2021 SAFF Championship Final|final]] against [[Nepal national football team|Nepal]], where India won the match 3–0.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-16|title=India vs Nepal, SAFF Championship 2021 final highlights: India become champions after 3-0 victory|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-vs-nepal-saff-championship-2021-final-highlights-india-become-champions-after-3-0-victory-10059191.html|access-date=2021-10-16|website=Firstpost|language=en|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016201747/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-vs-nepal-saff-championship-2021-final-highlights-india-become-champions-after-3-0-victory-10059191.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2022, he was again included in the national squad by coach [[Igor Štimac]] ahead of [[India national football team|India]]'s two friendly matches against [[Bahrain national football team|Bahrain]] and [[Belarus national football team|Belarus]].<ref>{{cite news|title=7 new faces as Stimac names final list of 25 for friendlies in Bahrain|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/7-new-faces-as-stimac-names-final-list-of-25-for-friendlies-in-bahrain|access-date=21 March 2022|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|date=21 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323072947/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/7-new-faces-as-stimac-names-final-list-of-25-for-friendlies-in-bahrain|archive-date=23 March 2022}}</ref> On 14 June, Jeakson provided an assist for [[Sunil Chhetri]]'s second goal against [[Hong Kong national football team|Hong Kong]] in the [[2023 AFC Asian Cup qualification]], which India won 4–0.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |title=India 4-0 Hong Kong Highlights: AFC Asian Cup qualifier, India beats Hong Kong after 29 years |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/india-vs-hong-kong-live-ind-vs-hk-afc-asian-cup-qualifiers-live-score/article38502936.ece |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=Sportstar |language=en |archive-date=14 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614170408/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/india-vs-hong-kong-live-ind-vs-hk-afc-asian-cup-qualifiers-live-score/article38502936.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personal life==
His cousin, [[Amarjit Singh Kiyam]], is also a footballer. Both of them represented the [[India national football team|Indian under-17 national team]] in the [[FIFA U-17 World Cup|2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup India]] where Amarjit captained the side.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Under 17 World Cup: Amarjit Singh and Jeakson Singh - brothers in arms - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/2017-u-17-world-cup/news/under-17-world-cup-amarjit-singh-and-jeakson-singh-brothers-in-arms/articleshow/60919654.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=23 May 2020|archive-date=5 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805223316/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/2017-u-17-world-cup/news/under-17-world-cup-amarjit-singh-and-jeakson-singh-brothers-in-arms/articleshow/60919654.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Amarjit currently plays for [[FC Goa|Goa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/midfielder-33993-amarjit-singh-kiyam-profile|title=Amarjit Singh Kiyam|publisher=Indian Super League|access-date=17 June 2020|archive-date=17 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617145451/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/midfielder-33993-amarjit-singh-kiyam-profile|url-status=live}}</ref> His younger sister, Kritina Devi Thounaojam, also a footballer, represented India in youth teams.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manipuri cousins hope family tradition continues at India 2021 |url=https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup/latest/news/manipuri-cousins-hope-family-tradition-continues-at-india-2021|access-date=2021-02-27|website=the-AFC|language=en-GB|archive-date=22 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022073054/https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup/latest/news/manipuri-cousins-hope-family-tradition-continues-at-india-2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
===Club===
{{updated|matches played till 1 October 2023}}<ref name="soccerway"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup{{efn|Includes [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]}}
!colspan="2"|Continental
!colspan="2"|Other
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
!Apps
!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|[[Punjab FC|Minerva Punjab]]
|[[2017–18 Minerva Punjab FC season|2017–18]]
|[[I-League]]
|0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|– ||colspan="2"|–||0||0
|-
|[[Indian Arrows]] (loan)
|[[2017–18 I-League|2017–18]]
|I-League
|8||0||1||0||colspan="2"|–|| colspan="2"|–||9||0
|-
|[[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy|Kerala Blasters B]]
|[[2018–19 2nd Division League|2018–19]]
|[[I-League 2nd Division]]||5||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||5||0
|-
|Indian Arrows (loan)
|[[2018–19 I-League|2018–19]]
|I-League
|1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||1||0
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|{{nowrap|[[2019–20 Kerala Blasters FC season|2019–20]]}}
|[[Indian Super League]]
|13||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||13||0
|-
|[[2020–21 Kerala Blasters FC season|2020–21]]
|Indian Super League
|16||1||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||16||1
|-
|[[2021–22 Kerala Blasters FC season|2021–22]]
|Indian Super League
|19||1||0||0||colspan="2"|–||3{{efn|name=DurandCup|Appearance(s) in [[Durand Cup]]}}||0||22||1
|-
|[[2022–23 Kerala Blasters FC season|2022–23]]
|Indian Super League
|20||0||2||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||22||0
|-
|[[2023–24 Kerala Blasters FC season|2023–24]]
|Indian Super League
|2||0||0||0||colspan="2" |–||1{{efn|name=DurandCup|Appearance(s) in [[Durand Cup]]}}||0||3||0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!70!!2!!2!!0!!colspan="2" |–!!4!!0!!76!!2
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!84!!2!!3!!0!!colspan="2"|–!!4!!0!!91!!2
|}
{{notelist}}

=== International ===
{{updated|4 July 2023}}<ref name="soccerway">{{Soccerway|jeakson-singh-thaunaojam/513923}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan=3 | Appearances and Goals by year
|-
!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|2021||2||0
|-
|2022||4||0
|-
|2023||11||0
|-
!Total!!17!!0
|}

== Honours ==

'''Kerala Blasters'''

* [[Indian Super League]] runner up: [[2021–22 Indian Super League season|2021–22]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-21 |title=ISL final: Hyderabad give Kerala the blues |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/isl-final-hyderabad-gives-kerala-the-blues-7828652/ |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320220013/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/isl-final-hyderabad-gives-kerala-the-blues-7828652/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

'''India'''
* [[SAFF Championship]]: [[2021 SAFF Championship|2021]], [[2023 SAFF Championship|2023]]
* [[Tri-Nation Series (India)|Tri-Nation Series]]: [[2023 Tri-Nation Series (India)|2023]]
* [[Intercontinental Cup (India)|Intercontinental Cup]]: [[2023 Intercontinental Cup (India)|2023]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite web|url=https://halfwayfootball.com/minerva-academy-new-residential-program-at-bengaluru-sai-facility/|title=Minerva Academy Revolutionizes Indian Football with New Residential Program at Bengaluru SAI Facility|date=17 June 2023|access-date=17 June 2023|first=Anson|last=Jaison|website=halfwayfootball.com|publisher=Halfway Football India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617104035/https://halfwayfootball.com/minerva-academy-new-residential-program-at-bengaluru-sai-facility/|archive-date=17 June 2023}}

==External links==
*{{Soccerway|jeakson-singh-thaunaojam/513923}}
*{{GSA player|jeakson-singh/213384}}

{{Kerala Blasters FC squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Jeakson}}
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Manipur]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Punjab FC players]]
[[Category:Indian Arrows players]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Kerala Blasters FC players]]
[[Category:India men's international footballers]]
[[Category:I-League 2nd Division players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy players]]

Dhruv Kapila

2023-10-02T12:42:33Z

Preetiarora505:

{{Short description|Indian badminton player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox badminton player
| name = Dhruv Kapila
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| country = India
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2000|2|1}}
| birth_place = [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| residence =
| height =
| weight =
| years_active = 2016-present
| handedness = Right
| coach = [[Mathias Boe]]
| event = Men's & mixed doubles
| career_record =
| highest_ranking = 19 (MD with [[Arjun M. R.]] 25 October 2022) 70 (XD with [[N. Sikki Reddy]] 13 December 2022)
| date_of_highest_ranking =
| current_ranking = 42 (MD with Arjun M. R.)
| date_of_current_ranking = 26 September 2023
| medal_templates =
{{MedalSport | Men's [[badminton]] }}
{{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Thomas Cup]] }}
{{MedalGold | [[2022 Thomas & Uber Cup|2022 Bangkok]] | Men's team }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Badminton at the Asian Games|Asian Games]] }}
{{MedalSilver | [[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]] | [[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's team|Men's team]] }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Badminton Asia Championships#Badminton Asia Team Championships|Asia Team Championships]] }}
{{MedalBronze | [[2020 Badminton Asia Team Championships|2020 Manila]] | Men's team }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Badminton Asia Championships#Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships|Asia Mixed Team Championships]] }}
{{MedalBronze | [[2023 Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships|2023 Dubai]] | Mixed team }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Badminton at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]] }}
{{MedalGold | [[Badminton at the 2019 South Asian Games|2019 Kathmandu–Pokhara]] | {{nowrap|Men's doubles}} }}
{{MedalGold | 2019 Kathmandu–Pokhara | {{nowrap|Mixed doubles}} }}
{{MedalGold | 2019 Kathmandu–Pokhara | Men's team }}
| bwf_id = 20B03A35-007C-4ED7-B421-82BB02B343D5
}}
'''Dhruv Kapila''' (born 1 February 2000) is an Indian [[badminton]] player.<ref>{{cite web|title=Players: Dhruv Kapila |url=http://bwfbadminton.com/player/57372/dhruv-kapila |publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]]|access-date=23 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Player Profile of Dhruv Kapila |url=http://www.badmintoninindia.com/viewplayer/Dhruv-Kapila/3773 |publisher=[[Badminton Association of India]] |access-date=23 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123133218/http://www.badmintoninindia.com/viewplayer/Dhruv-Kapila/3773 |archive-date=23 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was the gold medalists at the [[Badminton at the 2019 South Asian Games|2019 South Asian Games]] in the men's doubles, mixed doubles and team events.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/sag-2019-siril-ashmita-lead-india-to-6-badminton-golds/1679538 |title=SAG 2019: Siril, Ashmita lead India to 6 badminton golds |publisher=Outlook India |date=6 December 2019 |access-date=10 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210170856/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/sag-2019-siril-ashmita-lead-india-to-6-badminton-golds/1679538 |archive-date=10 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> He was part of the India team that won the [[2022 Thomas & Uber Cup|2022 Thomas Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Working with seasoned professionals crucial for my uninterrupted training: Thomas Cup winner Dhruv Kapila |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2022/jun/07/working-with-seasoned-professionals-crucial-for-my-uninterrupted-training-thomas-cup-winner-dhruv-2462760.html |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=7 June 2022 |access-date=21 July 2022}}</ref>

== Achievements ==

=== South Asian Games ===
''Men's doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Venue
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#FFAAAA"
| align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2019 South Asian Games|2019]]
| align="left" | [[Pokhara Rangasala|Badminton Covered Hall]], [[Pokhara]], Nepal
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Krishna Prasad Garaga]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Sachin Dias]] {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Buwaneka Goonethilleka]]
| align="left" | 21–19, 19–21, 21–18
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 1.png|Gold]] '''Gold'''
|}

''Mixed doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Venue
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#FFAAAA"
| align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2019 South Asian Games|2019]]
| align="left" | [[Pokhara Rangasala|Badminton Covered Hall]], [[Pokhara]], Nepal
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Meghana Jakkampudi]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Sachin Dias]] {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Thilini Hendahewa]]
| align="left" | 21–16, 21–14
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 1.png|Gold]] '''Gold'''
|}

=== BWF International Challenge/Series (2 titles, 3 runners-up) ===
''Men's doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#D5D5D5"
| align="center" | 2016
| align="left" | [[Mauritius International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Saurabh Sharma]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chirag Shetty]]
| align="left" | 12–21, 16–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2018
| align="left" | [[Kharkiv International (badminton)|Kharkiv International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Krishna Prasad Garaga]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|GER}} [[Daniel Hess (badminton)|Daniel Hess]] {{flagicon|GER}} [[Johannes Pistorius (badminton)|Johannes Pistorius]]
| align="left" | 21–19, 21–16
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2019
| align="left" | [[Nepal International (badminton)|Nepal International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun M. R.]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Manu Attri]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. Sumeeth Reddy]]
| align="left" | 19–21, 15–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2019
| align="left" | [[Bangladesh International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arjun M. R.
| align="left" | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chang Yee Jun]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Tee Kai Wun]]
| align="left" | 19–21, 16–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2022
| align="left" | [[India International Challenge|India Maharashtra International Challenge]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Arjun M. R.
| align="left" | {{flagicon|THA}} [[Chaloempon Charoenkitamorn]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Nanthakarn Yordphaisong]]
| align="left" | 21–17, 20–22, 21–18
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}
: {{Color box|#D8CEF6|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Challenge]] tournament
: {{Color box|#D5D5D5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament
: {{Color box|#E9E9E9|border=darkgray}} [[BWF Future Series]] tournament

=== BWF Junior International (3 runners-up) ===
''Boys' doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#AE9C45"
| align="center" | 2016
| align="left" | India Junior International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Krishna Prasad Garaga
| align="left" | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hiroki Okamura]] {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Masayuki Onodera]]
| align="left" | 5–11, 14–12, 9–11, 11-13
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#AE9C45"
| align="center" | 2017
| align="left" | Dutch Junior International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Krishna Prasad Garaga
| align="left" | {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Su Li-wei]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Ye Hong-wei]]
| align="left" | 13–21, 19-21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#AE9C45"
| align="center" | 2018
| align="left" | Dutch Junior International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Krishna Prasad Garaga
| align="left" | {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Liang Weikeng]] {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shang Yichen]]
| align="left" | 20–22, 16-21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|}

: {{Color box|#AE9C45|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior International Grand Prix tournament
: {{Color box|#C6D4E1|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior International Challenge tournament
: {{Color box|#BDB8AD|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior International Series tournament
: {{Color box|#EBE7E0|border=darkgray}} BWF Junior Future Series tournament

== Performance timeline ==
{{Performance key (badminton)}}

=== National team ===
* ''Senior level''
{| style='font-size: 90%; text-align:center;' class='wikitable'
! Team events !! 2022
|-
| bgcolor="#ECF2FF"; align="left" | '''[[Thomas Cup]]'''
| bgcolor=gold | [[2022 Thomas & Uber Cup|'''G''']]
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{BWF|20B03A35-007C-4ED7-B421-82BB02B343D5}}

{{Footer Thomas Cup Champions Badminton Team Men}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kapila, Dhruv}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Indian male badminton players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Ludhiana]]
[[Category:Racket sportspeople from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Badminton players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games medalists in badminton]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in badminton]]

{{India-badminton-bio-stub}}

Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance

2023-07-20T17:53:23Z

Preetiarora505:

{{Short description|Big-tent coalition of Opposition parties led by INC in India}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Current related}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
| party_name = Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
| native_name = {{IAST3|भारतीय राष्ट्रीय विकासशील संयुक्त गठबंधन}}
| abbreviation = INDIA<ref>{{Cite news|title='Fight Between PM Modi And I.N.D.I.A': Opposition Coalition Has A New Name|publisher=[[NDTV]]|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/i-n-d-i-a-name-being-considered-for-united-opposition-say-sources-4218025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718113558/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/i-n-d-i-a-name-being-considered-for-united-opposition-say-sources-4218025|archivedate=18 July 2023|access-date=18 July 2023}}</ref>
| logo = INDIA Alliance.jpg
| founder =
| colorcode = {{party color|United Progressive Alliance}}
| chairman = [[TBA]]
| incumbent =
| formerpm =
| loksabha_leader = [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]]
| rajyasabha_leader = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] {{small|[[Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha|(Leader of the Opposition)]]}}
| eci =
| national_convener = [[TBA]]
| no_of_members =
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=y|2023|07|18}}
| dissolution =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| merger = *[[United Progressive Alliance]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Opposition names alliance INDIA in run-up to 2024 elections|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/india/opposition-alliance-named-india-indian-national-democratic-inclusive-alliance/articleshow/101856873.cms|website=The Economic Times|language=en|access-date=20 July 2023|archive-date=20 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720164802/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/opposition-alliance-named-india-indian-national-democratic-inclusive-alliance/articleshow/101856873.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Left Front (India)|Left Front]]
*[[Third Front (India)|Third Front]]
| merged =
| ideology =
| position = [[Big tent]]
| colours = {{Color box|#FF7800|border=dark grey}}{{Color box|#FFFFFF|border=dark grey}}{{Color box|#008000|border=dark grey}}
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|141|543|hex=#00BFFF}}
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|98|245|hex=#00BFFF}}
| state_seats_name = [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assemblies]]
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|1960|4036|hex=#00BFFF}}
| state2_seats_name = [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Councils]]
| state2_seats = {{Composition bar|152|423|hex=#00BFFF}}
| no_states = {{Composition bar|11|31|hex=#00BFFF}}
| alliance =
| slogan = ''INDIA will fight together''<ref>{{Cite news|title='United We Stand' is Opposition's slogan as leaders begin 2-day brainstorming session|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/united-we-stand-is-oppositions-slogan-as-leaders-begin-2-day-brainstorming-session-1238097.html|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=19 July 2023|archive-date=20 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720164831/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/united-we-stand-is-oppositions-slogan-as-leaders-begin-2-day-brainstorming-session-1238097.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title='United we stand': Opposition leaders hold dinner meeting in Bengaluru-Pics|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/photo/opposition-leaders-dinner-meeting-bengaluru-sonia-rahul-gandhi-mamata-banerjee-kejriwal-2407945-2023-07-17|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=19 July 2023|archive-date=20 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720164802/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/photo/opposition-leaders-dinner-meeting-bengaluru-sonia-rahul-gandhi-mamata-banerjee-kejriwal-2407945-2023-07-17|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

The '''Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance''' ({{IAST3|भारतीय राष्ट्रीय विकासशील संयुक्त गठबंधन}}) is a [[Political group|political alliance]] of 26 [[Centrism|centre]] to [[Far-left politics|far-left]] [[political parties]] in [[India]] led by the [[Indian National Congress]] to take on the ruling [[National Democratic Alliance]] led by [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the [[next Indian general election|2024 Indian general election]]s.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hrishikesh|first=Cherylann Mollan & Sharanya|title=Opposition meeting: 26 Indian parties form alliance to take on PM Modi|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66230072|access-date=18 July 2023|archive-date=20 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720164815/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66230072|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Background ==

==History==

=== 1st Meeting (Patna): Coordination for unity ===
The first Opposition parties meeting held in [[Patna]] was chaired by [[Chief Minister of Bihar]] [[Nitish Kumar]] on 23 June 2023, when the proposal for a new alliance was put on the table. The meet was attended by 16 Opposition parties.

=== 2nd Meeting (Bengaluru): Formal formation ===
The second meeting, held in [[Bengaluru]], was chaired by [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]] chairperson [[Sonia Gandhi]] when the proposal for an alliance was accepted and ten more parties were added in the list. The name of the alliance was finalized upon and given the name ''Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance''. At this meeting it was announced that the third meeting will be held in the city of [[Mumbai]]. [[Uddhav Thackeray]] will be hosting the alliance members for further deliberations regarding the convener, coordination committee, further talks on common issues, and common minimum program.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Opposition alliance named 'INDIA', 11-member coordination committee to decide on all important issues|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/opposition-alliance-named-india-to-hold-third-meeting-in-mumbai/articleshow/101860451.cms|access-date=2023-07-19|issn=0971-8257|archive-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719112555/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/opposition-alliance-named-india-to-hold-third-meeting-in-mumbai/articleshow/101860451.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Reactions and responses ====

== Member parties ==
{{Main|List of Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance members}}

The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance comprises a diverse range of political parties from across India. The 26 member parties of the alliance are:<ref name="s959">{{cite news |title=The 26 Opposition Parties That Have Formed Mega Alliance For 2024 Polls |publisher=[[NDTV]] |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/the-26-opposition-parties-that-have-formed-mega-alliance-for-2024-lok-sabha-election-4217778 |access-date=18 July 2023 |archive-date=20 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720164807/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/the-26-opposition-parties-that-have-formed-mega-alliance-for-2024-lok-sabha-election-4217778 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
! colspan="2" style="width:30px;" |Party
!Leader
! style="width:100px;" |[[Lok Sabha]]
! style="width:100px;" |[[Rajya Sabha]]
! style="width:170px;" |Base
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|49|543|{{party color|INC}}}}
| {{Composition bar|29|245|{{party color|INC}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" | [[List of recognised political parties in India#National parties|National Party]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; text-align: center;color:white;"|
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| [[Sitaram Yechury]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|3|543|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|5|245|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of recognised political parties in India#National parties|National Party]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| [[M. K. Stalin]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|24|543|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}}
| {{Composition bar|10|245|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] and [[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}}; text-align: center;color:white;"|
| [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|[[Mamata Banerjee]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|23|543|{{party color|Trinamool Congress}}}}
| {{Composition bar|13|245|{{party color|Trinamool Congress}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Meghalaya]], [[West Bengal]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|16|543|{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|5|245|{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Bihar]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Manipur]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}; text-align: center;color:white;"|
|[[Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|Shiv Sena (UBT)]]
|[[Uddhav Thackeray]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|6|543|{{party color|Shiv Sena}}}}
| {{Composition bar|3|245|{{party color|Shiv Sena}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Maharashtra]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|[[Sharad Pawar]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|5|543|{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|3|245|{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Maharashtra]], [[Nagaland]]
|-

| style="background-color:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}; text-align: center;color:white;"|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|[[Akhilesh Yadav]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|3|543|{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|3|245|{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|[[K. M. Kader Mohideen]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|3|543|{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|245|{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Kerala]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}; text-align:center; color:white;"|
| [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]]
|[[Farooq Abdullah]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|3|543|{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Jammu and Kashmir (Union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Hindustani Awam Morcha}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|[[D. Raja|Doraiswamy Raja]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|2|543|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
| {{Composition bar|2|245|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Manipur]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]
|[[Arvind Kejriwal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|10|245|{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of recognised political parties in India#National parties|National Party]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}; text-align:center; color:white;" |
| [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
|[[Hemant Soren]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}}
| {{Composition bar|2|245|{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Jharkhand]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|[[Kerala Congress (M)]]
|[[Jose K. Mani]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|245|{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Kerala]]
|-
| style="background:#d10; text-align:center; color:white;" |
| [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]]
|[[Thol. Thirumavalavan]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|Vidhuthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|[[Manoj Bhattacharya]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Kerala]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
| [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|[[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]
| rowspan="10" style="background:#DDDDDD"|
| {{Composition bar|6|245|{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
|[[Jayant Singh]]
| {{Composition bar|1|245|{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
| [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|[[Vaiko]]
| {{Composition bar|1|245|{{party color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}}
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}; text-align: center;color:white;"|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]
|[[Dipankar Bhattacharya]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|All India Forward Bloc}};" |
|[[All India Forward Bloc]]
|G. Devarajan
|
|style="text-align: center;" |[[West Bengal]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party}}; text-align:center; color:white;" |
|[[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]]
|[[Mehbooba Mufti]]
|
|style="text-align: center;" |[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Kerala Congress (Jacob)}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|[[Kerala Congress]]
|[[P. J. Joseph]]
| style="text-align: center;" |
|style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Manithaneya Makkal Katchi}};" |
|[[Manithaneya Makkal Katchi]]
|[[M. H. Jawahirullah]]
|
|style="text-align: center;" |[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi}}; text-align: center;color:black;" |
|[[Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi]]
|[[E. R. Eswaran]]
|
|style="text-align: center;" |[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|[[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)]]
|Krishna Patel
|
|style="text-align: center;" |[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| colspan="3" |'''TOTAL'''
|{{Composition bar|142|543|{{party color|INC}}}}
| {{Composition bar|96|245|{{party color|INC}}}}
|
|}

== List of current state governments ==
{{unsourced section}}

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Incumbent State Governments from the I.N.D.I.A
! State
! Portrait
! colspan="2"|Chief Minister
! Ministry
! colspan="2"|Deputy Chief Minister
! colspan="2"|Governing parties
|-
|-
|rowspan="7"|[[Bihar]] ([[Government of Bihar|Government]] '''·''' [[Bihar Legislature|Legislature]])
|rowspan="7"|[[File:Nitish Kumar in February 2007.jpg|80px|border]]
|rowspan="7" style="background:#003366;|
|rowspan="7"|[[Nitish Kumar]] ([[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]])
|rowspan="7"|[[Eighth Nitish Kumar ministry|Nitish VIII]]
|rowspan="7" style="background:#056D05;|
|rowspan="7"|[[Tejashwi Yadav]] ([[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]])
|{{Party color cell|Janata Dal (United)}}
|[[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|[[RJD]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}
|[[CPI(ML)L]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[CPI(M)]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]] ([[Government of Chhattisgarh|Government]] '''·''' [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislature]])
|[[File:Bhupesh Baghel, June 2018.jpg|80px|border]]
|style="background:#00BFFF;|
|[[Bhupesh Baghel]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
|[[Baghel ministry|Baghel I]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[T. S. Singh Deo]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|-
|[[Delhi]] ([[Government of Delhi|Government]] '''·''' [[Delhi Legislative Assembly|Legislature]])
| [[File:Arvind_Kejriwal_smiling_(cropped).jpg|80px|border]]
|{{party color cell|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|[[Arvind Kejriwal]] ([[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]])
|[[Third Kejriwal ministry|Kejriwal III]]
|{{party color cell|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|''[[List of deputy chief ministers of Delhi|Vacant]]'' ([[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]])
|{{Party color cell|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|[[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
|-
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Himachal Pradesh]] ([[Government of Himachal Pradesh|Government]] '''·''' [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Legislature]])
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Sukhvinder Singh CM.jpg|80px|border]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:#00BFFF;|
|rowspan="2"|[[Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
|rowspan="2"|[[Sukhu ministry|Sukhu I]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:#00BFFF;|
|rowspan="2"|[[Mukesh Agnihotri]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[Jharkhand]] ([[Government of Jharkhand|Government]] '''·''' [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|Legislature]])
|rowspan="5"|[[File:The Chief Minister of Jharkhand, Shri Hemant Soren calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on January 11, 2020 (1) (cropped).jpg|80px|border]]
|rowspan="5" style="background:#2E7539;|
|rowspan="5"|[[Hemant Soren]] ([[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]])
|rowspan="5"|[[Second Hemant Soren ministry|Soren II]]
|rowspan="5" style="background:#FFFFFF;|
|rowspan="5"|''Vacant''
|{{Party color cell|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|CPI(M-L)L]]
|-
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Karnataka]] ([[Government of Karnataka|Government]] '''·''' [[Karnataka Legislature|Legislature]])
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Siddaramaiah at the function to commemorate the serving of 2 billion meals of the Akshaya Patra Foundation in Karnataka (cropped).jpg|80px|border]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:#00BFFF;|
|rowspan="2"|[[Siddaramaiah]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
|rowspan="2"|[[Second Siddaramaiah ministry|Siddaramaiah II]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:#00BFFF;|
|rowspan="2"|[[D. K. Shivakumar]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
|-
|rowspan="12"|[[Kerala]] ([[Government of Kerala|Government]] '''·''' [[Kerala Legislature|Legislature]])
|rowspan="12"|[[File:Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan 2023.tif|80px]]
|rowspan="12" style="background:#FF1D15;|
|rowspan="12"|[[Pinarayi Vijayan]] ([[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]])
|rowspan="12"|[[Second Vijayan ministry|Vijayan II]]
|rowspan="12" style="background:#FFFFFF;|
|rowspan="12"|''[[List of deputy chief ministers of Kerala|Vacant]]''
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Kerala Congress (M)}}
|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Loktantrik Janata Dal}}
|[[Loktantrik Janata Dal|LJD]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Kerala Congress (B)}}
|[[Kerala Congress (B)|KC(B)]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Congress (Secular)}}
|[[Congress (Secular)|C(S)]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Indian National League}}
|[[Indian National League|INL]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|National Secular Conference}}
|[[National Secular Conference|NSC]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Janadhipathya Kerala Congress}}
|[[Janadhipathya Kerala Congress|JKC]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
|-
|[[Punjab]] ([[Government of Punjab, India|Government]] '''·''' [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Legislature]])
|[[File:Bhagwant-mann-2.jpg|80px|border]]
|{{party color cell|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|[[Bhagwant Mann]] ([[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]])
|[[Mann ministry|Mann I]]
|{{party color cell|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|''[[List of deputy chief ministers of Punjab, India|Vacant]]''
|{{Party color cell|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|[[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Rajasthan]] ([[Government of Rajasthan|Government]] '''·''' [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislature]])
| rowspan="3" |[[File:PM and Gehlot inaugurate various projects at Nathdwara 2023.jpg|80px|border]]
| rowspan="3" style="background:#00BFFF;" |
|rowspan="3"|[[Ashok Gehlot]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
| rowspan="3" |[[Third Gehlot ministry|Gehlot III]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:#00BFFF;|
|rowspan="3"|''[[List of deputy chief ministers of Rajasthan|Vacant]]'' ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal|RLD]]
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[Tamil Nadu]] ([[Government of Tamil Nadu|Government]] '''·''' [[Tamil Nadu Legislature|Legislature]])
|rowspan="5"|[[File:Hon CM Photo.jpg|80px|border]]
|rowspan="5" style="background:#DD1100;|
|rowspan="5"|[[M. K. Stalin]] ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]])
|rowspan="5"|[[Stalin ministry|Stalin I]]
|rowspan="5" style="background:#FFFFFF;|
|rowspan="5"|''[[List of deputy chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|Vacant]]''
|{{Party color cell|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}
|[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi|VCK]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|-
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|-
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[West Bengal]] ([[Government of West Bengal|Government]] '''·''' [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Legislature]])
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Official portrait of Mamata Banerjee.jpg|80px]]
|{{party color cell|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Mamata Banerjee]] ([[Trinamool Congress|TMC]])
|rowspan="2"|[[Third Banerjee ministry|Banerjee III]]
|{{Party color cell|Trinamool Congress}}
|rowspan="2"|''[[List of deputy chief ministers of West Bengal|Vacant]]'' ([[Trinamool Congress|TMC]])
|{{Party color cell|Trinamool Congress}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|-
|-
|}

==List of current Leaders of Opposition==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Incumbent Leaders of Opposition
! S.No
! State
! Name
! Portrait
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|1.
|[[Assam Legislative Assembly|Assam]]
|[[Debabrata Saikia]]
|[[File:Debabrata Saikia.png|80px]]
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|2.
|[[Goa Legislative Assembly|Goa]]
|[[Yuri Alemao]]
|[[File:Yuri Alemao during Chieftains Martyrs Day at Cuncolim.jpg|80px]]
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|3.
|[[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Haryana]]
|[[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]]
|[[File:Bhupinder Singh Hooda.png|80px]]
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|4.
|[[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]]
|[[V. D. Satheesan]]
|[[File:VD SATHEESAN.jpg|80px]]
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|5.
|[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Madhya Pradesh]]
|[[Govind Singh]]
|[[File:Dr.GovindSingh.JPG|80px]]
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|6.
|[[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Meghalaya]]
|[[Ronnie V. Lyngdoh]]
|[[File:Ronnie V. Lyngdoh image.jpg|80px]]
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|7.
|[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]]
|[[Balasaheb Thorat]] (Interim)
|[[File:Revenue_Minister_Balasaheb_Thorat_meets_Governor_BS_Koshiyari.jpg|80px]]
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|8.
|[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|Puducherry]]
|[[R. Siva]]
|[[File:No image available.svg|80px]]
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|-
|9.
|[[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Punjab]]
|[[Partap Singh Bajwa]]
|[[File:Pratap Singh Bajwa.jpg|80px]]
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|10.
|[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Akhilesh Yadav]]
|[[File:Akhilesh Yadav CMO Cropped.jpg|80px]]
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Samajwadi Party}}"|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|11.
|[[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Uttarakhand]]
|[[Yashpal Arya]]
|[[File:Yashpal Arya LOP Uttarakhand Assembly.jpg|80px]]
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|12.
|[[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Tripura]]
|[[Jitendra Chaudhury]]
|[[File:Jitendra_Choudhury.jpg|80px]]
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
|}

== Ideology and objectives ==
According to the Congress president Mallikarjun Kharge, the alliance's ideology revolves around the principles of developmentalism, inclusivity, and social justice. By combining their efforts, the member parties aim to protect democratic values, promote welfare and progress, and counter what they perceive as an ideology that threatens the idea of India.<ref name="d079">{{cite news |title=Opposition Alliance Unveils Name "INDIA" – Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance |url=https://abtimeslive.news.blog/2023/07/18/opposition-alliance-unveils-name-india-indian-national-developmental-inclusive-alliance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718163213/https://abtimeslive.news.blog/2023/07/18/opposition-alliance-unveils-name-india-indian-national-developmental-inclusive-alliance/ |archive-date=18 July 2023 |access-date=18 July 2023 |website=Akhil Bharat Times News}}</ref> It was formed with the objective to defeat the current ruling [[Narendra Modi]]'s BJP led [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] in the upcoming 2024 general elections.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian opposition parties form 'INDIA' alliance for 2024 election |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/18/indian-opposition-parties-form-india-alliance-for-2024-election |access-date=18 July 2023 |archive-date=20 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720164809/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/18/indian-opposition-parties-form-india-alliance-for-2024-election |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
[[Category:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance| ]]
[[Category:2023 establishments in India]]
[[Category:2023 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress]]

KYQ

2023-07-09T16:51:43Z

Preetiarora505: Published an enlightening piece.

'''KYQ''' or '''kyq''' may refer to:

* KYQ, the Indian Railways station code for [[Kamakhya Junction railway station]], Assam, India
* kyq, the ISO 639-3 code for [[Kenga language]], Chad

{{Disambiguation}}

Khaksars

2023-01-07T11:27:35Z

Preetiarora505: Published a well-researched resource.

#REDIRECT [[Khaksar movement]]
{{R from move}}

Economic Advisory Council

2022-10-20T18:37:44Z

Preetiarora505: Article generated.

{{Short description|Body constituted to give economic advice to the Government of India, specifically the Prime Minister}}
{{Distinguish|text=[[Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India|Chief Economic Advisor]] in Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Politics of India}}

'''Economic Advisory Council''' to the [[Prime Minister of India]] (PMEAC)<ref name="EAC2">{{cite web|url=http://eac.gov.in/index.html |title=Economic Advisory Council Home Page |publisher=Eac.gov.in |access-date=2011-03-07}}</ref> is a non-constitutional, non-permanent and independent body constituted to give economic advice to the [[Government of India]], specifically the Prime Minister.<ref name="PMEAC">{{cite web|url=http://pmindia.nic.in/eacbody.htm |title=Prime Minister of India Official Website |publisher=Pmindia.nic.in |access-date=2011-03-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721172852/http://pmindia.nic.in/eacbody.htm |archive-date=2011-07-21 }}</ref> The council serves to highlight key economic issues facing the country to the government of India from a neutral viewpoint.<ref name="EAC">{{cite web|title=Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India|url=http://eac.gov.in/aboutus/about.html|publisher=eac.gov.in|access-date=7 March 2011}}</ref> It advises the Prime Minister on economic issues like [[inflation]], [[microfinance]], and industrial output.

==History==
The PMEAC has been constituted several times since the independence of India.

In the latest occurrence, Prime minister Modi revived the body on 25 September 2017. Currently PMEAC chairman post is held by Bibek Debroy.
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/Y1lkOykxBtaJZ8piANx74O/Narendra-Modi-revives-Economic-Advisory-Council-with-Bibek-D.html|title=PM Modi reconstitutes Economic Advisory Council to revive GDP growth |publisher=livemint.com |access-date=2017-10-07}}</ref>

The previous Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) Chairman Chakravarthi Rangarajan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/economic-advisory-council-reconstituted-under-rangarajan_100230958.html |title=Economic Advisory Council reconstituted |publisher=Thaindian.com |access-date=2011-03-07}}</ref> resigned on 19 May 2014. He sent his resignation to the Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.He resigned following the defeat of the Congress-led UPA in the general elections 2014.

Since the term of the PMEAC was parallel to that of the Prime Minister, with the resignation of the PM Manmohan Singh on 17 May 2014, the PMEAC also needed to resign.

The PMEAC headed by C Rangrajan had Saumitra Chaudhuri, V.S. Vyas, Pulin B. Nayak and Dilip M. Nachane as members.

Before this, PMEAC which was constituted on 29 December 2004, headed by [[Suresh Tendulkar]] resigned upon the completion of the then Union government's term on 21 May 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-21/india/28162780_1_pmeac-resignation-letters-upa-government |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104205743/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-21/india/28162780_1_pmeac-resignation-letters-upa-government |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-11-04 |title=PM's Economic Advisory Council members resign |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2011-03-07}}</ref>

==Functions==
Terms of reference as defined by the PMEAC are as follows:<ref name="EAC"/>
#Analyzing any issue, economic or otherwise, referred to it by the Prime Minister and advising him thereon;
#Addressing issues of macroeconomic importance and presenting views thereon to the Prime Minister. This could be either suo-moto or on a reference from the Prime Minister or anyone else:

#Submitting periodic reports to the Prime Minister on macroeconomic developments and issues with implications for economic policy;
#Attending to any other task as may be desired by the Prime Minister from time to time.

The primary role of the PMEAC is to give a neutral viewpoint on economic policy matters that are referred to it by the Prime Minister.<ref name="PMEAC"/> Additionally it prepares a monthly report of economic developments that need to be highlighted to the PM. For this purpose it closely monitors national and international economic developments and trends and develops appropriate policy responses for the PM.
It publishes reports on the annual ''Economic Outlook''<ref name="business1">{{cite web |url=http://business.gov.in/news_analysis.php?bid=463 |title=Economic Outlook 2010-2011 |publisher=Business.gov.in |access-date=2011-03-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155506/http://business.gov.in/news_analysis.php?bid=463 |archive-date=2011-07-21 }}</ref> and ''Review of the Economy'' of India.

==Organisation==
The PMEAC is chaired by a [[Chairperson]] and consists of eminent economists as members.<ref name="EAC"/> It is supported in its functions by a team of officials and administrators. There is no fixed definition on the exact number of members and staff of the PMEAC. At one point it was even chaired by the then Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] himself.

For administrative, logistic, planning and budgeting purposes, the [[NITI Aayog]] serves as the Nodal Agency for the PMEAC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/ |title=Planning Commission of India |publisher=Planningcommission.nic.in }}</ref>

===Chairman===
[[Bibek Debroy]] is the current chairman of the current EAC, appointed in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/pm-forms-economic-advisory-council-bibek-debroy-appointed-chairman-117092500888_1.html|title=PM forms Economic Advisory Council; Bibek Debroy appointed chairman|last=Team|first=BS Web|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref>

Dr. [[C. Rangarajan]] was the Chairman of the previous PMEAC. Chairman suggests measures to improve the economic condition.<ref name="EAC"/> He was appointed in August 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vision.sughosh.in/economic-advisory-council-pm// |title=C. Rangarajan to head PMEAC again |publisher=vision.sughosh.in |access-date=2014-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306015118/http://vision.sughosh.in/economic-advisory-council-pm/ |archive-date=6 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Chairman had the rank equivalent to a [[Cabinet Minister]] of India.<ref name="PMEAC"/>

===Members===
The following are currently the members of the PMEAC:<ref name="EAC"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eacpm.gov.in/about-us/part-time-members/|title=PM - Economic Advisory Council - Part-time Members}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/govt-appoints-3-part-time-members-to-eac-pm-119101700406_1.html|title=Govt expands PM's Economic Advisory Council; appoints 3 part-time members|last=Roychoudhury|first=Arup|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref>

* [[Bibek Debroy]] - chairman of the council, who was a member of NITI Aayog.
*Dr. Shamika Ravi, as a full time member who was also earlier member of the EAC.
*
* [[Sanjeev Sanyal]], as full-time member, who was Principal Economic Advisor of Finance Minister.
* Dr. Sajjid Z. Chinoy, as part-time member, who is Chief India Economist at J.P. Morgan
* Dr. Ashima Goyal, as part-time member, a widely published economist and Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research professor
* Prof. TT Ram Mohan, as part-time member. Visiting Professor at IIM Ahmedabad.
*Neelkanth Mishra, as part-time member, is a Managing Director, Co-Head of Equity Strategy, Asia Pacific, and India Strategist for Credit Suisse
*Nilesh Shah is currently Managing Director of Kotak Mahindra Asset Management Company Limited
*Dr. Poonam Gupta, as part-time member. Director General of NCAER.

The previous EAC had, in addition to Dr C Rangarajan, the following members:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/latest/938551/economic-advisory-council-reconstituted-members-who-raised-concerns-about-economy-dropped|title=Members who raised concerns about economy dropped from prime minister's advisory council|author=Scroll Staff|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref>

* Dr. M Govinda Rao (Director-General, National Institute of Public Finance & Policy)
* Dr. Saumitra Chaudhury (Economic Adviser, ICRA (Information and [[credit rating]] services), India)
* Dr. Vijay Shankar Vyas (President, Asian Society of Agricultural Economists)
* Dr. Dilip M. Nachane ( Professor Emeritus, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai)
*Economist Surjit Bhalla
*National Institute of Public Finance and Policy director Dr. Rathin Roy
*Brookings Institution member Shamika Ravi

In the previous PMEAC, the members of the council were given the rank of [[Minister of State]].<ref name="PMEAC"/> At one time even the former Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] was a member of the PMEAC<ref>[http://india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2 ManMohan Singh's Profile] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111207031001/http://india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2 }}</ref>

===Officials===

The previous EAC had the following officials:
* Dr. Alok Sheel - Secretary
* Tapasya Obhroi Nair - Deputy Secretary
* Sh. Vibeesh E M - Senior Research Officer

==Impact==
The periodic reports of the PMEAC - the annual ''Economic Outlook''<ref name="business1"/> and ''Review of the Economy'' - are the most widely followed. Additionally the remarks and opinions of the Chairman and members of the PMEAC get widespread media coverage and are influential in formulation of the policies of other economic agencies, financial institutions and businesses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_prime-minister-s-economic-advisory-council-recommends-hike-in-interest-rates_1413785 |title=PMEAC news |publisher=Dnaindia.com |access-date=2011-03-07}}</ref> Many financial periodicals publish interviews and speeches of PMEAC Chairman<ref name = "IC">{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/qa-c-rangarajan-chairman-economic-advisory-council/412371/ |title=Interview with C.Rangrajan |publisher=Business-standard.com |access-date=2011-03-07}}</ref> to understand the most critical economic woes facing the country like [[inflation]], [[Monetary policy|monetary measures]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/rbi-may-go-for-further-monetary-tightening-measures-pmeac/articleshow/7493800.cms |title=RBI may go for tightening |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |access-date=2011-03-07}}</ref> etc. Views of the PMEAC are also sought after to better understand the prospects of economic performance of India like its growth rates<ref name = "IC"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/PMEAC-pegs-growth-at-8-in-10-11/articleshow/5403313.cms |title=Growth Rate of india TOI |work=The Times of India |access-date=2011-03-07}}</ref> as well as on policy matters like ''autonomy of regulators''<ref>{{cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/pmeac-chairman-backs-regulators-autonomy/articleshow/6267980.cms | work=The Times of India | title=PMEAC chairman backs regulators' autonomy | date=2010-08-07}}</ref> and cotton export policy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/pmeac-finds-flaws-in-cotton-export-policy/102621/on |title=Cotton Export Policy Business standard article |publisher=Business-standard.com |access-date=2011-03-07}}</ref> In February 2011, PMEAC recommended to the [[Government of India|government]] to initiate the process of fiscal consolidation given that the [[Financial crisis of 2007–2008|international financial crisis]] has started to ease and the [[Government of India|government]] had to re-initiate its commitment to the [[Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act]].<ref>{{cite news
| title = PMEAC asks govt to withdraw a few tax exemptions in Budget
| url = http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/pmeac-asks-govt-to-withdrawfew-tax-exemptions-in-budget/426102/
| work = Business Standard
| date = 22 February 2011
| access-date = 22 February 2011
}}</ref>

==Reports==
Among the widely read periodic reports of the PMEAC - the annual ''Economic Outlook''<ref name="business1"/> and ''Review of the Economy'', the following are the latest editions.
#Review of the Economy 2010-11<ref name=2010report>{{cite web|title=Review of Economy 2010-11|url=http://eac.gov.in/reports/revieweconomic_201011.pdf|publisher=PMEAC|access-date=7 March 2011}}</ref>
#Economic Outlook for 2010-11<ref name=EO2010>{{cite web|title=Economic Outlook for 2010-11|url=http://eac.gov.in/reports/ecoout_1011.pdf|publisher=PMEAC|access-date=7 March 2011}}</ref>
#Review of the Economy 2009-10<ref name=2009report>{{cite web|title=Review of the Economy 2009-10|url=http://eac.gov.in/reports/eac_rv0910.pdf|publisher=PMEAC|access-date=7 March 2011}}</ref>
#Economic Outlook for 2009-10<ref name=EO2009>{{cite web|title=Economic Outlook for 2009-10|url=http://eac.gov.in/reports/eo09_10.pdf|publisher=PMEAC|access-date=7 March 2011}}</ref>
#Review of the Economy 2008-09<ref name=2008report>{{cite web|title=Review of the Economy 2008-09|url=http://eac.gov.in/reports/eac_rv0809.pdf|publisher=PMEAC|access-date=7 March 2011}}</ref>
#Economic Outlook 2008-09<ref name=2008EO>{{cite web|title=Economic Outlook 2008-09|url=http://eac.gov.in/reports/ecout0809.pdf|access-date=7 March 2011}}</ref>
#Review of the Economy 2007-08<ref name=2007report>{{cite web|title=Review of the Economy 2007-08|url=http://eac.gov.in/reports/rev_eco0708.pdf|publisher=PMEAC|access-date=7 March 2011}}</ref>
#Economic Outlook for 2007-08<ref name=EO2007>{{cite web|title=Economic Outlook for 2007-08|url=http://eac.gov.in/reports/ecout0708.pdf|publisher=PMEAC|access-date=7 March 2011}}</ref>
#Economic Outlook 2006-07<ref name=EO2006>{{cite web|title=Economic Outlook 2006-07|url=http://eac.gov.in/reports/eac0607.pdf|publisher=PMEAC|access-date=7 March 2011}}</ref>

==Latest assessment 2010–11==
[[File:PMEAC-Review-of-Economy-2010-11.pdf|thumb|PMEAC Review of Economy 2010-11 Full Document]]
Based on the latest assessment of the Economy of India for the financial year 2010–11, the EAC has highlighted the following:<ref name=2010report/>
* Economic growth projected at 8.6% for FY2010-11 and 9% for FY2011-12
* Inflation estimated to be at 7% by March-end
* Agriculture sector projected to grow 5.4% in 2010-11
* Industry sector to expand at 8.1% and services sector at 9.6%
* Fiscal deficit to come down to 5.2% in FY11
* Exports estimated to increase to $230 billion in FY2010-11
* Current account deficit to be 3% of GDP
* Budgeted fiscal and revenue deficit beyond comfort zone
* Capital inflows projected at $64.6 billion this fiscal
* Investment rate expected to be 37%
* Domestic savings rate expected to be 34%

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Economics|Business and economics}}

== References==
{{reflist}}

{{Economy of India topics}}

==External links==
* [http://eac.gov.in/ Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister Homepage]

[[Category:Government agencies of India]]
[[Category:Economy of India]]
[[Category:Councils of India]]

East India

2022-07-26T06:42:48Z

Preetiarora505:

{{short description|Group of Eastern Indian states}}
{{About||the British company|East India Company|other uses|East India (disambiguation)}}
{{distinguish|East Indies}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = East India
| native_name_lang =  
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| motto =
| image_map = East India.svg
| map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|23.25|N|86.00|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|States and territories]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{plainlist|
* [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
* [[Bihar]]
* [[Jharkhand]]
* [[Odisha]]
* [[West Bengal]]
}}
| subdivision_type2 = Largest city
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kolkata]]
| subdivision_type3 = Most populous cities (2011)
| subdivision_name3 = {{Flatlist|

Bihar:
* [[Patna]]
* [[Gaya, India|Gaya]]
* [[Bhagalpur]]
* [[Muzaffarpur]]
* [[Purnia]]

Jharkhand:
* [[Jamshedpur]]
* [[Dhanbad]]
* [[Ranchi]]
* [[Bokaro Steel City]]
* [[Deoghar]]

Odisha:
* [[Bhubaneswar]]
* [[Cuttack]]
* [[Rourkela]]
* [[Berhampur]]
* [[Sambalpur]]

West Bengal:
* [[Kolkata]]
* [[Asansol]]
* [[Siliguri]]
* [[Durgapur]]
* [[Bardhaman]]
}}
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Official languages of India|Official languages]]
| blank_info_sec1 = {{Flatlist|
* [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
* [[English language|English]]
* [[Hindi]]
* [[Maithili language|Maithili]]
* [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
* [[Odia language|Odia]]
* [[Santali language|Santali]]
* [[Urdu]]

}}
| unit_pref = Metric

| area_footnotes =
| area_note =
| area_water_percent =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 418,323
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| population_total = 226,925,195
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
| utc_offset1 =
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
}}

'''East India''' is a [[List of regions of India|region of India]] consisting of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian states]] of [[Bihar]],<ref>{{cite web | title = State Profile | publisher = Bihar Government website | url=http://gov.bih.nic.in/Profile/default.htm }}</ref> [[Jharkhand]],<ref>{{cite web |author=Govt. of Jharkhand |url=http://jharkhand.gov.in |title=Official Site of Government of Jharkhand, India |access-date=25 April 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422103228/http://www.jharkhand.gov.in/ |archive-date=22 April 2016 }}</ref> [[Odisha]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.odishatourism.gov.in/|title=Odisha Tourism|website=odishatourism.gov.in|access-date=23 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223202143/http://www.odishatourism.gov.in/|archive-date=23 December 2016}}</ref>
and [[West Bengal]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Govt of West Bengal |url=http://westbengal.gov.in/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000304155833/http://www.westbengal.gov.in/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2000 |title=Official Site of Government of West Bengal, India |publisher=Westbengal.gov.in |access-date=15 June 2013 }}</ref> and also the [[union territory]] of the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=108,959825&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL | title=Eastern Region – Geological Survey of India | publisher=Geological Survey of India, MOI, Government of India | access-date=2 May 2015 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924090604/http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=108,959825&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL | archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> The region roughly corresponds to the historical region of [[Magadha]] from which it inherits its various [[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages]].

The states of [[Bihar]] and [[West Bengal]] lie on the [[Indo-Gangetic plain]]. [[Jharkhand]] is situated on the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. [[Odisha]] lies on the [[Eastern Ghats]] and the [[Deccan Plateau]]. West Bengal's capital [[Kolkata]] is the largest city of this region. The [[Kolkata Metropolitan Area]] is the country's third largest. The region is bounded by [[Bhutan]], [[Nepal]] and the state of [[Sikkim]] in the north, the states of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Chhattisgarh]] on the west, the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in the south and the country of [[Bangladesh]] in the east. It is also bounded by the [[Bay of Bengal]] in the south-east. It is connected to the [[Seven Sister States]] of [[Northeast India]] by the narrow [[Siliguri Corridor]] in the north east of West Bengal. East India has the [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP|fourth-largest gross domestic product]] than any other region in India.

The region was ruled by several empires, including [[Gangaridai]], [[Nanda Empire|Nandas]], [[Maurya Empire|Mauryans]], [[Gupta Empire|Guptas]], [[Pala Empire|Palas]], [[Sena dynasty|Senas]], [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Gangas]], [[Gajapati Kingdom|Gajapatis]], [[Delhi Sultanate]], [[Bengal Sultanate]], [[Mughal Empire]] and the [[British Empire]].

==History==
[[File:Maurya Dynasty in 265 BCE.jpg|thumb|The extent of the [[Maurya Empire]]]]
[[File:Tughlaq dynasty 1321 - 1398 ad.PNG|thumb|The extent of the [[Delhi Sultanate]]]]

During the Neolithic period, agriculture started in South Asia. Neolithic settlements have been found in [[Chirand]]. In the Kabra-Kala mound at the confluence of the [[Son River|Son]] and [[North Koel River|North Koel]] rivers in [[Palamu district]], various antiquities and art objects from the [[Neolithic]] to medieval periods have been found; the [[Sherd|pot-sherds]] of [[redware]], [[Black and red ware culture|black and red ware]], black ware, [[Slipware|black slipped ware]], and [[Northern Black Polished Ware|NBP ware]] are from the [[Chalcolithic]] to late medieval periods.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.asiranchi.org/activities-kabrakala.html|title=KABRA – KALA|website=asiranchi.org}}</ref> There are ancient cave paintings in Isko, [[Hazaribagh district]], from the Meso-chalcolithic period (9,000–5,000 BCE).<ref>{{cite news |title=Cave paintings lie in neglect |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1080313/jsp/jharkhand/story_9013558.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906124608/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1080313/jsp/jharkhand/story_9013558.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 September 2018 |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] }}</ref> From Kuchai, near [[Baripada]], various [[Neolithic]] tools like [[hoe (tool)|hoe]]s, [[chisel]]s, [[Rice pounder|pounder]]s, [[Gada (mace)|mace heads]], [[grinding stone]]s and also pieces of pottery.<ref name="Singh2008">{{cite book|author=Upinder Singh|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA122|year=2008|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1120-0|pages=122–123}}</ref> Prehistoric paintings and [[Vikramkhol Cave Inscription|inscriptions]] have also been found in Garjan Dongar in [[Sundergarh district]], and Ushakothi in [[Sambalpur district]]<ref name=Ushakothi>{{cite web|title=Ushakothi|url=http://www.sundargarhzp.odishapr.gov.in/hidden/-/asset_publisher/tMn6waGjYWb6/content/ushakothi/1090772|publisher=[[Government of Odisha]]|access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> and Vimkramkhol in [[Jharsuguda district]].<ref name=vikramkhol>{{cite news|title=Ancient rock art starts to fade out: Engravings in Vikramkhol cave under threat|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111228/jsp/odisha/story_14932470.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104163603/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111228/jsp/odisha/story_14932470.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 November 2014|access-date=10 June 2014|work=[[The Telegraph (India)]]}}</ref><ref name="ClausDiamond2003">{{cite book|author1=Peter J. Claus|author2=Sarah Diamond|author3=Margaret Ann Mills|title=South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ienxrTPHzzwC&pg=PA521|access-date=3 February 2015|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-93919-5|page=521}}</ref> There has been an uncertainty about the inscriptions at Ushakothi and Vimkramkhol regarding whether they are in a proto-[[Brahmi script]].<ref name="ChakravartyBednarik1997">{{cite book|author1=Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty|author2=Robert G. Bednarik|title=Indian Rock Art and Its Global Context|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WsDUyOxCE4cC&pg=PA75|access-date=3 February 2015|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-1464-6|pages=68, 75}}</ref> Yogimath near [[Khariar]] has cave paintings from the Neolithic.<ref name="ChakravartyBednarik1997"/><ref name=Bhawanipatna>{{cite web|title=Bhawanipatna|url=http://www.orissatourism.gov.in/new/bhawani.htm|publisher=Tourism Department, [[Government of Odisha]]|access-date=3 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422030318/http://www.orissatourism.gov.in/new/bhawani.htm|archive-date=22 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> There is Chalcolithic sites in [[Pandu Rajar Dhibi]] in the lower Ajay valley in West Bengal. [[Slag|Iron slag]], [[microlith]]s, and [[potsherds]] from 1400 BCE, according to carbon dating, were discovered in [[Singhbhum district]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA220|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century|first=Upinder|last=Singh|publisher=Pearson Education India|access-date=17 February 2019|via=Google Books|isbn=9788131711200}}</ref> During the late Vedic period, several [[janapada]]s emerged in India. In the 6th century BCE, the [[mahajanapadas]] emerged in several parts of the Indian subcontinent.

The region was the historical centre of the [[Nanda Empire|Nanda]], [[Maurya]], [[Shunga Empire|Shunga]], [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] and [[Pala Empire|Pala]] empires that ruled much of the Indian sub-continent at their prime. In medieval India, it was incorporated into the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]], [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] and then the [[British Raj|British]] empire. After independence in 1947, the states joined the Indian Union and took their current form after the [[States Reorganisation Act]] of 1956. Today, they continue to face problems of overpopulation, environmental degradation and pervasive corruption despite significant economic and social progress.

After the [[Kalinga War]] the Maurya king [[Ashoka]] sent emissaries to spread Buddhism across Asia. The university of Nalanda was in [[Bihar]]. Chinese travellers visited Buddhist and Hindu temples and libraries in the universities of Magadha Empire. The Emperor of Kalinga Mahameghavahana Aira [[Kharavela]] was one of the most powerful monarchs of ancient India. The [[Jain]] thirkhankar [[Mahaveer]] was born here and founded [[Jainism]].
[[File:Konark Sun Temple Front view.jpg|thumb|right|[[Konark Sun Temple]] built by the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]] is a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] in [[Odisha]]]]
Islamic invasions in the 13th century resulted in the collapse of Hindu kings and most Buddhists, especially in [[East Bengal]], converted to Islam. East India including Bihar and West Bengal was part of the Mughal Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries. Odisha remained a powerful Hindu dynasty under the rule of Soma/Keshari Dynasty, Eastern Ganga Dynasty, Surya Dynasty till the end of the 16th century. The mighty [[Nalanda University]] existed at [[Nalanda]] which was destroyed by [[Bakhtiar Khilji]] during the 12th century and also defeated [[Sena Dynasty]]. [[Sher Shah Suri]], who became king of India after defeating [[Humayun]], founded the city of [[Patna]] on the ruins of ancient [[Pataliputra]].

[[Islam]] arrived during the 7th century CE and became dominant gradually since the early 13th century with the advent of Muslim rulers as well as [[Sunni]] missionaries such as [[Shah Jalal]] in the region. Later, Muslim rulers, starting from the [[Delhi Sultanate]] initiated the preaching of Islam by building mosques. From the 14th century onward, it was ruled by the [[Bengal Sultanate]], founded by king [[Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah]], beginning a period of the country's economic prosperity and military dominance over the regional empires, which was referred by the Europeans to as the richest country to trade with.<ref>Nanda, J. N (2005). {{cite book |year=2005 | title=Bengal: the unique state | publisher=Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. | isbn=978-81-8069-149-2 | quote=Bengal [...] was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.}}</ref> Afterwards, the entire East India came under the [[Mughal Empire]], becoming as the most advanced parts in the world. [[Bengal Subah]] generated almost half of the empire's [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and 12% of the [[World economy|world's GDP]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Poverty From The Wealth of Nations: Integration and Polarization in the Global Economy since 1760|author=M. Shahid Alam|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]|year=2016|page=32 |isbn=978-0-333-98564-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=suKKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32|author-link=M. Shahid Alam}}</ref><ref>[[Angus Maddison|Maddison, Angus]] (2003): ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=rHJGz3HiJbcC&pg=PA259 Development Centre Studies The World Economy Historical Statistics: Historical Statistics]'', [[OECD Publishing]], {{ISBN|9264104143}}, pages 259–261</ref><ref name="harrison">{{cite book|title=Developing cultures: case studies|author=[[Lawrence Harrison (academic)|Lawrence E. Harrison]], [[Peter L. Berger]]|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2006|page=158|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RB0oAQAAIAAJ|isbn=9780415952798}}</ref> larger than the entirety of western [[Europe]].{{citation needed}}

With the arrival of the Europeans in the 17th century, outposts were established in Odisha Coast and Bengal. The European traders established their trade centres in the ports of [[Balasore]], [[Pipili]], [[Palur]] in the Odisha Coast during the rule of the last independent Hindu king Gajapati Prataprudra Dev. The Portuguese were in Chittagong, Dutch in Chinsura, French in Pondicherry and the English founded [[Calcutta]]. The [[Maratha invasions of Bengal|Maratha Invasion of Bengal]] badly affected the economy of Bengal and it is estimated that 400,000 people were butchered by the Hindu Maratha bargis and many women and children gang raped,<ref name="Marshall72">{{cite book|title=Bengal: The British Bridgehead: Eastern India 1740-1828|author=[[P. J. Marshall]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2006|page=72|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIZrfokYSY8C&pg=PA72|isbn=9780521028226}}</ref> and the genocide has been considered to be among the deadliest massacres in Indian history.<ref name="Davies">{{cite book |author=C. C. Davies |year=1957 |chapter=Chapter XXIII: Rivalries in India |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ejh1RnNDt4C&pg=PG555 |editor=J. O. Lindsay |editor-link=J. O. Lindsay |title=The New Cambridge Modern History |title-link=The New Cambridge Modern History |volume=7 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=555 |isbn=978-0-521-04545-2}}</ref> In 1756, the [[British East India Company]] defeated the local Indian Muslim rulers in [[Plassey]] and established British Rule in the subcontinent. Its capital Calcutta grew into one of the world's greatest ports. Tea from Calcutta was off-loaded by American separatists in the [[American War of Independence]] in the 1770s. In the 19th century, Calcutta's traders and merchants traded with the rest of the British Empire, continental Europe, the United States and China. Indentured Indian labourers from Bihar, sailed to new homes in [[Fiji]], [[Mauritius]], [[Guyana]], [[Surinam (Dutch colony)|Surinam]] and South Africa.

India's independence movement had strong roots in East India. The feudal land system, established through the Permanent Settlement of Bengal, was unpopular among the peasant cultivators and the numerous agricultural labourers found all over Bihar and Bengal (Khetmazdoors). The Indian Rebellion of 1857 started in [[Bengal]]. British war propaganda asserted there were atrocities by the mutinous soldiers in the [[Black Hole of Calcutta]]. Eventually the British prevailed, and Calcutta remained capital of Britain's Asian dominions until 1911. During [[Gandhi]]'s independence movement, the Bihari village of Champaran was an important supporter of non-violent resistance. Great poets of the stature of [[Rabindranath Tagore]] championed the movement for self-rule.

The Partition also had its roots in undivided Eastern India. The [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] was founded in [[Dhaka]] in 1906. In the 1937 provincial elections, it came to power in Bengal in alliance with the [[Krishak Praja Party]]. in 1944, it gained an absolute majority in the Bengal Assembly, and Hussein Suhrawardy became the [[Chief Minister]]. After widespread communal violence during the [[Direct Action Day]] protests in [[Calcutta]], leading to further communal violence across [[British India]], the creation of Pakistan became inevitable. In 1947, further communal violence displaced millions as independence and [[Partition of India|partition]] of British India occurred. Some Bihari and Bengali Muslims fled to the newly created [[East Pakistan]]. Most East Bengal Hindus fled to India.

The 1950s saw industrial progress in East India. These were cut short with the conflict in neighbouring [[East Pakistan]] and by the [[Communist]] movement at home. In 1971, in the course of Bangladesh's independence struggle, millions of refugees poured into East India.
[[Bihar]] and [[Odisha]] struggled with economic issues during the [[British Raj|British rule]] and in the beginning of [[History of the Republic of India|post independent India]]. But in recent years, these two states have shown impressive growth record and developed steadily. The economic boom since 2005 started to spread new malls, highways, airports and IT office complexes, but not evenly across the region. Jharkhand became a separate state on 15 November 2000. In the modern times, these states have seen rapid transformation and home to several mineral and metal based industries,<ref>{{cite web|author=Govt. of Odisha|url=http://orissaminerals.gov.in/website/StateIndustry.aspx?GL=sip&PL=3|title=Department of Steel and Mines, Government of Odisha, India|publisher=odisha.gov.in|access-date=26 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616044015/http://www.orissaminerals.gov.in/website/StateIndustry.aspx?GL=sip&PL=3|archive-date=16 June 2016}}</ref> [[Talcher Super Thermal Power Station|coal based thermal powers units]], [[Paradip Refinery|oil refineries]], [[Paradip Port|ports]], textile industries and well established [[Education in Odisha|public and private educational institutes]]. West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha and Jharkhand rank 6th, 14th, 16th and 18th in the [[List of Indian states by GDP]]. [[Odisha]] has shown consistent growth in the state GDP and received the recognition of the [[Economy of Odisha|fastest-growing economy]] among the states in [[India]].

==Education==
[[Nalanda]], [[Puspagiri]] and [[Vikramshila]] universities were the famed institutions of higher learning in ancient India located in Eastern India. One of the first great universities in recorded history was the ancient [[Nalanda University]] located in Bihar and another institute of higher learning was the ancient [[Puspagiri University]] recently discovered in Odisha. Education in the eastern part of India has seen rapid transformation. Several new educational institutes have been established to cater the needs of students. East India is now the home to some of the great Indian universities and Institutions of National Importance. Some prominent institutions of higher learning located in the states of Eastern India are listed below.
[[File:Nalanda Univercity.JPG|thumb|Famed Buddhist Nalanda University & Monastery ruins in [[Bihar]]]]
[[File:Ratnagiri Jajpur district Odisha.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ratnagiri, Odisha]], Part of [[Puspagiri]] University]]
[[File:Udayagiri WIKI.JPG|thumb|right|[[Udayagiri, Odisha]], Part of [[Puspagiri]] University]]

===Bihar===
{{Main|Education in Bihar}}
[[File:Software Technology Park of India, Patna..jpg|thumb|Software Technology Park of India, IIT Patna]]
*[[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna]]
*[[Aryabhatta Knowledge University]], Patna
*[[Bhagalpur College of Engineering]]
*[[Birla Institute of Technology, Patna]]
*[[Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology, Hajipur]]
*[[Chanakya National Law University]], [[Patna]]
*[[Chandragupt Institute of Management]], [[Patna]]
*[[Indian Institute of Management Bodh Gaya]]
*[[Indian Institute of Technology Patna]]
*[[Katihar Engineering College]]
*[[Institute of Hotel Management, Hajipur]]
*[[Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology]]
*[[Nalanda University]]
*[[National Institute of Fashion Technology Patna]]
*[[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur]]
*[[National Institute of Technology, Patna]]
*[[Patna Medical College and Hospital]]
*[[Patna University]]
*[[Purnea University]]
*[[Vidya Vihar Institute of Technology]], [[Purnia]]

{{see also|List of institutions of higher education in Bihar}}

===Jharkhand===
{{main|Education in Jharkhand}}
*[[Al Kabir Polytechnic]], [[Jamshedpur]]
*[[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar|All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)]], Deoghar
*[[Binod Bihari Mahto Koyalanchal University]], [[Dhanbad]]
*[[Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra]], [[Ranchi]]
*[[Birsa Agricultural University]], [[Ranchi]]
*[[Birsa Institute of Technology Sindri]], [[Dhanbad]], AKA BIT Sindri
*[[Central University of Jharkhand]], [[Ranchi]]
*[[Indian Institute of Management Ranchi]], AKA IIM Ranchi
*[[Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad|Indian Institute of Technology]], AKA IIT Dhanbad, formerly [[Indian School of Mines University]]
*[[Karim City College, Jamshedpur|Karim City College]], [[Jamshedpur]]
*[[Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Jamshedpur]]
*[[National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur]]
*[[National Institute of Foundry and Forge Technology|National Institute of Foundry and Forge Technology, Ranchi]]
*[[Patliputra Medical College and Hospital]], [[Dhanbad]]
*[[Phulo Jhano Murmu Medical College and Hospital]], Dumka
*[[Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences]] [[Ranchi]]
*[[Sido Kanhu Murmu University]] [[Dumka]]
*[[Vinoba Bhave University]] [[Hazaribagh]]
*[[Xavier Institute of Social Service|Xavier Institute of Social Service (XISS)]], [[Ranchi]]
*[[XLRI - Xavier School of Management]], [[Jamshedpur]]

{{see also|List of institutions of higher education in Jharkhand}}

===Odisha===
{{Main|Education in Odisha}}
[[File:Ravenshaw Convention Centre,Ravenshaw University,Cuttack.jpg|thumb|right|Ravenshaw Convention Centre, [[Ravenshaw University]], [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]]]]
*[[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar]]
*[[Army Air Defence College]], [[Gopalpur, Odisha|Gopalpur, Brahmapur]]
*[[Berhampur University]], [[Berhampur]]
*[[Biju Patnaik University of Technology]], [[Rourkela]]
*[[Central University of Odisha]], [[Koraput]]
*[[Centurion University of Technology and Management]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
*[[College of Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar]]
*[[Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, Bhubaneswar]]
*[[Indian Institute of Mass Communication]], [[Dhenkanal, India|Dhenkanal]]
*[[Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar]]
*[[Indian Institutes of Management]], [[Sambalpur]]
*[[Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research]], [[Berhampur]]
*[[Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
*[[Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar]]
*[[International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar]]
*[[Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology]], AKA KIIT University, [[Bhubaneswar]]
*[[Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
*[[National Institute of Fashion Technology]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
*[[National Institute of Science and Technology]], [[Berhampur]]
*[[National Institute of Science Education and Research]], Bhubaneswar
*[[National Institutes of Technology]], Rourkela
*[[National Law University Odisha]]
*[[North Orissa University]], [[Baripada]]
*[[Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
*[[Pandit Raghunath Murmu Medical College and Hospital]] [[Baripada]]
*[[Ravenshaw University]], [[Cuttack]]
*[[Regional Institute of Education]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
*[[Sambalpur University]], [[Sambalpur]]
*[[Siksha 'O' Anusandhan]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
*[[Sri Sri University]], [[Cuttack]]
*[[Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital]], [[Cuttack]]
*[[Utkal University]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
*[[Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research]], [[Burla, India|Burla]]
*[[Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology]], [[Burla, India|Burla]]
*[[Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar]]
{{see also|List of institutions of higher education in Odisha }}



===West Bengal===
{{Main|Education in West Bengal}}
[[File:Mchbuilding.JPG|thumb|Medical College and Hospital, [[Kolkata]]]]
[[File:Iimc audi.jpg|thumb|Auditorium of [[IIM Calcutta]]]]
*[[Adamas University]], [[Kolkata]]
*[[Aliah University]], [[Kolkata]]
*[[Amity University, Kolkata]]
*[[Asansol Engineering College]], [[Asansol]]
*[[Calcutta National Medical College]]
*[[Government College of Engineering & Textile Technology Serampore]]
*[[Government College of Engineering & Textile Technology, Berhampore]]
*[[Haldia Institute of Technology]], [[Haldia]]
*[[Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata]]
*[[Indian Institute of Foreign Trade]]
*[[Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science]]
*[[Indian Institute of Chemical Biology]]
*[[Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur]], formerly Bengal Engineering and Science University
*[[Indian Institute of Management Calcutta]]
*[[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]]
*[[Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research]], [[Kolkata]]
*[[Indian Statistical Institute]], [[Kolkata]]
*[[Jadavpur University]]
*[[Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College]]
*[[JIS University]], [[Kolkata]]
*[[Kalyani Government Engineering College]]
*[[Kazi Nazrul University]], [[Asansol]]
*[[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology]]
*[[Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata]]
*[[Narula Institute of Technology]], [[Kolkata]]
*[[National Institute of Technology, Durgapur]]
*[[Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital]]
*[[Presidency University, Kolkata]]
*[[Rabindra Bharati University]], [[Kolkata]]
*[[S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences]]
*[[Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics]]
*[[Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute]], [[Kolkata]]
*[[Sidho Kanho Birsha University]] [[Purulia]]
*[[University of Burdwan]]
*[[University of Calcutta]]
*[[University of Engineering & Management (UEM), Kolkata]]
*[[University of Gour Banga]], [[Malda district|Malda]]
*[[University of Kalyani]]
*[[University of North Bengal]], [[Siliguri]]
*[[Vidyasagar University]]
*[[Visva-Bharati University]], [[Bolpur]]
*[[West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences]], [[Kolkata]]

{{see also|List of institutions of higher education in West Bengal}}

==Urban areas==
[[File:Skyline Kolkata City of Joy.png|thumb|Skyline in [[Kolkata]]]]
There were many ancient cities established in Eastern India. Prominent among them were [[Pataliputra]], [[Bangarh]], [[Tamralipta]], [[Champapuri]], [[Chandraketugarh]], [[Dantapura]], [[Gauḍa (city)|Gauda]], [[Cuttack|Katak]], [[Sisupalgarh]], [[Tosali]], [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], [[Jaugada]], [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]], [[Rajapura]], [[Asurgarh]] and [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]].

===West Bengal===
[[File:22 Camac St Mall.JPG|thumb|[[Camac Street]], one of the CBD in [[Kolkata]]]]
[[File:DLF IT Park - Rajarhat 2012-04-11 9380.JPG|thumb|[[New Town, Kolkata|New Town]], [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]]]
[[West Bengal]]'s capital [[Kolkata]], the capital of [[British India]] until 1911, is the biggest metropolis and economically dominant city of the region and third largest in India and one of the fastest-growing cities in the world. It is also the main centre of commerce or the commercial capital of Eastern and north Eastern India. Kolkata is very fast transforming itself to become city equipped with every facilities for IT and ITES and also financial outsourcing hub and its satellites [[Salt Lake City, Kolkata|Salt Lake]] and [[New Town, Kolkata|Rajarhat-New Town]] are taken the burdens of India's IT and financial boom. There are many [[Satellite town]] also situated in Kolkata, some of them are [[Salt Lake City, Kolkata|Salt Lake]], [[New Town, Kolkata|Rajarhat-New Town]], [[Kolkata West International City]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]], [[Calcutta Riverside]]. It is also known as '''City Of Joy'''. However, the mid-sized cities of [[Asansol]], [[Durgapur, West Bengal|Durgapur]], [[Siliguri]] in [[West Bengal]] are rapidly growing urban areas. [[West Bengal]] is the highest contributor of GDP among all other eastern state for India and it is also one of the Fastest-growing states in India.

West Bengal is the hub of industry and economic activities in Eastern India and it is also the home to the tallest skylines located in this region and are also one of the tallest buildings in the country. It is also the home of history of rising India.
[[File:Howrah Bridge, Kolkota.jpg|thumb|left|[[Howrah Bridge]] links Kolkata to Western bank of [[Ganges]]]]
The [[Kolkata metropolitan area]] is spread over {{Convert|1886.67|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|2}}<ref name=kmdaanreport2011kma>{{cite web |url=http://www.kmdaonline.org/pdf/aar11/introducing_kma.pdf |title=Introducing KMA |year=2011 |work=Annual Report 2011 |publisher=Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority |access-date=9 February 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605134704/http://www.kmdaonline.org/pdf/aar11/introducing_kma.pdf |archive-date=5 June 2013 }}</ref>{{rp|7}} and comprises 3 municipal corporations (including Kolkata Municipal Corporation), 39 [[Neighbourhoods in Kolkata|local municipalities]] and 24 [[panchayat samiti]]s, {{as of|2011|lc=on}}.<ref name=kmdaanreport2011kma/>{{rp|7}} The urban agglomeration encompassed 72 cities and 527 towns and villages, {{as of|2006|lc=on}}.<ref name=Metropolis/> Suburban areas in the Kolkata metropolitan area incorporate parts of the following districts: [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]], [[South 24 Parganas district|South 24 Parganas]], [[Howrah district|Howrah]], [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] and [[Nadia district|Nadia]].<ref name="urbanprice">{{Cite book|editor1-last=Sahdev| editor1-first=Shashi| editor2-last = Verma | editor2-first = Nilima | contribution = Urban Land price Scenario- Kolkata − 2008 | contribution-url = http://tcpomud.gov.in/Divisions/IEP/Urban%20Land%20Price%20Scenario-%20Kolkata/chapter%20II%20Kol.doc | series = Industry and Economic Planning| year = 2008| title=Kolkata—an outline|publisher = Town and Country Planning Organisation, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India|chapter-format=DOC}}</ref>{{rp|15}} Kolkata, which is under the jurisdiction of the [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]] ( KMC), has an area of {{Convert|185|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|0}}.<ref name=Metropolis>{{cite web|publisher=World Association of the Major Metropolises |url=http://www.metropolis.org/sites/default/files/metropolitan_regions/438_007_kolkata_eng.pdf |title=007 Kolkata (India) |access-date=31 August 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308102346/http://www.metropolis.org/sites/default/files/metropolitan_regions/438_007_kolkata_eng.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2012 }}</ref> The east–west dimension of the city is comparatively narrow, stretching from the Hooghly River in the west to roughly the [[Eastern Metropolitan Bypass]] in the east—a span of {{Convert|9|-|10|km|mi|abbr=on|1}}.<ref>{{cite map |publisher=NASA |title=Calcutta, West Bengal, India |url=http://southport.jpl.nasa.gov/cdrom/sirced03/cdrom/DATA/LOCATION/ASIAMIDE/CALCUTTA/CALCUTTA.HTM |series=Mission to planet earth program |access-date=25 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104150559/http://southport.jpl.nasa.gov/cdrom/sirced03/cdrom/DATA/LOCATION/ASIAMIDE/CALCUTTA/CALCUTTA.HTM |archive-date=4 January 2013 }}</ref> The north–south distance is greater, and its axis is used to section the city into North, Central and South Kolkata.
[[File:Birla Planetarium Kolkata (24455076008).jpg|thumb|[[List of tallest buildings in Kolkata|Kolkata skyline]] in 2017]]
[[File:PrincepGhat.jpg|thumb|[[Vidyasagar Setu]] over [[Hooghly River]]]]
North Kolkata is the oldest part of the city. Characterised by 19th-century architecture and narrow alleyways, it includes areas such as [[Jorasanko]], [[Maniktala]], [[Ultadanga]], [[Shyambazar]], [[Shobhabazar]], [[Bagbazar]], [[Cossipore]], [[Sinthee]] etc. The north suburban areas like [[Dum Dum]], [[Baranagar]], [[Belgharia]], [[Sodepur]], [[Khardaha]], [[New Barrackpore]], [[Madhyamgram]], [[Barrackpore]], [[Barasat]] etc. are also within the city of Kolkata (as a metropolitan structure).<ref name="urbanprice3">{{Cite book|editor1-last = Sahdev| editor1-first = Shashi | editor2-last = Verma | editor2-first = Nilima | contribution = Urban Land price Scenario- Kolkata − 2008 | contribution-url = http://tcpomud.gov.in/Divisions/IEP/Urban%20Land%20Price%20Scenario-%20Kolkata/Chapter%20III%20Kol.doc | series = Industry and Economic Planning| title=Trends in land prices in Kolkata|year = 2008| publisher = Town and Country Planning Organisation, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India|chapter-format=DOC}}</ref>{{rp|65–66}}

Central Kolkata hosts the central business district. It contains [[B.B.D. Bagh]], formerly known as Dalhousie Square and the [[Esplanade, Kolkata|Esplanade]] on its east; [[Strand Road, Kolkata|Strand Road]] is on its west.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.westbengaltourism.gov.in/web/guest/dalhousie-square |title=Kolkata heritage |publisher=Government of West Bengal |access-date=27 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114162511/http://www.westbengaltourism.gov.in/web/guest/dalhousie-square |archive-date=14 January 2012 }}</ref> The [[Writers' Building|West Bengal Secretariat]], [[General Post Office, Kolkata|General Post Office]], [[Reserve Bank of India]], [[Calcutta High Court]], [[Lalbazar|Lalbazar Police Headquarters]] and several other government and private offices are located there. Another business hub is the area south of [[Park Street, Kolkata|Park Street]], which comprises thoroughfares such as [[Chowringhee Road]], [[Camac Street]], Wood Street, Loudon Street, [[Shakespeare Sarani]], [[AJC Bose Road]] etc.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BSNL may take two weeks to be back online |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-09/kolkata/28184192_1_broadband-connections-calcutta-telephones-broadband-lines |agency=[[Times News Network|Times News Network (TNN)]] |access-date=27 November 2011 |quote=With the Camac Street-Park Street-Shakespeare Sarani commercial hub located smack in the middle of the affected zone.. |location=New Delhi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701130856/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-09/kolkata/28184192_1_broadband-connections-calcutta-telephones-broadband-lines |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> The [[Maidan (Kolkata)|Maidan]] is a large open field in the heart of the city that has been called the "lungs of Kolkata"<ref>{{cite news |title=In city's teeming heart, a place to gaze and graze |first=Jim |last=Yardley |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/28/world/asia/28india.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1 |newspaper=The New York Times |location=New York |access-date=27 November 2011 |quote=To Kolkata, it is the 'lungs of the city,' a recharge zone for the soul. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306012208/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/28/world/asia/28india.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1 |archive-date=6 March 2014}}</ref> and accommodates sporting events and public meetings.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maidan marauders|last=Das|first=Soumitra |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100221/jsp/calcutta/story_12132260.jsp|newspaper=The Telegraph|location=Kolkata|access-date=27 November 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118134300/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100221/jsp/calcutta/story_12132260.jsp|archive-date=18 January 2012}}</ref> The [[Victoria Memorial (India)|Victoria Memorial]] and [[Kolkata Race Course]] are located at the southern end of the Maidan. Among the other parks are [[Central Park (Kolkata)|Central Park]] in Bidhannagar and [[Millennium Park (Kolkata)|Millennium Park]] on Strand Road, along the Hooghly River.

South Kolkata includes many posh neighbourhoods such as [[Bhawanipore]], [[Alipore]], [[Ballygunge]], [[Kasba, Kolkata|Kasba]], [[Dhakuria]], [[Santoshpur, Kolkata|Santoshpur]], [[Garia]], [[Tollygunge]], [[Behala]] etc. The south suburban areas like [[Maheshtala]], [[Budge Budge]], [[Rajpur Sonarpur]], [[Baruipur]] etc. are also within the city of Kolkata (as a metropolitan structure).

[[Asansol]] is the district headquarters of Paschim Bardhaman District in West Bengal. It is the second largest city in West Bengal after Kolkata and the 39th largest urban agglomeration in India. According to a 2010 report prepared by the International Institute for Environment and Development, a UK-based policy research non-governmental think tank, Asansol is ranked 11th among Indian cities. and 42nd in the world in its list of 100 fastest-growing cities. As per the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission, Asansol has been listed as a Y-category city for calculation of HRA (House Rent Allowance) for public servants. It is one of the three non-Z category cities in West Bengal apart from Kolkata, which belong to the X category making it a tier-II city.
[[File:MCPI Factory Haldia.jpg|thumb|282x282px|MCPI plant in [[Haldia]]]]
[[Durgapur]] is by far the most industrialised city in Eastern India and the [[List of planned cities#India|second planned city in India]]. It started with the first prime minister of independent India, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. His dream of transforming the backward agricultural country into an industrially advanced nation was picked up in West Bengal by then Chief Minister [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]. At the earlier stages for the selection of a proper site for a new industrial township. Modernist American architect [[Joseph Allen Stein]], invited to head the newly formed Department of Architecture and Planning at the Bengal Engineering College in Calcutta, plunged into a major project as soon as he reached India in 1952 – the designing of Durgapur city with Benjamin Polk, another American architect already living in Calcutta. Thereafter it was the task of local leaders such as Ananda Gopal Mukherjee and bureaucrats such as K.K. Sen to get Durgapur going.

===Bihar & Jharkhand===
Bihar has [[Patna]], [[Bhagalpur]], [[Darbhanga]], [[Muzaffarpur]], [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], [[Katihar]] and [[Purnia]] as important urban areas. In [[Jharkhand]] the major urban areas are mainly dominated by industrial cities such as [[Ranchi]], [[Jamshedpur]], [[Bokaro Steel City]], [[Deoghar]], [[Hazaribagh]] and [[Dhanbad]].

[[Patna]] is the capital of the [[Bihar]], its most populous city and the second most populous city in Eastern India. It is the administrative, industrial and educational centre of the state. Patna is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world. Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the capital of the [[Magadha|Magadha Empire]] under the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Shunga, Gupta and Pala.

[[Pataliputra]] was a seat of learning and fine arts.

The modern city of Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganges. The city also straddles the rivers Sone, Gandak and Punpun. The city is approximately 35 km long and 16 km to 18 km wide. It is the second largest city of Eastern India.

In June 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna second in India (after [[Delhi]]) for ease of starting a business. As of 2004–2005, Patna had the highest per capita gross district domestic product in Bihar, at {{INR}} 63,063.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-economy-survey-of-patna-4929591-NOR.html?referrer_url=& |title=आर्थिक सर्वेक्षण: पटना के लोगों की कमाई में 9 प्रतिशत का इजाफा |access-date=25 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510204536/https://m.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-economy-survey-of-patna-4929591-NOR.html?referrer_url=& |archive-date=10 May 2018 }}</ref> Using fi gures for assumed average annual growth, Patna is the 21st fastest-growing city in the world and 5th fastest-growing city in India by the City Mayors' Foundation. Patna registered an average annual growth of 3.72% during 2006–2010. The city is also home to many tutorials and coaching institutes who prepare students for various entrance exams. IIT NIT NIFT AIIMS and other leading educational institutions are running successfully in Patna. City is also developing excellent road infrastructure to boom its economy. [[Loknayak Ganga Path|Ganga expressway]] and elevated corridors are under some of the ongoing projects in the city. A world class museum is also on its way to completion. The old museum of the city will be replaced by one of the biggest mall in east India.
[[Patna Metro]] rail corporations is also going to start soon by 2021. It would be the second metro railway in Eastern India after Kolkata and the third in North India after Delhi and Lucknow.

IT parks are also developing in and around the city.

Patna recorded a per capita of Rs 63,063. The per capita level for 2007 was higher than [[Bangalore]] or [[Hyderabad]], which are both leading centres for global software development.

The Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain pilgrim centres of Vaishali, Rajgir, Nalanda, Gaya, Bodhgaya, and Pawapuri are nearby and Patna is also a sacred city for Sikhs as the last Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, was born here.

===Odisha===
[[File:Royal Lagoon Bhubaneswar underconstruction.JPG|thumb|Skyscrapers in Bhubaneswar city]]
[[File:Puri beach scene.png|thumb|Puri sea beach]]
[[Bhubaneswar]] is the capital of the [[Odisha]]. Other Important Cities are [[Cuttack]], [[Brahmapur, Odisha|Brahmapur]], [[Rourkela]], [[Paradeep]], [[Jajpur]], [[Bhadrak]], [[Balasore]], [[Sambalpur]] and [[Puri]]. The Capital city has a long history of over 2000 years starting with Chedi dynasty (around the 2nd century BCE) who had [[Sisupalgarh]] near present-day Bhubaneswar as their capital. Historically, Bhubaneswar has been known by different names such as Toshali, Kalinga Nagari, Nagar Kalinga, [[Ekamra Kanan]], Ekamra Kshetra and Mandira Malini Nagari (city of temples) or the temple city of India. The largest city of Odisha, Bhubaneswar today is a center of economic and religious importance in the region.
With the [[economic liberalisation]] policy adopted by the [[Government of India]] in the '90s, Bhubaneswar received large investments in the fields of [[telecommunications]], [[Information Technology|IT]] and higher education, particularly in science and engineering. The city is home to around 60 engineering colleges (as of 2009)<ref>{{cite web |author=Chitta Baral |url=http://www.Orissalinks.com/archives/2961 |title=» Engineering College Clusters in Orissa in 2009 |work=Orissalinks.com |access-date=26 July 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100824101757/http://www.orissalinks.com/archives/2961 |archive-date=24 August 2010 }}</ref> and the number is growing every year. The city is also home to many tutorials and coaching institutes who prepare students for various entrance exams.
[[File:ROURKELA STEEL PLANT.JPG|left|upright|thumb|Rourkela Steel Plant]]
[[File:Bhubaneswar skyline.jpg|thumb|Bhubaneswar skyline]]
[[Retail]] and [[Real Estate]] have also emerged as big players. Recent times have seen large scale retail chains such as Reliance, Vishal MegaMart, Big Bazaar, Pantaloon, Pal Heights, Indulge, New Leaf, Habib's, had opened outlets in Bhubaneswar. Large corporations like [[DLF Universal]] and Reliance Industries have entered the real estate market in the city. DLF Limited is developing an Infopark spread over an area of {{convert|54|acre|m2}} in the city. Expanding its business portfolio, the [[Kolkata]]-based Saraf Group, promoters of Forum Mart shopping malls is constructing another Shopping mall named Forum Lifestyle mall a {{convert|550000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} lifestyle mall in Bhubaneswar with 1,200 car parks. The rich minerals resources of Odisha have been the backbone of the economy dominated by Government. Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) and private organisations like Jindal, Vedanta and TATAS. Despite this rapid growth, an ample number of the populace live in slums. Migration from rural areas, especially from the northern districts of [[Andhra Pradesh]], has led to the growth of slums which are a major challenge to the city's growth.
[[File:Rourkela at night seen from Vaishno Devi Temple.jpg|thumb|Rourkela at night]]
The Government has fostered growth in this sphere by the development of IT Parks such as Infocity 1 and the new Infocity 2. The Info City was conceived as a five star park, under the Export Promotion Industrial Parks (EPIP) Scheme to create high quality infrastructure facilities for setting up Information Technology related industries. [[Infosys]] and [[Satyam Computer Services Ltd.]] have been present in Bhubaneswar since 1996–97. Its current head count stands at around 5000. The first part of the [[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS]] centre is ready and has a capacity to accommodate nearly 1,200 professionals but the software major has only 250 employees at present. The Finland telecommunication company, Nethawk, has its India R&D center at Bhubaneswar. The Canadian giant, Gennum Corporation has its India development centre at Bhubaneswar. The auditors Price water house Coopers Pvt. Ltd. also has a center in Bhubaneswar. The private STP is located at Infocity in Chandaka, Bhubaneswar with a view to provide incubation and infrastructure facilities to new and young entrepreneurs in the MSME sector, The intelligent building of the JSS STP is spread in a sprawling {{convert|3|acre|m2|adj=on}} campus and houses state-of-art technology to fulfil the growing demands of highly competent IT professionals.

The Eastern India, particularly Odisha and Jharkhand, have rich mineral resources which resulted in [[economic boom]] in these two states. Several mineral based industries have been established in many cities of Odisha and Jharkhand namely [[Kalinganagar]], [[Angul]], [[Paradeep]], [[Talcher]], [[Rourkela]], [[Damanjodi]], [[Joda]], [[Barbil]], [[Choudwar]], [[Jharsuguda]] [[Jamshedpur]], [[Bokaro Steel City|Bokaro]], [[Dhanbad]] and [[Ranchi]].

==Languages==
[[Bengali language|Bengali]] is the dominant language of West Bengal.<ref name="dominantlanguages">{{Cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-3.pdf|title=Statement 3 : Distribution of 10,000 persons by Language – India, States and Union Territories – 2011|website=census.gov.in|access-date=27 August 2019}}</ref> [[Hindi]], [[Bhojpuri]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Magahi]] and [[Urdu]] are the dominant languages of Bihar.<ref name="dominantlanguages"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Languages of Bihar |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1000.XLSX |website=census.gov.in |access-date=1 September 2019}}</ref> [[Hindi]], [[Santali language|Santali]], [[Khortha language|Khortha]] and [[Sadri language|Nagpuri]] are the dominant language of Jharkhand; however, some tribals speak their own tribal languages. Jharkhand has accorded second language status to [[Angika]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Bhojpuri]], [[Ho language|Ho]], [[Kharia language|Kharia]], [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]], [[Khortha language|Khortha]], [[Kurmali]], [[Magahi]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Mundari language|Mundari]], [[Sadani|Nagpuri]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Santali language|Santali]] and [[Urdu]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Jharkhand gives second language status to Magahi, Angika, Bhojpuri and Maithili |url=https://www.avenuemail.in/ranchi/jharkhand-gives-second-language-status-to-magahi-angika-bhojpuri-and-maithili/118291/ |work=The Avenue Mail }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bedlam & bill rush in Assembly |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/bedlam-bill-rush-in-assembly-246442 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723034431/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/bedlam-bill-rush-in-assembly-246442 |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 July 2018 |work=The Telegraph |language=en}}</ref><ref name="NCLM52nd">{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 43–44 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 16 February 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 15 November 2016}}</ref>
[[Odia language|Odia]] is the dominant language of [[Odisha]]. Odia is the only major classical language in east India and sixth Indian language to be considered as a classical language in the basis of being old and not borrowed from other languages.<ref name=Hindu>{{cite news|title=Odia gets classical language status|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/odia-gets-classical-language-status/article5709028.ece|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221051248/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/odia-gets-classical-language-status/article5709028.ece|archive-date=21 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=Rediff>{{cite news|title=Odia set to become classical language|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/odia-set-to-become-classical-language/20140220.htm|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=Rediff.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226200334/http://www.rediff.com/news/report/odia-set-to-become-classical-language/20140220.htm|archive-date=26 February 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=Yahoo>{{cite news|title=Cabinet nod for Odia as classical language|url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/cabinet-nod-odia-classical-language-095412705.html|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=Yahoo News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305132617/http://in.news.yahoo.com/cabinet-nod-odia-classical-language-095412705.html|archive-date=5 March 2014}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|title=Decks cleared for Odia to get classical status|url=http://odishasuntimes.com/32926/classical-tag-odia-long-last/|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=The Odisha Sun Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220091732/http://odishasuntimes.com/32926/classical-tag-odia-long-last/|archive-date=20 February 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=orissareview>{{cite journal|last=Swetapadma|first=Mohapatra|title=Recognition of Classical Status for Odia Language|journal=Odisha Review|publisher=Government of Odisha|issn=0970-8669|pages=92–93|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2013/aug-sept/engpdf/93-94.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225003124/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2013/aug-sept/engpdf/93-94.pdf|archive-date=25 February 2014}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|label1=[[Hindi]] |value1=40.19 |color1= Orange
|label2=[[Bengali language|Bengali]]|value2=30.78 |color2= Red
|label3=[[Odia language|Odia]] |value3=13.08 |color3=LightBlue
|label4=[[Maithili language|Maithili]] |value4=4.89 |color4=DarkBlue
|label5=[[Urdu]] |value5=4.83 |color5=Green
|label6=[[Santali language|Santali]] |value6=2.59
|color6= Brown
|label7= Others |value7=3.64
|color7= grey
|caption=Languages of East India (2011)<ref name="langcensus2011">{{Cite web|title=Table C-16 - Population by Mother Tongue|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref>
}}

According to Indian National Mission for Manuscripts, after Sanskrit, Odia has the second-highest number of manuscripts. As per records there are around 2.13 lakhs ancient manuscript in Odia. In the list Bengali is in 9th position with 15412 ancient manuscripts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Manuscript-mission-Tibetan-beats-all-but-three-Indian-languages/articleshow/53284630.cms|title=Manuscript mission: Tibetan beats all but three Indian languages|website=[[The Times of India]]|author=Chethan Kumari|access-date=19 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030180644/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Manuscript-mission-Tibetan-beats-all-but-three-Indian-languages/articleshow/53284630.cms|archive-date=30 October 2017}}</ref>

The [[Indo-Aryan languages]] spoken in this region descend from the [[Magadhi Prakrit]], which was spoken in the ancient kingdom of Magadha. Odia emerged as a distinct language from Odra [[Magadhi Prakrit]] and [[Maithili language|Maithili]] emerged around the 9th century CE.

Many of the minority Tribal languages of East India belong to the [[Munda languages|Munda]] branch of the [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic language family]] and [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian language family]]. Major representatives of Autro-Asiatic language include the [[Mundari language|Mundari]], [[Santali language|Santali]], and [[Ho language|Ho]]. Dravidian languages include [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]], [[Kui language (India)|Kui]] and [[Pengo language|Pengo]].

==Climate==
[[File:Teestavalley.jpg|thumb|[[National highways of India|National Highway]] [[List of National Highways in India|31A]] winds along the banks of the [[Teesta River]] near [[Kalimpong]], in the [[Darjeeling]] Himalayan hill region in [[West Bengal]].]]
[[File:Puri-rath-yatra-24609313.jpg|thumb|Puri rath yatra, Odisha]]
[[File:JanakpurChhathParvaFestival.jpg|thumb|Chhath Puja]]
The region lies in the humid-subtropical zone, and experiences hot summers from March to June, the monsoon from July to October and mild winters from November to February. The interior states have a drier climate and slightly more extreme climate, especially during the winters and summers, but the whole region receives heavy, sustained rainfall during the monsoon months. Snowfall occurs in the extreme northern regions of West Bengal and [[Daringbadi]] in Odisha.

{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = Rabindranath Tagore in 1909.jpg
| width1 = 150
| alt1 =
| caption1 = [[Rabindranath Tagore]] is Asia's first [[Nobel laureate]] and composer of [[Jana Gana Mana|India's national anthem]]
| image2 = Swami Vivekananda-1893-09-signed.jpg
| width2 = 150
| alt2 =
| caption2 = [[Swami Vivekananda]] was a key figure in introducing [[Vedanta]] and [[Yoga]] in Europe and USA,<ref name="Feuerstein">{{cite book
| last = Georg
| first = Feuerstein
| author-link = Georg Feuerstein
| title = The Yoga Tradition
| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass
| year = 2002
| page = 600
| isbn = 3-935001-06-1}}</ref> raising interfaith awareness and making [[Hinduism]] a world religion.<ref name="clarke">{{cite book
| last = Clarke
| first = Peter Bernard
| title = New Religions in Global Perspective
| url = https://archive.org/details/newreligionsglob00clar
| url-access = limited
| publisher = Routledge
| year = 2006
| page = [https://archive.org/details/newreligionsglob00clar/page/n224 209]
| isbn = 0-7007-1185-6
}}</ref>
| footer =
}}

==Religion and cuisine==
{{unreferenced section}}
About 80% of the population of East India is [[Hindu]] with significant [[Muslim]] and small [[Christians|Christian]], [[Buddhist]] and tribal minorities. The Muslims constitute a very large minority in West Bengal with 27% of the population and 17% in Bihar. Hindus form 94% of total population of Odisha. Christians are the largest minority in Odisha with 3% of the state population

[[Durga]], [[Krishna]], [[Jagannath]] and [[Shiva]] are particularly popular [[Hindu]] deities in this region.
[[Durga]] and [[Kali]] are patron deities of Bengal and Mithila whereas [[Jagannath]] or [[Vishnu]] is patron [[god]] among [[Odia people]]. [[Rama]] and [[Hanuman]] are most revered in Bihar. [[Shiva]] is popular in all areas of eastern states.

Among tribals of the region [[Hinduism]] is the dominant religion. Some tribals also follow their indigenous religions (Sarana).
There are several places of pilgrimage for [[Hinduism]]. [[Puri]] in Odisha is one of the four holy City/Dham of Hindu religion and particularly known for [[Rath Yatra]] festival. [[Bhubaneswar]] is considered to be the "City of Temples". [[Konark]] houses an old [[sun temple]].

[[Bihar Sharif]] is an important pilgrimage centre for [[Mazar (mausoleum)|some Muslims]] nearby and from other places.

In Bihar Village Harinagar Bajrang Bali temple is famous for Hindu people.{{citation needed}}

[[Dakshineswar Kali Temple]] is a historical [[Kali]] temple in [[West Bengal]]. [[Kalighat Kali Temple]] in [[Kolkata]] is the most important of all [[Shakti Peethas]] in India. [[Belur Math]] in [[Kolkata]] is the headquarters of the Ramkrishna Mission founded by [[Swami Vivekananda]].

In Bihar, [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] is known for temple for salvation of ancestors. Other places are Sultanganj in [[Bhagalpur]] and [[Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga]] in [[Deoghar]], Jharkhand. [[Bodh Gaya]] is the city sacred to [[Buddhism]]. There are also other cities sacred to [[Jainism|Jains]] in [[Bihar]] and Jharkhand.

===Cuisine===

'''West Bengal'''

[[Bengali cuisine]] is a culinary style originating in [[Bengal]] which is now divided between the Indian state of [[West Bengal]] and today's [[Bangladesh]]. Other regions, such as [[Tripura]], and the [[Barak Valley]] region of [[Assam]] (in India) including some parts of [[Jharkhand]] and [[Bihar]] also have large native [[Bengali people|Bengali]] populations and share this cuisine. With an emphasis on fish, vegetables and lentils served with rice as a staple diet, Bengali cuisine is known for its subtle (yet sometimes fiery) flavours, and its huge spread of confectioneries and desserts. It also has the only traditionally developed multi-course tradition from the [[Indian subcontinent]] that is analogous in structure to the modern ''[[service à la russe]]'' style of [[French cuisine]], with food served course-wise rather than all at once.

Bengali food has inherited a large number of influences, both foreign and pan-Indian, arising from a historical and strong trade links with many parts of the world. Bengal fell under the sway of various Turkic rulers from the early thirteenth century onwards, and was then governed by the British for two centuries (1757–1947).

'''Odisha'''

[[Odia cuisine]] refers to the cooking of the eastern [[India]]n state of [[Odisha]]. Foods from this area are rich and varied, while relying heavily on local ingredients. The flavours are usually subtle and delicately spiced, quite unlike the fiery curries typically associated with Indian cuisine. Fish and other seafood such as crab and shrimp are popular.{{citation needed}} Chicken and mutton are also consumed, but somewhat occasionally. Only 6% of the population of Odisha is [[vegetarian]], and this is reflected in its cuisine. The oil base used is mostly [[mustard oil]], but in festivals [[ghee]] is used. ''[[Panch phutana]]'', a mix of cumin, mustard, fennel, fenugreek and kalonji (nigella) is widely used for tempering vegetables and dals, while ''[[garam masala]]'' (curry powder) and ''haladi'' (turmeric) are commonly used for non-vegetarian curries. [[Pakhala]], a dish made of rice, water, and yogurt, that is fermented overnight, is very popular in summer, particularly in the rural areas. Oriyas are very fond of sweets and no Oriya repast is considered complete without some dessert at the end. Festivals and fasts witness a cuisine without onion and garlic, whereas other days witness an aroma of garlic and onion paste in curries. One can find restaurants serving food without onion and garlic in major places like [[Puri]] and other coastal area, which is run by Brahmin owners.

Odisha has a culinary tradition spanning centuries if not millennia. The kitchen of the [[Jagannath Temple (Puri)|Jagannath temple]] in Puri is reputed to be the largest in the world, with a thousand cooks, working around 752 wood-burning clay hearths called ''chulas'', to feed over 10,000 people every day.

<gallery>
Macher Jhol.JPG|A traditional Bengali fish meal – Rice with Macher Jhol (Literally translated to "Fish's gravy")
Green Jackfruit & Potato Curry - Kolkata 2011-02-11 1000.JPG|Green jackfruit and potato curry, [[Kolkata]]
File:Bengali orange rasgulla.jpg| ''[[Kamalabhog]]'' Roshogolla from West Bengal
File:Bikalkar rasagola.gif| [[Bikalananda Kar|Bikali Kar]] Rasagola from Odisha
Chenapoda.jpg|[[Chhena Poda]] from Odisha
Rasmalai Secretlondon 09.jpg|[[Rasmalai]], a sweet dish popular in Odisha and West Bengal
Chenagaja.jpg|[[Chhena Gaja]] from Odisha
Baleswari khaja pheni Oriya cuisine.jpg|[[Khaja]], a sweet dish popular in Bihar, Odisha and West Bengal
Chandrakanti.jpg|[[Chandrakanti]] sweet from Odisha
</gallery>

'''Bihar'''

[[Bihari cuisine]] is eaten mainly in [[Bihar]], as well as regions where Bihari people have settled namely, [[Jharkhand]], eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Nepal]], [[Mauritius]], [[South Africa]], [[Fiji]], some cities of [[Pakistan]], [[Guyana]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Suriname]], [[Jamaica]] and the Caribbean. Bihari cuisine includes [[Bhojpuri cuisine]], [[Maithil cuisine]] and Magahi cuisine.

==Dance==
[[File:Odissi Performance DS.jpg|thumb|upright|Performing Odissi, a classical dance from Odisha]]
[[File:Evening on Tagore - Kolkata 2011-05-09 3264.JPG|thumb|[[Mohiniyattam]], a classical dance originating from [[Kerala]], is being performed to commemorate of 150th birth anniversary of Tagore. It was an Indo-Bangladesh joint celebration in 2012 in [[Kolkata]].]]
[[File:Dance with Rabindra Sangeet - Kolkata 2011-11-05 6669.JPG|thumb|Dance accompanied by Rabindra Sangeet]]
[[File:Sambalpuri Dance.JPG|thumb|Sambalpuri Dance]]

[[Odissi dance|Odissi]] (Odissi) is a classical dance in Eastern India. It originates from the state of [[Odisha]], in Eastern India. It is the oldest surviving dance form of India on the basis of archaeological evidences.<ref>{{cite web |author=TheInfoIndia.com |url=http://www.dancesofindia.co.in/classic-dances-india/odissi.html |title=Odissi Classical Dance of India — Classical Odissi Dance India, Classical Odissi Dance Vacations India, Classical Odissi Dances Tour in India |work=Dancesofindia.co.in |access-date=15 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518040051/http://www.dancesofindia.co.in/classic-dances-india/odissi.html |archive-date=18 May 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://odissi.itgo.com/ |title=Odissi Kala Kendra |work=Odissi.itgo.com |access-date=15 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512041730/http://odissi.itgo.com/ |archive-date=12 May 2011 }}</ref> Odissi has a long, unbroken tradition of 2,000 years and finds mention in the ''[[Natya Shastra|Natyashastra]]'' of [[Bharata Muni|Bharatamuni]], possibly written circa 200 BCE.

[[Mahari Dance]] is one of the important dance forms of Odisha and originated in the temples of Odisha. History of Odisha provides evidence of the 'Devadasi' cult in Odisha. Devadasis were dancing girls who were dedicated to the temples of Odisha. The Devadasis in Odisha were known as 'Maharis' and the dance performed by them came to be known as Mahari Dance.
[[Gotipua]] dance is another form of dance in Odisha. In Oriya colloquial language Gotipua means single boy. The dance performance done by a single boy is known as Gotipua dance.

There are many folk dances in east India, with the best-known being [[Jhijhiya]], [[Jhumair]], [[Domkach]], [[Ghumura Dance]], Sambalpuri and [[Chhau dance]].

'''[[Jhijhiya]]''' is a cultural dance from the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=puVMrtgd7kAC&pg=PA39 |title=Tourism Perspective in Bihar |page=39|publisher=APH |author=Nishi Sinha|isbn=9788170249757 |year=1999 }}</ref>
Jhijhiya is mostly performed at time of [[Vijayadashami|Dusshera]], in dedication to Durga [[Bhairavi]], the goddess of victory.<ref name="Kumari1999">{{cite book|author=Punam Kumari|title=Social and cultural life of the Nepalese|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=em4wAQAAIAAJ|access-date=16 August 2013|year=1999|publisher=Mohit Publications|isbn=978-81-7445-092-0}}</ref> While performing jhijhiya, women put lanterns made of clay on their head and they balance it while they dance.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=puVMrtgd7kAC&q=Jhijhiya+dance&pg=PA40 |title=Tourism Perspective in Bihar |page=40 |publisher=APH |author=Nishi Sinha|isbn=9788170249757 |year=1999 }}</ref>

'''[[Jhumair]]''' is a folk dance in [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]] region of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and West Bengal. It is performed during harvest season and festivals accompanied by musical instrument such as [[Madal]], [[Dhol]], [[Bansuri]], [[Naqareh|Nagara]], [[Dhak (instrument)|Dhak]] and [[Shehnai]].

'''[[Domkach]]''' is folk dance in the state of Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Odisha. It performed during marriage in the house of Bride and groom.

'''[[Chhau dance|Chhau]]''' is a form of tribal martial dance popular in the Indian states of West Bengal, Jharkhand and Odisha. There are three regional variations of the dance. Seraikella Chau was developed in [[Seraikella]], the administrative head of the [[Seraikela Kharsawan]] district of [[Jharkhand]]; Purulia Chau in [[Purulia district]] of West Bengal; and Mayurbhanj Chau in [[Mayurbhanj district]] of Odisha.

''' [[Ghumura Dance]]'''
Archaeological evidence shows<ref name="ReferenceA">The Heroic Dance Ghumura, Edited by Sanjay Kumar, Mahabir Sanskrutika, 2002</ref> cave paintings from the pre-historic period discovered by Gudahandi of [[Kalahandi]] and Yogi Matha of [[Nuapada district]] that represent the Ghumura and Damru, among other instruments. These paintings date to as early as 8000 BCE and from such painting the antiquity of musical instrument Ghumura and Damru can be imagined. The origin of Ghumura goes back to ancient times. There is a waterfall in the river valley of Indravati which was initially recognised by Chindak Naagas of Chakrakot.<ref>Epigraphica Indica, IX, p. 179</ref> Many believe that Ghumura dance originated from this river valley and gradually spread into the areas between Indravati and Mahanadi, indicating this dance form belongs to the 10th century CE.

Bengali dance forms draw from folk traditions, especially those of the tribal groups, as well as from the broader Indian dance tradition. Dance forms of Bihar are another expression of rich traditions and ethnic identity. There are several folk dance forms that can keep one enthralled, such as dhobi nach, jhumarnach, manjhi, gondnach, jitiyanach, more morni, dom-domin, bhuiababa, rah baba, kathghorwa nach, jat jatin, launda nach, bamar nach, jharni, jhijhia, natua nach, bidapad nach, sohrai nach and gond nach.

==Music==
{{Main|Rabindra Sangeet}}
[[File:Rabindranath Tagore Ra-Tha seal initials.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Black-and-white close-up photograph of a piece of wood boldly painted in unmixed solid strokes of black and white in a stylised semblance to "ro" and "tho" from the Bengali syllabary.]]
{{Culture of Bengal}}
Rabindra Sangeet, also known as Tagore Songs, are songs written and composed by [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. They have distinctive characteristics in the [[music of Bengal]], popular in India and [[Bangladesh]].<ref>[[#Gh|Ghosh, p. xiii]]</ref> "Sangeet" means music, "Rabindra Sangeet" means Songs of Rabindra.

Rabindra Sangeet used [[Indian classical music]] and traditional [[folk music]] as sources.{{Citation needed}}<ref name=Britannica-wb>{{cite encyclopedia |last= Huke |first= Robert E. |encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Britannica |title= West Bengal |year= 2009 |publisher= Encyclopædia Britannica Online |url= https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/640088/West-Bengal |access-date= 6 October 2009 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091025055255/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/640088/West-Bengal |archive-date= 25 October 2009 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> Tagore wrote some 2,230 songs.{{Citation needed}}

[[Rabindranath Tagore]] was a towering figure in Indian music. Writing in [[Bengali language|Bengali]], he created a library of over 2,000 songs now known by Bengalis as ''rabindra sangeet'' whose form is primarily influenced by Hindustani classical, sub-classicals, Karnatic, western, bauls, bhatiyali and different folk songs of India. Many singers in [[West Bengal]] and [[Bangladesh]] base their entire careers on the singing of Tagore musical masterpieces. The national anthem of India and national anthem of Bangladesh are Rabindra Sangeets.

West Bengal's capital [[Kolkata]] is also the [[Culture of Kolkata|cultural capital of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_kolkata-remains-cultural-capital-of-india-amitabh-bachchan_1763111 |title=Kolkata remains cultural capital of India: Amitabh Bachchan — Entertainment — DNA |work=Dnaindia.com |access-date=15 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113013214/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_kolkata-remains-cultural-capital-of-india-amitabh-bachchan_1763111 |archive-date=13 November 2012 }}</ref>

''Panchali'' is a form of narrative folk songs of the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. The word ''Panchali'' probably originates from ''panchal'' or ''panchalika'', meaning ''puppet''. According to another school of that, ''Panchali'' originates from the word ''panch'', which means five in [[Bengali language]], referring to the five elements of this genre: song, music, extempore versifying, poetic contests, and dance.

===Music of Odisha===
[[Odissi music]] is a classical music in India originated from the eastern state of Odisha. Indian Classical music has five significant branches: Avanti, Panchali, Udramagadhi, Hindustani and carnatic. Of these, Udramagadhi exists in the form of Odissi music.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chandrakantha.com/misra/odissi.html |title=Odissi — A Distinct Style of Indian Classical Music |work=Chandrakantha.com |access-date=15 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110805050647/http://chandrakantha.com/misra/odissi.html |archive-date=5 August 2011 }}</ref> Generally, Odissi is one of the classical dances of India performed with Odissi music. Odissi music got shaped during the time of famous Oriya poet, [[Jayadeva]], who composed lyrics meant to be sung. By the 11th century CE [[folk music]] of Odisha existing in the form of Triswari, Chatuhswari, and Panchaswari was modified into the classical style. However, Odissi songs were written even before the Odia language developed. Odissi music has a rich legacy dating back to the 2nd century BCE, when king [[Kharvela]], the ruler of Odisha ([[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]]) patronised this music and dance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/august-2007/engpdf/Page108-111.pdf |title=Odissi - The Classic Music |access-date=7 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410055911/http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/august-2007/engpdf/Page108-111.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2009 }}</ref>

Like Hindustani and Carnatic systems, Odissi music is a separate system of Indian classical music and is having all the essential as well as potential ingredients of Indian Classical form. But it has not come to limelight due to apathy from the time of British rule in Odisha, want of its proper study, revival, propagation, etc. Despite the fact, the traditional music form could be saved and maintained in its pristine form. Thanks to the musicians particularly of Jaga Akhadas of Puri district, who could develop and maintain the music. The music movement of Odisha, however, took a different turn after independence.

Like other aspects of her culture, music of the sacred land (Odisha) is charming, colourful, variegated encompassing various types. The existing musical tradition of Odisha, the cumulative experience of the last two thousand five hundred years if not more, can broadly be grouped under five categories such as: (1) Tribal Music, (2) Folk Music, (3) Light Music, (4) Light-Classical Music, (5) Classical Music, which need a short elucidations for better understanding the subject in all India context.

The tribal music as the title signifies is confined to the tribals living mainly in the hilly and jungle regions and sparsely in the coastal belt of Odisha. Odisha has the third largest concentration of tribes constituting about one fourth of the total population. They are distributed over 62 tribal communities.

Odisha is the treasure house of Folk Songs which are sung on different festivals and specific occasions in their own enjoyment. Folk music in general is the expression of the ethos and mores of the folk communities. Of the bewildering variety of folk music of Odisha, mention may be made of Geeta, Balipuja Geeta, Kela Keluni Geeta, Dalkhai Geeta, Kendra Geeta, Jaiphula Geeta, Ghumura Geeta, Ghoda Nacha and Danda Nacha Geeta, Gopal Ugala and Osa-Parva-Geeta etc.

Bhajan, Janan, Oriya songs based on ragas, Rangila Chaupadi etc. are grouped under Light classical music, which forms an important segment of Oriya music. Sri Geetagovinda, Anirjukta Pravadha, Divya Manusi Prabandha, Chautisa, Chhanda, Chaupadi (now known as Odissi), Champu, Malasri, Sariman, nVyanjani, Chaturang, Tribhang, Kuduka Geeta, Laxana and Swaramalika are the various sub-forms, which individually or collectively constitute the traditional [[Odissi music]]. These sub-forms of the traditional Odissi music, can be categorised under the classical music of Odisha.

==Sports==
The [[East Zone cricket team]] is a [[first class cricket|first-class]] [[cricket]] team that represents Eastern India in the [[Duleep Trophy]] and [[Deodhar Trophy]]. It is a composite team of five first-class Indian teams from Eastern India competing in the [[Ranji Trophy]], containing notably the [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]], [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]] and [[Odisha cricket team|Odisha]] from East India amongst the bunch.

===In West Bengal===
[[File:Eden Garden Stadium Kolkata MB01.jpg|thumb|[[Eden Gardens]], the second largest cricket stadium in [[India]]]]
The most popular sports in Kolkata are [[association football|football]] and [[cricket]]. The city is a centre of football activity in India and is home to top national clubs such as [[Mohun Bagan A.C.]], [[Chitrasen pradhan East Bengal F.C.]], [[Prayag United S.C.]] and the [[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting Club]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mohun Bagan vs East Bengal: India's all-consuming rivalry |url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/stories/classicderby/news/newsid=1414458.html |publisher=[[FIFA]] |access-date=7 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122032920/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/stories/classicderby/news/newsid%3D1414458.html |archive-date=22 November 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bhabani |first=Soudhriti |title=Argentine football superstar Messi charms Kolkata |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/messi-charms-kolkata/1/149702.html |access-date=7 December 2011 |newspaper=India Today |location=Noida, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606030106/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/messi-charms-kolkata/1/149702.html |archive-date=6 June 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Calcutta Football League]], which was started in 1898, is the oldest football league in Asia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Football in Bengal |url=http://the-ifa.org/archives.php |publisher=Indian Football Association |access-date=7 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203053022/http://the-ifa.org/archives.php |archive-date=3 December 2011}}</ref> Mohun Bagan A.C., one of the oldest football clubs in Asia, is the only organisation to be dubbed a "National Club of India".<ref>{{cite book|title=Soccer in South Asia: empire, nation, diaspora |year=2001 |publisher= Frank Cass Publishers|location=London |isbn=978-0-7146-8170-2 |page=17 |last1=Dineo |first1= Paul |last2=Mills |first2= James}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=India strive for improvement |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/news/newsid=111779.html |publisher=[[FIFA]] |access-date=7 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111173233/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/news/newsid=111779.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 }}</ref> As in the rest of India, cricket is popular in Kolkata and is played on grounds and in streets throughout the city.<ref>{{cite news|title=What happened to para cricket?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/calcutta-times/What-happened-to-para-cricket/articleshow/1734729571.cms|agency=TNN|newspaper=Times of India|access-date=7 December 2011|location=New Delhi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510172726/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/calcutta-times/What-happened-to-para-cricket/articleshow/1734729571.cms|archive-date=10 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Para cricket tourney gets off to a cracking start |url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-22/kolkata/28361952_1_royal-fortune-group-semi-finals-saradindu-mukherjee |access-date= 7 December 2011 |agency= TNN |location= New Delhi |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://archive.today/20120707171127/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-22/kolkata/28361952_1_royal-fortune-group-semi-finals-saradindu-mukherjee |archive-date= 7 July 2012 |newspaper= [[The Times of India]] |df= dmy-all }}</ref> Kolkata has an [[Indian Premier League]] franchise known as the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]; the [[Cricket Association of Bengal]], which regulates cricket in West Bengal, is also based in the city. Tournaments, especially those involving cricket, football, [[badminton]], and [[carrom]], are regularly organised on an inter-locality or inter-club basis.<ref name=parawbgov>{{cite web |url=http://www.westbengaltourism.gov.in/web/guest/kolkata-para |title=Kolkata culture: Para |publisher=Department of Tourism, Government of West Bengal |access-date=9 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111221052334/http://www.westbengaltourism.gov.in/web/guest/kolkata-para |archive-date=21 December 2011 }}</ref> The [[Maidan (Kolkata)|Maidan]], a vast field that serves as the city's largest park, hosts several minor football and cricket clubs and coaching institutes.<ref>{{cite news|title=FIFA president visits big three of Kolkata maidan |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/007200704160340.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=7 December 2011 |location=Chennai |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729123104/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/007200704160340.htm |archive-date=29 July 2013 }}</ref>
[[Eden Gardens]], which has a capacity of 90,000 as of 2011,<ref name=edenstats>{{cite web
|url = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/57980.html
|title = Eden Gardens
|access-date = 25 February 2012
|publisher = ESPN CricInfo
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170708034244/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/57980.html
|archive-date = 8 July 2017
}}</ref> hosted the final match of the [[1987 Cricket World Cup]]. It is home to the [[Bengal cricket team]] and the Kolkata Knight Riders. The multi-use [[Salt Lake Stadium]], also known as Yuva Bharati Krirangan, is the world's second-largest football facility by [[seating capacity]] as of 2010.<ref name=stadiarank2>{{cite book |title=Stadium worlds: football, space and the built environment |editor1-first=Sybille |editor1-last=Frank |editor2-first=Silke |editor2-last=Steets |year=2010 |publisher= Routledge |location=Abingdon, UK|isbn= 978-0-415-54904-2|page=4}}</ref> The [[Calcutta Cricket and Football Club]] is the second-oldest cricket club in the world.<ref>{{cite book|last=Desai | first=Ashwin |title= Blacks in whites: a century of cricket struggles in KwaZulu-Natal |year=2000 |publisher= University of Natal Press|location=Pietermaritzburg, South Africa |isbn= 978-1-86914-025-0 |page= 38}}</ref><ref name=ccfcdate>{{Cite news |last= Mukherji |first= Raju |title= Seven years? Head start |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050314/asp/opinion/story_4428341.asp |work= The Telegraph |access-date= 26 October 2006 |location= Kolkata |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070930014559/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050314/asp/opinion/story_4428341.asp |archive-date= 30 September 2007 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> Kolkata has three 18-hole golf courses. The oldest is at the [[Royal Calcutta Golf Club]], and was the first golf club to be built outside the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bohn |first= Michael K. |title= Money golf: 600 Years of bettin' on birdies |year=2008 |publisher= Potomac Books |location=Dulles, Virginia, US|isbn= 978-1-59797-032-7 |page= 34}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Uschan |first= Michael V. |title= Golf |publisher= Lucent Books |location= San Diego, US |isbn= 978-1-56006-744-3 |page= [https://archive.org/details/golf0000usch/page/16 16] |year= 2000 |url= https://archive.org/details/golf0000usch/page/16 }}</ref> The other two are located at the [[Tollygunge Club]] and at [[Fort William (India)|Fort William]]. The [[Royal Calcutta Turf Club]] hosts horse racing and polo matches.<ref>{{cite news |last= Himatsingka |first= Anuradha |title= Royal Calcutta Turf Club in revival mode |url= http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/people-places/royal-calcutta-turf-club-in-revival-mode/articleshow/7244861.cms |access-date= 7 December 2011 |newspaper= Economic Times |location= New Delhi |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120125014621/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/people-places/royal-calcutta-turf-club-in-revival-mode/articleshow/7244861.cms |archive-date= 25 January 2012 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> The [[Calcutta Polo Club]] is considered the oldest extant polo club in the world.<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh |first= Jaisal |title= Polo in India |year=2007 |publisher= New Holland Publishers |location=London|isbn= 978-1-84537-913-1 |page= 12}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Jackson |first= Joanna |title= A Year in the life of Windsor and Eton |year= 2011 |publisher= Frances Lincoln |location=London|isbn= 978-0-7112-2936-5 |page= 80}}</ref><ref name=Kolpolo>{{cite web|url=http://www.hpa-polo.co.uk/about/history_polo.asp |title=History of polo |access-date=30 August 2007 |publisher=Hurlingham Polo Association |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818130245/http://www.hpa-polo.co.uk/about/history_polo.asp |archive-date=18 August 2007 }}</ref> The [[Calcutta South Club]] is a venue for national and international tennis tournaments; it held the first grass-court national championship in 1946.<ref>{{cite web|title=About AITA |url=http://www.aitatennis.com/New%20AITA/about.html |publisher=All India Tennis Association |access-date=7 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122071350/http://www.aitatennis.com/New%20AITA/about.html |archive-date=22 November 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Das Sharma |first=Amitabha |title=Young turks rule the roost |location=Chennai |volume=34 |issue=14 |url=http://www.hindu.com/tss/tss3414/stories/20110407505703200.htm|journal=The Hindu|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718025802/http://www.hindu.com/tss/tss3414/stories/20110407505703200.htm |archive-date=18 July 2011 }}</ref> In the period 2005–2007, [[Sunfeast Open]], a tier-III tournament on the [[Women's Tennis Association]] circuit, was held in the [[Netaji Indoor Stadium]]; it has since been discontinued.<ref>{{cite news |last= Das Gupta |first= Amitava |title= Sunfeast Open seeks date shift |url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-15/top-stories/27780876_1_sunfeast-open-globosport-kolkata-event |access-date= 25 January 2012 |location= New Delhi |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://archive.today/20120709164613/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-15/top-stories/27780876_1_sunfeast-open-globosport-kolkata-event |archive-date= 9 July 2012 |newspaper= [[The Times of India]] |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= AITA's no to private players |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080902/jsp/sports/story_9776243.jsp |access-date= 25 January 2012 |newspaper= The Telegraph |location= Kolkata |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103211949/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080902/jsp/sports/story_9776243.jsp |archive-date= 3 November 2013 |df= dmy-all }}</ref>
[[File:East Bengal Club supporters at the Salt Lake Stadium in Kolkata, West Bengal.jpg|thumb|[[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]]]
The [[Calcutta Rowing Club]] hosts [[Sport rowing|rowing]] heats and training events. Kolkata, considered the leading centre of [[rugby union in India]], gives its name to the oldest international tournament in rugby union, the [[Calcutta Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rugby thrives in India |url=http://www.rugbyworldcup.com/qualifying/news/newsid=2028326,printer.htmx |website=International Rugby Board |access-date=7 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://www.rugbyworldcup.com/qualifying/news/newsid%3D2028326%2Cprinter.htmx |archive-date=5 June 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= About CCFC |url= http://www.ccfc1792.com/aboutus.php |publisher= Calcutta Cricket & Football Club |access-date= 7 December 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120205032240/http://www.ccfc1792.com/aboutus.php |archive-date= 5 February 2012 |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Nag |first= Shivani |title= Kolkata watches as rugby legacy vanishes year after year |url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/kolkata-watches-as-rugby-legacy-vanishes-year-after-year/522643/0 |newspaper= Indian Express|location=New Delhi|access-date=7 December 2011}}</ref> The Automobile Association of Eastern India, established in 1904,<ref>{{cite web |title= About AAEI |url= http://www.uraaei.org/about.htm |publisher= Automobile Association of Eastern India |access-date= 7 December 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111219034834/http://www.uraaei.org/about.htm |archive-date= 19 December 2011 |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=The automobile movement in India |journal=The Horseless Age |volume=14 |issue=9 |page= 202|publisher= Horseless Age Co|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0x7mAAAAMAAJ|access-date=7 February 2012 }}</ref> and the Bengal Motor Sports Club are involved in promoting motor sports and car rallies in Kolkata and West Bengal.<ref name=bmscaaei>{{cite news |title= India, Bhutan in car rally |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070206/asp/siliguri/story_7354800.asp |newspaper= The Telegraph |location= Kolkata |access-date= 7 December 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155246/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070206/asp/siliguri/story_7354800.asp |archive-date= 18 January 2012 |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= About Bengal Motor Sports Club |url= http://bmsc.in/The-Club.php |publisher= Bengal Motor Sports Club |access-date= 7 December 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120426031837/http://bmsc.in/The-Club.php |archive-date= 26 April 2012 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> The [[Beighton Cup]], an event organised by the Bengal Hockey Association and first played in 1895, is India's oldest [[field hockey]] tournament; it is usually held on the [[Mohun Bagan Ground]] of the Maidan.<ref name=beightontelegraph>{{cite news|last=O'Brien|first=Barry|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041204/asp/calcutta/story_4080762.asp|title=All hail hockey on history high|access-date=25 February 2012|newspaper=The Telegraph|location=Kolkata|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325011424/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041204/asp/calcutta/story_4080762.asp|archive-date=25 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/04/11/stories/2007041103051900.htm|title = Indian Airlines lift Beighton Cup|access-date = 2 April 2012|department = Sport|location = Chennai, India|date = 11 April 2007|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121023073227/http://www.hindu.com/2007/04/11/stories/2007041103051900.htm|archive-date = 23 October 2012|work = [[The Hindu]]|df = dmy-all}}</ref> Athletes from Kolkata include [[Sourav Ganguly]] and [[Pankaj Roy]], who are former [[List of India national cricket captains|captains]] of the [[India national cricket team|Indian national cricket team]]; [[India at the Olympics|Olympic]] tennis bronze medallist [[Leander Paes]], golfer [[Arjun Atwal]], and former footballers [[Sailen Manna]], [[Chuni Goswami]], [[Pradip Kumar Banerjee|P. K. Banerjee]] and [[Subrata Bhattacharya (footballer)|Subrata Bhattacharya]].

The Cricket Association of Bengal (CAB) is the governing body for [[cricket]] in [[West Bengal]]. Its headquarters is in the [[Eden Gardens]] stadium. It organises different types of cricket tournaments in West Bengal. [[Cricket Association of Bengal]] is affiliated to the Board of control for cricket in India is the parent body or governing the game of Cricket in Bengal, and involved in conducting the game of cricket in Bengal. The Cricket Association of Bengal promotes and develops Cricket by conducting various League Tournaments, tournaments for the age group Under-13, Under-16, and Under-19 and Under-21 categories. CAB also conducts National and International Tournaments.

===In Odisha===
[[File:Barabati Stadium Entrance.jpg|thumb|left|Entrance to the [[Barabati Stadium]] in [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]]]]
[[File:Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium.jpg|thumb|[[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]], [[Sundergarh]], Odisha]]

The most popular sports in Odisha are [[cricket]] and [[field hockey|hockey]].

====Cricket====
The [[Odisha Cricket Association]] (OCA) is the governing body of the [[cricket]] activities in the [[Odisha]] state of India and the [[Odisha cricket team]]. It is affiliated to the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]]. The [[Barabati Stadium]] in [[Cuttack]] hosts international cricket matches. The Odisha Cricket Association promotes and develops cricket by conducting various League Tournaments, Tournaments for the age group Under-13, Under-15, Under-17, and Under-19, Under-22 and Under-25 categories besides organising and conducting National Tournaments. The OCA started a local Twenty-20 tournament, [[Odisha Premier League]] (OPL) in the lines of [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) in 2011. OCA manages the Barabati Stadium and has got infrastructures and facilities like Odisha cricket academy, newly built Sachin Tendulkar indoor cricket hall and many grounds like DRIEMS cricket stadium, Ravenshaw university ground, SCB medical ground, Nimpur ground, Basundhara (Bidanasi) ground, Sunshine Ground etc.<ref>[http://orissacricket.org Official Site of Odisha Ceicket Association] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417100611/http://www.orissacricket.org/ }}</ref>

====Hockey====
The popularity of [[field hockey]] in [[Odisha]] is also very high. Many [[India men's national field hockey team|national players in hockey]] are from Odisha.{{citation needed}} [[Lazarus Barla]], [[Prabodh Tirkey]], [[Dilip Tirkey]], [[Ignace Tirkey]], [[Jyoti Sunita Kullu]], [[Subhadra Pradhan]], [[Birendra Lakra]] and [[Anupa Barla]] are the few names who brought the fame to Indian hockey in International level. [[Premier Hockey League]] (PHL) was the league competition for field hockey clubs in the top divisions of the Indian hockey system. There were seven teams in the PHL and in East India the only team was the [[Orissa Steelers]] who won Premier Hockey League 2007. Odisha has a franchise in [[Hockey India League]] (HIL)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/kalinga-lancers-beat-dabang-mumbai-to-clinch-maiden-hockey-india-league-title/story-hWuXMUNqQmzxorPFfNYX7J.html |title=Kalinga Lancers beat Dabang Mumbai to clinch maiden Hockey India League title |access-date=13 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508064833/http://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/kalinga-lancers-beat-dabang-mumbai-to-clinch-maiden-hockey-india-league-title/story-hWuXMUNqQmzxorPFfNYX7J.html |archive-date=8 May 2017 }}</ref> named [[Kalinga Lancers]] owned by [[Odisha Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation]] and [[Mahanadi Coalfields|MCL]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thekalingalancers.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111161403/http://thekalingalancers.com/|url-status=dead|title=thekalingalancers.com|archive-date=11 January 2014|website=thekalingalancers.com|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref> Odisha got its first [[Indian Super League]] (ISL) club [[Odisha FC]], based in [[Bhubaneswar]], which was formed in 2019 after being shifted from [[New Delhi|Delhi]]. Its home ground is the 15,000 seater [[Kalinga Stadium]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Kalinga Stadium to host India's FIFA World Cup qualifier against Qatar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/kalinga-stadium-to-host-india-s-fifa-world-cup-qualifier-against-qatar/story-jJuk8Bq6lUCGG3O1BKjaUJ.html |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Bhubaneswar is referred to as the "Sports Capital of India".<ref>{{cite news |title=Welcome to Bhubaneswar, India's sports capital |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2018/nov/25/welcome-to-bhubaneswar-indias-sports-capital-1902965.html |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=The New Indian Express }}</ref> [[2023 Men's FIH Hockey World Cup]] and [[2018 Men's Hockey World Cup]] were held at [[Kalinga Stadium]] and [[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]] respectively.{{cn}}
{{Clear}}

==Ports==
[[File:Khidirpore dock - panoramio.jpg|thumb|A ship at [[Kolkata Port]]]]
[[File:Paradip Port.jpg|thumb|[[Paradip Port]]]]

[[Kolkata Port]], [[Paradip Port]], [[Dhamra Port]] and [[Haldia]] are 4 major ports in East India. [[Subarnarekha Port]], [[Kulpi Port]], [[Gopalpur port|Gopalpur Port]] are minor ports in East India.

== See also ==
* [[Eastern States Agency]], colonial office of the Bengal Presidency of British India, created by merging the Chhattisgarh States – and Orissa States agencies in 1933, to which the Bengal States Agency was added in 1936; included part of Burma
* [[North India]]
* [[Northeast India]]
* [[South India]]
* [[West India]]
* [[Central India]]
* [[Administrative divisions of India]]
{{clear right}}

==References and footnotes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
*{{wikivoyage-inline|Eastern India}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = East India
|North = [[Nepal]]
|Northeast = [[Northeast India]]
|East = [[Bangladesh]]
|Southeast = [[Bay of Bengal]]
|South = [[Bay of Bengal]]
|Southwest = [[South India]]
|West = [[Central India]]
|Northwest = [[North India]]
}}
{{Geography of India}}

[[Category:Regions of India]]