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1962 Madras State Legislative Assembly election

2026-05-07T10:36:34Z

Prakashmishra1991: put up a entry w/ refs

{{Short description|Election in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{For|Lok Sabha election|1962 Indian general election in Madras}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election
| previous_year = 1957
| next_election = 1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 1967
| election_date = 17–24 February 1962
| seats_for_election = All 206 seats in the [[Legislature of Tamil Nadu|Legislature of Madras State]]
| majority_seats = 104
| turnout = 70.65% ({{increase}} 24.09%)

| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=K Kamaraj 1976 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=02}}
| leader1 = [[K. Kamaraj]]
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| leaders_seat1 = [[Sattur Assembly constituency|Sattur]]
| seats1 = '''139'''
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 14<ref name="assembly.tn.gov.in">{{cite web |title=Madras Legislative Assembly, 1957-1962, a review |url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/Review_2-1957-62.pdf |website=assembly.tn.gov.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217022413/https://assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/2nd_1957/Review_2-1957-62.pdf |archive-date=17 February 2022 |date=March 1962 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| popular_vote1 = '''5,848,974'''
| percentage1 = '''46.14%'''
| swing1 = {{increase}} 0.80%

| party2 = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=CN_Annadurai.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=02}}
| leader2 = [[C. N. Annadurai]]
| leaders_seat2 = [[Kancheepuram Assembly constituency|Kancheepuram]] ''(lost)''
| seats2 = 50
| seat_change2 = ''New Party''<ref name="assembly.tn.gov.in" />
| popular_vote2 = 3,435,633
| percentage2 = 27.10%
| swing2 = ''New''

| title = [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = [[K. Kamaraj]]
| before_party = Indian National Congress
| after_election = [[K. Kamaraj]]
| after_party = Indian National Congress
}}

The '''third legislative assembly election''' to the [[Madras state]] (presently [[Tamil Nadu]]) was held on 21 February 1962. The [[Indian National Congress]] party, led by [[K. Kamaraj]], won the election. [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] made significant in-roads in the election and emerged as the second party for the first time by winning 50 seats. 1962 Election remains the most recent election in which [[Indian National Congress]] formed a majority Government in the State as its support has heavily declined due to rise of Dravidian political parties.

The election also marked the last time a non-Dravidian party emerged as the largest party in the legislature, a record not broke until [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|59 years later]] by [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]'s [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]].

While the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] emerged as the opposition, its leader [[C. N. Annadurai]], lost in his [[Kancheepuram Assembly constituency|Kanceehpuram]] constituency, thus becoming the first and only [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] leader to lose his seat until 2026, when the incumbent DMK [[M. K. Stalin|Chief Minister Stalin]] lost re-election in his bastion of [[Kolathur Assembly constituency|Kolathur]].

== Constituencies ==
Two member constituencies were abolished in 1961 by the ''Two-Member Constituencies(Abolition) Act, 1961''. 38 two member constituencies were abolished and an equal number of single member constituencies were established and reserved for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe candidates. The total number of constituencies remained at 206.<ref name="Gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/history/history.htm |title=The State Legislature - Origin and Evolution |access-date=27 November 2009 |publisher=Tamil Nadu Government |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413233934/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/history/history.htm |archive-date=13 April 2010 }}</ref>

== Background ==
[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] was emerging as a major challenger to [[Indian National Congress]] party in Tamil Nadu. However, its popularity was limited to the urban areas surrounding Madras and [[North Arcot|North]] and [[South Arcot]] districts. It had lacked a major support base in rural central and southern Tamil Nadu, a strong base of the Congress party. It won three city elections of the five largest cities, [[Madras]], [[Madurai]], [[Tiruchirappalli]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] and [[Coimbatore]] in [[Madras state]] in alliance with the [[Communist Party of India]] in 1959 capitalising on its powerful urban base.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

While trying to clarify DMK's position on "Northern domination", Annadurai said his party only meant that the existing Central Government was holding extraordinary powers over the States and his party only seeks to change this by "amendment of the Constitution through Constitutional methods". Infuriated by the softening of DMK's position, [[E. V. K. Sampath]] condemned what he called Annadurai's "dictatorship".<ref name="Robert Hardgrave">{{cite journal | title=The DMK and the Politics of Tamil Nationalism| author=Robert L. Hardgrave Jr. | journal=Pacific Affairs| year=1964–1965| volume=37|issue=4| pages=396–411| jstor=2755132| doi=10.2307/2755132}}</ref>

== Parties and issues ==
Indian National Congress contested the election alone. [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]] supported Congress headed by [[K. Kamaraj]]. He said
<blockquote>I am old and may not live much longer. After I am gone, Kamaraj will safeguard the interests of the Tamils. He is my heir. Ultimately, Kamaraj is the one who matters—not others, candidates, or even voters who are unfit to judge what is right and good for them! Trust me, vote Congress, and you will be well. If you don't, the cunning Rajaji, riding the DMK horse, will trample you all without mercy.</blockquote>

As the 1962 election approached, the two wings of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam further polarised over the issue of electoral alliance. E. V. K. Sampath favoured alliance with Communist Party of India and Annadurai favoured alliance with the newly formed C. Rajagopalachari's [[Swatantra Party]]. Rajaji, the Chief Minister of Madras State between 1952 and 1954 had been a declared enemy of DMK and now he sought alliance with DMK. He said that the <blockquote>Congress party is more communal than parties which are openly communal.</blockquote>
In 1961, Sampath left DMK to form his own party [[Tamil Nationalist Party]] with an objective and goal to establish an "autonomous Tamil State".<ref name="Lloyd I. Rudolph"/> Annadurai's idea to include Swatantra Party in the electoral alliance was not totally welcome in the DMK party and despite Rajaji's opposition DMK aligned with the Communist Party of India. It also formed coalition with [[Muthuramalinga Thevar]]'s [[Forward Bloc]] and [[M. Muhammad Ismail|Mohammad Ismail]]'s Muslim League.<ref name="Robert Hardgrave"/><ref name="Lloyd I. Rudolph">{{cite journal | title=Urban Life and Populist Radicalism: Dravidian Politics in Madras| author=Lloyd I. Rudolph| journal=The Journal of Asian Studies| date=May 1961| volume=20|issue=3| pages=283–297| jstor=2050816| doi=10.2307/2050816| s2cid=145124008}}</ref>

DMK leader [[C. N. Annadurai]] accused the then ruling Congress party of bribing voters during his [[Kancheepuram Assembly constituency]] campaign. He appealed to voters not to sell their votes for the newly introduced ₹5 currency note, alleging that police support was used to facilitate such practices. It was also reported that voters were asked to place the currency note over the image of Tirupati [[Venkateswara|Lord Perumal]] and pledge to vote for the Congress party.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 December 2017 |title=The six-decade-old problem of cash-for-vote|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2017/Dec/17/the-six-decade-old-problem-of-cash-for-vote-1729412.html |access-date=17 December 2017|work=newindianexpress|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=11 April 2017 |title=The six-decade-old problem of cash-for-vote|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2017/Apr/11/when-price-tag-of-a-vote-was-just-re-1-upma-and-coffee-in-tamil-nadu-1592329.html |access-date=11 April 2017|work=newindianexpress|language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Support from Tamil film industry ==
[[M. G. Ramachandran]] actively campaigned for Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. [[S. S. Rajendran]], one of the popular actors contested and won from [[Theni Assembly constituency|Theni Constituency]]. [[Shivaji Ganesan]] extended his support & actively campaigned to Congress Party. Congress party made a movie ''Vakkurimai'' by popular film actors which was played all across Tamil Nadu.<ref name="Robert Hardgrave"/><ref name="Lloyd I. Rudolph"/>

==Voting and results==
'''Source''': Election Commission of India<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |title=1962 Madras State Election Results, Election Commission of India |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>

===Results===
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=8|[[File:India Madras Legislative Assembly 1962.svg]]
|-
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Alliances
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|Party
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Popular Vote
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Vote %
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Seats contested
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Seats won
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Change
|-
|align=left rowspan=1 valign=top|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] '''Seats: ''' 139 '''Seat Change: '''-12 '''Popular Vote:''' 5,848,974 '''Popular Vote %:''' 46.14%
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|align=center| 5,848,974
|align=center| 46.14%
|align=center| 206
|align=center| 139
|align=center| {{decrease}}12
|-
|align=left rowspan=13 valign=top|Others '''Seats:''' 67 '''Seat Change: '''+25 '''Popular Vote:''' 6,827,372 '''Popular Vote %:''' 53.86%
|{{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|align=center| 3,435,633
|align=center| 27.10%
|align=center| 143
|align=center| 50
|align=center| {{increase}}37
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|align=center| 991,773
|align=center| 7.82%
|align=center| 94
|align=center| 6
|align=center| {{increase}}6
|-
|{{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc}}
|align=center| 173,261
|align=center| 1.37%
|align=center| 6
|align=center| 3
|align=center| {{increase}}3
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|align=center| 978,806
|align=center| 7.72%
|align=center| 68
|align=center| 2
|align=center| {{decrease}}2
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Socialist Party of India (1955)}}
|align=center| 48,753
|align=center| 0.38%
|align=center| 7
|align=center| 1
|align=center| –
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|align=center| 159,212
|align=center| 1.26%
|align=center| 21
|align=center| 0
|align=center| {{decrease}}2
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Naam Tamilar Katchi}}
|align=center| 117,640
|align=center| 0.93%
|align=center| 16
|align=center| 0
|align=center| –
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|align=center| 89,968
|align=center| 0.71%
|align=center| 6
|align=center| 0
|align=center| –
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Republican Party of India}}
|align=center| 57,457
|align=center| 0.45%
|align=center| 4
|align=center| 0
|align=center| –
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Tamil National Party}}
|align=center| 44,048
|align=center| 0.35%
|align=center| 9
|align=center| 0
|align=center| –
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Tamilnad Socialist Labour Party}}
|align=center| 43,186
|align=center| 0.34%
|align=center| 7
|align=center| 0
|align=center| –
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Jan Sangh}}
|align=center| 10,743
|align=center| 0.08%
|align=center| 4
|align=center| 0
|align=center| –
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|Independents}}
|align=center| 676,892
|align=center| 5.34%
|align=center| 207
|align=center| 5
|align=center| {{decrease}}17
|-
!align=center|Total
!align=center colspan="2"|13 Political Parties
|align=center|12,676,346
|align=center|100%
|align=center| —
|align=center|206
|align=center| —
|}

===Results by district===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:centre;"
|+Number of seats secured by the parties in each district of Madras State (1962)
!District
!Total Seats
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |INC
! style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}; color:white;" |DMK
! style="background:{{party color|Others}}; color:black;" |OTH
|-
|align=left|[[Chingleput District (Madras Presidency)|Chengalpattu]]
!19
|style="background:#87CEEB"|12
|5
|2
|-
|align=left|[[Chennai district|Madras]]
!11
|style="background:#87CEEB"|6
|5
|0
|-
|align=left|[[North Arcot]]
!15
|7
|style="background:#FF9DA2"|8
|0
|-
|align=left|[[South Arcot District (Madras Presidency)|South Arcot]]
!17
|style="background:#87CEEB"|9
|7
|1
|-
|align=left|[[Salem district|Salem]]
!23
|style="background:#87CEEB"|13
|8
|2
|-
|align=left|[[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]]
!22
|style="background:#87CEEB"|21
|0
|1
|-
|align=left|[[Nilgiris district|Nilgiris]]
!2
|style="background:#87CEEB"|2
|0
|0
|-
|align=left|[[Tiruchirapalli district|Tiruchirapalli]]
!20
|style="background:#87CEEB"|10
|9
|1
|-
|align=left|[[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]
!20
|style="background:#87CEEB"|15
|4
|1
|-
|align=left|[[Madurai district|Madurai]]
!20
|style="background:#87CEEB"|15
|3
|2
|-
|align=left|[[Ramanathapuram district|Ramanathapuram]]
!14
|style="background:#87CEEB"|8
|1
|5
|-
|align=left|[[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]]
!17
|style="background:#87CEEB"|17
|0
|0
|-
|align=left|[[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]
!6
|style="background:#87CEEB"|4
|0
|2
|-
!Total
!206
!139
!50
!17
|}

===By Region===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Major Party-wise Results
!Region
!Total Seats
![[Indian National Congress]]
![[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
! Others
|-
|Northern Madras
|62
|{{Composition bar|34|62|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Composition bar|25|62|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Composition bar|3|62|{{party color|Others}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|-
|Western Madras
|47
|{{Composition bar|36|47|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Composition bar|8|47|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Composition bar|3|47|{{party color|Others}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|-
|Southern Madras
|57
|{{Composition bar|44|57|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Composition bar|4|57|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Composition bar|9|57|{{party color|Others}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|-
|Central Madras
|40
|{{Composition bar|25|40|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Composition bar|13|40|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|{{Composition bar|2|40|{{party color|Others}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|}

=== By constituency ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Winner, runner-up, voter turnout, and victory margin in every constituency
! rowspan="2" |District
! colspan="2" |Assembly Constituency
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner Up
! rowspan="2" |Margin
|-
! #k
! Name
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! Votes
!%
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
!Votes
!%
|-
|rowspan=10 align=left|[[Chennai district|Madras]]
|1||[[Washermanpet Assembly constituency|Washermanpet]]||[[M. Mayandi Nadar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,732
|37.77||M. Vedachalam||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|24,095
|35.37
|1,637
|-
|2||[[Harbour Assembly constituency|Harbour]]||[[K. S. G. Haja Shareef]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,330
|49.87||[[C. P. Chinnaraj]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|23,098
|43.74
|3,232
|-
|3||[[Basin Bridge Assembly constituency|Basin Bridge]]||[[T. N. Anandanayaki]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||31,477
|50.63||[[N. V. Natarajan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|25,913
|41.68
|5,564
|-
|4||[[Perambur Assembly constituency|Perambur]]||[[D. Sulochana]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||40,451
|54.48||[[Satyavani Muthu]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|32,309
|43.51
|8,142
|-
|5||[[Purasawalkam Assembly constituency|Purasawalkam]]||[[Bashyam Reddy]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,474
|42.04||[[S. Pakkirisamy Pillai]]||{{Party name with color|Tamilnad Socialist Labour Party}}
|18,713
|28.64
|8,761
|-
|6||[[Thousand Lights Assembly constituency|Thousand lights]]||[[K. A. Mathialagan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||27,984
|45.59||Indrani Chengalvarayan||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|25,609
|41.72
|2,375
|-
|7||[[Egmore Assembly constituency|Egmore]]||[[Jothi Venkatachalam]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,283
|48.25||Anbazhagan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|27,666
|45.58
|1,617
|-
|8||[[Triplicane Assembly constituency|Triplicane]]||[[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||33,273
|51.29||Sivanesan||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22,903
|35.31
|10,370
|-
|9||[[Mylapore Assembly constituency|Mylapore]]||[[Arangannal]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||25,825
|40.24||A. Varadappa Chettiar||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|18,472
|28.78
|7,353
|-
|10||[[Thiyagarayanagar Assembly constituency|T. Nagar]]||[[Kanchi Manimozhiar]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||35,402
|41.02||Guntur Narasimha Rao||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26,834
|31.09
|8,568
|-
|rowspan=3 align=left|[[Chingleput District (Madras Presidency)|Chengalpattu]]
|11||[[Gummidipoondi Assembly constituency|Gummidipundi]]||[[A. Ragahava Reddy]]||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||19,575
|46.50||K. Kamalambujammal||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|18,946
|45.01
|629
|-
|12||[[Ponneri Assembly constituency|Ponneri]]||[[T. P. Elumalai]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,125
|48.41||P. Nagalingam||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|15,721
|29.13
|10,404
|-
|13||[[Madavaram Assembly constituency|Madhavaram]]||[[R. Govindarajulu Naidu]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,896
|47.00||A. P. Arasu||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|29,646
|46.6
|250
|-
|align=left|[[Chennai district|Madras]]
|14||[[Saidapet Assembly constituency|Saidapet]]||[[Munu Adhi]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,123
|58.08||Vinayakam||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|23,902
|37.4
|13,221
|-
|rowspan=15 align=left|[[Chingleput District (Madras Presidency)|Chengalpattu]]
|15||[[Kunnathur, Tamil Nadu Assembly constituency|Kunnathur]]||[[P. Appavoo]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,207
|41.61||A. Ratnam||{{Party name with color|Republican Party of India}}
|19,422
|40
|785
|-
|16||[[Chengalpattu Assembly constituency|Chengapattu]]||[[C. G. Viswanathan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||27,933
|50.32||G. Rajarathana Nayagar||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|25,809
|46.5
|2,124
|-
|17||[[Maduranthakam Assembly constituency|Maduranthakam]]||[[B. Parameswaran]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,743
|51.67||P. S. Ellappan||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|19,424
|33.75
|10,319
|-
|18||[[Acharapakkam Assembly constituency|Acharapakkam]]||[[Venkatasubba Reddy]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,170
|48.55||V. Venka||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|22,748
|40.65
|4,422
|-
|19||[[Uthangarai Assembly constituency|Uttangarai]]||[[M. Kamalanathan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||33,766
|53.71||T. Theerthagiri Gounder||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|24,276
|38.61
|9,490
|-
|20||[[Kancheepuram Assembly constituency|Kancheepuram]]||[[S. V. Natesa Mudaliar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||46,018
|54.80||[[C. N. Annadurai]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|36,828
|43.86
|9,190
|-
|21||[[Sriperumbudur Assembly constituency|Sriperumbudur]]||[[M. Bhaktavatsalam]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||33,825
|49.64||Annamalai||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|32,588
|47.82
|1,237
|-
|22||[[Thiruvallur Assembly constituency|Tiruvallur]]||[[V. S. Arunachalam]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,609
|50.19||S. M. Durairaj||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|17,175
|39.89
|4,434
|-
|23||[[Kadambathur Assembly constituency|Kadambathur]]||[[Ekambara Mudaliar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,314
|44.28||Govindaswamy Naidu||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|10,767
|27.54
|6,547
|-
|24||[[Tiruttani Assembly constituency|Tiruttani]]||[[C. Chiranjeevulu Naidu]]||{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}||36,884
|50.51||[[E. S. Thyagarajan Mudaliar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|34,176
|46.81
|2,708
|-
|25||[[Arakkonam Assembly constituency|Arakkonam]]||[[S. J. Ramaswamy Mudali]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||26,586
|38.98||B. Bhaktavatsalu Naidu||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|25,152
|36.87
|1,434
|-
|26||[[Sholingur Assembly constituency|Sholinghur]]||[[A. M. Ponnuranga Mudaliar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||33,291
|56.02||V. Munuswamy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|20,762
|34.94
|12,529
|-
|27||[[Cheyyar Assembly constituency|Cheyyar]]||[[K. Govindan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||23,250
|41.99||V. Dharmalinga Naicker||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22,892
|41.35
|358
|-
|28||[[Vandavasi Assembly constituency|Vandavasi]]||[[S. Muthulingam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||34,922
|64.57||D. Dasarathan||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19,160
|35.43
|15,762
|-
|29||[[Peranamallur Assembly constituency|Peranamallur]]||[[P. Ramachandra]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,817
|49.50||V. D. Annamalai Mudaliar||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|16,252
|32.41
|8,565
|-
|rowspan=15 align=left|[[North Arcot]]
|30||[[Arcot Assembly constituency|Arcot]]||[[Munirathinam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||28,485
|48.26||S. Khader Sheriff||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19,705
|33.38
|8,780
|-
|31||[[Ranipet Assembly constituency|Ranipet]]||[[Abdul Khaleel]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||24,082
|39.32||A. E. Chandrasekara Naicker||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|23,218
|37.91
|864
|-
|32||[[Katpadi Assembly constituency|Katpadi]]||[[B. Rajagopal Naidu]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,389
|44.19||Natarajan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|20,710
|34.68
|5,679
|-
|33||[[Gudiyatham Assembly constituency|Gudiyatham]]||[[T. Manavalan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,795
|44.97||C. Kuppuswamy||{{Party name with color|Republican Party of India}}
|15,258
|26.6
|10,537
|-
|34||[[Vellore Assembly constituency|Vellore]]||[[R. Jeevarathna Mudaliar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,739
|40.61||[[M. P. Sarathy]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|26,549
|40.32
|190
|-
|35||[[Virinchipuram Assembly constituency|Virinchipuram]]||[[Sampangi Naidu]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||23,459
|50.40||Krishnamurthi||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|11,229
|24.13
|12,230
|-
|36||[[Ambur Assembly constituency|Ambur]]||[[P. Rajagopal (Ambur MLA)|P. Rajagopal]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,505
|53.73||S. R. Muniswamy||{{Party name with color|Republican Party of India}}
|15,979
|33.66
|9,526
|-
|37||[[Vaniyambadi Assembly constituency|Vaniyambadi]]||[[M. P. Vadivel]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||27,275
|54.86||T. Karia Gounder||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|20,068
|40.37
|7,207
|-
|38||[[Tiruppattur, Vellore Assembly constituency|Tiruppattur (41)]]||[[K. Thirupathy Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||32,400
|62.38||R. C. Samanna Gounder||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19,540
|37.62
|12,860
|-
|39||[[Chengam Assembly constituency|Chengam]]||[[C. K. Chinnaraji Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||34,374
|55.22||Y. Shanmugam||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|25,008
|40.17
|9,366
|-
|40||[[Polur Assembly constituency|Polur]]||[[Kesava Reddiar]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||29,283
|62.16||Periasami||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|17,828
|37.84
|11,455
|-
|41||[[Arani Assembly constituency|Arni]]||[[C. Kothandarama Bhagavathar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||30,773
|51.60||A. C. Narasimhan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|23,055
|38.66
|7,718
|-
|42||[[Thurinjapuram Assembly constituency|Thurinjapurma]]||[[S. Murugaiyan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||21,163
|43.18||Nataraja Mudaliar||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|13,865
|28.29
|7,298
|-
|43||[[Tanippadi Assembly constituency|Tanippadi]]||A. Arumugam||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||33,129
|56.26||P. S. Santhanam||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|25,753
|43.74
|7,376
|-
|44||[[Tiruvannamalai Assembly constituency|Tiruvannamalai]]||[[P. Palani Pillai]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||35,148
|50.06||[[P. U. Shanmugham]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|33,399
|47.57
|1,749
|-
|align=left|[[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]]
|45||[[Sathyamangalam Assembly constituency|Sathyamangalam]]||[[Gopal Kounder]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,914
|59.63||Anthonisamy||{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|10,115
|25.22
|13,799
|-
|rowspan=3 align=left|[[South Arcot District (Madras Presidency)|South Arcot]]
|46||[[Gingee Assembly constituency|Gingee]]||[[Rajaram (Gingee MLA)|Rajaram]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,235
|51.53||Aranganathan||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|27,494
|48.47
|1,741
|-
|47||[[Tindivanam Assembly constituency|Tindivanam]]||[[A. Thangavelu]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||27,687
|45.33||P. Veerappa Gounder||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27,422
|44.9
|265
|-
|48||[[Vanur Assembly constituency|Vanur]]||[[A. G. Balakrishnan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||22,463
|51.70||S. Kannana||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|20,987
|48.3
|1,476
|-
|align=left|[[Salem district|Salem]]
|49||[[Vazhapadi Assembly constituency|Vazhapadi]]||[[Ramasamy Udayar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||38,580
|54.88||[[Karipatti T. Ponnumalai]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|31,718
|45.12
|6,862
|-
|rowspan=14 align=left|[[South Arcot District (Madras Presidency)|South Arcot]]
|50||[[Villupuram Assembly constituency|Villupuram]]||[[M. Shanmugam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||39,923
|59.36||V. P. Sarangapani Gounder||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26,115
|38.83
|13,808
|-
|51||[[Ulundurpet Assembly constituency|Ulundurpet]]||[[Manonmani (Ulundurpet MLA)|Manonmani]]||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||25,234
|48.16||[[M. Kandaswamy Padayachi]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22,627
|43.18
|2,607
|-
|52||[[Nellikkuppam Assembly constituency|Nellikkuppam]]||[[V. Krishnamurthy Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,419
|56.14||L. Subbarayalu Reddiar||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27,989
|41.99
|9,430
|-
|53||[[Kurinjipadi Assembly constituency|Kurinjipadi]]||[[N. Rajangam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||32,046
|56.48||Jayarama||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|21,898
|38.59
|10,148
|-
|54||[[Cuddalore Assembly constituency|Cuddalore]]||[[P. R. Seenivasa Padayachi]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,567
|40.72||R. Sambasiva Reddiar||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|21,147
|31.24
|6,420
|-
|55||[[Bhuvanagiri Assembly constituency|Bhuvanagiri]]||[[Ramachandra Rayar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,434
|43.55||Vaithialingam||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|27,964
|41.38
|1,470
|-
|56||[[Chidambaram Assembly constituency|Chidambaram]]||[[S. Sivasubramanian]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||33,438
|53.34||K. Arumugham||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|23,837
|38.02
|9,601
|-
|57||[[Kattumannarkoil Assembly constituency|Kattumannarkoil]]||[[M. R. Krishnamurthi]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||27,706
|47.14||G. Vageesam Pillai||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27,599
|46.95
|107
|-
|58||[[Virudhachalam Assembly constituency|Vridachalam]]||[[G. Boovaraghan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,990
|44.42||M. Selvaraj||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|25,138
|41.37
|1,852
|-
|59||[[Nallur Assembly constituency|Nallur]]||[[K. Narayanasami]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||28,322
|55.03||T. Pichamuthu||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|20,209
|39.27
|8,113
|-
|60||[[Tirukkoyilur Assembly constituency|Tirukoilur]]||[[Lakshminarasimma Ammal]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,954
|51.26||Balasubramaniam||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|14,687
|26.93
|13,267
|-
|61||[[Rishivandiyam Assembly constituency|Rishivandiyam]]||[[L. Anandan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,057
|58.82||M. Anadan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|17,544
|41.18
|7,513
|-
|62||[[Kallakurichi Assembly constituency|Kallakurichi]]||[[T. Chinnasamy]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||25,084
|48.76||P. Vedamanickam||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|18,837
|36.61
|6,247
|-
|63||[[Sankarapuram Assembly constituency|Sankarapuram]]||[[K. Parthasarathi]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,123
|52.71||S. P. Pachaiya Pillai||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|23,441
|47.29
|2,682
|-
|align=left|[[Salem district|Salem]]
|64||[[Harur Assembly constituency|Harur]]||[[C. Manickam (Harur MLA)|C. Manickam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||26,879
|41.33||M. K. Mariappa||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22,411
|34.46
|4,468
|-
|align=left|[[Chingleput District (Madras Presidency)|Chengalpattu]]
|65||[[Uthiramerur Assembly constituency|Uthiramerur]]||[[O. Srinivasa Reddiar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||37,259
|58.38||Doraisamy Naicker||{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|23,313
|36.53
|13,946
|-
|align=left|[[Salem district|Salem]]
|66||[[Krishnagiri Assembly constituency|Krishnagiri]]||[[Sreeramulu (Krishnagiri MLA)|Sreeramulu]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||38,833
|58.47||P. M. Munisamy Gounder||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27,583
|41.53
|11,250
|-
|align=left|[[Nilgiris district|Nilgiris]]
|67||[[Udagamandalam Assembly constituency|Udagamandalam]]||[[T. Karchan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,732
|30.13||K. Bojan||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|10,107
|23.92
|2,625
|-
|rowspan=19 align=left|[[Salem district|Salem]]
|68||[[Hosur Assembly constituency|Hosur]]||[[Ramachandra Reddy]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,577
|64.46||K. Shamanna||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|14,101
|35.54
|11,476
|-
|69||[[Pennagaram Assembly constituency|Pennagaram]]||[[M. V. Karivengadam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||26,911
|53.86||S. Hemalatha Devi||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|17,303
|34.63
|9,608
|-
|70||[[Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu Assembly constituency|Dharmapuri]]||[[R. S. Veerappa Chettiar]]||{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}||24,191
|40.81||M. Subramania Gounder||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|18,754
|31.64
|5,437
|-
|71||[[Yercaud Assembly constituency|Yercaud]]||[[M. Kolandaisamy Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,921
|52.47||Chinna Gounder||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|18,048
|47.53
|1,873
|-
|72||[[Valavanur Assembly constituency|Valavanur]]||[[K. M. Krishna Kounder]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||31,154
|55.51||A. Govindasamy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|23,259
|41.44
|7,895
|-
|73||[[Salem - I Assembly constituency|Salem - I]]||[[G. Venkataraman]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||43,726
|50.67||E. R. Krishnan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|39,838
|46.16
|3,888
|-
|74||[[Salem - II Assembly constituency|Salem - II]]||[[A. Rathnavel Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||28,811
|47.56||S. M. Ramiah||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|19,976
|32.98
|8,835
|-
|75||[[Veerapandi Assembly constituency|Veerapandi]]||[[Veerapandy S. Arumugam|S. Arumugam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||30,840
|54.78||A. Mariappan||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22,171
|39.39
|8,669
|-
|76||[[Attur Assembly constituency|Attur]]||[[S. Angamuthu Naicker]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,542
|39.28||K. N. Sivaperumal||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|19,811
|33.05
|3,731
|-
|77||[[Talavasal Assembly constituency|Talavasal]]||[[A. Doraiswamy]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,286
|46.84||K. R. Thangavel||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|17,386
|36.54
|4,900
|-
|78||[[Rasipuram Assembly constituency|Rasipuram]]||[[N. P. Sengottuvel]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||26,846
|49.21||Muthuswamy Gounder||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26,776
|49.08
|70
|-
|79||[[Senthamangalam Assembly constituency|Sendamangalam]]||[[V. R. Periannan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||27,728
|53.39||P. B. K. Thiagaraja Reddiar||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|24,205
|46.61
|3,523
|-
|80||[[Namakkal Assembly constituency|Namakkal]]||[[S. Chinnayan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,756
|48.48||K. V. Rasappan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|24,937
|45.18
|1,819
|-
|81||[[Kapilamalai Assembly constituency|Kapilamali]]||[[V. Velappa Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||36,960
|63.82||P. K. Ramalinga Gounder||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|20,954
|36.18
|16,006
|-
|82||[[Mallasamudram Assembly constituency|Mallasamudram]]||[[R. Nallamuthu]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||18,718
|56.30||R. Kandasamy||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|12,545
|37.73
|6,173
|-
|83||[[Tiruchengode Assembly constituency|Tiruchengode]]||[[T. M. Kaliannan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,640
|48.64||T. A. Rajavelu||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|21,050
|41.55
|3,590
|-
|84||[[Sankari Assembly constituency|Sankari]]||[[K. S. Subramania Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,531
|48.38||B. Pandarinathan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|17,587
|32.07
|8,944
|-
|85||[[Taramangalam Assembly constituency|Taramangalam]]||[[N. S. Sundararajan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||30,020
|52.65||P. R. Nallathambi Gounder||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|26,997
|47.35
|3,023
|-
|86||[[Mettur Assembly constituency|Mettur]]||[[K. S. Ardhanareeswara Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||18,065
|34.04||M. Sundaram||{{Party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|17,620
|33.21
|445
|-
|rowspan=21 align=left|[[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]]
|87||[[Bhavani Assembly constituency|Bhavani]]||[[N. K. Ranganayaki]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||32,739
|49.10||[[A. M. Raja (politician)|A. M. Raja]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|22,919
|34.37
|9,820
|-
|88||[[Anthiyur Assembly constituency|Andhiyur]]||[[Perumalraju]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,533
|56.01||Kalimuthu||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|11,984
|29.79
|10,549
|-
|89||[[Gobichettipalayam Assembly constituency|Gobichettipalayam]]||[[Muthuvelappa Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||31,977
|49.14||Sundaramurthi||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|17,249
|26.51
|14,728
|-
|90||[[Nambiyur Assembly constituency|Nambiyur]]||[[A. K. Kaliappa Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,795
|55.66||P. A. Saminathan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|16,275
|32.59
|11,520
|-
|91||[[Perundurai Assembly constituency|Perundurai]]||[[N. Nallasenapathi Sarkarai Manrdadiar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||36,225
|58.41||N. K. Palaniswami||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|24,986
|40.29
|11,239
|-
|92||[[Erode Assembly constituency|Erode]]||[[A. S. Dhakshinamoorthy Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||32,895
|39.61||M. Chinnasami Gounder||{{Party name with color|We Tamils}}
|25,392
|30.57
|7,503
|-
|93||[[Chennimalai Assembly constituency|Chennimalai]]||[[K. R. Nallasivam]]||{{Party name with color|Socialist Party of India (1955)}}||35,379
|50.82||K. S. periasami Gounder||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26,978
|38.75
|8,401
|-
|94||[[Kangayam Assembly constituency|Kangayam]]||[[K. S. Nataraja Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||41,006
|61.56||M. Palanisamy Gounder||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|24,711
|37.1
|16,295
|-
|95||[[Dharapuram Assembly constituency|Dharapuram]]||[[Parvathi Anjuman]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||37,842
|57.45||A. R. Subramanian||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|18,059
|27.42
|19,783
|-
|96||[[Udumalaipettai Assembly constituency|Udumalpet]]||[[R. rajagopalasami Naicker]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,529
|41.72||S. J. Sadiq Pasha||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|25,514
|36.05
|4,015
|-
|97||[[Anamalai Assembly constituency|Anamalai]]||[[K. Ponniah]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,474
|42.30||Ramasamy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|15,767
|29.67
|6,707
|-
|98||[[Pollachi Assembly constituency|Pollachi]]||[[N. Mahalingam]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||38,929
|56.18||Rangaswamy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|28,780
|41.53
|10,149
|-
|99||[[Kovilpalayam Assembly constituency|Kovilpalayam]]||[[M. P. Muthukaruppasami Kounder]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,464
|51.22||K. Gopal||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|13,636
|25.43
|13,828
|-
|100||[[Palladam Assembly constituency|Palladam]]||[[Sengaliappan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||33,437
|51.66||P. S. Chinnadurai||{{Party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|14,736
|22.77
|18,701
|-
|101||[[Tiruppur Assembly constituency|Tiruppur]]||[[K. N. Palanisamy Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||41,748
|51.89||Ponnulinga Gounder||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|26,175
|32.53
|15,573
|-
|102||[[Avanashi Assembly constituency|Avanashi]]||[[Marappa Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,009
|53.02||M. Ponnusami||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|12,196
|23.94
|14,813
|-
|103||[[Sulur Assembly constituency|Sulur]]||[[C. Kolantaiammal]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,732
|38.76||K. N. Chinnaiyan||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|21,375
|32.19
|4,357
|-
|104||[[Thondamuthur Assembly constituency|Tondamuttur]]||[[V. Ellama Naidu]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||32,520
|52.67||L. Arputhaswamy||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|12,735
|20.63
|19,785
|-
|105||[[Coimbatore West Assembly constituency|Coimbatore - I]]||[[G. E. Chinnadurai]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||38,645
|42.10||Rajamanickam||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|21,023
|22.9
|17,622
|-
|106||[[Coimbatore East Assembly constituency|Coimbatore - II]]||[[K. P. Palanisamy]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||32,313
|37.38||N. Marudachalam||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|23,948
|27.7
|8,365
|-
|107||[[Mettupalayam Assembly constituency|Mettupalayam]]||[[N. Shamnugasundaram]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,398
|46.90||K. Vellingiri||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|19,145
|35.36
|6,253
|-
|align=left|[[Nilgiris district|Nilgiris]]
|108||[[Coonoor Assembly constituency|Coonoor]]||[[J. Matha Gowder]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||36,668
|51.65||J. Belli||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|15,103
|21.27
|21,565
|-
|align=left|[[Salem district|Salem]]
|109||[[Uddanapalle Assembly constituency|Uddanapalli]]||[[Chinna Munisamy Chettiar]]||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||32,860
|49.57||K. Muni Reddy||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26,278
|39.64
|6,582
|-
|rowspan=20 align=left|[[Madurai district|Madurai]]
|110||[[Palani Assembly constituency|Palani]]||[[Venkidusamy Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}||29,908
|46.32||[[P. S. K. Lakshmipathy Raju|Lakshmipathy Raju]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22,174
|46.32
|7,734
|-
|111||[[Kodaikanal Assembly constituency|Kodaikanal]]||M. Alagarsamy||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||31,062
|49.71||Somasundaram||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|27,671
|44.29
|3,391
|-
|112||[[Bodinayakkanur Assembly constituency|Bodinayakanoor]]||[[A. S. Subbaraj]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||35,398
|54.61||R. Subbiah||{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|16,759
|25.85
|18,639
|-
|113||[[Uthamapalayam Assembly constituency|Uthamapalayam]]||[[M. Rajangam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||28,907
|42.99||K. S. Rajagopal||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27,368
|40.7
|1,539
|-
|114||[[Theni Assembly constituency|Theni]]||[[S. S. Rajendran]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,404
|59.91||N. R. Thyagarajan||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|24,610
|39.42
|12,794
|-
|115||[[Andipatti Assembly constituency|Andipatti]]||[[A. Krishnaveni]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,853
|45.68||T. Mokkayan||{{Party name with color|Forward Bloc}}
|16,478
|37.91
|3,375
|-
|116||[[Tirumangalam Assembly constituency|Tirumangalam]]||[[Thiruvengada Reddiar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||34,188
|53.58||M. C. M. Muthurama Thevar||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|25,919
|40.62
|8,269
|-
|117||[[Usilampatti Assembly constituency|Usilampatti]]||[[P. K. Mookiah Thevar]]||{{Party name with color|Forward Bloc}}||47,069
|67.18||Thinagarasamy Thevar||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22,992
|32.82
|24,077
|-
|118||[[Madurai East Assembly constituency|Madurai East]]||[[P. K. R. Lakshmi Kanthan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||36,679
|48.11||[[N. Sankariah]]||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|27,228
|35.72
|9,451
|-
|119||[[Madurai Central Assembly constituency|Madurai Central]]||[[V. Sankaran]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||32,801
|54.60||S. Devasahayam||{{Party name with color|Forward Bloc}}
|15,445
|25.71
|17,356
|-
|120||[[Thiruparankundram Assembly constituency|Thirupparangundram]]||[[Chinnakaruppa Thevar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||35,491
|42.82||Janakiammal||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|25,179
|30.38
|10,312
|-
|121||[[Samayanallur Assembly constituency|Samayanallur]]||[[P. Kakkan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||33,091
|52.23||G. R. Muniyandi||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|16,596
|26.19
|16,495
|-
|122||[[Melur Assembly constituency|Melur]]||[[M. Sivaramanambalam]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||28,986
|43.19||V. V. N. Natarajan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|20,985
|31.27
|8,001
|-
|123||[[Sholavandan Assembly constituency|Sholavandan]]||[[V. Ponnammal]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,911
|46.37||A. Muniandi||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|18,445
|33.01
|7,466
|-
|124||[[Nilakottai Assembly constituency|Nilakkottai]]||Abdul Aziz||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,187
|31.75||Anbuchezhiyan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|19,246
|30.27
|941
|-
|125||[[Athoor Assembly constituency|Athoor]]||[[V. S. S. Mani]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||34,632
|50.30||M. A. B. Arumugasamy||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|29,136
|42.32
|5,496
|-
|126||[[Oddanchatram Assembly constituency|Oddanchatram]]||[[A. Senapathi Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||30,380
|54.25||Nachimuthu Gounder||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|24,327
|43.44
|6,053
|-
|127||[[Dindigul Assembly constituency|Dindigul]]||[[R. Rengaswamy]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||32,047
|48.23||A. Balasubramanian||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|29,174
|43.91
|2,873
|-
|128||[[Vadamadurai Assembly constituency|Vadamadurai]]||[[M. Maruthanayagam Pillai]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,975
|57.97||A. Nallathambi||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|18,788
|38.93
|9,187
|-
|129||[[Vedasandur Assembly constituency|Vedasandur]]||[[S. Nanjunda Roy]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||30,394
|48.58||[[V. Madanagopal]]||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|25,171
|40.24
|5,223
|-
|rowspan=20 align=left|[[Tiruchirapalli district|Tiruchirapalli]]
|130||[[Aravakurichi Assembly constituency|Aravakurichi]]||[[S. Sadasivam]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||28,372
|45.26||C. Muthusami Gounder||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|21,082
|33.63
|7,290
|-
|131||[[Karur Assembly constituency|Karur]]||[[T. M. Nallasamy]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||35,969
|51.02||K. S. Ramasamy||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|20,160
|28.59
|15,809
|-
|132||[[Kulithalai Assembly constituency|Kulittalai]]||[[V. Ramanathan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||47,243
|64.04||N. Rathanam||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|26,525
|35.96
|20,718
|-
|133||[[Panjapatti Assembly constituency|Panjapatti]]||[[K. Karunagiri Muthiah]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,520
|56.27||A. S. Ganapathy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|15,416
|33.99
|10,104
|-
|134||[[Manapaarai Assembly constituency|Manapparai]]||[[P. Chinniah Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,048
|42.54||S. Annavi||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|19,412
|34.34
|4,636
|-
|135||[[Tirumayam Assembly constituency|Tirumayam]]||[[V. Ramaiah]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||28,219
|43.58||V. Balakrishnan||{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|17,916
|27.67
|10,303
|-
|136||[[Alangudi Assembly constituency|Alangudi]]||[[P. Murugaiyan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||31,438
|60.99||V. R. Mangappan||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|18,472
|35.84
|12,966
|-
|137||[[Pudukkottai Assembly constituency|Pudukkottai]]||[[A. Thiagarajan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,563
|64.97||V. Arunachala Thevar||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|20,252
|35.03
|17,311
|-
|138||[[Andanallur Assembly constituency|Andanallur]]||[[A. Chinnathurai Ambalakaran]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||32,580
|58.29||K. P. Annavi||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|20,970
|37.52
|11,610
|-
|139||[[Tiruchirappalli - I Assembly constituency|Tiruchirappalli - I]]||[[M. S. Mani (politician)|M. S. Mani]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||31,221
|51.37||E. P. Mathuram||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|28,379
|46.69
|2,842
|-
|140||[[Tiruchirappalli - II Assembly constituency|Tiruchirappalli - II]]||[[M. Kalyanasundaram]]||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||38,281
|55.71||T. N. Rajendran||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|30,436
|44.29
|7,845
|-
|141||[[Srirangam Assembly constituency|Srirangam]]||[[N. Subramanian Chettiar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||39,101
|54.76||T. Oraisamy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|24,651
|34.52
|14,450
|-
|142||[[Musiri Assembly constituency|Musiri]]||[[S. Ramalingam]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||32,155
|50.79||A. Dorairaju||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|27,661
|43.69
|4,494
|-
|143||[[Uppiliapuram Assembly constituency|Uppiliapuram]]||[[V. A. Muthiah]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,435
|47.26||N. Pethu Reddiar||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|29,077
|46.69
|358
|-
|144||[[Perambalur Assembly constituency|Perambalur]]||[[T. P. Alagamuthu]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||38,686
|55.38||R. Rama Reddiar||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31,168
|44.62
|7,518
|-
|145||[[Vengalam Assembly constituency|Vengalam]]||[[S. Mani]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||24,091
|41.66||M. Ayyakannu||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22,498
|38.9
|1,593
|-
|146||[[Lalgudi Assembly constituency|Lalgudi]]||[[P. Dharmalingam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||38,951
|51.85||I. Anthoniswamy||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31,707
|42.21
|7,244
|-
|147||[[Ariyalur Assembly constituency|Ariyalur]]||[[R. Narayanan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||41,721
|64.34||R. Viswanathan||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|17,681
|27.27
|24,040
|-
|148||[[Jayankondam Assembly constituency|Jayankondam]]||[[Jagadambal Velayudam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||33,005
|52.16||S. Samikannu Padayachi||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|24,856
|39.28
|8,149
|-
|149||[[T. Palur Assembly constituency|T. Palur]]||[[S. Ramasami]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||40,593
|60.06||T. K. Subiah||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22,969
|33.98
|17,624
|-
|rowspan=20 align=left|[[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]
|150||[[Tiruvaiyaru Assembly constituency|Tiruvayar]]||[[Palani (Tiruvayar MLA)|Palani]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||33,332
|53.77||Vaiyapuri Nattar||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|24,220
|39.07
|9,112
|-
|151||[[Papanasam Assembly constituency|Papanasam]]||[[R. Subramanian]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||33,144
|53.42||N. Somasundaram||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|28,904
|46.58
|4,240
|-
|152||[[Saliamangalam Assembly constituency|Saliamangalam]]||[[A. Appavoo Thevar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||36,259
|57.01||Abdul Samad||{{Party name with color|All-India Muslim League}}
|11,527
|18.12
|24,732
|-
|153||[[Kumbakonam Assembly constituency|Kumbakonam]]||[[Ramaswami (Kumbakonam MLA)|Ramaswami]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||32,397
|49.72||Krishnamoorthy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|22,704
|34.84
|9,693
|-
|154||[[Aduthurai Assembly constituency|Aduthurai]]||[[K. S. Mani]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||39,750
|53.38||Ramamirtha Thondaman||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|32,125
|43.14
|7,625
|-
|155||[[Kudavasal Assembly constituency|Kudavasal]]||[[P. Jayaraj]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,819
|48.64||P. Appasamy||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|16,433
|26.81
|13,386
|-
|156||[[Mayiladuthurai Assembly constituency|Mayuram]]||[[G. Narayanasamy Naidu]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||37,362
|51.10||Palanisamy Nadar||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|25,220
|34.49
|12,142
|-
|157||[[Sirkazhi Assembly constituency|Sirkazhi]]||[[R. Thangavelu]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,434
|35.80||[[K. B. S. Mani]]||{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|15,890
|25.36
|6,544
|-
|158||[[Porayar Assembly constituency|Porayar]]||[[K. R. sambandam]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,112
|39.45||S. Ganesan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|21,018
|34.39
|3,094
|-
|159||[[Nannilam Assembly constituency|Nannilam]]||[[M. D. Thiagaraja Pillai]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,346
|39.78||Ramiah Mudaliar||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|21,519
|32.49
|4,827
|-
|160||[[Tiruvarur Assembly constituency|Tiruvarur]]||[[C. M. Ambikapathy]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,384
|44.89||S. Vadivelu||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|23,993
|36.66
|5,391
|-
|161||[[Nagapattinam Assembly constituency|Nagapattinam]]||[[A. M. P. S. Balagangadaran]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,447
|42.89||G. Bhaktavatchalam||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|20,355
|31.81
|7,092
|-
|162||[[Vedaranyam Assembly constituency|Vedaranyam]]||[[N. S. Ramalingam]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,200
|40.09||N. Dharmalingam||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|17,764
|26.18
|9,436
|-
|163||[[Thiruthuraipoondi Assembly constituency|Thiruthuraipundi]]||[[A. K. Subbaiah]]||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||45,148
|56.28||V. VEdaiyan||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|35,078
|43.72
|10,070
|-
|164||[[Mannargudi Assembly constituency|Mannargudi]]||[[T. S. Swaminatha Odayar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||37,117
|51.94||P. Narayanasami||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|19,021
|26.62
|18,096
|-
|165||[[Thanjavur Assembly constituency|Thanjavur]]||[[M. Karunanidhi]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||32,145
|50.89||[[A. Y. S. Parisutha Nadar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|30,217
|47.84
|1,928
|-
|166||[[Gandarvakottai Assembly constituency|Gandarvakottai]]||[[R. Krishnaswamy Gopalar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,878
|41.99||Govindarasu Kalingarar||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|22,061
|37.24
|2,817
|-
|167||[[Adirampattinam Assembly constituency|Adiramapattinam]]||[[Dhandayuthapani Pillai]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||31,503
|47.33||Marimuthu||{{Party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|26,104
|39.22
|5,399
|-
|168||[[Pattukkottai Assembly constituency|Pattukkottai]]||[[V. Arunachala Thevar]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||35,151
|44.39||R. Srinivasa Iyer||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|28,806
|36.38
|6,345
|-
|169||[[Arantangi Assembly constituency|Arantangi]]||[[A. Durai Arasan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||33,781
|55.25||K. Ramanathan Servai||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|25,112
|41.07
|8,669
|-
|rowspan=14 align=left|[[Ramanathapuram district|Ramanathapuram]]
|170||[[Tiruvadanai Assembly constituency|Tiruvadanai]]||[[KR. RM. Kariya Manickam Ambalam]]||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||37,612
|59.88||S. Ramakrishna Thevar||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|23,011
|36.64
|14,601
|-
|171||[[Karaikudi Assembly constituency|Karaikudi]]||[[Saw Ganesan]]||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||27,890
|49.31||A. I. Subbiah Ambalam||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|23,282
|41.16
|4,608
|-
|172||[[Tirukostiyur Assembly constituency|Tirukostiyur]]||[[S. Madhavan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||24,833
|37.95||N. V. Chokkalingam Ambalam||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|21,284
|32.53
|3,549
|-
|173||[[Sivaganga Assembly constituency|Sivaganga]]||[[R. V. Swaminathan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||43,410
|53.93||Kalailingam||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|34,159
|42.44
|9,251
|-
|174||[[Ramanathapuram Assembly constituency|Ramanathapuram]]||[[Shanmuga Rajeshwara Sethupathi]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||44,942
|61.92||S. Abdul Rahim||{{Party name with color|All-India Muslim League}}
|18,363
|25.3
|26,579
|-
|175||[[Paramakudi Assembly constituency|Paramakudi]]||[[C. Srinivasa Iyengar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||33,301
|44.78||S. P. Thangavelan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|22,439
|30.17
|10,862
|-
|176||[[Manamadurai Assembly constituency|Manamadurai]]||[[K. Cheemaichamy]]||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||33,895
|54.62||M. Amin Nainar Howth||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26,627
|42.91
|7,268
|-
|177||[[Tiruchuli Assembly constituency|Tiruchili]]||[[A. Perumal]]||{{Party name with color|Forward Bloc}}||28,524
|55.94||M. Vellathurai||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|18,428
|36.14
|10,096
|-
|178||[[Mudukulathur Assembly constituency|Mudukulathur]]||[[T. L. Sasivarna Thevar]]||{{Party name with color|Forward Bloc}}||37,162
|49.36||Kasinatha Dorai||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|34,217
|45.45
|2,945
|-
|179||[[Aruppukottai Assembly constituency|Aruppukkottai]]||[[T. Kadambavana Sundaram]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||35,597
|54.54||S. Sowdi Sundara Bharathi||{{Party name with color|Forward Bloc}}
|28,583
|43.8
|7,014
|-
|180||[[Sattur Assembly constituency|Sattur]]||[[K. Kamaraj Nadar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||46,950
|56.38||P. Ramamoorthy||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|33,506
|40.24
|13,444
|-
|181||[[Sivakasi Assembly constituency|Sivakasi]]||[[S. Ramasamy Naidu]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||35,726
|57.62||K. Doraisamy Thevar||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|23,078
|37.22
|12,648
|-
|182||[[Srivilliputhur Assembly constituency|Srivilliputhur]]||[[M. Chelliah]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||36,122
|57.60||G. Gurusamy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|26,595
|42.4
|9,527
|-
|183||[[Rajapalayam Assembly constituency|Rajapalayam]]||[[R. Krishnasamy Naidu]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||41,692
|51.73||V. Ramakrishna Raja||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|19,165
|23.78
|22,527
|-
|rowspan=17 align=left|[[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]]
|184||[[Kovilpatti Assembly constituency|Kovilpatti]]||[[N. V. Venugopalakrishnasami]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,158
|36.22||R. S. Appasami||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|18,059
|29.52
|4,099
|-
|185||[[Kadambur Assembly constituency|Kadambur]]||[[S. Sangili]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,200
|50.29||M. Muthiah||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|17,838
|46.73
|1,362
|-
|186||[[Ottapidaram Assembly constituency|Ottapidaram]]||[[A. L. Ramakrishna Naicker]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||30,067
|44.17||K. Vaiyappan||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|19,906
|29.24
|10,161
|-
|187||[[Thoothukkudi Assembly constituency|Tuticorin]]||[[Ponnusamy Nadar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||31,280
|43.88||K. R. Ramalingam||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|19,924
|27.95
|11,356
|-
|188||[[Srivaikuntam Assembly constituency|Srivaikuntam]]||[[A. P. C. Veerabahu]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,949
|48.28||S. Pechi||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|12,844
|20.7
|17,105
|-
|189||[[Tirunelveli Assembly constituency|Tirunelveli]]||[[Rajathi Kunchithapatham]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,985
|36.89||Ramasami||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|24,544
|34.85
|1,441
|-
|190||[[Gangaikondan Assembly constituency|Gangaikondan]]||[[R. S. Arumugam]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,548
|34.92||S. Chelliah||{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|13,780
|27.42
|3,768
|-
|191||[[Alangulam Assembly constituency|Alangulam]]||[[S. Chellapandian]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||32,650
|51.44||N. H. M. Pandian||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|22,438
|35.35
|10,212
|-
|192||[[Puliyangudi Assembly constituency|Puliyangudi]]||P. Urkavala Kudumbar||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,485
|42.69||P. Dorairaj||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|13,458
|24.46
|10,027
|-
|193||[[Sankarankoil Assembly constituency|Sankarankoil]]||[[S. M. Abdul Majid Sahib]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||32,799
|52.41||S. Krishnan Servai||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|16,388
|26.19
|16,411
|-
|194||[[Tenkasi Assembly constituency|Tenkasi]]||[[A. R. Subbiah Mudaliar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29,684
|44.33||Reboi Sahib||{{Party name with color|All-India Muslim League}}
|16,882
|25.21
|12,802
|-
|195||[[Ambasamudram Assembly constituency|Ambasamudram]]||[[G. Gomathisankara Dikshithar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,883
|38.16||A. Nallasivan||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|20,216
|29.81
|5,667
|-
|196||[[Kadayam Assembly constituency|Kadayam]]||[[A. B. Balagan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||46,160
|67.75||R. V. Ananthakrishnan||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|13,821
|20.28
|32,339
|-
|197||[[Tiruchendur Assembly constituency|Tiruchendur]]||[[M. S. Selvarajan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||39,944
|58.00||[[S. P. Adithanar]]||{{Party name with color|We Tamils}}
|27,994
|40.65
|11,950
|-
|198||[[Sathankulam Assembly constituency|Sathankulam]]||[[K. T. Kosalram]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||43,428
|68.42||A. P. Rajsingh||{{Party name with color|We Tamils}}
|17,351
|27.33
|26,077
|-
|199||[[Radhapuram Assembly constituency|Radhapuram]]||[[N. Soundrapandian]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||42,334
|67.04||P. R. Carmel||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|19,271
|30.52
|23,063
|-
|200||[[Nanguneri Assembly constituency|Nanguneri]]||[[M. G. Sankar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||28,548
|43.97||S. Madasamy||{{Party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|23,211
|35.75
|5,337
|-
|rowspan=6 align=left|[[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]
|201||[[Kanyakumari Assembly constituency|Kanyakumari]]||[[B. Natarajan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||46,263
|80.58||S. Rassiah||{{Party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|9,825
|17.11
|36,438
|-
|202||[[Nagercoil Assembly constituency|Nagercoil]]||[[A. Chidambaranatha Nadar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||37,079
|54.13||[[M. C. Balan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|17,318
|25.28
|19,761
|-
|203||[[Colachel Assembly constituency|Colachel]]||[[A. Swamidhes Nadar]]||{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}||36,054
|55.64||[[Lourdammal Simon]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|28,275
|43.63
|7,779
|-
|204||[[Killiyoor Assembly constituency|Killiyur]]||[[R. Ponnappan Nadar]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,278
|60.05||G. Devadas||{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|9,872
|23.45
|15,406
|-
|205||[[Padmanabhapuram Assembly constituency|Padmanabapuram]]||[[Kunjan Nadar]] (Rayan Nadar)||{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)}}||23,747
|46.47||Francis||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|11,572
|22.65
|12,175
|-
|206||[[Vilavancode Assembly constituency|Vilavancode]]||[[William (Vilavancode MLA)|M. William]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||30,386
|58.19||D. Gnanasigamony||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|21,388
|40.96
|8,998
|}

== See also ==
* [[Elections in Tamil Nadu]]
* [[Legislature of Tamil Nadu]]
* [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]

==Footnotes==
<references/>

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081207201816/http://www.eci.gov.in/ Election Commission of India]
* [http://web.mit.edu/polisci/students/aziegfeld/Re-Thinking%20Dravidian%20Hegemony.pdf Rethinking Dravidian Hegemony in Tamil Nadu Party Politics]

{{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}

[[Category:State Assembly elections in Madras]]
[[Category:1962 State Assembly elections in India|Madras]]

Dear Vikram

2026-04-24T01:57:06Z

Prakashmishra1991: Creating Details.

{{Short description|2022 Kannada action drama film}}
{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = K. S. Nandheesh
| writer = K. S. Nandheesh
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = K. S. Nandheesh
| starring = [[Sathish Ninasam]] [[Shraddha Srinath]]
| narrator =
| cinematography =
| editing = Srikanth
| music = [[Tony Joseph Pallivathukal]] [[Judah Sandhy]]
| studio = Backgate Productions Jacob Films Leader Film Productions Sathish Picture House
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|6|30}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Dear Vikram''''' is a 2022 Indian Kannada-language action drama film directed by K. S. Nandheesh starring [[Sathish Ninasam]] and [[Shraddha Srinath]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/sathish-ninasam-achyuth-kumar-shraddha-srinath-vasishta-simha-starrer-dear-vikram-movie-will-premiere-on-voot-select-on-june-30th/articleshow/92433269.cms|title=ಮೊದಲ ಬಾರಿಗೆ ನೇರವಾಗಿ ಓಟಿಟಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ರಿಲೀಸ್ ಮಾಡ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ ನಟ ಸತೀಶ್ ನೀನಾಸಂ!|website=Vijay Karnataka|language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/sandalwood/sathish-ninasam-shraddha-srinath-starrer-dear-vikram-movie-will-premiere-on-voot-select-on-june-30th-gvd-rdzzrd|title=Dear Vikram: ಸಮಾಜಕ್ಕೆ ಕನ್ನಡಿ ಹಿಡಿಯುವ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದೇವೆ: ನೀನಾಸಂ ಸತೀಶ್‌|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd}}</ref> The film released after a five-year delay.

== Cast ==
*[[Sathish Ninasam]] as Vikram
*[[Shraddha Srinath]] as Nitya
*[[Vasishta N. Simha]] as Bharat
*Raksha Somashekar as Nidhi
*[[Sonu Gowda]] in an extended cameo
*[[Achyuth Kumar]] as Politician

==Production and release==
The film was initially titled ''Godhra'' but was changed to ''Dear Vikram'' in 2022 after the [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]] objected the title attributing its similarity to the [[2002 Gujarat riots|Godhra riots]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/sathish-ninasam-shraddha-srinath-vasishta-simha-starrer-godhra-movie-title-changed-to-dear-vikram/articleshow/92103010.cms|title=ಸತೀಶ್ ನೀನಾಸಂ ನಟನೆಯ 'ಗೋದ್ರಾ' ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಟೈಟಲ್‌ ಚೇಂಜ್! ಹೊಸ ಶೀರ್ಷಿಕೆ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ನೀಡಿದ ಚಿತ್ರತಂಡ|website=Vijay Karnataka|language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sathish-ninasams-godha-to-get-a-new-title/articleshow/91365828.cms|title=Sathish Ninasam's Godhra to get a new title - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=6 May 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/sandalwood/sathish-ninasam-kannada-movie-godhraa-official-2k-teaser-q4atkd|title=ಹುಟ್ಟು ದರಿದ್ರವಾಗಿದ್ರೂ ಸಾವು ಚರಿತ್ರೆಯಾಗ್ಬೇಕು': ಇದು ನೀನಾಸಂ ಸತೀಶ್‌ 'ಗೋದ್ರಾ' ಕಥೆ!|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd}}</ref> The film began production in 2017, but only released in 2022 due to the delay caused by the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/godhra-first-look-revealead/articleshow/60021493.cms|title=Godhra first look revealed - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=11 August 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/aug/09/godhra-to-be-launched-on-august-12-by-shivarajkumar-1640368.html|title=Godhra to be launched on August 12 by Shivarajkumar|website=The New Indian Express|date=9 August 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shraddha-srinath-talks-about-dear-vikram/article65588563.ece|title=Shraddha Srinath talks about her new Kannada film 'Dear Vikram'|first=Shilpa|last=Anandraj|date=1 July 2022|work=The Hindu}}</ref> The film was shot in multiple Indian states and Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sonu-gowda-roped-godhra-116997|title=Sonu Gowda roped in for 'Godhra'|date=28 January 2020|website=The News Minute}}</ref>

The film was to release in 2020 after shooting for most of the film was complete except for the introduction song.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/wrap-time-godhra-only-intro-song-left-be-shot-115906|title=Wrap up time for 'Godhra' with only intro song left to be shot|date=11 January 2020|website=The News Minute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2020/jan/11/sathish-ninasam-gears-up-for-godhra-2087861.html|title=Sathish Ninasam gears up for 'Godhra'|website=The New Indian Express|date=11 January 2020 }}</ref> The film streamed on [[Voot]] Select on 30 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/jun/30/dear-vikram-pictures-a-common-mans-life-and-his-fight-for-rights-satish-2471155.html|title=Dear Vikram pictures a common man's life and his fight for rights: Satish|website=The New Indian Express|date=30 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/jun/23/dear-vikram-to-get-a-direct-digital-release-on-voot-select-2468570.html|title=Dear Vikram to get a direct digital release on Voot Select|website=The New Indian Express|date=23 June 2022 }}</ref>

== Reception ==
Muralidhara Khajane of ''[[The Hindu]]'' opined that "In his enthusiasm to address multiple burning socio-economic, cultural, religious and political issues in the span of one film, director Nandeesh seems to have lost his focus".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dear-vikram-movie-review-a-socio-political-film-that-bites-off-more-than-it-can-chew/article65585269.ece|title='Dear Vikram' movie review: A socio-political film that bites off more than it can chew|first=Muralidhara|last=Khajane|date=30 June 2022|work=The Hindu}}</ref> Sunayana Suresh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' said that "''Dear Vikram'' could have been a film that could have raised interesting debates on the current political situation, but it ends up falling short as the tale seems too rushed between some unnecessary songs and sequences".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/kannada/dear-vikram/ottmoviereview/92537790.cms|title=Dear Vikram Review: An earnest tale about idealism versus reality|newspaper=The Times of India|first=Sunayana|last=Suresh|date=30 June 2022|accessdate=23 April 2026}}</ref> Jayadeep Jayesh of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' called the film "a total misfire".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/dear-vikram-review-a-total-misfire-1122931.html|title='Dear Vikram' review: A total misfire|date=1 July 2022|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/review/sathish-ninasam-vasishta-simha-shraddha-srinath-starrer-dear-vikram-movie-review-rating-in-kannada/moviereview/92572747.cms|title=Dear Vikram Review: ಸಿದ್ಧಾಂತ & ವಾಸ್ತವದ ಸಂಘರ್ಷಕ್ಕೆ ಸಿಲುಕುವ 'ವಿಕ್ರಮ್'|website=Vijay Karnataka|language=kn}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2022 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]

Mannadiar Penninu Chenkotta Checkan

2026-04-19T20:18:10Z

Prakashmishra1991: added some entry initial version

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mannadiar Penninu Chenkotta Checkan
| image =
| caption =
| director = {{ubl|[[Anil (director)|P. Anil]]|[[Babu Narayanan]]}}
| producer =
| writer = {{ubl|A. K. Sajan|A. K .Santhosh}}
| screenplay = {{ubl|A. K. Sajan|A. K. Santhosh}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]]|[[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]]|[[Jagathy Sreekumar]]|[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]}}
| music = [[Raveendran]]
| cinematography = [[Vipin Mohan]]
| editing = P. C. Mohanan
| studio = Rajsagar Films
| distributor = Rajsagar Films
| released = {{Film date|1997|01|17|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Mannadiar Penninu Chenkotta Checkan''''' is a [[List of Malayalam films of 1997|1997]] Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language film, directed by [[Anil (director)|P. Anil]] and [[Babu Narayanan]]. The film stars [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] and [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[Raveendran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=3053|title=Mannaadiyaar Penninu Chenkotta Chekkan|accessdate=2014-10-27|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?4225|title=Mannaadiyaar Penninu Chenkotta Chekkan|accessdate=2014-10-27|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref>

==Plot==
Aarcha is the young matriarch of Mannadiar family. She hates men and her 4 brothers are her body guards. She has made them divorce their wives for personal whim's. Because of pampered life she considered everyone whom she hates as lesser beings than her. In such a depraved egoistic life she played with Sethuraman's during her college. Through an unexpected turn of events Sethuraman gets into her family as their family lawyer and attempts to change the power dynamics and marry Aarcha, because he once loved her open-heartedly.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] as Adv. Chenkotta Sethuraman
*[[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]] as Aarcha / Sundari Sethuraman
*[[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Eswaran Vakkeel
*[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Gajendra Mannadiar
*[[Cochin Haneefa]] as Veerendra Mannadiar
*[[Subair]] as Narendra Mannadiar
*[[Baiju Santhosh|Baiju]] as Rajendra Mannadiar
*[[Kalabhavan Mani]] as Madhavan
*[[Augustine (actor)|Augustine]] Velayudhan, S.I. Ayyappan's nephew
*[[C. I. Paul]] as S.I. Ayyappan
*[[Salim Kumar]] as Marmmaadi
*[[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]] as Chamba
*[[KPAC Lalitha]] as Pushpavalli
*[[Zeenath]] as Leelamani
*[[Bindu Panicker]] as Thilothoma
* [[Anusha (actress)|Anusha]] as Sethuraman's sister
*[[Harishree Ashokan]] as Aromal
*[[Bobby Kottarakkara]] as Komalan
*[[Meghanathan]] as Natesan
*Salu Koottanad
*[[Kottayam Nazeer]]
*[[T. P. Madhavan]] as Vakeel
*[[Adoor Bhavani]] as Vayattatti
*[[Meena Ganesh]] as Vayattati's daughter
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Raveendran]] and the lyrics were written by [[P. K. Gopi]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Ankam Jayiche" || Mano || [[P. K. Gopi]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Nercha Kunkuma" || [[G. Venugopal]], Chorus, [[Krishnachandran]] || P. K. Gopi ||
|-
| 3 || "Poli Poliye" (Perumathudi Kotti Varunne) || [[Pradip Somasundaran]] ||P. K. Gopi ||
|}

==Reception==
A critic from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote that "Yet another shrew to be tamed, yet another slapstick comedy. That sums up Anil Babus film".<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 1999 |title=Reviews |url=http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/384572F6661CE28265256941003DC8D3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322152101/http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/384572F6661CE28265256941003DC8D3 |archive-date=22 March 2012 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0273782|Mannadiar Penninu Chenkotta Checkan}}

[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:1997 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Babu Narayanan]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Manendragarh Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:06:12Z

Prakashmishra1991: added basic article added tags

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Chhattisgarh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Manendragarh
| mla = [[Shyam Bihari Jaiswal]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Vinay Jaiswal
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| division = Surguja
| district = [[Koriya district|Koriya]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Korba (Lok Sabha constituency)|Korba]]
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:134947}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/chhattisgarh-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=State Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate=25 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 2
| map_image = Manendragarh Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Manendragarh''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceoMap>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Koriya district|Koriya]] district.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Jwalaprasad
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|Pritam Kurrey
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|[[Brijendra Lal]]<ref name="election1957">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3728-madhya-pradesh-1957/ |title=Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election -1957 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[Raghubar Singh]]
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Ratti Ram
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |Dharam Pal
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Ram Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |Vijay Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|[[Chandrapratap Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Lal Vijai Pratap Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|Gulab Singh
|-
! colspan=4|[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|Gulab Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|Deepak Kumar Patel
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|[[Shyam Bihari Jaiswal]]
|-
|[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2018" />
|Vinay Jaiswal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Shyam Bihari Jaiswal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==

===2023===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2023]]: Manendragarh<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results Dec-2023 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/ |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Shyam Bihari Jaiswal]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 48,503
|percentage = 48.19
|change = +15.87
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ramesh Singh Vakil
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 36,623
|percentage = 36.39
|change = -0.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sekh Ismail
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|votes = 10,411
|percentage = 10.34
|change = -1.65
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Aditya Raj David
|party = Janta Congress Chhattisgarh
|votes = 1,519
|percentage = 1.51
|change = -11.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 1,308
|percentage = 1.30
|change = -0.91
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 11,880
|percentage = 11.81
|change = +7.60
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 100,654
|percentage = 74.59
|change = +2.11
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Manendragarh<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=Statistical data of General Election to Chhatisgarh Assembly - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dr. Vinay Jaiswal
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 34,803
|percentage = 36.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Shyam Bihari Jaiswal]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 30,792
|percentage = 32.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Lakhan Lal Shrivastava]]
|party = Janta Congress Chhattisgarh
|votes = 12,452
|percentage = 13.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Aditya Raj David
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|votes = 11,425
|percentage = 11.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2,106
|percentage = 2.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 4,011
|percentage = 4.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 95,260
|percentage = 72.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner= Indian National Congress
|loser= Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Koriya district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

{{coord|23.21|82.19|display=title}}

[[Category:Koriya district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]

Neem Ka Thana Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:00:30Z

Prakashmishra1991: added a details basic info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Rajasthan legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Neem Ka Thana
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-38-Neem Ka Thana.svg
| mla = [[Suresh Modi]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| established = 1957
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Sikar district|Sikar]]
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 38
}}

'''Neem Ka Thana Assembly constituency''' is one of [[List of constituencies of Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha|constituencies]] of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] in the [[Sikar Lok Sabha constituency]].

Neem Ka Thana constituency covers all voters from parts of [[Neem-Ka-Thana|Neem Ka Thana tehsil]], which includes [[Neem-Ka-Thana|ILRC Neem Ka Thana]] including [[Neem Ka Thana Municipal Board]], [[Patan, Sikar|ILRC Patan]], [[Chala, Sikar|ILRC Chala]], [[Dabla|ILRC Dabla]].<ref name="election2008">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order 2008]</ref>

==Member of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| 1. 1957 || [[Narayan Lal]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<ref name="election1957">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Rajasthan_1957.pdf 1957 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 2. 1962 ||[[Chhotu (politician)|Chhotu]]<ref name="election1962">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Rajasthan_1962.pdf 1962 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 3. 1967 || [[Mohan Lal Modi]]<ref name="election1967">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Rajasthan%201967.pdf 1967 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 4. 1972 || [[Mala Ram]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}<ref name="election1972">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_RJ_72.pdf 1972 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 5. 1977 || [[Surya Narain]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<ref name="election1977">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Rajasthan.pdf 1977 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 6. 1980 || [[Mohan Lal Modi]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<ref name="election1980">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Rajasthan.pdf 1980 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 7. 1985 || [[Phool Chand]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<ref name="election1985">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%201985%20Rajasthan.pdf 1985 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 8. 1990 || Phool Chand<ref name="election1990">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_RJ_90.pdf 1990 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 9. 1993 || Mohan Lal Modi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<ref name="election1993">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatRep_RJ_93.pdf 1993 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 10. 1998 || Mohan Lal Modi<ref name="election1998">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-RAJ98.pdf 1998 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 11. 2003 || [[Prem Singh Bajor]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<ref name="election2003">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_RAJ_Nov2003.pdf 2003 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 12. 2008 || [[Ramesh Chand Khandelwal]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref name="election2008-1">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/Stats_report_RJ2008.pdf 2008 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| 13. 2013 || Prem Singh Bajor || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| 14. 2018 || [[Suresh Modi]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 15. 2023 || [[Suresh Modi]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref name="आज तक 2023 f540">{{cite web | title=Neem Ka Thana Assembly Election Results 2023: Neem Ka Thana Election Candidates List, Chunav Results, Vote Share News in Hindi | website=आज तक | date=2023-12-03 | url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/rajasthan/neem-ka-thana-assembly-result-20038 | language=hi | access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]<ref name="आज तक 2023 f540"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Suresh Modi]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:105878}}
|percentage = 53.56
|change = +16.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Premsingh Bajore
|votes = {{formatnum:72788}}
|percentage = 36.82
|change = +6.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
|candidate = Rajesh Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:5500}}
|percentage = 2.78
|change = -11.57
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jannayak Janata Party
|candidate = Raghuveer Singh Tanwar
|votes = {{formatnum:5202}}
|percentage = 2.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Mahendra Mandia
|votes = {{formatnum:3123}}
|percentage = 1.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1283}}
|percentage = 0.65
|change = +0.17
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:33090}}
|percentage = 16.74
|change = +9.68
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:197675}}
|percentage = 72.15
|change = -0.02
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Neem Ka Thana<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Suresh Modi]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:66287}}
|percentage = 37.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Prem Singh Bajore
|votes = {{formatnum:53672}}
|percentage = 30.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
|candidate = Ramesh Khandelwal
|votes = {{formatnum:25620}}
|percentage = 14.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Rajesh Bhaida
|votes = {{formatnum:13211}}
|percentage = 7.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Manju Saini
|votes = {{formatnum:9140}}
|percentage = 5.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Swaraj India
|candidate = Jairam Singh Dabla
|votes = {{formatnum:3347}}
|percentage = 1.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:861}}
|percentage = 0.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:12615}}
|percentage = 7.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:178579}}
|percentage = 72.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)]]

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}
{{coord|27.74|75.78|display=title}}

[[Category:Sikar district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Rajasthan]]

American Embassy School, New Delhi

2026-04-14T23:00:17Z

Prakashmishra1991: put up a entry w/ infobox

{{Short description|International school in New Delhi, established 1952}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = American Embassy School
| image =
| location = Chandragupta Marg, [[Chanakyapuri]]
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]]
| head_label = Head of School
| head = Rand Harrington
| principal_label = High school principal
| principal = Iftekhar Syed
| city = [[New Delhi]]
| state = [[Delhi]]
| country = [[India]]
| zipcode = 110021
| coordinates = {{coord|28|35|57.15|N|77|10|56.25|E|type:edu_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| campus = [[Suburban]]
| established = 1952
| grades = Pre K-12
| avg_class_size = >12 students upper 18 students middle
| faculty = Faculty and Staff: 368; includes 94 teachers and 88 US Citizens<ref name="NewDelhiFactSheet">{{Cite web |title=New Delhi, India: The American Embassy School, New Delhi: 2022-2023 Fact Sheet|url=https://www.state.gov/the-american-embassy-school-new-delhi-fact-sheet/ |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=US Department of State Website |url-status=live |archive-date=12 April 2023 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412161055/https://www.state.gov/the-american-embassy-school-new-delhi-fact-sheet/}}</ref>
| annual_tuition = $27,450-$33,605<ref name="NewDelhiFactSheet" />
| enrollment = 1,037 (2022)<ref name="NewDelhiFactSheet" /> 463 Elementary PK-Grade 5 243 Middle 331 High
| colors = Black and gold {{Color box|Black|border=darkgray}}{{Color box|Gold|border=darkgray}}
| mascot = [[Tiger]]
| website = {{URL|http://aes.ac.in|School Website}}
}}
The '''American Embassy School''' ('''AES'''), [[New Delhi]], [[India]], is an independent, co-educational day school that offers an educational program from pre-kindergarten through Grade 12. The school's student body represents more than 70 nationalities, with U.S. citizens as the largest population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Delhi, India: The American Embassy School, New Delhi: 2023-2024 Fact Sheet |url=https://www.state.gov/the-american-embassy-school-new-delhi-fact-sheet/ |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=United States Department of State |language=en}}</ref> It is adjacent to the [[Embassy of the United States, New Delhi|Embassy of the United States]] in the city's [[Chanakyapuri]] diplomatic enclave.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |last1=Harris |first1=Gardiner |last2=Weiser |first2=Benjamin |title=School in India Ensnared in U.S. Diplomatic Spat |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/16/world/asia/indian-school-ensnared-in-us-diplomatic-row.html?hpw&rref=education&_r=0 |url-access=subscription |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 January 2014}}</ref>

==History==
The school was founded in 1952, following the U.S. Embassy's correspondence to the Union Government of India to request a school for American expatriate children.<ref name=Notrun>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/american-school-in-delhi-not-run-by-embassy-us/articleshow/28929444.cms|title=American School in Delhi not run by Embassy: US|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=2014-01-17|accessdate=2022-02-13}}</ref>

Jonathan Payne DuPont, author of the PhD thesis "Teacher Perceptions of the Influence of Principal Instructional Leadership on School Culture A Case Study of the American Embassy School in New Delhi, India," stated that the school's population grew in the 2000s due to an increase in India's economic status.{{sfn|DuPont|2009| p=60}}

In 2019, R Vervoort, B Blocken, and T van Hooff did a scientific study at the school regarding reducing [[particulate matter]] at the school.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Reduction of particulate matter concentrations by local removal in a building courtyard: Case study for the Delhi American Embassy School |year=2019 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.154 |pmid=31195277 |last1=Vervoort |first1=R. |last2=Blocken |first2=B. |last3=Van Hooff |first3=T. |journal=The Science of the Total Environment |volume=686 |pages=657–680 |bibcode=2019ScTEn.686..657V |s2cid=181455371 }}</ref>

==Admission and demographics==
U.S. citizens are given the first priority for admission, provided the applicant meets the school's eligibility criteria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The American Embassy School Admission Requirements|url=https://www.aes.ac.in/join-us/admissions/admissions-requirements|access-date=2022-11-11 |website=The American Embassy School Website |language=en}}</ref> Eligibility in all other cases is limited to children whose parents or [[legal guardian]]s hold a foreign passport, are temporarily residing in India and based in New Delhi, and the student lives with the parent or legal guardian. An Indian citizen applicant must meet all three of the following criteria to be eligible to apply for admission:
* the parents of the student are likely to stay in India for a period of 2 to 3 years,
* the student should have come from an American/international system of education (outside of India with the exception of the [[American School of Bombay]] and the [https://www.aischennai.org American International School of Chennai]) and has to return to the American/international system of education,
* the student is in a critical stage of education and studying at AES is important for the student's education. The American Embassy School defines ‘critical stage of education’ as Grades 9–12.
In the 2008–2009 school year, there were 1,348 pupils, with U.S. citizens being about 39%, Koreans making up about 17%, and the remainder coming from about 50 other countries. 690, 363, and 295 students each were in elementary, middle, and high school.{{sfn|DuPont|2009| pp=52-53}} From the 2000–2001 school year to the 2008–2009 school year there was an increase of students of Indian heritage who were not Indian citizens, from 136 to 351. The number of Indian citizens enrolled went from 48 to 52, respectively.{{sfn|DuPont|2009| p=59}} In 2014 [[Jen Psaki]], the spokesperson of the [[U.S. State Department]], stated approximately about one-third of the students were U.S. citizens.<ref name="Notrun" />

The school experienced a temporary drop in enrollment due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andrew Torris, Director of American Embassy School |url=https://www.theceomagazine.com/executive-interviews/education/andrew-torris/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=The CEO Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> At the beginning of the 2020–2021 school year, enrollment was 954, representing 59 nationalities with the U.S. being the most common country of origin. (Pre-K to Grade 5: 415; Grades 6-8: 213; and Grades 9-12: 326). During the same school year, there were 166 faculty members. Average tenure at AES is 4.4 years and average years of experience is 17 years.<ref name="fact1">{{Cite web |title=New Delhi, India: The American Embassy School, New Delhi: 2020-2021 Fact Sheet |url=https://2017-2021.state.gov/the-american-embassy-school-new-delhi-fact-sheet/index.html}}</ref>

==Organization==
The AES Board of Governors has nine voting members who serve two-year terms with an option to continue for a third year. Seven are elected by the school's Association, which includes all parents and faculty; two are appointed by a majority of the Board. The Board also has two non-voting members appointed by the U.S. Ambassador; the School Director also serves as an [[Ex officio member|ex-officio]] board member.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aes.ac.in/our-story/leadership-and-governance/school-governance|title=School Governance - American Embassy School of New Delhi}}</ref>

The school's English motto is "Enter to Learn, Leave to Serve." Its Latin motto is "Domi ac foris," meaning "At home and abroad."<ref>{{Cite web |date=Fall 2019 |title=Director Position Statement: The American Embassy School in New Delhi |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/rg175/current_searches/15795573711111335952.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date= 25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525102240/https://s3.amazonaws.com/rg175/current_searches/15795573711111335952.pdf}}</ref>

==Curriculum==
The curriculum is that of a general academic, college-preparatory school. The school's testing program includes the College Board tests (SAT, SAT II, PSAT). Instruction is in [[English language|English]]; [[French language|French]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], and Mandarin are taught as foreign languages. English-as-an Additional Language services are offered for non-native English speakers. The school also offers the [[International Baccalaureate]] Diploma and support programs for students with special needs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Delhi, India: The American Embassy School, New Delhi: 2025 Special Needs Profile |url=https://www.state.gov/the-american-embassy-school-new-delhi-special-needs-profile |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=United States Department of State |language=en}}</ref> Most of the graduates go on to universities in the United States and other countries.<ref name="AES_Profile" /> The school is accredited by the [[Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Embassy School {{!}} Expat Arrivals |url=https://www.expatarrivals.com/asia-pacific/india/delhi/american-embassy-school |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=www.expatarrivals.com}}</ref>

==Facilities==
The school campus is spread over more than 12 acres and includes two libraries, a 25-meter swimming pool and toddler pool, a physical education center with two gymnasiums, "Makerspaces," three playgrounds, four clay tennis courts, grass and artificial soccer pitches, and a performing arts center.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Campus & School Facilities - American Embassy School of New Delhi |url=https://www.aes.ac.in/our-story/campus-school-facilities |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=www.aes.ac.in |language=en-US}}</ref> Before his death in 2015, Indian artist [[Nek Chand]] visited the school as an artist-in-residence and donated a series of sculptures, which are displayed around campus.<ref>{{Citation |title=AES Nek Chand @AES main video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4r8uiU9dCso |language=en |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref>

Beginning in 2015, the school has responded to air quality concerns in Delhi by adding air monitors and advanced filtration systems to all indoor academic space.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Pollution in School Case Studies |url=https://breatheeasylabs.com/pages/case-studies-schools |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=BreatheEasy |language=en}}</ref> and creating additional indoor play space options for recess periods. The [[air quality index]] (AQI) in most indoor spaces now remains below 50 throughout the school day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-29 |title=Outdoor air purifiers and inside play: Delhi gears up for annual pollution fight |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/29/outdoor-air-purifiers-and-inside-play-delhi-gears-up-for-annual-pollution-fight |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Since 2017, the school has also added filtration systems to its faculty housing and installed outdoor air cleaners to improve the air quality in its high school atrium.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kitch |first=Derwin |date=2020-11-07 |title=Our New & Improved High School Atrium |url=https://www.kitchfamily.org/post/our-new-improved-high-school-atrium |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=Kitch Family |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Isphording |first=Simone |date=2020-09-09 |title=How much PM does our technology remove inside a school building? {{!}} ENS Clean Air {{!}} How much PM does our technology remove inside a school building? |url=https://www.ens-cleanair.com/en/how-much-pm-does-our-technology-remove-inside-a-school-building/ |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=ENS Clean Air |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AIS/AES Alumni Network - American International School/American Embassy School - New Delhi, India |url=https://www.aisaes.org/PastFrontPageArticles23.htm |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=www.aisaes.org}}</ref>

The United States government leases the land that the school occupies.<ref name="NYT"/>

==School activities and sports==
Extracurricular activities include team sports, performing arts, dance, visual arts, academic games, [[Taekwondo|TaeKwonDo]]<ref name="edexlive.com">{{Cite web |title=How Rayna Singh is empowering young girls from a Delhi slum through taekwondo lessons |url=https://www.edexlive.com/people/2020/oct/07/how-rayna-singh-is-empowering-young-girls-from-a-delhi-slum-through-taekwondo-lessons-15087.html |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=Edex Live |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=10-yr-old achieves Taekwondo feat |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/10-yr-old-achieves-taekwondo-feat-100722 |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref> and other interests such as [[chess]], [[climbing]], and visiting historic sites and nature preserves such as [[Ranthambore National Park|Rathambore National Park]].<ref>{{Cite web |first=Heidi |last=Sarna |date=2019-10-28 |title=How to go 'tiger trekking' in India's Ranthambore National Park |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/28/tiger-treks-india-ranthambore-national-park.html |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> The school is a member of [[MESAC]] (Middle East South Asia Conference) for Grades 8–12 and ASIAC (American Schools in India Activities Conference) for Grades 6–8.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About ASIAC – ASIAC |url=http://www.asiacindia.org/about-asiac/ |access-date=2025-05-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The school used to be part of The South Asian Inter-Scholastic Association ([[SAISA]]), competing as the "Falcons" and the school colors were red and white.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://alumni.aes.ac.in/ |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=American Embassy School Alumni |language=en}}</ref> During the 1960s, the school adopted its current mascot, the Tiger.<ref name=":0"/>

The school has an active [[Service learning programs|service learning program]] and a range of community outreach activities for students, faculty, and families. The "Reach Out" program and other initiatives enable students to interact with people from the "jugghi" or [[slum]]s near the school, including constructing a library and studying area to promote literacy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-06 |title=Slum kids dare to dream with 'bright eyes and keen minds' |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/slum-kids-dare-dream-%c2%91bright-eyes-keen-minds%c2%92-1502705283.html |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=The Statesman |language=en-US}}</ref> The high school's 12 community service clubs<ref name="AES_Profile">{{Cite web |date=September 2021 |title=AES High School Profile, 2021-2022 |archive-date=26 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726011647/https://resources.finalsite.net/images/v1634025809/aesacin/ouosjiqa403tkfnxv56n/HSProfileSY2122.pdf |url=https://resources.finalsite.net/images/v1634025809/aesacin/ouosjiqa403tkfnxv56n/HSProfileSY2122.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=17 May 2022}}</ref> include Make a Difference,<ref name="edexlive.com"/> Rights for Children, Blind Relief Volunteers, and more.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2018 |first=Sharad |last=Kohli |title=Alive to the sound of music: When two Gurugram students and an NGO joined hands {{!}} Gurgaon News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/alive-to-the-sound-of-music-when-two-gurugram-students-and-an-ngo-joined-hands/articleshow/67061064.cms |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> More than 80% of high schoolers participate in community service programs. The school is also the chartered organization for [[Cub Scouting (Boy Scouts of America)|Cub Scout]] Pack 3060 and [[Scouts BSA]] Troop 60.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-05 |title=Scout Troop 60 Helps On-Site Tree Conservation Effort » New Delhi NEC |url=https://newusembassynewdelhi.state.gov/scout-troop-60-helps-on-site-tree-conservation-effort/ |access-date=2022-05-19 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Troop 60 in New Delhi |url=https://www.bsatroop60.in |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=www.bsatroop60.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

As of 2015, the school has a rule regarding how much pollution is permissible for students to do outdoor classes and athletic activities.<ref>{{cite web|last=Roy|first=Shubajit|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/embassy-schools-only-place-where-alarm-bells-heard/|title=Embassy schools only place where alarm bells heard|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|date=2015-04-02}}</ref>

==Notable alumni==
{{alumni|date=December 2022}}
* [[Aisha Chaudhary]], Indian author, motivational speaker<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Inspiring And Heartbreaking Story Of Aisha Chaudhary, Told In 'The Sky Is Pink' |url=https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/aisha-chaudhary-inspiration-behind-the-sky-is-pink-2099049 |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
* [[Timothy Geithner]], former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, attended AES and has visited the school in his official capacity while in India<ref>{{cite news | url=http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/09/geithner-meets-chidambaram-in-delhi/ | title=Geithner Meets Chidambaram in Delhi | date=9 October 2012 | first=Gardiner | last=Harris |url-access=subscription |work=[[The New York Times]] | accessdate=14 August 2018 }}</ref>
* [[Mythili Raman]], American lawyer, graduated AES in 1987
* [[Alankrita Sahai]], model and [[Miss Diva - 2014|Miss Diva Earth 2014]]
* [[Hannah Simone]], actress, attended at age 16
* [[Uma Thurman]], actress, attended the school in 1979 while she lived in India<ref>http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-13919437_ITM {{dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>

== Notable guests ==

* U.S. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] visited the school on 11 December 1959.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIS/AES Alumni Network - American International School/American Embassy School - New Delhi, India |url=https://www.aisaes.org/2015/2015_Ike-TimCorey1959.htm |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=www.aisaes.org}}</ref>
* Indian Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] visited the school in 1961.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Our Legacy - American Embassy School of New Delhi |url=https://www.aes.ac.in/our-story/legacy |access-date=2022-05-20 |website=www.aes.ac.in |language=en-US}}</ref>
* First Lady [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis|Jacqueline Kennedy]] visited the school in 1962.<ref name=":0" />
* American poet [[Louis Untermeyer]] visited the school in 1962.<ref name=":0"/>
* American actor [[Kirk Douglas]] visited the school in 1964.<ref name=":0"/>
* Indian Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] visited the school in 1965.<ref name=":0"/>
* Musician [[Ravi Shankar]] visited the school in 1970.<ref name=":0"/>
* [[14th Dalai Lama|The Dalai Lama]] visited the school on 8 April 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last=The 14th Dalai Lama |date=2022-05-19 |title=Visit to the American Embassy School - New Delhi, India |url=https://www.dalailama.com/pictures/visit-to-the-american-embassy-school-new-delhi-india |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=The 14th Dalai Lama |language=en}}</ref>
* U.S. Secretary of State [[John Kerry]] visited the school on 31 August 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Remarks During Meet and Greet in New Delhi, India |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2016/08/261416.htm |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref>
During the school's first 50 years, other notable American visitors included astronaut [[Pete Conrad]], artist [[Norman Rockwell]], heavyweight champion and activist [[Muhammad Ali]], and actors [[Gregory Peck]] and [[Kirk Douglas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The American Embassy School New Delhi - Golden Anniversary 1952-2002 |url=https://www.aisaes.org/2017/2017_AESGoldenAnnivCalendar1952-2002(web).pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520063627/https://www.aisaes.org/2017/2017_AESGoldenAnnivCalendar1952-2002(web).pdf |archive-date=20 May 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Controversy==
In January 2014, following the [[Devyani Khobragade incident]] in the United States, the school was placed under investigation by the Indian government for alleged tax and visa fraud by its faculty.<ref name="NYT" /><ref name="india1">{{cite news |date=17 January 2014 |title=American School in Delhi not run by Embassy: US |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/american-school-in-delhi-not-run-by-embassy-us/articleshow/28929444.cms?from=mdr |access-date=20 January 2022}}</ref> Since that point, the school has raised its tuition and is strictly following visa, work permit and tax regulations for all its teachers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-28 |title=US Embassy school to abide by Indian tax laws |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/us-embassy-school-to-abide-by-indian-tax-laws-389486.html |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portalbar|United States|Schools|India}}
* [[Americans in India]]
* [[Embassy of the United States, New Delhi|U.S. Embassy in New Delhi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book|url=https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/50822|last=DuPont|first=Jonathan Payne|title=Teacher Perceptions of the Influence of Principal Instructional Leadership on School Culture A Case Study of the American Embassy School in New Delhi, India|publisher=[[University of Minnesota]]|date=April 2009|hdl=11299/50822 }} - [https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/50822/DuPont_umn_0130E_10285.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y PDF link] - [https://books.google.com/books?id=zv-UtAEACAAJ Profile at] [[Google Books]]

==External links==
* [http://aes.ac.in Official website]
{{Schools in Delhi}}
{{International schools in Delhi}}

[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1952]]
[[Category:International schools in Delhi]]
[[Category:International Baccalaureate schools in India]]
[[Category:Indian organisations established in 1952]]
[[Category:Schools in New Delhi]]

Chikkadpally

2026-03-26T11:41:30Z

Prakashmishra1991:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chikkadpally
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Neighbourhood]]
| image_skyline = Chikkadpally Main Road.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Chikkadpally Main Road
| pushpin_map = India Hyderabad#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Hyderabad, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.403247|N|78.498641|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = Metro
| subdivision_name3 = [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[GHMC]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 500020
| registration_plate = TG
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Musheerabad]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[GHMC]]
| website = {{URL|telangana.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Chikkadpally''' is a locality in the city of [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]], in the state of [[Telangana]], [[India]].

Chikkadpally is surrounded by [[Musheerabad]], [[Ashok Nagar, Hyderabad|Ashok Nagar]], [[Narayanguda]] and [[Bagh Lingampally]].

==History==
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2024}}
According to locals, Chikkadpally derives its name from ''chikkad'', meaning mud, and ''-pally'' (originally ''palle, పల్లె'' in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]) meaning place or hamlet. Since Chikkadpally is in a low-lying area, it is usually plagued by ''chikkad'' due to inflow of drain water.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2015-02-03 |title=Chikkadpally A cesspool turned commercial centre |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hyderabad/2015-02-03/Chikkadpally-A-cesspool-turned-commercial-centre/129283 |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
According to some other locals, Chikkadpally derives its name from ''cheekatipally'' (place/hamlet of shadows).

==Transport==
[[TSRTC]] buses connect all major parts of the city, Chikkadpally included. The closest [[Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System|MMTS Train station]] is at [[Vidyanagar]] or [[Jamia Osmania]]. [[Secunderabad Railway Station]] is 6 kilometres away and the [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]] 25 kilometres away.

The [[Hyderabad Metro]] now runs through the area, with two stations in proximity.

==Culture==
The City Central Library is located here.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-19 |title=Day in the life of city central library ground at Chikadpally in Hyderabad: Silence, please |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/hyderabad-city-central-library-chikadpally-4575337/ |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The devotional singer [[M.S.Ramarao]] lived here, and a street -- ''Sundara Kanda M.S. Ramarao Lane --'' is named for him.

A well-known Cultural Auditorium, Thyaagaraaya Gaanasabha, is located here, and sees many cultural activities and meetings.

The historic Lord Venkateshwara Temple, located here, is one of the oldest landmarks of Chikkadpally.

Several popular cinemas are scattered around Chikkadpally and the surrounding area, and screen predominantly [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ([[Telugu cinema|Tollywood]]) movies.

==Gallery==
<gallery caption="Notable places in Chikkadpally">
File:Sri Thyagaraya Gana Sabha.JPG|Sri Thyagaraya Gana Sabha
File:City Central Library.JPG|City Central Library
File:Chikadpally Anjaneya Swamy Temple.JPG|Sri Anjaneya Swamy Temple
File:Chikadpally Venkateswara Swamy Temple.JPG|Sri Venkateswara Swamy Temple
File:Devi - Sudarshan Movie Theaters.JPG|Devi 70mm and Sudarshan 35mm
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}
{{Neighbourhoods of Hyderabad|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India]]

Diwan Singh Rawat

2026-03-26T06:53:26Z

Prakashmishra1991: Creating New Biography.

{{Short description|Indian academic}}
{{close paraphrasing|date=October 2025|source=https://chemistry.du.ac.in/dsrawat/}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Prof.
| name = Diwan Singh Rawat
| image = Diwan Singh Rawat.jpg
| image_upright = yes
| citizenship = Indian
| occupation = Academic, Professor
| title = Vice Chancellor, [[Kumaun University]]
| employer = Kumaun University
| education = Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry from Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow.
| years_active =
| known_for =
}}

'''Diwan Singh Rawat''' is an Indian academic and professor of chemistry, who currently serves as the Vice Chancellor of [[Kumaun University]], his alma mater, in Nainital.<ref>{{cite web |title= Vice Chancellor's Message |url= https://www.kunainital.ac.in/about-ku/vice-chanceller-message | website= Kumaun University |access-date= October 8, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= 03-04-2025:VC of KU Nainital Prof. Diwan Singh Rawat gave a presentation on the progress of research work under the 'One University-One Research' program before the Governor |url= https://governoruk.gov.in/gallery/03-04-2025vc-of-ku-nainital-prof-diwan-singh-rawat-gave-a-presentation-on-the-progress-of-research-work-under-the-one-university-one-research-program-before-the-governor/ | website= Rajbhavan Uttarakhand|access-date= October 8, 2025}}</ref>

He is a Fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Fellows Elected 2025 |url= https://insaindia.res.in/recent-elected-fellows | website= INSAIndia |access-date= October 8, 2025}}</ref> [[National Academy of Sciences, India|National Academy of Sciences]] (FNASc) India, Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC), and Chartered Chemist ( CChem) from London.<ref>{{cite web |title= Professor Diwan S Rawat Of Delhi University Elected Fellow Of Indian National Science Academy |url= https://www.freepressjournal.in/education/professor-diwan-s-rawat-of-delhi-university-elected-fellow-of-indian-national-science-academy | website= Free Press Journal |access-date= October 8, 2025}}</ref>

== Life and career ==

Diwan S Rawat was born on January 1, 1970. He pursued his master's degree from [[Kumaun University]], Nainital, and Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry from the [[Central Drug Research Institute]], Lucknow. Having worked for two years in the Pharmaceutical Industry in India, he moved to the USA where he completed his postdoctoral studies or research at Indiana University and Purdue University.<ref>{{cite web |title= Professor Diwan S Rawat |url= https://kunainital.ac.in/read-pdf?slug=assets/documents/about-ku/ds-rawat-cv.pdf&i=0| website= Kunainital|access-date= October 11, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Expressed happiness over the honor to the vice chancellor |url= https://www.livehindustan.com/uttarakhand/nainital/story-kumaun-university-vice-chancellor-prof-diwan-singh-rawat-honored-with-fellow-of-national-academy-award-201757590048121.html | website= Live Hindustan |date= 11 September 2025 |access-date= October 8, 2025}}</ref>

He is a professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Delhi. Previously, he worked as an assistant professor in the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, [[National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research|National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research]] (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India. Prof Rawat is also a visiting professor at [[Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology]] (JAIST), Japan.<ref>{{cite web |title= Professor Diwan S Rawat |url= https://kunainital.ac.in/read-pdf?slug=assets/documents/about-ku/ds-rawat-cv.pdf&i=0| website= Kunainital|access-date= October 11, 2025}}</ref>

Professor Diwan S Rawat has contributed to the field of medicinal chemistry. He is known for his research on drug development of [[Parkinson's disease|Parkinson's]] treatment.<ref>{{cite web |title= Delhi University researchers offer glimmer of hope on Parkinson's cure |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/du-researchers-offer-glimmer-of-hope-on-parkinsons-cure/articleshow/99567163.cms | website= Times of India |date=18 April 2023 |access-date= October 8, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= HanAll Biopharma, Daewoong Pharmaceutical and NurrOn Pharmaceuticals Announce Successful Completion of a First-in-Human Study for Potential Disease-Modifying Therapy for Parkinson's Disease|url=https://hanall.com/board_view.php?bo_table=press&idx=100| website= Hanall |access-date= October 11, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Woori |last2=Tripathi |first2=Mohit |last3=Kim |first3=Chunhyung |last4=Vardhineni |first4=Satyapavan |last5=Cha |first5=Young |last6=Kandi |first6=Shamseer Kulangara |last7=Feitosa |first7=Melissa |last8=Kholiya |first8=Rohit |last9=Sah |first9=Eric |last10=Thakur |first10=Anuj |last11=Kim |first11=Yehan |last12=Ko |first12=Sanghyeok |last13=Bhatia |first13=Kaiya |last14=Manohar |first14=Sunny |last15=Kong |first15=Young-Bin |last16=Sindhu |first16=Gagandeep |last17=Kim |first17=Yoon-Seong |last18=Cohen |first18=Bruce |last19=Rawat |first19=Diwan S. |last20=Kim |first20=Kwang-Soo |title= An optimized Nurr1 agonist provides disease-modifying effects in Parkinson's disease models| journal= Nature Communications |date=2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |article-number=4283 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39970-9 |pmid=37463889 |pmc=10354055 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4283K }}</ref>

He served as the associate editor of Scientific Reports (Nature Publisher), Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, and RSC Advances. He is on the editorial board of Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, Chemistry and Biology Interface, Marine Drugs, and other journals.<ref>{{cite web |title= ISCB Awards1 |url= https://iscbindia.com/phocadownload/iscb-awards/iscb-awards-result-2022.pdf | website= ISCB India|access-date= October 8, 2025}}</ref>

== Awards and Honors==

* [[VASVIK Industrial Research Award]] in the category of Biological Sciences and Technology for his contribution to the synthesis of small organic molecules as potential drugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, cancer, and tuberculosis.<ref>{{cite web |title= Biological Sciences & Technology |url= https://www.vasvik.org/biological-sciences-technology/ | website= Vasvik|access-date= October 11, 2025}}</ref>
* Fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] (INSA) (2025).
* Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences (FNASc), (2021)
* ISCB Excellence Award in Drug Research<ref>{{cite web |title= ISCB Awards1 |url= https://iscbindia.com/phocadownload/iscb-awards/iscb-awards-result-2022.pdf | website= ISCB India|access-date= October 8, 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=KAstcywAAAAJ&hl=en Google Scholar Profile]
* [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Diwan-Rawat Researchgate Profile]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rawat, Diwan Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:Kumaun University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian chemists]]
[[Category:Indian organic chemists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]

Harishchandra

2026-03-25T23:47:44Z

Prakashmishra1991: improved article

{{short description|King in Hindu literature}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image = Harishchandra by RRV.jpg
| caption = Harishchandra and his family are separated and sold into bondage
| father = [[Trishanku]]
| spouse =
* [[Shaivya (wife of Harishchandra)|Shaivya]] (chief queen)<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zdkswFlJtjQC&dq=harishchandra+taramati&pg=PA76 | isbn=9780892818709 | title=Indian Mythology: Tales, Symbols, and Rituals from the Heart of the Subcontinent | date=24 April 2003 | publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Co }}</ref>
* 99 junior wives<ref>{{cite web | title=Story of Viśvāmitra | date=28 January 2019 | url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc242072.html }}</ref>
| children = [[Rohitashva]]
| texts = [[Markandeya Purana]]
| dynasty = [[Suryavamsha]]
}}{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}

'''Harishchandra''' ({{Langx|sa|हरिश्चन्द्र|translit=Hariścandra}}) is a legendary king of the [[Solar dynasty]], who appears in several legends in texts such as the ''[[Aitareya Brahmana]]'', ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the ''[[Markandeya Purana]]'', and the ''[[Devi-Bhagavata Purana|Devi Bhagavata Purana]]''. The most famous of these stories is the one mentioned in the ''[[Markandeya Purana]]''. According to this legend, Harishchandra gave away his kingdom, sold his family, and agreed to be a slave – all to fulfill a promise he had made to the sage [[Vishwamitra|Vishvamitra]].

== Legend ==

=== Aitareya Brahmana ===
According to a legend mentioned in ''[[Aitareya Brahamana]]'', Harishchandra had one hundred wives, but no son. On advice of the sage [[Narada]], he prayed to the deity [[Varuna]] for a son. Varuna granted the boon, in exchange for an assurance that Harishchandra would make a sacrifice to Varuna in the future. As a result of this boon, a son named Rohita (or [[Rohitashva]]) was born to the king. After his birth, Varuna came to Harishchandra and demanded that the child be sacrificed to him. The king postponed the sacrifice multiple times citing various reasons, but finally agreed to it when Rohita became an adult. Rohita refused to be sacrificed and escaped to the forest. An angry Varuna afflicted Harishchandra with a stomach illness. Rohita intermittently visited his father, but on the advice of [[Indra]], never agreed to the sacrifice. Later, Rohita managed to substitute himself with [[Sunahshepa]] in the human sacrifice. Sunahshepa prayed to the Rigvedic deities, and was saved from the sacrifice. Harishchandra's illness was also cured because of Sunahshepa's prayers; Sunahshepa was adopted by the sage [[Vishvamitra]].<ref name="David_1991">{{Cite book
| title = Myths of the Dog-Man
| author = David Gordon White
| year = 1991
| publisher = University of Chicago Press
| pages = 81–82
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=glmjo9UrP2YC&pg=PA81
| isbn = 9780226895093
}}</ref>

A similar story is narrated in the ''[[Ramayana]]'', but the king's name is [[Ambarisha]] instead of Harishchandra.<ref name="David_1993">{{Cite book
| title = The Hungry God: Hindu Tales of Filicide and Devotion
| author1 = David Shulman | author1-link = David Dean Shulman
| year = 1993
| chapter = Sunahsepa: The Riddle of Fathers and Sons
| publisher = University of Chicago Press
| pages = 87–105
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=eOgnapMK3PwC&pg=PA87
| isbn = 9780226755717
}}</ref><ref name="Wendy_1993">{{Cite book
| title = Asian Mythologies
| author1 = Yves Bonnefoy | author1-link = Yves Bonnefoy
| author2 = Wendy Doniger | author2-link = Wendy Doniger
| year = 1993
| publisher = University of Chicago Press
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=r4I-FsZCzJEC&pg=PA54
| isbn = 9780226064567
}}</ref>

=== Puranic legend ===
[[File:What'er though, Great sage.jpg|thumb|Harishchandra and Vishvamitra]]In the [[Puranas]], Harishchandra is the son of [[Trishanku]]. The ''[[Vishnu Purana]]'' mentions him, but does not describe his life in detail. The ''[[Markandeya Purana]]'' contains a detailed legend about his life, narrated by wise birds to the sage [[Jaimini]].<ref name="BKC_2004">{{Cite book
| title = Original Sanskrit Texts on the Origin and History of the People of India, Their Religion and Institutions
| edition = 2
| author = John Muuir
| year = 1868
| publisher = Trübner
| pages = 379–387
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VGPZAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA379
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book
| title = Markandeya Purana
| author = B.K. Chaturvedi
| year = 2004
| publisher = Diamond
| pages = 19–28
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KxuerJwnuKsC&pg=PA19
| isbn = 9788128805776
}}</ref> The ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'' mentions him as the father of Sagara and grandfather of Badaka, and contains a legend about his descendants.<ref>{{Cite book
| title = Shrimad Bhagwat Purana
| author = B.K. Chaturvedi
| year = 2002
| publisher = Diamond
| pages = 71–72
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ygNq9KaawdQC&pg=PA71
| isbn = 9788171828319
}}</ref>

{{Hindu mythology}}

==== ''Markandeya Purana'' ====
The ''[[Markandeya Purana]]'' legend is as follows:<ref name="BKC_2004" />

King Harishchandra lived in the [[Treta Yuga]]. He was an honest, noble king. His subjects enjoyed prosperity and peace. He had a queen named Shaivya (also called Taramati) and a son named [[Rohitashva]]. Once, while on a hunting expedition, he heard the cries of a woman asking for help. Armed with a bow and arrow, he went in the direction of the sound. The sound was an illusion created by Vighnaraja, the lord of the obstacles. Vighnaraja was trying to disturb the ''[[Tapas (Sanskrit)|tapasya]]'' (meditation) of the sage [[Vishwamitra|Vishvamitra]]. This disturbed Vishwamitra's ''tapasya'', and destroyed all the knowledge that the sage had acquired during this ''tapasya''.

When Harishchandra came to his senses, he realized that the sage was extremely angry with him, and apologized. He promised to fulfill any of the sage's desires to get rid of his guilt. Vishvamitra demanded ''[[dakshina]]'' (donation) for his [[rajasuya]] [[yajna]]. The king asked him what he wanted in payment. In response, Vishvamitra said "Give me all that you have except yourself, your wife and your child." Harishchandra agreed to the demand. He let go of all his possessions – even his clothes. As he readied to leave his palace with his family, Vishvamitra demanded another donation. Harishchandra said that he did not have any possession left, but promised to make another donation within a month.

Harishchandra started living in penury with his wife and his family. His loyal subjects followed him. When Vishvamitra saw the king with his subjects, he started cursing Harishchandra for taking along his subjects (who were a part of the kingdom donated to the sage). The king then decided to leave the kingdom with his family. To make them go away sooner, Vishvamitra started beating the queen with a stick. When the five [[guardians of the directions]] saw this, they condemned Vishvamitra. The sage cursed them to be born as human beings. These guardian deities were born as the sons of the [[Pandava]]s and [[Draupadi]].

Nearly a month after leaving his kingdom, Harishchandra arrived in the holy city of [[Varanasi|Kashi]], only to see Vishvamitra already present there. The sage demanded the donation that the king had promised him. Harishchandra pointed out that there was still some time left in completion of one month. The sage agreed to come back at the next sunset and departed. As his hungry son cried for food, Harishchandra worried how would he be able to make a donation to the sage. His wife Shaivya suggested that he sell her to get some money. After some hesitation, Harishchandra accepted the proposal and sold her to an elderly man. Their child would not let go of his mother, so it was decided that he would accompany his mother (and an extra payment was made for him).

Soon after, Vishvamitra appeared again and demanded the donation. Harishchandra gave him all the money he had received from the sale of his wife and son. However, Vishvamitra was unhappy with the donation, and demanded more. Harishchandra then decided to sell himself. An [[Untouchability|outcaste]] ''[[chandala]]'' (actually [[Yama]] in disguise) offered to buy him, but Harishchandra's self-respect as a high-caste [[Kshatriya]] would not allow this. He instead offered to be Vishwamitra's slave. Vishvamitra agreed, but then declared "Since you are my slave, you must obey me. I sell you to this ''chandala'' in exchange of gold coins." The ''chandala'' paid the sage, and took along Harishchandra as a slave.

The ''chandala'' employed Harishchandra as a worker at his [[Cremation|cremation ground]]. He directed Harishchandra to collect fees for every body cremated there: a part of the fee would go to the ''chandala'', a part would be given to the local king, and the rest would be Harishchandra's remuneration. Harishchandra started living and working at the cremation ground. One day, he dreamed about his past lives, and realized that his current condition was a result of his past sins. During this nightmare, he also saw his queen crying before him. When he woke up, he saw his queen actually crying before him. She held the dead body of their son, who had died of a snake bite. Thinking of his misfortune, Harishchandra contemplated suicide, but realized that he would continue to pay for his sins in his next life.

Meanwhile, the queen readied to cremate their son's cadaver. But, Harishchandra told her that he would not let her do so without paying the fee. Meanwhile, all the deities appeared led by Yama and accompanied by Vishvamitra. They praised Harishchandra for his good qualities, and invited him to heaven.

But Harishchandra refused to go to heaven without his public who have lamented over his departure from his kingdom. He believes that they are the equal sharer in his merits and that he will only go heaven when his people also accompany him. He requested the king of devas, Indra to allow his people to go to heaven at least for a single day. Indra accepts his request, and he along with his people ascend to the heaven.

After his ascension to heaven, [[Vashistha]] – the sage of Harishchandra's royal dynasty – ended his ''[[Tapas (Indian religions)|tapasya]]'' of twelve years. He learned of what had happened to Harishchandra during these years. He quarreled with Vishvamitra, but was ultimately pacified by [[Brahma]]. Brahma explained to him that Vishvamitra was only testing the king, and had actually helped him ascend to [[Svarga|heaven]].

==== Devi Bhagavata Purana ====
The ''[[Devi-Bhagavata Purana|Devi Bhagavata Purana]]'' contains a story similar to the one mentioned in the ''Markandeya Purana'', but also contains a reference to the ''Aitareya Brahamana'' legend. This legend is narrated by [[Vyasa]] to [[Janamejaya II|Janamejaya]]. It starts with Vashistha – the sage of Harishchandra's royal dynasty – praising the king's honesty and noble character. Vishvamitra objects to this, pointing out that Harishchandra was ready to sacrifice [[Sunahshepa]], a human. He promises to prove that Harishchandra is not of noble character, and tricks the king into breaking his ''tapasya''. The rest of the story is similar to the ''Markandeya Purana'' version, with minor variations.<ref>{{Cite book
| title = Devi Bhagwat Purana
| author = B.K. Chaturvedi
| year = 2001
| publisher = Diamond
| pages = 84–86
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=kBPy-fsnY3AC&pg=PA84
| isbn = 9788171828326
}}</ref>

=== Mahabharata ===
In ''[[Mahabharata]]'', [[Narada]] tells [[Yudhishthira]] that Harishchandra is a ''rajarshi'' (king-sage), and the only earthly king who finds a place in the assembly of gods. According to Narada, Harishchandra was a powerful emperor, and all the kings on earth accepted his suzerainty. He performed the [[rajasuya]] yajna. After completing the rituals, he gratified the [[Brahmin]]s with delicacies, gave them what they wanted and gifted them jewels. For this reason, he finds a place alongside [[Indra]] (the king of the gods).<ref>{{Cite book
| title = The Mahabharata, Volume 2
| author = Bibek Debroy
| year = 2015
| publisher = Penguin
| page = 95
| isbn = 9788184754032
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Tz2FHQcx_M8C&pg=PT95
}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
{{citations needed|section|date=September 2025}}
Poet [[Raghavanka]]'s ''Harishchandra Literature'' from 12th century in [[Kannada language]] is a very popular and acclaimed epic on the life of Harishchandra.

Harishchandra has been the subject of many films in India. The earliest is ''[[Raja Harishchandra]]'' from 1913, written and directed by [[Dhundiraj Govind Phalke]]. It was the first full-length Indian feature film.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090520175801/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/249829/Raja-Harishchandra/overview Overview] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref> The first "talkie" of [[Marathi cinema]], ''[[Ayodhyecha Raja]]'' (1932) directed by [[V. Shantaram]], was also based on his life, starring [[Govindrao Tembe]] and [[Durga Khote]] in the lead roles. The film was later remade under the name ''Ayodhya Ka Raja'' (1932) in [[Hindi]], making it the first double-language talkie of [[Indian cinema]].<ref>[http://www.filmtvguild.in/milestones.htm The Firsts of Indian Cinema: Milestones from 1896 to 2000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719114936/http://www.filmtvguild.in/milestones.htm |date=19 July 2011 }} Film and Television Producers Guild of India</ref>

Telugu cinema has also produced films on this Hindu mythological subject: in 1935 one titled ''Harishchandra'' was directed by [[P. Pullaiah]] starring Addanki Srirama Murthy and [[P. Kannamba]]; in 1960 another with the same title was directed by Jampana Chandrashekara Rao and starred [[S. V. Ranga Rao]] and [[C. Lakshmi Rajyam]]. The acclaimed [[Satya Harishchandra (1965 Telugu film)]] was produced and directed by [[K. V. Reddy]] under Vijaya Productions. It stars [[N. T. Rama Rao]] and [[S. Varalakshmi]]. K. V. Reddy produced the film simultaneously in [[Kannada]] with the same title, starring [[Dr. Rajkumar]].

[[K. B. Nagabhushanam]] directed [[Harischandra (1944 film)]] in Tamil starring [[P. U. Chinnappa]] and [[P. Kannamba]]. In later years it was remade again in Tamil with the title of [[Harichandra (1968 film)]], directed by [[K. S. Prakash Rao]] starring [[Sivaji Ganesan]] and [[G. Varalakshmi]] which was popularly acclaimed for acting and dialogue. Also, in Tamil popular colloquial usage, Raja Harishchandra is synonymous with absolute adherence to the truth. A person is often chided as being "a Raja Harishchandra", if he tries to cling to truth even to the detriment of those related to him.

The Kannada epic [[Satya Harishchandra (1965 Kannada film)]] was based on 12th century Hoysala poet [[Raghavanka]]'s work, ''Harishchandra Kavya'' starring [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]. At the [[13th National Film Awards]], the film was awarded the President's silver medal for the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada|Best Feature Film in Kannada]]. The film was hugely successful at its release and is considered a milestone in [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada cinema]]. ''Satya Harishchandra'' was the third Indian and first South Indian film to be digitally coloured. The coloured version, released in April 2008, was a commercial success.

In 1985, a [[Bengali language]] film ''[[Harishchandra Shaibya]]'' was released based on the life of King Harishchandra. This film was directed by Ardhendu Chatterjee. It also said that Harishchandra was a truthful man, who never lied and is therefore also called ''Satyavadi'' (one who always speaks the truth). [[The king and the god|The king and the god tale]] was based on him.

== Shrines ==
* A temple of Harishchandra is situated in Harishchandra Pimpri, [[Wadwani]] taluka, [[Beed district]], [[Maharashtra]]
* The cremation ground of [[Varanasi|Kashi]] - (modern name [[Varanasi]]) is named [[v:The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Harishcandra Ghat| Harishcandra Ghat]]

== See also ==
* [[Chandrahasa]]
* [[Bharata (Mahabharata)|Bharata]]
*[[Solar dynasty|Suryavamsha]]
*''[[The king and the god]]''

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Solar dynasty]]
[[Category:Legendary Indian people]]
[[Category:Legendary monarchs]]
[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Mythological kings of Kosala]]

Gitanjali

2026-03-15T05:40:16Z

Prakashmishra1991: Revised and enhanced article content

{{Short description|Collection of poems by Rabindranath Tagore}}
{{About|the collection of poems by [[Rabindranath Tagore]]||Geetanjali (disambiguation)}}
__NOTOC__
{{Infobox book
| name = Gitanjali
| image =
| alt =
| caption = Title page
| author = {{ubl|[[Rabindranath Tagore]]}}
| title_orig = গীতাঞ্জলি
| translator =
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = [[British Raj|British India]]
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| series =
| subject = Devotion to God
| genre = Poem
| publisher =
| pub_date = {{Date and age|df=yes|1910|08|04}}
| english_pub_date = {{Date and age|df=yes|1912}}
| media_type =
| pages = 104
| isbn =
| oclc =
| dewey =
| congress =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| wikisource =
}}

'''''Gitanjali''''' ({{langx|bn|গীতাঞ্জলি|lit='Song offering'}}) is a collection of [[poems]] by the [[Bengali poet]] [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. Tagore received the [[Nobel Prize for Literature]] in 1913, for its English translation, ''[[Song Offerings]]'', making him the first non-European and the first [[Asian people|Asian]] and the only [[Indian people|Indian]] to receive this honour.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gitanjali|title=Gītāñjali | poetry by Tagore|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref>

It is part of the [[UNESCO Collection of Representative Works]]. Its central theme is devotion, and its motto is "I am here to sing thee songs" (No. XV).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Summary of Gitanjali by Rabindranath Tagore{{!}} Kaitholil.com |url=https://kaitholil.com/blog/summary-of-gitanjali-rabindranath-tagore |access-date=2022-07-30 |website=kaitholil.com |archive-date=2022-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210123140/https://kaitholil.com/blog/summary-of-gitanjali-rabindranath-tagore |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History==
The collection by Tagore, originally written in Bengali, comprises 157 poems, many of which have been turned into songs or [[Rabindra Sangeet]]. The original [[Bengali language|Bengali]] collection was published on 4 August 1910. The translated version, ''Gitanjali: Song Offerings'', was published in November 1912 by the [[India Society]] of London. It contained translations of 53 poems from the original ''Gitanjali'', as well as 50 other poems extracted from Tagore's ''Achalayatan'', ''Gitimalya'', ''[[Naibedya]]'', ''[[Kheya]]'', and more. Overall, ''Gitanjali: Song Offerings'' consists of 103 prose poems of Tagore's own English translations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhowmick |first=Abira |date=2023-08-27 |title=When Worlds Collide: Tagore, Yeats, and the Phenomenon of Gitanjali |url=https://www.brainwareuniversity.ac.in/celebrating-tagore/when-worlds-collide-tagore-yeats-and-the-phenomenon-of-gitanjali/ |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=Celebrating Tagore - The Man, The Poet and The Musician |language=en-US}}</ref> The poems were based on medieval Indian lyrics of devotion with a common theme of love across most poems. Some poems also narrated a conflict between the [[Economic materialism|desire for materialistic possessions]] and spiritual longing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gitanjali|title=Gītāñjali | poetry by Tagore|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gitanjali by Rabindranath Tagore |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/tagore/gitnjali.htm |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

==Reworking in other languages==
{{Main article|Song Offerings}}

The English version of ''Gitanjali'' or ''Song Offerings/Singing Angel'' is a collection of 103 English [[prose poem]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gitanjali|title=Gītāñjali | poetry by Tagore|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> which are Tagore's own English translations of his Bengali poems, first published in November 1912 by the [[Royal India Society|India Society]] in London. It contained translations of 53 poems from the original Bengali ''Gitanjali'', as well as 50 other poems from his other works.<ref name="The Criterion">{{cite web|last=Ghosal|first=Sukriti|title=The Language of Gitanjali: the Paradoxical Matrix|url=http://www.the-criterion.com/V3/n2/Sukriti.pdf|work=The Criterion: An International Journal in English|access-date=14 August 2012}}</ref> The translations were often radical, leaving out or altering large chunks of the poem and in one instance fusing two separate poems (song 95, which unifies songs 89 and 90 of ''Naivedya'').<ref name="GB">{{cite book |via=Google Books |last=Sukriti|title=Gitanjali: Song Offerings |date=2011 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-670-08542-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nEiLMy5hDsC&q=Gitanjali |access-date=8 April 2017}}</ref> The English ''Gitanjali'' became popular in the West, and was widely translated.<ref name="schoolofwisdom.com">{{cite web |author=Gitanjali: Selected Poems |url=http://www.schoolofwisdom.com/history/teachers/rabindranath-tagore/gitanjali/ |title=Gitanjali: Selected Poems |publisher=School of Wisdom |date=2010-07-30 |access-date=2012-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721220852/http://www.schoolofwisdom.com/history/teachers/rabindranath-tagore/gitanjali/ |archive-date=2012-07-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Stream of Life]], the ''Gitanjali'' poem #69, reworked by composer [[Garry Schyman]] as lyrics for the song "[[Stream of Life#In popular culture|Praan]]"

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{commonscatinline}}
*{{Wikisource-inline}}
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/rabindranath-tagore/gitanjali}}
{{Rabindranath Tagore |state=uncollapsed}}
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.brainwareuniversity.ac.in/celebrating-tagore/when-worlds-collide-tagore-yeats-and-the-phenomenon-of-gitanjali/ | title=When Worlds Collide: Tagore, Yeats, and the Phenomenon of Gitanjali | date=27 August 2023 }}</ref>
[[Category:Poetry collections by Rabindranath Tagore]]
[[Category:1910 poetry books]]
[[Category:Poems in Bengali]]
[[Category:Bengali poetry collections]]
[[Category:Bengali-language books]]

Dependent territory

2026-03-15T03:01:22Z

Prakashmishra1991:

{{Short description|Territory that does not possess full political independence as a sovereign state}}
{{About|external territories which have a greater degree of autonomy from their parent state and function as separate political entities|subnational administrative divisions which have some degree of autonomy under the national government|Autonomous administrative division}}

{{Forms of government|expanded=Client state}}

A '''dependent territory''', '''dependent area''', or '''dependency''' (sometimes referred as an '''external territory''') is a [[territory]] that does not possess full political [[independence]] or [[sovereignty]] as a [[sovereign state]] but remains politically outside the controlling state's integral area.

A dependent territory is commonly distinguished from a [[administrative division|country subdivision]] by being considered not to be a constituent part of a sovereign state. An administrative subdivision, instead, is understood to be a division of a state proper. A dependent territory, conversely, often maintains a great degree of autonomy from its controlling state. Historically, most colonies were considered to be dependent territories. Not all autonomous entities are considered to be dependent territories.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en/history/international-trusteeship-system-and-trust-territories|title=International Trusteeship System and Trust Territories | The United Nations and Decolonization|website=United Nations }}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=October 2020}} Most inhabited, dependent territories have their own [[ISO 3166]] country codes.

Some political entities inhabit a special position guaranteed by an international treaty or another agreement, thereby creating a certain level of autonomy (e.g. a difference in immigration rules). Those entities are sometimes considered to be, or are at least grouped with, dependent territories,<ref name="The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories">{{Cite web|url=http://unyearbook.un.org/1960YUN/1960_P1_SEC3_CH4.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320074502/http://unyearbook.un.org/1960YUN/1960_P1_SEC3_CH4.pdf|url-status=dead|title=United Nations General Assembly 15th Session – The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories (pages:509–510)|archive-date=March 20, 2012}}</ref> but are officially considered by their governing states to be an integral part of those states.<ref name="The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories"/> Such an example is [[Åland]], an [[Regions of Finland#Åland|autonomous region of Finland]] or [[Hong Kong]], a [[Special administrative regions of China|special administrative region]] of [[China]]

==Summary==
The lists below include the following:

===Dependent territories===
[[File:Unnamed glacial canyon, northern Greenland (6993811096).jpg|thumb|Greenland, an [[autonomous territory]] of Denmark in North America]]

* Two states in free association, one dependent territory, and one Antarctic claim in the [[#New Zealand|listing for New Zealand]]
* One uninhabited territory and two Antarctic claims in the [[#Norway|listing for Norway]]
* 13 overseas territories (ten autonomous, two used primarily as military bases, and one uninhabited), three Crown dependencies, and one Antarctic claim in the [[#United Kingdom|listing for the United Kingdom]]
* 13 unincorporated territories (five inhabited and eight uninhabited) and two claimed but uncontrolled territories in the [[#United States|listing for the United States]]

===Similar entities===
* Six external territories (three inhabited and three uninhabited) and one Antarctic claim in the [[#Australia|listing for Australia]]
* Two special administrative regions in the [[#China|listing for China]]
* Two self-governing territories with autonomy in internal affairs in the [[#Denmark|listing for Denmark]]
* One autonomous region governed according to an act and international treaties in the [[#Finland|listing for Finland]]
* Five autonomous overseas collectivities, one ''sui generis'' collectivity, and two uninhabited overseas territories (one of which includes an Antarctic claim) in the [[#France|listing for France]]
* Three constituent countries with autonomy in internal affairs in the [[#Netherlands|listing for the Netherlands]]
* One internal territory with limited sovereignty in the [[#Norway 2|listing for Norway]]

[[File:Palm Beach, Aruba (4901990402).jpg|thumb|[[Aruba]], a dependent territory of the Netherlands in [[Caribbean|the Caribbean]]]]
[[File:Dependent territories.svg|thumb|center|600px|Dependent territories and their sovereign states. All territories are labeled according to [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2|ISO 3166-1]]{{refn|group=note|Each territory in the [[United States Minor Outlying Islands]] is labeled '''UM-''' followed by the first letter of its name and another unique letter if needed.}} or with numbers.{{refn|group=note|The following territories do not have [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2|ISO 3166-1]] codes: '''1''': [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]] '''2''': [[Ashmore and Cartier Islands]] '''3''': [[Coral Sea Islands]]}} Coloured areas without labels are integral parts of their respective countries. [[Antarctica]] is shown as a [[condominium (international law)|condominium]] instead of [[territorial claims in Antarctica|individual claims]].]]

==Lists of dependent territories==
This list includes all territories that have not been legally incorporated into their governing state, including several territories that are not on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories|list of non-self-governing territories]] of the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly of the United Nations]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories (1945-1999) |url=https://www.un.org/en/decolonization/nonselfgov.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112191222/https://www.un.org/en/decolonization/nonselfgov.shtml |archive-date=12 January 2017 |access-date=20 Jan 2023 |website=United Nations}}</ref> All claims in [[Antarctica]] are listed in ''italics''.

===New Zealand===
{{Main|Realm of New Zealand}}

[[New Zealand]] has two [[political status of the Cook Islands and Niue|self-governing associated states]], one dependent territory, and a territorial claim in Antarctica.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Salesa |first1=Damon Ieremia |title=Island time : New Zealand's Pacific futures |date=2017 |publisher=Bridget Williams Books |location=Wellington, New Zealand |isbn=9781988533506 |pages=6–7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AtdBDwAAQBAJ}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=April 2024}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Associated state !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|Cook Islands}} || Self-governing state in free association with New Zealand since 1965. Cook Islands' status is considered to be equivalent to independence for international law purposes, and the country exercises full sovereignty over its internal and external affairs.<ref name="justice.govt.nz">{{cite web|url=http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/publications-archived/2000/pacific-peoples-constitution-report-september-2000/documents/Bibliography.doc|title=Find a publication | New Zealand Ministry of Justice|access-date=2013-11-14|archive-date=2016-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429042126/http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/publications-archived/2000/pacific-peoples-constitution-report-september-2000/documents/Bibliography.doc|url-status=dead}}</ref> Under the terms of the free association agreement, however, New Zealand retains some responsibility for the foreign relations and defence of the Cook Islands. These responsibilities confer no rights of control and are exercised only at the request of the Cook Islands Government. The government of New Zealand does not consider it appropriate for the Cook Islands to have a separate seat at the United Nations, due to its continued use of the right of Cook Islanders to have [[New Zealand nationality law|New Zealand citizenship]].<ref name="Cook Islands UN">{{cite web|url=http://hpr2.org/post/pacific-news-minute-cook-islands-bid-un-membership-hold|title=Pacific News Minute: Cook Islands Bid for UN Membership On Hold|first=Neal|last=Conan|publisher=Hawai'i Public Radio|date=11 August 2015|access-date=6 April 2019|archive-date=9 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209114008/http://www.hpr2.org/post/pacific-news-minute-cook-islands-bid-un-membership-hold|url-status=dead}}</ref>|| [[ISO 3166-2:CK|CK]]
|-
| {{flag|Niue}} || Self-governing state in free association with New Zealand since 1974. Niue's status is considered to be equivalent to independence for international law purposes, and the country exercises full sovereignty over its internal and external affairs.<ref name="justice.govt.nz"/> Under the terms of the free association agreement, however, New Zealand retains some responsibility for the foreign relations and defence of Niue. These responsibilities confer no rights of control and are exercised only at the request of the Government of Niue. The government of New Zealand does not consider it appropriate for Niue to have a separate seat at the United Nations, due to its continued use of the right of Niueans to have [[New Zealand nationality law|New Zealand citizenship]].<ref name="Cook Islands UN"/> || [[ISO 3166-2:NU|NU]]
|-
! Dependent territory !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|Tokelau}} || Territory of New Zealand. A UN-sponsored referendum on self-governance in [[2006 Tokelauan self-determination referendum|February 2006]] did not produce the two-thirds [[supermajority]] necessary for changing the current political status. Another one was in [[2007 Tokelauan self-determination referendum|October 2007]], which failed to reach the two-thirds margin.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Connell |first1=John |editor1-last=Baldacchino |editor1-first=Godfrey |editor2-last=Milne |editor2-first=David |title=The case for non-sovereignty : lessons from sub-national island jurisdictions |date=2009 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415455503 |pages=157–168 |url=https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/21071 |chapter=‘We are not ready’ : colonialism or autonomy in Tokelau}}</ref> Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:TK|TK]]
|-
! Dependent territory (uninhabited, claimed) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| ''{{flag|Ross Dependency}}'' || This is New Zealand's [[territorial claims in Antarctica|Antarctic claim]]. Unlike Tokelau and the associated states (Cook Islands and Niue), the Ross Dependency is, according to the New Zealand government, constitutionally part of New Zealand.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100522033422/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/1-New-Zealand-and-Antarctica/index.php New Zealand and Antarctica]. NZ Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 2010</ref> || No unique ISO 3166 country codes
|}

===Norway===
{{Main|Dependencies of Norway}}

[[Norway]] has one dependent territory and two Antarctic claims. Norway also possesses the inhabited islands of [[Svalbard]] where Norwegian sovereignty is limited ([[#Norway 2|see below]]).

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Dependent territory (uninhabited) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|Bouvet Island}} || Dependency administered from [[Oslo]] by the Polar Affairs Department of the [[Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police|Ministry of Justice and the Police]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:BV|BV]]
|-
! Dependent territory (uninhabited, claimed) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| ''{{flag|Peter I Island}}'' || rowspan=2 | Dependencies (subject to the [[Antarctic Treaty System]]) administered from [[Oslo]] by the Polar Affairs Department of the [[Minister of Justice and the Police (Norway)|Ministry of Justice and the Police]]. || rowspan="2" | No unique ISO 3166 country codes
|-
| ''{{flag|Queen Maud Land}}''
|}

===United Kingdom===
{{Main|British Overseas Territories|Crown Dependencies}}

The [[United Kingdom]] has three "[[Crown Dependencies]]", thirteen "Overseas Territories" (ten autonomous, two used primarily as military bases, and one uninhabited), and one Antarctic claim.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Crown Dependency !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|Bailiwick of Guernsey|name=Guernsey}} || rowspan="3"| Responsibility for defence, international representation, and [[good government]] rests with the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|title=Guernsey at the CIA's page|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guernsey/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112224552/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guernsey|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 12, 2021|publisher=CIA|access-date=2010-07-15|author=CIA|date=2010-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jersey at the CIA's page|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jersey/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113013826/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jersey|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 13, 2021|publisher=CIA|access-date=2010-07-15|author=CIA|date=2010-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Isle of Man at the CIA's page|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/isle-of-man/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112154850/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/isle-of-man|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 12, 2021|publisher=CIA|access-date=2010-07-15|author=CIA|date=2010-07-15}}</ref>
|| [[ISO 3166-2:GG|GG]]
|-
| {{flag|Isle of Man}} || [[ISO 3166-2:IM|IM]]
|-
| {{flag|Jersey}} || [[ISO 3166-2:JE|JE]]
|-
! Overseas Territory !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|Anguilla}} || [[Anguilla House of Assembly|House of Assembly of Anguilla]] handles domestic affairs. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:AI|AI]]
|-
| {{flag|Bermuda}} || [[Parliament of Bermuda]] handles domestic affairs and the territory is defined by the U.K. as self-governing. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:BM|BM]]
|-
| {{flag|British Virgin Islands}} || [[House of Assembly of the British Virgin Islands]] handles domestic affairs. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]] || [[ISO 3166-2:VG|VG]]
|-
| {{flag|Cayman Islands}} || [[Parliament of the Cayman Islands]] handles domestic affairs. Almost complete internal self-government. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:KY|KY]]
|-
| {{flag|Falkland Islands}} || [[Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands]] handles domestic affairs. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:FK|FK]]
|-
| {{flag|Gibraltar}} || [[Gibraltar Parliament]] handles domestic affairs. Almost complete internal self-government. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:GI|GI]]
|-
| {{flag|Montserrat}} || [[Legislative Council of Montserrat]] handles domestic affairs. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:MS|MS]]
|-
| {{flag|Pitcairn Islands}} || [[Island Council (Pitcairn)|Island Council of the Pitcairn Islands]] handles some domestic affairs, however decisions are subject to approval by the [[Governor of the Pitcairn Islands]], reporting to the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]]. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:PN|PN]]
|-
| {{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}} || [[Legislative Council of Saint Helena]], [[Ascension Island Council]] and [[Tristan da Cunha Island Council]] handle domestic affairs. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:SH|SH]]
|-
| {{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} || [[Turks and Caicos Islands House of Assembly|House of Assembly of the Turks and Caicos Islands]] handles some domestic affairs. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:TC|TC]]
|-
! Overseas Territory (Sovereign Base Areas) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|Akrotiri and Dhekelia}} || Two sovereign base areas administered as a single British overseas territory by the Commander of [[British Forces Cyprus]], reporting to the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]]. Permanent Cypriot population, as well as British military personnel and their families. || No unique ISO 3166 country codes
|-
! Overseas Territory (uninhabited) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}} || Administered by the [[Commissioner for the British Indian Ocean Territory]], reporting to the [[Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office]]. The [[Chagossians|Indigenous Chagossian population]] was removed between 1967 and 1973. Presently the territory is restricted to military personnel, principally at the joint U.K.-U.S. naval base on the atoll of [[Diego Garcia]]. Per a 2025 agreement, the territory is set to be ceded to [[Mauritius]] in the near future.<ref name="b497">{{cite web | last=Loft | first=Philip | title=2025 treaty on the British Indian Ocean Territory/Chagos Archipelago | website=House of Commons Library | date=2025-05-31 | url=https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-10273/ | access-date=2025-05-31}}</ref>|| [[ISO 3166-2:IO|IO]]
|-
| {{flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} || Administered by the [[Commissioner for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]] (who is also the [[Governor of the Falkland Islands]]), reporting to the [[Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:GS|GS]]
|-
! Overseas Territory (uninhabited, claimed) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| ''{{flag|British Antarctic Territory}}'' || Administered by the [[Commissioner for the British Antarctic Territory]], reporting to the [[Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office]]. The UK's [[territorial claims in Antarctica|Antarctic claim]]. || No unique ISO 3166 country codes
|}

==={{Anchor|United States}} United States===
{{Main|Territories of the United States}}
{{Further|Insular area|United States Minor Outlying Islands}}

The [[United States]] has 13 "[[Territories of the United States#Incorporated versus unincorporated territories|unincorporated]]" dependent territories under its administration and two claimed territories outside its control.<ref name="GAO">{{cite web |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas Application of the U.S. Constitution |publisher=United States General Accounting Office |date=November 1997 |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229153648/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The uninhabited [[Palmyra Atoll]] is administered similarly to some of these territories, and is usually included on lists of U.S. overseas territories, but it is excluded from this list because it is classified in U.S. law as an incorporated territory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/politicatypes |title=Definitions of Insular Area Political Organizations |date=12 June 2015 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |access-date=6 April 2019}}</ref> The [[Constitution of the United States|U.S. Constitution]] does not apply in full to the insular areas.<ref name="GAO hrd 91-18">{{cite web |url=https://www.gao.gov/assets/hrd-91-18.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas Applicability of Relevant Provisions of the U.S. Constitution |publisher=United States General Accounting Office |location=Washington, D.C. |page=4|date=June 20, 1991 |access-date=August 14, 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Unincorporated organized territory !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|Guam}} || [[Territories of the United States#Incorporated versus unincorporated territories|Unincorporated]] [[Territories of the United States#Organized vs. unorganized territories|organized territory]] of the U.S.; policy relations conducted through the [[Office of Insular Affairs]] of the [[United States Department of the Interior|Department of the Interior]]. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]] || [[ISO 3166-2:GU|GU]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:US|US-GU]]
|-
| {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} || Unincorporated organized territory of the U.S. with [[Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)|Commonwealth]] status; federal funding administered by the Office of Insular Affairs of the Department of the Interior || [[ISO 3166-2:MP|MP]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:US|US-MP]]
|-
| {{flag|Puerto Rico}} || Unincorporated organized territory of the U.S. with [[Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)|Commonwealth]] status; [[Government of Puerto Rico |local government]] and residents are under the [[plenary authority]] of the [[U.S. Congress]] || [[ISO 3166-2:PR|PR]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:US|US-PR]]
|-
| {{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}} || Unincorporated organized territory of the U.S. Policy relations conducted by the Office of Insular Affairs of the Department of the Interior. Appears on the [[United States Department of the Interior|Department of the Interior]] || [[ISO 3166-2:VI|VI]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:US|US-VI]]
|-
! Unincorporated unorganized territory !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|American Samoa}} || Unincorporated unorganized territory administered by the Office of Insular Affairs of the Department of the Interior. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]] || [[ISO 3166-2:AS|AS]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:US|US-AS]]
|-
! Unincorporated unorganized territory (uninhabited){{refn|group=note|[[Midway Atoll]] and [[Wake Island]] have a few people, but these territories are not permanently inhabited.}} !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|Baker Island}} || rowspan="6" | Unincorporated unorganized territories of the U.S. administered by the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service|Fish and Wildlife Service]] of the Department of the Interior || [[ISO 3166-2:UM|UM-81]]
|-
| {{flag|Howland Island}}
| [[ISO 3166-2:UM|UM-84]]
|-
| {{flag|Jarvis Island}}
| [[ISO 3166-2:UM|UM-86]]
|-
| {{flag|Johnston Atoll}}
| [[ISO 3166-2:UM|UM-67]]
|-
| {{flag|Kingman Reef}}
| [[ISO 3166-2:UM|UM-89]]
|-
| {{flag|Midway Atoll}}
| [[ISO 3166-2:UM|UM-71]]
|-
| {{flag|Navassa Island}} || Unincorporated unorganized territory of the U.S. administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the Department of the Interior from the [[Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge]] in [[Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico|Cabo Rojo]], [[Puerto Rico]]
| [[ISO 3166-2:UM|UM-76]]
|-
| {{flag|Wake Island|local}} || Unincorporated unorganized territory of the U.S. administered by the [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] under an agreement with the Department of the Interior
| [[ISO 3166-2:UM|UM-79]]
|-
! Unincorporated unorganized territory (uninhabited, claimed) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{noflag|''[[Bajo Nuevo Bank]]''}}
| Administered by [[Colombia]]. Claimed by the United States (under the Guano Islands Act) and [[Jamaica]]. A claim by [[Nicaragua]] was resolved in 2012 in favor of Colombia by the [[International Court of Justice]], although the U.S. was not a party to that case and does not recognize the court's compulsory jurisdiction.<ref name=ICJ/>
|
|-
| {{noflag|''[[Serranilla Bank]]''}}
| Administered by [[Colombia]]; site of a naval garrison. Claimed by the United States (since 1879 under the Guano Islands Act) and [[Jamaica]]. A claim by [[Nicaragua]] was resolved in 2012 in favor of Colombia by the International Court of Justice, although the United States was not a party to that case and does not recognize the court's compulsory jurisdiction.<ref name=ICJ>{{cite web | url=https://www.icj-cij.org/case/124 | title=Territorial and maritime dispute (Nicaragua vs Colombia) | year=2012 | access-date=May 27, 2023 | author=[[International Court of Justice]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501224316/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/124/17162.pdf | archive-date=May 1, 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref> A claim by [[Honduras]] was settled in a 1986 treaty over maritime boundaries with Colombia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/TREATIES/COL-HND1986MD.PDF |title=Maritime Delimitation Treaty between Colombia and Honduras |date=August 2, 1986 |website=U.N. Delimitation Treaties InfoBase |access-date=May 27, 2023 |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523123750/https://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/TREATIES/COL-HND1986MD.PDF |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
|}

==Lists of similar entities==
The following entities are, according to the law of their state, integral parts of the state but exhibit many characteristics of dependent territories. This list is generally limited to entities that are either subject to an international treaty on their status, uninhabited, or have a unique level of autonomy and are largely self-governing in matters other than international affairs. It generally does not include entities with no unique autonomy, such as the [[overseas departments and regions of France|five overseas departments and regions]] ([[French Guiana]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]], [[Mayotte]], and [[Réunion]]) of France; the [[Caribbean Netherlands|BES islands]] ([[Bonaire]], [[Sint Eustatius]], and [[Saba (island)|Saba]]) of the Netherlands; [[Jan Mayen]] of Norway; and [[Palmyra Atoll]] of the United States.

Entities with only limited unique autonomy—such as [[Barbuda]] of Antigua and Barbuda; [[Sabah]] and [[Sarawak]] of Malaysia; the [[Autonomous Regions of Portugal|two autonomous regions]] (the [[Azores]] and [[Madeira]]) of Portugal; [[Nevis]] of Saint Kitts and Nevis; the [[Canary Islands]] and the [[Autonomous communities of Spain#Autonomous cities|two autonomous cities]] ([[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]]) of Spain; [[Northern Ireland]] of the United Kingdom; and [[Kurdistan]] of Iraq—and entities with non-recognized unique autonomy—such as [[Wa State|Wa]] of Myanmar; [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] of Palestine; [[Puntland]] of Somalia; [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation|Zapatista]] of Mexico; and [[Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|The autonomous administration north and east Syria]] of Syria—are also not included. All claims in Antarctica are listed in ''italics''.

===Australia===
{{Main|States and territories of Australia#External territories {{!}}States and territories of Australia § External territories}}

[[Australia]] has six external territories in its administration and one Antarctic claim.

Debate remains as to whether the external territories are integral parts of Australia,{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} due to their not being part of Australia in 1901, when its constituent states federated (with the exception of the [[Coral Sea Islands]], which was a part of [[Queensland]]).<ref>{{cite book
| last = Carney
| first = Gerard
| title = The constitutional systems of the Australian states and territories
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| year = 2006
| location = Canberra
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6Pd8F1mFp1oC
| isbn = 978-0-521-86305-6 }}</ref> Norfolk Island was self-governing from 1979 to 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/rearvision/the-end-of-self-government-on-norfolk-island/7530806 |title=The end of Norfolk Island's self-government |work=ABC |last=Phillips |first=Keri |date=23 June 2016 |access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref> The external territories are often grouped separately from Australia proper for statistical purposes.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! External territory !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|Christmas Island}} || rowspan=3 | Administered from [[Canberra]] by the [[Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts]]<ref name="DITRDC">{{cite web |title=Territories of Australia |url = https://www.regional.gov.au/territories/ |publisher=The Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications |date=2020-02-28 |access-date=2020-04-25 |quote=The Australian Government, through the department, administers the Indian Ocean Territories of Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Norfolk Island, the Jervis Bay Territory, the Ashmore and Cartier Islands, and the Coral Sea Islands. The department also manages the Government's interests in the Australian Capital Territory, and the Northern Territory.}}</ref> || [[ISO 3166-2:CX|CX]]
|-
| {{flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}} || [[ISO 3166-2:CC|CC]]
|-
| {{flag|Norfolk Island}} || [[ISO 3166-2:NF|NF]]
|-
! External territory (uninhabited) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|Ashmore and Cartier Islands}} || rowspan=2 | Administered from Canberra by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts<ref name="DITRDC" /> || rowspan="2" | No unique ISO 3166 country codes
|-
| {{flag|Coral Sea Islands}}{{NoteTag|[[Willis Island]] is permanently staffed and occupied by a small team of meteorologists.}}
|-
| {{flag|Heard Island and McDonald Islands|Heard Island and McDonald Islands}} || Administered from Canberra by the [[Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment]]<ref name="DITRDC" /> || [[ISO 3166-2:HM|HM]]
|-
! External territory (uninhabited, claimed) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| ''{{flag|Australian Antarctic Territory}}'' || Administered from Canberra by the Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment<ref name="DITRDC" /> || No unique ISO 3166 country codes
|}

===China===
{{Main|Special administrative regions of China}}

The [[China|People's Republic of China]] (PRC) has two special administrative regions (SARs) that are governed according to the [[Constitution of the People's Republic of China|constitution]] and respective basic laws. The SARs greatly differ from [[Mainland China]] in administrative, economic, legislative, and judicial terms including by currency, [[left- and right-hand traffic|left-hand versus right-hand traffic]], official languages, and immigration control. Although the PRC does claim sovereignty over [[Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China|Taiwan]] (governed by the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]]), it is not listed here as the PRC government does not have ''de facto'' control of the territory.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Special administrative region !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|Hong Kong}}|| Former [[British Hong Kong|British colony]]. Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China since 1997 according to the [[Sino-British Joint Declaration]], an international [[treaty]] registered with the [[United Nations]]. The ''[[Hong Kong Basic Law]]'' purports to provide for the territory to enjoy a "high degree" of autonomy per the "[[one country, two systems]]" model under the [[State Council of the People's Republic of China|central government of China]]. Although the territory is not part of mainland China, it is officially considered an integral part of the People's Republic of China.<ref>[http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2007-01/17/content_498423.htm 广电总局批准31个境外频道在涉外宾馆等申请接收] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603030813/http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2007-01/17/content_498423.htm |date=2013-06-03 }}. Gov.cn (2006-12-30). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref><ref>[http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20110428_402722232.htm 2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报（第1号）] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618152810/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20110428_402722232.htm |date=2012-06-18 }}. Stats.gov.cn. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref><ref>[http://big5.huaxia.com/sw/cjzx/jjdt/00265648.html 項懷誠：香港是社保基金境外投資的首選地之一] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617170730/http://big5.huaxia.com/sw/cjzx/jjdt/00265648.html |date=2013-06-17 }}. Big5.huaxia.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref>|| [[ISO 3166-2:HK|HK]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-HK]]
|-
| {{flag|Macau}}|| Former [[Portuguese Macau|Portuguese colony]]. Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China since 1999 according to the [[Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration]], an international treaty registered with the United Nations. The ''[[Macao Basic Law]]'' provides for the territory to enjoy a high degree of autonomy per the "one country, two systems" model under the central government of China. Although the territory is not part of mainland China, it is officially considered an integral part of the People's Republic of China.|| [[ISO 3166-2:MO|MO]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-MO]]
|}

===Denmark===
{{Main|Danish Realm}}

The [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]] contains two autonomous territories with their own governments and legislatures, and input into foreign affairs.<ref name="Rakitskaya">{{cite journal |last1=Rakitskaya |first1=Inna A. |last2=Molchakov |first2=Nikita Y. |title=Democratization of territorial constitution : current trends and the constitutional experience of Denmark |journal=International Journal of Economics and Business Administration |date=2019 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=166–172 |url=https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/45623 |access-date=11 November 2020 |publisher=Eleftherios Thalassinos |issn=2241-4754}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Autonomous territory !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|Faroe Islands}}|| Autonomous since 1948.<ref name="Rakitskaya"/> A constituent part of the Kingdom of Denmark, but not of the [[European Union]]. Although it is not part of metropolitan [[Denmark]], it is officially considered an integral part of the [[Kingdom of Denmark]].|| [[ISO 3166-2:FO|FO]]
|-
| {{flag|Greenland}}|| Autonomous since 1979.<ref name="Rakitskaya"/> A constituent part of the Kingdom of Denmark, but withdrew from the [[European Economic Community]] in 1985. Although it is not part of metropolitan [[Denmark]], it is officially considered an integral part of the [[Kingdom of Denmark]].|| [[ISO 3166-2:GL|GL]]
|}

===Finland===
{{Main|Regions of Finland}}
{{Further|Administrative divisions of Finland|Åland Islands dispute}}
{{See also||Special territories of members of the European Economic Area#Åland}}

[[Finland]] has one [[Regions of Finland#Åland|autonomous region]] that is also subject to international treaties.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Autonomous region !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|Åland}}|| Åland is governed according to the ''[[Åland convention|Act on the Autonomy of Åland]]'' and international treaties. These laws guarantee the islands' autonomy in Finland, which has ultimate sovereignty over them, as well as a demilitarised status. || [[ISO 3166-2:AX|AX]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:FI|FI-01]]
|}

===France===
{{Main|Overseas France}}
{{Further|Overseas collectivity|Overseas territory (France)}}
{{See also|Overseas country of France}}

[[France]] has overseas six autonomous collectivities and two uninhabited territories (one of which includes an Antarctic claim). This does not include its "standard" [[overseas departments and regions of France|overseas regions]] (which are also overseas [[departments of France|departments]]) of [[French Guiana]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]], [[Mayotte]], and [[Réunion]]. Although also located overseas, they have the same status as the regions of [[metropolitan France]]. Nonetheless, all of France's overseas territory is considered an integral part of the [[French Fifth Republic|French Republic]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Overseas collectivity !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|French Polynesia}} || [[Overseas collectivity]] since 2003; [[overseas country of France|overseas country]] since 2004. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]] || [[ISO 3166-2:PF|PF]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:FR|FR-PF]]
|-
| {{flag|Saint Barthélemy|local}} || Seceded from [[Guadeloupe]] to become an overseas collectivity in 2007 || [[ISO 3166-2:BL|BL]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:FR|FR-BL]]
|-
| {{flag|Saint Martin|local}} || Seceded from Guadeloupe to become an overseas collectivity in 2007. It is the only overseas collectivity that is fully part of the European Union. || [[ISO 3166-2:MF|MF]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:FR|FR-MF]]
|-
| {{flag|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local}} || [[Territorial collectivity]] since 1985. Overseas collectivity since 2003 || [[ISO 3166-2:PM|PM]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:FR|FR-PM]]
|-
| {{flag|Wallis and Futuna|local}} || Overseas territory since 1961. Overseas collectivity since 2003 || [[ISO 3166-2:WF|WF]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:FR|FR-WF]]
|-
! ''Sui generis'' collectivity !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|New Caledonia|local}} || "''[[Sui generis]]''" collectivity<ref name="Outre-mer">{{cite web|url=http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/?presentation-nouvelle-caledonie.html&artpage=3-3|title=Nouvelle-Calédonie Présentation|website=Outre-Mer.gouv.fr|publisher=[[Minister of the Overseas (France)|Ministre des Outre-mer]]|language=fr|trans-title=New Caledonia Presentation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521094530/http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/?presentation-nouvelle-caledonie.html&artpage=3-3|archive-date=21 May 2013|access-date=24 November 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref> since 1998.<ref name="Dependency Status">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/dependency-status/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260201120513/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/dependency-status/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 1, 2026|title=Field Listing :: Dependency Status|website=[[The World Factbook|CIA.gov/Library/Publications/Resources/The-World-Factbook/]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|access-date=7 April 2019|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]] || [[ISO 3166-2:NC|NC]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:FR|FR-NC]]
|-
! Overseas state private property (uninhabited) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|Clipperton Island}} || The island is administered under the direct authority of the French government<ref name="LegiF">{{cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000879815/2020-11-24/|title=Loi n° 55-1052 du 6 août 1955 portant statut des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises et de l'île de Clipperton|website=LegiFrance.gouv.fr|publisher=[[Légifrance]]|language=fr|trans-title=Law n° 55-1052 of 6 August 1955 relating to the statute of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands and of the island of Clipperton|date=6 August 1955|access-date=24 November 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref> by the French [[Minister of the Overseas]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:FR|FR-CP]]
|-
! Overseas territory (uninhabited) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}} || TAAF (''[[French Southern and Antarctic Lands|Terres australes et antartiques françaises]]'') is an [[overseas territory (France)|overseas territory]] since 1955, administered from [[Paris]] by an ''Administrateur Supérieur''. The territory includes the Antarctic claim of ''[[Adélie Land]]''<ref name="FactbookFS">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/french-southern-and-antarctic-lands/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120074747/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/french-southern-and-antarctic-lands/|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 20, 2021|title=Antarctica :: French Southern and Antarctic Lands|website=[[The World Factbook|CIA.gov/Library/Publications/The-World-Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]|date=20 May 2020|access-date=3 June 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and several islands in the [[Indian Ocean]], including [[Crozet Islands]], [[Kerguelen Islands]], [[Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands]] and [[Scattered Islands]] || [[ISO 3166-2:TF|TF]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:FR|FR-TF]]{{refn|group=note|The Antarctic claim of ''[[Adélie Land]]'' (a district of the [[French Southern and Antarctic Lands|TAAF]])<ref name="FactbookFS"/> is not included within the ISO 3166 designation. The ISO designates the remainder of the TAAF the "French Southern Territories".<ref name="ISOTF">{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:TF|title=French Southern Territories|website=[[iso.org|ISO.org]]|publisher=[[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]]|date=26 November 2018|access-date=3 June 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}}
|}

===Netherlands===
{{Main|Kingdom of the Netherlands}}
{{Further|Dutch Caribbean}}

The Kingdom of the Netherlands comprises three autonomous "constituent countries" in the Caribbean (listed below) and one constituent country, the [[Netherlands]], with most of its area in Europe but also encompassing three [[Caribbean Netherlands|overseas Caribbean municipalities]]—[[Bonaire]], [[Sint Eustatius]], and [[Saba (island)|Saba]] (these three [[special municipality (Netherlands)|Caribbean municipalities]] are excluded here because they are directly administered by the [[Netherlands#Government and politics|Government of the Netherlands]]<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/inr/rls/10543.htm Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty], U.S. Department of State. "Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius now fall under the direct administration of the Netherlands". Retrieved 17 June 2016.</ref>). All citizens of the Dutch Kingdom share the same nationality and are thus [[European Union citizenship|citizens of the European Union]], but only the European portion of the Kingdom is a part of the territory of the Union, the [[European Union Customs Union|Customs Union]], and the [[Eurozone]] while other areas have [[special territories of members of the European Economic Area|overseas countries and territory]] status.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Constituent country !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
|{{flag|Aruba}}|| Defined as a "country" ("''land''") within the Kingdom by the [[Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands|Statute of the Kingdom of the Netherlands]], Aruba obtained full autonomy in internal affairs upon separation from the [[Netherlands Antilles]] in 1986. Part of the Kingdom but not in Europe, its [[Dutch nationality law|citizenship]] nonetheless includes status as citizens of the European Union (the Kingdom government coincides almost exactly with the [[Politics of the Netherlands|Government of the Netherlands]], and is responsible for defence, foreign affairs, and nationality law).|| [[ISO 3166-2:AW|AW]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:NL|NL-AW]]
|-
|{{flag|Curaçao}}
| rowspan="2" |Defined as a "country" ("''land''") within the Kingdom by the Statute of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Curaçao and Sint Maarten were part of the Netherlands Antilles until it was dissolved in October 2010. Part of the Kingdom but not in Europe, their citizenship nonetheless includes status as citizens of the European Union (the Kingdom government coincides almost exactly with the Government of the Netherlands, and is responsible for defence, foreign affairs, and nationality law).|| [[ISO 3166-2:CW|CW]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:NL|NL-CW]]
|-
|{{flag|Sint Maarten}}|| [[ISO 3166-2:SX|SX]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:NL|NL-SX]]
|}

===Norway===
{{Main|List of possessions of Norway}}
{{Further|Svalbard and Jan Mayen}}

[[Norway]] has, in the Arctic, one inhabited archipelago with restrictions placed on Norwegian sovereignty — [[Svalbard]].<ref name="SpitsTreaty">{{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Spitsbergen_Treaty#Article_3.|title=Spitsbergen Treaty|publisher=[[Wikisource]]|date=9 February 1920|access-date=16 November 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="GovSval">{{cite web|url=http://www.sysselmannen.no/hovedEnkel.aspx?m=45301|title=The Svalbard Treaty|publisher=[[Governor of Svalbard]]|date=9 April 2008|access-date=24 March 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723003932/http://www.sysselmannen.no/hovedEnkel.aspx?m=45301|archive-date=23 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Unlike the country's dependent territory ([[Bouvet Island]]) and Antarctic claims ([[#Norway|see above]]), Svalbard is a part of the Kingdom of Norway.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Skagestad |first1=Odd Gunnar |editor1-last=Skreslet |editor1-first=Stig |title=Jan Mayen Island in Scientific Focus |date=2004 |publisher=Springer Netherlands |isbn=978-1-4020-2955-4 |page=272 |url=http://www.ogskagestad.info/attachments/File/JanMayenSciFocus04.pdf |access-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104210815/http://www.ogskagestad.info/attachments/File/JanMayenSciFocus04.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2014 |chapter=The Scope for Norwegian Commitments Related to International Research on Jan Mayen Island}}</ref> Norway also has one uninhabited remote archipelago located in the Arctic, [[Jan Mayen]], but it is excluded in this list as the island is directly administered by the [[Nordland County Municipality]] and none of the considerations established for Svalbard Treaty are attributed to it.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Territory !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code
|-
| {{flag|Svalbard}}|| This Arctic archipelago is the northernmost permanent civilian settlement in the world. Not incorporated into any county, it is administered by a [[Governor of Svalbard|governor]] appointed by the Norwegian government. Since 2002, its main settlement of [[Longyearbyen]] has [[Longyearbyen Community Council|elected a local government]]. Other settlements include the Russian mining community of [[Barentsburg]], the research station of [[Ny-Ålesund]], and the mining outpost of [[Sveagruva]]. The [[Svalbard Treaty]] of 1920 recognises Norwegian sovereignty (administered since 1925 as a sovereign part of the Kingdom of Norway) but established Svalbard as a [[free economic zone]]<ref name="SpitsTreaty"/> and a [[demilitarized zone|demilitarised zone]]. ||| [[ISO 3166-2:SJ|SJ]] ''or'' [[ISO 3166-2:NO|NO-21]]
|}

==Description==
[[File:Bora Bora ISS006.jpg|thumb|[[Bora Bora]] Island, [[French Polynesia]]]]
[[File:DG Ariel Plantation.jpg|thumb|Diego Garcia Island, [[British Indian Ocean Territory]]]]

Three [[Crown Dependencies]] are in a form of association with the United Kingdom. They are independently administrated jurisdictions, although the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British Government]] is solely responsible for defence and international representation and has ultimate responsibility for ensuring good government. They do not have diplomatic recognition as independent states, but neither are they integrated into the UK. The [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|UK Parliament]] retains the ability to legislate for the crown dependencies even without the agreement of their legislatures. No crown dependency has representation in the UK Parliament.

Although they are [[British Overseas Territories]], [[Bermuda]] and [[Gibraltar]] have similar relationships to the UK as do the Crown Dependencies. While the United Kingdom is officially responsible for their defence and international representation, these jurisdictions maintain their own militaries and have been granted limited diplomatic powers, in addition to having internal self-government.

New Zealand and its dependencies share the same [[Governor-General of New Zealand|governor-general]] and constitute one monarchic [[Realm of New Zealand|realm]]. The [[Cook Islands]] and [[Niue]] are officially termed [[associated state]]s.

[[Puerto Rico]] (since 1952) and the [[Northern Mariana Islands]] (since 1986) are non-independent states freely associated with the United States. The mutually negotiated Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) in Political Union with the United States was approved in 1976. The covenant was fully implemented on November 3, 1986, under Presidential Proclamation no. 5564, which conferred [[Citizenship of the United States|U.S. citizenship]] on legally qualified CNMI residents.<ref>{{cite web|title=Northern Mariana Islands at the CIA's page|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/northern-mariana-islands/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112083045/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/northern-mariana-islands|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 12, 2021|publisher=CIA|access-date=2010-07-15|author=CIA|date=2010-07-15}}</ref> Under the [[Constitution of Puerto Rico]], Puerto Rico is described as a Commonwealth and Puerto Ricans have a degree of [[autonomous administrative division|administrative autonomy]] similar to that of a citizen of a [[U.S. state]]. Puerto Ricans "were collectively made [[Citizenship of the United States#Birthright citizenship|U.S. citizens]]" in 1917, as a result of the [[Jones–Shafroth Act]].<ref>The Louisiana Purchase and American Expansion: 1803–1898. By Sanford Levinson and Bartholomew H. Sparrow. New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. 2005. Page 166, 178. "U.S. citizenship was extended to residents of Puerto Rico under the Jones Act, chap. 190, 39 Stat. 951 (1971) (codified at 48 U.S.C. § 731 (1987)")</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Puerto Rico at the CIA's page|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/puerto-rico/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105163943/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/puerto-rico/|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 5, 2021|publisher=CIA|access-date=2010-07-15|author=CIA|date=2010-07-15}}</ref> The commonly used name in Spanish of the [[Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)|Commonwealth]] of Puerto Rico, ''Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico'', literally "Associated Free State of Puerto Rico", which sounds similar to "free association" particularly when loosely used in Spanish, is sometimes erroneously interpreted to mean that Puerto Rico's relationship with the United States is based on a [[Compact of Free Association]] and at other times is erroneously held to mean that Puerto Rico's relationship with the U.S. is based on an [[Interstate compact]]. This is a constant source of ambiguity and confusion when trying to define, understand, and explain Puerto Rico's political relationship with the United States. For various reasons [[Politics of Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico's political status]] differs from that of the Pacific Islands that entered into Compacts of Free Association with the United States. As sovereign states, these islands have the full right to conduct their foreign relations, while the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has territorial status subject to U.S. congressional authority under the Constitution's Territory Clause, "to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory… belonging to the United States."<ref name="FinalReport">{{Cite web|url=http://www.prfaa.com/eng/PuertoRicoBookletFinal.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326093201/http://www.prfaa.com/eng/PuertoRicoBookletFinal.pdf|url-status=dead|title=December 2005 report of the President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status|archive-date=March 26, 2009}}</ref> Puerto Rico does not have the right to unilaterally declare independence, and at the last referendum (1998), the narrow majority voted for "none of the above", which was a formally undefined alternative used by commonwealth supporters to express their desire for an "enhanced commonwealth" option.<ref name="FinalReport"/>

This kind of relationship can also be found in the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]], which is termed a [[federacy]]. The European [[Netherlands|continental part]] is organised like a unitary state. However, the status of its "constituent countries" in the Caribbean ([[Aruba]], [[Curaçao]], and [[Sint Maarten]]) can be considered akin to dependencies<ref name="FactbookNL">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/netherlands/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109084007/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/netherlands|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 9, 2021|title=Europe :: Netherlands|website=[[The World Factbook|CIA.gov/Library/Publications/The-World-Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]|date=10 June 2020|access-date=13 July 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="StaveGov">{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/dependencies-and-areas-of-special-sovereignty/|title=Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty|website=[[State.gov]]|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|date=7 March 2017|access-date=13 July 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref> or "associated non-independent states."

The [[Kingdom of Denmark]] also operates similarly, akin to another federacy. The [[Faroe Islands]] and [[Greenland]] are two self-governing territories or regions within the Kingdom. The relationship between Denmark proper and these two territories is semi-officially termed the ''[[Danish Realm|Rigsfællesskabet]]'' ("Unity of the Realm").

==Overview of inhabited dependent territories==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name
! Population (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/population/country-comparison/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106121651/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/population/country-comparison/|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 6, 2021|title=Country Comparison :: Population |publisher=CIA|date=July 2016}}</ref>
! Area (km2)<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/area/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260114234814/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/area/|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 14, 2026|title=Field Listing :: Area |publisher=CIA}}</ref>
! Area (mi2)<ref name=":0" />
! width=80| [[United Nations geoscheme|UN region]]
! width=100| [[List of countries and territories by the United Nations geoscheme|UN subregion]]
! [[Sovereign state]]
! Legal status<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/dependency-status/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260201120513/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/dependency-status/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 1, 2026|title=Field Listing :: Dependency Status |publisher=CIA}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Akrotiri and Dhekelia}}
| 15,700
| 254
| 98
| [[Asia]]
| [[West Asia|Western Asia]]
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| [[British Overseas Territories|Overseas territory]] ([[Military base|Sovereign Base Areas]])
|-
| {{flag|Åland}}
| 29,013
| 1,580
| 610
| [[Europe]]
| [[Northern Europe]]
| {{flagcountry|Finland}}
| [[Regions of Finland#Åland|Autonomous region]]
|-
| {{flag|American Samoa}}
| 54,194
| 199
| 77
| [[Oceania]]
| [[Polynesia]]
| {{flagcountry|United States}}
| [[Insular area#Unincorporated unorganized territories|Unincorporated unorganized territory]]
|-
| {{flag|Anguilla}}
| 15,100
| 91
| 35
| [[Americas]]
| [[Caribbean]]
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| Overseas territory
|-
| {{flag|Aruba}}
| 113,648
| 178.91
| 69.08
| Americas
| Caribbean
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of the Netherlands}}
| [[Kingdom of the Netherlands#Constituent countries|Constituent country]]
|-
| {{flag|Bermuda}}
| 70,537
| 53.2
| 20.5
| Americas
| [[Northern America]]
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| Overseas territory
|-
| {{flag|British Virgin Islands}}
| 34,232
| 153
| 59
| Americas
| Caribbean
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| Overseas territory
|-
| {{flag|Cayman Islands}}
| 57,268
| 264
| 101.9
| Americas
| Caribbean
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| Overseas territory
|-
| {{flag|Christmas Island}}
| 2,205
| 135
| 52
| Oceania
| [[Australasia|Australia and New Zealand]]
| {{flagcountry|Australia}}
| [[States and territories of Australia#External territories|External territory]]
|-
| {{flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}}
| 596
| 14
| 5.4
| Oceania
| Australia and New Zealand
| {{flagcountry|Australia}}
| External territory
|-
| {{flag|Cook Islands}}
| 18,100
| 240
| 93
| Oceania
| Polynesia
| {{flagcountry|New Zealand}}
| [[Associated state]]
|-
| {{flag|Curaçao}}
| 158,986
| 444
| 171
| Americas
| Caribbean
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of the Netherlands}}
| Constituent country
|-
| {{flag|Falkland Islands}}
| 2,931
| 12,173
| 4,700
| Americas
| [[South America]]
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| Overseas territory
|-
| {{flag|Faroe Islands}}
| 49,188
| 4,167
| 540
| Europe
| Northern Europe
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Denmark}}
| [[Danish Realm#Home rule and self rule|Autonomous territory]]
|-
| {{flag|French Polynesia}}
| 285,735
| 1,399
| 1,609
| Oceania
| Polynesia
| {{flagcountry|France}}
| [[Overseas collectivity]] ([[Overseas country of France|Overseas country]])
|-
| {{flag|Gibraltar}}
| 29,328
| 6.5
| 2.5
| Europe
| [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| Overseas territory
|-
| {{flag|Greenland}}
| 56,483
| 2,166,086
| 836,330
| Americas
| Northern America
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Denmark}}
| Autonomous territory
|-
| {{flag|Guam}}
| 162,742
| 544
| 210
| Oceania
| [[Micronesia]]
| {{flagcountry|United States}}
| [[Insular area#Unincorporated organized territories|Unincorporated organized territory]]
|-
| {{flag|Bailiwick of Guernsey|name=Guernsey}}
| 63,026
| 65
| 25
| Europe
| Northern Europe
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| [[Crown Dependencies|Crown Dependency]]
|-
| {{flag|Hong Kong}}
| 7,374,000
| 2,755
| 1,064
| Asia
| [[East Asia|Eastern Asia]]
| {{flagcountry|China}}
| [[Special administrative regions of China|Special administrative region]]
|-
| {{flag|Isle of Man}}
| 88,195
| 572
| 221
| Europe
| Northern Europe
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| Crown Dependency
|-
| {{flag|Jersey}}
| 98,069
| 118.2
| 45.6
| Europe
| Northern Europe
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| Crown Dependency
|-
| {{flag|Macau}}
| 650,900
| 115.3
| 44.5
| Asia
| Eastern Asia
| {{flagcountry|China}}
| Special administrative region
|-
| {{flag|Montserrat}}
| 5,267
| 101
| 39
| Americas
| Caribbean
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| Overseas territory
|-
| {{flag|New Caledonia|local}}
| 275,355
| 18,576
| 7,172
| Oceania
| [[Melanesia]]
| {{flagcountry|France}}
| [[Overseas France#Sui generis collectivity|''Sui generis'' collectivity]]
|-
| {{flag|Niue}}
| 1,190
| 261.46
| 100.95
| Oceania
| Polynesia
| {{flagcountry|New Zealand}}
| Associated state
|-
| {{flag|Norfolk Island}}
| 2,210
| 34.6
| 13.4
| Oceania
| Australia and New Zealand
| {{flagcountry|Australia}}
| External territory
|-
| {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}}
| 53,467
| 464
| 179
| Oceania
| Micronesia
| {{flagcountry|United States}}
| Unincorporated organized territory ([[Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)|Commonwealth]])
|-
| {{flag|Pitcairn Islands}}
| 57
| 43
| 17
| Oceania
| Polynesia
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| Overseas territory
|-
| {{flag|Puerto Rico}}
| 3,411,307
| 9,104
| 3,515
| Americas
| Caribbean
| {{flagcountry|United States}}
| Unincorporated organized territory (Commonwealth)
|-
| {{flag|Saint Barthélemy|local}}
| 7,209
| 25
| 9.7
| Americas
| Caribbean
| {{flagcountry|France}}
| Overseas collectivity
|-
| {{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}}
| 5,633
| 394
| 152
| [[Africa]]
| [[West Africa|Western Africa]]
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| Overseas territory
|-
| {{flag|Saint Martin|local}}
| 31,949
| 53.2
| 20.5
| Americas
| Caribbean
| {{flagcountry|France}}
| Overseas collectivity
|-
| {{flag|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local}}
| 5,595
| 242
| 93
| Americas
| Northern America
| {{flagcountry|France}}
| Overseas collectivity
|-
| {{flag|Sint Maarten}}
| 41,486
| 37
| 14
| Americas
| Caribbean
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of the Netherlands}}
| Constituent country
|-
| {{flag|Svalbard}}
| 2,667
| 61,022
| 23,561
| Europe
| Northern Europe
| {{flagcountry|Norway}}
| [[List of possessions of Norway#Current overseas territories|Unincorporated area]]
|-
| {{flag|Tokelau}}
| 1,499
| 10
| 3.9
| Oceania
| Polynesia
| {{flagcountry|New Zealand}}
| [[Realm of New Zealand#Tokelau|Dependent territory]]
|-
| {{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}}
| 51,430
| 430
| 166
| Americas
| Caribbean
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| Overseas territory
|-
| {{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}}
| 102,951
| 346.36
| 133.73
| Americas
| Caribbean
| {{flagcountry|United States}}
| Unincorporated organized territory
|-
| {{flag|Wallis and Futuna|local}}
| 15,664
| 142
| 55
| Oceania
| Polynesia
| {{flagcountry|France}}
| Overseas collectivity
|}

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Colonisation]]
* [[Colony]]
** [[Self-governing colony]]
* [[Domestic dependent nations]]
* [[Gallery of flags of dependent territories]]
* [[Independence referendum]]
** [[Independence referendum#Past independence referendums|Past independence referendums]]
* [[List of administrative divisions by country]]
* [[List of autonomous areas by country]]
* [[List of countries by United Nations geoscheme]]
* Lists of former colonies, possessions, protectorates, and territories
** [[:Category:Former colonies]]
** [[Protectorate]]
** [[Timeline of national independence]]
* [[List of leaders of dependent territories]]
* [[List of sovereign states]]
* [[List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent]]
* [[Suzerainty]]
* [[Vassal state]]
{{Div col end}}

==Notes==
{{NoteFoot}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
* {{CIA World Factbook}}
{{refend}}

==Bibliography==
* George Drower, ''Britain's Dependent Territories'', Dartmouth, 1992
* George Drower, ''Overseas Territories Handbook'', TSO, 1998

{{Autonomous types of first-tier administration}}
{{Colonialism}}
{{Terms for types of administrative territorial entities}}
{{United Nations list of non-self-governing territories}}

[[Category:Dependent territories| ]]
[[Category:Lists of countries]]
[[Category:Territories]]
[[Category:Self-governance]]
[[Category:Sovereignty]]

Khushi Hajare

2026-03-13T16:34:41Z

Prakashmishra1991:

{{Short description|Indian child actress}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Khushi Hajare
| birth_name = Khushi Siddhanth Hajare
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2016–present
| known_for = ''[[Ved (film)|Ved]]'' (2022)
| awards = {{plainlist|
*[[Filmfare Awards Marathi|Filmfare Award Marathi]] (2022)
*[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]] (2023)
}}
}}
'''Khushi Hajare''' is an Indian child actress who primarily works in Marathi and Hindi films. She is known for her role in ''[[Ved (film)|Ved]]'' (2022), for which she earned the [[Filmfare Awards Marathi|Filmfare Award Marathi]]. She has also appeared in films such as ''[[Aapdi Thaapdi]]'' (2022), ''[[Aatmapamphlet|Atmapamphlet]]'' (2023), ''[[Dashmi]]'' (2024), ''[[Munjya (film)|Munjya]]'' (2024), and recently appeared in the Hindi series ''[[Mrs. Deshpande]]'' (2025).

==Filmography==
===Film===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Role
!Language
!{{Reference column heading|multi=yes}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016
|''[[Sarbjit (film)|Sarbjit]]''
|Swapan Kaur (5 yrs old)
|[[Hindi]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-05-20 |title=Sarbjit Movie Star Cast |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/sarbjit/cast/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vazandar]]''
|Daughter of Kaveri
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Khushi Hajare Movies and TV Shows |url=https://watch.plex.tv/en-GB/person/khushi-hajare |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=[[Plex]]}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|''[[Aval (2017 film)|The House Next Door]]''
|Sarah D'Cousta
|Hindi [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-03 |title=The House Next Door Movie Star Cast |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/house-next-door/cast/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|''[[Manto (2018 film)|Manto]]''
|Nighat 3
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|2019
|''[[Khandaani Shafakhana]]''
|Young Baby Bedi
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-02 |title=Khandaani Shafakhana Movie Star Cast |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/khandaani-shafakhana/cast/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
|''[[Prawaas]]''
|Disha
|Marathi
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prawaas |url=https://www.kinopoisk.ru/showcaptcha?cc=1&form-fb-hint=2.20&mt=C5A4A674911F51CEDF0022D6D64196291889AB3985F3D507636EB541CEB694A83261E00DB8D03497185F928944CA134B5320A36DBDB9572DCD900B3A3176B4076CEF33CA2B4B0651E212F48D47F6AC04BFA1DC301EA93A3BA7E6F528D234583248624BE247FFED7DA6374C52B8048759D82FE808AD2842499F340B9563C1086455B2D774585AD675E6B9E7E9C58872B49ACFCBC8A1A883D7B6A8BB612C32CC9404B4B3002D57239BE2F75D173BFAB6D5153CE56C221BE2305451FAB9CD233D2B58F09CF6C9A8433A2D1CCD7D44B1165A21D0208D40DE66AAE0340E06808B1F06422524E1041942217576&retpath=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cua2lub3BvaXNrLnJ1L2ZpbG0vMTI1NDc5NT8%2C_66668e6779e9270ed0293c03baacdace&t=2%252F1767524042%252F225658fc7fee890d7a2ac47501ebfe95&u=7936066134015647419&s=7efd4738c747ac4ba7e81e227353e89b |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=[[Kinopoisk]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bhoot – Part One: The Haunted Ship]]''
|Megha
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-21 |title='BHOOT PART ONE - THE HAUNTED SHIP' {{!}} 21 February 2020 |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/bhoot-part-one-the-haunted-ship-21-february-2020/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=[[Film Information]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2022
|''[[Aapdi Thaapdi]]''
|Tulshi
|Marathi
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aapdi Thaapdi {{!}} Release Date, Reviews, Cast, and Where to Watch |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/zoom/movies/aapdi-thaapdi-movie-151966008 |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aapdi Thaapdi Movie Review: A heartwarming story paired with powerful performances |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/aapdi-thaapdi/movie-review/94708940.cms |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghavare |first=Sanjay |date=2022-10-09 |title=Aapdi Thaapdi Marathi Movie Review : कसा आहे श्रेयस तळपदे, मुक्ता बर्वेचा 'आपडी थापडी'? वाचा रिव्ह्यू |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/shreyas-talpade-mukta-barve-marathi-movie-aapdi-thaapdi-movie-review-in-marathi-a838-c590/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Maja Ma]]''
|Kinjal
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-06 |title=Maja Ma Movie Star Cast |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/maja-ma/cast/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mili (2022 film)|Mili]]''
|Young Mili
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-04 |title=Mili Movie Star Cast |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/mili-2/cast/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ved (film)|Ved]]''
|Khushi
| rowspan="2" |Marathi
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-24 |title='तो' एक सीन अन् रितेश देशमुखने 'वेड'मध्ये बदललं खुशीच्या पात्राचं नाव, वाचा रंजक किस्सा |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/riteish-deshmukh-changed-child-actor-khushi-hajare-name-in-ved-movie-after-seeing-her-acting-hrc-97-3418793/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|[[Aatmapamphlet|''Atmapamphlet'']]
|Young Srishti
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-20 |title=Aatmapamphlet's selection at the Berlinale is a matter of pride for Marathi cinema: Ashish Bende |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/aatmapamphlets-selection-at-the-berlinale-is-a-matter-of-pride-for-marathi-cinema-ashish-bende/articleshow/97161729.cms |access-date=2026-01-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aatmapamphlet Movie Review: A brilliantly written satire that's socio-politically relevant |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/aatmapamphlet/movie-review/104214397.cms |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2024
|''[[Dashmi]]''
|Dashmi
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dashmi Movie Review: होली से पहले 'दशमी' की बेरंग कहानी, क्राइम पेट्रोल जैसी कहानी में कुछ भी देखने लायक नहीं |url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/movie-review/dashmi-2024-movie-review-by-pankaj-shukla-vardhan-puri-gaurav-sarin-aadil-khan-shantanu-tambe-khushi-hajare-2024-02-16 |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-08 |title=Unveiling 'Dashmi' Trailer: A cinematic confrontation against the menace of contemporary rapes in society! |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/unveiling-dashmi-trailer-cinematic-confrontation-menace-contemporary-rapes-society/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Munjya (film)|Munjya]]''
|Young Geeta
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Munjya OTT release: Sharvari starrer is finally available for streaming, here's where you can watch it |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/binge/munjya-ott-release-sharvari-starrer-is-finally-available-for-streaming-heres-where-you-can-watch-it/articleshow/122629309.html |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=[[India Times]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Dharmarakshak Mahaveer Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj]]''
|Sumi
|Marathi
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dharmarakshak Mahaveer Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj |url=https://watch.plex.tv/movie/dharmarakshak-mahaveer-chhatrapati-sambhaji-maharaj |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=[[Plex]]}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]''
|Unknown
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2026
|''[[Lahore 1947]]''
|TBA
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!{{Reference column heading|multi=yes}}
|-
|2024
|''Waack Girls''
|Parinita
|Hindi
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|2025
|''[[Mrs. Deshpande]]''
|Young Seema Deshpande
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-23 |title=सिद्धार्थ चांदेकर ते जयवंत वाडकर; माधुरी दीक्षितच्या 'मिसेस देशपांडे'मध्ये 'या' मराठमोळ्या कलाकारांची वर्णी, वाचा... |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/ott/madhuri-dixit-mrs-deshpande-ott-series-siddharth-chandekar-jaywant-wadkar-khushi-hajare-gauri-kiran-marathi-actors-cast-details-ads-02-5591513/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Nominated work
!Result
!{{Reference column heading|multi=yes}}
|-
|2022
|[[7th Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
|Best Child Actor
| rowspan="2" |''[[Ved (film)|Ved]]''
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-09 |title='वेड' चित्रपटातील बालकलाकार खुशीबरोबर सायली संजीवचे नशीब उजळले, म्हणाली "हा फोटो..." |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/riteish-deshmukh-ved-movie-child-actress-khushi-hajare-received-filmfare-share-instagram-post-nrp-97-3645719/ |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Winner List Of Filmfare Awards Marathi 2022 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-marathi-2022/winners |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]
|Best Child Artiste
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adsul |first=Nilesh |date=2023-03-06 |title=Zee Chitra Gaurav 2023: कुणाला मिळणार 'झी चित्र गौरव' २०२३ पुरस्कार.. नामांकन यादी जाहीर.. |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/zee-chitra-gaurav-2023-nomination-list-announced-nsa95 |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Gaikwad |first=Trupti |date=2025-08-23 |title=Boxoffice वर जेमतेम कमाई मात्र मराठमोळा चेहरा चर्चेत; War 2 मधील बालकलाकाराने वेधलं सर्वांच लक्ष |url=https://www.navarashtra.com/movies/khushi-hazare-barely-earns-at-the-box-office-but-is-in-the-news-the-child-artist-in-war-2-caught-everyones-attention-968228.html |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=[[Nava Bharat|Navarashtra]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=8609330}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hajare, Khushi}}
[[Category:Indian child actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Child actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Child actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Dhananjay Keer

2026-03-09T06:16:25Z

Prakashmishra1991: Creating Info.

{{lead too short|date=February 2026}}
{{Short description|Indian writer (1913–1984)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Anant Viththal Keer
| pseudonym = Dhananjay Keer
| birth_date = {{birth date|1913|04|23|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Ratnagiri]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{death-date and age|12 May 1984|23 April 1913}}
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = Biographer
| language = English & Marathi
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period = 1950–1980
| genre = Biography
| subject = 
| movement =
| notableworks = 
| spouse = 
| partner = 
| children =
| relatives =
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| years_active =
| module =
| website =
| portaldisp = 
}}

'''Anant Viththal Keer''' (1913–1984), known by his alias '''Dhananjay Keer''', was an Indian biographer who profiled certain politicians and political activists.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Indian Publisher and Bookseller |date=1973 |publisher=Sadanand G. Bhatkal |page=66 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Daniyal |first1=Shoaib |title=Was Ambedkar anti-Muslim? |url=https://scroll.in/article/836748/was-ambedkar-anti-muslim |access-date=22 February 2026 |work=[[Scroll.in]] |date=7 May 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Keer was conferred [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1971.<ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Awards {{!}} Interactive Dashboard |url=https://dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Year=1971-1971&Award=Padma%20Bhushan |website=[[The Gazette of India]] |access-date=27 February 2026 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Archive |url=https://download1082.mediafire.com/tbg2ep890nwg/1bt1b6fbr710vqr/Life%2Band%2BMission%2Bof%2BAmbedkar%2BBY%2BDhananjay%2BKeer.pdf |website=download1082.mediafire.com |access-date=27 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Archive |url=https://web.archive.org/collection-search/pdf/Dhananjay%20Keer%20Padma%20Bhushan |website=web.archive.org |access-date=27 February 2026}}</ref>

==Books==
===Marathi===
* ''Mahatma Jotirao Phule: Amchya Samajkrantiche Janak'' ''{{ISBN|9788171851003}}''
* ''Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar'' (1966)
* ''Lokmanya Tilak ani Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj: Ek Mulyamapan'' (1971)
* ''Vishwabhooshan Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar: Manas Ani Tattvavichar''
* ''Mahatma Phule : Samagra Wangmay'' (1969) (Coeditor S. G. Malshe)
* ''Krushnarao Arjun Keluskar: Atmacharitya va Charitya''
* ''Rajarshi Shahu Chattrapati''
* ''Krutadnya Mi Krutartha Mi'' (autobiography)
* ''Lokhitkarte Babasaheb Bole''
*Teen Mahan Saraswat (1979)
*Hyani Itihas Ghadawila (1980)

===English===
* ''Veer Savarkar'' / ''Savarakar and His Times'' (1950)
:*Keer added disclaimer on this book that it is based on "a plethora of material which was kindly made available to me by Savarkar himself and his kind interviews".<ref>{{cite book |title=Savarkar Myths and Facts |publisher=Anamika Pub & Distributors |first=Shamsul |last=Islam |page=74 |year=2006 |isbn=9788174952349 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rNxGvlOoUvsC}}</ref>
* ''Dr. Ambedkar: Life and Mission'' (1954) {{isbn|978-81-7154-237-6}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Ambedkar, life and mission by Dhananjay Keer {{!}} Open Library |url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL7195515W/Dr._Ambedkar_life_and_mission?edition=bwb_KT-627-913 |website=[[Open Library]] |access-date=18 February 2026 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stroud |first1=Scott R. |title=Pragmatism, Persuasion, and Force in Bhimrao Ambedkar's Reconstruction of Buddhism |journal=The Journal of Religion |date=2017 |volume=97 |issue=2 |pages=214–243 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26543639 |issn=0022-4189|via=[[JSTOR]]}}</ref>
* ''Lokmanya Tilak: Father of Indian Freedom Struggle'' (1959)<ref>{{cite web |title=Lokamanya Tilak, father of our freedom struggle by Dhananjay Keer {{!}} Open Library |url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL37438285W/Lokamanya_Tilak_father_of_our_freedom_struggle |website=[[Open Library]] |publisher=S. B. Kangutkar |access-date=22 February 2026 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Mahatma Jotirao Phooley: Father of the Indian Social Revolution'', 1964. Popular Prakashan {{ISBN|978-81-7154-066-2}}
* ''Mahatma Gandhi: Political Saint and Unarmed Prophet'' (1973)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Herman |first1=A. L. |title=Review of Mahatma Gandhi, Political Saint and Unarmed Prophet |journal=Philosophy East and West |date=1975 |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=108–110 |doi=10.2307/1398441 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1398441 |issn=0031-8221 |via=[[JSTOR]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rattan |first1=Ram |title=India: Mahatma Gandhi: Political Saint and unarmed prophet By Dhananjay Keer. Popular Prakashan, Bombay. 1973. 818p. Rs. 80.00. |journal=India Quarterly |date=1 April 1974 |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=169–170 |doi=10.1177/097492847403000218 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/097492847403000218 |language=EN |issn=0974-9284|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* ''Shahu Chattrapati: A Royal Revolutionary'' (1976) <ref>{{cite web |title=Shahu Chhatrapati : a royal revolutionary / Dhananjay Keer |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/catalog/2240263 |website=[[National Library of Australia]] |access-date=18 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pandit |first1=Nalini |title=Review of Shahu Chhatrapati: A Royal Revolutionary |journal=India Quarterly |date=1977 |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=124–126 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45070641 |access-date=22 February 2026 |issn=0974-9284|via=[[JSTOR]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1970–79}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keer, Dhananjay}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1984 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Pune]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]

{{India-writer-stub}}
{{Nonfiction-writer-stub}}

Ministry of Relief and Rehabilitation (Maharashtra)

2026-03-07T10:35:14Z

Prakashmishra1991:

{{Short description|Maharashtra government ministry responsible for Relief & Rehabilitation}}{{Infobox government agency
| native_name_a = '''मंत्रालय मदत आणि पुनर्वसन विभाग, महाराष्ट्र शासन'''
| type = ministry
| name = Ministry of Relief & Rehabilitation [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| native_name =
| seal = File:Seal of Maharashtra.svg
| seal_width = 200
| seal_caption = [[Emblem of Maharashtra|Seal of the state of Maharashtra]]
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| picture = Mantralay of Mumbai, Administrative Headquarters 03.jpg
| picture_caption = Building of Administrative Headquarters of Mumbai
| picture_width =
| jurisdiction = {{flagicon|India}} [[Maharashtra]]
| headquarters = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai|Mantralay]], [[Mumbai]]
| minister1_name = '''[[Makrand Jadhav|Makrand Jadhav - Patil]]'''
| minister1_pfo = 
[[Government of Maharashtra|Cabinet Minister]]
| deputyminister1_name = '''[[Ashish Jaiswal]]'''
| deputyminister1_pfo = 
[[Government of Maharashtra|Minister of State]]
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website =
| formed =
| employees =
| budget =
| chief1_name = ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
| chief1_position =
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| parent_department = [[Government of Maharashtra]]
}}

The '''Ministry of Relief & Rehabilitation''' is a Ministry of the [[Government of Maharashtra]].
state.

The Ministry is headed by a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet level]] Minister. '''[[Makrand Jadhav|Makrand Jadhav - Patil]]''' is Current Minister of Relief & Rehabilitation [[Government of Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tirodkar |first=Amey |date=2023-09-02 |title=Maharashtra: Contentious Report Coda Takes Over Debate on Farmer Suicides |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/agriculture/maharashtra-contentious-report-coda-takes-over-debate-on-farmer-suicides/article67248132.ece |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=Frontline |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IN PHOTOS: Here are 12 leaders who were left out in Devendra Fadnavis’s cabinet |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/photo/in-photos-here-are-12-leaders-who-were-left-out-in-devendra-fadnavis-cabinet-103370/4 |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-04 |title=Maharashtra Assembly poll preparations: NCP to begin Jansamman Yatra from Nashik on Aug 8 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/ncp-jansamman-yatra-maharashtra-assembly-polls-9494798/ |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Head office==
{{Infobox political post
| insignia = Seal of Maharashtra (1).svg
| insigniasize = 150px
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of India]]
| department = Ministry of Relief & Rehabilitation (Maharashtra)
| style = [[The Honourable]]
| post = {{big|Minister of Relief & Rehabilitation}} मंत्री मदत आणि पुनर्वसन विभाग
|image=
| incumbent = [[Makrand Jadhav|Makrand Jadhav - Patil]]
| member_of = State Cabinet
| reports_to = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]], 
[[Maharashtra Legislature]]
| seat = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai]]
| appointer = [[Governor of Maharashtra|Governor]] on the advice of the [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| termlength = 5 years
| inaugural = [[Vasantrao Naik]] 
(1960-1962)
| precursor =
* '''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]}}
(2024- 2024)
| deputy =
* '''[[Ashish Jaiswal]]'''
| formation = 1 May 1960
| body =
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| flagborder = yes
| website =
| abbreviation = Cabinet Minister
| incumbentsince = 21 December 2024
}}

==Cabinet Ministers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of Relief & Rehabilitation
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 May}} 1960
|{{small|07 March}} 1962
!{{ayd|1960|05|01|1962|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Yashwantrao Chavan ministry (Maharashtra)|'''Yashwantrao I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Yashwantrao Chavan 2010 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
|-
|02
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 March}} 1962
|{{small|19 November}} 1962
!{{ayd|1962|03|08|1962|11|19}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Yashwantrao Chavan ministry|'''Yashwantrao II''']]
|-
|03
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|20 November}} 1962
|{{small|24 November}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|20|1963|11|24}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Kannamwar ministry|'''Kannamwar l''']]
|[[Marotrao Kannamwar]]
|-
|04
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Interim Chief Minister)
|{{small|25 November}} 1962
|{{small|04 December}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|25|1962|12|04}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[P. K. Sawant ministry|'''Sawant''']]
|[[P. K. Sawant]]
|-
|05
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|05 December}} 1963
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
!{{ayd|1963|12|05|1967|03|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao I''']]
|rowspan="6" |[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]] [[Vasantrao Naik]]
|-
|06
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[S. K. Wankhede]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Sawargoan Constituency No. 49]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
!{{ayd|1967|03|01|1969|10|27}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao II''']]
|-
|07
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
!{{ayd|1969|10|27|1972|03|13}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|08
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Madhukar Dhanaji Chaudhari''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Raver Assembly constituency|Raver Constituency No. 11]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
!{{ayd|1972|03|13|1973|04|14}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao III''']]
|-
|09
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Shankarrao Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Bhokar Assembly constituency|Bhokar Constituency No. 85]]- [[Nanded District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
!{{ayd|1973|04|04|1974|03|17}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|10
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:A. R. Antulay with Shivraj Patil (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[A. R. Antulay|Abdul Rahman Antulay]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shrivardhan Assembly constituency|Shrivardhan Constituency No. 193]]- [[Raigad District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
!{{ayd|1974|03|17|1975|02|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|11
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Rafiq Zakaria]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 16 - [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
|{{small|16 April}} 1977
!{{ayd|1975|02|21|1977|04|16}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao I''']]
|rowspan="1"| [[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|12
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Shankarrao Bajirao Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Indapur Assembly constituency|Indapur Constituency No. 220]]- [[Pune District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 April }} 1977
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
!{{ayd|1977|04|17|1979|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#88CEEB"|[[First Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|13
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Madhukar Dhanaji Chaudhari''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Raver Assembly constituency|Raver Constituency No. 11]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
!{{ayd|1978|03|07|1978|07|18}}
|[[Indian National Congress (Indira)]]
| rowspan="1" bgcolor="#A3A3FF"|[[Second Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada II''']]
|-

|14
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Uttamrao Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Parola Constituency No. 16]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
|{{small|17 February}} 1980
!{{ayd|1978|07|18|1980|02|17}}
|[[Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#66FF66"| [[First Pawar ministry|'''Pawar I''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:The Union Minister for Agriculture and Food Processing Industries, Shri Sharad Pawar addressing at the launch of the Sahana Group’s New Marathi Channel “Jai Maharashtra”, in Mumbai on April 27, 2013 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|15
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Shalini Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Koregaon Assembly constituency|Koregaon Constituency No. 257]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 June}} 1980
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
!{{ayd|1980|06|09|1982|01|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Antulay ministry|'''Antulay''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:A. R. Antulay with Shivraj Patil (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[A. R. Antulay|Abdul Rahman Antulay]]
|-
|16
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|75px]]
|'''[[Babasaheb Bhosale]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nehrunagar Assembly constituency|Nehrunagar Constituency No. 172]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
|{{small|02 February}} 1983
!{{ayd|1982|01|21|1983|02|02}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Bhosale ministry|'''Bhosale''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|75px]] [[Babasaheb Bhosale]]
|-
|17
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Shantaram Gholap''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Murbad Assembly constituency|Murbad Constituency No. 139]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 February}} 1983
|{{small|05 March}} 1985
!{{ayd|1983|02|07|1985|03|05}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|18
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Sudhakarrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 March}} 1985
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
!{{ayd|1985|03|12|1985|06|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada IV''']]
|-
|19
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Vijaysinh Mohite Patil 2014-05-19 00-16.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vijaysinh Mohite-Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Malshiras Assembly constituency|Malshiras Constituency No. 254]]- [[Solapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
!{{ayd|1985|06|03|1986|03|12}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Nilangekar ministry|'''Nilangekar''']]
|[[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]]
|-
|20
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Bhagwantrao Gaikwad''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Kalameshwar Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
!{{ayd|1986|03|12|1988|06|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao II''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|21
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vijaysinh Mohite Patil 2014-05-19 00-16.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vijaysinh Mohite-Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Malshiras Assembly constituency|Malshiras Constituency No. 254]]- [[Solapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
!{{ayd|1988|06|26|1990|03|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Pawar ministry|'''Pawar II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|22
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:SHRI SHIVAJIRAO BAPUSAHEB DESHMUKH.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Shivajirao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 18 - [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
!{{ayd|1990|03|03|1991|06|25}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Pawar ministry|'''Pawar III''']]
|-
|23
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Anantrao Thopate''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Bhor Assembly constituency|Bhor Constituency No. 203]]- [[Pune District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
|{{small|22 February}} 1993
!{{ayd|1991|06|25|1993|02|22}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sudhakarrao Naik ministry|'''Sudhakarrao''']]
|rowspan="1" | [[Sudhakarrao Naik]]
|-
|24
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:SHRI SHIVAJIRAO BAPUSAHEB DESHMUKH.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Shivajirao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 18 - [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|06 March}} 1993
|{{small|14 March}} 1995
!{{ayd|1993|03|06|1995|03|14}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Pawar ministry|'''Pawar IV''']]
|[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|25
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Sudhir Joshi (politician)|Sudhir Joshi]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 21 - [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 March}} 1995
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
!{{ayd|1995|03|14|1999|02|01}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Manohar Joshi ministry|'''Joshi''']]
|rowspan="1" | [[File:Manohar Joshi cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Manohar Joshi]]
|-
|26
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Sabir Shaikh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Ambarnath Assembly constituency|Ambarnath Constituency No. 140]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
|{{small|11 May}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|02|01|1999|05|11}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Narayan Rane ministry|'''Rane''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Narayan Rane (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Narayan Rane]]
|-
|27
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Prakash Mehta in Mumbai.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Prakash Mehta]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Ghatkopar East Assembly constituency|Ghatkopar East Constituency No. 170]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|11 May}} 1999
|{{small|17 October}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|05|11|1999|10|17}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|28
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|19 October}} 1999
|{{small|27 October}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|10|19|1999|10|27}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|29
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''Vilasrao Balkrishna Patil - Undhalkar''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Karad South Assembly constituency|Karad South Constituency No. 260]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|27 October}} 1999
|{{small|16 January}} 2003
!{{ayd|1999|10|27|2003|01|16}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|30
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''Vilasrao Balkrishna Patil - Undhalkar''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Karad South Assembly constituency|Karad South Constituency No. 260]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 January}} 2003
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2003|01|11|2004|11|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sushilkumar Shinde ministry|'''Sushilkumar''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
|-
|31
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2004|11|01|2004|11|09}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|32
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[File:Babanrao_Pachpute.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Babanrao Pachpute]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shrigonda Assembly constituency|Shrigonda Constituency No. 226]]- [[Ahmednagar District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
|{{small|01 December}} 2008
!{{ayd|2004|11|09|2008|12|01}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|33
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
| '''[[Ramraje Naik Nimbalkar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Phaltan Assembly constituency|Phaltan Constituency No. 255]]- [[Satara District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 December}} 2008
|{{small|06 November}} 2009
!{{ayd|2008|12|08|2009|11|06}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok I''']]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Ashok Chavan With Coat.jpeg|80px]] [[Ashok Chavan]]
|-
|34
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Narayan Rane (cropped).jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Narayan Rane]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 03 - [[Sindhudurg District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 November}} 2009
|{{small|10 November}} 2010
!{{ayd|2009|11|07|2010|11|10}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok II''']]
|-
|35
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Prithviraj Chavan - India Economic Summit 2011.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Prithviraj Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 19 - [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|11 November}} 2010
|{{small|26 September}} 2014
!{{ayd|2010|11|11|2014|09|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Prithviraj Chavan ministry|'''Prithviraj''']]
|rowspan="1"| [[File:Prithviraj Chavan - India Economic Summit 2011.jpg|80px]] [[Prithviraj Chavan]]
|-
|36
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Eknath Khadse]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Muktainagar Assembly constituency|Muktainagar Constituency No. 20]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|31 October}} 2014
|{{small|04 June}} 2016
!{{ayd|2014|10|31|2016|06|04}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[First Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis I''']]
|rowspan="5" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|37
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) Additional Charge
|{{small|04 June}} 2016
|{{small|08 July}} 2016
!{{ayd|2016|06|04|2016|07|08}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|38
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:The Guardian Minister, Maharashtra, Shri Chandrakantdada Patil addressing at the inauguration of the Public Information Campaign, at Gadhinglaj, Dist. Kolhapur, Maharashtra on November 06, 2015.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Chandrakant Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kothrud Assembly constituency|Kothrud Constituency No. 210]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 July}} 2016
|{{small|16 June}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|06|04|2019|06|16}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|39
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:subhash-deshmukh2.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Subhash Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Solapur South Assembly constituency|Solapur South Constituency No. 251]]- [[Solapur District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|16 June}} 2019
|{{small|12 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|06|16|2019|11|12}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|40
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|-
|41
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Nitin Raut.jpeg|75px]]
|'''[[Nitin Raut]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur North Assembly constituency|Nagpur North Constituency No. 57]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|28|2019|12|30}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
|rowspan="4" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
|42
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Sanjay Rathod]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Digras Assembly constituency|Digras Constituency No. 79]]- [[Yavatmal District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|28 February}} 2021
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2021|02|28}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|-
|43
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
| [[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Uddhav Thackeray]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 25 - [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) Additional Charge
|{{small|28 February}} 2021
|{{small|09 July}} 2021
!{{ayd|2021|02|28|2021|07|09}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|44
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Vijay wadettiwar.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Bramhapuri Assembly constituency|Bramhapuri Constituency No. 73]]- [[Chandrapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 July}} 2021
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2021|07|09|2022|06|29}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|45
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
| [[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Eknath Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi Constituency No. 147]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2022|08|14}}
|[[Shiv Sena]] (Shinde Group)
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|rowspan="3" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
|46
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
| [[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Eknath Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi Constituency No. 147]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
|{{small|14 July}} 2023
!{{ayd|2022|08|14|2023|07|14}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|-
|47
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Anil Bhaidas Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Amalner Assembly constituency|Amalner Constituency No. 16]]- [[Jalgaon District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 July}} 2023
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2023|07|14|2024|11|26}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|48
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|05 December}} 2024
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
!{{ayd|2024|12|05|2024|12|21}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|49
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Makrand Jadhav|Makrand Jadhav - Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Wai Assembly constituency|Wai Constituency No. 256]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|''Incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]] (Ajit pawar Group)
|-

|}

==Ministers of State ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Deputy Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Minister
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="11"| Deputy Minister of Relief and Rehabilitation
|-
!colspan="04"| '''''The Post of Deputy Minister / Minister of States has been kept Vacant from 23 November 2019 To 28 November 2019'''''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Prajakt Tanpure]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Rahuri Assembly constituency|Rahuri Constituency No. 223]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2022|06|29}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
|
*[[Sanjay Rathod]] (2019 - 2021
*[[Uddhav Thackeray]] (2021 - 2021
*[[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]] (2021 - 2022)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
!colspan="04"| '''''The Post of Deputy Minister / Minister of States has been kept Vacant from 30 June 2022'''''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2024|11|26}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|
*[[Eknath Shinde]] (2022 - 2023)
*[[Anil Bhaidas Patil]] (2023 – 2024)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
|02
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
|
|'''[[Ashish Jaiswal]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Ramtek Assembly constituency|Ramtek Constituency No. 59]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
| {{small|21 December}} 2024
|''Incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|Shiv Sena]] (Shinde Group)
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color| Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| '''[[Third Fadnavis ministry|Fadnavis III]]'''
|[[Makrand Jadhav|Makrand Jadhav - Patil]] (2024 – Present)
| rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{State agencies of Maharashtra}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ministry of Relief and Rehabilitation (Maharashtra)}}
[[Category:Government of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Government ministries of Maharashtra]]

Lara Dutta

2026-03-06T08:01:15Z

Prakashmishra1991: added info

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1978)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lara Dutta Bhupathi
| image = Lara Dutta snapped promoting Ranneeti (2).jpg
| caption = Dutta in 2024
| image_size =
| birth_place = [[Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh]], India
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1978|04|16|df=y}}
| yearsactive = 1995–present
| title = [[Miss Universe 2000]] [[Femina Miss India|Miss India 2000]] Miss Intercontinental 1997
| occupation = Actress
| education = [[University of Mumbai]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Mahesh Bhupathi]]|2011}}
| children = 1
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Lara Dutta|Full list]]
}}

'''Lara Dutta Bhupathi''' ({{nee}} '''Dutta'''; born 16 April 1978) is an Indian actress. The winner of Miss Intercontinental 1997 and [[Miss Universe 2000]] pageants, she has since predominantly worked in [[Hindi]] films and series. Dutta is a recipient of a [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Award]] and established herself as a prominent leading actress in the 2000s.

Dutta made her acting debut with ''[[Andaaz]]'' (2003), which won her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=CROWN AND BEYOND: A peek at Lara Dutta's spectacular journey! - Beauty Pageants|work=Beauty Pageants|access-date=29 November 2022|url=https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/miss-diva/crown-and-beyond-a-peek-at-lara-duttas-spectacular-journey/articleshow/93135938.cms}}</ref> She went on to star in several commercially successful films, including the comedies ''[[Masti (2004 film)|Masti]]'' (2004), ''[[No Entry]]'' (2005), ''[[Bhagam Bhag]]'' (2006), ''[[Partner (2007 film)|Partner]]'' (2007), ''[[Housefull (2010 film)|Housefull]]'' (2010), and ''[[Chalo Dilli]]'' (2011), and the action film ''[[Don 2]]'' (2011).<ref>{{Cite web|title=7 best Lara Dutta movies showcasing her remarkable talent|work=Pinkvilla|access-date=15 September 2024|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/lara-dutta-movies-1299012|date=24 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lara Dutta on being her busiest at 40: 'It's the best time as I'm getting to play more versatile and layered characters'|work=Firstpost|access-date=21 July 2023|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/lara-dutta-on-being-her-busiest-at-40-its-the-best-time-as-im-getting-to-play-more-versatile-and-layered-characters-10257041.html|date=5 January 2022}}</ref> Following a hiatus, Dutta appeared in the British drama miniseries ''[[Beecham House]]'' in 2019 and portrayed [[Indira Gandhi]] in the film ''[[Bell Bottom (2021 film)|Bell Bottom]]'' (2021). She has since taken on roles in streaming series such as ''[[Hundred (Indian TV series)|Hundred]]'' (2020), ''[[Kaun Banegi Shikharwati]]'' (2022) and ''[[Ranneeti: Balakot & Beyond]]'' (2024).

In addition to her acting career, Dutta has hosted several award shows and has her own line of beauty care products. She is married to tennis player [[Mahesh Bhupathi]], with whom she has a daughter.

==Early life and background==
Dutta was born 16 April 1978<ref name="NDTV_Lara_Dutta">{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/inside-lara-duttas-40th-birthday-party-1838940 |title=Inside Lara Dutta's 40th Birthday Party |publisher=NDTV |access-date=14 December 2018 |date=17 April 2018 |first=Shruti |last=Shiksha |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215022126/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/inside-lara-duttas-40th-birthday-party-1838940 |url-status=live}}</ref> to a [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] Hindu father and an [[Anglo-Indian]] mother in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Seetharamaiah">{{cite news |last=Seetharamaiah |first=K.V.|title=Lara's culmination of a dream |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/laras-culmination-of-a-dream/articleshow/47846125.cms?referral=PM |work=The Times of India |date=29 May 2003 |access-date=4 April 2014 |archive-date=29 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029171906/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Laras-culmination-of-a-dream/articleshow/47846125.cms?referral=PM |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://wonderwoman.intoday.in/story/what-makes-lara-dutta-the-it-girl/1/88100.html |title=What makes Lara Dutta the 'It' girl |website=wonderwoman.intoday.in |access-date=23 January 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130923/http://wonderwoman.intoday.in/story/what-makes-lara-dutta-the-it-girl/1/88100.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Her father was [[Wing commander (rank)|Wing Commander]] L. K. Dutta (retired) and her mother is Jennifer Maureen Dutta (née Storey).<ref>{{cite web |author=Padma Subba Rao |url=https://english.newstracklive.com/ampnews/unknown-facts-and-throwback-pictures-of-lara-dutta-on-occasion-of-her-birthdaypics-inside-sc-nu-1006983-1.html |title=Facts and throwback pictures of Lara Dutta on the occasion of her birthday. |date=16 April 2019 |access-date=16 April 2020 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012042626/https://english.newstracklive.com/ampnews/unknown-facts-and-throwback-pictures-of-lara-dutta-on-occasion-of-her-birthdaypics-inside-sc-nu-1006983-1.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mid-day.com/specials/2011/may/080511-jennifer-dutta-lara-dutta-mothers-day.htm |website=mid-day.com |title=We are a simple middle-class family |access-date=23 January 2016 |archive-date=25 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125203218/http://www.mid-day.com/specials/2011/may/080511-jennifer-dutta-lara-dutta-mothers-day.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Nitin Sawhney]], who is a music composer and DJ is Dutta's cousin.<ref name="ns">{{cite web |url=http://sl2uk.com/content/nitinsawhney.shtml |title=Political Animal, Musical Genius, Healing potion — Nitin Sawhney |website=s12uk.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218222956/http://sl2uk.com/content/nitinsawhney.shtml |archive-date=18 February 2007 |access-date=23 January 2016}}</ref>

Dutta moved to [[Bengaluru]] in 1981 where she completed high school at the St. Francis Xavier Girls' High School and Frank Anthony Public School. She graduated with a degree in economics and a minor in communications from the [[University of Mumbai]].<ref name="IndiaToday">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/featurephilia/story/beauty-pageant-1026148-2017-07-25 |title=From Sushmita Sen to Diana Hayden, see how educated your favourite Indian beauty pageant winners are |work=India Times |date=25 July 2017 |access-date=19 April 2018 |archive-date=30 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330141206/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/featurephilia/story/beauty-pageant-1026148-2017-07-25 |url-status=live}}</ref> She is fluent in English and [[Hindi]] and can also speak [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Kannada]].<ref name="IndiaToday" />

==Pageantry==
Dutta won the annual [[Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest]] in 1995,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Lara-Dutta-wins-Gladrags-battle/articleshow/1076583.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103205726/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-04-13/india/27855662_1_lara-dutta-brand-ambassador-contest |url-status=live |archive-date=3 January 2013 |title=Lara Dutta wins Gladrags battle |date=13 April 2005 |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=21 July 2012}}</ref> thus winning the right to enter the 1997 Miss Intercontinental Pageant. She was later crowned Miss Intercontinental 1997.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.missintercontinental.com/contestants/article/lara-dutta-india |title=Lara Dutta profile |publisher=Missintercontinental.com |access-date=21 July 2012}}{{Dead link|date=October 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 2000, she entered and won the [[Femina Miss India]] contest receiving the title of Femina Miss India Universe. This allowed her to represent India at the [[Miss Universe 2000]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/miss-universe/15-times-lara-dutta-bhupathi-made-us-proud/articleshow/75178613.cms |title=15 times Lara Dutta Bhupathi made us proud |work=Beauty Pageants (Miss India Organization) |date=16 April 2020 |first=Heta |last=Khakhar}}</ref>

Dutta won [[Miss Universe 2000]] in Cyprus.<ref name=crown>{{cite web |author=Ranny Singka |url=http://www.behindthecrown.com/weekworlduniverse.html |title=The on-line magazine covering the Miss USA, Miss Universe, Miss Teen USA, Miss America, and Miss World Pageants |publisher=Behind The Crown |access-date=30 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202035305/http://www.behindthecrown.com/weekworlduniverse.html |archive-date=2 February 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Dutta was crowned by the outgoing titleholder [[Mpule Kwelagobe]] of Botswana. In the same year, [[Priyanka Chopra]] and [[Dia Mirza]] won their respective [[Miss World]] and Miss Asia Pacific titles which gave India a rare triple victory in the world of beauty pageants.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lara Dutta shares a THEN & NOW picture with Priyanka Chopra and Dia Mirza |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/lara-dutta-shares-a-then-now-picture-with-priyanka-chopra-and-dia-mirza |publisher=Free Press Journal |date=24 September 2019 |access-date=16 April 2020 |archive-date=27 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927075132/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/lara-dutta-shares-a-then-now-picture-with-priyanka-chopra-and-dia-mirza |url-status=live}}</ref> During her reign as Miss Universe, she visited 42 countries.<ref name=crown/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/archives/1991-2000/articleshow/5022005.cms |title=Miss India Winners 1991–2000 |publisher=Feminamissindia.indiatimes.com |access-date=30 November 2011 |archive-date=29 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329100350/http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/archives/1991-2000/articleshow/5022005.cms |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/miss-diva/mapping-the-glorious-legacy-of-lara-dutta/eventshow/84377963.cms|title=Mapping the glorious legacy of LARA DUTTA! |publisher=Feminamissindia.indiatimes.com |access-date=17 July 2024}}</ref> She is the second woman from India to be crowned Miss Universe. She received the highest score in the swimsuit competition and her finale interview score is the highest individual score in any category in the history of the Miss Universe contest.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lara Dutta created a Miss Universe record that no one has broken yet |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/celebrity/story/lara-dutta-created-a-miss-universe-record-that-no-one-has-broken-yet-1337497-2018-09-11 |website=India Today |date=11 September 2018 |access-date=30 July 2019 |archive-date=20 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820181825/https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/celebrity/story/lara-dutta-created-a-miss-universe-record-that-no-one-has-broken-yet-1337497-2018-09-11 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Dutta has been a [[United Nations Population Fund Goodwill Ambassador]] since 2001.<ref name="un">''UNFPA Goodwill Ambassadors'' profile page, [https://web.archive.org/web/20030420190802/http://www.unfpa.org/ambassadors/dutta.htm Available online]</ref> Dutta has stated, "Celebrities with the power to affect their impressionable minds therefore have a moral responsibility to impart positive messages. I am committed to using any influence I may have to do just that as a Goodwill Ambassador of the [[United Nations Population Fund]] (UNFPA)".<ref>{{cite web |title=Doing our part: Mass media's response to adolescents |url=https://www.unicef.org/sowc2011/laradutta.php |website=Unicef |access-date=1 August 2019 |archive-date=1 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801113437/https://www.unicef.org/sowc2011/laradutta.php |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Acting career==
===Debut and early work (2003–2004)===
Dutta made her screen debut in 2003 with ''[[Andaaz]]'', playing Kajal opposite [[Akshay Kumar]]. In the film, Dutta's voice was dubbed by [[Mona Ghosh Shetty]] as the filmmakers wanted two distinct characters for the female leads and they needed Kajal, Dutta's character, to have a high-pitched voice.<ref>{{cite web |title=5 things you didn't know about Lara Dutta, Priyanka Chopra's Andaaz |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/may/23/13381 |website=Cinestaan |access-date=5 August 2019 |archive-date=5 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805103944/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/may/23/13381 |url-status=live}}</ref> According to Dutta, her role as the tomboy Kajal revealed a new and very private side of her on screen.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/lara-dutta-chat/story-Xt2ARP4QULSh5phth1BY7I.html |title=Lara Dutta chat |date=3 September 2003 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=16 March 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326165146/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/lara-dutta-chat/story-Xt2ARP4QULSh5phth1BY7I.html |archive-date=26 March 2020 |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> ''Andaaz'' became a major box office success and won her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/news/type/view/id/1192968 |title='Andaaz' Celebrations: Rocking |last=Adarsh, Taran |date=29 August 2009 |website=Bollywood Hungama |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016185910/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/news/type/view/id/1192968 |archive-date=16 October 2014 |access-date=22 July 2013}}</ref> Derek Elley of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' noted that Dutta wins the acting stakes and handle her character reversals with aplomb.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://variety.com/2003/film/reviews/andaaz-1200541000/ |title=Andaaz Movie Review |work=Variety |date=18 June 2003 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref> A critic of ''[[BBC]]'' opined that she "impresses" in emotional scenes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/2003/05/andaaz.shtml |title=Andaaz Review |work=BBC UK |access-date=18 December 2020}}</ref> Later the year, she played Kesar, a village girl opposite [[Abhishek Bachchan]] in ''[[Mumbai Se Aaya Mera Dost]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/msamd/20030821.htm |title=Sneak preview: Mumbai Se Aaya Mera Dost |last=Someshwar |first=Savera R |date=21 August 2003 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=4 April 2024}}</ref>

Dutta started 2004 with a cameo appearance in ''[[Khakee (film)|Khakee]]'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Music Hits 2000–2009 (Figures in Units)|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215081557/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5&PHPSESSID=108b9056cd4ca14236f9c6119d34dcce|archive-date=15 February 2008|publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> in the song "Aisa Jadoo", which went on to become a chartbuster upon release and earned her the [[Stardust Awards|Stardust Award for Exciting New Face]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnnworld.com/stardust.php|title=Stardust Awards – Celebrating New Talent|last=Motwani|first=Ashok|date=21 February 2005|website=Diaspora News & Network|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622060014/https://www.dnnworld.com/stardust.php}}</ref> She then played Monica who lures three married men, in ''[[Masti (2004 film)|Masti]]'' which was a commercial success.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=457|title=Masti - Movie - Box Office India|website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref> Priya Ganapati of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' stated that she plays her character well.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/apr/09masti.htm|title=Masti is non-vegetarian fun|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> In ''[[Bardaasht]]'' which failed to do well at the box office, she played an advocat opposite [[Bobby Deol]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/bardaasht-film-qxnzzxq6vlgtnzk5nje0 |title=BARDAASHT (2004) [12A] - BBFC |date=19 May 2017 |publisher=[[BBFC]] |access-date=10 July 2022 |archive-date=10 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710125409/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/bardaasht-film-qxnzzxq6vlgtnzk5nje0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Subhash K. Jha noted, "As a lawyer Lara delivers her lines with conviction. One wishes there was more of her."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/review/7041.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040906155429/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/review/7041.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 September 2004|title = Bollywood Cinema News | Bollywood Movie Reviews | Bollywood Movie Trailers - IndiaGlitz Bollywood}}</ref> She then appeared in the Tamil film, ''[[Arasatchi]]'', which was supposed to be her debut release in 2002 but due to financial problems, it was postponed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2004 |title=Arasatchi |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/arasatchi-review-tamil-pclv8mcdficgc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228200919/http://www.sify.com/movies/arasatchi-review-tamil-pclv8mcdficgc.html |archive-date=28 December 2016 |access-date=29 July 2019 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> In her final film of the year, ''[[Aan: Men at Work]]'' she played a police officer's lover opposite Akshay Kumar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jun/04aan.htm|title=The great big testosterone overdrive!|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> Dutta revealed in an interview that she was offered a role in [[The Matrix (franchise)|''The Matrix'' franchise]] but turned down the offer due to her mother's illness at the time.<ref>{{cite web |title="It is true that I was offered a role in The Matrix" – Lara Dutta |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/it-is-true-that-i-was-offered-a-role-in-the-matrix-lara-dutta/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=16 April 2010 |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729081026/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/it-is-true-that-i-was-offered-a-role-in-the-matrix-lara-dutta/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Breakthrough, success and acclaim (2005–2010)===
The year 2005 marked a turning point in her career with six releases. Dutta first played a journalist in ''[[Insan]]'' opposite [[Ajay Devgn]] and a criminal's lover opposite [[John Abraham]] in ''[[Elaan (2005 film)|Elaan]]'', both of which were box office failures.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BOI Portal |date=2005 |title=Insan - Movie - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=424 |publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> Dutta then played Sanjana, who marries for money and frame her husband for her fake death in ''[[Jurm (2005 film)|Jurm]]'', opposite Bobby Deol.<ref>{{cite web |date=2005-03-07 |title=Film review: 'Jurm' starring Bobby Deol, Lara Dutta |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20050307-film-review-jurm-starring-bobby-deol-lara-dutta-788591-2005-03-07 |website=India Today}}</ref> Vivek Fernandes stated, "Lara has a meaty role; she sizzles in the first half, goes a bit over the top toward the end but overall turns in a commendable performance."<ref>{{cite web |date=2005-02-08 |title=Jurm is gripping enough! |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/feb/18jurm.htm |website=Rediff News}}</ref> In ''[[Kaal (2005 film)|Kaal]]'', she played Ishika opposite [[Vivek Oberoi]]. The film was a moderate success at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kaal|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=211|access-date=2012-07-13|publisher=Boxofficeindia.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229131030/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=211|archive-date=29 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dutta then appeared in ''[[No Entry]]'' opposite [[Anil Kapoor]], which went on to become the biggest success of the year.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-09|title= Box Office - sify.com|website=[[Sify]] |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=plupkWecjihdh|access-date=2022-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909011451/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=plupkWecjihdh|archive-date=9 September 2017}}</ref> She played Kajal, a suspicious wife and [[Taran Adarsh]] felt she played the character to "perfection", in one of her most uninhibited works.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|title=No Entry Review 3.5/5 {{!}} No Entry Movie Review {{!}} No Entry 2005 Public Review {{!}} Film Review|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=26 August 2005 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/no-entry/critic-review/no-entry-movie-review/|access-date=2021-07-01|language=en}}</ref> Her final release that year, ''[[Dosti: Friends Forever]]'' saw her pair opposite Bobby Deol, and play an NRI.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/dosti-friends-forever/story-UJBmd7UdKQFaVHhhxEdrqK.html|title=Dosti - Friends Forever|date=31 December 2005|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Patcy N stated that she looks "good", but her role is far too short.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/dec/23dosti.htm|title=Dosti: Avoid forever!|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> ''No Entry'' earned her a nomination for [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060618/world.htm |title='Black' bags major IIFA awards |work=The Tribune |agency=Press Trust of India |location=Dubai, United Arab Emirates |date=18 June 2006 |access-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911224255/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060618/world.htm |archive-date=11 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Laradatta2 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Dutta at an event in 2005]]

In 2006, Dutta first appeared in ''[[Zinda (film)|Zinda]]'' as a taxi driver opposite [[John Abraham]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=379|title=Zinda - Movie|website=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=27 May 2023|archive-date=27 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527155417/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=379|url-status=live}}</ref> She then had a special song appearance in ''[[Alag]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/far-removed-from-the-rest/cid/1284899|title=Far removed from the rest|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> Dutta then played Aditi / Munni, a lady with suicidal tendencies opposite Akshay Kumar in ''[[Bhagam Bhag]]'', which was a box office success.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=284 |title=Bhagam Bhag |website=boxofficeindia.com |access-date=2024-04-10}}</ref> A critic of ''[[Idlebrain]]'' found her to be just "adequate".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://idlebrain.com/mumbai/reviews/bhagambhag.html |title=Bhagam Bhag Review — Akshay, Lara, Govinda|website=Idlebrain |access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref> She then had a cameo appearance as Zeenat in ''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Verma, Sukanya|date=26 May 2006|title=Watch Fanaa for Aamir, Kajol!|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/may/26fansuk.htm|access-date=26 August 2009|publisher=Rediff|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112439/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/may/26fansuk.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Dutta started 2007 with ''[[Jhoom Barabar Jhoom]]'', playing double-role of Anaida and Laila, opposite Bobby Deol and Abhishek Bachchan. The film was a moderate success.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jhoom Barabar Jhoom Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jhoom-barabar-jhoom/box-office/|access-date=24 September 2024|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=15 June 2007 }}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] found her to be hilarious in the post-interval portions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Review: Jhoom Barabar Jhoom |url=https://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/review-jhoom-barabar-jhoom/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729104410/https://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/review-jhoom-barabar-jhoom/ |archive-date=29 July 2019 |access-date=29 July 2019 |website=Rajeev Masaand Reviews}}</ref> Dutta then played Naina, a single mother and reporter opposite [[Salman Khan]] in ''[[Partner (2007 film)|Partner]]'', one of the year's highest-grossing film.<ref>{{cite web |work=boxofficeindia.com |title=Box office status for Partner |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/partnersensation.htm |access-date=26 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824054319/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/partnersensation.htm |archive-date=24 August 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salman Khan promotes Lara Dutta's web series, actress says Love You Partner |work=India Today |date=24 April 2020 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/salman-khan-promotes-lara-dutta-s-web-series-hundred-actress-says-love-you-partner-1670496-2020-04-24 |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> Syed Firdaus Ashraf was appreciative of her chemistry with Khan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Partner is a laugh riot! |work=Rediff |url=https://m.rediff.com/amp/movies/2007/jul/20partner.htm}}</ref> She then made a special appearance in ''[[Om Shanti Om]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Cool retro music in Om Shanti Om |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/sep/19oso.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019113236/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/sep/19oso.htm |archive-date=19 October 2012 |access-date=15 August 2011 |work=Rediff.Com}}</ref> and later presented a documentary film titled ''Sold: An MTV EXIT Special by Charmaine Choo'' which followed the tragedy of trafficking in South Asia where thousand of young girls and boys are sold into modern-day slavery.<ref>{{cite web |title=Documentary Film : Sold: An MTV EXIT Special by Charmaine Choo |date=7 March 2011 |url=http://trafficking-monitor.blogspot.com/2011/03/watch-documentaries-online-promote.html |access-date=30 July 2019 |archive-date=30 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730152708/http://trafficking-monitor.blogspot.com/2011/03/watch-documentaries-online-promote.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2008, Dutta voiced Sonia, a female elephant in the animated film, ''[[Jumbo (2008 film)|Jumbo]]'' opposite Akshay Kumar.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jumbo: Movie Review|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-12-25/news/28489549_1_gulshan-grover-akshay-kumar-lara-dutta|work=Economic Times|author=Gaurav Malani|date=25 December 2008|access-date=1 September 2012|archive-date=2 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602194918/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-12-25/news/28489549_1_gulshan-grover-akshay-kumar-lara-dutta|url-status=dead}}</ref> She made a special appearance in ''[[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]]'' in the song "[[Phir Milenge Chalte Chalte]]" where she paid tribute to actress [[Helen (actress)|Helen]].<ref>[http://www.calendarlive.com/movies/reviews/cl-et-couple15-2008dec15,0,7796516.story Abele, Robert. "''Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (A Match Made by God)'',"] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''</ref> Dutta started 2010 with ''[[Billu Barber]]'' opposite [[Irrfan Khan]], playing Bindiya, a poor barber's wife. The film was a moderate success at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 January 2009 |title=Lara Dutta's new avatar in Billu Barber |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/lara-duttas-new-avatar-in-billu-barber/ |access-date=5 October 2023}}</ref> For her performance, she earned [[Stardust Award for Best Actress]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |author=Ritujaay Ghosh |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/i-would-have-done-billu-barber-at-any-cost-lara-dutta/story-qO85H3Nr8mEniHG2WHx2KP.html |title=I would have done Billu Barber at any cost: Lara Dutta |date=7 February 2009 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=16 April 2020 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012042626/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/i-would-have-done-billu-barber-at-any-cost-lara-dutta/story-qO85H3Nr8mEniHG2WHx2KP.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Dutta then played a supermodel opposite [[Govinda]] in ''[[Do Knot Disturb]]''<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/02/movies/02knot.html | title=Bollywood Laughs | newspaper=The New York Times | date=2 October 2009 | last1=Saltz | first1=Rachel }}</ref> and a businessman's wife in ''[[Blue (2009 film)|Blue]]'' opposite [[Sanjay Dutt]], both of which were commercial failures.<ref name="sify.com">{{cite web |url=http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=14913612 |title=Lara Dutta on Blue and a rocking 2009 |work=Sify |access-date=26 February 2011 |archive-date=23 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223114629/http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=14913612 |url-status=dead}}</ref> For ''Blue'', Taran Adarsh stated, "Lara has never looked so good before. Though the story revolves around the guys, you can't overlook her small but significant contribution to the film."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/13837/index.html|title=Movie Reviews By Taran Adarsh|last=Adarsh|first=Taran|author-link=Taran Adarsh|date=19 October 2009|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=19 October 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830041612/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/13837/index.html|archivedate=30 August 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In her only release of 2010, Dutta played a Gujarati bartender opposite [[Riteish Deshmukh]], in ''[[Housefull (2010 film)|Housefull]]''. The film emerged a major commercial success and collected {{INRConvert|1.14|b}} at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/may/03/housefull-gets-biggest-opening-since-3-idiots.htm |title=Housefull gets biggest opening since 3 Idiots |author=Vinod Marani |date=3 May 2010 |work=Rediff |access-date=17 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=317&catName=MjAxMC0yMDE5 |title=Boxofficeindia.com |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |access-date=30 November 2011 |archive-date=14 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014094622/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=317&catName=MjAxMC0yMDE5 |url-status=live}}</ref> Gaurav Malani from ''[[IndiaTimes]]'' found Dutta to be "alluring".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/Housefull-Movie-Review/moviereview/5873192.cms |title=Housefull: Movie Review |last=Malani |first=Gaurav |date=30 April 2010 |publisher=IndiaTimes|access-date=9 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504004751/http://movies.indiatimes.com/Housefull-Movie-Review/moviereview/5873192.cms|archive-date=4 May 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Komal Nahta]] stated that Dutta proves that she can be fantastic in comedies.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-review-housefull-is-a-comedy-of-errors-1377429#google_vignette |title=Review: 'Housefull' is a comedy of errors |work=DNA India |access-date=28 November 2016}}</ref> Her performance in the film earned her a nomination for [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 January 2011 |title=Winners of Zee Cine Awards 2011 |work=Sify |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/winners-of-zee-cine-awards-2011-news-bollywood-lbpkcaiadaa.html |url-status=dead |access-date=20 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121030503/http://www.sify.com/movies/winners-of-zee-cine-awards-2011-news-bollywood-lbpkcaiadaa.html |archive-date=21 January 2011}}</ref>

===Sporadic work and expansion (2011–2020)===
[[File:Dutta at an event for 'Chalo Dilli' promotions, 2011.jpg|thumb|Dutta promoting ''Chalo Dilli'' in 2011]]

Dutta's first film of 2011 was ''[[Chalo Dilli]]'', her first film as a producer. She played Mihika, an investment banker alongside [[Vinay Pathak]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Lara, Vinay: An odd couple|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Lara-Vinay-An-odd-couple/articleshow/7662414.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509204816/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-10/news-interviews/28676632_1_vinay-pathak-lara-dutta-film|url-status=live|archive-date=9 May 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2011-04-14|date=10 March 2011}}</ref> The film was a moderate success, as it was made on a modest budget of {{INRConvert|50|m}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/Chalo-Dilli/amp_movie_review/8107120.cms |title=Chalo Dilli Movie Review |work=The Times of India |date=3 May 2016 |access-date=13 February 2018 |archive-date=24 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424060213/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/Chalo-Dilli/amp_movie_review/8107120.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Taran Adarsh found her performance to be "convincing" despite some rough edges. She earned another Stardust Best Actress nomination for the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/chalo-dilli/critic-review/chalo-dilli-movie-review/ |title=Chalo Dilli Movie Review: Chalo Dilli Movie |work=Bollywood Hungama|date=29 April 2011 }}</ref> She next appeared alongside [[Shah Rukh Khan]] in ''[[Don 2]]'', playing one of his companion. She also sang "Zara Dil Ko Thaam Lo" for the film.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-lara-dutta-excited-about-her-super-sophisticated-role-in-don-2-1469809 |title=Lara Dutta excited about her super-sophisticated role in 'Don 2' |work=Daily News and Analysis|date=21 November 2010 |access-date=7 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Review: Don 2 music is safe, self-conscious|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/music-review-don-two/20111118.htm|author=Verma, Sukanya|work=Rediff.com|date=18 November 2011|access-date=12 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620082049/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/music-review-don-two/20111118.htm|archive-date=20 June 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It emerged as one of the highest-grossing films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4409&nCat= |title=Boxofficeindia.com |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |access-date=5 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102223818/http://boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4409&nCat= |archive-date=2 November 2013}}</ref>

Following her post-pregnancy break from acting, Dutta appeared in the 2013 Hindi film ''[[David (2013 Hindi film)|David]]'', playing a mother, Neelam, this film was partially reshot in Tamil [[David (2013 Tamil film)|in the same title]] where Dutta's character name was Gayathri.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/more/news/view/id/1441884 |title=Lara Dutta to star in Bejoy Nambiar's David |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=24 May 2012 |access-date=6 July 2012 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100017/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/more/news/view/id/1441884 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rapold |first=Nicolas |date=2013-02-03 |title=3 Guys Bound by Only a Name |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/04/movies/david-hindi-film-by-bejoy-nambiar.html |access-date=2023-02-22 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210034741/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/04/movies/david-hindi-film-by-bejoy-nambiar.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2015, she played Emily, a translator alongside Akshay Kumar in ''[[Singh Is Bliing]]'', which emerged a financial success, grossing over {{INR}} 1.16 billion worldwide.<ref>[http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/special-features/id/532 Special Features: Box Office: Worldwide Collections of Singh Is Bliing – Box Office, Bollywood Hungama] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529125544/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/special-features/id/532/ |date=29 May 2016 }}. Bollywoodhungama.com. Retrieved on 28 October 2015.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-5-box-office-records-that-akshay-kumar-s-singh-is-bliing-has-made-so-far-2131554 |title=5 box office records that Akshay Kumar's 'Singh is Bliing' has made so far! |date=5 October 2015 |access-date=8 May 2018 |archive-date=22 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022142803/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-5-box-office-records-that-akshay-kumar-s-singh-is-bliing-has-made-so-far-2131554 |url-status=live}}</ref> Tushar Joshi from ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' was appreciative of her comic timing.<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-singh-is-bliing-review-despite-the-rehashing-and-repackaging-lara-dutta-steals-the-show-from-akshay-kumar-2130924 Singh is Bliing review: Despite the rehashing and repackaging, Lara Dutta steals the show from Akshay Kumar!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812001459/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-singh-is-bliing-review-despite-the-rehashing-and-repackaging-lara-dutta-steals-the-show-from-akshay-kumar-2130924 |date=12 August 2023 }}. [[Daily News and Analysis|DNA]]. Tushar Joshi. 2 October 2015</ref>

Dutta played Leena, in her first film of 2016, ''[[Fitoor]]''. Rachit Gupta of ''[[Filmfare]]'' praised her supporting part.<ref>{{cite web |title=Katrina Kaif, Aditya Roy Kapur starrer 'Fitoor' wraps shooting |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/katrina-kaif-aditya-roy-kapur-starrer-fitoor-wraps-shooting/ |publisher=Indian Express |access-date=7 October 2015 |date=2 October 2015 |archive-date=28 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928022954/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/katrina-kaif-aditya-roy-kapur-starrer-fitoor-wraps-shooting/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie review: Fitoor |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/filmfare-review-of-fitoor-12182.html |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref> She then played an advocate in [[Azhar (film)|''Azhar'']].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Emraan-Hashmi-turns-Azharuddin-on-Azhar-poster/articleshow/51648354.cms |title="Emraan Hashmi turns Azharuddin on 'Azhar' poster" |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 January 2017 |access-date=8 May 2018 |archive-date=5 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805152338/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Emraan-Hashmi-turns-Azharuddin-on-Azhar-poster/articleshow/51648354.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Mehul S Thakkar of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' found her performance to be "controlled yet aggressive".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/130516/azhar-movie-review-not-a-biopic-but-emraan-hashmi-gets-it-right.html |title=Azhar movie review: Not a biopic but Emraan Hashmi gets it right |work=Deccan Chronicle|date=13 May 2016 }}</ref> Both of her releases were commercial failures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2610|title=Disney India – Biggest Hits Ever in 2016 But Shutdown}}</ref> Post this, Dutta played Sophie in the 2018 film [[Welcome to New York (2018 film)|''Welcome to New York'']], a box office failure.<ref>{{cite web |title=Diljit Dosanjh, Sonakshi Sinha join Karan Johar in his next acting venture, Welcome to New York |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/diljit-dosanjh-sonakshi-sinha-join-karan-johar-in-his-next-acting-venture-welcome-to-new-york/story-vKbNPeIUUxhEgLKEvQfkMK.html&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwiZn9XTsvvYAhUERo8KHcOiBdkQFjACegQIEhAB&usg=AOvVaw3lmIRmD1iOfQiAnrYi0XK8h.html |website=hindustantimes |access-date=18 January 2018 |language=en |date=18 January 2018}}{{Dead link|date=October 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Dutta ventured into television series with the 2019 [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] English series, ''[[Beecham House]]''. where she played Begum Samru.<ref>{{cite news |title=ITV commissions epic new drama Beecham House |url=https://www.itv.com/presscentre/press-releases/itv-commissions-epic-new-drama-beecham-house |accessdate=31 August 2018 |work=ITV Press Centre |date=20 Mar 2018 |language=en |archive-date=31 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831174759/https://www.itv.com/presscentre/press-releases/itv-commissions-epic-new-drama-beecham-house |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Beecham House review – one man and his beard try to save India |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/jun/23/beecham-house-review-one-man-and-his-beard-try-to-save-india |website=The Guardian |date=23 June 2019 |access-date=30 July 2019 |archive-date=15 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715111808/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/jun/23/beecham-house-review-one-man-and-his-beard-try-to-save-india |url-status=live}}</ref> She expanded to web shows in 2020, with ''[[Hundred (TV series)|Hundred]]'', playing a police inspector Soumya.<ref>{{cite web | title=Hundred trailer: Rinku Rajguru is an undercover agent for tough cop Lara Dutta in new Disney+ Hotstar series | website=Hindustan Times | date=April 21, 2020 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/hundred-trailer-rinku-rajguru-is-an-undercover-agent-for-tough-cop-lara-dutta-in-new-disney-hotstar-series/story-IxjGzjmNbl0Q674AtcgbrJ.html | access-date=April 21, 2020}}</ref> Divyanshi Sharma of ''[[India Today]]'' stated, "Lara Dutta makes an impressive web-series debut with the show. The actress lets her eyes do the talking in various scenes and delivers every dialogue with finesse."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/hundred-review-lara-dutta-and-rinku-rajguru-make-a-zingaat-entry-into-digital-space-1670884-2020-04-25 |title=Hundred Review: Lara Dutta and Rinku Rajguru make a Zingaat entry into digital space |work=India Today |date=25 April 2020 |accessdate=2020-04-25}}</ref>

===Streaming projects (2021–present)===
Dutta started 2021 with her portrayal of former [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Indira Gandhi]] in the spy film ''[[Bell Bottom (2021 film)|Bell Bottom]]'' alongside Akshay Kumar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/bell-bottom-becomes-first-film-to-start-and-finish-shooting-during-coronavirus-pandemic-1727203-2020-10-01 |title=Bell Bottom becomes first film to start and finish shooting during coronavirus pandemic |first=Sulabha |last=Torkham |date=1 October 2020 |access-date=1 October 2020 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=1 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001214941/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/bell-bottom-becomes-first-film-to-start-and-finish-shooting-during-coronavirus-pandemic-1727203-2020-10-01 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 August 2021 |title=Lara Dutta opens up about playing Indira Gandhi in BellBottom, how she landed the role |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/lara-dutta-opens-up-about-playing-indira-gandhi-in-bellbottom-how-she-landed-the-role-101628044325829.html |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The film became a commercial failure,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=6140|title=Bell Bottom - Movie|website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> but Monika Rawal Kukreja was appreciative of her performance and termed her "terrific".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/bellbottom-movie-review-akshay-kumar-is-tailor-made-for-this-spy-thriller-lara-dutta-nails-it-as-indira-gandhi-101629306285297.html|title=BellBottom movie review: Akshay Kumar brings an edge-of-the-seat thriller, Lara Dutta and Vaani Kapoor impress|date=18 August 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/is-that-lara-dutta-twitter-is-in-awe-of-actress-bell-bottom-transformation-2501857|title="Is That Lara Dutta?": Twitter Is In Awe Of Actress' Bell Bottom Transformation|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> She then played Vasudha, a divorcee and single mother on a fun ride, in the series ''Hiccups and Hookups''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2021 |title=Hiccups and Hookups review: Swipe right on Lara Dutta, Prateik Babbar's light-hearted fam-jam |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/hiccups-and-hookups-review-swipe-right-on-lara-dutta-prateik-babbar-and-shinnova-s-light-hearted-famjam-101638047636346.html |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 January 2022 |title=Lara Dutta, Prateik Babbar's Hiccups And Hookups Season 2 announced |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/lara-dutta-prateik-babbar-s-hiccups-and-hookups-season-2-announced-1905693-2022-01-28 |work=India Today}}</ref> The following year, Dutta played Devyani, princess of a dyfunctional royal family in the series ''[[Kaun Banegi Shikharwati]]'' opposite [[Cyrus Sahukar]].<ref>{{Cite news |accessdate=27 January 2022 |title=Kaun Banegi Shikharwati Season 1 Review : A fun, breezy take on a dysfunctional royal family |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/kaun-banegi-shikharwati/season-1/seasonreview/88564805.cms |work=Times Of India}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' opined that she was fine as a comedienne and "ably aided" the cast.<ref>{{Cite news |accessdate=31 January 2022 |title=Kaun Banegi Shikharwati review: The bar is low but the spirits are high |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1014395/kaun-banegi-shikharwati-review-the-bar-is-low-but-the-spirits-are-high |work=Scroll.in}}</ref>

In 2023, Dutta first appeared in the anthology film ''[[Ishq-e-Nadaan]]'', playing an industrious Ramona. The film received mixed reviews and was released on [[JioCinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohit Raina, Neena Gupta, Lara Dutta, Kanwaljit Singh join forces for Ishq E Nadaan|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/neena-gupta-mohit-raina-lara-dutta-kanwaljit-singh-join-forces-for-ishq-e-nadaan-7955546/|access-date=2023-07-04 |website=The Indian Express|date=6 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2023 |title=Ishq-E-Nadaan Movie Review: Three Starchy Stories Of Innocent Love |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/streaming-reviews/ishq-e-nadaan-movie-review-three-starchy-stories-of-innocent-love-neena-gupta-lara-dutta-mohit-raina-jio-cinema |work=Film Companion}}</ref> She then played a semi-classical vocalist Wilayat, in the series ''[[Charlie Chopra & The Mystery Of Solang Valley]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Charlie Chopra and The Mystery Of Solang Valley trailer: Wamiqa Gabbi leads Vishal Bhardwaj's Agatha Christie mystery|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/charlie-chopra-trailer-vishal-bhardwaj-agatha-christie-murder-mystery-series-sony-liv-8926214/|access-date=6 September 2023|work=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=6 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906034547/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/charlie-chopra-trailer-vishal-bhardwaj-agatha-christie-murder-mystery-series-sony-liv-8926214/|url-status=live}}</ref> Pratikshya Mishra of ''[[The Quint]]'' stated that despite limited screen time, Dutta maintains her character's mystery.<ref>{{Cite news |accessdate=29 December 2023 |title=Charlie Chopra & The Mystery of Solang Valley' Review: Often Hums; Seldom Sings |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/charlie-chopra-full-show-murder-mystery-review-mystery-of-solang-valley-vishal-bhardwaj-agatha-christie#read-more#read-more |work=The Quint}}</ref>

In her first release of 2024, Dutta played Manisha, National Security Bureau head in the series, ''[[Ranneeti: Balakot & Beyond]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |title=5 Years of Balakot airstrike: JioCinema shares a preview of Ranneeti: Balakot & Beyond starring Lara Dutta, Jimmy Shergill, Ashutosh Rana and more |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/5-years-balakot-airstrike-jiocinema-shares-preview-ranneeti-balakot-beyond-starring-lara-dutta-jimmy-shergill-ashutosh-rana/ |access-date=27 February 2024 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=26 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Vinamra Mathur of ''[[Firstpost]]'' noted, "The actress brims with a certain sense of vibrancy, especially in her scene with Shergill."<ref>{{Cite news |accessdate=26 April 2024 |title=JioCinema's 'Ranneeti: Balakot & Beyond' review: Jimmy Shergill and Lara Dutta's show needed to be crisper |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jiocinemas-ranneeti-balakot-beyond-review-jimmy-shergill-and-lara-duttas-show-needed-to-be-crisper-13762724.html/amp |work=The Firstpost}}</ref> She received nomination for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series at the [[Filmfare OTT Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/danube-properties-filmfare-ott-awards-2024-full-list-of-nominated-series-and-films-article-115769264|title=Danube Properties Filmfare OTT Awards 2024: FULL List Of Nominated Series And Films|date=28 November 2024|access-date=29 November 2024|language=en-In|work=Times Now}}</ref>

==Other ventures==
===Television===
Dutta has hosted the [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]] five times.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iifa.com/iifa-years/iifa-years-2002/|title=IIFA Through the Years|access-date=17 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810052007/http://www.iifa.com/iifa-years/iifa-years-2002/|archive-date=10 August 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> She first hosted the [[3rd IIFA Awards]] in 2002 and subsequently the [[7th IIFA Awards]] with [[Fardeen Khan]] in 2006, [[8th IIFA Awards]] with [[Boman Irani]] in 2007 and the [[10th IIFA Awards]] and [[11th IIFA Awards]] in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The last two times she co-hosted with both Boman Irani and [[Riteish Deshmukh]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/toronto-to-host-2011-iifa-awards/552482 | title=Toronto to host 2011 IIFA Awards | date=10 December 2009 | newspaper=The Indian Express | accessdate=3 February 2019 }}</ref> In 2018, Dutta turned a talent judge on the reality show ''High Fever''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/lara-dutta-ahmed-khan-to-judge-new-dance-reality-show-high-fever-dance-ka-naya-tevar-4332179.html |title=Lara Dutta to judge new dance reality show, High Fever |work=First Post |date=2 February 2018 |access-date=18 September 2018 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918231106/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/lara-dutta-ahmed-khan-to-judge-new-dance-reality-show-high-fever-dance-ka-naya-tevar-4332179.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Philanthropy and other work===
[[File:Lara Dutta launches her 'Prenatal Yoga' DVD (8).jpg|thumb|Dutta in 2012, at her ''Prenatal Yoga'' DVD launch]]

Dutta is active in [[pre-natal]] [[yoga]] on YouTube.<ref name=Youtube>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCSFobwvQTg&spfreload=10 |title=Prenatal Yoga Routine – Lara Dutta |website=YouTube |date=29 May 2012 |access-date=23 January 2016 |archive-date=9 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309124931/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCSFobwvQTg&spfreload=10 |url-status=live}}</ref> During her pregnancy in 2012, she launched a DVD consisting of pre-natal routines and [[meditation]] techniques.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20120618-lara-dutta-yoga-gym-fitness-exercise-caffeine-pregnancy-758690-2012-06-06 |title=Lara Dutta on how to stay in fighting shape |publisher=India Today |date=6 June 2012 |access-date=17 April 2018 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418032134/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20120618-lara-dutta-yoga-gym-fitness-exercise-caffeine-pregnancy-758690-2012-06-06 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.rediff.com/getahead/report/slide-show-1-video-lara-duttas-prenatal-yoga-tips/20120516.htm |title=Lara Dutta's prenatal yoga tips |publisher=rediff |date=16 May 2012 |access-date=17 April 2018 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418031827/http://m.rediff.com/getahead/report/slide-show-1-video-lara-duttas-prenatal-yoga-tips/20120516.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> Dutta was appointed as a [[United Nations Population Fund|UNFPA]] [[United Nations Population Fund Goodwill Ambassador|Goodwill Ambassador]] in 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unfpa.org/press/unfpa-names-miss-universe-2000-lara-dutta-goodwill-ambassador |title=UNFPA Names Miss Universe 2000, Lara Dutta, as Goodwill Ambassador |publisher=United Nations Population Fund |date=15 January 2001 |access-date=18 September 2018 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918232120/https://www.unfpa.org/press/unfpa-names-miss-universe-2000-lara-dutta-goodwill-ambassador |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2017, Dutta began mentoring contestants at the [[Miss Diva]] contest. She stated "It's exciting to be a part of this journey in finding the perfect representative who is the Indian face of beauty, who possesses elegance, confidence, poise and intelligence. This journey has always been close to my heart and I hope this season is the one that brings us that exceptional girl who will bring the Miss Universe crown back to India".<ref>{{cite web |title=Lara Dutta to mentor Miss Diva – Miss Universe India 2017 |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/lara-dutta-to-mentor-miss-diva-miss-universe-india-2017 |website=The Free Press Journal |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729101705/https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/lara-dutta-to-mentor-miss-diva-miss-universe-india-2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2011, Dutta initiated a campaign called "Kick For Change", for underprivileged kids.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lara Dutta kicks it for under-privileged kids |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/lara-dutta-kicks-it-for-under-privileged-kids/story-Wi9ePCY83wyRxOB7YKBM7O.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=11 September 2018 |date=5 December 2011}}</ref> Later, she participated in ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]'' to raise funds for an acid attack victim.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lara Dutta participates in KBC to help acid attack victim |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/lara-dutta-participates-in-kbc-to-help-acid-attack-victim/story-QFooGaTxfiknrhQ6KzQjzH.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=10 January 2019 |date=21 November 2012}}</ref> In 2019, Dutta launched her own vegetarian beauty care product brand called Arias.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lara Dutta to turn entrepreneur with skincare brand ARIAS; range to be launched in 2018 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/lara-dutta-to-turn-entrepreneur-with-skincare-brand-arias-range-to-be-launched-in-2018-4379831.html/amp |work=First Post |date=7 March 2018 |access-date=16 April 2020 |archive-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307092200/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/lara-dutta-to-turn-entrepreneur-with-skincare-brand-arias-range-to-be-launched-in-2018-4379831.html/amp |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://everythingexperiential.businessworld.in/amp/article/Lara-Dutta-unveils-her-skincare-brand-Arias-at-Health-and-Glow-Mumbai/12-10-2019-177426/ |title=Lara Dutta unveils her skincare brand, Arias at Health and Glow, Mumbai |date=12 October 2019 |access-date=16 April 2020 |archive-date=25 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225051028/http://everythingexperiential.businessworld.in/amp/article/Lara-Dutta-unveils-her-skincare-brand-Arias-at-Health-and-Glow-Mumbai/12-10-2019-177426/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

==In the media==
[[File:Lara Dutta in 2009.jpg|thumb|Dutta in 2009]]

Commenting on Dutta's career and her roles, Subhash K. Jha noted, "Lara is subtle yet upfront, strong but fragile, she encompasses the best of both worlds - feminine and aggressive, within her personality."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/mar/07lara.htm |title=All I wanted was an item number |last=Jha |first=Subhash K |date=7 March 2003 |work=Rediff.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210024054/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/mar/07lara.htm |archive-date=10 February 2020 |access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref> Sweta Kaushal of ''[[Forbes India]]'' stated, "Dutta has always been very clear about her choices. She always knew what were her priorities."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lara Dutta's Journey From Acting and Film Production to Entrepreneurship |work=Forbes India |first=Sweta |last=Kaushal |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/swetakaushal/2022/04/10/lara-duttas-journey-from-acting-and-film-production-to-entrepreneurship/ |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref> Rajiv Vijayakar of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' finds her to be "versatile".<ref name="LDBSB">{{Cite web |title=Bees Saal Baad: How stars who started out in 2003 have fared |first=Rajiv |last=Vijayakar |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/bees-saal-baad-stars-started-2003-fared/ |access-date=12 March 2023 |work=Bollywood Hungama|date=11 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lara Dutta says she took a break from acting because she got tired of playing the hero's wife and felt jaded |url=https://m.economictimes.com/magazines/panache/lara-dutta-says-she-took-break-from-acting-because-she-got-tired-of-playing-heros-wife-and-felt-jaded/articleshow/89089223.cms |access-date=28 January 2022 |work=Economics Times |date=24 January 2022 }}</ref> In ''[[Rediff.com]]''{{'}}s "Best Bollywood Actresses" list, Dutta was placed 10th in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |author=Sen, Raja |work=Rediff.com |title=The most powerful actresses of 2007 |date=18 December 2007 |url=https://specials.rediff.com/yearend/2007/dec/18yrpoweractress2.htm |access-date=30 August 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428042544/https://specials.rediff.com/yearend/2007/dec/18yrpoweractress2.htm |archive-date=28 April 2009}}</ref> She was further placed 4th in its "Top OTT Actresses" list of 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/special/my-top-ott-actresses-of-2020/20201223.htm|title=Top OTT Actresses of 2020|date=23 December 2020|accessdate=29 December 2020|website=Rediff.com}}</ref> In the [[The Times of India|''Times'' Most Desirable Women]] list, Dutta was placed 6th in 2009 and 28th in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title=2009 Most Desirable Women: Lara Dutta - No 6 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/celebs/2009-most-desirable-women-lara-dutta-no-6/videoshow/11836255.cms |website=Times of India |access-date=21 February 2013 |archive-date=11 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111033210/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/celebs/2009-most-desirable-women-lara-dutta-no-6/videoshow/11836255.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Times 50 Most Desirable Women 2010 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/times-50-most-desirable-women/articleshow/7241772.cms |website=Times of India |date=9 January 2011 |access-date=23 January 2014 |archive-date=19 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219033210/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/times-50-most-desirable-women/articleshow/7241772.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2009, she was also placed 9th in ''[[Maxim (India)|Maxim]]''{{'s}} "Hot 100" list.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/story/sexy-bips-tops-maxim-hot-100-list-56233-2009-09-09 |title=Sexy Bips tops Maxim Hot 100 list |work=India Today |access-date=19 November 2012 |archive-date=19 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219063445/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/story/sexy-bips-tops-maxim-hot-100-list-56233-2009-09-09 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Times of India'' also placed her 24th in its "50 Beautiful Faces" list.<ref>{{cite web |title=Photos - 50 Beautiful Faces: 100 years of Indian Cinema |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=23 December 2021 |url=https://m.photos.timesofindia.com/movies/100-yrs-of-indian-cinema/50-beautiful-faces-100-years-of-indian-cinema/morphshow/19727090.cms}}</ref>

Dutta is known for her eloquent speaking skills.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.storypick.com/8-reasons-lara-dutta/amp/ |title=Reasons That Make Lara Dutta Stand Apart From The Other Beauty Queens |date=16 April 2016 |author=Tarana Arora}}</ref> She has been a vocal supporter of the [[Me Too movement (India)|Me Too movement]] in India. Dutta stated that "I think it is about time. It is fantastic as I feel the difference today is that women are standing up for women. I think that comes from a generation shift. The older generation was largely taught that women should be quiet and don't speak up; that they don't come to the forefront because they should be homemakers. Women today still do all of that. We always manage the home, take care of family, we are still the troubleshooters, we wear multiple hats in a day, we juggle a million works, and we don't let any of them drop. But now this generation of women have become more vocal, and they are empowering each other, which is a much better situation. I cannot stress enough about how essential it is to have a sisterhood, to support other women that are speaking up. Be unafraid and be unapologetic about the stand that you take, especially against male entitlement."<ref>{{cite web |title=Lara Dutta: Journey from Miss Universe to a business woman |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/bollywood/lara-dutta-journey-from-miss-universe-to-a-business-woman |website=Khaleej Times |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-date=7 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507033210/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/bollywood/lara-dutta-journey-from-miss-universe-to-a-business-woman |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Dutta briefly dated American professional baseball player [[Derek Jeter]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.espn.com/classic/biography/s/Jeter_Derek.html |title=Jeter Drives the Yankees |publisher=[[ESPN Classic]] |last=Acocella |first=Nick |date=9 September 2006 |access-date=23 July 2009 |archive-date=28 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628184537/http://espn.go.com/classic/biography/s/Jeter_Derek.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1020985/2/index.htm |title=The Toast of the Town |magazine=Sports Illustrated |last=Verducci |first=Tom |author-link=Tom Verducci |date=6 November 2000 |volume=93 |issue=19 |access-date=18 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091109150858/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1020985/2/index.htm |archive-date=9 November 2009}}</ref> She had a nine-year relationship with actor and model [[Kelly Dorji]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-still-love-Kelly-says-Lara/articleshow/2514755.cms |title='I still love Kelly,' says Lara |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 November 2007 |access-date=23 November 2015 |archive-date=12 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812002539/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-still-love-Kelly-says-Lara/articleshow/2514755.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2008, she briefly dated actor and supermodel [[Dino Morea]], but they broke up in 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-01-22 |title=It's official: Dino Morea is dating Lara Dutta |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/it-s-official-dino-morea-is-dating-lara-dutta/story-gNyDDlUTlNhHtd7NwTCstK.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203014732/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/it-s-official-dino-morea-is-dating-lara-dutta/story-gNyDDlUTlNhHtd7NwTCstK.html |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=2025-07-14 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tahseen |first=Ismat |title=Lara Dutta took my friend Dino Morea away from me, says Kelly Dorjee |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-lara-dutta-took-my-friend-dino-morea-away-from-me-says-kelly-dorjee-1375649 |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=[[DNA India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2009 |title=Dino is not my best friend anymore: Kelly |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/story/dino-is-not-my-best-friend-anymore-kelly-42860-2009-03-26 |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

In September 2010, became engaged to Indian tennis player, [[Mahesh Bhupathi]].<ref name=bollywood>{{cite news |agency=[[Bollywood]] |title=Lara Dutta and Mahesh Bhupathi to tie the knot |date=18 February 2011 |url=http://www.bollygraph.com/actress/lara-dutta-and-mahesh-bhupathi-to-tie-the-nod/3879/ |work=[[Bollywood]] |location=[[Mumbai]] |access-date=18 February 2011 |archive-date=8 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708082024/http://www.bollygraph.com/actress/lara-dutta-and-mahesh-bhupathi-to-tie-the-nod/3879/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=bollygraph>{{cite news |first=Chinki |last=Gupta |title=Lara Dutta super-excited about "new" character in Don-2 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |location=New Delhi |date=19 September 2010 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Lara-Dutta-super-excited-about-new-character-in-Don-2/Article1-602083.aspx |access-date=20 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921202434/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Lara-Dutta-super-excited-about-new-character-in-Don-2/Article1-602083.aspx |archive-date=21 September 2010}}</ref> They married on 16 February 2011 in a civil ceremony in Mumbai and followed it with a Christian ceremony on 20 February 2011 at Sunset Point in Goa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mahesh Bhupathi and Lara Dutta exchange wedding vows |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/Mahesh-Bhupathi-and-Lara-Dutta-exchange-wedding-vows/articleshow/7530614.cms |date=2 February 2011 |access-date=23 January 2016 |archive-date=5 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105131059/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-20/off-the-field/28625396_1 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 February 2011 |title=Lara, Mahesh exchange vows in Goa |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/south/story/lara-dutta-mahesh-bhupati-get-married-in-goa-129010-2011-02-18 |work=India Today}}</ref> In August 2011, Dutta announced her pregnancy. On 20 January 2012, she gave birth to their daughter Saira Bhupathi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lara Dutta is pregnant! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Lara-Dutta-is-pregnant/articleshow/9443021.cms |access-date=1 August 2011 |date=1 August 2011 |archive-date=5 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105094741/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-01/news-interviews/29838384_1_lara-dutta-marriage-front-miss-universe |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2012 |title=Lara-Mahesh blessed with a baby girl |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Lara-Mahesh-blessed-with-a-baby-girl/Article1-799814.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214210610/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/lara-mahesh-blessed-with-a-baby-girl/article1-799814.aspx |archive-date=14 December 2014 |access-date=20 January 2012 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
*''All films are in Hindi unless otherwise noted.''

===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Film
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" |2003
| ''[[Andaaz]]''
| Kajal
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/lara-dutta-excited-to-shoot-with-akshay-kumar/articleshow/47122214.cms |title=Lara Dutta 'excited' to shoot with Akshay Kumar |date=1 May 2015 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=16 March 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200326161819/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/lara-dutta-excited-to-shoot-with-akshay-kumar/articleshow/47122214.cms |archive-date=26 March 2020 |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mumbai Se Aaya Mera Dost]]''
| Kesar
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2004
| ''[[Khakee (film)|Khakee]]''
| Herself
| Special appearance in the song "Aisa Jado"; footage reused in the Telugu film ''[[Satyameva Jayate (2009 film)|Satyameva Jayate]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/feb/13telugu-review-satyameva-jayate.htm|title=Review: Satyameva Jayate|access-date=17 May 2013|archive-date=17 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717055816/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/feb/13telugu-review-satyameva-jayate.htm|url-status=live|work=Rediff.com|quote=The movie has its share of songs including the item number Aisa Jadoo (in Telugu) by Lara Dutta}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Masti (2004 film)|Masti]]''
| Monica Singh
|
|
|-
| ''[[Bardaasht]]''
| Advocate Payal
|
|
|-
| ''[[Arasatchi]]''
| Lara
| [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] film
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2003 |title=A long wait |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/07/17/stories/2003071701190401.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023053747/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/07/17/stories/2003071701190401.htm |archive-date=23 October 2010 |access-date=1 December 2016 |website=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Aan: Men at Work]]''
| Kiran Kumar
|
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |2005
| ''[[Insan]]''
| Meghna Malhotra
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Insan (2005) |date=13 August 2011 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/55992/Insan |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=16 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714233334/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/55992/Insan |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Elaan (2005 film)|Elaan]]''
| Sonia Singh
|
|
|-
| ''[[Jurm (2005 film)|Jurm]]''
| Sanjana Malhotra
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kaal (2005 film)|Kaal]]''
| Ishika Malhotra
|
|
|-
| ''[[Ek Ajnabee]]''
| Adult Anamika
| (special appearance)
|
|-
| ''[[No Entry]]''
| Kaajal Singhania
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/lara-dutta-reveals-rejecting-bipasha-basus-role-in-no-entry-i-was-offered-two-roles-9299617/lite/ |title=Lara Dutta reveals rejecting Bipasha Basu's role in No Entry: I was offered two roles |date=30 April 2024 |work=The Indian Express |accessdate=28 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Dosti: Friends Forever]]''
| Kajal Sharma
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534204/Dosti%20-%20Friends%20Forever|title=Dosti: Friends Forever (2005)|date=13 August 2011 |website=Bollywood Hungama|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110021347/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534204/Dosti%20-%20Friends%20Forever|archive-date=10 November 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=16 June 2014}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2006
| ''[[Zinda (film)|Zinda]]''
| Jenny Singh
|
|
|-
| ''[[Alag]]''
| Herself
| Cameo appearance in the song "Sabse Alag"
|
|-
| ''[[Bhagam Bhag]]''
| Aditi Desai / Nisha Chauhan / Munni / Sheetal{{efn|Dutta portrayed a single character with two or more names.|name=more}}
|
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-review/Bhagam-Bhaag/movie-review/903798.cms|title=Movie review : Bhagam Bhaag|last1=Kazmi|first1=Nikhat|date=22 December 2006|work=The Times of India|access-date=7 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108020548/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-review/Bhagam-Bhaag/movie-review/903798.cms|archive-date=8 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]''
| Zeenat
| Special appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2007
| ''[[Jhoom Barabar Jhoom]]''
| Anaida Raza / Laila{{efn|Dutta portrayed a single character with two or more names.|name=more}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[Partner (2007 film)|Partner]]''
| Naina Sahani
|
|
|-
| ''[[Om Shanti Om (film)|Om Shanti Om]]''
| Herself
| Special appearance in song "Deewangi Deewangi"
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54373 |title=Om Shanti Om (2007) |website=Bollywood Hungama |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025045139/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54373 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |access-date=18 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2008
| ''[[Jumbo (2008 film)|Jumbo]]''
| Sonia
| Voice only
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumbo (2008) |date=13 August 2011 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201901/Jumbo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714223619/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201901/Jumbo |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=16 June 2014 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]]''
| Herself
| Special appearance in song "[[Phir Milenge Chalte Chalte]]"
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2009
| ''[[Billu Barber]]''
| Bindiya Rao Pardesi
|
|
|-
| ''[[Do Knot Disturb]]''
| Dolly
|
|
|-
| ''[[Blue (2009 film)|Blue]]''
| Mona
|
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/blue-442|title=Movie review : Blue|last1=Chopra|first1=Anupama|date=16 October 2009|access-date=8 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908181441/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/blue-442|archive-date=8 September 2014|url-status=live|publisher=NDTV}}</ref>
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Housefull (2010 film)|Housefull]]''
| Hetal Patel
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Housefull (2010) |date=13 August 2011 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/549425/Housefull |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=16 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714233321/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/549425/Housefull |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011
| ''[[Chalo Dilli]]''
| Mihika Banerjee
| Also producer
|
|-
| ''[[Don 2]]''
| Ayesha
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013
| ''[[David (2013 Hindi film)|David]]''
| Neelam
|
|<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/No-theatrical-trailer-for-Bejoy-s-next-film-David/Article1-971820.aspx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213014654/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/No-theatrical-trailer-for-Bejoy-s-next-film-David/Article1-971820.aspx | url-status=dead | archive-date=13 December 2012 | work=Hindustan Times | title=No theatrical trailer for Bejoy's next film David | date=12 December 2012}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[David (2013 Tamil film)|David]]''
| Gayathri
| Tamil film
|
|-
|2015
| ''[[Singh Is Bliing]]''
| Emily
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016
| ''[[Fitoor]] ''
| Leena Becker
|Special appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Azhar (film)|Azhar]]''
| Advocate Meera Verma
|
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Welcome to New York (2018 film)|Welcome To New York]]''
| Sophia
|
|
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Bell Bottom (2021 film)|Bell Bottom]]''
| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |2023
| ''[[Ishq-e-Nadaan]]''
| Ramona Singh
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lara Dutta and Neena Gupta starrer 'Ishq-e-nadaan' to be out on this date|url=https://theprint.in/feature/lara-dutta-neena-guptas-ishq-e-nadaan-to-be-out-on-this-date/1654747/|access-date=19 November 2023|website=The Print|date=4 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|2026
|{{pending film|Welcome to the Jungle}}
|{{TableTBA}}
| rowspan="2"| Completed
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 September 2023 |title=Akshay Kumar shares hilarious 'Welcome 3' teaser on his birthday, film to release in December next year |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumar-shares-hilarious-welcome-3-teaser-on-his-birthday-film-to-release-in-december-next-year/articleshow/103532240.cms?from=mdr |access-date=10 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome 3 Announcement: Akshay Kumar, Lara Dutta, Disha Patani And Others - It's A Party |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/welcome-3-announcement-akshay-kumar-raveena-tandon-disha-patani-and-others-its-a-party-4374156 |access-date=10 September 2023 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | TBA
| {{Pending film|Suryast}}
| Avantika
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/lara-dutta-patralekhaa-come-together-revenge-thriller-titled-suryast-shoot-wraps-uk/|title=Lara Dutta and Patralekhaa come together for revenge thriller titled Suryast; shoot wraps in UK|work=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=15 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film|Ramayana}}
|[[Kaikeyi]]
| Filming
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://in.mashable.com/entertainment/72729/first-pics-from-ranbir-kapoors-ramayan-set-are-going-viral-lara-dutta-as-kaikeyi-arun-govil-as-dashr|title=First Pics From Ranbir Kapoor's Ramayan Set Are Going Viral: Lara Dutta As Kaikeyi, Arun Govil As Dashrath And More|work=Mashable India|accessdate=5 April 2024}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Film
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Beecham House]]''
| Begum Samru
| English series
|
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Hundred (Indian TV series)|Hundred]] ''
| ACP Saumya Shukla
|
|
|-
| 2021
| ''Hiccups and Hookups''
| Vasudha
|
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Kaun Banegi Shikharwati]]''
| Devyani Shikharwat Goel
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 December 2021|title=Kaun Banegi Shikharwati trailer: This dysfunctional royal family is a hoot|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/kaun-banegi-shikharwati-trailer-zee5-7687258/|access-date=11 January 2022|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Charlie Chopra & The Mystery Of Solang Valley]]''
| Wilayat Hussain
|
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/lara-dutta-on-charlie-chopra-and-the-mystery-of-solang-valley-8547227/|title=Lara Dutta on Charlie Chopra and The Mystery Of Solang Valley: 'Working with Vishal and Rekha Bhardwaj dream come true'|work=The Indian Express|date=10 April 2023|accessdate=10 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Ranneeti: Balakot & Beyond]]''
| Manisha Bharadwaj
|
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/lara-dutta-announces-new-series-ranneeti-balakot-and-beyond-with-teaser-watch-2420498-2023-08-13|title=Lara Dutta announces new series 'Ranneeti Balakot and Beyond' with teaser. Watch|work=India Today |date=13 August 2023|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref>
|}

==Accolades==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Lara Dutta}}

Dutta is a recipient of [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]] for ''Andaaz''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/deep750/FilmfareAwards.pdf?attredirects=0|title=Filmfare Nominees and Winners|format=PDF|work=Filmfare|pages=116–119|access-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019034032/https://sites.google.com/site/deep750/FilmfareAwards.pdf?attredirects=0|archive-date=19 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Bollywood}}
* [[List of Hindi film actresses]]
* [[Miss Universe]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach}}
{{S-bef|before={{flagicon|Botswana}} [[Mpule Kwelagobe]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Miss Universe]]
|years=[[Miss Universe 2000|2000]]}}
{{S-aft|after={{flagicon|Puerto Rico}} [[Denise Quiñones]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Gul Panag]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Femina Miss India]]
|years=[[Femina Miss India#Representatives to Miss Universe|2000]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Celina Jaitly]]}}
{{S-bef|before={{flagicon|French Polynesia}} Timeri Baudry}}
{{s-ttl|title=Miss Intercontinental
|years=1997}}
{{S-aft|after={{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Jana Ina|Janaína Berenhauser]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{Navboxes
|title = Awards and titles for Lara Dutta
|list =

{{Miss Universe titleholders}}

{{Miss Universe 2000 delegates}}
{{Miss India winners in the Grand Slam pageants}}
{{Miss Universe Organization titleholders
|Year = 2000
|Miss Universe= {{flagicon|India}} '''Lara Dutta'''
|Miss USA= [[Lynnette Cole]], Tennessee
|Miss Teen USA= [[Jillian Parry]], Pennsylvania
}}
{{Big Four Pageants titleholders
|Year = 2000
|Miss Universe={{flagicon|India}} '''Lara Dutta'''
|Miss World={{flagicon|India}} [[Priyanka Chopra]]
|Miss International={{flagicon|Venezuela}} Vivian Urdaneta
}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
{{ScreenAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dutta, Lara}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Actresses from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Beauty pageant contestants from India]]
[[Category:Femina Miss India winners]]
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
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[[Category:Miss Universe 2000 contestants]]
[[Category:Miss Universe winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:People from Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Female models from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Female models from Uttar Pradesh]]

Thangappathakkam

2026-03-04T04:52:03Z

Prakashmishra1991: Added A Info Added Tags

{{short description|1974 film by P. Madhavan}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Thangappathakkam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[P. Madhavan]]
| writer = [[Mahendran (filmmaker)|Mahendran]]
| based_on = {{Based on|''Thangappathakkam''|Mahendran}}
| producer = Shanthi Narayanaswamy T. Manohar
| starring = [[Sivaji Ganesan]] [[K. R. Vijaya]] [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]] [[Prameela]]
| cinematography = [[P. N. Sundaram]]
| editing = R. Devarajan
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = [[Sivaji Productions]]
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1974|6|1}}
| runtime = 164 minutes{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=262}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Thangappathakkam''''' ({{translation|[[Gold medal]]}}) is a 1974 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[crime drama film]], directed by [[P. Madhavan]] and written by [[Mahendran (filmmaker)|Mahendran]]. Based on Mahendran's play of the same name, the film stars [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[K. R. Vijaya]], [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]] and [[Prameela]]. It focuses on a disciplined police officer who is dedicated to his job, while his rebellious son, on the contrary, is a criminal and resents his father. Ganesan reprises his role from the play.

''Thangappathakkam'' was released on 1 June 1974. The film was a commercial success, running for over 175 days in theatres, and thereby becoming a [[silver jubilee film]]. It served as an inspiration for the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Kondaveeti Simham]]'' (1981), the [[Hindi]] film ''[[Shakti (1982 film)|Shakti]]'' (1982) and the [[Kannada]] film ''[[Kadamba (2004 film)|Kadamba]]'' (2004).

== Plot ==
Choudhry is a strict and committed police officer. Though a loving husband and father, his top priority is his duty. While he upholds the principles of justice and honesty, his son Jagan proves contrary to this even at a young age. After his father berates him for skipping school and indulging in [[Gambling in India|gambling]], Jagan runs away from home. He lands in [[Mumbai|Bombay]], where he is caught by the police for a petty theft and sent to [[Youth detention center|juvenile prison]]. Though Choudhry's wife Lakshmi longs to meet their son, Choudhry prevents her as he feels it would hamper Jagan's reformation process.

Years later, Choudhry is promoted to [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]. Jagan, after his release, returns home. While affectionate towards his mother, he still dislikes his father. This hatred has been ingrained over the years since his father had ignored him for the sake of duty. Jagan falls in love with a woman named Vimala, marries and brings her home. Choudhry and Lakshmi accept her, hoping that all differences have been sorted out and they would now be able to enjoy domestic happiness. However, father and son are still at loggerheads.

Jagan, who befriended other criminals in prison, indulges in several illegal activities like theft, kidnapping and smuggling, and is wanted by the police. Choudhry tries his best to reform Jagan, but fails. His repeated attempts to reform him are misunderstood by Jagan, who decides to take revenge on his father for blocking his path to easy riches. In their fight, the family splits, and a depressed Lakshmi dies. Jagan does not come even for her cremation.

Jagan decides to sell sensitive military documents to a foreign country for a large sum. Choudhry learns of this, confronts him and persuades him to stop, but Jagan refuses and shoots Choudhry, who is forced to shoot back. Jagan dies in the arms of Choudhry, who survives, and is later rewarded with a [[gold medal]] for his valour.

== Cast ==

{{cast listing|
* [[Sivaji Ganesan]] as [[Superintendent of police (India)|S. P.]] Choudhry
* [[K. R. Vijaya]] as Lakshmi
* [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]] as Jagan
* [[Prameela]] as Vimala
* [[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]] as Gopalsamy
* [[Major Sundarrajan]] as Mayandi
* [[Cho Ramaswamy|Cho]] as Constable Sundaram and Vaiyapuri
* [[R. S. Manohar]] as Manimangalam Minor
* [[Suruli Rajan]] as Soodamani
* [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Muthammal
* Pushpamala as Karuppaiee
* V. R. Thilakam as Savithiri
* [[K. Vijayan]] as [[Deputy inspector general of police|D. I. G.]] Palanivel
*[[Poornam Viswanathan]] (guest appearance)
* Veeraragavan as Rajasekaran Chettiar / Inspector Nithyanandan
}}

== Production ==
''Irandil Ondru'' ({{Translation|One in two}}) was a play written by [[Mahendran (filmmaker)|Mahendran]] for actor [[Senthamarai (actor)|Senthamarai]].<ref name="dinamalarnellai" /> While naming the male lead character, a [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]], Mahendran could not find any convincing name in Tamil; he found the Bengali name "[[Chowdhury|Choudhry]]" convincing, and finalised that name.{{sfn|Mahendran|2013|p=224}} After seeing the play, [[Sivaji Ganesan]] bought the rights and staged the play again with some changes under the title ''Thangappathakkam'', starring as Choudhry.{{sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|p=183}}<ref name="Hindu Tamil" /> This play, which was inaugurated in 1972, was directed by S. A. Kannan.<ref name="TCRC" /> It became a huge success, being staged more than 100 times.<ref name="dinamalarnellai" /> Ganesan's company [[Sivaji Productions]] decided to adapt it into a film with the same title, with [[P. Madhavan]] directing.{{sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|p=183}}<ref name="Hindu Tamil" />

Ganesan's daughter Shanthi Narayanaswamy produced the film along with T. Manohar.<ref name="TCRC" /><ref name="movie" /> Mahendran wrote the film's dialogues and was also credited for the original story.{{sfn|Mahendran|2013|p=343}} Ganesan reprised his role from the play as Choudhry,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |date=7 October 2014 |title=Sivaji: Benchmark for long, colossus forever |url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31807&articlexml=Sivaji-Benchmark-for-long-colossus-forever-07102014006005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180822134536/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31807&articlexml=Sivaji-Benchmark-for-long-colossus-forever-07102014006005 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |access-date=22 August 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[K. R. Vijaya]] was cast as his wife Lakshmi, reprising the role originally played by Sivakami while [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]] was cast as Choudhry's son Jagan, reprising the role originally played by Rajapandian.<ref name="TCRC" />{{sfn|Mahendran|2013|p=224}} [[Cho Ramaswamy|Cho]] was cast in two roles: a politician named Vaiyapuri and his older brother Sundaram, a constable.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 December 2016 |title=ஜக்குவுக்குள் ஒரு துக்ளக்! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/90668-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010060408/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/90668-.html |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2020 |title=திரையில் குடும்பக் கட்டுப்பாடு பிரசாரம் – 1 |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/84013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126175559/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/84013 |archive-date=26 November 2020 |access-date=2 September 2020 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta |location=Nellai}}</ref> The politician character was not present in the play.<ref name="dinamalarnellai" /> Mahendran did not write any dialogue for the scene where Lakshmi dies, instead he "visually depict[ed] the sorrow of a widower, which was very challenging", although Ganesan managed it successfully in a single take.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prabhakar |first=Siddharth |last2=Ramesh |first2=Neeraja |date=3 April 2019 |title=When silence spoke more than words |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/when-silence-spoke-more-than-words/articleshow/68700331.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191010055345/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/when-silence-spoke-more-than-words/articleshow/68700331.cms |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Cinematography was handled by [[P. N. Sundaram]], and editing by R. Devarajan.<ref name="movie" /> Choudhry's home was built as set in Vijaya Studios.<ref>{{cite news|title="தங்கப்பதக்கம்" படத்திற்கு ரூ. 1 ½ லட்சம் செலவில் செட் |work=Navamani|language=ta|access-date=24 January 2026|date=1 August 1973|via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]|url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_22_1_58/4.jp2/0,0,5761,8503/5761,8503/0/default.jpg|pages=4|archive-url=https://archive.today/20260124041421/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_22_1_58/4.jp2/0,0,5761,8503/5761,8503/0/default.jpg|archive-date=24 January 2026|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Themes ==
According to Ganesan, ''Thangappathakkam'' is not about a man killing his son to receive a [[gold medal]], but a police officer's commitment to his post. In his view, the story elucidates the code of conduct for police officers and how they should perform their duties; the character upholds justice, so the title "Thangappathakkam" (meaning gold medal) actually personifies this dutiful police officer.{{sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|p=183}} Within the film, Vaiyapuri calls the policy Annaism (introduced in 1973 by politician [[M. G. Ramachandran]], described by him as "a blend of the fine aspects of [[Gandhism]], communism and capitalism") as "Appaism" (Anna meaning elder brother and Appa meaning father), as a means of ridiculing the policy which was known for being very radical.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2017 |title=When Annaism sought de-mon |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2017/aug/15/when-annaism-sought-de-mon-1643267--1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181211055723/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2017/aug/15/when-annaism-sought-de-mon-1643267--1.html |archive-date=11 December 2018 |access-date=10 December 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]], with lyrics by [[Kannadasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thanga Pathakkam Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by M S Viswanathan |url=https://mossymart.com/product/thanga-pathakkam-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814074009/https://mossymart.com/product/thanga-pathakkam-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan-2/ |archive-date=14 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref> The song "Thatti Sellum" is set in the [[Carnatic raga]] known as [[Valaji]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=16 August 2013 |title=Wake up to Valaji |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/wake-up-to-valaji/article5028958.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203154239/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/wake-up-to-valaji/article5028958.ece |archive-date=3 December 2018 |access-date=3 December 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=161}} and "Sumaithangi Saaithal" is set in [[Harikambhoji]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=6 December 2013 |title=Positively tranquil |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/positively-tranquil/article5429675.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702180738/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/positively-tranquil/article5429675.ece |archive-date=2 July 2018 |access-date=5 June 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=159}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Sothanai Mel Sothanai
| extra1 = [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[Prameela]]
| length1 = 3:54
| title2 = Thatti Sellum
| extra2 = [[Vani Jairam]], Saibaba
| length2 = 4:49
| title3 = Nallathoru Kudumbam
| extra3 = T. M. Soundararajan, [[P. Susheela]]
| length3 = 4:04
| title4 = Sumaithangi Saaithal
| extra4 = T. M. Soundararajan
| length4 = 3:37
| total_length = 16:24 
}}

== Release and reception ==

''Thangappathakkam'' was released on 1 June 1974.<ref name="Hindu Tamil" /> F. C. Arul, the then [[Inspector general|Inspector General]] of Tamil Nadu, made all possible arrangements to exhibit the film in 16 mm in all police stations throughout Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=David |first=C. R. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l384AAAAMAAJ&q=%22made+all+possible+arrangements+to+exhibit+this+film%22 |title=Cinema as Medium of Communication in Tamil Nadu |publisher=Christian Literature Society |year=1983 |pages=40 |access-date=16 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126175638/https://books.google.com/books?id=l384AAAAMAAJ&q=%22made+all+possible+arrangements+to+exhibit+this+film%22&dq=%22made+all+possible+arrangements+to+exhibit+this+film%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjhkcenttHhAhUEg-YKHdhwA8IQ6AEIKjAA |archive-date=26 November 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 30 June 1974, the Tamil magazine ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' appreciated the film and mentioned that Ganesan showed how a police officer should behave and live through his fantastic acting, and added that the film was a gold medal for Ganesan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 1974 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம்: ''தங்கப் பதக்கம்'' |trans-title=Movie Review: ''Thanga Pathakkam'' |url=https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/41495--2 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200512084242/https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/41495--2 |archive-date=12 May 2020 |access-date=12 May 2020 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' lauded the performances of the lead cast, particularly Srikanth for portraying a new kind of villain not usually seen in Tamil films, in addition to Madhavan's direction and Mahendran's writing.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=30 June 1984 |title=தங்கப்பதக்கம் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1974/jun/30-06-1974/p61.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220729032023/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1974/jun/30-06-1974/p61.jpg |archive-date=29 July 2022 |access-date=29 November 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=61 |language=ta}}</ref> ''Thangappathakkam'' was a commercial success, running for over 175 days in theatres, thereby becoming a [[silver jubilee film]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Selvaraj |first=N. |date=20 March 2017 |title=வெள்ளி விழா கண்ட தமிழ் திரைப்படங்கள் |trans-title=Tamil films that completed silver jubilees |url=http://puthu.thinnai.com/?p=34587 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170329085911/http://puthu.thinnai.com/?p=34587 |archive-date=29 March 2017 |access-date=3 December 2018 |website=Thinnai |language=Tamil}}</ref>{{sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|p=242}} It won the Chennai Film Fans' Association Awards for Best Film, Best Actor (Ganesan), Best Story (Mahendran) and Best Actress (Vijaya).<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 March 2000 |title=அன்றிலிருந்து இன்றுவரை சினிமா |url=http://www.vlambaram.com/archives/March%2015,%2000.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228192205/http://www.vlambaram.com/archives/March%2015,%2000.pdf |archive-date=28 February 2019 |access-date=19 September 2020 |work=Vlambaram |language=ta}}</ref>
== Impact ==
''Thangappathakkam'' was dubbed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''Bangaru Pathakkam'' in 1976.{{sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|p=183}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 1976 |title=Bangaru Pathakam (Celluloid) |url=http://movies.syzygy.in/censor/bangaru-pathakam-celluloid |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181203151845/http://movies.syzygy.in/censor/bangaru-pathakam-celluloid |archive-date=3 December 2018 |access-date=3 December 2018 |website=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}</ref> It served as an inspiration for the Telugu film ''[[Kondaveeti Simham]]'' (1981),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srikanth |date=18 January 2004 |title=Kadamba – Kannada |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/jan182004/mr2.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140325065406/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/jan182004/mr2.asp |archive-date=25 March 2014 |access-date=3 December 2018 |work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> the [[Hindi]] film ''[[Shakti (1982 film)|Shakti]]'' (1982),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |author-link=Sukanya Verma |date=22 August 2013 |title=This tragedy is never a spoiler in Shakti |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-classic-revisited-dilip-kumar-amitabh-bachchan-face-off-in-shakti/20130822.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231021050658/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-classic-revisited-dilip-kumar-amitabh-bachchan-face-off-in-shakti/20130822.htm |archive-date=21 October 2023 |access-date=21 October 2023 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> and the [[Kannada]] film ''[[Kadamba (2004 film)|Kadamba]]'' (2004).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nanda Kumar |first=S. |date=22 October 2016 |title=Buzzing with ideas |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/577197/buzzing-ideas.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203141326/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/577197/buzzing-ideas.html |archive-date=3 December 2018 |access-date=3 December 2018 |work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> According to [[Rediff.com|Rediff]]'s N. Sathiya Moorthy, Ganesan's characterisation of Choudhry "became a role model for aspiring young police officers".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sathiya Moorthy |first=N. |date=22 July 2001 |title=Sivaji: Actor who revolutionised Tamil cinema |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2001/jul/21siv1.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181213102008/https://www.rediff.com/news/2001/jul/21siv1.htm |archive-date=13 December 2018 |access-date=13 December 2018 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> The characterisation of the role became a benchmark in such a way that many later Tamil films would often refer to Choudhry when mentioning an "honest and upright officer".<ref name="TCRC" /> According to film historian [[G. Dhananjayan]], the scene where Choudhry does not utter even a word after his wife's demise "is the way [Mahendran] started his brand of cinema".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 April 2019 |title=J Mahendran: A legend who redefined Tamil cinema |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/mahendran-a-legend-who-redefined-tamil-cinema/article26711490.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403130921/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/mahendran-a-legend-who-redefined-tamil-cinema/article26711490.ece |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=20 December 2019 |work=[[Business Line]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref> In ''[[Kalakalappu]]'' (2012), Pachchai Perumal ([[George Maryan]])'s aspiration is to become a police commissioner and he admires several police officers in films such as S. P. Choudhry.<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5L2szg6BtG4|title=#Santhanam #MirchiSiva அமிதாப் மாமாக்கு கோவம் வந்துருச்சு!! #tamilComedy #kalakalappucomedy #climax|language=ta|time=5:33|date=30 April 2021|via=YouTube}}</ref>

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="movie">{{Cite AV media |title=Thanga Pathakkam |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Sivaji Productions |year=1974 |time=0:00 to 2:51 |time-caption=Opening credits, from}}</ref>
<ref name="dinamalarnellai">{{Cite web |date=20 November 2016 |title=செலுலாய்ட் சோழன் சிவாஜி தொடர் 152 – சுதாங்கன் |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/18406 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181203171458/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/18406 |archive-date=3 December 2018 |access-date=3 December 2018 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta |location=Nellai}}</ref>
<ref name="TCRC">{{Cite web |date=21 May 2015 |title=Thanga Padhakkam : From stage to celluloid |url=https://tcrcindia.com/2015/05/21/thanga-padhakkam-from-stage-to-celluloid/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181211055115/https://tcrcindia.com/2015/05/21/thanga-padhakkam-from-stage-to-celluloid/ |archive-date=11 December 2018 |access-date=11 December 2018 |website=The Cinema Resource Centre}}</ref>
<ref name="Hindu Tamil">{{Cite web |date=22 November 2018 |title=என்றும் மின்னும் 'தங்கப் பதக்கம்' |trans-title=The ever-shining ''Thanga Pathakkam'' |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/144267-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010061820/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/144267-.html |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>

</references>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=The Best of Tamil Cinema, 1931 to 2010: 1931–1976 |publisher=Galatta Media |year=2011 |oclc=733724281}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Ganesan |first1=Sivaji |author-link=Sivaji Ganesan |title=Autobiography of an Actor: Sivaji Ganesan, October 1928 – July 2001 |title-link=Autobiography of an Actor |last2=Narayana Swamy |first2=T.S. |publisher=Sivaji Prabhu Charities Trust |year=2007 |location=Chennai |oclc=297212002 |orig-date=2002}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mahendran |author-link=Mahendran (filmmaker) |title=சினிமாவும் நானும் |publisher=Karpagam Publications |year=2013 |language=ta |trans-title=Cinema and I |oclc=54777094 |orig-date=2004}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{P. Madhavan}}

[[Category:1970s police films]]
[[Category:1974 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1974 crime drama films]]
[[Category:1974 films]]
[[Category:1974 Indian films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films about dysfunctional families]]
[[Category:Films about father–son relationships]]
[[Category:Films about filicide]]
[[Category:Films directed by P. Madhavan]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Milap (1955 film)

2026-03-04T04:08:15Z

Prakashmishra1991: added new data initial version

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Milap
| image = Milap (1955).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Raj Khosla]]
| producer = T. R. Fatechand
| screenplay = [[Nabendu Ghosh]]
| story = Raj Khosla
| based_on =
| starring = [[Dev Anand]] [[Geeta Bali]] [[Johnny Walker (actor)|Johnny Walker]] [[K. N. Singh]] [[Tun Tun]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Datta Naik]]
| cinematography = [[V. K. Murthy]]
| editing = S. E. Chandiwale
| studio = Film Arts
| distributor = Film Arts
| released = {{Film date|1955}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Milap''''' ({{Literal translation|The Union}}) is a 1955 [[India]]n [[Hindi]]-language [[comedy drama film]] directed by [[Raj Khosla]].<ref>{{cite book | first1=Ashish | last1=Rajadhyaksha | first2=Paul | last2=Willemen | url=https://indiancine.ma/texts/indiancine.ma%3AEncyclopedia_of_Indian_Cinema/text.pdf | title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] | location=New Delhi | orig-year=1994 | year=1998 | isbn=0-19-563579-5 }}</ref> The film featured [[Dev Anand]] and [[Geeta Bali]] in the lead roles.<ref name="BFTPHindu">

{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/milap-1955/article2699554.ece | title=Milap (1955) | work=The Hindu | first=Vijay | last=Lokapally | date=9 December 2011 | access-date=20 June 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620165952/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/milap-1955/article2699554.ece | archive-date=20 June 2017 | url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
[[File:Milap (1955).webm|thumb|The whole film.]]
Rajendra Sayal becomes a millionaire from a poverty-stricken situation with the help of his friend Kalu. Jealous of his sudden elevation in status, a lawyer named Karamchand plots to rob Sayal of all his property. For this reason, he hires Asha to seduce Sayal and make him fall in love with her, but she ends up falling for him. He too reciprocates her feelings, and discovers Karamchand's nefarious schemes. The film ends in a courtroom, where Karamchand stands exposed for his misdeeds. Sayal and Asha happily unite.

== Cast ==

* [[Dev Anand]] as Rajendra Sayal
* [[Geeta Bali]] as Asha
* [[Johnny Walker (actor)|Johnny Walker]] as Kalu
* [[K. N. Singh]] as Lawyer Karamchand
* [[Krishan Dhawan]] (credited as "Krishin Dhawan") as Mohan Dayal
* [[Kumkum (actress)|Kumkum]] as courtesan
* Rajendra as Teju
* [[Tun Tun]] as Mrs. Akhrodwala
* [[Indira (actress)]] as Miss Rosy Akhrodwala
* Kesar bai as Rai Bahadur's step-sister
* Lily Kelkar as Rai bahadur's niece
* Rajan Kapoor as defence attorney
* T.N Charlie as Tailor of Tip Top
* Rirkoo as Insurance agent

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Milap
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Datta Naik]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1955
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre =
| length = 23 minutes
| label = [[Saregama|HMV]]
| producer = [[Datta Naik]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The music was composed by [[Datta Naik]], while [[Sahir Ludhianvi]] wrote the lyrics for the songs.<ref name="BFTPHindu" /><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/milap.htm | title=Milap (1955) | publisher=Hindigeetmala.net | access-date=24 June 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625072856/http://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/milap.htm | archive-date=25 June 2017 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/milap-original-motion-picture/id928895341 | title=Milap (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) | publisher=[[iTunes]] | access-date=24 June 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625072935/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/milap-original-motion-picture/id928895341 | archive-date=25 June 2017 | url-status=dead}}</ref> On the album, film critic Vijay Lokapally of ''[[The Hindu]]'' called [[Geeta Dutt]]'s rendition of the song "Jaate Ho To Jaao Par Jaaoge Kahaan" as "hummable" while terming the rest as "forgettable".<ref name="BFTPHindu" />

{{tracklist
| all_music = [[Datta Naik]]
| all_lyrics = [[Sahir Ludhianvi]]
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 =Ye Baharo Ka Sama
| extra1 = [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
| length1 = 3:17
| title2 = Jaate Ho To Jaao Par Jaaoge Kahaan
| extra2 = [[Geeta Dutt]]
| length2 = 2:58
| title3 = Bachanaa Zaraa Ye Zamaanaa Hai Buraa
| extra3 = Geeta Dutt, [[Mohammed Rafi]]
| length3 = 3:11
| title4 = Piya Khul Ke Na Nain Milaye Re
| extra4 = [[Asha Bhosle]]
| length4 = 3:28
| title5 = Chahe Bhi Jo Dil Jana Na Waha
| extra5 = Geeta Dutt
| length5 = 3:26
| title6 = Humse Bhi Kar Lo Kabhi To Kabhi Mithti Mitthi Do Baate
| extra6 = Geeta Dutt
| length6 = 3:29
| title7 = Dard Ka Saaz Bhi Hai Dil Ki Aawaz Bhi Hai
| extra7 = Lata Mangeshkar
| length7 = 3:28
}}

== Reception ==
Lokapally noted that Anand's "transformation from a naïve character to a sophisticated urban is expectedly breezy." He felt the film "was not the best offering from Raj Khosla".<ref name="BFTPHindu" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0137954|Milap}}
* ''[https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/milap-2/cast/ Milap]'' at [[Bollywood Hungama]]
* ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_zWkaeAKuY Milap Full Film]'' on [[YouTube]]
{{Portal bar|1950s|Bollywood|Film|India}}

[[Category:1955 films]]
[[Category:1955 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1955 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1955 musical films]]
[[Category:Songs_with_lyrics_by_Sahir_Ludhianvi]]
[[Category:Indian musical comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:1950s musical comedy-drama films]]

Elavamkodu Desam

2026-03-03T21:17:13Z

Prakashmishra1991: slightly fix layout for clarity and corrected details

{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Elavamkodu Desam
| image =

| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[K. G. George]]
| producer = Media Club
| writer = {{Unbulleted_list|K. G. George {{small|(Story & Screenplay)}}|Sreevaraham Balakrishnan {{small|(Dialogues)}}}}
| starring = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Mammootty]]|[[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]]|[[Rajeev (Tamil actor)|Rajeev]]|[[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]|[[Thilakan]]}}
| music = {{Unbulleted_list|'''Songs & Score:''' [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]|'''Lyrics:''' [[O. N. V. Kurup]]}}
| cinematography = [[Ramachandra Babu]]
| editing = G. Murali
| studio = Media Club Private Limited
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1998|03|08|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Elavamkodu Desam''''' is a [[List of Malayalam films of 1998|1998]] Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[period drama]] film written and directed by [[K. G. George]]. It stars [[Mammootty]] and [[Rajeev (Tamil actor)|Rajeev]], with [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]], [[Thilakan]] and [[Babu Namboothiri]] in major supporting roles. It was the last film of K. G. George.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/entertainment/south/mamangam-from-1982-to-2019-mammoottys-transformation-through-historical-sagas-proves-he-is-the-fittest-malayalam-superstar-916480.html|title = Mamangam: From 1982 to 2019, Mammootty's Transformation Through Historical Sagas Proves He is the Fittest Malayalam Superstar! | 🎥 LatestLY|date = 10 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/may/18/13311/kg-george-retrospective-tracking-influence-of-malayalam-auteur-s-cinema-on-contemporary-filmmakers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419071551/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/may/18/13311/kg-george-retrospective-tracking-influence-of-malayalam-auteur-s-cinema-on-contemporary-filmmakers|url-status=live|archive-date=19 April 2022|title = KG George retrospective: Tracking influence of Malayalam auteur's cinema on contemporary filmmakers}}</ref>

==Plot==

Jathavedan is invited to Elavamkodu Desam, a princely state, to treat the queen. He learns that Unikkoman, the wicked king of Elavamkodu Desam, rose to power in a coup and killing the noble king Udayavarman. Unikkoman was an ardent devotee to Kali and performed human sacrifices to appease the goddess and receive unchallengeable power. Meanwhile, Unikkoman's queen Ammalu is tortured in her sleep by seeing the departed souls, including that of her first husband, who comes to torment her. How Jathavedan raises an army to return the crown to its true heir form the crux of the story.

==Cast==

* [[Mammootty]] as Jathavedan
* [[Shruthi Raj]] as Nandini, the princess
* [[Rajeev (Tamil actor)|Rajeev]] as Udukoman
* [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]] as Ammalu, Udukoman's wife
* [[Thilakan]] as Mooss Thirumeni
* [[Babu Namboothiri]] as Raru Asan
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Kurungodan
* Vakkom Jayalal as Baladevan, the prince
* [[Spadikam George]] as Idicheman, Unikkoman's army chief
* Manka Mahesh as Mangalabhai Thampuratti
* [[Captain Raju]] as Udayavarma
* [[Narendra Prasad]] as Adityan, Unikkoman's uncle and Ammalu's first husband
* [[Bharath Gopi]] as Agnisharman, Jathadevan's uncle
* [[V. K. Sreeraman]] as Nethran
* [[Subair]]
* [[Abu Salim (actor)|Abu Salim]]

==Soundtrack==
[[o. N. V. Kurup]] wrote the songs.

*"Engu Ninnengu Ninnu" (male) - [[K. J. Yesudas]]
*"Neram" - [[K. J. Yesudas]]
*"Engu Ninnengu Ninnu" (female) - [[K. S. Chithra]]
*"Aadukal Meyunna" (female) - [[K. S. Chithra]]
*"Engu Ninnengu Ninnu" (duet) - [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
*"Chembakamalaroli" - [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
*"Aadukal Meyunna" (male) - [[Biju Narayanan]]
*"Iniyente Kunjithathe" - [[Sujatha Mohan]], [[Arunmozhi]], C. O. Anto

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0246599}}

[[Category:1998 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Kalarippayattu films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ottapalam]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. G. George]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Best of Luck (2010 film)

2026-03-03T20:46:13Z

Prakashmishra1991: put up first details basic info

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Best of Luck
|image = Best of luck.jpg
|caption =
|writer = [[M.A. Nishad]] Vinu Kiriath
|starring = {{ubl|[[Kailash (actor)|Kailash]]|[[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]]|[[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]]|[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]|[[Archana Jose Kavi|Archana Kavi]]|[[Rima Kallingal]]}}
|director = [[M. A. Nishad]]
|producer = A & M Entertainment Company
|distributor = A & M Entertainment Company
|cinematography = [[Sanjeev Shankar]]
|released = {{Film date|df=yes|2010|11|17}}
|runtime =
|country = India
|language = Malayalam
|music = [[Euphoria (Indian band)|Euphoria]]
}}
'''''Best of Luck''''' is a 2010 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Black comedy|black comedy film]] written and directed by M.A. Nishad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2dmovie.com/news-1019-Best-of-Luck-launched.html|title=Best of Luck launched | Malayalam Movie News|website=2dmovie.com|access-date=12 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224072216/http://2dmovie.com/news-1019-Best-of-Luck-launched.html|archive-date=24 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> It stars [[Kailash (actor)|Kailash]], [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]], [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Archana Jose Kavi|Archana Kavi]] and [[Rima Kallingal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/may/03/south-malayalam-first-look-best-of-luck.htm |title=First Look: Malayalam film Best of Luck|website=Movies.rediff.com|date=3 May 2010|access-date=12 July 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623160537/http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/may/03/south-malayalam-first-look-best-of-luck.htm|archivedate=23 June 2012}}</ref>

The soundtrack was composed by the Indian rock band [[Euphoria (Indian band)|Euphoria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/euphoria-music-in-best-of-luck-tamil-news-54934|title=Euphoria music in 'Best Of Luck' |website=IndiaGlitz|date=3 March 2010|access-date=23 November 2022}}</ref> The song "NaNa", which was used in the trailers, was composed by [[A. R. Rahman]] for an American film, ''[[Couples Retreat]]''.{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}} The film was a remake of the Bollywood comedy film ''[[All the Best: Fun Begins]]''. Unlike the original, the film was extremely negatively received and was a commercial failure. The movie was remade in Kannada in 2015 as ''[[Ond Chance Kodi]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Ond-Chance-Kodi-shoot-begins/articleshow/21977672.cms|title=Ond Chance Kodi shoot begins|work=The Times of India|date=22 August 2013|access-date=23 November 2022}}</ref>

This film was a [[box-office bomb]].

==Plot==
Surya is Vinayaka Naickar's stepbrother. Vinayakan is very rich; Surya is struggling to make a living. Vinayakan sends some amount every month to Surya and that is how he survives. Manu is Surya's friend who dreams about becoming a filmmaker.

One day Manu meets the star Mammootty on the set of a movie shooting and tells him that he has a story which he plans to make as a movie. Mammootty listens to the synopsis and tells Manu to call him once the script is ready. Since Manu got the dates from a super star like Mammootty, he plans to make the movie soon and looks for finance. Manu introduces Surya as the producer and borrows money from a lender called Bhasi at a very high rate of interest. The production assistant runs away with that money.

Surya has to repay that money and he has nothing with him. So he lies to Vinayaka that he got married and he needs cash. Vinayaka says that he is too busy to come but will send the money. Surya even introduces his girlfriend Neethu as his wife to Vinayaka's advocate Uthaman. Later, when Neethu is in Bangkok with her father, Vinayakan comes to meet the couple. Surya, out of desperation, asks Manu's girlfriend Diya to act as Neethu. While things were going smoothly, Neethu comes back from vacation and further confusions arise. Now Neethu has to act as Manu's girlfriend. They appoint a servant called Thamara at their house but Surya has to introduce her as the sister of Neethu to Vinayakan. She creates all sort of problems for Surya and Manu.

Surya and Manu have to tell all sorts of lies to hide the truth but the truth finally surfaces and it turns out that Vinayakan was aware of what was happening and Thamara was his wife who he sent to their home in advance to get the facts. Finally, Manu takes Surya's story as his script and makes a movie in which Mammootty plays the real-life character of Vinayakan. The movie ends when Vinayakan congratulates Mammootty for his acting skills after the final scene in the movie.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Kailash (actor)|Kailash]] as Surya
*[[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]] as Manu
*[[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] as Vinayaka Naickar
*[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] as Thamara
*[[Archana kavi|Archana Kavi]] as Neethu
*[[Rima Kallingal]] as Diya
*[[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Advocate Uthaman
*[[Suraj Venjaramood]] as Shanghai Pushpan
*[[Baiju Santhosh|Baiju]]
*[[Bheeman Raghu]] as Bhasi
*[[Machan Varghese]] as Amminikuttan
*[[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]] as Kuzhithura Ponnappan
*[[Jaffar Idukki]]
*[[Mammootty]] as himself (special appearance)
*[[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] as himself (special appearance)
*[[Johny Antony]] as himself (special appearance)
*[[Fahadh Faasil]] as himself (special appearance)
* [[Kollam Ajith]] as himself (special appearance)
*[[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]]
{{colend}}

==Critical reception==
''Best of Luck'' received unanimously negative reviews. Paresh C Palicha of [[Rediff.com|Rediff]] gave the movie 2/5 stars, stating that "Nishad, who has given us interesting films like Pakal and Vairam, tries his hand at comedy and makes a film that looks like a Priyadharshan film of the past. There is confusion galore with mistaken or changed identities, foolish impersonations and slapstick comedy. He even tries to spoof the new Malayalam film fetish for a Tamil background in all the films. Nishad's bravado to try comedy with Best of Luck must be commented but he fails to deliver an engaging comedy."<ref>{{cite web|title=Best of Luck: A flash of Priyadarshan|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-best-of-luck-review/20101118.htm|author=Palicha, Paresh C.|website=[[Rediff.com]]|date=18 November 2010|access-date=23 November 2022}}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref> Moviebuzz of [[Sify]] gave the movie a verdict of "Below Average", opining that "Best of Luck has a funny premise for sure but the problem is that it hasn't been narrated in an attractive manner. Nishad had shown promise with his earlier movie, Vairam, but he loses his ground this time around. 'Best of Luck', next time."<ref>{{cite web|title=Movie Review: Best Of Luck|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/best-of-luck-review-malayalam-14958947.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731175019/http://www.sify.com/movies/best-of-luck-review-malayalam-14958947.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 July 2013|author=Moviebuzz|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> IndiaGlitz gave the movie a verdict of "Needs some more luck", concluding that "All in all, ''Best of Luck'' is a movie that is a poor show all the way. It do[es]n't have [many] chances to turn lucky at the box office."<ref>{{cite web|title=Best Of Luck - Needs some more luck|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/review/12125.html|website=IndiaGlitz|date=12 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125064606/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/review/12125.html|archivedate=25 November 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Veeyen of Now Running gave the movie 2/5 stars, saying that "The title of M A Nishad's latest film, ''Best of Luck'', seems more like a greet thrown straight at its viewers. You do need some extra bit of luck to actually decipher what's happening in it. Walk into the cinema halls with some extra bit of courage and resolve to sit through the film. Best of Luck!"<ref>{{cite web|title=Best Of Luck Review - Malayalam Movie Review by VN|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7448/malayalam/best-of-luck/2820/review.htm|author=Veeyen|website=Now Running|date=19 November 2010|access-date=23 November 2022}}{{Rating|4|5}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://bestofluckmovie.moviebuzz.org}}
*{{IMDb title|1734414}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120606144053/http://popcorn.oneindia.in/title/8792/best-of-luck.html ''Best of Luck'']

{{DEFAULTSORT:Best Of Luck (Film)}}
[[Category:2010 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Euphoria (Indian band)]]
[[Category:Malayalam remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Films directed by M. A. Nishad]]

En Uyir Thozhan

2026-03-03T04:59:42Z

Prakashmishra1991: fixed issues

{{Short description|1990 film by Bharathiraja}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = En Uyir Thozhan
| image = En Uyir Thozhan.jpg
| caption = Title card
| director = [[Bharathiraja]]
| writer = {{ubl|[[P. Kalaimani]]|Babu}}
| producer = {{ubl|P. Jayaraj|S. P. Sigamani}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Babu (actor)|Babu]]|[[Thennavan (actor)|Thennavan]]|[[Rama (actress)|Rama]]}}
| cinematography = [[B. Kannan]]
| editing = P. Mohanraj
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = B. R. Art Films
| released = {{film date|1990|2|16|df=y|ref1=}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''En Uyir Thozhan''''' ({{IPA|ta|en ujiɾ toːɻan|pron}} {{Translation|My lifelong friend}}) is a 1990 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[political drama]] film directed by [[Bharathiraja]]
starring newcomers [[Babu (actor)|Babu]], [[Thennavan (actor)|Thennavan]] and [[Rama (actress)|Rama]]. The film was released on 16 February 1990,<ref>{{Cite web |title=En Uyir Thozhan / என் உயிர்த் தோழன் |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/en-uyir-thozhan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026050145/https://screen4screen.com/movies/en-uyir-thozhan |archive-date=26 October 2021 |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=Screen 4 Screen |language=}}</ref> and failed at the box office; however it garnered a cult following.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Satya |first=Valliyoor |title=Why Bharathiraja's Kollywood movie En Uyir Thozhan is so special, Bharathiraja, En Uyir Thozhan |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-column/why-bharathirajas-kollywood-movie-en-uyir-thozhan-is-so-special.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926131803/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-column/why-bharathirajas-kollywood-movie-en-uyir-thozhan-is-so-special.html |archive-date=26 September 2019 |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=October 2021}}
The film revolves around an activist of a political party and his demise.

== Cast ==
* [[Babu (actor)|Babu]] as Dharma
* [[Thennavan (actor)|Thennavan]] as Ramesh
* [[Rama (actress)|Rama]] as Chittu
* [[Vadivukkarasi]] as Dharma's sister
* [[J. Livingston|Livingston]] as Dilli Babu
* [[Charle]] as Pangu

== Production ==
The film marked the acting debuts of newcomers Babu, Thennavan and Rama.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Subha J. |date=18 November 2014 |title=Second coming |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/actress-rama-on-being-back-on-the-sets-after-20odd-years/article6611501.ece |url-status=live |access-date=26 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926222551/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/actress-rama-on-being-back-on-the-sets-after-20odd-years/article6611501.ece |archive-date=26 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2016 |title=இயக்குனர் ஆகிறார் நடிகர் தென்னவன்! |trans-title=Actor Thennavan to become a director |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/49593/cinema/Kollywood/actor-thennavan-to-become-a-director.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927012729/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/49593/cinema/Kollywood/actor-thennavan-to-become-a-director.htm |archive-date=27 September 2020 |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=Ta}}</ref> It was co-produced by Bharathiraja's brother Jayaraj.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |date=9 August 2014 |title=Etcetera: Bharathiraja's lookalike |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/etcetera/article6299055.ece |url-status=live |access-date=26 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718025406/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/etcetera/article6299055.ece |archive-date=18 July 2021}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], with lyrics by [[Gangai Amaran]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=En Uyir Thozhan |url=https://avdigital.in/products/en-uyir-thozhan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118234051/https://avdigital.in/products/en-uyir-thozhan |archive-date=18 January 2021 |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=AVDigital}}</ref> The song "Machi Mannaru" is set in [[Mayamalavagowla]] raga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=28 January 2017 |title=Notes from the south |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Notes-from-the-south/article17103275.ece |url-status=live |access-date=26 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227045358/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Notes-from-the-south/article17103275.ece |archive-date=27 February 2021}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 17:34
| title1 = Thambi Nee Nimindhu Parada
| lyrics1 = Ilaiyaraaja
| extra1 = Ilaiyaraaja
| length1 = 3:02
| title2 = Machchi Mannaaru
| lyrics2 = [[Gangai Amaran]]
| extra2 = Ilaiyaraaja, [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length2 = 4:38
| title3 = Aeh Raasaaththi
| lyrics3 = Gangai Amaran
| extra3 = [[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
| length3 = 4:54
| title4 = Kuyilukuppam
| lyrics4 = Gangai Amaran
| extra4 = Malaysia Vasudevan, K. S. Chithra
| length4 = 5:00
}}

== Reception ==
P. S. S. of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the performances of the debutants and Vadivukkarasi, as well as the cinematography and called the film hard-hitting.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=பி. எஸ். எஸ். |date=4 March 1990 |title=என் உயிர்த் தோழன் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1990-03-04/page/n63/mode/2up? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231009133113/https://archive.org/details/kalki1990-03-04/page/n63/mode/2up? |archive-date=9 October 2023 |access-date=14 March 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=62–63 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Bharathiraja}}

[[Category:1990 films]]
[[Category:1990 Indian films]]
[[Category:1990s political drama films]]
[[Category:1990 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bharathiraja]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Indian political drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Dum (2003 Tamil film)

2026-03-03T04:38:27Z

Prakashmishra1991: Article enhanced with better details

{{short description|2003 film directed by A. Venkatesh}}
{{More plot|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Dum (2003 Tamil film).jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]]
| producer = [[Rockline Venkatesh]]
| writer = Prasanna Kumar (dialogues)
| story = [[Puri Jagannadh]]
| based_on = ''[[Appu (2002 film)|Appu]]'' (Kannada)
| starring = [[Silambarasan]] [[Rakshita]] [[Ashish Vidyarthi]]
| music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| cinematography = [[A. Venkatesh (cinematographer) |Venkatesh Anguraj]]
| editing = [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| studio = Rockline Productions
| released = {{Film date|2003|04|13|df=y}}
| runtime = 160 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Dum''''' ({{IPAc-en|ð|əm}} {{Translation|Guts}}) is a 2003 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Romantic comedy|romantic]] [[action comedy]] film directed by [[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]]. It is a remake of the 2002 [[Kannada]] film ''[[Appu (2002 film)|Appu]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 April 2020 |title=From 'School Master' to 'U Turn': A look at Kannada films remade in other Indian languages |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/from-school-master-to-u-turn-a-look-at-kannada-films-remade-in-other-indian-languages/articleshow/75161463.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030064513/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/from-school-master-to-u-turn-a-look-at-kannada-films-remade-in-other-indian-languages/articleshow/75161463.cms |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=11 June 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film stars [[Silambarasan]] and [[Rakshita]] (in her Tamil debut, reprising her role from original) while [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] and [[S. S. Rajendran]] play pivotal roles. It was a box office success.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2004 |title='Manmathan' Silambarasan |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/manmathan-silambarasan-news-tamil-kkfvC9gfbdfsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018131944/http://www.sify.com/movies/manmathan-silambarasan-news-tamil-kkfvC9gfbdfsi.html |archive-date=18 October 2014 |access-date=7 September 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Satya is the son of a police constable. He gets into fights and ends up in jail where his father gets him out on bail. While he is returning home from a party drunk, a group of college students beat him up. That is when Suchitra comes and takes him to the hospital and donates blood. She is the daughter of a police commissioner. Later, Satya falls in love with Suchitra. That leads to several problems which are faced bravely by Satya in the later part of the film. Finally, all goes well, and Satya also receives the letter confirming his selection for IPS.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Silambarasan]] as Sathya
* [[Rakshita]] as Suchitra
* [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] as Commissioner Thilak
* [[S. S. Rajendran]] as DGP Ramachandran
* [[Delhi Ganesh]] as Chokkalingam
* [[J. Livingston|Livingston]] as Boopathi
* [[Radha Ravi]] as Inspector Ravikanth
* [[Sumitra (actress)|Sumitra]] as Sandhya
* [[Neelima Rani]] as Subha
* [[Besant Ravi]] as Chandra
* [[Madhan Bob]] as Kiran
* [[Cool Suresh]] as Vamshy
* [[Bayilvan Ranganathan]] as a police constable
* Karthik Sabesh as 'Ninety' Karthik
* [[Kottachi]] as Sathya's friend
* [[Scissor Manohar]] as a police constable
* [[Muthukaalai]] as a police constable
* [[Chelladurai]] as a police constable
* [[Kovai Senthil]] as a police constable
* Japan Kumar as Sathya's friend
}}

== Production ==
The film was initially set to be titled ''Idiot'' after the Telugu version, but the title was later changed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bests of bests |url=http://www.nilacharal.com/enter/cinebit/c83.html |access-date=3 June 2016 |website=Nilacharal |publisher= |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234229/http://www.nilacharal.com/enter/cinebit/c83.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A. Venkatesh remade the film from [[Puri Jagannadh]]'s 2002 Kannada film ''[[Appu (2002 film)|Appu]]'', which was also remade in Telugu in 2002 as ''[[Idiot (2002 film)|Idiot]]''. Venkatesh was keen to cast [[Kiran Rathod]], but later selected [[Rakshita]], who appeared in all three versions of the film.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 December 2002 |title=Silambarasan pairs with Kiran |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/07122002/news01.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031212223531/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/07122002/news01.shtml |archive-date=12 December 2003 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref> During the making of the film, Silambarasan did his own stunts including a risky jump from the fifth floor of a building.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 April 2005 |title=We've the best of both worlds' |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/04/02/stories/2005040200030200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050406212131/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/04/02/stories/2005040200030200.htm |archive-date=6 April 2005 |access-date=3 June 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> This was the first Tamil film to be produced by Rockline Venkatesh. The filming was held at Chennai and Bangalore while the songs were shot at Japan, China, Hong Kong, Bangkok and Thailand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chennaionline.com/entertainment/filmplus/aprnew.asp|date=13 April 2003|website=Chennai Online|access-date=1 November 2024|title=New Year Releases|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031127140032/http://www.chennaionline.com/entertainment/filmplus/aprnew.asp|archive-date=27 November 2003}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
There are eight songs composed by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]], while [[Sabesh–Murali]] handled the background score.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics
|-
| "Adra Adra Dum" || [[Silambarasan]], [[Sabesh–Murali|Sabesh]] || Silambarasan
|-
| "Chanakya Chanakya" || [[Sadhana Sargam]] || rowspan=1|[[Pa. Vijay]]
|-
| "Kalakuven Kalakuven" I || [[Shankar Mahadevan]] || rowspan=2| [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
|-
| "Kalakuven Kalakuven" II || Silambarasan
|-
| "Kannamma Kannamma" || [[Udit Narayan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]] || [[Kabilan (lyricist)|Kabilan]]
|-
| "Karuppo Sivappo" || Silambarasan || rowspan=3|Pa. Vijay
|-
| "Manase Manase" || [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Polladha Padava" || [[Mahalakshmi Iyer]], [[KK (singer)|KK]]
|}

== Critical reception==
Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Making a marked deviation from the norm, the hero of ''Dhum'' remains unaffected by sentiment. So Simbhu's character is devoid of melodrama. A welcome change in the mindset of our heroes [...] A. Venkatesh's screenplay and direction leave no room for lull or lacuna at any point".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=2003-04-17 |title=Dhum |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/dhum/article28572929.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115010035/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/dhum/article28572929.ece |archive-date=2026-01-15 |access-date=2026-01-15 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN}}</ref> Visual Dasan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote makers made masala by fooling fans without caring about logic while panning the lead hero's character design calling it wrong heroism and concluded saying it does not matter if cinema does not do good to the society, there is no need to do bad things like this.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=தாசன் |first=விஷுவல் |date=4 May 2003 |title=தம் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2003-05-04/page/n33/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230123052638/https://archive.org/details/kalki2003-05-04/page/n33/mode/2up |archive-date=23 January 2023 |access-date=16 February 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=32 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote that the film had "a racy screenplay, a fast-paced narration, non-stop action that leaves no room for lagging moments. All going to assure that 'Dum' makes for some compelling viewing for the youth and action lovers."<ref>{{cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=18 April 2003 |title=Dum |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov261.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050210185036/http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov261.asp |archive-date=10 February 2005 |access-date=16 February 2024 |work=Chennai Online}}</ref> ''Cinesouth'' wrote, "The spark in Simbu is reflected in the screenplay too. Though some scenes look incredulous, the pace of the film doesn't give you enough time to think. If you could bear Simbu's over-styling mannerisms and his digs at the police force, you might even enjoy the film".<ref>{{cite web |title=Dum |url=http://cinesouth.com/scopes/reviews/dum.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030605044751/http://cinesouth.com/scopes/reviews/dum.shtml |archive-date=5 June 2003 |access-date=9 February 2025 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "On the whole ''Dum'' is sure to entertain the masses, who do not think too hard".<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2003 |title=Dum |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dum-review-tamil-pclu0vgdiheci.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128094040/http://www.sify.com/movies/dum-review-tamil-pclu0vgdiheci.html |archive-date=28 January 2017 |access-date=20 April 2025 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{A. Venkatesh (director)}}

[[Category:2000s masala films]]
[[Category:2000s romantic action films]]
[[Category:2003 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2003 action comedy films]]
[[Category:2003 films]]
[[Category:2003 Indian films]]
[[Category:2003 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films directed by A. Venkatesh]]
[[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Rockline Entertainments films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Kannada films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy films]]

Pragya Nagra

2026-03-02T05:06:59Z

Prakashmishra1991:

{{Short description|Indian actress and model}}
{{Indian name|Pragya|Nagra}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pragya Nagra
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|12|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Ambala]], [[Haryana]], India
| occupation = Actress
| yearsactive = 2019–present
}}

'''Pragya Nagra'''<ref name="zeenews.india.com">{{Cite web |title=Pragya Nagra eruma saani News in Tamil, Latest Pragya Nagra eruma saani news, photos, videos {{!}} Zee News Tamil |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/topics/pragya-nagra-eruma-saani |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=Zee Hindustan Tamil |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=telugu |title=Pragya Nagra Photos: Latest News, Photos and Videos on Pragya Nagra Photos |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/topic/pragya-nagra-photos |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=telugu.abplive.com |language=te}}</ref> (born 14 December 1998)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pragya Nagra - Actor Filmography، photos، Video |url=https://elcinema.com/en/person/2251181 |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=elCinema.com |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian actress known for her appearances in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam]] language films. She made her debut in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film]] ''[[Varalaru Mukkiyam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Post-production work of Jiiva's 'Varalaru Mukkiyam' on at brisk pace |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=911427 |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Pragya Nagra<ref name="zeenews.india.com"/> was born into a Punjabi family in [[Ambala]], [[Haryana]]. She completed her schooling and college studies in [[Delhi]] before starting her career in [[modelling]].<ref name="zeenews.india.com"/> Nagra's father served in the [[Indian Armed Forces]] and was posted in [[Chennai]] for a period, which led to her frequent visits to the city.<ref name=":0" /> While pursuing her [[engineering]] studies in [[Delhi]], she developed an interest in modelling and went on to feature in over 100 commercials.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2021 |title=ஜம்மு நாயகி பிரக்யா |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/710624-pragya-nagra.html |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jayabalan |first=Suriyakumar |title=Pragya Nagra Pics: கனவு கன்னி பிரக்யா நாக்ரா ! |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/photos/here-we-will-see-hot-photos-of-actress-pragya-nagra-131676980707905.html |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=Tamil Hindustan Times |language=ta}}</ref> Nagra was also a member of the [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]] (NCC) during her studies, and aspired to join the armed forces. However, she eventually decided to pursue a career in the [[film industry]] and moved to [[Chennai]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=30 June 2019 |title=Pragya in Lokesh's Kasimedu-set thriller |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/pragya-in-lokeshs-kasimedu-set-thriller/articleshow/70001991.cms |access-date=3 May 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Career ==
Pragya Nagra<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pragya Nagra Movies |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/pragya-nagra/movies |access-date=3 May 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> played the role of a Malayali girl opposite [[Jiiva]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 October 2020 |title=Jiiva, Kashmira, Pragya in a romantic comedy |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jiiva-kashmira-pragya-in-a-romantic-comedy/articleshow/78792975.cms |access-date=3 May 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> in the [[Tamil Film]] [[Varalaru Mukkiyam]],<ref name="The Times of India">{{Cite news |date=4 January 2022 |title=Jiiva's next titled Varalaru Mukkiyam |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jiivas-next-titled-varalaru-mukkiyam/articleshow/88682281.cms |access-date=3 May 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> which was released in 2022. Although the film received negative reviews from both critics and the audience, Nagra's acting skills was noted by the industry now she is in tollywood may be in future she is in Bollywood movies also <ref>{{Cite web |last=ராகவ்குமார் |title=நல்ல கருத்து முக்கியம்: 'வரலாறு முக்கியம்'! |url=https://kalkionline.com/cinema/review/good-feedback-is-important-varalaru-mukkiyam-movie-review |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=Kalki Online |date=12 December 2022 |language=ta}}</ref>

She appeared in the [[Malayalam film]] ''Nadikalil Sundari Yamuna'', a [[socio-political]] drama<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2022 |title=Nadikalil Sundari Yamuna Set in Kannur's Socio-Political Backdrop; Know More |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/nadikalil-sundari-yamuna-set-in-kannurs-socio-political-backdrop-know-more-6112753.html |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> in which she played the role of a Kannada girl. Prior to her acting career, Nagra worked as a model and appeared in commercials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=പ്രഗ്യ നഗ്ര {{!}} Pragya Nagra |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2023/01/21/actress-pragya-nagra-pleasing-pictures.html |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=www.manoramaonline.com}}</ref> Her passion for acting developed during her frequent visits to Chennai, and she eventually decided to move to the film industry.<ref name=":0" />

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Ref
|-
|2022
|''[[Varalaru Mukkiyam]]''
|Jamuna
| rowspan="2" |[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|<ref name="The Times of India"/>
|-
|rowspan="2" |2023
|''[[N4 (film)|N4]]''
|Swathi
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 January 2020 |title=With Sharanya opting out, Airaa girl Gabrella bags the lead role in N4 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/with-sharanya-opting-out-airaa-girl-gabrella-bags-the-lead-role-in-nh4/articleshow/73172562.cms |access-date=3 May 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pragya Nagra Archives |url=https://minnambalam.com/tag/pragya-nagra/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=மின்னம்பலம் |date=25 March 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Nadhikalil Sundari Yamuna]]''
|Yamuna
|[[Malayalam]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 June 2022 |title=Dhyan Sreenivasan and Aju Varghese to headline 'Nadikalil Sundari Yamuna' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/dhyan-sreenivasan-and-aju-varghese-to-headline-nadikalil-sundari-yamuna/articleshow/92437740.cms |access-date=3 May 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Laggam]]''
|Maanasa
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Baby and Baby]]''
|Priya
| rowspan="2" |Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=M |first=Narayani |date=2024-12-23 |title=Baby & Baby Teaser: Jai, Sathyaraj and Yogi Babu are in for an epic adventure with babies |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Dec/23/baby-baby-teaser-jai-sathyaraj-and-yogi-babu-are-in-for-an-epic-adventure-with-babies |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2026
|{{Pending film|[[Idhayam Murali]]}}
|
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|nm11894992}}
* {{Instagram|pragyanagra}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nagra, Pragya}}
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:1998 births]]

Hyderabad Blackbirds

2026-02-28T18:12:27Z

Prakashmishra1991: added new post

{{Short description|Indian racing team}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
'''Hyderabad Blackbirds''' is an [[India|Indian]] motorsport franchise that competes in the [[Indian Racing League]] and the [[F4 Indian Championship]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 Indian Racing League drivers, calendar revealed - Introduction {{!}} Autocar India |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/motor-sports-news/2025-indian-racing-league-drivers-calendar-revealed-436189 |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=Autocar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Auto |date=2026-02-13 |title=Things to look forward to at the Indian Racing Festival in Goa |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/auto/latest-auto-news/story/things-to-look-forward-to-at-the-indian-racing-festival-in-goa-2867668-2026-02-13 |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> IRL and F4 championship are organised by Racing Promotions Private Limited.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Srushti |date=2025-07-06 |title=Kichcha Sudeep launches Bengaluru Racing Team ahead of 2025 Indian Racing Festival |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/car-bike/cars/2025/Jul/06/kichcha-sudeep-launches-bengaluru-racing-team-ahead-of-2025-indian-racing-festival |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref>

The franchise is owned by actor [[Naga Chaitanya]]. British racing driver [[Jon Lancaster]], a former GP2 winner and [[Le Mans Cup|Le Mans]] podium finisher, will be the main foreign driver. [[Akshay Bohra]] and Mohamed Ryan, are the Indian drivers and [[Gabriela Jílková|Gabriela Jilkova]] from [[Czech Republic]], a GT racing expert, will be the lady driver.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nalawade |first=Rohit |date=2025-07-17 |title=2025 Indian Racing League driver line-up revealed |url=https://www.evoindia.com/motorsport/motorsport-news/2025-indian-racing-league-driver-line-up-587046 |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=www.evoindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

IRL has six city-based teams. They are [[Kichcha's Kings Bengaluru]]''',''' [[Speed Demons Delhi]], '''Hyderabad Blackbirds''', [[Goa Aces JA Racing]], [[Kolkata Royal Tigers]], and [[Chennai Turbo Riders]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2025-07-25 |title=Bengaluru to debut ‘Kichcha’s Kings’ in IRL 2025 season |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2025/Jul/25/bengaluru-to-debut-kichchas-kings-in-irl-2025-season |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian auto racing teams]]
[[Category:Formula Regional Middle East Championship teams]]

Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-02-22T20:55:01Z

Prakashmishra1991: typo fix

{{short description|Wildlife sanctuary in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary
| alt_name =
| iucn_category = IV
| image = Garampani hanging bridge.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Hanging bridge of Garampani Sanctuary
| image_size =
| map = India Assam#India
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Map of [[Assam]]
| map_width =
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| location = [[Karbi Anglong district]], [[Assam]], [[India]]
| nearest_city = [[Golaghat]]
| coordinates = {{coord|26.42|93.725|region:IN|notes=<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.protectedplanet.net/sites/Garampani_Sanctuary |title= Garampani Sanctuary |work=protectedplanet.net}}</ref>|display=inline, title}}
| area = {{Convert|6.05|km2|abbr=on}}
| established =
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body =
| url =
}}

'''Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a {{Convert|6.05|km2|adj=on}} [[wildlife sanctuary]] located in [[Karbi Anglong district]], [[Assam]], [[India]]. It was notified as a Wildlife Sanctuary in 1952 vide notification No, FR.199/52 dated 10/07/52.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-25 |title=Garampani Sanctuary » Naparks |url=https://naparks.com/garampani-sanctuary/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |language=en-US}}</ref>

It is {{Convert|25|km|abbr=on}} from [[Golaghat]]. The nearest Airport is [[Dimapur]] which is 55 km away, and [[Jorhat Airport]] is 85 km away. The road distances from nearest towns: 35 km from [[Golaghat]], 92 km from [[Diphu]], 330 km from [[Guwahati]] and 45 km from [[Kaziranga National Park|Kaziranga]].

It is one of the oldest sanctuaries containing hot water spring and waterfalls, and has a rich biodiversity. It is surrounded by [[Nambor Wildlife Sanctuary|Nambor Sanctuary]] having 51 rare species of orchid. Many rare birds can be seen here. It is home to hoolock gibbons and golden langurs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Garampani Wild Life Sanctuary|url=http://www.east-himalaya.com/garampani.php|access-date=2021-05-28|website=www.east-himalaya.com}}</ref>

The climate is tropical and the vegetation is mostly semi-evergreen and tropical.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Garampani Wild Life Sanctuary|url=http://www.east-himalaya.com/garampani.php|access-date=2021-05-28|website=www.east-himalaya.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.india9.com/i9show/-Assam/Garampani-Wildlife-Sanctuary-24265.htm About Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary]
* [http://www.assamtourism.org/wildlife.php#Garampani Department of Tourism, Government of Assam]

{{Protected areas of Assam}}
*[https://naparks.com/garampani-sanctuary/ i Sanctuary]

{{Protected areas of Assam}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Assam]]
[[Category:Karbi Anglong district]]
[[Category:Protected areas with year of establishment missing]]

{{India-protected-area-stub}}
{{Assam-geo-stub}}

Monghyr Mutiny

2026-02-17T22:10:21Z

Prakashmishra1991: added the details added tags

{{short description|Mutiny against the East India Company}}
[[File:A military officer of the East India Company (cropped).jpg|thumb|An officer of the East India Company c.1765-70]]
[[File:IGI1908India1765a (cropped to Bengal).jpg|thumb|Map showing Bengal and surrounding states in 1765. The British posts at Allahabad, Patna (Bankipore), Monghyr and Calcutta are shown]]
The '''Monghyr Mutiny''' (also known as the '''White Mutiny'''{{refn|Not to be confused with the 1858-59 [[White mutiny]] during the dissolution of the [[East India Company]]'s European regiments.|group=nb}})<ref name=brit/> occurred among European officers of the [[East India Company]] stationed in Bengal in 1766. The mutiny arose after the East India Company's governor of Bengal, [[Robert Clive]], implemented an order to reduce the [[batta]] field allowance paid to its army officers. The batta had been doubled while the troops were in the service of the Nawab of Bengal [[Mir Jafar]]. Clive's order came into effect on 1 January 1766 and brought the allowances into line with those paid by the company in the rest of India. At this time the company army in Bengal was divided into three brigades under the command of [[Robert Fletcher (East India Company officer)|Sir Robert Fletcher]], [[Richard Smith (East India Company officer)|Richard Smith]] and [[Sir Robert Barker, 1st Baronet|Robert Barker]].

There was some dissent against reductions to the batta and later evidence showed that plotting against Clive may have begun as early as December 1765. A scheme of mass-resignations was agreed upon and consented to by some 200 officers. The planning was carried out in secret and Clive did not learn of the impending mutiny until he received a note from Barker, via Fletcher, on 25 April stating that he had uncovered it. After this discovery the officers brought forwards their mutiny from 1 June to 1 May. Clive ordered his brigade commanders to arrest any officer who refused to do his duty and brought in reinforcements from other posts to assist him.

Clive determined that the centre of the mutiny was Fletcher's brigade at [[Munger Fort|Monghyr Fort]] and, on 6 May, set off with a small number of men for this post. Some of Clive's officers arrived at [[Munger|Monghyr]] on 12 May and separated a number of loyal officers from the mutineers. One of the loyal officers, Captain Smith, mustered two regiments of sepoys and seized the European barracks at the fort on 14 May. Fletcher appeared and joined with Smith to quell the mutiny which was achieved without any bloodshed.

Clive arrived at the fort on 15 May and, after ensuring the post was secured, marched to Smith's brigade which was posted to the frontier to deter a [[Maratha Army|Maratha]] invasion. The other brigades were less severely affected and only a small minority of officers were dismissed from the service for mutiny. Vacancies in Clive's command were filled with officers taken from the [[Madras Army]]. Clive determined that Fletcher had been involved in the mutiny from an early stage and he was [[cashiered]] from the service at a court-martial. The event has been described as one of the most dangerous in the history of the East India Company.

== Origins ==
[[File:Shah Alam II, Mughal Emperor of India, reviewing the East India Company's troops, 1781.jpg|thumb|1894 illustration of Shah Alam II reviewing the British East India Company's troops in 1781]]

[[Robert Clive]] led British forces in India during the [[Seven Years' War]] (1756-63) against France and her allies. His victory at the [[Battle of Plassey]] in 1757 brought [[Mir Jafar]] to power as [[Nawab of Bengal]] and brought the province into the sphere of influence of the [[East India Company]]. Clive afterwards served as [[List of governors of Bengal Presidency|Governor]] of the company's [[Bengal Presidency]]. Clive returned to England in 1760 but failed to establish himself as a politician. Clive was appointed by the company as Governor of Bengal once more in 1765 at a time of crisis for the presidency, Mir Jafar had been deposed by [[Mir Qasim]] and the province invaded by the Mughal Emperor [[Shah Alam II]].<ref name=brit>{{cite web |title=Robert Clive - Clive's administrative achievements |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Clive/Clives-administrative-achievements |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=6 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

Upon landing at Calcutta he found the military situation had been saved by the company's victory at the [[Battle of Buxar]] but the administration in a poor state. Clive implemented the dual-system of company rule under the nominal sovereignty of the Emperor and Nawab. Tax revenues from Bengal and [[Bihar]] were increased and he sought to restrict rampant corruption by forbidding company officials from accepting gifts or entering into commercial trade.<ref name=brit/> Clive's reforms extended to the [[Bengal Army]] which had previously had no organisation above the battalion level.<ref name=arbuthnot168>{{Harvnb|Arbuthnot|1899|p=168}}</ref> Clive consolidated the units into three brigades and centralised them in healthier stations than they had been posted to previously. Each brigade comprised one regiment of European infantry,{{refn|European infantry regiments were formed entirely from white men in all ranks. With 18th-century wars and competition from the British Army causing a shortage of recruits the East India Company engaged contractors to source recruits from across Europe. The regiments contained men of a number of nationalities including former French, German and Swiss prisoners of war.<ref>{{Harvnb|Fisher|1997|p=The Bengal Army's European Regiments}}</ref>|group=nb}} one company of artillery, six battalions of [[sepoy]] infantry,{{refn|Clive had introduced Sepoy regiments in April 1758. These were formed from 800-1,000 Indian enlisted men with a mix of Indian and British officers. They were equipped and drilled in a semi-European fashion.<ref name=sepoy>{{Harvnb|Fisher|1997|p=Sepoy Battalions}}</ref>|group=nb}} and a troop of sepoy cavalry. The First Brigade was stationed at [[Munger|Monghyr]]{{refn|This article uses the contemporary British spelling of Monghyr. The town was known as Munger in the vernacular and that name is used by the modern city.<ref>{{Harvnb|O'Malley|2007|p=247}}</ref>|group=nb}} under Lieutenant Colonel [[Robert Fletcher (East India Company officer)|Sir Robert Fletcher]], the Second Brigade at [[Allahabad]] under Colonel [[Richard Smith (East India Company officer)|Richard Smith]] and the Third Brigade at [[Bankipore]] (near [[Patna]]) under Colonel [[Sir Robert Barker, 1st Baronet|Robert Barker]].<ref name=strachey3>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=3}}</ref> The entire force numbered some 14,000–15,000 sepoys and 3,000 Europeans.<ref name=sepoy/>

[[File:Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive by Nathaniel Dance, (later Sir Nathaniel Dance-Holland, Bt).jpg|thumb|left|Robert Clive]]
The officers in the company army had previously supplemented their salaries by engaging in large scale commercial trading, at the expense of military efficiency. The officer corps had demonstrated a lack of discipline in the disorder following the distribution of price money after the February 1756 [[Battle of Vijaydurg]], during which a number of deaths occurred.<ref name=martin304>{{Harvnb|Martin|1879|p=304}}</ref> The officers had also grown accustomed to receiving an allowance, the [[batta]], as a supplement to their salaries.<ref name=martin304/> This had originally been awarded to cover officers' expenses in the field and the responsibility for payment had transferred to Mir Jafar, who doubled the allowance, while the troops were in his service. Clive later claimed to have spoken to the officers at this time to caution them that the "double batta" was a strictly temporary arrangement.<ref name=strachey2>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=2}}</ref> After the fall of Mir Jaffar, Mir Qasim refused to pay the batta and in lieu of payment offered the districts of [[Burdwan]], [[Midnapore]] and [[Chittagong]] to the company. The revenues from these districts exceeded the cost of the batta payments so the company accepted.<ref name=martin304/>

In peacetime the company came to consider the batta payments an unnecessary expense and ordered Clive to withdraw the allowance.<ref name=martin304/> Clive ordered changes to the batta to be implemented from 1 January 1766. It was abolished completely for troops stationed in the company's [[Factory (trading post)|factories]] (trading posts) and restricted to half batta for the troops of the First and Third Brigades who were in garrison. The double batta was retained for the Second Brigade while they were posted to active duty in the territory of the Nawab of Oudh, [[Shuja-ud-Daula]], to deter a possible Maratha invasion. This would cease upon their return to Allahabad, where they were permitted a full batta payment on account of the high living expenses at that post. The payments were still in excess of those allowed to the company's officers in other regions, such as those on the [[Coromandel Coast]], who had never received a batta.<ref name=strachey4>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=4}}</ref> In compensation for Bengal officers, Clive allocated them a portion of the company's profits on the salt, betel-nut and tobacco monopolies.<ref name=martin304/>

== Planning ==
[[File:Fort at Monghyr on the river Ganges, India. Coloured etching Wellcome V0050406 (cropped).jpg|thumb|The British fort at Monghyr, depicted in 1787]]
Although there were complaints made to Clive over the batta order, these did not initially strike him as serious in nature.<ref name=martin305/> However in a report made by Clive's private secretary [[Sir Henry Strachey, 1st Baronet|Henry Strachey]] to a secret [[Select committee (United Kingdom)|committee of the House of Commons]], from which much of the historical record of the mutiny is derived, Strachey states that he believes the mutiny had been planned as early as December 1765.<ref name=strachey5>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=5}}</ref> An investigation later thought the mutiny had its origin at the Monghyr garrison where secret committees of officers, disguised as [[masonic lodge]]s, met to plan the restoration of the batta.<ref name=kaye/> The officers from Monghyr appointed a correspondence officer who communicated with others appointed in the Second and Third Brigades to seek their support.<ref name=strachey5/><ref name=strachey6>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=6}}</ref> The correspondence officer of the Second Brigade responded to the letter from Monghyr stating that the officers of the brigade considered themselves on active service and would not join the mutiny at this time but would do so if, upon returning to garrison, the batta payment was reduced.<ref name=strachey6/> The Third Brigade was more committed in its resolve and there was almost unanimous support for the mutiny among its officers.<ref name=strachey15/>

The plan was for all officers to resign their commissions en masse on 1 June 1766 if the batta order was not rescinded, though as a bargaining strategy they would agree to serve unpaid for a further two weeks to allow Clive time to meet their demands.<ref name=kaye/><ref name=martin305/> To avoid accusations of mutiny the officers would refuse to draw their salary for June, which was paid in advance.<ref name=strachey7>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=7}}</ref> Some 200 officers joined the plot, swearing oaths to not accept reinstatement unless the batta was restored on penalty of a fine of £500. The officers also swore oaths that they would intervene to prevent the executions of any of their comrades.<ref name=kaye/><ref name=martin305/> Acknowledging that some officers may be dismissed from the service as a result of the action a subscription was raised among the mutineers and some of the civilians in Calcutta to pay for passage to Britain and for replacement commissions in the British Army for any such man.<ref name=strachey8>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=8}}</ref><ref name=kaye/>

== Discovery ==
[[File:Sir Robert Fletcher.png|thumb|Sir Robert Fletcher]]
Clive first learnt of the impending mutiny by a letter from Fletcher, dated 25 April, in which he stated that the officers of his brigade had communicated their intentions to resign their commissions. Fletcher enclosed a letter from Barker which stated that he had uncovered the impending mutiny at a court martial held after a captain had attempted to force an ensign to hand over his commission. Barker claimed he had not learnt of it earlier due to being away from the cantonment on an expedition to [[Bettiah]].<ref name=strachey11>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=11}}</ref> The discovery of the plot seems to have convinced the mutineers to bring forwards the date of their resignations to 1 May.<ref name=strachey12>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=12}}</ref> Clive ordered Barker and Fletcher to find those involved in the plot and arrest them, for trial by officers of Clive's choosing (they would normally be tried by officers of their own brigade).<ref name=strachey15>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=15}}</ref> Clive received no reply to this letter and began to suspect that Fletcher may have been involved in the affair.<ref name=strachey17>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=17}}</ref>

Clive considered that the company's order to withdraw the batta was premature but did not want to appear weak by making concessions to the officers.<ref name=kaye>{{Harvnb|Kaye|Malleson|2010|p=152}}</ref> There was considerable ill feeling towards Clive as a result and some threats against his life were made, which he dismissed saying the officers were "Englishmen, not assassins".<ref name=martin305/> However, Clive worried that the threatened Maratha invasion or a spread of the mutiny to his Indian regiments would compel him to reach a settlement.<ref name=kaye/>

Clive wrote to Calcutta on 29 April to notify the company leadership of the mutiny and to request as many spare officers, cadets in training and European volunteers as could be found be sent to reinforce him.<ref name=strachey14>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=14}}</ref> Although some existing military personnel were sent, the request for civilian volunteers went largely unheeded. Of around 100 men of suitable age and ability in Calcutta only two volunteers were forthcoming; these men, who stood a few weeks of parade duty in the city, were rewarded with duty free trade privileges.<ref name=strachey26>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=26}}</ref> It seems that the mutineers wrote to their friends elsewhere in India to ask that they refuse to deploy to Bengal. When Clive discovered this he wrote to Calcutta to ask that they hold all post from Bengal.<ref name=strachey23>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=23}}</ref>

At the same time Clive wrote to his brigade commanders to reinforce his order that the batta be reduced, to make it clear to the officers that he would not abide dissent in this matter and to request that the commanders seek support from the [[subedar]]s{{refn|Subedars were Indian officers in the Company's Indian battalions. Although junior to British officers of the battalion they carried out much of the day-to-day running of the unit.<ref>{{Harvnb|Reid|2012|p=22}}</ref>|group=nb}} in case their troops were needed.<ref name=strachey14/><ref name=kaye/> It appears that the subedars supported Clive and indicated that they would, if necessary, fire upon the mutineers.<ref name=kaye/>

== Suppression ==
[[File:1st Bengal European Regiment c. 1756.jpg|thumb|left|A private of the [[101st Regiment of Foot (Royal Bengal Fusiliers)|1st Bengal European Regiment]], 1756]]

On the new date of the mutiny, 1 May, Fletcher received the commissions of 42 of his officers and informed Clive of this.<ref name=strachey18>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=18}}</ref> He arrested two officers and ordered them to Calcutta, but was not certain if these were the ringleaders.<ref name=strachey24>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=24}}</ref> The mutiny was less widespread in Barker's brigade, and he refused to accept the commissions offered to him.<ref name=martin305/><ref name=strachey24/> Barker discovered his [[adjutant]], Ensign Robertson was a ring leader and sent him and three others to Calcutta under arrest.<ref name=strachey22>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=22}}</ref> Barker also discovered 140,000 rupees (£16,000), sent to support the mutineers from civilians in Calcutta, into which Clive requested the company investigate.<ref name=strachey19>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=19}}</ref>

Clive gathered the few reliable officers he had to hand - his aide-de-camp [[John Carnac]], his body guard and five others - plus a number of sepoys and marched for Monghyr on 6 May.<ref name=strachey22/><ref name=martin305/> En route he intercepted an express package containing the commissions of officers from Barker's brigade sent to the company leadership in Calcutta.<ref name=strachey24/> Clive also received communications from Fletcher stating that he had full confidence in his officers, despite their resignations, and thought no trouble would arise.<ref name=strachey27>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=27}}</ref> Clive also received authorisation from the company council to accept any resignations tendered and that such men should be sent to Calcutta.<ref name=strachey25>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=25}}</ref>

At 9.00 pm on the night of 12 May a detachment of officers loyal to Clive arrived at Monghyr. They spent the next day visiting the officers there to try to persuade them to return to their duties and end the mutiny.<ref name=strachey29>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=29}}</ref> Some of the officers alleged that Fletcher was the originator of the mutiny and had withheld information from them. Some of these officers were detached from the mutineers in the fort, while Clive's men remained in the garrison in case the mutiny came about.<ref name=strachey30>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=30}}</ref>

On the night of 13 May night two battalions of sepoys under Captain Smith, one of the officers detached from Monghyr, were brought to the exercise ground at Monghyr from their quarters at [[Kharagpur]].<ref name=strachey31/><ref name=omalley48>{{Harvnb|O'Malley|2007|p=48}}</ref> They slept on the ground and the next morning Smith proposed to Fletcher that the sepoys be brought into the fort to take charge of the principal entrances. That afternoon Fletcher ordered Smith to bring the soldiers to the barracks of the European regiment, stating that they had mutinied.<ref name=strachey31>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=31}}</ref> Smith's sepoys seized the signal battery overlooking the barracks which seemed to forestall the European other ranks, who had drawn arms and seemed to be making moves to join their officers.<ref name=omalley48/> Smith's men fixed bayonets and ordered the Europeans to withdraw to their quarters. At this juncture Fletcher appeared and harangued the other ranks, who replied that they had turned out in the belief that it was Fletcher's order.<ref name=omalley49>{{Harvnb|O'Malley|2007|p=49}}</ref> After granting the men two rupees apiece Fletcher ordered almost all of the officers out of the fort.<ref name=strachey32>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=32}}</ref>

Fletcher afterwards claimed to have forestalled the mutiny, having detected it in January. Though Clive doubted this as the earliest communication he had received from Fletcher regarding the mutiny was 25 April.<ref name=martin305/> [[Alexander John Arbuthnot|Arbuthnot]] (1899) claims that Fletcher had "played a double game" since the earliest stages of the mutiny. He alleges that he encouraged or even instigated the affair and only switched to Clive's side at the last moment.<ref name=arbuthnot169>{{Harvnb|Arbuthnot|1899|p=169}}</ref>

== Clive's arrival and the other brigades ==
[[File:Sepoys of the 3rd Battalion at Bombay, 1773 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Sepoy of the third battalion of Bengal Native Infantry (raised 1769)]]
Clive and Carnac arrived at Monghyr on the morning of 15 May and immediately gave orders for a general inspection of the brigade to take place the following day. The garrison turned out in good order but few of their officers were present, having been sent away by Fletcher.<ref name=strachey33>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=33}}</ref> Clive spoke, by interpreter, to the Indian soldiers. He commended them for their good behaviour, decorated several of their officers and non-commissioned officers (possible the [[Monghyr Mutiny Medal]]) and awarded the entire body two months double pay.<ref name=strachey34>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=34}}</ref> Clive sent a detachment to the mutineer officers, encamped a few miles away, with orders that they were to go to Calcutta, which they obeyed. A small number of fresh officers sent out from Calcutta reached the post and, with around a dozen more expected in the coming days, Clive felt able to leave Monghyr on 17 May to check on Smith's Brigade on the frontier.<ref name=strachey35>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=35}}</ref>

Colonel Smith had weathered the mutiny reasonably well. He had arrested all of his officers, bar four that he considered reliable and made a speech requesting that they obey his orders. Almost all of the officers relented and ended their mutiny, apart from six who Smith sent as prisoners to Patna.<ref name=strachey46>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=46}}</ref> These six men were dismissed the service and sent on to Calcutta; Clive requested that the French and Dutch outposts at nearby [[Chandannagar]] and [[Hugli-Chuchura|Chinsura]] not accept these men into their service.<ref name=strachey47/> Smith was later authorised by Clive to pardon those officers who he chose to retain and to dismiss the remainder.<ref name=strachey49/> All of the ensigns, many of the lieutenants and some of the captains were accepted back into the company's service.<ref name=strachey49>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=49}}</ref> Those who rejoined were compelled to sign a contract requiring one years notice of resignation.<ref name=strachey50/> Barker's brigade was brought up to Allahabad to reinforce the frontier against the threatened Maratha invasion but it was not necessary, the frontier remained quiet.<ref name=strachey35/><ref name=arbuthnot170>{{Harvnb|Arbuthnot|1899|p=170}}</ref>

The mutiny in Barker's command was much smaller, his officers proved more loyal and his European enlisted men, being recent recruits, had little connection with the mutinying officers and chose not to side with them.<ref name=strachey36>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=36}}</ref> Barker was suspicious of the artillery detachment and chose to take command of that unit himself.<ref name=strachey36/> Because all officers in this brigade continued to serve Clive chose to restore all of the officers of that unit whose resignations he had received.<ref name=strachey47>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=47}}</ref> Vacancies in the Bengal Army were filled with replacement officers drawn from the [[Madras Army]]. Strachey described the resulting officer corps as the best ever seen in India to that time.<ref name=strachey50>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=50}}</ref>

== Legal proceedings ==
[[File:John Petrie and wife in india.jpg|thumb|The mutineer John Petrie, who had been cashiered by Clive in 1766, depicted with his wife after his return to India as a civil administrator]]

The officers dismissed were ordered to leave Calcutta and British India; two refused to do so and barricaded themselves in their rooms, they were arrested a number of days later. Efforts to track down the civilians who had financed the mutiny proved unsuccessful; they had sent their communications by private means and often disguised as letters to ladies, which were unlikely to be intercepted and read.<ref name=strachey55>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=55}}</ref>

Clive ordered Fletcher to place himself under arrest and await a court-martial for mutiny. He requested instead that he be tried by a civil court, which he thought would be more favourable, but Clive refused, noting that the offence was a matter of military law only.<ref name=strachey72>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=72}}</ref> The court-martial heard that Fletcher may have been aware of the planned mutiny as early as December, but had not passed on this information to Clive until his letter of 25 April. <ref name=strachey116>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=116}}</ref><ref name=strachey113>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=113}}</ref><ref name=strachey84>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=84}}</ref> Additionally it heard evidence that Fletcher had been the instigator of the mass resignations.<ref name=strachey84/>

The court-martial found Fletcher guilty of breaching the third and fourth articles of the second section of the articles of war, for having incited sedition and failing to pass on knowledge of the intended mutiny.<ref name=strachey129>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=129}}</ref> The court-martial was hesitant to pass a severe sentence (capital punishment was permitted for mutiny) as it considered that the act of parliament under which the mutineers were tried implied a formal contract of employment was necessary to bring a mutiny charge.<ref name=strachey75>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|pp=75-76}}</ref><ref name=martin306>{{Harvnb|Martin|1879|p=304}}</ref> The men were sentenced to be cashiered instead.<ref name=strachey129/><ref name=martin305>{{Harvnb|Martin|1879|p=305}}</ref> At least one of the officers was subject to a formal cashiering where his sword and [[spontoon]] were broken over his head and his officer's sash cut up in front of a parade of the troops at Bankipore.<ref name=strachey77>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=77}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
Clive's private secretary, Henry Strachey, made a report on the mutiny to a secret committee of the British House of Commons, which was published publicly in 1773.<ref name=strachey2/> Strachey was of the opinion that, had the mutiny over the batta succeeded, the officers would have expanded their demands to include reinstatement of their trading rights, the revocation of the ban on accepting gifts, the abolition of the control of the army by the East India Company select committee and a guarantee that new officers would not be appointed to replace them.<ref name=strachey51>{{Harvnb|Strachey|1773|p=51}}</ref> Arbuthnot stated that "not one of Clive's other achievements have surpassed, in the courage which he evinced, and in the genius which he displayed, his suppression of this mutiny".<ref name=arbuthnot170/> Martin, writing in 1879, regarded the mutiny as "one of the most dangerous storms which ever menaced the power of the East India Company".<ref name=martin306/> A [[Monghyr Mutiny Medal]] is said in some sources to have been awarded to Indian soldiers who helped quell the mutiny, if so this would be the first medal awarded by the company in India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Silver medal commemorating the suppression of the 'Monghyr Mutiny', 1766 |url=https://collection.nam.ac.uk/detail.php?acc=1966-11-6-1 |website=Online Collection |publisher=National Army Museum, London |accessdate=4 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Chakravorty|1995|p=32}}</ref>

Clive himself left India for the final time in January 1767, after falling ill.<ref name=martin306/><ref name=brit/> The reforms he put in place did much to reduce corruption among the company's officers but in spite of these, the company had to request financial support from the British government in 1772 to avoid bankruptcy.<ref name=brit/> A government investigation found corruption among company officials and laid the blame with Clive, who had himself made a fortune while in India.<ref name=martin306/><ref name=brit/> Clive vigorously defended himself in parliament and the government later admitted he rendered "great and meritorious services to his country". With his health failing he committed suicide in November 1774.<ref name=brit/>

Fletcher, upon his return to Britain, lobbied in parliament for his reinstatement and was posted to command the [[Madras Army]] in 1772, after Clive withdrew his opposition. Fletcher came into conflict with the Madras governor, [[Josias Du Pre]], and was dismissed from the council. He returned home in 1773 but was posted again to India in 1775 to command the Madras Army. Fletcher came into dispute with the new governor [[George Pigot, 1st Baron Pigot|Lord Pigot]], which culminated in Pigot's arrest. Fletcher afterwards fell ill with tuberculosis and died whilst on a convalescent sea voyage.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cannon |first1=J.A. |title=Fletcher, Sir Robert (c.1738-76), of Ballinasloe, co. Roscommon and Lindertis, Angus. |url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1754-1790/member/fletcher-sir-robert-1738-76 |website=History of Parliament Online |publisher=History of Parliament Trust |accessdate=10 August 2020}}</ref> One of Fletcher's fellow mutineers, Thomas Goddard, also later became a general.<ref>{{Harvnb|O'Malley|2007|p=239}}</ref> Another, John Petrie, returned to India as a company employee in a high-ranking civil appointment.<ref name=martin306/>

With the expansion of British India, Monghyr lost its importance as a frontier garrison. Though regarded as a "healthy station", it was used as a hospital for British and Indian troops and as a clothing depot. The district was not troubled during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|sepoy mutiny of 1857]].<ref>{{Harvnb|O'Malley|2007|pp=50-1}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=nb}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*{{cite book |last1=Arbuthnot |first1=Sir Alexander John |title=Lord Clive: The Foundation of British Rule in India |date=1899 |publisher=T. Fisher Unwin |location=London |edition=Builders of Greater Britain |url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/23111/GIPE-002931.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y}}
*{{cite book |last1=Chakravorty |first1=B. |title=Stories of Heroism: PVC & MVC Winners |date=1995 |publisher=Allied Publishers |isbn=978-81-7023-516-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzizVBSb4YsC |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=Fisher |first1=Michael H. |title=Introduction and biographical essay to: The Travels of Dean Mahomet |date=1997 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |url=http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft4h4nb20n/}}
*{{cite book |last1=Kaye |first1=John |last2=Malleson |first2=George Bruce |title=Kaye's and Malleson's History of the Indian Mutiny of 1857-8 |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-02323-8 |page=152 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mxRkemGNk9oC |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=Robert Montgomery |title=Our Indian Empire and the Adjacent Countries of Afghanistan, Beloochistan, Persia, Etc., Depicted and Described by Pen and Pencil |date=1879 |publisher=London Print. and Publishing Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IlABAAAAQAAJ |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=O'Malley |first1=L. S. S. |title=Bihar And Orissa District Gazetteers : Monghyr |date=2007 |publisher=Logos Press |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-7268-135-7 |edition=1926 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ONw8apR5mVYC |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=Reid |first1=Stuart |title=Armies of the East India Company 1750–1850 |date=2012 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-84908-096-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1y1CwAAQBAJ |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=Strachey |first1=Sir Henry |title=Narrative of the Mutiny of the Officers of the Army in Bengal, in the Year 1766 |date=1773 |publisher=Becket |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iQ8NAAAAYAAJ |language=en}}

[[Category:Military history of the British East India Company]]
[[Category:Mutinies]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1766]]

Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi Regional Institute of Mental Health

2026-02-11T12:57:53Z

Prakashmishra1991:

{{Short description|Mental health care institute in Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox University|
| name = Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi Regional Institute of Mental Health
| native_name =
| motto =
| image = Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi Regional Institute of Mental Health Logo.png
| endowment = {{INRConvert|65|c}}(2025–26 est.)<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 Feb 2025 |title=DEMAND NO. 46, Department of Health and Family Welfare, MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE |url=https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/eb/sbe46.pdf |access-date=1 Feb 2025 |website=Indiabudget.gov.in}}</ref>
| affiliations = [[Srimanta Sankaradeva University of Health Sciences]], [[National Medical Commission|NMC]]
| type = Autonomous tertiary mental health care institute under MoHFW, GoI
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|1876}}
| director = Dr. J. Hazarika
| city = Mahabhairab, [[Tezpur]]
| state = [[Assam]]
| country =
| coordinates = {{coord|26|37|41|N|92|48|36|E|}}
| campus = Urban
| website = {{URL|http://www.lgbrimh.gov.in/}}
}}
'''Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi Regional Institute of Mental Health''' is one of the oldest mental health care institutes in India, established in 1876. It is located in [[Tezpur]], in the [[Sonitpur district]] of [[Assam]]. The institute is spread over 81 acres of land.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} The institute is funded by [[Government of India]].

==Location==
Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi Regional Institute of Mental Health (LGBRIMH) is located in Tezpur, Assam. It is connected by road, rail, and air to other parts of the country. The institute is located about 2 km from the ASTC Bus Stand in Tezpur. It is about 180 km from [[Guwahati]].
[[Tezpur Airport]] at Salonibari is about 15 km from the institute.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}

==History==
The Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi Regional Institute of Mental Health (LGBRIMH) was initially set up as
''Tezpur Lunatic Asylum'' under the [[British Government]] in April, 1876.
In 1922 the hospital was renamed as ''Tezpur Mental Hospital''. The hospital accommodation rose up to 700 beds in 1932.
After the Independence, the hospital was brought under the [[Government of Assam]]. In 1949, Late Dr. N. C. Bordoloi became the Superintendent of the hospital. During his tenure, the hospital saw marked improvement in the administration and treatment services. Dr. Bordoloi was the first psychiatrist in the country to receive the [[Padma Shri|Padmashree]] Award from the [[Government of India]] for his dedicated service.
A new Out-Patient Department (OPD) was built in 1987. In the following year, another two storied building was built to accommodate the increased number of patients. In 1989, the hospital was renamed as ''Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi Institute of Mental Health'' on the name of first chief minister of Assam [[Gopinath Bordoloi]] .
In 1999 the Institute was handed over to the [[North Eastern Council]] (NEC).
On 1 June 2007, the Institute was taken over by the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)]], Government of India.
<ref name="History">{{cite web | url=http://www.lgbrimh.org/History.html | title=History of LGBRIMH | publisher=LGBRIMH, Tezpur | accessdate=26 September 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316080619/http://lgbrimh.org/History.html | archive-date=16 March 2015 | url-status=usurped }}</ref>

==Academics==

===Department of Psychiatry===
Department of Psychiatry established in 1998. Residency Scheme of Government of India was started in this Institute from 2001.
The Department started the DNB course in 2006 and MD course in 2010. It has regular structured teaching programmes for the trainees as per guidelines approved by the [[National Board of Examinations]] (NBE), [[National Medical Commission]] (NMC) and [[Srimanta Sankaradeva University of Health Sciences]] (SSUHS). The faculties also provide medico-legal services and act in cooperation with the District Disability Rehabilitation Centre (DDRC), Tezpur for certification of disability.

Courses Offered:
MD (Psychiatry) 11 seats through NEET PG

===Department of Psychiatric Nursing===
Department of Psychiatric Nursing was started in the year 1998. In 2001, the Diploma in Psychiatric Nursing (DPN) was started under the [[Nursing Council of India]] and State Nursing Council. In 2007, the M. Sc Nursing (Psychiatric Nursing) course was introduced for the first time in the NER of India under Gauhati University. Dr Arunjyoti Baruah, HOD of Department of Psychiatric Nursing received the [[Florence Nightingale]] Award from the President of India in 2009.

Course Offered :
*'''Diploma in Psychiatric Nursing (DPN)'''
**The candidate should have a certificate in General Nursing and Midwifery or B.Sc. Nursing.
**Should be a Registered Nurse in the State Nursing Council with one year of working experience.
* '''M. Sc (Psychiatric Nursing)'''
** B.Sc Nursing / Post basic B.Sc Nursing degree from any university recognised by the Nursing Council of India.
**Should be a registered nurse with minimum one year of working experience.

===Department of Clinical Psychology===
The Department of Clinical Psychology was set up in the year 2002. The M.Phil course in Clinical Psychology was introduced in 2011 under affiliation to Gauhati University.
Course Offered:
*'''M. Phil in Clinical Psychology'''(2 years full-time)
**Minimum educational qualification for admission to this course will be M.A./M.Sc. degree in Psychology/Counseling Psychology/ Clinical Psychology/Applied Psychology from UGC approved University/Institutions securing not less than 55% marks in aggregate. However, there will be relaxation of 5% on the aggregate marks obtained in the qualifying examination for SC/ST candidates.

=== Department of Psychiatric Social Work===

The Department of Psychiatric Social Work was started in 1998 with the objective of starting psychiatric social work services and teaching programs in psychiatric social work. The M. Phil course in Psychiatric Social Work was introduced in 2009 under affiliation to Gauhati University. There are 11 seats available for the MPhil program. 50 % of the seats are reserved for North Eastern states of India. The PhD program in Psychiatric Social Work was introduced in 2017. Seat availability for PhD is as per availability of seat vacancy among the Gauhati University approved guides. The department has four approved guides.

Course Offered :'''1. M. Phil (Psychiatric Social Work)'''
**Masters in Social Work (MSW) or M.A. in Arts in Social Work from a UGC approved University / Institution securing not less than 55% marks in the aggregate, with or without specialization in Medical & Psychiatric Social Work. However, there will be relaxation of 5% on the aggregate marks obtained in the qualifying examination for SC/ST candidates.

2. PhD (Psychiatric Social Work)
** Masters in Social Work (MSW) or M.A. in Arts in Social Work from a UGC approved University / Institution securing not less than 55% marks in the aggregate.

=== Department of Pathology & Microbiology===
Department of Pathology & Microbiology was started in the year 1999. All necessary Laboratory investigations of the hospital are undertaken through this department.

The M.sc course in Master in Medical Laboratory Sciences (MMLS) was introduced in 2021 under affiliation to Gauhati University.

Courses Offered : 5 seats in Each Department. (Institute Stipendary)

'''1. M.M.L.S (Haematology & Blood Banking)'''

'''2. M.M.L.S (Medical Microbiology)'''

* Eligibility Criteria:
** Bachelors in Medical Laboratory Sciences (BMLS/BMLT) from a UGC approved University / Institution with minimum percentage of marks -55% aggregate and Should have Completed Six (6) months compulsory internship in recognized Institutions.

=== Department of Biochemistry===
Department of Biochemistry in the institute was started in the year 1999 with the goal to achieve overall quality in teaching and patient care services. 24 X 7 Laboratory Services is available in the Department.

The M.sc course in Master in Medical Laboratory Sciences (MMLS) was introduced in 2021 under affiliation to Gauhati University.

Course Offered : 5 seats (Institute Stipendary)

'''1. M.M.L.S (Clinical Biochemistry)'''

* Eligibility Criteria:
** Bachelors in Medical Laboratory Sciences (BMLS/BMLT) from a UGC approved University / Institution with minimum percentage of marks -55% aggregate and Should have Completed Six (6) months compulsory internship in recognized Institutions.

=== The Department of Radiology===
The Department of Radiology was started in the year 1999 as a specialized, full-fledged department to meet the clinical needs in diagnostic imaging and image-guided therapies of the institute. Currently, the Department has a modern CT Scan machine, a mobile X- Ray machine and a Color Doppler Ultrasonic machine for the purpose. The process of installation of Digital X-Ray machine is under way.

===Department of Anaesthesiology===
Since the year 1954, only direct form of Electro-Convulsive Therapy was administered to patients. The full-fledged Department of Anaesthesiology was started in the year 2003 following the purchase of computerized Electro-Convulsive Therapy machine and Boyle’s apparatus. Modified ECT was introduced in the year 2004..

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Organizations established in 1876]]
[[Category:Mental health in India]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Assam]]
[[Category:1876 establishments in India]]

Arjun Shekhar

2026-02-06T05:48:38Z

Prakashmishra1991: put up a data v1

{{short description|Indian entrepreneur and writer (born 1965)}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Arjun Shekhar
|image = File:ArjunShekhar.jpg
|image_size =
|alma_mater = [[XLRI Jamshedpur]] [[Delhi School of Economics]] [[Delhi University]]
|alt = photo of Arjun Shekhar
|caption = Arjun Shekhar
|birth_name = Arjun Shekhar
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1965|4|20}}
|birth_place = [[Jalore]], [[Rajasthan]], India
|occupation = Founder at Vyaktitva
|spouse = Ashraf Patel
|children = 1
|parents =
|website = {{URL|http://vyaktitva.net/|Vyaktitva}}
}}

'''Arjun Shekhar''' (born 20 April 1965) is an Indian entrepreneur and writer. An XLRI alumni, he is the founder of the Vyaktitva. He is also the writer of the books, ''A Flawed God'' and ''End of Story?''.

== Life and education ==

=== Early life ===
Arjun was born in [[Jalore]], [[Rajasthan]]. His mother is from [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]] and his father is from [[Rajasthan]]. His father is a retired [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer who was the [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] Director during the start of the [[Bofors Case|Bofors case]] and also the Director of Police in Rajasthan.

=== Education ===
Arjun graduated from [[XLRI]] in 1990 after having studied at [[Delhi School of Economics]] previously. He captained the XLRI [[cricket]] team during that time.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Borges|first=Andre|date=2014-06-25|title=The author is a meta-character and reveals his own secrets through his characters: Arjun Shekar|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-the-author-is-a-meta-character-and-reveals-his-own-secrets-through-his-characters-arjun-shekar-1995790|access-date=2020-08-10|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref>

== Professional career ==
After 7 years of [[corporate]] citizenship, dissatisfied with following other people's agendas, Arjun decided to begin his own venture. According to him, "Entrepreneurship makes you take complete responsibility for something – you suddenly have a baby and you can't blame anybody else when it cries or pass it on. In this claiming as against blaming, you learn so much – it's the best way to learn about yourself and the world around you – by taking complete responsibility of something and committing fully to it."

He is the [[Entrepreneur|founder]] of Vyaktitva, an organizational development firm that works with companies, [[NGOs]] and individuals to bring out the true element of their character. Services include leadership [[training]], people system [[design]], coaching, facilitation of groups, and many other services in the people management domain. Vyaktitva works with clients of varying scales, locations and outreach.

== Writing career ==

=== ''End of Story?'' ===
His book, ''End Of Story?'', is a thriller that features [[questions]] as chapter headings to run through a plot featuring a [[fictional]] unemployed [[Journalist|journalist's]] experience with [[subliminal advertising]].

The book is inspired by Shekhar's business venture's 'Get Real' journeys that focussed on identity as a [[species]] instead of individual lives. According to him, "Humans represent what is not present through stories. The ability to interpret a story and create authentic stories ourselves – what I call symbolic literacy – isn't taught unfortunately in schools or colleges. And yet it is the most important meta process that humans need to learn. Through my workshops I realized how inadequately understood this field of symbolic literacy is in spite of us being a symbolic species."

The book has met with mostly positive reviews. Heena Khan from ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' calls it an "effortless read, reading through which one often does not want the story to end, quite contrary to its title."

=== A Flawed God ===

Shekhar's first book, ''A Flawed God'', was [[published]] in 2010. It followed the experiences of a consultant through his choices in his dealings with the corporate world and the stock market.

"A brilliant satire of the boxwallah’s world in which every incident makes you chuckle.." says Jaya Bhattacharji Rose from the Asian Age. The book reached the Sunday Guardian bestseller list of July 2011.

=== ''The Ocean in a Drop'' ===
He co-wrote the book ''The Ocean in a Drop''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/books/review-the-ocean-in-a-drop-inside-out-youth-leadership/article1-1035164.aspx |title=Review: The Ocean in a Drop: Inside out Youth Leadership - Hindustan Times |website=www.hindustantimes.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205042818/http://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/books/review-the-ocean-in-a-drop-inside-out-youth-leadership/article1-1035164.aspx |archive-date=5 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> with Ashraf Patel, Meenu Venkateswaran and Kamini Prakash in 2013, exploring "how young people have contributed significantly to society in the past, and suggests ways in which they can take centre stage again."

== Personal life ==
Arjun married Ashraf Patel, who studied with him at [[XLRI]] in 1992. She left the corporate sector as well to start up a social enterprise. He likes [[cricket]] and [[trekking]], and has trekked to [[Annapurna]] and [[Nanda Devi]] base camps.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131213075244/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-21/jaipur/43249158_1_book-lovers-bibliophiles-advertising Jaipur bibliophiles interact with Arjun Shekhar]
* [http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5019971.Arjun_Shekhar Arjun Shekhar's profile on Goodreads]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131205042818/http://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/books/review-the-ocean-in-a-drop-inside-out-youth-leadership/article1-1035164.aspx Hindustan Times' review on The Ocean in a Drop]
* [https://www.facebook.com/Booked.ArjunShekhar Social media page for A Flawed God]
* http://www.sagepub.in/authorDetails.nav?contribId=682928
* [http://thehungryreader.wordpress.com/2011/06/09/an-interview-with-arjun-shekhar/ Interview with thehungryreader]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131211145405/http://alumni.xlri.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=139:qa-flawed-godq-novel-by-arjun-shekar-90-pmir&catid=40:in-the-news&Itemid=111 XLRI]
* [http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/DOT0sOGxnr8xD3UHX82GqK/Arjun-Shekhar--Its-time-to-give-youth-a-chance.html Arjun Shekhar on Livemint]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140221210018/http://www.bookgeeks.in/entries/thriller/end-of-story-arjun-shekhar-bookreview/ End of Story? on BookGeeks]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shekhar, Arjun}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Novelists from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:People from Jalore district]]
[[Category:XLRI – Xavier School of Management alumni]]

Bheeshma Parvam (soundtrack)

2026-01-21T22:29:02Z

Prakashmishra1991: put up a entry basic info

{{Short description|2022 soundtrack album by Sushin Shyam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Bheeshma Parvam
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Sushin Shyam]]
| cover = Bheeshma Parvam (soundtrack).jpg
| alt =
| released = 7 March 2022
| recorded = 2021–2022
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 16:19
| language = Malayalam
| label = 123 Musix
| producer = [[Sushin Shyam]]
| prev_title = [[Minnal Murali]]
| prev_year = 2021
| year = 2022
| next_title = [[Ariyippu]]
| next_year = 2022
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 ={{YouTube|1YdQg8vQktU|Audio Jukebox}}
| audio2 =[https://open.spotify.com/album/30i64sPavbG9YAblO8xBBz Original Motion Picture Soundtrack], from [https://open.spotify.com/ Spotify]
}}
}}

'''''Bheeshma Parvam''''' is the [[soundtrack album]] for the 2022 Indian film [[Bheeshma Parvam|of the same name]]. The soundtrack album was composed, produced and arranged by [[Sushin Shyam]], distributed by 123 Musix and released on 7 March 2022. The album received positive feedback from music listeners and critics.

== Production ==
In an interview, Sushin Shyam revealed that making process of the soundtrack was a process that kept on evolving throughout the production, explaining: "When I did the teaser of ''Bheeshma Parvam'', I had this idea, which wasn’t connected to the film at all. But after that, we thought of including that too in the film. So, basically it’s a process that keeps evolving, when you create a new tune, you think why not include it too. When I composed the track ''Parudeesa'', it sort of gave me an idea about the music of the entire film."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Sushin Shyam: For Mammootty's Bheeshma Parvam, I wanted to mix both classical and electronic music |url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-sushin-shyam-for-bheeshma-parvam-i-wanted-to-mix-both-classical-and-electronic-music/a314f53958786 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> According to the music director:
{{blockquote|"When you work with [[Amal Neerad]], he already has his own expectations of what he wants and so I have to deliver that. Sound-wise, he always wants something new. In my initial days, I used to follow what others would want from me, but now I have started to include my additions too. I had an idea about the film, so I wanted to come up with something that mixes both classical and electronic music. That’s the kind of genre I have tried to experiment with, for the songs as well as the score."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Sushin Shyam: For Mammootty's Bheeshma Parvam, I wanted to mix both classical and electronic music |url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-sushin-shyam-for-bheeshma-parvam-i-wanted-to-mix-both-classical-and-electronic-music/a314f53958786 |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>}}

In addition to his acting role as Ami, [[Sreenath Bhasi]] sang the track "Parudeesa". The song ''"Rathi Pushpam"'' sung by [[Unni Menon]] was composed in 80's [[Synth-pop]] style. "we have tried to create songs of that time period. You can’t call it a spoof but you know the song structure of the 80's. For instance, I have tried to compose a song, keeping in mind how my father would tune the track. But I haven’t just tried to recreate the songs of that time period, I have also mixed it with the contemporary genre,"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Sushin Shyam: For Mammootty's Bheeshma Parvam, I wanted to mix both classical and electronic music |url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-sushin-shyam-for-bheeshma-parvam-i-wanted-to-mix-both-classical-and-electronic-music/a314f53958786 |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> said Sushin Shyam.

K. D. Vincent<ref>{{Cite web |title=കെ ഡി വിൻസെന്റ് |url=https://m3db.com/k-d-vincent |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=M3DB.COM |language=en}}</ref> acted as the music coordinator of the project. Songs and score were mixed and mastered by Abin Paul.

== Music video ==
The video of the first song "Parudeesa" (featuring [[Sreenath Bhasi]] and [[Soubin Shahir]]) was released on 19 February 2022,{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}} and turned out to be an instant hit on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-26 |title=The success of 'Parudeesa' is a ray of hope for the dance community in Kerala, say choreographers Sumesh Sundar and Jishnudas |url=https://techilive.in/the-success-of-parudeesa-is-a-ray-of-hope-for-the-dance-community-in-kerala-say-choreographers-sumesh-sundar-and-jishnudas/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=TechiLive.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Antony |first=Meriya |date=2022-01-26 |title=Excellent response for Parudeesa song from Bheeshma Parvam |url=http://onlookersmedia.in/videos/excellent-response-parudeesa-song-bheeshma-parvam/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=onlookersmedia |language=en-US}}</ref> The video was praised for its choreography, picturisation and actors' performance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=This is our 'Parudeesa', say choreographers Sumesh and Jishnu |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/this-is-our-parudeesa-say-choreographers-sumesh-and-jishnu-1.7419766 |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |date=9 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The song video of "Rathi pushpam" was released on 13 March 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rathipushpam Video Song {{!}} Bheeshma Parvam {{!}} Mammootty {{!}} Amal Neerad {{!}} Sushin Shyam {{!}} Unni Menon - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9HJsEv6_1g |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=www.youtube.com | date=13 March 2022 }}</ref> set in the retro style of the 80's and featured [[Shine Tom Chacko]] and Ramzan Muhammed. The video garnered attention for its choreography and thematic portrayal of homosexuality.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-16 |title=My focus is only on cinema: Shine Tom Chacko |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/my-focus-is-only-on-cinema-shine-tom-chacko-7822105/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The video song of "Aakasham Pole" was released on 27 March.

== Reception ==
The soundtrack album received positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-03 |title='Bheeshma Parvam' public review: 5 things that the audience really loved about the film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/bheeshma-parvam-public-review-5-things-that-the-audience-really-loved-about-the-film/photostory/89973191.cms |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-03 |title=Bheeshma Parvam movie review: Passable entertainment on a Godfather-scale canvas |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bheeshma-parvam-movie-review-passable-entertainment-on-a-godfather-scale-canvas-10426101.html |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> Sajin Shrijith of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' stated that "Sushin Shyam’s instantly immersive music alternates between various genres, from classical to contemporary and, at one point, evokes one of the spaghetti-western scores of [[Ennio Morricone]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title='Bheeshma Parvam' film review: Amal Neerad's grand, classy tribute to Mammootty and 'The Godfather' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/mar/04/bheeshma-parvam-film-review-amal-neerads-grand-classy-tribute-to-mammootty-and-the-godfather-2426003.html |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=The New Indian Express |date=4 March 2022 }}</ref> The critic ''Veeyen''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Veeyen Unplugged |url=http://veeyen.com/ |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Veeyen Unplugged |language=en-US}}</ref> wrote, "Sushin Shyam’s arresting musical score leaves an extensive impression, and the upbeat track ''Parudeesa'' stands out from among the lot".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-06 |title=Bheeshma Parvam (2022) Malayalam Review - Veeyen |url=https://veeyen.com/film-reviews/bheeshma-parvam-2022-malayalam-review-veeyen/ |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Veeyen Unplugged |language=en-US}}</ref> "Rathi pushpam" was appreciated as a tribute to the 80's music.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-05 |title=Milliblog Weeklies, Week 176 – Mar.06, 2022 by Milliblog! |url=https://milliblog.com/2022/03/05/milliblog-weeklies-week-176-mar-06-2022/ |access-date=2022-05-16}}</ref> A reviewer of ''Milliblog Music Weekly'' wrote: "In line with the rest of the songs from the film, Sushin stays with this 80's synth sound, and in Unni Menon’s voice, this is a pleasant trip back to the disco days!"<ref>{{Cite web |title= Milliblog Weeklies, Week 176 – Mar.06, 2022 by Milliblog!|date=5 March 2022 |url=https://milliblog.com/2022/03/05/milliblog-weeklies-week-176-mar-06-2022/}}</ref> The track "Aakasham Pole" was praised for its catchy lyrics, soulful music and rendition by [[Hamsika Iyer]] and Kapil Kapilan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-03 |title=Bheeshma Parvam Review: Mammootty's Thrilling And Stylish Action Avatar - Kerala9.com |url=https://www.kerala9.com/reviews/bheeshma-parvam-review-mammoottyys-thrilling-and-stylish-action-avatar/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Track listing ==
The lyrics were penned by [[Rafeeq Ahamed]] and [[Vinayak Sasikumar]].{{Track listing
| all_music =
| headline = ''Bheeshma Parvam'' (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/30i64sPavbG9YAblO8xBBz|title = Bheeshma Parvam (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|website = [[Spotify]]|date = 7 March 2022}}</ref>
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| title1 = Be Notorious
| length1 = 2:51
| lyrics1 = [[Rumi]]'s Quote
| extra1 = Sushin Shyam, [[Hamsika Iyer]], Yogi B
| title2 = Parudeesa
| length2 = 4:03
| lyrics2 = [[Vinayak Sasikumar]]
| extra2 = [[Sreenath Bhasi]]
| title3 = Rathipushpam
| length3 = 2:40
| lyrics3 = [[Vinayak Sasikumar]]
| extra3 = [[Unni Menon]]
| title4 = Aakasham Pole
| length4 = 3:28
| lyrics4 = [[Rafeeq Ahamed]]
| extra4 = Hamsika Iyer, [[Kapil Kapilan]]
| title5 = Bheeshma Parvam (Teaser Theme)
| length5 = 1:16
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 = Sushin Shyam, Christo Xavier
| title6 = Bheeshma Parvam (Trailer Theme)
| length6 = 1:54
| lyrics6 =
| extra6 = Sushin Shyam
| total_length = 16:19
}}

== Background score ==
An original soundtrack album was released separately by [[Amal Neerad Productions]] on 14 April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=562846895196738&id=100044142984130&set=a.293965712084859&source=48 |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref>
{{Infobox album
| name = Bheeshma Parvam
| type = film
| artist = [[Sushin Shyam]]
| cover =
| border =
| alt =
| released = 14 April 2022
| recorded = 2021-2022
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film Score]]
| length = 01:21:24
| language = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
| label = [[Amal Neerad Productions]]
| producer = Sushin Shyam, Christo Xavier, Saeed Abbas
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| chronology =
| misc = {{external media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|CJ_6AFVBl-c|Original Soundtrack}}
| audio2 =[https://open.spotify.com/album/7AkeVOywwMg6jJQJvhVk7Q Original Motion Picture Soundtrack], from [https://open.spotify.com/ Spotify]
}}
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = ''Bheeshma Parvam'' (Original Background Score)
| title1 = Opening
| length1 = 03:23
| title2 = Peter's Theme
| length2 = 02:39
| title3 = Martin's Intro
| length3 = 00:58
| title4 = Story Of Prince And Elsa + Michael's Intro
| length4 = 03:20
| title5 = Michael's Intro
| length5 = 00:38
| title6 = Swami Sharanam
| length6 = 01:42
| title7 = Family Meeting
| length7 = 04:22
| title8 = Mathan's Issue
| length8 = 02:21
| title9 = Susan's Theme
| length9 = 00:41
| title10 = Michael In Action
| length10 = 02:25
| title11 = Molly And Alice
| length11 = 00:40
| title12 = Story Of Michael
| length12 = 02:12
| title13 = James' Entry
| length13 = 03:44
| title14 = Rajan
| length14 = 04:13
| title15 = Rajan Meets Michael
| length15 = 05:31
| title16 = Ami And Rachel
| length16 = 05:31
| title17 = Peter Up For Something
| length17 = 02:06
| title18 = Ami's Swan Song
| length18 = 05:14
| title19 = Ajas' Fury
| length19 = 02:56
| title20 = Michael's Revelation
| length20 = 02:17
| total_length = 01:21:24
| title21 = Michael Attacked
| length21 = 05:22
| title22 = ICU/Bed Of Arrows
| length22 = 02:12
| title23 = Revenge
| length23 = 10:05
| title24 = End Game
| length24 = 03:25
| title25 = The End
| length25 = 02:01
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2022 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Malayalam film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Action film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Thriller film soundtracks]]

Sher Singh Wala

2026-01-12T05:50:28Z

Prakashmishra1991: Added Initial Bio Initial Version

{{Short description|Village in Punjab, India}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sher Singh Wala
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = pa
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Punjab
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|30.6659655714183|N|74.62909665034165|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type =
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 =
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Sarpanch
| governing_body = Gram panchayat
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_ha =
| area_rank =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_footnotes =
| population_total = 2016
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 151203
| area_code = +91-
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest cities
| blank1_info_sec1 = Sadiq
| blank1_name_sec2 =
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| blank2_name_sec2 =
| blank2_info_sec2 =
}}'''Sher SIngh Wala''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਸ਼ੇਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਵਾਲਾ) is a village located in [[Faridkot district]] of [[Punjab]] State.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sher Singh Wala · Punjab 151213, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Sher+Singh+Wala,+Punjab+151213/@30.6650663,74.6287644,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x39175fae06d949bd:0x9348adabc08fc426!8m2!3d30.6656114!4d74.6290636!16s/g/1vzv21wj?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDEwNy4wIKXMDSoKLDEwMDc5MjA2N0gBUAM= |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=Sher Singh Wala · Punjab 151213, India |language=en}}</ref> The village has a population of 2016 of which 1,042 are males while 974 are females as per the population census of 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sher Singhwala Village Population - Faridkot - Faridkot, Punjab |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/35490-sher-singhwala-punjab.html |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> The total geographical area of the village is about 18.87 km².<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sher Singh Wala {{!}} Grampanchayat {{!}} GeoIQ |url=https://geoiq.io/places/Sher-Singh-Wala/Grampanchayat |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=geoiq.io}}</ref>

== Education ==

* Government Primary School<ref>{{Cite web |title=GPS SHER SINGH WALA - Sher Singh Wala District Faridkot (Punjab) |url=https://schools.org.in/faridkot/03130111001/gps-sher-singh-wala.html |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=schools.org.in}}</ref>

== References ==

[[Category:Villages in Faridkot district]]
<references />

{{PunjabIN-geo-stub}}

Chouk railway station

2026-01-07T15:29:06Z

Prakashmishra1991: Creating A Page

{{Multiple issues|
{{lead too short|date=January 2026}}
{{one source|date=January 2026}}
}}
{{Short description|Railway Station in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Chouk
| native_name = चौक
| type =
| style =
| image = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|80px]]
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address =
| coordinates = {{coord|18.9027|73.2403|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| line = [[Panvel-Karjat Railway Corridor]]
| other =
| structure = On Ground
| platform = 2
| depth =
| levels = 1m
| tracks = 2
| parking =
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| status = Active
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = CHOK
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| zone = [[Central Railway zone]]
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services =
| route_map = {{MSR Panvel-Karjat Railway Corridor|inline=1}}
| map_state = collapsed
| map_type = Maharashtra
| map_dot_label = Chouk
}}

'''Chouk railway station''' is a station on the [[Panvel-Karjat Railway Corridor]] in [[Maharashtra]], India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Panvel–Karjat suburban corridor costing Rs 2,782 crore to be completed by March|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/panvel-karjat-suburban-corridor-10383815/|website=[[Indian Express]]|date=2025-11-24}}</ref> The preceding station on the line is [[Karjat railway station]] and the next station is [[Poyanje railway station]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Mumbai – Suburban Railway, Nerul-Uran/Panvel-Karjat}}
{{Maharashtra-railstation-stub}}

[[Category:Karjat-Panvel rail line]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Raigad district]]
[[Category:Mumbai Suburban Railway stations]]

Kadayanallur

2025-12-11T07:42:00Z

Prakashmishra1991: quick reworked references for accuracy also and added references

{{Original research|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kadayanallur
| other_name = Nickname: Jewel's city
| settlement_type = First Grade Municipality
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Kadayanallur, Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|9.077900|N|77.345200|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = Taluk
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tenkasi district|Tenkasi]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kadayanallur taluk|Kadayanallur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = First grade municipality
| governing_body = Kadayanallur Municipality
| demographics_type1 = Languages தமிழ், Tamil
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]],
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| elevation_m = 217
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 627751, 627759
| registration_plate = TN-76
| website = http://www.kdnl.org/
/
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| population_total = 90364 (2011)
}}

'''Kadayanallur''' is a [[Municipality]] in [[Tenkasi district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. Kadayanallur is approximately 16 km from the town of [[Tenkasi]], the district headquarters. With an area of 52 square kilometres<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-04 |title=About Us - Kadayanallur Municipality |url=https://www.tnurbantree.tn.gov.in/kadayanallur/about-us-2/ |archive-date= |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=Kadayanallur Municipality}}</ref> and a population of 90,364,<ref name="2011census" /> Kadayanallur is classified as a First Grade Municipality under Tamil Nadu's municipal code. Kadayanallur(KDNL) is the biggest as well as largest city in tenkasi district (TSI).

== Etymology ==
The name Kadayanallur comes from "Kadaikaaleeswara", the name of the presiding deity of Kadayaleeswarar kovil, a Hindu temple in Kadayanallur. Kadayanallur was ruled by Sungamuthu dynasty from 1723 AD to 1914 AD.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

== Location ==
The [[city]] is located on the foot of the [[Western Ghats]] in the east and slope from west to east it lies at {{Coord|9.08|N|77.35|E|}}. The Town is situated about 18 km on north of '''Courtallam'''. Surrounded by the Western Ghats, Kadayanallur has scenic surroundings with paddy fields and ponds.

==Geography==
Kadayanallur is at {{Coord|9.08|N|77.35|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/25/Kadaiyanallur.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Kadaiyanallur]</ref> The town is on the foot of the Western Ghat and has an average elevation of {{convert|191|m|ft|abbr=on}}.The town is surrounded by the western ghats in three sides and is situated on the way from [[Madurai]] to [[Kollam]] highway

The [[City]] is surrounded by paddy fields, coconut farms, and many ponds. A small river flows in the middle of the city. There are some rocky regions on the western end of the city called locally as 'parumbu'. Attakulam, Paloorani, Thamaraikulam, Annamalai peri and paatiyuthukulam and last and largest of those is Periyakulam are the ponds found in this city.

The [[City]] has an area of 52.25 sq.km. It is about 16 km to the north of Tenkasi and 47 km to the south of Rajapalayam. The N.H. 208 Quilon – Thirumangalam passes through this [[City]]. It in general has a dry climate except during the monsoon.

== Climate ==

Kadayanallur's climate is classified as tropical. The summers here have a good deal of rainfall, while the winters have very little. According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Aw. The average annual temperature is 27.3 °C in Kadayanallur. The average annual rainfall is 1206 mm. The South West Monsoon brings in the cold breeze with mild temperature. From October to December North East Monsoon sets over in Tamil Nadu and the climate is cold and the rains are very heavy sometimes.

 
{{Weather box/concise_C
| location=Kadayanallur, Tamil Nadu
| source=Climate-Data.org<ref name="Climate-Data.org">
"CLIMATE: KADAIYANALLUR, Tamil Nadu",
Climate-Data.org. Web: [http://en.climate-data.org/location/765848/].</ref>
| 29.7|31.2|32.9|33.3|33.5|32.0|31.0|31.3|31.6|30.7|29.3|29.1
| 21.3|21.9|23.4|24.7|25.2|24.6|24.1|24.1|23.8|23.4|22.6|21.6
| 41|36|63|100|81|116|113|61|68|219|212|96
}}

==Demographics==
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|43.98}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|50.41}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|5.48}}
{{bar percent|"Religion not stated"|grey|0.1}}
{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.01}}}}

According to the [[2011 census of India]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census tables {{!}} Government of India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104100800/https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables |archive-date=2023-11-04 |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=censusindia.gov.in |language=en}}</ref> Kadayanallur Municipality had a population of 90,364 with 45,449 males and 44,915 females.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table of Population by religious community, Tamil Nadu. 2011 Census. |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11392/download/14505/DDW33C-01%20MDDS.XLS |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104101254/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11392/download/14505/DDW33C-01%20MDDS.XLS |archive-date=2023-11-04 |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=Census Tables {{!}} Government of India |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |at=Row 1453, Kadayanallur (M). |language=en |type=Excel spreadsheet |format=XLS}}</ref> This yields a sex-ratio of 988 females for every 1,000 males.<ref>Derived from census data, where the ratio of male: female: = 45449 : 44915 = 1 : 0.988, multiplied by 1,000.</ref> This sex-ratio is higher than the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] (917), and the Indian average (907) as a whole.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Women & Men in India 2022 |url=https://mospi.gov.in/publication/women-men-india-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104105809/https://mospi.gov.in/publication/women-men-india-2022 |archive-date=2023-11-04 |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Table 1.6: Sex ratio at birth for bigger States based on Sample Registration System |url=https://mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/women-men22/PopulationStatistics22.xlsx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104110028/https://mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/women-men22/PopulationStatistics22.xlsx |archive-date=2023-11-04 |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation. |at=Sheet 1.6, rows 24, 26. |format=XLS}}</ref>


The population by religious community table indicates that Kadayanallur has 45,586 [[Hindus]], 39,235 [[Muslims]], 5437 [[Christians]], 13<ref>The exact counts of the other religions are: 4 Sikhs, 5 Buddhists, 3 Jains, and 1 person listed as 'other religions.'</ref> following other religions, and 93 persons with "religion not stated."<ref name=":0" /> This yields a percentage distribution of approximately 55.98% Hindus,<ref>Derived from census table totals. The population of Kadayanallur is 90,364 persons. 50,586 is approximately 55.98% out of 90,364.</ref> 43.41% Muslims,<ref>Derived from census table totals. The population of Kadayanallur is 90,364 persons. 39,235 is approximately 43.41% out of 90,364.</ref> 0.48% Christians,<ref>Derived from census table totals. The population of Kadayanallur is 90,364 persons. 437 is approximately 0.48% out of 90,364.</ref> 0.01% following other religions, and 0.1% with "religion not stated."

A total of 9,810 were under the age of six, constituting 4,889 males and 4,921 females.<ref name="2011census">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals – Kadaiyanallur|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=699405|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 13.64% and 0.42% of the population respectively. The average literacy was 71.8%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web |year=2013 |title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html |access-date=26 January 2014 |publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref>

The town had 21076 households. There were 34,039 workers, comprising 927 cultivators, 6,839 main agricultural labourers, 3,176 in household industries, 20,095 other workers, 3,002 marginal workers, 34 marginal cultivators, 390 marginal agricultural labourers, 569 marginal workers in household industries, and 2,009 other marginal workers.

==Government and politics==
===Amenities===

The [[Indian Postal Service]] Pincode is 627751 (Bazaar), 627759 (Krishnapuram). The Telecom Code ([[BSNL]]) is 04633.

==Economy==
Make the textile industry of the last generation of people and send it to neighboring countries,
It is famous for ''saaral'' (drizzling), which occurs from May to August. It is known for its vast [[Paddy field|paddy]] and [[coconut]] fields.

Most of the last generation of residents were farmers and weavers; however, many are now employed around India and in countries such as the [[Middle East]], [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]].

Most recently Kadayanallur got people attraction for the gold business. You can find full street with jewel shops with affordable prices.

People regularly visit around the town such as Dam, Water Falls and Agricultural area.

==Cityscape==
===Tourism===
The main tourist attractions of the city are the Karuppanadhi dam, the Kallaru river, Periyaru river, Periya Pallivasal, Pettai Pallivasal, Arulmigu Abhayagastha Anjaneyar Temple, Kookaruvi falls at the top of hills, Kannimariyamman Temple Krishnan Kovil, and the Bathrakaliamman Kovil.

== Transport ==
===By Rail ===
Kadayanallur Railway station is situated in Kadayanallur, Tamil Nadu. Station code of Kadayanallur is KDNL. Here are some trains that are passing through Kadayanallur railway station like Ms-sct Pothigai Exp, Pothigai Exp, Ms-sct Silambu Bi-wkly, Sct-ms Silambu Bi-wkly, Tbm-sct Special Fare, Sct-mdu Pass., Mdu-sct Pass., and many more.

===By Bus===
SETC Bus Service is available from the Kadayanallur New Bus Stand to all major locations in Tamil Nadu. All Major Private Omni Bus have daily services connecting Kadayanallur and Chennai, Bangalore.

===By Air===
The nearest airports are as follows:-

# [[Tuticorin Airport]] (101 km or 66 miles)
# [[Trivandrum International Airport]] (123 km or 76 miles)
# [[Madurai Airport]] (141 km or 87 miles)
# [[Cochin International Airport]] (258 Km)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.tnurbantree.tn.gov.in/kadayanallur/ Official Website of Municipal Government (English)]
{{Tenkasi district}}

{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Tirunelveli district]]

Karma Yonzon

2025-10-27T14:53:06Z

Prakashmishra1991:

{{short description|Nepali musician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=September 2017}}
{{notability|Biographies|date=September 2017}}
}}{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Karma Yonzon
| birth_place = Darjeeling, India
| origin =
| occupation = {{hlist|Composer|Musician}}
| years_active =
| genre = {{hlist|Nepali music}}
}}
'''Karma Yonzon''' is a composer of [[Nepali music]] based in [[Kathmandu]], Nepal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nepalnews.com/main/index.php/news-archive/8-news-in-brief/3728-karma-yonzon-to-open-6th-year-of-paleti.html|title=Karma Yonzon to open 6th year of Paleti|date=25 January 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He is the brother of musician [[Gopal Yonzon]].

He has composed music for numerous singers like [[Narayan Gopal]], [[Aruna Lama]], Dilmaya Khati, Kumar Subba, Daisy Baraily and Pema Lama. He scored the music for the well-known Nepali play ''Ani Deurali Runcha'', written by Man Bahadur Mukhia with songs like ''Sarangi Ko Taar Le Mero'', ''Hey Phool Chudera Laney Ho'' and ''Deurali Ko Thiti Ho''.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yonzon, Karma}}
[[Category:Indian musicians]]
[[Category:Musicians from Darjeeling]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Gorkhas]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Tamang people]]
[[Category:Musicians from West Bengal]]

Pratap Singh of Jaipur

2025-10-11T14:30:37Z

Prakashmishra1991:

{{Short description|Maharaja of Jaipur from 1778–1803}}
{{Other people|Pratap Singh|Pratap Singh (disambiguation){{!}}Pratap Singh}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{infobox royalty
| name = Sawai Pratap Singh
| title = [[Maharaja]] [[Sawai (title)|Sawai]] of [[Jaipur State|Amber]]
| image = Maharaja_Pratap_Singh_(Reigned_1778-1803)_LACMA_M.81.272.4_(1_of_2).jpg
| caption =
| succession = 5th [[Raja]] of [[Kingdom of Jaipur|Jaipur]]
| reign = 13 April 1778 – 1 August 1803
| predecessor = [[Prithvi Singh II]]
| successor = [[Jagat Singh of Amber|Jagat Singh II]]
| birth_date = 2 December 1764
| birth_place = [[Jaipur]], [[Jaipur Kingdom]], [[Maratha Empire]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1803|8|1|1764|12|1|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Jaipur]], [[Jaipur Kingdom]], [[Maratha Empire]]
| spouse = Rathorji Gulab Kanwarji from [[Ratlam]]

Jadonji Indra Kanwarji of [[Karauli]]

Sisodiniji Chatra Kanwarji of [[Bagore]] in [[Mewar]]

Tanwarji Nawal Kanwarji of [[Patan, Rajasthan|Patan]] in [[Jaipur]]

Bhatiyaniji Fateh Kanwarji of [[Jaisalmer]]

Chandrawatji of Sheopur in [[Jaipur]]

Chandrawatji of Sankotra in [[Jaipur]]

Gaurji Lal Kanwarji of [[Sheopur]] in [[Malwa]]

Jhaliji Taj Kanwarji of [[Kingdom of Jhalavad|Dhrangadhra]] in [[Gujarat]]

Hadiji Vichitra Kanwarji of [[Bundi]]

Khichanji Mohan Kanwarji of [[Raghogarh-Vijaypur]] in [[Malwa]]

Rathorji Abhai Kanwarji of [[Jodhpur]]-[[Marwar]]
| issue = [[Jagat Singh of Amber|Jagat Singh]] 
Chand Kanwarji (died young)

Anand Kanwarji m.to Maharaja [[Bhim Singh of Marwar]]

Suraj Kanwarji m.to Maharaja [[Man Singh of Marwar]]
| house = [[Kachwaha]]
| father = [[Madho Singh I]]
| mother = Chundawatji Kundan Kanwarji d.of Rawat Jaswant Singh of [[Deogarh, Rajasthan|Devgarh]] in [[Mewar]]
}}

'''Sawai Pratap Singh''' (2 December 1764 – 1 August 1803) was the [[Kachwaha|Kachwaha Rajput]] ruler of the [[Jaipur State|Kingdom of Jaipur]]. He was brought on the throne by his mother Maji Chundawatji after the suspicious death of his elder full brother Sawai [[Prithvi Singh II]] in 1778. He is known for constructing the magnificent [[Hawa Mahal]] in Jaipur in the year 1799.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pratap of Jaipur|url=https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/work/53403/}}</ref>

==Biography==
Sawai Pratap Singh was born as a younger son of [[Madho Singh I|Sawai Madho Singh I]] on 2 December 1764. Pratap Singh became the Maharaja at the age of 14 after the death of his elder full brother [[Prithviraj Singh II|Sawai Prithvi Singh II]]. He ruled from the year 1778 to 1803. His 25-year rule witnessed many spectacular achievements and strategic failures. Being constantly goaded by the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] and the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]], he had to face repeated threats and a heavy drainage of funds by the former. He also made his raj guru Pandit Shiv Narayan Misr the king of Jaipur for 3 days, when he was busy performing religious rituals. Due to court politics, Pandit Shiv Narayan Mishr was later forced to commit suicide.

The fountains behind the Govind Dev temple are credited to him, his poetic talent and patronage of arts and crafts. During his time, the art of paintings reached its peak. By the time of his ascension to the throne, the Mughal Empire was almost in shambles and the artists were fleeing the once imperial capital of Empire i.e [[New Delhi|Delhi]]. Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh gave them patronage and they came and settled in Jaipur. It was these artists who brought recognition to the Jaipur school of painting.

[[File:Jaipur-Hawa Mahal-Panoramic view-20131017.jpg |thumb|upright=0.85|The Hawa Mahal was constructed by Pratap Singh.]]

The finest example of his connoisseurship is the unique architectural marvel [[Hawa Mahal]] (the palace of the Winds) and few rooms of the [[City Palace, Jaipur|City Palace]], which he got constructed. A large number of scholarly works were produced during his time. He himself was a good poet and wrote poems in [[Braj Bhasha]] and [[Dhundari language]] under the pen name of Brijnidhi.

==See also==
*[[House of Kachwaha]]
*[[Hawa Mahal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Maharajas of Jaipur}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaipur, Pratapsingh Of}}
[[Category:Maharajas of Jaipur|Pratap]]
[[Category:1764 births]]
[[Category:1803 deaths]]

{{India-royal-stub}}

Deshabhimani

2025-10-05T06:20:50Z

Prakashmishra1991: page updated

{{short description|Indian newspaper}}
{{For|the defunct Tamil newspaper|Deshabhimani (Sri Lanka)}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Deshabhimani
| logo = Deshabhimani-logo.png
| logo_size = 150px
| image = DeshabhimaniCover.jpg
| image_size = 240px
| caption =
| type = Daily [[newspaper]]
| format =
| founded = 1942
| ceased_publication =
| price =
| owners = Kerala State Committee of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| publisher =
| chief_editor = Puthalath Dinesan
| general_manager = K. J. Thomas
| associate_editor =
| staff_writers =
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| political_position = [[Left-wing politics|Left]]
| circulation = 622,276<ref name=ABCIND>{{cite web|url=http://www.auditbureau.org/files/JJ%202022%20Highest%20Circulated%20(across%20languages).pdf |title=Highest Circulated Daily Newspapers (language wise)|publisher=[[Audit Bureau of Circulations (India)|Audit Bureau of Circulations]]|access-date=21 May 2020}}</ref>
| circulation_date = 2022
| headquarters = [[Trivandrum]], [[Kerala]]
| oclc =
| ISSN =
| website = {{url|http://www.deshabhimani.com/}}
| free = {{url|http://www.deshabhimani.com/epaper/}}
}}
'''''Deshabhimani''''' is a [[Malayalam]] [[newspaper]] and the organ of the Kerala State Committee of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]. It started as a weekly in [[Kozhikode]] on 6 September 1942 and converted to a daily in 1946.<ref>{{cite news|author=P. Karunakaran|title=Struggle, Survival And Surging Ahead|url=http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2002/sept08/09082002_deshabhimani.htm|access-date=30 July 2015|work=People's Democracy|issue=35|date=8 September 2002|archive-date=22 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222140001/http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2002/sept08/09082002_deshabhimani.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> The paper is now published from ten different centres: [[Kozhikode]], [[Kochi]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kannur]], [[Kottayam]], [[Thrissur]], [[Palakkad]], [[Alappuzha]], [[Kollam]] and [[Malappuram]]. At present, Puthalath Dinesan, Central Committee and State Secretariat Member of the CPI(M), is the Chief Editor of the paper, K.J. Thomas, CPI(M), secretariat member of the CPI(M), the General Manager and ex-MLA [[M. Swaraj]] the Resident Editor.

''Deshabhimani'' is the [[List of newspapers in India by circulation|third-largest Malayalam language newspaper by circulation]].<ref name=ABCIND/> As of [[Indian Readership Survey]] of 2019, it was also in the [[List of newspapers in India by readership|third position in terms of readership]] in Kerala, after ''[[Malayala Manorama]]'' and ''[[Mathrubhumi]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/27032_IRS-2010-Q1:-Dailies-in-Kerala-lose-readers-after-gaining-in-the-last-round|title=IRS 2010 Q1: Dailies in Kerala lose readers after gaining in the last round|author=Sangeeta Tanwar|work=Indian Readership Survey|publisher=afaqs.com|location=[[New Delhi, India]]|date=10 May 2010|access-date=28 December 2014|archive-date=10 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710130841/http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/27032_IRS-2010-Q1:-Dailies-in-Kerala-lose-readers-after-gaining-in-the-last-round|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The news website is published under a public open license [[CC-BY 4.0]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/termsofuse|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602201832/https://www.deshabhimani.com/termsofuse|archivedate=2 June 2021|accessdate=2 June 2021|title=Terms of Use}}</ref>

==History==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2021}}
''Deshabhimani'' has a predecessor, ''[[Prabhatham]]'' (which means 'Dawn'). It was started in 1935 and was the manifesto of the socialist group in the [[Indian National Congress]]. It was in 1942, through the efforts of eminent leaders like [[A. K. Gopalan]] and [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] (who in fact donated all of his ancestral property for raising funds for the paper) Deshabhimani started and became the voice of the [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] and later became the voice of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]], after [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India|the split from CPI in 1964]]. Various personalities like [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]], [[V. T. Induchoodan]], [[K. P. R. Gopalan]], [[E. K. Nayanar]] and [[V. S. Achuthanandan]], have served as the chief editor of ''Deshabhimani''.
Many notable journalists of South India work with ''Deshabhimani''. Journalists who have worked with ''Deshabhimani'' include P Govinda Pillai, [[Ezhacherry Ramachandran]], [[Prabha Varma]], K. Mohanan, C.M. Abdul Rehman, Narikutti Mohanan, P.M. Manoj and B. Aburaj.

==Supplements==
* Deshabhimani Varanthappathippu
* Aksharamuttam
* Sthree
* Kilivaathil
* Thozhil

==Publications==
* Deshabhimani Varika (Weekly)
* Thathamma (Children's Publication)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.deshabhimani.com/ ''Deshabhimani'' online edition]

{{Newspapers in India}}
{{Malayalam journalism}}
{{CPI(M) publications}}

[[Category:1942 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Communist newspapers]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
[[Category:Communist periodicals published in India]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language newspapers]]
[[Category:Newspapers established in 1942]]
[[Category:Weekly newspapers published in India]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Kerala]]

Koshy's

2025-09-30T22:30:17Z

Prakashmishra1991: added a entry

{{Short description|Restaurant in Bangalore, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox restaurant
|image = Koshys.jpg
|image_caption = Taken in 2012 - Koshy's Cafe - Bangalore, India - taken from St. Mark's Road
|city=[[Bangalore]]
|state=[[Karnataka]]
|county=
|country=[[India]]
|coordinates={{coord|12.976833604849636|N|77.60158093068758|E|display=inline,title}}
|street_address=39, St. Mark's Road, Shanthala Nagar, Ashok Nagar
|postcode=560001
|pushpin_map=India Karnataka#India3
|map_caption=Location in Karnataka, India
|name=Koshy’s Parade Café
|established=1940
}}

'''Koshy's Parade Café''', popularly known as Koshy's, is a family-owned restaurant in [[Bangalore]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-27 |title=Visiting Bengaluru? 7 Oldest Cafes To Visit In The City |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/lifestyle/food/news/visiting-bengaluru-7-oldest-cafes-to-visit-in-the-city-article-108047800 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Varma |first=Nikhil |date=2017-03-23 |title=A Koshy's state of mind |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/a-koshys-state-of-mind/article17606885.ece |access-date=2024-08-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Sondhi |first=Aditya |date=2020-12-12 |title=What is it about Bengaluru's iconic Koshy's that keeps drawing patrons back? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/what-is-it-about-bengalurus-iconic-koshys-that-keeps-drawing-patrons-back/article33305731.ece |access-date=2024-08-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

[[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] and [[Nikita Khrushchev|Nikita Khruschev]] are among those who have dined at Koshy's.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-02 |title=Koshy's: Why a colonial-era space draws modern-day Bangalore diners in scores |url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/dining/food/koshys-in-bangalore-all-about-the-colonial-era-eatery/ |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Lifestyle Asia India |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravi |first=Anusha |date=2018-04-09 |title=Rahul Gandhi in Bengaluru: Metro ride and Koshy's lunch |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2018/Apr/09/rahul-gandhi-in-bengaluru-metro-ride-and-koshys-lunch-1798937.html |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

==History==
Koshy’s started off as a bakery in 1940, set up by P.O. Koshy, a Syrian Christian from [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest in entertainment, lifestyle, fashion {{!}} t2ONLINE - Vibe With The tRIBE |url=https://www.t2online.in/ |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=www.t2online.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sudevan |first=Praveen |date=2021-09-24 |title=How Bengaluru's iconic restaurants have stood the test of time and survived a pandemic |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/mtr-koshys-vidyarthi-bhavan-lakeview-bangalore/article36645398.ece |access-date=2024-08-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In 1952, the restaurant was built next to the bakery'''.'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Venugopal |first=Nikhita |date=2020-07-22 |title=Iconic Bengaluru eatery Koshy's closes temporarily amidst pandemic |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/karnataka/iconic-bengaluru-eatery-koshy-s-closes-temporarily-amidst-pandemic-129197 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=This Iconic Bengaluru Restaurant Is Over 70 Years Old |url=https://www.slurrp.com/article/this-iconic-bengaluru-restaurant-is-over-70-years-old-1652620297528 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Slurrp |language=en}}</ref> After the death of P.O. Koshy, his sons took over the establishment. Since the 1990s, third generation Koshys, Prem and Santosh, have managed the eatery.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Ranganna |first=Akhila |date=2017-08-25 |title=The owner of Bengaluru's iconic restaurant Prem Koshy explains why his food is literally to die for |url=https://scroll.in/magazine/843499/the-owner-of-bengalurus-iconic-restaurant-prem-koshy-explains-why-his-food-is-literally-to-die-for |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Guha |first=Ramachandra |date=2020-10-11 |title=Ramachandra Guha: At Koshy's Parade Café, memories of lime juice – and an owl on a moonlit night |url=https://scroll.in/article/975462/ramachandra-guha-at-koshys-parade-cafe-memories-of-lime-juice-and-an-owl-on-a-moonlit-night |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>

The colonial-era restaurant has maintained its old-world decor which is a draw for its clientele.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunil |first=Samyukhtha |date=2022-04-08 |title=The 70-Year-Old Allure Of Bengaluru's Iconic Koshy's Restaurant |url=https://homegrown.co.in/homegrown-explore/the-70-year-old-allure-of-bengalurus-iconic-koshys-restaurant |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Homegrown |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A Bangalore break |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/a-bangalore-break/cid/1538022 |website=Telegraph India}}</ref> The interior consists of wooden chairs, tables, creaky fans, antique mirrors and shuttered windows.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Sivakumar, DHNS |first=Anushka |title=Where time has stood still |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/where-time-has-stood-still-2107267 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |first3= |title=Bengaluru's iconic Koshy's eatery shuts amid Covid-19 blues |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/bengalurus-iconic-koshys-eatery-shuts-amid-covid-19-blues/articleshow/77149875.cms |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref>

Koshy's regulars include journalists, writers, literati and intellectuals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Boshika |date=2016-04-14 |title=10 Legendary Eating Places in Bengaluru You Can Never Get Enough Of |url=https://thebetterindia.com/52076/restaurants-in-bengaluru/ |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

[[Gundu Rao]], erstwhile [[Chief Minister]] of Karnataka, once described Koshy's to Prem Koshy as follows.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ganapathy |first=Anurag Mallick, Priya |date=2021-12-28 |title=Timeless Tables: For old and new Bangaloreans, Koshy's is an emotion |url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/timeless-tables-for-old-and-new-bangaloreans-koshys-is-an-emotion-parade-cafe/ |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Condé Nast Traveller India |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |first3= |title=Five generations of food |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/you/vivek-madan-arundhati-jagdish-raja-prem-koshy-koshy-kerala-pork-kozhi-curry-kerala-fried-fish-kerala-fried-chicken/articleshow/31226319.cms |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|text=“I have met your grandfather and father and seen you as a kid. I have travelled across the globe looking for peace and quiet and this is the only place I find it.”}}

[[Ramachandra Guha]] — historian, environmentalist, writer and public intellectual — has described Koshy's as follows.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":1" />

{{Blockquote|text="As one grows older one has fewer wishes and hopes for oneself. One of mine is this; that I may die before my favourite café does. I can probably (just about) live without music, cricket, and even books, but life without Parade’s is impossible to contemplate."}}

==Food==

Koshy’s menu has about thousand dishes.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" /> They include roast chicken, Kerala pork, fish biryani, cutlets, chicken puffs, steak, apam and stew, and potato smileys (french fries shaped like smiling faces).<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharya |first=Kaustav |date=2022-11-12 |title=KOSHY'S PARADE, THE MYSTIC CAFÉ OF BENGALURU |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/culture/koshys-parade-mystic-cafe-bengaluru |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=The Sunday Guardian Live |language=en-US}}</ref> Koshy's also serves filter coffee and Danish pastries.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Parameswarappa |first=Vinay |date=2023-12-28 |title=Bengaluru see and do: If you love filter coffee |url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/bengaluru-see-and-do-if-you-love-filter-coffee/ |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Condé Nast Traveller India |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Restaurants in Bengaluru]]

College Romance

2025-09-18T03:16:18Z

Prakashmishra1991:

{{short description|Indian web series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] [[Comedy]]
| creator =
| developer =
| writer = {{Plainlist|
* Kunal Aneja
* Abhishek Srivastava
* Akash Ahuja
* Sidhant Mago
* Manan Madaan
* Pankaj Mavchi
* Ashutosh Chaturvedi
}}
| story =
| director = {{Plainlist|
* Simarpreet Singh
* Apoorv Singh Karki
* Parijat Josh
}}
| creative_director =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* Keshav Sadhna
* [[Apoorva Arora]]
* [[Manjot Singh]]
* [[Gagan Arora]]
* Shreya Mehta
}}
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 4
| num_episodes = 20
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = Arun Kumar Vijay Koshy Shreyansh Pandey
| producer = [[Arunabh Kumar]]
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera =
| runtime =
| company = The Viral Fever Media Labs
| network = {{Plainlist|
* TVFPlay, YouTube (season 1)
* [[SonyLIV]] (seasons 2-4)
}}
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|8|7}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2023|07|14}}
}}

'''College Romance''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language web series created by [[The Viral Fever]] and developed by [[Arunabh Kumar]]. It stars Keshav Sadhna, [[Apoorva Arora]], [[Manjot Singh]], [[Gagan Arora]] and Shreya Mehta. It follows three best friends Karan, Naira, and Trippy's look for love, laughs, and some lifelong memories while attending college together.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tvfplay.com/category/12/series/324 |title=College Romance - The Timeliners |publisher=[[The Viral Fever]] |access-date=4 December 2018 |archive-date=4 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204151612/https://tvfplay.com/category/12/series/324 |url-status=live }}</ref>

College Romance Season 1 directed by Simarpreet Singh, premiered simultaneously on the company's media streaming platform TVF Play and in YouTube, on 7 August 2018 and it received a positive response from the audience.<ref>{{Citation |title=College Romance Season 1 Review: A relatable college drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/college-romance/season-1/seasonreview/80496119.cms |access-date=15 October 2021|work=The Times Of India}}</ref> Following the success of the first season, the makers renewed for a second season directed by Apoorv Singh Karki, that aired through [[Sony LIV]] on 29 January 2021.

The third season directed by Parijat Joshi released on Sony LIV on 16 September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title='College Romance' is back with season 3, premieres on September 16 on Sony LIV|url=https://theprint.in/features/college-romance-is-back-with-season-3-premieres-on-september-16/1119948/%3famp|work=The Print|access-date=7 September 2022}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
The 4th and final season of the series released on 14 July 2023 <ref>{{Cite web|title=College Romance season 4 on OTT: Release date, trailer, cast, plot, makers and everything else you need to know|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/college-romance-season-4-on-ott-release-date-trailer-cast-plot-makers-and-everything-else-you-need-to-know/2c9d66bc88300|work=OTT Play|access-date=14 July 2023}}</ref>

==Cast==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:auto"
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Character
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Portrayed by
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Description
! scope="col" colspan="4" | Appearances
|-
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Season 1
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Season 2
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Season 3
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Season 4
|-
|Karan
|Keshav Sadhna
|Deepika's ex-boyfriend, Naira and Trippy's best friend, Dhatrapriya's boyfriend
|colspan="4" {{CMain|Main}}
|-
|Naira
|[[Apoorva Arora]]
|Bagga's girlfriend, Karan, and Trippy's best friend
|colspan="4" {{CMain|Main}}
|-
|Trippy
|[[Manjot Singh]]
|Raveena's ex-boyfriend, Karan, and Naira's best friend
|colspan="2" {{CMain|Main}}
|{{CNone}}
|{{CGuest|Guest}}
|-
|Bagga
|[[Gagan Arora]]
|Naira's boyfriend
|colspan="4" {{CMain|Main}}
|-
|Deepika
|Shreya Mehta
|Karan's ex-girlfriend
|colspan="4" {{CMain|Main}}
|-
|Raveena Patel
|Hira Ashar
|Trippy's ex-girlfriend
|{{CMain|Main}}
|colspan="3" {{CNone}}
|-
|Dhatrapriya
|Nupur Nagpal
|Karan's girlfriend
|{{CNone}}
|{{CRecurring|Recurring}}
|colspan="2" {{CMain|Main}}
|-
|Harry
|Eklavey Kashyap
|Karan and Bagga's roommate
|colspan="2" {{CNone}}
|colspan="2" {{CMain|Main}}
|-
|Rawi
|Jahnvi Rawat
|Bagga's sister
|colspan="2" {{CNone}}
|colspan="2" {{CMain|Main}}
|-
|Anshuman
|Ambrish Verma
|Raveena's ex-boyfriend
|{{CRecurring|Recurring}}
|colspan="3" {{CNone}}
|-
|Naina
|Geetika Budhiraja
|{{N/A}}
|colspan="2" {{CRecurring|Recurring}}
|colspan="2" {{CNone}}
|-
|Birju
|Ankit Motghare
|{{N/A}}
|{{CRecurring|Recurring}}
|colspan="3" {{CNone}}
|-
|{{N/A}}
|Sahil Verma
|Bagga's friend
|{{CRecurring|Recurring}}
|{{CRecurring|Recurring}}
|{{CNone}}
|{{CRecurring|Recurring}}
|-
|Anika
|Shreya Singh
|{{N/A}}
|{{CRecurring|Recurring}}
|colspan="3" {{CNone}}
|-
|Munjal Sir
|Shiva Kumar
|Karan, Naira, and Trippy's teacher
|colspan="2" {{CRecurring|Recurring}}
|{{CNone}}
|{{CRecurring|Recurring}}
|-
|Karishma
|[[Samriddhi Mehra]]
|{{N/A}}
|{{CNone}}
|{{CRecurring|Recurring}}
|colspan="2" {{CNone}}
|-
|Raveena Mishra
|[[Surabhi Mehra]]
|Trippy's second girlfriend
|{{CNone}}
|{{CRecurring|Recurring}}
|{{CNone}}
|{{CGuest|Guest}}
|-
|Bhati
|Ankur Pathak
|Bagga's enemy turned accomplice
|{{CNone}}
|colspan="2" {{CRecurring|Recurring}}
|{{CGuest|Guest}}
|-
|Kabir
|Darius Chinoy
|College Guidance Counsellor
|{{CNone}}
|{{CRecurring|Recurring}}
|colspan="2" {{CNone}}
|-
|Pauranik Katha
|Shivankit Singh Parihar
|{{N/A}}
|{{CNone}}
|{{CRecurring|Recurring}}
|colspan="2" {{CNone}}
|-
|Hippy
|Aishwarya Chaudhary
|{{N/A}}
|{{CNone}}
|{{CRecurring|Recurring}}
|colspan="2" {{CNone}}
|-
|Manager
|Lucky Gupta
|Bagga's friend
|{{CNone}}
|{{CRecurring|Recurring}}
|colspan="2" {{CNone}}
|}

==Series overview==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="padding: 0 8px" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Season
! style="padding: 0 8px" rowspan="2" | No. of episodes
! colspan="2" | Originally broadcast (India)
|-
! style="padding: 0 8px" | First aired
! style="padding: 0 8px" | Last aired
|-
|style="background:#FF0000"|
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| 5
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2018|8|7}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2018|9|7}}
|-
|style="background:#00FF00"|
|align="center"| 2
|align="center"| 5
| colspan="2" align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2021|1|29}}
|-
|style="background:#00FF00"|
|align="center"| 3
|align="center"| 5
| colspan="2" align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2022|9|16}}
|-
| style="background:#00FF00"|
|4
|5
| colspan="2" align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2023|7|14}}
|}

==Accolades==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Award
!scope="col"| Category
!scope="col"| Recipient
!scope="col"| Result
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbreviation|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|2021
|[[2021 Filmfare OTT Awards|Filmfare OTT Awards]]
|Best Comedy Series
|[[Arunabh Kumar]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2021/winners|title=Filmfare OTT Awards 2021 - Winners|date=9 December 2021|access-date=10 December 2021|website=FilmFare|language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|8809646}}
* [https://www.airtelxstream.in/tv-shows/college-romance-hindi/SONYLIV_VOD_TVSHOW_1700000667 College Romance] at [https://www.airtelxstream.in Airtel Xstream Play]

[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]
[[Category:2018 web series debuts]]
[[Category:2022 web series endings]]

West Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2010–11

2025-08-18T17:55:26Z

Prakashmishra1991: Stub.

{{Short description|International cricket tour}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket tour
| series_name = West Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2010–11
| team1_image = Flag of Sri Lanka.svg
| team1_name = Sri Lanka
| team2_image = WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg
| team2_name = West Indies
| from_date = 10 November 2010
| to_date = 21 December 2010
| team1_captain = [[Darren Sammy]]
| team2_captain = [[Kumar Sangakkara]]
| no_of_tests = 3
| team2_tests_won = 0
| team1_tests_won = 0
| team2_tests_most_runs = [[Chris Gayle]] (366)
| team1_tests_most_runs = [[Kumar Sangakkara]] (228)
| team2_tests_most_wickets = [[Kemar Roach]] (10)
| team1_tests_most_wickets = [[Ajantha Mendis]] (11)
| player_of_test_series = [[Kemar Roach]] (WI)
| no_of_ODIs = 3
| team1_ODIs_won = 2
| team2_ODIs_won = 0
| team2_ODIs_most_runs = [[Ramnaresh Sarwan]] (147)
| team1_ODIs_most_runs = [[Upul Tharanga]] (140)
| team2_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Sulieman Benn]] (4)
| team1_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Lasith Malinga]] (6)
| player_of_ODI_series = [[Upul Tharanga]] (SL)
}}

The [[West Indies]] cricket team is touring [[Sri Lanka]] from 10 November to 21 December 2010. The tour consists of one three [[One Day Internationals]] (ODIs) and three [[Test cricket|Tests]]. A three-day tour match between West Indies and Sri Lanka Cricket president's XI was also played at the [[Sinhalese Sports Club Ground]] from 10 to 12 November.

When the 3rd match of the Test series was played at Pallekele in [[Kandy]], [[Pallekele International Cricket Stadium]] became the [[List of Test cricket grounds|104th Test]] venue in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/content/story/489804.html|title=Pallekele awaits its Test debut|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=30 November 2010|access-date=2010-12-05|author=Siddhartha Talya}}</ref> The stadium is also Sri Lanka's eight.

A five-match ODI series and a single Twenty20 match were originally scheduled to be played from 9–19 and 21 December respectively. Due to bad weather, the ODI series was changed to three matches in late January 2011 and the Twenty20 match cancelled.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/content/story/491039.html |title=ODI series postponed due to bad weather |date=9 December 2010 |publisher=ESPN |work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2010-12-10 }}</ref>

[[British Eurosport]] bagged the rights to show the matches in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/content/story/486409.html|title=Eurosport bag Sri Lanka-West Indies rights|author=ESPNcricinfo staff|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=10 November 2010|access-date=19 November 2010}}</ref>

==Squads==
<div style="text-align: center;">
{| name="squads" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; border-collapse:collapse;width:80%;margin:auto;"
|-
! style="background:#FFD8C1; border: 1px solid #000000;" colspan=2|Test squads
! style="background:#FFD8C1; border: 1px solid #000000;" colspan=2|ODI squads
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! style="border: 1px solid #000000;" width=16%|'''{{cr|SRI}}'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/content/squad/486337.html |title=Sri Lanka v West Indies |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114131114/http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/content/squad/486337.html |archive-date=14 November 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
! style="border: 1px solid #000000;" width=16%|'''{{cr|WIN}}'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/content/squad/482273.html|title = West Indies Test Squad – West Indies Squad – West Indies in Sri Lanka Test Series, 2010 Squad|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
! style="border: 1px solid #000000;" width=16%|'''{{cr|SRI}}'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricket365.com/news/story/6552572/Murali-rested-for-first-two-one-dayers|title=Murali rested for first two one-dayers|website=Cricket365.com|date=4 December 2010|access-date=2010-12-04|archive-date=8 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708204434/http://www.cricket365.com/news/story/6552572/Murali-rested-for-first-two-one-dayers|url-status=dead}}</ref>
! style="border: 1px solid #000000;" width=16%|'''{{cr|WIN}}'''
|-
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Kumar Sangakkara]] (c)
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Darren Sammy]] (c)
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Kumar Sangakkara (c)
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Darren Sammy (c)
|-
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Mahela Jayawardene]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Adrian Barath]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Mahela Jayawardene
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Adrian Barath
|-
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Tillakaratne Dilshan]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Sulieman Benn]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Tillakaratne Dilshan
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Carlton Baugh (wk)
|-
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Tharanga Paranavitana]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Darren Bravo]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Upul Tharanga]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Sulieman Benn
|-
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Thilan Samaraweera]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Chris Gayle]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Thilan Samaraweera
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Dwayne Bravo
|-
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Angelo Mathews]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Kemar Roach]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Angelo Mathews
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Darren Bravo
|-
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Prasanna Jayawardene]] (wk)
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Shane Shillingford]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Chamara Kapugedera]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Shivnarine Chanderpaul
|-
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Thilina Kandamby]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Devon Thomas]] (wk)
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Suraj Randiv
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Kirk Edwards]]
|-
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Ajantha Mendis]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Brendan Nash]] (vc)
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Ajantha Mendis
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Chris Gayle
|-
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Suraj Randiv]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Carlton Baugh]] (wk)
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Lasith Malinga]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Nikita Miller]]
|-
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Rangana Herath]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Dwayne Bravo]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Rangana Herath
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Kieron Pollard]]
|-
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Kaushal Silva]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Shivnarine Chanderpaul]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Nuwan Kulasekara]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Ravi Rampaul]]
|-
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Dammika Prasad]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Devon Smith]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Thisara Perera]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Kemar Roach
|-
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Thilan Thushara]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Nelon Pascal]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Dilhara Fernando]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Andre Russell
|-
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Suranga Lakmal]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Andre Russell]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Chamara Silva]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |Devon Smith
|-
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |[[Jeevan Mendis]]
| style="border: 1px solid #000000;" |
|}
</div>

‡ Sri Lanka named a 16-man squad for the first two one-day internationals on 4 December 2010.

==First-class matches==

===Tour match – Sri Lanka Cricket president's XI v West Indians===
{{Test match
|date = 10–12 November 2010
|team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN|name=West Indians}}
|team2 = {{cr|SRI|name=Sri Lanka Board president's XI}}
| score-team1-inns1 = 176 (55.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Brendan Nash]] 62 (107)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Chanaka Welegedara]] 3/37 (13 overs)
| score-team2-inns1 = 59/3 (13 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Lahiru Thirimanne]] 30 (40)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Darren Sammy]] 1/0 (1 over)
| score-team1-inns2 =
| runs-team1-inns2 =
| wickets-team1-inns2 =
| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =
| result = Match drawn
| venue = [[Sinhalese Sports Club Ground]], [[Colombo]]
| umpires = [[Rohitha Kottahachchi]] (Sri) and [[Prageeth Rambukwella]] (Sri)
| motm =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/engine/match/464986.html Scorecard]
| toss = West Indians, who chose to bat
| rain = Days 2 and 3 saw no play.
}}

==Test Series==
[[Alan Hurst (cricketer)|Alan G. Hurst]] of Australia served as the match referee for the Test series.

===1st Test===
{{Test match
| date = 15–19 November
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| team2 = {{cr|SRI}}
| score-team1-inns1 = 580/9[[Declaration and forfeiture|d]] (163.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Chris Gayle]] 333 (437)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Ajantha Mendis]] 6/169 (59 overs)
| score-team2-inns1 = 378 (95.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Kumar Sangakkara]] 73 (102)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Shane Shillingford]] 4/123 (33.2 overs)
| score-team1-inns2 =
| runs-team1-inns2 =
| wickets-team1-inns2 =
| score-team2-inns2 = 241/4 ([[Follow-on|f/o]]) (81.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Tharanga Paranavitana]] 95 (219)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Kemar Roach]] 2/55 (17 overs)
| result = Match drawn
| venue = [[Galle International Stadium]], [[Galle]]
| umpires = [[Steve Davis (umpire)|Steve Davis]] (Aus) & [[Richard Kettleborough]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Chris Gayle]] (WI)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/engine/current/match/464987.html Scorecard]
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain = [[Chris Gayle]] scored his highest total in Test Match cricket with 333.<ref name="BBC Sport">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/9193836.stm |title=West Indies' Chris Gayle hits 333 against Sri Lanka |access-date=2010-11-16|publisher=BBC Sport |date=16 November 2010}}</ref> Bad light stopped play after lunch on day 3. Sri Lanka follow on after being dismissed for 378 in 1st innings (follow on target was 381)<ref name="Daily News">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2010/11/19/spo07.asp|title=Lankans follow on|work=Daily News|author=Chris Dhambarage|date=19 November 2010|access-date=19 November 2010}}</ref>
| notes = [[Darren Bravo]] and [[Andre Russell]] (WI) both made their Test debuts. This was also Russell's only Test match he played throughout his international career.
}}

Shane Shillingford was reported for a suspected illegal bowling action during the Test.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20101121/sports/sports3.html|title=Shillingford's action under scrutiny|date=21 November 2010|access-date=2010-12-04|publisher=Jamaica Gleaner}}</ref> He had match figures of five for 202 in the Test. Shillingford was reported to the International Cricket Council (ICC) by the two on-field umpires, as well as TV umpire Asad Rauf and fourth umpire Tyron Wijewardene due to a straightening of the arm during his ''Doosra'' delivery.

===2nd Test===
{{Test match
| date = 23–27 November
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SRI}}
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| score-team1-inns1 = 387/9[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (115.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Kumar Sangakkara]] 150 (268)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Kemar Roach]] 5/100 (28.3 overs)
| score-team2-inns1 = 243 (71.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Darren Bravo]] 80 (129)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Rangana Herath]] 3/76 (23 overs)
| score-team1-inns2 = 57/1[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (15 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Tillakaratne Dilshan]] 26 (34)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Dwayne Bravo]] 1/8 (4 overs)
| score-team2-inns2 = 12/2 (11 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Adrian Barath]] 8 (17)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Ajantha Mendis]] 1/1 (3 overs)
| result = Match drawn
| venue = [[R. Premadasa Stadium]], [[Colombo]]
| umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak) and [[Richard Kettleborough]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Kumar Sangakkara]] (SL)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/engine/match/464988.html Scorecard]
| toss = Sri Lanka won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain = Bad light stopped play on days 1 and 3. Rain caused the end of day 2, and prevented play on day 4.
| notes = [[Suranga Lakmal]] (SL) made his Test debut.
}}

The 2nd Test was held at the R. Premadasa stadium despite its undergoing extensive renovation. The Sri Lankan Cricket Board defended choosing Premadasa stadium saying that the decision to stage a game was to allow cricketers to acclimatise themselves to the ground ahead of the 2011 World Cup games.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.bettor.com/Sri-Lanka-board-defends-decision-to-play-at-R-Premadasa-Stadium-a43996|title=Sri Lanka board defends decision to play at R Premadasa Stadium|author=Daniel Smith|access-date=2010-12-04|publisher=Bettor.com|archive-date=29 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129142049/http://blogs.bettor.com/Sri-Lanka-board-defends-decision-to-play-at-R-Premadasa-Stadium-a43996|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Sri Lanka cricket selectors recalled Nuwan Kulasekara and uncapped Shaminda Eranga for the second Test and dropped fast bowlers Dammika Prasad and Thilan Thushara, who went wicketless in the Galle Test.

''Day 1'' only saw 37. 2 overs of cricket due to a damp outfield and gloomy conditions. Sri Lanka went to stumps at 84 for three with Kemar Roach taking the wickets of Sri Lankan openers, Tharanga Paranavitana (16) and Tillakaratne Dilshan (4).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/content/story/488527.html|title=Sangakkara, Samaraweera steady after early strikes|date=23 November 2010|access-date=2010-12-04|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|author=Andrew Fernando}}</ref> On ''Day 2'' Kumar Sangakkara completed his 24th Test century with an unbeaten 135 to guide Sri Lanka to 294 for five, when rain forced again a premature end.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/content/story/488768.html|title=Sangakkara completes 24th Test ton|author=Andrew Fernando|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=24 November 2010|access-date=2010-12-04}}</ref> On ''Day 3'' despite Sangakkara's departure for 150 in the morning, Sri Lanka looked to step up the scoring and declared at 387 for 9 after the tail chipped in with some valuable runs. In reply West Indies closed the day on 165 for five wickets with hosts gaining some edge with late strikes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/content/story/488963.html|title=Late strikes give Sri Lanka the edge|date=25 November 2010|access-date=2010-12-04|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Darren Bravo top scored for the visitors with a classy 80 only to end his innings in the day's penultimate over. Rain prevented any play on ''Day 4''. In the afternoon play of ''Day 5'' Sri Lanka took the remaining five West Indies first-innings wickets in less than two hours. Rangana Herath topped Sri Lanka's bowling and finished on 3/76. Sri Lanka made a solid start in the evening session and declared at 57 for one wicket. Later Kummar Sanggakara said that he made the surprise declaration to try to get the psychological advantage over the visitors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/content/story/489364.html|title=We wanted to gain a psychological advantage – Sangakkara|author=Sa'adi Thawfeeq|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=27 November 2010|access-date=2010-12-03}}</ref> The ploy worked for Sri Lanka, as they put pressure on the West Indies top order with ten overs of testing bowling. At the close West Indies were 12 for 2.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/content/story/489299.html|title=Another rain-hit day ensures draw|author=Andrew Fernando|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=27 November 2010|access-date=2010-12-04}}</ref>

===3rd Test===
{{Test match
| date = 1–5 December
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| team2 = {{cr|SRI}}
| score-team1-inns1 = 303/8 (103.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Darren Bravo]] 68 (117)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Rangana Herath]] 4/54 (23 overs)
| score-team2-inns1 =
| runs-team2-inns1 =
| wickets-team2-inns1 =
| score-team1-inns2 =
| runs-team1-inns2 =
| wickets-team1-inns2 =
| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =
| result = Match drawn
| venue = [[Pallekele International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kandy]]
| umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak) and [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus)
| motm =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/engine/match/464989.html Scorecard]
| toss = Sri Lanka won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = Bad light and rain curtailed play on Days 1, 2, and 4 with rain also delaying play on Day 1. Rain prevented play on Day 3<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.windiescricket.com/index.cfm?objectID=ABEDED99-C8C3-7E1D-FBD988E9935BA9C6&pageid=E1288B36-978D-2775-14F0DFBD69B69AC4&thispageid=5A109EA6-E728-EC02-A8DE4FDCD8D014B9&category=BF171AC7-CE77-9B16-FCF644018CA99F31|title=More rain in Kandy, no play on Friday|date=3 December 2010|access-date=2010-12-04|publisher=West Indies Cricket Board}}{{Dead link|date=November 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and Day 5.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/content/current/story/490518.html|title=Fifth day drowned as series ends in rainy stalemate|date=5 December 2010|access-date=2010-12-05|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
}}

On the opening day, Pallekele International Cricket Stadium became the 104th Test venue in the world and Sri Lanka's eight. Nuwan Kulasekara, who played the 2nd Test was left out of the Sri Lankan side due to a side strain.<ref name="kulasekara left out"/> He was replaced by medium pacer Dilhara Fernando.

The start of the match was delayed by a wet outfield and heavy rains. Bursts of rain just after lunch and bad light in the evening contributed to shorten ''Day 1'' which only saw 40 overs of play. Suranga Lakmal trapped Chris Gayle Leg Before Wicket (LBW) for a duck with the day's first delivery to begin Test cricket at the new venue in dramatic fashion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/content/story/489845.html|title=Darren Bravo stars on rain-marred day|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=1 December 2010|access-date=2010-12-04|author=Andrew Fernando}}</ref> By dismissing Gayle, he became the third bowler to take a wicket with the first ball bowled in a test match at a new venue, joining [[Kapil Dev]] of India and [[Imran Khan]] of Pakistan.<ref name="kulasekara left out">{{cite web|url=http://www.bangaloremirror.com/article/71/201012022010120207381857e81afddf/Bravo%E2%80%99s-50-lifts-WI-to-1342-.html|title=Bravo's 50 lifts WI to 134–2|publisher=BangaloreMirror.com|date=1 December 2010|access-date=2010-12-05}}{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

At close of play, half-centuries from inform Darren Bravo and Devon Smith helped the West Indies to reach 134 for 2 on ''Day 1''. Only 41 overs of play were possible on ''Day 2'' due to rain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/content/story/490075.html|title=Sri Lanka fight back after Nash, Chanderpaul stand|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=2 December 2010|access-date=2010-12-04|author=Andrew Fernando}}</ref> West Indies were 244 for 5 at the close of play with Brendan Nash on 62 and Carlton Baugh yet to score. Rain prevented any play on Day 3 and only 20 overs were possible on Day 4.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/content/current/story/490379.html|title=Herath shines on another frustrating day|author=Andrew Fernando|date=4 December 2010|access-date=2010-12-04|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Rangana Herath struck three times in the morning of ''Day 4'' to claim the wickets of Brendan Nash, Carlton Baugh and Darren Sammy. No play was possible on ''Day 5'' due to rain. A draw was declared after the match was called off at 1:30 pm local time.

==ODI series==
Five matches were originally scheduled for 9, 11, 15, 17, 19 December 2010. The Twenty20 match was scheduled for 21 December.

===1st ODI===
{{Limited overs international
| date = 31 January
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| score1 = 245/5 (50 overs)
| score2 =
| team2 = {{cr|SRI}}
| runs1 = [[Adrian Barath]] 113 (129)
| wickets1 = [[Lasith Malinga]] 3/51 (10 overs)
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = No result
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/engine/match/464990.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sinhalese Sports Club Ground]], [[Colombo]]
| umpires = [[Asoka de Silva (cricketer)|Asoka de Silva]] (SL) and [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus)
| motm =
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
}}

===2nd ODI===
{{Limited overs international
| date = 3 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| score1 = 203 (50 overs)
| score2 = 199/2 (42.3 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|SRI}}
| runs1 = [[Dwayne Bravo]] 39 (55)
| wickets1 = [[Lasith Malinga]] 3/30 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Upul Tharanga]] 101[[not out|*]] (143)
| wickets2 = [[Ravi Rampaul]] 1/27 (7 overs)
| result = Sri Lanka won by 8 wickets ([[Duckworth–Lewis method|D/L]])
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/engine/match/464991.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sinhalese Sports Club Ground]], [[Colombo]]
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Upul Tharanga]] (SL)
| toss = Sri Lanka won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = Rain stopped play in the 15th over of the Sri Lanka innings, with their target revised to 197 from 47 overs.
}}

===3rd ODI===
{{Limited overs international
| date = 6 February
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SRI}}
| score1 = 277/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 251 (49 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| runs1 = [[Kumar Sangakkara]] 75 (105)
| wickets1 = [[Sulieman Benn]] 4/38 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Darren Bravo]] 79 (91)
| wickets2 = [[Ajantha Mendis]] 4/46 (10 overs)
| result = Sri Lanka won by 26 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-west-indies-2010/engine/match/464992.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sinhalese Sports Club Ground]], [[Colombo]]
| umpires = [[Asoka de Silva (cricketer)|Asoka de Silva]] (SL) and [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Kumar Sangakkara]] (SL)
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
}}

==Media coverage==

===Television===
*[[British Eurosport]]: UK
*[[Ten Sports]] : Middle-East, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{International cricket in 2010–11}}
{{International cricket tours of Sri Lanka}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:West Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2010-11}}
[[Category:2010 in Sri Lankan cricket]]
[[Category:2010 in West Indian cricket]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in 2010–11]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan cricket seasons from 2000–01]]
[[Category:West Indian cricket tours of Sri Lanka|2010-11]]

Murali Mohan Temple

2025-07-01T02:10:07Z

Prakashmishra1991: added basic biography more to come

{{refimprove|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Murali Mohan Temple
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = bn
| image = File:Murali Mohan temple 03.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| Peetham =
| caption =
| religious_affiliation = [[Hinduism]]
| deity = Murali Mohan
| tradition =
| organizational_status =
| functional_status =
| governing_body =
| temple_board =
| festival =
| festivals =
| tower =
| temple_tank =
| temple_tree =
| location = [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]]
| locale =
| district = [[Bankura district|Bankura]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| province =
| country = India
| map_type =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_relief =
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{Coord|23|4|55.37|N|87|19|03.85|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| architecture_type = [[Bengal temple architecture]]
| architecture_style = ''[[Ek-ratna]]'' style
| founded_by = Churamoni(Siromoni/Siramani Devi), wife of [[Bir Singha Dev|Bir Singha]]
| creator =
| established = {{Start date and age|1665}}
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed =
| date_demolished =
| facade_direction =
| length = {{cvt|10.1|m|ft}}
| width = {{cvt|10.1|m|ft}}
| height_max = {{cvt|12.2|m|ft}}
| site_area =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| materials =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft =
| elevation_footnotes =
| designation1 = Monuments of National Importance (India)
| designation1_type = Cultural
| designation1_offname = Murali Mohan Temple
| designation1_criteria =
| designation1_date =
| footnotes = {{sfn|Biswas|1992|pp=17}}
| website =
|designation1_number = IN-WB-17}}
'''Murali Mohan Temple''', is a [[Krishna]] temple in [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of West Bengal. In this temple, the [[Hindu deities|Hindu God]] Krishna was worshiped as Murali Mohan in this temple.{{Sfn|Dasgupta|Biswas|Mallik|2009|p=50}}

== History and architecture ==
According to the Inscriptional plaque, the temple was founded in 1665 by Churamoni (Siromoni/Siramani Devi), wife of [[Bir Singha Dev|Bir Singha]] King of [[Mallabhum]]. The Temple is built in the ''Ek-ratna'' style temple architecture.{{sfn|Biswas|1992|pp=17}}<ref>{{cite web |title=ASI, Kolkata Circle |url=https://www.asikolkata.in/bankura.aspx#Murali_Mohan |website=www.asikolkata.in}}</ref>

The Murali Mohana temple, which faces south and differs from other temples in the eka-ratna group. Instead of the typical three arched openings, it features a covered ambulatory supported by a series of pillars. The inner sanctum is crowned with a tower. The temple has a base area of approximately 10.1 square meters and stands at a height of 12.2 meters. An emblem, or dhvaja, is positioned above the chuda, marking the deity enshrined within the temple.{{sfn|Biswas|1992|pp=16,17}}

Currently, it is preserved as one of the archaeological monuments by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ASI, Kolkata Circle |url=https://www.asikolkata.in/bankura.aspx#Murali_Mohan |website=www.asikolkata.in}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Murli Mohana temple of Bishnupur. 08.jpg
File:Murli Mohana temple of Bishnupur. 07.jpg
File:Murli Mohana temple of Bishnupur. 05.jpg
File:Murli Mohana temple of Bishnupur. 01.jpg
File:Murli Mohana temple of Bishnupur. 19.jpg
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |last1=Biswas |first1=S. S. |title=Bishnupur |date=1992 |publisher=Director General, Archaeological Survey of India |edition=University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MypxFqTmRsgC |language=en}}
*{{Citation|last1=Dasgupta|first2=Samira|last2=Biswas|first3=Rabiranjan|last3=Mallik|first1=Gautam Kumar|title=Heritage Tourism: An Anthropological Journey to Bishnupur|publisher=A Mittal Publication|isbn=978-8183242943|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_0_o9Qj1LOEC&pg=PA18|date=2009|page=37}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|}}

{{Mallabhum}}

[[Category:Mallabhum temples]]
[[Category:Bishnupur, Bankura]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Bankura district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Bankura district]]
[[Category:Temples in Bishnupur, Bankura]]

Dibrugarh Development Authority

2025-05-08T09:41:14Z

Prakashmishra1991:

{{Infobox government agency
|agency_name = Dibrugarh Urban Development Authority
|nativename =
|logo =
|logo_width =
|logo_caption =
|seal =
|seal_width =
|seal_caption =
|picture =
|picture_width =
|picture_caption =
|formed =
|preceding1 =
|preceding2 =
|dissolved =
|superseding =
|jurisdiction =
|headquarters = FWC7+M7M, Ttiloi Bari, Chowkidingee, Dibrugarh, Assam 786001
|coordinates =
|employees =
|budget =
|minister1_name = -
|minister1_pfo = Chief Minister
|minister2_name = -
|minister2_pfo = Roads and Buildings
|chief1_name = -
|chief1_position = Chairman
|chief2_name = -
|chief2_position = Vice Chairman
|agency_type = Urban Planning Agency
|parent_agency = [[Government of Assam]]
|child1_agency =
|child2_agency =
|keydocument1=
|website =https://tcp.assam.gov.in/information-services/development-authorities
|footnotes =
|chief3_name=|chief3_position=|chief4_name=|chief4_position=|chief5_name=|chief5_position=|chief6_name=|chief6_position=|chief7_name=|chief7_position=|chief8_name=|chief8_position=|chief9_name=|chief9_position=|parent_department=}}

'''Dibrugarh Development Authority''' is [[Statute|statutory]] civic body created for the development of [[Infrastructure]] and [[Housing]] projects in planned way in [[India]]n city of [[Dibrugarh]]. The foundation for current Indian Urban Development Authority is based on the structure designed during [[British Overseas Territories|British Colonial Government]] era as a result of [[Bombay plague epidemic|Bombay plague]] in 1896. Urban Development Authority for each town is created as per 74th amendment of [[Constitution of India]]. The authority consists of planners and bureaucrats who are specialised in civic planning. The officials of the authority work with local [[State governments of India|State Governments]] in town planning activities.

== History and Objective ==

Dibrugarh Urban Development Authority was formed and consists of a group of non bureaucratic individuals and agencies who are responsible for planning Infrastructure development in Indian cities.<ref name="ud1">{{cite news |title=Who plans Indian cities? Development Authorities who still follow colonial masterplans |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/who-plans-indian-cities-development-authorities-who-still-follow-colonial-masterplans/770913/ |access-date=28 May 2022 |publisher=theprint.in |date=24 November 2021}}</ref><ref name="ud3">{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Ramanath |title=Constituting Special Planning Authority within the area of a planning authority |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/constituting-special-planning-authority-within-the-area/ |access-date=28 May 2022 |date=29 April 2022}}</ref> The individuals are specialised in various aspects of town planning activities.<ref name="ud8">{{cite news |last1=Ramnani |first1=Vandana |title=Centre sets up expert panel to train 5000 urban planners in the next five years |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/real-estate/centre-sets-up-expert-panel-to-train-5000-urban-planners-in-the-next-five-years-8456801.html |access-date=28 May 2022 |publisher=moneycontrol.com}}</ref>

Dibrugarh Urban Development Authority is governed by Chairman Akhim Hazarika.<ref name="di1">{{cite news |title=Urban Development Department appointed 9 development authority chairmen - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/urban-development-department-appointed-9-development-authority-chairmen-476958 |access-date=24 June 2022 |publisher=sentinelassam.com |date=15 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

== Activities ==

Dibrugarh Urban Development Authority planners are responsible for the following.<ref name="de1">{{cite news |title=Assam Cabinet takes key decisions - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/assam-cabinet-takes-key-decisions-581678 |access-date=27 June 2022 |publisher=sentinelassam.com |date=8 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="di2">{{cite news |title=New Master Plan For Renovation Of Assam's Dibrugarh Under Centre Scheme |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/amrut-new-master-for-renovation-of-assams-dibrugarh-under-centre-scheme-2571933 |access-date=24 June 2022 |publisher=NDTV.com |date=11 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="ud2">{{cite news |title=Centre sets up expert panel to train urban planners |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/centre-sets-up-expert-panel-to-train-urban-planners-101651515024029.html |access-date=28 May 2022 |publisher=hindustantimes.com |date=2 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="ud3" /><ref name="ud4">{{cite news |last1=Aijaz |first1=Rumi |title=How Fares the PMAY (U)? Taking Stock of India’s National Housing Programme |url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/how-fares-the-pmay/ |access-date=28 May 2022 |publisher=orfonline.org}}</ref><ref name="ud5">{{cite news |title=Govt to finalise 5 urban planning reform schemes for states |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/govt-to-finalise-5-urban-planning-reform-schemes-for-states-101650135122990.html |access-date=28 May 2022 |publisher=hindustan times |date=17 April 2022}}</ref>

* Ensuring that Town planning schemes are implemented.
* Creating and implementing development plan of master plan for notified areas.
* Creation and implementation of urban area development initiatives like affordable housing, slum dwellers development.
* Implementation of Local Area Plan for the improvement of existing areas.
* Modernising building laws.
* Transit oriented development is promoted,
* Inclusion of conversion of heritage buildings in local area plans.
* Social and economic development planning.

== Challenges ==

Dibrugarh Urban Development Authority planners are faced with following challenges:<ref name="ud6">{{cite news |title=Colony redevelopment – An intrinsic component of urban rejuvenation |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/voices/colony-redevelopment-an-intrinsic-component-of-urban-rejuvenation/ |access-date=28 May 2022 |publisher=Times of India |date=27 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="ud7">{{cite news |title=Guiding peri-urban transformation |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/guiding-peri-urban-transformation/ |access-date=28 May 2022 |publisher=orfonline.org |date=7 February 2022}}</ref>

* Meeting housing needs of urban settlers.
* Investment on development initiatives.
* Resolving drinking water issues.
* Resolving sanitation issues.

== See also ==
* [[Urban Development Authority (India)]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://tcp.assam.gov.in/information-services/development-authorities Official Website]


[[Category:Urban development authorities in India]]
[[Category:Urban development authorities]]
[[Category:State agencies of Assam]]

National Highway 347A (India)

2025-02-28T16:38:10Z

Prakashmishra1991: Content refined for better accuracy

{{Short description|National highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}

{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 347A
| length_km = 262
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3
| id= Q56242291|title=National Highway 347A|zoom = 7 |frame-lat=21|frame-long=78.6 |text= Map of National Highway '''347A''' in red }}
| map_custom = yes
| direction_a = North
| direction_b = South
| terminus_a = [[Multai]]
| terminus_b = [[Warora]]
| junction =
| spur_type = NH
| spur_of = 47
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route = 47 
| next_route = 930 
| states = [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| destinations =
}}

'''National Highway 347A''', commonly referred to as '''NH 347A''' is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]].<ref name=":122">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/173465.pdf|title=New national highways notifications dated Jan, 2017|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=22 Aug 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India as on 30.06.2017|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=22 Aug 2018}}</ref> It is a [[Spur route|spur]] road of [[National Highway 47 (India)|National Highway 47]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=22 Aug 2018}}</ref> NH-347A traverses the states of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] in India.

== Route ==
[[Multai]], [[Prabhat Pattan]], Warud, Ashti, Arvi, Pulgaon, Wardha, Sevagram, Sonegaon, Hinganghat, Jamb, [[Warora]].<ref name=":122" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/174498.pdf|title=National highways substitution notification.|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=22 Aug 2018}}</ref>

== Junctions ==
{{RJL|date=November 2021}}
: {{jct|NH|47|country=IND}} Terminal near Multai.<ref name=":122" />
: {{jct|NH|930|country=IND}} Terminal near Warora.<ref name=":122" />

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/6853075 NH 347A on OpenStreetMap]

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH47 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:National highways in Madhya Pradesh]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

Kariyavar

2025-02-25T19:18:23Z

Prakashmishra1991: added details

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kariyavar
| image =
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Chaturbhuj Doshi]]
| producer = Chimanlal Desai
| writer = [[Shayda]], Chaturbhuj Doshi
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Dina Pathak|Dina Sanghvi]]
}}
| music = [[Ajit Merchant]]
| cinematography = Adi Irani, Jayant Dadawala
| editing =
| studio = [[Sagar Movietone]]
| runtime = 138 minute
| country = India
| language = Gujarati
| released = {{Film date|1948}}
| based_on = ''Vanzari Vaav'' by [[Shayda]]
| distributor =
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Kariyavar''''' is 1948 Indian [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati]] film written and directed by [[Chaturbhuj Doshi]]. It was produced by Chimanlal Desai under banner of [[Sagar Movietone]]. It was based on the story by [[Shayda]] which itself was based on a folklore of a [[stepwell]]. The soundtrack was composed by [[Ajit Merchant]].

==Plot==
In a village, there was a challenge that whoever reach into a pot housing a venomous cobra would have the privilege of installing an idol in a temple. A village girl Raju accepts and becomes successful in the challenge. The cobra forms a bond with Raju and also grants her wish that he will protect her whenever she needs. Madhav, a son of gypsy Balam Vanzara, falls in love with Raju while Champa, Vanzara's adoptive daughter, falls in love with Veera, Raju's malevolent neighbour who harbors envy for Madhav. Madhav was bitten by the cobra while he went to watch Raju's dance performance. Raju uses of the previously granted wish so the cobra retracts its venom, stipulating that a stepwell must be dug in the village. Meanwhile Raju and Madhav get married. Seeking vengeance, Veera shows the wrong place to dig the stepwell resulting in a dry well. The village suffering from the drought is manipulated by Veera to demand a sacrificial exorcism involving newly married couple of Raju and Madhav to rise the water in the stepwell. Champa decides to marry Veera as well as agrees to sacrifice herself. Finally the sacrifice of Champa and Veera results in the miraculous rising of well waters, resolving the village's problem.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014" /><ref name=":0" />

==Cast==
* [[Dina Pathak|Dina Sanghvi]]<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014" /><ref name=":0" /> as Raju
* Dhulia<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014" />
* Shobha<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014" />
* Mulchand Khichdi<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014" />
* Manhar Desai<ref name=":0" />
* Chhanalal<ref name=":0" />
* Urmila<ref name=":0" />
* Kusum Thakur
* Kamlakant
* Shyamabai
* Narendra Desai

==Production==
The story of the film was based on [[Shayda]]'s novel ''Vanzari Vaav'' which was based on a folklore.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=Routledge |year=1999 |isbn=978-1-135-94325-7 |edition=Revised |pages=311}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Raghuvanshi |first=Harish |date= |title=કરિયાવર |url=https://gujarativishwakosh.org/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0/ |website=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]] |language=gu}}</ref> The black-and-white film was produced by Chimanlal Desai under banner of [[Sagar Movietone]] while script, dialogues and direction was by Chaturbhuj Doshi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014" /> It features a rural, folkloric, mythological story. The love story in the film is complex and contains numerous symbolic allusions with clear sexual undertones.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014" />

It is known for debut film of Dina Sanghvi who is also known as Dina Pathak.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014" />

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Ajit Merchant]] while the lyrics were written by Chaitanya and Nandkumar Pathak.<ref name=":0" />

{{Infobox album
| name = Kariyavar
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Ajit Merchant]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1948
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| label =
| producer = Sagar Movietone
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{URL|https://open.spotify.com/album/6HT2FP8dTdRLE5YkDVuF63|Spotify}}}}
}}

{{track listing
| headline =Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
|all_music= [[Ajit Merchant]]
|all_lyrics= Chaitanya, Nandkumar Pathak.

| title1 = Mane Marya Nenana Baan
| extra1 = [[Geeta Dutt]]
| length1 = 3:10

| title2 = Gori Zaza Na Rahiye Gumanman
| extra2 = Geeta Dutt, Mukesh
| length2 = 3:23

| title3 = Aave Ne Jaye
| extra3 = Meena Kapoor
| length3 = 3:20

| title4 = Bholi Ne Bharamavi
| extra4 = Geeta Dutt
| length4 = 3:01

| title5 = Gokuliyun Gaam Nanun
| extra5 = Geeta Dutt, Suman Banavalkar
| length5 = 3:13

| title6 = He Man Bhooleli
| extra6 = Meena Kapoor
| length6 = 3:12

| title7 = Kesudani Kaliye
| extra7 = Ajit Merchant, Meena Kapoor
| length7 = 3:02

| title8 = Mare Sapana Ne Mandvade
| extra8 = Geeta Dutt
| length8 = 3:10

| title9 = Vanzarare
| extra9 = Ajit Merchant, Meena Kapoor
| length9 = 3:15

}}

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati films]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1948 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1948 drama films]]
[[Category:1940s Gujarati-language films]]
[[Category:Films based on mythology]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian folklore]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by Chaturbhuj Doshi]]

Embassy of India, Belgrade

2025-01-11T14:49:05Z

Prakashmishra1991: Creating Post.

{{More citations needed|date=February 2022}}
{{short description|Diplomatic mission of India to Serbia}}
{{Infobox diplomatic mission
|name = Embassy of India, Belgrade
|image =
|location = [[Belgrade]], Serbia
|address = Đorđa Radojlovića 7a
|ambassador = Sanjiv Kohli
|website = {{Official website|https://www.eoibelgrade.gov.in}}
}}
The '''Embassy of India in Belgrade''' is the [[diplomatic mission]] of [[India]] to [[Serbia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Embassy of India, Belgrade, Serbia|url=https://www.eoibelgrade.gov.in/|access-date=2022-01-20|website=www.eoibelgrade.gov.in}}</ref> The ambassador is Sanjiv Kohli.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Embassy of India, Belgrade, Serbia: The Ambassador|url=https://www.eoibelgrade.gov.in/eoibl_pages/MQ,,|access-date=2022-01-20|website=www.eoibelgrade.gov.in}}</ref> India [[India's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence|doesn't recognise]] the territory of [[Kosovo]], and instead regards the territory to be "an integral part of Serbia" and serves its jurisdiction.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNSC Watch: On Delicate Kosovo Question, India Maintains UN Primacy Is Important|url=https://thewire.in/world/unsc-watch-kosovo-serbia-india|access-date=2022-01-20|website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EXCLUSIVE: Kosovo is not Kashmir, recognise us, President Vjosa Osmani urges India|url=https://www.wionews.com/world/exclusive-kosovo-is-not-kashmir-recognise-us-president-vjosa-osmani-urges-india-411658|access-date=2022-01-20|website=WION|language=en}}</ref>

==Activities==
The embassy engages in various activities for locals, and also promotes doing business as well.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Embassy of India, Belgrade, Serbia: Doing Business In India|url=https://www.eoibelgrade.gov.in/eoibl_pages/NTA1|access-date=2022-01-20|website=www.eoibelgrade.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EEPCINDIA|url=https://www.eepcindia.org/eepc-magazine/magazine.aspx?id=MAZ0210202016442159532&magazine=September-2020|access-date=2022-01-20|website=www.eepcindia.org|archive-date=2022-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524204204/https://www.eepcindia.org/eepc-magazine/magazine.aspx?id=MAZ0210202016442159532&magazine=September-2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[India–Serbia relations]]
* [[India–Kosovo relations]]
* [[India's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence]]
* [[Foreign relations of Kosovo]]
* [[Foreign relations of Serbia]]
* [[Foreign relations of India]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions in Serbia]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.eoibelgrade.gov.in}}
* [https://www.eepcindia.org/eepc-magazine/magazine.aspx?id=MAZ0210202016442159532&magazine=September-2020 EEPCINDIA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524204204/https://www.eepcindia.org/eepc-magazine/magazine.aspx?id=MAZ0210202016442159532&magazine=September-2020 |date=2022-05-24 }}

{{Diplomatic missions of India}}
{{Diplomatic missions in Serbia}}

[[Category:Diplomatic missions of India|Serbia]]
[[Category:Diplomatic missions in Serbia|India]]
[[Category:India–Serbia relations]]

Keki Tarapore (coach)

2024-12-19T01:31:39Z

Prakashmishra1991: added references

{{Short description|Indian cricketer and coach (1922–2001)}}
{{for|the Test cricketer|Keki Tarapore}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Keki Tarapore
| birth_date = {{birth date|1911|10|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Indore]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2001|7|12|1911|10|11|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Bangalore]], India
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]]
| columns = 1
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| matches1 = 1
| runs1 = 8
| bat avg1 = 4.00
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 6
| hidedeliveries = true
| catches/stumpings1= 0/–
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/35458.html ESPNcricinfo
| date = 29 January
| year = 2014
}}

'''Keki Bezon Tarapore''' (11 October 1922 – 12 July 2001), was an Indian [[first class cricket|cricket]]er and coach.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/35458.html ESPNcricinfo Profile]</ref> He coached a number of cricketing greats including [[Rahul Dravid]] and [[Anil Kumble]].<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/101545.html ESPNcricinfo, A devoted coach who guided the fortunes of many great players]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tarapore, Keki}}
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian cricket coaches]]
[[Category:Parsi people]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1920s-stub}}

Rajesh Ekade

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Himalayan griffon vulture

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BK Garudachar

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Indian Army Para (Special Forces) selection

2023-01-01T18:14:20Z

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Aonla (Lok Sabha constituency)

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Combined Andhra Pradesh

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Ancient Indian

2013-12-25T18:35:45Z

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