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Santosh Bhartiya (journalist)

2026-05-05T06:00:38Z

Prabhash Sharma:

{{Short description|Ex Member of Parliament and Veteran Journalist}}
{{Orphan|date=January 2025}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Santosh Bhartiya
| image = SantoshBhartiya.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1950|03|26}}{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}
| citizenship =
| occupation = Author, Journalist and Politician
| predecessor = [[Khurshed Alam Khan]]
| successor = [[Salman Khurshid]]
| party = [[Janata Dal]]
| father = B. S. Rathore{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}
}}

'''Santosh Bhartiya''' is an Indian journalist, author, film producer, and ex-member of parliament. <ref>{{Cite web |last=mxm_india |date=2011-09-23 |title=Choice between lion and jackal: Santosh Bhartiya |url=https://www.mxmindia.com/mjr/the-state-of-the-fourth-estate/ |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=MxMIndia |language=en-US}}</ref> He served as a member of [[9th Lok Sabha]] on the symbol of [[Janata Dal]] from [[Farrukhabad Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Statistical Report On General Elections, 1989 To The Ninth Lok Sabha Volume II (Constituency Data - Summary) |url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Links/Books/89_Vol_II.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250308035224/https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Links/Books/89_Vol_II.pdf |archive-date=2025-03-08 |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=Wayback Machine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Santosh Bhartiya, Farrukhabad Lok Sabha Elections 1989 in India LIVE Results {{!}} Latest News, Articles & Statistics |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/loksabha-elections/1989/uttar-pradesh/farrukhabad/santosh-bhartiya/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref> He is the author of ''V.P Singh, Chandrashekhar, Sonia Gandhi & Me'', ''Kamzor Duniya Ka Rasta'', and ''Nishane Par''.

In July 2021, Bhartiya was identified as one of the potential targets of surveillance in the [[Pegasus (spyware)|Pegasus spyware scandal]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bhardwaj |first=Ananya |date=2021-07-18 |title=List of Indian journalists, activists allegedly put on surveillance using Pegasus |url=https://theprint.in/tech/list-of-indian-journalists-activists-allegedly-put-on-surveillance-using-pegasus/698550/ |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> where journalists, activists, and political figures were reportedly monitored using spyware developed by Israel's [[NSO Group]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2021-07-19 |title=Phone numbers of over 40 Indian journalists leaked by Pegasus spyware |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/Jul/18/phone-numbers-of-over-40-indian-journalistsleaked-bypegasusspyware-2332039.html |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Biography ==
He began his journalism career with [[Ravivar|''Ravivaar'']] in the late 1970s and later joined [[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] in 1985. In 1986, he founded ''Chauthi Duniya'', the first Hindi weekly of its kind. Bhartiya was also instrumental in launching Jain TV, India's first private news channel.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Loksabha members : Bhartiya , Shri Santosh - Data is Info: Data is more useful if it is made available in a better format. |url=https://datais.info/loksabha/members/Bhartiya+,+Shri+Santosh/45a265410fb66076c524e5f35e055bcc/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=Data is Info |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title="V.P Singh, Chandrashekhar, Sonia Gandhi aur Main" |url=https://www.santoshbhartiya.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/English-About-book-About-Author-Editorial-Buying-Links.pdf}}</ref>

Bhartiya was among those targeted in the Pegasus spyware scandal, a controversy involving the use of spyware developed by [[Israel]]’s NSO Group to monitor the phones of [[journalist]]s, [[Activism|activists]], and [[political figure]]s. The scandal raised significant concerns over privacy and [[surveillance]] in India.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-01 |title=WhatsApp Snooping: Praful Patel Among 41 Targeted Through Pegasus Spyware |url=https://www.huffpost.com/archive/in/entry/praful-patel-pegasus-whatsapp_in_5dbbb169e4b057bf506f947b |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Political ===
Santosh Bhartiya served as a Member of Parliament in the 9th Lok Sabha, representing the [[Farrukhabad]] constituency in [[Uttar Pradesh]], where he defeated [[Salman Khurshid]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Farrukhabad lok sabha constituency election results from Uttar Pradesh for year 1989 {{!}} ElectionsIndia.Live |url=https://electionsindia.live/loksabhaelections/Uttar-PradeshState/FarrukhabadConstituency/1989-result/6111b3c1fec45aefe8f321d50c4ca378984880f0/6195a115d4e3e5896ac06b5a51dd018f99778c5a/#google_vignette |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=Elections India Live |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=mxm_india |date=2011-09-23 |title=Choice between lion and jackal: Santosh Bhartiya |url=https://www.mxmindia.com/mjr/the-state-of-the-fourth-estate/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=MxMIndia |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Writing ===
Bhartiya is the editor-in-chief of ''Chauthi Duniya,'' the first weekly newspaper in Hindi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-14 |title=Home |url=https://chauthiduniya.com/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=Chauthi Duniya |language=en-US}}</ref>

Bhartiya wrote the book ''VP Singh, Chandrashekhar, Sonia Gandhi aur Mein''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=V.P. Singh, Chandrashekhar, Sonia Gandhi aur Main - Urd… |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/61627157-v-p-singh-chandrashekhar-sonia-gandhi-aur-main---urdu-edition |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=Goodreads |language=en}}</ref> Bhartiya reflects on his close associations with [[V. P. Singh|V.P. Singh]] and [[Chandrashekhar]], recounting critical events during their tenures as Prime Ministers, as well as the political strategies and challenges they faced.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Vinod |title=When VP Singh worked to make Sonia Gandhi the PM in 2004 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/when-vp-singh-worked-to-make-sonia-gandhi-the-pm-in-2004-101625135546385.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Pranjal |title=When Rajasthan CM Lost Post Over 6-Minute News Report |url=https://news24online.com/india/when-rajasthan-cm-lost-post-over-6-minute-news-report-prn/180140 |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=News24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-14 |title=किताबवाला: राजीव गांधी की मौत के बाद सोनिया, अमिताभ पर क्यों भड़की थीं, सौरभ के सामने खुलासा! |url=https://www.thelallantop.com/lallankhas/post/kitabwala-senior-journalist-and-former-politician-santosh-bhartiya-with-his-book-v-p-singh-chandrashekhar-sonia-gandhi-aur-main |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=The Lallantop |language=hi}}</ref>

Bhartiya has also produced films such as ''Hogaya Dimaag Ka Dahi, Fatso, and Bhaiyyaji Superhit.''{{cn|date=February 2025}}

== Literary works ==

* {{Cite book |last=Bhartiya |first=Santosh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-F07ALiguEC |title=Dalit And Minority Empowerment |date=2008-09-01 |publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan |isbn=978-81-267-1599-2 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bhartiya |first=Santosh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k_VJQhPM1jEC |title=Patrakarita : Naye Daur, Naye Pratiman |date=2005-09-01 |publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7119-986-0 |language=hi}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bhartiya |first=Santosh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Jzp1l1dB4sC |title=Nishane Par, Samay, Samaj Aur Rajniti |date=2005-01-01 |publisher=Radhakrishna Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7119-987-7 |language=hi}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bhartiya |first=Santosh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sMwvEAAAQBAJ |title=V.P Singh, Chandrashekhar, Sonia Gandhi Aur Main: "इतिहास ग्रंथ" जो अब तक ना कहा गया ना लिखा गया |date=2021-05-24 |publisher=Warrior's Victory Publishing House |isbn=978-81-951039-5-9 |language=hi}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{catimprove|date=February 2025}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhartiya, Santosh}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]

Neela Hauz Biodiversity Park

2026-05-04T17:29:03Z

Prabhash Sharma: new new article

{{Use Indian English | date = January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox park
| name = Neela Hauz biodiversity park
| photo =
| photo_caption =
| map_width = 208
| type = Natural Area
| location = along Aruna Asaf Ali Road, [[Delhi Ridge#Northern Ridge|South Central Ridge]], [[Delhi Ridge]]
| nearest_city = [[Hauz Khas]], [[Delhi]]
| coords = {{coord|28.5286867|N|77.1686125|E|region:IN-HR_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| created = {{Start date|2015}}
| area = 3.90 [[hectare]]s<ref name=newbio2/>
| operator = [[Delhi Development Authority]]
| visitation_num =
| status = Open
| designation =
| open =
}}
'''Neela Hauz biodiversity park''',<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/multimedia/video-gallery/general/dda-revives-neela-hauz-biodiversity-park-42996.htm |title=DDA revives Neela Hauz biodiversity park |work=[[Business Standard]] |language=en |access-date=2019-01-16}}</ref> located on [[Delhi Ridge|South Central Delhi Ridge]] of [[Aravalli Range]] next to [[Sanjay Van]], in [[Delhi]], [[India]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Lakes-blues-end-with-green-push/articleshow/55423402.cms |title=Lake's blues end with green push |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |access-date=2019-01-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/are-biodiversity-parks-helping-the-city-s-environment-delhi-university-experts-to-find-out/story-8k1VpJcKNWoGVPNdzt5mLK.html |title=Are biodiversity parks helping the city's environment? Delhi University experts to find out |date=2018-02-25 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |access-date=2019-01-16}}</ref> is a 3.90 hectares mini biodiversity and wetland area along Aruna Asaf Ali Road.<ref name=dec1>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/496978/scientists-engaged-develop-four-biodiversity.html |title=Scientists engaged develop four biodiversity parks |newspaper=Deccan Herald |date=23 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=newbio2/> It lies in the [[Aravalli Range#Northern Aravalli leopard wildlife corridor|Northern Aravalli leopard wildlife corridor]].

==History==

{{Wildlife of India}}

In 2014, of the 611 water bodies in Delhi, 274 were dead and remaining were in bad shape. Neela Hauz is a freshwater lake which was slowly dying due to the dumping of waste.<ref name=neela1/> During ancient times it was the main source of water supply for the [[Rajput]] city of [[Qila Rai Pithora]].<ref name=neela1/> During ancient times, its basin was recharged by the wider dense forests of Sanjay Van and its overflow drained in to [[Yamuna]].<ref name=neela1>M Jaggi, June 2017, [http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/42134/1/SR%2054%286%29%2022-23.pdf NOPR: Neela Hauz Biodiversity Park – From Barren to Beautiful, SR Vol.54(06).]</ref>

In 2014, the wetland was covered with [[Eichhornia crassipes|water hyacinth]] and ridge was infested with the invasive species of [[prosopis juliflora]] (''Vilayati Babul'' or ''Kikar'' of Mexican origin), which were planted in the 1920s by the [[British raj|Britisher colonisers]] to rehabilitate the wasteland.<ref name=wildht2/><ref name=neela1/> The silted up lake was encroached upon and raw sewage drained into it, causing concerned citizens to take an order from [[Delhi High Court]] to have it restored by the government.<ref name=neela1/> After the restoration started in 2015, this biodiversity park was officially inaugurated in November 2016.<ref name=neela1/>

Delhi has 7,884 hectares of fragmented forests which are deprived of wild animals due to the unplanned urbanisation.<ref name=dec1/> In 2015, Delhi already had [[Aravali Biodiversity Park, Gurgaon|Aravalli Biodiversity Park]] and [[Yamuna Biodiversity Park]]. The [[Delhi Development Authority]] engaged the scientist of [[Delhi University]] to develop four more biodiversity parks in Delhi, including the [[Northern ridge biodiversity park]] (Kamla Nehru Ridge), [[Tilpath valley biodiversity park]], Neelahauz biodiversity park and phase-2 of the Yamuna Biodiversity Park.<ref name=dec1/>

==Restoration==
In 2015, the Delhi Development Authority commenced the work to restore this as a biodiversity area.<ref name=newbio2>[https://dda.org.in/greens/biodiv/aravalli-biodiversity-park.html DDA biodiversity parks].</ref><ref name=newbio1>[http://www.millenniumpost.in/government-takes-steps-to-restore-biodiversity-of-kamala-nehru-ridge-41733 Government takes steps to restore biodiversity of Kamala Nehru ridge], Millennium Post, 14 October 2014.</ref> Lake was desilted, its banks landscaped, water supply was restored with the treated water from the [[Wastewater Treatment Plant]], and native species of plants were reintroduced in 10 acres of the land surrounding the lake.<ref name=neela1/> To improve the water quality before water enters the lake, the ''Constructed Wetland System'' (CWS) consists of zero energy input physical and biological processes, including 2 oxidation points and four filtration ponds/channels.<ref name=neela1/> In first step of oxidation the organic sewage material is broken down by the atmospheric oxygen by microbes and in the second stage the aquatic plants treat the water.<ref name=neela1/> Four channels have filters, such as pebbles and sand of varying size, to filter the water before it enters the lake.<ref name=neela1/> After the CWS was operationalised, it is claimed that the [[Biochemical oxygen demand]] (BOD) fell from 40 to 4, phosphate 104 to 14, total dissolved solids from 600 to 298 and dissolved oxygen improved from 0 to 3.4.<ref name=neela1/>

Independent water testing was carried out by the Delhi Jal Board in June 2019 as part of the investigation carried out by the Ground Water Monitoring Committee appointed by the NGT. It was found that the treated effluent did not meet permissible standards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://delhijalboard.nic.in/sites/default/files/All-PDF/MOM%2020th.pdf|title=Minutes of 20th Meeting held on 28.06.19 in the matter of O.A.No.496/2016 in the Hon'ble NGT|date=15 July 2019}}</ref> Prof. C.R. Babu was to improve the parameters of the effluent but up to November 2019 no published action has been taken.

Several ridges of Delhi are being restored to revive the native species including [[leopard]], [[Indian rock python]], [[jackal]]s, [[neelgai]], [[mongoose]]s, [[porcupine]]s, [[small Indian civet]], [[gecko]], [[Sirkeer malkoha]] cuckoo, [[nightjar]], [[Indian paradise flycatcher]].<ref name=wildht2>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/two-years-on-tilpath-valley-biodiversity-park-breathes-again/articleshow/63035604.cms Two years on, Tilpath Valley Biodiversity Park breathes again], Times of India, 23 February 2018.</ref><ref name=wildht1>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/delhi-gets-its-third-biodiversity-park-in-tilpat-valley/story-22c7t3YnkSk3bqW2jMMpsJ.html Delhi gets its third biodiversity park in Tilpat Valley], Hindustan Times, 3 February 2018.</ref>

==Flora==
15,000 native plants and shrubs of 75 species from 6 [[Community (ecology)|bio communities]] were planted in 2015–16. Slopes were stabilised by planting the grasses, such as [[chrysopogon]], [[heteropogon (plant)|heteropogon]] and [[cenchrus ciliaris]]. Wetland has restocked with the [[phytoplankton]], [[zooplankton]], [[Aquatic plant#Free-floating|free floating]] and [[Aquatic plant|rooted aquatic plants]].<ref name=neela1/>

==Fauna==
By 2016, the lake was home to over 70 bird species, including [[migratory birds]].<ref name=neela1/>

== See also==
* [[Delhi Ridge]]
* [[List of National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of Haryana, India|National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of Haryana]]
* [[Biodiversity Park, Visakhapatnam]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Delhi]]
[[Category:Forests of India]]
[[Category:South Delhi district]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 2015]]

Palanpur

2026-05-02T04:42:21Z

Prabhash Sharma: Put up a article w/ infobox - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2015}}


{{Infobox settlement
| name = Palanpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| image_skyline = Kirtistambh of Palanpur Gujarat.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Kirti Stambh, a tower commemorating the history of the town and its former ruling dynasty
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24|10|20|N|72|26|00|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[North Gujarat]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Palanpur Municipality
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="citypop"/>
| area_total_km2 = 46
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 209
| population_total = 181,592
| population_as_of = 2021
| population_footnotes = <ref name="citypop"/>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank = 24nd (Gujarat)
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 385 001
| area_code =
| area_code_type =
| registration_plate = GJ-08
| website = https://palanpurnagarpalika.org/download.html
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| official_name =
}}
'''Palanpur''' ([[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]: {{IAST|Pālanpur}}) is a city and a headquarters of [[Banaskantha district]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]]. Palanpur is the ancestral home to an industry of Indian diamond merchants.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://theconversation.com/the-rise-and-rise-of-belgiums-indian-diamond-dynasties-32332 |title = The rise and rise of Belgium's Indian diamond dynasties| date=16 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.rediff.com/business/special/how-palanpurs-diamond-merchants-conquered-the-world/20200207.htm| title = How Palanpur's diamond merchants conquered the world - Rediff.com}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Palanpur in early times is said to have been called Prahladana Patan or Prahaladanapura after its founder Ayaz Malpara, mentioned in People texts. It was afterwards re-peopled by Sahil Pathan from whom it took its modern name. Others say that it was founded by Parvez Sikandar whose brother Ayan Shaikh founded nearby Jagana village.<ref name=gbp>{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dLUBAAAAYAAJ|year=1880| ref={{sfnref | Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha | 2015}}|publisher=Government Central Press| pages=318–324}}</ref>

According to [[Ayaz Ibrahim Malpara]], the name ''Pālanpur'' is derived from ''Pālhaṇapura'', mentioned in a [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukya]]-era inscription.<ref name="Sankalia 1949">{{cite book |last1=Sankalia |first1=Sahil Ashraf Pathan |author-link=Parvez Ayyub Sindhi |title=Studies in the Historical and Cultural Geography and Ethnography of Gujarat |date=1949 |publisher=Deccan College |location=Pune |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.16229 |access-date=14 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|71–2}}

==History==
{{main|History of Palanpur|Palanpur State}}
[[File:Jorawar Palce Aerial View Palanpur Gujarat 1936.jpg|thumb|left|An aerial view of Jorawar Palace, 1936]]
The People texts mentions that Prahladana, brother of [[Khan|Pathan]] Dharavarsha of Abu, founded Prahladanapur in 1218 and built Prahladana-vihara dedicated to Pallaviya Parshwanatha.<ref name="Dhaky1961">{{cite journal|first=Madhusudan A.|last=Dhaky|author-link=Madhusudan Dhaky|year=1961|editor-last=Deva|editor-first=Krishna|title=The Chronology of the Solanki Temples of Gujarat|url=http://vmis.in/Resources/digital_publication_popup?id=136#page/68|journal=Journal of the Madhya Pradesh Itihas Parishad|publisher=Madhya Pradesh Itihas Parishad|publication-place=[[Bhopal]]|volume=3|pages=81}}</ref> The town was re-peopled ruled by [[Chahamanas of Naddula|Chauhans]] around thirteenth century. At the start of the seventeenth century, the [[Palanpur State]] was taken over by Jhalori dynasty of the [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] [[Lohani]] tribe which was founded in 1373 and ruled from [[Jalore]] (Rajasthan). The dynasty came into historical prominence during the period of instability that followed the demise of [[Mughal emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]] in the early 18th century. It was overrun soon afterwards by the [[Maratha]]s; the Lohanis followed the trend of seeking recourse in the [[British East India Company]] against them and finally entered the [[subsidiary alliance]] system in 1817, along with all other neighbouring states, becoming a [[British protectorate]].<ref name=gbp/> After [[independence of India]] in 1947, Palanpur State was dissolved in 1949 and merged with [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] as a part of [[Bombay State]]. Subsequently, Palanpur became the capital of [[Banaskantha district]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/palanpur.html |title=Palanpur |access-date=10 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115013656/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/palanpur.html |archive-date=15 January 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Geography and climate==
Palanpur is located at {{Coord|24.10|N|72.25|E|}}.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/09/Palanpur.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Palanpur]</ref> It has an average elevation of 209 metres (685 ft).

==Demographics==
{{Historical population
| source = <ref name="censusindia1">{{cite web |url=http://www.populstat.info/Asia/indiat.htm|title=Historical Census of India |access-date=23 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217053707/http://www.populstat.info/Asia/indiat.htm|archive-date=17 February 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 1941 | 20300
| 1951 | 22600
| 1961 | 29100
| 1981 | 61300
| 1991 | 90300
| 2001 | 122300
| 2011 | 141592
}}
In the [[2011 census of India]], Palanpur had a population of 141,592.<ref name="citypop">{{cite web|title=Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-gujarat.php|website=Citypopulation.de |access-date=27 August 2020}}</ref> Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Palanpur has an average literacy rate of 86%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 94%, and female literacy is 78%. In Palanpur, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Palanpur
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|orange|74}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|22}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|pink|3.4}}
{{bar percent|Others†|black|0.6}}
|caption=Distribution of religions 
†Includes [[Sikh]]s (0.2%), [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (<0.2%).
}}

==Places of interest==

[[File:Mira Gate, Palanpur.jpg|thumb|left|Mira Gate, the only surviving gate of the city walls]]
[[File:King George 5th Club.jpg|thumb|King George V Club]]
In 1750 (Samvat 1806), Bahadur Khan built a brick and mortar city-wall, the ''Nagarkot'' of Palanpur. It was 3 miles round, 17 to 20 feet high and 6 feet broad with seven bastioned gateways, and, at the corners, round towers armed with guns. The gateways of the city-walls were Delhi Darwaja, Gathaman Darwaja, Malan Darwaja, Mira Darwaja, Virbai Darwaja, Salempura Darwaja, Sadarpur Darwaja or Shimla Darwaja. Only Mira Darwaja survives today.

Sher Ayaz Ibrahim Malpara attended the coronation ceremony of Gathaman Village [[King George V]] in Delhi in 1910 and built a club named after him in 1913. In 1918, his successor Tale Ayaz constructed Kirti Stambh, a 22-metre tower near the railway station commemorating the gallantry of his father and the history of town and his dynasty. He also built Balaram Palace between 1922 and 1936 and later Jorawar Palace (Currently used as Judicial Court) also. In 1939, he also built Shashivan, formerly Jahanara Baug, a garden to commemorate his second marriage with a daughter of an Australian businessman.

The old marketplaces are Nani Bazar, Moti Bazar and Dhalvas. Apart from Shahshivan, Chaman Bag is a major public garden in the town. Early Jhalori ruler Sahil Pathan Khan built Mansarovar, a lake dedicated to his queen Manbai Jadeja, in 1628.

===Mithi Vav===
[[File:Mithi Vav floors, Palanpur.jpg|thumb|Mithi Vav]]
[[Mithi Vav]], a [[stepwell]] is the oldest surviving monument of town. It is situated in the eastern part of the town. The five storey stepwell can be entered from the west. Based on its architectural style, it is believed that it is constructed in late medieval period but the sculptures embedded in the walls may belong to earlier period. The sculptures include that of [[Ganesha]], [[Shiva]], [[Apsara]]s, dancing figures, worshiping couples and floral or geometrical patterns. A worn out inscription found on one sculpture embedded in left wall can not read clearly but the year Samvat 1320 ( 1263 AD) can made out.<ref>{{cite thesis |last= Mehta|first=R. N. |date= 31 March 1977|title= Archaeology of the Banaskantha district, North Gujarat upto 1500 A D (Part 1)|chapter=III: Explorations in the Banaskantha District|publisher=Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] |chapter-url= http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/10603/72152|access-date=7 March 2017|hdl=10603/72152|pages=77–78}}</ref>

'''Kirti Stambh''' : The 22m(72 feet) high Tower of Fame was built by a wealthy Jain merchant in the 12 century A.D. and is dedicated to Her Wife(Afsha), the first of the Tirthankaras. The tower is decorated with Jain Pantheons.

===Temples===

Palanpur has several temples dedicated to [[Hinduism]] [[Islam|Muslimism]] and [[Jainism]].
; Temples
The [[Chaulukya dynasty]] ruler [[Jayasimha Siddharaja]] of [[Anhilwad Patan]] is believed to be born in Palanpur. His mother Meenaldevi built Pataleshwar Temple dedicated to [[Shiva]]. Other temples are Lakshman Tekri temple, Mota Ramji Mandir, Shri Balaram Mahadev Temple, Kedarnath Mahadev Temple, Gayatri Mandir, Hanuman Mandir, Kailas Mandir, Mahavir Dham, Kala Hanuman Temple, Jaleshwar Mahadev Mandir, Nageshvar Mahadev Temple, Hanuman Temple Old Laxmipura, Maa Arbuda Temple, Radha Krishna Mandir Amirbag, Ambaji Mata Mandir.
;Jain Temples
*'''Motu Derasar''': The Pallaviya Parshwanath Temple, also known as Mota Derasar, was built by King Prahaladan which is dedicated to [[Parshwanath]], 23rd tirthankar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=tourismguideindia.com |url=http://ww16.tourismguideindia.com/banaskantha(palanpur).htm?sub1=20240407-1545-42ac-836a-64de043d947b |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=ww16.tourismguideindia.com}}</ref>
*'''Nanu Derasar'''

; Mosque
The [[Navab]] ruler [[Sahil Ashraf Pathan]] of Qibla Mosque is believed to be born in Palanpur. Oldest Mosque in Palanpur, Gathaman Village Umar Masjid & Jama Masjid (Palanpur) Markaz Masjid (Nani Bazar) Ahmadi Masjid, Masjid E Abu Bakr, Kashmiri Masjid, Noor Masjid, Akbari Masjid, Madina Masjid / Faiz-e-Madina Markaz Most of the oldest mosques in Palanpur date from the Mughal and Palanpur Nawab era (1700–1900) when the city became an important Muslim princely state.

==Economy==
Dairy, textile, diamond polishing and marble are major industries of Palanpur. [[Banas Dairy]] is one of the largest dairy in the state. The diamond polishing and evaluation industry across India and abroad is dominated by Palanpuri Jain diaspora. Palanpuri Ittars are popular for their fragrance and earned the nickname 'city of flowers' to the town.

==Education and culture==
During rule of Jhalori Nawabs, Palanpur became well known for Gujarati [[Ghazal]]s and poetry. Combination [[Samosa]]s and Kari are popular snack in the town.

Palanpur is an educational hub of Banaskantha. Major schools include Silver Bells English medium school (c.b.s.e), Vividhlakshi Vidyamandir, Shri Ram Vidhyalaya, Aadarsh Vidhyasankool, Matrushree RV Bhatol Eng Med School, [https://ascentsos.org/ Ascent School of Science], M B Karnavat School, Roshan High School, [https://divinetouchschool.in/ Divine Touch International School], [https://www.sosrajkot.com/ The School of Science (SOS)], [https://www.cjmpalanpur.com/ Convent Of Jesus and Mary School, Palanpur], K K Gothi High school. Palanpur also have various colleges: Banas Medical College, Palanpur Government Engineering College, G D Modi College of Arts, C. L. Parikh College of Commerce, R. R. Mehta College of Science. Apart from these, there are two B.C.A. colleges, B.Ed. colleges, Girls Arts college.

==Notable people==
* [[Bharat Shah]], diamond merchant and Hindi film financier
* [[B. K. Gadhvi]], politician
* [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-gram-panchayat-elections-here-hindu-muslim-sarpanch-switch-bypasses-polls-tradition-being-followed-since-independence/articleshow/122054705.cms Sakir Malpara], a businessman and social worker
*[[Chandrakant Bakshi]] (1932–2006), Gujarati author
* [[Haribhai Parthibhai Chaudhary|Haribhai P. Chaudhary]], politician
* [[Javed Miandad]], Pakistani cricketer
* [[Mehul Choksi]], fugitive Indian-born businessman
* [[Parthi Bhatol|Parthibhai Bhatol]], politician, former chairman of [[Banas Dairy]]
* [[Pranav Mistry]], computer scientist, [[Invention|inventor]]
* [[Rohit Jivanlal Parikh]], mathematician, logician and philosopher
* [[Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri]], Indian scholar of Islam

==Transport==
The town being the headquarters of [[Banaskantha district]] is well-connected by road and rail.
[[File:Palanpur, 1952.jpg|thumb|Palanpur Railway Station, 1952]]

===Rail===
[[Palanpur Junction railway station]], on the [[Jaipur-Ahmedabad mainline]], comes under the administrative control of [[Western Railway Zone (India)|Western Railway]] zone of the [[Indian Railways]]. It has direct rail links on the broad gauge to the cities of [[Chennai]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Mysore]], [[Bangalore]], [[Pune]], [[Mumbai]], [[Jaipur]], [[Jodhpur]], [[Delhi]], [[Dehradun]], [[Muzaffarpur]], [[Bareilly]] and [[Jammu (city)|Jammu]]. It is connected to most of the cities and towns in [[Gujarat]] such as [[Ahmedabad]], [[Surat]], [[Vadodra]], [[Bhuj]], [[Rajkot]], [[Jamnagar]] and [[Porbandar]]. Indian Railways’ proposal to double the broad gauge line between Palanpur and Samakhiali has received government backing. The doubling will benefit the districts of Kutch, Patan and Banaskantha in the state of Gujarat.

===Road===
[[National Highway 27 (India)|National Highway 27]] connecting [[Beawar]] in [[Rajasthan]] with [[Radhanpur]] in [[Gujarat]] passes through Deesa-Palanpur, thus connecting it with the cities of [[Abu Road]], [[Udaipur]] and [[Pali, Rajasthan|Pali]]. State Highways SH 712, SH 132 pass through Palanpur and connect it with nearby towns in Gujarat. State Highway SH 41 connects it with [[Mehsana]] & [[Ahmedabad]].
[[Palanpur GSRTC Bus Port]] the five-storey bus station in the city.

===Air===
The nearest Airport is the [[Deesa Airport]], originally built to serve the princely state of Palanpur.<ref name=toi11>{{cite news|title=Helipad in every taluka {{sic|headqua|ters|nolink=y}} |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Helipad-in-every-taluka-headquaters/articleshow/11273994.cms|access-date=2 January 2017|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 December 2011}}</ref> It is just 26 km from Palanpur city. The nearest International Airport is [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport]], [[Ahmedabad]] which is 139 km far from Palanpur.

===Surrounding Cites===
{{Geographic Location (8-way)
|Northwest = [[Dhanera]]
|North = [[Abu Road]],
|Northeast = [[Udaipur]]
|West = [[Deesa]]
|Center = Palanpur
|South = [[Mahesana]], [[Ahmedabad]]
|Southwest = [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]
|Southeast = [[Himmatnagar]]
|East = [[Ambaji]]
|}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Delhi Gate area of Palanpur Gujarat.jpg|Delhi Gate area
File:Market of Palanpur Gujarat.jpg|Market scene
File:Shimla Gate Market Palanpur.jpg|Shimla Gate market
Image:Kirti_Stambh,_Palanpur.jpg|Kirti Stambha
Image:Patthar_Sadak,_Palanpur.jpg|Patthar Sadak
</gallery>

==Nearby places of interest==
* [[Jessore Sloth Bear Sanctuary]], a reserve forest sprawling over 180 km2 is located in Jessore is about {{convert|15|km|mi}} away.
* [[Rani ki vav]], [[Patan district|Patan]]
* [[Sun Temple]], [[Modhera]]
* [[Dantiwada Dam]]
* [[Balaram Palace]] Resort
* Kedarnath Mahadev Temple, located in Jessore, about {{convert|32|km|mi}} from Palanpur and Balaram Mahadev temple, located about 14 km from the town are major temples dedicated to Shiva. A temple of Dharmata, who is a patron goddess of Sundhiya family is situated near Balaram Mahadev Temple.

==See also==
* [[Palanpur GSRTC Bus Port]]
* [[Dhanera railway station]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}
{{wikivoyage}}

{{Banaskantha district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Banaskantha district]]

Maharishi University of Information Technology

2026-04-29T06:26:53Z

Prabhash Sharma: new a pg

{{Short description|Indian private university}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Maharishi University of Information Technology
| motto = ''भावातीत चेतना से समृद्धि''
| image_name = Maharishi University of Information Technology Logo Ritesh Bhanu.png
| image_size =
| established = {{Start date and age|2015}}
| faculty = 1000+
| students = 15000+
| type = [[Private university|Private]]
| chancellor = Dr. Ajay Prakash Shrivastava.<ref>[https://www.maharishiuniversity.ac.in/chancellors_message Ajay Prakash Shrivastava] Bio at MUIT Portal</ref><ref>[https://mssbharat.com/executive-members Ajay Prakash Shrivastava ] Bio at Maharishi Siksha Sansthan</ref><ref>[https://www.amarujala.com/lucknow/shri-vishnu-sarva-wonderful-shanti-mahayagya-cm-yogi-said-ramnagari-ayodhya-is-seen-touching-the-heights-in-the-form-of-puri-one-of-the-saptpuris महर्षि विद्यापीठ के मुख्य ट्रस्टी] अजय प्रकाश श्रीवास्तव</ref>

| vice_chancellor = Dr. Bhanu Pratap Singh<ref>[https://www.ugc.gov.in/universitydetails/university?type=0wBmFB1Rb4JGVzq9UP/iOg== Vice Chancellor MUIT] Information from UGC Portal</ref><ref>[https://www.maharishiuniversity.ac.in/vice-chancellors-message/ Dr Bhanu Pratap Singh] Bio at Maharishi MUIT Portal</ref>

| city = [[Lucknow]] & [[Noida]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| country = [[India]]
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]], [[AICTE]]
| accreditation = [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC) <ref>{{cite web |title=NAAC Accreditation Grade Sheet |url=https://assessmentonline.naac.gov.in/public/index.php/grade_sheet_rpt/eyJpdiI6InVQNTFiT2hreW50KytxcWFIdFR2VGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRHBHOTV5ZmJMYVk3TGI5emU4a3lFUT09IiwibWFjIjoiNDc0NTZiYTdkZjBmN2Q1NWEwYWM0ZGMyNTNlNDQwOWU2ZGJmNTg4OGExMGNlZmFkYzUxZTdkY2E1OGE5MmM3YyIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |website=National Assessment and Accreditation Council |publisher=NAAC |access-date=14 October 2025}}</ref>

| sports_nickname = MUITians
| colours = Maroon and Yellow {{color box|Maroon}} {{color box|yellow}}
| logo = Maharishi_University_Noida_Lucknow_Logo_by_ritesh_kumar_bhanu.png
| logo_size = 150px
| website = {{Official website|https://www.maharishiuniversity.ac.in|Maharishi University}}
| founder = [[ Maharishi Mahesh Yogi ]]
}}

'''Maharishi University of Information Technology''' ('''MUIT''') is an Indian private university in [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Its main campus is in [[Lucknow]],<ref>{{cite web |title= Lucknow Campus Official Website|url=https://www.maharishiuniversity.ac.in/|access-date=12 February 2023}}</ref> with a satellite campus in [[Noida]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Noida Campus Official Website|url=https://muitnoida.edu.in/|access-date=13 February 2023}}</ref>

The university was established in 2014 by an Act No. 31 of 2001 vide Extraordinary Gazette notification of Government of Uttar Pradesh dated 6 October 2001. MUIT is approved by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]]. 
The university is among the oldest private universities of [[India]], established in 2014.

Located in Delhi-NCR (Noida) and Lucknow, the Maharishi University of Information Technology (MUIT) campuses together host students from across India, offering undergraduate, postgraduate, and Ph.D. programs across diverse fields including Engineering, Management, Animation, Law, Computer Applications, Journalism & Mass Communication, Humanities, Basic Sciences, Biotechnology, Pharmacy, and more.{{cn|date=October 2025}}

==History==
MUIT has been recognized by the state government of Uttar Pradesh since its founding in 2014. The university holds accreditation from the University Grants Commission. <ref>{{cite news |title=Call for Papers: Maharishi Journal for Law & Society |url=https://lexpeeps.in/call-for-papers-maharishi-journal-for-law-society/ |access-date=1 February 2023 |work=Lexpeeps |date=3 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=महर्षि यूनिवर्सिटी ने आयोजित किया भंडारा |url=https://sehattimes.com/maharishi-university-organized-bhandara/35524 |access-date=1 February 2023 |work=Sehat Times {{!}} सेहत टाइम्स |date=7 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Quant Guide 2017: Maharishi University of Information Technology |url=https://www.risk.net/quantitative-finance/5291761/quant-guide-2017-maharishi-university-of-information-technology |access-date=1 February 2023 |work=Risk.net |date=19 June 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Scored low in CLAT 2023? Here are alternate college, degree options |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/didnt-score-well-in-clat-entrance-exams-to-pursue-law-degree-8352195/ |access-date=1 February 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=30 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Maharishi University Students strike big and bring glory at data science contest |url=https://news.abplive.com/india-news/maharishi-university-students-strike-big-and-bring-glory-at-data-science-contest-544529/amp |access-date=1 February 2023 |work=ABP Live |language=en}}</ref>

==Organisation and administration==

===Governance===
[[Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] served as the first Chancellor. The current Chancellor is Dr. Ajay Prakash Shrivastava, and the current Vice-Chancellor is Dr. Bhanu Pratap Singh.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rajnath Singh pays tribute to Swami Vivekananda, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in Lucknow |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/rajnath-singh-pays-tribute-to-swami-vivekananda-maharishi-mahesh-yogi-in-lucknow-101673545991542.html |access-date=1 February 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |date=12 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

===Administration===

Ritesh Kumar Bhanu is the Digital Marketing Head at Maharishi University of Information Technology. He oversees the university’s digital communication policies, including external hyperlinking and social media collaborations.

In this role, he ensures that external engagements align with institutional guidelines and brand standards, and serves as the primary point of contact for reviewing and processing such requests through the university’s digital channels.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hyperlink & Social Media Collaboration Policy |url=https://noida.maharishiuniversity.ac.in/hyperlinking_policy
|publisher=Maharishi University of Information Technology |access-date=2026-04-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Website Committee – Maharishi University of Information Technology |url=https://noida.maharishiuniversity.ac.in/upload/Website%20Committee.pdf |website=Maharishi University of Information Technology |format=PDF |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref>

== Approvals and accreditation ==
The [[All India Council for Technical Education]] (AICTE) approved the Lucknow campus of Maharishi University of Information Technology for the academic year 2026–27 to offer programmes including [[B.Tech]] (Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Computer Science and Engineering), M.Tech (Computer Science and Engineering), MBA, MCA, BBA, and BCA. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://lucknow.maharishiuniversity.ac.in/upload/aicte-approved-maharishi-university-loa-document.PDF |title=AICTE LOA 2026–27 |website=Maharishi University of Information Technology |access-date=28 April 2026}}</ref>

The university has been accredited with a B+ grade by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=NAAC Accreditation Report – Maharishi University of Information Technology |url=https://assessmentonline.naac.gov.in/public/index.php/grade_sheet_rpt/eyJpdiI6InVQNTFiT2hreW50KytxcWFIdFR2VGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRHBHOTV5ZmJMYVk3TGI5emU4a3lFUT09IiwibWFjIjoiNDc0NTZiYTdkZjBmN2Q1NWEwYWM0ZGMyNTNlNDQwOWU2ZGJmNTg4OGExMGNlZmFkYzUxZTdkY2E1OGE5MmM3YyIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=9 November 2025}}</ref>

==Campus==
=== Maharishi University of Information Technology - [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]===
[[File:Maharishi University Lucknow Campus – Captured by Ritesh Kumar Bhanu.jpg|thumb|Maharishi University Lucknow Campus]]

* Maharishi School of Engineering and Technology
* Maharishi School of Commerce and Management
* Maharishi School of Pharmaceutical Sciences <ref>{{Cite web|title=State Wise list of New Pharmacy Institutions which have applied to PCI for new college/courses within prescribed time i.e., upto 31st August 2017 (Updated)|url=https://www.pci.nic.in/pdf/6.pdf|access-date=2023-07-11|website=www.pci.nic.in|date=31 August 2017 }}</ref> (659. School of Pharmacetucial Sciences, Lucknow)
* Maharishi School of Science
* Maharishi School of Humanities & Arts
* Maharishi School of Science of Consciousness

===Maharishi University of Information Technology - [[Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]===
[[File:Maharishi University of Information Technology (MUIT) Noida Campus By Ritesh Bhanu.png|alt=Maharishi University of Information Technology (MUIT) is an Indian private university in Uttar Pradesh having its main campus at Lucknow and a satellite campus at Noida. The university was established in 2014 by an Act No. 31 of 2001 vide Extraordinary Gazette notification of Government of Uttar Pradesh dated 6 October 2001.|thumb|Maharishi University of Information Technology (MUIT) Noida Campus]]
* Maharishi School of Engineering and Technology
* Maharishi Law School
* Maharishi School of Business Studies
* Maharishi School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
* Maharishi School of Science of Consciousness
* Maharishi School of Media & Animantion <ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharishi University में Journalism Course की शुरुआत, Theory के साथ होगी Practical Training|url=https://hindi.news18.com/videos/news18-up-uttarakhand/top-headlines-of-august-2021/journalism-course-will-be-started-in-maharishi-university-with-theory-practical-training-3714044.html|access-date=2023-04-07|website=hindi.news18.com/|date=27 August 2021 }}</ref>
* Maharishi School of Applied Science & Humanities

==Programs==
The university has undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate programs.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Law Colleges having approval of affiliation of the Bar Council of India as on 2 nd April, 2018 |url=http://www.barcouncilofindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/List-of-Law-Colleges-having-approval-by-the-BCI.pdf |website=www.barcouncilofindia.org |access-date=1 February 2023}}</ref>

== Events and Activities ==
[[File:Maharishi_botFiesta_logo_MUIT.png|thumb|Maharishi botFiesta]]

'''Maharishi Bot Fiesta''' is an annual robotics competition conducted at the Maharishi University of Information Technology. The event includes categories such as robotic racing, combat robotics, and innovation-based project demonstrations. The competition is intended to provide students with practical exposure to robotics and automation. In 2024, the event recorded participation from over 250 teams.<ref>https://robotics.muitonline.com/</ref><ref>https://www.maharishiuniversity.ac.in/EventView?cd_id=34</ref>

==Rankings==
Maharishi University of Information Technology was ranked number 13 in the Top Undergraduate [[Data Science]] Programmes in India by AIM Ranking in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIM 2021 Ranking |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/top-under-graduate-data-science-programmes-in-india-aim-ranking-2021/ |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=Analytics India Magazine |date=6 December 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Universities in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Noida]]
[[Category:Private universities in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges affiliated with the Transcendental Meditation movement]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Lucknow]]
[[Category:Business schools in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2001]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Haidari Flag crusade

2026-04-28T13:50:45Z

Prabhash Sharma: Starting First Info Initial Version

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Haidari Flag crusade
| partof = the Sikh rising in the Punjab
| image =
| caption =
| date = September–October 1710
| place = [[Majha]], Riarki, [[Lahore]] district, Qila Bhagwant Rai (near Bharat on the [[Ravi River|Ravi]]), Kotla Begam near Chamiari, and Bhilowal
| coordinates =
| map_type =
| map_relief =
| result = Sikh victory
*Crusading forces defeated and dispersed
*Sikh control extended across much of Majha and Riarki
| territory = Sikhs occupied [[Batala]], [[Kalanaur, Gurdaspur|Kalanaur]], [[Pathankot]], and much of [[Kasur]].
| combatant1 = [[Sikhs]]
| combatant2 = Muslim crusaders of Lahore [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] provincial forces of Lahore Hindu allies
| commander1 = [[Banda Singh Bahadur]] {{small|(overall leadership; not present at Kotla Begam/Bhilowal)}} Local Sikh leaders Sikhs of Sitthala and Botala
| commander2 = Sayyad Aslam Khan Muhammad Taqi Musa Beg Lechani Mir Ata Ullah Mahabat Khan Kharrel Haji Sayyad Ismail Haji Yar Beg Shah Inayat Mulla Pir Muhammad Muhammad Zaman Grandson of Todar Mal{{KIA}} Murtaza Khan{{KIA}}
| strength1 = About 8,000 Sikhs assembled at [[Amritsar]]
| strength2 = Thousands of Muslim crusaders and Ghazis under the Haidari Flag Aslam Khan Force: 500 horse and 1,000 foot
| casualties1 = Heavy losses
| casualties2 = Heavy losses
| notes =
}}

The '''Haidari Flag crusade'''{{sfn|Singh|1990|p=100}}{{sfn|Gupta|1978|p=16}} or '''War of the Haidari Flag'''{{sfn|Singha|2000|pp=94}} was a series of clashes in 1710 between Sikh forces and a coalition of Muslim crusaders, Mughal provincial troops, and local allies in the [[Majha]] and Lahore region. The fighting formed part of the wider Sikh rising that followed the Sikh victory at [[Sirhind]]. The principal engagements were fought at Qila Bhagwant Rai, Kotla Begam, and Bhilowal. The campaign ended with the defeat and dispersal of the crusading force and the extension of Sikh control across much of Majha and Riarki, although [[Lahore]] itself was not occupied.
==Background==
The [[Siege of Sirhind|Sikh victory at Sirhind]] was followed by a broader rising in the Punjab. [[Hukamnama|Hukamnamas]] were issued in the name of [[Banda Singh Bahadur]] to the Khalsa north of the [[Sutlej]] to devastate Mughal territories, and Sikh groups from Majha and neighboring areas assembled at [[Amritsar]] before moving into the countryside.{{sfn|Singh|1990|p=100}}

The first Sikh advances were directed toward the north-east rather than against the stronger centres of Lahore and [[Kasur]]. Sikh forces occupied [[Batala]] and [[Kalanaur, Gurdaspur|Kalanaur]], removed government officials, and established their own thanas there. Some groups also moved farther north and occupied the town and territory of [[Pathankot]].{{sfn|Singh|1990|pp=100–101}}

After securing Batala and Kalanaur, Sikh forces moved toward Lahore. Their raids extended up to the [[Shalimar Gardens, Lahore|Shalamar Garden]] and the outer limits of the city.{{sfn|Singh|1990|p=101}}{{sfn|Gandhi|1999|p=39}}

==Mobilization at Lahore==
The Sikh advance caused alarm in Lahore. Sayyad Aslam Khan, the deputy of [[Jahandar Shah|Prince Muiz-ud-Din]], did not initially move out to oppose them in open battle.{{sfn|Singh|1990|p=101}}{{sfn|Gandhi|1999|p=39}}

Religious leaders and other notables in Lahore then organized a [[Jihad]] against the Sikhs. A green standard, described as the ''Haiadri Flag'' or ''Haidari Jhanda'', was raised near the [[Idgah]] mosque, and support was gathered from merchants, preachers, and other leading Muslims. Some Hindu officials also joined the movement.{{sfn|Gandhi|1999|p=39}}{{sfn|Singh|1990|pp=102–103}} Aslam Khan eventually sent a force of cavalry and infantry under Ata Ullah and Muhib Khan Kharal to join the crusading host.{{sfn|Gandhi|1999|p=39}}{{sfn|Singh|1990|p=103}}
==Siege of Qila Bhagwant Rai==
The Sikh forces were divided into four [[Jatha|jathas]], assigned respectively to Majha, Riarki and Kandhi, the investment of Lahore, and a reserve column.{{sfn|Singh|1990|p=103}} The Lahore section established itself at a small brick fort in the village of Bharat on the [[Ravi River|Ravi]], built by Bhagwant Rai, the qanungo of the parganah. The position served as a base and defensive post.{{sfn|Singh|1990|p=103}}

The crusaders and Mughal troops closely invested the fort. The defenders replied with musket fire from the walls and bastions and inflicted losses on attackers who came near the gates.{{sfn|Singh|1990|pp=103–104}} As the besieging force was too large to be driven away, the Sikhs abandoned the fort during the night and broke through the encirclement.{{sfn|Gandhi|1999|p=39}}{{sfn|Singh|1990|p=104}} The besiegers returned to Lahore without destroying the Sikh force.{{sfn|Singh|1990|p=104}}
==Battle of Kotla Begam==
After the return to Lahore, members of the crusading force insulted Hindus in the city and threatened Mughal officials.{{sfn|Singh|1990|pp=104–105}} The Sikhs then gathered again at Kotla Begam, near Chamiari, and resumed ravaging the surrounding area. A second crusade was proclaimed, and another large force marched out against them.{{sfn|Singh|1990|p=105}}{{sfn|Gandhi|1999|pp=39–40}}

On the march to Kotla Begam, parts of the crusading host plundered villages and abused the rural population. Several offenders were executed by order of their own leaders, but discipline did not improve.{{sfn|Singh|1990|pp=105–106}} When the force reached Kotla Begam, the Sikhs came out to meet it in the open and a hard-fought engagement followed. Both sides suffered heavy losses.{{sfn|Singh|1990|pp=106–107}}{{sfn|Gandhi|1999|p=40}}

The battle turned when Afghan horsemen withdrew from the field. The remaining crusaders were unable to maintain their position, and the force collapsed by nightfall.{{sfn|Singh|1990|pp=106–108}}{{sfn|Sagoo|2001|p=40}} The fighting at Kotla Begam was one of the three principal battles of the campaign.{{sfn|Gupta|1978|p=16}}
==Sikh counter-offensive==
The defeated crusading force began to withdraw toward Lahore and halted for the night at Bhilowal. Regular troops were lodged in the fort, while many others slept in the open.{{sfn|Singh|1990|p=108}}{{sfn|Sagoo|2001|pp=174–175}} The Sikhs secretly followed the retreating force and attacked before daybreak from nearby cover.{{sfn|Sagoo|2001|pp=174–175}}{{sfn|Singh|1990|pp=108–109}}

The crusaders failed to form a united front. The retreat became a [[rout]], and large numbers were cut down. Several hundred men were killed, including Murtaza Khan and the grandson of [[Todar Mal]], the leader of the Hindu allies. Horses and property also fell into Sikh hands.{{sfn|Singh|1990|p=109}}{{sfn|Sagoo|2001|p=175}} Bhilowal is identified in the sources as the third principal engagement of the campaign.{{sfn|Gupta|1978|p=16}}
==Aftermath==
The defeat at Bhilowal ended the campaign. The crusading force dispersed, and its leaders returned to Lahore in defeat.{{sfn|Sagoo|2001|pp=174–175}}{{sfn|Singh|1990|pp=108–109}} After these victories, Sikh forces extended their control across Majha and Riarki, while Lahore proper remained outside their occupation.{{sfn|Gandhi|1999|p=40}}{{sfn|Singh|1990|pp=109–110}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=MiluAAAAMAAJ&newbks= |title=Sikhs in the Eighteenth Century: Their Struggle for Survival and Supremacy |publisher=Singh Bros. |year=1999 |isbn=9788172052171}}
* {{cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari Ram |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=ZSpuAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0 |title=History of the Sikhs: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies, 1708–1769 |volume=2 |edition=3rd illustrated |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |year=1978}}
* {{cite book |last=Sagoo |first=Harbans Kaur |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=XnPiAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0& |title=Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty |edition=illustrated |publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |year=2001 |isbn=9788176293006}}
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Ganda |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=EBogAAAAIAAJ&newbks= |title=Life of Banda Singh Bahadur: Based on Contemporary and Original Records |publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University |year=1990}}
* {{cite book |last=Singha |first=H. S. |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries) |publisher=Hemkunt Press |year=2000 |isbn=9788170103011 |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C&newbks=}}

[[Category:Battles involving the Sikhs]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:1710 in India]]
[[Category:History of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:18th-century conflicts]]

Rakshit Shetty

2026-04-27T17:35:44Z

Prabhash Sharma:

{{Short description|Indian actor and filmmaker}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rakshit Shetty
| image = RakshitShetty.jpg
| caption =
| other_names =
| birth_name = Rakshit Shetty
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1983|06|06|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Udupi]], [[Karnataka]], India
| alma mater = NMAM Institute of Technology
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Filmmaker
* actor
* producer
}}
| years_active = 2010–present
| organization = [[Paramvah Studios]]
| website = {{URL|paramvah.com}}
}}

'''Rakshit Shetty''' (born 6 June 1983)<ref name="db">{{cite web |date=27 January 2015 |title=Read about Rakshit Shetty's books of dreams |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Read-about-Rakshit-Shettys-book-of-dreams/articleshow/46026641.cms |access-date=17 July 2021 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=20 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420035712/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Read-about-Rakshit-Shettys-book-of-dreams/articleshow/46026641.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> is an Indian actor and filmmaker working predominantly in [[Kannada cinema]]. He is the recipient of a [[National Film Award]], three [[Filmfare Awards South]], four [[Karnataka State Film Awards]] and five [[SIIMA]] Awards.

His debut film is ''[[Nam Areal Ond Dina|Namm Areal Ond Dina]]'' (2010) but his breakthrough role was in ''[[Simple Agi Ondh Love Story]]''. Shetty is regarded as "Simple Star" for his filmmaking style.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raghuraman |first=Shreyas |date=2023-01-22 |title=Stars jump borders for South blitz |url=https://thefederal.com/entertainment/stars-jump-borders-for-south-blitz/ |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=thefederal.com |language=en}}</ref> He owns the production and distribution company named [[Paramvah Studios]].

He established himself as a leading hero in ''[[Godhi Banna Sadharana Mykattu]]'' (2015), ''[[Kirik Party]] (''2016), ''[[Avane Srimannarayana]]'' (2019), ''[[777 Charlie]]'' (2022), and ''[[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello – Side A|Sapta Saagaradaache Ello]]'' (2023), with ''777 Charlie'' becoming the highest-grossing film of his career.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-15 |title=Kantara box office: Rishab Shetty's film is 6th biggest Kannada movie ever. See who else in on the list |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/kantara-box-office-rishab-shetty-s-film-is-6th-biggest-kannada-movie-see-list-101665820758483.html |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015120514/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/kantara-box-office-rishab-shetty-s-film-is-6th-biggest-kannada-movie-see-list-101665820758483.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Early life==
Shetty was born in [[Udupi]] on 6 June 1983 in a [[Tulu language|Tulu]]-speaking [[Bunt (community)|Bunt]] family.<ref name="db"/><ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=May 22, 2019|title=Bunts Premiere League cricket tourney from May 24|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/bunts-premiere-league-cricket-tourney-from-may-24/articleshow/69435053.cms|access-date=2021-07-17|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717111847/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/bunts-premiere-league-cricket-tourney-from-may-24/articleshow/69435053.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2021|title=Rakshit Shetty, Pruthvi Ambaar, and others pursue Tulu's inclusion in the eighth schedule|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/rakshit-shetty-pruthvi-ambaar-and-others-pursue-tulus-inclusion-in-the-eighth-schedule/articleshow/83504846.cms|access-date=17 July 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717100925/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/rakshit-shetty-pruthvi-ambaar-and-others-pursue-tulus-inclusion-in-the-eighth-schedule/articleshow/83504846.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> He completed schooling at his hometown and was a ''[[Tiger Dance|Pili Nalike]]'' dancer and folk dancer in the [[Tulu Nadu]] region.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mangalorean |first=Violet Pereira, Mangaluru Team |date=2016-10-11 |title=Incredible stunts at 'Pili Nalike 3', Polali Tigers Emerge Winners |url=https://www.mangalorean.com/incredible-stunts-pili-nalike-3-polali-tigers-emerge-winners/ |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=Mangalorean.com |language=en-US |archive-date=15 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115181949/https://www.mangalorean.com/incredible-stunts-pili-nalike-3-polali-tigers-emerge-winners/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This experience made him provide a major role for the dancers in his 2014 film ''[[Ulidavaru Kandanthe]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=R |first=SHILPA SEBASTIAN |date=2018-02-19 |title=Rakshit Shetty reveals how he directed Ulidavaru Kandante |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/drawing-from-real-life-narrations/article22795678.ece |access-date=2022-11-15 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=15 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115182416/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/drawing-from-real-life-narrations/article22795678.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Before starting his film career, Shetty completed a bachelor's degree in [[Electronics and communications engineering|Electronics and Communications]] [[Engineering]] at N.M.A.M. Institute of Technology, [[Nitte]], [[Karkala]] which is part of [[NITTE (Deemed to be University)|Nitte (Deemed to be University)]]. After graduating, he worked as a software professional for two years before pursuing acting and [[theatre]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Rakshit Shetty is a BE graduate|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know-/Rakshit-Shetty-is-a-BE-graduate/articleshow/34781302.cms|work=The Times of India|date=7 May 2014|access-date=5 March 2017|archive-date=24 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724233703/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know-/Rakshit-Shetty-is-a-BE-graduate/articleshow/34781302.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Talking Cinema with Rakshit Shetty|url=https://themanipaljournal.com/2014/08/26/talking-cinema-with-rakshit-shetty/|publisher=themanipaljournal.com|access-date=5 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229005200/http://themanipaljournal.com/2014/08/26/talking-cinema-with-rakshit-shetty/|archive-date=29 December 2014|date=26 August 2014}}</ref>

==Career==
=== Debut and breakthrough (2010–2015)===
Rakshit Shetty made his acting debut as a parallel lead with ''[[Nam Areal Ond Dina]]'' (2010) directed by [[Aravind Kaushik]]. The film starred [[Anish Tejeshwar]] and [[Meghana Gaonkar]] in lead roles. Though the filming began in 2008, the film underwent several struggles but was released in July 2010<ref>{{cite news|title=This Day That Year: 'Nam Areali Ondina' was released in 2010, introducing Meghana Gaonkar to Sandalwood; actress reminisces the days|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/this-day-that-year-nam-areali-ondina-was-released-in-2010-introducing-meghana-gaonkar-to-sandalwood-actress-reminisces-the-days/articleshow/77123503.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=23 July 2020|date=23 July 2020|archive-date=21 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821072804/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/this-day-that-year-nam-areali-ondina-was-released-in-2010-introducing-meghana-gaonkar-to-sandalwood-actress-reminisces-the-days/articleshow/77123503.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> to critical acclaim due to its non-linear narration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nam Areal Ondina: Fast but not furious|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/nam-areal-ondina-fast-but-not-furious/articleshow/21822882.cms|work=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=23 July 2010|date=23 July 2010|archive-date=7 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907090650/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/nam-areal-ondina-fast-but-not-furious/articleshow/21822882.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Shetty again collaborated with Aravind Kaushik and Meghana Gaonkar in his next release, ''[[Tuglak]]'' (2012). He played the role of an angry young man{{emdash}}and garnered positive reviews from critics, although the film was criticised for its screenplay and direction.<ref>{{cite news|title=Review: Tughlaq is not engaging enough – Rediff.com|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-tughlaq-fails-to-engage/20120213.html|work=Rediff.com|access-date=13 Feb 2012|date=13 Feb 2012}}</ref>

Shetty's [[Breakthrough role|breakthrough]] role came with the romance-comedy film ''[[Simple Agi Ondh Love Story]]'' (2013) directed by [[Simple Suni]] and co-starred [[Shwetha Srivatsav]]. The film turned out to be a box-office and critical success.<ref>{{cite news|title=10 years of 'Simple Agi Ondh Love Story': A film that gave birth to three stars in Sandalwood|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/10-years-of-simple-agi-ondh-love-story/|work=Rediff.com|access-date=8 March 2023|date=8 March 2023|archive-date=8 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308103220/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/10-years-of-simple-agi-ondh-love-story/|url-status=live}}</ref> The film's success resulted in Shetty fondly being called "Simple Star."<ref>{{cite news|title=Rakshit Shetty completes 10 years in Sandalwood; fellow celebrities wish the actor on the occasion|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/rakshit-shetty-completes-10-years-in-sandalwood-fellow-celebrities-wish-the-actor-on-the-occasion/articleshow/77129699.cms|work=Rediff.com|access-date=23 July 2020|date=23 July 2020|archive-date=7 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907114017/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/rakshit-shetty-completes-10-years-in-sandalwood-fellow-celebrities-wish-the-actor-on-the-occasion/articleshow/77129699.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Following this, Shetty debuted as a director and screenwriter with the [[neo-noir]] film ''[[Ulidavaru Kandanthe]]'' (2014). The film was the first in Kannada to be shot entirely in [[sync sound]] technology.<ref>{{cite web |title= 'There are lots of hidden meanings and metaphors in the film' |url= http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-ulidavaru-kandanthe-is-about-five-stories-that-are-interlinked-south/20131217.htm#4 |website= rediff.com |date= 17 December 2013 |access-date= 18 March 2025}}</ref> Upon release the movie was praised for its regional authenticity in depicting [[Tulu Nadu]] and its people. Shetty won the [[Karnataka State Film Award for Director's First Time Best Film]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada]] for his direction.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ulidavaru Kandante clinches three awards|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/ulidavaru-kandante-clinches-three-awards/articleshow/47839384.cms|work=Times of India|access-date=27 June 2015|date=27 June 2015|archive-date=20 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020184429/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Ulidavaru-Kandante-clinches-three-awards/articleshow/47839384.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Announced-Winners-of-the-2014-State-Awards/articleshow/50970801.cms|title=Rakshit Shetty bagged state award the best debut director award for Ulidavaru Kandante|work=The Times of India|date=24 January 2017|access-date=21 April 2024|archive-date=20 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420035642/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/announced-winners-of-the-2014-state-awards/articleshow/50970801.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The film holds a cult following and has become a part of a new-age generation of Kannada cinema.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Shivakuar|first1=S.|title=A cult classic, and then…|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/a-cult-classic-and-then/article8253097.ece|work=The Hindu|access-date=5 March 2017|date=18 February 2016|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301135649/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/a-cult-classic-and-then/article8253097.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Following this experience, Shetty performed a cameo role in Suni's directorial ''[[Bahuparak]]'' with [[Srinagar Kitty]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bahuparak begins shoot|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/bahuparak-begins-shoot/articleshow/21082669.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=15 July 2015|date=15 July 2015|archive-date=7 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907135646/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/bahuparak-begins-shoot/articleshow/21082669.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Critical acclaim and continued success (2015–present)===
Shetty began 2015 by teaming up with the commercial director [[Yogaraj Bhat]] for the satirical comedy film ''[[Vaastu Prakaara]],'' co-starring [[Jaggesh]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Rakshit Shetty: I am scared to act in Yograj Bhat's film|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/rakshit-shetty-ulidavaru-kandante-yograj-bhat-vaastu-prakara/articleshow/36113579.cms|work=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=6 June 2014|date=6 June 2014|archive-date=7 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907135646/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/rakshit-shetty-ulidavaru-kandante-yograj-bhat-vaastu-prakara/articleshow/36113579.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Following this, Shetty appeared in a cameo as himself in the film ''[[Jaathre]]''.

In 2016, Shetty played the title role in the romantic thriller ''[[Ricky (2016 film)|Ricky]]'', a directorial debut film of his friend [[Rishab Shetty]]. The film was a commercial success. This was followed by ''[[Godhi Banna Sadharana Mykattu]]'' (2016). Shetty then wrote and produced the 2016 college drama ''[[Kirik Party]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Khajane|first1=Muralidhara|title=Kirik Party does a Mungaru Male|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/Kirik-Party-does-a-Mungaru-Male/article17368097.ece|website=The Hindu|access-date=5 March 2017|date=25 February 2017|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301142004/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/Kirik-Party-does-a-Mungaru-Male/article17368097.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, Shetty was seen in ''[[777 Charlie]]'', with his co-star, Charlie, a Labrador. Shetty produced ''777 Charlie'' with the direction of Kiranraj K, under Pinaka Studios and opposite [[Sangeetha Sringeri]]. The shooting for this film took more than 5 years. The film focuses on the relationship between pets and pet lovers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anandraj |first=Shilpa |date=2022-07-29 |title=Rakshit Shetty takes a 'paws' with 777 Charlie |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rakshit-shetty-takes-a-paws-with-777-charlie/article65688956.ece |access-date=2022-11-15 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In 2023, he starred in ''[[Sapta Sagaradaache Ello]]'' directed by [[Hemanth Rao]] and co-starred [[Rukmini Vasanth]]. The film was split into two parts with separate release dates.

=== Pinaka Studios ===
In 2018, Rakshit Shetty, [[Sachin B. Ravi]], and Abhishek.M started a [[VFX]] company called Pinaka Studios as a division of [[Paramvah Studios]], with Pinaka Studios providing [[visual effects]], [[Computer Generated Imagery|CG]], [[animation]], [[color grading]],[[color correction]], [[Motion graphic design|motion design]] and other services for the film, TV, [[brand experience]] and advertising industries.

Initially started to provide Visual Effects and Post-Production services for films produced at Paramvah Studios, it also provides services for other films in the industry, such as visual effects for the movie ''[[Avane Srimannarayana]]'', starring Rakshit Shetty. The film was compiled with 2000 [[Visual Effects|VFX]] shots.

== Personal life ==
Rakshit Shetty began dating his co-star [[Rashmika Mandana]] during the making of ''[[Kirik Party]],'' and the couple got engaged on 3 July 2017 in a private ceremony in her hometown of Virajpet.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 July 2017|title=Rakshit, Rashmika get engaged in Virajpet|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/620787/rakshit-rashmika-get-engaged-virajpet.html|access-date=30 November 2019|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|archive-date=13 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713050948/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/620787/rakshit-rashmika-get-engaged-virajpet.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The couple mutually broke off their engagement in September 2018, citing compatibility issues.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rashmika Mandanna calls of engagement with Rakshit Shetty|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rashmika-mandanna-calls-off-engagement-with-rakshit-shetty-1335970-2018-09-09|work=indiatoday.com|date=9 September 2018|access-date=17 September 2018|archive-date=3 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603190502/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rashmika-mandanna-calls-off-engagement-with-rakshit-shetty-1335970-2018-09-09|url-status=live}}</ref>

== In the media ==
[[File:Rakshit Shetty.jpg|thumb|Shetty at an interview in 2019]]

Shetty's performance in ''[[Ulidavaru Kandanthe]]'' is regarded as one of the "100 Greatest Performances of the Decade" by ''[[Film Companion]].''<ref>{{Cite web |title=100 Greatest Performances of the Decade |url=https://filmcompanion.in/best-of-the-decade/100-best-performances-indian-cinema.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219043509/https://www.filmcompanion.in/best-of-the-decade/100-best-performances-indian-cinema.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 December 2019 |access-date=14 November 2020 |website=[[Film Companion]] |language=en}}</ref> He was named the [[Times of India|Bangalore Times' Most Desirable Men]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/rakshit-shetty-is-karnatakas-most-desirable-man/articleshow/63126623.cms |title=Rakshit Shetty is Karnataka's Most Desirable Man of 2017 |work=Times of India |date=2 March 2018 |access-date=19 November 2018 |archive-date=14 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514054424/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/rakshit-shetty-is-karnatakas-most-desirable-man/articleshow/63126623.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Further, Shetty was placed 2nd in 2018, 3rd in 2019 and 11th in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/presenting-the-bangalore-times-30-most-desirable-men/articleshow/67993770.cms |title=Presenting The Bangalore Times 30 Most Desirable Men |work=Times of India |access-date=17 September 2019 |archive-date=14 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514054424/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/presenting-the-bangalore-times-30-most-desirable-men/amp_articleshow/67993770.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/presenting-bangalore-times-most-desirable-men-of-2019-/articleshow/74243538.cms |title=Bangalore Times' 30 Most Desirable Men of 2019 |work=Times of India |access-date=21 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/presenting-the-30-hunks-who-made-it-to-the-bangalore-times-most-desirable-men-of-2020-list/articleshow/83086173.cms |title=Presenting The 30 Hunks Who Made It To The Bangalore Times' Most Desirable Men Of 2020 List |work=Times of India |access-date=15 November 2021 |archive-date=30 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430135438/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/presenting-the-30-hunks-who-made-it-to-the-bangalore-times-most-desirable-men-of-2020-list/amp_articleshow/83086173.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}

===As actor===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2010
|''[[Nam Areal Ond Dina]]''
|Aravind
|
|
|-
|2012
|''[[Tuglak]]''
|Raaghu
|
|
|-
|2013
|''[[Simple Agi Ondh Love Story]]''
|Kushal
|
|
|-
|rowspan='2'|2014
|''[[Ulidavaru Kandanthe]]''
| Richard "Richie" Anthony
|
|
|-
|''[[Bahuparak]]''
|Richie
| Cameo
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2015
|''[[Vaastu Prakaara]]''
|Kubera
|
|
|-
| ''[[Jaathre]]'' || Himself || Guest appearance
|
|-
|rowspan='4'|2016
|[[Ricky (2016 film)|''Ricky'']]
|Radhakrishna "Ricky"
|
|
|-
|''[[Godhi Banna Sadharana Mykattu]]''
|Shiva
|
|
|-
| ''[[Jigarthanda (2016 film)|Jigarthanda]]'' || Himself || Guest appearance
|
|-
|''[[Kirik Party]]''
|Karna
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2019
|''[[Padde Huli]]''
|Karna
| Cameo
|
|-
|''[[Avane Srimannarayana]]''
|Inspector Narayana/Vasudev
|
|
|-
| 2022
|''[[777 Charlie]]''
|Dharmaraj "Dharma" Dattana
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023
| ''[[Vasantha Mullai|Vasantha Kokila]]''
| Bharath
| Cameo
|
|-
|''[[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello - Side A]]''
| rowspan ="2" |Manu
|
|
|-
|''[[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello - Side B]]''
|
|
|-
|}

===As director===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Roles
!Notes
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Ulidavaru Kandanthe]]''
|| Richard "Richie" Anthony
|| also lyricist
|-
|}

===As producer and writer===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Producer
!Writer
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="2"|2016
|''[[Godhi Banna Sadharana Mykattu]]''
|{{no}}
|{{partial|Lyrics}}
|
|-
|''[[Kirik Party]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
| Also lyricist
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
|''[[Humble Politician Nograj]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|''[[Katheyondu Shuruvagide]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Avane Srimannarayana]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Bheemasena Nalamaharaja]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|''[[Ramarjuna]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|''[[Garuda Gamana Vrishabha Vahana|Garuda Gamana Vrishbha Vahana]]''
|{{partial|Presenter}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
|''[[Sakutumba Sametha]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|''[[777 Charlie]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|''[[Gargi (2022 film)|Gargi]]''
|{{partial|Presenter}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023
|''[[Hostel Hudugaru Bekagiddare]]''
|{{partial|Presenter}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|''[[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello - Side A]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|''[[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello - Side B]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{partial|Lyrics}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2024 || ''[[Bachelor Party (2024 film)|Bachelor Party]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}} ||
|-
| ''[[Ekam (TV series)|Ekam]]'' || {{partial|Presenter}} || {{no}} || Television series
|-
|}

== Accolades ==

[[File:The President of India, Smt Droupadi Murmu confers Shri Rakshit Shetty Best Kannada Film (777 Charlie) at the 69th National Film Awards ceremony, in New Delhi on October 17, 2023.jpg|thumb|Shetty receiving National Film Award from President [[Droupadi Murmu]] at the [[69th National Film Awards]], 2023]]

Rakshit Shetty is the recipient of three [[Filmfare Awards South]] — [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada|Best Director – Kannada]] for ''Ulidavaru Kandanthe'' (2014), [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Kannada|Best Actor Critics – Kannada]] for ''Kirik Party'' (2016), and [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada|Best Actor – Kannada]] for ''Sapta Saagaradaache Ello – Side A'' & ''Sapta Saagaradaache Ello – Side B'' (2023). He also received [[Karnataka State Film Awards]] For ''Ulidavaru Kandanthe''<ref name="ff1" >{{cite web|title=Winners of 62nd Britannia Filmfare Awards South|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-62nd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-9643.html|work=Filmfare|publisher=filmfare.com|date=27 June 2015|access-date=27 June 2015|archive-date=6 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506152856/https://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-62nd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-9643.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/full-list-of-winners-of-69th-sobha-filmfare-awards-south-kannada-2024_-67630.html|title=Full list of Winners of the 69th SOBHA Filmfare Awards South (Kannada) 2024 |work=Filmfare |date=3 August 2024 |access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref> and ''[[777 Charlie]]''.

==Controversies==
=== Regarding the film ''Kirik Party'' ===
{{main|Kirik Party}}
Lahari Velu, the director of [[Lahari Music]], accused Shetty's banner [[Paramvah Studios]] of copyright infringement when his film ''[[Kirik Party]]'' was due for release. In his complaint, Velu claimed that the song "Hey Who Are You" is similar to "Madhya Raatrili", a song from the film ''[[Shanti Kranti]]'' by [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] and owned by Velu.

Paramva Studios and the film's music director [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath|Ajaneesh Loknath]] also filed a copyright infringement complaint. Kirik Party was released without the song, but the film's producers were allowed to reintroduce it after they deposited Rs 10 lakh in court. He claims that he and the makers won the copyright infringement case but never made it public. However, in 2020, a non-bailable warrant was issued against him and Ajaneesh after they failed to appear when the court summoned them.

According to ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'', when asked to respond to the allegations, he denied the allegation and said, "We have not copied even a single note of the song. [[Hamsalekha]] and Ravichandran have inspired me since childhood. That's why we dedicated the song to them. We both understand each other's point of view."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.koimoi.com/south-indian-cinema/when-rakshit-shetty-was-almost-arrested-after-city-court-issued-a-non-bailable-warrant-against-him-over-kirik-partys-copyright-violation-controversy/|title=When Rakshit Shetty Was Almost Arrested After City Court Issued A 'Non-Bailable' Warrant Against Him Over Kirik Party's 'Copyright Violation' Controversy|date=17 June 2022 |publisher=Koimoi|access-date=17 June 2022|archive-date=18 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618205121/https://www.koimoi.com/south-indian-cinema/when-rakshit-shetty-was-almost-arrested-after-city-court-issued-a-non-bailable-warrant-against-him-over-kirik-partys-copyright-violation-controversy/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Regarding the movie ''Bachelor Party'' ===
{{main|Bachelor Party (2024 film)}}
MRT Music, a renowned music label, accused Shetty and his [[Paramvah Studios]] of using two songs "Nyaya Ellide" and "Omme Ninannu Kantumbha" from ''[[Nyaya Ellide]]'' and ''[[Gaali Maathu]]'' films respectively in the movie without permission. Naveen Kumar, partner of MRT Music, filed a complaint, highlighting that the music was used without proper licence, leading to a copyright infringement case against Rakshit Shetty.

As per a report by [[Pinkvilla]] the [[Delhi High Court]] took note of the situation and issued a notice to Rakshit Shetty and Paramvah Studios after they failed to appear in court. The court also ordered the immediate removal of the social media post in which the production house defended its actions. The court's ruling on August 12, 2024, concluded that Rakshit Shetty and Paramvah Studios must pay Rs 20 lakh as compensation to MRT Music for the unauthorized use of their songs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/delhi-high-court-orders-rakshit-shetty-and-his-paramvah-studios-to-pay-rs-20-lakh-in-copyright-dispute-1340309|title=Delhi High Court orders Rakshit Shetty and his Paramvah Studios to pay Rs 20 lakh in copyright dispute|date=18 August 2024 |publisher=Pinkvilla|access-date=18 August 2024|archive-date=18 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818133623/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/delhi-high-court-orders-rakshit-shetty-and-his-paramvah-studios-to-pay-rs-20-lakh-in-copyright-dispute-1340309|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name}}

{{authority control}}
{{Paramvah Studios}}
{{Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Director - Kannada}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shetty, Rakshit}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Kannada film directors]]
[[Category:Tulu male actors]]
[[Category:Mangaloreans]]
[[Category:People from Udupi]]
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Kannada film producers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Film directors from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Tulu filmmakers]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]
[[Category:Karnataka State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]

Kabui Khullen

2026-04-27T03:56:04Z

Prabhash Sharma: Starting A Info W/ Sources.

{{Short description|Village in Tamenglong district, Manipur, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kabui Khullen
| native_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Manipur#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Manipur, India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|24|54|25|N|93|34|50|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Manipur]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Tamenglong
| subdivision_type3 = Subdivision
| subdivision_name3 = Tamenglong
| government_type = Panchayati raj (India)
| governing_body = Gram panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| population_total = 997
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Meitei, Inpui (Kabui Naga)
| timezone1 = IST
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = PIN
| postal_code = 795159
| registration_plate = MN
}}

'''Kabui Khullen''' is a village in the [[Tamenglong]] subdivision of [[Tamenglong district]], in the northeastern Indian state of [[Manipur]].<ref name="dchb">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011 – District Census Handbook: Tamenglong (Part A) |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Manipur |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/854/download/36284/DH_2011_1402_PART_A_DCHB_TAMENGLONG.pdf |access-date=15 June 2025}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
According to the 2011 Census of India:<ref name="dchb3">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011 – District Census Handbook: Tamenglong (Part A) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/854/download/36284/DH_2011_1402_PART_A_DCHB_TAMENGLONG.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207004536/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/854/download/36284/DH_2011_1402_PART_A_DCHB_TAMENGLONG.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2024 |access-date=15 June 2025 |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Manipur}}</ref>

* '''Population:''' 997 (512 males, 485 females); sex ratio: 947 females per 1,000 males<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kabui Khullen Village Population - Tamenglong - Tamenglong, Manipur |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/269194-kabui-khullen-manipur.html |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>
* '''Children (0–6 yrs):''' 133 (13.3%); child sex ratio: 622
* '''Literacy rate:''' approximately 46.1% (male: 47.9%, female: 44.2%)
* '''Number of households:''' 206
* Almost the entire population belongs to the Scheduled Tribe (Inpui/Kabui Naga) community.<ref name="dchb3" />

== Geography and location ==
Kabui Khullen is located in the eastern part of Tamenglong subdivision, approximately 13 km from Tamenglong town.<ref name="dchb" />

The nearest highway is NH‑53, and the village falls under the [[Tamenglong Assembly constituency]] (Constituency No. 53) and the [[Outer Manipur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="tamenglong_ac">{{cite web |title=Tamenglong Assembly constituency |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamenglong_Assembly_constituency |access-date=15 June 2025}}</ref> During the [[2016 Imphal earthquake]], 80% of the village's houses were damaged.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2016 |title=Project to rehabilitate worst-hit Manipur village by earthquake {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/project-to-rehabilitate-worst-hit-manipur-village-by-earthquake-1168121/ |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Government and economy ==
The village is administered under the Panchayati Raj system by a locally elected sarpanch.<ref name="census2011">{{cite web |title=Kabui Khullen Village Population - Tamenglong, Manipur |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/269194-kabui-khullen-manipur.html |access-date=15 June 2025 |website=Census2011.co.in}}</ref>

Agriculture, especially jhum (slash-and-burn) cultivation, forms the primary occupation in the region.<ref name="tamjhum">{{cite news |author=Daniel Kamei |date=30 July 2023 |title=Global warming: Tamenglong farmers giving up jhum cultivation amid rising heat |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/global-warming-tamenglong-farmers-giving-up-jhum-cultivation-amid-rising-heat |access-date=15 June 2025 |newspaper=Imphal Free Press}}</ref>

== Education ==
Kabui Khullen has a government-run primary school.<ref name="schoolps">{{cite web
|title=KABUI KHULLEN PS - UDISE Code: 14020100601
|publisher=Schools.org.in
|url=https://schools.org.in/tamenglong/14020100601/kabui-khullen-ps.html
|access-date=15 June 2025}}</ref>
For secondary education, students typically travel to [[Tamenglong|Tamenglong town]] for middle and higher secondary schooling.

== Culture ==
The village is primarily inhabited by the [[Inpui Naga people|Inpui]] (Kabui) Naga tribe, speaking the Inpui dialect and practicing traditions preserved through oral storytelling.<ref name="dchb" /><ref name="oral">{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook: Tamenglong (Part A) – Tribal details |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/854 |access-date=15 June 2025 |publisher=Census of India}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Tamenglong district]]
* [[Inpui people]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Tamenglong district]]
[[Category:Geography of Manipur]]
[[Category:Naga people]]

{{Manipur-geo-stub}}

Lalbiakzama

2026-04-25T17:45:50Z

Prabhash Sharma: new new info

{{Short description|Zoram People's Movement politician from Mizoram}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Lalbiakzama
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Lalbiakzama.jpg
| caption = Lalbiakzama in 2025
| office = 15th [[List of speakers of the Mizoram Legislative Assembly|Speaker]] of the [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency =
| term_start = 12 December 2023
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Lalrinliana Sailo]]
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Mizoram|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Lalduhoma]]
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| prior_term =
| pronunciation =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1965|01|01|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| other_party = [[Mizoram People's Conference]]
| party = [[Zoram People's Movement]]
| 2blankname = Deputy Spekar
| 2namedata = [[Lalfamkima]]
| height = 
| spouse =
| relations =
| children =
| mother =
| father = L.T Zauva<ref>{{cite web |title=About Government->Speaker |url=https://mizoram.nic.in/gov/speaker.htm |website=Mizoram.nic.in |access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref>
| relatives =
| education = B.Com
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Politician
| profession =
| known_for =
| salary =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| awards = 
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| blank2 =
| data2 =
| blank3 =
| data3 =
| blank4 =
| data4 =
| blank5 =
| data5 =
| signature =
| signature_alt = 
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Lalbiakzama''' is a [[Zoram People's Movement]] politician and 15th current Speaker of [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]] from 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram Legislative Assembly elects Lalbiakzama, MLA as Speaker |url=https://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/post/mizoram-legislative-assembly-elects-lalbiakzama-mla-as-speaker |website=dipr.mizoram.gov.in |access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref> He had been elected in [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]] from [[Chalfilh Assembly constituency]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram Assembly Speaker |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/mizoram/lalbiakzama-elected-unopposed-as-mizoram-assembly-speaker-2807948 |website=deccanherald.com |access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref> as candidate of [[Zoram People's Movement]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ZPM MLA Lalbiakzama to be new speaker of the Mizoram Legislative Assembly |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/mizoram-assembly-elections/zpm-mla-lalbiakzama-to-be-new-speaker-of-the-mizoram-legislative-assembly/articleshow/105941158.cms |website=economictimes.com |access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref>

==Education==
He has completed his education up to Bachelor of Commerce from [[North-Eastern Hill University]] in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |title=LALBIAKZAMA(Criminal & Asset Declaration) |url=https://www.myneta.info/Mizoram2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=49 |website=myneta.info |access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Aizawl]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Mizo people]]
[[Category:Zoram People's Movement politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Mizoram]]
[[Category:People from Aizawl district]]
[[Category:Mizoram MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:North-Eastern Hill University alumni]]
[[Category:1965 births]]

{{Mizoram-politician-stub}}

Madhu Trehan

2026-04-20T13:18:13Z

Prabhash Sharma: new a post

{{Short description|Indian journalist}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Madhu Trehan
| image =
| alma_mater = [[Welham Girls' School]] [[Columbia University]], New York
| occupation = Journalist, Columnist, Author
| known_for = Founding editor, ''[[India Today]]'' (1975)
| notable_works =''[[Tehelka as Metaphor]]'' (2009)
| spouse = [[Naresh Trehan]]
| relatives = [[Aroon Purie]] (brother), Mandira Purie (sister)
}}

'''Madhu Purie Trehan''' (born 1940s) is an Indian journalist. She was also the co-founder and editor-in-chief of a digital media portal called ''[[Newslaundry]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sharma |first=Disha |url=https://www.vccircle.com/news-website-newslaundry-gets-funding-existing-investor-omidyar-others/ |title=Digital media startup Newslaundry gets funding from Omidyar, others}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/about|title=Newslaundry {{!}} Sabki Dhulai|last=Newslaundry|work=Newslaundry|access-date=2018-01-10|language=en-us|archive-date=6 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106203816/https://www.newslaundry.com/about|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Education==
Trehan studied at [[Welham Girls' School]] in [[Dehradun]], graduating in 1962.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/old-school-skirt/7209/ |title=Old school skirt – Indian Express |publisher=Archive.indianexpress.com |date=2006-06-24 |accessdate=2020-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/dehradun-s-journey-to-town-of-schools-with-miss-oliphant-835501 |title=Dehradun's journey to town of schools, with Miss Oliphant |publisher=The Tribune India |date=2019-09-22 |accessdate=2020-04-12}}</ref> In 1968, she went to [[Harrow College of Higher Education|Harrow Technical College & School of Arts]] in [[London]] to study journalistic photography.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tehelkaasmetaphor.com/about-the-author.aspx |title=Madhu Trehan | Best Selling Indian Authors |publisher=Tehelka as Metaphor |accessdate=2020-04-12}}</ref> She earned a master's degree in journalism from [[Columbia University]], [[New York City|New York]] in 1972.<ref name="light">{{cite web |url=http://www.lightofindiaawards.com/lightofindia2011/jsp/madhu.jsp |title=Jury |publisher=Light of India Awards |accessdate=21 August 2012 |archive-date=1 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901220422/http://www.lightofindiaawards.com/lightofindia2011/jsp/madhu.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref> While in [[New York City]], she worked at the [[United Nations]] in their press department, and served as an editor for a weekly newspaper, ''[[India Abroad]]''.<ref name="light"/>

==Career==
Trehan returned to India in 1975<ref name="light"/> when she founded and started the news magazine ''India Today'', with her father, V.V.Purie, owner of Thomson Press.<ref name="HT">{{cite web|last=Bhandare |first=Namita |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Brunch/Brunch-Stories/70-s-The-decade-of-innocence/Article1-700294.aspx |title=70's: The decade of innocence |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=21 May 2011 |accessdate=21 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817115158/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Brunch/Brunch-Stories/70-s-The-decade-of-innocence/Article1-700294.aspx |archive-date=17 August 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wWDnTWrz4O8C&q=Madhu+Trehan&pg=PA347|title= India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic |first1=Arnold P. |last1=Kaminsky |first2=Roger D. |last2=Long |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2011 |isbn= 978-0313374623 |page=347}}</ref> Trehan left the magazine to her brother's stewardship in 1977 during her pregnancy, and returned to New York to start her family.<ref name="HT"/><ref name="trib">{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090421/ttlife1.htm |title=Tehelka trail |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=21 April 2009 |accessdate=21 August 2012}}</ref> Upon her return to India in 1986, Trehan produced and anchored ''[http://newstrack.com Newstrack]'', India's first video news magazine,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=77EXAAAAIAAJ&q=Madhu+ |title=The Days of My Years |first=Har Parshad |last=Nanda |page=212 |publisher=Viking |year=1992|isbn=9780670847273 }}</ref> which earned her a reputation as a pioneering [[Investigative journalism|investigative journalist]].<ref name="light"/>

In August 1994, Madhu Trehan took the rare and only interview of [[Yakub Memon]] who was convicted in [[1993 Bombay bombings]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thequint.com/india/2015/07/16/i-came-back-to-my-motherland-yakub-memons-only-interview|title="I Came Back to my Motherland": Yakub Memon's Only Interview|date=16 July 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/yakub-memon-1993-mumbai-blasts-convict-exclusive-interview-capital-punishment-special-tada-court-life-imprisonment-416464-2013-03-20|title=1993 Mumbai blasts convict Yakub Memon's exclusive interview}}</ref>

In 2009, Trehan published her first book, ''[[Tehelka as Metaphor]]: Prism Me a Lie, Tell Me a Truth'', examining the 2001 [[Operation West End]] exposé and its aftermath.<ref name="trib"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090301/jsp/calcutta/story_10605346.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304000100/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090301/jsp/calcutta/story_10605346.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2009 |first=Sudeshna |last=Banerjee |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |title=When corruption is a daily habit |year=2009 |accessdate=21 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/madhu-trehans-book-looks-back-at-operation-westend/83141-40.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904160048/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/madhu-trehans-book-looks-back-at-operation-westend/83141-40.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 September 2009 |title=Madhu Trehan's new book on Operation West-end |first= Amrita |last=Tripathi|work=IBN |date=19 January 2009 |accessdate=21 August 2012}}</ref>

Trehan has written for leading news magazines and newspapers such as ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/peoplehome3.aspx?pid=7024&author= |title=Madhu Trehan |year=2012 |accessdate=21 August 2012 |publisher=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]] }}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and ''[[Hindustan Times]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Views/Who-s-afraid-of-Karan-Thapar/Article1-384996.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215031634/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/views/Who-s-afraid-of-Karan-Thapar/Article1-384996.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 February 2011 |title=Who's afraid of Karan Thapar? |last=Trehan |first=Madhu |work=Hindustan Times |date=1 March 2009 |accessdate=21 August 2012}}</ref>

In 2000, she launched ''Wah India'', a website and print magazine. She, along with three other colleagues, also launched a crowd-sourced media critique website called ''[[Newslaundry]]'' in February 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiadigitalreview.com/news/author-journalist-madhu-trehan-and-three-other-colleagues-launch-newslaundrycom |title=Author, journalist Madhu Trehan and three other colleagues launch NewsLaundry.com | date=14 February 2012 |accessdate=21 August 2012 |work=India Digital Review}}</ref>

===2001 Delhi High Court ruling===
On 25 May 2001 the [[Delhi High Court]] ruled 3–2 that Trehan and four other journalists on Wah India were guilty of contempt of court for an article which they published "rating the High Court's Judges in terms of various attributes and qualities". The article purportedly interviewed 50 unnamed senior lawyers to reach its conclusions. In April, the court had ordered Delhi police to seize copies of the offending issue from news stands and raid the magazine's Delhi office. The court also banned the media from reporting on the case, but withdrew the ban on 2 May in response to media protest. Three days after being found in contempt of court, Trehan and her colleagues apologised to the justices, and their apology was accepted.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Venkatesan|first=V|title=Contempt and Punishment: The Delhi High Court's verdict in the case against wah india and the magazine's response to it raise questions about the way the judiciary deals with contempt of court charges in general|journal=Frontline|date= 17–20 July 2001 |volume=18 |issue=14|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1814/18140920.htm}}</ref>

==Personal==
Trehan is married to Indian [[heart surgeon]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr Naresh Trehan profile|url=https://www.credihealth.com/doctor/naresh-trehan-cardiac-surgeon/overview|publisher=Credihealth|year=2017|accessdate=20 March 2017}}</ref> [[Naresh Trehan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ace of hearts: Dr Naresh Trehan|url=http://www.harmonyindia.org/hportal/VirtualPageView.jsp?page_id=799|publisher=Harmony India|year=2012|accessdate=17 August 2012}}</ref> [[Aroon Purie]], the former founder-publisher and editor-in-chief of ''[[India Today]]'', is her brother, and [[Bollywood]] actress [[Koel Purie]] is her niece.<ref>{{cite news |last=Roy |first=Amit |date=17 December 2014 |title=Red Hot |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1041217/asp/etc/story_4127827.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602073512/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041217/asp/etc/story_4127827.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 June 2014 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=5 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Newstrack – The video magazine that served real issues to news-hungry Indians in DD era |url=https://theprint.in/features/brandma/newstrack-the-video-magazine-that-served-real-issues-to-news-hungry-indians-in-dd-era/253392/ |access-date=16 August 2021 |publisher=The Print |date=23 June 2019}}</ref>

==Works==
*{{cite book |title=[[Tehelka as Metaphor|Tehelka as Metaphor: Prism Me a Lie, Tell Me a Truth]] |publisher=Roli Books |year=2010 |isbn=978-8174365804}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Twitter}}
* {{FaceBook |madhu.trehan.3}}
* [http://www.tehelkaasmetaphor.com/about-the-author.aspx Tehelka As Metaphor website]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Trehan, Madhu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Journalists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian broadcast news analysts]]
[[Category:Indian opinion journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni]]
[[Category:India Today Group]]
[[Category:Indian women columnists]]
[[Category:Indian columnists]]
[[Category:Indian investigative journalists]]
[[Category:Indian women journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian women magazine editors]]
[[Category:Indian women television journalists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Welham Girls' School alumni]]
[[Category:1940s births]]
[[Category:India Today people]]

Tamlu Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:42:36Z

Prabhash Sharma: new

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Nagaland State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| map_image = Tamlu Assembly constituency map.svg
| name = Tamlu
| state = [[Nagaland]]
| type = SLA
| district = [[Longleng district|Longleng]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland]]
| established = 1974
| constituency_no = 49
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[B. Bangtick Phom]]
| party = Independent
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:18371}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14874-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}
}}
'''Tamlu''' is one of the 60 [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Nagaland]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/nagaland/nagaland-w.htm |title=Nagaland Legislative Assembly |website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Longleng district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1974]] || Wokshing || {{Full party name with color|United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland)}}
|-
| [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || rowspan=3 | Bangjak Phom || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
| [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || Pangjak S. Phom || {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}
|-
| [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || rowspan=2 | B. Phongshak Phom || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || Nyemli Phom
|-
| [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || P. Dako Phom || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || rowspan=2 | B. S. Nganlang Phom || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|-
| [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}
|-
| [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[B. Bangtick Phom]]|| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamlu<ref>{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=3 March 2023 |date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042608/https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |archive-date=3 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[B. Bangtick Phom]] |party=Independent politician |votes=8,646 |percentage=51.15% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=B. S. Nganlang Phom|party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|votes=7,952|percentage=47.04%|change=10.74%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=H. Nyemli Phom|party=Republican Party of India (Athawale)|votes=259|percentage=1.53%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nota|party=None of the above|votes=46|percentage=0.27%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=694 |percentage=4.11% |change=-2.08% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=16,903|percentage=92.01%|change=-2.20%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,371 |change =11.72% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 8.66% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2018 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamlu<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3652-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2018/?do=download&r=8575&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=0b619cd94134dd7b05162acdebe1ba9f|title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2018 - Nagaland - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |date= |author= |accessdate= December 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128161430/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 13th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2018 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=B. S. Nganlang Phom |party=Naga People's Front |votes=6,582 |percentage=42.49% |change=4.48% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Phongshak Phom |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=5,624 |percentage=36.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=W. Chingkam |party=Independent politician |votes=3,162 |percentage=20.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Moigam Phom |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=47 |percentage=0.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B.P. Henveih Phom |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=40 |percentage=0.26% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=36 |percentage=0.23% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=958 |percentage=6.18% |change=-7.04% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,491 |percentage=94.20% |change= -4.02% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,444 |change =13.72% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Janata Dal (United) |swing= -8.74% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2013 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamlu<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2013 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=B. S. Nganlang Phom |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=7,276 |percentage=51.23% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nyemli Phom |party=Naga People's Front |votes=5,398 |percentage=38.01% |change=32.98% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Dako Phom |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,025 |percentage=7.22% |change=-31.56% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Longnyei Phom |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=58 |percentage=0.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Phongshak Phom |party=Independent politician |votes=17 |percentage=0.12% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,878 |percentage=13.22% |change=-1.56% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,203 |percentage=98.22% |change= -1.39% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,460 |change =-56.80% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Dal (United) |loser=Independent politician |swing= -2.33% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2008 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamlu<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128170532/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2008 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Dako Phom |party=Independent politician |votes=17,860 |percentage=53.56% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. S. Nganlang Phom |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,932 |percentage=38.78% |change=7.45% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nyemli Phom |party=Naga People's Front |votes=1,675 |percentage=5.02% |change=-10.55% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Manohn |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=898 |percentage=2.69% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,928 |percentage=14.78% |change=13.18% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=33,347 |percentage=99.67% |change= -0.32% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 33,475 |change =11.16% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 22.23% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2003 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamlu<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623083626/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 10th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2003 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Nyemli Phom |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,427 |percentage=31.33% |change=-24.77% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Bangtick Phom |party=Nationalist Democratic Movement |votes=8,947 |percentage=29.73% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phongshak |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=6,464 |percentage=21.48% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nganlang |party=Naga People's Front |votes=4,688 |percentage=15.58% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shaupen |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=568 |percentage=1.89% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=480 |percentage=1.60% |change=-10.60% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,094 |percentage=99.94% |change= 0.16% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,113 |change =11.35% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -37.17% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1998 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamlu<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128160926/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 9th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 1998 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Phongshak Phom |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,120 |percentage=56.10% |change=-12.40% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. O. Kongyan Phom |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,832 |percentage=43.90% |change=-24.60% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,288 |percentage=12.20% |change=-24.79% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=26,952 |percentage=99.78% |change= -0.20% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,044 |change =32.20% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -12.40% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1993 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamlu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Phongshak Phom |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,000 |percentage=68.50% |change=21.02% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=H. Nyemli Phom |party=Naga People's Front |votes=6,439 |percentage=31.50% |change=-21.02% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,561 |percentage=36.99% |change=31.95% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=20,439 |percentage=99.99% |change= 0.13% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,457 |change =205.69% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 15.98% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1989 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamlu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Pangjak S. Phom |party=Naga People's Front |votes=3,501 |percentage=52.52% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bamgtick Phom |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,165 |percentage=47.48% |change=-4.08% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=336 |percentage=5.04% |change=1.27% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,666 |percentage=99.85% |change= 0.24% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,692 |change =-0.03% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 0.96% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1987 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamlu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bangjak Phom |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,434 |percentage=51.56% |change=7.35% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=H. N. Yemliphom |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=3,183 |percentage=47.79% |change=28.62% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phongchekphom |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=43 |percentage=0.65% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=251 |percentage=3.77% |change=-3.82% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,660 |percentage=99.61% |change= 1.58% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,694 |change =-37.39% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 7.35% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1982 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamlu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bangjak Phom |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,618 |percentage=44.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Wokshing Phom |party=Independent politician |votes=3,825 |percentage=36.62% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ailong Phom |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=2,003 |percentage=19.17% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=793 |percentage=7.59% |change=-17.98% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,446 |percentage=98.04% |change= 3.53% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,691 |change =49.71% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= -7.31% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1977 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamlu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bangjak Phom |party=Independent politician |votes=3,441 |percentage=51.52% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ailong Phom |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=1,733 |percentage=25.95% |change=-6.40% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Wokshing Phom |party=Independent politician |votes=1,505 |percentage=22.53% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,708 |percentage=25.57% |change=16.29% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,679 |percentage=94.51% |change= 3.73% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,141 |change =21.76% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |swing= 19.17% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1974 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamlu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Wokshing |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=1,687 |percentage=32.35% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bangjak Phom |party=Independent politician |votes=1,203 |percentage=23.07% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Imdong |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=968 |percentage=18.56% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=L. Ailong |party=Independent politician |votes=542 |percentage=10.39% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. C. Longli |party=Independent politician |votes=471 |percentage=9.03% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Buchang Mansong |party=Independent politician |votes=344 |percentage=6.60% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=484 |percentage=9.28% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,215 |percentage=90.78% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,865 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Longleng district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Nagaland}}

{{coord|26.67|94.74|display=title}}

[[Category:Longleng district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Politics of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1974]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Nagaland]]

Mawsynram Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:35:02Z

Prabhash Sharma: new a details

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Meghalaya State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mawsynram
| state = [[Meghalaya]]
| district = [[East Khasi Hills district|East Khasi Hills]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Shillong Lok Sabha constituency|Shillong]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = ST
| type = SLA
| map_image = Mawsynram Assembly constituency map.svg
| constituency_no = 24
| mla = [[Ollan Singh Suin]]
| party = {{Party index link|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:37188}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14873-meghalayaexcluding-ac-23/ |title=Meghalaya General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|05}}
}}
'''Mawsynram''' is one of the 60 [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Meghalaya]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceomeghalaya.nic.in/gis-map/00-pc-map-meghalaya.pdf |title=Map of Meghalaya Parliamentary Constituencies |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |accessdate= 30 January 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[East Khasi Hills district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Kisto M Roy Marabaniang || {{Full party name with color|All Party Hill Leaders Conference}}
|-
| [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Karadoklie E. Tariang || {{Full party name with color|Hill State People's Democratic Party}}
|-
| [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Mestonnath Kharshandy || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1988]] || rowspan=2 | Mestonnath Kharchandy
|-
| [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || rowspan=2 | D. Plaslanding Iangjuh || {{Full party name with color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}
|-
| [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || {{Full party name with color|Meghalaya Democratic Party}}
|-
| [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan=2 | Pynshngainlang Syiem || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || Himalaya Muktan Shangpliang
|-
| [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Ollan Singh Suin]] || {{Full party name with color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2023===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawsynram<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]] |title=General Election to Vidhna Sabha Trends & Result MArch - 2023 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302144159/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-date=2 March 2023 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ollan Singh Suin]] |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=10,987 |percentage=33.42% |change={{increase}}14.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Himalaya Muktan Shangpliang |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=10,032 |percentage=30.52% |change={{increase}}16.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Alvin Khyriem Sawkmie |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=10,002 |percentage=30.43% |change={{increase}}26.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gopal Stone Hynniewta |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,056 |percentage=3.21% |change={{decrease}}27.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vincent T Sangma |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=689 |percentage=2.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=191 |percentage=0.58% |change={{increase}}0.01 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=955 |percentage=2.91% |change= {{increase}}0.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=32,871 |percentage=88.39% |change= {{decrease}}2.27 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 37,188 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.04 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}2.24 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2018===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawsynram<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]] |title=Form 20 - Polling Station Wise Result Sheet of General Election 2018 to the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208162439/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-date=8 February 2024 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Himalaya Muktan Shangpliang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,984 |percentage=31.19% |change={{increase}}0.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pynshngainlang Syiem |party=People's Democratic Front (Meghalaya) |votes=8,190 |percentage=28.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ollan Singh Suin]] |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=5,348 |percentage=18.57% |change={{decrease}}9.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khrawkupar Jyrwa |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,098 |percentage=14.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laplu Sangma |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=1,057 |percentage=3.67% |change={{decrease}}10.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Silvestar Marwein |party=Independent politician |votes=634 |percentage=2.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Starfing Jove Langpen Pdahkasiej |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=87 |percentage=0.30% |change={{decrease}}7.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=164 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=794 |percentage=2.76% |change= {{increase}}0.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=28,805 |percentage=90.66% |change= {{increase}}1.25 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,773 |ref = |change= {{increase}}24.46 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}0.86 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2013===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawsynram<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=Election Commission of India- State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021738/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Pynshngainlang Syiem |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,923 |percentage=30.33% |change={{decrease}}0.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khrawkupar Jyrwa |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=6,414 |percentage=28.10% |change={{increase}}0.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suly Lyngdoh |party=Independent politician |votes=4,479 |percentage=19.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Plaslanding Iangjuh |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=3,131 |percentage=13.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tobias R. Marak |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=1,737 |percentage=7.61% |change={{decrease}}21.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Starfing Jove Langpen Pdahkasiej |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=141 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=509 |percentage=2.23% |change= {{increase}}0.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,825 |percentage=89.41% |change= {{decrease}}1.76 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,529 |ref = |change= {{increase}}45.48 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}0.04 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawsynram<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2008 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021122/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Pynshngainlang Syiem |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,859 |percentage=30.37% |change={{decrease}}5.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khrawkupar Jyrwa |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=4,601 |percentage=28.76% |change={{increase}}24.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Plaslanding Iangjuh |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=4,340 |percentage=27.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=I. Rockfeller Rangdkhew |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,040 |percentage=6.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aloysius Arengh |party=Independent politician |votes=671 |percentage=4.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Blassius Kharsyntiew |party=Meghalaya Democratic Party |votes=284 |percentage=1.78% |change={{decrease}}39.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Starfing Love Langpen Pdahkasiej |party=Independent politician |votes=204 |percentage=1.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=258 |percentage=1.61% |change= {{decrease}}4.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,999 |percentage=91.17% |change= {{increase}}22.80 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,548 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}9.66 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Meghalaya Democratic Party |swing= {{decrease}}10.79 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawsynram<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2003 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104020753/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Plaslanding Iangjuh |party=Meghalaya Democratic Party |votes=5,467 |percentage=41.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gopal Stone Hynniewta |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,707 |percentage=35.44% |change={{increase}}15.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Wallence Basterfield Jyrwa |party=Independent politician |votes=1,030 |percentage=7.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=I. Rockfeller Rangdkhew |party=Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement |votes=1,001 |percentage=7.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sumis Marak |party=Samata Party |votes=570 |percentage=4.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mestonnath Kharchandy |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=506 |percentage=3.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=760 |percentage=5.72% |change= {{decrease}}10.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,281 |percentage=70.46% |change= {{decrease}}4.09 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,425 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.15 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Meghalaya Democratic Party |loser=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |swing= {{increase}}5.37 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawsynram<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144917/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Plaslanding Iangjuh |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=4,492 |percentage=35.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mestonnath Kharchandy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,514 |percentage=20.03% |change={{decrease}}14.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sumis Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=2,239 |percentage=17.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Wallence Basterfield Jyrwa |party=Hindu Samaj Party |votes=1,207 |percentage=9.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pynshngainlang Syiem |party=People's Democratic Movement (Meghalaya) |votes=1,093 |percentage=8.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jahannara B. Kharbhih |party=Independent politician |votes=465 |percentage=3.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Starfingjove Langpen Poahkasiej |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=341 |percentage=2.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,978 |percentage=15.76% |change= {{increase}}14.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,551 |percentage=74.72% |change= {{decrease}}4.25 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,320 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.39 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}1.44 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawsynram<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144200/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mestonnath Kharchandy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,331 |percentage=34.35% |change={{decrease}}5.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Plaslanding Iangjuh |party=Independent politician |votes=4,143 |percentage=32.86% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Wallence Baster Field Jyrwa |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=1,997 |percentage=15.84% |change={{increase}}0.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dlingklingson Roy Wanninang |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference (Armison Marak Group) |votes=1,649 |percentage=13.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. W. Girod |party=Independent politician |votes=487 |percentage=3.86% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=188 |percentage=1.49% |change= {{decrease}}7.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,607 |percentage=78.78% |change= {{increase}}4.01 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,434 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.38 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}5.94 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1988===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawsynram<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144042/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mestonnath Kharchandy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,934 |percentage=40.29% |change={{increase}}8.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Plaslanding Iangjuh |party=Hill People's Union |votes=3,103 |percentage=31.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Wallence Basterfield Jyrwa |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=1,450 |percentage=14.85% |change={{decrease}}11.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Illipson Jyawa |party=Independent politician |votes=640 |percentage=6.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karadoklie E. Tariang |party=Public Demands Implementation Convention |votes=636 |percentage=6.51% |change={{increase}}1.88 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=831 |percentage=8.51% |change= {{increase}}3.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,763 |percentage=75.23% |change= {{increase}}3.71 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,429 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.12 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}8.44 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawsynram<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025204117/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mestonnath Kharshandy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,397 |percentage=31.85% |change={{increase}}14.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Plaslanding Iangjuh |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=1,986 |percentage=26.39% |change={{increase}}2.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. B. Roy Snaitang |party=Independent politician |votes=779 |percentage=10.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Werson Giri |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=699 |percentage=9.29% |change={{decrease}}8.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Wallence Basterfield Jyrwa |party=Independent politician |votes=597 |percentage=7.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. M. Roy Marbainiang |party=Independent politician |votes=458 |percentage=6.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Leonis John Richard Lyngkhoi |party=Public Demands Implementation Convention |votes=349 |percentage=4.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=411 |percentage=5.46% |change= {{increase}}0.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,525 |percentage=73.69% |change= {{decrease}}1.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,907 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.74 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Hill State People's Democratic Party |swing= {{increase}}7.82 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawsynram<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143720/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Karadoklie E. Tariang |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=1,588 |percentage=24.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Plaslanding Iangjuh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,260 |percentage=19.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. M. Roy Marbainiang |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=1,194 |percentage=18.07% |change={{decrease}}14.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mestonnath Kharchandy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,174 |percentage=17.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. W. Giri |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,126 |percentage=17.05% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bington Gidon |party=Independent politician |votes=105 |percentage=1.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. Natep |party=Independent politician |votes=82 |percentage=1.24% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=328 |percentage=4.97% |change= {{decrease}}1.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,606 |percentage=72.89% |change= {{increase}}6.58 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,424 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.12 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Hill State People's Democratic Party |loser=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |swing= {{decrease}}8.96 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawsynram<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143519/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kisto M Roy Marabaniang |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=1,731 |percentage=33.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mestonnath Kharchandy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,407 |percentage=26.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lionis John Richard |party=Independent politician |votes=1,336 |percentage=25.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parangbonsen T. Marwein |party=Independent politician |votes=490 |percentage=9.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kredik Thongni |party=Independent politician |votes=155 |percentage=2.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Trespiwl Roy Skhemiew |party=Independent politician |votes=126 |percentage=2.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=324 |percentage=6.18% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,245 |percentage=65.89% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,258 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]
* [[East Khasi Hills district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}

{{coord|25.3|91.58|display=title}}

[[Category:East Khasi Hills district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Politics of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Meghalaya]]

Araijeet Singh Hundal

2026-04-13T06:21:03Z

Prabhash Sharma: creating new bio...

{{Short description|Indian field hockey player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Araijeet Singh Hundal
| image = Friendly Matches India - France 2024 21.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2004|01|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Punjab, India]]
| height = 1.91 m
| position = Forward
| clubs1 = [[Punjab and Sind Bank]]
| clubs2 = [[Team Gonasika]]
| years2 = 2024–
| nationalyears1 = 2021–2025
| nationalteam1 = [[India men's national under-21 field hockey team|India U21]]
| nationalcaps1 = 28
| nationalgoals1 = 21
| nationalyears2 = 2024–
| nationalteam2 = [[India men's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalcaps2 = 27
| nationalgoals2 = 5
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[field hockey]]}}[[File:Field hockey pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's Asian Champions Trophy|Asian Champions Trophy]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2024 Men's Asian Champions Trophy|2024 Hulunbuir]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup|Junior Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup|2023 Salalah]]|}}
{{MedalGold|[[2024 Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup|2024 Muscat]]|}}
}}
'''Araijeet Singh Hundal''' (born 21 January 2004) is an Indian [[field hockey]] player who plays as a forward.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Araijeet Singh Hundal - Hockey India |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/araijeet-singh-hundal-profile-7488 |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=www.hockeyindia.org}}</ref> He plays for the [[India men's national field hockey team|India hockey team]] and specializes in drag flicks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-30 |title=Araijeet chases father's dream after promising start |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/hockey/araijeet-chases-fathers-dream-after-promising-start-101688130122537.html |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> In domestic leagues, he plays for [[Punjab & Sind Bank|Punjab and Sind Bank]] and for [[Team Gonasika]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarangi |first=Y. B. |date=2025-01-08 |title=TN Dragons edges out Team Gonasika |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/tn-dragons-edges-out-team-gonasika/article69077775.ece |access-date=2025-01-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
He hails from [[Punjab]]. He is a student of Bachelor of Arts. He comes from a family of hockey players and is a third generation hockey player.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2024-03-17 |title=Huge difference between playing hockey at the junior and senior level: Araijeet Hundal |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/araijeet-singh-hundal-hockey-india-probables-paris-2024-olympics-camp-pro-league-news/article67960678.ece |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> His grandfather was instrumental in starting hockey in his village.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-27 |title=Araijeet Singh Hundal stands tall in attack |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/hockey/araijeet-singh-hundal-stands-tall-in-attack-7643639/ |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
He was part of the Indian team that came fourth in the FIH Odisha Hockey Men's Junior World Cup Bhubaneshwar in 2021. He made his debut in the Indian senior India team at the FIH Hockey Pro League 2023-24 and scored some important drag flick goals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Connect |first=Sportz |date=2024-02-23 |title="It has been a surreal experience" - Indian forward Araijeet Singh Hundal on competing in the FIH Hockey Pro League 2023-24 |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/hockey/news-it-surreal-experience-indian-forward-araijeet-singh-hundal-competing-fih-hockey-pro-league-2023-24 |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=www.sportskeeda.com}}</ref> He also scored in the comeback win against the [[Netherlands men's national field hockey team|Netherlands]] in the Junior World Cup in December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-12 |title=Hockey: India script stunning comeback, beat Netherlands 4-3 to enter semifinals of Junior World Cup |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/hockey/destinys-child-araijeet-hundal-plots-heist-script-in-4-3-win-over-dutch-9064634/ |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Earlier, he scored a hat-trick in the first match against South Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-06 |title=FIH Junior Men's Hockey World Cup: Araijeet Singh Hundal Hat-trick Helps India Beat South Korea 4-2 |url=https://www.news18.com/sports/fih-junior-mens-hockey-world-cup-araijeet-singh-hundal-hat-trick-helps-india-beat-south-korea-4-2-8692664.html |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|2025
|[[Hockey India Awards]]
|Upcoming Player of the Year Male
|{{won}}
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Sports links}}
* [https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/araijeet-singh-hundal-profile-7488 Araijeet Singh Hundal] at [[Hockey India]]
* [https://www.fih.hockey/events/fih-pro-league/teams/men/player/hundal-araijeet-singh-25919 FIH profile]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hundal, Araijeet Singh}}
[[Category:2004 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Men's field hockey forwards]]
[[Category:Hockey India League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Songsarek

2026-04-10T08:25:28Z

Prabhash Sharma:

{{Short description|Traditional religion of the Garo people in Meghalaya, India}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}{{Infobox religion
| name = Songsarek
| type = [[Indigenous religion]]
| main_classification =
| parent =
| area = [[Northeast India]]
| language = [[Garo language]]
}}

'''Songsarek''' is the [[indigenous religion|indigenous traditional religion]] practiced by the [[Garo people]] of [[Meghalaya]], India. Historically practiced by most of the tribe, only a minority of the tribe still follow it after many converted to [[Christianity]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marak |first=Paulinus R. |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005256265 |title=The Garo tribal religion: beliefs and practices |date= |publisher=Anshah Publishing House |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-8364-002-2 |location=Delhi}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
Anthropologist [[Erik de Maaker]] suggests that the word 'Songsarek' is connected to the [[Bengali language]] of the people residing in the plains adjacent to the [[Garo Hills]]. In Sanskrit, the word ''saà-sâra'' (from ''saà-sù'') means ‘to be in the world’, as opposed to renouncing it. The word has now become part of the [[Garo language]], and people use it to refer to themselves as 'the ones who are obeying the deities.'<ref>{{Cite journal |last=de Maaker |first=Erik |date=2007 |title=From the Songsarek Faith to Christianity: Conversion, Religious Identity and Ritual Efficacy |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00856400701714104 |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |language=en |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=517–530 |doi=10.1080/00856400701714104 |issn=0085-6401|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==History==
Songsarek was followed by majority of the Garo people historically. By the spread of Christianity in the [[Garo Hills|Garo hills]] in the second half of the nineteenth century and throughout the twentieth century, the proportion of Songsarek population decreased.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mendiratta |first=Navneet |date=12 May 2024 |title=Vibing to the dance of a 100 drums |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2024/sunday-edition/vibing-to-the-dance-of-a-100-drums.html |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=The Pioneer |language=en}}</ref>

==Beliefs and festivals==

The Supreme God in Songsarek religion is the ''Tatara Rabuga'', described in oral tradition as "one so high that he cannot be reached." His deputy is Misi Saljong, who is the God of Sun, crops and fertility and is worshipped in Wangala festival. ''Susime'' is the Goddess of wealth. During the Wangala festival, women wear skirts crafted from handwoven cloth made on looms. These skirts feature a traditional pattern resembling a diamond, symbolizing the eye of Susime, the Goddess of Wealth.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

The ''Rokkime'' is the Mother Goddess of Rice and is worshipped in the Agalmaka festival.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2021-03-09 |title=Garo festival Agalmaka to be held at Chibagre today |url=https://highlandpost.com/garo-festival-agalmaka-to-be-held-at-chibagre-today/ |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=Highland Post |language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[Wagtail]] bird holds significant importance in Songsarek beliefs. Villagers carefully observe its flight patterns to predict the rainfall for the season.<ref name=":0" />

==Demographics==
{{Historical population
|1971|143,206
|1981|127,201
|1991|94,846
|2001|49,832
|2011|19,834
|footnote=
|source=Census of India}}

The number of the Songsarek followers in Meghalaya has declined from more than 88,000 as per 1991 Census to about 17,000 in 2011 Census. It was followed by 16% of the Garo in 1991 and decreased to 2% in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Religion Data of Census 2011: XXX ST Meghalaya |url=https://blog.cpsindia.org/2016/10/religion-data-of-census-2011-xxx-st.html |access-date=2024-12-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In the Garo hills, currently only 13 to 15 villages out of the 150 villages are Songsarek majority villages.<ref name=":0" />

In Bangladesh, 3.71% of the Garo people follows Songsarek.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakma |first=Sheeladitya |title=A CASE STUDY ON THE GARO ETHNIC PEOPLE OF THE SAL (Shorea robusta) FORESTS IN BANGLADESH |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265291382}}</ref>

== Festivals ==
[[File:Wangala Festival.jpg|thumb|Wangala Festival]]

=== Wangala ===
[[Wangala]] is the harvest festival of Songsarek followers. During the festival, handprints using three fingers dipped in rice flour are created on their doors. These imprints symbolize the water level and are meant to ensure a good harvest.<ref name=":0" /> During the festival, the first harvest is offered to Misi Saljong, the Sun God and giver of life, in a ritual known as Rugala.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=24 November 2012 |title=The Hundred Drums Wangala |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/The-Hundred-Drums-Wangala/article15616905.ece/ |access-date=2024-12-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X|last=Vincent|first=Pheroze L.}}</ref>

=== Agalmaka ===
Agalmaka is another festival in which both Misi Saljong and Rokkime, the mother goddess of Rice, are worshipped.<ref name=":2" />

==See also==
* [[Niamtre]], traditional religion of Jaintia people of Meghalaya.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Religion in Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Ethnic religions in Asia]]

Koyyam

2026-03-28T16:28:40Z

Prabhash Sharma: quick expand information per standard format additionally and corrected details

{{Multiple issues|
{{AI-generated|date=January 2026|reason=Rewrites such as [[Special:Diff/1306613171|this]], some of the text still present; note [[BP:AISIGNS]] including disclaimer about available sources, undue emphasis on significance, superficial analyses etc}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Koyyam
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.04|N|75.46|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Chengalayi Grama panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 670142
| registration_plate = KL-59
| blank1_name_sec1 = Hometown
| blank1_info_sec1 = Taliparamba
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 100%%
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Assembly constituency]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Irikkur (State Assembly constituency)|Irikkur]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Kannur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kannur]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|cool]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KL]]
| footnotes =
}}

[[File:Koyyam Sign Board.jpg|thumb|]]

'''Koyyam (കൊയ്യം)''' is a town part of [[Chengalai]] panchayat, [[Kannur district]], in the state of [[Kerala]] on the southwestern coast of India.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-04-13 |title=20 injured as school bus overturns in Kannur |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/20-injured-as-school-bus-overturns-in-kannur/article69443875.ece |access-date=2026-03-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== History ==
The area that now comprises Kannur was once part of the Chera dynasty, a prominent southern kingdom ruling Kerala between the 9th and 12th centuries. Following that era, the Mooshaka dynasty—later known as the Kolathiris—rose to prominence, governing the region, including areas around Koyyam. Their kingdom engaged in extensive trade with Persia and Arabia during the 12th and 13th centuries.

Medieval travelers such as Marco Polo, Faxian, and Ibn Battuta mentioned and visited the region around Kannur, reflecting its significance in trade and culture. The area was even referred to as “Naura” in ancient Greek texts such as the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, underscoring its maritime importance.

Name of the Koyyam River / Valapattanam River was Khritha Thadini and it is mentioned in Puranas and Ithihasas. The meaning of the Sanskrit Word is - Khritham means Milk and Thadini means River.

During the British Raj era, the Uppu Satyagraha [[Salt March]] was supported by people from Koyyam.

==Places of Interest Nearby==

* [[Maha Vishnu Kshetram]].Koyyam
* [[Puthiya Bhagavathi Kavu]].Koyyam
* [[Muthappan Temple]].[[Parassinikkadavu]]
* [[Maha Ganapathi Temple]].[[Velam]]
* [[Paithalmala]] Tourism
* [[Rajarajeshwara Temple]] Taliparamba
* [[Kottiyoor Temple]]
* [[Madayi Kavu]]
* [[Parassinikkadavu Snake Park]], [[Parassinikkadavu]].

==Transportation==
Regularly scheduled buses are available from Kannur town through Taliparamba and Mayyil to Koyyam.
The national highway passes through [[Valapattanam]] town/ Puthiya theru Jn or the new Kannur Bypass can be accessed at Kottakkunnu/ Mundayad/ Pulluppi Kadavu
[[Goa]] and [[Mumbai]] can be accessed on the northern side and [[Cochin]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram]] can be accessed on the southern side. The road to the east of [[Iritty]] connects to [[Mysore]] and [[Bangalore]]. The nearest railway station is [[Kannur]] on [[Mangalore]]-[[Palakkad]] line.
Trains are available to almost all parts of India subject to advance booking over the internet. There are airports nearby are at [[Kannur International Airport|Mattanur]], [[Mangalore Airport|Mangalore]] and [[Calicut International Airport|Calicut]]. All of them are international airports. direct flights are available to different countries and different states in India. Kannur International Airport is 20 to 25 km distance řrom Koyyam.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.koyyam.com Koyyam Website]

{{Kannur district}}

[[Category:Villages near Mayyil]]

MTV Roadies

2026-03-22T13:17:00Z

Prabhash Sharma: Updated article with clearer structure

{{Short description|Indian reality show}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{multiple issues|
{{original research|date=December 2014}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2014}}
}}
{{Infobox television
| image = MTV Roadies official logo.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| genre = Reality
| creator = Salar Johar
| presenter = {{ubl|[[Cyrus Sahukar]] (2003)|[[Rannvijay Singha]] (2004–2012, 2018–2020, 2025–present)||[[Bani J]] (2009–2010, 2013–2015)|[[Gaelyn Mendonca]] (2016–2017)|[[Sonu Sood]] (2022–2023)}}
| starring =
| judges = [[#Series synopes|see below]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 19
| num_episodes =
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = Nikhil J Alva Niret Alva Raghu Ram Rajiv Ram
| first_aired = {{start date|2003|8|15|df=yes}}
| last_aired = present
| related =
| company = {{Plainlist|
* Miditech Studios (2003–2005)
* Colosceum Media (2010–2021, 2025–present)
* Pippip Media (2022)
* [[Banijay Asia]] (2023)
}}
| network = [[MTV (Indian TV channel)|MTV India]]
}}
'''''MTV Roadies''''' is an Indian [[reality television]] series. It premiered on 15 August 2003 on [[MTV (Indian TV channel)|MTV India]] and is also digitally available on [[JioCinema|JioHotstar]].

Following the auditions, a group of contestants travel to different destinations and participate in various tasks that challenge their physical, social and mental strength.

==Overview==
===History===
The Roadies format was created by Nikhil J. Alva, founder of Miditech Studios, which produced the first two seasons of the show. Initially, Alva conceptualized Roadies as a platform to unite Indian youth through social work and acts of kindness while traveling across India.<ref name="indiatoday.in">{{Cite web |title=Former Roadies director slams the show: Sickens me to see what has been done to the format over time |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/former-roadies-director-slams-the-show-sickens-me-to-see-what-has-been-done-to-the-format-over-time-1657026-2020-03-18 |date=2020-03-18 |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdhry |first=Seema |date=2008-08-08 |title=Nikhil J. Alva {{!}} The Big Boss of Reality TV |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/A9qbsPrgnXAARsbr8w03LM/Nikhil-J-Alva--The-big-boss-of-reality-TV.html |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |language=en}}</ref>

As the show's popularity grew, MTV took over the production from Miditech after the second season. Former Miditech employees Raghu Ram and Rajiv Lakshman were brought in to present the show. Under their guidance, Roadies shifted from its original social-oriented concept to a more intense and confrontational format. They continued with the show until the eleventh season, after which they exited.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/42551_Raghu-Rajiv-Break-Tie-with-Roadies-Season-12-to-have-New-Judges|title=Raghu-Rajiv Break Tie with Roadies|date=2014-11-24|work=Agency FAQs}}</ref> In an interview, Raghu and Rajiv stated that they had done enough to popularize the show and wanted to give the new generation a chance to take it forward.

Roadies is one of India's longest-running reality shows.<ref name="Fifteen2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/roadies-xtreme-things-we-know-about-the-new-season-so-far-rannvijay-lifetv-1105818-2017-12-12|title=Roadies Xtreme: Things We Know About the New Season So Far|date=12 December 2017|publisher=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

===Format===

The first two seasons had a daily budget cap for contestants, encouraging them to experience India's diversity while completing various tasks. However, after MTV took over in the third season, the show adopted a more competitive and aggressive format.

From the fourth season, a new segment was introduced to select wild card contestants, Battleground (2006-2009, 2014–present) and Graveyard (2010-2011, 2013-2014).

In the fifth season, advantage tasks were introduced, allowing winners to gain benefits during vote-outs (e.g., multiple votes or sole voting power). It was also the first season where Roadies traveled international during journeys.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bollywood.com/roadies-50-game-goes-international |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501231250/https://www.bollywood.com/roadies-50-game-goes-international |title=Roadies 5.0 Goes International |archive-date=2008-05-01 |work=Bollywood.com |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The tenth season featured a mentor-based competition, where a team of ex-contestants led by Raghu Ram competed against a team of new contestants mentored by Rannvijay Singha.<ref name=Fifteen>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/roadies-xtreme-things-we-know-about-the-new-season-so-far-rannvijay-lifetv-1105818-2017-12-12 |title= Roadies Xtreme: Things we know about the new season so far|date=12 December 2017|publisher=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

In the twelfth season, the format was revamped with the introduction of gang leaders.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bestmediainfo.com/2015/01/mtv-roadies-x2-kicks-off-tomorrow-sans-raghu-and-rajiv/ |title=MTV Roadies Kicks Off Tomorrow |work=Best Media Info}}</ref>

The eighteenth season introduced a "buddy pairs" format, where ex-roadies and new contestants competed. It also marked the return of bikes, which had been a key feature in earlier seasons. Additionally, this was the first season without Rannvijay Singha.

Each season follows a theme and includes various twists, vote-outs, and eliminations. The contestant who survives all challenges and vote-outs is ultimately crowned the Ultimate Roadie in the finale.

==Series synopses==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size: 85%; line-height:20px; width:auto;"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
! rowspan="2" |Season
! rowspan="2" |Year
! rowspan="2" |Title
! rowspan="2" |Host
! colspan="5" rowspan="2" |Gang Leaders
! colspan="2" |'''Date'''
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |No.of Episodes
! rowspan="2" |Contestants
! rowspan="2" |Destinations
! rowspan="2" |Prize money
! rowspan="2" |Winning Gang Leader
! rowspan="2" |Winner
! rowspan="2" |Runner-up
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! style="width:10%;" | Launch
! style="width:10%;" | Finale
|-
|'''1'''
|2003
|Roadies - Challenges Har Kadam Par
|[[Cyrus Sahukar]]
| colspan="5" rowspan="9" bgcolor=#ccc|''No Gang Leaders''
| 15 August 2003
| 8 November 2003
| colspan="2" |27
|10
|Chennai to Chail, {{IND}}
|Bikes to all Roadies
| rowspan="9" bgcolor="lightgrey" |—
| bgcolor="lightblue" |'''[[Rannvijay Singha]]'''
| bgcolor="pink" |'''Natasha Gupta'''
|-
|'''2'''
|2004–05
|Roadies Returns
| rowspan="5" |[[Rannvijay Singha]]
| 21 August 2004
| 12 March 2005
| colspan="2" |30
|10
|Kolkata to Wagah border, {{IND}}
|₹5,00,000 + Bikes to all Roadies
| bgcolor="lightblue" |'''[[Ayushmann Khurrana]]'''
| bgcolor=pink|'''Candy Brar'''
|-
|'''3'''
|2005
|Roadies 3 - Triple The Danger
| 11 November 2005
| 3 November 2005
| colspan="2" |17
|13
|Jaisalmer to Leh, {{IND}}
|₹4,87,000 + Bikes to 5 (Parul, Rahul, Shubhi, Shubhendru, Sonia)
| bgcolor="pink" |'''Parul Shahi'''
|bgcolor=lightblue|'''Rahul Sharma'''
|-
|[[MTV Roadies (season 4)|4]]
|2006–07
|Roadies - Road To Fear
|11 November 2006
|3 March 2007
| colspan="2" |17
|13
|{{IND}}
|₹3,75,500
| bgcolor="lightblue" |'''Anthony Yeh'''
|bgcolor=pink|'''[[Gurbani Judge]]'''
|-
|[[MTV Roadies (season 5)|5]]
|2007–08
|[[MTV Roadies 5.0|Roadies 5.0]]
|28 October 2007
|13 January 2008
| colspan="2" |20
|15
|{{IND}}, {{THA}} & {{MAS}}
|₹2,30,000
| bgcolor="lightblue" |'''[[Ashutosh Kaushik]]'''
|bgcolor=lightblue|'''Nihal Nikam'''
|-
|[[MTV Roadies (season 6)|6]]
|2008–09
|[[MTV Roadies (season 6)|Roadies Hell Down Under]]
|29 November 2008
|26 April 2009
| colspan="2" |21
|20
|{{IND}}, {{AUS}}
| ₹3,62,000
| bgcolor="lightblue" |'''Nauman Sait'''
|bgcolor=lightblue|'''Lonkiri Timung'''
|-
|[[MTV Roadies (season 7)|7]]
|2009–10
|[[MTV Roadies (season 7)|Roadies:7 Deadly Sins & 1 Wild Safari]]
|[[Rannvijay Singha]] & [[Gurbani Judge|Bani J]]
|8 November 2009
|25 June 2010
| colspan="2" |22
|15
|{{IND}}, {{KEN}} & {{EGY}}
| ₹90,000
| bgcolor="lightblue" |'''Anwar Syed'''
|bgcolor=lightblue|'''Zaid Bin Nazir'''
|-
|[[MTV Roadies (season 8)|8]]
|2011
|[[MTV Roadies (season 8)|Roadies 8: Shortcut to Hell]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Rannvijay Singha]]
|19 January 2011
|18 June 2011
| colspan="2" |28
|rowspan="2" |13
|{{IND}}, {{BRA}}
|₹4,00,000
| bgcolor="pink" |'''[[Aanchal Khurana]]'''
|bgcolor=lightblue|'''Mohit Saggar'''
|-
|[[MTV Roadies (season 9)|9]]
|2012
|[[MTV Roadies (season 9)|Roadies 9: Everything or Nothing]]
|7 January 2012
|30 June 2012
| colspan="2" |27
|{{IND}}, {{USA}}
|₹6,17,000
| bgcolor="lightblue" |'''Vikas Khoker'''
|bgcolor=pink|'''Himani Sharma'''
|-
|[[MTV Roadies (season 10)|10]]
|2013
|[[MTV Roadies (season 10)|Roadies X: Battle for Glory]]
|rowspan="3|[[Gurbani Judge|Bani J]]
| style="background:red" |'''{{fontcolor|White|Ranvijay Singha}}'''
| colspan="1" {{stribe|villains|'''Raghu Ram'''}}
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#ccc" |
|19 January 2013
|11 May 2013
| colspan="2" |17
|16
|rowspan="2" |{{IND}}
|₹4,50,000
|{{stribe|villains|'''Raghu Ram'''}}
| bgcolor="pink" |'''Palak Johal'''
|bgcolor=pink|'''Ramandeep Kaur Dhillon'''
|-
|[[MTV Roadies (season 11)|11]]
|2014
|[[MTV Roadies (season 11)|Roadies X1: Ride for Respect]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor=#ccc|''No Gang Leaders''
|25 January 2014
|18 May 2014
| colspan="2" |18
|15
|₹3,20,000
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |—
| bgcolor="lightblue" |'''Nikhil Sachdeva'''
|bgcolor=lightblue|'''Utkarsh Khanna'''
|-
|[[MTV Roadies (season 12)|12]]
|2015
|[[MTV Roadies (season 12)|Roadies X2: Your Road, Your Gang]]
|style="background:Red" |'''{{fontcolor|White|Ranvijay Singha}}'''
|bgcolor=Pink|'''Esha Deol'''
| style="background:#f60" |'''{{fontcolor|White|Vijender Singh}}'''
|Bgcolor=Navy blue|'''{{fontcolor|White|Karan Kundra}}'''
|Bgcolor=#ccc|
|26 January 2015
|27 June 2015
| colspan="2" |22
|22
|{{IND}}, {{NEP}}
|₹5,00,000
|bgcolor=Red|'''{{fontcolor|white|Rannvijay Singha}}'''
| bgcolor="lightblue" |'''[[Prince Narula]]'''
|bgcolor=lightblue|'''Gurmeet Singh Rehal'''
|-
| colspan="19" bgcolor="beige" |''The Producers skipped X3 for the season's title and went for X4''
|-
|[[MTV Roadies (season 13)|13]]
|2016
|[[MTV Roadies (season 13)|Roadies X4: Your Gang, Your Glory]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Gaelyn Mendonca]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:Red" |'''{{fontcolor|White|Ranvijay Singha}}'''
| rowspan="6" bgcolor=Pink|'''Neha Dhupia'''
|Bgcolor=lime|<s>'''Sushil Kumar'''</s> '''Prince Narula'''
|bgcolor=Navy Blue|'''{{fontcolor|White|Karan Kundra}}'''
|Bgcolor=#ccc|
|20 February 2016
|19 June 2016
| colspan="2" |24
| rowspan="2" |22
|{{IND}}, {{BHU}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Dacia Duster|Renault Duster]]
|Bgcolor=Navy Blue|'''{{fontcolor|White|Karan Kundra}}'''
| bgcolor="lightblue" |'''Balraj Singh Khehra'''
| bgcolor="lightblue" |'''Navdeesh Singh'''
|-
|[[MTV Roadies (season 14)|14]]
|2017
|[[MTV Roadies (season 14)|Roadies Rising]]
| rowspan="5" bgcolor=Lime|'''Prince Narula'''
|Bgcolor=royalblue|<s>'''{{fontcolor|White|Karan Kundra}}'''</s> '''{{fontcolor|White|Nikhil Chinapa}}'''
|style="background:#087830" |'''{{fontcolor|White|Harbhajan Singh}}'''
|25 February 2017
|22 July 2017
| colspan="2" |26
|rowspan="5" |{{IND}}
|rowspan="2"bgcolor=Pink|'''Neha Dhupia'''
| bgcolor="pink" |'''Shweta Mehta'''
|bgcolor=lightblue|'''Baseer Ali'''
|-
|[[MTV Roadies (season 15)|15]]
|2018
|[[MTV Roadies (season 15)|Roadies Xtreme]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Rannvijay Singha]]
| rowspan="3" bgcolor=yellow|'''Raftaar'''
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="royalblue" |'''{{fontcolor|White|Nikhil Chinapa}}'''
|Bgcolor=#ccc|
|18 February 2018
|4 August 2018
| colspan="2" |28
|24
| bgcolor="lightblue" |'''Kashish Thakur'''
|bgcolor=pink|'''Preeti Kuntal'''
|-
|[[MTV Roadies (season 16)|16]]
|2019
|[[MTV Roadies (season 16)|Roadies: Real Heroes]]
|Bgcolor=red|'''{{fontcolor|White|Sandeep Singh}}'''
|10 February 2019
|18 August 2019
| colspan="2" |28
|27
|Droom Used [[Super Bike]]
|bgcolor=yellow|'''{{fontcolor|black|Raftaar}}'''
| bgcolor="lightblue" |'''Arun Sharma'''
|bgcolor=pink|'''Ankita Pathak'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[MTV Roadies (season 17)|17]]
| rowspan="2" |2020–21
| rowspan="2" |[[MTV Roadies (season 17)|Roadies: Revolution]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#ccc" |
|15 February 2020
|21 March 2020
|6
| rowspan="2" |36
|rowspan="2" |25
|rowspan="2" |[[Jawa Moto|Jawa Bike]] and ₹3,00,000 to Nikhil Chinapa's cause
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="royalblue" |'''{{fontcolor|White|Nikhil Chinapa}}'''
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightblue" |'''Hamid Barkzi'''
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightblue" |'''Michael Ajay'''
|-
|Bgcolor=brown|<s>'''{{fontcolor|White|Raftaar}}'''</s> '''{{fontcolor|White|Varun Sood}}'''
|27 June 2020
|16 January 2021
|30
|-
|[[MTV Roadies (season 18)|18]]
|2022
|[[MTV Roadies (season 18)|Roadies: Journey in South Africa]]{{ref|6|06}}
|rowspan="2" |[[Sonu Sood]]
| colspan="5" bgcolor=#ccc|''No Gang Leaders''
|8 April 2022
|10 July 2022
| colspan="2" |34
|20
|{{SAF}}
|₹10,00,000
| bgcolor="lightgrey" |—
| style="background-image: linear-gradient(to right bottom, lightblue 50%, pink 50%);" | '''Ashish Bhatia &''' '''Nandini G'''
|style="background-image: linear-gradient(to right bottom, lightblue 50%, pink 50%);"| '''Jashwanth Bopanna &''' '''Yukti Arora'''
|-
|[[MTV Roadies: Karm Ya Kaand|19]]
|2023
|[[MTV Roadies: Karm Ya Kaand|Roadies: Karm Ya Kaand]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="orchid" |'''Rhea Chakraborty'''
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="Lime" |'''Prince Narula'''
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightblue" |'''Gautam Gulati'''
| bgcolor="#ccc" |
|3 June 2023
|15 October 2023
| colspan="2" |40
|33
|{{IND}}
|₹6,00,000
|bgcolor=orchid|'''Rhea Chakraborty'''
| bgcolor="lightblue" |'''Vashu Jain'''
|Bgcolor=lightblue|'''Siwet Tomar'''
|-
|[[MTV Roadies: Double Cross|20]]
|2025
|[[MTV Roadies: Double Cross|Roadies: Double Cross]]
|[[Rannvijay Singha]]
|bgcolor=Pink|'''Neha Dhupia'''
|bgcolor=black|'''{{fontcolor|White|Elvish Yadav}}'''
|11 January 2025
|1 June 2025
| colspan="2" |42
|37
|{{IND}}
|₹10,00,000
|bgcolor=black|'''{{fontcolor|White|Elvish Yadav}}'''
| bgcolor="lightblue" |'''Kushal Tanwar (Gullu)'''
|Bgcolor=lightblue|'''Hartaaj Veer Singh Gill'''
|-
|}
;Notes
{{refbegin}}
#{{note|1}} [[Prince Narula]] replaced [[Sushil Kumar]] for journey due to Kumar leaving the show for his wrestling training.
#{{note|2}} [[Nikhil Chinapa]] replaced [[Karan Kundra]] for journey after Kundra left the show due to work commitments.
#{{note|3}} Gurmeet Singh Rehal returns as guest gang leader for Gang Nikhil as he wasn't available for a day during journey.
#{{note|4}} [[Harbhajan Singh]] was introduced as a judge present during auditions and occasionally during journey who holds powers.
#{{note|5}} [[Varun Sood (actor)|Varun Sood]] substitute [[Raftaar]] as gang leader during journey after he leaves for few days due to work commitments. Later he replaced him due to Raftaar being medically unfit.
#{{note|6}} [[MTV Roadies (season 18)|Roadies: Journey in South Africa]] was played in the format of buddy pairs. Hence there were two winners and runner-ups.
{{refend}}

==Season 1==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number =
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #000
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| num_contestants = 7
| winner = [[No Winner]]
}}
| num_episodes = 27
| network = [[MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2003|08|15}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2003|11|08}}
| episode_list =
| next_series = [[#Season 2|Season 2]]
}}

'''MTV Roadies 1''' is the first season of the reality series. It premiered on 15 August 2003 and ended on 8 November 2003. There was no winner in season 1 as it had a different format. All 7 roadies who completed the journey were given Karizma bikes<ref>{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/when-hrithik-roshan-handed-over-roadies-winner-rannvijay-singha-his-winning-bike-keys-shares-throwback-pics/articleshow/103285267.cms|title= When Hrithik Roshan handed over all Roadies their winning bike keys; shares throwback pics |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | date=2 September 2023}}</ref>

* Rannvijay Singha
* Natasha Gulati
* Tony Kordolia
* Ranjit Bajaj
* Ignoor Bains (1st vote out)
* Divya Shukla (voluntary exit)
* Mini Goel (2nd vote out)

==Season 2==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 2
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #000
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| num_contestants = 7
| winner = [[Ayushmann Khurrana]]
| runner_up = Candy Brar
}}
| num_episodes = 27
| network = [[MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2004|08|21}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2005|03|12}}
| episode_list =
| next_series = [[#Season 3|Season 3]]
}}
'''MTV Roadies 2''' is the second season of the reality series. It premiered on 21 August 2004 and ended on 12 March 2005 with [[Ayushmann Khurrana]] emerging as the winner.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ayushmann-khurrana-reveals-i-didnt-audition-for-roadies-was-told-will-get-rs-5-lakh-and-bike-if-i-win/articleshow/95932979.cms |title= Ayushmann Khurrana reveals, 'I didn't audition for Roadies ... |newspaper=The Times of India | date=2 December 2022}}</ref>

* [[Ayushmann Khurrana]] (Winner)
* Candy Brar (Runner-up)
* Varun Agarwal (3rd place)
* [[Shalin Bhanot]] (4th place)
* Neha Bhatia (5th place)
* Aarti Seth (6th place)
* Vinod Rawat (7th place)

==Season 3==
'''MTV Roadies 3''' is the third season of the reality series. It premiered on 11 November 2005 and ended on 3 March 2006 with Parul Shahi emerging as the winner.

* Parul Shahi (Winner)
* Rahul Sharma (Runner-up)
* Shubhi Mehta (3rd place)
* [[Anuj Sachdeva]] (4th place)
* Priyanka Bhau (5th place)
* Stuti Nagpal (6th place)
* Abhijeet Ghosh (7th place)
* Krishnesh Nayak (8th place)
* Sonia Clark (9th place)
* Amitinder S Deepak (10th place)
* Meher Ahmed (11th place)
* Laveen Bhardwaj (12th place)
* Shubendru Sood (13th place)

==Season 4==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 4
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #FF5F5F
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Rannvijay Singha|Rannvijay Singh]]
| judges = [[Raghu Ram]] [[Nikhil Chinapa]]
| num_contestants = 13
| winner = Anthony Yeh
| runner_up = [[Gurbani Judge|Bani J]]
}}
| num_episodes = 17
| network = [[MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2006|11|11}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2007|03|03}}
| episode_list =
| prev_series = Season 3
| next_series =
}}

'''''MTV Roadies 4''''' is the fourth season of reality game show ''MTV Roadies'' that aired on [[MTV India]] from 2006 to 2007.<ref name="indiantv">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/nov/nov118.htm |title=MTV 'Hero Honda Roadies 4' to kick off on 11 November |publisher=Indiantelevision.com |date=10 November 2006 |accessdate=13 March 2013}}</ref> Hosted by [[Rannvijay Singha|MTV VJ Rannvijay]], the show features 13 contestants who ride [[Hero Honda Karizma R|Hero Honda Karizma bikes]] on a journey where they endure "sun, snow, rain and physical and mental stress, while complex challenges are thrown at them from every direction."<ref name="indiantv"/> In keeping with the reality contest format, contestants at each episode can be eliminated from the game with a vote out. At the final destination, [[Gangtok]], the winner is awarded a cash prize of up to 500,000 [[Indian rupees]] ({{INR}} 5,00,000).<ref name="indiantv"/> Bollywood actor [[Gulshan Grover]] makes appearances in the season to introduce twists into the game. The show's winner was Anthony Yeh.

''Roadies'' auditions were held in [[Delhi]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Kolkata]], [[Mumbai]] and, for the first time, [[Lucknow]]. A total of 13 Roadies, seven men and six women, were chosen. They are:<ref name="indiantv"/>
# Poonam Thacker
# Anthony Yeh
# Raj Roy
# [[VJ Bani|Gurbani "Bani" Judge]]
# Roopali Anand
# [[Sahil Anand]]
# Sonam Gupta
# Swati Ahuja
# Rishabh Dhir
# [[Vishal Karwal]]
# [[Shaleen Malhotra]]
# [[Ankit Mohan]]
# Amandeep "Oorja" Narang

==Season 5==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 5
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #CCC
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Rannvijay Singha|Rannvijay Singh]]
| judges = [[Raghu Ram]] [[Nikhil Chinapa]]
| num_contestants = 13
| winner = [[Ashutosh Kaushik]]
| runner_up = Nihal Nikam
}}
| num_episodes = 20
| network = [[MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2007|10|28}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2008|01|13}}
| episode_list =
}}

'''''MTV Roadies 5.0''''' is the fifth season of ''MTV Roadies'', a [[reality television]] show aired on [[MTV India]]. The show was created by [[Raghu Ram]] and is hosted by Rannvijay. "''Roadies'' has travel, adventure, drama, touch of voyeurism..." said Raghu Ram, when asked about the show.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/08/stories/2006090801290400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110184541/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/08/stories/2006090801290400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2008 |title=Tough guys last the course |accessdate=2008-04-01 |author=Liza George |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=8 September 2006 }}</ref> The maximum prize for winning the show was {{INRConvert|5|l}}.<ref name="original">{{cite web|url=http://www.funenclave.com/mtv-roadies/mtv-roadies-a-ripoff-18819.html#post135485|title=MTV Roadies Inspired?|accessdate=2008-05-19}}</ref>

===Contestants===
* 1. Varun
* 2. Prabhjot
* 3. Vibhor
* 4. Ayaz
* 5. Ankita (simran)
* 6. Nihal (Runner up)
* 7. Sonel
* 8. Ashutosh Kaushik (winner)
* 9. Shambhavi Sharma
* 10. Anmol Singh
* 11. Vikrant
* 12. Snehashish
* 13. Ankita

==Season 6==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number =
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #7B3F00
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Rannvijay Singha|Rannvijay Singh]]
| judges = [[Raghu Ram]] [[Rajiv Laxman]]
| num_contestants = 20
| winner = Nauman Sait
| runner_up = Lonkiri Timung
}}
| num_episodes = 21
| network = [[MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2008|11|29}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2009|04|26}}
| episode_list =
}}

'''''MTV Roadies: Hell Down Under''''' is the sixth season of ''MTV Roadies'', a [[reality television]] show aired on [[MTV India]]. The season 6 of roadies was also known as "Hell Down Under" because the second half of season took place in Australia and the tasks were reminiscent of Hell. The audition episodes were aired from 29 November 2008 and the journey episodes began airing on 10 January 2009. The actual journey of the selected Roadies started from 11 November 2008. Its auditions were held in various cities of India, like [[Ahmedabad]], [[Kolkata]], [[Bangalore]] and [[Chandigarh]]. Following mob violence during [[Delhi]] auditions, roadies from Delhi and [[Mumbai]] were shortlisted through online auditions, followed by a Group Discussion and Interview. This is the first time in ''MTV Roadies'' history that [[Nikhil Chinapa]] was replaced by Raghu's identical twin brother, Rajiv Laxman.

Roop Bhinder and [[Palak Johal]] returned as All-Stars for [[MTV Roadies (season 10)|Roadies X - Battle for Glory]]. While Bhinder finished in 11th place Johal won the season.

{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Audition taken in
!Gang
!Notes
|-style="background:#efe;"
| style="background:cyan;"| '''[[Nauman Sait]]'''
|Bangalore
|Om Blues
|'''Winner''', Won total prize money of Rs. 3,62,000 and A Hero Honda Karizma, {{small|Voted out in the 4th episode, re-entered in 7th episode defeating Pradeep in Zorb Task. Nauman defeated Lonkiri in finals.}}
|-style="background:#fee;"
| style="background:cyan;"| '''Longkiri Timung (Kiri)'''
|Kolkata
|{{nowrap|Om Blues}}
|Runner-up. Won a Hero Honda Karizma, {{small|Evicted in the 7th episode by challenge from Sufi in Ladder Task. Brought back in 13th episode by vote-in from the fellow contestants, where he defeated Sufi and Natasha in Plank Task. Lost to Nauman in the finals.}}
|- style="background:#fee;"
| style="background:pink;"|'''Gurmeet Kaur Johal (Palak)'''
|Bangalore
|Om Blues
|Won A Hero Honda Karizma, {{small|Voted out in the 3rd episode, re-entered in 7th episode defeating Bobby in Mechanical Bull task. Evicted by Longkiri in semi final task.}}
|- style="background:#fee;"
| style="background:pink;"|'''Natasha Sinha'''
|Chandigarh
|Brats
|{{small|Voted out in the 11th episode. Brought back in 14th episode but failed in Plank task.}}
|-style="background:#fee;"
| style="background:cyan;"| '''Puneet Malhotra (Sufi)'''
|Mumbai
|
|Won A Hero Honda Karizma, {{small|Voted out in the 1st episode, re-entered in 7th episode defeating Longkiri in Ladder task. Voted out in the 10th episode. Brought back in 13th episode but failed in Plank task}}
|- style="background:#fee;"
| style="background:pink;"|'''Paulami De '''
|Kolkata
|Om Blues
|{{small|Voted out in the 12th episode.}}
|- style="background:#fee;"
| style="background:cyan;"| '''Samrat Kaushal'''
|Ahmedabad
|Om Blues
|Won A Hero Honda Karizma, {{small|Voted out in the 9th episode.}}
|- style="background:#fee;"
| style="background:pink;"|''' Tamanna Sharma (Tammy)'''
|Chandigarh
|Om Blues
| {{small|Voted out in the 8th episode.}}
|- style="background:#fee;"
| style="background:cyan;"| '''Sandeep Singh (Sandy)'''
|New Delhi
|Brats
|{{small|Voted out in the 7th episode.}}
|- style="background:#fee;"
| style="background:pink;"|'''Bobby Chopra'''
|New Delhi
|Brats
|{{small|Evicted in the 7th episode by challenge from Palak in Mechanical Bull task.}}
|- style="background:#fee;"
| style="background:cyan;"| '''Pradeep Singh'''
|New Delhi
|Brats
|{{small|Evicted in the 7th episode by challenge from Nauman in Zorb task.}}
|- style="background:#FFEEEE;"
| style="background:pink;"|'''[[Suzanna Mukherjee]] (Suzi)'''
|Mumbai
|Brats
|{{small|Voted out in the 6th episode.}}
|- style="background:#FFEEEE;"
| style="background:pink;"|'''Roop Bhinder'''
|New Delhi
|Brats
|{{small|Voted out in the 5th episode.}}
|- style="background:#FFEEEE;"
| style="background:cyan;"| '''Devarshi Patel (Dev)'''
|Ahmedabad
|Om Blues
|{{small|Eliminated himself in the 5th episode by voluntarily entering a Casket.}}
|-style="background:#FFEEEE;"
| style="background:pink;"|'''Varisha Hawelia'''
|Kolkata
|Om Blues
|{{small|Voted out in the 2nd episode.}}
|-style="background:#FFEEEE;"
| style="background:pink;"|'''Sonia Chauhan'''
|Chandigarh
|
|{{small|Evicted in the 1st episode, after losing the obstacle race challenge.}}
|-style="background:#FFEEEE;"
| style="background:cyan;"| '''Bhanu Pratap Singh Rana'''
|Ahmedabad
|
|{{small|Evicted in the 1st episode, after losing the obstacle race challenge.}}
|-style="background:#FFEEEE;"
| style="background:pink;"|'''Neha Kapoor'''
|New Delhi
|
|{{small|Evicted in the 1st episode, after losing the obstacle race challenge.}}
|- style="background:#FFEEEE;"
| style="background:cyan;"| '''Ankur Khanduja'''
|Chandigarh
|
|{{small|Evicted in the 1st episode, after losing the obstacle race challenge.}}
|-style="background:#FFEEEE;"
| style="background:cyan;"| '''Vicky Arora'''
|Ahmedabad
|
|{{small|Evicted in the 1st episode, after losing the obstacle race challenge.}}
|}

==Season 7==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number =
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #FFA500
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Rannvijay Singha|Rannvijay Singh]] [[Gurbani Judge|Bani J]]
| judges = [[Nikhil Chinapa]] [[Cyrus Sahukar]]
| num_contestants = 15
| winner = Anwar Syed
| runner_up = Zaid Bin Nazir
}}
| num_episodes = 22
| network = [[MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2009|11|08}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2010|06|25}}
| episode_list =
}}

MTV Roadies 7 (advertised as '''''ROADIES''''') is the seventh season of MTV Roadies, a popular weekly reality television show on [[MTV India]]. The season first aired on 8 November 2009 and is airing its annual "auditions" portion in which the contestants of the show are selected.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtvindia.com/roadies/about.php |title=MTV Hero Honda Roadies |accessdate=2009-11-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901105535/http://www.mtvindia.com/roadies/about.php |archivedate=2009-09-01 }}</ref>
Part of the season took place in Africa

===List of Roadies===

# '''Ameya R. Kadam:''' Ameya is 20-year-old student of Commercial Arts.
# '''Amritpal Singh:''' Amritpal is a 24-year-old guy from Mumbai. He is the adventure loving Roadie in MTV Roadies 7.
# '''Anwar Syed:''' The winner of Roadies 7, Anwar is a 24-year-old guy. He is the sports loving Roadie in Roadies 7.
# '''Bharti Nagpal:''' Bharti Nagpal is a 23-year-old girl from Delhi. She is the travel loving Roadie in MTV Roadies 7.
# '''[[Charlie Chauhan]]:''' Charlie is a 20-year-old female from Shimla. She is fun loving Roadies in Roadies 7.
# '''Eric Roy:''' Eric is a 20-year-old guy from Kolkata. He is the smart Roadies in MTV Roadies 7.
# '''Gaurav Gill:''' Gaurav is a 21-year-old guy from Mumbai. He is music loving Roadies in Roadies 7.
# '''Mannat Mundi:''' Mannat is an 18-year-old girl from Chandigarh. She was challenging rider in MTV Roadies 7.
# '''Meghna Mirgnani:''' Meghna is a 24-year-old girl from Mumbai. She is nature loving Roadies in Roadies 7.
# '''Mohit Malik:''' Mohit is a 19-year-old intelligent guy. He is also a good Roadies in MTV Roadies 7.
# '''Nisha Rana:''' Nisha Rana is a 25-year-old girl from Chandigarh. She is also challenging Roadies in Roadies 7.
# '''Priyanka Roy:''' Priyanka is a 22-year-old female from Kolkata. She is painting loving Roadies in MTV Roadies 7.
# '''Ravneet Kaur:''' Ravneet is an 18-year-old simple girl. She is basketball loving Roadies in Roadies 7.
# '''Vikas Ambwani:''' Vikas is a 24-year-old guy from Kota. He is the hardworking Roadies in MTV Roadies 7.
# '''Vikram Jeet Singh:''' Vikram is a 23-year-old guy from Delhi. He is fun loving rider in Roadies 7.
# '''Yatin Madhok:''' Yatin is a 19-year-old guy from Delhi. He is friendly rider in MTV Roadies 7.
# '''Zaid Bin Nazir:''' Zaid is a 24-year-old guy from Bangalore. He is also fun loving guy who is the Roadies in Roadies 7.
# '''Priyanka Telang:''' Priyanka is a 24-year-old girl.
# '''Rahul Suri:''' Rahul is a 25-year-old guy from Delhi.
# '''Ranjna Rawat:''' Ranjna Rawat is a 21-year-old girl from Chandigarh.
# '''Rishabh Gulati:''' Rishabh is a 20-year-old guy from Delhi.
# '''Sahibjit Singh:''' Sahibjit is a 21-year-old guy from Delhi.
# '''Shweta Bisen:''' Shweta is a 24-year-old girl from Nagpur.

==Season 8==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number =
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #D4AF37
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Rannvijay Singha|Rannvijay Singh]]
| judges = [[Raghu Ram]] [[Rajiv Laxman]]
| num_contestants = 13
| winner = [[Aanchal Khurana]]
| runner_up = Mohit Saggar
}}
| num_episodes = 28
| network = [[MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2011|01|19}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2011|06|18}}
| episode_list =
}}

'''''MTV Roadies Shortcut To Hell''''' is the eighth season of ''MTV Roadies'', a [[reality television]] show aired on [[MTV India]]. The season 8 of roadies was also known as "Shortcut To Hell" as the second half of the season took place in [[Brazil]]. The audition episodes were aired from 22 January 2011 and the journey episodes began airing on 5 March 2011. Its auditions were held in various cities of India, like [[Ahmedabad]], [[Kolkata]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Delhi]] and [[Pune]]. The audition is done by [[Raghu Ram]], Rajiv Laxman and [[Rannvijay Singha|Rannvijay Singh]]. The title was won by Aanchal Khurana from Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?ID%3DENTEN20110178131%26keyword%3Dtelevision%26subcatg%3DMOVIESINDIA%26nid%3D113248 |title=Aanchal Khurana Wins MTV Roadies 8 |accessdate=2011-06-19 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110620191602/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?ID=ENTEN20110178131&keyword=television&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&nid=113248 |archivedate=2011-06-20 }}</ref>

Avtar Nischal, Suchit Vikram Singh, and Mohit Saggar returned as All-Stars for [[MTV Roadies season 10|Roadies X - Battle for Glory]]. Nischal withdrew in mid-season, Singh finished in 10th place and Saggar eventually placed as 2nd Runner-up.

===Contestants===
There were thirteen contestants overall.

{|class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center"
! width=170|Contestant
!width=170| Finish
! width=100| Total Votes
|-
|align="left"|'''[[Aanchal Khurana]] ''' [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] 
|<s>4th Voted out</s> Winner
|6
|-
|align="left"|'''Mohit Saggar''' [[Chandigarh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] 
|11th Voted out Runner-up
|9
|-
|align="left"|'''Suchit Vikram Singh''' [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] 
|Eliminated in Finals
|5
|-
|align="left"|'''[[Pooja Banerjee]]''' [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|10th Voted out
|5
|-
|align="left"|'''Anamika Datta''' [[Chandigarh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] 
|Eliminated in Quarterfinals
|1
|-
|align="left"|'''Rahul Sheoron''' [[Chandigarh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] 
|<s>1st Voted out</s> 9th Voted out
|11
|-
|align="left"|'''Suraj Chinnadore''' [[Delhi]], [[Haryana]] 
|8th Voted out
|9
|-
|align="left"|'''Vibhor Sharma''' [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] 
|7th Voted out
|8
|-
|align="left"|'''Chandni''' [[Ahmedabad, India|Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]] 
|6th Voted out
|8
|-
|align="left"|'''Prachi Agarwal''' [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]] 
|5th Voted out
|2
|-
|align="left"|'''Renee Dhyani''' [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] 
|4th Voted out
|4
|-
|align="left"|'''Dev Singh''' [[Chandigarh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] 
|3rd Voted out
|7
|-
|align="left"|'''Avtar Nischal''' [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] 
|2nd Voted out
| 8
|}

==Season 9==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number =
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #000
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Rannvijay Singha|Rannvijay Singh]]
| judges = [[Raghu Ram]] [[Rajiv Laxman]]
| num_contestants = 13
| winner = Vikas Khoker
| runner_up = Himani Sharma
}}
| num_episodes = 27
| network = [[MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2012|01|07}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2012|06|30}}
| episode_list =
}}

'''''MTV Roadies 9 : Everything or Nothing''''' is the ninth season of MTV Roadies, a reality television show aired on [[MTV India]]. The auditions started on 16 September from Pune following with Audition in Kolkata, Delhi, Chandhigarh and Hyderabad. Part of the season will take place in United States of America. The show started airing on [[MTV India]] from 7 January 2012 and every new episode aired on Saturdays at 7 p.m. [[Indian Standard Time|IST]].

The series was won by Vikas Khoker from Chandigarh. He won the title on 30 June 2012 and walked away with a total cash prize of ₹ {{formatnum:617000}}.

Anirudh Sharma and Diyali Chauhan returned as All-Stars for [[MTV Roadies (season 10)|Roadies X – Battle for Glory]]. Chauhan finished in 15th place and Sharma placed as 3rd Runner-up.

===Contestants===
There were thirteen contestants overall.

{|class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center"
! width=150|Contestant
!width=150| Finish
! width=100| Total Votes
|-
|align="left"|'''Vikas Khoker''' [[Chandigarh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] 
|<s>8th Voted out</s> Winner
|5
|-
|align="left"|'''Himani Sharma''' [[Chandigarh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] 
|Runner-up
|1
|-
|align="left"|'''Vinay Abhishek''' [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], Andhra Pradesh 
|Eliminated in Finals
|1
|-
|align="left"|'''Kanak Raju''' [[Delhi]], Uttar Pradesh 
| <s>2nd Voted out</s> Eliminated in Finals
|9
|-
|align="left"|'''Taranjeet Kaur''' [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], Andhra Pradesh
|<s>5th Voted out</s> Eliminated in Finals
|7
|-
|align="left"|'''Arsh Shearif''' [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], Andhra Pradesh
|<s>1st Voted out</s> 12th Voted out
|14
|-
|align="left"|'''Manali Banerjee''' [[Kolkata]], West Bengal 
|11th Voted out
|9
|-
|align="left"|'''Pratima Dagar''' [[Delhi]], Haryana 
|10th Voted out
|9
|-
|align="left"|'''Diyali Chauhan''' [[Delhi]], Uttar Pradesh 
|9th Voted out
|8
|-
|align="left"|'''Abhishek Shetty''' [[Pune]], Maharashtra 
|7th Voted out
|16
|-
|align="left"|'''Khushbu Patel''' [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], Andhra Pradesh
|6th Voted out
|5
|-
|align="left"|'''Dimpy Yadav''' [[Chandigarh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] 
|4th Voted out
|8
|-
|align="left"|'''Anirudh Sharma''' [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], Andhra Pradesh
|3rd Voted out
| 1
|}
:''The '''Total Votes''' is the number of votes a roadie has received during Vote-outs where the roadie is eligible to be eliminated from the game.''

==Season 10==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number =
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #FFFFFF
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Gurbani Judge|Bani J]]
| judges = [[Raghu Ram]] [[Rajiv Laxman]] [[Rannvijay Singha|Rannvijay Singh]]
| num_contestants = 16
| winner = Palak Johal
| runner_up = Ramandeep Kaur
}}
| num_episodes = 17
| network = [[MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2013|01|19}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2013|05|11}}
| episode_list =
}}

'''''MTV Roadies X : Battle for Glory''''' is the tenth season of MTV Roadies, a reality television show aired on [[MTV India]]. The auditions started on 31 October 2012 and were held in Pune, Delhi, Chandigarh and Hyderabad. The show started airing on [[MTV India]] from 19 January 2013 with new episodes airing every Saturday at 7:00 pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]].

The series was won by veteran roadie [[Palak Johal]], originally from Season 6, of Team Raghu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/roadies-10-palak-johal-wins-the-show-defeats-ramandeep-in-the-finale/391137-44-124.html |title=Roadies 10: Palak Johal wins the show, defeats Ramandeep in the finale |website=ibnlive.in.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607012346/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/roadies-10-palak-johal-wins-the-show-defeats-ramandeep-in-the-finale/391137-44-124.html |archive-date=7 June 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> She won the title on 11 May 2013. Her grand price included a total cash price of ₹ 450,000, a Hero Impulse bike and an HP laptop.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pardaphash.com/news/mtv-roadies-10-palak-johal-beat-anchal-to-bag-crown/713024.html |title=MTV Roadies 10: Palak Johal Beat Anchal to Bag Crown |accessdate=2013-05-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607200346/http://www.pardaphash.com/news/mtv-roadies-10-palak-johal-beat-anchal-to-bag-crown/713024.html |archivedate=2013-06-07 }}</ref>

===Contestants===
There were sixteen contestants overall.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center"
|-
!width=150| Contestant
!width=120| Original Team
!width=120| Switched Team
!width=150| Finish
!width=100| Total Votes
|-
|align="left"|'''Palak Johal''' [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]] 
|{{stribe|villains|Raghu}}
|{{stribe|villains|Raghu}}
|Winner
|1
|-
|align="left"|'''Ramandeep Kaur Dhillon''' [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]]
|{{stribe|heroes|Rannvijay}}
|{{stribe|heroes|Rannvijay}}
|Runner-up
|5
|-
|align="left"|'''Mohit Saggar''' [[Chandigarh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] 
|{{stribe|villains|Raghu}}
|{{stribe|villains|Raghu}}
|Eliminated in Finale
|7
|-
|align="left"|'''Anirudh Sharma''' [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] 
|{{stribe|villains|Raghu}}
|{{stribe|heroes|Rannvijay}}
|Eliminated in Finale
|4
|-
|align="left"|'''Gaurav Singh''' [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{stribe|heroes|Rannvijay}}
|{{stribe|heroes|Rannvijay}}
|Eliminated in Semifinal
|8
|-
|align="left"|'''Sonal Sharma''' [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]] 
| {{stribe|heroes|Rannvijay}}
|{{stribe|heroes|Rannvijay}}
|Eliminated in Semifinal
|5
|-
|align="left"|'''Harmeet Singh''' [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]] 
|{{stribe|heroes|Rannvijay}}
|{{stribe|villains|Raghu}}
|Eliminated in Episode 10
|6
|-
|align="left"|'''Swati Goswami''' [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]]
|{{stribe|heroes|Rannvijay}}
|{{stribe|villains|Raghu}}
|Eliminated in Episode 9
|7
|-
|align="left"|'''Suchit Vikram Singh''' [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]] 
|{{stribe|villains|Raghu}}
|{{stribe|villains|Raghu}}
|Eliminated in Episode 8
|4
|-
|align="left"|'''Roopali Anand''' [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]]
|{{stribe|villains|Raghu}}
|{{stribe|heroes|Rannvijay}}
|Eliminated in Episode 8
|4
|-
|align="left"|'''Roop Bhinder''' [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]]
|{{stribe|villains|Raghu}}
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="darkgray"|
|Eliminated in Episode 6
|9
|-
|align="left"|'''Geetika Budhiraja''' [[Chandigarh]], [[Punjab]] 
|{{stribe|heroes|Rannvijay}}
|Eliminated in Episode 6
|11
|-
|align="left"|'''Avtar Nischal''' [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]]
|{{stribe|villains|Raghu}}
|Forfeited in Episode 5
|6
|-
|align="left"|'''Vikas Kumar''' [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] 
|{{stribe|heroes|Rannvijay}}
|Eliminated in Episode 3
|3
|-
|align="left"|'''Diyali Chauhan''' [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] 
|{{stribe|villains|Raghu}}
|Eliminated in Episode 2
|5
|-
|align="left"|'''Jahid Kalim''' [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]] 
|{{stribe|heroes|Rannvijay}}
|Eliminated in Episode 2
|7
|}
:''The '''Total Votes''' is the number of votes a roadie has received during Vote-outs where the roadie is eligible to be eliminated from the game.''

==Season 11==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number =
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #FEDF00
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Gurbani Judge|Bani J]]
| judges = [[Rannvijay Singha|Rannvijay Singh]] [[Raghu Ram]]
| num_contestants = 15
| winner = Nikhil Sachdeva
| runner_up = Utkarsh Khanna
}}
| num_episodes = 18
| network = [[MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2014|01|25}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2014|05|18}}
| episode_list =
}}

'''''MTV Roadies X1 : Ride for Respect''''' is the eleventh season of [[India]]n [[reality show]] MTV Roadies.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/the-ride-is-smoother/|title=The Ride is Smoother|date=25 November 2013}}</ref> The show was hosted by [[Rannvijay Singha|Rannvijay Singh]],<ref name=RVJ>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/rannvijay-singh-turns-producer/|title=Rannvijay Singh turns producer|date=8 November 2013}}</ref><ref>[http://www.indiantelevision.org.in/headlines/y2k13/oct/oct125.php Seven boys and girls will ride for respect on ‘MTV Hero Roadies X1’ - Indian Television]</ref> who was also one of the judges, along with [[Raghu Ram]], during personal interview rounds. It started airing on [[MTV India]] from 25 January 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mtv.in.com/blogs/shows/general/mtv-hero-roadies-x1-is-here-51551289.html|title=MTV HERO ROADIES X1 IS HERE!|date=11 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111213031/http://mtv.in.com/blogs/shows/general/mtv-hero-roadies-x1-is-here-51551289.html |archive-date=11 November 2013 }}</ref>

The series was won by Nikhil Sachdeva (also popularly known as Nick). He won the title on 18 May 2014. His grand price included a Hero Impulse bike and a total cash price of {{INR}} 320,000.

===Contestants===
There are fourteen contestants selected from 4 cities.
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center"
|-
! width=160|Contestant
!width=170| Finish
|-
|align="left"|'''Nikhil Sachdeva ''' [[Delhi]] 
|Winner
|-
|align="left"|'''Utkarsh Khanna''' [[Chandigarh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] 
|Runner-up
|-
|align="left"|'''Meher Gill''' [[Chandigarh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] 
|<s>Eliminated in Episode 4</s> Eliminated in Finale
|-
|align="left"|'''Garima Bhateja ''' [[Delhi]] 
|Eliminated in Finale
|-
|align="left"|'''Ajay Sehrawat''' [[Delhi]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 10
|-
|align="left"|'''Taru PK''' [[Delhi]]
|Eliminated in Episode 10
|-
|align="left"|'''Montek Verma''' [[Delhi]] 
|Eliminate in Episode 10
|-
|align="left"|'''Rashika Singh''' [[Delhi]]
|Eliminate in Episode 10
|-
|align="left"|'''Charu Bakshi''' [[Delhi]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 8
|-
|align="left"|'''Siddharth Krishna''' [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] 
|<s>Eliminated in Episode 6</s>
Eliminated in Episode 8
|-
|align="left"|'''Pallavi Sharma''' [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 6
|-
|align="left"|'''Rajkumar Singh''' [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 4
|-
|align="left"|'''Nikhat Khan''' [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 2
|-
|align="left"|'''Rishie''' [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 2
|-
|align="left"|'''Anjali Rangi''' [[Chandigarh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 2
|}

==Season 12==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number =
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #834079
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Gurbani Judge]]
| judges = [[Rannvijay Singha|Rannvijay Singh]] [[Esha Deol]] [[Karan Kundrra]] [[Vijender Singh]]
| num_contestants = 22
| winner = [[Prince Narula]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Prince-Narula-wins-MTV-Roadies-X2/articleshow/47851184.cms|title=Prince Narula wins 'MTV Roadies X2'|work=The Times of India|access-date=12 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630171045/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Prince-Narula-wins-MTV-Roadies-X2/articleshow/47851184.cms|archive-date=30 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{small|(Gang Rannvijay)}}
| runner_up = Gurmeet Rehal {{small| (Gang Vijender)}}
}}
| num_episodes = 22
| network = [[MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2015|01|26}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2015|06|27}}
| episode_list =
| next_series = [[MTV Roadies (season 14)|Season 14]]
}}

'''''MTV Roadies X2''''' is the 12th season of [[India]]n [[reality show]] MTV Roadies.<ref name="auto"/>

===Contestants===
There are twenty two contestants selected from 4 cities.
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="margin:auto; text-align:center"
|+
! width=160|Contestant
!width=170| Finish
|-
|align="left"|'''1st [[Prince Narula]]''' [[Pune]] 
|Winner
|-
|align="left"|'''2nd Gurmeet Rehal''' [[Delhi]] 
|Runner-up
|-
|align="left"|'''3rd Rizwan''' [[Pune]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 21
|-
|align="left"|'''4th Rajatdeep''' [[Delhi]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 21
|-
|align="left"|'''Amneet''' [[Delhi]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 21
|-
|align="left"|'''Kajal''' [[Chandigarh]]
|Eliminated in Episode 21
|-
|align="left"|'''[[Varun Sood (actor)|Varun Sood]]''' [[Delhi]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 20
|-
|align="left"|'''Martina''' [[Pune]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 20
|-
|align="left"|'''Archis''' [[Pune]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 19
|-
|align="left"|'''Ishpi''' [[Delhi]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 18
|-
|align="left"|'''Nitu''' [[Kolkata]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 17
|-
|align="left"|'''Ajay hooda''' [[Chandigarh]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 16
|-
|align="left"|'''Monica''' [[Chandigarh]]
|Eliminated in Episode 16
|-
|align="left"|'''Hussain''' [[Delhi]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 15
|-
|align="left"|'''Aviral''' [[Delhi]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 14
|-
|align="left"|'''Ishita''' [[Chandigarh]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 13
|-
|align="left"|'''Jay''' [[Pune]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 12
|-
|align="left"|'''Madhuri''' [[Delhi]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 11
|-
|align="left"|'''Mamta''' [[Delhi]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 11
|-
|align="left"|'''Bhuvan''' [[Chandigarh]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 11
|-
|align="left"|'''Nabila''' [[Kolkata]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 9
|-
|align="left"|'''Shruti''' [[Delhi]] 
|Eliminated in Episode 8
|}

==Season 13==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 13
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #644117
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Gaelyn Mendonca]]
| judges = [[Rannvijay Singha]] [[Karan Kundrra]] [[Neha Dhupia]] [[Sushil Kumar]] [[Prince Narula]] (replacing Sushil Kumar on journey)
| num_contestants = 22
| winner = Balraj Singh Khehra {{small|(Gang Karan)}}
| runner_up = Navdeesh Arora {{small|(Gang Prince)}}
}}
| num_episodes = 24
| network = [[MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2016|02|20}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2016|06|19}}
| episode_list =
| prev_series = [[MTV Roadies (season 12)|Season 12]]
}}
'''MTV Roadies X4: Your Gang, Your Glory''' is the thirteenth season of [[India]]n [[reality show]] ''MTV Roadies''. The show is hosted by [[Gaelyn Mendonca]]. It started airing on [[MTV India]] from 20 February 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/roadies-X4/updates/49945901.cms|title=Roadies X4 Latest Updates & Tweets - The Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2016-05-24}}</ref> The audition episodes were aired from 20 February 2016 and the journey episodes began airing on 6 April 2016. Its auditions were held in various cities of India, like [[Chandigarh]], [[Delhi]], [[Pune]] and [[Lucknow]]. The auditions were taken by the four aspiring gang leaders – [[Rannvijay Singha]], [[Karan Kundrra]], [[Neha Dhupia]] and [[Sushil Kumar]]. After a prestigious finale, Balraj was crowned as the winner.

=== Contestants ===
There were originally 20 contestants at the beginning of the journey. Battleground winner contestant Benafsha Soonawalla entered in episode 6, and Shivangi Walia replaced Kavya Khurana in episode 9, bringing the total contestant number to 22.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://biggbossreview.com/mtv-roadies-x4-selected-contestants-name-list/|title=MTV Roadies X4 Selected Contestants Name List - Bigg Boss Review|date=2016-03-01|website=Bigg Boss Review|language=en-US|access-date=2016-05-24}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Contestant
!Gang
!Finish
!Total votes
|-
!Anamika Barman
|Prince
|Eliminated in semi-finals
|0
|-
!Anseela
|Neha
|
|4
|-
!Benafsha Soonawalla
|Karan
|
|0
|-
!Divya Verma
|Neha
|Eliminated in semi-finals
|5
|-
!Gaurav Alugh
|Karan
|Eliminated in the Grand Finale
|10
|-
!Hifsa Sharma
|Rannvijay
|
|9
|-
!Satish Kumar
|Neha
|Eliminated in the Semi-Finale
|0
|-
!Navdeesh Arora
|Prince
|Eliminated in Grand Finale
|0
|-
!Rubal Dhankar
|Rannvijay
|
|0
|-
!Saad Choudhary
|Karan
|
|4
|-
!Tej Singh Gill
|Rannvijay

|
|0
|-
!Shivangi Walia
|Karan
|
|3
|-
!Yogesh Jadhav
|Prince
|Voted-out in 6th vote-out
|10
|-
!Tarasha Diva
|Rannvijay
|Voted-out in 5th vote-out(wild card entry;replacing Hifsa;voted out)
|6
|-
!Ocean Singh
|Neha
|Voted-out in 5th vote-out
|22
|-
!Kavya Khurana
|Karan
|Forfeited due to ligament injury
|4
|-
!Sunny Valia
|Prince
|Voted-out in 4th vote-out
|8
|-
!Karishma Arora
|Rannvijay
|Voted-out in 3rd vote-out
|7
|-
!Balraj Singh Khehra
|Karan
|{{Won}}
|8
|-
!Bharti Bhati
|Prince
|Voted-out in 2nd vote-out
|9
|-
!Mahamedhaa Nagar
|Karan
|Eliminated
|0
|-
!Rohan Pillai
|Neha
|Voted-out in 1st vote-out
|8
|}

==Season 14==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 14
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #CCC
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Gaelyn Mendonca]]
| judges = [[Rannvijay Singha]] [[Karan Kundrra]] [[Neha Dhupia]] [[Prince Narula]] [[Harbhajan Singh]] [[Nikhil Chinapa]] (replacing Karan Kundrra on the journey)
| num_contestants = 22
| winner = Shweta Mehta {{small|(Gang Neha)}}
| runner_up = [[Baseer Ali]] {{small|(Gang Prince)}}
}}
| num_episodes = 26
| network = [[MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|02|25}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2017|07|22}}
| episode_list =
}}

'''''MTV Roadies Rising''''' is the fourteenth season of [[India]]n [[reality show]] MTV Roadies. The show is hosted by [[Gaelyn Mendonca]]. It started airing on [[MTV India]] from 25 February 2017. The auditions were taken by the four aspiring gang leaders - [[Rannvijay Singha]], [[Karan Kundrra]], [[Neha Dhupia]] and [[Prince Narula]]. Cricketer [[Harbhajan Singh]] is to play a crucial part.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/sponsored-content/contestants-of-mtv-roadies-rising|title=Meet The Contestants of Renault's MTV Roadies Rising|date=29 May 2017|website=TheQuint}}</ref> Later [[Nikhil Chinapa]] replaced Karan Kundrra as gang leader on the journey. Journey started on 8 April 2017 and Roadies Battleground was on 7 April 2017.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!scope="col" |Vote-out order
! scope="col" |Gang
! scope="col" |Roadie
|-
|bgcolor=gold |Winner
|bgcolor=pink |Neha
|bgcolor=gold |Shweta Mehta
|-
|bgcolor=silver |Runner-up
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=lime|Prince
|bgcolor=silver |[[Baseer Ali]]
|-
|'''3'''
|bgcolor=turquoise |Meenal Shah Semi-finalist
|-
|'''4'''
|bgcolor=blue |{{fontcolor|white |Nikhil}}
|bgcolor=turquoise |Priyank Sharma Semi-finalist
|-
|'''5'''
|bgcolor=pink |{{fontcolor|black |Neha}}
|bgcolor=turquoise |Mandeep Gujjar Semi-finalist
|-
|'''6'''
|rowspan="3" bgcolor=Red|{{fontcolor|white|Rannvijay}}
|bgcolor=turquoise |[[Shiv Thakare]] Semi-finalist
|-
|'''7'''
|Samar Sarkar
|-
|'''8'''
|[[Samyuktha Hegde]]
|-
|'''9'''
|bgcolor=pink |Neha
|Shane Luke
|-
|'''10'''
|bgcolor=red |{{fontcolor|white|Rannvijay}}
|Veerpal Dhaliwal
|-
|'''11'''
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=blue |{{fontcolor|white|Nikhil}}
|Khushnuma Pathan
|-
|'''12'''
|Rahul Gautam
|-
|'''13'''
|bgcolor=red |{{fontcolor|white|Rannvijay}}
|Aggy Carvalho
|-
|'''14'''
|bgcolor=lime |Prince
|Varun Verma
|-
|'''15'''
|bgcolor=pink |Neha
|Rakhi Lohchab (Walked)
|-
|'''16'''
|bgcolor=lime |Prince
|Jagriti Jha
|-
|'''17'''
|bgcolor=grey|{{fontcolor|white|Neha and Ranvijay}}
|Mandeep and Veerpal
|-
|'''18'''
|bgcolor=lime |Prince
|[[Jibran Dar]] (Ejected)
|-
|'''19'''
|bgcolor=blue |{{fontcolor|white|Nikhil}}
|Prabhjot Kaur
|-
|'''20'''
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=lime |Prince
|Divya Oswal
|-
|'''21'''
|Milan Verma
|-
|'''22'''
|bgcolor=pink |Neha
|Gurpreet Kaur
|-
|}

==Season 15==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 15
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #00AB66
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Rannvijay Singha]]
| judges = [[Prince Narula]] [[Neha Dhupia]] [[Nikhil Chinapa]] [[Raftaar (rapper)|Raftaar]]
| num_contestants = 24
| winner = Kashish Thakur{{small|(Gang Neha)}}
| runner_up = Preeti Kuntal {{small|(Gang Prince)}}

}}
| num_episodes = 28
| network = [[MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2018|02|18}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2018|08|04}}
| episode_list =
}}

'''''MTV Roadies Xtreme''''' is the fifteenth season of [[India]]n [[reality show]] MTV Roadies. The show is hosted by [[Rannvijay Singha]]. It started airing on [[MTV India]] from 18 February 2018. The auditions were taken by Rannvijay Singha and the four aspiring gang leaders - [[Raftaar (rapper)|Raftaar]], [[Nikhil Chinapa]], [[Neha Dhupia]] and [[Prince Narula]] and from this season, Rannvijay serves as a mentor and host.<ref>[http://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/written-updates/article/roadies-15-returns-with-xtreme-adventure-and-thrill-details-inside/198863 Roadies 16 returns with Xtreme adventure and thrill.] [[Times Now]] 15 February 2018</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|last2=|first2=|last3=|first3=|title=Congratulations! Kashish Thakur Pundir is the winner of Roadies Xtreme|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/congratulations-kashish-thakur-pundir-is-the-winner-of-roadies-xtreme-1306169-2018-08-06|access-date=2021-03-25|website=India Today|date=6 August 2018|language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!scope="col" |Order
! scope="col" |Gang
! scope="col" |Roadie
! scope="col" |Total votes
|-
|bgcolor=gold|'''Winner'''
|bgcolor=pink|Neha
|Kashish
|bgcolor=gold|'''Winner'''
|-
|bgcolor=silver|'''1st Runner up'''
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lime" |Prince
|Preeti
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=silver|
'''Finalists'''
|-
|bgcolor= brown|'''2nd Runner up'''
|Nishkarsh
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''13'''
|bgcolor= Pink|Neha
|Surbhi
| rowspan="5" bgcolor=orange|
'''{{fontcolor|black|Semi Finalist}}'''
|-
| bgcolor="lime" |Prince
|Sharan
|-
| bgcolor="yellow" |Raftaar
|Abhishek
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''12'''
|bgcolor=Blue|{{fontcolor|White|Nikhil}}
|Shruti
|-
|bgcolor=yellow|Raftaar
|Sonu
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''11'''
|bgcolor=Blue|{{fontcolor|White|Nikhil}}
|Rohan
|4
|-
|bgcolor= yellow|Raftaar
|Shubhada
|3
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''10'''
|bgcolor=pink|Neha
|Nikav
|6
|-
|bgcolor= yellow|Raftaar
|Geetika
|6
|-
|'''9'''
|bgcolor=Blue|{{fontcolor|White|Nikhil}}
|Mahekdeep
|9
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''8'''
|bgcolor=pink|Neha
|Kriti
|4
|-
|bgcolor=blue|{{fontcolor|White|Nikhil}}
|Iram
|6
|-
|'''7'''
|bgcolor=lime|Prince
|Minni
|8
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''6'''
|bgcolor=pink|Neha
|Sandy
|3
|-
|bgcolor=yellow|Raftaar
|Pavneet
|2
|-
|bgcolor=lime|Prince
|Khursheed
|3
|-
|'''5'''
|bgcolor=yellow|Raftaar
|Farah
|9
|-
|'''4'''
| rowspan="5" bgcolor="gray" |No
Gang
|Priya
|11
|-
|'''3'''
|Samiksha
|7
|-
|'''2'''
|Bibek
|Quit
|-
|'''1'''
|Vidit
|11
|-
|}

==Season 16==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 16
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #FFA07A
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Rannvijay Singha]]
| judges = [[Neha Dhupia]] [[Prince Narula]] [[Nikhil Chinapa]] [[Raftaar (rapper)|Raftaar]] [[Sandeep Singh]]
| num_contestants = 27
| winner = Arun Sharma {{small|(Gang Raftaar)}}
| runner_up = Ankita Pathak {{small|(Gang Prince)}}
}}
| num_episodes = 28
| network = [[MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2019|02|10|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2019|08|18|df=yes}}
| episode_list =
}}

''''' MTV Roadies: Real Heroes''''' was the sixteenth season of the Indian reality show MTV Roadies, which premiered on [[MTV India]] from 10 February 2019. The audition were taken by [[Rannvijay Singha]] & the four returning gang leaders - [[Prince Narula]], [[Nikhil Chinapa]], [[Neha Dhupia]] and [[Raftaar (rapper)|Raftaar]] along with new gang leader [[Sandeep Singh]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/roadies-real-heroes-all-you-want-to-know-about-16th-season-1450916-2019-02-08|title=Roadies Real Heroes: All you want to know about the 17th season|website=India Today|date=8 February 2019|accessdate=26 March 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/5-things-to-look-forward-to-in-roadies-real-heroes-season-16/20378150|title=5 things to look forward to in Roadies Real Heroes|website=Mid-day|date=8 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Rannvijay continued to serve as a mentor and host, while Divya Agarwal and [[Varun Sood (actor)|Varun Sood]] played the role of Roadies Insiders. [[Baseer Ali]] hosted the [[Voot]] segments with Shruti Sinha.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="3" scope="col" |Roadie
!Status
! scope="col" |Total Votes
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="Yellow" |
|{{fontcolor|golden| Arun Sharma }} [[File:Playing card heart A.svg| 13x13px]]
|
| bgcolor="gold" |'''Winner'''
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" bgcolor="Lime" |
| Ankita Pathak
|
| bgcolor="silver" |1st Runner-up
|-
| Bidhan Shrestha
|
| bgcolor="brown" | 2nd Runner-up
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" bgcolor="blue" |
|Lakshya
|
| rowspan="5" bgcolor="orange" |{{fontcolor|Black|Semi finalist}}
|-
|Bhargsethu
|
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="red" |
| rowspan="2" |Tara Prasad
|
|-
|Bgcolor=red|
|Bgcolor=pink|
|
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" bgcolor="lime" |
|Yukti Arora
|
|-
|Gaurav
|
|Released
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="red" |
|Ashish Bhatia
|
|Eliminated
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" bgcolor="pink" |
|Milind Chandwani
|
| rowspan="2" |Knocked out{{ref|3|3}}
|-
|Sohil Singh
|
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="red" |
|Sahiba Kaur
|
|6
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="blue" |
|Simran Kaur Purewal
|
|2
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" bgcolor="yellow" |
|Aarushi Dutta
|
|3
|-
|Rachal Gupta
|
|4
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="red" |
|Rashmeet Kaur Sethi
|
|<s>10</s> 1{{ref|1|1}}
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="Blue" |
|Aadil
|
|7
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="Pink" |
|Nikita
|
|2
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="Blue" |
|Priya
|
|2
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" bgcolor="red" |
|Chetna
|
|3
|-
|Tarun
|
|4
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="pink" |
|Pooja
|
|9
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="yellow" |
|Xerxes
|
|11
|-
| colspan="3" |Krishna Kaul
|
|10
|-
| colspan="3" |Preeti
|
|15
|-
| colspan="3" |Niharika
|
|7
|-
| colspan="3" |Rupesh
|
|6
|-
|}

; Notes:
*{{note|1|1}} - The total votes were countered which resulted in a tie(1–1–1), but due to Rashmeet having received 10 votes as the majority, she was voted out. 
*{{note|2|2}} - Both Aarushi and Rachel were voted out in the fight to vote task with only the Roadie who escaped the cage would vote.
*{{note|3|3}} - Gang Neha was Knocked out by gang Sandeep.
*{{note|4|4}} - Gaurav was released as heinjured his arm in a challenge prior.
*
[[File:Playing card heart A.svg| 18x18px]] indicates battleground entry. [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|18x18px]] indicates roadie re-entered as wildcard.
'''Color Keys'''
:{{Color box|red|border=silver}} Gang Sandeep
:{{Color box|pink|border=silver}} Gang Neha
:{{Color box|lime|border=silver}} Gang Prince
:{{Color box|yellow|border=silver}} Gang Raftaar
:{{Color box|blue|border=silver}} Gang Nikhil

==Season 17==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 17
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #339AFF
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = '''[[Rannvijay Singha]]'''
| judges = [[Prince Narula]] [[Neha Dhupia]] [[Nikhil Chinapa]] [[Raftaar (rapper)|Raftaar]] [[Varun Sood (actor)|Varun Sood]] (Replacing Raftaar)
| num_contestants = 23
| winner = Hamid Barkzi
| runner_up = Michael Ajay
}}
| num_episodes = 36
| network = [[MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2020|02|15}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2021|01|16}}
| episode_list = https://bn.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6
}}

'''''MTV Roadies: Revolution''''' is the seventeenth season of MTV Roadies, which premiered on [[MTV India]] from 15 February 2020. [[Prince Narula]], [[Nikhil Chinapa]], [[Neha Dhupia]] and [[Raftaar]] ([[Varun Sood (actor)|Varun Sood]] replaced him mid season) returned as Leaders while [[Rannvijay Singha|Rannvijay Singh]] continues as the host.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mtvindia.com/shows/mtvroadiesrevolution/|title=MTV Roadies Revolution|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newstodayx.com/category/tv/roadies17/|title=Mtv Akash Verma {{!}} NewsTodayx.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref>

In this season, there is no gang leader nor any gang. The contestants are going to fight solo during their journey right from the beginning. In the previous seasons from [[Roadies X2]] contestants are grouped into gangs under a gang leader to perform their tasks and they fight solo towards the end of the show.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newstodayx.com/tv/roadies17/mtv-roadies-revolution-no-gang-leaders-no-gang-only-leaders-stars-leads-to-win/|title=Mtv Roadies Revolution: No Gang leaders, No Gang, only leaders, Stars leads to win {{!}} NewsTodayx.com|date=2020-02-16|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-05-18|title=Griffin Boyka & Rannvijay Singha (Mtv Roadies Revolution)|url=https://www.newstodayx.com/tv/roadies18/griffin-boyka-rannvijay-singha/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=NewsTodayx}}</ref>

For the very first time, the show is being streamed on [[Voot]] 24hr before TV steaming platform a day before the TV which is made exclusively available only to Voot Select subscribers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/mtv-roadies/100015|title=MTV Roadies|last=|first=|date=|website=Voot|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-03}}</ref>

==Season 18==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 18
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = brown
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Sonu Sood]] {{small|(Host)}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/how-sonu-sood-prepared-to-host-mtv-roadies-he-turned-into-a-roadie-to-connect-with-contestants/articleshow/90718349.cms|title=Sonu Sood | MTV Roadies : How Sonu Sood prepared to host 'MTV Roadies'? He turned into a Roadie to connect with contestants|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=8 April 2022 }}</ref> Abhimanyu Raghav Vishakha Fulsugne {{small|(Roadies Insiders)}}
| num_contestants = 20
| winner = Ashish Bhatia Nandini G
| runner_up = Yukti Arora Jashwanth Bopanna
}}
| num_episodes = 34
| network = [[MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2022|4|8}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2022|7|10}}
| episode_list =
}}

'''''MTV Roadies: Journey in South Africa''''' is the eighteenth season of India ''MTV Roadies'' produced by Pippip Media Private Limited. It premiered on [[MTV (Indian TV channel)|MTV]] on 8 April 2022.

A spin-off series, Roadies - All Access Star hosted by [[Gaelyn Mendonca]] and judged by [[Arjun Kanungo]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/arjun-kanungo-to-judge-new-digital-show-roadies-all-access-star/articleshow/89119147.cms|title=Arjun Kanungo to judge new digital show 'Roadies All Access Star'|last=|first=|date=2022-02-04|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en|access-date=2022-02-04}}</ref> streamed exclusively on [[Voot]].

On 10 July 2022, Ashish Bhatia and Nandini G emerged as winners of the season, and for first time there were two winners. Jashwanth Bopanna and Yukti Arora were the first runners-up and Kevin Almasifar and Moose Jattana were 2nd runners-up.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ashish-bhatia-and-nandini-win-sonu-sood-hosted-mtv-roadies-18-8022819/|title=Ashish Bhatia and Nandini win Sonu Sood-hosted MTV Roadies 18|date=11 July 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Roadie
! colspan="3" scope="col" |Roadies History
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" |Roadies: Journey In South Africa
|-
!Season
!Gang
!Result
|-
| bgcolor="cyan" |
|'''Ashish Bhatia'''
|[[MTV Roadies (season 17)|Roadies: Real Heroes]]
|style ="background:red;" |{{fontcolor|White|Sandeep Singh}}
|9th Place
(Lost; Eliminated)
|Bgcolor="gold"|'''Winner'''
|-
| bgcolor="pink" |
|'''Nandini G'''
! colspan="3" |
| bgcolor="gold" |'''Winner'''
|-
| bgcolor="pink" |
|'''Yukti Arora'''
|[[MTV Roadies (season 17)|Roadies: Real Heroes]]
| bgcolor="Lime" |Prince Narula
|Semi-Finalist
| bgcolor="silver" |1st Runner Up
|-
| bgcolor="cyan" |
|'''Jashwanth Bopanna'''
! colspan="3" |
| bgcolor="silver" |1st Runner Up
|-
| bgcolor="cyan" |
|'''Kevin Almasifar'''
|[[MTV Roadies (season 18)|Roadies: Revolution]]
| bgcolor=grey|''None''
|Eliminated
|Bgcolor="bronze"| {{fontcolor|White|2nd Runner-Up}}
|-
| bgcolor="pink" |
|'''Moose Jattana'''
! colspan="3" |
| bgcolor="Brown" |{{fontcolor|White| <s>{{nowrap|8th Place(Voted out)}}</s> {{nowrap|Re-entered;}} 2nd Runner-Up}}
|-
| bgcolor="cyan" |
| '''Gaurav Alugh'''
| [[MTV Roadies (season 14)|Roadies X4]]
| bgcolor="royalblue" |{{fontcolor|white|Karan Kundrra}}
| Finalist
|<s>8th Place {{nowrap|(Voted out)}}</s>
{{nowrap|Re-entered;}} Semi-Finalist
|-
| bgcolor="pink" |
|'''Simi Talsania'''
! colspan="3" |
|Semi-Finalist
|-
| bgcolor="cyan" |
|'''Sohil Singh Jhuti'''
|[[MTV Roadies (season 17)|Roadies: Real Heroes]]
| bgcolor="Pink" |Neha Dhupia
|10th Place (Lost; Knocked out)
|5th place (Eliminated)
|-
| bgcolor="cyan" |
|'''Sidharth Manoj'''
! colspan="3" |
|5th place (Eliminated)
|-
| bgcolor="pink" |
|'''Aarushi Dutta'''
|[[MTV Roadies (season 17)|Roadies: Real Heroes]]
| bgcolor="Yellow" |{{fontcolor|Black|Raftaar}}
|14th Place {{nowrap|(Lost; Voted out)}}
|<s>9th Place {{nowrap|(Voted out)}}</s>
{{nowrap|Re-entered;}} 6th place (Voted out)
|-
| bgcolor="cyan" |
|'''Arshvir Singh Wahi'''
! colspan="3" |
|<s>7th Place {{nowrap|(Voted out)}}</s>
{{nowrap|Re-entered;}}6th place (Voted out)
|-
| bgcolor="cyan" |
|'''[[Baseer Ali]]'''
|[[MTV Roadies (season 15)|Roadies: Rising]]
| bgcolor=Lime|Prince Narula
|Runner-Up
| 7th place (Voted Out)
|-
| bgcolor="pink" |
|'''Soundous Moufakir'''
! colspan="3" |
|7th place (Voted Out)
|-
| bgcolor="pink" |
|'''Arushi Chawla'''
|[[MTV Roadies (season 18)|Roadies: Revolution]]
| bgcolor=Royalblue|{{fontcolor|White|Nikhil Chinapa}}
|14th Place {{nowrap|(Voted out; Eliminated)}}
|<s>7th Place {{nowrap|(Voted out)}}</s>
{{nowrap|Re-entered;}} 8th place (Voted out)
|-
| bgcolor="pink" |
|'''Sakshi Sharma'''
! colspan="3" |
|8th place (Voted out)
|-
| bgcolor="pink" |
|'''Kavya Khurana'''
|[[MTV Roadies (season 14)|Roadies X4]]
| bgcolor="royalblue" |{{fontcolor|white|Karan Kundrra}}
|17th Place {{nowrap|(Quit; Health Issues)}}
|9th Place {{nowrap|(Voted out)}}
|-
| bgcolor="cyan" |
| '''Tanish Ghorpade'''
! colspan="3" |
|<s>9th Place {{nowrap|(Voted out)}}</s>
{{nowrap|Re-entered; 9th Place}} (Voted out)
|-
| bgcolor="pink" |
|'''Sapna Malik'''
|[[MTV Roadies (season 18)|Roadies: Revolution]]
| style="background:grey;" |None
|21st Place (Voted out)
|<s>10th Place {{nowrap|(Voted out; Eliminated)}}</s>
{{nowrap|Re-entered; 10th Place}} {{nowrap|(Voted out; Eliminated)}}
|-
| bgcolor="cyan" |
| '''Angad Bawa'''
! colspan="3"|
|<s>10th Place {{nowrap|(Voted out; Eliminated)}}</s>
{{nowrap|Re-entered; 10th Place}} {{nowrap|(Voted out; Eliminated)}}
|-
|}

== Season 19 ==
{{Main|MTV Roadies season 19}}
Winner Vashu Jain (Gang Rhea)

== Season 20 ==
{{Infobox television season
| bg_colour = #29311B 
| season_name = ''Roadies Double Cross''
| season_number = 20
| image =
| caption =
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Rannvijay Singha]]
| judges = [[Prince Narula]] [[Neha Dhupia]] [[Rhea Chakraborty]] [[Elvish Yadav]] [[Gautam Gulati]]
| num_contestants = 37
| winner = Kushal "Gullu" Tanwar
 (Gang Elvish)
| runner_up = Hartaaj Singh Gill
 (Gang Prince)
}}
| num_episodes = 42
| network = [[MTV (Indian TV channel)|MTV India]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2025|1|11|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2025|6|1|df=yes}}
|prev_series =[[MTV Roadies: Karm Ya Kaand| Season 19]]
}}

'''''MTV Roadies: Double Cross''''' is the twentieth season of '''MTV Roadies'''. It premiered on [[MTV India]] on 11 January 2025 and is digitally available on [[JioHotstar]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 September 2024 |title=''Roadies XX'' promo: Rannvijay Singha makes a powerful comeback |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/roadies-xx-promo-rannvijay-singha-makes-a-powerful-comeback-find-out-audition-dates-article-113698976/amp |access-date=3 March 2025 |website=Times Now |publisher=Times Now News}}</ref>

The season was won by Kushal "Gullu" Tanwar from Gang Elvish, with Hartaaj Singh Gill from Gang Prince finishing second.

{| class="wikitable" style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:fit;"
! colspan="2" |Roadies
! Status
|-
| style="background:#FA8072;" |
| rowspan="3" |Kushal "Gullu" Tanwar[[File:Playing_card_diamond_A.svg|13x13px]]
| style="background:#f4c7b8; |Eliminated {{small|Episode 26}}
|-
|style="background:#CCCB99;"|
| style="background:salmon;" |[[File:x.svg|32x32px]][[File:x.svg|32x32px]]{{efn|name=fn1|Kushal double-crossed his gang leader, Gautam, and joined Elvish’s gang to gain an advantage in the finale after winning a ticket to finale task.}} {{small|Episode 40}}
|-
|style="background:#FA8072;" |
| bgcolor="Gold" |'''''Winner''''' {{small|Episode 42}}
|-
|style="background:#FA8072;"|
| rowspan="2" | Hartaaj Singh Gill [[File:Playing_card_diamond_A.svg|13x13px]]
| style="background:#FFE4E1;" |Released {{small|Episode 34}}
|-
|style="background:#F8DE7E;"|
| style="background:silver;" |'''''Runner-up''''' {{small|Episode 42}}
|-
|style="background:#B0E0E6;"|
| rowspan="3" | Priya Judoka [[File:Playing_card_diamond_A.svg|13x13px]] [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|13x13px]]
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 32}}
|-
|style="background:#CCCB99;"|
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 41}}
|-
|style="background:#B0E0E6;"|
| style="background:tan;" |Finalist {{small|Episode 42}}
|-
| style="background:#B0E0E6;"|
| rowspan="2" |Rishabh Sachdev [[File:Playing_card_diamond_A.svg|13x13px]]
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 21}}
|-
|style="background:#90EE90;"|
| style="background:tan;" |Finalist {{small|Episode 42}}
|-
| style="background:#CCCB99;" |
| RD Dedha [[File:Playing card heart A.svg| 13x13px]]
| style="background:tan;" |Finalist {{small|Episode 42}}
|-
|style="background:#B0E0E6;"|
| Rohit Singh
| style="background:tan;" |Finalist {{small|Episode 42}}
|-
|style="background:#90EE90;"|
| Manmeet Singh
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 41}}
|-
|style="background:#F8DE7E;"|
| Mannu Chaudhary
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 41}}
|-
|style="background:#F8DE7E;"|
| Gunjan Sharma
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 41}}
|-
|style="background:#F8DE7E;"|
| rowspan="2" | Rengsajir T. Kilingpi
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |<s>Eliminated {{small|Episode 29}}</s>
|-
|style="background:#FA8072;"|
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 41}}
|-
|style="background:#FA8072;" |
| Yogesh Rawat
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 41}}
|-
|style="background:#90EE90;"|
| rowspan="2" | Jeanbi "Jimy" Gangmei [[File:Playing_card_diamond_A.svg|13x13px]]
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 32}}
|-
|style="background:#B0E0E6;"|
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 40}}
|-
|style="background:#B0E0E6;"|
| Yogesh Sharma
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 40}}
|-
|style="background:#90EE90;"|
| rowspan="2" | Harsh Arora [[File:Playing_card_diamond_A.svg|13x13px]]
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 32}}
|-
| style="background:#FA8072;" |
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 38}}
|-
|style="background:#F8DE7E;"|
| rowspan="2" | Nishi Tanwar [[File:Playing_card_diamond_A.svg|13x13px]]
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 29}}
|-
|style="background:#90EE90;"|
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 35}}
|-
|style="background:#F8DE7E;"|
| Alifia Zojwala
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 34}}
|-
|style="background:#FA8072;"|
| rowspan="2" |Devanshi Sharma [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|13x13px]]
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 14}}
|-
| style="background:#CCCB99;" |
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 34}}
|-
| style="background:#CCCB99;" |
| Farhaan Khan [[File:Playing card heart A.svg| 13x13px]]
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 34}}
|-
|style="background:#FA8072;"|
| Kajal Jangra [[File:Playing card heart A.svg| 13x13px]]
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 34}}
|-
|style="background:#90EE90;"|
| Rashmitha Shetty
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 34}}
|-
|style="background:#FA8072;"|
| Sarruchi Mittal
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 34}}
|-
|style="background:#90EE90;"|
| Simran Behl
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 34}}
|-
|style="background:#F8DE7E;"|
| Valence Kundra
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 34}}
|-
|style="background:#90EE90;"|
| Zorawar Singh
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 32}}
|-
|style="background:#90EE90;"|
| rowspan="2" |Ruchita Jamdar [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|13x13px]]
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 15}}
|-
| style="background:#CCCB99;" |
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 32}}
|-
|style="background:#FA8072;"|
| Shubhangi Jaiswal
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 32}}
|-
|style="background:#B0E0E6;"|
| Yaashvi Shah
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 32}}
|-
|style="background:#CCCB99;"|
| Nisha Mishra [[File:Playing card heart A.svg| 13x13px]]
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 32}}
|-
|style="background:#B0E0E6;"|
| Bishal "Charlie" Paul
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 29}}
|-
| style="background:#CCCB99;" |
| Anirudh Sharma [[File:Playing card heart A.svg| 13x13px]]
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 26}}
|-
|style="background:#F8DE7E;"|
| Akash Thapa
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 23}}
|-
|style="background:#B0E0E6;"|
| Ashu Jain
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 23}}
|-
|style="background:#90EE90;"|
| Syed Azhar Hassan
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 23}}
|-
|style="background:#FA8072;"|
| Heena Jain
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 18}}
|-
|style="background:#B0E0E6;"|
| Anoushka Chauhan
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 18}}
|-
|style="background:#FA8072;"|
| Vinod Bhatt
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 15}}
|-
|style="background:#F8DE7E;"|
| Joel Mathew
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated {{small|Episode 14}}
|-
|}

[[File:Playing card heart A.svg| 18x18px]] indicates battleground entry. [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|18x18px]] indicates roadie re-entered as wildcard. [[File:Playing_card_diamond_A.svg|18x18px]] indicates roadie re-entered via auction.
{{notelist}}

'''Color Keys'''
:{{Color box|#FA8072|border=silver}} Gang Elvish
:{{Color box|
#90EE90|border=silver}} Gang Neha
:{{Color box|#F8DE7E|border=silver}} Gang Prince
:{{Color box|
#B0E0E6|border=silver}} Gang Rhea
:{{Color box|
#CCCB99|border=silver}} Gang Gautam

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.mtvindia.com/roadies/ Roadies official website]

{{Roadies}}

[[Category:MTV Roadies| ]]
[[Category:Adventure reality television series]]
[[Category:2003 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Television productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]

Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (June–December 2020)

2026-03-22T12:30:22Z

Prabhash Sharma: stub

{{short description|Sequence of major events in ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{main|COVID-19 pandemic in India}}

The following is the timeline of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]].
[[File:COVID-19 India Total Cases Animated Map.gif|thumb|Timeline of the pandemic spread across India (since 30 January 2020 and till 3 April 2020)]]
{{TOC limit|2}}

{{multiple image
| align = left
| caption_align = center
| width = 400
| footer =
| image1 = COVID-19-Pandemie - IN (Indien) - Infizierte (800px).svg
| alt1 = Cases
| caption1 = Cases
| image2 = COVID-19-Pandemie - IN (Indien) - Tote (800px).svg
| alt2 = Deaths
| caption2 = Deaths
}}
{{clear}}

==2020==
===June===
====1 June====
204 deaths and 8,171 cases were reported.<ref>{{cite web |title=8171 more COVID-19 cases, 204 deaths| url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/8171-more-covid-19-cases-204-deaths-in-india-1.4800628|website=mathrubhumi| date= 1 June 2020|access-date= 1 June 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''[[Assam]]:''' 22 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19 Assam update: Cases rise to 1384| url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/covid-19-assam-update-cases-rise-to-1384.html|website=Nenow| date= 1 June 2020|access-date= 1 June 2020}}</ref>

'''[[Odisha]]:''' 156 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Odisha reports highest single-day spike of 156 cases| website=[[The Times of India]]| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/odisha-reports-highest-single-day-spike-of-156-cases/articleshow/76131402.cms| date= 1 June 2020|access-date= 1 June 2020}}</ref>

'''[[Delhi]]ː''' 990 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=With 990 fresh cases, Delhi's Covid-19 case count crosses 20,000-mark| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-990-fresh-cases-delhi-s-covid-19-case-count-crosses-20-000-mark-11591024786357.html|website=livemint| date= 1 June 2020|access-date= 1 June 2020}}</ref>

'''[[Maharashtra]]ː''' 2,361 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=With 2,361 new Covid-19 cases, Maharashtra crosses 70,000-mark| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/with-2-361-new-covid-19-cases-maharashtra-crosses-70-000-mark/story-HIBE8lzMrsWSkDPWvUQDIN.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 1 June 2020|access-date= 1 June 2020}}</ref>

====2 June̝====
217 deaths and 8,909 cases were reported.<ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19: India reports 8,909 new cases,217 deaths in 24 hours, 2,07,615 total cases| url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/covid-19-india-reports-8909-new-cases217-deaths-in-24-hours-207615-total-cases|website=nationalheraldindia| date= 2 June 2020|access-date= 2 June 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''[[Andhra Pradesh]]ː''' 115 cases<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 Andhra Pradesh tally goes up to 3,791 as 115 fresh cases emerge| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/covid-19-andhra-pradesh-tally-goes-up-to-3791-as-115-fresh-cases-emerge/article31729192.ece|website=The Hindu| date= 2 June 2020|access-date= 2 June 2020| last1=Boda| first1=Tharun}}</ref>

'''[[Tamil Nadu]]ː''' 1,091 cases

'''[[Kerala]]ː''' 86 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Fresh cases record yet another high of 86 in Kerala. With testing ramped up, it could touch 100 soon| url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2020/06/02/kerala-covid19-coronavirus-cases-update-pinarayi-vijayan.html|website=manoramaonline| date= 2 June 2020|access-date= 2 June 2020}}</ref>

====3 June̝====
293 deaths and 9,304 cases were reported.<ref>{{cite web |title=India's Covid-19 tally reaches 2,16,919 with record spike of ..| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indias-covid-19-tally-reaches-216919-with-record-spike-of-9304-cases-death-toll-6075/articleshow/76188854.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 3 June 2020|access-date= 3 June 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Naduː''' 1,286 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=With record 1,286 fresh cases, Tamil Nadu's Covid-19 count breaches 25,000-mark| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-with-record-1-286-fresh-cases-tamil-nadu-s-covid-19-count-crosses-25-000-mark-11591190102106.html|website=livemint| date= 3 June 2020|access-date= 3 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradeshː''' 79 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh: 79 new corona cases reported| url=https://telanganatoday.com/andhra-pradesh-70-new-corona-cases-reported|website=telanganatoday| date= 3 June 2020|access-date= 3 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Keralaː''' 82 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=82 fresh cases in Kerala, COVID-19 tally touches 1,494| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/82-fresh-cases-in-kerala-covid-19-tally-touches-1494/articleshow/76179144.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 3 June 2020|access-date= 3 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 2,560 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=With 2,560 new Covid-19 cases, Maharashtra's tally crosses 74k-mark| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/with-2-560-new-covid-19-cases-maharashtra-s-tally-crosses-74k-mark/story-httFXkMCMWDBRGlJ2qc6iJ.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 3 June 2020|access-date= 3 June 2020}}</ref>

====4 June====
273 deaths and 9,851 cases were reported.<ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19: India records highest single-day spike of 9,851| url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/coronavirus/news/covid-19-india-records-highest-single-day-spike-of-9851-cases-273-deaths/articleshow/76208296.cms|website=mumbaimirror| date= 4 June 2020|access-date= 4 June 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Andhara Pradesh:''' 98 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Andhra records day high of 98 cases again, COVID-19 tally at 3377| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/andhra-records-day-high-of-98-cases-again-covid19-tally-at-3377/1855634| date= 4 June 2020|access-date= 4 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 2,933 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Covid-19: Maharashtra sees record 123 deaths, 2,933 fresh cases in last 24 hours| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-maharashtra-sees-record-123-deaths-2-933-fresh-covid-19-cases-in-last-24-hours-11591280518320.html|website=livemint| date= 4 June 2020|access-date= 4 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Gujaratː''' 485 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=485 new coronavirus cases in Gujarat, 30 deaths| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/485-new-coronavirus-cases-in-gujarat-30-deaths/articleshow/76182240.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 4 June 2020|access-date= 4 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Naduː''' 1373 cases

====5 June====
294 deaths and 9,887 cases were reported.<ref>{{cite web |title=India registers record single-day spike with 9,887 new coronavirus Covid-19 cases, 294 deaths| url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/india-registers-record-single-day-spike-with-9887-new-coronavirus-covid-19-cases-294-deaths-2288254.html|website=zeenews.india| date= 5 June 2020|access-date= 5 June 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 50 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=2 deaths, 50 more COVID-19 cases in Andhra Pradesh| url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/2-deaths-50-more-covid-19-cases-in-andhra-pradesh20200605135831/|website=aninews| date= 5 June 2020|access-date= 5 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 2436 cases

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 1,438 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Tamil Nadu's Covid-19 count crosses 28,000 with record 1,438 fresh cases| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-tamil-nadu-s-covid-19-count-crosses-28-000-with-record-1-438-fresh-cases-11591362471998.html|website=livemint| date= 5 June 2020|access-date= 5 June 2020}}</ref>

'''[[Karnataka]]:''' 515 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Karnataka breaches 3000 active covid -19 cases mark as 515 test positive| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/world/karnataka-breaches-3000-active-covid-19-cases-mark-as-515-test-positive-11591361735039.html|website=livemint| date= 5 June 2020|access-date= 5 June 2020}}</ref>

====6 June====
287 deaths and 9,971 cases were reported.<ref>{{cite web |title=Record single-day spike of 9,971 Covid cases takes India's tally to 2,46,628; toll reaches 6,929| url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/india-records-287-deaths-9-971-confirmed-coronavirus-cases-in-last-24-hours-95796|website=The Tribune| date= 6 June 2020|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Karnataka:''' 378 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Karnataka breaches 5000 covid-19 case mark as 378 test positive| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/karnataka-breaches-5000-covid-19-case-mark-as-378-test-positive-11591451092473.html|website=livemint| date= 6 June 2020|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref>

'''[[Bihar]]:''' 147 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus in India LIVE: With 147 new cases, COVID-19 tally in Bihar mounts to 4,745| url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-coronavirus-in-india-live-with-147-new-cases-covid-19-tally-in-bihar-mounts-to-4745-2827086|website=Daily News and Analysis| date= 6 June 2020|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 161 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=With biggest spike of 161 Covid cases, AP tally rises to 3,588| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/with-biggest-spike-of-161-covid-cases-ap-tally-rises-to-3588/1857827|website=outlookindia| date= 6 June 2020|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 2,739 cases

'''[[Gujarat]]ː''' 498 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=498 new coronavirus patients in Gujarat, 29 deaths| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/498-new-coronavirus-patients-in-gujarat-29-deaths/1858221|website=outlookindia| date= 6 June 2020|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref>

====7 June====
271 deaths and 9,983 cases were reported.<ref>{{cite web |title=Record Daily Spike of 9,983 Cases Take Country's Covid-19 Tally to 2,56,611, Death Toll Rises to 7,200| url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/record-daily-spike-of-9983-cases-take-countrys-covid-19-tally-to-256611-death-toll-rises-to-7200-2659475.html|website=news18| date= 7 June 2020|access-date= 7 June 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 130 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh sees 130 new Covid-19 cases, state's tally close to 4000-mark| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/andhra-pradesh-sees-130-new-covid-19-cases-state-s-tally-close-to-4000-mark/story-QD3tuQYpHvZcSEydMtGUpM.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 7 June 2020|access-date= 7 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Delhi:''' 1,320 cases<ref>{{cite news |title=1,320 new virus cases in Delhi| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/1320-new-virus-cases-in-delhi/article31770905.ece|website=The Hindu| date= 7 June 2020|access-date= 7 June 2020}}</ref>

====8 June====
271 deaths and 9,983 cases were reported.<ref>{{cite web |title=With 9987 new COVID-19 cases India records highest single-day spike; total death toll at 7466| url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/with-9987-new-covid-19-cases-india-records-highest-single-day-spike-total-death-toll-at-7466-2288899.html|website=zeenews.india| date= 8 June 2020|access-date= 8 June 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following: New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 125 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=With 125 new cases, AP's COVID-19 tally touches 3,843| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/with-125-new-cases-aps-covid19-tally-touches-3843/1859640|website=outlookindia| date= 8 June 2020|access-date= 8 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Odisha:''' 138 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Odisha Reports 138 COVID19 Cases Today, Tally Reaches 2994 In The State| url=https://kalingatv.com/state/odisha-reports-138-covid19-cases-today-tally-reaches-2994-in-the-state/|website=kalingatv| date= 8 June 2020|access-date= 8 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Kerala:''' 91 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19: 91 new positive cases in Kerala on Monday, 11 recover| url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2020/06/08/coronavirus-kerala-cases-recoveries-deaths-latest-update.html|website=english.manoramaonline| date= 8 June 2020|access-date= 8 June 2020}}</ref>

====9 June====
274 deaths and 9985 cases were reported.<ref>{{cite web |title=274 deaths, 9,985 cases in 24 hours: India's Covid-19 tally crosses 2.76 lakh| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/274-deaths-9-985-cases-in-24-hours-india-s-covid-19-tally-crosses-2-76-lakh/story-qyElullbncwl7tc9ePDDbO.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 9 June 2020|access-date= 9 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 1,685 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Tamil Nadu records 1,685 new COVID-19 cases, 21 deaths| url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tamil-nadu-records-1685-new-covid-19-cases-21-deaths-126208|website=thenewsminute| date= 9 June 2020|access-date= 9 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 147 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh reports 147 new COVID-19 cases| url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/andhra-pradesh-reports-147-new-covid-19-cases20200609192600/|website=aninews| date= 9 June 2020|access-date= 9 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 161 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Karnataka Covid-19 Tracker: For second consecutive day, Stat| url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/karnataka-covid-19-tracker-for-second-consecutive-day-state-reports-more-discharges-than-new-cases/articleshow/76284877.cms|website=bangaloremirror| date= 9 June 2020|access-date= 9 June 2020}}</ref>

====10 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 1927 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus India News LIVE Updates: Tamil Nadu reports 1,927 fresh COVID-19 cases, state total rises to 36,841| url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/coronavirus-india-news-live-updates-covid-19-cases-mumbai-delhi-maharashtra-tamil-nadu-vaccine-update-unlock-1-lockdown-extension-5383541.html|website=moneycontrol| date= 10 June 2020|access-date= 10 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 120 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus India News LIVE Updates: Tamil Nadu reports 1,927 fresh COVID-19 cases, state total rises to 36,841Karnataka Covid-19 Tracker: Number of recoveries double the| url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/karnataka-covid-19-tracker-number-of-recoveries-double-the-fresh-cases-on-wednesday/articleshow/76303910.cms|website=bangaloremirror| date= 10 June 2020|access-date= 10 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 218 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=218 new COVID-19 cases in AP; tally reaches 5,247| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/218-new-covid19-cases-in-ap-tally-reaches-5247/1861782|website=outlookindia| date= 10 June 2020|access-date= 10 June 2020}}</ref>

====11 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 1875 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Tamil Nadu reports 1,875 fresh covid-19 cases, 23 deaths on Thursday| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/tamil-nadu-reports-1875-covid-19-cases-and-23-deaths-on-thursday-11591880443488.html|website=livemint| date= 11 June 2020|access-date= 11 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 204 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19: 204 new cases and 3 more deaths in Karnataka| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/covid-19-204-new-cases-and-3-more-deaths-in-karnataka-/articleshow/76323067.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 11 June 2020|access-date= 11 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 135 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Andhra reports 135 new cases, Covid-19 tally at 4,261| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/andhra-reports-135-new-cases-covid19-tally-at-4261/1863007|website=outlookindia| date= 11 June 2020|access-date= 11 June 2020}}</ref>

====12 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 1982 cases

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 141 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh reports 141 new COVID-19 cases in last 24 hours| url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/andhra-pradesh-reports-141-new-covid-19-cases-in-last-24-hours20200612190310/|website=aninews| date= 12 June 2020|access-date= 12 June 2020}}</ref>

====14 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 1974 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tamil Nadu sees over 1,900 new Covid-19 cases for third day in a row, count nears 45,000| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-tamil-nadu-sees-over-1-900-new-covid-19-cases-for-third-day-in-a-row-count-nears-45-000-11592139649632.html|website=livemint| date= 14 June 2020|access-date= 14 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 176 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=LIVE: Karnataka reports 176 new infections in 24 hrs; total count touches 7,000| url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/india-coronavirus-covid-19-live-updates-june-14-2289797|website=zeenews| date= 14 June 2020|access-date= 14 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 253 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Two deaths, 253 more Covid-19 cases in Andhra Pradesh| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/two-deaths-253-more-covid-19-cases-in-andhra-pradesh/articleshow/76369754.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 14 June 2020|access-date= 14 June 2020}}</ref>

====15 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Kartataka:''' 213 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=LIVE: Karnataka registers 213 new cases, total 7,213 now; death count at 88| url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/india-coronavirus-covid-19-live-updates-june-15-2289953|website=zeenewst| date= 15 June 2020|access-date= 15 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 1843 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tamil Nadu's Covid-19 count breaches 46,000-mark with 1,843 fresh cases| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/tamil-nadu-s-covid-19-count-breaches-46-000-mark-with-1-843-fresh-cases-11592229522913.html|website=livemint| date= 15 June 2020|access-date= 15 June 2020}}</ref>

====16 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 1515 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus in India Live Updates: 1,515 new cases, 49 deaths reported in Tamil Nadu| url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/coronavirus-in-india-live-updates-covid-19-news-world-vaccine-cases-deaths-symptoms-delhi-maharashtra-mumbai-gujarat-2828179|website=Daily News and Analysis| date= 16 June 2020|access-date= 16 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 317 cases.

====17 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 2174 cases.<ref>{{cite news |title=2,174 new Covid-19 cases reported in Tamil Nadu, tally crosses 50,000| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/2-174-new-covid-19-cases-reported-in-tamil-nadu-tally-crosses-50-000-120061701316_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India| date= 17 June 2020|access-date= 17 June 2020| last1=Narasimhan| first1=T. E.}}</ref>

'''West Bengal:''' 391 cases.

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 275 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=275 new Covid-19 cases take Andhra Pradesh's tally to 5,555| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/275-new-covid-19-cases-take-andhra-pradeshs-tally-to-5555/articleshow/76424552.cms|website=timesofindia| date= 17 June 2020|access-date= 17 June 2020}}</ref>

====18 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 2141 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus in India Live Updates: Tamil Nadu reports 2,141 new COVID19 cases, 49 deaths| url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/coronavirus-in-india-live-updates-covid-19-news-world-vaccine-cases-deaths-pandemic-delhi-maharashtra-mumbai-gujarat-2828477|website=dnaindia| date= 18 June 2020|access-date= 18 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 210 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Covid 19: K'taka reports 210 new cases, 12 fatalities| url=https://www.udayavani.com/english-news/covid-19-ktaka-reports-210-new-cases-12-fatalities|website=udayavani| date= 18 June 2020|access-date= 18 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 210 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Two deaths, 299 more Covid-19 cases in Andhra Pradesh| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/two-deaths-299-more-covid-19-cases-in-andhra-pradesh/articleshow/76443482.cms|website=timesofindia| date= 18 June 2020|access-date= 18 June 2020}}</ref>

====19 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 2115 cases.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu adds 2,115 new Covid-19 cases, total number at 54,449| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/tamil-nadu-adds-2-115-new-covid-19-cases-total-number-at-54-449-120061901524_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India| date= 19 June 2020|access-date= 19 June 2020| last1=Narasimhan| first1=T. E.}}</ref>

'''Gujarat:''' 540 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=540 new coronavirus cases in Gujarat, 27 deaths| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/540-new-coronavirus-cases-in-gujarat-27-deaths/1871452|website=outlookindia| date= 19 June 2020|access-date= 19 June 2020}}</ref>

====20 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Karnataka:''' 416 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Karnataka reports 416 new covid-19 cases, 94 in Bengaluru| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/karnataka-reports-416-new-covid-19-cases-94-in-bengaluru-11592662243834.html|website=livemint| date= 20 June 2020|access-date= 20 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 2396 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tamil Nadu Coronavirus Live Updates: 2,396 fresh cases reported in Tamil Nadu| date=20 June 2020| url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/tamil-nadu-coronavirus-news-live-updates-chennai-covid-19-lockdown-anbazhagan-live-6467535/|access-date= 20 June 2020}}</ref>

====21 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 2352 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=TN faces 2,532 fresh coronavirus cases, total crosses 59k| url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2020/06/21182219/1237247/TN-faces-2352-fresh-coronavirus-cases-total-crosses-.vpf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623040600/https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2020/06/21182219/1237247/TN-faces-2352-fresh-coronavirus-cases-total-crosses-.vpf| url-status=dead| archive-date=23 June 2020|website=dtnext| date=21 June 2020|access-date= 21 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:'''453 cases.

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 477 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=477 new Covid-19 cases take Andhra Pradesh closer to the 9000-mark| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/477-new-covid-19-cases-take-andhra-pradesh-closer-to-the-9000-mark/story-35sBII9Vdfh5R5qixwoH2J.html|website=hindustantimes| date=21 June 2020|access-date= 21 June 2020}}</ref>

====23 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 2516 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus LIVE: 2,516 new cases in Tamil Nadu; tally rises to 64,603| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/coronavirus-india-live-updates-maharashtra-delhi-corona-cases-covid-tracker-vaccine-latest-news-120062300126_1.html|website=business-standard.com|access-date= 22 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra ̪Pradesh:''' 462 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eight more deaths, 462 new COVID-19 cases in AP| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/eight-more-deaths-462-new-covid-19-cases-in-ap/article31897495.ece|website=thehindu|access-date= 22 June 2020}}</ref>

====24 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Maharastra:''' 3890 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maha's COVID-19 count up 3 890 to 1 42 900 death toll 6 739| url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/06/24/bom24-mh-virus-cases.html|website=theweek|access-date= 24 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:'''2865 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tamil Nadu reports 2,865 new coronavirus cases, 33 death| url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/tamil-nadu-reports-2865-new-coronavirus-cases-33-death-1502903361.html|website=thestatesman | date=24 June 2020|access-date= 24 June 2020}}</ref>

====25 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 2509 cases.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu adds 3,509 new coronavirus cases, tally crosses 70,000| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/tamil-nadu-adds-3-509-new-coronavirus-cases-tally-crosses-70-000-120062501556_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India| date=25 June 2020|access-date= 25 June 2020| last1=Narasimhan| first1=T. E.}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 553 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh recorded 553 COVID-19 new cases today only, total tally 10884| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/ap-records-553-covid-19-cases-seven-fatalities/articleshow/76626230.cms|website=businessinsider|access-date= 25 June 2020}}</ref>

====26 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 3523 cases.

'''Maharashtraː''' 5024 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19 latest updates: Maharashtra reports 5,024 new COVID-19 cases; International flights to remain suspended till July 15| url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/coronavirus/news/covid-19-live-updates-maharashtra-mumbai-thane-pune-salons-gyms-india-health-ministry-bmc-covid-treatment/liveblog/76636274.cms|website=mumbaimirror| date=26 June 2020|access-date= 26 June 2020}}</ref>

====27 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Delhiː''' 2948 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Delhi records 2,948 new coronavirus cases, 66 COVID-19 deaths in last 24 hours: Authorities.| url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/newsalert/1108350-delhi-records-2948-new-coronavirus-cases-66-covid-19-deaths-in-last-24-hours-authorities|website=devdiscourse|access-date= 27 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Naduː''' 3713 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=3,713 Covid 19 cases in Tamil Nadu lead to third highest single day spike in running| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/3-713-covid-19-cases-in-tamil-nadu-lead-to-third-highest-single-day-spike-in-running/story-o1UbWhzzPtNTyK2iNTTzJL.html|website=hindustantimes| date=27 June 2020|access-date= 27 June 2020}}</ref>

====28 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Delhiː''' 2889 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=2,889 fresh COVID cases in Delhi take tally to over 83K; death toll climbs to 2,623| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/2889-fresh-covid-cases-in-delhi-take-tally-to-over-83k-death-toll-climbs-to-2623/1879892|website=outlookindia|access-date= 28 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Naduː''' 3940 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tamil Nadu: Nearly 4,000 new Covid-19 cases in 24 hours, highest so far| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/tamil-nadu-nearly-4-000-new-covid-19-cases-in-24-hours-highest-so-far-11593348038590.html|website=livemint| date=28 June 2020|access-date= 28 June 2020}}</ref>

====29 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Naduː''' 3949 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19 LIVE {{!}} Tamil Nadu registers 3949 new cases; Chennai alone accounts for 2167 of them| url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/live/2020/jun/29/covid-19-live--tamil-nadu-registers-3949-new-cases-chennai-alone-accounts-for-2167-of-them-2162881.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629135039/https://www.newindianexpress.com/live/2020/jun/29/covid-19-live--tamil-nadu-registers-3949-new-cases-chennai-alone-accounts-for-2167-of-them-2162881.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=29 June 2020|website=newindianexpress|access-date= 29 June 2020}}</ref>

====30 June====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Naduː''' 3943 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=With 3,943 New Cases, Tamil Nadu Crosses 90,000-Mark; Tally Reaches 90,167 LIVE| url=https://www.india.com/news/india/covid-19-live-india-gears-up-for-unlock-2-0-even-as-tally-nears-5-5-lakh-who-says-worst-is-yet-to-come-4071286/|website=india.com| date=30 June 2020|access-date= 30 June 2020}}</ref>

'''Keralaː''' 131 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=131 new COVID-19 cases in Kerala, tally now 4,442 COVID| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/131-new-covid-19-cases-in-keralatally-now-4442-covid/articleshow/76713098.cms|website=businessinsider|access-date= 30 June 2020}}</ref>

===July===
====1 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 3882 cases<ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu adds 3,882 new Covid-19 cases, 2,182 cases from Chennai alone| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/tamil-nadu-adds-3-882-new-covid-19-cases-2-182-cases-from-chennai-alone-120070101486_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India| date= 1 July 2020|access-date= 1 July 2020| last1=Narasimhan| first1=T. E.}}</ref>

'''[[Uttar Pradesh]]:''' 564 cases<ref>{{cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh adds 564 cases in a day — total number of coronavirus cross 24,000 mark| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/ups-covid-19-tally-crosses-24000-mark-death-toll-mounts-to-718/articleshow/76729877.cms|website=business-standard| date= 1 July 2020|access-date= 1 July 2020}}</ref>

====2 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 4343 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Covid-19: Tamil Nadu records worst single-day spike with 4,343 new cases, tally crosses 98,000| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-tamil-nadu-records-worst-single-day-spike-with-4-343-new-cases-tally-crosses-98-000-11593696658160.html|website=livemint| date= 2 July 2020|access-date= 2 July 2020}}</ref>

'''[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]:''' 120 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Punjab reports 3 deaths and 120 COVID-19 fresh cases; state's toll at 152| url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-reports-3-deaths-and-120-covid-19-fresh-cases-states-toll-at-152-107626|website=tribuneindia| date= 2 July 2020|access-date= 2 July 2020}}</ref>

====3 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 4329 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus cases in Tamil Nadu cross one-lakh mark with 4329 new infections reported in last 24 hours| url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/coronavirus-cases-in-tamil-nadu-cross-one-lakh-mark-with-4329-new-infections-reported-in-last-24-hours/616008|website=timesnownews| date= 3 July 2020|access-date= 3 July 2020}}</ref>

'''Kerala:''' 211 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala reports record 211 COVID-19 cases on Friday, 201 recoveries| url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-reports-record-211-covid-19-cases-on-friday-201-recoveries-1.4878401|website=mathrubhumi| date= 3 July 2020|access-date= 3 July 2020}}</ref>

====4 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Delhi:''' 2505 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=2,505 fresh COVID cases in Delhi take tally to over 97,000; death toll crosses 3,000-mark| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/2505-fresh-covid-cases-in-delhi-take-tally-to-over-97000-death-toll-crosses-3000mark/1885976|website=outlookindia| date= 4 July 2020|access-date= 4 July 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 4280 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19 LIVE 4280 fresh cases in Tamil Nadu, total lockdown in Madurai extended till July 12| url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/live/2020/jul/04/covid-19-live--4280-fresh-cases-in-tamil-nadu-total-lockdown-in-madurai-extended-till-july-12-2165277.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704151231/https://www.newindianexpress.com/live/2020/jul/04/covid-19-live--4280-fresh-cases-in-tamil-nadu-total-lockdown-in-madurai-extended-till-july-12-2165277.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=4 July 2020|website=outlookindia| date= 5 July 2020|access-date= 5 July 2020}}</ref>

====5 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Delhi:''' 2244 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus LIVE: 2,244 fresh Covid-19 cases in Delhi; tally nears 100,000| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/coronavirus-live-updates-india-cases-650-000-delhi-maharashtra-tamil-nadu-corona-cases-world-covid-tracker-vaccine-latest-news-120070400103_1.html|website=business-standard| date= 5 July 2020|access-date= 5 July 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 2244 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh reports 998 fresh Covid-19 cases, overall| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/andhra-pradesh-reports-998-fresh-covid-19-cases-overall-tally-rises-to-18697/articleshow/76798055.cms|website=timesofindia| date= 5 July 2020|access-date= 5 July 2020}}</ref>

====6 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Maharashtra:''' 5368 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=महाराष्ट्र में बीते 24 घंटे में कोरोना के 5368 नए मामले और 204 की मौत, सिर्फ मुंबई में 85 हजार से ज्यादा केस| url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/india/maharashtra-coronavirus-updates-5368-new-cases-and-204-deaths-in-last-24-hours-2258116|website=khabar.ndtv| date= 6 July 2020|access-date= 6 July 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 3827 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=With 3,827 new Covid-19 cases, 61 deaths, Tamil Nadu retains 2nd worst-hit state tag| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/with-3-827-new-covid-19-cases-61-deaths-tamil-nadu-retains-2nd-worst-hit-state-tag/story-GxaAUNJF5EbPKxgLvkqLdJ.html|website=hindustantimes| date= 6 July 2020|access-date= 6 July 2020}}</ref>

====7 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Uttar Pradesh:''' 1346 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=UP reports 1,346 new COVID-19 cases| url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/headlines/1120949-up-reports-1346-new-covid-19-cases|website=devdiscourse| date= 7 July 2020|access-date= 7 July 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtra:''' 5134 cases.

====8 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Kerala:''' 301 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala records highest ever daily tally of 301 Covid cases| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/kerala-records-highest-ever-daily-tally-of-301-covid-cases/1889756|website=outlookindia| date= 8 July 2020|access-date= 8 July 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 3756 cases.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu adds 3,756 new Covid-19 cases, totall tally at 122,350| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/tamil-nadu-adds-3-756-new-covid-19-cases-totall-tally-at-122-350-120070801374_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India| date= 8 July 2020|access-date= 8 July 2020| last1=Narasimhan| first1=T. E.}}</ref>

====9 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 155 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Coronavirus Live Updates: Andhra reports 1,555 fresh cases, tally mounts to 23,814| url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/andhra-pradesh-telangana-coronavirus-live-updates-hyderabad-guntur-anantapur-covid-19-corona-cases-tracker-lockdown-today-news-update-6496709/|website=indianexpress| date=9 July 2020|access-date= 9 July 2020}}</ref>

'''Delhi:''' 2187 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=दिल्‍ली में 24 घंटे में कोरोना के 2187 नए मामले, संक्रमण के कारण 45 लोगों ने तोड़ा दम| url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/delhi-ncr/2187-news-covid19-positive-cases-and-45-deaths-reported-in-delhi-today-nodark-3173042.html|website=hindi.news18| date=9 July 2020|access-date= 9 July 2020}}</ref>

====10 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 3680 cases.

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 1608 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh reports 1,608 new COVID-19 cases, overall tally| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/andhra-pradesh-reports-1608-new-covid-19-cases-overall-tally/articleshow/76892092.cms|website=businessinsider| date=10 July 2020|access-date= 10 July 2020}}</ref>

====11 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 3965 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tamil Nadu records 3,965 new Covid-19 cases,69 deaths| url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/tamil-nadu-records-3965-new-covid-19-cases69-deaths-859936.html|website=deccanherald| date=11 July 2020|access-date= 11 July 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 1813 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=AP reports 1,813 new Covid-19 cases| url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/ap-reports-1813-new-covid-19-cases/article32051868.ece|website=thehindubusinessline| date=11 July 2020|access-date= 11 July 2020}}</ref>

====12 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 4244 cases.<ref>{{cite news |title=TN government extends complete lockdown in Madurai till July 14, state reports 4244 Covid-19 cases| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tn-government-extends-complete-lockdown-in-madurai-till-july-14-state-reports-4244-covid-19-cases/articleshow/76925641.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times| date=12 July 2020|access-date= 12 July 2020}}</ref>

'''Delhi:''' 1574 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Delhi records 1,573 new coronavirus cases, recovery rate almost 80 per cent| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/delhi-records-1-573-new-coronavirus-cases-recovery-rate-almost-80-per-cent/story-g2bVRtCcq9PI2EnUDbSvqO.html|website=hindustantimes| date=12 July 2020|access-date= 12 July 2020}}</ref>

====13 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Uttar Pradesh:''' 1644 cases.

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 4328 cases.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu adds 4,328 new Covid-19 cases, total tally at 142,798| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/tamil-nadu-adds-4-328-new-covid-19-cases-total-tally-at-142-798-120071301112_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India| date=12 July 2020|access-date= 13 July 2020| last1=Narasimhan| first1=T. E.}}</ref>

====15 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Kerala:''' 623 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala reports highest ever 623 COVID-19 cases on Wednesday; 432 through contact| url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-reports-highest-ever-623-covid-19-cases-on-wednesday-432-through-contact-1.4907067|website=english.mathrubhumi| date=15 July 2020|access-date= 15 July 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 2432 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh clocks record single-day high of 2,432 COVID-19 cases| url=https://telanganatoday.com/andhra-pradesh-clocks-record-single-day-high-of-2432-covid-19-cases|website=telanganatoday| date=15 July 2020|access-date= 15 July 2020}}</ref>

====16 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Maharashtra:''' 8641 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus LIVE: Highest single-day rise of 8,641 new cases in Maharashtra| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/coronavirus-live-updates-india-cases-near-10-lakh-global-cases-13-4-mn-corona-vaccine-hopes-high-120071600138_1.html|website=business-standard| date=16 July 2020|access-date= 16 July 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 4169 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Covid-19: Karnataka breaches 50,000-mark with record 4,169 new cases| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-karnataka-breaches-50-000-mark-with-record-4-169-new-cases-11594909125758.html|website=livemint| date=16 July 2020|access-date= 16 July 2020}}</ref>

====17 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Maharashtra:''' 8308 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=One-day spike of 8,308 Covid-19 cases in Maharashtra; 258 mo| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/one-day-spike-of-8308-covid-19-cases-in-maharashtra-258-more-dead/articleshow/77022536.cms|website=timesofindia| date=17 July 2020|access-date= 17 July 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 3693 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Covid-19: Karnataka reports 3693 cases, 115 deaths| url=https://www.udayavani.com/english-news/covid-19-karnataka-reports-3693-cases-115-deaths|website=udayavani| date=17 July 2020|access-date= 17 July 2020}}</ref>

====18 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Delhi:''' 1475 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=1,475 fresh COVID-19 cases take Delhi tally to 1,21,582; death toll climbs to 3,597| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/1475-fresh-covid19-cases-take-delhi-tally-to-121582-death-toll-climbs-to-3597/1897933|website=outlookindia| date=18 July 2020|access-date= 18 July 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 4807 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=TN records all time daily high of 4,807 new COVID-19 cases, 88 deaths| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/tn-records-all-time-daily-high-of-4807-new-covid19-cases-88-deaths/1897941|website=outlookindia| date=18 July 2020|access-date= 18 July 2020}}</ref>

====19 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Delhi:''' 1211 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Delhi adds 1,211 new Covid-19 cases, lowest count in over a month since June 9| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/delhi-adds-1-211-new-covid-19-cases-lowest-count-in-over-a-month-since-june-9/story-R1ubq25rF1VVgWuNmoebeI.html|website=hindustantimes| date=19 July 2020|access-date= 19 July 2020}}</ref>

====20 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 4074 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Corona Update: 4,074 new positive cases reported in Andhra Pradesh, 54 deaths - AP24x7| url=https://www.ap7am.com/lv-333364-corona-update-4074-new-positive-cases-reported-in-andhra-pradesh-54-deaths| date=20 July 2020|access-date= 20 July 2020}}</ref>

'''Kerala:''' 794 cases.

====21 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Delhi:''' 1349 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=1,349 fresh COVID-19 cases take Delhi's tally to 1,25,096; death toll climbs to 3,690| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/1349-fresh-covid19-cases-take-delhis-tally-to-125096-death-toll-climbs-to-3690/1899738|website=outlookindia| date=21 July 2020|access-date= 21 July 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 4965 cases.

====22 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Maharashtra:''' 10576 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maharashtra reports highest one-day spike of 10,576 Covid-19 cases| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/maharashtra-reports-highest-one-day-spike-of-10-576-covid-19-cases/story-2oJex2CGpy1uvufVNjQeZI.html|website=hindustantimes| date=22 July 2020|access-date= 22 July 2020}}</ref>

====23 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Maharashtra:''' 9895 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19: Maharashtra adds 9,895 cases; 298 die, 6484 recover| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-maharashtra-adds-9895-cases-298-die-6484-recover/1901313|website=hindustantimes| date=22 July 2020|access-date= 23 July 2020}}</ref>

====24 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 6785 cases.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu adds 6,785 new Covid-19 cases, state's total tally at 199,749| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/tamil-nadu-adds-6-785-new-covid-19-cases-state-s-total-tally-at-199-749-120072401473_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India| date=24 July 2020|access-date= 24 July 2020| last1=Narasimhan| first1=T. E.}}</ref>

====25 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Delhi:''' 1142 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=1,142 fresh coronavirus cases, 29 deaths in Delhi| url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/delhi/1-142-fresh-coronavirus-cases-29-deaths-in-delhi-117817|website=tribuneindia| date=25 July 2020|access-date= 25 July 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 6988 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=With record 6,988 new cases, Tamil Nadu's Covid-19 tally crosses 2 lakh| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-6-988-new-cases-tamil-nadu-s-covid-19-count-crosses-2-lakh-11595680710536.html|website=livemint| date=25 July 2020|access-date= 25 July 2020}}</ref>

====26 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''[[Rajasthan]]:''' 1120 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rajasthan sees biggest 1-day jump with 1,120 new Covid-19 cases| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/raj-sees-biggest-1-day-jumpwith-1120-new-covid-cases/articleshow/77176383.cms|website=timesofindia| date=26 July 2020|access-date= 26 July 2020}}</ref>

====27 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Maharashtra:''' 7924 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=7,924 new Covid-19 cases in Maharashtra; tally at 383,723| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/coronavirus-live-updates-india-total-coronavirus-cases-cross-14-lakh-lockdown-maharashtra-karnataka-tamil-nadu-delhi-andhra-covid-vaccine-latest-news-120072700084_1.html|website=business-standard| date=27 July 2020|access-date= 27 July 2020}}</ref>

====28 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Maharashtra:''' 7717 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=7,717 new Covid-19 cases in Maharashtra; tally at 391,440| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/coronavirus-live-updates-india-cases-near-15-lakh-global-tally-maharashtra-delhi-karnataka-bihar-up-tamil-nadu-latest-coronavirus-vaccine-news-120072800129_1.html|website=business-standard| date=28 July 2020|access-date= 28 July 2020}}</ref>

====29 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 6426 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=7Tamil Nadu reports 6,426 new COVID-19 cases, 82 fatalities| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/tamil-nadu-reports-6426-new-covid-19-cases-82-fatalities-638101|website=indiatvnews.com| date=29 July 2020|access-date= 29 July 2020}}</ref>

====30 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 10167 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=10,167 new Covid-19 cases in Andhra Pradesh today| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/coronavirus-live-updates-india-cases-unlock-lockdown-rules-states-coronavirus-vaccine-update-latest-news-120073000133_1.html|website=business-standard| date=30 July 2020|access-date= 30 July 2020}}</ref>

====31 July====
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Maharashtra:''' 10167 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19: Maharashtra adds 10,320 new cases; 265 die, 7,543 recover| url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/covid-19-maharashtra-adds-10-320-new-cases-265-die-7-543-recover-120408|website=tribuneindia| date=31 July 2020|access-date= 31 July 2020}}</ref>

===August===
====1 August====
'''Kerala:''' 1129 cases.
'''Tamil Nadu:''' 5879 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=TN records 5,879 new COVID-19 cases, 99 deaths| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/tn-records-5879-new-covid19-cases-99-deaths/1907248|website=outlookindia| date=1 August 2020|access-date= 1 August 2020}}</ref>

====2 August====
'''Maharashtra:''' 9509 cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maharashtra adds 9,509 Covid-19 cases in a day, 260 die| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/maharashtra-adds-9-509-covid-19-cases-in-day-260-die/story-0d7HPcSWGsGZjFsRby16dO.html|website=hindustantimes| date=2 August 2020|access-date=2 August 2020}}</ref>

====8 August====
[[Indian Medical Association]] says nearly 198 doctors died due to COVID.<ref>{{cite news |title=IMA says nearly 200 doctors in India have succumbed to COVID-19 so far; requests PM's attention |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ima-says-nearly-200-doctors-in-india-have-succumbed-to-covid-19-so-far-requests-pms-attention/articleshow/77430706.cms |access-date=9 August 2020 |work=Economic Times |date=8 August 2020}}</ref>

==2021==
{{List has been split|[[Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (January–May 2020)|January–May 2020]]{{·}}[[Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (2021)|2021]]}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-roman}}

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
{{Commons category|2019–20 coronavirus pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic in India}}
* {{YouTube|playlist=PL1a9DHjZmejE-Ep2PAu2OR8HBfLP0BLIk|title=}} – COVID-19 Management videos by the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]]
* {{Cite web|last1=Prasad|first1=R.|url=https://creatives.thehindu.com/covid_19_ebook.pdf|title=The Pandemic Notebook|last2=Perappadan|first2=Bindu Shajan|last3=Shelar|first3=Jyoti|work=The Hindu|year=2020|editor-last=George|editor-first=P.J.|quote=A handy guide from The Hindu on understanding the coronavirus pandemic and staying protected against COVID-19}}

{{#invoke:COVID-19 pandemic|}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (June-December 2020)}}
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in India|2020 B]]
[[Category:Disease outbreaks in India|Coronavirus 2020 B]]
[[Category:Timelines of the COVID-19 pandemic in India|2020 B]]
[[Category:Indian history timelines|Coronavirus 2020 B]]
[[Category:2020 in India|Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India 2020 B]]

Oru Kalluriyin Kathai

2026-03-20T22:36:09Z

Prabhash Sharma:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Oru Kalluriyin Kathai.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Nandha Periyasamy]]
| writer = Nandha Periyasamy
| producer = Sakthi Sanghavi Mohana Sanghavi
| starring = [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] [[Sonia Agarwal]]
| cinematography = [[Madhi (cinematographer)|R. Madhi]]
| editing = [[Kola Bhaskar]]
| music = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| studio = Chozha Creations
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2005|09|02}}
| runtime = 156 minutes
| language = Tamil
| country = India
}}

'''''Oru Kalluriyin Kathai''''' ({{Translation|The story of a college}}) is a 2005 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama film]] written and directed by newcomer [[Nandha Periyasamy]]. It stars [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] and [[Sonia Agarwal]], while [[Jai Varma]], [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]], and [[Charuhasan]] play supporting roles. The music was composed by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] with editing by [[Kola Bhaskar]] and cinematography by [[Madhi (cinematographer)|R. Madhi]]. The film was released in 2005 and was deemed a success upon its release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2005 |title=Chennai Box-Office (Sep 02-04) |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=13934441&cid=13525926 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123120726/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=13934441&cid=13525926 |archive-date=23 January 2014 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Moorthy is excited to meet his close friend Satya and their other college friends at a reunion after five years, seemingly planned after Satya's letter. Unfortunately, Satya's father comes only to inform them that he is in a coma. The psycho-test conducted by his doctor makes Satya reveals some incidents that happened in the early years of his college life. He had fallen in love with Jothi after she helped him board a train he was about to miss. When Jothi joined the same college where he studied, he was overjoyed, as he could see her more often. However, he never confessed his love to her, and this kept going on until the farewell day when he heard Jothi advising her friend about this. Satya's narration ends here, as he begins shouting in the doctor's room.

Following the doctor's advice, Satya's friends – Moorthy, Chandru, David, and a few others – decide to follow a recreational treatment for 30 days to help Satya wake up from the coma. They contact almost all the students, their retired principal, and lecturers from the 2000 batch to help with this treatment. They find Jothi engaged, but Moorthy hides the truth that Satya loves Jothi to make her agree to their plan, and she agrees. The group of students then transforms their current college (2005) into an old college, as it was in 2000. Satya is brought to the college and slowly begins to believe it is the same time when he studied. He is reminded of his love for Jothi and begins to wait for the farewell day, just as he was waiting five years ago.

Even Jothi realises that Satya had loved her in the past, and the entire plan is to make Satya propose to her on the farewell day. She angrily quits the plan and leaves for her home. On the night before the farewell day, he realises that the situation he is facing is in 2005, not 2000, as he had thought. Slowly, he begins to remember what exactly happened five years ago on the farewell day. Satya is seen waiting for Jothi outside a temple to confess his love when a corrupt police officer, with whom he had a previous altercation, attacks him. He suddenly wakes up and returns to the present day, realising that his friends have recreated their entire college days after five years.

On the farewell day, Jothi returns to college, and his friends force him to propose to Jothi. Satya goes to Jothi and asks her to stop acting, which his friends had asked, and not to cheat herself. He thanks her for saving him for the second time and walks away without expressing his love. Jothi runs towards Satya and tells him that she needs him and regrets wasting the five years not knowing his love for her. The couple then hugs, and the college students cheer.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] as Satya
* [[Sonia Agarwal]] as Jothi
* [[Jai Varma|Jaivarma]] as Moorthy
* [[Sashikumar Subramani|Sashi]] as Chandru
* [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] as David
* [[Anandsami]] as Guru
* [[Ravikumar (actor)|Ravikumar]] as Satya's father
* [[T. S. B. K. Moulee|Mouli]] as Principal
* [[Charle]] as Lecturer Azhagusundaram
* [[Pyramid Natarajan]] as College Correspondent
* [[Periyar Dasan]] as Munusamy, college security guard
* [[Baburaj (actor)|Baburaj]] as a corrupt police officer
* [[Charuhasan]] as Doctor
* [[Thalaivasal Vijay]] as Taxi Driver
* [[Vasu Vikram]]
* [[Kovai Senthil]] as Nair, canteen cook
* Manju
* Sai Madhavi
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], with lyrics penned by [[Na. Muthukumar]].{{Cn|date=December 2024}} R. Rangaraj of ''Chennai Online'' wrote Yuvan "songs for 'Oru Kalluriyin Kadhai' are an apt example of Yuvan's perception and understanding of the demands of the market. Yet, he is able to provide something distinctive in the overall delivery, presentation and packaging of the songs".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangaraj |first=R |date=29 August 2005 |title=Yuvan scores with Kalluriyin Kadhai |url=http://chennaionline.com/music/FilmsAudio/2005/08kalluriyinkadhaiaudio.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071129215505/http://chennaionline.com/music/FilmsAudio/2005/08kalluriyinkadhaiaudio.asp |archive-date=29 November 2007 |access-date=4 August 2024 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref>

{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_writing =
| title1 = Kadhal Enbathu
| extra1 = [[Harish Raghavendra]], [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
| length1 = 5:25
| title2 = Kangal Kalangida
| extra2 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length2 = 4:54
| title3 = Kangal Kandadhu
| extra3 = [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
| length3 = 4:50
| title4 = Pangu Podu
| extra4 = KK, [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]
| length4 = 4:04
| title5 = Unakku Endru Oruthi
| extra5 = [[Unni Menon]]
| length5 = 1:07
| title6 = Dhalappa Kattuda
| extra6 = [[Palakkad Sreeram]]
| length6 = 3:03
| title7 = Kangal Kandadhu
| note7 = film version, included in the soundtrack
| extra7 = Ranjith, Ganga
| length7 = 4:48
| title8 = Geetha Mela
| extra8 = Devan, Ranjith, Sounder Rajan
| length8 = 3:55
| title9 = Kadhal Enbathu
| note9 = film version, not included in the soundtrack
| extra9 = Ranjith, Chinmayi
| length9 = 4:17
}}

== Critical reception ==
''[[Sify]]'' wrote "On the whole Oru Kalooriyin Kathai is too high-concept for our audience with a slow paced narration that goes back and forth with a predictable climax."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oru Kalooriyin Kathai |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/oru-kalooriyin-kathai-review-tamil-pclvMhaajdjfb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315174134/http://www.sify.com/movies/oru-kalooriyin-kathai-review-tamil-pclvMhaajdjfb.html |archive-date=15 March 2016 |access-date=24 January 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> G. Ulaganathan of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote, "Weird and depressing. That in a nutshell is ''Oru Kalluriyin Kadhai'' [...] Yuvan Shankar Raja’s music is the only saving grace".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ulaganathan |first=G |date=6 October 2006 |title=Oru Kalluriyin Kadhai (U/A) |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sep112005/movies17332005910.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006204610/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sep112005/movies17332005910.asp |archive-date=6 October 2006 |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> Lajjavathi of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote that the story is good but called the screenplay, dialogues and direction as average and most of the scenes did not stay in the mind and advised Arya to concentrate more on script selection.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=லஜ்ஜாவதி |date=18 September 2005 |title=ஒரு கல்லூரியின் கதை |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2005-09-18/page/80/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240423030431/https://archive.org/details/kalki2005-09-18/page/80/mode/2up |archive-date=23 April 2024 |access-date=22 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=80 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Nandha Periyasamy}}

[[Category:2005 Indian films]]
[[Category:2005 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2005 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:2005 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Nandha Periyasamy]]
[[Category:Films scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic drama films]]

{{Improve categories|date=April 2025}}

Zilla Parishad High School

2026-03-18T18:52:11Z

Prabhash Sharma: Content refined and expanded

{{Short description|Indian secondary school}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
[[File:Zilla parishad high school.jpg|thumb|Zilla Parishad High School]]

'''Zilla Parishad High School''' ('''ZPHS''') is a type of [[State ownership|state-run]] [[Secondary School|secondary school]] in [[India]]. These schools are established, supervised, and funded by the [[District Councils of India]] (locally known as ''Zilla Parishad'', district level local authorities of states).<ref>{{cite web|title=Zilla Parishad Standing Committee on Education|url=http://www.teindia.nic.in/mhrd/50yrsedu/g/52/4K/524K0702.htm|website=Teacher Education|publisher=National Informatics Centre|access-date=10 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310203305/http://www.teindia.nic.in/mhrd/50yrsedu/g/52/4K/524K0702.htm|archive-date=10 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ZP High Schools provide education for students from grades 6-10 of the [[Secondary School Certificate]].

==Background==
Zilla Parishad Schools are generally established in rural areas while other government and private high schools cater to urban areas.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nagaraju|first=M. T. V.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pe8RUvwHxbcC&dq=Zilla+Parishad+High+School&pg=PA75|title=Study Habits Of Secondary School Students|date=2004|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7141-893-0|language=en}}</ref>

==Administration==
Parishad Educational Officer is responsible for preparing budget for the school and disbursing salaries for Zilla Parishad teachers. Director of School Education releases funds for this purpose.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sudarshanam|first=G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wY7kAAAAMAAJ&q=Zilla+Parishad+School|title=Rural Education: A Study of Universalisation of Education in India|date=1991|publisher=Gian Publishing House|isbn=978-81-212-0351-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Josephine|first=Yazali|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=91vLBO-V-gYC&dq=Zilla+Parishad+School&pg=PA92|title=Financing of School Education: Focus on Equality & Development|date=2004|publisher=Anamika Publishers & Distributors|isbn=978-81-7975-030-8|language=en}}</ref>

==Zilla Parishad High Schools (ZPHS) in Andhra Pradesh==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No.
! School name
! Village/Town
! District
! State
! Established
|-
| 1
| Zilla Parishad High School (ZPHS), Pedanandipadu
| Pedanandipadu
| Guntur
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1917
|-
| 2
| ZPHS, Piduguralla
| Piduguralla
| Palnadu
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1942
|-
| 3
| ZPHS, Kanchikacherla
| Kanchikacherla
| Krishna
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1948
|-
| 4
| ZPPHS Boys, Jangareddigudem
| Jangareddigudem
| Eluru
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1949
|-
| 5
| ZPHS, Chapara
| Chapara
| Srikakulam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1950
|-
| 6
| ZPHS, Gollavilli
| Gollavilli
| East Godavari
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1951
|-
| 7
| ZPHS, Makkuva
| Makkuva
| Vizianagaram
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1951
|-
| 8
| ZPHS, Vatsavai
| Vatsavai
| Krishna
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1951
|-
| 9
| ZPHS, Kothavalasa
| Kothavalasa
| Vizianagaram
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1952
|-
| 10
| ZPHS, Chinnapalli Palem
| Chinnapalli Palem
| Nellore
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1952
|-
| 11
| ZPHS Girls, Kandukur
| Kandukur
| Nellore
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1952
|-
| 12
| ZPHS, Singupuram
| Singupuram
| Srikakulam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1955
|-
| 13
| ZPHS, Kesanapalli
| Kesanapalli
| East Godavari
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1957
|-
| 14
| ZPHS, Alamanda Koduru
| Alamanda Koduru
| Visakhapatnam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1958
|-
| 15
| ZPHS, Molagavalli
| Molagavalli
| Kurnool
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1959
|-
| 16
| ZPHS, Koduru
| Koduru
| Srikakulam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1959
|-
| 17
| ZPHS, Gonegandla
| Gonegandla
| Kurnool
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1960
|-
| 18
| ZPHS, Badinehal (Adoni)
| Badinehal (Adoni)
| Kurnool
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1960
|-
| 19
| ZPHS, Tiruchanur
| [[Tiruchanur]]
| Chittoor
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1960
|-
| 20
| ZPHS, Chembakur
| [[Chembakur]]
| Chittoor
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1960
|-
| 21
| ZPHS, Kadiam
| [[Kadiam]]
| East Godavari
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1961
|-
| 22
| ZPHS, Mulapadu
| Mulapadu
| Krishna
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1961
|-
| 23
| ZPHS, Gotlagattu
| Gotlagattu
| Prakasam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1961
|-
| 24
| ZPHS, B N Kandriga
| B N Kandriga
| Chittoor
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1961
|-
| 25
| ZPHS, Pathatekkali (Palasa)
| Pathatekkali (Palasa)
| Srikakulam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1961
|-
| 26
| ZPHS, Nidamanuru
| [[Nidamanuru, Krishna district|Nidamanuru]]
| NTR
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1962
|-
| 27
| ZPHS, Pullalacheruvu
| [[Pullalacheruvu]]
| Prakasam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1962
|-
| 28
| ZPHS, J R Puram
| J R Puram
| Srikakulam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1962
|-
| 29
| ZPHS, Venkatagiri
| [[Venkatagiri]]
| Tirupati
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1963
|-
| 30
| ZPHS, Kanithi
| Kanithi
| Visakhapatnam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1965
|-
| 31
| ZPHS, Chinnayagudem
| Chinnayagudem
| West Godavari
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1966
|-
| 32
| ZPHS, Jonnavalasa
| Jonnavalasa
| Vizianagaram
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1966
|-
| 33
| ZPHS, Iskapalli
| [[Iskapalli]]
| Nellore
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1967
|-
| 34
| ZPHS, Gopalapatnam
| [[Gopalapatnam]]
| Visakhapatnam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1968
|-
| 35
| ZPHS, Goljam
| Goljam
| Vizianagaram
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1968
|-
| 36
| ZPHS, Nunna (Vijayawada)
| Nunna (Vijayawada)
| Krishna
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1969
|-
| 37
| ZPHS, Nagulavaram
| [[Nagulavaram]]
| Guntur
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1972
|-
| 38
| ZPHS, Martur (Ongole)
| Martur (Ongole)
| Bapatla
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1975
|-
| 39
| ZPHS, Pallam
| [[Pallam]]
| Tirupati
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1976
|-
| 40
| ZPHS, Narava (Gopalapatnam)
| Narava (Gopalapatnam)
| Visakhapatnam
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1978
|-
| 41
| ZPHS, Pedda Harivanam
| Pedda Harivanam
| Kurnool
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1979
|-
| 42
| SASR ZPHS, CHV Gudem (Mylavaram)
| CHV Gudem (Mylavaram)
| Krishna
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1980
|-
| 43
| ZPHS, Nandyalampeta
| [[Nandyalampeta]]
| Kadapa
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1980
|-
| 44
| ZPHS, Ipur
| [[Ipur, Palnadu district|Ipur]]
| Palnadu
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1980
|-
| 45
| ZPHS, Cherukupalli
| [[Cherukupalli]]
| Bapatla
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1981
|-
| 46
| ZPHS, Ilavaram
| [[Ilavaram]]
| Bapatla
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1981
|-
| 47
| ZPHS, Tallapudi
| [[Tallapudi]]
| West Godavari
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1982
|-
| 48
| ZPHS, Sathrawada
| [[Sathrawada]]
| Chittoor
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1982
|-
| 49
| ZPHS, Sanivarapupeta
| [[Sanivarapupeta]]
| Eluru
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1984
|-
| 50
| ZPHS, Savalyapuram
| [[Savalyapuram]]
| Palnadu
| Andhra Pradesh
| 1984
|}

==See also==
* [[Mandal Parishad Primary School]]
* [[Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:High schools in India]]

{{India-school-stub}}

Black & White (2008 Telugu film)

2026-03-17T00:06:14Z

Prabhash Sharma: put up a data...

{{short description|Indian Telugu-language thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = Sreekanth Vemulapalli
| writer = Sreekanth Vemulapalli
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = P. Uday Kiran
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Rajeev Kanakala]]
*[[Sindhu Tolani]]
*[[Jackie Shroff]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Joshi
| editing = [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]
| music = Vijay Kurakula
| studio = Mythri Films (P) Ltd.
| distributor = U.K. Avenues
| released = {{Film date|2008|8|21|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Black & White''''' is a 2008 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[thriller film]] written and directed by Sreekanth Vemulapalli. The film stars [[Rajeev Kanakala]], [[Sindhu Tolani]] and [[Jackie Shroff]].

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Rajeev Kanakala]] as Bharath
*[[Sindhu Tolani]] as Sameera
*[[Jackie Shroff]] as CBI officer
*Surekha Vani
*[[Uttej]] as Sreenu
*[[C. V. L. Narasimha Rao]] as Sameera's father
*Ayesha Jaleel as Sameera's mother
*[[Raghu Karumanchi]]
*[[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]]
*[[Shankar Melkote]]
*[[K. Viswanath]] as the [[President of India]]
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]]
*[[Shakeela]]
*[[Jenny (actor)|Jenny]]
*[[Tirupathi Prakash]]
}}

== Production ==
The film was launched on 19 January 2008 at [[Jubilee Hills]], Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/black-and-white-launched/articleshow/2713960.cms|title=Black and White launched|date=20 January 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 March 2026}}</ref> By the end of January 2008, the first schedule was complete.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/a-thriller-in-bw/articleshow/2743478.cms|title=A thriller in B&W|date=31 January 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 March 2026}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by Vijay Kurakula with lyrics by [[Vanamali]]. The audio launch took place on 20 August 2008 at [[Prasad Studios|Prasad Labs]], Hyderabad with [[M. M. Keeravani]] and [[Nandamuri Kalyan Ram]] as the chief guests. The audio was released under the Vel Records music label.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-blackandwhite.html|title=Black and white music launch - Telugu cinema -Rajiv Kanakala|website=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=10 March 2026|date=20 August 2008|location=Hyderabad}}</ref> The background score was initially planned to be launched separately on 8 August 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/first-of-its-kind/articleshow/3334490.cms|title=First of its kind|date=7 August 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 March 2026}}</ref>

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Telugucinema.com]]'' wrote, "''Black and White'' is a technically good movie from a debutant director who seems to know how to keep the film free of nonsense".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/moviereviews/blackandwhite_moviereview.php|title=Black & White: Movie Review|author=NaChiKi|work=[[Telugucinema.com]]|date=28 August 2008|access-date=10 March 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101209155620/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/moviereviews/blackandwhite_moviereview.php|archive-date=9 December 2010}}</ref> The film ran for fifty days and the fifty days function took place at the former Hampi restaurant in Hyderabad with [[Allari Naresh]], [[Uday Kiran]], [[Richard Rishi|Rishi]], and [[Suhasini (Telugu actress)|Suhasini]] as the chief guests.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/50days-blackandwhite.html|title=Black and white 50 days function|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=12 October 2008|location=Hyderabad|access-date=10 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/hyderabad/golden-day/articleshow/3590975.cms|title=Golden day|date=14 October 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 March 2026}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2008 thriller films]]
[[Category:2008 Indian films]]
[[Category:2008 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]

2017 Rising Pune Supergiant season

2026-03-16T04:06:23Z

Prabhash Sharma: creating new details...

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Rising Pune Supergiant
| image =
| alt =
| season = [[2017 Indian Premier League]]
| captain = [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]]
| coach = [[Stephen Fleming]]
| ground = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Pune]] (Capacity: 42,000)<ref>{{cite news|title=MCA Stadium |url=http://www.iplt20.com/venues/7/mca-international-stadium|access-date=13 February 2016|work=IPLT20|date=13 February 2016}}</ref>
| comp1 = 2017 IPL
| comp1 result = Runners-Up
| prevseason = [[Rising Pune Supergiants in 2016|2016]]
|}}

[[Rising Pune Supergiant]] (RPS) was a franchise cricket team based in [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India, which played in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) in 2016 and 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=C|first1=Aprameya|title=Pune and Rajkot announced as 2 new franchises in IPL|url=http://www.oneindia.com/sports/cricket/pune-rajkot-2-new-franchises-ipl-for-2-years-1949400.html|access-date=8 December 2015|work=One India|date=8 December 2015}}</ref> It was one of eight teams which competed in the [[2017 Indian Premier League]]. The team was captained for the season by [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] and coached by [[Stephen Fleming]]. They lost the [[2017 Indian Premier League final|final]] to [[Mumbai Indians]] by 1 run in what was to be the team's last match.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Karthik Krishnaswamy|title=Mumbai Indians clinch third IPL title in last-ball finish|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/content/story/1098739.html|access-date=24 May 2017|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=21 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=Aditya Ramesh|title=RPS, GL contracts won't be extended|url=http://www.timesnow.tv/ipl-2017/article/royals-csk-will-return-in-ipl-2018-no-extension-for-rps-lions-confirms-rajeev-shukla/60638|access-date=27 May 2017|work=Times of India|date=7 May 2017}}</ref>

==Pre-season==
* [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] replaced [[MS Dhoni]] as the team's captain before the start of the season.<ref name="Rising_Pune_Captain">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/mahendra-singh-dhoni-removed-as-rising-pune-supergiants-skipper-for-ipl-2017/story-4bS6Uk0Vf641HWkZPHJSFN.html|title=MS Dhoni axed as Rising Pune Supergiants skipper, Steve Smith to take over|date=February 19, 2017|publisher=hindustantimes.com}}</ref>
* The franchise changed its name to ''Rising Pune Supergiant'', removing the 's', on 26 March 2017.<ref name="Rising_Pune_Name">{{cite news|title=IPL 2017: Changes continue! After captain, Pune change their team name|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ipl-2017-10/rising-pune-supergiant-team-name-change-steve-smith-ms-dhoni-4586431/ |access-date=26 March 2017|work=indianexpress.com}}</ref>

==Player acquisition==
{{main|List of 2017 Indian Premier League personnel changes}}
The player auction for the 2017 season was held on 20 February in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news|title=IPL 2017 auction to be held on February 20|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/92023/ipl-2017-auction-to-be-held-on-february-20|work=Cricbuzz|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref> Rising Pune Supergiant bought the following players at the auction:

*[[Ben Stokes]]
*[[Jaydev Unadkat]]
*[[Rahul Chahar]]
*[[Saurabh Kumar (cricketer)|Saurabh Kumar]]
*[[Milind Tandon]]
*[[Daniel Christian]]
*[[Rahul Tripathi]]
*[[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]]
*[[Lockie Ferguson]]

The first trading window was open in December 2016 while the second trading window was open from 13 to 20 January 2017. The following transfers were made by Rising Pune Supergiant during the trading windows:

*[[Mayank Agarwal]]<ref name=trading_1>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/1078423.html|title=Supergiants acquire Mayank Agarwal from Daredevils |work=Cricinfo }}</ref> from [[Delhi Daredevils]]
*[[Shardul Thakur]]<ref>{{cite web|author1=Aditya Ramesh|title=RPS acquire Shardul Thakur from Kings XI|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/content/story/1085524.html|access-date=29 May 2017|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=6 March 2017}}</ref> from [[Kings XI Punjab]]

== Squad ==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
! No.
! Name
! Nationality
! Birth date
! Batting style
! Bowling style
! Year signed
! Salary
! Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batsmen
|-
| 3|| '''[[Ajinkya Rahane]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1988|6|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|8|c|year=2017|mode=historical}} ||
|-
| 13|| '''[[Faf du Plessis]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1984|07|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|4.75|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
| 22|| [[Mayank Agarwal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1991|2|16|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.6|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
| 45|| '''[[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1985|11|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] [[googly]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|50|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 49|| '''[[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]]'''|| {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1989|6|2|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|4|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Captain/Overseas
|-
| 52|| [[Rahul Tripathi]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1991|3|2|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 100|| '''[[Usman Khawaja]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1986|12|18|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|1|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
| 5|| [[Baba Aparajith]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1994|7|8|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 18|| [[Ankit Sharma (cricketer)|Ankit Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1991|4|20|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 25|| '''[[Mitchell Marsh]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1991|10|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|4.8|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
| 29|| [[Rajat Bhatia]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1979|10|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|60|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 54|| '''[[Daniel Christian]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1983|5|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|1|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
| 55|| '''[[Ben Stokes]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1991|6|4|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|14.5|c|year=2017|mode=historical}} || Overseas
|-
| 555|| [[Washington Sundar]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1999|10|5|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|Replacement signing ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
| 7|| '''[[MS Dhoni]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1981|7|7|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|12.5|c|year=2017|mode=historical}} ||
|-
| 27|| [[Ankush Bains]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1995|12|16|df=y}} || Right-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| || [[Milind Tandon]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1993|10|29|df=y}} || Right-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Bowlers
|-
| 1|| [[Rahul Chahar]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1999|8|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] [[googly]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 9|| [[Deepak Chahar]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1992|8|7|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 10|| [[Shardul Thakur]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1991|10|16|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 11|| '''[[Ashok Dinda]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1984|3|25|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|50|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 63|| '''[[Adam Zampa]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1992|3|31|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] [[googly]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|30|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Overseas
|-
| 69|| '''[[Lockie Ferguson]]''' || {{cr|NZ}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1991|6|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|50|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Overseas
|-
| 77|| '''[[Jaydev Unadkat]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1991|10|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|30|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 99|| '''[[Ravichandran Ashwin]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1986|9|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|7.5|c|year=2017|mode=historical}} ||
|-
| 999|| '''[[Imran Tahir]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1979|3|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] [[googly]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| Replacement signing || Overseas
|-
| || [[Ishwar Pandey]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1989|8|15|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|20|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| || [[Jaskaran Singh (cricketer, born 1991)|Jaskaran Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1991|12|21|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| || [[Saurabh Kumar (cricketer)|Saurabh Kumar]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1993|5|1|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|}

==League stage==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No.
!Date
! Opponent
! Venue
! Result
! Man of the Match
! Scorecard
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
|1|| {{dts|1=2017|2=4|3=6|format=dmy}} || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|Pune]] || Won by 7 wickets || [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] 84*(54) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082592.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fcc;"
|2|| {{dts|1=2017|2=4|3=8|format=dmy}} || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[Holkar Stadium|Indore]] || Lost by 6 wickets || || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082594.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fcc;"
|3|| {{dts|1=2017|2=4|3=11|format=dmy}} || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|Pune]] || Lost by 97 runs || || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082599.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fcc;"
|4|| {{dts|1=2017|2=4|3=14|format=dmy}} || [[Gujarat Lions]] || [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium|Rajkot]] || Lost by 7 wickets|| || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082603.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
|5|| {{dts|1=2017|2=4|3=16|format=dmy}} || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium|Banaglore]] || Won by 27 runs || [[Ben Stokes]] 3/18 (4 overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082607.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
|6|| {{dts|1=2017|2=4|3=22|format=dmy}} || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|Pune]] || Won by 6 wickets || [[MS Dhoni]] 61*(34) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082615.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
|7|| {{dts|1=2017|2=4|3=24|format=dmy}} || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Wankhede Stadium|Mumbai]] || Won by 3 runs || [[Ben Stokes]] 2/21 (4 overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082618.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fcc;"
|8|| {{dts|1=2017|2=4|3=26|format=dmy}} || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|Pune]] || Lost by 7 wickets || || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082620.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
|9|| {{dts|1=2017|2=4|3=29|format=dmy}} || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|Pune]] || Won by 61 runs || [[Lockie Ferguson]] 2/7 (4 overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082624.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
|10|| {{dts|1=2017|2=5|3=1|format=dmy}} || [[Gujarat Lions]] || [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|Pune]] || Won by 5 wickets || [[Ben Stokes]] 103*(63) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082629.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
|11|| {{dts|1=2017|2=5|3=3|format=dmy}} || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Won by 4 wickets || [[Rahul Tripathi]] 93(52) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082631.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
|12|| {{dts|1=2017|2=5|3=6|format=dmy}} || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium|Hyderabad]] || Won by 12 runs || [[Jaydev Unadkat]] 5/30 (4 overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082634.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fcc;"
|13|| {{dts|1=2017|2=5|3=12|format=dmy}} || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Feroz Shah Kotla|Delhi]] || Lost by 7 runs || || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082642.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
|14|| {{dts|1=2017|2=5|3=14|format=dmy}} || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|Pune]] || Won by 9 wickets || [[Jaydev Unadkat]] 2/12 (3 overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082645.html Scorecard]
|-
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"| League stage record of 9–5; second in points table; qualified for playoffs
|}

==Play-offs==
;Qualifier 1
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match57}} 16 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Rising Pune Supergiant]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 162/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 142/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]] 58 (48)
| wickets1 = [[Lasith Malinga]] 1/14 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Parthiv Patel]] 52 (40)
| wickets2 = [[Washington Sundar]] 3/16 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Washington Sundar]] (Rising Pune Supergiant)
| umpires = [[Sundaram Ravi]] (India) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082647.html Scorecard]
| result = Rising Pune Supergiant won by 20 runs
| notes = 3/16 (4 overs) were the best figures of [[Washington Sundar]] (Rising Pune Supergiant).
*This victory meant RPS directly qualified for the final.
}}
----
;Final
{{main|2017 Indian Premier League final}}
{{Limited overs matches | date = {{anchor|match60}} 21 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Rising Pune Supergiant]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| score1 = 128/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 129/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] 51 (50)
| wickets1 = [[Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)|Mitchell Johnson]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Krunal Pandya]] 47 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Jaydev Unadkat]] 2/19 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Krunal Pandya]] (Mumbai Indians)
| umpires = [[Nigel Llong]] (England) and [[Sundaram Ravi]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082650.html Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 1 run
| notes = Mumbai Indians became the first team to win a third IPL title.
*This was Rising Pune Supergiant's last IPL game and was the first IPL final to be decided by 1 run.
}}

==Statistics==

===Most runs===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
! class="unsortable" | Player !! {{Tooltip | Mat | Matches}} !! {{Tooltip | Inns | Innings}} !! {{Tooltip | NO | Not out}} !! Runs !!{{Tooltip | Ave | Average}} !! {{Tooltip | SR | Strike rate}} !! {{Tooltip | HS | High score }} !! {{Tooltip | 100 | Hundreds scored}} !! {{Tooltip | 50 | Fifties scored}} !! {{Tooltip | 4s | Boundary fours}} !! {{Tooltip | 6s | Boundary sixes}}
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]]
| style="text-align:left" | 15 || 15 || 3 || '''472''' || 39.33 || 121.96 || 84* || 0 || 3 || 38 || 12
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Rahul Tripathi]]
| style="text-align:left" | 14 || 14 || 0 || '''391''' || 27.92 || 146.44 || 93 || 0 || 2 || 43 || 17
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Ajinkya Rahane]]
| style="text-align:left" | 16 || 16 || 1 || '''382''' || 25.46 || 118.26 || 60 || 0 || 2 || 35 || 9
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]]
| style="text-align:left" | 15 || 13 || 3 || '''324''' || 32.40 || 137.28 || 60 || 0 || 2 || 31 || 11
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Ben Stokes]]
| style="text-align:left" | 12 || 11 || 1 || '''316''' || 31.60 || 142.98 || 103* || 1 || 1 || 22 || 15
|-
|}

* '''Source:''' ESPNcricinfo<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=6;id=5843;type=team|title= Rising Pune Supergiant / Records / Twenty20 Matches / Most Runs |publisher=ESPN |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>

===Most wickets===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
! class="unsortable" | Player !! {{Tooltip | Mat | Matches}} !! {{Tooltip | Inns | Innings}} !! {{Tooltip | Wkts | Wickets}} !! {{Tooltip | BBI | Best innings bowling }} !! {{Tooltip | Avg | Average}} !! {{Tooltip | Econ | Economy}} !! {{Tooltip | SR | Strike rate}} !! {{Tooltip | 4w | 4 wickets in an innings}} !! {{Tooltip | 5w | 5 wickets in an innings}}
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Jaydev Unadkat]]
| style="text-align:left" | 12 || 12 || '''24''' || 5/30 || 13.41 || 7.02 || 11.4 || 0 || 1
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Imran Tahir]]
| style="text-align:left" | 12 || 12 || '''18''' || 3/18 || 20.50 || 7.85 || 15.6 || 0 || 0
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Ben Stokes]]
| style="text-align:left" | 12 || 12 || '''12''' || 3/18 || 26.33 || 7.18 || 22.0 || 0 || 0
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Daniel Christian]]
| style="text-align:left" | 13 || 13 || '''11''' || 2/10 || 27.09 || 7.45 || 21.8 || 0 || 0
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Shardul Thakur]]
| style="text-align:left" | 12 || 12 || '''11''' || 3/19 || 28.63 || 8.25 || 20.8 || 0 || 0
|-
|}

* '''Source:''' ESPNcricinfo<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=6;id=5843;type=team|title= Rising Pune Supergiant / Records / Twenty20 Matches / Most Wickets |publisher=ESPN |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.risingpunesupergiants.in/ Official Website]
{{Rising Pune Supergiants}}

[[Category:Rising Pune Supergiants seasons]]
[[Category:2017 Indian Premier League]]

Padmaavat

2026-03-15T00:18:29Z

Prabhash Sharma: further adjust details per sources and improved wording for accuracy

{{short description|2018 Indian film by Sanjay Leela Bhansali}}
{{About|the film|other uses|Padmavati (disambiguation){{!}}Padmavati}}
{{pp-pc}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Padmaavat
| image = Padmaavat poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]
| producer = {{ubl|Sanjay Leela Bhansali|Sudhanshu Vats|[[Ajit Andhare]]}}
| screenplay = {{ubl|Sanjay Leela Bhansali|Prakash Kapadia}}
| story =
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Padmavat]]''|[[Malik Muhammad Jayasi]]}}<ref name="business" />
| starring = {{ubl|[[Deepika Padukone]] | [[Shahid Kapoor]] | [[Ranveer Singh]] | [[Aditi Rao Hydari]]}}
| music = '''Songs:''' Sanjay Leela Bhansali '''Score:''' [[Sanchit Balhara]]
| cinematography = [[Sudeep Chatterjee]]
| editing = Rajesh G. Pandey
| studio = [[Bhansali Productions]]
| distributor = [[Viacom18 Studios|Viacom18 Motion Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2018|01|25|ref1=<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmaavat-on-jan-25-deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh-shahid-kapoor-share-release-date-with-a-new-poster/story-yqIZGd1QKYZeVteCN20mVN.html |title='Padmavati' to release as 'Padmaavat' on January 25 |date=14 January 2018 |access-date=22 January 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122162923/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmaavat-on-jan-25-deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh-shahid-kapoor-share-release-date-with-a-new-poster/story-yqIZGd1QKYZeVteCN20mVN.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| runtime = 163 minutes<ref name="Release date">{{cite news |last1=Iyer |first1=Sanyukta |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali's magnum opus Padmavat starring Deepika Padukone, Ranveer Singh and Shahid Kapoor to release on Jan 24 – Mumbai Mirror – |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/cover-story/padmavat-to-release-on-jan-25/articleshow/62398184.cms |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=Mumbai Mirror |date=7 January 2018 |archive-date=7 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107013330/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/cover-story/padmavat-to-release-on-jan-25/articleshow/62398184.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
| budget = {{INR}}180–190 crore<ref name=":7"/><ref name=":13"/><ref name=":10"/>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR}}572 crore<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/padmaavat/box-office/|title=Padmaavat Box Office|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922032856/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/padmaavat/box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

'''''Padmaavat''''' is a 2018 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Epic film|epic]] [[historical drama film]] directed by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]. Based on the [[epic poem]] [[Padmavat|of the same name]] by [[Malik Muhammad Jayasi]], it stars [[Deepika Padukone]] as [[Rani Padmini|Rani Padmavati]], a [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese-born]] [[Rajput]] queen known for her beauty, wife of [[Ratnasimha|Maharawal Ratan Singh]], played by [[Shahid Kapoor]]. [[Alauddin Khilji|Sultan Alauddin Khilji]], played by [[Ranveer Singh]], hears of her beauty and attacks her kingdom to enslave her. [[Aditi Rao Hydari]], [[Jim Sarbh]], [[Raza Murad]], and [[Anupriya Goenka]] are featured in supporting roles.<ref name="business">{{cite news |title=Padmavati trailer: Sanjay Leela Bhansali's new film looks grand, spellbinding and very expensive! |url=http://www.businesstoday.in/trending/entertainment/padmavati-trailer-sanjay-leela-bhansali-shahid-kapur-deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh/story/261682.html |work=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |date=9 October 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107014354/http://www.businesstoday.in/trending/entertainment/padmavati-trailer-sanjay-leela-bhansali-shahid-kapur-deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh/story/261682.html |archive-date=7 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Bhansali-Viacom18-Motion-Pictures-join-hands-for-Padmavati/articleshow/54781841.cms |title=Bhansali, Viacom18 Motion Pictures join hands for 'Padmavati' |work=[[The Times of India]] | access-date=14 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617062030/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Bhansali-Viacom18-Motion-Pictures-join-hands-for-Padmavati/articleshow/54781841.cms |archive-date=17 June 2017}}</ref>

With a production budget of {{INRConvert|180|c|1k=c|year=2018|mode=historical}}–{{INRConvert|190|c|lk=c|year=2018|mode=historical}}, ''Padmaavat'' is one of the [[List of most expensive Indian films|most expensive Indian films]] ever made.<ref name=":7">{{cite news|title=Deepika - Ranveer's 'Padmavati': Budget decoded|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/most-expensive-films/deepika-ranveers-padmavati-budget-decoded/photostory/54327229.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=27 September 2022|archive-date=27 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927143510/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/most-expensive-films/deepika-ranveers-padmavati-budget-decoded/photostory/54327229.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite web|title=Padmaavat box office: Sanjay Leela Bhansali's epic makes Rs 220 crore worldwide in first week|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmaavat-box-office-sanjay-leela-bhansali-s-epic-makes-rs-220-crore-worldwide-in-first-week/story-1JG7CVgNIp4EvM0CvPej0H.html|website=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=31 January 2018|access-date=2 October 2022|quote=The film was made at an estimated Rs 180 crore budget.|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002121434/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmaavat-box-office-sanjay-leela-bhansali-s-epic-makes-rs-220-crore-worldwide-in-first-week/story-1JG7CVgNIp4EvM0CvPej0H.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/padmaavat-box-office-collection-day-22-deepika-padukones-film-is-a-super-hit-earns-267-crore-1813915|title="Padmaavat" Box Office Collection Day 22: Deepika Padukone's Film Is A Super Hit. Earns 267 Crore|website=[[NDTV]]|access-date=2 February 2018|quote=The Sanjay Leela Bhansali's magnum opus, which was reportedly made on lavish budget of ₹ 190 crore.|archive-date=11 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811153833/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/padmaavat-box-office-collection-day-22-deepika-padukones-film-is-a-super-hit-earns-267-crore-1813915|url-status=live}}</ref> Initially scheduled for release on 1 December 2017, the film faced numerous controversies. Amid violent protests, its release was indefinitely delayed. The [[Central Board of Film Certification]] later approved the film with few changes, which includes the addition of multiple disclaimers and a change from its original title '''''Padmavati'''''.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/film-padmavati-to-get-ua-certificate-title-may-be-changed-to-padmavat-1793855 |title=Censor Board Wants "Padmavati" Renamed "Padmavat", 5 Changes To Film |publisher=NDTV |access-date=30 December 2017 |archive-date=30 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230133652/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/film-padmavati-to-get-ua-certificate-title-may-be-changed-to-padmavat-1793855 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42523876 |title=India film Padmavati 'cleared by censors' |date=30 December 2017 |work=BBC News |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821000516/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42523876 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was rescheduled for release on 25 January 2018 in 2D, 3D and [[IMAX 3D]] formats, making it the first Indian film to be released in IMAX 3D.<ref>{{cite web |last=Shruti |first=Shiksha |title=Padmaavat Is Officially The Title of Deepika Padukone's Film Now. See Changed Name on Social Media |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/padmaavat-is-officially-the-title-of-deepika-padukones-film-now-see-changed-name-on-social-media-1798833 |access-date=11 January 2018 |publisher=NDTV |date=11 January 2018 |archive-date=30 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730202634/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/padmaavat-is-officially-the-title-of-deepika-padukones-film-now-see-changed-name-on-social-media-1798833 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Upon release, ''Padmaavat'' received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics, with praise for the visuals, costume design, cinematography, screenplay, soundtrack, and performances, but criticism for its pacing, runtime, and adherence to [[Reactionary|regressive]] [[Patriarchy|patriarchal mores]].<ref name=":9" /> Critics also disliked the portrayal of Khilji as a stereotypical evil Muslim king and Ratan Singh as the righteous Hindu king, which led to protests by the respective [[Religion in India|religious communities]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Thakur |first1=Tanul |title='Padmaavat' Is an Opulent Combination of Dazzling Technology and Regressive Values |url=https://thewire.in/216926/padmaavat-opulent-combination-dazzling-technology-regressive-values/ |access-date=28 January 2018 |work=The Wire |archive-date=2 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202141914/https://thewire.in/216926/padmaavat-opulent-combination-dazzling-technology-regressive-values/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Someshwar |first1=Savera R |title=Padmaavat review: Nothing new to offer |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/padmaavat-review-nothing-new-to-offer/20180124.htm |access-date=28 January 2018 |work=Rediff |archive-date=18 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418144818/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/padmaavat-review-nothing-new-to-offer/20180124.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Vetticad">{{cite news |last1=Vetticad |first1=Anna MM |title=Padmaavat movie review: Bhansali couches regressive, opportunistic messaging in exhausting visual splendour |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/padmaavat-padmavati-padmavat-movie-review-bhansali-couches-regressive-opportunistic-messaging-in-exhausting-visual-splendour-4317153.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124135739/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/padmaavat-padmavati-padmavat-movie-review-bhansali-couches-regressive-opportunistic-messaging-in-exhausting-visual-splendour-4317153.html |archive-date=24 January 2018 |access-date=13 February 2018 |work=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Betwa |title=Padmavati Was Never A Role Model For These Rajput Women, And Now She's A Curse |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2018/01/24/for-these-rajput-women-padmavati-is-now-a-curse_a_23342945/ |access-date=28 January 2018 |work=Huffington Post India |date=25 January 2018 |archive-date=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125073912/https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2018/01/24/for-these-rajput-women-padmavati-is-now-a-curse_a_23342945/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Saibal |title="Padmaavat" Movie Review: Despite Deepika Padukone's Inspired Performance, Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Film Is A Slog |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/padmaavat-movie-review-deepika-padukone-is-to-die-for-in-sanjay-leela-bhansalis-tepid-film-1804438 |access-date=28 January 2018 |work=NDTV.com |date=26 January 2018 |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410003850/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/padmaavat-movie-review-deepika-padukone-is-to-die-for-in-sanjay-leela-bhansalis-tepid-film-1804438 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Naqvi |first1=Bobby |title=Why 'Padmaavat' bothers me as an Indian Muslim |url=http://gulfnews.com/opinion/thinkers/why-padmaavat-bothers-me-as-an-indian-muslim-1.2164257 |access-date=28 January 2018 |work=Gulf News |date=28 January 2018 |archive-date=4 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004003116/https://gulfnews.com/opinion/thinkers/why-padmaavat-bothers-me-as-an-indian-muslim-1.2164257 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Suparna Sharma" /> Despite not being released in some states of India, it grossed over {{INRConvert|571.98|c|lk=}} at the box office, becoming a major commercial success and the [[List of Indian films of 2018|third highest-grossing Indian film of 2018]].<ref name="fourthend">{{cite news |date=19 February 2018 |title=Padmaavat box office collection: Sanjay Leela Bhansali film mints Rs 525 crore worldwide |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/padmaavat-box-office-collection-5069970/ |access-date=19 February 2018 |archive-date=17 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417164143/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/padmaavat-box-office-collection-5069970/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="bhboxoffice">{{cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-break-padmaavat/ |title=Box Office: Worldwide collections and day wise break up of Padmaavat |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=5 February 2018 |date=26 January 2018 |archive-date=17 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817004912/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-break-padmaavat/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

At the [[64th Filmfare Awards]], ''Padmaavat'' received a leading 18 nominations, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (both for Bhansali), [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] (Padukone) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Singh), and won 4, including [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor|Best Actor (Critics)]] (Singh) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] (Bhansali).<ref>{{cite news |title=Winners of the 64th Vimal Filmfare Awards 2019 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/all-winners-of-the-64th-vimal-filmfare-awards-2019_-33004-3.html |date=23 March 2019 |access-date=23 March 2019 |work=[[Filmfare]] |archive-date=23 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323165124/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/all-winners-of-the-64th-vimal-filmfare-awards-2019_-33004-3.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It also won 3 [[National Film Awards]], including [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction|Best Music Direction]] (Bhansali).<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/national-film-awards-2019-the-full-list-of-winners/article28931491.ece |title=National Film Awards 2019: 'Andhadhun', 'Uri:The Surgical Strike' bag awards |work=The Hindu |access-date=9 August 2019 |date=9 August 2019 |archive-date=9 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809103542/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/national-film-awards-2019-the-full-list-of-winners/article28931491.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==
In 13th-century [[Afghanistan]], [[Khilji dynasty|Khilji]] ruler, [[Jalal-ud-Din Khalji|Jalal-ud-din Khilji]] plans to take over the [[Delhi Sultanate|throne of Delhi]]. His nephew [[Alauddin Khilji]]<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/padmaavat-movie-review-ranveer-singh-towers-over-deepika-padukone-shahid-kapoor-in-this-beautiful-film/story-8hyFBRNMzwk03TuElU20lL.html Padmaavat movie review: Sanjay Leela Bhansali's film does what Karni Sena wanted to do] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307204606/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/padmaavat-movie-review-ranveer-singh-towers-over-deepika-padukone-shahid-kapoor-in-this-beautiful-film/story-8hyFBRNMzwk03TuElU20lL.html |date=7 March 2018 }} Quote: "Alauddin is asked to bring ostrich's hair, instead he brings a chain-cuffed ostrich."</ref> asks for Jalaluddin's daughter [[Malika-i-Jahan (wife of Alauddin Khalji)|Mehrunisa]]'s hand in marriage. Their wedding is organised, but on the night of the event, Alauddin engages in [[adultery]] with another woman. A senior courtier witnesses the act, Shareef Pasha, and is promptly killed by Alauddin. Mehrunisa is informed of this during the wedding, leaving her horrified. The wedding occurs, and Alauddin is appointed as a lead general in Jalalauddin's army.

In [[Sri Lanka|Singhal]], princess [[Rani Padmini|Padmavati]] accidentally wounds the Rajputi ruler of [[Mewar]], [[Ratnasimha|Maharawal Ratan Singh]], while hunting in a forest. As she treats him, he reveals that he has traveled to [[Sinhala Kingdom|Sinhala]] to acquire rare pearls for his only wife [[Nagmati]]. Eventually, the two bond and fall in love. Ratan Singh asks for Padmavati's hand in marriage, she agrees, and with permission from her father, they are married.

[[Khalji Revolution|Jalaluddin takes over the throne of Delhi]] and sends Alauddin to repel a [[Mongol invasions of India|Mongol invasion]]. Alauddin is successful in doing so, but undertakes an unsanctioned [[Alauddin Khilji's raid on Devagiri|raid on Devagiri]]. He captures the princess there, and makes her his [[concubine]]. Jalaluddin's wife and nephew, Itaat Khan, warns him against Alauddin's ambition to take over the throne. However, he journeys to [[Kara, Uttar Pradesh|Kara]] to meet Alauddin and gifts him the slave [[Malik Kafur]]. Alauddin has Jalalauddin's ministers assassinated by [[Malik Kafur]], and Jalalauddin is killed by one of Alauddin's generals. Alauddin then returned to Delhi and declared himself the new [[Sultan]]. Over time, Alauddin and Kafur become very close, and Kafur rises to become a general in Alauddin's army.

Padmavati journeys to [[Mewar]] with Ratan Singh and is blessed by his royal priest, Raghav Chetan. Chetan later intrudes into the palace secretly and spies upon an intimate moment between Ratan and Padmavati, and is subsequently banished. He then travels to [[Delhi]] and informs Alauddin of Padmavati's beauty. Alauddin, who is fixated with having anything that is exceptional, invites the Rajputs to Delhi, but his invitation is rejected. Enraged, he lays siege to Ratan Singh's capital [[Chittor]]. After six months of an unsuccessful siege, Alauddin feigns peace on account of [[Holi]] and is allowed to enter Chittor, where he meets Ratan Singh. He asks to see Padmavati; Ratan Singh grants this request, but only momentarily while preventing Alauddin from seeing her face. Ratan Singh is tricked by Khilji and is taken to Delhi as a prisoner.

Upon Queen Nagmati's insistence, Padmavati agrees to see Alauddin under some conditions: she will meet Ratan first, there would be no male guardians during their meet and Chetan will be executed for his earlier treachery. Alauddin agrees; Padmavati then travels to Delhi to meet him. Meanwhile, Alauddin survives an assassination plot by his nephew, though he is wounded. When his nephew visits him recovering in bed to finish him off, Alauddin awakens and kills him. The Rajputs, disguised in women's dress, plan to ambush the Khilji soldiers in the morning, at the time for morning ''[[Salah|namāz]]''. Padmavati, along with Chittor's generals, Gora and Badal, frees Ratan Singh, and escapes with Mehrunisa's help. Ratan confronts Alauddin, who urges Ratan to take this opportunity to kill him in his weakened state. However, Ratan refuses as this is against the Rajput creed of not attacking the wounded. The Rajput ambush goes ahead as planned, but the Khilji soldiers are alerted to it and repulse the attack, killing the Rajputs who allow the King and Queen to escape.

Alauddin imprisons Mehrunisa for helping the Rajputs and marches to Chittor. He and Ratan Singh engage in a single duel; Alauddin is wounded and drops his sword, Ratan is about to kill him when Kafur takes the opportunity to mortally wound Ratan while his back is turned with arrows. While dying, he berates Alauddin and his forces for fighting dishonorably. As Alauddin's army conquers Chittor, the Rajput women, led by Padmavati, commit ''[[Jauhar]]'' (mass suicide by immolation) to protect their honor and dignity from the invading army. The film concludes with Padmavati entering the fire with a faint smile, indicating her collective bravery, indomitable spirit and defiance against Alauddin, leaving him furious. Although Alauddin wins the battle, he is ultimately defeated in his pursuit of Padmavati.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Deepika Padukone]] as [[Rani Padmini|Padmavati]] – a 13th–14th century<ref>{{cite book |last1=D'Souza |first1=Florence |title=Knowledge, mediation and empire: James Tod's journeys among the Rajputs |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-1-78499-207-1 |page=258 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rm7LCgAAQBAJ&q=padmini+13th+century+queen |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112131710/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Rm7LCgAAQBAJ&dq=padmini+13th+century+queen&source=gbs_navlinks_s |archive-date=12 November 2017}}</ref> legendary Rajput queen, who was, according to ''Padmaavat'', the wife of Rajput king Ratan Singh (also known as Ratan Sen), the ruler of [[Mewar]]. The news of Padmavati's beauty reached Sultan Alauddin Khilji, who besieged Singh's capital, Chittor, motivated by his desire to capture the queen.
* [[Shahid Kapoor]] as [[Rawal Ratan Singh|Ratan Singh]] – the last Rajput ruler of the [[Guhila dynasty]] that ruled the kingdom of Mewar. He was defeated by Alauddin Khilji's forces during the siege of Chittor.
* [[Ranveer Singh]] as [[Alauddin Khilji]] – the second and most powerful ruler of the [[Khilji dynasty]] that ruled the [[Delhi Sultanate]].<ref name="Srivastava" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Shiksha |first1=Shruti |title=Padmavati: Presenting Ranveer Singh As Sultan Alauddin Khilji |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/padmavati-presenting-ranveer-singh-as-sultan-alauddin-khilji-1757796 |access-date=13 November 2017 |work=NDTV.com |date=3 October 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011052753/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/padmavati-presenting-ranveer-singh-as-sultan-alauddin-khilji-1757796 |archive-date=11 October 2017}}</ref> He ascended the throne by murdering his paternal uncle and father-in-law, Sultan [[Jalal-ud-Din Khalji]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Alauddin Khilji, Queen Padmavati and jauhar: A tale of lust and valour |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/what-is/padmavati-trailer-what-is-the-legend-of-alauddin-khilji-and-padmavati-4882096/ |access-date=13 November 2017 |work=The Indian Express |date=9 October 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113221432/http://indianexpress.com/article/what-is/padmavati-trailer-what-is-the-legend-of-alauddin-khilji-and-padmavati-4882096/ |archive-date=13 November 2017}}</ref> According to ''Padmaavat'', Khilji laid siege to Chittor motivated by his desire to capture Ratan Singh's beautiful wife, Padmavati.
* [[Aditi Rao Hydari]] as [[Malika-i-Jahan (wife of Alauddin Khalji)|Mehrunisa]]<ref name="Insta">{{cite web |title=Aditi Rao Hydari (@aditiraohydari) • Instagram photos and videos |url=https://www.instagram.com/aditiraohydari/ |website=instagram.com |access-date=20 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326005023/https://www.instagram.com/aditiraohydari/ |archive-date=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kameshwari |first1=A. |title=Padmavati actor Aditi Rao Hydari slams BJP leader, says 'no difference between a gangster and political leader' |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padmavati-actor-aditi-rao-hydari-bjp-leader-sanjay-leela-bhansali-trolled-4945875/ |access-date=20 November 2017 |work=The Indian Express |date=20 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120081931/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padmavati-actor-aditi-rao-hydari-bjp-leader-sanjay-leela-bhansali-trolled-4945875/ |archive-date=20 November 2017}}</ref> – the first wife of Alauddin Khilji and Queen of the Delhi Sultanate
* [[Jim Sarbh]] as [[Malik Kafur]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Ranveer Singh to play bisexual in 'Padmavati' and this actor will be his love interest? |url=http://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/ranveer-singh-to-play-bisexual-in-padmavati-2043961.html |access-date=13 November 2017 |work=Zee News |date=20 September 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113114230/http://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/ranveer-singh-to-play-bisexual-in-padmavati-2043961.html |archive-date=13 November 2017}}</ref> – a prominent [[eunuch]] slave-general of Alauddin Khilji<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rhode |first1=Shruti |title=Did you spot Jim Sarbh in the Padmavati trailer? |url=http://www.timesnownews.com/zoom/bollywood-news/latest/article/spot-jim-sarbh-in-padmavati-trailer-ranveer-singh-alauddin-khilji-malik-kafur/58839 |website=zoomtv.com |access-date=13 November 2017 |date=9 October 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123090630/http://www.timesnownews.com/zoom/bollywood-news/latest/article/spot-jim-sarbh-in-padmavati-trailer-ranveer-singh-alauddin-khilji-malik-kafur/58839 |archive-date=23 November 2017}}</ref>
* [[Raza Murad]] as [[Jalal-ud-Din Khalji]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jain |first1=Arushi |title=Padmavati: Raza Murad shares his character poster, deletes it later |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padmavati-raza-murad-shares-his-character-poster-deletes-it-later-ranveer-singh-4873610/ |access-date=14 October 2017 |work=The Indian Express |date=4 October 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014235525/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padmavati-raza-murad-shares-his-character-poster-deletes-it-later-ranveer-singh-4873610/ |archive-date=14 October 2017}}</ref> – the founder and first [[Sultan]] of the Khilji dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate. He was deposed by his nephew and son-in-law Alauddin, who murdered his uncle to usurp the throne.<ref>{{cite news |title=Padmavati: Raza Murad shares (leaks) his look as Jalaluddin Khilji, deletes it later |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmavati-raza-murad-shares-leaks-his-look-as-jalaluddin-khilji-deletes-it-later/story-xi3nYIx8k2o3nLBbXBat9I.html |access-date=12 November 2017 |work=Hindustan Times |date=4 October 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111151952/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmavati-raza-murad-shares-leaks-his-look-as-jalaluddin-khilji-deletes-it-later/story-xi3nYIx8k2o3nLBbXBat9I.html |archive-date=11 November 2017}}</ref>
* [[Anupriya Goenka]] as [[Nagmati]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Padmavati: This actress essays the role of Shahid Kapoor's first wife |url=http://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/padmavati-this-actress-essays-the-role-of-shahid-kapoor-s-first-wife-2052813.html |work=Zee News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107032734/http://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/padmavati-this-actress-essays-the-role-of-shahid-kapoor-s-first-wife-2052813.html |archive-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> – the first wife and chief queen of Ratan Singh according to ''Padmaavat''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shobha |first1=Savitri Chandra |title=Medieval India and Hindi bhakti poetry: a socio-cultural study |date=1996 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |page=77 |isbn=9788124103678 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZN9zAAAAIAAJ&q=nagmati+chief+queen |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111205030/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ZN9zAAAAIAAJ&q=nagmati+chief+queen&dq=nagmati+chief+queen&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi9ya_U5bXXAhUChrwKHWUHCBgQ6AEIKzAB |archive-date=11 November 2017}}</ref> Nagmati and her husband's second wife, Padmavati, performed ''jauhar'' together after Alauddin Khilji attacked Chittor.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mehta |first1=Ankita |title=REVEALED: The Rani in Deepika Padukone's Ghoomar song is Shahid Kapoor's first wife in Padmavati |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/revealed-rani-deepika-padukones-ghoomar-song-shahid-kapoors-first-wife-padmavati-747337 |access-date=12 November 2017 |work=International Business Times, India Edition |date=28 October 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112132152/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/revealed-rani-deepika-padukones-ghoomar-song-shahid-kapoors-first-wife-padmavati-747337 |archive-date=12 November 2017}}</ref>
* [[Ujjwal Chopra]] as [[Gora Badal|Gora Singh]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/valiant-gora-singh-darker-role-heres-ujjwal-chopra-hungamas-hankaar/ |title=From the valiant Gora Singh to a darker role here's Ujjwal Chopra in Hungama's Hankaar |first=Bollywood |last=Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=25 July 2018 |access-date=3 July 2023 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506212247/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/valiant-gora-singh-darker-role-heres-ujjwal-chopra-hungamas-hankaar/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Bhawani Muzamil as [[Amir Khusro]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramnath|first=Nandini|title=Kashmir films have always been about the location – but are now making room for locals|url=https://scroll.in/reel/919267/kashmir-films-have-always-been-about-the-location-but-are-now-making-room-for-locals|access-date=6 May 2021|website=Scroll.in|date=9 April 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108004738/https://scroll.in/reel/919267/kashmir-films-have-always-been-about-the-location-but-are-now-making-room-for-locals|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Deepak Shreemali as [[Gora Badal|Badal Singh]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deepak Shreemali|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/people/deepak-shreemali-136919|access-date=6 May 2021|website=Cinestaan|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510152926/https://www.cinestaan.com/people/deepak-shreemali-136919|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Ashwin Dhar as [[Ulugh Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ashwin Dhar|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/people/ashwin-dhar-32977|access-date=6 May 2021|website=Cinestaan|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506035355/https://www.cinestaan.com/people/ashwin-dhar-32977|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Ayaz Khan as [[Hakim (title)|Hakeem]]
*Saar Kashyap as Wardhan<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saar Kashyap roped in for BBC's Tezpur General Store |author=Aqsa Akbani Siddiqui |date=30 Jan 2020 |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/saar-kashyap-roped-bbc-s-tezpur-general-store-200130%3Famp |access-date=30 Jan 2020 |website=Tellychakkar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302005911/https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/saar-kashyap-roped-bbc-s-tezpur-general-store-200130%3Famp |archive-date=2020-03-02 |url-status=dead}}{{better source needed|date=August 2022|reason=Source says he was on the show but not the name of the character.}}</ref>
*Aayam Mehta as Raghav Chetan (Bramhachari)
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
An adaptation of Malik Muhammad Jayasi's epic ''Padmavat'' (1540),<ref name="business" /> Sanjay Leela Bhansali had been planning a film adaptation for a decade.<ref name="zeenews">{{cite news |title=10 facts you ought to know about Padmavati |url=http://zeenews.india.com/blogs/10-facts-you-ought-to-know-about-padmavati-2059476.html |work=[[Zee News]] |date=23 November 2017 |access-date=25 November 2017 |archive-date=27 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127020012/http://zeenews.india.com/blogs/10-facts-you-ought-to-know-about-padmavati-2059476.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He first worked on a television adaptation as an assistant editor for [[Shyam Benegal]]'s television series ''[[Bharat Ek Khoj]]'' (1988), based on [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s ''[[The Discovery of India]]'' (1946), featuring an episode about ''Padmaavat'' starring [[Om Puri]] as Alauddin Khilji.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sanjay Bhansali Worked on a Version of 'Padmavati' Back in the 80s |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/sanjay-leela-bhansali-padmavati-bharat-ek-khoj-shyam-benegal |website=The Quint |access-date=21 November 2017 |date=20 November 2017 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042135/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/sanjay-leela-bhansali-padmavati-bharat-ek-khoj-shyam-benegal |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2008, Bhansali produced an [[Padmâvatî|opera version]] in [[Paris]], inspiring him to begin work on a film version.<ref name="zeenews" /> ''Padmaavat'' also took inspiration from other earlier adaptations of the epic, including [[Bengali literature|Bengali literary adaptations]] from [[Kshirode Prasad Vidyavinode]] in 1906 and [[Abanindranath Tagore]] in 1909,<ref name="Print">{{cite web |title=Padmavati has been a part of Indian theatre & cinema for 111 years, and nobody protested |url=https://theprint.in/2017/11/20/padmavati-theatre-cinema-111-years/ |website=The Print |date=20 November 2017 |access-date=26 November 2017 |archive-date=17 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117081323/https://theprint.in/2017/11/20/padmavati-theatre-cinema-111-years/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Tamil film]] ''[[Chittoor Rani Padmini]]'' (1963),<ref name="crp">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/9-path-breaking-films-of-shahid-kapoor-that-changed-the-face-of-cinema-321354.html |title=9 Path Breaking Films of Shahid Kapoor That Changed The Face of Cinema |date=10 May 2017 |work=[[Times Internet]] | url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604020628/http://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/9-path-breaking-films-of-shahid-kapoor-that-changed-the-face-of-cinema-321354.html |archive-date=4 June 2017}}</ref><ref name="joshi">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/prasoon-joshi-no-comment-on-padmavati/articleshow/61764089.cms |title=CBFC chief Prasoon Joshi: No comment on 'Padmavati' |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=24 November 2017 |access-date=26 November 2017 |archive-date=31 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231145352/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/prasoon-joshi-no-comment-on-padmavati/articleshow/61764089.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Hindi film]] ''Maharani Padmini'' (1964).<ref name="Print" />

Pre-production on the film began in July 2016. That same month, playback singer [[Shreya Ghoshal]] tweeted about performing a song composed by Bhansali for the film.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shreya Ghoshal records the first song for Padmavati |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/music/shreya-ghoshal-records-the-first-song-for-padmavati-2907680/ |work=The Indian Express |date=11 July 2016 |access-date=10 October 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011141739/http://indianexpress.com/article/music/shreya-ghoshal-records-the-first-song-for-padmavati-2907680/ |archive-date=11 October 2016}}</ref> Many media outlets speculated that Deepika Padukone and Ranveer Singh, who played the leads in Bhansali's ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'' (2013) and ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'' (2015), were finalised to play [[Rani Padmini|Rani Padmavati]] and [[Alauddin Khilji]] in the film. In October 2016, it was announced that Bhansali would team up with [[Viacom 18 Motion Pictures]] to produce the film with Singh and Padukone along with [[Shahid Kapoor]] as [[Ratnasimha|Rawal Ratan Singh]], playing the lead roles.<ref name="Filmfare release">{{cite news |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/padmavati-first-look-deepika-padukone-cuts-an-authoritative-figure-film-to-release-on-1-december-4064757.html |title=It's official! Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Padmavati to release in 2017 |date=21 September 2017 |work=Firstpost |access-date=25 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921144626/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/padmavati-first-look-deepika-padukone-cuts-an-authoritative-figure-film-to-release-on-1-december-4064757.html |archive-date=21 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
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''Padmaavat'' is the third collaboration between [[Deepika Padukone]] and [[Ranveer Singh]] with Sanjay Leela Bhansali. The trio had worked before in ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'' (2013) and ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'' (2015), while it is Kapoor's first film with the three.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/padmavati-presenting-ranveer-singh-as-sultan-alauddin-khilji-1757796 |title=Padmavati: Presenting Ranveer Singh As Sultan Alauddin Khilji |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=3 October 2017 |access-date=27 October 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011052753/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/padmavati-presenting-ranveer-singh-as-sultan-alauddin-khilji-1757796 |archive-date=11 October 2017}}</ref> Their co-star from the previous films, [[Priyanka Chopra]] was also in consideration to play the title role.<ref>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/210516/priyanka-chopra-offered-another-sanjay-leela-bhansali-s-film.html Priyanka Chopra offered another Sanjay Leela Bhansali film?] . ''Deccan Chronicle''. Retrieved 29 May 2017.</ref>

[[Shah Rukh Khan]] was offered the role of Rawal Ratan Singh but felt it was not "meaty" enough and declined; failure to agree on his fee may have been a factor.<ref>{{cite news |title=Here is how Shah Rukh Khan rejected Sanjay Leela Bhansali's 'Padmavati' |url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-shahrukh-khan-padmavati-fees-sanjay-leela-bhansali-347221 |access-date=20 November 2017 |publisher=India TV |date=8 September 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105234626/http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-shahrukh-khan-padmavati-fees-sanjay-leela-bhansali-347221 |archive-date=5 November 2016}}</ref> Bhansali offered the role to [[Sushant Singh Rajput]], but he had to turn down the role over scheduling issues.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sushant Singh Rajput was offered Ramleela, Bajirao Mastani, Padmaavat: Bhansali tells cops |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/sushant-singh-rajput-was-offered-ramleela-bajirao-mastani-padmaavat-bhansali-tells-cops-1697978-2020-07-07 |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=India Today |date=7 July 2020 |language=en |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420134953/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/sushant-singh-rajput-was-offered-ramleela-bajirao-mastani-padmaavat-bhansali-tells-cops-1697978-2020-07-07 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-13 |title=Sushant Singh Rajput dropped out of Ram-Leela, Half Girlfriend and more films. Here's why |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-dropped-out-of-ram-leela-half-girlfriend-and-more-films-here-s-why-101623580504030.html |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420134953/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sushant-singh-rajput-dropped-out-of-ram-leela-half-girlfriend-and-more-films-here-s-why-101623580504030.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Shahid Kapoor was finally cast with an assurance of a good enough part and a hefty fee.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shetty Bali |first1=Rashma |title=Insecure Shahid Kapoor DEMANDS a special trailer for Padmavati from Sanjay Leela Bhansali |url=http://www.timesnownews.com/zoom/bollywood-news/gossip/article/insecure-shahid-kapoor-demands-a-special-trailer-for-padmavati-from-sanjay-leela-bhansali-ranveer/60988 |website=zoomtv.com |access-date=18 November 2017 |date=18 October 2017 |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115081848/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/insecure-shahid-kapoor-demands-a-special-trailer-for-padmavati-from-sanjay-leela-bhansali-ranveer-singh/160096 |url-status=live }}</ref> For his role, Kapoor undertook rigorous training under trainer Samir Jaura and followed a strict diet for 40 days. He also learnt sword fighting and the basics of [[Mardani khel]], a weapon-based martial art, and admitted that it had been one of the most physically and emotionally challenging roles of his career.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/padmavati-shahid-kapoor-diet-workout-fitness-regimen-for-his-role-as-maharaja-rawal-ratan-singh-1767836 |title=Padmavati: Shahid Kapoor's Diet, Workout, Fitness Regimen For His Role as Maharaja Rawal Ratan Singh |author=Sushmita Sengupta |date=27 October 2017 |access-date=27 October 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028232828/http://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/padmavati-shahid-kapoor-diet-workout-fitness-regimen-for-his-role-as-maharaja-rawal-ratan-singh-1767836 |archive-date=28 October 2017}}</ref>

Ranveer Singh portrays the antagonist of the film, Alauddin Khilji, the first negative role of his career.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chaturvedi |first1=Naina |title=Ranveer Singh Is All Set To Play His First Real Negative Role |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/08/17/ranveer-singh-is-all-set-to-play-his-first-real-negative-role_a_21453282/ |access-date=20 November 2017 |work=Huffington Post India |date=17 August 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123090630/http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/08/17/ranveer-singh-is-all-set-to-play-his-first-real-negative-role_a_21453282/ |archive-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> Director Bhansali had given him books to read delving into the psyche of dark rulers of history such as [[Adolf Hitler]], asserting that he had to completely forget who he was before he could play Khilji.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ranveer Singh's prep for Khilji {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ranveer-singh-s-prep-for-khilji-2267378|access-date=11 November 2017|work=DNA|date=26 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111211806/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ranveer-singh-s-prep-for-khilji-2267378|archive-date=11 November 2017}}</ref> Singh trained under Mustafa Ahmed to get into proper shape for the role. The actor worked out twice a day for six days a week.<ref>{{cite news |title=Padmavati: Get in shape with Ranveer Singh's insane Alauddin Khilji workout |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/fitness/padmavati-get-in-shape-with-ranveer-singh-s-insane-alauddin-khilji-workout/story-wRiCiokrvXlHRyTrsHheWO.html |access-date=11 November 2017 |work=Hindustan Times |date=8 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111152758/http://www.hindustantimes.com/fitness/padmavati-get-in-shape-with-ranveer-singh-s-insane-alauddin-khilji-workout/story-wRiCiokrvXlHRyTrsHheWO.html |archive-date=11 November 2017}}</ref> Playing Khilji affected Singh's personality and behaviour such that he had to see a psychiatrist to return to normal.<ref>{{cite news |title=Padmavati: How playing Alauddin Khilji negatively affected Ranveer Singh |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/how-playing-alauddin-khilji-in-padmavati-negatively-affected-ranveer-singh-4867379/ |access-date=20 November 2017 |work=The Indian Express |date=29 September 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008233609/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/how-playing-alauddin-khilji-in-padmavati-negatively-affected-ranveer-singh-4867379/ |archive-date=8 October 2017}}</ref>

[[Jaya Bachchan]] recommended [[Aditi Rao Hydari]]'s name to Bhansali for the role of Khilji's first wife, Mehrunisa.<ref name="Insta" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K |title=Jaya Bachchan recommended Aditi Rao Hydari for Padmavati |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/041116/jaya-bachchan-recommended-aditi-rao-hydari-for-padmavati.html |access-date=12 November 2017 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=4 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112132917/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/041116/jaya-bachchan-recommended-aditi-rao-hydari-for-padmavati.html |archive-date=12 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Goswami |first1=Parismita |title=Padmavati: Aditi Rao to play Ranveer's first wife; Deepika and Shahid to shoot intimate scene? |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/padmavati-aditi-rao-play-ranveers-first-wife-deepika-shahid-shoot-intimate-scene-701323 |access-date=11 November 2017 |work=International Business Times, India Edition |date=26 October 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111204621/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/padmavati-aditi-rao-play-ranveers-first-wife-deepika-shahid-shoot-intimate-scene-701323 |archive-date=11 November 2017}}</ref> Bhansali cast Hydari over four other choices.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jain |first1=Arushi |title=Padmavati: Will Aditi Rao Hydari romance Ranveer Singh? |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padmavati-will-aditi-rao-hydari-romance-ranveer-singh-3103726/ |access-date=24 January 2018 |work=The Indian Express |date=26 October 2016 |archive-date=13 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113060116/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padmavati-will-aditi-rao-hydari-romance-ranveer-singh-3103726/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She is the only member of the star cast who actually belongs to a royal lineage.<ref>{{cite news |title=Aditi Rao Hydari is busy with Padmavati |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/151017/aditi-rao-hydari-is-busy-with-padmavati.html |access-date=11 November 2017 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=15 October 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111153426/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/151017/aditi-rao-hydari-is-busy-with-padmavati.html |archive-date=11 November 2017}}</ref>

[[Raza Murad]] portrays Alauddin's paternal uncle and Khilji dynasty founder, Sultan [[Jalaluddin Khilji]]. Murad has earlier collaborated with Bhansali in ''Goliyon Ki Rasleela Ram-Leela'' and ''Bajirao Mastani''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Padmavati: Raza Murad shares (leaks) his look as Jalaluddin Khilji, deletes it later |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmavati-raza-murad-shares-leaks-his-look-as-jalaluddin-khilji-deletes-it-later/story-xi3nYIx8k2o3nLBbXBat9I.html |access-date=11 November 2017 |work=Hindustan Times |date=4 October 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111151952/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmavati-raza-murad-shares-leaks-his-look-as-jalaluddin-khilji-deletes-it-later/story-xi3nYIx8k2o3nLBbXBat9I.html |archive-date=11 November 2017}}</ref> [[Jim Sarbh]] portrays [[Malik Kafur]], a prominent eunuch slave-general of Alauddin Khilji.<ref>{{cite news |title=Padmavati: Sorry Deepika, it's not only you, Ranveer loves 'Him' too! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/200917/padmavati-sorry-deepika-its-not-only-you-ranveer-loves-him-too.html |access-date=12 November 2017 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=20 September 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001173739/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/200917/padmavati-sorry-deepika-its-not-only-you-ranveer-loves-him-too.html |archive-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> Sarbh learned horse-riding for the role.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K. |title=Jim Sarbh learns horse riding for Padmavati; gets to play Parsi in Raju Hirani's film |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/jim-sarbh-learns-horse-riding-padmavati-gets-play-parsi-raju-hiranis-film/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=12 November 2017 |date=7 January 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925181349/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/jim-sarbh-learns-horse-riding-padmavati-gets-play-parsi-raju-hiranis-film/ |archive-date=25 September 2017}}</ref>

On 25 October 2017, a video of the first song from the film, titled "[[Ghoomar (song)|Ghoomar]]", was released, in which a woman dressed like a queen appeared briefly. It was later revealed in a [[Twitter]] fan page of Sanjay Leela Bhansali Productions, that the woman is Maharawal Ratan Singh's first wife, Rani [[Nagmati]], who is portrayed by [[Anupriya Goenka]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Padmavati: The mystery of Ghoomar's unknown woman solved. This is who she is |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmavati-the-mystery-of-ghoomar-s-unknown-woman-solved-this-is-who-she-is/story-vUPjhb3fnUwuOPUaN7nKJP.html |access-date=11 November 2017 |work=Hindustan Times |date=28 October 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111152129/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmavati-the-mystery-of-ghoomar-s-unknown-woman-solved-this-is-who-she-is/story-vUPjhb3fnUwuOPUaN7nKJP.html |archive-date=11 November 2017}}</ref>

=== Budget ===
Due to the costs mounted on the film by delay in the release, [[Box Office India]] declared the film's budget to be {{INRConvert|215|c|lk=c|year=2018|mode=historical}}, which makes it the [[List of most expensive Indian films#Hindi|most expensive Hindi film]] and one of the [[List of most expensive Indian films|most expensive Indian films]] ever made.<ref name=":11">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3633 |title=Padmaavat – Where Does The CREDIT Go |website=Box Office India |access-date=29 January 2018 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821093835/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3633 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":10" />

=== Costumes ===
Delhi-based Rimple and Harpreet Narula designed Rani Padmavati's costume using traditional [[Gota (embroidery)|Gota]] embroidery work of Rajasthan. The border derives from the architectural details of Rajasthani palace windows and jharokhas and the odhnis have been styled in conventional ways which are still prevalent in the Mewar belt of [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Padmavati: 200 Craftsmen, 600 Days to Create Deepika Padukone's Jewellery |url=http://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/padmavati-200-craftsmen-600-days-to-create-deepika-padukones-jewellery-1545263.html |work=[[Network 18]] |date=13 October 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027231503/http://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/padmavati-200-craftsmen-600-days-to-create-deepika-padukones-jewellery-1545263.html |archive-date=27 October 2017}}</ref> The designer duo elaborated that the costume worn by Padukone in the final scene of the film features the tree-of-life motif and twisted [[Gota (embroidery)|gota]] embroidery and has a Kota dupatta with [[Woodblock printing|block printing]]. Padukone's dresses were made with [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]] influences, as the character of Padmavati hailed from [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Myers-El |first1=Noble Timothy |title=The unknown lore of Amexem's indigenous people: an aboriginal treatise |date=2008 |location=Bloomington, Ind |isbn=978-1-4343-2767-3 |page=186}}</ref>

The costumes for Shahid Kapoor were made from [[mulmul]] and cotton, with special attention given to the [[turban]]s, one of which, featuring a 28-dye lehariya, was inspired by a turban to be found at the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] in [[London]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.timesnownews.com/lifestyle/article/youll-be-surprised-to-know-what-all-went-behind-creating-the-costumes-for-padmavati/103665 |title=You'll be surprised to know what all went behind creating the costumes for Padmavati |last=Kher |first=Ruchika |date=9 October 2017 |publisher=timesnownews.com |access-date=1 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107005756/http://www.timesnownews.com/lifestyle/article/youll-be-surprised-to-know-what-all-went-behind-creating-the-costumes-for-padmavati/103665 |archive-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> The clothes for Ranveer Singh were based on travellers' accounts of the [[Turco-Persian tradition|Turko-Persian]] [[Indo-Persian culture|influence on Indian clothing]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/deepika-padukone-padmavati-designers-ranveer-singh-shahid-kapoor-rimple-harpreet-narula-bollywood-news/17732198 |title=Here's what Deepika Padukone will wear in 'Padmavati |work=Mid-day |access-date=2 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107004504/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/deepika-padukone-padmavati-designers-ranveer-singh-shahid-kapoor-rimple-harpreet-narula-bollywood-news/17732198 |archive-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> (Khilji was of [[Turko-Afghan]] heritage).<ref name="Srivastava">{{cite book |author=A. L. Srivastava |author-link=Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava |title=The Sultanate of Delhi, 711–1526 A.D. |edition=Second |year=1966 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PAsfAAAAIAAJ |publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala |oclc=607636383 |page=140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123090630/https://books.google.com/books?id=PAsfAAAAIAAJ |archive-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> The costumes for Aditi Rao Hydari, who plays Khilji's first wife Mehrunisa, incorporated Turkish, [[Afghan clothing|Afghan]], [[Culture of Mongolia|Mongol]] and [[Ottoman clothing|Ottoman]] elements to showcase Mehrunisa's [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] origins.<ref name="ShikhaKohli29">{{cite web |last1=Kohli |first1=Shikha |title=Padmaavat: Couturiers Rimple & Harpreet Narula decode Aditi Rao Hydari's Begum Mehrunissa look |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/fashion/celebrity-style/padmaavat-couturiers-rimple-harpreet-narula-decode-aditi-rao-hydaris-begum-mehrunissa-look-396784 |website=pinkvilla.com |access-date=29 January 2018 |date=29 January 2018 |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103055727/https://www.pinkvilla.com/fashion/celebrity-style/padmaavat-couturiers-rimple-harpreet-narula-decode-aditi-rao-hydaris-begum-mehrunissa-look-396784 |url-status=live }}</ref> For both Singh and Hydari's costumes, extensive research was done on the clothing and textiles of the Turkish belt, from [[Afghanistan]] and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] to [[Kazakhstan]] and to the [[Central Asia]]n belt around [[Turkey]].<ref name="ShikhaKohli29" /><ref>{{cite web |title=The making of Padmavati Costumes by Rimple and Harpreet Narula {{!}} Deepika Padukone {{!}} Ranveer Singh|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYj66vZLzXg|access-date=19 November 2017|date=15 November 2017|via=YouTube|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123090630/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYj66vZLzXg|archive-date=23 November 2017}}</ref>

Padukone's look for the "Ghoomar" song features intricate jewellery weighing up to {{Convert|3|kg|abbr=on}} designed by [[Tanishq]] featuring a triple Borla, Mathapatti and Bajuband which are traditional ornaments worn by Rajasthani women.<ref name="Ghoomar Jewellery.">{{cite web |title=Ghoomar Jewellery by Tanishq |url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/padmavati-ghoomar-song-all-you-need-to-know-about-deepika-padukones-3-kilo-gold-ensemble-1558207.html |publisher=[[News18]] |date=26 October 2017 |access-date=31 October 2017 |archive-date=26 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026183349/http://www.news18.com/amp/news/lifestyle/padmavati-ghoomar-song-all-you-need-to-know-about-deepika-padukones-3-kilo-gold-ensemble-1558207.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Vipul Amar and Harsheen Arora of Delhi-based design house 'The V Renaissance' designed costumes for Rawal Ratan Singh and Alauddin Khilji, employing historical techniques to create the armour such as [[cuirboilli]], sculpting, chiselling, and inlaying.<ref>{{cite web |title='Padmavati' style file: A sneak peek into Ranveer Singh, Shahid Kapoor's warrior armours |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/padmavati-style-files-ranveer-singh-shahid-kapoor-warrior-armours-designs-4909554/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=19 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107165950/http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/padmavati-style-files-ranveer-singh-shahid-kapoor-warrior-armours-designs-4909554/ |archive-date=7 November 2017 |date=28 October 2017}}</ref> The armour took a team of forty workers a total of eight months to prepare.<ref>{{cite web |title=REVEALED: It took 8 months to create Shahid, Ranveer's armours for Padmavati |url=http://www.timesnownews.com/zoom/bollywood-hindi-movies/filmy/article/padmavati-shahid-kapoor-ranveer-singh-battle-armour-costumes-designers-deepika-padukone-sanjay-leela/63223 |website=zoomtv.com |date=27 October 2017 |access-date=1 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120041226/http://www.timesnownews.com/zoom/bollywood-hindi-movies/filmy/article/padmavati-shahid-kapoor-ranveer-singh-battle-armour-costumes-designers-deepika-padukone-sanjay-leela/63223 |archive-date=20 November 2017}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Padmaavat (soundtrack)}}
The [[film score|score]] of ''Padmaavat'' is composed by [[Sanchit Balhara]], while the songs are composed by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]. [[A. M. Turaz]] and Siddharth-Garima wrote the lyrics to the songs. The first song "[[Ghoomar (song)|Ghoomar]]", to which Padukone performs the traditional Rajasthani folk dance on a set that replicates the interior of Chittorgarh Fort,<ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone To Dance Amidst 400 Lamps for a Ghoomar Dance Sequence in SLB's 'Padmavati' |url=http://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/deepika-padukone-to-dance-amidst-400-lamps-for-a-ghoomar-dance-sequence-in-slb-s-padmavati-266312.html |work=The Times of India |date=28 November 2016 |access-date=2 December 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202083952/http://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/deepika-padukone-to-dance-amidst-400-lamps-for-a-ghoomar-dance-sequence-in-slb-s-padmavati-266312.html |archive-date=2 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The grandness of Deepika's 'Ghoomar' song in Padmavati will leave you spellbound |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/grandness-deepikas-ghoomar-song-padmavati-will-leave-spellbound/ |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=28 November 2016 |access-date=2 December 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202235844/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/grandness-deepikas-ghoomar-song-padmavati-will-leave-spellbound/ |archive-date=2 December 2016}}</ref> was released on 25 October 2017.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=TSeries |number=922770825974915072 |title=A splendid display of pomp & dance. #Ghoomar from #Padmavati releases tomorrow. Stay tuned! #GhoomarOutTomorrow @FilmPadmavati |author=[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] |date=24 October 2017 |access-date=24 October 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704073258/https://twitter.com/TSeries/status/922770825974915072 |archive-date=2018-07-04}}</ref> The second song from the film "Ek Dil Ek Jaan", a love ballad featuring Padukone and Kapoor, was released on 19 November.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shiksha |first1=Shruti |title=Padmavati Song Ek Dil Ek Jaan: Presenting Deepika Padukone And Shahid Kapoor's 'Love Ballad' |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/padmavati-song-ek-dil-ek-jaan-presenting-deepika-padukone-and-shahid-kapoors-love-ballad-1774117 |access-date=21 January 2018 |publisher=NDTV |date=11 November 2017 |archive-date=4 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104153050/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/padmavati-song-ek-dil-ek-jaan-presenting-deepika-padukone-and-shahid-kapoors-love-ballad-1774117 |url-status=live }}</ref> The complete soundtrack was released by the record label [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<ref name="Soundtrack">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmaavat-soundtrack-listen-to-full-versions-of-all-songs-from-the-film-before-it-releases-next-week/story-nRo70E301R6sYolVcv3HSJ.html |title=Padmaavat soundtrack: Listen to full versions of all songs from the film before it releases next week |date=21 January 2018 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=21 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121124756/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmaavat-soundtrack-listen-to-full-versions-of-all-songs-from-the-film-before-it-releases-next-week/story-nRo70E301R6sYolVcv3HSJ.html |url-status=live }}</ref> on 6 January 2018 in Hindi, and 12 January in Tamil and Telugu.<ref>{{Citation |title=Padmaavat (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP by Sanjay Leela Bhansali |date=21 January 2018 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/padmaavat-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1337583433 |access-date=3 May 2018 |archive-date=8 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208011359/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/padmaavat-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1337583433 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Controversies ==
{{see also|Hindutva boycott of Bollywood films}}
''Padmaavat'' was mired in controversies during its production. Several [[Rajput]] caste organisations including [[Shri Rajput Karni Sena]] and its members had protested and later vandalised the film sets claiming that the film portrays Padmavati, a Rajput queen, in bad light. They had also assaulted Bhansali on a film set.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali assault: 'Padmavati' actors Deepika Padukone, Ranveer Singh and Shahid Kapoor break their silence |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sanjay-leela-bhansali-assault-padmavati-deepika-padukone-breaks-her-silence/articleshow/56832864.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=29 January 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117003856/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sanjay-leela-bhansali-assault-padmavati-deepika-padukone-breaks-her-silence/articleshow/56832864.cms |archive-date=17 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="bounty-telegraph">{{cite news |title=Bounty placed on Bollywood actress' head after Hindu-Muslim film outrage |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/17/bounty-placed-bollywood-actress-head-hindu-muslim-film-outrage/ |access-date=19 November 2017 |work=The Telegraph |date=17 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118052745/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/17/bounty-placed-bollywood-actress-head-hindu-muslim-film-outrage/ |archive-date=18 November 2017}}</ref> The Sena had made further threats of violence.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tilak |first=Sudha G. |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42048512 |title=Padmavati: Why a Bollywood epic is facing fierce protests |date=21 November 2017 |work=BBC News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121221911/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42048512 |archive-date=21 November 2017}}</ref> While filming a scene in [[Masai Plateau]], [[Kolhapur]] at night in October 2017, some people attacked and set the set ablaze, injuring animals and destroying several costumes.<ref name="Inc1">{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padmavati-controversies-deepika-padukone-sanjay-leela-bhansali-shahid-kapoor-ranveer-singh-4898856/ |title=Padmavati rangoli row: All the controversies Deepika Padukone-Ranveer Singh starrer has courted before its release |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=20 October 2017 |access-date=27 October 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027180848/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padmavati-controversies-deepika-padukone-sanjay-leela-bhansali-shahid-kapoor-ranveer-singh-4898856/ |archive-date=27 October 2017}}</ref> Several Muslim leaders protested against the misrepresentation of Alauddin Khilji and called for a ban.<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/now-padmavati-hurts-muslim-sentiments/story-t4nSqsLwkxMgBRiMjNFogL.html |title=After Rajputs, Muslims want ban on Padmavati for showing them in 'negative light' |date=2 January 2018 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=29 January 2018 |archive-date=29 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195315/https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/now-padmavati-hurts-muslim-sentiments/story-t4nSqsLwkxMgBRiMjNFogL.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/more-trouble-for-padmavati-ajmer-dargah-deewan-urges-pm-to-ban-release-117111600673_1.html |title=More trouble for Padmavati: Ajmer Dargah Deewan urges PM to ban release |agency=Press Trust of India |date=16 November 2017 |work=Business Standard |access-date=9 December 2017 |archive-date=10 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210071542/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/more-trouble-for-padmavati-ajmer-dargah-deewan-urges-pm-to-ban-release-117111600673_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In the days leading up to the film's release, there were violent protests and riots in several parts of India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ray |first1=Saptarshi |title=Violent protests spread across India as controversial Padmaavat film finally released |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/01/25/violent-protests-spread-across-india-controversial-padmaavat/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/01/25/violent-protests-spread-across-india-controversial-padmaavat/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |date=25 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bollywood epic about Hindu queen provokes mobs rioting in streets |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/south-asia/article/2130408/bollywood-epic-padmavati-about-14th-century-hindu-queen-has |work=[[South China Morning Post]] |date=24 January 2018 |access-date=28 January 2018 |archive-date=28 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128040642/http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/south-asia/article/2130408/bollywood-epic-padmavati-about-14th-century-hindu-queen-has |url-status=live }}</ref> In [[Haryana]], the protestors had attacked several vehicles including a school bus.<ref>{{cite news |title=Padmaavat protests: School bus vandalised in Gurgaon, Haryana Roadways bus set afire |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/gurgaon-school-bus-vandalised-during-padmaavat-release-protests/story-DbhawmDBTZ7Y68c4GAw5kK.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=24 January 2018 |access-date=25 January 2018 |archive-date=18 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218081456/https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/gurgaon-school-bus-vandalised-during-padmaavat-release-protests/story-DbhawmDBTZ7Y68c4GAw5kK.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Padmaavat protests: There's freedom to stone school bus with children |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/padmaavat-protests-rock-six-states-theres-freedom-to-stone-school-bus-with-children-5038259/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=25 January 2018 |access-date=25 January 2018 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125070435/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/padmaavat-protests-rock-six-states-theres-freedom-to-stone-school-bus-with-children-5038259/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Bhansali and Deepika Padukone had received threats of violence and death.<ref name="guardian">{{cite news |last=Safi |first=Michael |title=Indian film Padmavati sparks protests over 'Hindu-Muslim romance' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/16/indian-film-padmavati-sparks-protests-over-hindu-muslim-romance |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116142642/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/16/indian-film-padmavati-sparks-protests-over-hindu-muslim-romance |archive-date=16 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone Gets Special Security After Threats Over Padmavati |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/padmavati-controversy-fringe-group-karni-sena-threatens-to-cut-off-deepika-padukones-nose-1776238 |access-date=16 November 2017 |publisher=[[NDTV]] | url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116204200/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/padmavati-controversy-fringe-group-karni-sena-threatens-to-cut-off-deepika-padukones-nose-1776238 |archive-date=16 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/sanjay-leela-bhansali-finally-break-his-silence-on-padmaavat-row-it-was-humiliating-i-was-angry/19001167 |title=Mid-day |last=Dedhia |first=Sonil |date=31 January 2018 |access-date=31 January 2018 |archive-date=31 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131162446/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/sanjay-leela-bhansali-finally-break-his-silence-on-padmaavat-row-it-was-humiliating-i-was-angry/19001167 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film makers received support from the film community and industry associations including the [[Indian Film & Television Directors' Association]], Cine & TV Artists Association, Western India Cinematographers' Association, Association of Cine & Television Art Directors & Costume Designers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Padmavati: Film associations say they are upset, question government's silence |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmavati-film-associations-say-they-are-upset-question-government-s-silence/story-0EbSWZe4RHawR7sifxdZjO.html |access-date=19 November 2017 |work=Hindustan Times |agency=Press Trust of India |date=14 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114080141/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmavati-film-associations-say-they-are-upset-question-government-s-silence/story-0EbSWZe4RHawR7sifxdZjO.html |archive-date=14 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Priyanka |title=Padmavati row: IFTDA, CINTAA and top associations support Sanjay Leela Bhansali, call it attack on film fraternity |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padmavati-row-iftda-cintaa-condemn-opposition-to-padmavati-call-it-attack-on-film-fraternity-4935866/ |access-date=19 November 2017 |work=The Indian Express |date=13 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113173452/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padmavati-row-iftda-cintaa-condemn-opposition-to-padmavati-call-it-attack-on-film-fraternity-4935866/ |archive-date=13 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.india.com/news/agencies/padmavati-row-film-fraternity-to-have-a-15-minute-blackout-in-support-of-sanjay-leela-bhansali-2674549/ |title=Padmavati Row: Film Fraternity To Have A 15-Minute Blackout in Support Of Sanjay Leela Bhansali |first=IANS |last=Feeds |date=25 November 2017 |access-date=25 November 2017 |archive-date=27 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127012119/http://www.india.com/news/agencies/padmavati-row-film-fraternity-to-have-a-15-minute-blackout-in-support-of-sanjay-leela-bhansali-2674549/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Major political parties across India took conflicting stands. Several members and leaders of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] called for a ban on the film. The Rajasthan State unit of the [[Indian National Congress]] had also called for a ban.<ref>{{cite web |title=Congress joins Rajput chorus, says ban Padmavati if history is distorted |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/congress-joins-rajput-chorus-says-ban-padmavati-if-history-is-distorted/story-hqY2qQWP4pSW7qshLgJ35H.html |date=5 November 2017 |access-date=29 January 2018 |archive-date=29 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195657/https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/congress-joins-rajput-chorus-says-ban-padmavati-if-history-is-distorted/story-hqY2qQWP4pSW7qshLgJ35H.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Aman |title=BJP & Congress on the same page on Padmavati |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-congress-on-the-same-page-on-padmavati/articleshow/61716928.cms |access-date=20 November 2017 |work=The Economic Times |date=20 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120152618/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-congress-on-the-same-page-on-padmavati/articleshow/61716928.cms |archive-date=20 November 2017}}</ref>

The controversies surrounding the film re-opened the question of [[Censorship in India#Film|film censorship in India]] and [[Freedom of expression in India|the country's freedom of expression]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Padmavati row: As state cedes space to the fringe, idea of freedom takes a hit |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/padmavati-row-as-state-cedes-space-to-the-fringe-idea-of-freedom-takes-a-hit-3228052.html |work=Firstpost |access-date=19 November 2017 |date=30 January 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504194229/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/padmavati-row-as-state-cedes-space-to-the-fringe-idea-of-freedom-takes-a-hit-3228052.html |archive-date=4 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Padmavati tangle sign of mobocracy |url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/analysis/padmavati-tangle-sign-of-mobocracy/1172425 |work=The Free Press Journal |access-date=19 November 2017 |date=18 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123090630/http://www.freepressjournal.in/analysis/padmavati-tangle-sign-of-mobocracy/1172425 |archive-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> The [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] dismissed a petition calling to stop the film's release citing the freedom of speech and expression.<ref>{{cite news |title=Supreme Court Says Filmmakers Should Be Allowed Freedom of Speech And Expression Amid 'Padmavati', Kejriwal's Film Row |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/supreme-court-says-filmmakers-should-be-allowed-freedom-of-speech-and-expression/304447 |access-date=19 November 2017 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=16 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117205606/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/supreme-court-says-filmmakers-should-be-allowed-freedom-of-speech-and-expression/304447 |archive-date=17 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=SC rejects plea to stop documentary on Arvind Kejriwal, says freedom of expression sacrosanct |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/sc-rejects-plea-to-stop-arvind-kejriwal-film-freedom-of-expression-sacrosanct-4941199/ |access-date=19 November 2017 |work=The Indian Express |date=17 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117023910/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/sc-rejects-plea-to-stop-arvind-kejriwal-film-freedom-of-expression-sacrosanct-4941199/ |archive-date=17 November 2017}}</ref>

The film is banned in [[Malaysia]] by the Home Ministry due to its negative portrayal of a Muslim ruler and for touching sensitivities of Islam since Malaysia is predominantly a Muslim nation.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padmaavat-release-banned-malaysia-padmavat-padmavati-5044045/ Padmavati banned in Malaysia for 'touching on the sensitivities of Islam'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310221605/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padmaavat-release-banned-malaysia-padmavat-padmavati-5044045/ |date=10 March 2018 }}, The Indian Express</ref>

== Release ==
{{Multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 
| image1 = PVR Plaza CP New Delhi First Show Padmavati.jpg
| width1 = 150
| caption1 =
| image2 = PVR Plaza No poster for Padmaavati.jpg
| width2 = 150
| caption2 =
| footer = During the launch of ''Padmaavat'', there was heavy police presence deployed outside [[PVR Cinemas|PVR Plaza]], [[Connaught Place, New Delhi|CP, New Delhi]], as well as all cinema halls in the region (top). Note that no poster for ''Padmaavat'' was put up at PVR CP, as was the case reported across other cinema halls as well (bottom).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/forces-deployed-to-check-violence-over-padmaavat-release-delhi-police-1804334 |title=Forces Deployed To Check Violence Over "Padmaavat" Release: Delhi Police |website=NDTV.com |access-date=4 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205000739/https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/forces-deployed-to-check-violence-over-padmaavat-release-delhi-police-1804334 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/padmaavat-release-robust-security-in-city-for-film-screenings-says-delhi-police/1029556/ |title=Padmaavat release: Robust security in city for film screenings, says Delhi Police |date=25 January 2018 |access-date=14 January 2019 |archive-date=15 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115023049/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/padmaavat-release-robust-security-in-city-for-film-screenings-says-delhi-police/1029556/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/padmaavat-protests-heavy-deployment-of-police-in-gurgaon-thin-presence-at-schools/story-vn8Ml8PyZj5uFspKOekGtM.html |title=Padmaavat protests: Heavy deployment of police in Gurgaon, thin presence at schools |date=25 January 2018 |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=4 February 2018 |archive-date=4 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204032457/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/padmaavat-protests-heavy-deployment-of-police-in-gurgaon-thin-presence-at-schools/story-vn8Ml8PyZj5uFspKOekGtM.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

The [[Streaming media|digital streaming]] rights of ''Padmaavat'' were sold to [[Amazon Video|Amazon Prime Video]] for {{INR}}200–250 million in August 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/QDQcsXaeYMXnZS3gJYoZXP/Amazon-Prime-Video-wins-streaming-rights-for-Padmavati.html |title=Amazon Prime Video wins streaming rights for 'Padmavati' |last1=Choudhary |first1=Vidhi |date=16 August 2017 |work=Mint |access-date=19 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929231756/http://www.livemint.com/Companies/QDQcsXaeYMXnZS3gJYoZXP/Amazon-Prime-Video-wins-streaming-rights-for-Padmavati.html |archive-date=29 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Although it was reported theatrical distribution rights for all overseas territories were acquired by [[Paramount Pictures]] from [[Viacom18]] in October 2017, Paramount later clarified that they would release the film only in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and the Middle East.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/asia/paramount-to-release-indias-padmavati-from-december-1202604283/ |title=Paramount to Release India's 'Padmavati' in December |last1=Frater |first1=Patrick |date=1 November 2017 |work=Variety |access-date=19 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121164346/http://variety.com/2017/film/asia/paramount-to-release-indias-padmavati-from-december-1202604283/ |archive-date=21 November 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Indian Epic 'Padmaavat' Faces Obstacles, Despite Censor Clearance |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Naman |date=15 January 2018 |work=Variety |access-date=15 May 2023 |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/asia/india-padmaavat-faces-obstacles-despite-censor-clearance-1202664423/ |archive-date=15 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515183047/https://variety.com/2018/film/asia/india-padmaavat-faces-obstacles-despite-censor-clearance-1202664423/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Prime Focus Limited rendered the film in [[3D film|3D]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-sanjay-leela-bhansali-s-padmavati-to-have-the-widest-3d-release-for-a-hindi-film-2556946 |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali's 'Padmavati' to have the widest 3D release for a Hindi film! |date=1 November 2017 |work=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=19 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107111140/http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-sanjay-leela-bhansali-s-padmavati-to-have-the-widest-3d-release-for-a-hindi-film-2556946 |archive-date=7 November 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was initially scheduled for theatrical release on 1 December 2017 in India, but was delayed due to protests.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/confirmed-sanjay-leela-bhansali-padmavati-release-date-postponed-4944741/ |title=Amid rising protests, Padmavati release 'deferred voluntarily' |author=Alaka Sahani |date=20 November 2017 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=20 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119111038/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/confirmed-sanjay-leela-bhansali-padmavati-release-date-postponed-4944741/ |archive-date=19 November 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

''Padmavati'' was initially slated for release in the [[United Arab Emirates]] on 30 November 2017 and in the [[United Kingdom]] on 1 December 2017, but the makers stated that the film would not be released in foreign territories before receiving a certificate from the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] (CBFC).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://uae.voxcinemas.com/movies/padmavati-hindi |title=Padmavati is slated for release in the United Arab Emirates on 30 November 2017. |access-date=22 November 2017 |publisher=VOX Cinemas |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040600/https://uae.voxcinemas.com/movies/padmavati-hindi |archive-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/padmavati-uae-release-november-30-will-it-give-rise-piracy-india-748606 |title=Padmavati UAE release on November 30: Will it give rise to PIRACY in India? |access-date=22 November 2017 |work=International Business Times |archive-date=1 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041920/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/padmavati-uae-release-november-30-will-it-give-rise-piracy-india-748606 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.gulfnews.com/life-style/celebrity/desi-news/bollywood/padmavati-release-in-the-uk-uae-deferred-1.2129282 |title='Padmavati' release in the UK, UAE deferred |date=23 November 2017 |work=[[Gulf News]] |access-date=24 August 2023 |archive-date=23 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123105557/http://m.gulfnews.com/life-style/celebrity/desi-news/bollywood/padmavati-release-in-the-uk-uae-deferred-1.2129282 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the end of December, CBFC approved the film for theatrical exhibition and suggested 5 modifications to the film, which includes the addition of multiple disclaimers and amending its title to ''Padmaavat''.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8" /> The change in the title was intended to be a disclaimer that the film is not a historical drama, but a cinematic adaptation of Malik Muhammad Jayasi's epic poem ''Padmavat''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Padmaavat claims to be an adaptation of Jayasi's poem. But is it? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/standpoint/story/sanjay-leela-bhansali-padmaavat-real-story-1160294-2018-02-02 |work=[[India Today]] |date=2 February 2018 |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=7 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207224623/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/standpoint/story/sanjay-leela-bhansali-padmaavat-real-story-1160294-2018-02-02 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[British Board of Film Classification]] (BBFC) passed the film with a (12A) rating and zero cuts.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/british-censor-board-clears-padmavati-to-release-in-uk/article20673538.ece |title=British Censor Board clears 'Padmavati' for release in UK |date=23 November 2017 |work=The Hindu |access-date=25 November 2017 |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115081850/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/british-censor-board-clears-padmavati-to-release-in-uk/article20673538.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Post the CBFC approval with U/A certification, the film got banned by the Chief Ministers of four states [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Haryana]] in order to maintain 'law and order' and avert protests in their states.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padmaavat-release-date-ban-rajasthan-gujarat-madhya-pradesh-sanjay-leela-bhansali-5025520/ |title=Despite CBFC clearance, Rajasthan, Gujarat and now Haryana won't screen Padmaavat |date=15 January 2018 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=17 January 2018 |archive-date=18 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118003043/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padmaavat-release-date-ban-rajasthan-gujarat-madhya-pradesh-sanjay-leela-bhansali-5025520/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/haryana-govt-bans-release-of-padmaavat/articleshow/62523192.cms |title=Haryana govt bans release of "Padmaavat" |year=2018 |work=The Economic Times |access-date=17 January 2018 |archive-date=17 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117192207/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/haryana-govt-bans-release-of-padmaavat/articleshow/62523192.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Supreme Court of India]] over-ruled the ban, stating that freedom of speech is to be maintained and that the states have to ensure the screening of the film without any issues.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/padmaavat-producers-move-sc-against-ban-by-various-states/article22455075.ece |title=SC to hear 'Padmaavat' producers' plea against ban by four States |date=17 January 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=17 January 2018 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=17 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117075611/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/padmaavat-producers-move-sc-against-ban-by-various-states/article22455075.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1179282 |title=Padmaavat will release across the country, rules Supreme Court of India |date=18 January 2018 |work=[[DAWN Images]] |access-date=18 January 2018 |archive-date=18 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118140955/https://images.dawn.com/news/1179282 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42732022 |title=Banned Bollywood epic cleared by court |date=23 January 2018 |work=BBC News |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=25 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025164447/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42732022 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 30 January 2018, [[Malaysia]] banned the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padmaavat-release-banned-malaysia-padmavat-padmavati-5044045/ |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Padmaavat banned in Malaysia |date=30 January 2018 |access-date=14 January 2019 |archive-date=15 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115075831/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padmaavat-release-banned-malaysia-padmavat-padmavati-5044045/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Padmaavat'' premiered on television on 30 September 2018 on the Hindi general entertainment channels (GEC) Colors, Colors HD, and the Hindi movie channel Rishtey Cineplex.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.televisionpost.com/viacom18-eyes-big-bucks-from-padmaavat-tv-premiere/ |title=Viacom18 eyes big bucks from 'Padmaavat' TV premiere |date=19 September 2018 |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930154812/https://www.televisionpost.com/viacom18-eyes-big-bucks-from-padmaavat-tv-premiere/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film was dubbed and released in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Kannada]] languages under the same title.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.moviecrow.com/movie/3629/padmaavat/story|title= Padmaavat Tamil Movie|website= MovieCrow|access-date= 25 March 2022|archive-date= 25 March 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220325163008/https://www.moviecrow.com/movie/3629/padmaavat/story|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiaglitz.com/-review-telugu-movie-22168|title= Padmavat - Telugu Movie Reviews - IndiaGlitz|access-date= 25 March 2022|archive-date= 25 March 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220325163020/https://www.indiaglitz.com/-review-telugu-movie-22168|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/padmaavat-review-kannada-movie-22201|title=Padmaavat Review - Kannada - IndiaGlitz|access-date=26 June 2022|archive-date=24 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824172035/https://www.indiaglitz.com/padmaavat-review-kannada-movie-22201|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=55|count=29|average=6|consensus=|ref=yes |access-date=July 24, 2022}}. {{MC film|63|6|ref=yes|access-date=July 4, 2024}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/padmaavat/ |title=''Padmaavat'' Reviews |work=[[Metacritic]] |accessdate=July 4, 2024}}</ref>

==== India ====
''Padmaavat'' opened to mixed-to-positive critical reviews upon release.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmaavat-release-fresh-out-of-theatres-viewers-wonder-what-the-fuss-was-all-about/story-hAJyhkAQGY0WVRj1ECI5eO.html |title=Padmaavat: What's the fuss about? Viewers wonder after watching Bhansali's film |date=25 January 2018 |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=25 January 2018 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125123341/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmaavat-release-fresh-out-of-theatres-viewers-wonder-what-the-fuss-was-all-about/story-hAJyhkAQGY0WVRj1ECI5eO.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/250118/padmaavat-arrives-on-d-day.html |title=Padmaavat D-Day: Uncertainty over box office performance amid protests, mixed reviews |date=25 January 2018 |website=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=25 January 2018 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125200140/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/250118/padmaavat-arrives-on-d-day.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://gulfnews.com/going-out/movie-reviews/padmaavat-review-masterpiece-or-master-of-none-1.2162158 |title='Padmaavat' review: Masterpiece or master of none? |website=Gulf News |date=24 January 2018 |access-date=14 January 2019 |archive-date=15 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115181928/https://gulfnews.com/going-out/movie-reviews/padmaavat-review-masterpiece-or-master-of-none-1.2162158 |url-status=live }}</ref> Critics praised the visuals, screenplay, cinematography, and the performance of Singh, but criticized its execution, running time and the "unwanted" 3D conversion.<ref name=":9">{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2018/01/24/for-these-rajput-women-padmavati-is-now-a-curse_a_23342945/ |title=Padmavati Was Never A Role Model For These Rajput Women, And Now She's A Curse |author=Betwa Sharma |date=25 January 2017 |work=[[HuffPost]] India |access-date=25 January 2017 |archive-date=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125073912/https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2018/01/24/for-these-rajput-women-padmavati-is-now-a-curse_a_23342945/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following its controversies, the makers held a pre-screening of ''Padmaavat'' in November 2017 for some journalists, including [[Arnab Goswami]] and [[Rajat Sharma]], who praised the film and described it as "the greatest tribute to Rajput pride."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hooli |first1=Shekhar H |title=Padmavati movie review: Arnab Goswami, Rajat Sharma say it's the greatest tribute to Rajput pride [VIDEOS] |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/padmavati-movie-review-arnab-goswami-rajat-sharma-say-its-greatest-tribute-rajput-pride-750189 |access-date=21 November 2017 |work=International Business Times, India Edition |date=21 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123090630/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/padmavati-movie-review-arnab-goswami-rajat-sharma-say-its-greatest-tribute-rajput-pride-750189 |archive-date=23 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Padmavati review: 'No dream sequence between Deepika Padukone, Ranveer Singh; no distortion of history' |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/padmavati-review-no-dream-sequence-between-deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh-no-distortion-of-history/938165/ |access-date=21 November 2017 |work=The Financial Express |date=18 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118222141/http://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/padmavati-review-no-dream-sequence-between-deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh-no-distortion-of-history/938165/ |archive-date=18 November 2017}}</ref> Rajat Sharma particularly praised Singh's performance as Khilji.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aaj Ki Baat with Rajat Sharma {{!}} 17 November 2017|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=3&v=h5XEfrEYcl0|access-date=21 November 2017|date=17 November 2017|via=YouTube|archive-date=7 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807183259/https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=3&v=h5XEfrEYcl0|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Taran Adarsh]] of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave 4.5 stars and said, "On the whole, ''Padmaavat'' is a remarkable motion picture experience that's backed by proficient direction, spellbinding screenwriting and superlative acting. For Bhansali, it's the best title on an impressive filmography."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/padmaavat/critic-review/padmaavat-movie-review/ |title=Padmaavat Review |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=24 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524141333/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/padmaavat/critic-review/padmaavat-movie-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Neil Soans of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 4 stars and said, "The director's expertise in heightening opulence and grandeur is well-known, further distinguishable in 3D. Cinematographer Sudeep Chatterjee compliments him by beautifully capturing some jaw-dropping scenery."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/padmaavat/movie-review/62622503.cms |title=Padmaavat Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India |work=The Times of India |access-date=23 January 2018 |archive-date=24 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124113233/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/padmaavat/movie-review/62622503.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Rachit Gupta of ''[[Filmfare]]'' gave 3.5 stars and said, "the real wonder of ''Padmaavat'' comes from its production and presentation. This film has phenomenal production design, costumes and camera work. The technical finesse on display is just mind boggling."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/padmaavat-movie-review-pure-opulence-26228.html |title=Movie Review: Padmaavat |work=Filmfare |access-date=23 January 2018 |archive-date=24 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124070942/https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/padmaavat-movie-review-pure-opulence-26228.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] of ''[[News18]]'' gave 3.5 stars, praising Singh's performance.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.news18.com/news/movies/padmaavat-movie-review-ranveer-singh-delicious-performance-is-its-biggest-strength-1639675.html |title=Padmaavat Review: Ranveer's Delicious Performance Is Its Biggest Strength |website=News18 |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125020734/http://www.news18.com/news/movies/padmaavat-movie-review-ranveer-singh-delicious-performance-is-its-biggest-strength-1639675.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Kunal Guha of ''[[Mumbai Mirror]]'' gave 3.5 stars, but criticised Padukone and Kapoor's performances.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-review/padmaavat-movie-review-sanjay-leela-bhansalis-film-starring-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-shahid-kapoor-is-a-visual-treat/articleshow/62630145.cms |title=Padmaavat Movie Review: Sanjay Leela Bhansali's film starring Ranveer Singh, Deepika Padukone, Shahid Kapoor is a visual treat |work=Mumbai Mirror |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=24 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124083133/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-review/padmaavat-movie-review-sanjay-leela-bhansalis-film-starring-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-shahid-kapoor-is-a-visual-treat/articleshow/62630145.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Giving 3.5 stars, Sushant Mehta of ''[[India Today]]'' panned Padukone and Kapoor's performances, calling them "mediocre", while terming Singh's "unconvincing".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/padmaavat-movie-review-deepika-padukone-shahid-kapoor-ranveer-singh-1152851-2018-01-24 |title=Padmaavat review: Deepika-Shahid mediocrity covered in jewels, Ranveer not convincing |date=24 January 2018 |work=India Today |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=24 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124050456/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/padmaavat-movie-review-deepika-padukone-shahid-kapoor-ranveer-singh-1152851-2018-01-24 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Anupama Chopra]] of ''[[Film Companion]]'' gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and said, "I clinically admired each frame. I applauded the work of cinematographer Sudeep Chatterjee, costume designers Harpreet-Rimple, Maxima Basu, Chandrakant & Ajay, and production designers Subrata Chakraborty and Amit Ray. But I wasn't seduced by the storytelling."<ref>{{cite web |title=Padmaavat Movie Review: A Well-Made Film That Hinges On An Electric Performance |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/bollywood-review/padmaavat-movie-review-anupama-chopra/ |first=Anupama |last=Chopra |publisher=Film Companion |date=24 January 2018 |access-date=5 August 2020 |archive-date=9 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809093904/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/bollywood-review/padmaavat-movie-review-anupama-chopra/ |url-status=live }}{{Rating|2.5|5}}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 2.5 stars and said, "''Padmaavat'' is spectacular [to look]: no one can do spectacle like Bhansali. You can easily delight in it while the going is good. But nearly three hours of it, and looping rhetoric around what constitutes Rajput valour can, and does, become tiresome."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/padmavati-movie-review-star-rating-5036330/ |title=Padmaavat movie review: This Deepika Padukone starrer is spectacular |date=23 January 2018 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=23 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123202918/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/padmavati-movie-review-star-rating-5036330/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mayur Sanap of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' criticised the execution and the length and gave 2.5 stars.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/230118/padmaavat-movie-review-a-pretty-looking-drama-thats-gripping-but-not-too-exhilarating.html |title=Padmaavat movie review: It's pretty and partly absorbing but not quite exhilarating |date=23 January 2018 |work=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=23 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123190659/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/230118/padmaavat-movie-review-a-pretty-looking-drama-thats-gripping-but-not-too-exhilarating.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Suparna Sharma, also of ''Deccan Chronicle'' gave 2.5 stars and said, "''Padmaavat'' is offensively chauvinistic, blatantly right-wing, and quite unabashedly anti-Muslim".<ref name="Suparna Sharma">{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Suparna |title=Padmaavat movie review: Bigotry, biases ki beauteous raas-leela |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/280118/padmaavat-movie-review-bigotry-biases-ki-beauteous-raas-leela.html |access-date=28 January 2018 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=28 January 2018 |archive-date=18 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418144804/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/280118/padmaavat-movie-review-bigotry-biases-ki-beauteous-raas-leela.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Raja Sen of ''[[NDTV India]]'' gave 1.5 stars and said, "Bhansali takes an unbearable length of time to spark the flame. Things go on and on and on, with characters it is impossible to care about. They may appear attractive from time to time, certainly, but these protagonists are inconsistent, infuriating and test the patience."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/padmaavat-movie-review-this-boring-film-doesnt-do-justice-to-deepika-padukone-1803904 |title=Padmaavat Movie Review: Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Boring Film Doesn't Do Justice To Deepika Padukone |publisher=NDTV |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=24 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124050404/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/padmaavat-movie-review-this-boring-film-doesnt-do-justice-to-deepika-padukone-1803904 |url-status=live }}</ref>

''[[Rediff.com]]'' also gave 1.5 stars calling it "superficial" and wrote, "Padukone gets an absolute raw deal as the Queen; her performance is submissively overwrought, blandly weighted, and her speeches combined with the leisureliness of the narrative's pacing, can put you in a stupor. Worst of all, you will be driven by the suspicion if Padukone even does enough to deserve the movie's title."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/padmavati-review-rajputana-pride-played-out-on-a-loop/20180125.htm |title=Padmaavat Review: Rajput pride played out on a loop |work=Rediff.com |access-date=26 January 2018 |archive-date=27 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127083803/https://www.rediff.com/amp/movies/review/padmavati-review-rajputana-pride-played-out-on-a-loop/20180125.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Namrata Joshi]] of ''[[The Hindu]]'' gave a negative review noting the film is "a yawn fest" and "an interminable expanse of unadulterated dullness". She also criticised the 3D conversion writing, "The opulence doesn't seem as awe-inspiring, the special effects, especially in some of the battle scenes, are plain tacky and the actors seem like cardboard dolls of themselves in the long shots, acquiring a human visage only in the extreme".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/padmaavat-film-review/article22503940.ece |title='Padmaavat' review: an insipid love letter to Rajputs |author=Namrata Joshi |date=24 January 2017 |access-date=24 January 2018 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=14 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814151924/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/padmaavat-film-review/article22503940.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' criticised the film giving 1 star out of 5 writing "''Padmaavat'' is a perfect example of a Hindi film couching its extreme prejudices in grandiloquence and tacky clichés, with those clichés embedded in resplendent frames."<ref name="Vetticad" />

==== Overseas ====
Mike McCahill of ''[[The Guardian]]'' gave 4 stars and said, "It's not just the extravagance that catches the eye, but the precision with which it is applied. Every twirl of every sari and every arrow in every battle appears to have been guided by the hands of angels. Such excess could have proved deadening, but dynamic deployment of old-school star power keeps almost all its scenes alive with internal tensions."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/jan/25/padmaavat-review-sanjay-leela-bhansali-deepika-padukone-shahid-kapoor |title=Padmaavat review – Indian drama that sparked riots is a fabulous tale of love and plunder |last=McCahill |first=Mike |date=25 January 2018 |website=The Guardian |access-date=25 January 2018 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125130842/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/jan/25/padmaavat-review-sanjay-leela-bhansali-deepika-padukone-shahid-kapoor |url-status=live }}</ref> Shilpa Jamkhandikar published a mixed review in ''[[Reuters]]'', who noted, "But unlike Bhansali's earlier films, where he was able to find emotional depth even in opulent historical romances, this one falls short." However, she praised Singh's performance as Khilji.<ref>[https://uk.reuters.com/article/review-padmavat-deepika-shahid-khilji/movie-review-padmaavat-idUKKBN1FD0N4 Movie Review: Padmaavat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126070645/https://uk.reuters.com/article/review-padmavat-deepika-shahid-khilji/movie-review-padmaavat-idUKKBN1FD0N4 |date=26 January 2018 }}. Reuters.</ref> Manjusha Radhakrishnan of ''Gulf News'' opined that the quality of the work was lower than that in other Bhansali films.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gulfnews.com/going-out/movie-reviews/padmaavat-review-visually-spectacular-but-a-tad-tedious-1.2162688 |title='Padmaavat' review: Visually-spectacular, but a tad tedious |website=Gulf News |date=25 January 2018 |access-date=14 January 2019 |archive-date=15 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115181920/https://gulfnews.com/going-out/movie-reviews/padmaavat-review-visually-spectacular-but-a-tad-tedious-1.2162688 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sadaf Haider of ''[[DAWN Images]]'' said that the film is "a flawed history lesson", however, she praised the film visual, music and most of the act.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1179331 |title=Padmaavat is a flawed history lesson with great visuals |date=26 January 2017 |access-date=26 January 2017 |work=DAWN Images |author=Sadaf Haider |archive-date=26 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126185440/https://images.dawn.com/news/1179331 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rahul Aijaz of ''[[The Express Tribune]]'' rated 4.5 out of 5 stars; he too praised the film and said that it "doesn't set up false expectations and then disappoint" due to "perfect storytelling", and "memorable performances".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1619600/4 |title='Padmaavat' review: A not-so-historical masterpiece |date=27 January 2017 |access-date=4 February 2017 |work=The Express Tribune |author=Rahul Aijaz |archive-date=5 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205133057/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1619600/4/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A Pakistani critic, Haroon Khalid, had disliked the portrayal of Khilji as a stereotypical evil Muslim king and Ratan Singh as the righteous Hindu king.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://scroll.in/article/867116/view-from-pakistan-padmaavat-puts-together-every-stereotype-of-muslims-in-india |title=View from Pakistan: 'Padmaavat' puts together every stereotype of Muslims in India |last=Khalid |first=Haroon |work=Scroll.in |access-date=3 February 2018 |archive-date=31 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231135633/https://scroll.in/article/867116/view-from-pakistan-padmaavat-puts-together-every-stereotype-of-muslims-in-india |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Box office ===
Due to the numerous controversies associated with ''Padmaavat'' prior to its release which resulted in banning the film in certain states, the film's commercial performance was highly unpredictable.<ref name="D1">{{cite web |author=Smrity Sharma |date=26 January 2018 |title=Padmaavat Box Office Report Day 1: Deepika Padukone's Film Has Already Beaten Aamir Khan's Dangal And Prabhas' Baahubali 2! Here's How |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/padmaavat-box-office-report-day-1-deepika-padukones-film-has-already-beaten-aamir-khans-dangal-and-prabhas-baahubali-2-heres-how-2863599/ |access-date=26 January 2018 |archive-date=26 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126112459/http://www.india.com/showbiz/padmaavat-box-office-report-day-1-deepika-padukones-film-has-already-beaten-aamir-khans-dangal-and-prabhas-baahubali-2-heres-how-2863599/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was released in only 70% of places in India.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 January 2018 |title=Padmaavat sets the cash registers ringing at the box-office |url=https://m.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/padmaavat-sets-the-cash-registers-ringing-at-the-box-office-26314.amp |access-date=29 January 2018 |website=Filmfare |archive-date=29 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429222250/https://m.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/padmaavat-sets-the-cash-registers-ringing-at-the-box-office-26314.amp |url-status=live }}</ref> However, despite limited screenings, the film earned an estimated {{INRConvert|5|c|lk=c|year=2018|mode=historical}} in Wednesday paid previews.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 January 2018 |title=Padmaavat box office collection Day 1: 50–60 percent occupancy in cinema halls for Sanjay Leela Bhansali's period drama |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/padmaavat-box-office-collection-day-1-sanjay-leela-bhansali-film-5038965/lite/ |access-date=25 January 2018 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125140654/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/padmaavat-box-office-collection-day-1-sanjay-leela-bhansali-film-5038965/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The following day, the film opened nationwide across 4,800 screens of which over 500 screens were shown in Tamil and Telugu.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 January 2018 |title=Padmaavat box office collection day 1: Deepika Padukone starrer clocks healthy occupancy rate, may earn this big amount |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/padmavati-box-office-collection-day-1-deepika-padukone-starrer-clocks-healthy-occupancy-rate-may-earn-this-big-amount/1030061/lite/ |access-date=25 January 2018 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125143209/http://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/padmavati-box-office-collection-day-1-deepika-padukone-starrer-clocks-healthy-occupancy-rate-may-earn-this-big-amount/1030061/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 January 2018 |title=Padmaavat day 1 box office collection: Deepika Padukone's film gets superb opening in AP/T and TN |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/padmaavat-1st-day-box-office-collection-deepika-padukone-film-starts-bang-ap-t-chennai-758208 |access-date=25 January 2018 |website=[[International Business Times]] |archive-date=26 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126082611/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/padmaavat-1st-day-box-office-collection-deepika-padukone-film-starts-bang-ap-t-chennai-758208 |url-status=live }}</ref> It earned an estimated {{INRConvert|19|c|year=2018|mode=historical}} nett on its opening day in India, excluding previews, which was considered impressive despite its ban in numerous big states and marked a career-best opening for Kapoor, Singh and Bhansali, and fourth biggest for Padukone (behind ''[[Happy New Year (2014 film)|Happy New Year]]'', ''[[Chennai Express]]'' and ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'').<ref>{{cite web |author=Bollywood Hungama News |date=26 January 2018 |title=Box Office: Padmaavat becomes Deepika Padukone's 4th Highest opening day grosser |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-padmaavat-becomes-deepika-padukones-4th-highest-opening-day-grosser/ |access-date=26 January 2018 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-date=26 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126195144/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-padmaavat-becomes-deepika-padukones-4th-highest-opening-day-grosser/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=26 January 2018 |title=Box Office: Worldwide collections and day wise break up of Padmaavat – Bollywood Hungama |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-break-padmaavat/ |access-date=26 January 2018 |archive-date=17 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817004912/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-break-padmaavat/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Taran Adarsh |author-link=Taran Adarsh |title=Despite non-screening in few states and protests/disturbances, #Padmaavat fares VERY WELL on Day 1... Had it been a peaceful/smooth all-India release, the biz would've touched ₹ 28 / ₹ 30 cr... Wed [limited preview screenings] 5 cr, Thu 19 cr. Total: ₹ 24 cr. India biz. |url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/956891990590767106 |access-date=26 January 2018 |work=[[Twitter]] |archive-date=27 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127130601/https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/956891990590767106 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=July 2019}}<ref>{{cite web |author=Joginder Tuteja |date=26 January 2018 |title=Box Office – Padmaavat Marks Biggest Opening Ever For Ranveer Singh, Sanjay Leela Bhansali & Shahid Kapoor |url=https://www.koimoi.com/box-office/box-office-padmaavat-marks-biggest-opening-ever-for-ranveer-singh-sanjay-leela-bhansali-and-shahid-kapoor/ |access-date=26 January 2018 |website=Koimoi.com |archive-date=27 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127083930/http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/box-office-padmaavat-marks-biggest-opening-ever-for-ranveer-singh-sanjay-leela-bhansali-and-shahid-kapoor/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On Friday, the film added another {{INRConvert|32|c|year=2018|mode=historical}}, owing to national holiday on [[Republic Day in India|Republic Day]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Joginder Tuteja |date=27 January 2018 |title=Box Office – Padmaavat Jumps Huge on Friday, It Is Now Time To Stabilize on Saturday & Sunday |url=http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/box-office-padmaavat-jumps-huge-friday-now-time-stabilize-saturday-sunday/ |access-date=27 January 2018 |website=Koimoi.com |archive-date=27 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127083126/http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/box-office-padmaavat-jumps-huge-friday-now-time-stabilize-saturday-sunday/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This was followed by a gradual fall on Saturday taking in another {{INRConvert|27|c|year=2018|mode=historical}}.<ref>{{cite web |author=Joginder Tuteja |date=28 January 2018 |title=Box Office – Padmaavat Scores Well on Saturday Too, All Set for a Hefty Weekend |url=http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/box-office-padmaavat-scores-well-saturday-set-hefty-weekend/ |access-date=28 January 2018 |website=Koimoi.com |archive-date=28 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128100052/http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/box-office-padmaavat-scores-well-saturday-set-hefty-weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Taran Adarsh tweet |url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/957554001398001664 |access-date=28 January 2018 |work=Twitter |archive-date=15 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915093549/https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/957554001398001664 |url-status=live }}</ref> Through Sunday, the film delivered an opening weekend of {{INRConvert|114|c|year=2018|mode=historical}} and became the fourteenth film to enter the [[100 crore club]] in just under 4 days.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 January 2018 |title=Padmaavat Enters The 100 Crore Club in Just 4 Days! |url=https://www.koimoi.com/box-office/padmaavat-enters-the-100-crore-club-in-just-4-days/ |access-date=29 January 2018 |website=Koimoi.com |archive-date=30 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430045843/http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/padmaavat-enters-the-100-crore-club-in-just-4-days/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Taran Adarsh |title=Protests... Disturbances... No screening in few states... Yet, #Padmaavat does EXCELLENT biz in its extended weekend... The film lost out on substantial biz [approx ₹ 35 cr / ₹ 37 cr], but the SUPERB trending in other circuits helped put up a MAJESTIC total... |url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/957912887716036608 |access-date=29 January 2018 |website=Taran Adarsh}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=July 2019}} Furthermore, it broke the record for the biggest IMAX opening in India with US$461,000 from 12 screens.<ref name="deadline">{{cite web |author=Nancy Tartaglione |date=28 January 2018 |title='Maze Runner: The Death Cure' Finds $63M Overseas; 'Jumanji' Drums Up $822M WW – International Box Office |url=https://deadline.com/2018/01/maze-runner-death-cure-jumanji-padmaavat-weekend-international-box-office-1202271843/ |access-date=29 January 2018 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |archive-date=28 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128222730/http://deadline.com/2018/01/maze-runner-death-cure-jumanji-padmaavat-weekend-international-box-office-1202271843/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, due to its limited screenings, the film nevertheless lost over {{INRConvert|35|c|year=2018|mode=historical}} in box office receipts during its opening weekend.<ref>{{cite web |author=Taran Adarsh |title=Protests... Disturbances... No screening in few states... Yet, #Padmaavat does EXCELLENT biz in its extended weekend... The film lost out on substantial biz [approx ₹ 35 cr / ₹ 37 cr], but the SUPERB trending in other circuits helped put up a MAJESTIC total... |url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/957912887716036608 |access-date=29 January 2018 |website=Twitter}}</ref>

Outside India, the film broke all-time opening day records in Australia (A$367,984), surpassing the likes of ''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]'' and the dubbed-Hindi version of ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]''.<ref name="D1" /><ref>{{cite web |date=26 January 2018 |title=Padmaavat beats Baahubali 2: The Conclusion at the box office; takes a record opening in Australia |url=http://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/box-office/article/padmaavat-beats-baahubali-2-the-conclusion-at-the-box-office-takes-a-record-opening-in-australia/192625 |access-date=30 January 2018 |work=Times Now |archive-date=30 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130204757/http://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/box-office/article/padmaavat-beats-baahubali-2-the-conclusion-at-the-box-office-takes-a-record-opening-in-australia/192625 |url-status=live }}</ref> One of the reason behind the film's successful run in the country was because Paramount (the overseas distributing company) was able to secure release in all three major theatre chains ([[Hoyts]], [[Event Cinemas]] and [[Village Cinemas]]) unlike other Bollywood films which have to choose between the two latter.<ref>{{cite web |author=Taran Adarsh |author-link=Taran Adarsh |title=Taran Adarsh Tweet |url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/957132967192621056 |access-date=27 January 2018 |website=[[Twitter]] |archive-date=15 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915093506/https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/957132967192621056 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the United States and Canada, the film grossed $1.13 million on its opening day. This was followed by the biggest ever single-day for a Hindi film with $1.8 million on Saturday, breaking the previous record held by ''[[PK (film)|PK]]'' ($1.41 million).<ref>{{cite web |title=Taran Adarsh tweet |url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/957629954723753989 |access-date=28 January 2018 |work=Twitter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Taran Adarsh |url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/957629954723753989 |access-date=28 January 2018 |work=Twitter}}</ref> Although ''Baahubali 2: The Conclusion'' still holds the record for all Indian films, that is inclusive of three different languages.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 January 2018 |title=Padmaavat Sets All Time Record in USA And Canada |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3622 |access-date=28 January 2018 |website=[[Box Office India]] |archive-date=28 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128190643/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3622 |url-status=live }}</ref> It went on to set a new opening weekend record for a Hindi film with $4.2 million, and witnessed the second best per-theatre-average inside the top 10 with $13,188 from 324 theatres.<ref name="deadline" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Bollywood film, PADMAAVAT, had the highest PTA in the Top 10 as it debuted with $4.2M in 324 theaters--$13,188 per |url=https://twitter.com/ercboxoffice/status/957650845029490689 |access-date=28 January 2018 |work=Twitter |archive-date=15 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915093504/https://twitter.com/ercboxoffice/status/957650845029490689 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 6 February 2018, the film has crossed {{INRConvert|4|b}} worldwide, making it one of the top 10 [[List of highest-grossing Bollywood films|highest-grossing Bollywood films]] of all time.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 February 2018 |title=Top Worldwide Grossers Alltime – Padmaavat Hits 400 Crore |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3656 |website=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=6 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206130419/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3656 |url-status=live }}</ref> Its domestic [[net income]] was {{INRConvert|2.75|b}} in the fourth weekend of its run.<ref name="fourthend" /> The film has grossed {{INRConvert|5.85|b}} worldwide.<ref name="gross">{{cite news |date=16 March 2018 |title='Padmaavat' a very special film for Deepika, Ranveer and Shahid-Here's why |work=[[Zee News]] |url=http://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/padmaavat-a-very-special-film-for-deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh-and-shahid-kapoor-heres-why-2090256.html |access-date=18 March 2018 |archive-date=25 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725203723/http://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/padmaavat-a-very-special-film-for-deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh-and-shahid-kapoor-heres-why-2090256.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Historical inaccuracies ==
In the film, the Delhi Sultanate's flag is shown in black colour with a white crescent moon. The Sultanate actually had a green flag with a black band running vertically on the left.<ref name="Manimugdha">{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Manimugdha S |date=4 February 2018 |title=Padmaavat: A khichdi of the worst of Right-wing prejudices served with achaar and chutney |work=[[The Times of India]] Blog |url=https://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/parthian-shot/padmaavat-a-khichdi-of-the-worst-of-right-wing-prejudices-served-with-achaar-and-chutney/ |access-date=13 February 2018 |archive-date=2 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602163746/https://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/parthian-shot/padmaavat-a-khichdi-of-the-worst-of-right-wing-prejudices-served-with-achaar-and-chutney/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Most historians believe little evidence exists for Padmavati in real life.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42048512 |url-status=live |title=Padmaavat: Why a Bollywood epic has sparked fierce protests |date=25 January 2018 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=20 September 2022 |quote=While Khilji is a historical figure, most historians believe there is very little evidence Padmavati existed in real life. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126060642/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42048512 |archive-date=26 January 2018}}</ref> And, in the original ''Padmavat'' poem written by Malik Muhammad Jayasi, Khilji never had a direct confrontation with Raja Ratansen.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/tanhaji-panipat-ajay-devgn-saif-ali-khan-marathas-hindutva-muslims-hindus#read-more |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919222522/https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/tanhaji-panipat-ajay-devgn-saif-ali-khan-marathas-hindutva-muslims-hindus |url-status=live |title=Hail the Hindu Male! How Bollywood Is Selling Hindutva as History |last=MENON |first=ADITYA |date=21 November 2019 |publisher=The Quint |archive-date=19 September 2022 |access-date=20 September 2022 |quote=And, in the original Padmavat written by Malik Muhammad Jayasi, Khilji never had direct confrontation with Raja Ratansen, leave alone killing him by deceit as has been shown in the film.}}</ref>

It was shown in the film that, Malik Kafur was gifted as a slave to Alauddin Khalji, while he was actually captured by Alauddin's army general [[Nusrat Khan Jalesari]], during the 1299 invasion of Gujarat,{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=86}} and converted to Islam{{sfn|Wendy Doniger|2009|p=420}}

=== Portrayal of Jalaluddin and Alauddin Khilji ===
Before their ascension to the throne, Jalaluddin and Alauddin Khilji were known as [[Malik Firuz]] and [[Ali Gurshasp]], respectively.<ref name="Manimugdha" /><ref name="David">{{cite news |last1=David |first1=Shantanu |date=25 January 2018 |title=Watch Padmaavat, But Don't Expect To See the 'Real' Alauddin Khilji in It |work=News18 |url=http://www.news18.com/news/opinion/opinion-watch-padmaavat-but-dont-expect-to-see-the-real-alauddin-khilji-in-it-1641449.html |access-date=26 January 2018 |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410022331/https://www.news18.com/news/opinion/opinion-watch-padmaavat-but-dont-expect-to-see-the-real-alauddin-khilji-in-it-1641449.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Jalaluddin Khilji is portrayed as an arrogant, cunning and cruel man, though he was actually popular for being a mild-mannered, humble, and pious ruler.<ref name="Manimugdha" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mehta |first1=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUk5k5AN54sC&q=jalaluddin+humble |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India |date=1980 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-0617-0 |page=128 |language=en |access-date=7 November 2020 |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824172536/https://books.google.com/books?id=iUk5k5AN54sC&q=jalaluddin+humble |url-status=live }}</ref> Jalaluddin ascended the throne of Delhi in 1290 only to end the chaos that ensued after the death of Sultan [[Ghiyas ud din Balban]].<ref name="Safvi2">{{cite news |last1=Safvi |first1=Rana |date=4 February 2018 |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Padmaavat: More fiction than history |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/padmaavat-padmavati-bhansali-5049950/ |access-date=4 February 2018 |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410094638/https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/padmaavat-padmavati-bhansali-5049950/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He was not ambitious by nature and did not lead an attack on the [[Delhi Sultanate]] from [[Ghazni]], [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="Safvi1">{{cite news |date=25 January 2018 |title="Padmaavat" Twists Alauddin Khilji's Portrayal, Say Some Historians |work=NDTV.com |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/whose-history-is-it-anyway-padmaavat-taints-khilji-1804697 |access-date=26 January 2018 |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410053546/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/whose-history-is-it-anyway-padmaavat-taints-khilji-1804697 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The portrayal of Alauddin Khilji in the film has been criticised by historians and critics for its historical and geographical inaccuracies and not staying faithful to the epic ''[[Padmavat]]''.<ref name="Vetticad" /><ref name="Safvi2" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Saibal |date=26 January 2018 |title="Padmaavat" Movie Review: Despite Deepika Padukone's Inspired Performance, Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Film Is A Slog |work=NDTV.com |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/padmaavat-movie-review-deepika-padukone-is-to-die-for-in-sanjay-leela-bhansalis-tepid-film-1804438 |access-date=28 January 2018 |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410003850/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/padmaavat-movie-review-deepika-padukone-is-to-die-for-in-sanjay-leela-bhansalis-tepid-film-1804438 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Hemanth |date=26 January 2018 |title='Padmaavat': Should you watch a soul-less film because of the controversy around it? |work=The News Minute |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/padmaavat-should-you-watch-soul-less-film-because-controversy-around-it-75413 |access-date=28 January 2018 |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410022140/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/padmaavat-should-you-watch-soul-less-film-because-controversy-around-it-75413 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="JavidIqbal">{{cite news |last1=Iqbal |first1=Dr. Javid |date=16 February 2018 |title=Padmaavat: an exercise in Islamophobia |work=Greater Kashmir |url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/opinion/padmaavat-an-exercise-in-islamophobia/275966.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218074203/https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/opinion/padmaavat-an-exercise-in-islamophobia/275966.html |archive-date=18 February 2018 |access-date=18 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="Manimugdha" /> The film shows an unsuccessful assassination plot by Alauddin's nephew, one which seriously injures the Sultan, but none of this actually happened.<ref name="David" /> Historian Rana Safvi wrote that Khilji was sophisticated, not barbarian as portrayed in the film.<ref name="Safvi1" /><ref name="History">{{cite news |date=25 January 2018 |title=Whose history is it anyway: Padmaavat taints Alauddin Khilji, not Padmavati |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/whose-history-is-it-anyway-padmaavat-taints-alauddin-khilji-not-padmavati/story-MvpB4OREqm4auO0nVHKt5K.html |access-date=26 January 2018 |archive-date=23 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423222940/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/whose-history-is-it-anyway-padmaavat-taints-alauddin-khilji-not-padmavati/story-MvpB4OREqm4auO0nVHKt5K.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Historian Mohammed Safiullah also criticised Khilji's portrayal and the implicit depiction of a [[homosexual relationship]] between Khilji and his slave-general [[Malik Kafur]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharjeel |date=1 February 2018 |title=Historian in Hyderabad has coins issued by Alauddin Khilji |work=Telangana Today |url=https://telanganatoday.com/historian-hyderabad-coins-issued-alauddin-khilji |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195611/https://telanganatoday.com/historian-hyderabad-coins-issued-alauddin-khilji |archive-date=13 February 2018 |access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref> Historian Archana Ojha of [[Delhi University]] criticised Alauddin Khilji's look and clothing in the film.<ref name="Ojha">{{cite news |author1=Niharika Lal |author2=Divya Kaushik |date=4 February 2018 |title=Who was Dilli's Khilji? |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/who-was-dillis-khilji/articleshow/62778192.cms |access-date=4 February 2018 |archive-date=15 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415082015/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/who-was-dillis-khilji/articleshow/62778192.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{{Main|List of accolades received by Padmaavat}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Bollywood}}
* [[List of highest-grossing Indian films]]
* [[List of historical films set in Asia]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|tt5935704|Padmaavat}}
* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/padmaavat/ ''Padmaavat''] at [[Bollywood Hungama]]
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|padmaavat}}
* {{Mojo title|padmaavat}}
{{Sanjay Leela Bhansali}}
{{Viacom18 Studios}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2018 3D films]]
[[Category:Indian 3D films]]
[[Category:2018 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2018 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian epic films]]
[[Category:Historical epic films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]
[[Category:Films set in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Films set in ancient India]]
[[Category:Films set in the 13th century]]
[[Category:Films set in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Films shot in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Films about royalty]]
[[Category:Viacom18 Studios films]]
[[Category:Paramount Pictures films]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Rani Padmini]]
[[Category:Films set in Rajput kingdoms]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Choreography National Film Award–winning choreography]]
[[Category:Films based on poems]]
[[Category:Indian IMAX films]]
[[Category:2018 drama films]]
[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:Historical action films]]
[[Category:Film censorship in India]]
[[Category:Censored films]]
[[Category:Art works that caused riots]]
[[Category:Film censorship in Malaysia]]

Cylindrolobus gloensis

2026-03-11T06:54:52Z

Prabhash Sharma: put up a entry...

{{Short description|Species of orchid}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| status = CR
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn"/>
| genus = Cylindrolobus
| species = gloensis
| authority = (Ormerod & Agrawala) Schuit., Y.P.Ng & H.A.Pedersen
}}

'''''Cylindrolobus gloensis''''' is a [[critically endangered]] species of orchid found only in [[Arunachal Pradesh]] in [[India]].<ref name="iucn">{{Cite report |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/184546847/186805249 |title=Cylindrolobus gloensis: Nyorak, J. & Riniya, K.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T184546847A186805249 |last=IUCN |date=2021-12-02 |publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature |doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t184546847a186805249.en |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=D. K. Agrawala |last2=Paul Ormerod |date=2014-01-01 |title=A New Species of ＂Eria＂ (Orchidaceae) from India under the Section ＂Cylindrolobus＂ |url=https://taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/pdf/tai.2014.59.206.pdf |journal=Taiwania |language=en |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=206–209 |doi=10.6165/tai.2014.59.206}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cylindrolobus gloensis (Ormerod & Agrawala) Schuit., Y.P.Ng & H.A.Pedersen {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77179099-1 |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref>

== Description ==
This species is an epiphyte found growing on barks and branches of trees. The stem is 24 cm long with 4 leaves and 0.25 cm thick at the base. The leaves are [[Ligule|lingulate]]-[[lanceolate]] and 10-12 cm long. The flowers are cream colored with soft short erect hairs.

This orchid can be differentiated from the similar looking ''[[Cylindrolobus arunachalensis]]'' by the single bicarinate callus on the labellum instead of two and two groups of hairs on [[Labellum (botany)|epichile]].<ref name=":0" />

== Distribution ==
This species of orchid was known only from a community forest in Kamlang Valley in [[Mishmi Hills]] of Arunachal Pradesh. The estimated known are of occupancy is 4 km2. As of 2021, there were no records beside the type locality of this species.<ref name="iucn" />

== Ecology ==
This orchid was found growing on trees inside a forest at 1220 meters elevation. The flowering season is March.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyorak |first=Jumter |date=2023-04-30 |title=Orchid flora of Arunachal Pradesh (India) – A compilation |url=https://pleione.ehsst.org/journals/Pleione171/005%20Jumter%20Nyorak%20_%20Orchids%20of%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%20India.pdf |journal=Pleione |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=050–081 |doi=10.26679/Pleione.17.1.2023.050-081}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
This species is named of the locality Glo in Kamlang valley from where it was collected.<ref name=":0" />

== Taxonomy ==
D. K. Agrawala who described this species found an unidentified orchid specimen from India in Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium in [[Harvard University]]. It was originally collected by British botanist [[Frank Kingdon-Ward]] in 1949 from Mishmi hills. He along with Paul Ormerod described this new species as ''Eria gloensis''. Further studies in 2017 resulted in moving this species to the genus ''Cylindrolobus.''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ng |first1=Yan Peng |last2=Schuiteman |first2=AndrÉ |last3=Pedersen |first3=Henrik Æ |last4=Petersen |first4=Gitte |last5=Watthana |first5=Santi |last6=Seberg |first6=Ole |last7=Pridgeon |first7=Alec M |last8=Cribb |first8=Phillip J |last9=Chase |first9=Mark W |date=2018-01-25 |title=Phylogenetics and systematics of Eria and related genera (Orchidaceae: Podochileae) |url=http://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/186/2/179/4825219 |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |language=en |volume=186 |issue=2 |pages=179–201 |doi=10.1093/botlinnean/box088 |issn=0024-4074|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Conservation and threats ==
This species is protected under [[CITES]], hence collecting and trading of this species is banned in India. There is no information on population trend of this species. The community forest where the species was discovered is threatened by shifting agriculture practices.<ref name="iucn" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q89103778}}

[[Category:Cylindrolobus|gloensis]]
[[Category:Flora of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of East Himalaya]]
[[Category:Endemic orchids of India]]
[[Category:Critically endangered flora of Asia]]
[[Category:Plants described in 2018]]

Banglar Badhu

2026-03-07T06:14:23Z

Prabhash Sharma: basic add section as per guidelines further and updated info

{{short description|1998 film}}
{{For|the 1993 Bangladeshi film|Banglar Bodhu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Banglar Badhu
|image =
|caption =
|director = [[Anup Sengupta]]
|producer =
|starring = {{ubl|[[Tapas Paul]]|[[Rozina (Bangladeshi actress)|Rozina]]|[[Nayna Bandyopadhyay]]|[[Abhishek Chatterjee]]|[[Biplab Chatterjee]]|[[Sabitri Chatterjee]]|[[Subhendu Chatterjee]]|[[Gita Dey]]|[[Lokesh Ghosh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/banglar-badhu-movie-cast-crew/15024|title=Banglar Badhu (1998) Cast and Crew|work=gomolo.com|accessdate=2015-08-31|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924045101/http://www.gomolo.com/banglar-badhu-movie-cast-crew/15024|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
|music = [[Anupam Dutta]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://play.raaga.com/bengali/album/Banglar-Badhu-songs-b0000315|title=Banglar Badhu album songs|work=raaga.com|accessdate=2015-08-31}}</ref>
|studio = Sri Baidyanath Films
|released = {{Film date|1998|||df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmlinks4u.to/2012/03/banglar-badhu-1998-bengali-movie-watch-online.html|title=Banglar Badhu (1998)–Bengali Movie Watch Online|work=filmlinks4u.net|accessdate=2015-08-31}}</ref>
|runtime =
|country = [[India]]
|language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|budget =
|gross =
}}

'''''Banglar Badhu''''' ({{translation}} bride of Bengal) is a 1998 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Drama Film|drama film]] directed by [[Anup Sengupta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.induna.com/1000011718-productdetails/?oI6Sbg==|title=BBanglar Badhu details|work=induna.com|accessdate=2015-08-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vidooly.com/video/q3FK3iAAZeU|title=Banglar Badhu (1998)–Bengali Movie|work=vidooly.com|accessdate=2015-08-31}}</ref> The plot revolves around Raja Chowdhury, a wealthy landlord and his beautiful wife Mala who are subject to a vicious intrigue by his brother-in-law Gokul. It stars [[Tapas Paul]], [[Rozina (Bangladeshi actress)|Rozina]], [[Nayna Bandyopadhyay]], [[Sabitri Chatterjee]], [[Subhendu Chatterjee]], [[Abhishek Chatterjee]], [[Biplab Chatterjee]] and [[Gita Dey]]. The music of the film is composed by [[Anupam Dutta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fridaycinemas.net/Bengali/Banglar-Badhu-1998.aspx|title=Watch Banglar Badhu Online|work=fridaycinemas.net|accessdate=2015-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924015553/http://www.fridaycinemas.net/Bengali/Banglar-Badhu-1998.aspx|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Tapas Paul]] as Raja Chowdhury/ Bipin Chowdhury, Raja's father<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gomolo.com/latest-banglar-badhu-movie-news/15024|title=Latest News & Features|work=gomolo.com|accessdate=2015-08-31|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924054954/http://www.gomolo.com/latest-banglar-badhu-movie-news/15024|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Rozina (Bangladeshi actress)|Rozina]] as Mala
* [[Sabitri Chatterjee]] as Sudha Chowdhury, Raja's Mother
* [[Subhendu Chatterjee]] as Jagadish, Mala's father
* [[Abhishek Chatterjee]] as Ratan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banglanatokmovie.com/bangla-movie/694.htm|title=Bengali Movie Banglar Badhu|work=banglanatokmovie.com|accessdate=2015-08-31}}</ref>
* [[Nayna Bandyopadhyay]] as Purnima aka Ratna
* [[Gita Dey]] as Jagadish's mother
*[[Piya Sengupta]] as Sumita, Raja's younger sister
* [[Anamika Saha]] as Piyali, Raja's elder sister
* [[Biplab Chatterjee]] as Gokul Majumdar, Piyali's husband
* [[Lokesh Ghosh]] as Dipak Mitra<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vidinfo.org/video/1407331/banglar-badhu|title=Video Analysis for Banglar Badhu|work=vidinfo.org|accessdate=2015-08-31}}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[Subrata Chatterjee]] as Dipak's mother

==Music==
#"Jole Jole Nibhe Jabe" - [[Shakila Zafar]]
#"O Rongila Bandhure" - [[Sabina Yasmin]], [[Andrew Kishore]], Music by-[[Ahmed Imtiaz Bulbul]], [[Anupam Dutta]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|7158996}}
* [http://www.gomolo.com/banglar-badhu-movie/15024 Banglar Badhu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924045102/http://www.gomolo.com/banglar-badhu-movie/15024 |date=24 September 2015 }} at the Gomolo

{{Anup Sengupta}}

[[Category:1998 films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:1998 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Anup Sengupta]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anupam Dutta]]

{{1990s-Bengali-film-stub}}

Tanaji Malusare

2026-03-05T00:39:36Z

Prabhash Sharma:

{{short description|Army leader in Shivaji's Army}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Tanaji Kaloji Malusare
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Tanaji Malusare.jpg
| caption = Bronze bust of Subhedar Tanaji Malusare at [[Sinhagad]]
| death_date = 4 February 1670
| birth_place = Godavli, Mahabaleshwar taluka, [[Satara district|Satara]], Maharashtra{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=March 2022}}
| death_place = [[Sinhagad, Maharashtra]], India
| birth_name =
| allegiance = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]] [[Maratha Empire]]
| branch = [[Maratha Army]]
| serviceyears = {{circa|1646–1670}}
| rank = [[Subedar]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |title=History of Architectures and Ancient Building Materials in India |publisher=Tech Books International |year=2003 |isbn=9788188305032 |publication-date=2003 |pages=167 |language=English}}</ref>
| known_for = *[[Battle of Sinhagad]]
| battles = Capture of Torna fort<ref> {{Cite journal |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |date=1920 |title=Shivaji and his times |url=https://archive.org/details/shivajihistimes00sarkrich |journal=Shivaji and His Times |pages=32}}</ref> [[Battle of Pratapgarh]] Battle of Jawali<ref name="mehendale 2011">{{Cite book |last=Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale |url=http://archive.org/details/shivaji-his-life-and-times-1nbsped-9380875177_compress |title=Shivaji His Life and Times |date=2011 |pages=425–426}}</ref> [[Battle of Sinhagad]]{{KIA}}
| spouse =
| children =
| relations = Kaloji Malusare (father) Savitri Bai (wife) Raybaji Malusare (son)
}}
'''Tanaji Kaloji Malusare'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2019 |title=Ajay Devgn's Taanaji: The Unsung Warrior will now be called Tanhaji due to numerological reasons |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-will-now-be-called-tanaji-due-to-numerological-reasons-1487495-2019-03-27 |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=9 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009062408/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-will-now-be-called-tanaji-due-to-numerological-reasons-1487495-2019-03-27 |url-status=live }}</ref> or '''Subedar Tanaji Malusare''' was a military commander of the [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha kingdom]] and a companion of Shivaji Maharaj.

local poet Tulsidas,{{efn|not to be confused with [[Tulsidas|Goswami Tulsidas]]}} wrote a [[powada]] describing Subhedar Tanaji's heroics and sacrifice of life in the [[Battle of Sinhagad]], which has since made him a popular figure in Indian folklore.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kantak|first=M. R.|date=1978|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute|volume=38|issue=1/4|pages=51|issn=0045-9801|jstor=42931051|title=The Political Role of Different Hindu Castes and Communities in Maharashtra in the Foundation of Shivaji's Swarajya}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections, An Anthology, Volume One|page=375|editor=K. Ayyappa Paniker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA375|isbn=9788126003655|year=1997 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rao|first=Vasanta Dinanath|date=1939|title=SIDE-LIGHT ON THE MARATHA LIFE FROM THE BARDIC (शाहिरी) LITERATURE OF THE 18th CENTURY|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=3|pages=1194–1212|issn=2249-1937|jstor=44252466}}</ref>{{efn|The text has not been dated conclusively. It is popularly accepted to be written not long after the Battle; however, some scholars have claimed the text to have been written in the eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Raeside|first=Ian|date=July 1978|title=A Note on the 'Twelve Mavals' of Poona District|journal=Modern Asian Studies|language=en|volume=12|issue=3|pages=394|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00006211|s2cid=145438073 |issn=1469-8099}}</ref>}}

== Background ==
According to the historian David Hardiman, [[Koli people|Koli]]s were the early helpers of [[Shivaji]] in a revolt. Tanaji Malusare is one such prominent example whose name is memorizalized due to his act of capturing the fort of Singhad and handing it to Shivaji.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ|title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India|date=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563956-8|pages=221|language=en|quote=When Shivaji began his revolt in the following decade, the Kolis were amongst the first to join him under the leadership of the Sirnayak Khemi and they played a leading role in helping Shivaji to consolidate his power. The Koli Tanaji Malusare, is remembered in Maharashtra to this day for his courage in capturing the almost impregnable fort of Singhad for Shivaji.}}</ref> Tanaji's father's name was Kaloji Malusare.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

==In popular culture==
[[File:Tanaji's famous vow during Kondana campaign “Aadhi lagin kondhanyache mag mazya Raybache”.jpg|thumb|right|An early 20th century depiction by [[M.V. Dhurandhar]] of Tanaji's vow to [[Shivaji]] and [[Jijabai]] in the presence of his son and uncle before the campaign for Kondana fort.]]

* [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]] had written a ballad on him, which was banned by the colonial British government.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzisCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT7755|title=Censorship: A World Encyclopedia|publisher=Routledge|year=2001|editor=Derek Jones|isbn=9781136798634}}</ref>
* ''Gad aala pan sinh gela'' ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]: गड आला पण सिंह गेला) ({{Translation|We won the fort but we lost the lion}}) a Marathi novel by [[Hari Narayan Apte]] was written in 1903, based on his life.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Indian Literature, Volume 1|author=Sisir Kumar Das|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sHklK65TKQ0C&pg=PA532|page=532|isbn=9788172010065}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uV8RAQAAIAAJ|title=Gaḍa ālā, paṇa sīha gelā|last=Apte|first=Hari Narayan|publisher=Ramyakathā Prakāśana|year=1903|location=Pune|language=mr}}</ref>
* In 1922 Bengali poet [[Jatindramohan Bagchi]] wrote a poem named ''Singhagarh'' stating the heroic death of Tanaji Malusare while recapturing the fort''.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=পাতা:জাগরণী - যতীন্দ্রমোহন বাগচী.pdf/১৭ - উইকিসংকলন একটি মুক্ত পাঠাগার |url=https://bn.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80_-_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80.pdf/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AD |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=bn.wikisource.org |language=bn}}</ref>
* ''[[Sinhagad (film)|Sinhagad]]'', a 1933 Marathi film was produced by [[Baburao Painter]], based on the 1903 novel.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1994-IA239|access-date=10 February 2015|year=2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-94325-7|page=239}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofw00geof|url-access=registration|title=The Oxford History of World Cinema|last=Nowell-Smith|first=Geoffrey|date=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-874242-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofw00geof/page/403 403]|language=en|access-date=2020-01-14}}</ref>
* Bengali writer [[Saradindu Bandyopadhyay]] wrote the [[Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay#Sadashib|Sadashib]] series where the younger version of [[Tanaji]] was mentioned as a close associate of Shivaji.
* In 1971 [[Amar Chitra Katha]] released a comic book called Tanaji, written by Meena Talim and illustrated by Vasant B. Halbe.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Talim |first1=Meena |last2=Halbe |first2=Vasant B. |last3=Pai |first3=Anant |title=Tanaji: The Maratha Lion |date=1973 |publisher=Amar Chitra Katha |isbn=978-81-8482-159-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5aIg841Aeu8C |access-date=15 August 2020 |language=en |archive-date=1 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601184129/https://books.google.com/books?id=5aIg841Aeu8C |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Tanaji's character is portrayed by an actor in [[Raja Shivchhatrapati (TV series)|Raja Shivchhatrapati]] serial of [[Star Pravah]].
* In the 2018 [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language epic ''[[Farzand]]'', Tanaji Malusare is portrayed by Ganesh Yadav.
* In the 2019 [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language epic ''[[Fatteshikast]]'', Tanaji Malusare is portrayed by [[Ajay Purkar]].
* Bollywood actor [[Ajay Devgn]] produced and played the role of Tanaji Malusare in [[Tanhaji: The Unsung Warrior|Tanhaji]]. It was based on the Battle of Kondhana, Tanhaji film theatrically released on 10 January 2020. It was a box-office hit.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://moviealles.com/movies/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-movie-wiki-news-cast-crew-release-date/|title=Taanaji The Unsung Warrior movie on Movie Alles|date=2018-06-22|work=Movie Alles|access-date=2018-09-05|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214721/https://moviealles.com/movies/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-movie-wiki-news-cast-crew-release-date/|archive-date=2018-09-05|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In the 2023 [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language epic ''[[Subhedar]]'', Tanaji Malusare is portrayed by Ajay Purkar.

==See also==
{{Portal|History}}
* [[Baji Prabhu Deshpande]]
* [[Murarbaji]]
* [[Bahirji Naik]]
* [[Suryaji Malusare]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category}}
{{Shivaji}}
{{Maratha Empire}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malusare, Tanaji}}
[[Category:1670 deaths]]
[[Category:People from the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Indian warriors]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian people]]

Jog Falls

2026-03-04T21:02:30Z

Prabhash Sharma: minor edit

{{short description|Waterfall in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox waterfall
| name = Jog Falls, Shivamogga
| photo = Jog Falls 05092016.jpg
| photo_caption = Jog Falls
| elevation = {{Convert|488|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| type = Cataract, Segmented
| height = {{Convert|253|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jogfalls Height|url=http://www.jogfalls.in/about.html|website=Jog Falls Official website}}</ref>
| height_longest = {{Convert|254|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| average_width = {{Convert|472|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| number_drops = 4
(Raja (king), Rani (queen), Roarer, Rocket)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jog Falls|url=http://www.jogfalls.in|website=Jogfalls official website}}</ref>
| average_flow = {{cvt|153|m3/s}}
| watercourse = [[Sharavati River]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jogfalls|url=http://www.jogfalls.in/about.html|website=Jog Falls Official website}}</ref>
| nativename = |location=Jog Falls, [[Karnataka]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shivasuriya |first1=Sanath | title=Tourists allowed to visit Jog Falls from June 28 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/tourists-to-be-allowed-to-visit-jog-falls-from-today/article35003903.ece |access-date=9 August 2021 |work=SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT |publisher=The Hindu |date=27 June 2021 |ref=© THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Shivasuriya |first1=Sanath |title=Soak In The Ultimate Bliss In The Lap Of Mother Nature As You Visit Jog Falls In Shimoga |url=https://www.whatshot.in/bangalore/jog-falls-sagar-shimoga-v-157768 |website=whatshot.in |publisher=MANVI |access-date=9 August 2021}}</ref>}}

'''Jog Falls''' (also known as Gerusoppa Falls, Joga Jalapata, Jogada Gundi) is a magnificent segmented waterfall on the [[Sharavati]] river located in [[Karnataka]] state of India, created by the river plunging approximately 253 metres (830 ft) and splitting into four distinct cascades (Raja, Rani, Roarer, Rocket). The water cascade is situated in the [[Sagar, Karnataka|Sagar taluk]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zoom in the borders of Shivamogga and Uttara Kannada near jog falls:WaterFalls entirely belongs to Shivamogga District, Only British bungalow belongs to Uttara Kannada district where waterfalls can be viewed|url=https://stategisportal.nic.in/stategisportal/Home/Map/29}}</ref> of the [[Shivamogga district]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jog Falls |url=https://karnatakatourism.org/en/attractions/jog-falls/}}</ref> It features two primary viewpoints: The first one is the front panoramic viewpoint located in the [[Kargal, Karnataka|Jog-Kargal Town]] of Sagara taluk in the [[Shimoga district|Shivamogga district]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shivasuriya|first=Sanath|date=10 August 2021|title=Jog Falls|url=https://www.karnatakatourism.org/tour-item/jog-falls/|access-date=10 August 2021|website=karnatakatourism.org}}</ref> and the second is the British Bungalow viewpoint, located adjacent to the falls in the [[Siddapur taluk]] of [[Uttara Kannada|Uttara kannada]]. It is a segmented waterfall which depends on rain and season to become a [[Waterfall#Types|plunge waterfall]]. The Jog falls is major attraction for [[Karnataka tourism#Water Falls and Caves|tourists]] and is ranked 36th in the list of free-falling waterfalls, 490th in the world by list of waterfalls by total height, 128th in the list of single-drop waterfalls in the World by the waterfall database.<ref>[https://www.worldwaterfalldatabase.com/waterfall/Jog-Falls-118 Jog Falls World Waterfall Database:] World's Tallest Waterfalls</ref>

==Description==
Jog Falls is created by the [[Sharavati]] river dropping {{cvt|253|m}}, making it the third-highest waterfall in India after the [[Nohkalikai Falls]] with a drop of {{cvt|335|m}} in [[Meghalaya]]<ref name=Madan>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= 179|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> and the [[Dudhsagar Falls]] with a drop of {{cvt|310|m}} in [[Goa]].

Sharavathi, a river which rises at Ambutirtha, next to Nonabur, in the [[Thirthahalli]] [[taluk]], [[Shimoga district]] takes a northwesterly course by Fatte petta, receives the Haridravati on the right below Pattaguppe and the Yenne Hole on the left above Barangi. Then, it bends to the west, precipitates itself down the Jog Falls (aka Gersoppa Falls), and passes the village of Gersoppa (properly Geru-Sappe), which is some {{convert|30|km}} away, discharging into the Arabian Sea at Honnavar in Uttara Kannada.

The Sharavathi, flowing over a very rocky bed about {{convert|250|yard}} wide, reaches a tremendous chasm, {{cvt|290|m }} deep, and the water comes down in four distinct falls, Raja, Rani, Roarer and Rocket.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Shivasuriya|first1=Sanath|date=11 August 2019|title=Jog Falls' viewing gallery stays empty as floods, landslips prevent visitors|work=Veerendra P M|publisher=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/jog-falls-viewing-gallery-stays-empty-for-now/article28978787.ece|access-date=9 August 2021}}</ref> The Raja Fall comes down in one unbroken column sheer to the depth of {{cvt|830|ft|order=flip}}. Halfway down, it is encountered by the Roarer, which precipitates itself into a vast cup and then rushes violently downwards to meet the Raja. The Rocket shoots downwards in a series of jets. The Rani moves quietly over the mountainside in a sheet of foam. The [[Karnataka State Tourism Development Corporation|Tourism Department]] has built steps from the viewpoint at the top, where the waterfall can be seen from across, to the bottom of the hill. There are approximately 1,400 steps made to reach the bottom of the hill.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jog Falls: the jewel of Sharavathi Valley |url=https://jlrexplore.com/gallery/photostories/jog-falls-the-jewel-of-sharavathi-valley |website=JLR Explore |date=15 November 2019 |access-date=28 August 2020}}</ref>

==Significances==
[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2003_-_Colnect_158325_-_Waterfalls_of_India_-_Jog_Falls.jpeg|thumb|upright|2003 Indian stamp of Jog Falls]]

Associated with the waterfall is the nearby [[Linganamakki Dam]] across the [[Sharavati River]].<ref>[http://www.karnatakapower.com/Sharavathi.htm Karnataka Power Corporation Article] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090119135302/http://www.karnatakapower.com/Sharavathi.htm |date=19 January 2009 }}</ref> The water released from the dam adds to the beauty of the waterfalls in the monsoon season.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/video-jog-falls-offers-spectacular-sight-after-release-of-water-from-linganamakki-dam-in-karnataka/article68472676.ece | title=Jog Falls is a spectacular sight after release of water from Linganamakki dam | newspaper=The Hindu | date=August 2024 | last1=Sathish | first1=G. T. }}</ref> The power station has been operational since 1948 and is of 120 MW capacity, one of the largest [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] stations in India at that time and a small source of electric power for Karnataka now. The power station was previously named [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV|Krishna Rajendra]] hydro-electric project, after the King of Mysore at that time. The name was later changed to [[Mahatma Gandhi]] Hydro-electric Project. It was served by The Hirebhaskara dam until 1960. After 1960, due to the ideas of [[Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya]], Linganmakki Dam has been used for power generation.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shivasuriya|first1=Sanath|date=9 August 2021|title=GERUSOPPA HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT|url=http://karnatakapower.com/en/portfolio/gerusoppa-hydro-electric-project/|access-date=9 August 2021|website=Karnataka Power Corporation Limited|publisher=Copyright © 2014. KPCL All Rights Reserved.}}</ref>

== Power ==
The hydro-electric project was conceived by the government of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] in mid-1943. A scheme to generate 64,000 [[horsepower]] at a cost of {{INR}}358 [[lakh]] was designed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jog Falls Hydro-Electric Project|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=D-RYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=h0wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2292%2C96929|website=The Indian Express|access-date=12 April 2017|page=4|date=2 July 1943}}</ref> The Power House on the right bank of the Gerusoppa dam consists of four Francis-type turbines coupled to the generating units of 60 MW each. The units are configured to operate at a design head of 47.5 mtrs. An outdoor switchyard is located between the toe of the dam and the power house. Power from the outdoor yard is evacuated through a 220 KV double circuit transmission line connected to the state grid at Talaguppa.

The capacity was increased subsequently and currently generates 240 MW of power.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shivasuriya|first1=Sanath|date=9 August 2021|title=GERUSOPPA HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT|url=http://karnatakapower.com/en/projects/|access-date=9 August 2021|website=karnatakapower.com|publisher=KPCL}}</ref>

==Transport connectivity==
[[File:Jog Roarer.JPG|thumb|right|Jog Falls during the monsoon]]
Jog Falls is situated Near [[Sagara, Karnataka|Sagara]] city.
* Nearest railway stations (distance to the location):
** [[Talaguppa#Transport|Talaguppa]] ({{cvt|13|km|disp=sqbr}})
** [[Sagar, Karnataka|Sagara]] ({{cvt|30|km|disp=sqbr}})
** [[Honnavar]]({{cvt|68|km|disp=sqbr}}) on the [[Mangalore]] - [[Mumbai|Bombay]] Konkan Railway route
** [[Bhatkal]] ({{cvt|90|km|disp=sqbr}}) also on the [[Mangalore]] - Bombay [[Konkan Railway]] route
* Nearest bus station:
** [[Sagara, Karnataka#Transport|Sagara]]
** Jog Falls
* Nearest centre for private road transport is [[Sagar, Karnataka|Sagara]].
* Nearest airport (aerial distance to the location):
** Domestic
*** [[Shivamogga Airport]]
*** [[Hubli Airport]] (HBX):
(RQY):{{cvt|100|km}}
{{cvt|133|km}}
** International
*** [[Bengaluru International Airport]] (BLR): {{cvt|422|km}}
*** [[Mangalore International Airport]] (India) (formerly [[Bajpe]] Airport) (IXE): {{cvt|200|km}}
*** [[Goa Airport]] (GOI): {{cvt|264|km}}

==See also==
*[[List of waterfalls in India]]
*[[List of waterfalls]]
*[[Kodachadri]]
*[[Gudavi Bird Sanctuary]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons and category}}
{{Wikisource|1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Gersoppa, Falls of|Falls of Gersoppa (1911 Encyclopædia Britannica)}}
* [http://www.jogfalls.in/ Jog Falls] on jogfalls.in. Jog Management Authority. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
* [https://www.karnatakatourism.org/tour-item/jog-falls/ Jog Falls] on Karnataka Government official Website

{{Hydrology of Karnataka|state=expanded}}
{{Western Ghats}}

{{Geography of India}}
{{Shimoga topics}}

[[Category:Jog Falls| ]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Mysore]]
[[Category:Waterfalls of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Plunge waterfalls]]
[[Category:Segmented waterfalls]]
[[Category:Geography of Shimoga district]]

Raju Gari Gadhi 2

2026-03-03T17:53:06Z

Prabhash Sharma: Put up first info w/ sources

{{short description|2017 Indian Telugu-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Raju Gari Gadhi 2
| image = Raju Gari Gadhi 2.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| story = Ranjith Sankar
| screenplay = Ohmkar
| producer = [[Prasad V. Potluri]]
| director = [[Ohmkar]]
| starring = [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna Akkineni]] [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]] [[Seerat Kapoor]] [[Ashwin Babu]]
| narrator =
| music = [[S. Thaman]]
| cinematography = R. Diwakaran
| editing = Madhu
| studio = [[PVP Cinema]] Matinee Entertainment OAK Entertainments Pvt. Ltd
| based_on = ''[[Pretham]]''
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2017|10|13}}
| runtime = 127 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR|25 [[crore]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2019 |title=Box Office Analysis: Raju Gari Gadhi Vs. RGG 2 Vs. RGG 3 |url=https://www.telugubulletin.com/box-office-analysis-raju-gari-gadhi-vs-rgg-2-vs-rgg-3-25703#:~:text=With%20positive%20talk%20from%20the,Rs%2011.25%20Crore%20share%20worldwide. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509132603/https://www.telugubulletin.com/box-office-analysis-raju-gari-gadhi-vs-rgg-2-vs-rgg-3-25703#:~:text=With%20positive%20talk%20from%20the,Rs%2011.25%20Crore%20share%20worldwide. |archive-date=9 May 2021 |access-date=9 May 2021}}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|35.2 [[crore]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Raju Gari Gadhi 2 Final Box Office Report |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2017-11-26/Raju-Gari-Gadhi-2-Final-Box-Office-Report/341445 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128042000/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2017-11-26/Raju-Gari-Gadhi-2-Final-Box-Office-Report/341445 |archive-date=28 November 2017 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref>
}}

'''''Raju Gari Gadhi 2''''' ({{Translation|King's bedroom 2}}) is a 2017 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy horror]] film directed by [[Ohmkar]] and produced by [[Prasad V. Potluri]] under [[PVP Cinema]], Matinee Entertainment, and OAK Entertainments banner. The film is a sequel to ''[[Raju Gari Gadhi]]'' (2015), the second installment in ''[[Raju Gari Gadhi (film series)|Raju Gari Gadhi franchise]]'', and a remake of the [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Pretham]]'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raju Gari Gadhi 2 |url=http://telugucinema.com/news/rgg2-not-exact-remake-malayalam-movie |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807125310/http://telugucinema.com/news/rgg2-not-exact-remake-malayalam-movie |archive-date=7 August 2018 |access-date=14 October 2017 |website=Telugu Cinema.com}}</ref> It stars [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna Akkineni]], [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]], [[Seerat Kapoor]], and [[Ashwin Babu]] (reprising his role from the first film), while [[Abhinaya]], [[Vennela Kishore]], [[Praveen (actor)|Praveen]], and [[Rao Ramesh]] play supporting roles. The music is composed by [[S. Thaman]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Raju Gari Gadhi 2 (Nagarjuna's Character) |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nagarjuna-to-look-stylish-as-a-mentalist-in-rgg-2/articleshow/57160080.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014183822/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nagarjuna-to-look-stylish-as-a-mentalist-in-rgg-2/articleshow/57160080.cms |archive-date=14 October 2017 |access-date=14 October 2017 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> with cinematography by R. Diwakaran and editing by Madhu. The film was released on 13 October 2017.

==Plot==
The film begins with three youngsters - Ashwin, Kishore, and Praveen - who are friends from college days, deciding to lead a life by investing in a resort business. As they start the business, everything goes smoothly until they begin to witness paranormal activities in the resort, making their lives tougher. Immediately, they contact a nearby church father, but it fails miserably, and their fear of that ghost increases. The Father suggests they approach a world-renowned mentalist named Rudra who has parlor tricks, mental tenacity to make clever guesses, special powers of contacting with the spirits, and also assists the Police Department as a human lie detector with his cold reading techniques. Rudra decides to solve the mystery in the resort. Beyond a shadow of doubt, he finds that it is a soul of a girl Amrutha, who is seeking answers for her death. Rudra assures Amrutha that he will help her.

Amrutha starts revealing her past. She was an intelligent student who has grown up with values and norms given by her father Parandhamaiah. Once, she goes out on a college excursion when someone secretly films her while bathing in the same resort, which is purchased by three youngsters and uploaded on the internet, which led to her father’s suicide. After this, Amrutha also committed suicide out of humiliation. Now, Rudra starts his investigation to catch the real culprit. At last, he finds that the culprit is Kiran, the daughter of Chandra Shekar, who is the Vice Chancellor of the Institution. The reason behind Kiran's deed is jealousy about Amrutha's popularity and her love interest Nandu's fondness towards Amrutha. After knowing the truth, Amrutha tries to kill Kiran, but Rudra stops her way by reminding the morals taught by her father and making her soul rest in peace. With that Kiran is arrested for her crime. Finally, the movie ends with the three youngsters running their resort successfully with a caution that cell phones are not allowed and Rudra moving on to a new mission.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Nagarjuna Akkineni]] as Rudra
*[[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]] as Amritha
*[[Seerat Kapoor]] as Suhanisa
*[[Ashwin Babu]] as Ashwin
*[[Abhinaya (actress)|Abhinaya]] as Kiran
*[[Vennela Kishore]] as Kishore
*[[Praveen (actor)|Praveen]] as Praveen
*[[Rao Ramesh]] as Parandhamaiah
*[[Vidyullekha Raman]] as Bellam Sridevi
*[[Shakalaka Shankar]] as Bala Yesu
*[[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]] as Father
*[[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Priest
*[[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Vice Chancellor Chandra Shekar
*[[Nandu (actor)|Nandu]] as Nandu
*[[Tejaswi Madivada]] as Bala
*[[G. V. Narayana Rao|Narayana Rao]] as Master
*[[Annapoorna (actress)|Annapurna]] as Varalakshmi
*[[Satya Krishnan]] as Lecturer
*Mukhtar Khan as Commissioner Sarathchandra
*[[Ravi Varma (East Godavari actor)|Ravi Varma]] as Satti
*[[Shatru (actor)|Shatru]] as Land Grabbing Head
*Geetha Singh as Nimmy
*Baby Lasya as Young Amrutha
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Raju Gari Gadhi 2
| type = film
| artist = [[S. Thaman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2017
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 2:10
| label =
| producer = [[S. Thaman]]
| prev_title = [[Mahanubhavudu]]
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = [[Jawaan (film)|Jawaan]]
| next_year = 2017
}}

{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 2:10
| all_writing =
| all_music = [[S. Thaman]]
| all_lyrics = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| title1 = Beautiful Life
| extra1 =
| length1 = 2:10
}}

== Production ==
''Raju Gari Gadhi 2'', a new project with ''Nagarjuna Akkineni'' in the lead was launched on 27 November 2016 at [[Annapurna Studios]], [[K. Raghavendra Rao]] gave the clap for the first scene, producer Prasad V Potluri switched on the camera while Omkar directed the first shot. The [[principal photography]] commenced in February 2017 in [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2017 |title=Raju Gari Gadhi 2 (Nagarjuna's New Project) |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/nagarjunas-next-horror-flick-raju-gari-gadhi-2-starts-rolling-4538143/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308141606/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/nagarjunas-next-horror-flick-raju-gari-gadhi-2-starts-rolling-4538143/ |archive-date=8 March 2017 |access-date=8 March 2017 |website=Indian Express}}</ref> The first look of the film was launched on 29 August 2017 on Nagarjuna's birthday and the trailer has launched on 20 September 2017, on eve of ANR's birthday.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raju Gari Gadhi 2 (Trailer) |url=http://entertainment.chennaipatrika.com/post/2017/09/19/Raju-Gari-Gadhi-2-Trailer-from-20th-September.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920191044/http://entertainment.chennaipatrika.com/post/2017/09/19/Raju-Gari-Gadhi-2-Trailer-from-20th-September.aspx |archive-date=20 September 2017 |access-date=20 September 2017 |website=Chennai Patrika}}</ref> The resort shown in the film is Le Pondy at Pondicherry.

== Reception ==

=== Critical reception ===
[[Times of India]] gave 3 out of 5 stars stating "The linear narrative and lack of spooks in what’s touted to be horror-comdey{{sic}} not withstanding, Raju Gari Gadhi 2 makes for a passable weekend watch".<ref>{{Cite news |title=RAJU GARI GADHI 2 MOVIE REVIEW. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/raju-gari-gadhi-2/movie-review/61065809.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620232631/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/raju-gari-gadhi-2/movie-review/61065809.cms |archive-date=20 June 2021 |access-date=19 October 2019 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Sequels ==
It is sequel to ''[[Raju Gari Gadhi]]'' which was released in 2015. Eventually the third installment ''[[Raju Gari Gadhi 3]]'' was released on 18 October 2019.

==See also==
*[[List of highest-grossing Telugu films|Highest-grossing Telugu franchises and film series]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|6280328}}

{{Films directed by Ohmkar}}
[[Category:2017 horror films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thaman S]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:Indian horror film remakes]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ohmkar]]

Shapur I

2026-02-26T05:14:55Z

Prabhash Sharma: small changes

{{Short description|Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire from 240 to 270}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Expand Portuguese|topic=bio|Sapor I|date=January 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2018}}
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Shapur I {{lang|pal|𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩}}
| title = [[King of Kings of Iranians and non-Iranians]]
| image = Shapour I statue.gif
| caption = Illustrated reconstruction of the [[Colossal Statue of Shapur I]] by [[George Rawlinson]], 1876
| succession = [[List of shahanshahs of the Sasanian Empire|Shahanshah]] of the [[Sasanian Empire]]
| reign = 12 April 240 – May 270
| predecessor = [[Ardashir I]]
| successor = [[Hormizd I]]
| queen = [[Khwarranzem]] [[al-Nadirah]] (?)
| issue = [[Bahram I]] [[Shapur Mishanshah]] [[Hormizd I]] [[Narseh]] [[Shapurdukhtak of Sakastan|Shapurdukhtak]] (?) [[Adur-Anahid]]
| royal house = [[House of Sasan]]
| father = [[Ardashir I]]
| mother = [[Murrod]] or [[Denag (sister of Ardashir I)|Denag]]
| religion = [[Zoroastrianism]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = May 270
| death_place = [[Bishapur]]
| burial_place =
}}
'''Shapur I''' (also spelled '''Shabuhr I'''; {{langx|pal|𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩|Šābuhr }}) was the second [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian]] [[King of Kings]] of [[Iran]]. The precise dating of his reign is disputed, but it is generally agreed that he ruled from 240 to 270, with his father [[Ardashir I]] as co-regent until the death of the latter in 242. During his co-regency, he helped his father with the conquest and destruction of the city of [[Hatra]], whose fall was facilitated, according to the Islamic myth, by the actions of his future wife [[al-Nadirah]]. Shapur also consolidated and expanded the empire of Ardashir I, waged war against the [[Roman Empire]], and seized its cities of [[Nusaybin|Nisibis]] and [[Harran|Carrhae]] while he was advancing as far as [[Roman Syria]]. Although he was defeated at the [[Battle of Resaena]] in 243 by Roman emperor [[Gordian III]] ({{reign|238|244}}), the following year he was able to win the [[Battle of Misiche]] and force the new Roman emperor [[Philip the Arab]] ({{reign|244|249}}) to sign a favorable peace treaty that was regarded by the Romans as "a most shameful treaty".{{sfn|Shahbazi|2002}}

Shapur later took advantage of the political turmoil within the Roman Empire by undertaking a second expedition against it in 252/3–256, sacking the cities of [[Antioch]] and [[Dura-Europos]]. In 260, during his third campaign, he defeated and captured the Roman emperor, [[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]]. He did not seem interested in permanently occupying the Roman provinces, choosing instead to resort to plundering and pillaging, gaining vast amounts of riches. The captives of Antioch, for example, were allocated to the newly reconstructed city of [[Gundeshapur]], later famous as a center of scholarship. In the 260s, subordinates of Shapur suffered setbacks against [[Odaenathus]], the king of [[Palmyra]]. According to Shapur's inscription at Hajiabad, he still remained active at the court in his later years, participating in [[archery]]. He died of illness in [[Bishapur]], most likely in May 270.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mark |first=Joshua J. |title=Shapur I |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Shapur_I/ |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=World History Encyclopedia |date=16 November 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

Shapur was the first Iranian monarch to use the title of "King of Kings of Iranians and non-Iranians"; beforehand the royal titulary had been "King of Kings of Iranians". He had adopted the title due to the influx of Roman citizens whom he had deported during his campaigns. However, it was first under his son and successor [[Hormizd I]], that the title became regularized. Shapur had new [[Zoroastrian]] [[fire temple]]s constructed, incorporated new elements into the faith from Greek and Indian sources, and conducted an extensive program of rebuilding and refounding of cities. He was also tolerant of [[Manichaeism]], a new religious movement founded during his time by the prophet [[Mani (prophet)|Mani]].

== Name ==
''Shapur'' was a popular name in [[Sasanian Iran]], being used by three Sasanian monarchs and other notables during and after the Sasanian era. Derived from [[Old Iranian]] ''*''{{Lang|ira-Latn|xšayaθiya.puθra}} 'son of a king', it must initially have been a title, which became—at least in the late 2nd century AD—a personal name.{{sfn|Shahbazi|2002}} It appears in the list of [[Parthian Empire|Arsacid]] kings in some Arabic-Persian sources; however, this is [[anachronistic]].{{sfn|Shahbazi|2002}} Shapur is transliterated in other languages as; [[Greek language|Greek]] {{Lang|grc-Latn|Sapur}}, {{Lang|grc-Latn|Sabour}} and {{Lang|grc-Latn|Sapuris}}; [[Latin]] {{Lang|la|Sapores}} and {{Lang|la|Sapor}}; [[Arabic]] {{Lang|ar-Latn|Sābur}} and {{Lang|ar-Latn|Šābur}}; [[New Persian]] {{Lang|fa-Latn|Šāpur}}, {{Lang|fa-Latn|Šāhpur}}, {{Lang|fa-Latn|Šahfur}}.{{sfn|Shahbazi|2002}}

== Birth ==
According to the semi-legendary ''[[Kar-Namag i Ardashir i Pabagan]]'', a [[Middle Persian]] biography of [[Ardashir I]],{{sfn|Bonner|2020|p=25}} the daughter of the Parthian king [[Artabanus IV of Parthia|Artabanus IV]], Zijanak, attempted to poison her husband Ardashir. Discovering her intentions, Ardashir ordered her to be executed. Finding out about her pregnancy, the ''[[mobad]]s'' (priests) were against it. Nevertheless, Ardashir still demanded her execution, which led the ''mobads'' to conceal her and her son Shapur for seven years, until the latter was identified by Ardashir, who chose to adopt him based on his virtuous traits.{{sfn|Stoneman|Erickson|Netton|2012|p=12}} This type of narrative is repeated in Iranian historiography. According to 5th-century BCE Greek historian [[Herodotus]], the Median king [[Astyages]] wanted to have his grandson [[Cyrus the Great|Cyrus]] killed because he believed that he would one day overthrow him. A similar narrative is also found in the story of the mythological Iranian king [[Kay Khosrow]].{{sfn|Stoneman|Erickson|Netton|2012|p=12}} According to the modern historian Michael Bonner, this story of Shapur's birth "may conceal a marriage between Ardashir and an Arsacid princess or perhaps merely a noble lady connected with the Parthian aristocracy."{{sfn|Bonner|2020|p=49}} According to [[A. Shapur Shahbazi]], this is one of several stories meant to legitimize Sasanian role by connecting Ardashir and his successors with the Parthian nobility.{{sfn|Shahbazi|2002}} In the tale, the birth of Shapur to Zijanak takes place after the overthrow of Artabanus, but [[C. E. Bosworth]] states that Shapur I must have been born "well before" this event (i.e., before 224);{{Sfn|Al-Tabari|1985–2007|loc=v. 5: p. 25, note 86}} the Sasanian [[Rock relief|rock reliefs]] and the history of [[al-Tabari]] indicate that Shapur took part in Ardashir's battles against the Parthians.{{sfn|Shahbazi|2002}} In his inscriptions, Shapur identifies his mother as a certain [[Murrod]].{{sfn|Bonner|2020|p=49}}

== Background and state of Iran==
Shapur I was a son of Ardashir I and his wife [[Murrod]]<ref>Shahbazi, A. Shapur (2002). "Šāpur I". Encyclopaedia Iranica.</ref><ref>Brosius, Maria (2000). "Women i. In Pre-Islamic Persia". [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/women-i Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol]. London et al.</ref><ref>Bonner, Michael (2020). ''The Last Empire of Iran''. New York: Gorgias Press. pp. 1–406. {{ISBN|978-1463206161}}</ref> or [[Denag (sister of Ardashir I)|Denag]].{{sfn|Gignoux|1994|p=282}} The background of the Sasanian family is obscure; although based in [[Fars province|Pars]] (also known as [[Persis]]), they were not native to the area, and were seemingly originally from the east.{{sfn|Olbrycht|2016|pp=23–32}}{{sfn|Daryaee|2010|p=242}} The historian Marek Jan Olbrycht has suggested that the family was descended from the [[Indo-Parthians]] of [[Sakastan]].{{sfn|Olbrycht|2016|pp=23–32}} [[Iranologist]] Khodadad Rezakhani also noted similarities between the early Sasanians and the Indo-Parthians, such as their coinage.{{sfn|Rezakhani|2017b|pp=44–45}} Yet, he stated that "evidence might still be too inconclusive."{{sfn|Rezakhani|2017b|pp=44–45}}

Pars, a region in the southwestern [[Iranian plateau]], was the homeland of the southwestern branch of the [[Iranian peoples]], the Persians.{{sfn|Wiesehöfer|2000a|p=195}} It was also the birthplace of the first Iranian Empire, the [[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenids]].{{sfn|Wiesehöfer|2000a|p=195}} The region served as the center of the empire until its conquest by the [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|Macedonian]] king [[Alexander the Great]] ({{reign|336|323|era=BCE}}).{{sfn|Wiesehöfer|2000a|p=195}} Since the end of the 3rd or the beginning of the 2nd century BCE, Pars was ruled by local dynasts subject to the [[Hellenistic]] [[Seleucid Empire]].{{sfn|Wiesehöfer|2009}} These dynasts held the ancient Persian title of ''[[frataraka]]'' ("leader, governor, forerunner"), which is also attested in the Achaemenid-era.{{sfn|Wiesehöfer|2000b|p=195}} Later under the ''frataraka'' [[Wadfradad II]] (fl. 138 BCE) was made a vassal of the Iranian [[Parthian Empire|Parthian (Arsacid) Empire]].{{sfn|Wiesehöfer|2009}} The ''frataraka'' were shortly afterwards replaced by the [[Kings of Persis]], most likely at the accession of the Arsacid monarch [[Phraates II]] ({{reign|132|127|era=BCE}}).{{sfn|Shayegan|2011|p=178}} Unlike the ''fratarakas'', the Kings of Persis used the title of [[shah]] ("king"), and laid foundations to a new dynasty, which may be labelled the Darayanids.{{sfn|Shayegan|2011|p=178}}

Under [[Vologases V]] ({{reign|191|208}}), the Parthian Empire was in decline, due to wars with the [[Roman Empire|Romans]], civil wars and regional revolts.{{sfn|Daryaee|2010|p=249}} The Roman emperor [[Septimius Severus]] ({{reign|193|211}}) had invaded the Parthian domains in 196, and two years later did the same, this time sacking the Parthian capital of Ctesiphon.{{sfn|Daryaee|2010|p=249}} At the same time, revolts occurred in [[Media (region)|Media]] and Persis.{{sfn|Daryaee|2010|p=249}} The Iranologist Touraj Daryaee argues that the reign of Vologases V was "the turning point in Parthian history, in that the dynasty lost much of its prestige."{{sfn|Daryaee|2010|p=249}} The kings of Persis were now unable to depend on their weakened Parthian overlords.{{sfn|Daryaee|2010|p=249}} Indeed, in 205/6, Pabag rebelled and overthrew the [[Bazrangi]]d ruler of Persis, [[Gochihr]], taking Istakhr for himself.{{sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=187}}{{sfn|Daryaee|2010|p=249}} Around 208 [[Vologases VI]] succeeded his father Vologases V as king of the Arsacid Empire. He ruled as the uncontested king from 208 to 213, but afterwards fell into a dynastic struggle with his brother [[Artabanus IV]],{{efn|Artabanus IV is erroneously known in older scholarship as Artabanus V. For further information, see {{harvtxt|Schippmann|1986a|pp=647–650}}}} who by 216 was in control of most of the empire, even being acknowledged as the supreme ruler by the Roman Empire.{{sfn|Schippmann|1986a|pp=647–650}} Artabanus IV soon clashed with the Roman emperor [[Caracalla]], whose forces he managed to contain at [[Battle of Nisibis (217)|Nisibis]] in 217.{{sfn|Daryaee|2014|p=3}}

Peace was made between the two empires the following year, with the Arsacids keeping most of [[Mesopotamia]].{{sfn|Daryaee|2014|p=3}} However, Artabanus IV still had to deal with his brother Vologases VI, who continued to mint coins and challenge him.{{sfn|Daryaee|2014|p=3}} The Sasanian family had meanwhile quickly risen to prominence in Pars, and had now under Ardashir begun to conquer the neighboring regions and more far territories, such as [[Kirman (Sasanian province)|Kirman]].{{sfn|Schippmann|1986a|pp=647–650}}{{sfn|Schippmann|1986b|pp=525–536}} At first, Ardashir I's activities did not alarm Artabanus IV, until later, when the Arsacid king finally chose to confront him.{{sfn|Schippmann|1986a|pp=647–650}}

== Early life and co-rule ==
[[Image:Ardachir relief Firuzabad 1.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|1840 illustration of a [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian]] relief at [[Firuzabad, Fars|Firuzabad]], showing [[Ardashir I]]'s [[Battle of Hormozdgan|victory]] over [[Artabanus IV of Parthia|Artabanus IV]] and his forces.]]
Shapur, as portrayed in the Sasanian [[rock relief]]s, took part in his father's war with the Arsacids, including the [[Battle of Hormozdgan]].{{sfn|Shahbazi|2002}} The battle was fought on 28 April 224, with Artabanus IV being defeated and killed, marking the end of the Arsacid era and the start of 427 years of Sasanian rule.{{sfn|Shahbazi|2004|pp=469–470}} The chief secretary of the deceased Arsacid king, [[Dad-windad]], was afterwards executed by Ardashir I.{{sfn|Rajabzadeh|1993|pp=534–539}} Ardashir celebrated his victory by having two rock reliefs sculptured at the Sasanian royal city of Ardashir-Khwarrah (present-day [[Firuzabad, Fars|Firuzabad]]) in [[Pars (Sasanian province)|Pars]].{{sfn|Shahbazi|2005}}{{sfn|McDonough|2013|p=601}} The first relief portrays three scenes of personal fighting; starting from the left, a Persian aristocrat seizing a Parthian soldier; Shapur impaling the Parthian minister Dad-windad with his lance; and Ardashir I ousting Artabanus IV.{{sfn|McDonough|2013|p=601}}{{sfn|Shahbazi|2004|pp=469–470}} The second relief, conceivably intended to portray the aftermath of the battle, displays the triumphant Ardashir I being given the badge of kingship over a fire shrine from the [[Zoroastrian]] supreme god [[Ahura Mazda]], while Shapur and two other princes are watching from behind.{{sfn|McDonough|2013|p=601}}{{sfn|Shahbazi|2005}} Ardashir considered Shapur "the gentlest, wisest, bravest and ablest of all his children" and nominated him as his successor in a council amongst the magnates.{{sfn|Shahbazi|2002}} Shapur was crowned co-ruler of the empire on 12 April 240. He may have been crowned again as sole ruler in 243, but [[Richard N. Frye]] writes that a single coronation in 240 is more likely.{{Sfn|Frye|2000|p=119}}

==Military career==
{{see also|Roman–Persian Wars}}

===The eastern front===
{{Original research|section|date=April 2025|reason=This section seems to be the result of synthesis from primary sources.}}
The eastern provinces of the fledgling Sasanian Empire bordered on the land of the [[Kushans]] and the land of the [[Sakas]] (roughly today's Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan). The military operations of Shapur's father Ardashir I had led to the local Kushan and Saka kings offering tribute to the Sasanians. Satisfied by this show of submission, Ardashir seems to have refrained from occupying their territories. [[Al-Tabari]] alleges that he rebuilt the ancient city of [[Zrang]] in [[Sakastan]] (the land of the Sakas, [[Sistan]]), but the only founding of a new Sasanian settlement in the east which is certain in this period is the building by Shapur I of [[Nishapur]]—"Beautiful (city built) by Shapur"—in [[Dihistan]] (former [[Parthia]], apparently lost by the [[Parthian people|Parthians]] to the Kushans).<ref>Thaalibi 485–486 even ascribes the founding of Badghis and Khwarazm to Ardashir I</ref>

Soon after the death of his father in 241 AD, Shapur felt the need to cut short the campaign they had started in Roman Syria and reassert Sasanian authority in the East, perhaps because the Kushan and Saka kings were lax in abiding by their tributary status. However, he first had to fight "The Medes of the Mountains"—possibly in the mountain range of [[Gilan]] on the Caspian coast—and after subjugating them, he appointed his son Bahram (the later [[Bahram I]]) as their king. He then marched to the East and annexed most of the land of the Kushans, and appointing his son [[Narseh]] as Sakanshah—king of the Sakas—in [[Sistan]]. In 242 AD, Shapur conquered [[Sasanian Khwarazm|khwarezm]].<ref>[[Richard N. Frye|Frye, Richard N]]. (1983). [https://books.google.com/books?id=hvx9jq_2L3EC&pg=PA116 "The political history of Iran under the Sasanians"]. The Cambridge History of Iran: The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian periods (1). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 116–181. {{ISBN|978-0521246934}}.</ref> Shapur could now proudly proclaim that his empire stretched all the way to Peshawar, and his relief in [[Rag-i-Bibi]] in present-day Afghanistan confirms this claim.<ref>W. Soward, "The Inscription of Shapur I at Naqsh-E Rustam in Fars", sasanika.org, 3. Cf. F. Grenet, J. Lee, P. Martinez, F. Ory, "The Sasanian Relief at Rag-i Bibi (Northern Afghanistan)” in G. Hermann, J. Cribb (ed.), After Alexander. Central Asia before Islam (London 2007), pp. 259–260</ref> Shapur I claims in his [[Shapur I's victory relief at Naqsh-e Rostam|Naqsh-e Rostam inscription]] possession of the territory of the Kushans ({{Lang|pal-Latn|Kūšān šahr}}) as far as "Purushapura" ([[Peshawar]]), suggesting he controlled [[Bactria]] and areas as far as the [[Hindu-Kush]] or even south of it:{{sfn|Rezakhani|2017a|pp=202–203}}{{full citation needed|date=April 2021}}

{{blockquote|I, the Mazda-worshipping lord, Shapur, king of kings of Iran and An-Iran… (I) am the Master of the Domain of Iran (Ērānšahr) and possess the territory of Persis, Parthian… Hindestan, the Domain of the Kushan up to the limits of Paškabur and up to Kash, Sughd, and Chachestan.|[[Naqsh-e Rostam]] inscription of Shapur I}}

He seems to have garrisoned the Eastern territories with prisoners of war from his previous campaign against the Medes of the Mountains. Agathias claims [[Bahram II]] (274–293 AD) later campaigned in the land of the Sakas and appointed his brother Hormizd as its king. When Hormizd revolted, the [[Panegyrici Latini]] list his forces as the Sacci (Sakas), the Rufii (Cusii/Kushans) and the Geli (Gelans / [[Gilaks]], the inhabitants of [[Gilan]]). Since the Gilaks are obviously out of place among these easterners, and as we know that Shapur I had to fight the Medes of the Mountains first before marching to the land of the Kushans, it is conceivable those Gilaks were the descendants of warriors captured during Shapur I's North-western campaign, forcibly drafted into the Sasanian army, and settled as a hereditary garrison in [[Merv]], [[Nishapur]], or [[Zrang]] after the conclusion of Shapur's north-eastern campaign, the usual Sasanian practice with prisoners of war.<ref>Agathias 4.24.6–8; Panegyrici Latini N3.16.25; Thaalibi 495; {{cite book|author=Arthur Christensen|title=L'Iran sous les Sassanides|place=Copenhague|year=1944 |publisher=Ejnar Munksgaard |url=https://archive.org/details/christensen-liran-sous-les-sa |language=fr |page=214}}</ref>

===Roman campaigns===
[[Image:N-Mesopotamia and Syria.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Map showing the Roman-Sasanian borders after the peace treaty in 244]]

Towards the end of his reign, Ardashir I had renewed the war against the [[Roman Empire]], and Shapur I had conquered the [[Mesopotamia]]n fortresses [[Nisibis]] and [[Carrhae]] and had advanced into [[Syria (Roman province)|Syria]]. In 242, the Romans under the father-in-law of their child-emperor [[Gordian III]] set out against the Sasanians with "a huge army and great quantity of gold" (according to a Sasanian rock relief), and wintered in [[Antioch]], while Shapur was occupied with subduing [[Gilan]], [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]], and [[Sistan]].{{sfn|Raditsa|2000|p=125}} There the Roman general [[Gaius Furius Sabinius Aquila Timesitheus|Timesitheus]] fought against the Sasanians and won repeated battles, and recaptured Carrhae and Nisibis, and at last routed a Sasanian army at Resaena, forcing the Persians to restore all occupied cities unharmed to their citizens. "We have penetrated as far as Nisibis, and shall even get to [[Ctesiphon]]," the young emperor [[Gordian III]], who had joined his father-in-law Timesitheus, exultantly wrote to the Senate.

The Romans later invaded eastern Mesopotamia but faced tough resistance from Shapur I who returned from the East. After Gordian III ascended to the throne, the young emperor went to the [[Battle of Misiche]] and was either killed in the battle or murdered by the Romans after the defeat. The Romans then chose Philip the Arab as Emperor. Philip was not willing to repeat the mistakes of previous claimants and was aware that he had to return to Rome to secure his position with the Senate. Philip concluded a peace with Shapur I in 244; he had agreed that Armenia lay within Persia's sphere of influence. He also had to pay an enormous indemnity to the Persians of 500,000 gold denarii.{{sfn|Shahbazi|2002}} Philip immediately issued coins proclaiming that he had made peace with the Persians ({{lang|la|pax fundata cum Persis}}).{{sfn|Southern|2003|p=71}}
Shapur I commemorated this victory on several rock reliefs in [[Fars province|Pars]].

Philip later broke the treaty and seized lost territory,{{sfn|Shahbazi|2002}} Shapur I invaded Mesopotamia in 250 but again, serious trouble arose in [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] and Shapur I had to march over there and settle its affair.

Having settled the affair in Khorasan he resumed the invasion of Roman territories, and later annihilated a Roman force of 60,000 at the [[Battle of Barbalissos]]. He then burned and ravaged the Roman province of [[Syria]] and all its dependencies.
[[File:Naghsh-e rostam, Irán, 2016-09-24, DD 12.jpg|thumb|Rock-face relief at [[Naqsh-e Rostam]] of Shapur (on horseback) with [[Philip the Arab]] and [[Emperor Valerian]]]]
[[Image:HumiliationValerianusHolbein.jpg|thumb|right|''The Humiliation of [[Emperor Valerian]] by Shapur I'', pen and ink, [[Hans Holbein the Younger]], ca. 1521. At the time it was made, the above rock-face relief was unknown in the west.]]

Shapur I then reconquered [[Armenia]], and incited [[Anak the Parthian]] to murder the king of Armenia, [[Khosrov II of Armenia|Khosrov II]]. Anak did as Shapur asked, and had Khosrov murdered in 258; yet Anak himself was shortly thereafter murdered by Armenian nobles.<ref>Hovannisian, ''The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century'', p. 72</ref> Shapur then appointed his son [[Hormizd I]] as the "Great King of Armenia". With Armenia subjugated, [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] submitted to the Sasanian Empire and fell under the supervision of a Sasanian official.{{sfn|Shahbazi|2002}} With Georgia and Armenia under control, the Sasanians' borders on the north were thus secured.

During Shapur's invasion of [[Roman Syria|Syria]] he captured important Roman cities like [[Antioch]]. The emperor [[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]] (253–260) marched against him and by 257 Valerian had recovered Antioch and returned the province of Syria to Roman control. The speedy retreat of Shapur's troops caused Valerian to pursue the Persians to [[Edessa, Mesopotamia|Edessa]], but they were [[Battle of Edessa|defeated]], and Valerian, along with the Roman army that was left, was captured by Shapur{{sfn|Frye|2000|p=126}} Shapur then advanced into [[Asia Minor]] and managed to capture [[Siege of Caesarea (260)|Caesarea]],{{sfn|Henning|1939|p=842}} deporting hundred upon thousands of Roman citizens to the Sasanian empire.{{sfn|Henning|1939|p=843}} He used these captive Roman citizens to build a [[Levee|dyke]] near [[Shushtar]], called "Caesar's dyke".{{sfn|Henning|1939|p=843}}

The victory over Valerian is presented in a mural at [[Naqsh-e Rustam]], where Shapur is represented on horseback wearing royal armor and a crown. Before him kneels a man in Roman dress, asking for grace. The same scene is repeated in other rock-face inscriptions.<ref>{{cite book |author=Grishman, R. |year=1995 |title=Iran From the Beginning Until Islam}}</ref>
Christian tradition has Shapur I humiliating Valerian, infamous for his [[persecution of Christians]], by the [[King of Kings]] using the Emperor as a footstool to mount his horse, and they claim he later died a miserable death in captivity at the hands of the enemy. However, just as with the above-mentioned [[Gilaks]] deported to the East by Shapur, the Persian treatment of prisoners of war was unpleasant but honorable, drafting the captured Romans and their Emperor into their army and deporting them to a remote place, [[Bishapur]] in [[Khuzistan (Sasanian province)|Khuzistan]], where they were settled as a garrison and built a weir with bridge for Shapur.<ref>{{cite book |author=A. Tafazzoll |year=1990 |title=History of Ancient Iran |page=183}}</ref>

However, the Persian forces were later defeated by the Roman officer [[Balista]] and the lord of [[Palmyra]] [[Septimius Odaenathus]], who captured the royal harem. Shapur plundered the eastern borders of Syria and returned to Ctesiphon, probably in late 260.{{sfn|Shahbazi|2002}} In 264, Septimius Odaenathus reached Ctesiphon, but [[Battle of Ctesiphon (263)|failed to take the city]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=oRyDnAwJCTwC&dq=odaenathus+ctesiphon+failed&pg=PA214 Who's Who in the Roman World] By John Hazel</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=QybaAAAAMAAJ&q=odaenathus+ctesiphon++walls Babylonia Judaica in the Talmudic Period] By A'haron Oppenheimer, Benjamin H. Isaac, Michael Lecker</ref>

The [[Colossal Statue of Shapur I]], which stands in the Shapur Cave, is one of the most impressive sculptures of the [[Sasanian Empire]].

==Interactions with minorities==
Shapur is mentioned many times in the [[Talmud]], in which he is referred to in [[Jewish Aramaic]] as ''Shabur Malka'' ({{Lang|he|שבור מלכא}}), meaning "King Shapur". He had good relations with the Jewish community and was a friend of [[Samuel of Nehardea|Shmuel]], one of the most famous of the [[Babylonia]]n ''[[Amoraim]]'', the Talmudic sages from among the important Jewish communities of [[Mesopotamia]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}

==Roman prisoners of war==
Shapur's campaigns deprived the Roman Empire of resources while restoring and substantially enriching his own treasury, by [[deportation|deporting]] many Romans from conquered cities to Sasanian provinces like [[Khuzistan (Sasanian province)|Khuzestan]], [[Asuristan]], and [[Pars (Sasanian province)|Pars]]. This influx of deported artisans and skilled workers revitalised Iran's domestic commerce.{{sfn|Shahbazi|2002}}

==Death==
In May 270, Shapur died of an illness while in [[Bishapur]]. He was succeeded by his son, [[Hormizd I]]. Two of his other sons, [[Bahram I]] and [[Narseh]], would also become kings of the Sasanian Empire, while another son, [[Shapur Meshanshah]], who died before Shapur, sired children who would hold exalted positions within the empire.{{sfn|Shahbazi|2002}}

==Government==
===Governors during his reign===
[[File:Naqsh-e Rajab 01.jpg|thumb|Relief showing Shapur I on horseback, followed by his sons and nobles]]
Under Shapur, the Sasanian court, including its territories, were much larger than that of his father. Several governors and vassal-kings are mentioned in his inscriptions; Ardashir, governor of [[Qom]]; Varzin, governor of [[Spahan]]; Tiyanik, governor of [[Hamadan]]; Ardashir, governor of Neriz; Narseh, governor of Rind; Friyek, governor of [[Gundishapur]]; Rastak, governor of [[Veh-Ardashir]]; [[Amazasp III of Iberia|Amazasp III]], king of [[Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)|Iberia]]. Under Shapur several of his relatives and sons served as governor of Sasanian provinces; [[Bahram I|Bahram]], governor of [[Gilan]]; [[Narseh]], governor of [[Sindh]], [[Sakastan (Sasanian province)|Sakastan]] and [[Turan (Sasanian province)|Turan]]; Ardashir, governor of [[Kirman (Sasanian province)|Kirman]]; [[Hormizd I|Hormizd-Ardashir]], governor of [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Armenia]]; [[Shapur Meshanshah]], governor of [[Meshan]]; Ardashir, governor of [[Adiabene]].{{sfn|Frye|1984|p=299}}

===Officials during his reign===
Several names of Shapur's officials are carved on his inscription at [[Naqsh-e Rustam]]. Many of these were the offspring of the officials who served Shapur's father. During the reign of Shapur, a certain Papak served as the commander of the royal guard (''[[hazarbed]]''), while Peroz served as the chief of the cavalry (''[[aspbed]]''); Vahunam and Shapur served as the director of the clergy; Kirdisro served as viceroy of the empire (''[[bidaxsh]]''); Vardbad served as the "chief of services"; Hormizd served as the chief scribe; Naduk served as "the chief of the prison"; Papak served as the "gate keeper"; Mihrkhwast served as the treasurer; Shapur served as the commander of the army; Arshtat Mihran served as the secretary; Zik served as the "master of ceremonies".{{sfn|Frye|1984|p=373}}

=== Army ===
[[File:Shapur I (The Shahnama of Shah Tahmasp).png|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Shapur I in the [[Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp]]]]
Under Shapur, the Iranian military experienced a resurgence after a rather long decline in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, which gave the Romans the opportunity to undertake expeditions into the Near East and Mesopotamia during the end of the Parthian Empire.{{sfn|Daryaee|Rezakhani|2017|p=157}} Yet, the military was essentially the same as that of the Parthians; the same Parthians nobles who served the Arsacid royal family, now served the Sasanians, forming the majority of the Sasanian army.{{sfn|McDonough|2013|p=603}} However, the Sasanians seem to have employed more [[cataphracts]] who were equipped with lighter chain-mail armor resembling that of the Romans.{{sfn|McDonough|2013|p=603}}

Although Iranian society was greatly militarized and its elite designated themselves as a "warrior nobility" (''arteshtaran''), it still had a significantly smaller population, was more impoverished, and was a less centralized state compared to the Roman Empire.{{sfn|McDonough|2013|p=603}} As a result, the Sasanian shahs had access to fewer full-time fighters, and depended on recruits from the nobility instead.{{sfn|McDonough|2013|p=603}} Some exceptions were the royal cavalry bodyguard, garrison soldiers, and units recruited from places outside Iran.{{sfn|McDonough|2013|p=603}} The bulk of the nobility included the powerful Parthian noble families (known as the ''[[wuzurgan]]'') that were centered on the [[Iranian plateau]].{{sfn|McDonough|2013|p=604}} They served as the backbone of the Sasanian [[Feudalism|feudal]] army and were largely autonomous.{{sfn|McDonough|2013|p=604}} The Parthian nobility worked for the Sasanian shah for personal benefit, personal oath, and, conceivably, a common awareness of the "Aryan" (Iranian) kinship they shared with their Persian overlords.{{sfn|McDonough|2013|p=604}}

Use of [[Persian war elephants|war elephants]] is also attested under Shapur, who made use of them to demolish the city of [[Hatra]].{{sfn|Daryaee|2014|p=46}} He may also have used them against Valerian, as attested in the ''[[Shahnameh]]'' (''The Book of Kings'').{{sfn|Daryaee|2016|p=37}}

===Monuments===
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2017}}
[[Image:Bishapour palais Shapur.jpg|thumb|Picture of the ruined palace of Shapur I at [[Bishapur]]]]

Shapur I left other reliefs and rock inscriptions. A relief at [[Naqsh-e Rajab]] near [[Estakhr]] is accompanied by a Greek translation. Here Shapur I calls himself "the [[Zoroastrianism|Mazdayasnan]] (worshipper of [[Ahuramazda]]), the divine Shapur, King of Kings of the [[Iranian peoples|Iranians]], and non-Iranians, of divine descent, son of the Mazdayasnan, the divine [[Ardashir I|Ardashir]], King of Kings of the Aryans, grandson of the divine king [[Papak]]". Another long inscription at Estakhr mentions the King's exploits in archery in the presence of his nobles.

From his titles we learn that Shapur I claimed sovereignty over the whole earth, although in reality his domain extended little farther than that of Ardashir I.
Shapur I built the great town [[Academy of Gundishapur|Gundishapur]] near the old Achaemenid capital [[Susa]], and increased the fertility of the district with a dam and irrigation system—built by Roman prisoners—that redirected part of the [[Karun River]]. The barrier is still called ''[[Band-e Kaisar]]'', "the mole of the Caesar". He is also responsible for building the city of [[Bishapur]], with the labors of Roman soldiers captured after the defeat of Valerian in 260. Shapur also built a town named [[Pushang]] in [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]].

===Religious policy===
In all records Shapur calls himself ''mzdysn'' ("Mazda-worshipping"). His inscription at the [[Ka'ba-ye Zartosht]] recounts his wars and religious establishments to the same extent. He believed that he had a responsibility; "For the reason, therefore, that the gods have so made us their instrument (''dstkrt''), and that by the help of the gods we have sought out for ourselves, and hold, all these nations (''štry'') for that reason we have also founded, province by province, many Varahrān fires (''ʾtwry wlhlʾn''), and we have dealt piously with many Magi (''mowmard''), and we have made great worship of the gods."{{sfn|Shahbazi|2002}} According to the Zoroastrian priest [[Kartir]], Shapur treated the Zoroastrians generously, and permitted members of their clergy to follow him on his expeditions against the Romans.{{sfn|Shahbazi|2002}} According to the historian [[Prods Oktor Skjærvø]], Shapur was a "lukewarm Zoroastrian".{{sfn|Skjærvø|2011|pp=608–628}}

During the reign of Shapur, [[Manichaeism]], a new religion founded by the Iranian prophet [[Mani (prophet)|Mani]], flourished. Mani was treated well by Shapur, and in 242, the prophet joined the Sasanian court, where he tried to convert Shapur by dedicating his only work written in [[Middle Persian]], known as the ''[[Shabuhragan]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia |publisher=UNESCO |year=2006 |isbn=978-9231032110 |pages=103}}</ref> Shapur, however, did not convert to Manichaeism and remained a Zoroastrian.<ref>{{BBKL |m/mani|band=5|author=Marco Frenschkowski|artikel=Mani (iran. Mānī<; gr. Μανιχαῑος < ostaram. Mānī ḥayyā "der lebendige Mani")|spalten=669–680}}</ref>

== Coinage and imperial ideology ==
[[File:Dinar of Shapur I, ca. 260-272.jpg|thumb|[[Gold dinar]] of Shapur I, minted at [[Ctesiphon]]]]
[[Image:Coin of Shapur I with eagle-headed crown.jpg|thumb|[[Ancient drachma|Drachma]] of Shapur wearing an eagle-headed crown]]

While Ardashir used the title "King of Kings of Iran(ians)", Shapur slightly changed it, adding the phrase "and non-Iran(ians)".{{sfn|Shayegan|2013|p=805}} The extended title demonstrates the incorporation of new territory into the empire; however, what was precisely seen as "non-Iran(ian)" (''[[aneran]]'') is not certain.{{sfn|Shayegan|2004|pp=462–464}} Although this new title was used on his inscriptions, it was almost never used on his [[Sasanian coinage|coinage]].{{sfn|Curtis|Stewart|2008|pp=21, 23}} The title first became regularized under Hormizd I.{{sfn|Curtis|Stewart|2008|p=21}}

== See also ==
* [[Shapur I's first Roman campaign]]
* [[Shapour I's inscription in Ka'ba-ye Zartosht]]
* [[Shapour I's inscription in Naqsh-e Rostam]]
* [[Siege of Dura Europos (256)]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
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* {{cite book |first1=Scott |last1=McDonough |editor1-last=Campbell|editor1-first=Brian |editor2-first=Lawrence A. |editor2-last= Tritle |title=The Oxford Handbook of Warfare in the Classical World |date=2013 |publisher=Oxford University Press |chapter=Military and Society in Sasanian Iran|chapter-url=https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195304657.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780195304657-e-31 |pages=1–783|isbn=978-0-19-530465-7}}
* {{cite book |last1=Olbrycht |first1=Marek Jan|editor-last1=Curtis|editor-first1=Vesta Sarkhosh|editor-last2=Pendleton|editor-first2=Elizabeth J.|editor-last3=Alram|editor-first3=Michael|editor-last4=Daryaee|editor-first4=Touraj|title=The Parthian and Early Sasanian Empires: Adaptation and Expansion |date=2016 |publisher=Oxbow Books |isbn=978-1-78570-208-2 |chapter=Dynastic Connections in the Arsacid Empire and the Origins of the House of Sāsān}}
* {{cite book|last=Pourshariati|first=Parvaneh|title=Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran|location=London and New York|publisher=I.B. Tauris|year=2008|isbn=978-1-84511-645-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I-xtAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Dabīr | last = Rajabzadeh | first = Hashem | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VI, Fasc. 5 | pages = 534–539 | year = 1993 | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dabir-secretary-scribe}}
* {{cite book|last1=Rapp|first1=Stephen H.|title=The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature|date=2014|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4724-2552-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T8VIBQAAQBAJ&q=rapp+inscription+kartir}}
* {{cite book |first=Khodadad|last=Rezakhani|editor1-last=Daryaee |editor1-first=Touraj |title=King of the Seven Climes: A History of the Ancient Iranian World (3000 BCE – 651 CE) |date=2017a |publisher=UCI Jordan Center for Persian Studies |chapter=From the Kushans to the Western Turks|pages=199–227|isbn=978-0-692-86440-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=unTjswEACAAJ}}
* {{cite book |title=ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity |last=Rezakhani |first=Khodadad |year=2017b |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-0030-5 |jstor=10.3366/j.ctt1g04zr8}}
* {{cite book |last1=Schindel |first1=Nikolaus |editor-last=Potts|editor-first=Daniel T.|title=The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran |date=2013 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-973330-9 |chapter=Sasanian Coinage}}
* {{cite book |last=Raditsa |first=Leo |chapter=Iranians in Asia Minor |title=The Cambridge History of Iran |volume=3, Part 1: The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods |editor-first=Ehsan |editor-last=Yarshater |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |pages=100–115 |orig-date=First published 1983}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Artabanus (Arsacid kings) | last = Schippmann | first = K. | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/artabanus-parth#pt4 | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 6 | pages = 647–650 | year = 1986a }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Arsacids ii. The Arsacid dynasty | last = Schippmann | first = K. | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arsacids-ii | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 5 | pages = 525–536 | year = 1986b }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | title = Artaxerxes | last = Schmitt | first = R. | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/artaxerxes-throne-name-of-several-persian-kings-of-the-achaemenid-dynasty | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 6 | pages = 654–655 | year = 1986 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=Bahrām I |last=Shahbazi |first=A. Shapur |author-link=Alireza Shapour Shahbazi |url= http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahram-01 |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 5 |pages= 514–522 |year=1988 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Šāpur I | last = Shahbazi | first = A. Shapur | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/shapur-i | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | year = 2002 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Hormozdgān | last = Shahbazi | first = A. Shapur | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hormozdgan | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XII, Fasc. 5 | pages = 469–470 | year = 2004}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | last = Shahbazi | first = A. Shapur | title = Sasanian dynasty | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sasanian-dynasty | year = 2005 | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | title= Hormozd I | last = Shayegan | first = M. Rahim | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hormozd-i | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XII, Fasc. 5 | pages = 462–464 | year = 2004 }}
* {{cite book | title = Arsacids and Sasanians: Political Ideology in Post-Hellenistic and Late Antique Persia | year = 2011 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | last = Shayegan | first = M. Rahim | pages = |isbn=978-0-521-76641-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=f_gcyC8l80MC&q=false }}
* {{cite book |last1=Shayegan|first1=M. Rahim|editor-last=Potts|editor-first=Daniel T.|title=The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran |date=2013 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-973330-9 |chapter=Sasanian Political Ideology}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Kartir | last = Skjærvø | first = Prods Oktor | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kartir | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XV, Fasc. 6 | pages = 608–628 | year = 2011 }}
* {{cite book |title=The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism |first1=Michael |last1=Stausberg|author-link1 = Michael Stausberg | first2=Yuhan Sohrab-Dinshaw|last2=Vevaina |first3=Anna|last3=Tessmann|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |year=2015}}
* {{cite book | title = The Alexander Romance in Persia and the East | year = 2012 | publisher = Barkhuis | last1 = Stoneman| first1 = Richard | last2 = Erickson | first2 = Kyle | last3 = Netton | first3 = Ian Richard |isbn=978-94-91431-04-3 }}
* {{cite book |title=The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine |first=Pat |last=Southern |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2003 }}
* {{ODLA|last1=Vevaina|first1=Yuhan|last2=Canepa|first2=Matthew|title=Ohrmazd |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001/acref-9780198662778-e-3439}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Narseh | last = Weber | first = Ursula | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | year = 2016 | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/narseh-sasanian-king}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Ardašīr I i. History | last = Wiesehöfer | first = Josef | author-link = Josef Wiesehöfer | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ardasir-i | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 4 | pages = 371–376 | year = 1986 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | title=Frataraka | last=Wiesehöfer| first=Josef | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. X, Fasc. 2 | page=195 | year=2000b | url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/frataraka}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | title=Fārs ii. History in the Pre-Islamic Period | last=Wiesehöfer | first=Josef | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica | year=2000a | url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/fars-ii}}
* {{cite book |last1=Wiesehöfer |first1=Josef |title=Ancient Persia |date=2001 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-86064-675-1}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | title=Persis, Kings of | last=Wiesehöfer| first=Josef | url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/persis-kings-of | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica | year=2009}}
{{Refend}}

{{commons category}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian dynasty]]||||May 270}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Ardashir I]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran]]|years=240–270}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Hormizd I]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Sasanian Rulers}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shapur 01}}
[[Category:Shapur I| ]]
[[Category:270 deaths]]
[[Category:3rd-century Sasanian monarchs]]
[[Category:People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:People from Firuzabad, Fars]]
[[Category:Shahnameh characters]]
[[Category:City founders]]

Prateek Baid

2026-02-21T22:29:42Z

Prabhash Sharma: Put up initial article needs work

{{Short description|Indian model}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox model
| name = Prateek Baid
| birth_name = Prateek Baid
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1991|09|15}}<ref name="ref1">{{cite web|title=Prateek Baid, Mr. India 2016, won the Best Model award at Mister Global 2016|url=http://thegreatpageantcommunity.com/2016/05/07/prateek-baid-best-model-award/|work=thegreatpageatcommunity.com|date=7 May 2016 |accessdate=11 July 2016}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Bikaner]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]<ref name="ref1"/>
| alma_mater = [[MIT Bikaner]]<ref name="ref1"/>
| occupation = [[Engineer]], [[Model (people)|model]] and [[actor]]
| height = {{height|ft=6|in=3}}<ref name="ref1"/>
| hair_color = Brown
| eye_color = Hazel
}}
'''Prateek Baid''' (born 15 September 1991) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[Model (people)|model]], [[actor]], automobile engineer and beauty pageant titleholder based in [[Bikaner]], [[Rajasthan]]. He won [[Rubaru Mr. India]] 2016 and represented India at [[Mister Global]] 2016 held in [[Chiang Mai]], [[Thailand]], where he placed in the Top 15 semi-finalists, and won the "Best Model" award.

==Biography==
Prateek Baid was born on 15 September 1991 in [[Bikaner]], [[Rajasthan]]. He went to Central Academy Bikaner School. He graduated with a degree in [[mechanical engineering]] from Manda institute of technology College Bikaner. He won the Glam Icon 2015 held on 22 November 2015 at [[Kurla]], [[Mumbai]] organized by [[Phoenix Market City Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Phoenix Glam Icon 2015 Talent Hunt at Phoenix Marketcity Kurla|url=http://mumbai.mallsmarket.com/malls/phoenix-market-city-mumbai-kurla/events/phoenix-glam-icon-2015-talent-hunt-phoenix-marketcity|work=mallsmarket.com|accessdate=11 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Phoenix Marketcity announced the launch of its new event Glam Icon hunt in Mumbai|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/Phoenix-Marketcity-announced-the-launch-of-its-new-event-Glam-Icon-hunt-in-Mumbai/articleshow/45004259.cms|work=timesofindia.com|date=2 November 2014 |accessdate=11 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=REVEALED! INDIA's NEWEST GLAM ICONS|url=http://www.hisstylecloset.com/news/revealed-indias-newest-glam-icons/|publisher=hisstylecloset.com|author=Ranjit Rodricks|date=24 November 2015|accessdate=11 July 2016}}</ref>

He made his television debut with [[Maharakshak: Devi]] aired on [[Zee TV]]. Later in 2016 he won [[Rubaru Mr. India]] 2016 contest held on 24 April 2016 at Anya Hotel in Gurugram ''(previously [[Gurgaon]])'' and represented India at [[Mister Global]] 2016 contest held at Central Plaza in [[Chiang Mai]], [[Thailand]] and won the ''Best Model'' award and placed as the Top 15 semi-finalist.<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2">{{cite news|title=Prateek Baid wins best model award at Mister Global 2016|url=https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/others/Prateek-Baid-wins-the-best-model-award-at-Mister-Global-2016/articleshow/52162522.cms|date=7 May 2016|newspaper=The Times of India|accessdate=18 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mister India 2016, Prateek Baid won Best Model Award at Mister Global 2016|url=https://indianandworldpageant.com/2016/05/09/mister-india-2016-prateek-baid-won-best-model-award-at-mister-global-2016/|work=indianandworldpageants.com|accessdate=11 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Prateek Baid: From an automobile engineer to a model|url=http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/others/prateek-baid-from-an-automobile-engineer-to-a-model/eventshow/52202575.cms|work=indiatimes.com|accessdate=11 July 2016}}</ref>

===Awards and honours===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 92%; text-align: center"
!width="10" |Year
!width="150" | Award(s) won
!width="150" | Awarded at
|-
| 2015
| Glam Icon
| Glam Icon 2015 championship
|-
| rowspan=3| 2016
| Rubaru Mr. India Global
| [[Rubaru Mr. India]] 2016 championship
|-
| Best Model
| [[Rubaru Mr. India]] 2016 championship
|-
| Best Model (International)
| [[Mister Global]] 2016 championship
|-
| 2021
| Best International Model
| Achievers Awards 2020-21
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[Rohit Khandelwal]]
*[[Puneet Beniwal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.misterglobal.net/ Mister Global website]
*[http://www.thepageantqueens.org/2016/04/rubaru-mister-india-2016-winners.html Rubaru Mister India 2016 winners]
*[https://indianandworldpageant.com/2016/04/26/rubaru-mister-india-2016-winners-photos/ Rubaru Mister India 2016 winners (Photos)]
*[http://www.misterology.com/2016/05/02/mister-global-2016-contestants-in-swimwear/ Mister Global 2016 contestants in swimwear]
*[http://sashfactor.info/sashesandscripts/?tag=prateek-baid Asian contenders in Mr Global 2016]
*[http://www.facebook.com/officialprateekbaid Prateek Baid official facebook]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baid, Prateek}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Indian male models]]
[[Category:Male actors from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:Male beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:Beauty pageant contestants from India]]
[[Category:People from Bikaner]]

Abhimanyu Samanta Singhara

2026-02-15T02:37:11Z

Prabhash Sharma:

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Bidagdha Kabi
| name = Abhimanyu Samanta Singhara
| image = Abhimanyu Samantasinghara.png
| imagesize =
| caption = Drawing of Samanta Singhara
| birth_date = {{birth date |df=y|1760|02|23}} (7th day of Magha)
| birth_place = Balia, [[Jajpur district]]
| death_date = {{death date and age |df=y|1806|6|15|1760|02|23}} (Raja Sankranti)
| occupation = Poet
| notable_works = Bidagdha Chintamani (kābya)
| style = [[Odissi music]]
| parents = Indrajita Samanta Singhara
| spouse =
}}

'''Abhimanyu Samanta Singhara''' ({{IPA|or|ɔbʱimɔnju saːmɔnt̪ɔsiŋhaːɾɔ|lang|LL-Q33810 (ori)-Sangram Keshari Senapati (Ssgapu22)-ଅଭିମନ୍ୟୁ ସାମନ୍ତସିଂହାର.wav}}; 23 February 1760<ref>{{cite web|title=ABHIMNYU SAMANTA SINGHARA|url=http://orissadiary.com/personality/poet/ABHIMNYU_SAMANTA_SINGHARA%20.asp|publisher=orissadiary|accessdate=23 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004084709/http://orissadiary.com/personality/poet/ABHIMNYU_SAMANTA_SINGHARA%20.asp|archive-date=4 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> – 15 June 1806)<ref>{{cite web|title=ଯାଜପୁର ସଂସ୍କୃତି ବିକାଶ ପରିଷଦ|url=http://www.jajpursanskrutibikashparishad.org/jajur_glance.php|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140503143029/http://www.jajpursanskrutibikashparishad.org/jajur_glance.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 May 2014|accessdate=3 May 2014}}</ref> was an 18th-century [[Odia language|Odia]] poet born in Balia, [[Jajpur]] best known as the writer of the kabya '''Bidagdha Chintamani'''. Abhimanyu was one of the important musician-poets in the tradition of [[Odissi music]] in the 18th century, composing mainly in the ''Chhānda'' style. He has also written many Odia folk songs like Bagha Gita ([[tiger]] song), Chadhei Gita ([[bird]] song). He has written many poems about the love between [[Radha]] and [[Krishna]].

==Life==
He was born in Balia village, Jajpur on 23 February 1760.<ref>{{cite journal|title=EMINENT LITERARY LUMINARIES OF ORISSA |journal=Orissa Reference Annual - 2004 |year=2004 |pages=୨୯୧ |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2004/pdf/eminent_literacy_luminaries_of_orissa.pdf |accessdate=6 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019045142/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2004/pdf/eminent_literacy_luminaries_of_orissa.pdf |archivedate=19 October 2013 }}</ref> Balia village is situated near famous Buddhist place Ratnagiri Mahavihara of Jajpur. His father Indrajita Samanta Singhara had no child. But it is said that Abhimanyu was born due to the worship of a saint, Sadananda Kabisujrya Brahma.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&lpg=PA572&ots=mVz-0zyXt8&dq=abhimanyu%20samanta%20sinhara&pg=PA572#v=onepage&q=abhimanyu%20samanta%20sinhara&f=false|The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume One (A To Devo), Volume 1]</ref> He was the teacher of Abhimanyu. He had written his first poem at the age of 9.

{{Rquote|center|କରମଙ୍ଗା ଗଛ ଛାଇ ଗୋ, 
ମୋର ହୁଁ ଗୋ । 
କରମ ଯାହାର ସଫଳ ହୋଇବ, 
କୃଷ୍ଣଙ୍କୁ ଲଭିବ ସେହି ଗୋ, 
ମୋର ହୁଁ ଗୋ ।| '''ଅଭିମନ୍ୟୁ ସାମନ୍ତସିଂହାର'''}}

{{Rquote|center|Shadow of Starfruit tree, 
You are mine । 
Whose work will be successful, 
He will get Krishna, 
You are mine ।| '''Abhimanyu Samantasinghara'''}}
Abhimanyu employs several dozen ragas in his range of works, employing both well-known and rarer ancient ''ragas'' of the Odissi music tradition. In his magnum opus ''Bidagdha Chintamani'', he uses several ragas for the 98 ''chhānda'' songs, such as ''Chakrakeli, Chokhi, Chinta Kamodi, Bangalasri, Dhanasri, Rasakulya, Sankarabharana, Kalyana Ahari, Kumbha Kamodi, Bibhasa, Kedara Kamodi, Ahari, Bhairaba, Gouri, Ramakeri, Kali, Ghantaraba, Kalyana, Kanada, Kamodi, Baradi, Malaba, Sindhuda, Kedara Gouda, Saranga, Purbi, Ranabije, Lalita Kamodi, Chalaghanta, Kedara, Rasa Kedara, Soka Kamodi, Jayanta Kala, Bichitra Desakhya, Pahadia Kedara, Patamanjari, Malasri, Dhipa, Bhupala, Asabari, Lalita Kedara, Gujjari, Mukhari, Panchama Baradi, Nalinigouda, Kalahansa Kamodi, Mangala, etc.'' Following the ancient music of Odisha, Abhimanyu particularly excels in the usage of ''jugma-ragas'', complex ragas formed by the union of two or more ragas, such as ''Pahadia Kedara, Kalyana Ahari, Bibhasa Kedara,'' etc.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mishra K.C. |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.231008 |title=Makers of Indian literature : Abhimanyu Samanta Simhara |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=1990 |language=en}}</ref>

== Literary works ==
{{Odissi Classical Music sidebar}}
* Bidagdha Chintamani
* Prema (Preeti) Chintamani
* Prema Kala
* Rasabati
* Sulakhyana
* Prema Tarangini
* Bagha Gita
* Chadhei Gita
* Bole Hun

==See also==
* [[List of Indian poets]]
* [[Odissi music]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External references==
* History of Odia literature, Mayadhar Manasingh, Publisher: Grantha Mandira
* Prachina Odia Kabita Sambhara, Editor: Jatindra Mohan Mohanty, Publisher: Subarnarekha, Bhubaneswar
* Utkala Lakshmi, Gangadhar Granthabali(Odia), Das Brothers, Cuttack-Berhampur- Sambalpur, 3rd reprint, 1961
* Fakirmohan Senapatinka Atmacharita (Odia), Edited by Debendra Kumar Dash, National Book Trust, New Delhi, Reprint, 2015, pp-58
{{Odissi music}}{{Odia literature}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1760 births]]
[[Category:1806 deaths]]
[[Category:Poets from Odisha]]
[[Category:People from Jajpur district]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Odia-language poets]]
[[Category:Odissi music composers]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian poets]]

Odhra

2026-02-13T22:51:44Z

Prabhash Sharma:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Odhra (Odrah)
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31.82|N|75.68|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Gram panchayat]]
| governing_body =
| leader_title = Sarpanch
| leader_name = Sukhvinder Kaur
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 240
| population_total = 600
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = 030975 (census code)
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 144205
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 01883
| registration_plate = PB21
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1000: 1000 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website = {{URL|mcdasuya.com}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Odhra''' (also spelled as Odrah) is a village in the [[Dasua]] subdivision of the Hoshiarpur district in Punjab, India.

==Geography==
Odhra is located at {{Coord|31.810269|N|75.693571|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/23/Dasua.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Dasua]</ref> It has an average elevation of 240 metres (787 [[foot (length)|feet]]) from sea level. The village has 108 hectares of area with 128 households. The village has 0% forest coverage and 1% wasteland used for discarding household waste and animal carcasses. Water bodies cover 0.5% of the total land and comprise a natural pond, canal, and seasonal rivulet. The total population of Odhra is 600 people with an equal number of males and females. There are 12% of people under the age of 6 with 53% males and 47% females. The total scheduled caste population is 507 (85%) and the gender ratio is 49% males vs 51% females. Total literates in the village are 79% (82% males and 76% females). In Odhra 5% of the population is below the poverty line according to Indian government guidelines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0304_PART_B_DCHB_HOSHIARPUR.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages, and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

==Administration==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2025}}
A village panchayat consists of an elected sarpanch (head) and five {{Transliteration|hi|italic=no|panchs}} (members) governs Odhra. There are five wards in the village.

== Demographics ==
According to the [[2011 census of India]], Odhra had a population of 600 across 128 households, with a sex ratio of 1,000 females per 1,000 males. Children (aged 0–6) comprised 12% of the population. [[Scheduled Castes]] form the majority at 85% (507 individuals). Literacy rate is 79% overall (82% male, 76% female). The village is governed by a [[gram panchayat]] with five wards, led by sarpanch Sukhvinder Kaur (as of recent records).

== Economy and Infrastructure ==
The economy is agrarian, focused on crops like wheat, rice, and sugarcane. About 5% of residents live below the poverty line. Odhra is connected by metaled roads to nearby villages (e.g., Jhalota, Terkiana) and Dasua (5–7 km away), which provides rail and highway access to cities like Hoshiarpur (46 km), Jalandhar (58 km), and Amritsar (93 km). The postal code is 144205, and the telephone code is 01883.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.mcdasuya.com/index.php MC Dasuya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714055949/http://www.mcdasuya.com/index.php |date=14 July 2011 }}
* [http://www.dasuya.com Dasuya Portal]
* [https://localbodydata.com/gram-panchayat-odhra-13738 Elections Gram Panchayat Odhra]

{{Hoshiarpur district}}

[[Category:Villages in Hoshiarpur district]]

Kanwar Sandhu (basketball)

2026-02-13T21:27:40Z

Prabhash Sharma: Starting Some Info From Scratch

{{Short description|Indian basketball player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
'''Kanwar Sandhu''' (born 30 October 1999) is an Indian basketball player from Punjab.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-02-13 |title=Kanwar Sandhu (India) - Basketball Stats, Height, Age {{!}} FIBA Basketball |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/players/222203-kanwar-sandhu |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=www.fiba.basketball |language=en}}</ref> He plays for the [[India men's national basketball team]] as a shooting guard. He plays for Punjab Warriors and Punjab in the domestic tournaments.

== Career ==
He made his debut for India as a youth player in 2015 when he represented the country in the FIBA Asia U16 Championship for Men.<ref name=":0" /> In 2023, he represented India in the FIBA Basketball World Cup 2023 Asian Qualifiers. In March 2025, he played 8 matches in the FIBA Asia Cup qualifiers at Manama, and in the crucial match against Bahrain, he scored 15 points to help India beat the higher-ranked team, along with Harsh Dagar.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-24 |title=Harsh Dagar shines as India stun Bahrain to confirm Asia Cup berth |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/harsh-dagar-shines-as-india-stun-bahrain-to-confirm-asia-cup-berth/articleshow/119407330.cms |access-date=2026-02-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He went on to play the FIBA Asia Cup in August 2025. He was also part of the Indian team that played the World Cup 2027 Asian Qualifiers.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eurobasket |title=Kanwar Sandhu, Basketball Player, News, Stats - asia-basket |url=https://basketball.asia-basket.com/player/Kanwar-Sandhu/693978 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240516172851/https://basketball.asia-basket.com/player/Kanwar-Sandhu/693978 |archive-date=2024-05-16 |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=Eurobasket LLC}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sandhu, Kanwar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Indian men's basketball players]]
[[Category:Shooting guards]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Meghwal

2026-02-12T14:03:59Z

Prabhash Sharma: fixed issues

#REDIRECT [[Meghwal people]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Sunitha Krishnan

2026-02-04T21:31:03Z

Prabhash Sharma: updated page

{{Short description|Indian social activist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sunitha Krishnan
| image = SunithaKrishnanJI1.jpg
| caption = 
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1972}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schultz |first1=Kai |title=An Indian Activist Faces Down Sex Traffickers |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/07/world/asia/sunitha-krishnan-india-sex-traffickers.html |access-date=2 July 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=7 March 2018}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], India
|spouse=[[Rajesh Touchriver]]<ref name=Hindu2009 />
| alma_mater = [[St. Joseph's College, Bangalore]], Roshini Nilaya
| occupation = Founder of [[Prajwala]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| known_for = Social activism
}}

'''Sunitha Krishnan''' (born 1972) is an Indian [[social activist]] and chief functionary and co-founder of [[Prajwala]], a [[non-governmental organization]] that rescues, rehabilitates and reintegrates sex-trafficked victims into society.<ref name="Ashoka">{{cite web|url=https://www.ashoka.org/node/2645|publisher=Ashoka India|title=Sunitha Krishnan|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062433/https://www.ashoka.org/node/2645|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> She was awarded India's fourth highest civilian award the [[Padma Shri]] in 2016.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/current-affairs/260116/laxma-goud-gets-long-overdue-padma.html | title=Laxma Goud gets long-overdue Padma | publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]] | date=26 January 2016}}</ref>

==Early life==
Krishnan was born in [[Bangalore]], to [[Palakkad]] [[Malayalam|Malayali]] parents Raju Krishnan and Nalini Krishnan.<ref name=Hindu2009>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/07/30/stories/2009073050560100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613052135/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/07/30/stories/2009073050560100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 June 2011|title=Keeping hope alive Real-life hero|date=30 July 2009 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]| access-date=10 July 2016 }}</ref> She saw most of the country early on while traveling from one place to another with her father, who worked with the Department of Survey which makes maps for the entire country.<ref name="Ashoka" />

Krishnan's passion for [[social work]] became manifested when, at the age of eight years, she started teaching dance to mentally challenged children.<ref name=Hindu2011>{{Cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/she-sets-the-bonded-free/article2308291.ece |newspaper= The Hindu |title= She sets the bonded free| first=Sonam | last=Jain | date=30 July 2011 |access-date=10 July 2016 }}</ref> By the age of twelve, she was running schools in slums for underprivileged children.<ref name=Hindu2011 /> At the age of fifteen, while working on a neo-literacy campaign for the [[Dalit]] community, Krishnan was [[gang rape]]d by eight men.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lcahouston.com/2011/04/the-ugly-truth-has-a-disha-hope|publisher=Houston South Asian Lifestyle Society News |title=The Ugly Truth: Has A Disha (Hope)|access-date=2011-04-08|date=2011-04-08 }}</ref> They did not like that a woman was interfering with what they claimed as “man’s society.” They beat her so badly that she is partially deaf in one ear. This incident served as the impetus for what she does today.<ref name="Herald 283">{{cite web|url= http://www.heraldofindia.com/achiever.php?id=283|publisher= The Herald of India|title= Woman of Steel|date= 2 December 2022}}{{deadlink|date= April 2025}}</ref>

Krishnan studied in Central Government Schools in Bangalore and Bhutan. After obtaining a bachelor's degree in environmental sciences from St. Joseph's College in [[Bangalore]], Krishnan completed her MSW (medical and psychiatric) at the [[School of Social Work Roshni Nilaya]], [[Mangalore]].<ref name="Herald 283" />

==Career==

Krishnan decided to move to [[Hyderabad]], to join PIN as the Coordinator for the program for young women. Krishnan soon became involved with the housing problems of slum dwellers. When the homes of people living by the city's Musi River were slated to be bulldozed for a "beautification" project, she joined the housing rights campaign of PIN, organized protests and stalled the scheme.It was in Hyderabad that she met Brother Jose Vetticatil, who was then Director of Boys’ Town, a Catholic Institution run by the Montfort Brothers of St. Gabriel, that rehabilitated and trained young people at risk by providing them vocational skills that fetched them handsome jobs in India and abroad<ref name=Hindu2009 /><ref name="Reader’s Digest Asia">{{cite web|url=http://www.rdasia.com/india-sex-industry|publisher=Reader’s Digest Asia|title=India's Sex Industry: She saves the innocent and pursues the guilty|access-date=2010-09-14|archive-date=22 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822210749/http://www.rdasia.com/india-sex-industry|url-status=dead}}</ref> This was in 1996.

===Prajwala===
In 1996, sex workers living in Mehboob ki Mehandi, a red light area in Hyderabad, were evacuated. As a result, thousands of women, who were caught in the clutches of prostitution, were left homeless. Having found a like-minded person in Brother Jose Vetticatil, a missionary, Krishnan started a transition school at the vacated brothel to prevent the second generation from being trafficked.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/hyderabad-activist-enables-sex-workers-start-life-afresh-107092501105_1.html|title= Hyderabad activist enables sex workers start life afresh |journal= Business Standard India|access-date=2007-09-25| date=2007-09-24| last1=Kanth| first1=K. Rajani}}</ref> In its early years, Krishnan had to sell her jewelry and even most of her household utensils to make ends meet at Prajwala.<ref name="Reader’s Digest Asia"/>

Today, Prajwala stands upon five pillars: prevention, rescue, rehabilitation, reintegration and advocacy. The organization extends moral, financial, legal and social support to victims and ensures that perpetrators are brought to justice.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Minor-girls-rescue-effort-begins-in-Kerala-with-launch-of-Nirbhaya/articleshow/10408595.cms?referral=PM|work=The Times of India|title=Minor girls rescue effort begins in Kerala with launch of Nirbhaya|date=19 October 2011 |access-date=2011-10-19}}</ref> To date, Prajwala has rescued, rehabilitated, or served over 28,600 survivors of sex trafficking,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/Nerves-of-steel/2013/09/22/article1793955.ece#.UyAnHj-SzXR| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925050943/http://newindianexpress.com/magazine/Nerves-of-steel/2013/09/22/article1793955.ece#.UyAnHj-SzXR| url-status=dead| archive-date=25 September 2013|publisher=The New Indian Express|title= Nerves of Steel|access-date=2013-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20130304-shes-every-woman-762151-2013-02-19|publisher= India Today|title=She's Every Woman|date= 20 February 2013|access-date=2013-02-20}}</ref> and the scale of their operations makes them the largest anti-trafficking shelter in the world.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.vitalvoices.org/node/3471| publisher=Vital Voices| title=Translating Anger to Action to End Violence Against Women in India| year=2013| access-date=2 May 2014| archive-date=16 March 2014| archive-url=https://archive.today/20140316104014/http://www.vitalvoices.org/node/3471| url-status=dead}}</ref>

<blockquote>The warehouse of energy and optimism that she is, Ms. Krishnan's enthusiasm easily rubs off on those around her as well. As a former co-worker, says, "Working with Sunitha is like a constant learning experience, with her constantly throwing challenges, urging staff to tap their potential. She not only monitors but also mentors her staff in all spheres of work and life. Her undying hope, passion, relentless struggle to reach goals set for herself and for Prajwala (actually synonymous) inspires the team to stay focused on the cause too."<ref name=Hindu2011 /></blockquote>

The organization's "second-generation" prevention program operates in 17 transition centers and has helped prevent thousands of children of prostituted mothers from entering the flesh trade.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2007/01/05/january-5-2007-sunitha-krishnan/3767/|publisher=PBS Religion and Ethics Newsweekly|title=Sunitha Krishnan, episode no 1019 |access-date=2007-01-05|date=2007-01-05}}</ref> Prajwala also operates a shelter home for rescued children and adult victims of sex trafficking, many of whom are HIV positive.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YziMgRL8UZM |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/YziMgRL8UZM |archive-date=2021-12-20 |url-status=live|title=A Home Away From Home - Prajwala Therapeutic Community|website=[[YouTube]] |date=5 August 2011 |access-date=2011-08-05}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Krishnan not only leads these interventions, but has also spearheaded an economic rehabilitation program which trains survivors in carpentry, welding, printing, masonry and housekeeping.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2009/06/20090609155714ajesrom4.254657e-02.html#axzz2vdhun5SR|publisher=United States Embassy – IIP Digital|title=Innovative Activists Save Trafficking Victims in Jordan and India|access-date=2009-06-16}}</ref>

Prajwala has over 200 employees, but Krishnan runs the organization as a full-time volunteer—a decision she took very early in her life. She supports herself, with help from her husband, by writing books and giving speeches and seminars on trafficking worldwide.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2010/03/03/the-sex-slave-rescuer.html|title=The Sex-Slave Rescuer|journal=The Daily Beast|access-date=2010-03-03| date=2010-03-03| last1=Goldberg| first1=Michelle}}</ref> She is married to [[Rajesh Touchriver|Mr. Rajesh Touchriver]], an Indian filmmaker, art director and scriptwriter, who has made several films in collaboration with Prajwala. One of the films, ''Anamika'', is now a part of the curricula of the National Police Academy,<ref name=Hindu2009 /> while another ''[[Naa Bangaaru Talli]]'' won 3 National Awards in 2014.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140417/entertainment-tollywood/article/naa-bangaru-talli-bags-3-awards|publisher= The Deccan Chronicle|title= Naa Bangaru Talli Bags 3 Awards |access-date=2014-04-14|date= 2014-04-17}}</ref>

===Social policy===

In 2003, Krishnan drafted recommendations for rehabilitation of victims of sex trafficking in Andhra Pradesh, which were passed by the State Government as a Policy for Rescue & Rehabilitation of Victims of Trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation vide GO MS 1.<ref>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xFnEyqFupUC|publisher=Orient Blackswan|title=Trafficking in Women and Children in India|access-date=2005-01-01|isbn=9788125028451|year=2005}}</ref>

Ms. Krishnan was appointed as advisor for the Government of Kerala's Nirbhaya policy for Women and Children to fight sexual violence and trafficking in 2011. The scheme, which was originally drafted by Krishnan, is coordinated by various government departments like social welfare, SC/ST, police, health, labor and local self-government in collaboration with NGOs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keralawomen.gov.in/index.php/headlines/270-sunitha-krishnan-advisor-for-kerala-women-s-project-1|publisher=Kerala Women|title=Sunitha Krishnan: Advisor for Kerala women's Project|access-date=2013-01-21|archive-date=3 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003134023/http://www.keralawomen.gov.in/index.php/headlines/270-sunitha-krishnan-advisor-for-kerala-women-s-project-1|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, she resigned from this advisory position on 4 August 2014, expressing anguish and frustration at the lack of political will to implement the Nirbhaya policy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/Nirbhaya-project-adviser-Sunitha-Krishnan-resigns/articleshow/39667075.cms|work=The Times of India|title=Nirbhaya project adviser Sunitha Krishnan resigns|year=2014}}</ref> In March 2015, in a "move of repentance" the government re-inducted Sunitha Krishnan back to its Nirbhaya scheme by giving her more decision-making power through the role of Honorary Director.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Sunitha-Krishnan-Reinducted/2015/03/15/article2713927.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128220503/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Sunitha-Krishnan-Reinducted/2015/03/15/article2713927.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 November 2015|publisher=The New Indian Express|title=Sunitha Krishnan Reinducted|year=2015}}</ref>

In the United States, Ms. Krishnan has met auditoriums full of students in order to raise awareness, warn them against getting involved in the industry and inspire new activism.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=34b15b208f46187a371ddda12eca34b9|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070927175234/http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=34b15b208f46187a371ddda12eca34b9|url-status= usurped|archive-date= 27 September 2007|publisher= New American Media|title=Indian Activist Warns Teens About Sex Trafficking |access-date=2006-12-27}}</ref> Not only did she spearhead the first ever Statewide Campaign against Sex Trafficking targeting adolescent girls in collaboration with the State government and various international funding agencies, but she also launched the Men Against Demand campaign with the slogan "Real Men Don’t Buy Sex" which has reached 1.8 billion people worldwide.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.vitalvoices.org/node/3471| publisher= Vital Voices| title= Translating Anger to Action to End Violence Against Women in India| year= 2013| access-date= 2 May 2014| archive-date= 16 March 2014| archive-url= https://archive.today/20140316104014/http://www.vitalvoices.org/node/3471| url-status= dead}}</ref>

She was also appointed as a member of the Andhra Pradesh State Women's Commission<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/defunct-andhra-pradesh-women-s-commission-reconstituted-374843|publisher= NDTV|title= Defunct Andhra Pradesh Women's Commission Reconstituted|access-date=2013-06-03}}</ref> and contributed to India's new Bill on Rape, which was passed in Parliament in 2013<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.tehelka.com/why-even-rapists-deserve-due-process/?singlepage=1|publisher= Tehelka|title= Why Even Rapists Deserve Due Process|access-date= 2013-01-26|archive-date= 16 March 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140316141318/http://www.tehelka.com/why-even-rapists-deserve-due-process/?singlepage=1|url-status= dead}}</ref> to increase punitive measures for sexual violence and assault.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.karmayog.in/nl/sites/default/files/Jan14/Prajwala%20Newsletter%20-%20December%202013.pdf|publisher= Karmayog|title= Prajwala: December 2013 Monthly Newsletter|year= 2013|access-date= 2 May 2014|archive-date= 8 May 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160508100902/http://www.karmayog.in/nl/sites/default/files/Jan14/Prajwala%20Newsletter%20-%20December%202013.pdf|url-status= dead}}</ref>

===Legal advocacy===

With personal experience in many raids, Krishnan has realized that without a meaningful state policy, no amount of social work or activism at the micro-level is enough to be helpful. She therefore goes about her task forging partnerships with various police departments, especially Women Protection Cell, the Anti Human Trafficking Unit.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/article1237403.ece?service=print| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316141814/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/article1237403.ece?service=print| url-status=dead| archive-date=16 March 2014|publisher= The New Indian Express |title= State CID rescues 10 women from Mumbai brothel |access-date=2012-09-21}}</ref> Krishnan started the first ever Crises Counseling Centre in Afzalgunj Police Station–a pilot project for Police-NGO collaboration to intercept sex trafficking. She has persuaded the [[Andhra Pradesh]] government to work with her in cracking down on this organized crime and helped secure the conviction of more than 150 traffickers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rdasia.com/india-sex-industry|publisher=Reader’s Digest Asia|title=India's Sex Industry: She saves the innocent and pursues the guilty|access-date=2010-09-14|archive-date=22 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822210749/http://www.rdasia.com/india-sex-industry|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Krishnan has also conducted sensitization workshops for thousands of senior police officers, judges, prosecutors and Child Welfare Committee members<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/childfriendly-courts-needed/article3980186.ece|title= Child-Friendly Courts Needed|journal= The Hindu|access-date=2012-10-09| date=2012-10-08| author=Staff Reporter}}</ref> to equip them with the requisite understanding and skills to effectively handle cases of human trafficking and advocate for child-friendly courts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/2012/10/3/225-Delhi-Police-organized-workshop-on-human-trafficking.html|publisher= News Track India|title= Delhi Police organized workshop on human trafficking|access-date=2013-10-03}}</ref> As a result, police personnel ranking from Superintendents to Sub Inspectors have been trained on how to combat the crime<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/workshop-to-discuss-how-to-combat-human-trafficking/article2486277.ece|title=Workshop to discuss how to combat human trafficking|journal= The Hindu|access-date=2011-09-26| date=2011-09-25| author=Staff Reporter}}</ref> and address the psycho-social needs of victims during and after rescue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://policewala.in/article-detail.php?ArticleID=n2NgnQ%3D%3D&CategoryID|publisher= Police Wala News|title= Workshop on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings|year=2012}}</ref>

In 2015, after the #ShameTheRapist campaign, the landlord gave an ultimatum to shift her Falaknuma, Hyderabad-based Economic Rehabilitation Unit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prajwalaindia.com/milestone.html|title=Prajwala - Milestones|website=www.prajwalaindia.com|access-date=2019-06-05}}</ref> With limited time and resources available, Krishnan chose to crowdfund the funding gap required to relocate to her new facility. She crowdfunded over $225000 on crowdfunding platform called goCrowdera.com<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gocrowdera.com/Securing-Prajwala--An-Anti-Trafficking-Intervention/|title=Securing Prajwala- An Anti-Trafficking Intervention by Friends of Prajwala|website=GoCrowdera|language=en|access-date=2019-06-05}}</ref> to bridge the funding gap and to build an Emergency Shelter for the rescued victims.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://inc42.com/startups/crowdera-this-crowdfunding-platform-is-creating-a-giving-economy|title=Crowdera Is Helping Humanitarians Crowdsource Funds For Social Impact Projects|date=2018-08-20|website=Inc42 Media|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-05}}</ref>

===Media outreach===

In 2009, Krishnan gave a speech during an official [[TED (conference)|TED India]] conference about the cause of human trafficking at Infosys Campus, Mysore, which has since inspired over 2.5 million viewers globally.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ted.com/talks/sunitha_krishnan_the_fight_against_sex_slavery|publisher=TED India|title=Sunitha Krishnan: The Fight Against Sex Slavery|date=7 December 2009 }}</ref>

<blockquote>"She brought the house down in Mysore today. And by that, I mean that she broke hearts and moved people to action. The audience listened painfully to some of the stories of the more than 3,200 girls she has rescued, girls who had endured unimaginable torture and yet, somehow, nevertheless found the will to heal and thrive… Her strong voice and powerful body language ensured that no one could claim to have misunderstood her points."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shambhalasun.com/sunspace/?p=12988|publisher=Shabala Sun|title=The Spark of Unbearable Compassion|access-date=2009-11-07|date=2009-11-07|archive-date=17 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091117181704/http://www.shambhalasun.com/sunspace/?p=12988|url-status=dead}}</ref></blockquote>

Her July 2012 appearance on [[Aamir Khan]]’s television show ''[[Satyamev Jayate (TV series)|Satyamev Jayate]]'' was instrumental in not only garnering huge funds but also networking with business owners willing to provide job placements for survivors.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.satyamevjayate.in/the-idea-of-india/rebuilding-lives.aspx|publisher= Satyamev Jayate|title=Rebuilding Lives: Prajwala begins the construction of a new life-skills Center|year=2013}}</ref> She also appeared on ''test open at Open Heart with RK'' which reached out to millions of Telugu viewers across the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xX6dtznIN_8|publisher=YouTube|title=Prajwala Founder Sunitha Krishnan Open Heart With RK Part 1}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022}}</ref> In addition, Krishnan sensitized over 3,000 corporate houses through the INK<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.inktalks.com/discover/185/sunitha-krishnan-a-year-after-tedindia|publisher= INK Talks|title= Sunitha Krishnan: A year after TEDIndia #INKtalks|year= 2011|access-date= 2 May 2014|archive-date= 16 March 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140316141848/http://www.inktalks.com/discover/185/sunitha-krishnan-a-year-after-tedindia|url-status= dead}}</ref> and [[TiE|The Indus Entrepreneurs (TiE)]] conferences, which made a deep impact on the attendees.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://entrepreneurindia.in/thebuzz/specialreport/women-social-entrepreneurs-inspire-attendees-at-tiecon-delhi-2012/15723/|publisher= INK Talks|title= Women social entrepreneurs inspire attendees at TiEcon Delhi 2012|access-date= 2012-10-09|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121026001137/http://entrepreneurindia.in/thebuzz/specialreport/women-social-entrepreneurs-inspire-attendees-at-tiecon-delhi-2012/15723/|archive-date= 26 October 2012|df= dmy-all}}</ref>

===Film making===

Early in her career, Krishnan forayed into film making as a tool for advocacy. She conceptualized and scripted 14 documentary films on socially relevant issues such as youth and HIV/AIDS, Sheikh marriages, incest, prostitution, sex trafficking, communal riots, among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prajwalaindia.com/prajwala-films.html|publisher= Prajwala|title=Prajwala's Films}}</ref> Some of the films she has helped develop and co-produce include:

* ''Mein Aur Meri Sanchaien'' (Hindi)<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article37715.ece
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503042957/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article37715.ece
| url-status=dead
| archive-date=3 May 2014
|publisher= The New Indian Express|title=Prajwala's short films on trafficking|access-date=2009-02-18}}</ref>
* ''Needalu: An Insider’s view into the World’s Largest Criminal Enterprise''<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.hindu.com/lf/2005/02/16/stories/2005021603160200.htm|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140316142512/http://www.hindu.com/lf/2005/02/16/stories/2005021603160200.htm|url-status= dead|archive-date= 2014-03-16|work= [[The Hindu]]|title=For A Better Future|year=2009}}</ref>
* ''The Man, His Mission'' (20 mins, Hindi)
* ''Bhagnagar'' (10 mins, Hindi)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/06/29/stories/2004062900410400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041126191306/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/06/29/stories/2004062900410400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2004-11-26 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Grim Reality|year=2004}}</ref>
* ''On Freedom and Fear'' (30 mins, Telugu, English)
* ''The Sacred Face''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/speaking-up-against-the-unspeakable/article2287124.ece|title= Speaking Up Against the Unspeakable|journal= The Hindu|access-date=2011-07-23|date=2011-07-22|last1=Basheer|first1=K. p m.}}</ref>
* ''Me & Us'' (23 mins, English)
* ''Astha – An Ode to Life'' (25 mins, English)<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/27/stories/2005082718320200.htm | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060218214545/http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/27/stories/2005082718320200.htm | url-status= dead | archive-date= 2006-02-18 | work= [[The Hindu]] |title=A shot at the bigger picture|year=2005}}</ref>
* ''A Chance to Live'' (25 mins, English)
* ''Anamika–The Nameless'' (28 mins, Telugu, Hindi)
* ''Building Bridges''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.justgiving.com/project/1777057|publisher=Just Giving|title= A New Home for Victims of Sex Trafficking in India}}</ref>
* ''Aparajita''
* ''[[Naa Bangaaru Talli]]'' (4 National awards)

The 2005 documentary ''Anamika—The Nameless''<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.hindu.com/lf/2005/02/16/stories/2005021603160200.htm| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140316142512/http://www.hindu.com/lf/2005/02/16/stories/2005021603160200.htm| url-status= dead| archive-date= 2014-03-16| work= [[The Hindu]]|title=A Touching Depiction|year=2005}}</ref> won the AC award under "Best Foreign Award" category, Best Editing from Festival Cine de Granada and Best Documentary Film Award at the [[Hyderabad International Film Festival|HIFF]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/01/10/anamika-wins-best-film-award-in-non-fiction-category-1199982764.html|publisher=One India News|title=Anamika Wins Best Film Award in Non-Fiction Category|access-date=2008-01-10|date=2008-01-10|archive-date=16 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316141615/http://news.oneindia.in/2008/01/10/anamika-wins-best-film-award-in-non-fiction-category-1199982764.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Prajwala's shockingly vivid film ''The Sacred Face'' also broke the silence about the horrors of [[incest]] among high-level officials in Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite news|url= http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/16/stories/2008031657550200.htm|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080319231846/http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/16/stories/2008031657550200.htm|url-status= dead|archive-date= 2008-03-19|title=Documentary on incest shocks viewers|access-date=2009-07-30|journal= [[The Hindu]]|date= 2008-03-15}}</ref>

In January 2013, Ms. Krishnan in collaboration with Suntouch Productions launched a bilingual feature film on sex trafficking titled ''Ente'' in Malayalam and ''[[Naa Bangaaru Talli]]'' in Telugu. ''Naa Bangaru Talli'' has won 5 international awards in 2013,<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20131104-i-mortgaged-my-apartment-to-produce-this-film-says-rajesh-touchriver-768252-2013-10-24|publisher= India Today|title= I mortgaged my apartment to produce this film|date= 25 October 2013|access-date=2013-10-25}}</ref> including Best Feature Film Award at Trinity International Film Festival, USA and Award of Excellence from IFFCRM, Indonesia.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-story-of-naa-bangaru-talli-is-quite-shocking-south/20140310.htm|publisher= Rediff Online News|title=The story of Naa Bangaru Talli is quite shocking.|access-date=2014-03-10}}</ref> It then won 3 awards at the 61st National Film awards in New Delhi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/It%E2%80%99s-a-Hat-Trick-for-Touch-River/2014/04/18/article2175318.ece1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425072930/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/It%E2%80%99s-a-Hat-Trick-for-Touch-River/2014/04/18/article2175318.ece1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 April 2014 |publisher= The New Indian Express|title= It's A Hat Trick for Touch River|access-date=2014-04-18}}</ref> and was screened at the 4th Beijing International Film Festival, 2014.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.alllightsfilmmagazine.com/filmosphere/movies-more/news/940-naa-bangaru-thalli-heads-to-beijing-international-film-festival|publisher= All Lights Film Magazine|title=Naa Bangaru Talli Heads to Beijing International Film Festival|year=2014}}</ref>

===Research and publications===

In 2002, Krishnan and Bro Jose Vetticatil conducted an action research and publication of a document entitled ''The Shattered Innocence'' on inter-state trafficking from Andhra Pradesh to other states, revealing the reality and magnitude of the crime along with a demographic profile of vulnerable communities.<ref>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h_TD24H4troC|publisher=Socio Legal Information Cent|title= Trafficking and the Law|year=2011|isbn=9788189479756}}</ref> Upon submitting this report to the government, a state-level consultation on the need for a multi-sectoral approach to address the issue emerged.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.ucanews.com/story-archive/?post_name=/2002/10/24/church-study-documents-plight-of-trafficked-women-of-andhra-pradesh&post_id=21513 |publisher= UCA News|title= Church Study Documents Plight of Trafficked Women of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=2002-10-24}}</ref>

Other books she has published include:<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.prajwalaindia.com/prajwala-publications.html|publisher=Prajwala|title=Publications}}</ref>

* Caregiver's Manual on Sex Trafficking: A guide to creating a healing space to restore dignity for victims
* From Despair to Hope: A Handbook for HIV/AIDS Counselors
* Living Positively: A series of 8 resource guides for barefoot HIV counselors on community-based care & support
* Handbook for Anti-Trafficking Partners of Andhra Pradesh: A State Resource Directory of Service Providers

==Threats and attacks==
Krishnan has been physically assaulted 14 times and she receives regular [[death threat]]s.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/138840/she-battles-on.html|publisher= The Deccan Herald |title= She battles on|date= 2011-02-18 }}</ref> She says that a Sumo van once deliberately rammed her auto [[rickshaw]], but she escaped serious injury. She was again fortunate to escape injury when [[acid]] was once flung at her. Good fortune saved her a third time when she was the target of a poisoning attempt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rdasia.com/india-sex-industry|publisher=Reader’s Digest Asia|title=India's Sex Industry: She saves the innocent and pursues the guilty|access-date=2010-09-14|archive-date=22 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822210749/http://www.rdasia.com/india-sex-industry|url-status=dead}}</ref> Krishnan says that these assaults have only steeled her resolve to carry on her crusade against human trafficking.<ref name="Herald 283" />

In 2012, an [[Right to Information Act|RTI]] activist led an attack on one of Prajwala's transition centers in Kalapather. A mob of young Muslims with posters and printouts of Prajwala's website staged a [[dharna]] in front of its school. The media picked up the story, presenting one-sided information, insinuating that Prajwala had been defaming Muslim women in order to access foreign funds. Hundreds of Muslims came to attack the centre with swords, chains and stones. Their leader declared loudly that he would kill Krishnan and "cut her into pieces". He also threatened to close all her other centers.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://news.fullhyderabad.com/hyderabad-news/sunitha-krishnan-prajwala-founder-forced-to-shut-down-rehabilitation-centre-6072.html|title=Sunitha Krishnan Forced To Retreat|access-date=2012-02-13}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==

===2016-2018===
* [[The Times Group|India Times]] listed Krishnan as one of the 11 Human Rights Activists Whose Life Mission Is To Provide Others With A Dignified Life<ref>{{cite web|last1=Anjali Bisaria|title=11 Human Rights Activists Whose Life Mission Is To Provide Others With A Dignified Life/|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/11-human-rights-activists-whose-life-mission-is-to-provide-others-with-a-dignified-life-329273.html|website=Indiatimes.com|date=7 September 2017 }}</ref>
* [[Padma Shri]] in the field of [[Social Work]], 2016.
* Inaugural Sri Sathya Sai Award for Human Excellence, 2016.
*Tallberg Global Leadership Prize
*Franco-German Award For Human Rights & Rule of law

===2013-2015===
* 24th Yudhvir Foundation Memorial Award, 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/sunitha-krishnan-to-get-yudhvir-foundation-award/article7137701.ece|title=Sunitha Krishnan to get Yudhvir Foundation Award|journal=The Hindu|year=2015|last1=Reddy|first1=Ravi}}</ref>
* [[Mother Teresa Awards]] for Social Justice, 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mother Teresa Memorial International Award for Social Justice held on Sunday|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mother-teresa-memorial-international-award-for-social-justice-held-on-sunday-2033914|access-date=14 December 2014|work=dna|publisher=Diligent Media Corporation Ltd.|date=11 November 2014}}</ref>
* [[CIVICUS]] Innovation Award, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://civicus.org/awards/#/viewfinal|publisher=CIVICUS|title=2014 Nelson Mandela - Graça Machel Innovation Awards|year=2014|access-date=26 January 2015|archive-date=27 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427051410/http://www.civicus.org/awards/#/viewfinal|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Kairali Ananthapuri Award, Muscat, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Oman/Renowned-Indian-social-activist-to-inaugurate-community-festival-34so|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140512114901/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Oman/Renowned-Indian-social-activist-to-inaugurate-community-festival-34so|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 May 2014|work=BBC News|title=Renowned Indian Social Activist To Inaugurate Community Festival|year=2014}}</ref>
* People of the Year award from LIMCA Book of Records, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.limcabookofrecords.in/peopleoftheyear/26.aspx|publisher=LIMCA Book of Records|title=People of the Year 2014|year=2014|access-date=2 May 2014|archive-date=19 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119055206/http://www.limcabookofrecords.in/peopleoftheyear/26.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Woman of Substance Award, Rotary Club Mumbai, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sites.google.com/site/rotarymni/rotary-news-update|publisher=Rotary Club of Mumbai|title=Rotary News Update|year=2013|access-date=2 May 2014|archive-date=21 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421011948/https://www.sites.google.com/site/rotarymni/rotary-news-update|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Anita Parekh Award For Women's Empowerment, Rotary Club Mumbai, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rotaryclubofbombay.org/images/030813072802-08-13The_gatwaylow_res.pdf|publisher=Rotary Club of Mumbai|title=The Gateway|year=2013|access-date=2 May 2014|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235552/http://www.rotaryclubofbombay.org/images/030813072802-08-13The_gatwaylow_res.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Rotary Social Consciousness Award & Paul Harris Fellowship, Rotary Club Mumbai, 2013.
* Godfrey Phillips National Amodini Award, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8qIs9CG3e4 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/v8qIs9CG3e4 |archive-date=2021-12-20 |url-status=live|title= Sunitha Krishnan: National Bravery Award 2013|website=[[YouTube]] |date=8 May 2013 |access-date=2013-05-08}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* Living Legends Award from Human Symphony Foundation, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.humansymphonyfoundation.org/Awards_Bios/Krishnan-bio.htm|publisher=Human Symphony Foundation|title=Living Legend Award 2013|year=2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316140150/http://www.humansymphonyfoundation.org/Awards_Bios/Krishnan-bio.htm|archive-date=16 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* Mahila Thilakam Award, Government of Kerala, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prajwalaindia.com/images/downloads/Annual%20Report%20-%202012-2013.pdf |publisher=Prajwala|title= Prajwala Annual Report 2012-2013|year=2013}}</ref>
* [[The DVF Awards|DVF]] Exemplary Woman Award, Dianne Von Furstenberg Foundation, 2013.
* Outstanding Woman Award, National Commission for Women, 2013.

===2011-2012===

* Akrithi Woman of the Year, Rotary Club Coimbatore, 2012.
* IRDS Safdar Hashmi award for Human Rights, 2012.
* Women in Excellence Award, SHE Foundation, 2012.
* Outstanding Social Work Award, Government of Kerala, 2012.
* [[John Jay College of Criminal Justice]] International Leadership Award, New York, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nycaribnews.com/news.php?viewStory=1029|publisher=John Jay College of Criminal Justice|title=John Jay College Justice Awards 2011|year=2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125172147/http://nycaribnews.com/news.php?viewStory=1029|archive-date=25 November 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* N Joseph Mundaserry Award for Outstanding Social Work, Qatar, 2011.
* Aakruthi Woman of the Year Award, Rotary International, 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/call-for-mind-shift-to-rehabilitate-those-forced-into-commercial-sex/article1709293.ece|title=Call for mind shift to rehabilitate those forced into commercial sex|journal=The Hindu|year=2011|author=Staff Reporter}}</ref>
* G8 Woman Award, Colors TV, 2011.
* [[Indiavision]] Person of the Year Award, Indiavision TV Channel, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-12-30/news/30573112_1_prize-money-rescue-girls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502212241/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-12-30/news/30573112_1_prize-money-rescue-girls|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2014|publisher= The Economic Times|title=Sunitha Krishnan Declared Indiavision Person of the Year|access-date=2012-12-30}}</ref>
* Human Rights Award, [[Vital Voices|Vital Voices Global Partnership]], Washington DC, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGvFLJLwRcc |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/PGvFLJLwRcc |archive-date=2021-12-20 |url-status=live|title=Sunitha Krishnan Receives Vital Voices Human Rights Award|website=[[YouTube]] |year=2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* [[Garshom Awards|Garshom Pravasi Vanitha Award]] 2011, Kuwait <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article386921.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304222800/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article386921.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 March 2016 | title=Garshom awards announced}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.garshom.com/award_2010.html | title=Garshom International Awards}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/NRIs-in-Kuwait-receive-prestigious-award/articleshow/8662839.cms | title=NRIs in Kuwait receive prestigious award - Times of India| newspaper=The Times of India| date=31 May 2011}}</ref>

===2002-2010===

* Tejaswini Award, FICCI, 2010.
* Kelvinator Woman Power Award, Colors TV, 2010.
* Gangadhar Humanitarian Award, Kerala, 2010.
* Vanitha Women of the Year, [[Malayala Manorama|Manorama]] Publications, 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article186558.ece?service=print|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080606/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article186558.ece?service=print|url-status= dead|archive-date= 4 March 2016|publisher= The New Indian Express|title= Vanitha Woman of the Year award for Sunitha|access-date=2010-07-25}}</ref>
* Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report Heroes from [[United States Department of State|US Department of State]], 2009.
* CNN-IBN Real Hero Award, Reliance Foundation, 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://realheroes.com/sunita-krishnan.php|publisher=Reliance Foundation|title=Real Heroes Award 2008|year=2008|access-date=2 May 2014|archive-date=13 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213043347/http://www.realheroes.com/sunita-krishnan.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Perdita Huston International Award for Human Rights, United Nations of Capital Hill, Washington DC, 2006.
* Citation from Governor of Andhra Pradesh for Contribution to Women's Empowerment, 2004.
* Stree Shakti Puraskar, Government of India, 2003.
* [[Ashoka: Innovators for the Public|Ashoka Fellowship]], 2002.<ref name="Ashoka" />

Malayalam movie director Vineeth Sreenivasan was inspired by her life while developing the story of his latest movie ''[[Thira (film)|Thira]]''.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Yes-Thira-is-inspired-Vineeth-Sreenivasan/articleshow/26196411.cms|newspaper= Times of India|title= Yes ,Thira is inspired|access-date=2013-11-22|last1= Pillai|first1= Radhika C.}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sunitha Krishnan}}
* [http://www.prajwalaindia.com Prajwala home page]
* [http://sunithakrishnan.blogspot.com Sunitha Krishnan's blog]
* {{TED speaker}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Social Work}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnan, Sunitha}}
[[Category:St. Joseph's College, Bangalore alumni]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work]]
[[Category:Indian women's rights activists]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Activists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:People from Palakkad district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:Indian children's rights activists]]
[[Category:Women scientists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Scientists from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian medical researchers]]
[[Category:Indian medical writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Writers from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Educators from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Women educators from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Social workers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Garshom Awardees]]
[[Category:Date of birth missing (living people)]]

Ravi Sah

2026-01-18T18:22:08Z

Prabhash Sharma: Put up the article needs work

{{short description|Indian film actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ravi Sah
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Purnia]], [[Bihar]]
| occupation = Film Actor
}}

'''Ravi Sah''' also known as Ravi Bhushan Bhartiya is an Indian actor. He is a graduate of the [[Film and Television Institute of India]] (FTII) and he is most known for his role as Balram Singh in ''[[Paan Singh Tomar (film)|Paan Singh Tomar]]''.

==Early life==
Ravi Sah was born and brought up in [[Purnia]], [[Bihar]]. He is educated at the [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya]], Purnia. He has done his graduation in journalism from [[Makhanlal Chaturvedi National University of Journalism and Communication|Makhan Lal Chaturvedi Journalism Institute]], Bhopal. He is a graduate of the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/whatever-little-i-have-accomplished-has-years-of-hard-work-behind-it-says-ravi-sah/story-ofXixrzjQ0mhbzHNAMs8tO.html|title=Whatever little I have accomplished has years of hard work behind it, says Ravi Sah |date=11 Aug 2020 |author=S Farah Rizvi |access-date=8 Oct 2021}}</ref>

==Film career==
Ravi started his acting journey as a theatre artist. He worked in theatre for more than 5 years with [[Ram Gopal Bajaj]], [[Habib Tanveer|Late Habib Tanveer]], [[Alok Chatterjee]] & Late Alakhnandan. Have been associated with [[Indian People's Theatre Association]] (IPTA).

==Filmography==

{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
*''All films are in Hindi unless otherwise noted.''

===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
|2010||''[[Soch Lo]]''|| Shabbie Cop || Debut [[Hindi]] film
|-
|2011||''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]''|| Dharmesh||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2012||''[[Paan Singh Tomar (film)|Paan Singh Tomar]]''<ref name=":1">{{cite news |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2020/aug/06/actor-ravi-sah-talks-about-working-with-nawazuddin-siddique-eight-years-after-paan-singh-tomar-27100.html|title=Actor Ravi Sah talks about working with Nawazuddin Siddique eight years after Paan Singh Tomar |date=6 Aug 2020 |author=Sharmistha Ghosal |access-date=8 Oct 2021}}</ref>|| Balram Singh Tomar ||
|-
| ''[[Filmistaan]]'' ||Haafiz
|
|-
|''[[Dabangg 2]]''|| Shrey ||
|-
|2015
|''Partu''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/partu-is-all-about-unusual-content/articleshow/49960332.cms|title=
'Partu' is all about unusual content|date=13 January 2017 |author=Vinita Chaturvedi |access-date=8 Oct 2021}}</ref>
|Behru Singh || Debut [[Marathi language|Marathi]] film

|-
|rowspan=2|2018
|''[[Phamous]]''
|Rajendra
|-
|''Life of an Outcast''
|Schoolteacher's Father
|-
|2019||''[[Nakkash]]''|| Sub Inspector ||
|-
|2020||''[[Raat Akeli Hai]]''<ref name=":1" />|| Keval / Truck Driver ||
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Jamtara (web series)|Jamtara: Sabka Number Ayega]]'' <ref>{{cite news |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/jamtara-netflix-trailer-final-series-cast-release-date-2159518|title=
Jamtara Trailer: It's Cops vs Boys in Netflix's Next Indian Series|date=6 January 2020 |author=Akhil Arora |access-date=8 Oct 2021}}</ref>
| Mahesh
| [[Netflix]]
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Crime Next Door]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/as-performers-we-have-to-entertain-all-ravi-sah-101620307492702.html|title=
As performers we have to entertain all: Ravi Sah|date=6 May 2021 |author=S Farah Rizvi|access-date=8 Oct 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://theenvoyweb.com/news/disney-hotstar-crime-next-door-mystery/|title=Disney+ Hotstar's ‘Crime Next Door’ based on whodunit mystery|date=30 May 2021 |author=Salonee Purohit |access-date=8 Oct 2021}}</ref>
|Inspector Shekhawat
| [[Disney+ Hotstar]] (Lead Role)

|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name|5225486|Ravi Sah}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sah, Ravi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Bihar]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Sikkim Scouts

2026-01-14T06:31:56Z

Prabhash Sharma: minor cleanup

{{Short description|Regiment of the Indian Army}}
{{about|the military unit|the youth movement in Sikkim|The Bharat Scouts and Guides}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = Sikkim Scouts
| image = Sikkim Scouts Regimantal flag.jpg
| caption = Sikkim Scouts Regimental insignia and flag
| dates = 2013–present
| country = {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{army|India}}
| type = [[Infantry]]
| role = [[Mountain warfare]]
| size = Two [[battalion]]s<ref name=Inderjit>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/will-finish-building-china-border-infrastructure-by-18-rao-inderjit/ |title=Will finish building China border infrastructure by 2018|first=Rao |last=Inderjit|newspaper=The Indian Express|date= May 2015}}</ref>
| command_structure =
| garrison =
| garrison_label =
| motto =
| march =
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| website =
| commander1 =
| commander1_label = Colonel of the Regiment
| commander2 =
| commander2_label =
| notable_commanders =
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_label =
| identification_symbol_2 =
| identification_symbol_2_label =
| current_commander =
}}
The '''Sikkim Scouts''' is a [[List of regiments of the Indian Army|regiment]] of the [[Indian Army]] based in and recruited from the state of [[Sikkim]]. Raised in 2013 and made operational in 2015, it is the newest Indian Army regiment. The regiment was formed along the lines of the [[Ladakh Scouts]] and [[Arunachal Scouts]], as it is similarly recruited from a mountainous border area and is dedicated to border defence and [[mountain warfare]]. Sikkim Scouts is affiliated with the [[11th Gorkha Rifles]], and uses its insignia and flag, with the addition of the words ‘Sikkim Scouts’.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/sikkim/2020/01/09/why-does-cds-general-bipin-rawat-always-wear-sikkim-scouts-tab/|title=why does cds general bipin rawat always-wear sikkim scouts tab|date=9 January 2020 }}www.eastmojo.com</ref>

== History ==
[[Sikkim]] became a [[States and union territories of India|state of India]] in 1975, after having been a British and then Indian [[protectorate]] for nearly a century. Even as a protectorate, Indian troops were stationed in Sikkim, because of the area's important role as a [[buffer zone]] against [[China]], with which it shares a {{convert|222|km|miles|abbr=on}} border.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M8ED-CZU6fUC&pg=PA235 |title=Who is a Normative Foreign Policy Actor?: The European Union and Its Global Partners |editor= Tocci, Nathalie |author-link=Nathalie Tocci |publisher=Centre for European Policy Studies |year= 2008 |isbn=978-9290797791 |pages=235–237 }}</ref><ref name=Pramod/> China did not clearly recognize Sikkim as an Indian state until the 2000s,<ref>{{cite book|page=80|first=Satish|last=Kumar|chapter=India and the Himalayan states|title= Handbook of India's International Relations|editor=Scott, David|isbn= 978-1136811319|publisher= Routledge|year=2011}}</ref> and continues to lay claim to what India refers to as the northernmost "Finger Area" of Sikkim.<ref name=Orton/> The [[Sino-Indian War]] of 1962 saw some fighting on the Sikkimese border<ref name=Orton>{{cite book|title=India's Borderland Disputes: China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal|editor=Orton, Anna|publisher=Epitome Books|year=2010|isbn=978-9380297156|pages=51–53, 63–64|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0RBOnS8KsgcC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title= The Fight for Peace: The Long Road to Tashkent, A Study in Foreign Relations|pages=390–391|editor=Gogia, S. C.|publisher=Hardy & Ally India|location=New Delhi|year=1966}}</ref> and from 1965 to 1967, Indian and Chinese forces clashed on the border, notably during the 1967 [[Chola incident]].<ref>{{cite book|page=40|title=Rapprochement Across the Himalayas|first=Keshav |last=Mishra|publisher=Gyan|year= 2004|isbn=978-8178352947}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Feng |first1=Cheng|last2=Wortzel|first2=Larry M.|authorlink2=Larry Wortzel|page=188| chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PsoDGLNmU30C&pg=PA188|chapter=PLA Operational Principles and Limited War|title= Chinese Warfighting: The PLA Experience Since 1949 |editor1=Ryan, Mark A. |editor2=Finkelstein, D. M. |editor3=McDevitt, Michael A.|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=2003|isbn=978-0765610874}}</ref><ref name=Asiatimes/> More recently, there were small incursions and skirmishes around 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defense.gov/pubs/pdfs/china_military_power_report_2009.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100228040544/http://www.defense.gov/pubs/pdfs/China_Military_Power_Report_2009.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 February 2010|title=Annual Report to Congress: Military Power of the People's Republic of China 2009|publisher=Office of the Secretary of Defense|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=5–6}}</ref><ref name=Asiatimes>{{cite news|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/JF27Df01.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905125703/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/JF27Df01.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=5 September 2008|newspaper=Asia Times Online|date=27 June 2008|title=China toys with India's border|first= Sudha |last=Ramachandran }}</ref> Several units of the Indian Army and [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]] are stationed in Sikkim {{as of|2014|lc=y}}. Historically, these troops have been drawn from other parts of India, and not from the local population.<ref name=Pramod/><ref name=flag/>

[[Pawan Kumar Chamling]], [[Chief Minister of Sikkim]] from the [[Sikkim Democratic Front]], requested of the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] that the Sikkim Scouts regiment be formed, to provide positions for young men in Sikkim and since all other Himalayan border states had similar forces. (The [[Ladakh Scouts]] were formed in 1963, and the [[Arunachal Scouts]] in 2010, while other Himalayan states have dedicated border security battalions in regular regiments such as the [[Kumaon Regiment]].) The ministry and the Indian Army supported Chamling's proposal, as it was in line with India's "sons of soil" policy to bolster her defence units by integrating locals into them, and on 6 December 2012, the proposal was approved by the [[Cabinet Committee on Security]]. Officials stated at the time that the regiment would be formally established in mid-2015, after the initial recruits had been raised and trained.<ref name=Banerjee>{{cite news|newspaper=The Tribune|edition=Chandigarh|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20121208/main6.htm|date=7 December 2012|title='Sons of soil' to guard China border in Sikkim|first=Ajay|last=Banerjee}}</ref> The raising of the regiment was expected to cost some Rs 32.5 [[crore]] (US$5 million). The cost of maintaining the regiment was projected to be a slightly greater amount per year.<ref name=Banerjee/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defencenow.com/news/1038/sikkim-scouts-to-be-raised-by-2015.html|title=Sikkim Scouts to Be Raised By 2015|website=Defence Now|date=December 2012|access-date=13 September 2014}}</ref>

In March 2013, the first recruiting drives for the new regiment were held in Sikkim, which were expected to enrol roughly 500 candidates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isikkim.com/2013-2-sikkim-scouts-recruitment-drive-from-march-3-7-5/|title= Sikkim Scouts recruitment drive from March 3|date=17 February 2013|website=iSikkim|access-date=13 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://isikkim.com/2013-2-sikkim-recruitment-rally-for-local-infantry-force-in-march-15-3/|title= Sikkim: Recruitment rally for local infantry force in March|website=iSikkim|date=15 February 2013}}</ref> Because of the popularity of tattoos among Sikkimese men, many candidates had to be rejected; the Ministry of Defence had issued a policy banning tattoos (other than religious symbols and names) for new recruits to the Indian military in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isikkim.com/2013-5-200-candidates-with-tattoos-rejected-for-sikkim-scouts-10-1/|title= 200 candidates with tattoos rejected for Sikkim Scouts|website=iSikkim|date=10 May 2013}}</ref>
[[File:The Army Vice Chief, Lt. Gen. S.K. Singh, who is also the ‘President of the Gorkha Brigade’, unveiling the flag of Sikkim Scouts, at Lucknow on May 24, 2013.jpg|thumb|right|The Army Vice Chief, Lt Gen SK Singh, unveiling the flag of Sikkim Scouts, at Lucknow on May 24, 2013]]

The regiment was presented with a flag, and formally raised, by Army Vice Chief [[S. K. Singh (general)|S. K. Singh]] at [[Lucknow]] on 24 May 2013. At the time, there were 319 Sikkimese recruits in the regiment, and a [[en cadre|cadre]] from [[Gorkha regiments (India)|Gorkha regiments]] assembled to train the recruits.<ref name=flag/><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://indianarmy.gov.in/Site/PressRelease/frmPressReleaseDetail.aspx?n=bniEtbbo9LN7kb4q3kupGg==&NewsID=DRc1koDDGh1BOX7k5FKX5A==|author=Indian Army|title=Unveiling of Flag of Sikkim Scouts |date=27 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/north-east/sikkim-saw-emergence-of-new-opposition-party-in-2013_899991.html|work=Z News|title= Sikkim saw emergence of new Opposition party in 2013|publisher=Zee Media|date=28 December 2013}}</ref> The process of recruiting and training the regiment was completed in mid-2015.<ref name=Inderjit/>

== Organisation ==
The regiment was initially planned as one [[battalion]]. Its future expansion is limited by the small size of the population from which it recruits. The first battalion's strength planned strength is 934, comprising 28 [[commissioned officer]]s, 44 [[junior commissioned officer]]s and 862 jawans ([[other ranks (UK)|other ranks]]).<ref name=Banerjee/> A second battalion was being raised {{as of|2015|lc=y}}.<ref name=Inderjit/> The regiment is about 85% Sikkimese, drawing from a population of 612,000 with a large portion of military-age men. The relatives of veterans will be given priority for positions.<ref name=Pramod>{{cite news|url=http://paper.hindustantimes.com/epaper/viewer.aspx?issue=87352012100200000000001001&page=6&article=072f872c-699e-4746-b533-c90b290abbda&key=p+Sw3QxvEHHHbc8OdzQD9A==&feed=rss|newspaper=Hindustan Times|edition=Kolkata|date=2 October 2012|title=Army to raise Sikkim Scouts battalion for Chinese border|first=Pramod|last=Giri}}</ref>

The Sikkim Scouts is affiliated with the [[11th Gorkha Rifles]], and use their insignia and flag, with the addition of the words "Sikkim Scouts".<ref name=flag>{{cite web|url=http://corecommunique.com/army-vice-chief-unveils-the-flag-of-sikkim-scouts/|title=Army Vice Chief Unveils the Flag of Sikkim Scouts|date=24 May 2013|website=Core Sector Communiqué|editor=Ganguly, C.|location=Kolkata}}</ref>

== Role ==
The soldiers of the Sikkim Scouts are trained in the tactics of [[mountain warfare]]. As the members of the regiment are mostly locals, they are expected to be fairly familiar with the skills needed to operate and survive in the mountainous terrain of Sikkim prior to their enlistment. Their training serves to instruct them in modern methods of warfare and instill military discipline. In an additional advantage to the Indian Army, they are able to obtain information from locals more easily, as they belong to the same culture and speak the same language. Indian Army commanders have expressed the sentiment that in the event of war, members of the Sikkim Scouts and other local regiments from the border would be ready to fight to the end for their home state.<ref name=Banerjee/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/north-east/army-to-raise-new-battalions-frm-sikkim-arunachal_627367.html|work=Z News|publisher=Zee Media|date=17 May 2010|title= Army to raise new battalions from Sikkim, Arunachal }}</ref>

The regiment will be tasked with surveilling and guarding the borders of Sikkim, especially the high mountain passes of the north-eastern border with China.<ref name=Banerjee/> While other units of the Indian Army will continue to pass through Sikkim on a temporary (2–3 year) basis, as part of their rotation between different bases in India, the Sikkim Scouts is permanently stationed on the border, and its members will spend nearly their entire career in the state.<ref name=flag/>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Indian Army Infantry Regiments}}

[[Category:Infantry regiments of the Indian Army from 1947]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 2013]]
[[Category:Sikkim]]

Battle of Rezang La

2026-01-11T03:54:39Z

Prabhash Sharma: creating new pg...

{{Short description|Battle of the 1962 Sino-Indian War}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Self-contradictory|about=whether the Chinese attacks were repulsed or not|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Rezang La Battle of No.8 & 9 Indian Posts in Ngari {{lang-zh|阿印8、9据点战斗}}
| partof = [[Sino-Indian War]] and [[Battle of Bangongluo]]
| date = 18 November 1962
| place = Rezang La, [[Ladakh]], India
| coordinates =
| result =
| combatant1 = {{flag|India}}
| combatant2 = {{flag|China}}
| commander1 = Major [[Shaitan Singh]]{{KIA}}
| commander2 = [[:zh:高焕昌|Lt.Col. Gao Huanchang]]{{sfn|People's Liberation Army Academy of Military Sciences|1993|pp=261}}
| units1 = C Company, 13th Battalion<ref name=Gallantry>{{cite web|url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/assets/uploads/home_banner/BatleofrezangLa-2023-11-18.pdf|title=Battle of Rezang La– 2023-11-18|access-date=2024-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401071810/https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/assets/uploads/home_banner/BatleofrezangLa-2023-11-18.pdf|archive-date=2024-04-01}}</ref>
| units2 = 3rd Battalion, 11th Infantry Regiment (Reinforced){{notetag|The reinforcing elements include:{{sfn|People's Liberation Army Academy of Military Sciences|1993|pp=261}}
*9th Rifle Company, 10th Infantry Regiment
*Sapper Company, 11th Infantry Regiment
*Flamethrower platoon, 4th Infantry Division
*1 X Platoon of "No.5 checkpoint of Ngari Border Defense detachment"
*2 X Batteries of 120mm mortar battery
*1 X Detachment of 75mm recoilless guns (4 guns, reinforced from 10th Infantry Regiment)
*1 X Platoon of 57mm recoilless guns (3 guns, reinforced from 3rd Cavalry Regiment)
*1 X Anti-air machinegun crew }}
| strength1 = '''Indian source''':<ref name=Gallantry/> ~120 soldiers '''Chinese source'''{{sfn|People's Liberation Army Academy of Military Sciences|1993|pp=260}}: 140-150 soldiers
| strength2 = '''Chinese source''':{{sfn|People's Liberation Army Academy of Military Sciences|1993|pp=261}} ~700 soldiers '''Indian source''':<ref name=Gallantry/> ~3000 soldiers{{notetag|Indian source alleged 10th Infantry Regiment as a whole participated the battle with all 9 of its rifle companies<ref name=Gallantry/>}}
| casualties1 = '''Indian source''':<ref name=Gallantry/> 114 killed '''Chinese source'''{{sfn|People's Liberation Army Academy of Military Sciences|1993|pp=260}}: 136 killed 5 captured
| casualties2 = '''Chinese source''':{{sfn|People's Liberation Army Academy of Military Sciences|1993|pp=262}} 21 killed 98 wounded '''Indian source''':<ref name=Gallantry/> 1,400 killed
| territory =
| image = Brave Ahir.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Indian memorial for the battle at [[Rezang La]]
}}

The '''Battle of Rezang La''' {{notetag|"la" meaning hill in Tibetan/Ladhaki language)}}, also known as '''Battle of No.8 and No.9 Indian Posts in Ngari''' ({{lang-zh|阿印8、9号据点之战}}) in Chinese narrative, was a military engagement that took place on 18 November 1962, during the Second phase of [[Sino-Indian War]] in wester LAC.

To Chinese, it was a major military engagement in the Battle of Bangongluo ({{lang-zh|班公洛之战}}),{{sfn|People's Liberation Army Academy of Military Sciences|1993|pp=258}} where the reinforced 3rd Battalion of 11th Infantry Regiment was able to capture Rezang La with superior artillery fire in less than 2 hours.{{sfn|People's Liberation Army Academy of Military Sciences|1993|pp=262}}

In Indian narrative, it is known that 120 Indian soldiers faced "more than 3,000 Chinese soldiers" and "successfully defended" the strategic mountain pass of Rezang Lah in [[Ladakh]]. Fought at an altitude of {{cvt|16000|ft}}, against overwhelming Chinese forces, the battle saw one of the greatest last stands, with Indian sources documenting more than 1400 Chinese casualties. [[Shaitan Singh|Major Shaitan Singh]], who led the defense, was posthumously awarded the [[Param Vir Chakra]], India's highest military honor, for his extraordinary bravery. Several other decorations were awarded posthumously to many officers and soldiers of the company.{{sfn|Singh|2016|p=203}}October 1962, China launched a large-scale offensive against Republic of India in the disputed border areas of [[Aksai Chin]] and [[Arunachal Pradesh]] (then NEFA). The Indian Army, under-prepared and outnumbered, was tasked with defending these high-altitude regions. Rezang La, a pass located in the [[Chushul]] sector of Ladakh, became a key defense point as it guarded the vital airstrip at Chushul.{{sfn|Palit|1991|p=275}}

The defense of Rezang La was entrusted to the 13th Battalion of the [[Kumaon Regiment]], under the command of [[Shaitan Singh|Major Shaitan Singh.]] The battalion was positioned on the barren, exposed ridges of the pass, without adequate artillery support or reinforcements.{{sfn|Singh|2016|p=198}}

== Battle ==
During the [[Sino-Indian War]] in 1962, Rezang La was the site of the [[last stand]] of the Charlie "C" company<ref>{{cite book|title=Living Life Loving Life|author=Brig Chitranjan Sawant|date=2021|isbn= 9788184303995 |publisher= Prabhat Prakashan|pages= 150–151 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i7KaDAAAQBAJ&dq=13+kumaon+ahir+Living+Life+Loving+Life&pg=PA150}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bisht |first1=Rachna |title=The Brave Param Vir Chakra Stories|date=2014 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=9789351188056|page=all |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rgEWBAAAQBAJ&dq=13+Kumaon+ahir&pg=PT94 |access-date=15 Aug 2014 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Arora |first1=Dr. N. D. |title=Political Science for Civil Services Mains
|date=2017 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=9789352604906|page=all |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yM8mDwAAQBAJ&dq=13+Kumaon+ahir&pg=PT1990 |access-date=15 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref> of [[Kumaon Regiment|13 Kumaon]], consisting of 120 Indian soldiers. According to the official Indian history of the war, the Rezang La picket of Charlie company made up entire of [[Ahir]] from [[Ahirwal]] region was stationed at an elevation of {{convert|5500|m|ft}}, 11 km south of the [[Spanggur Gap]], on the same ridge line as Rezang La.{{sfn|Sinha|Athale|1992|p=334}} Rezang La had the drawback that an intervening feature blocked artillery operation, so that the Indian infantry had to do without artillery cover.<ref name="Guruswamy" />
The Indian side was led by Major [[Shaitan Singh]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Neha |date=2023-12-01 |title=Remembering Major Shaitan Singh Bhati: The Hero of Rezang La |url=https://pune.news/trending/remembering-major-shaitan-singh-bhati-the-hero-of-rezang-la-96632/ |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=PUNE.NEWS |language=en-US}}</ref> who perished in battle and posthumously won India's highest military decoration, the [[Param Vir Chakra]], for his actions.<ref name="Remembering Rezang La heroes">
{{cite news |author=Press Information Bureau, Government of India | title=Remembering Rezang La heroes |date=7 January 2007 |newspaper=Sainik samachar |url=http://sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2007/oct01-07/h4.htm}}
</ref><ref name="Heroes of Rezang La">
{{cite news |author= Col Dilbag Dabas (Retd) | title=Heroes of Rezang La 1962 |date=15 December 2018 |newspaper=The Tribune |url= https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/haryanatribune/heroes-of-1962-rezang-la-battle-698535}}
</ref><ref name="Guruswamy">
{{cite news |author=Mohan Guruswamy | title=Don't forget the heroes of Rezang La |date=20 November 2012 |newspaper=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/dont-forget-the-heroes-of-rezang-la/article4112584.ece}}
</ref>

The Chinese employed [[Human wave attack|human wave]] tactics, sending up to eight waves against the Indian troop positions.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |date=30 October 2022|title=Soldier who won respect of enemy; tale of Rezang La 1962 battle|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/soldier-who-won-respect-from-enemy/articleshow/95174853.cms|newspaper=TOI| access-date= 5 October 2023}}</ref><ref name="Quint">{{cite news |date=21 November 2020|title=The 1962 War at Rezang La: A Story of Raw Courage and Spirit|url=https://www.thequint.com/opinion/india-china-war-1962-heroic-stories|newspaper=Quint| access-date= 5 October 2023}}</ref><ref name="Print">{{cite news |date=22 October 2022|title=Rezang La, 1962: When 120 Indian soldiers fought to the end & wiped out over 1,000 Chinese troops|url=https://theprint.in/world/rezang-la-1962-when-120-indian-soldiers-fought-to-the-end-wiped-out-over-1000-chinese-troops/1176198/|newspaper=Print| access-date= 5 October 2023}}</ref> Eventually, the Indian position was overrun, and Indian troops were forced to withdraw to high mountain positions. After the conclusion of battle, their valor was recognized by the Chinese, who had covered the bodies of the Indian soldiers with blankets and even placed bayonets over them so that the makeshift covers did not fly off. This mark of respect is exceptional and atypical of practices of that time.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2001-02-09 |title=BHARAT RAKSHAK MONITOR Volume 3(3) |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE3-3/lns.html |access-date=2024-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010209084245/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE3-3/lns.html |archive-date=9 February 2001 }}</ref>

Both sides took overwhelming casualties, though both countries disagree over how many were killed. It is generally accepted 114 Indian soldiers out of a total of 120 lost their lives.<ref name="Official Page of Army">
{{cite news |author=Gen Dalbir Singh |date=20 November 2014 |title=Coas Paid Homage to Heroes of Battle of Rezangla |url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/NewsDetail/frmNoticeDetails.aspx?ParentID=7/x1LDTCjEC27tHLLhKSLg==&MnId=7/x1LDTCjEC27tHLLhKSLg==&n=bniEtbbo9LN7kb4q3kupGg==&NewsID=YPthZ5C+a0gvZXWTGROrIw== |website=Indian Army}}
</ref><ref name="The Indian Express">{{cite news |author=Shekhar Gupta |date=30 October 2012 |title='Nobody believed we had killed so many Chinese at Rezang La. Our commander called me crazy and warned that I could be court-martialled' |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/-nobody-believed-we-had-killed-so-many-chinese-at-rezang-la.-our-commander-called-me-crazy-and-warned-that-i-could-be-courtmartialled-/1023745/0 |newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref> However, Indian sources claim upwards of 1,300 Chinese troops were killed in Rezang La alone.<ref name="The Indian Express" /><ref name="Wortzel">{{harvnb|Wortzel|2003|pp=340–341}}</ref><ref name="Feng Wortzel">{{cite book |last1=Feng |first1=Cheng |last2=Wortzel |first2=Larry M. |chapter=PLA Operational Principles and Limited War |editor1-first=Mark A. |editor1-last=Ryan |editor2-first=David Michael |editor2-last=Finkelstein |editor3-first=Michael A. |editor3-last=McDevitt |title=Chinese warfighting: The PLA experience since 1949 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PsoDGLNmU30C&pg=PA188 |access-date=14 April 2011 |year=2003 |publisher=M. E. Sharpe |isbn=978-0-7656-1087-4 |pages=188– |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107001535/https://books.google.com/books?id=PsoDGLNmU30C&pg=PA188%20 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
The defense by the [[Kumaon Regiment]] at Rezang La has been cited as an important moment in Indian military history. [[Shaitan Singh|Major Shaitan Singh]] was posthumously awarded the [[Param Vir Chakra]] for his leadership and actions during the battle.{{sfn|Palit|1991|p=278}} The engagement is sometimes described as a notable example of a last stand in modern warfare. As the fight at Rezang La went on concurrently, [[Battle of Gurung Hill]] took place, where both sides claimed victory. Battles of Rezang La and Gurung Hill were collectively known as Battle of Banggongluo in Chinese narrative.{{sfn|People's Liberation Army Academy of Military Sciences|1993|pp=258-260}}

== Legacy ==
[[File:Rezang La Memorial.jpg|thumb|Rezang La memorial at [[Rewari]].]]
The Battle of Rezang La remains a symbol of Indian courage and determination. Memorials have been erected at [[Rezang La]] and at various places in India to commemorate the bravery of the soldiers who fought and died in the battle.{{sfn|Singh|2016|p=203}} Rezang La Memorial in [[Chushul]] was constructed in 1963 to commemorate the Indian military.<ref name="p724">{{cite web | last=Vernekar | first=Raju | title=Rezang La Memorial at Chushul in Ladakh dedicated to nation | website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times | date=2021-11-19 | url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/rezang-la-memorial-at-chushul-in-ladakh-dedicated-to-nation/ | access-date=2025-11-02}}</ref>

In 2012, on the 50th anniversary of the battle, veterans and military historians gathered to pay tribute to the fallen soldiers, and the battle continues to be studied as a lesson in mountain warfare.{{sfn|Palit|1991|p=279}}

<blockquote>How can a man die better,

than facing fearful odds,

for the ashes of his fathers,

and temples of his gods.</blockquote>

This inscription also appears on the Rezang La Memorial at [[Rewari]].

== See also ==
* [[Battle of Bum La Pass]]
* [[Battle of Walong]]
* [[Battle of Gurung Hill]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Maxwell |first=Nevill |title=India's China War |location=London |publisher=Jonathan Cape |date=1970|doi=10.2307/40201086 |jstor=40201086 |s2cid=151886230 }}
* {{cite book |last=Palit |first=D.K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ukw1PuEt8IcC |title=War in High Himalaya: The Indian Army in Crisis, 1962 |publisher=Lancer International |date=1991|isbn=978-0-312-06147-0 }}
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Amarinder |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1790518802 |title=The Monsoon War: Young Officers Reminisce – 1962 India-China War |publisher=Roli Books |date=2016|id={{ProQuest|1790518802}} }}
* {{citation |first1=P.B. |last1=Sinha |first2=A.A. |last2=Athale |title=History of the Conflict with China, 1962 |publisher=History Division, Ministry of Defence, Government of India |year=1992 |url=http://www.php.isn.ethz.ch/lory1.ethz.ch/collections/coll_india/documents/WarWithChina_1962_000.pdf}}.
* {{Citation |last=Wortzel |first=Larry M. |chapter=Concentrating Forces and Audacious Action: PLA lessons from the Sino-Indian War |author-link=Larry Wortzel |editor1=Laurie Burkitt |editor2=Andrew Scobell |editor3=Larry M. Wortzel. |title=The Lessons of History: The Chinese people's Liberation Army at 75 |publisher=[[Strategic Studies Institute]] |pages=340–341 |date=July 2003 |isbn=978-1-58487-126-2 |chapter-url=https://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/pdffiles/PUB52.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205072610/http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB52.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2012}}.
* {{cite book|trans-title= History of Sino-Indian Border Self-defensive counterattack|title=中印边境自卫反击作战史|publisher=Military Science Publication|author=[[People's Liberation Army Academy of Military Sciences]]|url=http://bjzc.org/lib/53/wxls/ts053031.pdf|access-date=8 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910171310/http://bjzc.org/lib/53/wxls/ts053031.pdf|archive-date=10 September 2016|url-status=dead|location=[[Beijing]]|language=zh-cn|year=1993}}

{{refend}}

{{coord missing|Ladakh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rezang La 1962}}
[[Category:Battles of the Sino-Indian War]]
[[Category:Battles of the Kashmir conflict]]
[[Category:History of Ladakh]]
[[Category:November 1962 in Asia]]
[[Category:Last stands]]
[[Category:Military operations of the Kashmir conflict involving China]]
[[Category:1960s in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:1960s in Tibet]]
[[Category:Leh district]]
[[Category:Rutog County]]

Apadeva

2026-01-02T11:03:02Z

Prabhash Sharma: creating new details

{{Short description|Indian scholar}}
'''Apa-deva''' ([[IAST]]: Āpadeva) was a 17th-century Indian scholar, who wrote ''Mimamsa-nyaya-prakasha'', a [[Sanskrit]]-language treatise on the [[purva mimamsa]] tradition.

== Biography ==

Apadeva probably flourished in early 17th century. He was a great-grandson of [[Eknath|Ekanatha]], who was likely not same as the 16th-century saint Eknath. His grand-father was also named Apa-deva, and his father was Ananta-deva.<ref name="SCB"/>

Apadeva followed the [[Kumarila Bhatta|Bhatta]] school of the [[mimamsa]] philosophy, and wrote ''Mimamsa-nyaya-prakasha'' ([[IAST]]: ''Mīmāṃsā-nyāya-prakāśa''; also known as ''Apadevi''), a guidebook for [[purva mimamsa]].<ref name="SCB"/>

Apadeva's son was named Ananta-deva (like Apadeva's father), and composed ''Smrti-kaustubha'', which is the main source of information about Apadeva.<ref name="SCB">{{cite book |author=Sures Chandra Banerji |title=A Companion to Sanskrit Literature |edition=Second |year=1989 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=9788120800632 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JkOAEdIsdUsC |pages=12–13 }}</ref> It is not clear if Apadeva's son Ananta is same as Ananta Bakarista, who wrote ''Nakshatra-sattrahautra''. The grandson of Apadeva's son Ananta was also named Ananta-deva (fl. c. 1675), and composed a text on astrology, titled ''Nakshatra-sattreshti-rayoga'' or ''Nakshtreshti-nirupana''.<ref name="CESS1">{{cite book |editor=David Pingree |editor-link=David Pingree |title=Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit Series A |volume=1 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |year=1970 |url=https://archive.org/details/PingreeCESS/Pingree_CESS_A1_1970/ |page=41}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* ''[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.264213 Mīmāṃsā Nyāya Prakāśa]'', English translation by Franklin Edgerton (1929)
* ''[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.424528/page/n5/mode/2up Mīmāṃsā-nyāya-prakāśa]'', Sanskrit text with commentary by Vasudev Shastri Abhyankar (1937)

{{India-writer-stub}}

[[Category:17th-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:Indian male writers]]

Vijay Mishra (gangster)

2025-12-06T11:57:28Z

Prabhash Sharma: put up

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1957)}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{use Indian English|date=January 2019}}

'''Vijay Kumar Mishra''' (born 7 September 1957) is an Indian gangster and a politician who has represented [[Gyanpur (Assembly constituency)|Gyanpur constituency]] on four terms as a member of [[Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gyanpur Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/gyanpur-uttar-pradesh-assembly-constituency |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-05 |title=पहले माफिया, फिर बाहुबली और अब रेपिस्ट, पूर्वांचल में साम्राज्य स्थापित करने वाले विजय मिश्रा की कहानी |url=https://www.aajtak.in/crime/big-crime/story/ex-up-mla-vijay-mishra-sentenced-to-15-years-in-jail-for-rape-of-singer-know-his-crime-history-opnm2-1812872-2023-11-05 |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>

== Politics ==
Mishra had been a member of the [[Samajwadi Party]] (SP), on whose symbol he successfully contested in the [[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]], [[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]] and [[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012 assembly elections]] for Gyanpur constituency.<ref name="toi" /> In the [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 state assembly elections]], he won from the aforesaid seat on [[NISHAD Party|Nishad Party]] ticket.<ref>{{cite news |work=India.com |url=https://www.india.com/assembly-election-2017/uttar-pradesh/gyanpur/ |title=Gyanpur - Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2017 |accessdate=2019-01-22}}</ref> In March 2018, he was expelled from that party, despite being its only [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA), when he supported a candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) in elections to the [[Rajya Sabha]]. The party allied with the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP) and had ordered him to support the BSP candidate, [[Bhim Rao Ambedkar (legislator)|Bhim Rao Ambedkar]].<ref>{{cite news |work=DNA |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-nishad-party-expels-rebel-mla-vijay-mishra-for-cross-voting-in-rs-polls-2597237 |title=Nishad Party expels rebel MLA Vijay Mishra for cross-voting in RS polls in UP |first=Srawan |last=Shukla |date=24 March 2018 |accessdate=2019-01-22}}</ref> In the 2022 Assembly Election, Vijay Mishra contested from [[Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party]] but he lost this election badly, he remained in third position.

== Criminal History ==
As of November 2023, Mishra has 83 criminal cases to his record which includes nine cases of murder, fifteen cases of attempt to murder, two cases of rape, forgery, loot, kidnapping, extortion, property grabbing, etc.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-05 |title=Jailed don, ex-UP MLA Vijay Mishra gets 15-year jail for gang rape |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/jailed-don-ex-mla-vijay-mishra-gets-15-year-jail-for-gang-rape/articleshow/104979889.cms#google_vignette |access-date=2024-04-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Described in 2007 by the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' as a "mafia", he had at that time over 30 pending criminal cases lodged against him.<ref name="ht">{{cite news |work=Hindustan Times |title=BSP's elephant gaining speed here |date=24 April 2007 |first=Prabhu |last=Razdan |accessdate=2019-01-22 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bsp-s-elephant-gaining-speed-here/story-szGjKBijnWmlzs7GWqlr0M.html}}</ref> He contested the 2012 election while in jail<ref name="toi" /> in relation to an alleged involvement in the 2010 bomb attack on [[Nand Gopal Gupta]] (also known as Nand Gopal Nandi), who was minister of state at that time (2010) and was chosen as cabinet minister in Yogi Adityanath's government.. Denying the charges as being politically motivated, he was released on bail later in the year, by which time 62 criminal cases were recorded against him.<ref>{{cite news |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/up-cops-caught-on-camera-vying-for-tips-114018-2012-08-22 |title=UP cops caught on camera vying for tips from SP MLA freed on bail |first=Piyush |last=Srivastava |date=22 August 2012 |accessdate=2019-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=Hindustan Times |title= Three cops caught taking money from MLA's kin |date=23 August 2012 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/three-cops-caught-taking-money-from-mla-s-kin/story-uSJ7TmneNl6lribGhAjCxM.html |accessdate=2019-01-22}}</ref> His family had anticipated his release would occur if the SP were returned to government.<ref>{{cite news |work=Sunday Guardian |title=Dons do well in UP |first=Abhimanyu |last=Singh |date=6 March 2012 |url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/news/dons-do-well-in-up |accessdate=2019-01-22}}</ref>

The SP said it expelled Mishra in 2017 for "anti-party activities" when he had decided to contest the 2017 elections as an independent candidate due to the SP not adopting him. Other members of his family were expelled at the same time, including his wife, Ramlali Mishra, who was a member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/state-editions/sp-expelled-vijay-mishra-from-the-party.html |title=SP expelled Vijay Mishra from the party |work=The Pioneer |date=1 March 2017 |accessdate=2019-01-22}}</ref> Mishra says that he resigned, together with many of his supporters.<ref name="toi">{{cite news |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/news/samajwadi-party-strongman-rebels-after-ticket-denial-fears-life-threat-from-sp-leadership/articleshow/56736085.cms |title=Samajwadi Party strongman rebels after ticket denial, fears life threat from SP leadership |first=Binay |last=Singh |date=23 January 2017 |accessdate=2019-01-22}}</ref>

Mishra and his daughter, Seema, who was then contesting a [[Lok Sabha]] seat in the [[2014 Indian general election]], were both provided with armed protection officers for a period up to April 2014, when the courts ordered that this measure, financed by the Uttar Pradesh government, was illegal. It ruled that such protection could not be given to people with a criminal history.<ref>{{cite news |work=The Times of India |title=Allahanbad HC: withdraw gunners of Gyanpur MLA |date=11 April 2014 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Allahabad-HC-Withdraw-gunners-of-Gyanpur-MLA/articleshow/33573580.cms |accessdate=2019-01-22}}</ref>

Mishra was born on 7 September 1957 in Khaptiha (Allahabad). He has one son and five daughters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shri Vijay Mishra - Gyanpur -Samajwadi Party |url=http://upvidhansabhaproceedings.gov.in/member?memberId=13143 |publisher=Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh |accessdate=2019-01-22}}</ref>

== Gang rape ==

In 2020, Vijay Mishra was accused of raping a singer from Varanasi in 2014. The singer has accused Vijay Mishra and his son of raping her along with one other person.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/rape-case-nishad-party-mla-vijay-mishra-produced-in-bhadohi-court/articleshow/84891909.cms | title=Rape case: Nishad Party MLA Vijay Mishra produced in Bhadohi court | Lucknow News - Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> He is also accused of harassment and physical molestation. As per the victim, Vijay Mishra and his relatives including his son had raped her in 2014 and she has been pressured as well as threatened for life to withdraw the case against them.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/up-more-trouble-for-jailed-mla-vijay-mishra-as-sc-rejects-bail-plea/articleshow/89107395.cms | title=UP: More trouble for jailed MLA Vijay Mishra as SC rejects bail plea | Varanasi News - Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/bahubali-mla-vijay-mishra-appeared-in-court-in-gang-rape-case-come-from-agra-jail-to-varanasi | title=वाराणसी: पेशी पर पहुंचे दुष्कर्म के आरोपी बाहुबली विधायक विजय मिश्र, कहा- ब्राह्मण ही सरकार बनवाते हैं }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/bahubali-mla-vijay-mishra-appeared-in-court-in-gang-rape-case-come-from-agra-jail-to-varanasi?pageId=1 | title=वाराणसी: पेशी पर पहुंचे दुष्कर्म के आरोपी बाहुबली विधायक विजय मिश्र, कहा- ब्राह्मण ही सरकार बनवाते हैं }}</ref> Given the power and influence as muscleman and politician, the victim has accused that there is no progress in her case and threatened to commit suicide. However, in November 2023, a special court Bhadohi convicted him in the case and ordered 15 years of imprisonment and imposed one lakh rupees fine.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/story-mla-vijay-mishra-gang-rape-case-victim-girl-gave-threat-of-self-immolation-made-allegation-of-torture-by-mla-s-followers-and-police-4398907.html | title=बाहुबली विधायक विजय मिश्रा पर रेप का आरोप लगाने वाली लड़की ने दी आत्‍मदाह की धमकी, बोली-लगातार हो रहा है उत्‍पीड़न }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qyVy03f67XU&t=30s | title=UP Crime: बाहुबली विधायक पर रेप का मामला दर्ज,'2014 से कर रहे थे शोषण' | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCF7e8d_rfM&t=2s | title=बाहुबली MLA Vijay Mishra पर Rape का आरोप लगाने वाली लड़की ने दी आत्‍मदाह की चेतावनी | Viral Video | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite news |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/slammer-dunk-to-a-poll-safari/279879 |work=Outlook |title=Slammer Dunk To A Poll Safari |first=Debarshi |last=Dasgupta |date=20 February 2012 |accessdate=2019-01-27}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mishra, Vijay}}
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian gangsters]]
[[Category:Indian people convicted of rape]]

Main Rang Sharbaton Ka

2025-11-25T15:12:26Z

Prabhash Sharma: new new pg

{{short description|Song performed by Pritam}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Main Rang Sharbaton Ka
| cover = Main Rang Sharbaton Ka.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Cover of the song, featuring actors [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Ileana D'Cruz]]
| type = single
| artist = [[Pritam]] feat. [[Atif Aslam]], [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] and [[Arijit Singh]]
| album = [[Phata Poster Nikhla Hero]]
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2013|08|26}}
| recorded =
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = [[Filmi]] • [[Indian pop]]
| length = {{Duration|m=4|s=22}}
| label = [[Tips Industries Limited|Tips Music]]
| writer = [[Irshad Kamil]]
}}

'''Main Rang Sharbaton Ka''' ({{Translation|I'm colour of the sherbet}}) is a romantic Hindi song from the 2013 Hindi film, ''[[Phata Poster Nikhla Hero]]''. Composed by [[Pritam Chakraborty]], the song is sung by the Pakistani singer [[Atif Aslam]] and [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]], with lyrics penned by [[Irshad Kamil]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koimoi.com/videos/main-rang-sharbaton-ka-song-video-phata-poster-nikhla-hero/ |title=Main Rang Sharbaton Ka Song Video – Phata Poster Nikhla Hero |publisher=Koimoi |date=15 August 2013|accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref><ref name=iTunes>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/main-rang-sharbaton-ka-from/id696613277 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110033907/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/main-rang-sharbaton-ka-from/id696613277 |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2015 |title=Main Rang Sharbaton Ka (From ''Phata Poster Nikhla Hero'') – Single |publisher=[[iTunes]] |work=[[Pritam]] |date=29 August 2014|accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref> The soundtrack of the album consists of a reprise version of the song rendered by [[Arijit Singh]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20130911180021 |title=Racy tunes in Shahid's new film |newspaper=[[Saudi Gazette]] |date=11 September 2013 |accessdate=13 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924121923/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20130911180021 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The music video of the track features actors [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Ileana D'Cruz]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/watch-main-rang-sharbaton-ka-a-fresh-romantic-number-from-phata-poster-nikla-hero-shahid-kapoor-ileana-dcurz-175175-2013-08-26 |title=Watch: Main Rang Sharbaton Ka, a fresh romantic number from Phata Poster Nikla Hero |magazine=[[India Today]] |date=27 August 2013|access-date=13 December 2014}}</ref>

== Background ==
The song is rendered by [[Atif Aslam]] and [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]. Aslam had previously sung for the actor [[Shahid Kapoor]] in "Bakhuda Tumhi Ho" from ''[[Kismat Konnection]]'' (2008).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/bollywood/news/a511491/atif-aslam-voice-of-shahid-kapoor-in-phata-poster-nikla-hero-song.html#~oYjtjYeeE0IB3h |title=Atif Aslam voice of Shahid Kapoor in 'Phata Poster Nikla Hero' song |publisher=[[Digital Spy]] |work=Steven Bake |date=31 August 2013|accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref> Chinmayi provided vocals for [[Ileana D'Cruz]]. In the song, Illeana is seen in a range of costumes; a total of seven.<ref name=costumes>{{cite web|url=http://www.glamsham.com/movies/scoops/13/sep/04-news-ileana-dcruz-changes-seven-costumes-in-main-rang-sharbaton-ka-song-091305.asp |title=Ileana D'cruz changes seven costumes in 'Main Rang Sharbaton Ka' song|publisher=Glamsham |date=4 September 2013|accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref> The song is shot in [[Cape Town]] and a part of the song is picturised in Victoria Wharf.<ref name=theme>{{cite web|url=http://www.apunkachoice.com/content/slide_show/sid100016191-watch_shahid_kapoor_ileana_dcruz_get_romantic_in_main_rang_sharbaton_ka/ |title=Watch Shahid Kapoor, Ileana D'Cruz get romantic in 'Main Rang Sharbaton Ka' |publisher=Apun Ka Choice |work=Priyanka Kapoor |date=29 August 2013|accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref> The background of the song is kept colourful, decorated with [[Kaleidoscope|kaleidoscopic colours]], which goes according to the theme of the song.<ref name=costumes/><ref name=theme/>

The song is mixed and mastered by Eric Pillai.<ref name=youtube/> It is composed by [[Pritam]]. [[Maraca]]s is used throughout the song and mild guitar with percussion instrument were also used in the composition of the song.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://srishtimusic.wordpress.com/2013/09/03/baja-speaker-nikla-music-phata-poster-nikla-hero-music-review/ |title=Baja Speaker Nikla Music! (Phata Poster Nikla Hero – Music Review)|publisher=Musical Sameeksha |date=3 September 2013|accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref> The tune of the song is layered with orchestra and the composition is kept simple.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/hindi-movies/phata-poster-nikla-hero/phata-poster-nikla-hero-songs-review.html |title=Phata Poster Nikhla Hero Music Review |publisher=Behind Woods |date=4 September 2013|accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref>

== Release and response ==
The official music was released on 26 August 2013 by [[Tips Music]] on [[YouTube]].<ref name=youtube>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnzZyGQi2ps |title=Main Rang Sharbaton Ka – Phata Poster Nikhla Hero – Shahid & Ileana – Atif Aslam & Chinmayi Sripaada|publisher=YouTube |work=[[Tips Industries Limited|Tips Music]] |date=26 August 2013 |accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/phata-poster-nikhla-hero-main-rang-sharbaton-ka-song-a-sweet-sip-of-romance-watch-video/ |title=Phata Poster Nikhla Hero song Main Rang Sharbaton Ka: A sweet sip of romance! Watch Video! |publisher=Bollywood Life |work=Rashma Shetty Bali |date=27 August 2014 |accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref> It was later released as a single on 29 August 2013.<ref name=iTunes/> The song along with other tracks in the album were available on music-streaming platforms and for digital download on 10 September 2013.<ref name=album>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/main-rang-sharbaton-ka/id699282542?i=699283235 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817211055/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/main-rang-sharbaton-ka/id699282542?i=699283235 |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 August 2014 |title=Phata Poster Nikhla Hero (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |publisher=[[iTunes]] |work=[[Pritam]] |date=10 September 2014|accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref>

The song was positioned at 5 in "''[[The Times of India|Times]]'' poll – 13 Best romantic songs" published by ''The Times of India''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Tum-Hi-Ho-the-most-romantic-song-of-2013/articleshow/39045364.cms |title=Tum Hi Ho, the most romantic song of 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 July 2014 |accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
The song received mostly favourable reviews from [[Music journalism|music critics]].

''[[The Times of India]]'''s Bryan Durham picked the track as the best song from the album and felt that everything about the song is 'pitch-perfect'.<ref name="TOI Music Review">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/music-reviews/Phata-Poster-Nikhla-Hero/articleshow/22763603.cms |title=Music Review: Phata Poster Nikhla Hero |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |author=Bryan Durham |date=19 September 2013 |accessdate=14 December 2014}}{{Rating|4|5}}</ref> Joginder Tuteja of [[Rediff.com]] felt that the simplicity in the tune of the song and the vocals by Aslam and Chinmayi is what hooks the listener in the song.<ref name="Rediff Music Review">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-phata-poster-nikhla-hero-music-is-entertaining/20130907.htm |title=Review: Phata Poster Nikhla Hero music is entertaining |work=[[Rediff.com]] |author=Joginder Tuteja |date=7 September 2013 |accessdate=14 December 2014}}{{Rating|3.5|5}}</ref> Sankhayan Ghosh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' commented: "To give credit where it's due, the hook line is melodic, but the rest sounds too formulaic to leave a lasting impression", adding that the song resembles of "Tera Hone Laga Hoon" from ''[[Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani]]''.<ref name="Express Music Review">{{cite news|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/music-review-phata-poster-nikla-hero/1165257/ |title=Music Review: Phata Poster Nikla Hero |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |author=Sankhayan Ghosh |date=6 September 2013 |accessdate=14 December 2014}}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref>

Mohar Basu of Koimoi thought that [[Atif Aslam]] and [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] did a spectacular job, but criticised the song for having a 'flimsy feel' to it.<ref name="Koimoi Music Review">{{cite web|url=http://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-movies/music-reviews/phata-poster-nikhla-hero-music-review/ |title=Phata Poster Nikhla Hero Music Review |publisher=Koimoi |author=Mohar Basu |date=12 September 2013 |accessdate=14 December 2014}}{{Rating|1.5|5}}</ref>

== Reprise Version ==
A reprise version of the song was included in the soundtrack, composed and written by [[Pritam]] and [[Irshad Kamil]] respectively. The version is sung by [[Arijit Singh]]. It was released along with other tracks in the soundtrack of the album on 10 September 2013.<ref name=album/> The version has the same composition as of the original but a slight change in lyrics in the second antara.<ref name="Planet Music Review">{{cite web|url=http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=m091113115940 |title=Phata Poster Nikhla Hero – music review by Mitesh Saraf |publisher=Planet Bollywood |author=Mitesh Saraf |date=10 September 2013 |accessdate=14 December 2014}}{{Rating|7.5|10}}</ref>

=== Critical reception ===
Mohar Basu of Koimoi thought the version is surprisingly much better than the original version,<ref name="Koimoi Music Review"/> though ''[[The Times of India]]'''s Bryan Durham found the version 'pale' compare to the original.<ref name="TOI Music Review"/> Joginder Tuteja of [[Rediff.com]] found the sole male version of the song by Singh, equally 'good'.<ref name="Rediff Music Review"/> Sankhayan Ghosh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' commented: "Here, Arijit definitely betters it making it a much more pleasant listen than [[Atif Aslam|Aslam]]'s labored vocals.<ref name="Express Music Review"/>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! width=5%|Year
! width=23%|Award
! width=15%|Nominee
! width=25%|Category
! width=5%|Result
! width=2%|Ref
|-
| 2014
| [[Star Guild Awards|9th Renault Star Guild Awards]]
| [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
| [[Star Guild Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite magazine|title=9th Renault Star Guild Awards releases list of nominees |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/9th-edition-renault-star-guild-awards-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-shah-rukh-khan-bollywood-177126-2014-01-15 |access-date=13 December 2014|magazine=[[India Today]] |date=16 January 2014}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Atif Aslam}}
{{Arijit Singh}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Songs in Hindi]]
[[Category:Songs written for Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Arijit Singh songs]]
[[Category:2013 songs]]
[[Category:Songs with music by Pritam Chakraborty]]
[[Category:Songs with lyrics by Irshad Kamil]]
[[Category:Atif Aslam songs]]

Nathipora

2025-11-22T09:33:44Z

Prabhash Sharma: reworked formatting

{{More citations needed|date=February 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nathipora
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Naethpur Nathipur
| nickname = Nathpur
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|34.3645031|N|74.3915766|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[States and union territories of India|Union territory]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Baramulla district|Baramulla]]
| subdivision_type4 = Block
| subdivision_name4 =
''Tujjar''
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=30 May 2021 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = PIN Code
| postal_code = 193201
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Nathipora''' is a village in the Bomai block in [[Sopore]] tehsil, in the Baramulla District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ourhero.in/villages/nathi-pora-2202|title=nathi pora village population}}</ref>

The village had a total population of 1827 in the 2011 census. The literacy rate was 68.12% compared to 67.16% in Jammu and Kashmir as a whole. In Nathi Pora male literacy was 81.65% and female literacy was 55.33%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ourhero.in/villages/nathi-pora-2202|title=nathi pora village population by sex}}</ref>

Nathipora is on Sopore-Kupwara highway.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Villages in Anantnag district}}

[[Category:Villages in Baramulla district]]

{{JammuandKashmir-geo-stub}}

Second Khanduri ministry

2025-08-22T15:18:23Z

Prabhash Sharma: minor cleanup

{{Other uses|Khanduri ministry (disambiguation){{!}}Khanduri ministry}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number = [[List of Uttarakhand ministries|6th]]
| jurisdiction = [[Uttarakhand]]
| flag =
| flag_border = true
| incumbent =
| image = File:The Chief Minister of Uttarakhand, Major General (Retd.) B. C. Khanduri meeting with the Union Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Shri Murli Deora, in New Delhi on December 07, 2007.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = B. C. Khanduri
| date_formed = 11 September 2011
| date_dissolved = 12 March 2012
| state_head =[[Margaret Alva]]
| government_head = [[B. C. Khanduri]]
| government_head_history =
| members_number =
| former_members_number =
| total_number =
| political_parties = {{Color box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] {{Color box|{{party color|Uttarakhand Kranti Dal}}|border=darkgray}} [[Uttarakhand Kranti Dal]] 
{{Color box|{{party color|Independent politician }}|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician|Independents]]
| legislature_status = [[Majority government|Majority]]
| opposition_cabinet =
| opposition_party =  {{Color box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|border=darkgray}}
[[Indian National Congress]]
| opposition_leader =  [[Harak Singh Rawat]]
| election =
| last_election = [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| legislature_term = 5 years
| budget =
| advice_and_consent1 =
| advice_and_consent2 =

| incoming_formation = [[2nd Uttarakhand Assembly|2nd Assembly]]
| outgoing_formation = [[3rd Uttarakhand Assembly|3rd Assembly]]
| previous = [[Pokhriyal ministry]]
| successor = [[Vijay Bahuguna ministry|Bahuguna ministry]]
}}
The '''Second Bhuwan Chandra Khanduri ministry''' was the [[Cabinet of Uttarakhand]] headed by the [[Chief Minister of Uttarakhand]], [[B. C. Khanduri]] from 2011 to 2012.
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/uttarakhand-bc-khanduri-sworn-in-as-chief-minister-467317 |title=Uttarakhand: BC Khanduri sworn in as Chief Minister |website=www.ndtv.com |access-date=11 September 2011}}</ref>

==Council of Ministers==

Here is the list of ministers.

* '''Cabinet Ministers:'''
# [[Matbar Singh Kandari]] - Irrigation, Minor Irrigation, Flood Control, Food & Civil Supplies, Social Welfare & Handicapped Welfare
# [[Trivendra Singh Rawat]] - Agriculture, Agricultural Education, Agricultural Marketing, Fruit industry, Animal Husbandry, Milk Development, Fisheries
# [[Bishan Singh Chuphal]]
# [[Madan Kaushik]] - Excise, Sugarcane Development, Sugar Mill Industries, Tourism
# [[Prakash Pant]] - Parliamentary Affairs, Legislatures, Drinking Water, Labour, Re-organisation, Election, External Planning
# [[Diwakar Bhatt]] - Food & Civil Supplies, Urban Development, Urban Employment, Poverty Alleviation
# [[Rajendra Singh Bhandari]] - Panchayati Raj, Alternative Energy, Census, Civil Defense and Home Guard, Jail

* '''Ministers of State (Independent Charge):'''
# [[Vijaya Barthwal]] - Rural Development, Women Welfare & Child Development
# [[Govind Singh Bisht]]

* '''Ministers of State:'''
# [[Khajan Dass]] - Disaster Management, Social Welfare
# [[Balwant Singh Bhauryal]] - Health & Family Welfare, Information Technology

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Uttarakhand ministries}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khanduri 02}}
[[Category:Uttarakhand ministries]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 2011|Khanduri II]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 2012|Khanduri II]]
[[Category:2012 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party state ministries of Uttarakhand|Khanduri II]]

Guntur International Poetry Festival

2025-08-03T06:48:51Z

Prabhash Sharma: put up a pg

{{Short description|Indian potery festival}}
{{unreliable sources|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox recurring event
|name = Guntur International Poetry Festival
|frequency = Annually
|patron =
|leader_name =
|activity =
|attendance =
|participants =
|next = November 2021
|prev = 19–20 September 2019
|last = 7 July 2020
|founders = {{plainlist|
* Gopichand Paruchuri
* Nagasuseela Panchumarthi
}}
|first = {{start date|2008}} <ref>{{cite news |last1=Susarla |first1=Ramesh |title=Waft of verse regales listeners |agency=The Hindu |publisher=N. Ravi |date=22 June 2008}}</ref>
|years_active = {{age|2008|range=no}}
|country = India
|location = [[Guntur, Andhra Pradesh]]
|venue = [[Jagarlamudi Kuppuswamy Chowdary College]]
|ends = 
|native_name = గుంటూరు అంతర్జాతీయ కవితోత్సవం
|begins = 
|date = 
|genre = [[Literary festival]]
|status = Active
|caption =
|alt =
|image_size =
|image =
|logo_size =
|logo_caption =
|logo_alt =
|logo =
|native_name_lang =
|organised = 
|website = {{url|https://www.gipf.club}}
}}
The '''Guntur International Poetry Festival''' ([[Telugu language|Telugu]]: గుంటూరు అంతర్జాతీయ కవితోత్సవం), also known as '''GIPF''', is a [[literary festival]] which takes place annually in the Indian city [[Guntur, Andhra Pradesh]]. Gopichand Paruchuri and Nagasuseela Panchumarthi are the founders and organisers of the festival.<ref>{{cite web|author=The Hans India |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2015-01-28/On-a-mission-to-promote-English-in-the-city/128170 |title=On a mission to promote English in the city |publisher=Thehansindia.com |date=2015-01-28 |accessdate=2021-11-05}}</ref>

==History==

[[File:12th Guntur International Poetry Festival (GIPF).jpg|thumb|left|12th Guntur International Poetry Festival (GIPF)]]
GIPF is an annual non-profit, zero registration fee, invitation only poetry recitation event conducted to encourage budding and enthusiastic poets from India and abroad since 2008 by Poets and Lecturers Gopichand Paruchuri & Nagasuseela Panchumarthi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gipf.club/organizers|title = Guntur International Poetry Festival | Organizers}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Guntur to host national poetry fete |agency=The Hindu |publisher=N. Ravi |date=19 June 2008}}</ref> Invitation to recite poem in the event is inaugurated every year according to the programme calendar released around the month of March. After scrutiny of the entries by the panel, shortlisted poets are invited for the Festival to present the poems to the fest audience. GIPF usually falls on (or) around the International Day of Peace i.e. on 21 September, as themes of poems are predominantly in the backdrop of Peace, Human Values & Non-Violence.<ref>{{cite web|title=Guntur hosts 9th International Poetry Festival|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2016/sep/22/guntur-hosts-9th-international-poetry-festival-1522232.html|access-date=2021-07-10|website=The New Indian Express|date=22 September 2016 }}</ref> Poets recite poems which were selected by the jury in the day session which would later be published in Fest Anthology. Later in the evening Poets recite poems in their Vernacular Languages under the candle lit lights as a mark of solidarity to the victims of Violence in all forms. Last Poetry Festival was held on September 20 and 21, 2019<ref>{{cite web|title=12th GIPF - 2019 - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6nt4euC7vZTV2EW8kspp3doPS7aLLJl|access-date=2021-07-11|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> attended by poets from the United Kingdom, Poland, India, Maldives, the United States, Philippines and Bhutan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gipf.club/fest-in-news|title = Fest in News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-09-20|title=అద్భుతం.. ఆంగ్ల కవిత్వం|url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/andhra-pradesh/guntur-international-poetry-festival-celebrations-jkc-collage-1225896|access-date=2021-07-10|website=Sakshi|language=te}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Guntur District, 21-09-2019 : readwhere|url=https://epaper.sakshi.com/m5/2336825/Guntur-District/21-09-2019#sample/10/1|access-date=2021-07-10|website=epaper.sakshi.com}}</ref>
[[File:Felicitating Renata Cygan.jpg|thumb|Felicitating poet Renata Cygan]]

[[File:Agnieszka Jarzębowska and Alicja Maria Kuberska presenting poems at 12th GIPF.jpg|thumb|Poets Agnieszka Jarzębowska and Alicja Maria Kuberska]]

[[File:Poets Signing a Peace cloth at 12th GIPF.jpg|thumb|Poets Signing a Peace cloth at 12th GIPF]]

[[File:Lamp Lighting ceremony at Guntur International Poetry Festival (GIPF).jpg|thumb|Lamp Lighting ceremony at Guntur International Poetry Festival (GIPF)]]

===Notable participants in 12th GIPF 2019===
The following notable poets and literary personalities participated in the 2019 Guntur International Poetry Festival.

* Renata Cygan
* Agnieszka Jarzębowska <ref>{{cite web|author=agronsh |url=https://atunispoetry.com/2021/01/03/agnieszka-jarzebowska-poland/ |title=Agnieszka Jarzębowska (Poland) | ATUNIS GALAXY POETRY |publisher=Atunispoetry.com |date=2021-01-03 |accessdate=2021-11-05}}</ref>
* Ryszard Grajek
* Anna Czachorowska
* Izabela Zubko
* Sagar Kataria
* Bozena Helena Mazur Nowak
* Dr. Lanka Siva Rama Prasad
* Alicja Kuberska
* Eden S. Trinidad
* [[K. V. Dominic]]
* Pramila Khadun
* Nehabhandarkar

==2020 edition of GIPF==

In 2020 Due to COVID situation 13th edition of GIPF <ref>{{cite web|title=13th GIPF - 2020 - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB6nt4euC7vbYj0X2nWvEge93OofgnutM|access-date=2021-07-11|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> was conducted virtually on 7–12 July 2020 in which more than 200 poets recited poems dedicated to COVID frontline workers and victims of COVID.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-07-10|title=13th Guntur International Poetry Festival|url=https://myunshackledmind.com/2020/07/10/13th-guntur-international-poetry-festival/|access-date=2021-07-10|website=My Unshackled Mind|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Director of the Arabic Network in the Philippines Eden S. Trinidad 13th GIPF 2020 By: Eden Soriano Trinidad 13th Guntur International Poetry Festival Guntur College,Guntur Andra, Pradesh, India July 7 -14, 2020|url=https://www.arabicnetwork.net/2020/07/director-of-arabic-network-in.html|access-date=2021-07-10|language=ar}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{portal |Literature|India}}
* [[Literary festival]]
* [[List of literary festivals in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://gipf.club/ Official Website]

[[Category:Literary festivals in India]]
[[Category:Literary festivals in Asia]]

Tirunarayur Ramanathar Temple

2025-07-10T10:49:10Z

Prabhash Sharma: stub

{{Orphan|date=July 2025}}

'''Tirunarayur Ramanathar Temple''' is a [[Shiva temple]] located at Tirunarayur in [[Thanjavur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref name="form1">{{cite web |title=தமிழகத் திருக்கோவில்கள் தரவுத் தொகுதி 1 |url=http://www.tamilvu.org/library/thirukkovil/Coimbatore/Form1.html |publisher=தமிழ் இணையக் கல்விக்கழகம்}}</ref>

==Location==
This temple is located at Rangarajapuram, facing east.<ref name="dinamalar">[http://temple.dinamalar.com/New.php?id=1735 அருள்மிகு ராமநாதர்திருக்கோயில், தினமலர் கோயில்கள்]</ref>

==Presiding deity==
The presiding deity of the temple is Ramanathar. The Goddess is known as Parvathavartini.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

== Structure ==
The temple has shrines for the presiding deity, the goddess, [[Vinayaka]], [[Muruga]] with his consorts, [[Durga]], [[Dakshinamurti]] and [[Shani]]. This temple is under the administration of the [[HR&CE|Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]], [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].The temple has a tank.<ref name="form2">{{cite web |title=தமிழகத் திருக்கோவில்கள் தரவுத் தொகுதி 2 |url=http://www.tamilvu.org/library/thirukkovil/Coimbatore/Form2.html |publisher=தமிழ் இணையக் கல்விக்கழகம்}}</ref>

==Significance==
[[Shani]] is found in a separate shrine along with his two consorts Mandhadevi and Jestadevi and his two sons Kuligan and Manthikan. There is no [[Dhvajastambha]] for the presiding deity Ramanathar. But the shrine of Shani has a Dhvajastambha. His [[Vahana]] crow is found here. [[Dasharatha]] came and worshipped the Shani. [[Surya]] along with Ushadevi and Prathyuksha are also found here.<ref name="dinamalar"/> In order to get rid off from the Shani [[Dosha]] and longtime illness and get prosperity devotees come to this temple. After the fulfilment of their vows they wear garments to the deities.<ref>[https://dheivegam.com/thirunaraiyur-temple-tamil/ திருநரையூர் அருள்மிகு ராமநாதர் திருக்கோயில் சிறப்புக்கள்]</ref>

==Festivals==
Pournami, Sivaratri, Pradosha and other festivals are celebrated here.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
File:Tirunaraiyurramanathasamytemple1.jpg|Entrance
File:Tirunaraiyurramanathasamytemple2.jpg|Nandhi, Front mandapa
File:Tirunaraiyurramanathasamytemple3.jpg|Vimana of the presiding deity
</gallery>

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Thanjavur district]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Thanjavur district]]

{{TamilNadu-hindu-temple-stub}}

Shri Atma Vallabh Jain Smarak

2025-06-25T07:22:08Z

Prabhash Sharma: done

{{Short description|Jain temple in Delhi, India}}
{{morefootnotes|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox religious building
| religious_affiliation = [[Jainism]]
| image = File:Shri Atma Vallabh Jain Smarak - Main (1).jpg
| alt = Vallabh Smarak Jain temple
| caption = Vallabh Smarak Jain Mandir Tirth
| map_type =
| map_alt = Vallabh Smarak Jain temple
| map_caption = Location within Delhi
| map_size = 200
| coordinates = {{coord|28|46|38.7|N|77|08|25.9|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Nangli Poona]], [[GT Karnal road]], [[Delhi]]
| festivals = [[Panch Kalyanaka]], [[Kshamavani|Kshmapana Diwas]], [[Parshva]] - [[Padmavati (Jainism)|Padmawati]] Jagran, Nav dhwajarohan (New flag hosting), Birth & Death Anniversary of Acharya Vallabhsuri & Guru Vallabh Bhakti Samaroh
| deity = [[Vasupujya Swami]]
| established = 1979
| year_completed = 1989
| creator = Acharya Indradinsuri
| governing_body = Shree Atma Vallabh Jain Smarak Shikshan Nidhi
| temple_quantity = 8
}}

'''Shri Atma Vallabh Jain Smarak''' also popularly known as '''Vallabh Smarak Jain Mandir Tirth''' is a [[Jainism|Jain]] temple and a multi-faceted memorial in the sacred memory of Jain Acharya [[Vallabhsuri|Shri Vijay Vallabh Surishwer Ji]], located on [[GT road|GT Karnal Road]], [[Delhi]].

== History ==
[[File:Stamp of India - 2009 - Colnect 159882 - Jainacharya Vallabh Suri.jpeg|left|thumb|Stamp featuring Shri Vallabhsuri with Shri Atma Vallabh Jain Smarak in background issued in 2009]]
The Smarak's construction was completed in 1989 by the followers of Acharya Vijay [[Vallabhsuri]],{{Sfn|Schnapp|2014|p=431}} to whom the temple is dedicated as a memorial. Having been solemnized as a Jain saint at a very early age by the illustrious Jain Acharya Shri Vijayanand Surishwer Ji (also known Muni Atmaram Ji), he was one of the most erudite saints of his era. Apart from being a preacher of Lord Mahavira's message of Non-violence, World Peace and Universal brotherhood. Acharya Vallabh Suri was a great reformer, thinker, writer, and educationist who actively supported India's freedom movement and relentlessly worked for the upliftment of the Jain community as well as the masses. His Panchamrut of Sewa (Service), Sangathan (Organisation) Shiksha (Education), Swawlamban (Self-reliance) & Sahitya (Literature) gave a new direction and impetus to the Jain community towards a holistic development. He is known for establishing many Educational Institutions in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat & Maharashtra]] including Mahavira Jain Vidhyalaya. He also worked to improve the religious and social life of the people in [[Punjab]], earning him the honorific ''Punjab Kesari''.{{Sfn|Shah|2004|p=55}} His area of work, however, included Delhi, U.P., Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. His broad and progressive outlook, extraordinary work on moral values-based education for Holistic Development, amelioration of masses, eradication of social evils, and empowerment of women was immensely appreciated during his lifetime and remembered even at present with utmost reverence. He supported the freedom movement and was an active supporter of the Swadeshi movement and the use of Khadi. He was in regular touch with the national stalwarts such as Sardar Patel, Shri Moti Lal Nehru, Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya, Shri Morar Ji Desai, and many others. To him goes the solemn credit for the safe passage of a large number of Jains and others from Gujranwala (now in Pakistan) to India in the peak of violence during September 1947.

Initially, Acharya Samudrasuri led the construction of the Smarak, followed by Acharya Indradinsuri with Mahattaraa Mrigavati being the torchbearer for this project.{{Sfn|Shah|2004|p=44}} At present the activities of this Smarak are being carried out under the guidance of Acharya Nityanandsuri - the senior-most Acharya and Gachhadhipati of Acharya Vallabh Suri Samuday. With Acharya Nityanand Suri's inspiration, Guru Vallabh's life has been depicted in very artistic 3D Stone Sculpture work in the Guru Mandir. Besides, Hostel and Bhojanshala for the Scholars and Devotees has been constructed with picturesque landscaping. In July 2021, Vijay Vallabh Pakshi Chikitsalay has been put in operation in which injured and unwell birds are provided treatment. Arrangements have been made to carry injured birds from all over NCR.

As a mark of acknowledgement for his vast services as an erudite and enlightened Jain Saint, the Government of India issued a postage stamp in February 2009 in the honour of Acharya Vallabh Suri.

== Architecture ==
[[File:Shri Atma Vallabh Jain Smarak - Mural.jpg|Murals on wall|thumb]]
The main hall of the temple is considered a brilliant example of the structural design as per ancient Jain Sthapatya Kala (Main Sompura: Amrutbhai Mulshankar Trivedi). It is built in dome-shaped internally with stepped roof exterior.{{Sfn|Weiler|Gutschow|2016|p=118-119}} The temple belongs to [[Śvētāmbara]] sect of [[Jainism]].

The temple itself consists of ancient idols along with the manuscripts, images, sculptures dating back to the [[Medieval India|medieval period]]. The mulnayak of the temple is 12th Tirthanker '''Shree Vasupujya Swami''' placed along with Tirthanker Shree Munisuvrat Swami, Shree Rishabdev & Shree Parshwnath in a typical Chaumukha formation. Many ancient murals and artefacts are displayed in the basement Museum. Guru Mandir on the ground floor has a stunning sculpted image of '''Acharya Vallabh Suri''' and His charan paduka. These images are sourced mainly from [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Maharashtra]]. Besides in the circular hall, of 64 feet width and 84 feet height, there are ten panels of exquisite three-dimensional stonework depicting the illustrious life and ideals of Acharya Vallabhsuri.

== About temple ==

The temple is managed by Shree Atma Vallabh Jain Smarak Shikshan Nidhi.{{Sfn|Titze|1998|p=136}} Besides a Jain Temple, Guru Mandir, Samadhi Mandir, Dev - Devi Mandir, there is Jain Bharati Mrigawati Vidyalay, and Bhogilal Lehar Chand Institute of Indology engaged in studies, research on Jainism and other contemporary religions and teaching Prakrit (original language in which Lord Mahavira pronounced sermons). A vast collection of Jain ancient literature, handwritten manuscripts, rare books, memoirs, and literature of Atma - Vallabh samuday brought from Gujranwala and later supplemented from Patan, Kutch & Vadodara make the Library unique. Jain Museum of Art & Culture located just below the Guru Mandir houses some stunning murals, parikars, artefacts, other remnants of the past heritage. The Museum also houses articles personally used by [[Acharya Vallabh Suri]], during his lifetime such as Acharya's clothes, utensils, denture, and inkwell, showcased alongside Jain images and panels.{{Sfn|Schnapp|2014|pp=431-432}} There is a magnificent photo exhibition of Acharya Vallabh Suri in a room just outside the Guru Mandir. The Smarak is also equipped with all necessary infrastructure such as two Upashray Bhawans for the stay of Jain Monks & Nuns separately, Bhojanshala, a hostel for scholars and devotees, an administrative block, etc.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Shri Atma Vallabh Jain Smarak - Main Idol.jpg|Mulnayak idol
File:Shri Atma Vallabh Jain Smarak - Padmavati idol.jpg|Padmavati Idol
File:Shri Atma Vallabh Jain Smarak - Padmavati temple (2).jpg|Padmavati temple inside the temple complex
File:Shri Atma Vallabh Jain Smarak - Main vedi.jpg|Main vedi
File:Shri Atma Vallabh Jain Smarak - Janma Kalyank.jpg|Janma Kalyanak depiction on wall
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{commonscat}}
* [[Jainism in Delhi]]
* [[Lal Mandir]]
* [[Dādābadī]]

== References ==
=== Citation ===
{{reflist}}

=== Source ===
* {{Citation | last1=Weiler | first1=Katharina | last2=Gutschow | first2=Niels | title=Authenticity in Architectural Heritage Conservation: Discourses, Opinions, Experiences in Europe, South and East Asia | publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer]] | date=2016 | url={{Google books|YhOfDAAAQBAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | isbn=9783319305233 }}
* {{Citation | last=Schnapp | first1=Alain | title=World Antiquarianism: Comparative Perspectives | publisher=Getty Publications | date=2014 | url={{Google books|w0skBAAAQBAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | isbn=9781606061480 }}
* {{citation | last=Shah | first=Natubhai | title=Jainism: The World of Conquerors | url={{Google books|qLNQKGcDIhsC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | volume=1 | date=2004 | orig-year=First published in 1998 | publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] | isbn=978-81-208-1938-2 }}
* {{Citation | last=Titze | first=Kurt | title=Jainism: A Pictorial Guide to the Religion of Non-Violence | publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] | date=1998 | url={{Google books|loQkEIf8z5wC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | isbn=9788120815346 }}

{{Jain temples}}
{{Jainism topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:20th-century Jain temples]]
[[Category:Jain temples in Delhi]]
[[Category:20th-century religious buildings and structures in India]]

Hosdurg taluk

2025-06-01T05:03:12Z

Prabhash Sharma:

{{short description|Tehsil in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{infobox settlement
| name = Hosdurg taluk
| native_name =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Taluks of Kerala|Taluk]]
| image_skyline = Bakel ratnu.JPG
| image_alt = right
| image_caption = Bekal Fort in Hosdurg Taluk
| pushpin_map = India Kerala
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.3059|N|75.0947|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = Tehsildar
| leader_name = Premraj P
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 442
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 448,484
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], English<ref>{{cite web |title=The Kerala Official Language (Legislation) Act, 1969 |url=http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/kerala/1969/1969KERALA7.pdf |access-date=4 August 2021 |archive-date=20 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420030352/http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/kerala/1969/1969KERALA7.pdf |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 671xxx
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0467
| registration_plate = KL 60
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kasaragod]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kanhangad (State Assembly constituency)|Kanhangad]], [[Thrikaripur (State Assembly constituency)|Thrikaripur]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

[[File:Hosdurg fort vijayan rajapuram.jpg|thumb|Hosdurg fort]]
[[File:Ghss hosdurg.jpg|thumb|GHSS Hosdurg, board school, Hosdurg.]]
'''Hosdurg''' is one of four taluks that constitute the [[Kasaragod District]], [[Kerala]]. Others are [[Kasaragod taluk|Kasaragod]], [[Manjeshwaram Taluk|Manjeshwaram]] and [[Vellarikundu]] taluks.<ref>https://kerala.gov.in › docum...PDF
Taluks in Kerala (as on 22-02-2018)</ref> In the north, it borders [[Kasaragod taluk]]; in south, the [[Kannur District]]; in the east, Vellarikundu taluk; and in the west, the [[Arabian Sea]]. With an area of 900.3 km2 (90030 hectares), it was the smaller of the two taluks.<ref name="Kasaragod district 2001 census">{{cite news|url=http://kasargod.nic.in/census2001/table3.htm|title=Kasaragod district 2001 census|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410023822/http://kasargod.nic.in/census2001/table3.htm|archive-date=2009-04-10}}</ref> Then Hosdurg bifurcated into Vellarikund and Hosdurg taluks in 2013 for ease of administration.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/322116/kasargod-get-2-more-taluks.html|title=Kasargod to get 2 more taluks}}</ref> [[Kanhangad]] and [[Nileshwaram]] are the [[Municipalities of Kerala|municipalities]] within the taluk. ''Hosdurg'' (after which the taluk is named) is a kilometer south of [[Kanhangad]] town, the latter being the taluk headquarters. Other major settlements include [[Trikarpur]], [[Cheruvathur]] and [[Udma]]. [[Bekal Fort]] tourism is situated in the taluk.

==Etymology==
The name ''Hosdurg'' is derived from the Kannada
word '''Hosa''' ("new") and [[Sanskrit]] word ''[[Durga|Durg]]'' ("fortress").

==Demographics==
As per the 2011 census, Hosdurg taluk had a total population of 625641 persons, which included 295,859 males and 329,782 females.<ref name="Kasaragod district 2001 census"/> The literacy rate is 85.82%, higher than the national average.<ref name="Kasaragod district 2001 census"/> In Hosdurg taluk, 12.42% of the total population is between the ages of 0–6 years.<ref name="Kasaragod district 2001 census"/> [[Malayalam]] is the administrative language of the region.
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = '''Religions in Hosdurg Subdistrict''' (2011)<ref name=census2011>{{cite web |title=Religion – Kerala, Districts and Sub-districts |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW32C-01%20MDDS.XLS |work=Census of India 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|value1 = 63.46
|color1 = Orange
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|value2 = 25.53
|color2 = Green
|label3 = [[Christianity]]
|value3 = 10.90
|color3 = DodgerBlue
|label4 = Other
|value4 = 0.1
|color4 = Black
}}

==Taluks of Kasaragod==
{{Kasaragod Labelled Map}}

==Constituent Villages==
Hosdurg taluk has 31 revenue villages. They are ; [[Ajanur]], [[Ambalathara, Kasaragod|Ambalathara]], Balla, [[Bare (Kasaragod)|Bare]], [[Cheemeni]], [[Cheruvathur]], [[Chithari]], Hosdurg, [[Kanhangad]], [[Kayyur]], [[Keekan]], [[Kilayikode]], [[Kodakkad]], [[Madikai]], [[Maniyat]], [[Nileshwaram]], North Trikkarippur, [[Padne|Padanna]], [[Pallikkara, Bekal|Pallikkara]], [[Pallikkara-II]], [[Panayal]], [[Periya, Kasaragod|Periya]], [[Perole]], [[Pilicode]], Pudukai, [[Pullur, Kasaragod|Pullur]], South Trikkarippur, [[Thimiri (Kasaragod)|Thimiri]], Thuruthi, [[Udma|Uduma]], [[Udinoor]] and [[Valiyaparamba]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kasargod.nic.in/tehsil/ |title=Taluk Offices |date= |author= |access-date= 24 August 2021}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Kasaragod taluk]]
*[[Vellarikundu]]

==External links==
* [http://kasargod.nic.in Official_Website_of_Kasaragod_district]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kerala}}
{{Kasaragod district}}

[[Category:Geography of Kasaragod district]]
[[Category:Taluks of Kerala]]

{{Kasaragod-geo-stub}}

Likabali Assembly constituency

2025-05-24T12:28:15Z

Prabhash Sharma: formatting fix

{{Short description|Constituency of the Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Likabali
|state = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|type= SLA
| constituency_no = 28
| map_image = Likabali Assembly constituency map.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|district = [[Lower Siang district|Lower Siang]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Arunachal East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal East]]
|established = 1990
|reservation = ST
|mla = [[Kardo Nyigyor]]
|party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|electors = 12,398
}}
'''Likabali''' is one of the 60 assembly constituencies of [[Arunachal Pradesh]], a northeastern state of [[India]]. It is part of [[Arunachal East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal East Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/arunachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/likabali.html|title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Likabali Assembly Constituency|website=www.elections.in|accessdate=24 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S02/Old/partycomp24.htm|title=Partywise Comparison Since 1978|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=24 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arunachalassembly.gov.in/|title=Home|publisher=Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|accessdate=24 September 2017}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || Rima Taipodia || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || Kardu Taipodia || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Rima Taipodia
|-
| [[2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || rowspan=3 | [[Jomde Kena]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2017 elections in India#Arunachal Pradesh|2017 By-election]] <ref name="BJP wrests both seats from Congress in Arunachal bypoll">{{cite news|last1=|first1=|title=BJP wrests both seats from Congress in Arunachal bypoll|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/Dec/24/bjp-wrests-both-seats-from-congress-in-arunachal-bypoll-1735946.html|accessdate=18 May 2025|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=24 December 2017|language=en}}</ref>|| rowspan="3" | [[Kardo Nyigyor]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || {{Full party name with color|People's Party of Arunachal}}
|-
| [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Likabali<ref name="Likabali (ST) Constituency Election Results 2024">{{cite news |title=Likabali (ST) Constituency Election Results 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/constituency-show/likabali |accessdate=24 May 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=2 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524122409/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/constituency-show/likabali |archivedate=24 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 - Likabali">{{cite news |title=Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 - Likabali |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGen2ndJune2024/candidateswise-S0228.htm |accessdate=24 May 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=2 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524122405/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGen2ndJune2024/candidateswise-S0228.htm |archivedate=24 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="Likabali Assembly Election Result 2024: BJP's Kardo Nyigyor wins">{{cite news |title=Likabali Assembly Election Result 2024: BJP's Kardo Nyigyor wins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/likabali-assembly-election-results-2024-likabali-arunachal-pradesh-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110637677.cms |accessdate=24 May 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=2 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524122414/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/likabali-assembly-election-results-2024-likabali-arunachal-pradesh-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110637677.cms |archivedate=24 May 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kardo Nyigyor]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,607 |percentage=62.00% |change={{increase}}25.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moli Riba |party=Independent politician |votes=4,002 |percentage=37.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=48 |percentage=0.45% |change={{increase}}0.30 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,605 |percentage=24.44% |change= {{increase}}22.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,657 |percentage=85.96% |change= {{increase}}0.31 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,398 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.58 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=People's Party of Arunachal |swing= {{increase}}23.67 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Likabali<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11675-arunachal-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2019 - Arunachal Pradesh - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |date= |author= |accessdate= 24 January 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kardo Nyigyor]] |party=People's Party of Arunachal |votes=3,714 |percentage=38.33% |change={{decrease}}2.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tapak Lendo |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,536 |percentage=36.49% |change={{decrease}}8.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mimar Nyodu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,809 |percentage=18.67% |change={{increase}}13.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Iken Tao |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=527 |percentage=5.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr Rima Taipodia |party=Janata Dal (Secular) |votes=89 |percentage=0.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=15 |percentage=0.15% |change={{decrease}}0.14 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=178 |percentage=1.84% |change= {{decrease}}2.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,690 |percentage=85.65% |change= {{increase}}13.28 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,314 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.66 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=People's Party of Arunachal |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}6.75 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly By-election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 elections in India#Arunachal Pradesh|2017 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Likabali}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kardo Nyigyor]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,461 |percentage=45.08% |change={{increase}}22.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gumke Riba |party=People's Party of Arunachal |votes=3,156 |percentage=41.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sengo Taipodia |party=Independent politician |votes=675 |percentage=8.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Modam Dini |party=Indian National Congress |votes=362 |percentage=4.72% |change={{decrease}}36.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=23 |percentage=0.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=305 |percentage=3.97% |change= {{decrease}}2.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,677 |percentage=72.37% |change= {{decrease}}11.47 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,608 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.46 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}4.09 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Likabali<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat_Rep_Arunachal_Pradesh_2014.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813080618/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat_Rep_Arunachal_Pradesh_2014.pdf|archive-date=13 August 2021|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jomde Kena]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,524 |percentage=41.00% |change={{increase}}0.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yai Mara |party=Independent politician |votes=2,972 |percentage=34.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gumke Riba |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,930 |percentage=22.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kirri Dini Bogum |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=142 |percentage=1.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=28 |percentage=0.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=552 |percentage=6.42% |change= {{decrease}}4.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,596 |percentage=83.84% |change= {{increase}}0.72 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,253 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.64 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}0.61 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Likabali<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_AR_Aug2009.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404184244/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_AR_Aug2009.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jomde Kena]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,420 |percentage=40.39% |change={{decrease}}2.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yai Mara |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=2,527 |percentage=29.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gumke Riba |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=2,477 |percentage=29.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kardu Taipodia |party=People's Party of Arunachal |votes=44 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=893 |percentage=10.55% |change= {{decrease}}4.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,468 |percentage=83.12% |change= {{increase}}6.78 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,188 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.57 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}17.11 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Likabali<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AR_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324145008/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AR_2004.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jomde Kena]] |party=Independent politician |votes=4,081 |percentage=57.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rima Taipodia |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,017 |percentage=42.50% |change={{increase}}8.71 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,064 |percentage=14.99% |change= {{increase}}12.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,098 |percentage=73.62% |change= {{increase}}0.65 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,298 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.86 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Likabali<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AR99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AR99.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rima Taipodia |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,920 |percentage=33.79% |change={{decrease}}32.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jomde Kena]] |party=Independent politician |votes=1,775 |percentage=31.24% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kardu Taipodia |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=828 |percentage=14.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mikar Nyori |party=Arunachal Congress |votes=769 |percentage=13.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tahum Taipodia |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=390 |percentage=6.86% |change={{increase}}4.94 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=145 |percentage=2.55% |change= {{decrease}}31.70 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,682 |percentage=78.46% |change= {{decrease}}4.42 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,507 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.44 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}32.37 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Likabali<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-AR95.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144239/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-AR95.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kardu Taipodia |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,774 |percentage=66.16% |change={{increase}}19.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rima Taipodia |party=Independent politician |votes=1,820 |percentage=31.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mempak Taso |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=110 |percentage=1.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,954 |percentage=34.26% |change= {{increase}}28.10 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,704 |percentage=81.03% |change= {{increase}}11.30 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,120 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.91 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Dal |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Likabali<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statistical%20Report%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statistical%20Report%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rima Taipodia |party=Janata Dal |votes=2,735 |percentage=53.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kardu Taipodia |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,418 |percentage=46.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=317 |percentage=6.15% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,153 |percentage=70.03% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,488 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Janata Dal |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==

* [[Likabali]]
* [[Lower Siang district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh}}
{{coords|27.64|94.65|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lower Siang district]]
[[Category:Politics of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1990]]
[[Category:1990 establishments in Arunachal Pradesh]]

Allagadda

2025-05-18T11:40:26Z

Prabhash Sharma: added info

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| native_name = Avulagadda
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline = File:Allagadda skyline.jpg
| image_alt = File:Allagadda skyline.jpg
| image_caption = Allagadda Town
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15.1336|78.4975|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nandyal district|Nandyal]]
| established_title =
| founder =
| named_for = Cows(Avulu)
| government_type = [[Municipality]]
| governing_body = None
| leader_title1 = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| leader_name1 = byreddy shabari
(Nandyal Parliament Constituency)
| leader_title2 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name2 = bhuma akhilapriya
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=civicbody>{{cite web|title=Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs|url=http://dtcp.ap.gov.in:9090/webdtcp/Municipalities%20List-110.pdf|website=Directorate of Town and Country Planning|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|accessdate=29 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128175528/http://dtcp.ap.gov.in:9090/webdtcp/Municipalities%20List-110.pdf|archivedate=28 January 2016}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 53.28
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 166.5
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=636131|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref>
| population_total = 42545
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 5th in [[Nandyal]] District
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 518 543
| registration_plate = AP 39
| footnotes =
| established_title1 = Incorporated (Town Council)
| established_date1 = 2011
| demographics1_info2 = 83.43% <ref name="auto">{{cite web | url=https://cdma.ap.gov.in/en/allagada | title=ALLAGADA | Commissioner and Director of Municipal Administration }}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = [[Literacy]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = 1009 [[females|♀]]/1000 [[Male|♂]]<ref name="auto"/>
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Sex ratio]] (2011)
| Sexratio_info_sec2footnotes =
}}
[[File:Allagadda board.jpg|alt=Allagadda|thumb|279x279px|Signboard with directions to Allagadda]]
'''Allagadda''' is a town in [[Nandyal district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in Nandyal Revenue division.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mandal wise villages |url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/kurnool.pdf |website=Revenue Department - AP Land |publisher=National Informatics Center |accessdate=20 November 2014 |page=11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209182624/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/Kurnool.pdf |archivedate=9 December 2014 }}</ref> The town is located at {{coord|15|08|00|N|78|31|00|E|display=inline}}.

Allagadda is the headquarters of the [[Mandal]] and the Revenue Division. It has an extent of 62.30 km2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ALLAGADA {{!}} Commissioner and Director of Municipal Administration |url=https://cdma.ap.gov.in/en/allagada |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=cdma.ap.gov.in}}</ref>

The town is 118 km from [[Kurnool]] and 42 km from [[Nandyal]] on [[National Highway 40 (India)|National Highway 40]], and 30 km from [[Ahobilam]]. The town lies on the border of the districts [[Kurnool]] and [[Kadapa]].

Allagadda is famous for stone carving, also ahobilam temple. Ahobilam, located near Allagadda, is a significant pilgrimage site for devotees of Lord Narasimha, the lion-headed avatar of Vishnu. It's known for the nine self-manifested (Swayambhu) temples of Lord Narasimha, each representing a different form and aspect of the deity.

== Politics ==
During the 2024 election, BHUMA AKHILA PRIYA (MLA) was elected as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) for the [[Allagadda (Assembly constituency)|Allagadda Assembly Constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2024/andhra-pradesh/allagadda-election-result-s01a134/|title=Allagadda Assembly Election Results 2024 Live: Allagadda Constituency (Seat) Election Results, Live News.|website=News18|access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref>

Allagadda [[Town Council]] is the fifth largest [[Urban Local Body]] in the erstwhile [[Kurnool]] district of Andhra Pradesh; the [[Town Council]] was established in the year 2011.<ref name="auto"/>

In April 2022, the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] created a new District, with [[Nandyal]] as the district and district headquarters. Allagadda was merged with [[Nandyal District]].

== Transport ==
The [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]] operates bus services from allagadda Depot. The nearest railway station [[Nandyal Junction]] (NDL) is 38 km away from the town. [[Kurnool]]
[[airport]] is 95.2 km distance, and [[Cuddapah|kadapa]] airport is 82.4 km away from Allagadda.

== History ==
The history of Allagadda dates back to the second century BCE. The evidence from the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] suggests that it was started during the [[Maurya Empire|Mourya Empire]] and [[Satavahana dynasty]]. Since then the town has been under the rule of numerous dynasties including [[Chalukya]], [[Cholas]], and [[Pallava]].

From 1336 to 1647, Allagadda was under the [[Vijayanagara kingdom]] during this time many temples were built by Vijayanagara kings.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite book |last=Narahari Gopalakristnamah Chetty |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279408 |title=A Manual Of The Kurnool District In The Presidency Of Madras |date=1886}}</ref>

[[File:Upper_ahobillam.jpg|thumb|Upper ahobilam temple]]

Upper Ahobillam Temple was built between the 14th century and 16th century CE.
[[File:Lower_Ahobilam_near_allagadda.jpg|thumb|Ahobilam near allagadda.]]

Between 1746 and 1799 Allagadda was under the [[Bijapur]] Nawabs ruling independently. Following the [[Treaty of Seringapatam]] the [[Tippu Sultan]] agreed to give his northern territory to the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] in 1792. In 1796, the then Nizam [[Asaf Jah II]], harassed by the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] and [[Tipu Sultan]], opted to get British military protection under [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Lord Wellesley's]] doctrine of [[Subsidiary alliance|Subsidiary Alliance]]. As a part of this agreement, the Nizam ceded a large portion of the acquired territory to the British, to be added to the [[Madras Presidency]].

Allagadda came under the direct control of [[British Raj|the British]] as part of the [[Ceded Districts]] in 1800, and merged with [[Cuddapah District]] in 1801. Later it was merged with the [[Kurnool district]] when Kurnool came under British control from the last nawab of [[Kurnool]] on 12 July 1840.<ref name="auto1"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* "Rise and Fall of Allagadda" by Guru Venkatesh
* "Allagadda: Heaven on Earth" by Guru Venkatesh
{{Nandyal district}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Nandyal district]]

Abdul Khaliq Madrasi

2025-04-13T22:02:21Z

Prabhash Sharma: creating a bio

{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar (b. 1953)}}
{{about|Abdul Khaliq Madrasi|Abdul Khaliq Sambhali|Abdul Khaliq Sambhali}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Abdul Khaliq Madrasi
| image =
| honorific_prefix = Mawlana
| office1 = Deputy Vice Chancellor of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
| term_start1 = 1997
| predecessor1 = [[Habibur Rahman Khairabadi]]
| module = {{Infobox religious biography|embed = yes|religion=Islam
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1953|03|10}}
|birth_place = Jadwal, [[Arcot, Tamil Nadu|Arcot]], [[Madras State]], India {{small|(now Arcot, [[Ranipet district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India)}}
|alma_mater = {{bulleted list|[[Baqiyat Salihat Arabic College|Madrasa Baqiyat Salihat]]|Darul Uloom Sabilur Rashad, Benglore|[[Darul Uloom Deoband]]}}
|teachers = {{bulleted list|[[Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad]]|[[Naseer Ahmad Khan (scholar)|Naseer Ahmad Khan]]|[[Wahiduzzaman Kairanawi]]}}
|denomination = [[Sunni Islam]]
|movement = [[Deobandi]]
|Madh'hab = [[Hanafi]]
|creed = [[Maturidi]]
|occupation = [[Islamic scholar]]
|main_interests = [[Arabic literature]]
}}
}}

'''Abdul Khaliq Madrasi''' (born 10 March 1953) is an Indian Islamic scholar. He is a professor of Hadith and deputy vice chancellor of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2022-04-29 |title=Darul Uloom admission: Police verification mandatory before enrolment |url=https://theprint.in/india/darul-uloom-admission-police-verification-mandatory-before-enrolment/935745/ |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=[[ThePrint]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2015 |title=Mobile phones adversely affecting edu standard: Darul Uloom |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/mobile-phones-adversely-affecting-edu-standard-darul-uloom-115101000782_1.html |access-date=7 February 2024 |website=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> He has also been doing teaching, administrative, and construction services there for almost half a century.

== Early life and education ==
Abdul Khaliq Madrasi was born on 10 March 1953 in Jadwal, [[Arcot, Tamil Nadu|Arcot]], [[Madras State]], India.<ref name=:"Khalili">{{Cite book |last=Qasmi |first=Muhammadullah Khalili|author-link=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi|url=https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deob-ki-jamey-wa-mukhtasar-tareekh-edition-2|title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jame O Mukhtasar Tareekh |publisher=Shaikh-Ul-Hind Academy |edition=3rd|date= October 2020 |location=India |page=684|language=ur|oclc=1345466013}}</ref><ref name=:"Qafla">{{cite book |last=Burney|first=Khalilur Rahman|title=Qafla-e-Ilmo-o-Kamāl|publisher=Idara-e-Ilmi Markaz|location=Bangalore|pages=404–407|year=2016|language=ur}}</ref>

He received his primary education in the Quran, Urdu, mathematics, and theology at Madrasa Imdad al-Muslimeen, Jadwal, and English, mathematics, geography, and other modern sciences at Lillah Madrasa, Virinchipuram, Tamil Nadu.<ref name=:"Azmi">{{cite book|last1=Azmi|first1=Abul Hasan|title= Maulana Abdul Khaliq Madrasi: Ek Dil-Āwez Shakhsiyyat|trans-title=Maulana Abdul Khaliq Madrasi: A charming personality|edition=1st|date= November 2004|pages=7–10| location =[[Deoband]]|publisher =Maktaba Saut-ul-Quran|language=ur}}</ref>

After that, he studied Persian in 1961 at [[Baqiyat Salihat Arabic College|Madrasa Baqiyat Salihat]],<ref name=:"Qafla"></ref> and in 1963 he started his Arabic studies at Darul Uloom Sabīl al Rashad, Bangalore.<ref name=:"Mausoo'ah">{{cite book |last=Mubarakpuri|first=Arif Jameel|author-link=Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri|title=Mausoo'a Ulama-u- Deoband|trans-title=The Encyclopedia of Deobandi Scholars|date=2021|edition=1st|publisher=Shaikhul Hind Academy|location=Deoband|pages=183–184|language=ar}}</ref><ref name=:"Qafla"></ref> In Darul Uloom Sabīl al-Rashad, he also studied [[Seven readers|seven]] and [[Ten recitations|ten qira'ates]] from Azhar Hasan Amrohvi.{{Sfn|Azmi|2004|p=8}}

In 1969, he was enrolled at Darul Uloom Deoband and graduated from there in 1970.{{Sfn|Azmi|2004|p=10}}{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|p=684}} He studied [[Sahih al-Bukhari]] with [[Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad]].<ref name=:"Diary">{{cite book|last1=Qasmi|first1=Muhammad Tayyib|title=Darul Uloom Diary: Faizān-e-Fakhr-ul-Muhaddithīn Number|publisher=Idara Paigham-e-Mahmood|location=Deoband |page=57|year=2017|language=ur}}</ref> His other teachers in Darul Uloom Deoband also include [[Naseer Ahmad Khan (scholar)|Naseer Ahmad Khan]].<ref name=:"Nuqoosh2">{{cite book |last=Burney|first=Khalilur Rahman Qasmi|title=Nuqoosh-e-Hayāt|url=https://archive.org/details/265_20200405|publisher=Khalilur Rahman Qasmi|location=Deoband|pages=168–226|year=2012|edition=1st|language=ur}}</ref>

After graduation, he completed Arabic literature in 1970, logic in 1971, and graduated from there in 1972–73.<ref name=:"Qafla"></ref> From 1970 until 1974, he worked hard and practiced with [[Wahiduzzaman Kairanawi]] in Arabic literature.{{Sfn|Azmi|2004|p=11}}

== Career ==
In August 1973, Madrasi was appointed as a teacher at Darul Uloom Deoband.{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|pp=684, 767}} He has taught books such as ''[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]'', ''[[Mishkat al-Masabih]]'', ''Al-Qira‘at al-Wāzihah'', ''Tareekh-ul-Adab Al-Arabi'' (of [[Ahmad Hasan al-Zayyat|al-Zayyat]]), [[Al-Mutanabbi]]'s ''Dīwān'' and [[Ash-Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya]], and the teaching of the latter two is still relevant to him.{{Sfn|Azmi|2004|pp=12–13}}<ref name=:"Mausoo'ah"></ref>

Since 1987, he has been the director of the construction department of Darul Uloom Deoband.{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|p=684}} His architectural prowess and creative flair can be seen in the stunning Mosque [[Masjid-e-Rasheed|Jami' Rashid]] at Darul Uloom, the tall Sheikh-ul-Hind Library, and other contemporary structures.{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|p=684}}{{Sfn|Azmi|2004|pp=22–28}}<ref name=:"Mausoo'ah"></ref>

Since 1997 (1418 AH), he has been serving as the Deputy Vice-Chancellor of Dar Uloom Deoband.{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020|pp=684, 751}}
== Views ==
===Yoga ===
Madrasi believes that Muslims who practice [[yoga]] are getting a good form of exercise. If some words, which are supposed to be chanted while performing them, have religious connotations, then Muslims need not utter those. They can instead recite verses from the Quran, praise Allah, or remain silent.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-01-27 |title=Deoband intervenes: Muslims can do yoga |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/deoband-intervenes-muslims-can-do-yoga/ |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Abdul-Samad |first=Dr M. Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QAmKNGDHcXMC&dq=abdul+khaliq+madrasi&pg=PA69 |title=Memahami Shalat Khusyu': Buku Relaksasi, Bukan Meditasi |date=2009-06-01 |publisher=Pustaka Alvabet |isbn=978-979-99803-4-2 |language=id}}</ref>
=== Homosexuality ===
Madrasi considers homosexuality an offense under Shari‘a law, and thus haram [prohibited] in Islam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Religious groups resist India ruling on gays: Decision decriminalizing homosexuality |url=https://www.christiancentury.org/article/2009-08/religious-groups-resist-india-ruling-gays |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=[[The Christian Century]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2009-08-11 |title=Religious groups resist India ruling on gays |url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=43617294&site=eds-live&scope=site |journal=Christian Century |volume=126 |issue=16 |pages=19}}</ref> He criticised the Delhi High Court decision of de-criminalising homosexuality and observed that it would corrupt Indian boys and girls.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Andrea R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rbryDwAAQBAJ&dq=abdul+khaliq+madrasi&pg=PA141 |title=Peace Love Yoga: The Politics of Global Spirituality |date=2020-07-28 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-088864-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhan |first=Indu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b75ODwAAQBAJ&dq=abdul+khaliq+madrasi&pg=PT209 |title=The Dramatic Decade – Landmark Cases of Modern India: Landmark Cases of Modern India |date=2017-12-13 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-87625-37-2 |language=en}}</ref>

===Politics===
Madrasi issued a statement on behalf of Darul Uloom Deoband regarding the harm done to places of worship as a result of roads or construction, stating that if any place of worship, regardless of religion, is disturbed, Darul Uloom will take the problem seriously.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-09-23 |title='Darul-Uloom against damage to any place of worship' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/%E2%80%98Darul-Uloom-against-damage-to-any-place-of-worship%E2%80%99/article10388117.ece |access-date=2024-02-07 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In his perspective, the [[Uniform Civil Code]] will be divisive and cause societal upheaval. It violates the spirit of the Constitution, which guarantees every citizen the right to exercise his or her religion.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-16 |title=UCC will lead to social unrest, says Deoband |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ucc-will-lead-to-social-unrest-says-deoband/articleshow/101791282.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-07 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madrasi, Abdul Khaliq}}
{{Darul Uloom Deoband}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:People from Vellore district]]
[[Category:People from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Educators from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Darul Uloom Deoband]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]

Ha Khel Savalyancha

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Chaudhri

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