Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Premalatha Vijayakanth

2026-05-07T22:08:56Z

PiperByrum18:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Premalatha Vijayakanth
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 6 May 2026
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Virudhachalam Assembly constituency|Virudhachalam]]
| party = [[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam]]
| predecessor = [[R. Radhakrishnan (INC politician)|R. Radhakrishnan]]
| successor =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1969|03|18}}
| birth_place = [[Ambur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| father = L. Kannaiah
| mother = K. Hamsaveni
| spouse = [[Vijayakanth]] (m. 1990, d. 2023)
| children = 2 (including [[Shanmuga Pandian]])
| relatives = [[L.K. Sudhish|L. K. Sudhish]] (brother)
| education = Auxilium College, Katpadi (B.A. in English Literature)
| occupation = Politician, Agriculture/Public Service<ref>https://myneta.info/TamilNadu2026/candidate.php?candidate_id=1331</ref>
}}

'''Premalatha Vijayakanth''' (born 18 March 1969) is an Indian politician from Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rashmi |title=Premalatha Vijayakanth: Age, Biography, Education, Husband, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/premalatha-vijayakanth-71780.html |access-date=4 May 2026 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref> She is the General Secretary of the [[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam]]. She is a member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Virudhachalam Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2025 |title=Alliance in which DMDK is a part will win 2026 Assembly elections, says Premalatha Vijayakanth |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Nov/24/alliance-in-which-dmdk-is-a-part-will-win-2026-assembly-elections-says-premalatha-vijayakanth |access-date=4 May 2026 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Premalatha was born in [[Ambur]], Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. Her father Kannaiah was a manager in a sugar factory while her mother Hamsaveni is a housewife.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/anchor-captain-s-ship-conversation-premalatha-first-lady-tn-s-third-front-42250|title=Anchor of Captain’s ship: In conversation with Premalatha, first lady of TN’s third front|first=Dhanya|last=Rajendran|date=26 April 2016|website=The News Minute}}</ref> She did her graduation in English literature.<ref name="myneta">{{cite web|url=https://www.myneta.info/TamilNadu2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=2116|title=Premalatha Vijayakant (DMDK): Constituency - Vridhachalam (Cuddalore) - affidavit Information of Candidate|website=myneta.info|access-date=4 May 2026}}</ref> She married actor [[Vijayakanth]] in 1990 and together they have two sons, Vijay Prabhakar and [[Shanmuga Pandian]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2020 |title=Captain Vijayakanth's birthday special selfie goes viral - Don't miss the happy family pic |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/captain-vijayakanths-birthday-special-selfie-goes-viral-dont-miss-the-happy.html |access-date=4 May 2026 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=27 April 2016 |title=Anchor of Captain’s ship: In conversation with Premalatha, first lady of TN’s third front |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/anchor-captains-ship-conversation-premalatha-first-lady-tns-third-front-42250 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519175001/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/anchor-captains-ship-conversation-premalatha-first-lady-tns-third-front-42250 |archive-date=19 May 2021 |access-date=4 May 2026 |work=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

==Political career==
Premalatha became an MLA for the time winning the [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Virudhachalam Assembly constituency]] representing Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam. She polled 69,351 votes and defeated her nearest rival, Vijay. S of [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]], by a margin of 2,387 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vriddhachalam Election Result 2026: Vriddhachalam Assembly Seat Results, MLA's, Candidates, Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/tamil-nadu/vriddhachalam-constituency-result-33152 |access-date=4 May 2026 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2026 |title=Virudhachalam Election Result 2026: Premalatha Vijayakanth wins with 69351 votes |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/tamil-nadu/news-vridhachalam-election-result-live-dmdk-s-premalatha-vijayakanth-leads-by-2-400-votes-tamil-nadu-elections-2026-2026-05-04-1039885 |access-date=4 May 2026 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijayakanth, Premalatha}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Women members of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:People from Vellore district]]

Kovalam Assembly constituency

2026-05-07T17:20:24Z

PiperByrum18:

{{short description|Constituency of the Kerala legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kovalam
| type = SLA
| state = [[Kerala]]
| constituency_no = 139
| map_image = {{Photomontage
| photo1a =
| photo2a = Poovar Kerala.jpg
| photo3a = 01KovalamBeach&Kerala.jpg
| spacing = 1
| color_border = black
| color = white
| size = 200
}}
| map_caption = '''Top to Bottom''': Cruise ship at [[Vizhinjam]] Port, [[Poovar]] Beach, [[Kovalam]] Lighthouse
| established = 1965
| reservation = None
| district = [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]
| mla = [[M. Vincent]]
| party = [[File:Indian National Congress hand logo.svg|20px]] [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| alliance = {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|'''[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]'''|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| electors = 2,18,656 (2021)
}}
'''Kovalam''' is one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Kerala]] in southern [[India]]. It is also one of the seven [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies included in [[Thiruvananthapuram Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://trivandrum.nic.in/constituencies
|website = trivandrum.nic.in
|title = State Assembly Constituencies in Thiruvananthapuram district
|access-date = 16 March 2020
}}</ref> As of the [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026 Assembly elections]], the current MLA is [[M. Vincent]] of [[Indian National Congress|INC]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Member
! colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|J. C. Moraes
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]]
|M. Kunjukrishnan Nadar
|-
|[[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|A. Neelalohitadasan Nadar
|-
|[[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|M. R. Raghu Chandra Bal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|-
|[[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|N. Shakthan Nadar
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Neelalohithadasan Nadar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Lok Dal}}
|-
|[[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)|dab=y}}
|-
|[[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|George Mercier
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|[[Jameela Prakasam|Jameela Prakasham]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|-
|[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| rowspan="3" |[[M. Vincent]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
| [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|}

== Election results ==
Percentage change (±%) denotes the change in the number of votes from the immediate previous election.

===2026===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kovalam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[M. Vincent]]|votes=79,661|percentage=51.32|change={{increase}}4.26}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|candidate= Bhagath Rufus|votes=46,952|percentage=30.23|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party= BJP|candidate=T. N. Suresh|votes=25,380|percentage=16.35|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=976|percentage=0.63|change={{increase}}0.14}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate= Manoj S. P.|votes=677|percentage=0.44|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Republican Party|candidate= M.Sugathan |votes=469|percentage=0.30|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate= N. Jayarajan|votes=459|percentage=0.30|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate= Adv. Sabu S Philip|votes=372|percentage=0.24|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate= Venganoor Asokan|votes=169|percentage=0.11|change={{decrease}}0.07}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Kiran S Pillai|votes=122|percentage=0.08|change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 32,709
|percentage = 21.07
|change = {{increase}}13.80
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,55,237|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
There were 2,18,656 registered voters in the constituency for the 2021 Kerala Assembly election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2021, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2021|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title=[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kovalam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[M. Vincent]]|votes=74,868|percentage=47.06|change={{increase}}7.92|}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Dal (Secular)|candidate=Neelalohitadasan Nadar|votes=63,306|percentage=39.79|change={{increase}}2.34|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Kerala Kamaraj Congress|candidate=Vishupuram Chandrasekharan|votes=18,664|percentage=11.73|change=|}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=773|percentage=0.49|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=K. R. Anish|votes=641|percentage=0.40|change={{decrease}}0.25}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=V. S. Prince|votes=417|percentage=0.26|change=|}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Venganoor Asokan|votes=284|percentage=0.18|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=R. I. Ajil|votes=147|percentage=0.09|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory||percentage=7.27|votes=11,562|change={{increase}}5.58}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,59,100|percentage=72.76|change={{decrease}}1.47}}

{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|swing=}}{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===
There were 2,07,410 registered voters in the constituency for the 2016 Kerala Assembly election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kovalam}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[M. Vincent]]|votes=60,268|percentage=39.14|change={{decrease}}2.70|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Dal (Secular)|candidate=Jameela Prakasham|votes=57,653|percentage=37.45|change={{decrease}}10.15|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharath Dharma Jana Sena|candidate=Kovalam T. N. Suresh|votes=30,987|percentage=20.13|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=K. R. Anish|votes=996|percentage=0.65|change={{decrease}}0.28}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=M. C. Jayalal|votes=933|percentage=0.61|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=845|percentage=0.55|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Pramod Kumar|votes=564|percentage=0.37|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian Gandhiyan Party|candidate=Sarasamma T.|votes=558|percentage=0.36|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory||votes=2,615|percentage=1.69|change={{decrease}}4.07 }}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,53,966|percentage=74.23|change={{increase}}5.15}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|loser=Janata Dal (Secular)|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===
There were 1,83,616 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011|access-date=11 March 2020|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kovalam}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Dal (Secular)|candidate=Jameela Prakasham|votes=59,510|percentage=47.60|change=|}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=George Mercier|votes=52,305|percentage=41.84|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Venganoor Satheesh|votes=9,127|percentage=7.30|change=|}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Thanka Bai T.|votes=1,231|percentage=0.98|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=A. M. Nizam|votes=1,193|percentage=0.95|change=|}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Muraleedharan|votes=1,157|percentage=0.93|change=|}}
{{Election box margin of victory||votes=7,205|percentage=5.76|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,25,008|percentage=68.08|change=}}

{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Janata Dal (Secular)|loser=Indian National Congress|swing=}}{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Kovalam]]
* [[Thiruvananthapuram district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
* [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]
[[Category:State assembly constituencies in Thiruvananthapuram district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1965]]
[[Category:1965 establishments in Kerala]]

Suhail Zaheer Lari

2026-04-30T06:20:30Z

PiperByrum18: Created New Data

{{Short description|Pakistani historian and author (1936–2020)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Suhail Zaheer Lari
| image = Suhail Zaheer Lari.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1936|11|13|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Gorakhpur]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|12|05|1936|11|13|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], Pakistan
| occupation = Historian and author
| known_for = Preservation of cultural heritage
| spouse = [[Yasmeen Lari]]
}}

'''Suhail Zaheer Lari''' (13 November 1936{{spnd}}5 December 2020; {{langx|ur|{{nq|سہیل ظہیر لاری}}}}) was a Pakistani historian and author who focused on research and documentation of the history of the [[Sindh]] region in Southern Pakistan.

He was a co-founder of the Heritage Foundation of Pakistan, a conservation organization which sought to draw awareness to the region's art, architecture, and cultural heritage.

== Early life ==
Lari was born in [[Gorakhpur]], in modern-day [[Uttar Pradesh]] state in India, on 13 November 1936, in what was then undivided British India and was raised in [[Allahabad]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Masood|first=Salman|date=21 January 2021|title=Suhail Zaheer Lari, Force for Preservation in Pakistan, Dies at 84|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/21/obituaries/suhail-zaheer-lari-dead-coronavirus.html|access-date=25 January 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=24 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124145029/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/21/obituaries/suhail-zaheer-lari-dead-coronavirus.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lari|first=Suhail Zaheer|title=Gorakhpur|url=https://www.suhaillaripakistan.com/chapters/Gorakhpur/|access-date=25 January 2021|website=Suhail Lari Pakistan|language=en|archive-date=31 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131121213/https://www.suhaillaripakistan.com/chapters/Gorakhpur/|url-status=live}}</ref> His mother, Qabila Khatoon, was a homemaker while his father, [[Zahirul Hasnain Lari|Zaheer ul Hasnain Lari]] was a judge and lawyer. The family was known to be close to India's first prime minister, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. The family did not leave for Pakistan during the [[Partition of India]] in 1947, but, remained in Allahabad until 1950, when they moved to Lahore and later to Karachi.<ref name=":0" />

Lari studied politics, philosophy and economics at [[St Catherine's College, Oxford]], where he gained admission after writing to British philosopher [[Isaiah Berlin]].<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Returning from England after his studies, Lari spent two decades in the corporate world, becoming the managing director of Khyber Insurance Company. He gave up his role when the company was nationalized by the government.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Kazim|first=Syeda Shehrbano|date=21 July 2016|title=Conserving the country's heritage|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1272168|access-date=25 January 2021|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|archive-date=26 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726210949/http://www.dawn.com/news/1272168|url-status=live}}</ref> Post his retirement from the corporate world, he immersed himself in research and documentation of the history of the Sindh region of Southern Pakistan.<ref name=":0" />

Along with his wife, [[Yasmeen Lari]], he founded the [[Heritage Foundation Pakistan]] in 1980, as a conservation organization to generate awareness about Pakistan's art, architecture, and cultural heritage. Specifically, they focused on the preservation of over 600 historical buildings, many of which were in advanced stages of decay.<ref name=":0" /> In one of his noted actions, he drew attention to the [[Makli Necropolis]], through multiple proposals for its conservation leading to the cemetery becoming a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]].<ref name=":0" />

As an author and a photographer, he generated interest and attention to the history of the Sindh region in Southern Pakistan.<ref name=":0" /> He wrote more than 60 books on history, heritage and culture including ''An Illustrated History of Sindh'', ''Neither Islamic nor Persian'', ''Makli under the Samma'', ''Makli under the Sufi'', ''Makli under Timurid'', and ''Meri Society Ke Log.''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reporter|first=The Newspaper's Staff|date=6 December 2020|title=Suhail Lari dies of Covid-19|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1594194|access-date=25 January 2021|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104153622/https://www.dawn.com/news/1594194|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Renowned author Suhail Lari passes away in Karachi {{!}} SAMAA|url=https://www.samaa.tv/living/2020/12/renowned-author-suhail-lari-passes-away-in-karachi/|access-date=25 January 2021|website=Samaa TV|date=5 December 2020 |language=en-US|archive-date=6 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206211425/https://www.samaa.tv/living/2020/12/renowned-author-suhail-lari-passes-away-in-karachi/|url-status=live}}</ref> His book ''Meri Mitti Ke Log,'' chronicled the rise of [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]], Pakistan's fourth President, while ''Meri Society Ke Log'' was a societal snapshot of guests at his home.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Grief in the time of pandemic|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/757666-grief-in-the-time-of-pandemic|access-date=25 January 2021|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en|archive-date=3 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103053145/https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/757666-grief-in-the-time-of-pandemic|url-status=live}}</ref> He also wrote his own memoirs online documenting his life.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lari|first=Suhail Zaheer|title=Suhail Lari Pakistan|url=https://www.suhaillaripakistan.com/|access-date=25 January 2021|website=Suhail Lari Pakistan|language=en|archive-date=21 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821040113/http://www.suhaillaripakistan.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>

He was an advocate of [[rainwater harvesting]] as a means to conserve groundwater and means to avoid flooding.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2020|title=Solution to flooding|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1577875|access-date=25 January 2021|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|archive-date=4 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904140615/https://www.dawn.com/news/1577875|url-status=live}}</ref> He also advocated the need for low-cost housing to train manpower to build earthquake and flood resistant housing.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 September 2019|title=Housing for poor|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1505514|access-date=25 January 2021|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|archive-date=20 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920124118/https://www.dawn.com/news/1505514|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Lari met his future wife [[Yasmeen Lari|Yasmeen Ahsan]] (later Yasmeen Lari) when he was in Lahore and she went on to study architecture in [[London]]. With their parents objecting to their marriage, he would write in his memoir that they threatened to get married in Scotland where the legal age for marriage was lower than that in England; their parents subsequently agreed to the union.<ref name=":0" /> His wife, Yasmeen went on to become a prominent architect in Pakistan. The couple had two sons and a daughter.<ref name=":0" /> Their house would be the site for artists, politicians, and writers to meet.<ref name=":2" />

Lari died on 5 December 2020 from [[COVID-19]] related complications. He was aged 84.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Publications ==

* {{Cite book|last=Lari|first=Suhail Zaheer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LfFtAAAAMAAJ|title=A History of Sindh|date=1994|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-577501-3|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Lari|first1=Suhail Zaheer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fRtuAAAAMAAJ&q=Suhail+zaheer+lari|title=The Jewel of Sindh: Samma Monuments on Makli Hill : with 326 Illustrations, 50 in Colour|last2=Lari|first2=Yasmeen|date=1997|publisher=Heritage Foundation|isbn=978-0-19-577901-1|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|last=Lari|first=Suhail Zaheer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f2KPGwAACAAJ|title=An Illustrated History of Sindh|date=2002|publisher=Heritage Foundation, Pakistan|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|last=Lari|first=Suhail Zaheer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1kzuHAAACAAJ|title=Neither Islamic Nor Persian: A History of Muslim Painting|date=2002|publisher=Heritage Foundation Pakistan|isbn=978-0-00-969865-1|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|last=Lari|first=Suhail Zaheer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ot7nxQEACAAJ|title=Meri Mitti Kay Log|date=2012|publisher=Heritage Foundation of Pakistan|isbn=978-969-8655-17-4|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|last=Lari|first=Suhail Zaheer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zlVQtAEACAAJ|title=Makli Under the Sammas|date=2017|publisher=Heritage Foundation of Pakistan|isbn=978-969-8655-29-7|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|last=Lari|first=Suhail Zaheer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8wFugEACAAJ|title=Makli During Mughal Rule|date=2018|publisher=Heritage Foundation of Pakistan|isbn=978-969-8655-34-1|language=en}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani historians]]
[[Category:Pakistani conservationists]]
[[Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Sindh]]
[[Category:Alumni of St Catherine's College, Oxford]]
[[Category:21st-century Pakistani historians]]
[[Category:People from Gorakhpur]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]

Diljit Dosanjh discography

2026-04-29T16:43:01Z

PiperByrum18:

{{Short description|none}}

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox artist discography
| Artist = [[Diljit Dosanjh]]
| Image = Diljit-Dosanjh-and-others-grace-Rising-Star-2-Uthao-Soch-Ki-Deewar-3.jpg(2).edit1 (cropped).jpg
| Studio = 13
| EP = 1
| Singles = 41
| 4Option name = As exec. producer
| 4Option = 1
}}

Indian singer [[Diljit Dosanjh]] has released 13 studio albums, one extended plays, and 41 singles. In 2020, he entered the [[Social 50]] chart by ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', following the release of his 11th album ''[[G.O.A.T. (Diljit Dosanjh album)|G.O.A.T.]]'' The album also entered the top 20 in the [[Canadian Albums Chart]]. His 12th album ''MoonChild Era'' charted at number 32 on the [[Canadian Albums Chart]].

== Albums ==

===Studio albums===
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Title
! rowspan="2" | Album details
! colspan="4" | Peak chart positions
! rowspan="2" | Music
|-
! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[ARIA Charts|AUS]] <ref>{{cite magazine|title=The ARIA Report: Week Commencing 3 November 2025|magazine=The ARIA Report|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|issue=1861|page=6|date=3 November 2025}}</ref>
! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[Canadian Albums Chart|CAN]] <ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-albums/2025-11-01/|title=''Billboard'' Canadian Albums: Week of November 1, 2025|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=28 October 2025}}</ref>
! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ]] <ref>{{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/albums/2023-10-06|title=NZ Top 40 Albums Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=9 October 2023|access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>
! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[UK Album Downloads Chart|UK Digital]] <ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Diljit Dosanjh songs and albums {{!}} full Official Chart history |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/24497/diljit-dosanjh |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=[[Official Charts Company]]}}

Diljit Dosanjh/ Jatinder Shah: https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/48856/diljit-dosanjh-jatinder-shah/

Diljit Dosanjh & Sia: https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/diljit-dosanjhsiakurstin/

Intense/Diljit Dosanjh: https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/60599/intense-diljit-dosanjh/
* Diljit Dosanjh/Sia: https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/diljit-dosanjhsiakurstin/</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |''DIL''
|
* Released: 2002
* Label: Finetone (India)
* Formats: [[Compact disc|CD]], [[Music download|digital download]], [[Streaming media|streaming]]
| — || — || — || —
|| Sukhpal Sukh (India)
|-
!scope="row" |''Ishq Da Uda Adaa''
|
* Released: 2002
* Label: Newtek Music Co (Canada)
* Formats: CD, digital download, streaming
| — || — || — || —
|| Babloo Mahendra
|-
!scope="row" |''Haysha (UK)''
|
* Released: 2004
* Label: Kiss (UK)
* Formats: CD, digital download, streaming
| — || — || — || —
|| Sukhpal Sukh (India)
Steve Singhfello (UK)
|-
!scope="row" |''Smile'' (India & Canada) ''Over Exposure'' (UK)
|
* Released: 2 May 2005
* Label: Finetone (India), Saahil Music (UK), Planet (Canada)
* Formats: CD, digital download, streaming
| — || — || — || —
|| Sukhpal Sukh
|-
!scope="row" |''Ishq Ho Gaya''
|
* Released: 2006
* Label: Finetone (India & Canada)
* Formats: CD, digital download, streaming
| — || — || — || —
|| [[Sachin Ahuja]]
|-
!scope="row" | ''Chocolate''
|
* Released: 14 February 2008
* Label: [[Times Music|Speed]] (India), Planet (Canada), VIP Music (UK)
* Formats: CD, digital download, streaming
| — || — || — || —
|| Pavneet Birgi
|-
!scope="row" |''[[The Next Level]]''
|
* Released: 22 August 2009
* Label: [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
* Formats: CD, digital download, streaming
| — || — || — || —
|| [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]
|-
!scope="row" | ''Sikh''
|
* Released: 27 April 2012
* Label: Speed
* Formats: CD, digital download, streaming
| — || — || — || —
|| JSL, NG, Amandeep Singh
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Back 2 Basics (Diljit Dosanjh album)|Back 2 Basics]]''
|
* Released: 1 November 2012
* Label: Moviebox (UK), Speed (India)
* Formats: CD, digital download, streaming
| — || — || — || 87
|| [[Tru Skool]]
|-
!scope="row" | ''Con.Fi.Den.Tial''
|
* Released: 26 February 2018
* Label: T-Series
* Formats: CD, digital download, streaming
| — || — || — || 31
| Snappy
|-
!scope="row" | ''Roar''
|
* Released: 18 December 2018
* Label: Famous Studios
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| — || — || — || 81
|| [[Jatinder Shah]]
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[G.O.A.T. (Diljit Dosanjh album)|G.O.A.T.]]''
|
* Released: 29 July 2020
* Label: Self-released
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| — || 16 || — || 47
|| Various
|-
!scope="row" | ''MoonChild Era''
|
* Released: 22 August 2021
* Label: Self-released
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| — || 32 <ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-albums/2021-09-04|title=Billboard Canadian Albums Chart: Week of September 4, 2021|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=31 August 2021}}</ref> || — || 41
|| Intense
|-
!scope="row"| ''Ghost''
|
* Released: 29 September 2023
* Label: Diljit Dosanjh
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| — || 5 <ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-albums/2023-10-14/|title=Billboard Canadian Albums Chart: Week of October 14, 2023|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref> || 24 || 24
|Thiarajxtt, Intense
|-
!scope="row"| ''Aura''
|
* Released: 15 October 2025
* Label: Warner Music India
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| 56 || 39 || — || —
|MixSingh, Intense, Preet Hundal, Avvy Syra, Offgrid
|}

== Extended plays ==

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"style="text-align:center;"
|+List of EPs, with release date, label and selected chart positions
! rowspan="2" | Title
! rowspan="2" | EP details
!| Peak chart positions
|-
! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[Canadian Albums Chart|CAN]] <ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-albums/2022-07-30/|title=Billboard Canadian Albums: Week of July 30, 2022|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=26 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''Urban Legend'' (with Mickey Singh)
|
* Released: March 1st, 2024
* Label: Diljit Dosanjh, Treehouse
* Format: Digital download, streaming
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''Drive Thru''
|
* Released: 15 July 2022
* Label: Self-released
* Format: [[Music download|Digital download]], [[Streaming media|streaming]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 39
|-
!scope="row"|''The Call of Punjab''
{{Small|(with Tru Skool)}}
|
* Released: 23 April 2026
* Label: Famous Studios
* Format: [[Music download|Digital download]], [[Streaming media|streaming]]
| style="text-align: center;" |
|}

==Singles==
===As lead artist===
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Year
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Music
! scope="col" colspan="4" | Peak chart positions
! rowspan="2" |[[List of music recording certifications|Certifications]]
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Lyrics
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Label
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Album
|-
! scope="col" | [[Canadian Hot 100|CAN]] <ref>Peaks on the Canadian Hot 100:
* "Chauffeur": {{Cite magazine |title=Billboard Canadian Hot 100: Week of 30 April 2022 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-hot-100/2022-04-30/}}
* "Case": {{Cite magazine |title=Billboard Canadian Hot 100: Week of 28 October 2023 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-hot-100/2023-10-28/ |access-date=24 October 2023}}
* "Hass Hass": {{Cite magazine |title=Billboard Canadian Hot 100: Week of 18 November 2023 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-hot-100/2023-11-18/ |access-date=14 November 2023}}
* "Dealer": {{Cite magazine |title=Billboard Canadian Hot 100: Week of 28 March 2026 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-hot-100/2026-03-28/ |access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref>
! scope="col" | [[NZ Hot Singles|NZ Hot]] <ref>Peaks in New Zealand:
* "Hass Hass": {{Cite web|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2023-11-03|website=Recorded Music NZ|date=6 November 2023|access-date=4 November 2023}}
* "Khutti": {{Cite web|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2024-03-29|website=Recorded Music NZ|date=1 April 2024|access-date=29 March 2024}}
* "Muhammad Ali": {{Cite web|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2024-08-30|website=Recorded Music NZ|date=5 August 2024|access-date=2 August 2024}}
* "Ranjha": {{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2026-03-20|title=Hot 40 Singles|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=20 March 2026|access-date=21 March 2026}}</ref>
! scope="col" | [[UK Asian Music Chart|UK Asian]] <ref name=":0" />
! scope="col" | [[Official Charts Company|UK Punjabi]]
|-
! scope="row" | "Daka"
|2002
|Sachin Ahuja
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Diljit Dosanjh, Raj Kakra, Nimma Lubana, Jaggi, Satta Kotli
| rowspan="2" |T-Series & Finetone
|''Ishq Ho Gaya''
|-
! scope="row" | "Smile"
|2005
|Sukhpal Sukh
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Balvir Bhoparai
|''Smile''
|-
! scope="row" | "Chocolate"
| 2008
| Pavneet Birgi
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Jaggi Singh
|[[Times Music]]
|''Chocolate''
|-
!scope="row" | "Soormay Pistolan Waley – Bhagat Singh" {{small|(with [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]])}}
| rowspan="7" |2009
|Yo Yo Honey Singh
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Pirti
|
| {{Non-album single}}
|-
!scope="row" | "Jatt Bukda Firre"
|Bhinda Aujla
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|
| Kamlee Records Ltd.(UK)|| ''2009 Vich No Tension''
|-
! scope="row" | "Dil Nachda"
| rowspan="5" |[[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Balvir Boparai
| rowspan="4" |T-Series
| rowspan="4" |''[[The Next Level]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Panga" {{Small|(with Yo Yo Honey Singh)}}
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
| rowspan="3" |Pirti Silon
|-
! scope="row" | "Desi Daaru"
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Los Angelas{{sic}} (LA)" {{Small|(featuring Yo Yo Honey Singh)}}
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Dance with Me" {{small|(featuring Yo Yo Honey Singh)}}
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Yo Yo Honey Singh
| Mafia Mundeer |UK Punjabi Studios
| {{N/A|Non-album single}}
|-
!scope="row" |"Punjabi Munde" {{Small|(featuring [[Deep (rapper)|Deep Cold]])}}
| rowspan="3" |2010
|[[Jaidev Kumar]]
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Jaggi Singh, Kamla Punjabi
|Tips Music
|''[[Mel Karade Rabba]]'' soundtrack
|-
!scope="row" | "Battle Of Mundeer " {{small|(featuring Yo Yo Honey Singh)}}
|Yo Yo Honey Singh, [[Raftaar]], Lil Golu, [[Ikka Singh]] & [[Alfaaz]]
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Yo Yo Honey Singh
|Mafia Mundeer
|''International Villager''
|-
!scope="row" | "Dubb Ch Revalver"
|Jassi Brothers
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Pirti Selio
|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]|| ''Ral Bhangra Payiye''
|-
!scope="row" |"Warrant"
| rowspan="6" |2011
|Jaidev Kumar
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Tejpal Mizaj
|T-Series
|[[Dharti (2011 film)|''Dharti'']] soundtrack
|-
!scope="row" |"Lak 28 Kudi Da" {{Small|(featuring [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]])}}
|Bachan Bedil
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|[[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]
|[[Times Music|Speed Records]]
|''[[The Lion of Punjab (film)|The Lion of Punjab]]'' soundtrack
|-
!scope="row" |"Jithe Ho Jive Khade" {{Small|(with [[Gippy Grewal]])}}
| rowspan="2" |Bhinda Aujla
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Kala Nizampuri
| rowspan="2" |Tips Music
| rowspan="2" |''[[Jihne Mera Dil Luteya]]'' soundtrack
|-
! scope="row" | "Jhanjhar" {{Small|(with Gippy Grewal & Gurlez Akhtar)}}
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Jaggi Singh
|-
!scope="row" | "Chustiyan"
|Sachin Ahuja
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Sachin Ahuja
| Diljit Dosanjh |
| rowspan="3" {{Non-album singles}}
|-
!scope="row" | "Kale Kale Suit "
|[[Raftaar]] & [[Bohemia (rapper)|Bohemia]]
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Veet Baljeet
|Urban Pendu
|-
!scope="row" | "Miss Lonely" {{small|(featuring Ikka)}}
| rowspan="9" | 2012
|JSL Singh
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Ikka
|Diljit Dosanjh
|-
!scope="row" | "Bodyguard – Gaddafi Song"
|Joy Atul
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Veet Baljeet
|T-Series|| ''Bhangra Paa Mittra''
|-
!scope="row" |"Gobind De Lal"
| rowspan="2" |Amandeep Singh
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
| rowspan="2" |Jaggi Singh
| rowspan="2" |Lokdhun Punjabi
| rowspan="2" |''Sikh''
|-
!scope="row" |"Nanki Da Veer"
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Fatto"
|[[Jatinder Shah]]
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Kumaar
| rowspan="4" |Speed Records
|[[Jatt & Juliet]] soundtrack
|-
!scope="row" |"Kharku"
| rowspan="3" |Tru Skool
|—
|—
|1<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20121111/asian/ |access-date=13 January 2023 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|—
|
|Veet Baljit
| rowspan="3" |''[[Back 2 Basics (Diljit Dosanjh album)|Back 2 Basics]]''
|-
!scope="row" |"Radio"
|—
|—
|5
|—
|
|Kumaar
|-
!scope="row" |"Truck"
|—
|—
|23
|—
|
|Veet Baljit
|-
! scope="row"| "Aaja Bhangra Pa Laiye"
|Jaidev Kumar
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Kumaar
|Eros Now Music
|''Saadi Love Story'' soundtrack
|-
!scope="row" |"Main Fan Bhagat Singh Da"
| rowspan="5" |2013
|JSL Singh
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Ikka
|Sony Music
|''Bikkar Bai Senti Mental'' soundtrack
|-
! scope="row" | "Shoulder"
| rowspan="2" |Jatinder Shah
|—
|—
|9
|—
|
| rowspan="2" |Kumaar
| rowspan="2" |Speed Records
| rowspan="2" |''[[Jatt & Juliet 2]]'' soundtrack
|-
! scope="row" | "Mr Singh"
|—
|—
|12
|—
|
|-
!scope="row" | "[[Proper Patola]]" {{small|(with [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]])}}
|[[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] & Sachh
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Badshah
|[[Sony Music]] [[Vevo]]
|rowspan="4" {{Non-album singles}}
|-
!scope="row" | "ELTT – The Judai Song"
|JSL Singh
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Ikka
|Diljit Dosanjh
|-
!scope="row" | "Soorma"
| rowspan="16" | 2014
|Sachin Ahuja
|—
|—
|1
|—
|
|Jagroop Sarbha
|Speed Records
|-
!scope="row" | "RayBan"
|Millind Gaba
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Ikka
|Diljit Dosanjh
|-
!scope="row" | "Kamm Sardara Da (Work of Warriors)"
|Tejwant Kittu
|—
|—
|6
|—
|
|Traditional
|Dharam Seva
|''Work of Warriors''
|-
! scope="row" | "Beautiful Billo"
| rowspan="4" |Jatinder Shah
|—
|—
|16
|—
|
|Ikka
| rowspan="4" |Speed Records & Lokdhun Punjabi
| rowspan="4" |''[[Disco Singh]]'' soundtrack
|-
! scope="row" | "Sweeto"
|—
|—
|3
|—
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Happy Birthday"
|—
|—
|7
|—
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Laatu"
|—
|—
|31
|—
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Rangrut"
|Gurmeet Singh
|—
|—
|13
|—
|
|Jagvir Sohi
| rowspan="4" |Speed Records
| rowspan="4" |''[[Punjab 1984]]'' soundtrack
|-
! scope="row" | "Channo"
|
|—
|—
|10
|—
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Swaah Ban Ke"
|
|—
|—
|15
|—
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Kismat"
|
|—
|—
|12
|—
|
|
|-
!scope="row" | "Selfie"
|Millind Gaba
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
| rowspan="3" | Ikka
|Diljit Dosanjh
| rowspan="4" {{Non-album singles}}
|-
!scope="row" | "This Singh Is So Stylish" {{Small|(featuring Ikka)}}
|Intense
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
| Diljit Dosanjh, MTV Spoken Word
|-
!scope="row" | "Holla Holla"
|[[Millind Gaba]]
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
| Diljit Dosanjh
|-
!scope="row" |"Patiala Peg"
|Nick Dhammu
|—
|—
|1<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20141221/asian/ |access-date=13 January 2023 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|—
|
|Veet Baljeet
|[[Times Music|Speed Records]]
|-
!scope="row" |"Singh Naal Jodi" {{small|(with Sukhshinder Shinda}}
|Sukhshinder Shinda
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Koki Deep
|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
|''Collaboration 3''
|-
!scope="row" | "Ishq Hazir Hai"
| rowspan="12" | 2015
|[[Mickey Singh]]
|—
|—
|1
|—
|
|Mickey Singh, Diljit
|Filmy shots|Filmy Shots
| rowspan="3" {{Non-album singles}}
|-
!scope="row" | "Jatt Fire Karda"
|Preet Hundal
|—
|—
|1<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20150710/asian/ |access-date=20 October 2022 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|—
|
|[[Amrit Maan]]
|Paan-Aab Records
|-
!scope="row" | "Faiz-E-Noor"
|Joy Atul
|—
|—
|14
|—
|
|Traditional
|Dharam Seva
|-
! scope="row"| "I Love U Ji"
|Nick Dhammu
|—
|—
|39
|—
|
| rowspan="3" |Veet Baljeet
| rowspan="5" |Speed Records
| rowspan="4" |''[[Sardaar Ji]]'' soundtrack
|-
! scope="row" | "Time"
| rowspan="4" | "Jatinder Shah"
|—
|—
|30
|—
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Sardaar Ji"
|—
|—
|7
|—
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Veervaar" (featuring Tarunam)
|—
|—
|1<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20150710/asian/ |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|—
|
|Ranbir Sandhu
|-
! scope="row" | "AK-47"
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Veet Baljit
|''[[Hero Naam Yaad Rakhi]]'' soundtrack
|-
! scope="row" | "Shoon Shaan"
|JSL Singh
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Ikka
|Eros Now Music
|''[[Mukhtiar Chadha]]'' soundtrack
|-
! scope="row"| "Ki Banu Duniya Da" {{Small|(with [[Gurdas Maan]])}}
|Jatinder Shah
|—
|—
|1<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20150828/asian/ |access-date=5 December 2022 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|—
|
|[[Gurdas Maan]]
|''[[Coke Studio India (season 4)]]''
| rowspan="4" |
|-
!scope="row" | "Sewa Nanaksar Di"
|Bear Minister
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Veet Baljeet
|Next Level Music
|-
!scope="row" | "5 Taara"<ref>{{cite news |last=Khuranaa |first=Amann |date=22 December 2015 |title=Diljit Dosanjh does Ranbir Kapoor's 'Badtameez dil' in '5 taara' |work=Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/Diljit-Dosanjh-does-Ranbir-Kapoors-Badtameez-dil-in-5-taara/articleshow/50280331.cms |accessdate=30 April 2022}}</ref>
|[[Jatinder Shah]]
|—
|—
|1<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20151218/asian/ |access-date=5 December 2022 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|—
|
| rowspan="2" |Ranveer Sandhu
|Speed Records
|-
!scope="row" | "Supremacy of Khalsa"
| rowspan="7" | 2016
|Nick Dhammu
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Dharam Seva
|-
! scope="row" | "You Think"
| rowspan="3" |Jatinder Shah
|—
|—
|16
|—
|
|Deep Arraicha
| rowspan="2" |Tips Music
| rowspan="2" |''[[Ambarsariya]]'' soundtrack
|-
! scope="row" | "Pagg Wala Munda"
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|[[Happy Raikoti]]
|-
! scope="row" | "Poplin / Pappleen"
|—
|—
|2<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20160701/asian/ |access-date=1 February 2023 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|—
|
|Veet Baljit
|Speed Records
|''[[Sardaar Ji 2]]'' soundtrack
|-
!scope="row" | "Do You Know"
|[[B Praak]]
|—
|—
|1<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20161021/asian/ |access-date=5 December 2022 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|—
|
|[[Jaani (songwriter)|Jaani]]
|Famous Studios
| rowspan="3" |
|-
!scope="row" | "Dhan Guru Nanak"
|Jassi Brothers
|—
|—
|—
|
|
| rowspan="2" |Veet Baljit
|White Hill Music
|-
!scope="row" | "Laembadgini"
|Jatinder Shah
|—
|—
|3
|—
|
|Speed Records
|-
! scope="row" | "Kalliyan Kulliyan"
| rowspan="3" |2017
|Jatinder Shah
|—
|—
|24
|—
|
|Ranbir Singh
|Zee Music
|''[[Super Singh]]'' soundtrack
|-
! scope="row" | "[[El Sueño (Diljit Dosanjh song)|El Sueño]]"
|[[Tru Skool]]
|—
|—
|2
|—
|
|Lally Mundi
|Famous Studios
| rowspan="2" |
|-
!scope="row" | "Raat Di Gedi"<ref>{{cite web |title=Diljit Dosanjh - Raat Di Gedi (Official Video) Neeru Bajwa - Jatinder Shah - Arvindr Khaira |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQaVzbxZqXY |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/RQaVzbxZqXY |archive-date=15 December 2021 |access-date=25 December 2017 |website=[[YouTube]] |publisher=Speed Records India}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|Jatinder Shah
|—
|—
|3
|—
|
|Ranveer Sandhu
|Speed Records
|-
!scope="row" | "High End Gaddiyan"
| rowspan="9" |2018
| rowspan="2" |Snappy
|—
|—
|1<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20180406/asian/ |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|—
|
| rowspan="3" |Rav Hanjra
| rowspan="2" |[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| rowspan="2" |''Confidential''
|-
!scope="row" | "Big Scene"
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Roti"
|Jatinder Shah
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
| rowspan="3" |Speed Records
|''[[Sajjan Singh Rangroot]]'' soundtrack
|-
! scope="row" | "Putt Jatt Da"<ref>{{cite news |last1=IANS |title=Punjabi sensation Diljit Dosanjh launches new song 'Putt Jatt Da' |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/punjabi-sensation-diljit-dosanjh-launches-new-song-putt-jatt-da |access-date=24 March 2022 |work=Free Press Journal |date=29 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref> {{Small|(featuring Kaater)}}
|Archie
|—
|—
|1<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20181102/asian/ |access-date=5 December 2022 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|—
|
|Ikka
| rowspan="4" {{Non-album singles}}
|-
!scope="row" | "Pagal"
|Goldboy
|—
|—
|14
|—
|
|Babbu
|-
!scope="row" | "Aar Nanak Paar Nanak"
|Gurmoh
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|[[Harmanjeet Singh|Harmanjeet]]
|White Hill Music
|-
!scope="row" | "Jind Mahi"
|[[Manni Sandhu]]
|—
|—
|1
|—
|
|Gurnazar Chattha
| rowspan="5" |Famous Studios
|-
!scope="row" | "Gulabi Pagg"
| rowspan="2" |Jatinder Shah
|—
|—
|6
|—
|
| rowspan="2" |Ranbir Singh
| rowspan="2" |''Roar''
|-
!scope="row" | "Thug Life"
|—
|—
|10
|—
|
|-
!scope="row" | "Gabru Nu"
| rowspan="7" |2019
|Rishie Rich
|—
|—
|17
|—
|
|[[Ikka Singh]]
| rowspan="2" |
|-
!scope="row" |"Kylie & Kareena"
|Money Musik, Manu, XD Pro
|—
|—
|17
|—
|
|Tej Gill, Money Musik, Herman Atwal
|-
! scope="row"| "Mehfil"
|V Rakx Music
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Rav Hanjra
|[[Zee Music Company]]
|''[[Shadaa]]'' soundtrack
|-
! scope="row" | "Mood"
|Snappy
|—
|—
|28
|—
|
|Rav Hanjra
|Famous Studios
| rowspan="5" |
|-
!scope="row" | "Muchh"<ref>{{cite news |date=22 August 2019 |title=Latest Punjabi Song 'Muchh' Sung By Diljit Dosanjh |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/latest-punjabi-song-muchh-sung-by-diljit-dosanjh/videoshow/70783545.cms |access-date=26 August 2019}}</ref>
|The Boss
|—
|—
|7
|—
|
|Kaptaan
|Saga Music
|-
!scope="row" | "Nanak Aadh Jugaadh Jiyo"
|Grumoh
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Harmanjeet
|Rhythm Boyz
|-
!scope="row" | "Surma"
|Jatinder Shah
|—
|—
|18
|9<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Punjabi Music Chart Top 20 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/punjabi-chart/20191231/punjabi/ |access-date=15 December 2022 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|
|Sukh Sandhu
|Sony Music
|-
!scope="row" | "Stranger" {{small|(featuring Simar Kaur)}}
| rowspan="6" |2020
|Mofusion
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|[[Alfaaz]]
|[[YRF Studios|YRF]]
|-
! scope="row" | "G.O.A.T"
|G.Funk
|—
|—
|1
|1<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Punjabi Music Chart Top 20 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/punjabi-chart/20200830/punjabi/ |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|
|[[Karan Aujla]]
| rowspan="6" |Diljit Dosanjh (Famous Studios)
| rowspan="4" |[[G.O.A.T. (Diljit Dosanjh album)|''G.O.A.T.'']]
|-
!scope="row" | "Clash"
|The Kidd
|—
|—
|3
|2
|
| rowspan="2" |Raj Ranjodh
|-
!scope="row" | "Peed"
|Gupz Sehra
|—
|—
|2
|2
|
|-
!scope="row" | "Born to Shine"
|Desi Crew
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|[[Amrit Maan]]
|-
!scope="row" | "Welcome to My Hood"<ref>{{cite web |title=Diljit Dosanjh: Welcome To My Hood (Official Music Video) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ExdPa00uz4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/1ExdPa00uz4 |archive-date=15 December 2021 |access-date=9 December 2020 |website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|Flamme
|—
|—
|16
|14<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Punjabi Music Chart Top 20 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/punjabi-chart/20201101/punjabi/ |access-date=6 December 2022 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|
|Kharewala Brar (Manjinder Brar)
| rowspan="3" {{Non-album singles}}
|-
!scope="row" | "RiRi"
| rowspan="11" |2021
| rowspan="2" |Intense
|—
|—
|6
|3<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Punjabi Music Chart Top 20 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/punjabi-chart/20210214/punjabi/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|
|Raj Ranjodh
|-
!scope="row" | "Umbrella" {{Small|(with Intense)}}
|—
|—
|3
|2<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Punjabi Music Chart Top 20 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/punjabi-chart/20210711/punjabi/ |access-date=31 January 2023 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|
*[[Music Canada|MC]]: Gold<ref name=":1">{{Cite certification|region=Canada|title=|artist=Diljit Dosanjh|type=}}</ref>
|Chani Nattan
|Double Up Entertainment
|-
!scope="row" | "Lover"
| rowspan="4" |Intense
|—
|—
|9
|5
|
* MC: Gold<ref name=":1" />
| rowspan="3" |Raj Ranjodh
| rowspan="4" |Diljit Dosanjh (Famous Studios)
| rowspan="4" |''Moon Child Era''
|-
!scope="row" | "Black & White"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Latest Punjabi Song Music Video - 'Black & White' Sung By Diljit Dosanjh {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/watch-latest-punjabi-song-music-video-black-white-sung-by-diljit-dosanjh/videoshow/85868027.cms |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|—
|—
|11
|6
|
* MC: Gold<ref>{{Cite certification|region=Canada|title=Black & White|artist=Diljit Dosanjh|type=single}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | "Vibe"
|—
|—
|2
|1
|
* MC: Gold<ref>{{Cite certification|region=Canada|title=Vibe|artist=Diljit Dosanjh|type=single}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | "Luna"
|—
|—
|—
|12
|
|[[Arjan Dhillon]]
|-
! scope="row"| "Number 5"
|Intense
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Raj Ranjodh
| rowspan="2" |Tips Punjabi
| rowspan="2" |''[[Honsla Rakh]]'' soundtrack
|-
! scope="row"| "Sher"
|Yeah Proof
|—
|—
|38
|—
|
|Laddi Chahal
|-
!scope="row" | "Dihaan Dhar Mehsoos Kar"
|Gurmoh
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|[[Harmanjeet Singh|Harmanjeet]]
| rowspan="2" |Diljit Dosanjh (Famous Studios)
| rowspan="4" {{Non-album singles}}
|-
!scope="row" | "What Ve" {{small| (with [[Nimrat Khaira]])}}
|Desi Crew
|—
|—
|23<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20220114/asian/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|—
|
|Arjan Dhillon
|-
!scope="row" | "Unforgettable"
|Intense
|—
|—
|22
|9
|
|Chani Nattan
|Double Up Entertainment
|-
!scope="row" | "Chauffeur" {{small|(with [[Tory Lanez]])}}
| rowspan="12" |2022
|Ikky
|32
|8<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Official New Zealand Music Chart |url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2022-04-22 |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=THE OFFICIAL NZ MUSIC CHART |language=en}}</ref>
|3
|1
|[[Music Canada|MC]]: Gold<ref>{{Cite certification|region=Canada|title=|artist=Diljit Dosanjh|type=}}</ref>
|Jangdip Singh Dhillon & Sandor Schwisberg
|[[Warner Music]]
|-
!scope="row" | "Peaches"
| rowspan="5" |Intense
|—
|31<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Official New Zealand Music Chart |url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2022-07-22 |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=THE OFFICIAL NZ MUSIC CHART |language=en}}</ref>
|1<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20220722/asian/ |access-date=1 August 2022 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|1<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Punjabi Music Chart Top 20 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/punjabi-chart/20220731/punjabi/ |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|
| rowspan="4" |Raj Ranjodh
| rowspan="6" |Diljit Dosanjh (Famous Studios)
| rowspan="6" |''Drive Thru''
|-
!scope="row" | "Lemonade"
|—
|—
|7
|6
|
* MC: Gold<ref>{{Cite certification|region=Canada|title=Lemonade|artist=Diljit Dosanjh|type=single}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | "Caviar"
|—
|—
|—
|11
|
|-
!scope="row" | "Red Chilli"
|—
|—
|6
|5
|
|-
!scope="row" | "Vanilla"
|—
|—
|—
|9
|
|Chani Nattan
|-
!scope="row"| "Peaches" {{Small|(featuring [[Anne-Marie]])}}
|Intense, Cameron Gower Poole
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
* MC: Gold<ref>{{Cite certification|region=Canada|title=Peaches|artist=Diljit Dosanjh|type=single}}</ref>
|Raj Ranjodh, Anne-Marie
|-
! scope="row"| "Chauffeur" (JBee Remix) {{Small|(with JBee featuring [[Tory Lanez]])}}
|Ikky
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Jangdip Singh Dhillon, JBee & Sandor Schwisberg
|[[Warner Music]]
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Koka"
|Avvy Sran
|—
|—
|25
|13
|
|Raj Ranjodh
|Saregama Music
|''[[Babe Bhangra Paunde Ne]]'' soundtrack
|-
! scope="row"| "Jugni" {{Small|(with [[Diamond Platnumz]])}}
|Salim Kasimu Maengo
|—
|—
|11<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/ |access-date=20 October 2022 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|10<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Punjabi Music Chart Top 20 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/punjabi-chart/ |access-date=20 October 2022 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|
|Laddi Chahal, [[Diamond Platnumz]]
|Warner Music, Diljit Dosanjh
| rowspan="3" |
|-
! scope="row" | "Balle Jatta"
|Intense
|—
|—
|—
|18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Punjabi Music Chart Top 20 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/punjabi-chart/ |access-date=2 November 2022 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|
|Raj Ranjodh
| rowspan="2" |Diljit Dosanjh
|-
! scope="row" | "Nanak Ji"
|Bhai Manna Singh
|—
|—
| —
|—
|
|Bir Singh
|-
! scope="row" | "Challa" (with Gurdas Maan)
| rowspan="13" |2023
|Ikky
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Gurdas Maan
|Gurdas Maan & Diljit Dosanjh
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Jodi Teri Meri" (with [[Nimrat Khaira]])
|Tru Skool
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Raj Ranjodh
|Rhythm Boys
|''[[Jodi (Punjabi film)|Jodi]]'' soundtrack
|-
! scope="row" |"What Ve" {{small|(with [[Nimrat Khaira]])}}
|Desi Crew
|
|
|
|
|
|Arjan Dhillon
|Tips Punjab
|''Phir Mel Karade Rabba'' soundtrack
|-
! scope="row" |"Palpita" (with [[Camilo (singer)|Camilo]])
|Jon Leone
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|[[Camilo (singer)|Camilo]], Indrr Bajwa
|Sony Music Latin (Coke Studio)
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Feel My Love"
| rowspan="3" |Intense
|—
|—
|—
|11
|
| rowspan="2" |Raj Ranjodh
| rowspan="3" |Diljit Dosanjh
| rowspan="3" |''Ghost''
|-
! scope="row"| "Case"
|53
|19
|13
|6
|
* MC: Gold<ref>{{Cite certification|region=Canada|title=Case|artist=Diljit Dosanjh|type=single}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"|"Lalkara" (featuring Sultaan)
|—
|21
|—
|13
|
* MC: Gold<ref>{{Cite certification|region=Canada|title=Lalkara|artist=Diljit Dosanjh|type=single}}</ref>
|Raj Ranjodh, Sultaan
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Hass Hass]]" (with [[Sia]])
|[[Greg Kurstin]]
|37
|6
|2
|1
|
|D.Dosanjh, Sia Furler, Inder Bajwa
|Warner Music
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Ghost"
| rowspan="2" |Thiarajxtt
|—
|—
|—
|16
|
|Jassajxtt
| rowspan="5" |Diljit Dosanjh
| rowspan="2" |''Ghost''
|-
! scope="row"|"Jatt Vailly"
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|"Rooh Vairagan"
|
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|"Psychotic"
| rowspan="2" |Thiarajxtt
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|
| rowspan="2" | ''Ghost''
|-
! scope="row"|"Whatcha Doin"
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|
|-
!scope="row" | "Love Ya"
| rowspan="5" |2024
|Hunny Bunny
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|
|
| rowspan="3" |
|-
!scope="row" |"Magic"
|Thiarajxtt
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|
|
|-
!scope="row" |"Khutti" (with [[Saweetie]])
|Raj Ranjodh
|—
|32
|—
|—
|
|Raj Ranjodh, Saweetie, Price
|Diljit Dosanjh
|-
!scope="row" |"Muhammad Ali" (with [[NLE Choppa]])
|
|—
|26
|—
|—
|
|
|
|
|-
!scope="row" |"Water"<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJVtxex6HIk |title=Water I Diljit Dosanjh I Happy Valentine Day |date=2025-02-14 |last=Diljit Dosanjh |access-date=2025-02-15 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|[[MixSingh]]
|—
|—
|—
|—
|
|Raj Ranjodh,
Sukhchain Sandhu
|Diljit Dosanjh
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Ranjha" (with [[Sia]] and [[David Guetta]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/diljit-dosanjh-sia-david-guetta-new-single-ranjha-interview-1236197132/|title= Diljit Dosanjh Announces New Collab with Sia and David Guetta|website=Billboard|date=11 March 2026|access-date=15 March 2026}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" | 2026
|
|—
|24
|—
|—
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Dealer"
|
|62
|—
|—
|—
|
|
|
|
|}

===As featured artist===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"style="text-align:center;"
|+
! rowspan="2" | Title
! rowspan="2" | Year
! rowspan="2" | Music
! colspan="2" | Peak chart position
! rowspan="2" | Lyrics
! rowspan="2" | Label
! rowspan="2" | Album
|-
![[UK Asian Music Chart|UK Asian]]<ref>* Raj Ranjodh/ Diljit Dosanjh:https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/62274/raj-ranjodh/</ref>
!UK Punjabi
|-
! scope="row" |"Goliyaan" {{small|([[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] featuring Diljit Dosanjh)}}
|2011
|Yo Yo Honey Singh
|—
|—
|[[Alfaaz]]
|Speed Records
|''[[International Villager]]''
|-
! scope="row" |"V.I.P" {{small|(Raj Ranjodh featuring Diljit Dosanjh)}}
|2022
|Yeah Proof
|23
|14
|Raj Ranjodh
|Crazy Production
|{{Non-album single}}

|-
! scope="row" |"Jagga Jatt" ([[Ikka Singh|Ikka]] featuring Diljit Dosanjh & [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]])
|2024
|Sez on the Beat
|—
|—
|[[Ikka Singh|Ikka]], [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]
|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
|''Only Love Gets Reply''
|-
! scope="row" |"Buck" ([[Jackson Wang]] featuring Diljit Dosanjh)
|2025
|
|
|
|
|
|''Magic Man II''
|}

==Other charted songs==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+List of other charted songs, with selected chart positions
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Year
! colspan="4" scope="col" | Peak chart positions
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Album
|-
! scope="col" | [[Canadian Hot 100|CAN]] <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-hot-100/2023-10-14/|title=''Billboard'' Canadian Hot 100: Week of October 14, 2023|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref>
! scope="col" | [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ Hot]] <ref>{{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2023-10-06|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=9 October 2023|access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>
! scope="col" | [[UK Asian Music Chart|UK Asian]] <ref name=":0" />
! scope="col" | UK Punjabi
|-
! scope="row" | "Poppin'"
| rowspan="7" |2023
| — || — || — || 14
| rowspan="7" |''Ghost''
|-
! scope="row" | "Amiri"
| — || — || — || 18
|-
! scope="row" | "Jatt Vailly"
| 54 || 15 || 9 || 3
|-
! scope="row" | "Whatcha Doin'"
| — || 31 || 23 || 9
|-
! scope="row" | "Kinni Kinni"
| — || — || — || 17
|-
! scope="row" | "Daytona"
| — || — || — || 20
|-
! scope="row" | "Amiri"
| — || — || — || 18
|}

== Soundtrack contributions ==
===Punjabi===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Title
! Year
! Songs
! Music
! Notes
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Mel Karade Rabba]]''
|2010
|Punjabi Munde
| rowspan="2" |Jaidev Kumar
|
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Dharti (2011 film)|Dharti]]''
| rowspan="3" | 2011 || "Warrant"
|Cameo
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[The Lion of Punjab (film)|The Lion of Punjab]]''
|
"Lak 28 Kudi Da, "Ishq Tilasmi Jaadu", "Gore Gore",
"Lions Of Punjab",
"Wow Wow"
|[[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]
|
|-
!scope="row" | ''[[Jihne Mera Dil Luteya]]'' {{small|(with Bhinda Aujla & [[Gippy Grewal]])}}
|
"Fukre",
"Jithe Ho Jiye Khadde",
"Jhanjhar"
"Supna",
"Aakadd Dikhawe"
|[[Yo Yo Honey Singh]], Bhinda Aujla
|
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Jatt & Juliet]]''
| rowspan="2" |2012
|
"Fatto", "HiFi Juliet", "Kudiye Mind Na Kari"
"Bachaa, ""Main Jaagan Swere"
|[[Jatinder Shah]]
|
|-
!scope="row" |''Saadi Love Story''
{{small|(with [[Amrinder Gill]])}}
|
"Aaja Bhangra Pa Laiye", "Laltain Nachdi"
|Jaidev Kumar
|
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Bikkar Bai Sentimental]]''
| rowspan="2" |2013
|Main fan Bhagat Singh da
|[[Ikka]]
|Cameo
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Jatt & Juliet 2]]''
|
"Police", "Shoulder", "Suited Booted", "Bhugi", "Mr.Singh"
| rowspan="2" |Jatinder Shah
|
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Disco Singh]]''
| rowspan="2" |2014
|
"Ae Ji Oo Ji", "Beautiful Billo", "Disco Singh", "Happy Birthday"
"Lattu", "Sweeto"
|
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Punjab 1984]]''
|
"Rangrut", "Swaah Ban Ke", "Kismat", "Channo", "Ammi Udeek Ki", "Sodha Laun Nu"
|Nick Dhamu, Gurmeet Singh
|
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Sardaar Ji]]''
| rowspan="3" |2015
|
"I Love U Ji", "Sardaarji", "Taare Mutiyare", "Time", "Veervaar"
|Jatinder Shah, Nick Dhammu
|
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Hero Naam Yaad Rakhi]]''
|AK-47
|Jatinder Shah
|
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Mukhtiar Chadha]]''
|
"Shoon Shaan", "Click Click", "Gapuchi Gapuchi", "Gum Gum"
"Gun Vargi Bolian Pave", "Kol Kinare"
|JSL Singh
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ambarsariya]]''
| rowspan="2" |2016
|
"Pagg Wala Munda", "Ju Think"
|Jatinder Shah
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Sardaar Ji 2]]''
|
"Desi Daaru", "Mitran Da Junction", "Pappleen/Poplin", "Razamand",
"Sardaarji", "Rumaal"
|Jatinder Shah, Nick Dhammu
|
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Super Singh]]''
|2017
|
"Hawa Vich", "Kalliyan Kulliyan", "Ho Gaya Talli"
"Glorious Gallan"
|Jatinder Shah
|
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Sajjan Singh Rangroot]]''
|2018
|
"Roti", "Sajjna", "Pyaas", "Peepa", "Mera Ki Mareya"
|Jatinder Shah, [[Uttam Singh]]
|
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Shadaa]]''
|2019
|
"Shadaa Title Song", "Expensive", "Mehndi", "Mehfil", "Mor"
|Nick Dhammu, JSL Singh and V Rakx Music
|
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Honsla Rakh]]''
|2021
|
"Chanel No 5", "Sher", "Lallkara", "Suroor", "Honsla Rakh (Title Track)"
|Avvy Sra, [[MixSingh|Mix Singh]], JSL, Intense, Yeah Proof
|
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Babe Bhangra Paunde Ne]]''
|2022
|
"Koka", "Babe Bhangra Paunde Ne (Title Track)", "Nazaare", "Hass K Kude"
|Avvy Sra
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Jodi (2023 film)|Jodi]]''
|2023
|
"Jigra Te Laija Gabrua", "Jodi Teri Meri", "Chan Wargi", "Meri Kalam Na bole", "Jatt Di Jaan", "Akhiri Salaam", "Gal Kise Di", "Parohna Banke", "Lalkaare Jatt De", "Jatt Jaati Saati"
|[[Tru Skool]]
|
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Jatt & Juliet 3]]''
|2024
|
"Tu Juliet Jatt Di", "Haye Juliet", "Sheraan Da", "Lehnga"
| Bunny
|
|-
|}

===Hindi films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title
! Year
! Track
! Co-artist(s)
! Music
! Note
|-
| ''[[Tere Naal Love Ho Gaya]]''
|2012 || "Pee Pa Pee Pa Ho Gaya"
|[[Priya Saraiya]]
|[[Sachin-Jigar]]
|Also featured in the song
|-
| ''[[Mere Dad Ki Maruti]]''
| rowspan="2" |2013 || "Mere Dad Ki Maruti"
|Sachin Gupta
| rowspan="2" |[[Sachin Gupta (musician)|Sachin Gupta]]
|
|-
|| ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana 2]]'' || "Aidaan Hi Nachna"
|[[Dharmendra]], [[Sunny Deol]], [[Bobby Deol]], Karan Deol, Sachin Gupta
|
|-
| ''[[Singh is Bling]]''
|2015 || "Tung Tung Baje"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/Diljit-Dosanjh-sings-for-Akshay-Kumar-in-Singh-is-Bling/articleshow/48454241.cms|title=Diljit Dosanjh sings for Akshay Kumar in 'Singh is Bling'|work=Times of India|date=12 August 2015|access-date=10 July 2016}}</ref>
|[[Nooran Sisters]]
|[[Sneha Khanwalkar]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2| ''[[Udta Punjab]]''
| rowspan="2" |2016|| "Ikk Kudi (Reprised Version)"
| Solo
|rowspan=2|[[Amit Trivedi]]
| rowspan="4" |Also as an actor
|-
|"Ikk Kudi (Club Mix)"
|[[Alia Bhatt]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Phillauri (film)|Phillauri]]''
| rowspan="5" |2017|| "Naughty Billy"
|[[Nakash Aziz]], [[Anushka Sharma]], Shilpi Paul
| rowspan="2" |[[Shashwat Sachdev]]
|-
|"Dum Dum (Reprise)" || Solo
|-
| ''[[Noor (2017 film)|Noor]]'' || "Move Your Lakk"
|Badshah, [[Sonakshi Sharma]]
|[[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]
|Also featured in the song
|-
| ''[[Raabta (film)|Raabta]]'' || ''Sadda Move''
|[[Raftaar]], Pradeep Singh
|rowspan=2|[[Pritam]]
|
|-
| ''[[Jab Harry Met Sejal]]'' || "Raula"
|[[Neeti Mohan]]
|
|-
| ''[[Soorma (film)|Soorma]]''
| rowspan="3" |2018|| "Ishq Di Baajiyan"
| Solo
|[[Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy]]
|rowspan=2|Also as an actor
|-
|[[Welcome to New York (2018 film)|Welcome to New York]]
|Pant Mein Gun
|colspan=2|[[Sajid-Wajid]]
|-
|''[[Namaste England]]''
|"Proper Patola (Remake)"
| [[Aastha Gill|Astha Gill]], Badshah
|Badshah, Diljit Dosanjh
|
|-
|''[[Arjun Patiala]]''
| rowspan="2" |2019||"Dil Todeya"
| Solo
|[[Guru Randhawa]], Sachin-Jigar
|rowspan=2|Also as an actor
|-
|''[[Good Newwz]]''||"Sauda Khara Khara"
|Sukhbir, [[Dhvani Bhanushali]]
|[[Sukhbir (musician)|Sukhbir]], DJ Chetas-Lijo George
|-
|''[[Shehzada (2023 film)|Shehzada]]''
| rowspan="2" |2023||"Munda Sona Hoon Main"
|[[Nikhita Gandhi]]
|rowspan=2|Pritam
|
|-
|''[[Dunki (film)|Dunki]]''||"Banda"
| Solo
|
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[Crew (film)|Crew]]''
|rowspan=6|2024
|"Naina"
|Badshah
|Raj Ranjodh
|rowspan=2|Also as an actor
|-
|"Choli Ke Peeche"
|[[Alka Yagnik]], [[Ila Arun]], IP Singh
|[[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]], Akshay-IP
|-
|''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''
|"Bhairava Anthem"
|Vijaynarain
|[[Santhosh Narayanan]]
|rowspan=2|Also featured in the song
|-
|''[[Jigra (film)|Jigra]]''
|"Chal Kudiye"
|[[Alia Bhatt]]
|Manpreet Singh
|-
| ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]''
|"Bhool Bhulaiyaa"
|[[Neeraj Shridhar]], [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]]
|[[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Pritam]]
|
|-
| ''[[Baby John (film)|Baby John]]''
|"Nain Matakka"
|[[Dhee (singer)|Dhee]]
|[[Thaman S]]
|Also featured in the song
|-
|''[[The Ba***ds of Bollywood]]''
|rowspan=3|2025
| "Tenu Ki Pata"
| [[Aryan Khan]], Ujwal Gupta
| Ujwal Gupta
|
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[Dhurandhar]]''
| "Ez-Ez"
| [[Hanumankind]], Shashwat Sachdev
| [[Shashwat Sachdev]], Raj Ranjodh
|
|-
| "Teri Ni Kararan"
| Shashwat Sachdev
| [[Lal Chand Yamla Jatt]], Shashwat Sachdev
| Remake of "Das Main Ki Pyar Wichon Khatyal" by Lal Chand Yamla Jatt
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[Border 2]]''
|rowspan=2|2026
|"Ghar Kab Aaoge"
|[[Sonu Nigam]], [[Arijit Singh]], [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
|[[Mithoon]], [[Anu Malik]]
|rowspan=2|Also as an actor
|-
|"Ishq Da Chehra"
|Sachet Tandon, Parampara Tandon
|[[Sachet-Parampara]]
|}

===Hindi singles===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Album
! Year
! Track
! Co-artist(s)
! Music
! Note
|-
|''Gangster 2''
| 2012
|"Goliyan"
|Yo Yo Honey Singh
|rowspan=2|Pritam
|
|-
|''Fraud No.1''
|2013
|"Nachna"
|
|
|-
|''Dune''
|2016
|"Patiala Peg"
| -
|Amaal Mallik
|
|-
|''Valkyria Chronicles''
|2017
|"Do You Know"
| -
|Mithoon
|
|-
|''M.I.L.F''
|2022
|"Jugni"
|Diamond Platinumz
|Sachin-Jigar
|
|}

===Other films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title
! Year
! Track
! Co-artist(s)
!Language
! Music
! Note
|-
| ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''
|rowspan=2|2024 || "Bhairava Anthem"
| Deepak Blue, Santhosh Narayanan
|Telugu
| rowspan="2" |[[Santhosh Narayanan]]
|
|-
| ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]'' (Tamil Dub)
|"Bhairava Anthem" (Tamil)
|Santhosh Narayanan
|Tamil
|Tamil dub
|-
|''[[Kantara: Chapter 1]]'' (Hindi dub)
|2025
|"Rebel Song"
|–
|Kannada
|[[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]
| Hindi dubbed
|}

==As executive producer==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:105%;" +
|- bgcolor="#AAAAACCCCDDDDD" align="centre"
! Year
! Title
! Artists
!Music
!Label
|-
| 2019 || ''Muscle Car'' || Raj Ranjodh
|Byg Byrd
|Famous Studios
|}

== References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Discographies of Indian artists]]
[[Category:Pop music discographies]]
[[Category:Hip-hop discographies]]
[[Category:Contemporary R&B discographies]]

Srinagar Municipal Corporation

2026-04-28T16:19:31Z

PiperByrum18:

{{Short description|Civic body governing Indian city of Srinagar}}
{{for|the municipal corporation in Uttarakhand|Srinagar Municipal Corporation (Uttarakhand)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=June 2022}}
{{Original research|date=June 2022}}
}}

{{Infobox legislature
| name = Srinagar Municipal Corporation
| house_type = [[Municipal Corporation (India) | Municipal Corporation]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1886}}
| leader1_type = [[Mayor (India) | Mayor]]
| leader1 =
| leader2_type = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader2 =
| leader3_type = [[Municipal commissioner (India) | Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader3 = [[Faz Lul Haseeb]]
| leader4_type = [[Chief Enforcement Officer (India) | Chief Enforcement Officer ]]
| leader4 = [[Suhail Nabi Chintsaz]]
| leader5_type = [[Chief Revenue Officer (India) | Chief Revenue Officer ]]
| leader5 = [[Suhail Nabi Chintsaz]]
| leader6_type = [[I T Head (India) | I T Head ]]
| leader6 = [[Suhail Nabi Chintsaz]]
| seats = 74
| structure1 = India Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir Municipal Corporation 2020.svg
| structure1_res = 300px
|political_groups1 =
'''2018 election results'''
*{{Color box|#B2B2B2}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (53)
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (16)
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (4)
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}}} [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]] (1)

| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First past the post]]
| last_election1 = 2018
| next_election1 = no date conformed
| meeting_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| website = {{url|https://smcsrinagar.in}}
}}

The '''Srinagar Municipal Corporation''' is the governing body responsible for the administration of the [[India|Indian]] city of [[Srinagar]]. The municipal corporation system in India was established during the [[British colonial period]] with the founding of the municipal corporation in [[Chennai]] in 1688, which was later followed by the establishment of municipal corporations in [[Mumbai]] and [[Kolkata]] by 1762.<ref name="May ref5">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anupam |title=City Mayors: Indian Mayors |url=http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/indian-mayors.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=citymayors.com}}</ref> The Srinagar Municipal Corporation is led by the [[Mayor]] of the city and overseen by a [[Commissioner]].

The tenure of the Srinagar Municipal Corporation ended on 5 November 2023, and new elections are yet to be announced.

== History and administration ==
The establishment of the Srinagar Municipal Corporation aimed to enhance the town's infrastructure following the requirements of the local population.

The corporation is divided into wards, each of which is led by a [[Councillor|councilor]], with elections held every five years. The seat of Mayor at Srinagar Municipal Corporation is currently Vacant.

== Functions ==
Srinagar Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions:<ref>{{cite news |title=Municipal Corporation - Functions, Roles, Members Qualification and Term |url=https://www.elections.in/government/municipal-corporation-in-india.html |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref name="ja10">{{cite news |title=Good municipal governance key to improve quality of life {{!}} Pune News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/good-municipal-governance-key-to-improve-quality-of-life/articleshow/57320746.cms |access-date=18 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=24 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

* Planning for the town including its surroundings which are covered under its Department's Urban Planning Authority
* Approving construction of new buildings and authorising use of land for various purposes
* Improvement of the town's economic and Social status
* Arrangements of water supply towards commercial, residential and industrial purposes
* Planning for fire contingencies through Fire Service Departments
* Creation of solid waste management, public health system and sanitary services
* Working for the development of ecological aspect like development of Urban Forestry and making guidelines for environmental protection
* Working for the development of weaker sections of the society like mentally and physically handicapped, old age and gender biased people
* Making efforts for improvement of slums and poverty removal in the town

== Revenue sources ==

The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="ja11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ja12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ja13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

==Members==
Srinagar Municipal Corporation has a total of 74 members or corporators, who are directly elected after a term of 5 years. The council is led by the Mayor. The latest elections were held 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ceojk.nic.in/ME2018_RESULT_SGR_MC.htm|title=State Election Commission::Jammu and Kashmir}}</ref> Junaid Azim Mattu of the [[Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party]] was the mayor of the city of [[Srinagar]] until the term of the council expired in November 2023.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|colspan=5 align=center bgcolor="{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party}}" |'''Mayor: Junaid Azim Mattu'''
|-
|colspan=5 align=center bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}" |'''Deputy Mayor: Parvaiz Ahmad Qadri'''
|-
! Ward No !! Ward Name<ref name="SMC Election Results 2018">{{cite web|url=https://ceojk.nic.in/ME2018_RESULT_SGR_MC.htm|title=2018 Srinagar Municipal Corporation Election Result|work=CEO Jammu and Kashmir|accessdate=18 November 2024}}</ref> !! Name of Corporator<ref name="SMC Election Results 2018"/> || colspan="2"|Party
|-
| 1 || Harwan || Zarina Akhter || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 2 || Nishat || Sheikh Imran || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 3 || Brane || Aqib Ahmad Renzu || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 4 || Dalgate || Sumaira Akhtar || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 5 || Pantha Chowk || Mohammad Latif Mir || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 6 || Lal Chowk || Wajahat Hussain || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 7 || Rajbagh || Shaheena || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 8 || Ikhrajpora || Ghulam Nabi Bhat || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 9 || Mehjoor Nagar || Mohammad Saleem Bhat || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 10 || Natipora || Sobee Jan || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 11 || Chanpora || Farooq Ahmed Dar || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 12 || Budshah Nagar || Aijaz Rasool Bhat || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 13 || Baghat Barzulla || Naima Sara || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 14 || Rawalpora || Mohammad Ashraf Dar || style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party}}"|
| [[Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party|JKAP]]
|-
| 15 || Hyderpora || Ashiq Hussain Bhat || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 16 || Humhuma || Naziya Yousuf || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 17 ||| Hamdania Colony Bemina || Zahoor Hussain Rather || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 18 || Solina || Salman Ali Sagar || style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|
| [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]]
|-
| 19 || Aloochi Bagh || Ruqaya Gulzar || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 20 || Sheikh Dawood Colony || Mohammad Hanief Bhat || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 21 || Ziyarat Batamaloo || Shafat Gaffar || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 22 || Shaheed Gunj || Syeda || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 23 || Karan Nagar || Ashok Koul || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
| 24 || Chattabal || Basharat Bin Qadir || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 25 || Qamarwari || Neelofar Khan || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 26 || Bemina East || Shamima Khan || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 27 || Bemina West || Muzaffar Ahmed Guroo || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 28 || Nundrishi Colony || Rabia Rehman || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 29 || Parimpora || Ghulam Nabi Sofi || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 30 || Zainakot || Ghulam Rasool Hajam || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 31 || Lawaypora || Fancy Jan || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 32 || Mujgund || Shahzad Ahmad Bhat || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 33 || Tankipora || Nakul Mattoo || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 34 || Syed Ali Akbar || Gulshan Bilal || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 35 || Basant Bagh || Nazir Ahmad Gilkar || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
| 36 || Fateh Kadal || Ajaz Ahmad Sofi || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 37 || Munawarabad || Gulshan Abroo || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 38 || Khanqah-e-Moula || Parvaiz Ahmad Qadri || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 39 || Maharaj Gunj || Farooq Ahmad Mir || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 40 || Jamia Masjid || Saima || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 41 || Mukhdoom Sahib || Showkat Ahmad Kak || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 42 || Khawaja Bazar || Mukhtar Ahmad Dar || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 43 || Akilmir Khanyar || Sami Jan || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 44 || Rozbal || Umaan Maqbool Shera || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 45 || Daulatabad || Zubair Fayaz Dar || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 46 || Islam Yarbal || Rehana Parvaiz || style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}"|
| [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|JKPDP]]
|-
| 47 || Nawab Bazar || Inayat Hussain Mir || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 48 || Nawakadal || Arif Majeed Pampori || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
| 49 ||| Safakadal || Shazia Rashid || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 50 || Rathpora || Mohammad Ashraf Bhat || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 51 || Eidgah || Mohammad Asraf Bhat || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 52 || Palapora || Fancy Ashraf || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 53 || Tarabal || Sabia Irfan || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 54 || Kawdara || Majid Rashid Shuloo || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 55 || Hawal || Nazia || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 56 || Alamgari Bazar || Tanveer Hussain Pathan || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 57 || Gilli Kadal || Arif Ahmad Baba || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 58 || Nowshara || Jameela Akhtar || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 59 || Lal Bazar || Nazir Ahmad Naikoo || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 60 || Botshah Mohalla || Danish Shafi || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 61 || Umer Colony || Afroza Akhtar || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 62 || Jogilanker || Asif Ahmad Beigh || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 63 || Kathi Darwaza || Syed Mohmmad Hussain || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 64 || Lokut Dal || Sara || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 65 || Bod Dal || [[Junaid Azim Mattu]] || style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party}}"|
| [[Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party|JKAP]]
|-
| 66 || Hazratbal || Shabbir Ahmed || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 67 || Tailbal || Kulsuma || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 68 || Habak || Mohammad Saleem Lone || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 69 || Soura || Salman Ali Sagar || style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|
| [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]]
|-
| 70 || Buchpora || Nazira Bano || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 71 || Ahmadnagar || Abdul Majeed Tantra || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 72 || Zakura || Abdul Wahid Dar || style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}"|
| [[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
| 73 || Chatterhama || Hasina || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 74 || Bagh-i-Mehtab || Bashir Ahmad Mir || style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of municipal corporations in India]]
* [[List of mayors of Srinagar]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://smcsrinagar.in Official Website]
.
{{Municipalities of Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Municipal corporations in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Srinagar]]

Mumbai CSMT–Madgaon Jan Shatabdi Express

2026-04-28T04:10:08Z

PiperByrum18: Made New Entry

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = 87cefa
| name = Mumbai CSMT - Madgaon Junction ''Jan Shatabdi Express''
| image = 12052 Dadar Madgaon Jan Shatabdi Express - Vistadome (Executive) Class coach.jpg
| caption = A [[Vistadome]] coach of the train.
| type = [[Jan Shatabdi Express]]
| locale = [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]]
| first = {{start date and age|16 April 2002}}
| last =
| operator = [[Central Railway zone|Central Railways (CR)]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus}} '''(CSMT)'''
| stops = 8
| end = {{stnlnk|Madgaon Junction}} '''(MAO)'''
| distance = {{cvt|572|km}}
| frequency = Daily service
| class = [[Vistadome]], AC Chair Car, Executive AC Chair Car, Second Class Seating
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = No
| autorack =
| catering = Yes (Only for Executive AC Chair Car)
| baggage = Overhead racks
| otherfacilities = Vistadome Coach
| stock = [[LHB coach]] & [[Vistadome coaches]]
| observation = Rake Sharing with [[Mumbai-Pune Deccan express]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm|allk=on}}
| trainnumber = 12051 / 12052
| speed = {{cvt|65.88|km/h}}
| map = {{Mumbai CSMT–Madgaon Jan Shatabdi Express Route|inline=y}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The 12052/12051 '''Mumbai CSMT - Madgaon Junction Jan Shatabdi Express''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]] train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] - [[Konkan Railway]] division that runs between [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus]] and [[Madgaon railway station|Madgaon]] in India.

It operates as train number 12051 from [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus|CSMT]] to {{stnlnk|Madgaon Junction}} and as train number 12052 in the reverse direction. During monsoon timetable, 12052 will not go in reverse direction due to time clash. So it will rest at Madgaon Junction coming from CSMT and next day that same rake will originate from Madgaon Junction. It is one of the fastest and longest route running Jan Shatabdi train in Konkan Railways and is immensely popular amongst the people travelling to Konkan and Goa. Earlier this train used to originate/terminate at [[Dadar railway station|Dadar Terminus]] in [[Mumbai]].

==Coaches==
This train has presently has 1 Vistadome Coach, 3 AC Chair Car, 10 Second Class Jan Shatabdi seating coaches, 1 SLR Coach & 1 Generator Car.

==Service==
[[File:12052 Dadar Madgaon Jan Shatabdi Express - 2nd Class seating.jpg|left|thumb|[[Indian railway classes|Second Class seating]] ]]
It covers the distance of 572 kilometers in 8 hours 40  mins (65.26 km/h) as train number 12051 and in 9 hours (66.52 km/h) as train number 12052.
[[File:12052 Dadar Madgaon Jan Shatabdi Express leaving Madgaon Station.jpg|thumb|Dadar Madgaon Jan Shatabdi Express leaving [[Madgaon Junction railway station]].]]

==Route==
This train runs via {{stnlnk|Dadar}}, {{stnlnk|Thane}}, {{stnlnk|Panvel}}, {{stnlnk|Chiplun}}, {{stnlnk|Ratnagiri}}, {{stnlnk|Kankavli}}, {{stnlnk|Kudal}}, {{stnlnk|Sawantwadi Road}}, {{stnlnk|Thivim}} to {{stnlnk|Madgaon Junction}}.

== Traction ==
Both trains were hauled by an [[Diesel Loco Shed, Ernakulam|Ernakulam]] based [[WDM 3A|WDM-3A]] twins or [[WDP-4]], [[Diesel Loco Shed, Golden Rock|GOC]] [[Indian locomotive class WDP-4|WDP-4B or 4D]]. Currently as Konkan Railways have completed electrification, the train is now hauled by a [[WCAM-3]] from Kalyan shed.

It can be hauled by a [[Indian locomotive class WAP-7|WAP 7]] so did [[WAP-4]] or [[WAG-7]]

== Gallery ==
[[File:GOC WDP4B ready to haul the 12052 Dadar Madgaon Jan Shatabdi Express.jpg|thumb|[[Indian locomotive class WDP-4|WDP4B]] Engine used to haul the train. ]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
*{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Take-a-Shatabdi-to-Goa-from-Sunday/articleshow/27260110.cms|title=Take a Shatabdi to Goa from Sunday - The Times of India|work=The Times of India |date=13 December 2013 |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|accessdate=2014-05-30}}
* http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=2164&id=0,4,268
* https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/see-through-vistadome-coach-makes-mumbai-goa-journey-more-spectacular/360-degree-rotatable-seats/slideshow/60751234.cms

==External links==
*{{Official website|www.indianrail.gov.in}}

==Sister trains==
* Semi-High speed:
# [[Mumbai CST - Karmali Tejas Express]]
# [[Mumbai CSMT-Madgaon Vande Bharat Express]]
* Premium:
# [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus - Karmali AC Superfast Express]] (Formal service)
# [[Mumbai LTT - Madgaon AC Double Decker Express]] (Formal service)
* Superfast:
# [[Konkan Kanya Express]]
* Express/Mail:
# [[Mandovi Express]]

==See also==
* [[Deccan Express]] (Rake sharing with this train)

{{Jan Shatabdi Express}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dadar Central - Madgaon Jan Shatabdi Express}}
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Goa]]
[[Category:Jan Shatabdi Express trains]]
[[Category:Konkan Railway]]
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Transport in Goa]]
[[Category:Transport in Margao]]
[[Category:Trains with Vistadome coaches in India]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2002]]

Kaantaye Kaantaye

2026-04-24T05:22:20Z

PiperByrum18: Adding a article from scratch!

{{Short description|Indian Bengali-language web-series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kaantaye_Kaantaye_Poster.jpg
| caption =
| genre = Suspense Thriller
| creator =
| inspired_by = ''Sonar Kaanta''
| writer = [[Narayan Sanyal]]
| screenplay = Padmanabha Dasgupta
| director = Joydeep Mukherjee
| producer = Shyam Sundar Dey
| starring = [[Saswata Chatterjee]] [[Ananya Chatterjee]] [[Payel Sarkar]] [[Soham Chakraborty]] [[Mir Afsar Ali]] [[Somraj Maity]] [[Ayoshi Talukdar]]
| music = Sovon Mukherjee
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| num_episodes = 10
| executive_producer =
| editor = Maloy Laha
| company = Shadow Films
| network = [[ZEE5]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2024|08|15}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2024}}
}}

'''Kaantaye Kaantaye''' is [[Bengali Language|Bengali]] [[Thriller (genre)|suspense-thriller]] web-series directed by [[Joydip Mukherjee|Joydeep Mukherjee]] and produced by Shyamsundar De.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ananda |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-12-15 |title=কাঁটায়-কাঁটায় সিরিজ এবার ওয়েবের পর্দায়, গল্পে অনন্যা-শাশ্বত |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/anannya-saswata-actress-anannya-chatterjee-and-saswata-chatterjee-will-portray-a-story-from-knatay-knatay-series-942134 |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=bengali.abplive.com |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title= The teaser of the upcoming Zee5 series Kaantaye Kaantaye promises a thrilling murder mystery|url= https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/the-teaser-of-the-upcoming-zee5-series-kaantaye-kaantaye-promises-a-thrilling-murder-mystery/1058623|access-date=28 July 2024}}</ref> It is an adaptation of [[Narayan Sanyal]]'s [[P. K. Basu]] series novel ''Sonar Kaanta'', which is actually inspired by [[The Mousetrap]] of [[Agatha Christie]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-24 |title=Web series Kantay Kantay to feature Saswata Chatterjee, Ananya Chatterjee, Soham Chakraborty and others |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/web-series-kantay-kantay-to-feature-saswata-chatterjee-ananya-chatterjee-soham-chakraborty-and-others/articleshow/96472404.cms |access-date=2024-08-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> This is the second time P. K. Basu series has been adapted for the screen, the first time being in 1974 when [[Tarun Majumdar]] made [[Jadi Jantem]] featuring [[Uttam Kumar]] as the protagonist.<ref>{{Citation|title= Barrister P K Basu will be back on screens on 15th August |date=2 August 2024 |url=https://eastindiastory.com/barrister-p-k-basu-will-be-back-on-screens-on-15th-august/|access-date=3 Aug 2024}}</ref>

The series was released on 15 August 2024.<ref>{{Citation|title= ZEE5's 'Kaantaye Kaantaye' to premiere on 15 August
|url= https://indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/zee5%E2%80%99s-%27kaantaye-kaantaye%27-to-premiere-on-15-august-240801|access-date=3 Aug 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title= 'Kaantaye Kaantaye': Latest Bengali murder mystery to premiere on August 15|date=August 2024 |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2024/Aug/01/kaantaye-kaantaye-latest-bengali-murder-mystery-to-premiere-on-august-15|access-date=3 Aug 2024}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Saswata Chatterjee]] as [[P.K.Basu]]
* [[Ananya Chatterjee]] as Rani Basu
* [[Payel Sarkar]] as Kaveri Dutta Gupta
* [[Soham Chakraborty]] as Subir Roy
* [[Mir Afsar Ali]] as Inspector Nripen Ghoshal
* [[Somraj Maity]] as Koushik Mitra
* [[Ayoshi Talukdar]] as Sujata Chatterjee
* [[Subrat Dutta]] as Raman Guha
* [[Abhijit Guha (director)|Abhijit Guha]] as Arup
* [[Rachel White (actress)|Rachel White]] as Neena Basu
* Prantik Banerjee as Ajoy Roy
* Kinjal Nanda as Noor Ali Baig

==Casting==
A movie adaption of the same story was announced in 2018, starring [[Ranjit Mullick]] as PK Basu. The rest of the cast included Rachel White.<ref>{{Citation|title= PK Basu to return to the big screen this Bengali New Year after 44 years|work= The Times of India |date= 5 April 2018 |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/pk-basu-to-return-to-the-big-screen-this-bengali-new-year-after-44-years/articleshow/63626321.cms |access-date=28 July 2024}}</ref> The film never released. In 2022, [[ZEE5]] announced that they were working on a web series around the same story with [[Saswata Chatterjee]] as the protagonist. Rachel White was announced to be a part of the cast of the series as well.<ref>{{Citation|title= Web series Kantay Kantay to feature Saswata Chatterjee, Ananya Chatterjee, Soham Chakraborty and others |work= The Times of India|date= 24 December 2022|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/web-series-kantay-kantay-to-feature-saswata-chatterjee-ananya-chatterjee-soham-chakraborty-and-others/articleshow/96472404.cms|access-date=28 July 2024}}</ref>
== Marketing ==
The teaser of Kaantaye Kaantaye was released on 25 July 2024.<ref>{{Citation|title= Kaantaye Kaantaye Teaser: Saswata Chatterjee and Ananya Chatterjee starrer Kaantaye Kaantaye Official Teaser|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/web-series/bengali/kaantaye-kaantaye-teaser-saswata-chatterjee-and-ananya-chatterjee-starrer-kaantaye-kaantaye-official-teaser/videoshow/112007770.cms|access-date=28 July 2024}}</ref> The trailer was released on 31 July.<ref>{{Citation|title= The trailer of Kaantaye Kaantaye is out|work= The Times of India|date= August 2024|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/the-trailer-of-kaantaye-kaantaye-is-out/articleshow/112196780.cms|access-date=3 Aug 2024}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Kaantaye Kaantaye received mixed reviews. [[The Times of India]] gave it 3.5 stars out of 5 calling it a " binge-worthy watch".<ref>{{Citation|title= Kaantaye Kaantaye season 1 review|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/the-trailer-of-kaantaye-kaantaye-is-out/articleshow/112196780.cms|website= TimesofIndia |date= August 2024|access-date=28 Aug 2024}}</ref> Subhash K. Jha writing for Times Now also gave it a thumbs up, commenting, "Apart from some good performances, Kaantaye Kaantaye plays some ear-soothing songs in the background about grief, loss and hope."<ref>{{Citation|title= Kaantaye Kaantaye: Saswata Chatterjee's Engrossing Whodunit Deserves A Better Ending|url= https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/kaantaye-kaantaye-saswata-chatterjees-engrossing-whodunit-deserves-a-better-ending-article-112786269| website= TimesNowNews |date= 25 August 2024| access-date=28 Aug 2024}}</ref>

[[Scroll.in]] on the other hand was critical about the series and called it "An overstretched whodunit".<ref>{{Citation|title= 'Kaantaye Kaantaye' review: An overstretched whodunit|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1072169/kaantaye-kaantaye-review-an-overstretched-whodunit| website= Scroll.in|date=19 August 2024 | access-date=28 Aug 2024}}</ref> [[OTTPlay | HT Media]] too gave it a 2 out of 5 and termed the show a missable.<ref>{{Citation|title= Kaantaye Kaantaye review: Saswata Chatterjee's web series is too long|url= https://www.ottplay.com/review/kaantaye-kaantaye-review-saswata-chatterjees-web-series-is-too-long/aac5acdc69330| website= OTTPlay| access-date=28 Aug 2024}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Feluda]]
*[[Byomkesh Bakshi]]
*[[Dipak Chatterjee]]
*[[Parashor Barma]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt33037780}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/kaantaye-kaantaye/0-6-4z5598539 ''Kaantaye Kaantaye''] on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian web series]]
[[Category:Thriller web series]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Adaptations of works by Narayan Sanyal]]
[[Category:Bengali-language web series]]

Tapan Sen

2026-04-21T23:22:42Z

PiperByrum18: Created New Pg

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Tapan Kumar Sen
| image = File:Tapan Kumar Sen.png
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1951|10|02}}
| birth_place = Kolkata, [[West Bengal]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[General Secretary]], [[Centre of Indian Trade Unions|CITU]]
| term_start = 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/Padmanabhan-Tapan-Sen-elected-CITU-President-General-Secy/article20599782.ece|title=Tapan Sen elected CITU General Secy|date=8 April 2013}}</ref>
| term_end =
| office1 = Member of the [[Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Politburo]] of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| term_start1 = April 2018
| term_end1 =
| office2 = [[Member of parliament|MP]] of [[Rajya Sabha]] for [[West Bengal]]
| term_start2 = 2006
| term_end2 = 2018
| predecessor2 = [[Mohammed Amin (politician)|Mohammed Amin]]
| successor2 = [[Abhishek Manu Singhvi]]
| constituency2 = [[West Bengal]]
| spouse =
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]]
| profession = Politician, Trade Unionist, [[Social worker]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Tapan Kumar Sen''' is a politician from the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and a former Member of the [[Parliament of India]] representing [[West Bengal]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of the [[Indian Parliament]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070810162240/http://164.100.24.167:8080/members/website/Mainweb.asp?mpcode=2022 Profile on Rajya Sabha website]

{{Authority control}}
{{Communist Party of India (Marxist) |state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sen, Tapan Kumar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal]]
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kolkata]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]

{{CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}
{{WestBengal-CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}

Chikhloli railway station

2026-04-21T15:57:10Z

PiperByrum18:

{{Short description|Railway Station in Maharashtra, India}}
{{distinguish|text=[[Chicholi railway station]], a railway station in the Bhandara District of Maharashtra}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Chikhloli Railway Station
| address =
| mapframe =
| name_lang = en
| native_name = चिखलोली रेल्वे स्थानक
| native_name_lang = mr
| other_name =
| style = Indian Railways
| custom_header =
| symbol =
| symbol_location =
| image =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| mlanguage =
| borough =
| country =
| coordinates = {{Coord|19.186|N|73.215|E|region:IN_type:railwaystation|display=inline,title}}
| elevation =
| system = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] and [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]] station
| owned = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]], [[Indian Railways]]
| manager =
| operator =
| transit_authority =
| lines = [[Central Line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Central Line]]
| distance =
| platforms =
| tracks =
| train_operators =
| tram_routes =
| tram_operators =
| bus_routes =
| bus_stands =
| bus_operators =
| connections =
| structure = At-grade
| depth =
| levels =
| parking =
| bicycle =
| accessible =
| architect =
| architectural_style =
| status = Under construction
| code = CHLI
| iata =
| zone = [[Central Railways]]
| classification =
| website =
| opened =
| opening =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified =
| former =
| original =
| pregroup =
| postgroup =
| prenational =
| years =
| events =
| mpassengers =
| passengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_rank =
| services =
| services_collapsible =
| other_services =
| other_services_header =
| other_services_collapsible =
| other_services2 =
| other_services2_header =
| other_services2_collapsible =
| embedded =
| nrhp =
| route_map = {{MSR Central line}}
| mapframe-caption =
| mapframe-custom =
| mapframe-id =
| mapframe-coordinates =
| mapframe-wikidata =
| mapframe-point =
| mapframe-shape =
| mapframe-frame-width =
| mapframe-frame-height =
| mapframe-shape-fill =
| mapframe-shape-fill-opacity =
| mapframe-stroke-color =
| mapframe-stroke-width =
| mapframe-marker =
| mapframe-marker-color =
| mapframe-geomask =
| mapframe-geomask-stroke-color =
| mapframe-geomask-stroke-width =
| mapframe-geomask-fill =
| mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity =
| mapframe-zoom =
| mapframe-length_km =
| mapframe-length_mi =
| mapframe-area_km2 =
| mapframe-area_mi2 =
| mapframe-frame-coordinates =
| mapframe-switcher =
| map_image =
| map_image_upright =
| map_state = collapsed
| map_name =
| map_type = India#Maharashtra
| AlternativeMap =
| map_alt =
| map_overlay =
| map_dot_label = Chikhloli
| map_label_position =
| map_caption =
| map_size =
| grid_name =
| grid_position =
| footnotes =
| location_state =
| footnotes_state =
}}

'''Chikhloli railway station''' (station code: '''CHLI''') is an upcoming railway station on the [[Central line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Central line]] of the [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]] network. It will be located on the route between [[Ambarnath railway station]] and [[Badlapur railway station]] in the village of Chikhloli.<ref name="station">{{cite web |title=Chikhloli station to bridge Ambernath-Badlapur gap, easing commutes for locals |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/mumbai-local-train-updates-central-railway-to-operate-night-block-on-kalyan-badlapur-section-this-weekend-check-details-here-23611350 |date=5 March 2025 |website=Mid-Day |access-date=2026-04-21}}</ref>

== Development ==
The station is being constructed as part of the [[Mumbai Urban Transport Project]] 3A (MUTP 3A), which aims to enhance suburban rail infrastructure. The project is being executed by [[Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation]]<ref name="station"/>.

The station is likely to be completed by 2027, however it is being developed in conjunction with the railway line expansion to 4 tracks between [[Kalyan]] and [[Badlapur]]. The new platforms at Chikhloli are being built to serve the brand-new railway line tracks that will come up as part of the quadrupling work. This means that even if the station structure is completed earlier, train services cannot begin until the new tracks are laid and commissioned.

The project is being estimated to cost ₹1510 crore.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai In Motion: Long-Awaited Chikhloli Railway Station Construction Advances On Central Line, Services Likely By 2027 |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-long-awaited-chikhloli-railway-station-construction-advances-on-central-line-services-likely-by-2027 |date=14 March 2026 |website=Free Press Journal |access-date=2026-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Chikhloli Work in Full Swing ! {{pipe}} Station Between Ambernath & Badlapur {{pipe}} Drone Update |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJlwtqH0QZ0 |date=2 Mar 2026 |website=YouTube |access-date=2026-04-21 | publisher=PowerTrain By Aakash Bhavsar}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Mumbai - Suburban Railway, Central}}
[[Category:Kalyan-Lonavala rail line]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Thane district]]
[[Category:Mumbai Suburban Railway stations]]
[[Category:Mumbai CR railway division]]

Madhupur Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:17:58Z

PiperByrum18: Made Info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jharkhand legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Madhupur
| state = [[Jharkhand]]
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 13
| district = [[Deoghar district|Deoghar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Godda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Godda]]
| established = 2000
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Hafizul Hassan.jpg
| map_image = Madhupur constituency map.svg
| mla = [[Hafizul Hasan]]
| party = {{Party index link|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
}}
'''Madhupur Assembly constituency''' is a [[State legislative assemblies of India|Legislative Assembly]] constituency of [[Deoghar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].<ref name=jhceo>{{cite web |url=http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |title=AC & PC List- Jharkhand |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218152343/http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |archive-date=18 December 2019}}</ref><ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |title=Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2010 |access-date=13 October 2021 }}</ref>

==Overview==
Madhupur Assembly constituency covers: Madhupur and Karon Police Stations and Kusmil, Chanddih, Pathra and Basbariya gram panchayats in Jasidih Police Station in Deoghar district.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|publisher = Election Commission of India|accessdate = 26 January 2016 }}</ref>

Madhupur Assembly constituency is part of [[Godda (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/> It is also a part of Deogarh pranav.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
! colspan=4| [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''Before 1957: see Madhupur cum Sarath constituency''}}
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''1957-62: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]] ||Chhattu Turi || {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
| [[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]] ||Ajit Kumar Banerjee || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
| [[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]] ||Bhageshwar Prasad Moul || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]] ||rowspan=2|Ajit Kumar Banerjee || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
| [[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]] ||rowspan=2|Krishna Nand Jha || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]] ||Uday Shankar Jha
|-
| [[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]] ||rowspan=2|[[Haji Hussain Ansari]] || {{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|-
! colspan=4| [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2005]] || [[Raj Paliwar]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || [[Haji Hussain Ansari]] || {{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|-
| [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || [[Raj Paliwar]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || [[Haji Hussain Ansari]] || {{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2021 elections in India#Jharkhand|2021^]]|| rowspan="2" |[[Hafizul Hasan]]
|-
|[[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}

^by-election

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Madhupur<ref>{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Jharkhand Assembly Election Results 2024 - Seats won by JMM |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |access-date=24 November 2024 |date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124045445/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |archive-date=24 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Hafizul Hasan]] |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=1,43,953 |percentage=50.97% |change={{increase}}1.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganga Narayan Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,23,926 |percentage=43.88% |change={{decrease}}2.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sahud Mian |party=Independent politician |votes=3,399 |percentage=1.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subodh Kumar Rajhans |party=Independent politician |votes=1,720 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Md Jiyaul Hak |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,674 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=3,657 |percentage=1.29% |change={{decrease}}0.97 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,027 |percentage=7.09% |change= {{increase}}4.77 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,82,427 |percentage=76.67% |change= {{increase}}6.65 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,68,385 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.26 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |swing= {{increase}}1.88 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly By-election 2021===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 elections in India#Jharkhand|2021 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Madhupur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Hafizul Hasan]] |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=1,10,812 |percentage=49.09% |change={{increase}}10.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganga Narayan Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,05,565 |percentage=46.76% |change={{increase}}18.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Kumar Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=3,924 |percentage=1.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajendra Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=2,409 |percentage=1.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Uttam Kumar Yadav |party=Independent politician |votes=2,003 |percentage=0.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=5,123 |percentage=2.27% |change={{increase}}0.30 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,247 |percentage=2.32% |change= {{decrease}}7.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,25,746 |percentage=71.62% |change= {{decrease}}3.78 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,22,407 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.68 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |swing= {{increase}}10.69 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Madhupur<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/11813-jharkhand-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Jharkhand Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=9 February 2022 |date=6 February 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Haji Hussain Ansari]] |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=88,115 |percentage=38.40% |change={{increase}}4.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Raj Paliwar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=65,046 |percentage=28.34% |change={{decrease}}8.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganga Narayan Ray |party=All Jharkhand Students Union |votes=45,620 |percentage=19.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Md. Ikbal |party=All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen |votes=9,866 |percentage=4.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sahim Khan |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=4,222 |percentage=1.84% |change={{decrease}}11.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Budhdev Murmu |party=Independent politician |votes=2,241 |percentage=0.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjay Kumar Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,038 |percentage=0.89% |change={{decrease}}0.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=4,520 |percentage=1.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,069 |percentage=10.05% |change= {{increase}}6.60 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,29,491 |percentage=73.80% |change= {{increase}}2.80 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,10,976 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.87 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}1.07 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Madhupur<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3787-jharkhand-2014/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Raj Paliwar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=74,325 |percentage=37.32% |change={{increase}}19.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Hafizul Hasan]] |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=67,441 |percentage=33.87% |change={{increase}}1.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sahim Khan |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=25,756 |percentage=12.93% |change={{decrease}}5.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Faiyaj Kaisar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,937 |percentage=4.49% |change={{decrease}}4.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manish Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,514 |percentage=1.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Tripathi |party=Independent politician |votes=2,905 |percentage=1.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Prasad Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,828 |percentage=1.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=3,300 |percentage=1.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,884 |percentage=3.46% |change= {{decrease}}10.41 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,99,134 |percentage=71.00% |change= {{increase}}10.24 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,80,478 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.48 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |swing= {{increase}}4.88 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Madhupur<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3786-jharkhand-2009/ |title=Jharkhand 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=20 August 2018 |access-date= 23 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Haji Hussain Ansari]] |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=47,880 |percentage=32.45% |change={{increase}}4.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shiv Dutt Sharma |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=27,412 |percentage=18.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Avishek Anand Jha |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=26,915 |percentage=18.24% |change={{decrease}}14.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Salauddin Ansari |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,678 |percentage=8.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kundan Kumar Bhaghat |party=Independent politician |votes=5,296 |percentage=3.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=3,149 |percentage=2.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganga Narayan Ray |party=Independent politician |votes=2,605 |percentage=1.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,468 |percentage=13.87% |change= {{increase}}9.41 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,47,566 |percentage=60.76% |change= {{decrease}}2.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,42,870 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.35 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.14 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2005===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Madhupur<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3785-jharkhand-2005/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2005 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Raj Paliwar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=48,756 |percentage=32.59% |change={{increase}}6.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Haji Hussain Ansari]] |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=42,089 |percentage=28.13% |change={{decrease}}2.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Saheem Khan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=25,506 |percentage=17.05% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=10,385 |percentage=6.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jawahar Prasad Singh |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=5,989 |percentage=4.00% |change={{decrease}}0.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surendra Rawani |party=Jharkhand Vananchal Congress |votes=2,927 |percentage=1.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Santosh Kumar Modi |party=Independent politician |votes=2,278 |percentage=1.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,667 |percentage=4.46% |change= {{decrease}}0.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,49,610 |percentage=63.05% |change= {{increase}}2.36 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,37,299 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.93 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |swing= {{increase}}2.02 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2000===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Madhupur<ref>{{cite web|url = https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |title = Statistical Report on General Election, 2000 to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar|access-date = 16 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005142035/https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |archive-date= 5 October 2023 |website=ceobihar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Bihar}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Haji Hussain Ansari]] |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=35,811 |percentage=30.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vishakha Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=30,579 |percentage=26.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishnanand Jha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,782 |percentage=17.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arvind Yadav |party=Independent politician |votes=6,279 |percentage=5.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sitaram Sah |party=Independent politician |votes=5,602 |percentage=4.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Salauddin Ansari |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=5,537 |percentage=4.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surendra Rawani |party=Independent politician |votes=3,788 |percentage=3.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,232 |percentage=4.47% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,17,143 |percentage=61.46% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,93,038 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Madhupur (community development block)]]
*[[Karon, Deoghar|Karon]]
*[[List of states of India by type of legislature]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand}}

{{coord|24.27|86.64|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Politics of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Deoghar district]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2000]]

Kalol, Gandhinagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:21:08Z

PiperByrum18: Adding the post initial version

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{expand list|date=June 2025}}{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kalol
| mla = [[Laxmanji Punjaji Thakor]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Gandhinagar Lok Sabha constituency|Gandhinagar]]
| established = 1962
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:248159}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 38
}}

'''Kalol''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar]] district and is numbered as 38-Kalol. It is a part of the Gandhinagar Lok Sabha constituency.

==List of segments==
This assembly seat represents the following segments:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent |last= |first= |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date= 5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |accessdate=12 February 2017 }}</ref>

:Kalol Taluka (part) villages – Bhavpura, Kantha, Nava, Golthara, Nardipur, Mokhasan, Dingucha, Pansar, Bhadol, Dhamasna, Isand, Vadavsvami, Bileshvarpura, Dhanot, [[Chhatral]], Ola, Arsodiya, Pratappura, Piyaj, Borisana, Dhanaj, Palsana, Sherisa, Ramnagar, Vansajada, Bhoyan Moti, Sabaspur, Usmanabad, Ganpatpura, Jaspur, Dantali, Vadsar, Karoli, Hajipur, Bhimasan, Jethlaj, Khatraj, Sanavad, Santej, Rakanpur, Ranchhodpura, Nasmed, Adhana, Mulasana, Vayana, Vansajada Dhedia, Unali, Rancharada, Nandoli, Palodiya, Chhatral (INA), Kalol (INA), Saij, Kalol (M).

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|1990 ||rowspan=2| Vitthalbhai Somdas Patel||rowspan=2| ||{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|1995
|-
|1998 || Sureshkumar Chaturdas Patel|| || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|2002 || Dr. Atulbhai Kalidas Patel|| || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|2007 || Sureshkumar Chaturdas Patel|| || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|2012 ||rowspan=2| Baldevji Chanduji Thakor<ref name=election2017/> ||rowspan=2|
|-
|[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]] || [[Thakor Laxmanji Punjaji|Laxmanji Punjaji Thakor (Bakaji)]]<ref>{{cite web |title=2022 Assembly Election Result - Kalol|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0638.htm?ac=38 |website=www.results.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=9 December 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208211133/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0638.htm?ac=38 |archivedate=8 December 2022}}</ref> || || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2022 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly election, 2022]]:Kalol, Gandhinagar Assembly constituency }}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Thakor Laxmanji Punjaji]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=86102|percentage=49.41|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Baldevji Chanduji Thakor|party=Indian National Congress|votes=80369|percentage=46.12|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kantiji Atmaram Thakor (Jagirdar)|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=2069|percentage=1.19|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=2394|percentage=1.37|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=5,733|percentage=3.29|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:248784}}
|ref=<ref name="Gujarat Elections ECI">{{cite web |title=Gujarat Legislative Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: Kalol<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Baldevji Thakor
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 82,886
|percentage = 50.33
|change = +5.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dr. Atulbhai K. Patel
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 74,921
|percentage = 45.49
|change = +0.49
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,64,689
|percentage = 73.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: Kalol}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Baldevji Thakor
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 64,757
|percentage = 45.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dr. Atulbhai K. Patel
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 64,414
|percentage = 45.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 343
|percentage = 0.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,43,158
|percentage = 76.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Gandhinagar district]]
* [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat}}
{{coord|23.24|72.49|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gandhinagar district]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Gujarat]]

Chikkodi Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:20:57Z

PiperByrum18: Creating Initial Pg Added Tags

{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chikkodi
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Belagavi district|Belagavi]]
| division = [[Belagavi division|Belagavi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency|Chikkodi]]
| constituency_no = 206
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| abolished = 2008
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| electors =
}}
'''Chikkodi Assembly constituency''' was one of the constituencies in [[Karnataka]] state assembly in India until 2008 when it was made defunct. It was part of [[Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" rowspan="2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Kothavale Shankar Dadoba || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| Shreyakar Radhabai Maruti
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Kothavale Shankar Rao Dada Saheb Alias Dadoba
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Mallappa Virappa Shetti || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || S. B. Sidray || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || rowspan="3" | Parashuram Padmanna Hegre
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Chaugule Shakuntala Tukaram
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || Shrikant Shetteppa Bhimannavar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || Balasaheb Shamarao Waddar || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Kattimani Manohar Shivaputra || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || Hakkyagol Dattu Yellappa || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}
==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chikkodi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Hakkyagol Dattu Yellappa |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 32,663 |percentage = 34.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhimannavar. S. S |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,121 |percentage = 31.92% |change = {{decrease}}6.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Balasaheb Shamarao Waddar |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 21,699 |percentage = 22.99% |change = {{increase}}20.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Rajeev Kamble |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 4,975 |percentage = 5.27% |change = {{increase}}0.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok Krishna Bhandarkar |party = Janata Party |votes = 2,451 |percentage = 2.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sujata Ramesh Kamble |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,310 |percentage = 1.39% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Rau Krishna |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 1,156 |percentage = 1.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,542 |percentage = 2.69% |change = {{decrease}}10.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 94,381 |percentage = 64.70% |change = {{increase}}3.92 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 94,375}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 145,879 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.79 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Janata Dal (United) |swing = {{decrease}}17.49 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chikkodi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kattimani Manohar Shivaputra |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 41,375 |percentage = 52.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rathnamala Savanoor |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,528 |percentage = 38.44% |change = {{increase}}10.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Rajeev Kamble |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,488 |percentage = 4.39% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Appasaheb Siddappa Byle |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,773 |percentage = 2.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shamarant Shivappa Rachappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 634 |percentage = 0.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prakash Maruti Waddar |party = Independent politician |votes = 614 |percentage = 0.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankar Munavalli |party = Independent politician |votes = 507 |percentage = 0.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Karale Sanjeev Laxman |party = Bharatiya Republican Paksha |votes = 501 |percentage = 0.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,847 |percentage = 13.66% |change = {{decrease}}19.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 83,032 |percentage = 60.78% |change = {{decrease}}0.95 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 79,420}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,528 |percentage = 4.25% |change = {{increase}}1.35 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 136,602 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.98 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal (United) |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{decrease}}8.20 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chikkodi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Balasaheb Shamarao Waddar |party = Janata Dal |votes = 44,491 |percentage = 60.30% |change = {{increase}}31.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Omprakash Shankaranand Kanagali |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,378 |percentage = 27.62% |change = {{decrease}}5.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok Kumar. I. Asode |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 3,360 |percentage = 4.55% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dattu Ratnappa Goundi |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 3,154 |percentage = 4.27% |change = {{decrease}}18.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chougule Ashok Shivappa |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,461 |percentage = 1.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 24,113 |percentage = 32.68% |change = {{increase}}28.41 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 75,987 |percentage = 61.73% |change = {{decrease}}0.44 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 73,780}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,207 |percentage = 2.90% |change = {{decrease}}5.37 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 123,091 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.19 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}26.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chikkodi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shrikant Shetteppa Bhimannavar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,670 |percentage = 33.40% |change = {{decrease}}11.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shrikant Laxman Katti |party = Janata Dal |votes = 18,902 |percentage = 29.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gundu Manappa Rayamane |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 14,477 |percentage = 22.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chougule Ashok Shivappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,866 |percentage = 9.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankuntala Tukkaram Chaugule |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,637 |percentage = 2.52% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Yadav Manohar Sadashiv |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,055 |percentage = 1.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chikodi Shidram Dundappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 641 |percentage = 0.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,768 |percentage = 4.27% |change = {{decrease}}4.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 70,729 |percentage = 62.17% |change = {{decrease}}4.87 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 64,877}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 5,852 |percentage = 8.27% |change = {{increase}}6.87 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 113,769 |ref = |change = {{increase}}24.87 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}20.16 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chikkodi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Chaugule Shakuntala Tukaram |party = Janata Party |votes = 32,257 |percentage = 53.56% |change = {{increase}}7.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Karale Laxman Bhimrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,739 |percentage = 44.40% |change = {{decrease}}0.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Umrao Ramchandra Gaikwad |party = Independent politician |votes = 546 |percentage = 0.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,518 |percentage = 9.16% |change = {{increase}}7.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 61,077 |percentage = 67.04% |change = {{increase}}4.26 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 60,222}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 855 |percentage = 1.40% |change = {{decrease}}1.49 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 91,108 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.99 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}7.09 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chikkodi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Parashuram Padmanna Hegre |party = Janata Party |votes = 22,446 |percentage = 46.47% |change = {{increase}}14.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chikodi Shidram Dundappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,817 |percentage = 45.17% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maruti Tukaram |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 2,128 |percentage = 4.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shrikant Shetteppa Bhimannavar |party = Independent politician |votes = 783 |percentage = 1.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Balapgol Ningappa Santappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 604 |percentage = 1.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vibhute Shripati Maruti |party = Independent politician |votes = 355 |percentage = 0.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 629 |percentage = 1.30% |change = {{decrease}}21.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 49,743 |percentage = 62.78% |change = {{increase}}5.38 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 48,303}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,440 |percentage = 2.89% |change = {{increase}}0.36 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,228 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.45 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}8.70 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chikkodi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Parashuram Padmanna Hegre |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 22,345 |percentage = 55.17% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Shripathi |party = Janata Party |votes = 13,104 |percentage = 32.36% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madhale Laxman Devarayappa |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 4,682 |percentage = 11.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Varale Shidleppa Babu |party = Independent politician |votes = 369 |percentage = 0.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,241 |percentage = 22.82% |change = {{decrease}}13.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 41,552 |percentage = 57.40% |change = {{increase}}0.83 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 40,500}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,052 |percentage = 2.53% |change = {{increase}}2.53 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 72,386 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.76 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}9.50 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Chikkodi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Parashuram Padmanna Hegre |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 22,005 |percentage = 64.67% |change = {{decrease}}13.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pandit Seetaram Bagewadi |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 9,530 |percentage = 28.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sakharam Bhagoji Shinde |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 1,409 |percentage = 4.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Avinash Dattatray Katti |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,084 |percentage = 3.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,475 |percentage = 36.66% |change = {{decrease}}26.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 35,069 |percentage = 56.57% |change = {{increase}}2.84 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 34,028}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 61,994 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.50 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}13.87 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Chikkodi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = S. B. Sidray |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,455 |percentage = 78.54% |change = {{increase}}36.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. A. Devaray |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 4,273 |percentage = 15.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. P. Padmanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,589 |percentage = 5.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,182 |percentage = 62.90% |change = {{increase}}47.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 28,841 |percentage = 53.73% |change = {{decrease}}12.62 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 27,317}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 53,675 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.30 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}21.02 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Chikkodi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mallappa Virappa Shetti |party = Independent politician |votes = 17,994 |percentage = 57.52% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankarrao Dadasaheb Kothaval Alias Dadoba |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 13,287 |percentage = 42.48% |change = {{decrease}}9.68 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,707 |percentage = 15.05% |change = {{increase}}10.74 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 33,190 |percentage = 66.35% |change = {{increase}}1.43 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 31,281}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,022 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.71 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}5.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Chikkodi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kothavale Shankar Rao Dada Saheb Alias Dadoba |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,766 |percentage = 52.16% |change = {{increase}}0.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shetti Mallappa Veerappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 13,545 |percentage = 47.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,221 |percentage = 4.31% |change = {{decrease}}3.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 28,311 |percentage = 64.92% |change = {{decrease}}65.10 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 28,311}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 43,609 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}57.73 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}24.42 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Chikkodi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kothavale Shankar Dadoba |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 37,217 |percentage = 27.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shreyakar Radhabai Maruti |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 32,473 |percentage = 24.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Desai Appasaheb Tulajaramrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 26,125 |percentage = 19.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Varale Balwant Hanmant |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 15,153 |percentage = 11.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shetti Mallappa Veerappa |party = Socialist Party (India) |votes = 7,257 |percentage = 5.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhogale Peerappa Krishna |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,471 |percentage = 4.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Malagouda Hari |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,214 |percentage = 3.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Honshetti Bhausaheb Devendra |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,678 |percentage = 2.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pratap Shiddojirao Umajirao |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,553 |percentage = 1.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,092 |percentage = 8.27% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 134,141 |percentage = 69.07% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 134,141}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 103,171 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

{{Coord|16.428649|74.585235|region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Belagavi district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]

Socialist Party (India, 1971)

2026-04-13T18:34:52Z

PiperByrum18: Created Bio - done

{{Infobox political party
| name = Socialist Party
| logo =
| logo_alt =
| colorcode = green
| chairperson = [[George Fernandes]]
| general_secretary = Surendra Mohan
| governing_body = National Committee
| leader3_title = Parliamentary Board chairman
| leader3_name = [[Samar Guha]]
| leader1_title = Treasurer
| leader1_name = K.G. Maheshwarappa
| leader2_title = Joint Secretaries
| leader2_name = Brij Mohan Toofan, Vinod Prasad Singh
| founded = {{start date|1971|08|09}}
| dissolved = {{end date|1977|01|23}}
| headquarters = 16-17 Vihal Bhai Patel House, Rafi Marg, [[New Delhi]]<ref name=regi>''[https://ia801400.us.archive.org/26/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.117876/2015.117876.The-Annual-Register-Of-Indian-Political-Parties-Vol-i-1972-1973_text.pdf The Annual Register of Indian Political Parties, Vol. 1]''. Orientalia, 1973 pp. 31-32, 725-728, 754-755</ref>
| ideology = [[Socialism]]
| international =
| country = India
| merger = [[Praja Socialist Party]], [[Samyukta Socialist Party]], [[Indian Socialist Party]]
| merged = [[Janata Party]]
| symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Tree.png|130px]]
}}
The '''Socialist Party''' was a [[political party]] in India. It was founded in 1971 through the merger of the [[Praja Socialist Party]] (PSP), the [[Samyukta Socialist Party]] (SSP) and the [[Indian Socialist Party]]. The unification process of PSP and SSP was itself marred by divisions, and in 1972 the party suffered major splits in Northern India. From January 1973 [[George Fernandes]] emerged as the leader of the party, and would emerge as a force within the opposition during the [[Emergency (India)|Emergency]]. In 1977 the party merged into the [[Janata Party]].

==Merger process==
===1971 elections and push for PSP-SSP unification===
The [[1971 Indian general election]] represented a severe setback for both the PSP (obtaining only 2 [[Lok Sabha]] seats) and the SSP (obtaining 3 Lok Sabha seats).<ref>Ali, Rehana. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/The_Working_of_Election_Commission_of_In/u-eNAAAAMAAJ The Working of Election Commission of India]''. Jnanada Prakashan, 2001. p. 143</ref><ref name=lpfi/> Whilst the two parties had entered the 1971 elections with very different electoral strategies, the defeat at the polls prompted the leadership of both parties to move towards a reunification of the socialist movement.<ref name=lpfi/>

In [[Uttar Pradesh]] a sizeable section of SSP had rejected the alliance with right-wing parties, a joined the [[Congress (R)]] during the 1971 election campaign.<ref name=lpfi/> After the election SSP leader [[Salikram Jaiswal]] and 9 other SSP Members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly joined the Congress (R).<ref name=lpfi/> Reflecting on the election outcome, [[Chief Minister of Bihar]] and SSP leader [[Karpoori Thakur]] appealed for "the consolidation of Socialist forces" in the country.<ref name=lpfi/> Former SSP national chairman [[S. M. Joshi]] voiced support for unity with PSP.<ref name=lpfi/>

On March 15, 1971 the PSP general secretary Prem Bhasin stated that the "need for a separate, independent Socialist party was greater than ever now".<ref name=lpfi/> On March 17, 1971 the PSP National Executive held a meeting at which the party, albeit with some hesitation, gave up its hitherto line of seeking an understanding with the ruling [[Congress (R)]].<ref name=lpfi/>

The SSP National Executive held its first post-election meeting on April 3–4, 1971.<ref name=lpfi/> The SSP National Executive decided to pull out of the opposition Grand Alliance.<ref name=lpfi/> At the meeting there was a clash between [[Madhu Limaye]] and [[Raj Narain]], with the former called for left unity whilst and the latter opposing such moves.<ref name=lpfi/> It was decided that a party conference towards the end of the same month would resolve the matter.<ref name=lpfi/> PSP-SSP unity talks had been scheduled to take place on April 24, 1971 in New Delhi, but the talks were postponed until after extraordinary conference of SSP in [[Patna]] in late April 1971.<ref name=lpfi/> On April 12, 1971 the [[Maharashtra]] Executive of PSP held a meeting in [[Poona]], at which it adopted a call for socialist merger and left unity (including the [[Republican Party of India]] and the [[Communist Party of India]]).<ref name=lpfi/>

===ISP and the merger process===
On April 1, 1971 the chairman of the [[Indian Socialist Party]] (ISP), [[K. Chandrasekharan]], speaking in [[Thiruvanathapuram]] called for a unity process including the PSP, the SSP, the ISP, PSP splinter groups in [[Bihar]] and [[West Bengal]] as well as a SSP splinter group in West Bengal.<ref name=lpfi/> K. Chandrasekharan had attended an August 15–16, 1970 socialist unity conference in [[Patna]] convened by the Bihar rebel PSP.<ref name=ie70>{{cite news|newspaper=The Indian Express|url=https://books.google.at/books?id=hIdlAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA10|page=10|date=August 18, 1970|title=Socialists to set up new party}}</ref> Other participants at the August 1970 Patna conference had included A. Halim (secretary of the Uttar Pradesh ISP), Bidyut Basu (chairman of the rebel PSP of West Bengal), Sooraj Narain Singh (chairman of the rebel PSP of Bihar) and Chandrashwar Azad (joint secretary of the rebel PSP of Bihar).<ref name=snsa/><ref name=ie70/> The August 1970 Patna conference resolved that a new "dynamic militant socialist party" be formed and elected a 10-member preparatory committee to organize the process.<ref name=snsa/><ref name=ie70/>

===SSP Patna Conference===
The SSP Special Conference in Patna was finally held on April 28, 1971.<ref name=lpfi/> At the conference the S.M. Joshi camp (with Madhu Limaye, [[George Fernandes]] and Ramand Tiwari) accused Raj Narain of trying to rig elections through use of bogus voters, prompting Joshi and his followers to walk out of the conference in protest.<ref name=lpfi/> Apart from the issue of electoral fraud accusations, the Joshi camp also called for the party to adopt socialist unity and reject alliances with right-wing parties. The Raj Narain camp on the other hand opposed unification with PSP and wanted to continue the participation of SSP in the governing [[Samyukta Vidhayak Dal]] coalition in Bihar.<ref name=lpfi>Fickett, Lewis P.. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/The_Major_Socialist_Parties_of_India/kZ9aAAAAIAAJ The Major Socialist Parties of India: A Study in Leftist Fragmentation]''. Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, 1976. pp. 85-89</ref>

As of the early May 1971 the Joshi camp managed to gain the upper hand in the battle over the SSP - a credential committee was established (to purge fake voters from the party), Karpoori Thakur agreed to leave the Bihar government, a proposal to substitute the SSP Uttar Pradesh leadership with an ad hoc committee was accepted and the SSP National Committee proposed to seek unity with PSP and ISP.<ref name=lpfi/> In response to these moves Raj Narain said he would retire from active politics.<ref name=lpfi/>

===Draft merger agreement===
PSP-SSP unity talks resumed on May 25, 1971.<ref name=lpfi/> On June 4, 1971 George Fernandes, speaking in [[Bangalore]], announced that PSP and SSP had agreed to a merger, and that the two parties had agreed on all issues - including language, caste and price control policies.<ref name=lpfi/> Moreover Fernandes states that parties like the ISP, the Republican Party of India, the [[Peasants and Workers Party of India]] and the minor Kerala socialist parties were invited to join the united party.<ref name=lpfi/> However, behind closed doors, there were still some tweaks to be worked out on language and caste policies between the leaderships of the two parties.<ref name=lpfi/> In the drafting of the terms of the merger agreement, all the [[Ram Manohar Lohia|Lohiaite]] positions on language policies and backward castes were accepted.<ref name=sso>Shah, Sonal. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Indian_Socialists/zl_lAAAAMAAJ Indian socialists : search for identity]''. Popular Prakashan, 1994. pp. 149, 153-154</ref> The draft merger agreement called for a "radical socialist alternative" to the Congress(R).<ref name=lpfi/> The draft called for the total replacement of English language by Hindi and the application of strict quota reservation policies for backward castes for education and employment.<ref name=lpfi/> The SSP did however agree to softening their language policy a bit, as they accepted that non-Hindi states could use English during a transitional period.<ref name=snsa/> The draft agreement rejected the participation in united fronts with parties opposed to nationalism, democracy, secularism and socialism.<ref name=snsa>Sadasivan, S. N.. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Party_and_Democracy_in_India/lJ2KAAAAMAAJ Party and Democracy in India]''. Tata McGraw-Hill, 1977. pp. 164, 166-168</ref> The document called for the implementation of integrated price control policy.<ref name=snsa/>

On June 20, 1971 a draft merger agreement was signed in Delhi by both parties.<ref name=lpfi/><ref name=sso/> The draft agreement was to be ratified by each party.<ref name=lpfi/> In response to the June 20, 1971 draft merger agreement, the ISP units in Bihar and Kerala pledged to join the merger process.<ref name=lpfi/> Splinter groups in Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal also pledged to join the unification process.<ref name=lpfi/> The SSP Special Convention held at [[Barahiya]] on June 27, 1971 overwhelmingly voted to ratify the merger, following a stormy debate that lasted for six hours.<ref name=lpfi/>

===West Bengal, Bihar and Kerala coalition governments===
A major hurdle for the merger was the question of participation in state governments.<ref name=lpfi/> Per the June 20, 1971 draft merger agreement, socialists should end their participation in state coalition governments in Bihar, Kerala and West Bengal.<ref name=lpfi/><ref name=sso/> There were sectors of PSP reluctant to break away from the state governments.<ref name=lpfi/> The issue of PSP participation in the West Bengal state government was resolved on June 28, 1971, as the cabinet collapsed and [[President's Rule]] was imposed in the state.<ref name=lpfi/>

In Bihar, PSP Lok Sabha parliamentarian Sisir Kumar and 4 PSP Members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly rejected the merger process and refused to heed the call to withdraw support to the [[Bhola Paswan Shastri]] state government.<ref name=snsa/> On July 15, 1971 they were suspended from PSP chairman [[Narayan Ganesh Gore|N.G. Goray]].<ref name=snsa/>

Regarding Kerala the PSP National Executive sent [[Peter Alvares]] and N.G. Goray to try to convince the state party unit to break with the [[C. Achutha Menon]] state government, but the majority in PSP in Kerala opposed the new line.<ref name=lpfi/> The PSP youth wing in Kerala opposed withdrawing support to the [[C. Achutha Menon]] government.<ref name=snsa/> On July 18, 1971 the PSP Kerala State Council held a meeting in [[Cochin]], at which a majority voted to endorse that the PSP state government minister {{ill|N.K. Balakrishnan|ml|എൻ.കെ. ബാലകൃഷ്ണൻ}} remain in his post.<ref name=snsa/> Thus the majority group of PSP in Kerala broke away from the national party organization.<ref name=lpfi/> Some 100 PSP workers loyal to the National Executive Committee stormed out of the venue in protest. The NEC loyalists then gathered at a nearby hotel, claiming that they were the legitimate PSP unit in Kerala and they passed a no-confidence resolution against PSP Kerala State Executive chairman Attingal Gopala Pillai.<ref name=snsa/> The PSP NEC loyalist group in Kerala was led by [[P. Viswambharan]] and [[N. K. Seshan|N.K. Seshan]].<ref name=snsa/>

==Formation of the Socialist Party==
The PSP Special Conference held in [[Bulandshahr]] on August 8, 1971 unanimously ratified the merger, removing the last road block for the unification process.<ref name=lpfi/> On August 9, 1971 the merger of the PSP, SSP and ISP was formalized.<ref name=lpfi/><ref name=snsa/><ref name=ksa/><ref name=socaff/> The National Ad Hoc Committee of the unified Socialist Party held its first meeting on that day.<ref name=lpfi/><ref name=snsa/> 55 out of 61 National Ad Hoc Committee members were in attendance.<ref name=lpfi/> Apart from leaders hailing from PSP, SSP and ISP, there were also leaders of the erstwhile Socialist Party of West Bengal, the Bihar Socialist Party and the Uttar Pradesh Socialist Party represented in the National Ad Hoc Committee.<ref name=lpfi/> The meeting elected Karpoori Thakur as party chairman and [[Madhu Dandavate]] as party general secretary.<ref name=lpfi/> The National Ad Hoc Committee resolved to continue operating until a new party leadership could be elected in June 1972.<ref name=lpfi/> At this point the unified Socialist Party claimed a membership of 600,000.<ref name=lpfi/> The newspaper ''Janata'' became the party organ.<ref name=socaff/> The Rashtra Seva Dal was the volunteer organisation of the party.<ref name=cja/>

The August 9, 1971 foundation of the new party coincided with the 29th anniversary of the [[Quit India]] movement launched by the [[Congress Socialist Party]].<ref name=snsa/> Moreover, on the same day as the foundation of the new party, the [[Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation]] was signed.<ref name=smmsu/> The newly constituted Socialist Party issued strong criticism of the treaty.<ref name=smmsu>Subhani, S. M. Mohiuddin. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Attitude_of_Socialists_Towards_India_s_F/DIUdAAAAMAAJ Attitude of Socialists Towards India's Foreign Policy]''. India, National Publishing House, 1977. p. 123</ref> The Socialist Party would argue that India should neither depend on aid from the capitalist nor socialist blocs.<ref>Bhatt, G. D.. ''[https://www.google.com.py/books/edition/Indo_Soviet_Relations_and_Indian_Public/EB1uAAAAMAAJ Indo-Soviet Relations and Indian Public Opinion]''. Pacifier Publications, 1989. p. 163</ref>

Parallel to the PSP Bulandshahr convention and the foundation meeting of the Socialist Party, the dissident wing of PSP led by Sisir Kumar and [[D. Damodaran Potti]] organized a meeting of former PSP workers in New Delhi August 8–9, 1971. The meeting the PSP as reconstituted, denouncing the merger with SSP as "betrayal of democratic socialism".<ref name=snsa/> On August 14, 1971 Sisir Kumar issued an appeal to PSP to "return" to his faction, arguing the PSP-SSP merger was "unworkable".<ref name=snsa/>

Within just 4 days of the merger Raj Narain and 8 others resigned from National Ad Hoc Committee. They criticized N.G. Goray and argued that the merger was an "immoral temporary marriage".<ref name=snsa/> He had opposed the merger process but had accepted it due to pressure from the party rank and file.<ref name=sso/> Whilst Raj Narain continued to make critical comments on the merger process, Roma Mitra (editor of ''Mankind'') was more outspoken.<ref name=lpfi/> She argued that the merger process with PSP was "devoid of a positive, political, social, economic or radical or revolutionary content. Quantitatively the merger was supposed to have ushered in a big party, that too it, i. e . the new united party, has been robbed of. So both from the point of view of quality and quantity, the merger has no meaning. The leaders of the SSP, quarreling and wrangling among themselves, have sinned without pleasure."<ref name=lpfi/>

On August 27, 1971 the former Orissa state PSP leader [[Surendranath Dwivedy]] resigned from the Socialist Party and announced that he was reviving the PSP unit in the state.<ref name=snsa/> Dwivedy stated that the policy of "policy of non-cooperation with the other left parties would only help the non-socialist and reactionary forces".<ref name=snsa/> After breaking away from the Socialist Party, the Dwivedy-led PSP soon constituted a formal alliance with the Congress(R) against the [[Swatantra Party]]-[[Utkal Congress]] state government.<ref name=snsa/>

In October 1971 the newly-formed Socialist Party underwent its first internal crisis, as conflict broke out over the selection of an ad hoc committee and parliamentary committee for the party in Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=prbr>Brass, Paul R.. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Caste_Faction_and_Party_in_Indian_Politi/J_oqAAAAIAAJ Caste, Faction, and Party in Indian Politics: Faction and party]''. Chanakya Publications, 1984. pp. 162-163</ref> Eventually the National Ad Hoc Committee of the party managed to reach a unanimous decision on the Uttar Pradesh bodies at its meeting on October 24, 1971.<ref name=prbr/>

==1972 elections==
[[File:Socialist Party 1972 elections.png|thumb|Seats won by the Socialist Party in 1972 assembly elections. Each circle represents one seat.]]The party was recognized by the [[Election Commission of India]] as a 'National Party'.<ref name=regi/> The party was assigned the 'tree' election symbol.<ref name=regi/> [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] elections were held in March 1972 in [[Andhra Pradesh]],<ref name="eci-archive-report-ap72"/> [[Assam]],<ref name="eci-archive-report-AS72"/> [[Bihar]],<ref name="eci-archive-report-BR72"/> [[Delhi]],<ref name="eci-archive-report-DL72"/> [[Goa, Daman and Diu]],<ref name="eci-archive-report-GA72"/> [[Gujarat]],<ref name="eci-archive-report-GJ72"/> [[Haryana]],<ref name="eci-archive-report-HR72"/> [[Himachal Pradesh]],<ref name="eci-archive-report-HP72"/> [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]],<ref name="eci-archive-report-JK72"/> [[Madhya Pradesh]],<ref name="eci-archive-report-MP72"/> [[Maharashtra]],<ref name="eci-archive-report-MH72"/> [[Manipur]],<ref name="eci-archive-report-mn72"/> [[Meghalaya]],<ref name="eci-archive-report-mg72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya}}</ref> [[Mysore State|Mysore]],<ref name="eci-archive-report-KA72"/> [[Punjab]],<ref name="eci-archive-report-pb72"/> [[Rajasthan]],<ref name="eci-archive-report-rj72"/> [[Tripura]]<ref name="eci-archive-report-tp72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura}}</ref> and [[West Bengal]],<ref name="eci-archive-report-wb72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal}}</ref> and in April 1972 in [[Mizoram]].<ref name="eci-archive-report-mz72"/> The Socialist Party contested all of these elections, except the elections in Meghalaya and Tripura.

By the time of the 1972 Legislative Assembly elections the merger process of the Socialist Party was still partially incomplete, with the Socialist Party policy statement and organizational structure were not finalized.<ref name=ksa>Sahai, Krishna. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Socialist_Movement_in_India/mbMiAAAAMAAJ Socialist Movement in India]''. Classical Publishing Company, 1986. p. 154</ref> The party issued an election manifesto titled ''All Power to the People''.<ref name=ncme/> The party opted to contest the elections without any alliances with other parties.<ref name=ncme/> There were only minor arrangements with other parties at constituency level.<ref name=prbr/> The manifesto placed emphasis on the housing question, calling for the launch of a large-scale housing program in major cities and encouraging cooperative housing.<ref name=ncme/>

The overall tally of seats won by the Socialist Party in the 1972 assembly elections was 57, which can be compared with a combined PSP-SSP tally of 183 assembly seats in the 1967 elections.<ref name=jpi72/> The Mizoram unit of the Socialist Party, which had been established in 1971, merged with the Congress (R) after the 1972 Legislative Assembly election.<ref>Nunthara, C.. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Mizoram/Jksn3c85KOkC Mizoram: Society and Polity]''. Indus Publishing Company, 1996. pp. 148, 282</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Results of the Socialist Party in the 1972 Legislative Assembly elections
!State/UT
!SP Candidates
!Seats won
!Votes
!% of state-wide vote
!% of votes in seats contested
!PSP-SSP candidates in 1967
! +/-
!Seats won in 1967
! +/-
!Votes in 1967
! +/-
!% of state-wide vote in 1967
! +/-
!References
|-
|[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Andhra Pradesh]]
|4
|0
|9,952
|0.07%
|5.08%
|11
|{{decrease}}7
|1
|{{decrease}}1
|78,233
|{{decrease}}68,281
|0.57%
|{{decrease}}0.50%
|<ref name="eci-archive-report-ap72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/Statittical%20Report%20Andhra%20Pradesh%201972.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-ap67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Andhra%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh}}</ref>
|-
|[[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election|Assam]]
|38
|4
|214,342
|5.77%
|17.47%
|52
|{{decrease}}14
|9
|{{decrease}}5
|314,896
|{{decrease}}100,554
|10.14%
|{{decrease}}4.37%
|<ref name="eci-archive-report-AS72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/Statistical%20Report%20Assam%201972.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Assam}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-as67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20Assam%201967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Assam}}</ref>
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar]]
|256
|33
|2,814,799
|16.39%
|19.59%
|381
|{{decrease}}125
|86
|{{decrease}}53
|3,328,850
|{{decrease}}514,051
|24.58%
|{{decrease}}8.19%
|<ref name="eci-archive-report-BR72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_Bh_72.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-BR67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Bihar%201967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar}}</ref>
|-
|[[1972 Delhi Metropolitan Council election|Delhi]]
|11
|0
|4,293
|0.31%
|1.31%
|colspan=8|
|<ref name="eci-archive-report-DL72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/Statistical%20Report%201972%20Delhi.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Delhi}}</ref>
|-

|[[1972 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|Goa, Daman and Diu]]
|4
|0
|3,559
|1.17%
|9.27%
|8
|{{decrease}}4
|0
|±0
|3,033
|{{increase}}526
|1.1%
|{{increase}}0.07%
|<ref name="eci-archive-report-GA72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_GOA_72.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Goa, Daman and Diu}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-GA67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statisticall%20Report%20Goa%201967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Goa, Daman and Diu}}</ref>
|-
|[[1972 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat]]
|15
|0
|50,009
|0.72%
|9.11%
|51
|{{decrease}}36
|3
|{{decrease}}3
|235,694
|{{decrease}}185,685
|3.7%
|{{decrease}}2.98%
|<ref name="eci-archive-report-GJ72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_GJ_72.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-GJ67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Gujarat%201967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat}}</ref>
|-
|[[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|Haryana]]
|9
|0
|8,333
|0.24%
|2.11%
|26
|{{decrease}}17
|0
|±0
|114,649
|{{decrease}}106,316
|3.78%
|{{decrease}}3.54%
|<ref name="eci-archive-report-HR72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/Statistical%20Report%201972%20Haryana.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Haryana}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-HR67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Haryana%201967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Haryana}}</ref>
|-
|[[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Himachal Pradesh]]
|2
|0
|586
|0.07%
|1.95%
|3
|{{decrease}}1
|0
|±0
|962
|{{decrease}}376
|0.13%
|{{decrease}}0.06%
|<ref name="eci-archive-report-HP72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalReport%20_HP1972%20.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-HP67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh}}</ref>
|-
|[[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|3
|0
|597
|0.04%
|1.03%
|3
|±0
|0
|±0
|7,847
|{{decrease}}7,250
|0.98%
|{{decrease}}0.94%
|<ref name="eci-archive-report-JK72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu & Kashmir}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-JK67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir}}</ref>
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Madhya Pradesh]]
|149
|7
|679,484
|6.24%
|12.47%
|224
|{{decrease}}75
|19
|{{decrease}}12
|907,923
|{{decrease}}228,439
|9.96%
|{{decrease}}3.72%
|<ref name="eci-archive-report-MP72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisReport_MP_72.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-MP67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madhya%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh}}</ref>
|-
|[[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|Maharashtra]]
|52
|3
|693,797
|4.58%
|23.54%
|114
|{{decrease}}62
|12
|{{decrease}}9
|116,2401
|{{decrease}}468,604
|8.69%
|{{decrease}}4.11%
|<ref name="eci-archive-report-MH72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-MH67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra}}</ref>
|-
|[[1972 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|Manipur]]
|16
|3
|24,195
|5.35%
|18.76%
|17
|{{decrease}}1
|4
|{{decrease}}1
|38,937
|{{decrease}}14,742
|12.47%
|{{decrease}}7.12%
|<ref name="eci-archive-report-mn72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalReport%201972%20Manipur.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Manipur}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-MN67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Manipur%201967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Manipur}}</ref>
|-
|[[1972 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|Mizoram]]
|18
|0
|1,713
|1.54%
|2.53%
|colspan=8|''no election in 1967''
|<ref name="eci-archive-report-mz72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MZ_72.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mizoram}}</ref>
|-
|[[1972 Mysore Legislative Assembly election|Mysore]]
|29
|3
|152,556
|1.69%
|13.38%
|69
|{{decrease}}40
|26
|{{decrease}}23
|851,884
|{{decrease}}699,328
|11.35%
|{{decrease}}9.66%
|<ref name="eci-archive-report-KA72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-KA67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore}}</ref>
|-
|[[1972 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab]]
|8
|0
|44,605
|0.92%
|11.63%
|17
|{{decrease}}9
|1
|{{decrease}}1
|52,226
|{{decrease}}7,621
|1.23%
|{{decrease}}0.31%
|<ref name="eci-archive-report-pb72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/Statistical%20Report%20Punjab%201972.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Punjab}}</ref> <ref name="eci-archive-report-PB67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Punjab%201967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Punjab}}</ref>
|-
|[[1972 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan]]
|36
|4
|189,851
|2.44%
|11.73%
|55
|{{decrease}}19
|8
|{{decrease}}4
|376,192
|{{decrease}}186,341
|5.57%
|{{decrease}}3.13%
|<ref name="eci-archive-report-rj72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_RJ_72.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan}}</ref> <ref name="eci-archive-report-RJ67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Rajasthan%201967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan}}</ref>
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal]]
|26
|0
|109,062
|0.82%
|10.60%
|52
|{{decrease}}26
|14
|{{decrease}}14
|507,928
|{{decrease}}398,866
|4.01%
|{{decrease}}3.19%
|<ref name="eci-archive-report-wb72">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-WB67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal}}</ref>
|-
!Total{{efn|SP fielded no candidates in the [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]], but in the [[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]] SSP had fielded a single candidate who obtained 83 votes, which is taken into consideration in the comparison between 1972 SP result and 1967 PSP-SSP combined result. In 1967 there were also assembly elections in Kerala, Madras, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh. In those four states the combined PSP and SSP tally of seats in 1967 was 103, obtaining a total of 4,336,867 votes.<ref name="eci-archive-report-KL67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Kerala%201967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Kerala}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-TN67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Madras}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-OR67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Orissa%201967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-UP67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201967%20.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh}}</ref> The seats and votes from those four states are not taking into account for the comparison between SP in 1972 and PSP-SSP in 1967 in this table.}}
!676
!57
!5,001,733
!
!
!1,084
!{{decrease}}418
!184
!{{decrease}}126
!7,981,738
!{{decrease}}2,984,298
!
!
!<ref name=regi/><ref name=jpi72>''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Journal_of_Parliamentary_Information/3cffAF94JxsC Journal of Parliamentary Information, Vol. 18]''. Lok Sabha Secretariat, 1972. p. 420</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-TP67">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201967.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura}}</ref>
|}

Socialist Party candidates finished in second place in two [[Lok Sabha]] by-elections in 1972 - [[Ram Sewak Yadav]] obtained 176,436 votes (39.12%) in [[Darbhanga Lok Sabha constituency|Darbhanga]] and [[Kalyan Jain]] obtained 64,356 (42.98%) in [[Indore Lok Sabha constituency|Indore]].<ref name="e">Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20120117074622/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ByeElection/Bye-ele-results%2052-95.xls Bye-election results 1952-95]''</ref> Moreover, the Socialist Party candidate Thangrindema obtained 3,903 votes (3.52%) in the 1972 by-election to the [[Mizoram Lok Sabha constituency|Mizoram Lok Sabha seat]].<ref name="e"/>

==Raj Narain and Karpoori Thakur splits==
In March 1972 Raj Narain decided to contest the [[1972 Rajya Sabha elections|Rajya Sabha elections]], in direct opposition to decision of the Central Parliamentary Board of the Socialist Party.<ref name=prbr/><ref name=snsa/><ref>Chhabra, G. S.. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/The_Indian_Constitutional_System_1947_to/ndmJAAAAMAAJ The Indian Constitutional System, 1947 to Present Day]''. New Academic Publishing Company, 1973. p. 129</ref> The Socialist Party had taken a decision prohibiting party members that had been defeated in Lok Sabha or Legislative Assembly elections to run for seats in the [[Rajya Sabha]] (upper house of the [[parliament of India]]) or [[Vidhan Parishad|Legislative Councils]] (upper house of some state legislatures).<ref name=regi/> This prohibition stemmed from an internal rule of the erstwhile SSP, which had surged after Raj Narain's previous attempt to run for a seat in the [[1966 Rajya Sabha elections]].<ref name=sso/> Whilst Raj Narain's candidature was supported by some other parties, he failed to get elected.<ref name=kgty>Tyagi, Krishan Gopal. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Party_and_Politics_in_India/vmyKAAAAMAAJ Party and Politics in India: A Study of Samyukta Socialist Party]''. Ajanta Books International, 1994. p. 160</ref>

The question of the Rajya Sabha election provoked a division within the Uttar Pradesh unit of the party.<ref name=kgty/> On April 2, 1972 two meetings were held in Lucknow, one by Raj Narain's supporters and one by his opponents.<ref name=kgty/> Raj Narain called for the expulsion of George Fernandes, N.G. Goray, Madhu Limaye and Madhu Dandavate expelled from the party.<ref name=kgty/><ref name=nin/>

A National Ad Hoc Committee meeting April 15–16, 1972 declared Raj Narain suspended from party membership for six month (albeit the party general was tasked with revoking Raj Narain's suspension if the latter expressed regret in writing and commitment to party in accordance with party discipline).<ref name=sso/><ref name=nin>Innaiah, N.. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/The_Birth_and_Death_of_Political_Parties/-fWJAAAAMAAJ The Birth and Death of Political Parties in India]''. 1982. p. 30</ref><ref name=ncme>Mehrotra, Nanak Chand. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/The_Socialist_Movement_in_India/KOMkAQAAMAAJ The Socialist Movement in India]''. Sangam Books, 1995. pp. 203-204, 206</ref> On April 17, 1972 Raj Narain organized a meeting at his residence.<ref name=sso/><ref name=ncme/> The April 17, 1972 meeting resolved that the Raj Narain group would operate under the name 'Socialist Party (Lohiawadi)' and that Raj Narain's residence would function as the party headquarters.<ref name=sso/><ref name=regi/><ref name=nin/> In Bihar the leader of the Raj Narain group was Bhola Prasad Singh.<ref name=lpfi101/>

On May 18, 1972 Karpoori Thakur announced the formation of a new party at Bihar state level, the 'Socialist Party (Samtawadi-Ektawadi)' which would pursue "basic policies and programmes formulated by Dr. Lohia".<ref name=sso/><ref name=lpfi101/><ref name=snsa/> Karpoori Thakur claimed the support of 16 Members of the Legislative Assembly in Bihar.<ref name=lpfi101/> He stated that he wanted to mediate between the Socialist Party and Raj Narain for the sake of restoring socialist unity.<ref name=sso/> In a separate move, Kishen Patnaik, Om Prakash Deepak and Roma Mitra presented a plan in New Delhi on May 21, 1972 calling for the formation of a new party "to save the Indian socialist movement from disintegration".<ref name=snsa/>

Karpoori Thakur would later retract his ambitions to build a separate party in Bihar.<ref name=lpfi101/> The Socialist Party leadershop would also begin to express regret regarding the suspension of Raj Narain.<ref name=sso/>

A meeting between the Karpoori Thakur group and the Socialist Party was held in Patna on September 12, 1972.<ref name=regi/><ref name=sso/> The Socialist Party was represented by its general secretary Madhu Dandavate at the meeting.<ref name=regi/> In Patna the Madhu Dandavate and the Karpoori Thakur signed an agreement on a formula for party reunification - the disbanding of the parallel party bodies created by Raj Narain, impartial scrutiny of party membership to ensure proper representation at a national party conference and creating a commission to articulate party policy based on the inputs of the membership.<ref name=regi/><ref name=sso/> The agreement stipulated that in case the efforts for reunification with the Raj Narain would fail, Karpoori Thakur and other unaffiliated socialists would return to the Socialist Party.<ref name=sso/>

On October 6–7, 1972 the Raj Narain group held a meeting in Varanasi, at which Karpoori Thakur discussed the terms of the September 12, 1972 unity formula with them.<ref name=sso/> Karpoori Thakur failed to convince Raj Narain to go along with the September 12, 1972 unity formula.<ref name=sso/> Raj Narain insisted on his own conditions for socialist unity.<ref name=lpfi101/> The October 6–7, 1972 meeting adopted a resolution calling for unity of socialists, including socialists from parties like the [[Congress (O)]] and the [[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]].<ref name=sso/>

In reaction to Raj Narain's position, the Socialist Party National Ad Hoc Committee withdrew from the reunification talks.<ref name=lpfi101/> Madhu Dandavate stated that no decision of reunification could be taken as long as Raj Narain did not dissolve his party and cease with his attacks on the Socialist Party.<ref name=lpfi101/>

Contrary to the agreement of September 12, 1972, Karpoori Thakur and his faction did not rejoin the Socialist Party after Raj Narain's rejection of the unity formula.<ref name=sso/> Instead Karpoori Thakur organized a conference of unattached socialists in Patna on December 15–18, 1972.<ref name=sso/><ref name=regi/><ref name=snsa/> The Patna conference called on socialists to unite to oppose the "growing dictatorial tendencies of the Indira government and to provide an effective alternative to it".<ref name=snsa/> But on December 17, 1972 Raj Narain and his followers at the Patna conference prevailed in rejecting a compromise path for reconciliation with the Socialist Party and unification a single party.<ref name=snsa/> The Patna conference marked the merger of the Karpoori Thakur group and the Raj Narain group.<ref name=sso/><ref name=regi/> The party emerging from the merger of the Karpoori Thakur and Raj Narain groups took the name Samyukta Socialist Party.<ref name=nin/><ref name=prbr/>

The 1972 splits significantly weakened the Socialist Party, which had already suffered minor splits in Kerala, Orissa and Gujarat in the immediate wake of the 1971 merger.<ref name=sso/> The Karpoori Thakur-Raj Narain split took with them the bulk of the party unit in Uttar Pradesh, about half of the Bihar party unit and smaller groups in Madhya Pradesh and Haryana.<ref name=sso/><ref name=prbr/> The Karpoori Thakur-Raj Narain group emerged largely from the old SSP membership.<ref name=sso/> In terms of the strength in state legislatures, 50 out of 83 Socialist Party legislators sided with the Karpoori Thakur-Raj Narain group in the split (all 34 legislators in Bihar and 16 legislators in Uttar Pradesh).<ref name=lpfi101>Fickett, Lewis P.. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/The_Major_Socialist_Parties_of_India/kZ9aAAAAIAAJ The Major Socialist Parties of India: A Study in Leftist Fragmentation]''. Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, 1976. pp. 101-102</ref> Remaining in the Socialist Party fold under Madhu Dandavate's leadership were the 4 legislators in Assam, 8 in Kerala, 7 in Madhya Pradesh, 3 in Maharashtra, 3 in Manipur, 3 in Mysore and 1 in Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=lpfi101>Fickett, Lewis P.. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/The_Major_Socialist_Parties_of_India/kZ9aAAAAIAAJ The Major Socialist Parties of India: A Study in Leftist Fragmentation]''. Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, 1976. pp. 101-102</ref>

==1973 Party Conference==
The Socialist Party held its first national conference in Bulandshahr January 5–8, 1973.<ref name=ird19>''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Indian_Recorder_and_Digest/7qQvAAAAMAAJ Indian Recorder and Digest, vol. 19]''. Indian Council of World Affairs., 1973. p. 10</ref><ref name=socaff>''Socialist Party Regroups'', in ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Socialist_Affairs/NAUlAQAAMAAJ Socialist Affairs, Vol. 23]''. Socialist International., 1972. p. 22</ref> More than 2,000 delegates attended the event.<ref name=socaff/> The conference would approve the party constitution.<ref name=ird19/> A new party leadership was elected, with George Fernandes being elected party chairman, Surendra Mohan elected as party general secretary, [[Samar Guha]] as the parliamentary party leader, K.G. Maheshwarappa as the party treasurer and Brij Mohan Toofan and Vinod Prasad Singh as Joint Secretaries.<ref name=regi/><ref name=socaff/> At the conference George Fernandes held a 90-minute presidential address, denouncing the Congress(R), Indira Gandhi and the English-speaking elites in India as the enemies of democracy.<ref name=ird19/> The party conference rejected reconciliation with the Karpoori Thakur-Raj Narain group.<ref name=nin/>

The conference elected a National Committee, consisting of [[George Fernandes]] (chairman), Surendra Mohan, [[Madhu Dandavate]], [[Ramanand Tiwary]], [[Hari Vishnu Kamath|H.V. Kamath]], [[Peter Alvares]], Prem Bhasin, [[Golap Borbora]], [[Samarendra Kundu]], Lakhanlal Kapoor, [[Basawon Singh|Basawon Sinha]], Ugra Sen, Premlata Rai, Chandrabali Singh, [[P. Viswambharan]], Ramachandra Rao, Saraswathy Ammal, [[Yamuna Prasad Shastri]], [[Samar Guha]], Naren Das, [[Nihal Ahmed Maulavi Mohammed Usman|Nihal Ahmed]], [[Kishore Pawar]], Brij Mohan Toofan, Borthakur Sharma, Deven Sarkar, Harbhajan Singh, Beni Prasad Madhav, O.N. Durai Babu, Dhanraj Bargotra, Rusi Contractor and K.G. Maheswarappa.<ref name=regi/>

A Parliamentary Board was elected, chaired by Prem Bhasin and with [[Chandradeo Prasad Verma]] as its secretary. Other members of the Parliamentary Board were [[M. P. Veerendra Kumar|M.P. Veerendra Kumar]], Rajwant Singh, [[Basawon Singh|Basawon Sinha]], [[Ramanand Singh]], [[Abbas Ali (Indian National Army)|Abbas Ali]], [[Ram Sundar Das]], [[K. Chandrasekharan]] and Hariprasad Mazumder.<ref name=regi/> A National Disciplinary Committee was elected, consisting of N.G. Goray, Basant Chandra Ghose and Harbans Sahai.<ref name=regi/>

==1973 Banka by-elections and 1974-1975 assembly elections==
In April 1973 Madhu Limaye won a seat in the Lok Sabha, in a by-election in [[Banka Lok Sabha constituency|Banka]].<ref>Ojha, P. N.. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/History_of_the_Indian_National_Congress/dPgdAAAAMAAJ History of the Indian National Congress in Bihar, 1885-1985]''. Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute, 1985. p. 791</ref> Raj Narain was one of the opponents running against Limaye in the by-election.<ref>Ghose, Sudhansu Kumar. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/The_Crusade_and_End_of_Indira_Raj/emceAAAAMAAJ The Crusade and End of Indira Raj]''. Intellectual Book Corner, 1978. p. 241</ref>

The Socialist Party contested three state legislative assembly elections held in February 1974, in Manipur, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="eci-archive-report-mn74"/><ref name="eci-archive-report-or74"/><ref name="eci-archive-report-up74"/>
{| class=wikitable
!Election
!Candidates
!Seats won
!Votes
!% of state-wide vote
!MLAs elected
|-
|[[1974 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]
|18
|2
|35,349
|5.93%
|Kongbrailakpam Borthakur Sharma ([[Khurai, Manipur Assembly constituency|Khurai]]), Hawaibam Shyama Singh ([[Thongju Assembly constituency|Thongju]])
|-
|[[1974 Orissa Legislative Assembly election]]
|17
|2
|101,789
|1.77%
|{{ill|Gadadhar Giri|or|ଗଦାଧର ଗିରି}} ([[Jaleswar, Odisha Assembly constituency|Jaleswar]]), [[Bhagabat Behera]] ([[Nayagarh Assembly constituency|Nayagarh]])
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]
|226
|5
|795,770
|2.90%
|Yamuna Prasad Bose ([[Banda, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Banda]]), Ram Pal Singh Yadav ([[Derapur Assembly constituency|Derapur]]), [[Shivnath Singh Kushwaha]] ([[Ghatampur Assembly constituency|Ghatampur]]), [[Hari Kewal Prasad]] ([[Salempur Assembly constituency|Salempur]], Janardan Prasad Ojha ([[Shyam Deurwa Assembly constituency|Shyam Deurwa]])
|}
<ref name="eci-archive-report-mn74">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/StatisticalReport%201974%20Manipur.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1974 to the Legislative Assembly of Manipur}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-or74">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Orissa%201974.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1974 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa}}</ref><ref name="eci-archive-report-up74">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1974 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh}}</ref>

==Emergency==
The Socialist Party was active in the [[Bihar Movement|JP movement in Bihar]].<ref>Bhambhri, Chandra Prakash. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/The_Janata_Party/TntaAAAAIAAJ The Janata Party: A Profile]''. National, 1980. p. 11</ref> George Fernandes endorsed [[Jayaprakash Narayan]]'s demand for the resignation of the [[Abdul Ghafoor (politician, born 1918)|Abdul Ghafoor]] government in Bihar.<ref name=lti/> Moreover Fernandes demanded the dissolution of the [[parliament of India]] and the creation of a Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution for the country.<ref name=lti/> Fernandes, who was also the president of the [[All India Railwaymen's Federation]], was arrested in Lucknow on May 1, 1974.<ref name=rrra>{{cite news|newspaper=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/revisiting-the-racomment-revisiting-the-railway-strike-of-1974-ilway-strike-of-1974/article68196610.ece|date=May 21, 2024|title=Revisiting the Railway strike of 1974|author=Robert Rahman Raman}}</ref> Fernandes' arrest sparked the [[1974 railway strike in India|1974 railway strike]].<ref name=rrra/>

The Socialist Party developed its own form of ''[[satyagrah]]'', the 'Jan-Jagruti Yatra', whereby senior leaders travelled from town to town holding meetings.<ref name=cja2/> The experience of the JP movement in Bihar brought the Socialist Party closer to other opposition parties. In 1974 a [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] by-election in [[Bhopal]] brought the Socialist Party, the [[Jan Sangh]] and the Congress (O) together behind a common candidate - [[Babulal Gaur]] who contested under the label 'Janata' ('People').<ref name=cja/> Gaur won the election, obtaining some 13,000 votes more than the Congress (R) candidate.<ref name=cja/> Shortly thereafter the Socialist Party, Jan Sangh, Congress (O) and the [[Bharatiya Lok Dal]] fielded a common candidate in the [[Jabalpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jabalpur Lok Sabha seat]] by-election - the socialist [[Sharad Yadav]] won the election by a wide margin.<ref name=cja/>

At the Second National Conference of the Socialist Party, held in [[Kozhikode]] December 28–29, 1974 George Fernandes call for mobilization popular movements to oust the Congress government.<ref name=lti>Tiwari, Lalan. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Democracy_and_Dissent/td6zIMI_pwAC Democracy and Dissent: A Case Study of the Bihar Movement, 1974-75]''. Mittal Publications, 1987. pp. 28, 112-113, 201</ref><ref name=rndw/> In his speech Fernandes emphasised the need of reform of electoral legislation.<ref name=lti/> The resolution adopted by the conference stated that "We socialists must pledge our support to strengthen J.P.'s movement and make it a vehicle for much delayed social and economic transformation of society. [...] We are now convinced that if we can spread the Bihar and Gujarat model of agitation to all parts of the country a radical and viable alternative will emerge out of the struggle."<ref name=rndw>Dwivedi, Ramesh Nandan. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Glimpses_of_the_J_P_Movement/RLAoAAAAYAAJ Glimpses of the J.P. Movement]''. Vijay Prakashan Mandir, 1988. pp. 76, 199</ref> The Kozhikode conference called for "[t]he removal of the Congress Government from the centre, the breaking up the stranglehold of money-power over the electoral process, and a purge of the administrative machinery alone can restore the disturbed balance within the Executive branch, and between it and the Legislature and the Judiciary. Since the capacity of the parliamentary system to achieve reform and renewal from within is getting severely limited, extra-constitutional action and popular initiative become absolutely necessary. This is not subversion but replenishment of the springs of democracy".<ref name=pso>Sood, P.. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Towards_New_Horizons/2H0dAAAAMAAJ Towards New Horizons: India After Emergency]''. Qaumi Ekta Trust, 1976. p. 47</ref>

On April 7, 1975 [[Morarji Desai]] of Congress (O) undertook a hunger strike to demand the holding of elections in Gujarat.<ref name=cja/> A few days later, on April 13, 1975 Indira Gandhi decided to hold elections there on June 13, 1975.<ref name=cja/> Soon after the announcement of the elections, a coalition named the Janata Front was formed between the Socialist Party, Jan Sangh, Congress (O) and BLD.<ref name=cja/> The Socialist Party fielded three candidates in the election, out of whom two were elected - Acharya Rasikchandra Devshanker ([[Una, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Una]]) and G.G. Paradkar ([[Sayajigunj Assembly constituency|Sayajigunj]]).<ref name="eci-archive-report-gj75">{{cite web|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318023135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1975/Statistical%20Report%20Gujarat%201975.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1975 to the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat}}</ref>

Many Socialist Party workers were jailed during the Emergency. For example, [[Christophe Jaffrelot]] recorded that 207 Socialist Party workers from Maharashtra were jailed, as were 33 from Assam, 8 from Karnataka and 6 from Punjab (with statistics unavailable for other states).<ref name=cja/> Samar Guha and Madhu Dandavate were jailed at Rohtak Jail, whilst Surendra Mohan was jailed at [[Tihar Jail]].<ref name=cja/> Socialist leaders Raghu Thakur and Sharad Yadav were jailed in Indore Jail.<ref name=cja/> The Socialist Party newspaper ''Janata'' published appeals for contributions to the Political Prisons Family Relief Fund, based in Poona.<ref name=cja2>Jaffrelot, Christophe, and Anil, Pratinav. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/India_s_First_Dictatorship/lHEhEAAAQBAJ India's First Dictatorship: The Emergency, 1975 -1977]''. Oxford University Press, 2021. p. 381</ref>

==Merger into Janata Party==
Among jailed politicians the idea of a unification of opposition parties gradually gathered momentum. In 1976 BLD leader [[Charan Singh]], in Tihar Jail, relaunched the proposition of amalgamating opposition parties into a single political party.<ref name=cja/> Charan Singh managed to get support from other inmates for the idea. In February 1976 Surendra Mohan proposed, during discussions in Tihar Jail, that the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), the Congress Seva Dal of Congress (O) and the Rashtriya Seva Dal be merged into a single volunteer organization.<ref name=cja/> When Jayaprakash Narayan was released from jail due to health issues, he gathered the interim presidents of the four parties (Socialist Party, Jan Sangh, Congress (O) and BLD) for talks.<ref name=cja/> Charan Singh was released from jail in March 1976, after which he continued to advocate for a party merger.<ref name=cja/> Charan Singh's proposition led to the articulation of a May 1976 formula for dissolving existing parties to pave way for a new united opposition party.<ref name=cja/>

On January 22, 1977 the National Committee of the Socialist Party endorsed the merger into the Janata Party ahead of the 1977 Lok Sabha election.<ref>''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/The_Election_Archives/vr8sAAAAIAAJ The Election Archives]'', issues 37-40. Shiv Lal. p. 232</ref> The Janata Party was founded the next day, at Babulal Gaur's residence in Bhopal - through the merger of the Socialist Party, Congress (O), Jan Sangh and BLD.<ref name=cja/> Each party was represented in the ad hoc committee of the Janata Party.<ref name=cja>Jaffrelot, Christophe. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/The_Hindu_Nationalist_Movement_and_India/iVsfVOTUnYEC The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics: 1925 to the 1990s : Strategies of Identity-building, Implantation and Mobilisation (with Special Reference to Central India)]''. Penguin Books India, 1999. pp. 271-272, 276-279, 282, 298</ref> The Janata Party won a landslide victory in the 1977 election. Janata Party candidates coming from the Socialist Party won 51 seats in the Lok Sabha.<ref name=liru>Rudolph, Lloyd I., and Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/In_Pursuit_of_Lakshmi/amtV90ig9-8C In Pursuit of Lakshmi: The Political Economy of the Indian State]''. University of Chicago Press, 1987. p. 167</ref> Fernandes was named Minister of Industries in the new national government.<ref name=liru/>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1971 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1977 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in India]]
[[Category:Janata Party]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1971]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1977]]
[[Category:Political parties in India]]
[[Category:Socialist parties in India]]

Jai Bhagwan (politician)

2026-04-04T11:25:04Z

PiperByrum18: Adding a data initial version

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1982)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jai Bhagwan
| alt =
| caption =
| constituency = [[Bawana (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Bawana]]
| office = Member of the [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 16 February 2020
| term_end = 2025
| predecessor = [[Ram Chander (politician)|Ram Chander]]
| successor = [[Ravinder Indraj Singh]]
| constituency2 =
| office2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| constituency3 =
| office3 =
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| constituency4 =
| office4 =
| predecessor4 =
| successor4 =
| constituency5 =
| office5 =
| predecessor5 =
| successor5 =
| constituency6 =
| office6 =
| predecessor6 =
| successor6 =
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1982}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| citizenship =
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| partner =
| relations =
| children =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession = Politician
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank1 =
| data1 =
}}
'''Jai Bhagwan Upkar''' (born 1982) is an Indian politician affiliated with the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] and a member of the [[7th Delhi Assembly]]. He had served as a member of the [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] from 2020 till 2025, in the [[Bawana Assembly constituency|Bawana constituency]] of Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myneta.info/delhi2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=8827|title=Jai Bhagwan(AAP):Constituency- BAWANA(NORTH-WEST)|website=myneta.info|access-date=23 January 2024}}</ref>

==Political career==
In the [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020 Delhi election]], Bhagwan was elected to Delhi Legislative Assembly from Bawana constituency in the [[7th Delhi Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/bawana-election-result-2020-live-updates-delhi-assembly-vidhan-sabha-polls-party-constituency-candidate-name-wise-winner-loser-leading-trailing-latest-news-bjp-congress-aap-7946881.html|title=Bawana Election Result 2020 LIVE Updates-Delhi Assembly Elections; Constituency, Party, Candidate Name Wise Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing|publisher=Firstpost|date=11 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520021656/https://www.firstpost.com/politics/bawana-election-result-2020-live-updates-delhi-assembly-vidhan-sabha-polls-party-constituency-candidate-name-wise-winner-loser-leading-trailing-latest-news-bjp-congress-aap-7946881.html|archive-date=20 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/news/india/bawana-delhi-live-election-result-2020-check-bawana-vidhan-sabha-chunav-result-2020-jai-bhagwan-upkar-vs-ravindra-kumar-indral-vs-surender-kumar-1300090|title=Bawana Election Final Results: बवाना विधानसभा सीट पर आप के जय भगवान चुनावी मुकाबले में बीजेपी के रविंद्र कुमार से जीते|publisher=[[ABP News]]|date=12 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123192135/https://www.abplive.com/news/india/bawana-delhi-live-election-result-2020-check-bawana-vidhan-sabha-chunav-result-2020-jai-bhagwan-upkar-vs-ravindra-kumar-indral-vs-surender-kumar-1300090|archive-date=23 January 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly elections]]:Bawana}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Ravinder Indraj Singh]]|votes=119,515|percentage=51.99|change={{Increase}}9.44}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=Jai Bhagwan|votes=88,040|percentage=38.30|change={{decrease}}10.08}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Surender Kumar|votes=18,713|percentage=8.14|change={{Increase}}1.67}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=NOTA|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,346|percentage=0.59|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=31,475|percentage=13.69|change={{Increase}}7.86}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=2,28,510|percentage=59.7|change={{decrease}}2.27}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner= Bharatiya Janata Party|loser= Aam Aadmi Party|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2020"/>
{{transcluded section|source=Bawana Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Bawana Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2020}}

==See also==
* [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
* [[Bawana Assembly constituency|Bawana]]
* [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Politics of India]]
* [[7th Delhi Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhagwan, Jai}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2020–2025]]

Agastya International Foundation

2026-03-31T02:17:28Z

PiperByrum18: Put up post

{{Short description|Indian educational organisation}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox company
| name = '''Agastya International Foundation'''
| area_served = India
| key_people = [[Ramji Raghavan]] (Chairman) Mahavir Kumar (Managing Trustee) [[Rakesh Jhunjhunwala]] Alok Oberoi Dr. [[V. K. Aatre]] H. N. Srihari Adhirath Sethi Vidya Shah Utpal Seth
| industry = [[Education]]
| num_employees = 1500+
| homepage = [http://www.agastya.org/ www.agastya.org]
| foundation = 1999
| location_city = [[Bangalore]]
| location_country = [[India]]
}}

'''Agastya International Foundation '''(Agastya)<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/devanik-saha/agastya-foundation_b_1868723.html | title=Fostering Innovation and Creativity in Rural India: Agastya Foundation | date=12 September 2012 | first=Devanik | last=Saha | work=Huffington Post | access-date=24 August 2018 }}</ref> is an Indian education trust and non-profit organization based in [[Bangalore]], [[India]] whose mission is "to spark curiosity, nurture creativity and instil confidence" among economically disadvantaged children and teachers in India.<ref>[http://forbesindia.com/article/web-special/the-art-of-giving/27402/1 Agastya in Forbes]</ref> A team of scientists, educators, and entrepreneurs led by [[Ramji Raghavan]] founded Agastya in 1999.<ref name="Agastya Reference1">{{cite news |last1=Pulakkat |first1=Hari |title=How Agastya International Foundation is creating tomorrow's leaders in rural India |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/how-agastya-international-foundation-is-creating-tomorrows-leaders-in-rural-india/articleshow/50513945.cms?from=mdr |access-date=3 March 2021 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=10 January 2016}}</ref> Agastya's founders include the late K.V. Raghavan, former chairman of Engineers India Limited and Dr. P.K. Iyengar, former chairman of the Indian Atomic Energy Commission. Agastya runs hands-on science and art education programs in rural, semi-urban, and urban regions across 19 Indian states. It is one of the world's largest mobile and hands-on science education programs catering to economically disadvantaged children and public-school teachers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.educationworldonline.net/index.php/page-article-choice-more-id-3091 |title=Education World Article |access-date=27 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527112420/http://www.educationworldonline.net/index.php/page-article-choice-more-id-3091 |archive-date=27 May 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Programs ==

=== Campus Creativity Lab ===

Agastya has a "Campus Creativity Lab" located on a 172-acre campus in [[Kuppam]], Andhra Pradesh.<ref name="Agastya Reference1" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://thewip.net/contributors/2013/07/agastya_science_center_educati.html |title=Agastya Science Center: Education and Hope from a Fountain of Knowledge |access-date=12 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921011745/http://thewip.net/contributors/2013/07/agastya_science_center_educati.html |archive-date=21 September 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It houses science and art centers, including among other labs an astronomy center, a planetarium, a center for creative teaching, an innovation hub, a science model-making center, and the [[Ramanujan Math Park]], an open-air ecology lab. The school has 800 teachers and 280 night school volunteers.<ref name="Agastya Reference1" /> The campus welcomes over 650 children every day from 8 to 10 schools,<ref name="Agastya Reference1" /> additionally, teachers from seven Indian states are trained here.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Agastya Foundation' - A Knowledge Hub For Village Students: ETV Report|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBcwaA8EyLU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/SBcwaA8EyLU |archive-date=2021-12-15 |url-status=live|access-date=2017-12-19|website=YouTube|language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

The school has cumulatively reached over eight million with around 1.5 million children every year apart from 2.5 million teachers.<ref name="Agastya Reference1" /> In 2016, the school had a ₹300 million ($4.1 million) annual budget, 850 employees, 138 mobile lab-vans, 50 labs on bikes, and 60 science centers spread around the 172-acre main campus in Kuppam.<ref name="Agastya Reference1" />

=== Other educational programs ===

Agastya's programs across India are also delivered by over 190 Mobile Lab and iMobile Lab Vans, 90 Lab-on-Bikes and TechLaBikes, 100 Science Centers, and nearly 700 night village school centers. It has trained over 30,000 Young Instructor Leaders (peer-to-peer teachers). Through its Young Instructor Leader (YIL) program begun in 2007, the foundation promotes and nurtures children of exceptional ability to learn.<ref name="Agastya Reference1" /> The program became a game-changer for many students, for example by teaching children to boost their organizational prowess and develop their decision-making skills. It also has encouraged many students to overcome stage fright.<ref name="Agastya Reference1" />

The foundation operates mobile labs that cover village schools in and around the district, thereby enabling children to perform experiments by themselves.<ref name="Agastya Reference1" /> As of January 2020, Agastya has directly reached over 12 million children (50% girls) and 250,000 teachers from vulnerable and economically disadvantaged communities. As a charitable trust, Agastya is funded by Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) engagement and donations, governmental funding, and individual donations. In 2010, Agastya signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Karnataka state government to establish core science activity centers in five districts in north Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.agastya.org/who/who-helps-us/who-are-our-partners|title=Agastya International Foundation {{!}} Who Are Our Partners|website=www.agastya.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-19}}</ref> The foundation conducted a science fair in Bihar in 2012 which reached out to 24,000 students and 1,100 teachers through a bequest of the Late Mr. [[Abdul Kalam]] (Ex-President of India) to sponsor a program in [[Bihar]].<ref name="Agastya Reference1" />

One of the organization's central aims is to develop student curiosity in the world around them and to launch them on a path of lifetime discovery and understanding.<ref name="Agastya Reference1" />

==Activities==
As a result of the COVID-19 outbreak (2020) Agastya has provided online training for public school teachers in over 15 states, and has helped students set up science labs at home.<ref>{{cite news |title=Agastya helps govt school students set up science labs at home |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/1-million-govt-schoolchildren-learn-to-do-science-experiments-at-home-11594043365845.html |work=Livemint |date=6 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards and recognitions==

Agastya won the Google Global Impact Award in 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://impactchallenge.withgoogle.com/india2013/charities/agastya|title='Google.org Impact Challenge India 2013|website=withgoogle|language=en}}</ref> and was ranked among the top 100 global innovators by The Rockefeller Foundation Next Century Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.opportunitiesforafricans.com/the-rockefeller-foundation-next-century-innovators-awards-usd100000-prize/|title='THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION NEXT CENTURY INNOVATORS AWARDS|website=opportunitiesforafricans|language=en}}</ref> In 2016, Agastya's founder Ramji Raghavan received the Deshpande Foundation's Sandbox Catalyst Award from Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus and the Innovation for India Award from the Marico Innovation Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chinadailyhk.com/articles/20/214/244/1525749307767.html|title='Aha moments|website=chinadailyhk|language=en}}</ref>

In 2019 Agastya received an Andhra Pradesh State Green Award for its work to regenerate the ecosystem of its 172-acre campus, which is documented in the book, 'The Roots of Creativity'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/agastyasparks/docs/final_ecology_book|title='The Roots of Creativity- Ecology at Agastya by Agastya International Foundation - Issuu|website=issuu|language=en}}</ref> In 2020, Agastya was featured in the book, 'Seven Sutras of Innovation' by Nikhil Inamdar, as one of eight organizations in India that as "start-ups to scale-ups are transforming India". As the organization's efforts have gained recognition around the world, it has been approached by well-known educational organizations for experiments in educational innovation.<ref name="Agastya Reference1" /> The project-based learning program, for example, was started by Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering in Massachusetts with Agastya.<ref name="Agastya Reference1" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.agastya.org/ Official website]

{{Indian non-profit}}

[[Category:Foundations based in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1999]]
[[Category:Educational organisations based in India]]
[[Category:1999 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Charities based in India]]

Agnimitra Paul

2026-03-28T03:12:05Z

PiperByrum18: expand lead per sources and cleaned formatting after review

{{Short description|Indian fashion designer and politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Agnimitra Paul
| image = Agnimitra (Paul) sitting in her chamber at the studio - photographed by Sou Boyy (Sourendra Kumar das).JPG
| image_size = 250px
| alt =
| caption = Paul in 2013
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2 May 2021
| constituency = [[Asansol Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Asansol Dakshin]]
| predecessor = [[Tapas Banerjee]]
| office1 = Vice President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal|BJP West Bengal]]
| term_start1 = 7 January 2026
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 = General Secretary of [[Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal|BJP West Bengal]]
| term_start2 = 22 December 2021
| term_end2 = 7 January 2026
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| office3 = President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party – West Bengal|BJP Mahila Morcha, West Bengal]]
| term_start3 = 1 June 2020
| term_end3 = 22 December 2021
| predecessor3 = [[Locket Chatterjee]]
| successor3 = [[Tanuja Chakraborty]]
| father = Dr. Ashok Roy
| birth_name = Agnimitra Roy
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1974|11|25}}
| birth_place = [[Asansol]], [[Bardhaman district]] (now in [[Paschim Bardhaman district|Paschim Bardhaman]]), [[West Bengal]], India
| residence =
| website =
| spouse = Partho Paul
| children = 2 sons
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2019–present)
| occupation = {{hlist|Fashion designer|Politician}}
| alma_mater = * [[Triveni Devi Bhalotia College|TDB College]] (MBA)
* [[Birla Institute of Liberal Arts and Management Sciences]] (Fashion tech)
| date =
| year =
| signature =
| bodyclass =
}}

'''Agnimitra Paul''' (née '''Roy'''; born 25 November 1974) is an Indian [[fashion designer]] and politician who serves as the Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Asansol Dakshin Assembly constituency|Asansol Dakshin]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/asansol-dakshin-election-result-2021-live-updates-asansol-dakshin-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3696311.html|website= News18|title= Asansol Dakshin Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Agnimitra Paul Of BJP Wins}}</ref> She had served as the President of the West Bengal unit of BJP Mahila Morcha,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/asansol-dakshin-election-result-2021-live-how-to-check-asansol-dakshin-assembly-vidhan-sabha-election-winners-losers-vote-margin-news-updates-9131131.htm|title= Asansol Dakshin Election Result 2021 LIVE: BJP's Agnimitra Paul wins by 1,800 votes |website= cnbctv18 }}</ref> and as the [[General Secretary]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal]]. She also serves as the vice-president of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal]]. Prior to entering politics she was a [[Kolkata]]-based [[fashion designer]].

==Personal life ==
Paul was born into a family of doctors and academics. Her father Dr. Ashok Roy is a [[paediatrician]] in Asansol. She completed her schooling from [[Loreto Convent, Asansol|Loreto Convent]] and [[Asansol Girls' College]]. She completed her bachelor's degree in botany (Honours) in [[Banwarilal Bhalotia College]].

She is married to Partho Paul, an entrepreneur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/following-her-heart/cid/1541136|title=Following her heart|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> They have two children.

==Career in fashion==
Paul as a fashion designer, designed clothes for several Bollywood films such as ''[[Koi Mere Dil Se Pooche]]'' and ''[[Via Darjeeling]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/fashion-designer-agnimitra-paul-joins-bjp-in-bengal-119032300552_1.html|title=Fashion designer Agnimitra Paul joins BJP in Bengal|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=23 March 2019|via=Business Standard}}</ref>

She has designed costumes and personal wardrobes for [[Mithun Chakraborthy]], [[Sridevi]], [[Esha Deol]], [[Shonal Rawat]], [[Kay Kay Menon]], [[Sonali Kulkarni]], [[Vinay Pathak]] and [[Parvin Dabas]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sridevi-gave-me-my-bollywood-break-in-2000-agnimitra-paul-118022601092_1.html|title=Sridevi gave me my Bollywood break in 2000: Agnimitra Paul|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=26 February 2018|via=Business Standard|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://strandofsilk.com/designer/agnimitra-paul|title=About Indian Designer Agnimitra Paul | Search Indian and Asian Fashion Designer Online|website=strandofsilk.com|access-date=3 May 2021|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625131854/https://strandofsilk.com/designer/agnimitra-paul|url-status=dead}}</ref>

She started her own fashion label "Inga" across many cities in India. Paul also designed for the [[Lakme Fashion Week]] Summer/Resort 2013.

Former US Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]] was presented with shawls and blankets that Paul designed.<ref name="auto"/>

==Political career==

Paul joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] on 23 March 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/fashion-designer-agnimitra-paul-joins-bjp-in-bengal-119032300552_1.html |title=Fashion designer Agnimitra Paul joins BJP in Bengal |website=Business Standard |date=23 March 2019 }}</ref>

In 2020, Paul became the [[BJP Mahila Morcha]] president of [[West Bengal]] succeeding [[Locket Chatterjee]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/politics/roopa-locket-agnimitra-how-bjp-mahila-morcha-got-a-glamorous-turn-in-bengal/447455/|title=Roopa, Locket, Agnimitra — how BJP mahila morcha got a 'glamorous turn' in Bengal|first=Madhuparna|last=Das|date=24 June 2020}}</ref> As the BJP Mahila Morcha president, she organised self-defence training workshop called "Uma" for women across 23 districts in the state.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bjp-mohila-morcha-to-give-self-defence-training-to-bengal-women/article32615856.ece|title=BJP Mohila Morcha to give self-defence training to Bengal women|newspaper=The Hindu|date=16 September 2020|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> On 22 December 2021, she was appointed the General Secretary of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal]] and was succeeded by Tanuja Chakraborty as the President of the BJP Mahila Morcha.<ref>{{cite news |title=Day after civic poll debacle, Bengal BJP axes old guards in new committee |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/Dec/22/day-after-civic-poll-debacle-bengal-bjp-axes-old-guards-in-new-committee-2398585.html |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=23 December 2021 }}</ref>

She defeated TMC's [[Saayoni Ghosh]] in the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] from Asansol Dakshin Vidhan Sabha.<ref>{{cite web |title=AGNIMITRA PAUL |url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=1865 |website=Myneta |access-date= 2021-05-03 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/tmcs-saayoni-bjps-agnimitra-battle-it-out-in-asansol-south/articleshow/82265270.cms|title=TMC's Saayoni, BJP's Agnimitra battle it out in Asansol South | Kolkata News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=27 April 2021 }}</ref>

Paul contested in the [[2022 elections in India|2022 Lok Sabha by-elections]] from the [[Asansol Lok Sabha constituency|Asansol constituency]] but lost to actor-politician [[Shatrughan Sinha]].<ref>{{cite web |title=AGNIMITRA PAUL |url=https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=14331 |website=Myneta |access-date=2 November 2025 }}</ref> Later she contested in the [[2024 Indian general election in West Bengal]] from [[Medinipur Lok Sabha constituency|Medinipur constituency]] but lost to actor-politician [[June Malia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=AGNIMITRA PAUL |url=https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=7954 |website=Myneta |access-date=2 November 2025 }}</ref>

On 7 January 2026, she was appointed the vice-president of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite news |title=BJP West Bengal announces new state office bearers, Samik Bhattacharya appointed president |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/bjp-west-bengal-announces-new-state-office-bearers-samik-bhattacharya-appointed-president20260107124537/ |publisher=ANI |date=7 January 2026 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.wbassembly.gov.in/MLA_WhosWho.aspx Agnimitra Paul – WB Assembly profile]
*[https://prsindia.org/mlatrack/agnimitra-paul Agnimitra Paul – PRS profile]
{{Subject bar
|commons =
|d =
|q =
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 = Politics
|portal3 = Fashion
|portal4 = India
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paul, Agnimitra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Indian women fashion designers]]
[[Category:Indian fashion designers]]
[[Category:Indian costume designers]]
[[Category:Politicians from Asansol]]
[[Category:Jadavpur University alumni]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Women members of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Women in West Bengal politics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]

Yo Yo Honey Singh

2026-03-26T04:00:30Z

PiperByrum18:

{{Short description|Indian musician (born 1983)}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{BLP sources|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Yo Yo Honey Singh
| image = Yo Yo Honey Singh (2014) 04.jpg
| caption = Singh in 2014
| birth_name = Hirdesh Singh
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1983|03|15}}
| birth_place = [[West Delhi|Karampura]], Delhi, India
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| education =
| origin = [[Punjab, India]]
| genre = {{flatlist|
* pop<ref name="IndiaToday">{{cite news|title=Delhi-based singer Yo Yo Honey Singh forays into Bollywood|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/delhi-based-singer-yo-yo-honey-singh-forays-into-bollywood-108415-2012-07-07|website=[[India Today]]|access-date=6 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714153236/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/delhi-based-singer-yo-yo-honey-singh-forays-into-bollywood/1/204302.html|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Electronic dance music|EDM]]<ref name="IndiaToday" />
* [[Bhangra (music)|bhangra]]<ref name="IndiaToday" />
*[[pop rap]]
* [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]<ref name="IndiaToday" />
}}
| occupation = {{hlist||singer|record producer|actor}}
| years_active = 2003–present
| label = * [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
* [[Zee Music Company]]
* Speed Records
}}

'''Hirdesh Singh''' (born 15 March 1983), known professionally as '''Yo Yo Honey Singh''', is an Indian singer, [[record producer|music producer]] and actor. He commenced his career as a [[hip-hop]] [[record producer|music producer]] in 2003, working as a session and recording artist within the underground music scene until the release of his debut studio album, [[International Villager|''International Villager'']].

== Early life ==
Honey Singh was born in Delhi, India, on 15 March 1983 to a [[Sikhs|Sikh family]] from [[Hoshiarpur]], Punjab. He studied at the Guru Nanak Public School in New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2025 |title=Musician Profiles – Honey Singh |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/entertainment-spotlight/profiles/honey-singh |access-date=31 January 2025 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
===Music===

During the early 2010s, Singh became popular in the Indian music industry, performing at numerous college festivals such as [[Ansal Institute of Technology]] and [[Ramjas College]] in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 January 2014 |title=Honey Singh performs at Ramjas College fest in Delhi University |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/music-events/honey-singh-performs-at-ramjas-college-fest-in-delhi-university/articleshow/11848820.cms |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> His collaborations with prominent artists, like [[Diljit Dosanjh]], further cemented his position. Their song "Lak 28 Kudi Da" reached number one on the BBC Asian Download Charts in May 2011, serving as a promotional track for Dosanjh's film [[The Lion of Punjab (film)|''Lion of Punjab'']].

By 2012, Singh set a record for the highest fee ever paid to an artist for a Bollywood song, reportedly receiving [[Indian rupee sign|₹]]7 million rupees (US$84,000) for tracks in the movies [[Cocktail (2012 film)|''Cocktail'']] and ''[[Mastan]]''. He sang his first Hindi song in ''Mastan''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honey Singh set to conquer Bollywood |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/honey-singh-set-to-conquer-bollywood-604827 |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

His popularity surged on YouTube with two of his videos— "Brown Rang" and "High Heels" (a collaboration with [[Jaz Dhami]])—ranking among the top trending videos that year.
Following the success of "Brown Rang", Singh released "Angreji Beat" in collaboration with [[Gippy Grewal]]. This track further solidified his presence in the music industry, becoming a party anthem across India. In 2013, Singh released another song, "Blue Eyes". The song, known for its sleek production and catchy hook, became an instant hit, showcasing his versatility in blending Hindi and English lyrics with an international sound.
In 2014, Singh released his second album, ''[[Desi Kalakaar]]'', with the eponymous title track and "Love Dose".<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2014 |title=Honey Singh's Desi Kalakaar launched on Hungama.com |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/honey-singhs-desi-kalakaar-launched-on-hungama-com/ |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

The title track featured Bollywood actress [[Sonakshi Sinha]] in its accompanying music video. He released the song "Birthday Bash" in February 2015.

In 2024, Singh launched his album ''Glory'', featuring 18 tracks, including "Millionaire", "Rap God", and "Jatt Mehkma". This album marked a significant milestone in his career and received widespread acclaim, with multiple songs trending on music streaming platforms.<ref name="Saama2024">{{cite web |title=Honey Singh to collaborate with Pakistani folk singers Wahab Bugti and Sahib |url=https://www.samaa.tv/2087319322-honey-singh-to-collaborate-with-pakistani-folk-singers-wahab-bugti-and-sahib |website=Saama |access-date=14 November 2024 |date=16 August 2024}}</ref>

In December 2024, a documentary titled ''Yo Yo Honey Singh: Famous'' was released on Netflix. The documentary received mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2024 |title=Netflix's Yo Yo Honey Singh Famous: Rapper's documentary leaves internet divided |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/netflix-yo-yo-honey-singh-famous-x-review-rapper-documentary-leaves-internet-divided-stmp-2652988-2024-12-20 |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=21 December 2024 |title=Yo Yo Honey Singh Famous review: Lacking the rapper's edge, this documentary has nothing much to offer |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/yo-yo-honey-singh-famous-review-lacking-the-rappers-edge-this-documentary-has-nothing-much-to-offer-101734755208710.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221045836/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/yo-yo-honey-singh-famous-review-lacking-the-rappers-edge-this-documentary-has-nothing-much-to-offer-101734755208710.html |archive-date=21 December 2024 |access-date=30 January 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2024 |title=Netflix's 'Yo Yo Honey Singh: Famous' Movie Review: From glitter to dark hole and a comeback; nothing is permanent |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/netflixs-yo-yo-honey-singh-famous-movie-review-from-glitter-to-dark-hole-back-13846109.html |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2024 |title=Yo Yo Honey Singh – Famous movie review: Honey Singh spits venom, bares his soul in faintly damning Netflix documentary |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/yo-yo-honey-singh-famous-movie-review-superficial-netflix-documentary-9733885/ |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In 2025, Honey Singh announced his Millionaire India Tour in association with [[Aaj Tak]], where he visited 10 cities across India, namely, Mumbai, Lucknow, Delhi, Indore, Pune, Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Chandigarh, Jaipur, and Kolkata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yo Yo Honey Singh's Millionaire Tour Begins This Month: Check Dates And Ticket Details |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/yo-yo-honey-singhs-millionaire-tour-begins-this-month-check-dates-and-ticket-details-aa-9227796.html |access-date=14 February 2025 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2026, Honey Singh announced his MY STORY INDIA TOUR in association with NDTV , where he scheduled visit for 10 cities .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yo Yo Honey Singh Shows, Tickets and More. Follow Now! |url=https://www.district.in/events/yo-yo-honey-singh/artist |access-date=2026-03-19 |website=www.district.in |language=en}}</ref>

=== Bollywood ===
His debut song in [[Bollywood]] films was "[[Shakal Pe Mat Ja]]", featuring Gagan Sidhu. Singh charged Rs. 7 million for a song in the film ''Mastan''. This was the largest amount paid to a singer in Bollywood then, making Singh one of the highest-paid musical artists in Bollywood.<ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Chandigarh/Honey-Singh-paid-highest-fee-for-song/SP-Article1-849513.aspx Honey Singh paid the highest fee for song] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903235403/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Chandigarh/Honey-Singh-paid-highest-fee-for-song/SP-Article1-849513.aspx |date=3 September 2013 }}. ''Hindustan Times'' (2 May 2012). Retrieved 4 May 2012.</ref><ref>[http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/ENT-yo-yo-honey-singh-becomes-the-costliest-bollywood-singer-3203076.html Yo-Yo Honey Singh becomes the costliest Bollywood singer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817050132/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/ENT-yo-yo-honey-singh-becomes-the-costliest-bollywood-singer-3203076.html |date=17 August 2013 }}. ''Daily Bhaskar'' (2 May 2012). Retrieved 4 May 2012.</ref>

In February 2015 he released the songs "Birthday Bash" with [[Alfaaz]], followed by songs in films including ''[[Gabbar Is Back]]'' and ''Bhaag Johnny''.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}

[[Mumbai Saga]]'s first song "Shor Machega", was released on 28 February 2021. It was composed by Singhsta, with lyrics and vocals by Singhsta and Hommie Dilliwala.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|date=25 February 2021|title=Mumbai Saga's first song 'Shor Machega' composed by Yo Yo Honey Singh to release on February 28: Bollywood News – Bollywood Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/mumbai-sagas-first-song-shor-machega-composed-yo-yo-honey-singh-release-february-28/|access-date=25 February 2021|language=en}}</ref>

=== Acting ===

Singh made his acting debut with a cameo appearance in [[Baljit Singh Deo]]'s [[Cinema of Punjab|Punjabi]] film ''[[Mirza - The Untold Story]]'' (2012), performing the role of Deesha, a mad gangster. The role won him the PTC Punjabi Film Award for Best Male Debut. The following year, Singh appeared in another Punjabi film, this time a [[comedy film|comedy]] by [[Amit Prasher]], ''[[Tu Mera 22 Main Tera 22]]'', as Rolly, a childish and spoilt brat, alongside [[Amrinder Gill]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}

== Personal life ==

On 23 January 2011, Singh married Shalini Talwar, a longtime friend. In November 2023, the couple were divorced after Talwar claimed she had suffered domestic violence. Singh denied the allegations, and Talwar withdrew them after the divorce was settled.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rawal |first1=Sughanda |title=Honey Singh on his divorce with Shalini Talwar: I started getting better after the separation |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/honey-singh-on-his-divorce-with-shalini-talwar-i-started-getting-better-after-the-separation-101725618312676.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=14 November 2024 |date=6 September 2024}}</ref>

== Selected discography ==

=== Albums ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Album details
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[International Villager]]''<ref>{{cite news |title=The Rise and Evolution of India's Rap Sensation |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/testing-article-by-pawan/articleshow/60154467.cms |work=The Times of India |date=13 May 2024 |access-date=}}</ref>
|
* Released: 11 November 2011
* Label: Speed Records
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Desi Kalakaar]]''<ref name="Indialive.today">{{cite web |url=http://indialive.today/yo-yo-honey-singh-stars-with-sonakshi-sinha-in-desi-kalakaar/ |title=Yo Yo Honey Singh Clubs in with Sonakshi Sinha for Desi Kalakaar |work=indialive.today |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083904/http://indialive.today/yo-yo-honey-singh-stars-with-sonakshi-sinha-in-desi-kalakaar/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|
* Released: 26 September 2014
* Label: [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
|-
! scope="row" | ''Honey 3.0''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sawant |first1=Omkar D |title=The Bombay Journey: After 9 Long Years, Yo Yo Honey Singh Announces His New Album Titled 'Honey 3.0' |url=https://in.mashable.com/entertainment/44695/the-bombay-journey-after-9-long-years-yo-yo-honey-singh-announces-his-new-album-titled-honey-30 |access-date=3 March 2026 |issue=Mashable India |date=3 January 2023}}</ref>
|
* Released: 15 March 2024
* Label: [[Zee Music Company]]
|-
! scope="row" | ''Glory''<ref>{{cite news |title=Yo Yo Honey Singh says his album ‘Glory’ is like a musical diary of his journey |url=https://indianewengland.com/yo-yo-honey-singh-says-his-album-glory-is-like-a-musical-diary-of-his-journey/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |publisher=India New England News |date=14 August 2024}}</ref>
|
* Released: 26 August 2024
* Label: [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
|-
! scope="row" | ''51 Glorious Days''<ref>{{cite news |title=Honey Singh is the 'Mafia' in his upcoming album 51 Glorious Days: Watch teaser |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/honey-singh-is-the-mafia-in-his-upcoming-album-51-glorious-days-watch-teaser-10212610/ |work=The Indian Express |date=26 August 2025 |access-date=}}</ref>
|
* Released: 26 September 2025
* Label: [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
|}

=== Singles ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Track
! scope="col" |Artist(s)
! Notes
|-
| 2012
|"[[Brown Rang]]"
| Yo Yo Honey Singh
|
|-
| 2015
|"[[Dheere Dheere]]"
| Yo Yo Honey Singh
|Featuring [[Hrithik Roshan]] and [[Sonam Kapoor]]
|-
|2020
|"Billo Tu Agg"
|Yo Yo Honey Singh featuring Singhsta
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|"Saiyaan Ji"
| Yo Yo Honey Singh and [[Neha Kakkar]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 January 2021|title=Neha Kakkar, Yo Yo Honey Singh release new song Saiyaan Ji, featuring Nushrratt Bharuccha|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/neha-kakkar-yo-yo-honey-singh-release-new-song-saiyaan-ji-featuring-nushrratt-bharuccha-9244331.html|access-date=27 January 2021|website=Firstpost}}</ref>
|-
|"Kanta Laga"
| [[Tony Kakkar]] featuring Yo Yo Honey Singh and Neha Kakkar
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=25 August 2021|title=Kanta Laga: Get ready for Yo Yo Honey Singh, Neha Kakkar & brother Tony's big music collaboration|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/music/kanta-laga-get-ready-for-yo-yo-honey-singh-neha-kakkar-brother-tony-kakkar-big-music-collaboration-729053|access-date=7 September 2021|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Appearances on film soundtracks ==

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Movie
! scope="col" |Song
! scope="col" |Singer(s)
! scope="col" |Music director(s)

|-
|2011
|''[[Desi Boyz]]''
|"Subhah Hone Na De"
|Mika Singh, [[Shefali Alvares]], Yo Yo Honey Singh
| rowspan="2" |[[Pritam]]
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2012
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Cocktail (2012 film)#Music|Cocktail]]''
| "Main Sharabi"
| Yo Yo Honey Singh, [[Javed Bashir]]
|-
|"Angrezi Beat"
|Yo Yo Honey Singh, [[Gippy Grewal]]
|Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
| ''[[Son of Sardaar#Soundtrack|Son of Sardaar]]''
| "Rani Tu Mein Raja"
| [[Mika Singh]], Bhavya Pandit, Yo Yo Honey Singh
| [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
|-
|''[[Luv Shuv Tey Chicken Khurana#Soundtrack|Luv Shuv Tey Chicken Khurana]]''
| "Kikli Kalerdi"
| [[Amit Trivedi]], Pinky Maidasani and Yo Yo Honey Singh
| [[Amit Trivedi]]
|-
| ''[[Khiladi 786#Soundtrack|Khiladi 786]]''
| "Lonely Lonely"
| [[Himesh Reshammiya]], Yo Yo Honey Singh and [[Hamsika Iyer]]
| [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
|-
|rowspan=6| 2013
| ''[[Race 2#Soundtrack|Race 2]]''
| "Party on My Mind"
| [[KK (singer)|KK]], Shefali Alvares, Yo Yo Honey Singh
| [[Pritam]]
|-
| ''[[Mere Dad Ki Maruti]]''
| "Punjabiyan Di Battery"
| [[Mika Singh]], Yo Yo Honey Singh
| [[Sachin Gupta (musician)|Sachin Gupta]]
|-
| ''[[Bajatey Raho]]''
| "Kudi Tu Butter"
| rowspan=2|Yo Yo Honey Singh
| Yo Yo Honey Singh & Jaidev Kumar
|-
| ''[[Chennai Express]]''
| "[[Lungi Dance]]" – The 'Thalaiva(r)' Tribute
| Yo Yo Honey Singh<ref>{{cite news|title=Honey Singh's Lungi dance not part of SRK, Deepika's Chennai Express|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/shah-rukh-khan-deepika-padukones-special-tribute-song-to-rajnikanth/1144637/|access-date=24 July 2013|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=21 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723090733/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/shah-rukh-khan-deepika-padukones-special-tribute-song-to-rajnikanth/1144637/|archive-date=23 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2| ''[[Boss (2013 Hindi film)|Boss]]''
| "Boss"
|Yo Yo Honey Singh, [[Meet Bros Anjjan]]
|Meet Bros Anjjan
|-
|"Party All Night"
|colspan=2|Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
| rowspan="11" |2014
|rowspan=2| [[Yaariyan (2014 film)|''Yaariyan'']]
| "ABCD"
|[[Benny Dayal]], [[Shefali Alvares]] & Yo Yo Honey Singh
| [[Pritam]]
|-
|"Sunny Sunny"
|[[Neha Kakkar]], Yo Yo Honey Singh
|Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
| ''[[Dedh Ishqiya]]''
| "[[Horn OK Please (song)|Horn OK Please]]"
| Honey Singh, [[Sukhwinder Singh]]
| [[Vishal Bhardwaj]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-01/news-and-interviews/45762646_1_last-song-yo-yo-honey-singh-dedh-ishqiya|title=Music Review: 'Dedh Ishqiya' music classic, romantic – ''The Times of India''|access-date=1 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113135149/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-01/news-and-interviews/45762646_1_last-song-yo-yo-honey-singh-dedh-ishqiya|archive-date=13 January 2014|url-status=dead|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ragini MMS 2]]''
| "Chaar Botal Vodka"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/ragini-mms-2-song-chaar-bottle-vodka-yo-yo-honey-singh-overshadows-baby-doll-sunny-leone/|title=Ragini MMS 2 song Chaar bottle vodka: Yo Yo Honey Singh overshadows baby doll Sunny Leone!|date=26 February 2014|access-date=26 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026162110/http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/ragini-mms-2-song-chaar-bottle-vodka-yo-yo-honey-singh-overshadows-baby-doll-sunny-leone/|archive-date=26 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
|rowspan=4|Yo Yo Honey Singh
| rowspan=11| Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
|| ''[[Bhoothnath Returns]]'' || "Party with the Bhoothnath"
|-
|rowspan=2| ''[[Fugly (2014 film)|Fugly]]'' || "Ye Fugly Fugly Kya Hai"
|-
|Banjaare
|-
| ''[[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]'' || "Yaar Naa Miley" ||Yo Yo Honey Singh, [[Jasmine Sandlas]]
|-
| ''[[Singham Returns]]'' || "Aata Majhi Satakli" || Yo Yo Honey Singh, [[Mamta Sharma]], Nitu Choudhry
|-
|rowspan=2| ''[[The Shaukeens]]'' || "Alcoholic" || Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
|"Manali Trance"|| [[Neha Kakkar]], Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
|rowspan=3| 2015
| ''[[Dilliwali Zaalim Girlfriend]]'' || "Birthday Bash" || [[Alfaaz]] and Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
| ''[[Gabbar is Back]]'' || "Aao Raja" || Yo Yo Honey Singh, [[Neha Kakkar]]
|-
| ''[[Bhaag Johnny]]'' || "Aankhon Aankhon" || Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
|2016
| ''[[Ki & Ka]]'' || "High Heels" (Remake) ||[[Jaz Dhami]], Yo Yo Honey Singh, [[Aditi Singh Sharma]]
|[[Meet Bros]], Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
| rowspan=5|2018
|rowspan=2| ''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]'' ||"Dil Chori"<ref>{{cite news|title=Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety song Dil Chori: Yo Yo Honey Singh is back with a peppy track|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sonu-ke-titu-ki-sweety-song-dil-chori-honey-singh-kartik-aaryan-nushrat-barucha-watch-video-4999236/|access-date=26 December 2017|publisher=Indian Express|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227061820/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sonu-ke-titu-ki-sweety-song-dil-chori-honey-singh-kartik-aaryan-nushrat-barucha-watch-video-4999236/|archive-date=27 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> || Honey Singh, Simar Kaur, Singhsta
| rowspan=3|Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
| | "Chhote Chhote Peg" || Yo Yo Honey Singh, [[Neha Kakkar]], [[Navraj Hans]]
|-
| ''[[Mitron]]'' || "This Party Is Over Now"|| Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
| ''[[Loveyatri]]'' || "Rang Taari"|| [[Dev Negi]], Yo Yo Honey Singh || [[Tanishk Bagchi]]
|-
| ''[[Baazaar]]'' || "Billionaire" || Yo Yo Honey Singh, Simar Kaur, Singhsta || Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
|rowspan=5|2019
|rowspan=2|''[[Jabariya Jodi]]''|| "Khadke Glassy"
|rowspan=2|Yo Yo Honey Singh, [[Ashok Masti]], [[Jyotica Tangri]]
|rowspan=2|Tanishk Bagchi, [[Ashok Masti]], Ramji Gulati
|-
|Glassy 2.0
|-
|''[[Jhootha Kahin Ka]]''||"Funk Love" ||Yo Yo Honey Singh
| rowspan="5" |Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
||''[[Marjaavaan]]''|| "Peeyu Datke"<ref>{{cite news|title=Yo Yo Honey Singh ने किया खुलासा, जल्द ही करेंगे बड़ा धमाका |url=https://www.infook.in/yo-yo-honey-singh/honey-singh-gave-information-about-his-upcoming-project/|access-date=3 October 2019|publisher=INFOok|date= 26 September 2019}}
</ref>
|Yo Yo Honey Singh, [[Ritu Pathak]]
|-
|''[[Pagalpanti (2019 film)|Pagalpanti]]'' || "Thumka"<ref>{{cite news|title=पागलपंती फिल्म – 200 बैकअप डांसर्स के साथ एक टाइटल सॉन्ग है.|url=https://www.infook.in/यो-यो-हनी-सिंह/हनी-सिंह/पागलपंती-फिल्म-200-बैकअप-डा/|access-date=24 October 2019|publisher=INFOok|date=24 April 2019}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> || Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
| 2020
|''[[Chhalaang]]''
|"Care Ni Karda"
|Yo Yo Honey Singh, Sweetaj Brar
|-
| 2021
|''[[Mumbai Saga]]''
|"Shor Machega"
|Yo Yo Honey Singh featuring Hommie Dilliwala and [[Shruti Sinha]]
|-
| 2022
|''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]''
|"De Taali"
|Yo Yo Honey Singh, [[Armaan Malik]], Shashwat Singh
|[[Pritam]]
|-
| rowspan="5" |2023
|''[[Selfiee]]''
|"Kudi Chamkeeli"
|Yo Yo Honey Singh
|Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
|''[[Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan]]''
|"Let's Dance Chotu Motu"
|Yo Yo Honey Singh, Devi Sri Prasad, [[Salman Khan]], [[Neha Bhasin]]
|[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|-
|rowspan=3|''[[Yaariyan 2]]''
|"Blue Hai Paani Paani"
|[[Arijit Singh]], [[Neha Kakkar]]
|rowspan=2|Yo Yo Honey Singh, Khaalif
|-
|"Sunny Sunny 2.0"
|Yo Yo Honey Singh, Neha Kakkar
|-
|"Kho Sa Gaya Hoon"
|Manan Bhardwaj, Yo Yo Honey Singh, Neha Kakkar
|Manan Bhardwaj, Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
|2024
|[[Khel Khel Mein (2024 film)|''Khel Khel Mein'']]
|"Hauli Hauli"
|[[Guru Randhawa]], Yo Yo Honey Singh, Neha Kakkar
|Guru Randhawa
|-
| rowspan="4" |2025
|''[[Fateh (2025 film)|Fateh]]''
|"Hitman"
| rowspan="2" |Yo Yo Honey Singh
| rowspan="4" |Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
|''[[Raid 2 (film)|Raid 2]]''
|"Money Money"
|-
|''[[Housefull 5]]''
|"Laal Pari"
|Yo Yo Honey Singh, Simar Kaur
|-
|''[[De De Pyaar De 2]]''
|"Jhoom Sharabi"
|Yo Yo Honey Singh
|-
|}

==Production discography==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Album
! scope="col" |Artist
|-
| 2009
| ''[[The Next Level]]''
| [[Diljit Dosanjh]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011
| ''[[Alfaaz – The Boy Next Door]]''
| [[Alfaaz]]

|-
|''[[International Villager]]''
|
|-
| 2014
|''[[Desi Kalakaar]]''<ref name="Indialive.today"/>
| Honey Singh
|}

== Filmography ==

===Movies===

{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''As an actor'''
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Language
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=1| 2012 || ''[[Mirza - The Untold Story]]''|| Deesha || Punjabi ||
|-
| rowspan=1| 2013 || ''[[Tu Mera 22 Main Tera 22]]'' || Rolly || Punjabi ||
|-
| rowspan=1| 2014 || ''[[The Xpose]]'' || Kenny Damania || Hindi ||
|-
| rowspan=1| 2016 || ''[[Zorawar]]'' || Agent Zorawar Singh || Punjabi ||
|-
|}

===Television===

{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Show
!Channel
!Role
|-
|2014
|''[[India's Raw Star]]''
|[[Star Plus]]
|Judge
|}

== Awards ==

*2010 [[PTC Punjabi]] Best Music Director 2010 for the song "Desi Daroo"<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20100310/jplus.htm#4 PTC Punjabi Music Awards 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515194942/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20100310/jplus.htm#4 |date=15 May 2010 }}. ''The Tribune''. Retrieved 3 January 2012.</ref>
*2011 [[PTC Punjabi]] Best Music Director 2011 for album ''The Folkstar''<ref>[http://ptcpmusicawards.com/winner.php PTC 2011 music award Winners List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115155128/http://ptcpmusicawards.com/winner.php |date=15 January 2012 }}. Ptcpmusicawards.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.cinepunjab.com/2011/03/ptc-music-awards-2011.html PTC Music Awards 2011 List of Awards Winners] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502023602/http://www.cinepunjab.com/2011/03/ptc-music-awards-2011.html |date=2 May 2012 }}. Cinepunjab.com (18 November 2011). Retrieved 3 January 2012.</ref>
*2012 [[PTC Punjabi]] Best Music Director 2012 for album ''I.V.'' (''International Villager'')<ref>[http://ptcpmusicawards.com/winners.html PTC 2012 music award Winners List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106110130/http://ptcpmusicawards.com/winners.html |date=6 November 2012 }} Ptcpmusicawards.com. Retrieved 25 March 2012.</ref>
*2012 [[BritAsia TV Music Awards]] 2012 – Best International Act<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/punjabi/music/BritAsia-Music-Awards-winners/articleshow/16749757.cms BritAsia Music Awards winners] ''The Times of India''. Retrieved 1 December 2012.</ref>
*2012 [[UK Asian Music Awards]] Best International Album 2012 for Album album ''I.V.'' (''International Villager'')<ref>[http://www.chakdey.com/lebara-mobile-uk-asian-music-awards-ukama-results Lebara Mobile UK Asian Music Awards (UKAMA 2012) Results] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030115943/http://www.chakdey.com/lebara-mobile-uk-asian-music-awards-ukama-results/ |date=30 October 2012 }} chakdey.com. Retrieved 1 December 2012.</ref>
*2012 [[PTC Punjabi]] Film Award – Best Music Director 2012 for ''[[Mirza – The Untold Story]]''<ref name="ptc">[http://www.ptcpunjabifilmawards.com/winers.html PTC Punjabi Film Award (PTCPFA 2013) Results] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804223425/http://www.ptcpunjabifilmawards.com/winers.html |date=4 August 2013 }}. Retrieved 22 March 2013.</ref>
*2012 [[PTC Punjabi]] Film Award – Best Debut (Male) for ''[[Mirza – The Untold Story]]''<ref name="ptc" />
*2013 [[MTV]] VMAI Awards – Best Indie Artist (male) 2013 for the song "Brown Rang"<ref>[http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news/pritam-sonu-rahman-win-mtv-video-music-awards Yo Yo Honey Singh bagged an award for best Indie Artiste male for Brown Rang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324010942/http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news/pritam-sonu-rahman-win-mtv-video-music-awards |date=24 March 2013 }}. Retrieved 22 March 2013.</ref>
*2013 [[MTV]] EMA Awards – Best India Act 2013 for "Bring me Back"<ref name = "Yo Yo Honey Singh wins MTV EMA">[http://www.desi-box.com/music/desi/yo-yo-honey-singh-wins-mtv-ema.html Yo Yo Honey Singh wins MTV EMA]. Retrieved 14 January 2014</ref>
* 2013 [[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]] – Singh was co-winner of Most Entertaining Singer (Male), and "Lungi Dance" was nominated as Most Entertaining Song.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefilmyguide.com/big-star-entertainment-award-2013-nomination-and-winners-list/|title=BIG Star Entertainment Award 2013 Nomination and Winners List|last=Rajput|first=Satender|date=19 December 2013|publisher=The Filmy Guide|access-date=29 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202075725/http://www.thefilmyguide.com/big-star-entertainment-award-2013-nomination-and-winners-list/|archive-date=2 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2014 [[Zee Cine Awards]] 2014 for International Icon Male<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/537911/20140209/zee-cine-award-2014-winners-list-farhan.htm|title=Zee Cine Awards 2014: Dhanush, Priyanka Chopra, Honey Singh Clinch Trophies; Complete List of Winners – International Business Times|newspaper=IB Times|date=9 February 2014|access-date=9 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222031901/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/537911/20140209/zee-cine-award-2014-winners-list-farhan.htm|archive-date=22 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2014 [[Stardust Awards]] – Best Music Director for [[Yaariyan (2014 film)|''Yaariyan'']]
* 2016 [[Hindustan Times]] India's Most Stylish Awards – Most Stylish Singer
* 2018 [[Mirchi Music Awards]] – Listener's Choice Album of the Year for ''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]'' and Listener's Choice Song of the Year for "Dil Chori"
*2019 [[IIFA Award for Best Music Director]] for Best Performance by a music director for ''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]''

== Controversies ==

Singh's work has been criticised as being [[Profanity|vulgar]], [[misogyny|misogynist]], offensive and [[Racism|racist]] promoting [[violence against women]] along with promoting alcohol abuse and drugs and a bad influence on youth.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Yo Yo Honey Singh: A vulgar obsession or our own creation?|url = http://blogs.reuters.com/india/2012/12/31/yo-yo-honey-singh-a-vulgar-obsession-or-our-own-creation/|website = Reuters Blogs|date = 31 December 2012|access-date = 1 January 2016|first = Sankalp|last = Phartiyal|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151226025124/http://blogs.reuters.com/india/2012/12/31/yo-yo-honey-singh-a-vulgar-obsession-or-our-own-creation/|archive-date = 26 December 2015|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = The biggest problem with Yo Yo Honey Singh: Bollywood's embrace of him|url = http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/the-biggest-problem-with-yo-yo-honey-singh-bollywoods-embrace-of-him-574960.html|website = Firstpost|date = 1 January 2013|access-date = 1 January 2016|last = Chintamani|first = Gautam|language = en-US|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160104211257/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/the-biggest-problem-with-yo-yo-honey-singh-bollywoods-embrace-of-him-574960.html|archive-date = 4 January 2016|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref> There have been reactions in print to Singh, such as from [[Annie Zaidi (writer)|Annie Zaidi]], who wrote "[[An Open Letter to Honey Singh]]" in January 2013,<ref name="TSG-20130105">{{cite news|url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/artbeat/an-open-letter-to-honey-singh-2|title=An open letter to Honey Singh|last=Zaidi|first=Annie|date=5 January 2013|work=The Sunday Guardian|access-date=4 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141130004722/http://www.sunday-guardian.com/artbeat/an-open-letter-to-honey-singh-2|archive-date=30 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> and Sandipan Sharma, who wrote "Thanks for the crassness: An open letter to Honey Singh from a parent" in July 2014.<ref name="HT-20140723">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/music/thanks-for-the-crassness-an-open-letter-to-honey-singh-from-a-parent/article1-1242802.aspx|title=Thanks for the crassness: An open letter to Honey Singh from a parent|last=Sharma|first=Sandipan|date=23 July 2014|work=The Hindustan Times|access-date=4 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205105646/http://www.hindustantimes.com/music/thanks-for-the-crassness-an-open-letter-to-honey-singh-from-a-parent/article1-1242802.aspx|archive-date=5 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the aftermath of the [[2012 Delhi gang rape case]], a song "Main Hoon Balatkari" ({{lit|I Am A Rapist}}) became popular in the city, its lyrics glorifying rape. The song was attributed to Singh,<ref>{{cite news|title=The nadir of all depravity?|url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Outraged/entry/the-nadir-of-all-depravity|access-date=30 December 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230001710/http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Outraged/entry/the-nadir-of-all-depravity|archive-date=30 December 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> although he denied having sung<ref name="ht"/> or written the song.<ref name=ibn>{{cite news|title=Honey Singh denies writing offensive lyrics, his lawyer says he is considering legal action|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/honey-singh-denies-writing-offensive-lyrics-his-lawyer-says-he-is-considering-legal-action/313337-3-244.html|access-date=1 January 2013|publisher=CNN-IBN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103120112/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/honey-singh-denies-writing-offensive-lyrics-his-lawyer-says-he-is-considering-legal-action/313337-3-244.html|archive-date=3 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> A [[first information report]] (FIR) was lodged against Singh for the song's lyrics, and a group of social activists filed an [[online petition]] demanding cancellation of his New Year performance at a [[Gurgaon]] hotel.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gurgaon hotel cancels rapper Honey Singh's concert, FIR in Lucknow over offensive lyrics|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Gurgaon-hotel-cancels-rapper-Honey-Singhs-concert-FIR-in-Lucknow-over-offensive-lyrics/articleshow/17833933.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005193047/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-31/lucknow/36078951_1_honey-singh-online-petition-gurgaon-hotel|url-status=live|archive-date=5 October 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=1 January 2013}}</ref> After the campaign, Singh's New Year concert was cancelled by the hotel.<ref name="ht">{{cite news|title=Anger wave washes away Honey Singh show|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Music/Anger-wave-washes-away-Honey-Singh-show/Article1-983281.aspx|access-date=1 January 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101012513/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Music/Anger-wave-washes-away-Honey-Singh-show/Article1-983281.aspx|archive-date=1 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> A case was dismissed by Chandigarh High Court who found no proof that Singh was its singer.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/hc-dismissed-cases-against-honey-singh-over-balatkaari-song/articleshow/20928594.cms | title=HC dismissed cases against Honey Singh over 'Balatkaari' song | work=The Times of India | date=5 July 2013 }}</ref>

Singh's song "Party All Night" in [[Akshay Kumar]]'s 2013 film ''[[Boss (2013 Hindi film)|Boss]]'' was at the centre of a controversy for a "vulgar" word in its lyrics, with a petition filed to stay the release of the film until the word or the song was removed. Producers of the movie submitted a petition in [[Delhi High Court]] claiming to have "muted" the word. Singh denied that the word was vulgar, saying that people "must have heard it wrongly".<ref>{{cite news|title=Muted word from Honey Singh's song is not vulgar : Akshay Kumar|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/muted-word-from-honey-singh-s-song-is-not-vulgar-akshay-kumar/article1-1135401.aspx|access-date=15 October 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018064953/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Muted-word-from-Honey-Singh-s-song-is-not-vulgar-Akshay-Kumar/Article1-1135401.aspx|archive-date=18 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2014, Singh and fellow rapper [[Raftaar (Singer)|Raftaar]] were in dispute over whether Raftaar should receive credit for the lyrics of the song "Yeh Fugly Fugly Kya Hai".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/yo-yo-caught-in-a-fresh-controversy-with-punjabi-rapper-raftaar-192120-2014-05-08|title=Yo Yo caught in a fresh controversy with Punjabi rapper Raftaar|website=India Today|date=8 May 2014 |access-date=28 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216182313/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/yo-yo-caught-in-a-fresh-controversy-with-punjabi-rapper-raftaar/1/359720.html|archive-date=16 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2015, a student of [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]] went viral for a rap that parodied Singh's problematic songs from a feminist perspective.<ref name="vice">{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Shamani |date=4 August 2021 |title=One of India's Biggest Rappers Accused of Domestic Violence |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/4av59d/honey-singh-india-rapper-accused-domestic-violence |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Vice |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2015 |title=Meet the "socially relevant rapper" who shot to fame with 'An Open letter to Honey Singh' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/dont-mess-with-her-2/ |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In 2021, Honey Singh's wife Shalini Talwar filed a case against him in Tis Hazari Court for domestic violence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi Court Lists Domestic Violence Case Involving Singer Honey Singh For Sept 28 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/delhi-court-lists-domestic-violence-case-involving-singer-honey-singh-for-september-28-2528945 |access-date=8 March 2025 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref> Talwar accused Singh of "numerous incidents of physical abuse, verbal, mental abuse and emotional abuse", and accused him of adultery.<ref name="vice"/>

In 2025, a notice was sent for the singer to appear on August 11, 2025, by Punjab State Women's Commission for lyrics on his 2024 album ''Glory'' in the track "Millionaire" being derogatory towards women. A report was demanded from the Director General of Police (DGP). Chairperson Raj Lali Gill demanded an investigation by the Punjab DGP and sought to ban such content. Singer [[Karan Aujla]] was also summoned for his song "MF Gabru".<ref>{{cite news |title=Yo Yo Honey Singh and Karan Aujla face legal action from Punjab Women’s Commission over 'misogynistic' lyrics in ‘Millionaire’ and ‘MF Gabhru’: Deets inside |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/yo-yo-honey-singh-and-karan-aujla-face-legal-action-from-punjab-womens-commission-over-misogynistic-lyrics-in-millionaire-and-mf-gabhru-deets-inside/articleshow/123177445.cms |access-date=12 March 2026 |work=The Times of India |date=8 August 2025}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Desi Kalakaar]]
*[[An Open Letter to Honey Singh]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}

*{{IMDb name|4770760|Yo Yo Honey Singh}}
* {{Discogs artist|Yo Yo Honey Singh}}

{{Yo Yo Honey Singh}}
{{MTV Europe Music Award for Best Indian Act}}
{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search = Category:Yo Yo Honey Singh
|d = yes
|d-search =
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 = India
|portal3 = Music
|portal4 = Pop music
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Yo Yo Honey}}
[[Category:Yo Yo Honey Singh| ]]
[[Category:Indian rappers]]
[[Category:Punjabi rappers]]
[[Category:Rappers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian record producers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Singers from Delhi]]
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:People from Hoshiarpur]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language singers]]
[[Category:Indian folk-pop singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:MTV Europe Music Award winners]]
[[Category:People from Punjab, India]]

Muhammad Khan Junejo

2026-03-25T10:13:39Z

PiperByrum18: brief update section per sources also and updated info

{{Short description|Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1985 to 1988}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Muhammad Khan Junejo
| native_name = محمد خان جونیجو
| native_name_lang = ur
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Muhammad Khan Junejo.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| image_upright =
| smallimage = 
| alt =
| caption = Junejo in 1986
| order =
| office = 10th [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]
| term_start = 24 March 1985
| term_end = 29 May 1988
| alongside = 
| monarch =
| president = [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]]
| succeeding = 
| parliamentarygroup =
| constituency =
| majority =
| predecessor = [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] (1977)
| successor = [[Benazir Bhutto]]
| prior_term = 
| order2 = [[Defence Minister of Pakistan|Minister of Defence]]
| office2 =
| term_start2 = 24 March 1985
| term_end2 = 29 May 1988
| order3 = [[Ministry of Interior and Narcotics Control#List of Interior Ministers of Pakistan|Minister of Interior]]
| office3 =
| term_start3 = 15 April 1985
| term_end3 = 21 May 1985
| president3 = 
| predecessor3 = Lt.Gen F.S. Khan Lodhi
| successor3 = [[Muhammad Aslam Khan Khattak|Aslam Khan]]
| order4 = [[Ministry of Railways (Pakistan)#Ministers|Minister of Railways]]
| office4 =
| term_start4 = 5 July 1978
| term_end4 = 23 April 1979
| president4 = 
| predecessor4 = N. A. Qureshi
| successor4 = Major-General Jamal Said Khan
| term_start5 = 1965
| term_end5 = 1969
| president5 = [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]]
| predecessor5 = F.M. Khan
| successor5 = [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan|Admiral S.M. Ahsan]]
| order6 = [[Ministry of National Health Services Regulation and Coordination|Minister of Health]], [[Ministry of Communications (Pakistan)|Communications]] and [[Ministry of Labour (Pakistan)|Labour]]
| term_start6 = 1963
| term_end6 = 1965
| president6 = 
| predecessor6 =
| successor6 = 
| order7 = [[President of Pakistan Muslim League]]
| term_start7 = 23 March 1985
| term_end7 = 29 May 1988
| predecessor7 = [[Chaudhry Zahoor Elahi]]
| successor7 = [[Syed Shah Mardan Shah-II|Pir Pagara]]
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = Mohammad Khan Junejo
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1932|8|18}}
| birth_place = [[Sindhri (town)|Sindhri]], [[Sind Division|Sind]], [[Bombay Presidency]], British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1993|3|18|1932|8|18}}
| death_place = [[Baltimore]], Maryland, United States
| death_cause = [[Leukemia]]
| resting_place = [[Sindhri (town)|Sindhri]], [[Sindh]], Pakistan
| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship = {{PAK}}
| nationality =
| party = [[Pakistan Muslim League]] {{small|(1962–1988)}}
| otherparty = [[Pakistan Muslim League (J)]] {{small|(1988–93)}}
| height = 
| spouse = Begum Junejo
| partner = 
| relations =
| children = {{ubl|[[Fiza Junejo]] (daughter)|
[[Asad Junejo]] (son)|Kulsoom Junejo (daughter)}}
| parents = 
| mother = 
| father = 
| relatives =
| residence =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[St. Patrick's College (Karachi)|St. Patrick's College]] [[Plumpton College]]
| occupation =
| profession =
| known_for =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| awards = 
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| blank2 =
| data2 =
| blank3 =
| data3 =
| blank4 =
| data4 =
| blank5 =
| data5 =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website = 
| nickname =
| allegiance =
| branch =
| serviceyears =
| rank =
| unit =
| commands =
| battles =
| mawards = 
| military_blank1 =
| military_data1 =
| military_blank2 =
| military_data2 =
| military_blank3 =
| military_data3 =
| military_blank4 =
| military_data4 =
| military_blank5 =
| military_data5 = 
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Muhammad Khan Junejo'''{{Efn|{{langx|ur|محمد خان جونیجو}}; {{langx|sd|محمد خان جوڻيجو}}}} (18 August 1932 {{endash}} 18 March 1993) was a Pakistani politician and statesman who served as the tenth [[prime minister of Pakistan]] from 1985 to 1988 under president [[Zia-ul-Haq]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Straits Times - Google News Archive Search |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19880603&id=6BBZAAAAIBAJ&pg=6710,635588&hl=en |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=news.google.com}}</ref> He sought to strengthen the [[parliamentary system]] and assert [[Civil control of the military|civilian control]] over [[Government of Pakistan|national affairs]],{{efn|Including [[Government of Pakistan|state affairs]], [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|foreign affairs]] and [[Pakistan Armed Forces|military appointments]]}} which resulted in tensions with the [[Presidency of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia administration]], ultimately leading to his dismissal.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />

His inquiries into the [[Ojhri Camp disaster|Ojhri Camp Disaster]], appointment of Aslam Beg as [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan)|VCOAS]], various Corps Commanders, growing control over senior military promotions, [[Geneva Accords (1988)|forays into international politics]], rejecting Zia appointments in his cabinet, stance against martial law, austerity policies and purported spying on Zia through the civilianized [[Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)|Intelligence Bureau]] all contributed to the souring in their relation.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6" />

Junejo was an influential [[Feudalism in Pakistan|landowner]] and involved in the agricultural industry. He was educated in [[Karachi]], where he attended the [[St. Patrick's College (Karachi)|St. Patrick's College]], and was trained as an [[agriculturist]] at [[Plumpton College|Agricultural Institute, Plumpton College]] in the United Kingdom. He gained public notice when he joined the [[President Ayub Khan|Ayub administration]] and subsequently held cabinet portfolio of [[Ministry of Railways (Pakistan)#Ministers|railways]], [[Ministry of National Health Services Regulation and Coordination|health]], [[Ministry of Communications (Pakistan)|communications]] and [[Ministry of Labour (Pakistan)|labour]] from 1963 to 1969.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kadri|first=Syed Shameem Hussain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6eWNAAAAMAAJ|title=Judges and Politics: Ghulam Mohammad to Ghulam Ishaq|date=1990|publisher=Jang Publishers|language=en}}</ref>

After participating in the 1985 elections, he was chosen to form the [[Government of Pakistan|government]] on [[Pakistan Muslim League]]'s platform, of which, he took over the [[President of Pakistan Muslim League|party's presidency]]. His government was noted for its support of [[Conservatism in Pakistan|conservatism]], [[Austerity|austerity measures]] that reduced the [[government budget deficit]], and repealing of the [[Emergency Law|emergency laws]] which allowed the freedom of [[Media of Pakistan|press and media]] in the country.<ref name="Gallery, Khalid">{{cite web|last1=Khalid|first1=Hanif|title=muhammad-khan-junejo|url=http://pakidilse.com/gallerynew/index.php/Personalities/muhammad-khan-junejo|website=Gallery|access-date=24 July 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731185314/http://pakidilse.com/gallerynew/index.php/Personalities/muhammad-khan-junejo|archive-date=31 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Despite strong resistance and fierce opposition from [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]], Junejo authorized his [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Foreign Minister]] [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan|Zain Noorani]] to sign and ratify the [[Geneva Accords (1988)|Geneva Accords]] in 1988. His relations with President Zia-ul-Haq further soured when he opened a parliamentary inquiry on the [[Ojhri Camp|Ojhri Camp disaster]] in 1988.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Iqbal|first=Syed Jawaid|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YxTsAAAAMAAJ&q=muhammad+khan+junejo+feudal|title=Third World International|date=1988|publisher=S. J. Iqbal|pages=11–48|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Malik|first=Anas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dLkuCgAAQBAJ&q=muhammad+khan+junejo+feudal&pg=PA98|title=Political Survival in Pakistan: Beyond Ideology|date=2010-10-22|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-90419-6|pages=98|language=en}}</ref> On 29 May 1988, Prime Minister Junejo was dismissed by [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|President Zia]] over charges on incompetence and [[Periods of stagflation in Pakistan|economic stagflation]] and immediately called for new general elections. After the [[1988 Pakistani general elections|general elections]] held in 1988, he led his own [[Pakistan Muslim League (J)|faction]] while holding ceremonial [[President of Pakistan Muslim League|party's presidency]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FaviAAAAMAAJ|title=From SARC to SAARC: 1983-1989|date=1988|publisher=South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation|pages=14|language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Mohammad Khan Junejo belonged to a [[Sindhi people|Sindhi]] [[Rajput]] Family.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Staff|first=Books Group|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MK47YgEACAAJ|title=Junejo Rajputs: Muhammad Khan Junejo, Jan Muhammad Junejo, Jam Sadiq Ali, Chakar Ali Khan Junejo|date=2010|publisher=General Books LLC|isbn=978-1-158-28465-8|language=en}}</ref> He was born in [[Mirpur Khas District]], [[Sind Division|Sindh]], [[British Indian Empire|British India]] on 18 August 1932.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVMYAAAAIAAJ&q=18+August+1932|title=The Annual Obituary|date=1993|publisher=St. Martin's|isbn=978-1-55862-320-0|pages=241|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Story Of Pakistan (biography)">{{cite web|title=Muhammad Khan Junejo {{!}} Former Prime Minister of Pakistan and President of Pakistan Muslim League|url=https://storyofpakistan.com/muhammad-khan-junejo|website=Story Of Pakistan|publisher=Story Of Pakistan (biography)|access-date=27 July 2017|language=en|date=1 June 2003}}</ref> He hailed from an influential agriculturalist family in [[Sind]]h that had a traditional conservative mindset.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Iqbal|first1=Syed Jawaid|title=Third World International|date=1988|publisher=S. J. Iqbal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YxTsAAAAMAAJ&q=muhammad+khan+junejo+feudal|access-date=27 July 2017|language=en}}</ref>

He was educated at the [[St. Patrick's High School, Karachi|St. Patrick's High School]] in [[Karachi]] and later graduated from the [[St. Patrick's College (Karachi)|St. Patrick's College]].<ref name="Urdu Biography">{{cite web|last1=Khan|first1=Mohammad|title=Muhammad Khan Junejo{{!}} Biography {{!}} Muhammad Khan Junejo biography|url=http://www.urdubiography.com/politicians/muhammad-khan-junejo.html|website=www.urdubiography.com|publisher=Urdu Biography|access-date=27 July 2017|archive-date=23 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723075733/http://www.urdubiography.com/politicians/muhammad-khan-junejo.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He went to [[Hastings]] in [[England]] where he was trained as an [[Agriculture|agriculturist]] and earned a diploma to be certified in 1954.<ref name=IndependentObit>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-muhammad-khan-junejo-1498585.html|title=Obituary: Muhammad Khan Junejo|author=Ahmed Rashid|date=19 March 1993|access-date=4 May 2013}}</ref>

Junejo was an agriculturist and a farmer who cultivated the famed ''[[Sindhri]]'' [[List of mango cultivars|mangoes]] in his local village in [[Mirpur Khas District|Mirpur Khas]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lamb|first=Christina|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oj9uAAAAMAAJ&q=muhammad+khan+junejo+daring|title=Waiting for Allah: Pakistan's Struggle for Democracy|date=1991|publisher=Viking|pages=42|isbn=9780241130551 |language=en}}</ref> His father, Deen Mohammed Junejo a landowner in modern-day Mirpurkhas District ([[Sindhri (town)|Sindhri]]) is also notable for being the one to introduce South Indian variety of mango to his plantations, which over time developed into the ''Sindhri'' mango.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-24 |title=The Life And Times Of Mohammed Khan Junejo |url=https://www.thefridaytimes.com/2023/03/24/the-life-and-times-of-mohammed-khan-junejo/ |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=The Friday Times |language=en}}</ref> Junejo was a conservative Muslim and a dominant figure in his village, who had his wife living in the village for her entire life, and kept her out of public sight even when he was elected as prime minister and eventually moved to [[Prime Minister's Secretariat (Pakistan)|Prime Minister's Secretariat]]. Nothing or very little was known about his wife as he often traveled and visited other states with his elder daughter; he was married with five children.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jūnejo|first=Muḥammad K̲h̲ān|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnlCAAAAYAAJ|title=Prime Minister of Pakistan Mohammad Khan Junejo: Mar. 24-June 30, 1985|date=1986|publisher=Directorate of Films & Publications, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan|language=en}}</ref>

==Early political career==
Upon returning from the [[United Kingdom]] in 1954, he joined the [[Pakistan Muslim League]] (PML) and under [[Ayub Khan|Ayub Khan's]] Basic Democracies system was elected as Chairman of Chairman of the Sanghar Local Board (or [[Mayor]] for [[Sanghar District]]) and worked as a party worker for the Muslim League until 1963. He participated in elections and was elected for [[List of Speakers of the West Pakistan Legislative Assembly|West-Pakistan legislative assembly]] and soon he joined the [[President Ayub Khan|Ayub administration]] and subsequently held cabinet department of [[Ministry of National Health Services Regulation and Coordination|Health]], [[Ministry of Communications (Pakistan)|Communications]] and [[Ministry of Labour (Pakistan)|Labour]] until 1965.<ref name="Urdu Biography" /><ref name=":1" /> He again successfully participated in the [[1965 Pakistani presidential election|presidential elections]] in 1965 and was elevated as the [[Ministry of Railways (Pakistan)#Ministers|Minister of Railways]] under the [[President Ayub Khan|Ayub administration]] which he served until 1969.<ref name="IndependentObit" />

From 1970 to 1977, he was unable to defend his constituency from [[Sanghar]] but became closer to religious leader [[Syed Shah Mardan Shah-II|Pir Pagara]], of which he later became his [[Islamic missionary activity|political missionary]] and devoted disciple (''murid'') of the Pir.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnM8AAAAMAAJ|title=Foreign Affairs Pakistan|date=1986|publisher=Pakistan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs|pages=22|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> In 1977, he was named as a caretaker cabinet minister when General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]], the [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|chief of army staff]], [[1977 Pakistani coup d'état|took over]] the [[Government of Pakistan|civilian government]] led by [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]. From 1977 to 1979, he served as the [[Ministry of Railways (Pakistan)#Ministers|Railway minister]] but later resigned in 1979.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1993-03-19|title=Obituary: Muhammad Khan Junejo|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-muhammad-khan-junejo-1498585.html|access-date=2020-10-22|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn|Directorate|2012|p=11}}

==Prime Minister of Pakistan (1985-1988)==
{{Further|Junejo government|Presidency of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq}}

=== Election ===
{{Main|1984 Pakistani Islamisation programme referendum|1985 Pakistani general election}}

In January 1985, [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]] announced to hold nationwide [[1985 Pakistani general election|general elections]] that would be based on [[Non-partisan democracy|non-partisanism]]– there have been political rumors that the [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Ronald Reagan]] had a subsequent political role in such regards.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mWaNAAAAMAAJ|title=The Political Parties of Pakistan|date=2002|publisher=Royal Book Company|isbn=978-969-407-277-7|pages=47|language=en}}</ref>

Junejo was successful in defending his constituency from the [[Sanghar District]] and was known to be a religiopolitical missionary of [[Pir Pagara]] who had been leading [[PML-F|his own political faction]] in [[Sindh]]. [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|President Zia]] considered three names for the appointment of the Prime Minister that included: [[Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi]], [[Liaquat Ali Jatoi]] and Junejo– all were from [[Sindh]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vFooS3oZBXIC|title=Mian Muhammad Yasin Khan Wattoo Finance Minister's Urdu Budget Speech 1986-87|year=1986|pages=86–87|language=en|author1=Pakistan }}</ref>

Two days after the promulgation of the RCO (Revival of Constitution 1973 Order) on 2 March 1985, President [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]] held a meeting with the [[Martial law administrator|Martial Law Administrators]] (MLAs) to select a prime minister. According to amendments in the constitution the President was to nominate a prime minister from the newly elected [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]]. The MLAs decided since that former deposed prime minister, Z. A. Bhutto was Sindhi, the new prime minister should also be from Sindh. The MLAs supported the candidacy of [[Elahi Bux Soomro|Elahi Bakhsh Soomro]] over Mohammad Khan Junejo (who was also shortlisted). However, after General Zia's consultation with Pir Sahib Pagara led to the dropping of Soomro and Junejo being selected for the role.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Aziz |first=Shaikh |date=2015-08-23 |title=A leaf from history: The battle for supremacy begins |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1201712 |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>

President Zia hand-picked and appointed Junejo as [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|prime minister]] through an invitation to form the [[Government of Pakistan|civilian government]] in accordance with the Revival of [[Constitution of Pakistan|Constitution]] Order (RCO).{{sfn|Lyons|2008|pp=93|p=}} His mindset reflected a [[Conservatism in Pakistan|conservatism]] and was a powerful [[Feudalism in Pakistan|feudalist]] whom President Zia considered him to be ineffective in leading towards the [[decision-making processes]].<ref name="ANU E Press, Selochan & May">{{cite book|last1=May|first1=Ronald James|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lrRwjKQchGYC&q=muhammad+khan+junejo+weak+decision&pg=PA96|title=The Military and Democracy in Asia and the Pacific|last2=Selochan|first2=Viberto|date=2004|publisher=ANU E Press|isbn=9781920942007|pages=97–98|language=en|chapter=Pakistan: The Civil-military relations in Praetorian state|chapter-format=googlebooks|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="PublicAffairs, Haqqani">{{cite book|last1=Haqqani|first1=Husain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YP7cDQAAQBAJ&q=muhammad+khan+junejo+conservatism&pg=PA268|title=Magnificent Delusions: Pakistan, the United States, and an Epic History of Misunderstanding|date=2015|publisher=PublicAffairs|isbn=9781610394734|pages=268|language=en|access-date=31 July 2017}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and after securing votes in the [[Parliament of Pakistan|Parliament]] through the [[Vote of Confidence]] (VoC), he met with [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|President Zia]] and reportedly asking him about the ending of the [[1977 Pakistani coup d'état|martial law]].{{Sfn|Anwar|2012|p=27}} According to General Khalid Mahmud Arif, Junejo neither expressed happiness or thanked Zia after news of his appointment as prime minister.<ref name=":3" />

=== End of Martial Law ===
On 20 March at 8:00 PM, Zia welcomed Junejo in his office and told him he planned to nominate him as [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]], Junejo rather than thank the President instead immediately questioned him "When do you plan to remove Martial Law?" Zia tried to convince the Prime Minister that Martial Law would now support the Prime Minister.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Nawaz |first=Shuja |title=Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within |date=11 October 2009 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0195476972 |edition=1st |language=English}}</ref>{{Rp|page=381}} Early in his premiership during an address as the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]], Junejo stated that Martial Law and Democracy could not coexist. Zia did not appreciate these remarks and Gen Mujibur Rehman, Zia's information secretary had them expunged from the [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] telecast.<ref name=":5"/>

On 30 December 1985 Martial Law was lifted after Junejo had managed to "push" Zia enough.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=382}}

=== Civilian Premiership ===
Following the lifting of martial law on his repeated instances Junejo announced his cabinet in which he rejected many of Zia's cabinet appointments, only accepting [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan|Sahibzada Yaqub Khan]] as foreign minister and [[Mahbub ul Haq|Mahbubul Haq]] as Minister for Planning and Development and later Finance Minister. Junejo also removed Lt. Gen. Mujibur Rehman from his position as Secretary of the Ministry of Information.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=381}} Anwar Zahid, a civil servant posted by Zia as the [[Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of Pakistan|Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister]] was replaced by Junejo by Captain Usman Ali Isani, which whom he was more comfortable.<ref name=":5"/> He kept two ministerial departments of [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|defence]] and [[Ministry of Interior (Pakistan)|interior]].

He also overrode Zia-ul-Haq's objections to on having the same military staff as the president (e.g. MS and [[Aide-de-camp|Aide-de-Camps]]) on the basis that the previous deposed PM Z. A. Bhutto had this privilege. He also exercised his own judgement in the appointment of key officials including federal secretaries, ambassadors, chief secretaries and inspectors-general of police. Junejo demanded the right to join the president in the ceremonial state coach and to jointly take salute on the occasion of the 23rd-March parade, later winning the right to independently act as chief guest on the [[Independence Day (Pakistan)|14th August official ceremony]].<ref name=":1" />

Prime Minister Junejo's social policies led to the [[political independence]] when he was appointed as the [[President of Pakistan Muslim League]].{{sfn|Lyon|2008|pp=120}} His policy also included the [[freedom of the press]] despite the opposition he faced from [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|President Zia]] in this issue.<ref name="Gallery, Khalid" /> He gained popularity for his daring stance and disagreement with Zia over a number of issues.<ref name="Story Of Pakistan (biography)" />

On the economic front, he took the [[austerity measure]]s and ultimately halted the [[Islamization of Economy]] process ran under the Zia regime, which put him at odds with President Zia.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pakistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PMLAAAAIAAJ|title=White Paper on the Performance of the Bhutto Regime|date=1979|publisher=Government of Pakistan|language=en}}</ref>

Junejo attended every session of parliament and remained accessible even after office hours in order to build ties with members of parliament who were elected on non-party basis and had their own personal power bases.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Faruqui |first=Salman |date=2024-03-24 |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF JUNEJO |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1823424 |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref> In an order issued through the Pakistan Banking Council (PBC), no bank was authorized to sanction a loan to any political office-holder without first referring the matter to him.<ref name=":5" />

The Prime Minister also had an interest in foreign relations, meeting with President [[Ronald Reagan]] in 1986,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Hamid |title=Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan |date=2017 |isbn=9780199406098 |edition=3rd |language=English}}</ref>{{Rp|page=383}} [[Rajiv Gandhi]] at the 1987 [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation|SAARC]] Summit in Kathmandu, and the [[Emperor of Japan]], [[Hirohito]] the same year.<ref name=":5" />

Junejo was in [[Skardu]] when he received word that element in [[Parliament of Pakistan|Parliament]] were mustering support to defeat the vote schedule for the June 1985 budget. The Prime Minister then spent the next two days on the phone with members of the National Assembly identifying issues in proposed tax changes which were causing problems. He then requested the finance minister to remove the most unpopular ones before the vote. The finance minister than suggested austerity measures to offset losses in taxes. Proposing to make it mandatory for members of the cabinet and civil officers who were entitled official cars to use locally assembled 1000cc Suzuki's.<ref name=":5" /> Junejo sought to implement these austerity measures in the 1987-88 Federal Budget.<ref name="Aziz">{{Cite web |last=Aziz |first=Shaikh |date=2015-10-11 |title=A leaf from history: Junejo's austerity in vain |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1211933 |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>

When Junejo made the announcement in parliament in June 1987 he added generals to the austerity list, which received widespread media coverage and editorial praise. The budget was passed.<ref name=":5" />

Junejo continued to speak publicly about reducing the perks and privileges of senior military officers, at one point threatening to remove their large staff cars and putting them in domestically produced Suzuki mini-cars. This evoked a response from (Retired) Lt. Gen. Ejaz Azim on the newspaper ''The Muslim'' on 28 June 1987, who according to Shuja Nawaz was encouraged by Zia to write an article that defended the senior leadership of the army.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=381}}

When [[Benazir Bhutto]] returned to Pakistan, Zia maintained that her supporters would not be allowed to welcome her at the airport. At a meeting in Lahore chaired by Zia, Junejo said the government should under no circumstances stop the crowds. "There is democracy in the country," Further remarking. "We cannot prevent people from gathering to receive her." Junejo managed to prevail over the President.<ref name=":5" />

In order to strengthen his own position Junejo sought to create a government party. Political parties could be officially registered from February 1986 onwards, but Junejo registered a new reconstituted [[Pakistan Muslim League (J)|Pakistan Muslim League]] (PML) a month early, linking his with the Pagaro Muslim League, becoming President of the new party, which was the only party legally allowed to hold the name '[[Muslim League (Pakistan)|Muslim League]].'<ref name=":23">{{Cite book |last=Ziring |first=Lawrence |title=Pakistan: at the crosscurrent of history |date=2005 |publisher=Manas Publ |isbn=978-81-7049-223-8 |location=New Delhi}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=191–192}} Following the response accorded to Benazir Bhutto, convinced Junejo that the party would need populist support. Its eleven-resolution manifesto published on 2 July promised economic reforms for the rural and urban poor, even of Junejo lacked the political base to do so. He gained legislative support by allowing members of the National Assembly to disburse development funds and residential plots to their own constituents.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Talbot |first=Ian |title=Pakistan: A Modern History |date=15 January 2010 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=978-0230623040 |edition=2nd |language=English}}</ref>{{Rp|page=263}}

=== Political conflict with Zia ===
{{Further|Ojhri Camp disaster|Geneva Accords (1988)}}
In 1986–87, his political relations with [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|President Zia]] began to deteriorate over the control of [[Foreign policy of Pakistan|foreign policy]]. Against Zia's wishes Junejo authorized his [[Foreign Minister of Pakistan|Foreign Minister]] [[Zain Noorani]] to ratify the [[Geneva Accords (1988)|Geneva Accords]] that allowed the [[Soviet troop withdrawal from Afghanistan|Russian retreat]] from [[Afghanistan]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lyon|first=Peter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vLwOck15eboC&pg=PA251|title=Conflict Between India and Pakistan: An Encyclopedia|date=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-712-2|language=en}}</ref> In this regard, he had held a party conference where he invited the [[Communist Party of Pakistan|Communist Party]] and [[Pakistan Peoples Party|Pakistan People's Party]] to discuss to end the bloodshed in [[Afghanistan]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Garfinkle|first1=Adam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_SOxCwAAQBAJ&q=muhammad+khan+junejo+1985+election&pg=PA503|title=Friendly Tyrants: An American Dilemma|last2=Pipes|first2=Daniel|date=1991-10-31|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-349-21676-5|pages=504|language=en}}</ref> In 1987, he provided his political support and eventually used his prerogative to appoint [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Mirza Aslam Beg]] as [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|vice-army chief]], despite President Zia wanting Lieutenant-General [[Zahid Ali Akbar]], who was instead sent to [[Defence Science and Technology Organization|DESTO]].<ref name="Oxford University Press, Kiessling">{{cite book|last1=Kiessling|first1=Hein|title=Faith, Unity, Discipline: The Inter-Service-Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=London U.K.|isbn=9781849045179|pages=320|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pIQjDgAAQBAJ&q=muhammad+khan+junejo+General+Beg&pg=PA73|access-date=1 August 2017|language=en|chapter-format=google books|chapter=Domestic Politics}}</ref>

Junejo began to assert his authority in the appointments of senior army officers and approving promotions to three and four-star ranks. He would also withhold promotions until those he wished to promote were also promoted. An example being Lt. Gen. [[Shamim Alam Khan]] who later became [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] (CJCSC), whose promotion on Junejo's insistence only came after Zia's choice Major General Pirdad Khan was also promoted. Junejo had sat on Pirdad Khan's promotion until Zia agreed to Alam's. Prior to his dismissal the latest appointments of corp commanders would also be approved by him.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|pages=383–384}} General M. Shariff was promoted to Lieutenant General and became commander of V Corps in Karachi in May 1988 by Junejo.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=441}} To replace the outgoing [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan)|VCOAS]], Zia recommended Lt. General Zahid Ali Akbar Khan, however Junejo turned down the recommendation and instead promoted Mirza Aslam Beg to the position.<ref name=":1" />

Prime Minister Junejo also stalled the fundamentalist legislation in an attempt to keep leverage on President [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia]].<ref name="Springer, Pipes & Garfinkle">{{cite book|last1=Garfinkle|first1=Adam|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_SOxCwAAQBAJ&q=muhammad+khan+junejo+1985+election&pg=PA503|title=Friendly Tyrants: An American Dilemma|last2=Pipes|first2=Daniel|date=1991|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781349216765|location=U.S.|pages=504–508|language=en|chapter=Pakistan and the United States|chapter-format=google books|access-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> Following the [[Ojhri Camp disaster|massive explosion]] near the hidden Ojhri camp facility in [[Rawalpindi Cantonment]] that resulted in more than 100 lives lost, Prime Minister Junejo announced to call for a parliamentary inquiry to overlook the incident.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Blood|first=Peter R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRMTO7mn7hIC&pg=PA280|title=Pakistan: A Country Study|date=1996|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=978-0-7881-3631-3|pages=225|language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn|Directorate|2012|p=8}} After ordering an initial inquiry under Gen Imran Ullah Khan he changed his stance over fears of cover up and constituted another committee under [[Aslam Khattak]], [[Qazi Abdul Majeed Abid]], Ibrahim Baloch and Rana Naeem. Junejo informed the media that he would present the committee's report to the National Assembly and punish those responsible. According to Salman Faruqui, this was the "final nail in the coffin" for the Zia-Junejo relationship.<ref name=":5" /> Yusuf Zaman called it the "final straw which broke the camel’s back."<ref name=":1" /> According to Ian Talbot, the investigation threatened to embarrass the ISI,<ref name=":2" />{{Rp|page=388}} General Arif also claimed that Zia's desire to exonerate former ISI director, General Akhtar Abdur Rahman would play a factor in the later dismissal of Junejo under [[Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan|Article 58(2)(b)]].<ref name=":2" />{{Rp|page=284}}

In 1986 he re-asserted civilian control over the [[Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)|Intelligence Bureau]] (IB), replacing a serving major general, Agha Nek Mohammad with police officer Mian Aslam Hayat.<ref name=":1" /> Zia was told that the Prime Minister had ordered surveillance of him, which was to be conducted by the Civilian [[Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)|Intelligence Bureau]] (IB). According to General Arif, the President ordered the head of Signal Corps to confiscate all the recording equipment of the IB following the dismissal of Junejo. This equipment would later be released without screening.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=384}} General Refaqat, the Presidents new COS was also blamed in the souring of relations between Zia ul Haq and Mohammad Junejo.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=384}}

On 28 May 1988, [[Inter-Services Public Relations|DG ISPR]] [[Brigadier]] [[Siddique Salik]] informed Prime Minister Junejo of President Zia holding the press conference the next day in this regard, terming it "very important." On 29 May 1988, President Zia appeared on [[Pakistan Television Network|PTV News]] and surprisingly announced to have dissolved the [[Parliament of Pakistan|Parliament]], using the [[Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan|Eighth Amendment]].<ref name="Ojhri">{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/Storyold/27939/|title=Ojhri disaster saw the end of Junejo govt: Report|author=Kamal Siddiqi|publisher=Indian Express|date=14 April 1998|access-date=4 May 2013}}</ref> Many investigative newspapers and political gossips pointed that it was the inquiry report on the "[[Ojhri Camp disaster]]" that implicated the military members in Zia's administration despite President Zia claiming of Junejo's Government had been dismissed because the law-and-order situation had broken down to an alarming extent and the government could not be run in accordance with the Constitution.<ref name="Muhammad Khan Junejo Becomes Prime Minister">{{cite web|title=Muhammad Khan Junejo Becomes Prime Minister|url=https://storyofpakistan.com/muhammad-khan-junejo-becomes-prime-minister|website=Story Of Pakistan|publisher=Muhammad Khan Junejo Becomes Prime Minister|access-date=1 August 2017|date=1 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Grosvenor House Publishing, Sehri">{{cite book|last1=Sehri|first1=Inam|title=Judges and Generals of Pakistan Volume – I|date=2012|publisher=Grosvenor House Publishing|isbn=9781781480434|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzllAgAAQBAJ&q=muhammad+khan+junejo+dismissed&pg=PT133|access-date=1 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>

== Later political career ==
During the [[1988 Pakistani general election|general elections]] held in 1988 his [[Pakistan Muslim League (J)|Junejo Muslim League]] joined the [[Islami Jamhoori Ittehad]] alliance.<ref name=":2" />{{Rp|page=295}} He was unsuccessful for defending his constituency but was elected for the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] [[1988 Pakistani general election|general elections]] held in 1990 and remained head of the [[Pakistan Muslim League (J)]].<ref name="Story Of Pakistan (biography)" /> During the run up to the 1990 elections, the [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] reportedly provided financing to the opponents of the [[Pakistan People's Party|Pakistan Peoples Party]]. Following a case registered by [[Asghar Khan|(Retired) Air Marshal Asghar Khan]] against Gen [[Mirza Aslam Beg|Aslam Beg]], DG-ISI [[Asad Durrani]] and Yunus Habib, Durrani produced an affidavit listing those who had received money from the ISI. A report from [[Ardeshir Cowasjee]], a newspaper columnist, based on the affidavit included Junejo, who reportedly received Rs. 2.5 million from the ISI.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=434}}

After sacking Junejo, Zia attempted to have Junejo removed as President of PML. Despite Zia's support to candidates such as Nawaz Sharif he failed to remove Junejo.<ref name=":5" /> Following the death of Junejo, Nawaz Sharif nominated himself as President of the [[Pakistan Muslim League]] on 21 March 1993.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=469}}

== Later life and death ==
In 1993, he was diagnosed with [[Leukaemia|leukemia]] and went to the [[United States]] for the treatment where he was treated at the [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]] in [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], United States, where he died the same year.<ref name=IndependentObit /> He was brought and buried in his locality.<ref name="Gallery, Khalid" />

His widow, Begum Junejo, died in [[Karachi]] on 13 July 2003, at the age of 60.<ref name=dawn>{{cite news |title=Junejo's widow laid to rest |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/111177 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |date=2003-07-14 |access-date=2019-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191125133248/https://www.dawn.com/news/111177 |archive-date=2019-11-25 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
Former [[Federal Secretary]] and Press Secretary to Junejo Syed Anwar Mahmood, writing an editorial in ''[[The News International]]'' called Junejo "honest to the marrow," who led "by example" and claimed he "never compromised" on integrity and merit. Further remarking he could not recall a democratically elected government in Pakistan governing so "fairly, cleanly and effectively," writing that its dismissal by [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia Ul Haq]] "derailed the democratic train so badly that it continues to wobble even today."<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=May 29, 1988: How and why and the continued aftershocks |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/323066-may-29-1988-how-and-why-and-the-continued-aftershocks |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref>

Journalist Shaikh Aziz called Junejo a "calm person" who never showed "high ambitions", when he was in communications with [[Ayub Khan]]. But after questioning Zia over the lifting of Martial Law he thought of becoming a "real prime minister".<ref name=":3" /> Also calling him a "thorough gentleman" and "true disciplinarian", who "possessed a reputation of unquestionable integrity."<ref name="Aziz"/>

According to Ishtiaq Ahmed, "Instead of being the pliant protégé, Junejo turned out to be a man of principles and integrity—which Zia found unacceptable."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Ishtiaq |title=Pakistan, the garrison state: origins, evolution, consequences 1947-2011 |date=2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-070244-1 |edition=This edition in Oxford Pakistan paperbacks |series=Oxford Pakistan paperbacks |location=Karachi}}</ref>{{Rp|location=General Zia's Exit}}

Salman Faruqui, a former civil servant writing in ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]'' claimed due to his farming background, Junejo was often able to foresee rough weather and gathering storms and would move accordingly. Further asserting "He had demonstrated leadership to a brutalised nation and given it some hope." Who conducted himself with "integrity and dignity, caring for the poor and downtrodden."<ref name=":5" />

Ian Talbot in ''Pakistan: A Modern History'' stated that "Even on apparently trivial matters of protocol, Junejo sought to do everything possible to raise the dignity of the Prime Minister's office."<ref name=":2" />{{Rp|page=263}}

His public image was popular in politics for his driving of [[Sky blue|blue coloured]] [[Suzuki Alto#Second generation (1984–1988)|Suzuki FX]] and, he popularly drove the [[Suzuki Alto#Second generation (1984–1988)|FX]] in [[Islamabad]] despite the annoyance of [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|President Zia]] who had a strong preference for [[Mercedes-Benz W126]].{{Sfn|Hanif|2012|p=85}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite magazine|title=Our conscience is clear: Pakistan PM Junejo - Interview|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/interview/story/19880615-india-is-backing-the-wrong-horse-in-afghanistan-pakistan-pm-junejo-797367-1988-06-15|date=15 June 1988|first=Ramindar|last=Singh|magazine=[[India Today]]}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|display=Muhammad Khan Junejo|wikt=no|c=Muhammad Khan Junejo|commonscat=yes|n=no|q=no|s=no|author=no|b=no|voy=no|v=no|d=Q559952|species=no|species_author=no|m=no|mw=no|position=right}}
*{{citation|title=Conflict between India and Pakistan: an encyclopedia|year=2008|first=Peter|last=Lyons|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781576077122}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hanif|first=Farhan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0b0epgzkrz8C&pg=PA36|title=Prime Minister of Pakistan Mohammad Khan Junejo (Volume III)|publisher=Directorate of Films & Publications, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan|year=2012|isbn=978-1136336966|orig-year=1985}}
* {{Cite book|last=Anwar|first=Muhammad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mb6OOYcrIOYC&pg=PA27|title=Pakistan: Time for Change|publisher=Ebad Baig|year=2012|isbn=978-1477250303|editor-last=Baig|editor-first=Ebad|pages=27–36}}
*{{Cite book|last=Directorate|first=Intelligence|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP06T00412R000606290001-7.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123074050/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP06T00412R000606290001-7.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 January 2017|title=Pakistan: Prospect of Junejo Government|publisher=Directorate of Intelligence|year=2012|isbn=978-1158284658|location=[[Islamabad]], [[Pakistan]]|pages=4–22}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]|years=1985–1988}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Benazir Bhutto]]}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=[[Defence Minister of Pakistan|Minister of Defence]]|years=1985–1988}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mahmoud Haroon]] Acting}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Sardar Khan Lodi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Interior (Pakistan)|Minister of the Interior]]|years=1985}}
{{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[Muhammad Aslam Khan Khattak]]}}}}
{{s-end}}
{{PakistaniPMs}}
{{Interior Minister of Pakistan}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Junejo, Muhammad Khan}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:Sindhi politicians]]
[[Category:St. Patrick's High School, Karachi alumni]]
[[Category:Pakistani anti-communists]]
[[Category:Pakistani landowners]]
[[Category:Pakistan Muslim League politicians]]
[[Category:Military government of Pakistan (1977–1988)]]
[[Category:Ministers of defence of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Interior ministers of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Prime ministers of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Deaths from leukemia in Maryland]]
[[Category:Pakistani Muslims]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1985–1988]]
[[Category:People from Mirpur Khas District]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1990–1993]]
[[Category:Pakistan Muslim League (J) politicians]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1962–1965]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1965–1969]]
[[Category:Ministers of railways of Pakistan]]
[[Category:20th-century landowners]]

Vaman Sardesai

2026-03-17T12:56:16Z

PiperByrum18: Created A Article - done

{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter and diplomat (1923–1994)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vaman Sardesai
| image = Vaman Sardesai.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Portrait of Sardesai
| birth_name = Vaman Balkrishna Naique Prataprao Sardesai<ref name="MenezesSaluteHerald23">{{Cite news |date=6 May 2023 |first=Vivek |last=Menezes |title=Salute to Vaman Sardesai |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Salute-to-Vaman-Sardesai/204660 |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=oHeraldo}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1923|5|5|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1994|5|6|1923|5|5|df=y}}<ref name="NayakGomantak23">{{Cite web |last=Nayak |first=Raju |date=2023-05-07 |title=मर्मवेध : त्याग! |url=https://dainikgomantak.esakal.com/blog/padmashri-vaman-sardesai-writer-poet-freedom-fighter-administrative-officer-ias-ambassador-of-india-to-angola-rrs99 |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=Goa News on Dainik Gomantak |language=mr}}</ref>
| birth_place = Vadi, [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]],
| death_place =
| other_names =
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Libia Lobo Sardesai]]|1964}}
| occupation =
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (1992)
}}

'''Vaman Balkrishna Naique Prataprao Sardesai''' (5 May 1923 – 6 May 1994) was an Indian poet, freedom fighter and diplomat. Along with [[Libia Lobo Sardesai]], whom he later married, he ran an [[underground radio]] station, [[Voice of Freedom (radio station)|Voice of Freedom]], that transmitted across [[Portuguese Goa]] from 1955 to 1961, advocating the cause of the [[Goan liberation movement]]. Following the [[Annexation of Goa]], he became the second editor of ''[[Goa Today]]'' magazine, and went on to become an IAS officer, serving as the Indian Ambassador to Angola. In 1992, he was awarded the [[Padma Shri]]. He has also been the co-convenor of [[INTACH]].

==Life and career==
===Early life: Education, writing and radio (1923–1954)===
Vaman Balkrishna Naique Prataprau Sardesai was born to Bhalchandra Desai on 5 May 1923 in the village of Vadi, [[Ponda taluka]], Goa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2022 |title=Vaman Balkrishna Naique Prataprau Sardesai |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?3498 |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav - Digital District Repository Detail}}</ref> Sardesai was a student of medicine at [[Escola Médica Cirúrgica de Goa]] when he was arrested in 1947 for distributing "anti-colonial literature".<ref name="MenezesHeraldLiberdade24">{{Cite web |first=Vivek |last=Menezes |date=28 April 2024 |title=LIBBY DE LIBERDADE |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Edit/By-invitation/LIBBY-DE-LIBERDADE-/220727 |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=oHeraldo}}</ref> He was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment by the Portuguese Military Tribunal.<ref name="ChadhaIEMural24">{{Cite web |first=Pavneet |last=Singh Chadha|date=18 May 2024 |title=As a mural comes up in Panaji, the muse, a 99-year-old Goan freedom fighter, looks on from her balcony |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/long-reads/panaji-mural-muse-99-year-old-goan-freedom-fighter-9337556/ |access-date=5 July 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Following his release, he moved to [[Wardha]] and spent four years at [[Gandhi]]'s [[Sevagram]] [[ashram]]. There, he worked with [[Ravindra Kelekar]] to publish [[Konkani language]] poems in their fortnightly publication ''Meerg'', writing under the [[pseudonym]] of "Abhijeet".<ref name="KamatPoetry08">{{Cite journal |last=Kamat |first=Nandkumar |author-link=Nandkumar Kamat |date=January 2005 |title=Post Independence Konkani poetry: a mini-review |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283475705 |journal=Golden Jubilee Issue of National Sahitya Akademy |via=ResearchGate}}</ref> Sardesai travelled around Nagpur to help in the magazine's success and ensured that copies would be distributed across the country. His writings displayed his strong linguistic skills. He was skilled in Konkani, [[Marathi language|Marathi]], and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] languages. Even though he left his education incomplete, he taught language subjects in important educational institutions in Panaji.<ref name="NayakGomantak23" />

Then [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], respected Goa's freedom fighters and implemented policies that allowed many poets and writers fleeing from Goa to join government service. This led to Sardesai joining the External Services Division at [[All India Radio]], [[Bombay]].<ref name="NayakGomantak23" /> As part of this, he created poems and programmes to spread awareness about "the problem of Goa" to other countries.<ref name="MenezesHeraldLiberdade24" />

===Voice of Freedom (1955–1961)===
{{Main|Voice of Freedom (radio station)}}
In 1954–55, the Portuguese attacked and killed several [[Satyagraha|Satyagrahis]] who had peacefully entered the Goan borders, demanding the end of colonial rule in Goa. Following this, India closed its borders with Goa, imposing an economic blockade, thus reducing free movement and trade. Sardesai, [[Libia Lobo]] and [[Nicolau Menezes]], a Goan freedom fighter who had been living in hiding in Bombay, came together to form a team. Using two wireless radio sets, which were confiscated the Portuguese, were converted into a radio transmitter. This grew to be the [[Voice of Freedom (radio station)|Voice of Freedom radio station]], through which Sardesai, Lobo and Menezes would transmit news and important information to Goans.<ref name="ChadhaIEMural24" /><ref name="GTVoice24">{{Cite web |date=25 May 2024 |title=At 100, Libia Lobo's voice still inspires Goans |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/news/goa/at-100-libia-lobos-voice-still-inspires-goans |access-date=5 July 2024 |website=Goa News in English on Gomantak Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Vivek |last=Menezes |date=24 December 2022 |title=Libia Lobo Sardesai's Voice of Freedom |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Libia-Lobo-Sardesai%E2%80%99s-Voice-of-Freedom/198571 |access-date=5 July 2024 |website=oHeraldo |archive-date=10 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710091944/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Libia-Lobo-Sardesai%E2%80%99s-Voice-of-Freedom/198571 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

They initially lived in the jungles of [[Amboli Ghat]], {{Approx.|{{Convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}}}} from Goa, transmitting an hour-long programme. After Menezes and his wife left, Sardesai and Lobo shifted to [[Castle Rock, Karnataka]] ({{Approx.|{{Convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}}}} from Goa).<ref name="ChadhaIEMural24" />

In the days preceding [[Operation Vijay (1961)|Operation Vijay]], Lobo and Sardesai were contacted by the [[Indian defence forces]]. On 17 December 1961, the station transmitted a direct message from then [[Defence Minister of India]], [[V. K. Krishna Menon]], requesting the Portuguese Governor General to surrender. Following the success of Operation Vijay and the [[liberation of Goa]] on 19 December 1961, Lobo and Sardesai boarded an [[Indian Air Force]] plane with a radio and loudspeaker attached to it, flying over Goa and dropping leaflets and announcing the freedom of Goa.<ref name="ChadhaIEMural24" />

===Post Liberation (1961 onwards)===
Sardesai and Lobo got married on 19 December 1964, the third anniversary of the [[Liberation of Goa]]. They had no children.<ref name="MenezesHeraldLiberdade24" />

Sardesai was among the first three senior officers from Goa to join the [[Indian Administrative Service]] and was given significant responsibilities, serving as director of various departments such as Industries, Information, Sales Tax Commissionerate, and District Collector.<ref name="NayakGomantak23" />

Sardesai became the second editor of ''[[Goa Today]]'' magazine,<ref name="deSouzaDishonourHerald08">{{Cite news |last=de Souza |first=Teotónio Rosário |author-link=Teotónio de Souza |date=12 November 2008 |title=Dishonouring Our Freedom Fighters |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279483615 |access-date=10 July 2024 |newspaper=The Herald |location=Goa |page=8 |volume=108 |issue=317}}</ref> after which he went on to serve as the Indian Ambassador to [[Angola]] from 1988 to 1991.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of India, Luanda, Angola |url=https://www.indembangola.gov.in/pages?id=mbk5e&subid=dL9we |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=Embassy Of India, Luanda, Angola}}</ref> He was also the co-convenor of [[INTACH]].<ref name="MenezesSaluteHerald23" />

==Awards==
While serving as the Indian Ambassador to Angola, Sardesai was awarded a medal by their Prime Minister for his meritorious service. In 1992, Sardesai was awarded the [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="MenezesSaluteHerald23" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sardesai, Vaman}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Angola]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Goa liberation activists]]
[[Category:Writers from Goa]]
[[Category:People from Portuguese India]]

Muhammad bin Tughluq

2026-03-16T04:13:21Z

PiperByrum18: general added structure per sources and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Sultan of Delhi from 1325 to 1351}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Muhammad bin Tughluq
| title = Fakhr al-Malik Abu al-Mujahid
| image = Muhammad bin Tughlaq crop.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Early [[Mughal painting]] of Muhammad bin Tughluq (1534)
| succession = [[List of sultans of Delhi|Sultan of Delhi]] [[Tughlaq dynasty#Rulers|Tughluq Emperor]]
| reign = 4 February 1325 – 20 March 1351
| coronation = 4 February 1325 [[Tughlaqabad Fort]]
| predecessor = [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq]]
| successor = [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]]
| regent = Khwaja-i-Jahan Ahmad Ayaz
| reg-type = [[Grand Vizier|Vizier]]
| birth_date = {{circa|1290}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], [[Delhi Sultanate]] (modern-day [[New Delhi]], India)
| birth_name = Fakhr ud-Din Jauna Khan
| death_date = 20 March {{death year and age|1351|1290}}
| death_place = [[Thatta]], [[Samma dynasty|Sindh Sultanate]] (modern-day [[Sindh]], Pakistan)
| burial_place = [[Tughlaqabad]], [[Delhi]]
| religion = [[Sunni]] [[Islam]]
| dynasty = [[Tughlaq]]
| father = [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq | Ghiyasuddin-Din Tughluq]]
| mother = Makhduma-i-Jahan
| signature = Tughra of Muhammad bin Tughluq.png
| signature_type = [[Tughra]]
}}
'''Muhammad bin Tughluq''' ({{langx|fa|{{nq|محمد بن تغلق}}}}; {{IPA|fa|mu.ham.ˈmad bin tuɣ.ˈlaq}}; 1290 – 20 March 1351), or '''Muhammad II''', also known by his [[epithets]], '''The Eccentric Prince''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tiwari |first=Shubha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kkq_zBYfeVUC&q=Muhammad+bin+Tughluq+the+failed+sultan |title=Contemporary Indian Dramatists |date=2007 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=978-81-269-0871-4 |language=en |page=75 |access-date=30 October 2023 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108105651/https://books.google.com/books?id=kkq_zBYfeVUC&q=Muhammad+bin+Tughluq+the+failed+sultan |url-status=live }}</ref> and '''The Mad Sultan''',<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Douthwaite |first1=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LU_DwAAQBAJ&q=Muhammad+bin+Tughluq+the+mad+sultan |title=The Stylistics of Landscapes, the Landscapes of Stylistics |last2=Virdis |first2=Daniela Francesca |last3=Zurru |first3=Elisabetta |year=2017 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |isbn=978-90-272-6460-2 |language=en |page=230 |access-date=30 October 2023 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108105652/https://books.google.com/books?id=5LU_DwAAQBAJ&q=Muhammad+bin+Tughluq+the+mad+sultan |url-status=live }}</ref> was the eighteenth [[List of sultans of Delhi|Sultan of Delhi]]. He reigned from February 1325 until his death in March 1351. Muhammad was the eldest son of [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq]], founder of the [[Tughlaq dynasty]].<ref name="Doulie">{{cite book|last=Douie|first=James M.
|year=1916|title=The Panjab North-West Frontier Province and Kashmir|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LBBCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA171| page=171}}</ref> In 1321, the young Muhammad was sent by his father to the [[Deccan Plateau]] to fight a military campaign against the [[Kakatiya dynasty]]. In 1323, the future sultan successfully [[Siege of Warangal, 1323|laid siege upon the Kakatiya capital]] in [[Warangal]]. This victory over King [[Prataparudra]] ended the [[Kakatiya dynasty]].<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=91–97}}</ref>

Named '''Jauna Khan''' as Crown Prince,<ref>Elliot and Dowson, Táríkh-i Fíroz Sháhí of Ziauddin Barani, [[The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians]]. The Muhammadan Period (Vol 3), London, Trübner & Co</ref> Muhammad ascended the throne of [[Delhi]] upon his father's death in 1325. Muhammad bin Tughluq had an interest in [[Medicine in the medieval Islamic world|medicine]]. He was also skilled in several languages: [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Hindustani language|Hindavi]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Sanskrit]] and [[Chagatai language|Turkic]].<ref name=":0" /> [[Ibn Battuta]], the famous traveler and jurist from Morocco, wrote in his book about his time at the Sultan's court.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Crowds and Power |last=Canetti |first=Elias |date=1984 |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |isbn=0-374-51820-3 |location=New York}}</ref> Exhibiting traits of [[paranoid personality disorder]], Muhammad was nicknamed the ''Wisest Fool.''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-18 |title=The story of the Indian Emperor who was called the ‘Wisest Fool’ |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/trending/the-story-of-the-indian-emperor-who-was-called-the-wisest-fool/photostory/107764212.cms |access-date=2025-07-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Early life==
Fakhr ud-Din Jauna Khan was born to [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq | Ghiyasuddin-Din Tughluq]], who founded the [[Tughlaq dynasty]] after taking control of the [[Delhi Sultanate]].<ref name="malik">{{cite book|title=Islam in South Asia: A Short History|author=Jamal Malik|author-link=Jamal Malik|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|year=2008|page=104|isbn=978-9004168596 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FduG_t2sxwMC&pg=PA104}}</ref> He is also known as Prince Fakhr Malik Jauna Khan, Juna Khan or Ulugh Khan.<ref>Elliot and Dowson, Táríkh-i Fíroz Sháhí of Ziauddin Barani, [[The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians]]. The Muhammadan Period (Vol. 3), London, Trübner & Co</ref> Jauna Khan remarked that he was "bound to all Indians by ties of blood and relation."<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YmQ7EAAAQBAJ&dq=jauna+khan+tied+to+all+indians&pg=PA183 |title=A History of the Sadarat in Medieval India| volume =I (Pre-Mughal Period) |author=A.D. Khan |date=2021 |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=7 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607093942/https://books.google.com/books?id=YmQ7EAAAQBAJ&dq=jauna+khan+tied+to+all+indians&pg=PA183 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Ascension ==
[[File:Muhammad Bin Tughlaq 1.jpg|thumb|Billon Tanka of Muhammad bin Tughlaq]]
Three days after the death of his father [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq|Ghiyasuddin-Din Tughlaq]], Muhammad bin Tughlaq ascended the throne of [[Tughlaq dynasty]] of [[Delhi]] on 4 February 1325.<ref name="r529">{{cite web | title= The Delhi Sultanate| url=https://ia601403.us.archive.org/19/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.118006/2015.118006.The-Delhi-Sultanate_text.pdf | publisher = Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan | author = R. C. Majumdar | date = 1960 | access-date=26 February 2025 | page = 61}}</ref> In his reign, he conquered [[Warangal]] (in present-day [[Telangana]], India), Ma'abar ([[Kayalpatnam]]) and [[Madurai]] ([[Tamil Nadu]], India), and areas up to the modern day southern tip of the Indian state of [[Karnataka]]. In the conquered territories, Tughluq created a new set of revenue officials to assess the financial aspects of the area. Their accounts helped the audit in the office of the ''[[vizier|wazir]]''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals|last=Chandra|first=Satish|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|year=1997|isbn=978-8124105221|location=New Delhi, India|pages=101–102}}</ref>

Muhammad bin Tughluq was also known for his tolerance for other religions. Several historians mention that the Sultan honored the Jain monk Jinaprabha Suri during the year 1328.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Majumdar|first=Ramesh Chandra, Majumdar A.K, Achut Dattatrya Pusalker, Dilip Kumar Ghose, Vishvanath Govind Dighe|title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultanate|edition=2nd|publisher=Bharativa Vidya Bhavan|year=1960|pages=86}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Chandramouli|first=Anuja|title=Muhammad bin Tughlaq: Tale of a Tyrant|year=2019 |publisher=Penguin eBury Press|isbn=978-0143446644}}</ref> Peter Jackson mentions that Muhammad was the only Sultan who participated in Hindu festivities.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Jackson|first=Peter|title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History (Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization)|date=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0521404770|page=293}}</ref>

== Moving of the capital ==

[[File:Map of the Delhi Sultanate.png|thumb|Map of the Delhi Sultanate under Muhammad bin Tughlaq]]

In 1327, Tughluq ordered to move his capital from Delhi to [[Daulatabad Fort|Daulatabad]] (also known as Devagiri) (in present-day [[Maharashtra]]) in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan region]] of India. Muhammad bin Tughlaq himself had spent a number of years as a prince on campaign in the southern states during the reign of his father. Daulatabad was also situated at a central place so the administration of both the north and the south could be possible.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.historydiscussion.net/biography/biography-of-muhammad-bin-tughluq-1325-1351/3044|title=Biography of Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq (1325–1351)|date=13 January 2015|website=History Discussion – Discuss Anything About History|language=en-US|access-date=17 May 2016|archive-date=15 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815234330/http://www.historydiscussion.net/biography/biography-of-muhammad-bin-tughluq-1325-1351/3044|url-status=live}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=September 2016}} These elite colonists from Delhi were [[Urdu-speaking people|Urdu-speakers]], who carried the [[Urdu language]] to the Deccan.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j2F9BgAAQBAJ&dq=colonists+dakhni&pg=PA42 |title=The Sufis of Bijapur, 1300–1700 |date=2015 |author=Richard Maxwell Eaton |publisher=Princeton University Press |page=41 |isbn=978-1-4008-6815-5 |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=7 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607093943/https://books.google.com/books?id=j2F9BgAAQBAJ&dq=colonists+dakhni&pg=PA42 |url-status=live }}</ref> These immigrants included [[Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah|Hasan Gangu]], a celebrated general who would later found the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmanid Empire]].<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=O_WNqSH4ByQC |page= 34 |title=Mediaeval Deccan History: Commemoration Volume in Honour of Purshottam Mahadeo Joshi |date= 1996 |publisher= Popular Prakashan |author1=A. Rā Kulakarṇī |author2=M. A. Nayeem |author3=Teotonio R. De Souza |isbn= 978-81-7154-579-7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9PYRAAAAYAAJ&dq=for+the+first+thirty+years+of+his+life+labourer&pg=PA15 |title= A History of the Deccan|volume= 1 |page= 16 |author= Gribble |date= 1896 |publisher= Luzac and Company |access-date= 19 March 2023 |archive-date= 10 May 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230510212646/https://books.google.com/books?id=9PYRAAAAYAAJ&dq=for+the+first+thirty+years+of+his+life+labourer&pg=PA15 |url-status= live }}</ref>

A broad road was constructed for convenience. Shady trees were planted on both sides of the road; he set up halting stations at an interval of two miles. Provisions for food and water were also made available at the stations but most of the people died during the shifting as the ruler was not able to provide them with enough food and water for their survival. Tughluq established a [[khanqah]] at each of the stations where at least one [[sufi]] saint was stationed. A regular postal service was established between Delhi and Daulatabad. In 1329, his mother also went to Daulatabad, accompanied by the nobles. By around the same year, Tughluq summoned all the slaves, nobles, servants, [[ulema]], sufis to the new capital.<ref name=":2" /> The new capital was divided into wards called ''mohalla'' with separate quarters for different people like soldiers, poets, judges, and nobles. Grants were also given by Tughluq to the immigrants. Even though the citizens migrated, they showed dissent. According to Ibn Batuta's accounts, the reason for the transfer of capital was that Tughluq shifted the capital for protection from Mongol and Afghan Invasion which was later confirmed by Historian Garner Brown. In the process, many died on the road due to hunger and exhaustion as there were not enough resources. Moreover, coins minted in Daulatabad around 1333, showed that Daulatabad was "the second capital".{{sfn|Chandra|2004|p=101}}

In 1334, there was a rebellion in [[Madurai|Mabar]], led by the North Indian Muslim soldier, [[Jalaluddin Ahsan Khan|Jalaluddin Ahsan Khan Kaithali]], a native of [[Kaithal]] in [[North India]], who founded the [[Madurai Sultanate]].<ref>{{Cite book |page=142 |author=Qanungo |title=Historical Essays |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KUIQAAAAIAAJ&q=Besides+the+above+-+mentioned+Sayyid+Hasan+Kaithali+,+Tarikh |date=1960 |quote=Sayyid Hassan Kaithali...half a dozen Hasans, each distinguished from the other by an epithet indicative either of domicile or of birth |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=7 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607093941/https://books.google.com/books?id=KUIQAAAAIAAJ&q=Besides+the+above+-+mentioned+Sayyid+Hasan+Kaithali+,+Tarikh |url-status=live }}</ref> While on his way to suppress the rebellion, there was an outbreak of [[bubonic plague]] at [[Bidar]] due to which Tughluq himself became ill, and many of his soldiers died. While he retreated back to Daulatabad, Mabar and Dwarsamudra broke away from Tughluq's control. This was followed by a revolt in [[Bengal Sultanate|Bengal]]. Fearing that the sultanate's northern borders were exposed to attacks, in 1335, he decided to shift the capital back to [[Delhi]], forcing the citizens to return to their previous city.<ref name=":2" /> This caused many more deaths.

=== Impact ===
While most of the Medieval historians, including Barani and Ibn Battuta, tend to have implied that Delhi was entirely emptied (as is famously mentioned by Barani that not a dog or cat was left), it is generally believed that this is an exaggeration. Such exaggerated accounts simply imply that [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi]] suffered a downfall in its stature and trade. Besides, it is believed that only the powerful and nobility suffered hardships if any. Two Sanskrit inscriptions dated 1327 and 1328 C.E. confirm this view and establish the prosperity of the Hindus of Delhi and its vicinity at that time.<ref name=":0" />

Although this decision was unpopular among the Muslim elite, one impact of this decision was that Islamic rule in [[Deccan]] lasted centuries longer than Delhi's own unstable authority over the south. If not for Tughlaq's creation of a Muslim elite at Daulatabad, there would have been no stable Muslim power like the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] to check the rising power of the Hindu [[Vijayanagara Empire]].<ref>{{cite book |author= P.M. Holt, Ann K.S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis |title= The Cambridge History of Islam|volume =2A |url= https://archive.org/stream/CambridgeHistoryOfIslamVol2B/Cambridge%20History%20of%20Islam%20Vol%202A#page/n31/mode/2up |publisher= Cambridge University Press |date= 1977 | page= 15}}</ref>

== Expeditions ==
After the death of [[Genghis Khan]], one line of his descendants, the [[Chagatai Khanate]], ruled over [[Turkestan|Turkistan]] and [[Transoxiana]] and another branch of [[Hulagu Khan]] conquered present day [[Iran]] and [[Iraq]].{{refn|group=note|The term [[Khurasan]] refers to a historical area in Central Asia which included the mentioned regions.}} However, at the time of Tughlaq, both of the dynasties were on the downfall, with conditions in Transoxiana unstable after the death of [[Tarmashirin]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> He was ambitious of annexing these kingdoms. He invited nobles and leaders from these regions and gave them grants. At that time many Afghan rulers gained independence and posed a significant threat to the Tughluq empire.

Tughluq raised an army of possibly up to 370,000 soldiers in 1329. [[Ziauddin Barani|Barani]] has written that Tughluq took no step to check the ability of the soldiers or the brand of horses. They were paid in one year advance, and after being kept idle for one year, Tughluq found it difficult to pay them. Therefore, he decided to disperse and dissolve the soldiers in 1329.<ref name=":2" />

In 1330, he annexed [[Munger]] to his empire from Bengal.<ref>{{Cite book |last=O'malley |first=L. S. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ONw8apR5mVYC&q=Bakhtiyar's+Conquest+of+Bihar |title=Bihar And Orissa District Gazetteers : Monghyr |date=2007 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7268-135-7 |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref> In 1333, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq led the Qarachil expedition to the [[Kumaon Kingdom|kumaon]] region of modern-day [[Uttrakhand]] in India. Historians like [[`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni|Badauni]] and [[Ferishta]] wrote that Tughluq originally wanted to cross the [[Himalayas]] and invade China. However, he faced local resistance in [[Kumaon Kingdom|Kumaon]]. Dharam Chand is [[Pahari people (Kashmir)|Pahari]] [[Rajput]] (including garhwal and some part of himachal) defeated the army of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq which was not able to fight in the hills. Nearly all his 100,000 soldiers perished and were forced to retreat.<ref name=":2" /> Under his reign [[Chittagong]] and [[Tripura (princely state)|Tipperah]] was occupied.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=Sabyasachi |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Comprehensive_History_of_Modern_Bengal.html?id=Z3GxzQEACAAJ&source=kp_book_description |title=A Comprehensive History of Modern Bengal, 1700-1950 |date=2020 |publisher=Asiatic Society |isbn=978-93-89901-95-5 |pages=40 |language=en |quote=Under Muhammad Tughluq’s reign (r. 1325–51), Chittagong and Tipperah were occupied.}}</ref>

== Death and ensuing collapse of the empire ==
Muhammad Bin Tughlaq died in 1351 on his way to [[Thatta]], [[Sindh]], while he was campaigning in [[Sindh]] against Taghi, a Turkic slave tribe. It was during his reign that the Sultanate of Delhi collapsed by twofold resistance. One was from Rajputs led by [[Hammir Singh]] of Mewar.
<ref>{{cite book |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultanate |edition=2nd |editor=R. C. Majumdar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XKVFAQAAMAAJ |year=1960 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |page=70}}</ref> and the other from [[Vijaynagar Empire|Harihara]] and [[Bukka]] of South India. While [[Rana (title)|Rana]] [[Hammir Singh]] liberated the strategic [[Rajputana]] following the victory in [[Battle of Singoli]] in 1336,<ref>{{cite book |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultanate |edition=2nd |editor=R. C. Majumdar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XKVFAQAAMAAJ |year=1960 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |page=70}}</ref> [[Vijaynagar Empire|Harihara]] and [[Bukka]] established a new empire called [[Vijayanagara Empire]], by initially defeating and later ending Madurai Sultanate that was ruling the city of Madurai and its environs of South India on behalf of Delhi Sultanate. Several other south Indian rulers like [[Musunuri Kaapaaneedu]], etc. also contributed to the downfall of the Islamic Sultanate of Delhi. To add to Tughluq's woes, his own generals rebelled against him. One of his generals, an Afghan or Turk Muslim named [[Hasan Gangu]],<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=rRxkAAAAMAAJ&q=hasan+gangu+hindu+convert |page= 3 |author= Suvorova |title= Masnavi |date= 2000 |publisher= Oxford University Press |isbn= 978-0-19-579148-8 |access-date= 19 March 2023 |archive-date= 10 April 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230410151132/https://books.google.com/books?id=rRxkAAAAMAAJ&q=hasan+gangu+hindu+convert |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Husaini (Saiyid.) |first=Abdul Qadir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJgrnbdaefEC&q=%22Hindu+tribes+of+the+punjab%22 |title=Bahman Shāh, the Founder of the Bahmani Kingdom |date=1960 |publisher=Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay |pages=59–60 |language=en |access-date=17 March 2023 |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226222928/https://books.google.com/books?id=zJgrnbdaefEC&q=%22Hindu+tribes+of+the+punjab%22 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FduG_t2sxwMC&dq=change+of+capital+to+Daulatabad(1337)+proved+to+be+the+most+important+vehicle+by+which+North+Indian+Muslim+ideas+and+institutions+crossed+the+Narmada.+The+status+of+being+a+tributary+to+the+Sultanate+was+deeply+resented+by+the+local+Muslims,+culminating+in+the+revolt+by+Deccani+nobles+led+by+Ala+al-Din+Hasan+Bahman+Shah+in+1347,+eventually+establishing+an+independent+kingdom+called+the+Bahmani+kingdom&pg=PA134 |title=Islam in South Asia |quote=change of capital to Daulatabad (1337) proved to be the most important vehicle by which North Indian Muslim ideas and institutions crossed the Narmada. The status of being a tributary to the Sultanate was deeply resented by the local Muslims, culminating in the revolt by Deccani nobles led by Ala al-Din Hasan Bahman Shah in 1347, eventually establishing an independent kingdom called the Bahmani kingdom |author=Jamal Malik |date=2008 |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=7 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607093941/https://books.google.com/books?id=FduG_t2sxwMC&dq=change+of+capital+to+Daulatabad(1337)+proved+to+be+the+most+important+vehicle+by+which+North+Indian+Muslim+ideas+and+institutions+crossed+the+Narmada.+The+status+of+being+a+tributary+to+the+Sultanate+was+deeply+resented+by+the+local+Muslims,+culminating+in+the+revolt+by+Deccani+nobles+led+by+Ala+al-Din+Hasan+Bahman+Shah+in+1347,+eventually+establishing+an+independent+kingdom+called+the+Bahmani+kingdom&pg=PA134 |url-status=live }}</ref> would go on to form the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] in the [[Deccan]] during the [[Rebellion of Ismail Mukh]].<ref>Verma, D. C. ''History of Bijapur'' (New Delhi: Kumar Brothers, 1974) p. 1</ref>

== Token currency ==
[[File: Muhammad Tughlak orders his brass coins to pass for silver, A.D. 1330.jpg|thumb|left|Muhammad-bin-Tughluq orders his brass coins to pass for silver, 1330 CE]]
[[File: Forced token currency coin of Muhammad bin Tughlak.jpg|thumb|Forced token currency coin]]
[[File:Islamic Sultanates. Dehli. Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad bin Tughluq. 1325-1351 CE.jpg|thumb|Gold coin of Ibn Tughluq in {{circa|1325–1351}}]]
Historian [[Ishwari Prasad]] writes that different coins of different shapes and sizes were produced by his mints which lacked the artistic perfection of design and finish. In 1330, after his failed expedition to [[Deogiri]], he issued token currency; that is [[coins]] of [[brass]] and [[copper]] known as [[Jital coin | jital]] and [[History of the taka | tanka]] were minted whose value was equal to that of [[gold]] and [[silver]] coins. Historian [[Ziauddin Barani]] felt that this step was taken by Tughluq as he wanted to annex all the inhabited areas of the world for which a treasury was required to pay the army. Barani had also written that the sultan's treasury had been exhausted by his action of giving rewards and gifts in gold. In the rural areas, officials like the ''[[muqaddam]]s'' paid the revenue in brass and copper coins and also used the same coins to purchase arms and horses.{{sfn|Chandra|2004|page=104}} As a result, the value of coins decreased, and, in the words of [[Satish Chandra (historian)|Satish Chandra]], the coins became "''as worthless as stones''". This also disrupted trade and commerce. The token currency had inscriptions in Persian and Arabic marking the use of new coins instead of the royal seal and so the citizens could not distinguish between the official and the forged coins. Records show that the use of token currency had stopped by 1333 as [[Ibn Battuta]] who came to [[Delhi]] in 1334, wrote a journal which made no mention of this currency.{{sfn|Chandra|2004|page=105}}
==Failure of token currency==
{{unsourced section|date=March 2026}}
During the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq (1325–1351 CE), he introduced a bold but disastrous economic experiment — the issue of token currency made of brass and copper, which were to circulate at the same value as silver coins. His idea was inspired by the Chinese practice of using token coins.

However, the plan failed badly. Since there was no strict system to control minting, people started making counterfeit coins at home using brass and copper. Soon, the market was flooded with fake coins, and the value of the new currency collapsed. Traders and common people refused to accept them, and chaos spread throughout the empire.

The contemporary historian [[Ziauddin Barani]], in his famous chronicle [[Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi]], wrote about this failure in detail. He criticized Muhammad bin Tughlaq for his impractical and hasty experiments, saying that although the Sultan was intelligent and ambitious, his policies often failed because they were poorly executed and ahead of their time.

==Religious policy==
[[File:Firman of Sultan Muhammad b. Tughlaq Shah (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Firman]] of Muhammad bin Tughluq dated Shawwal 725 AH/September–October 1325. At the very top is an invocation to God, below which is the large [[tughra]] with the ruler's name and titles.{{sfn|Blair|p=383}} [[Edmund de Unger|Keir Collection]]]]
There are conflicting views expressed by historians on his religious tolerance. While visitors Ibn Battuta, Nunez and Firishta mention that Muhammed Bin Tughlaq showed intolerance to other religions,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Sewell|first=Robert|title=A Forgotten Empire (Vijayanagar)|publisher=Swan Sonnenschen & Co|pages=12–15}}</ref> on the contrary, Peter Jackson mentions that Muhammed was the only Sultan who participated in Hindu festivities.<ref name=":3" /> Ibn Battuta mentions that the king of China (the [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan Emperor]]) had sent an embassy to Muhammad for reconstruction of a sacked temple at [[Sambhal]]. The envoys were however denied with the statement that only those living in a Muslim territory who paid the ''[[jizya]]'' could be permitted to restore a temple. [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]] had claimed that before his rule, idol-temples had been permitted to be rebuilt contrary to the Sharia.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&pg=PA288|title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|author=Peter Jackson|date=2003 |author-link=Peter Jackson (historian)|page= 288|isbn=9780521543293 }}</ref>

The contemporaneous [[Jain]] authorities attests Muhammad's cordial relations with the [[Jainism|Jains]] and further showing favour to the Jain scholars.<ref>{{cite book|author=Iqtidar Alam Khan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iGSKTttoa3IC&pg=PR17|title=Historical Dictionary of Medieval India|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2008|page=101|quote=Muhammad bin Tughlaq (1325–1351) is mentioned in Jain texts as showing favour to Jain scholars|isbn=9780810864016|access-date=12 August 2022|archive-date=3 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703062812/https://books.google.com/books?id=iGSKTttoa3IC&pg=PR17|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Personality==
[[File:Muhammad bin Tughlaq on the throne - Indian Museum, Kolkata.jpg|thumb|Muhammad bin Tughlaq on the throne - Indian Museum, Kolkata (1534).]]
Tughluq was a strict Muslim, maintaining his five prayers during a day, used to fast in Ramadan. According to 19th century CE [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] historian Stanley Lane-Poole, apparently courtesans had hailed Tughluq as a "man of knowledge" and had an interest in subjects like philosophy, medicine, mathematics, religion, Persian and Urdu/Hindustani poetry. In his "''Medieval India''", "He was perfect in the humanities of his day, a keen student of Persian poetry{{nbsp}}... a master of style, supremely eloquent in an age of rhetoric, a philosopher trained in Logic and Greek metaphysics, with whom scholars feared to argue, a mathematician and lover of science."<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Medieval India (Under Mohammadan Rule A.D 712–1764)|last=Lane-Poole|first=Stanley|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications|year=2007|isbn=978-969-35-2052-1|location=Lahore, Pakistan|pages=123–126}}</ref> Barani has written that Tughluq wanted the traditions of the ''[[nubuwwah]]'' to be followed in his kingdom.{{sfn|Chandra|2004|p=98}} Even though he did not believe in mysticism, Chandra states that he respected the [[Sufi]] saints, which is evident from the fact of his building of the mausoleum of the saint [[Nizamuddin Auliya]] at [[Nizamuddin Dargah]].{{additional citation needed|date=December 2016}} Critics have called him hasty in nature, owing to most of his experiments failing due to lack of preparation. [[Ibn Battuta]] has also written that he depended on his own judgment and rarely took advice from others and has also criticized him for his giving of excessive gifts and "harsh punishments".{{sfn|Chandra|2004|p=99}} He was famous because whenever a gift was bestowed upon him, he would give gifts worth three times the value to show his stature.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

==In popular culture==

* A ''Tughlaqi Firman'' is a term regularly used in the Politics of the Indian Sub-continent. It is generally used to criticize laws, acts or orders passed by the local, State or National Government of the day by comparing it to a Royal diktat.

* [[Tughlaq (play)|''Tughlaq'']], a [[Kannada]] play about his life was written by Indian writer [[Girish Karnad]] in 1968.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tughlaq: A historical play|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/Tughlaq-to-be-staged-at-Ranga-Shankara/articleshow/31787860.cms|accessdate=2 June 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 March 2014|archive-date=5 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105130102/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/Tughlaq-to-be-staged-at-Ranga-Shankara/articleshow/31787860.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Muhammad bin Tughluq (play)|''Muhammad bin Tughluq'']] is a 1968 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language political satire play written by [[Cho Ramaswamy]] (who also played the titular role).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=7 Dec 2016 |title=A different brand of wit |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/A-different-brand-of-wit/article16773046.ece |access-date=2020-09-13 |archive-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913051810/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/A-different-brand-of-wit/article16773046.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Muhammad bin Tughluq (1971 film)|''Muhammad bin Tughluq'']] (1971) is an Indian satirical film in Tamil based on the play by Ramaswamy.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1994-IA799|date=2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-94325-7|page=1994|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-date=1 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201180909/https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1994-IA799|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Mohammad Bin Tuglaq'', an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language film by [[B. V. Prasad]] released in 1972. It was a remake of the Tamil film.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014"/>
* ''[[Thuglak]]'' is an Indian weekly news magazine published in Tamil. It was started by Cho Ramaswamy in 1970 and was named after the emperor (who also serves as its mascot).<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/06/07/stories/2004060700430300.htm|title= Cho, what's up?|accessdate= 2008-08-25|last= Ramnarayan|first= Gowri|authorlink= |date= 7 June 2004|work= Interview|publisher= Kasturi and Sons Ltd for [[The Hindu]]|pages= |doi= |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050410175833/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/06/07/stories/2004060700430300.htm|url-status= usurped|archivedate=10 April 2005}}</ref>
* [[Doordarshan]] presented an episode with Muhammad bin Tughluq as a character in its series, ''[[Upanishad Ganga]]''.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* Tughlaq is a term still used in contemporary times to tease someone when they do something illogical or counter-intuitive.<ref>{{cite web |title=सरकार के छुट्टी रद्द करने के फैसले को अध्यापकों ने बताया गलत |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/harayana/bhiwani/news/HAR-BHI-MAT-latest-bhiwani-news-020505-1980302-NOR.html |website=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |language=hi |date=1 June 2015 |access-date=11 April 2021 |archive-date=11 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224039/https://www.bhaskar.com/harayana/bhiwani/news/HAR-BHI-MAT-latest-bhiwani-news-020505-1980302-NOR.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Indian historical fiction author [[Anuja Chandramouli]] wrote ''[[Muhammad Bin Tughlaq: Tale of a Tyrant]]'' on Tughlaq which was published by [[Penguin Random House]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-13|title=Tughlaq has taught me not to judge people harshly for the choices they have made: Anuja Chandramouli|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/tughlaq-has-taught-me-not-to-judge-people-harshly-for-the-choices-they-have-made-anuja-chandramouli/1606310/|access-date=2020-06-30|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224038/https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/tughlaq-has-taught-me-not-to-judge-people-harshly-for-the-choices-they-have-made-anuja-chandramouli/1606310/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Footnotes ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/regal-glorification-for-lord-ranganatha-at-srirangam/article4347622.ece|title=Regal glorification for Lord Ranganatha at Srirangam|first=L.|last=Renganathan|newspaper=The Hindu|date=26 January 2013|access-date=12 July 2020|via=www.thehindu.com|archive-date=22 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422050742/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/regal-glorification-for-lord-ranganatha-at-srirangam/article4347622.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
*{{Cite book |last=Blair |year=2008 |first=Sheila | author-link=Sheila Blair | title=Islamic Calligraphy |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0748612123 |ref={{SfnRef|Blair}}}}
*{{cite book|last=Elliot|first=H. M. (Henry Miers), Sir|author2=John Dowson|title=[[The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period|The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period (Vol 3.)]]|chapter=15. Táríkh-i Fíroz Sháhí, of Ziauddin Barani|year=1867 | chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924073036737#page/n107/mode/2up|publisher=London : Trübner & Co.}}
*{{cite book|title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526) – Part One|author-link=Satish Chandra (historian)|first=Satish|last=Chandra|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|isbn=9788124110645|year=2004}}
*{{cite book|title=A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century|first=Farooqui Salma |last=Ahmed|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=9788131732021|year=2011}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline}}
* {{Wikiquote-inline}}
* [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad-ibn-Tughluq Muhammad ibn Tughluq] – [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box
| before=[[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq]]
| title=[[Delhi Sultanate|Sultan of Delhi]]
| years=1325–1351
| after=[[Firuz Shah Tughluq]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tughluq, Muhammad Bin}}
[[Category:Tughluq sultans|Muhammad Bin]]
[[Category:1290s births]]
[[Category:1351 deaths]]
[[Category:14th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:People from Thatta District]]
[[Category:14th-century Indian monarchs]]

Vinay Rohrra

2026-03-15T08:49:34Z

PiperByrum18: Created A Stub - done

{{short description|Indian television actor (born 1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vinay Rohrra
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1986|3|15}}{{citation needed |date=March 2025}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = [[Actor]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Pooja Dhanwani|2012}}
| years_active = 2008 – present
| children = 1
}}
'''Vinay Rohrra'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.co.th/imgres?imgurl=https://www.tellychakkar.com/sites/www.tellychakkar.com/files/styles/display_665x429/public/images/story/2011/09/09/52.jpg?itok%3DMMd2LSq8&imgrefurl=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/lifestyle/everything-can-be-bought-money-vinay-rohrra&docid=V480V33K4Ur-WM&tbnid=wvJdkoLHDWsRzM:&vet=1&w=600&h=400&itg=1&source=sh/x/im|title=Google Image Result for https://www.tellychakkar.com/sites/www.tellychakkar.com/files/styles/display_665x429/public/images/story/2011/09/09/52.jpg?itok=MMd2LSq8|website=www.google.co.th|access-date=2020-02-29}}</ref> (born 15 March 1986) is an Indian [[television]] [[actor]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stamina is my strength: Vinay Rohrra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/stamina-is-my-strength-vinay-rohrra/articleshow/10767635.cms |access-date=2022-04-11 |work = [[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

He is known for playing the lead role of ''Ranbir'' in the television show ''[[Ranbir Rano]]'' on [[Zee TV]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranbir gets replaced! |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ranbir-gets-replaced-1216694 |access-date=2022-04-11 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> and the male lead role of Sharad on ''[[Badi Door Se Aaye Hai]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surjit Saha to re-enter SAB TV's Badi Dooooor Se |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/surjit-saha-re-enter-sab-tv-s-badi-dooooor-se-151224 |access-date=2022-04-11 |website=Tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref> Most recently, he has played Madhav Solanki in ''[[Kaatelal & Sons]]''.

==Career==
Rohrra made his television debut with ''[[Ranbir Rano]]'' as Ranbir.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-10-09 |title=The dimples are my assets: Vinay Rohrra |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/the-dimples-are-my-assets--vinay-rohrra-184506 |access-date=2022-04-11 |website=www.mid-day.com |language=en}}</ref> After that, he played the role of Bajirao in ''[[Laagi Tujhse Lagan]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vinay Rohrra gets indecent proposal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/vinay-rohrra-gets-indecent-proposal/articleshow/8046319.cms |access-date=2022-04-11 |work = [[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> and Vinod in ''[[Shubh Vivah]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vinay Rohrra recommends marriage |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/vinay-rohrra-recommends-marriage/articleshow/17635397.cms |access-date=2022-04-11 |work = [[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> He also played an episodic role of Neel in the [[anthology series]] ''[[Teri Meri Love Stories]]'' on [[Star Plus]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amit Verma and Vinay Rohrra in Playtime Creationns Telefilm |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/amit-verma-and-vinay-rohrra-in-playtime-creationns-telefilm/articleshow/15490603.cms |access-date=2022-04-11 |work = [[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> He was last seen in [[Life OK]]'s show ''[[Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava?]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-05 |title=Vinay Rohrra in Saubhagyavati Bhava? - Times Of India |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-20/tv/35204913_1_vinay-rohrra-sriti-jha-saubhagyavati-bhava |access-date=2022-04-11 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005004725/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-20/tv/35204913_1_vinay-rohrra-sriti-jha-saubhagyavati-bhava |archive-date=5 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> as Raj. He later played the lead role of Sharad Ghotala in ''[[Badi Door Se Aaye Hai]]'' on [[SAB TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhavna Khatri, Vinay Rohrra in Badi Door Se Aaye Hai - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/krystal-and-poonam-took-a-little-break-and-got-involved-in-some-self-clicking-while-ekk-nayi-pehchaan/articleshow/35152641.cms |access-date=2022-04-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Recently,{{When|date=November 2021}} he played the role of Madhav Solanki in the show ''[[Kaatelal & Sons]]''.

==Personal life==
Vinay married his longtime girlfriend, Pooja Dhanwani, in February 2012 in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vinay to tie the knot |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/vinay-to-tie-the-knot/articleshow/10018693.cms |access-date=2022-04-11 | work = [[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-12-08 |title=Vinay Rohrra and wife Pooja take a Spanish vacation |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/vinay-rohrra-and-wife-pooja-take-a-spanish-vacation-191968 |access-date=2022-04-11 |website=www.mid-day.com |language=en}}</ref> {{Citation needed span |text=The couple became parents to a baby girl on 8 January 2021. Rohrra announced the arrival of his daughter on instagram.|date=March 2025}}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable" "text-align:center;"
! Year
! Serial
! Role
! Channel
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Ranbir Rano]]''
| Ranbir
| [[Zee TV]]
|-
| 2009–2012
| ''[[Laagi Tujhse Lagan]]''
| Bajirao
| [[Colors TV]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|2012
| ''[[Shubh Vivah]]''
| Vinod
| [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony TV]]
|-
| ''[[Teri Meri Love Stories]]'' (Episode 9)
| Neil
| [[Star Plus]]
|-
| 2012–2013
| ''[[Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava?]]''
| Raj
| [[Life OK]]
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]''
| Ankur
| [[Bindass]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aanchal Munjal & Vinay Rohrra in Yeh Hai Aashiqui |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/vinay-rohrra-aanchal-munjal-yeh-hai-aashiqui-bindaas-laagi-tujhse-lagan-bade-achhe-lagte-hain/articleshow/23362566.cms |access-date=2022-04-11 |work = [[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2014–2016
| ''[[Badi Door Se Aaye Hain]]''
| Sharad Ghotala
|rowspan=4|[[Sony Sab]]
|-
|2018
|''[[Partners Trouble Ho Gayi Double]]''
|Avinash Sehgal
|-
|2020
|''[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|Tenali Rama]]''
|Abdullah
|-
|2021
|''[[Kaatelal & Sons]]''
|Madhav Solanki
|-
|2022–2023
|''[[Katha Ankahee]]''
|Aditya Garewal
|[[Sony Entertainment Television]]
|-
|2024
|''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]''
|Karan Thapar
|[[Sony Sab]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|9818937}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rohrra, Vinay}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]

Anthony Mathias Mundadan

2026-03-11T09:41:03Z

PiperByrum18: Put up new entry - done

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Anthony Mathias Mundadan
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1923|11|12}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2012|8|31|1923|11|12}}
| occupation = [[Priest]]
}}

'''A. Mathias Mundadan, C.M.I.''' of [[Alangad]] (12 November 1923 - 31 August 2012) was a priest of the [[Carmelites of Mary Immaculate]] in the [[Syro-Malabar Church]].

== Biography ==
He was born on 12 November 1923 and died on 31 August 2012. He was appointed Rector of [[Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram]] on 22 April 1975 and continued until 1981.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dharmaram - Milestones|url=http://www.dharmaram.in/milestones|accessdate=9 December 2013|archive-date=11 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211214927/http://www.dharmaram.in/milestones|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was also a historian of the Church and has authored a number of books.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rev. Dr. A. Mathias Mundadan CMI (1923-2012)|url=http://www.thecmsindia.org/mundadan.html|work=Syro Malabar Church News|accessdate=9 December 2013}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* [http://chai-online.net/ Church History Association of India]
* [http://www.indianchristianity.com/ A. Mathias Mundadan / The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mundadan, A Mathias}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Christian clergy from Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Syro-Malabar priests]]
[[Category:Carmelites of Mary Immaculate]]

{{SyroMalabar-clergy-stub}}

Maate Mahadevi

2026-03-09T04:55:21Z

PiperByrum18: Made Bio

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Maate Mahadevi
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1946|3|13}}
| birth_place = Sasalahatti, [[Chitradurga]], Mysore State, British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|3|14|1946|3|13|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], India
| education = [[Bachelor of Science]] [[Master of Arts]]
| parents = Basappa (father) Gangamma (mother)
}}
'''[[Doctor (title)|Dr]] Poojya Maate Mahadevi''' [[Master of Arts|MA]], [[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc.]](13 March 1946 – 14 March 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/150319/lingayat-seer-jagadguru-mate-mahadevi-is-dead.html|title = Lingayat seer Jagadguru Mate Mahadevi is dead|date = 15 March 2019}}</ref>) was an Indian [[wikt:spiritual|Spiritual]] leader, scholar, mystic, writer and first female ''Jagadguru'', spiritual head of the Indian [[Lingayat]] community.<ref>{{cite book |author=Werner, Karel |title=The Yogi and the mystic: studies in Indian and comparative mysticism |publisher=Curzon |location=Surrey |year=1989 |isbn=0-7007-0272-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p7J-Gy7PSSEC&q=Mate+Mahadevi}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=July–December 2009|title=The Contemporary Hindu Women of India: An Overview|journal=South Asian Studies: A Research Journal of South Asian Studies|volume=24|issue=2|pages=242–249|url=http://pu.edu.pk/csas/journal/PDF/5-Dr.%20Tahira.pdf|author=Tahira Basharat}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Following initiation in 1965 by Lingananda Swami, Maate Mahadevi began writing ''[[vachanas]]'', a form of didactic poetry. In 1966 she received her [[Jangama]] initiation as an [[ascetic]] in the Lingayat order of wandering mendicants. In 1970 she was installed as a ''jagadguru'' in the Lingayat community, the first time a woman had been placed in that position. She held the 12th century woman poet [[Akka Mahadevi]], who also wrote ''vachanas'', as her role model.<ref name="Sharma">{{cite book |author=Sharma, Arvind| author2=Young, Katherine K. |title=Feminism and World Religions |publisher=SUNY Press |location=New York |year=1999 |pages=45–46 |isbn=0-7914-4024-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fkay_WoTdHcC}}</ref><ref>[http://www.lingayathism.net/html/modules/cjaycontent/index.php?id=83 Lingayathism website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809153539/http://www.lingayathism.net/html/modules/cjaycontent/index.php?id=83 |date=2010-08-09 }}</ref>

By 1983 she had published twenty books and started an educational and religious institution called Jaganmata Akka Mahadevi Ashrama in [[Dharwad]], [[Karnataka]], whose focus is education and spiritual upliftment of girls and women. Among her many books is ''Basava Tatva Darshana'', on the life and teachings of [[Basava]], a 12th-century social reformer and philosopher who fought against the caste system.<ref name="Sharma" />

==Filmography==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Screenwriter
! scope="col" | Writer
! scope="col" | Dialogue Writer
! scope="col" | Lyrics Writer
|-
| 1983
| ''[[Kranthiyogi Basavanna]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Lingayatism topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahadevi, Mate}}
[[Category:Lingayatism]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:21st-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:20th-century Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:21st-century Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian theologians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian women religious leaders]]
[[Category:Indian religious writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian theologians]]
[[Category:Writers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:People from Dharwad]]
[[Category:Poets from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Women writers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Scholars from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Women educators from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Educators from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women poets]]

{{India-reli-bio-stub}}

Jaintia Kingdom

2026-03-05T13:08:42Z

PiperByrum18: General cleanup and improvements

{{Short description|Former kingdom in present-day North-East India}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox former country
|conventional_long_name = Jaintia Kingdom
|common_name = Jaintia Kingdom
|government_type = Monarchy
|year_start = 500
|year_end = 1835
|s1 = Company rule in India
|flag_s1 = Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg
|image_flag =
|flag_alt =
|flag =
|flag_type =
|image_coat =
|coat_alt =
|symbol =
|symbol_type =
|image_map = Bengal_gazetteer_1907.jpg
|image_map_caption = The Khasi and Jaintia Hills in the ''[[Bengal Gazetteer]]'' of 1907
|image_map_alt =
|capital = [[Jaintiapur]] (winter) [[Nartiang]] (summer)
|latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW=
|religion = [[Niamtre]] (Niam Khasi), [[Hinduism]] (royal family/elites)<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Betty |first=Laloo |date=20 July 2016 |title=Reconstructing the early Jaintia state through oral traditions |chapter-url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/217208/9/09_chapter%203.pdf |type= |chapter=EARLY JAINTIA STATE FORMATION |publisher=North-Eastern Hill University |docket= |oclc= |access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://megtourism.gov.in/dest-jaintia.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330070557/http://megtourism.gov.in/dest-jaintia.html |archive-date=30 March 2009 |title=Department of Tourism, Government of Meghalaya}}</ref>
|leader1 = Prabhat Ray Syiem Sutnga
|leader2 = Rajendra Singh Syiem Sutnga
|year_leader1 = 1500–1516 (first)
|year_leader2 = 1832–1835 (last)
|title_leader =
|footnotes =
|today= [[India]] [[Bangladesh]]
}}
[[File:Front of Jaintaswari Bari.jpg|thumb|Front view of Jaintaswari House]]
[[File:DG 150 - 11IRABOTI PANTHOSALA 116.jpg|thumb|Princess Iravati's inn]]
The '''Jaintia Kingdom''' was a kingdom in present-day some parts of [[Bangladesh]]'s [[Sylhet Division]], [[India]]'s [[Meghalaya|Meghalaya state]] and [[Nagaon district|Nagaon]], [[Morigaon district|Morigoan]] district of [[Assam]]. It was partitioned into three in 630 AD by Raja Guhak for his three sons, into the Jaintia Kingdom, [[Gour Kingdom]] and [[Laur Kingdom]]. It was annexed by the [[British East India Company]] in 1835. All the Pnar Rajahs of the Jaintia Kingdom are from the Syiem Sutnga clan, which is from a Pnar tribe which claims descent from Ka Li Dohkha, a divine nymph.

==Etymology==
One theory says that the word "Jaintia" is derived the shrine of Jayanti Devi or Jainteswari, an incarnation of the Hindu goddess [[Durga]]. Another theory says that the name is derived via [[Pnar language|Pnar]] (the language of the rulers) from ''Sutnga'', a settlement in the modern day Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya.<ref name="Souman_2004">{{cite book|author=Soumen Sen|title=Khasi-Jaintia folklore: context, discourse, and history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r6p0GXek13cC&pg=PA56|year=2004|publisher=NFSC |isbn=978-81-901481-3-9|page=56}}</ref> The [[Pnar people|Pnar]]s (also called Jaintia) and [[War language|War]], speak [[Mon-Khmer]] languages that are related to [[Khasi language|Khasi]]. But many scholars belief that the Godess Jayanti Devi was named after the people, Then later it was named after Kingdom of these Jaintia People , and in modern context due to its Cultural and Historical significance, The government of India, Recognised the Uniqueness of the Jaintia people and hence was recognised Under the Scheduled Tribes and was Given a separate district and District Council (JHADC) under the 6th Schedule and Traditional Administration was recognised in the Constitution of India, Where the Chiefs reign hand in hand with District Administration, no one can buy and register land holdings without the Chief permission.The Election of the Chief Dalloi was recorded to be the first instance of Democratic Election. Due to differences in opinions and fights over land, These Chiefs Together make a Confederacy to elect a ruler, and hence, the ruler was chosen from the Sutnga clan, the chief was very powerful and continue to ruled in the plains, so the Rajah could not get direct control over the hills, and expand towards the Sylhet and the Khasi hills was left untouched due to High terrain and cultivation and trade was more profitable in the plains than in the Hills.
[[File:Front view of jaintashori bari.jpg|thumb|Entrance to the Jaintaswari House.]]

==Extent==
[[File:Jaintaswari Bari Front Wall.jpg|thumb|Jaintaswari Front Wall]]
The Jaintia Kingdom extended from the east of the [[Shillong Plateau]] of present-day [[Meghalaya]] in north-east [[India]], into the plains to the south, and north to the [[Barak River]] valley in [[Assam]], [[India]]. The winter capital located at [[Jaintia Rajbari]], [[Jaintiapur]], now ruined, was located on the plains at the foot of the [[Jaintia Hills]]; it appears there may have been a summer capital at [[Nartiang]] in the Jaintia Hills, but little remains of it now apart from the [[Nartiang Durga Temple]] and a nearby site with many megalithic structures. Much of what is today the [[Sylhet region]] of [[Bangladesh]] and [[India]] was at one time under the jurisdiction of the Jaintia king.

==History==
[[File:Jaintiaswari Bari 6.jpg|thumb|Peculiar building in Jaintiaswari Estate.]]
[[File:Coin of Jaintia kingdom.jpg|thumb|Silver Tanka of the Jaintia kingdom, Jayantiapur mint.]]
In ancient times, [[Austroasiatic]] tribal migrations from Southeast Asia during the Holocene period to what is now known as the [[Khasi and Jaintia Hills]]. The tribe split into two; modern-day [[Khasi people|Khasi]] which was the religious class, and the modern-day [[Pnar people|Pnar]] which were the ruling class. According to the legend constructed by the [[Brahmin]] pandits, the hero of [[Hindu mythology]], [[Arjuna]] travelled to the Jaintia to regain his horse held captive by a princess, a story mentioned in a [[Purana]] or [[Hindu epic]] known as the [[Mahabharata]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Chowdhury|first=Iftekhar Ahmed|date=7 September 2018|title=Sylhetis, Assamese, 'Bongal Kheda', and the rolling thunder in the east|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/perspective/news/sylhetis-assamese-bongal-kheda-and-the-rolling-thunder-the-east-1630144|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref>

The earliest known ruler, Ka Urmi Rani, married Sindhu Rai who was the ambassador to [[Kamarupa Kingdom|Kamarupa]]. They had a daughter called Ka Urvara who married Krishak, another [[Kamarupa|Kamarupi]] ambassador. Krishak claimed he was of the [[lunar dynasty]] and descended from [[Parikshit]], as he was the offspring of a [[Bodo–Kachari people|Kachari damsel]].<ref name=back/>{{rp|96}} Other sources claim Krishak was a prince of the Tibetan kingdom of Hotik.<ref name=yang>{{cite book|title=রাজা ইয়াং : ইতিহাসের এক রহস্যময় চরিত্র|author=মোহাম্মদ আবদুল হাই|language=bn|publisher=Pothik}}</ref> Krishak changed the inheritance law from youngest daughter to eldest son. This angered the King of Kamarupa who summoned him to his land never letting him return to Jaintia hills again. After the death of his mother, Krishak's son Hatak took over the throne.

When Guhak ascended the Jaintia throne in 600 AD and married a princess from Kamarupa, just like his father Hatak. Guhak had a deep interest in [[Hinduism]] and migration of [[Brahmins]] from the [[Kamrup region]] to this area took place. On his way back, Guhak brought a stone image known as ''Kangsa-Nisudhana'', an image of [[Krishna]] and [[Balaram]] murdering [[Kamsa]], as well as Grivakali and Janghakali, and they put it on top of a hill in modern-day where they would worship it. During the British colonial period, this hill was also home to the Civil Surgeon's Bungalow.<ref name=back>{{cite book|first=Rajmohan|last=Nath|title=The back-ground of Assamese culture|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.34829/page/n187 113]|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.34829|year=1948|publisher=A. K. Nath}}</ref>

Guhak had three sons; Jayantak, Gurak and Ladduk, and two daughters; Sheela and Chatala. It is said that his eldest daughter, Sheela, was once bathing in a lake south of the Kangsa-Nisudhana hill (which became the hillock of the Civil Surgeon's Bungalow during British rule) and she was kidnapped. After being rescued by Guhak, Sheela started to become more religious and live a secluded life. Chatala indulged herself in an unlawful relationship with one of the palace servants, leading to her being disowned and dumped in a distant island in the middle of 2000 square mile lake to the south of the kingdom. After Sheela's death at a young age, Guhak gave up his kingdom to also lead a more ascetic life. This port-area around the lake, which was the largest centre in the Jaintia Kingdom for trade, was named Sheela [[haat]] (or Sheela's marketplace) in her honour. Sources such as the Hattanath Tales mention Sheelachatal was named after both daughters for the region.<ref name=fazlur>{{cite book|title=Sileṭer māṭi, Sileṭer mānush|last=Rahman|first=Fazlur|page=33|year=1991|publisher=MA Sattar}}</ref> This is one of many theories of how [[Sylhet]] got its name.<ref>see [[Names of Sylhet]]</ref> [[Xuanzang]] of [[China]] mentions that he visited Sheelachatal in the 630s in his book, the ''[[Great Tang Records on the Western Regions]]''. He split the Jaintia Kingdom into three for his three sons. He gave his eldest son, Jayantak, the northern hills which remained known as the Jaintia Kingdom. He gave his second son, Gurak, the southern plains which would be named [[Gour Kingdom]], and he gave his third son, Luddak, the western plains which would become the [[Laur Kingdom]].<ref name=pak>{{cite book|title=East Pakistan District Gazetteers: Sylhet|year=1970|publisher=East Pakistan Government Press}}</ref>

===Partitioned Jaintia===
Jayantak built his own Kamakhya Bama Jangha Pitha temple in the southeast of his kingdom on top of a hill near modern-day [[Kanaighat]]. It supposedly contained the left thigh of a Hindu goddess. He had a son called Yang who he dedicated the Phaljur area to. In modern times, there is a hill in the village of Baildara that continues to be known as Yang Rajar Tila (King Yang's hillock). The locals of this village continue to share a legend about how Yang, after being questioned for always leaving the palace by his wife, transformed his queen into a cursed bird which is still alive and inhabits the region as a sign of bad luck.<ref name=yang/>

Jayantak's heir, Joymalla is remembered as an athletic ruler. There are legends of him allowing an elephant to walk over his chest. He is said to have been killed after attempting to fight a rhinoceros. He was succeeded by his son, Mahabal, and then his grandson, Bancharu. Bancharu was interested in cultivation, and planted many trees and increased production of honey, [[tejpata]], orange and [[agarwood]]. During his reign, [[Buddhist]] merchants came to this region through Sylhet. They promoted [[Tantric Buddhism]] and Bancharu gained an interest in it. Bancharu also began the practice of sacrificing humans at Jangha Kali, which would continue for centuries in Jaintia up until British rule. Bancharu was succeeded by Kamadeva, a [[Sanskrit]] enthusiast who was close friends with Bhoja Varma Deva, a Sanskrit [[pandit]] from East Bengal. In 1090 AD, a Vijay Raghabia was composed in honour of Raja Kamadeva.<ref name=back/>

Kamadeva was succeeded by his son Bhimbal. Bhimbal could not rule properly due to insurgencies amongst the hill rulers of the region. Jaintia was defeated in a battle and Bhimbal was either murdered or fled his kingdom out of disgrace. His minister, Kedareswar Rai, took over and began the [[Brahmin]] ruling dynasty of Jaintia.

===New dynasty===
[[File:Jaintiaswari Bari 7.jpg|thumb|Stone structures in the Jaintaswari Estate.]]
In 1618, Dhan Manik conquered Dimarua leading to a war with Maibong Raja Yasho Narayan Satrudaman of the [[Kachari Kingdom]]. Dhan Manik, realising that he would need assistance, gave his daughter in hand to Raja [[Susenghphaa]] of the [[Ahom kingdom]]. The [[Ahoms]] then fought the [[Dimasa kingdom|Kachari]] allowing an easy escape for Dhan Manik and the Jaintians.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Gogoi |first=Padmeshwar |year=1968 |title=The Tai and the Tai kingdoms |publisher=Gauhati University, Guwahati |pages=333–335 |isbn=978-81-86416-80-8}}</ref>

Sometime after 1676, the Raja of Jaintia attempted to rebel against the [[Mughal Empire]]. The ''Akhbarats'' note that the Raja had gathered 1500 infantry and began plundering the nearby region and led a siege against the fort in Sylhet. In response, the Mughals sent the general, [[Shaista Khan]], the nobleman; Iradat Khan and Raja Tahawar Singh (also known as Kunwar Tahawurr Asad) of [[Kharagpur Raj]] in [[Bihar]]. Together, they were able to defeat the Jaintia Raja and bring the kingdom back under imperial control.<ref name="Ansari2019">{{cite book|author=Tahir Hussain Ansari|title=Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kUueDwAAQBAJ|date=20 June 2019|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-00-065152-2|page=36}}</ref>

===Subjugation under Ahoms===
{{Main articles|Rudra Singha|}}
In 1707, Jaintia king Ram Singh kidnapped the [[Kachari Kingdom|Kachari Raja]]. The Raja of Cachar then informed [[Ahom Kingdom|Ahom Raja]] [[Sukhrungphaa|Rudra Singh Sukhrungphaa]] which led to the [[Ahoms]] attack through North Cachar and Jaintia Hills. Jaintia was annexed to the Ahoms and its capital city, [[Jaintiapur]], was then raided by the Ahoms and thousands of innocent civilians were put to death or ears and noses were cut off. Sukhrungphaa then informed the Faujdar of Sylhet that Jaintia was under his rule and that it is him that they will trade to. However, the Ahom rule in Jaintia was weak and short-lived. The Jaintias rebelled in their own land defeating the Ahom soldiers. Ram Singh, however, died as a captive to the Ahoms and his son, Jayo Narayan took over the Jaintia Kingdom.<ref name=allen>{{cite book|title=Assam District Gazetteers|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.463814|volume=2|year=1905|location=[[Calcutta]]|author=B C Allen|publisher=[[Government of Assam]]}}</ref>

In 1757, the Nongkrem-Khynriam[[Khasi people|Khasi chief]] closed the Sonapur Duar, stopping trade between the Jaintia and Ahom kingdoms. An envoy of Jaintias assembled at [[Hajo]] where they informed the incident to Ahom Raja [[Suremphaa|Suremphaa Swargadeo Rajeswar Singh]] who re-opened it for them.<ref name=allen/>

The British came into contact with the Jaintia kingdom upon receiving the ''Diwani'' of Bengal in 1765.<ref>{{harvcol|Gurdon|1914|p=xiv}}</ref> [[Jaintiapur]], currently in [[Bangladesh]], was the capital. The kingdom extended from the hills into the plains north of the [[Barak River]]<ref>{{harvcol|Gait|1906|p=253}}</ref> Major Henniker led the first expedition to Jaintia in 1774. The quarries in their possession were the chief supplier of lime to the delta region of Bengal, but with the British, the contact was not very smooth, and they were attacked in the same year. Subsequently, the Jaintias were increasingly isolated from the plains via a system of forts as well as via regulation of 1799.<ref>{{harvcol|Gurdon|1914|pp=xiv-xv}}</ref>

===End===
In 1821, a group of Jaintias kidnapped British subjects attempting to sacrifice them to [[Kali]]. A culprit was then found by the British who admitted that it was an annual tradition which the Jaintias have been doing for 10 years. The priest would cut off the victim's throat and then the Jaintia princess would bathe in his blood. The Jaintia believed that this would bless the princess with offspring. Upon hearing this, the British threatened the Jaintia Raja that they would invade his territories if this does not stop. The Raja made an agreement in 1824 with David Scott that they will only negotiate with the British. A year later, the Jaintias attempted to continue their annual sacrifice which they had previously agreed with the British that they would stop.

After the conclusion of the [[First Anglo-Burmese War]], the British allowed the Jaintia king his rule north of the [[Surma River]].<ref>{{harvcol|Gait|1906|p=284}}</ref> The Jaintias kidnapped four British men in 1832. Three were sacrificed in the Great [[Hindu temple]] in [[Kanaighat|Faljur]], with one escaping and informing the British authorities of the atrocities.<ref name=heads>{{cite book|title=Principal Heads of the History and Statistics of the Dacca Division|chapter=Sylhet District|pages=[https://archive.org/details/principalheadsh00unkngoog/page/n294 281]–326|url=https://archive.org/details/principalheadsh00unkngoog|year=1868|location=[[Calcutta]]|author=E M Lewis|publisher=Calcutta Central Press Company}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.168776|author=William Wilson Hunter|author-link=William Wilson Hunter|year=1886|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.168776/page/n188 164]|publisher=Trübner & Company}}</ref> After the Jaintia Raja declined to find the culprits, the British finally marched to the Jaintia Kingdom and annexed it on 15 March 1835<ref>{{harvcol|Gait|1906|p=302}}</ref> The king was handed over his property in Sylhet along with a monthly salary of Rs 500. The British administered the plain areas directly and the hill region indirectly via a system of fifteen ''dolois'' and four ''sardars''. The fifteen administrators were free to adjudicate on all but the most heinous crimes.

Jaintia continued to exist though divided into ''[[pargana]]'' or fiscal division, within greater Sylhet such as the ''Jaintia Puriraj'' (Jaintiapuri Raj) pargana, ''[[Jaflong|Japhlang]]'' pargana, ''Chairkata'' pargana and ''Phaljur'' pargana. Puriraj had an area of 59.15 square metres and had a land revenue of £325 of 1875. Phaljur was 51.84 sqm and had a land revenue of £301. Chairkata was 37.88 square metres, consisted of 749 estates and land revenue of £276. Japhlang was 40.07 square metres, 342 estates and £279 land revenue.<ref name=hunter>{{cite book|title=A Statistical Account of Assam|volume=2|chapter=District of Sylhet: Administrative History|year=1875|author=Hunter, William Wilson|author-link=William Wilson Hunter|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.174379/page/n339/mode/2up/}}</ref>

==Rulers==
{{History of Bengal}}
===Old dynasty (??-630)===
#Urmi Rani (?-550)
#Krishak Pator (550-570)
#Hatak (570-600)
#Guhak (600-630)

===Partitioned Jaintia (630-1120)===
#Jayanta (630-660)
#Joymalla (660-?)
#Mahabal (?)
#Bancharu (?-1100)
#Kamadeva (1100-1120)
#Bhimbal (1120)

===Brahmin dynasty (1120-??)===
#Kedareshwar Rai (1120-1130)
#Dhaneshwar Rai (1130-1150)
#Kandarpa Rai (1150-1170)
#Manik Rai (1170-1193)
#Jayanta Rai (1193-1210)
#Jayanti Devi
#Bara Gossain

===New dynasty (1500-1835)===
#Prabhat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1500–1516)
#Maju-Gohain Syiem Sutnga (1516–1532)
#Burha Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1532–1548)
#Borgohain Syiem Sutnga I (1548–1564)
#Bijay Manik Syiem Sutnga (1564–1580)
#Pratap Ray Syiem Sutnga (1580–1596)
#Dhan Manik Syiem Sutnga (1596–1612)
#Jasa Manik Syiem Sutnga (1612–1625)
#Sundar Ray Syiem Sutnga (1625–1636)
#Chota Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1636–1647)
#Jasamanta Ray Syiem Sutnga (1647–1660)
#Ban Singh Syiem Sutnga (1660–1669)
#Pratap Singh Syiem Sutnga (1669–1678)
#Lakshmi Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1678–1694)
#Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga I (1694–1708)
#Jay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1708–1731)
#Borgohain Syiem Sutnga II (1731–1770)
#Chattra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1770–1780)
#Yatra Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1780-1785)
#Bijay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1785–1786)
#Lakshmi Singh Syiem Sutnga (1786-1790)
#Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga II (1790–1832)
#Rajendra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1832–1835)

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Gait
| first = Edward A
| title = A Historyof Assam
| date = 1906
| location = Calcutta
| isbn = 9780404168193
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GvcRAAAAYAAJ
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Gurdon
| first = Philips Richards Thornhugh
| title = The Khasis
| publisher = Macmillan & Co.
| date = 1914
| location = London
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=g3wkAAAAMAAJ
}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Kingdoms of Assam]]
[[Category:History of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:1500 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:2nd millennium in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Medieval Indian monarchies]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1835]]

Dharmaveer 2

2026-03-04T09:33:14Z

PiperByrum18: Creating First Entry Initial Version.

{{Short description|2024 biographical film by Pravin Tarde}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dharmaveer 2
| image = Dharmaveer 2 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| based_on = [[Anand Dighe]]
| director = [[Pravin Tarde]]
| writer = [[Pravin Tarde]]
| producer = Mangesh Desai & Umesh Bansal
| starring = {{ubl|[[Prasad Oak]]|Kshitish Date}}
| cinematography = [[Mahesh Limaye]]
| editing = [[Mayur Hardas]]
| music =
| studio = [[Zee Studios]] Sahil Motion Arts
| distributor = [[Zee Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|09|27}}
| runtime = 160 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| budget = {{INR|8 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Payal |date=2024-10-17 |title='धर्मवीर'समोर फ्लॉप ठरला 'धर्मवीर २'; नाही चालली चित्रपटाची जादू; बॉक्स ऑफिसवर एकूण किती केलं कलेक्शन? वाचा आकडा |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/dharmaveer-2-box-office-collection-know-how-much-movie-earned-in-19-days-psn14 |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr}}</ref>
| gross = {{estimation}}{{INR|15.50
crore}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
}}

'''''Dharmaveer 2''''' is a 2024 [[India]]n [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[biographical]] [[political drama]] film<ref>{{cite news |title=Bobby Deol, Maharashtra CM Eknath Shinde unveil poster of 'Dharmaveer 2' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bobby-deol-maharashtra-cm-eknath-shinde-unveil-poster-of-dharmaveer-2/article68354421.ece |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=1 July 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref> written and directed by [[Pravin Tarde]]. It is produced by Umesh Bansal and Mangesh Desai under the banners of [[Zee Studios]] and Sahil Motion Arts.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |title='Dharmaveer 2': Mangesh Desai announces a sequel to the biopic of late Shiv Sena leader Anand Dighe |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/dharmaveer-2-mangesh-desai-announces-the-sequel-on-the-biopic-of-late-shiv-sena-leader-anand-dighe/articleshow/102563544.cms |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=19 July 2024 |title=BREAKING: Salman Khan, Kartik Aaryan, Kriti Sanon to come together for Dharmaveer 2's trailer launch |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-salman-khan-kartik-aaryan-kriti-sanon-come-together-dharmaveer-2s-trailer-launch/ |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref> The film stars [[Prasad Oak]]<ref>{{cite news |title='Dharmaveer 2': Prasad Oak starrer is all set to hit screens on August 9, 2024; teaser out! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/dharmaveer-2-prasad-oak-starrer-is-all-set-to-hit-screens-on-august-9-2024-teaser-out/articleshow/111634811.cms |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=10 July 2024}}</ref> and Kshitish Date in the lead roles. It is a sequel to the 2022 film ''[[Dharmaveer]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title='धर्मवीर-२' चित्रपटात आता 'ती' चूक दिसणार नाही; निर्माते मंगेश देसाईंचा खुलासा; म्हणाले, "माझी माफीदेखील…" |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/dharmaveer-2-mistake-in-teaser-will-remove-from-the-film-said-by-producer-mangesh-desai-dvr-99-4479072/ |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=[[Loksatta]] |date=13 July 2024 |language=mr}}</ref>

The film was originally scheduled to release in theatres on 9 August 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dharmaveer 2 Trailer Released: Prasad Oak Brings Anand Dighe Back to the Screen with Powerful Dialogues |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/entertainment/dharmaveer-2-trailer-released-prasad-oak-brings-anand-dighe-back-to-the-screen-with-powerful-dialogues-a507/ |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=[[Lokmat Times]] |date=20 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref> But due to heavy rains in [[Maharashtra]], the release was postponed to 27 September 2024.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=Marathi Film Dharmaveer 2 Release Postponed Due To Heavy Rains In Maharashtra |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/marathi-film-dharmaveer-2-release-postponed-due-to-heavy-rains-in-maharashtra-8981077.html |access-date=29 July 2024 |work=[[News18]] |date=27 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=शिकलगार |first=स्वालिया न |date=2024-08-03 |title=Dharmaveer - 2 {{!}}प्रतीक्षा करा! यादिवशी येतोय चित्रपट "धर्मवीर - २" |url=https://pudhari.news/soneri/dharmaveer-2-movie-release-date |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=[[Pudhari]] |language=mr}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Prasad Oak]] as [[Anand Dighe]]
* Kshitish Date as [[Eknath Shinde]]
* Vijay Nikam as Mo. Da. Joshi
* Snehal Tarde as Anita Birje
* Makarand Padhye as [[Bal Thackeray|Balasaheb Thackeray]]
* Amit Jadhav as [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI Officer]]
* Anand Ingale as [[Shahajibapu Patil]]
* [[Abhijeet Khandkekar]] as [[Dadaji Bhuse|Dada Bhuse]]
* Kedar Soman as [[Uday Samant]]
* Abhijit Thite as [[Shambhuraj Desai]]
* [[Uday Sabnis]] as [[Sandipanrao Bhumre]]
* Sachin Narkar as [[Pratap Sarnaik]]
* Suhas Lakhan as [[Ravindra Phatak]]
* Sunil Tawde as [[Bharatshet Gogawale]]
* Sham Mashalkar as [[Milind Narvekar]]
* [[Hrishikesh Joshi]] as [[Dnyanraj Chougule]]
* Jagdish Chavan as Madan Kadam
* [[Pravin Tarde]] as Inspector Sahebrao Patkar
* Ramesh Pardeshi as Hemant Pawar
* Devendra Gaikwad as Aatmaram Thorat
* Jaywant Wadkar as Hawaldar
* Aniruddha Dindorkar as Prakash Gupte
* Digambar Naik
* [[Hardeek Joshi]]
* [[Sharad Ponkshe]] as himself
* [[Eknath Shinde]] as himself (Cameo)

==Plot==
Dharamveer 2 continues the saga by delving into the life of [[Anand Dighe]]. This dynamic and emotionally charged journey explores the untold aspects of the charismatic leader's life and his profound impact on ordinary people. The film offers a captivating perspective on present-day politics and its intriguing connections to the past.

==Production==

In January 2023, the success of ''[[Dharmaveer]]'', the producer Mangesh Desai later said that its story is incomplete, hence another part will be made.<ref>{{cite news |title='Anand Dighe's story can't be contained in one film': Makers of 'Dharmaveer' announce a sequel |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/anand-dighe-film-dharmaveer-sequel-maharashtra-8352652/ |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=30 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref> After this, in August 2023, officially announced the making of sequel.<ref name=":0" /> The shooting started in December 2023 in [[Thane]].<ref>{{cite news |title='Dharmaveer 2': Prasad Oak kick-starts shooting for his sequel- Watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/dharmaveer-2-prasad-oak-kick-starts-shooting-for-his-sequel-watch/articleshow/106295990.cms |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=26 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=27 November 2023 |title=Eknath Shinde : धर्मवीर-2 चित्रपटाच्या शूटिंगचा ठाण्यात शुभारंभ, दिग्दर्शन प्रवीण तरडेंचंच |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/videos/news/maharashtra-eknath-shinde-dharamveer-2-movie-shooting-started-in-thane-directed-by-praveen-tarde-1232384 |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Chal Karu Tayari<ref>{{cite news |title=Dharmaveer 2 unveils soul-stirring new song 'Chal Karu Tayari' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-dharmaveer-2-unveils-soul-stirring-new-song-chal-karu-tayari-3097046 |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=[[DNA India]] |language=en}}</ref>
| length1 = 02:40
| lyrics1 = Prasad Biware
| extra1 = [[Vishal Dadlani]] & [[Bela Shende]]
| title2 = Asa Ha Dharmaveer
| length2 = 4:41
| lyrics2 = Vishwajit Joshi
| extra2 = [[Sukhwinder Singh]]
| title3 = chal karu Taiyari
| length3 = 4:35
| lyrics3 = [[Avinash-Vishwajeet]]
| extra3 = [[Vishal Dadlani]] & [[Bela Shende]]
| title4 = Aali Shivsena
| length4 = 3:44
| lyrics4 = Mangesh kangane
| extra4 = [[Adarsh Shinde]] & [[Avinash-Vishwajeet]]
| title5 = Jagel Anand Maza
| length5 = 6:45
| lyrics5 = Mangesh kangane
| extra5 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]] & Chinar-Mahesh
| title6 = Jagel Anand Maza - Reprise
| length6 = 6:45
| lyrics6 = Mangesh kangane
| extra6 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]] & Chinar-Mahesh
}}

==Release==
=== Marketing ===
On 30 June 2024, an event was held in [[Mumbai]] where [[Maharashtra]] Chief Minister [[Eknath Shinde]] and [[Bobby Deol]]<ref>{{cite news |date=1 July 2024 |title=Dharmaveer 2 poster unveiled by CM Eknath Shinde and Bobby Deol |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bollywood/dharmaveer-2-poster-unveiled-by-cm-eknath-shinde-and-bobby-deol-1503315491.html |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |language=en}}</ref> unveiled the poster.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 July 2024 |title=Bobby Deol and CM Eknath Shinde launch poster of Dharmaveer 2 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/bobby-deol-cm-eknath-shinde-launch-poster-dharmaveer-2/ |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shinde completes two years in office, releases Dharmaveer 2 film poster taunting Uddhav |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/shinde-completes-two-years-in-office-releases-dharmaveer-2-film-poster-taunting-uddhav-101719774697742.html |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

The teaser was released on 9 July 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Dharmaveer 2' teaser hints at a gripping story of heroism and revenge |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/dharmaveer-2-teaser-hints-at-a-gripping-story-of-heroism-and-revenge-3098175 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> The trailer of the film was released on 20 July 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Salman Khan does a little dance as he hugs Govinda at trailer launch event of Dharmaveer 2, greets Jeetendra too. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/salman-khan-does-a-little-dance-as-he-hugs-govinda-at-trailer-launch-event-of-dharmaveer-2-greets-jeetendra-too-watch-101721525090169.html |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

The trailer launch event was attended by Maharashtra Chief Minister [[Eknath Shinde]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Mumbai: CM Eknath Shinde Praises Late Anand Dighe At Trailer Launch Of 'Dharmveer 2 |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-cm-eknath-shinde-praises-late-anand-dighe-at-trailer-launch-of-dharmveer-2 |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=[[Free Press Journal]] |language=en}}</ref> along with Bollywood actors [[Salman Khan]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Salman Khan does a little dance with Govinda at Dharmaveer 2 trailer launch, fan says 'waiting for Partner 2'. Watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/salman-khan-does-a-little-dance-with-govinda-at-dharmaveer-2-trailer-launch-fan-says-waiting-for-partner-2-watch-9466279/ |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=21 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref> [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Salman Khan shares a warm hug with Govinda and Jeetendra as he attends trailer launch of 'Dharamveer 2' - WATCH video |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/salman-khan-shares-a-warm-hug-with-govinda-and-jeetendra-as-he-attends-trailer-launch-of-dharamveer-2-watch-video/articleshow/111891224.cms |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 July 2024}}</ref> [[Jeetendra]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Salman Khan Hugs Jeetendra At Dharamveer 2 Trailer Launch; Watch Viral Video |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/salman-khan-hugs-govinda-jeetendra-at-dharamveer-2-trailer-launch-watch-viral-video-8973041.html |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=[[News18]] |date=20 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref> [[Jackky Bhagnani]] and his wife actress [[Rakul Preet Singh]].<ref>{{cite news |date=20 July 2024 |title=Photos: Salman Khan, Rakul Preet Singh, Jackky Bhagnani and others grace the trailer launch of Dharmaveer 2 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/photos-rakul-preet-singh-jackky-bhagnani-amruta-khanvilkar-others-grace-trailer-launch-dharmaveer-2/ |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Theatrical ===
The film was scheduled to be released on 9 August 2024 in Marathi, along with a dubbed version in [[Hindi]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bose |first1=Mrityunjay |title='Dharmaveer 2', sequel to film based on life of late politician & social worker Anand Dighe to be released in August |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/dharmaveer-2-sequel-to-film-based-on-life-of-late-politician-social-worker-anand-dighe-to-be-released-in-august-3100081 |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> However, due to rain, the release was postponed to 27 September 2024.<ref name=":1" />

=== Home media ===
The streaming rights for the film were acquired by [[ZEE5]] and it started streaming on the platform on 25 October 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-25 |title='धर्मवीर २' OTTवर झाला प्रदर्शित, कुठे पाहता येणार चित्रपट? जाणून घ्या |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/ott/dharmaveer-2-released-on-ott-prasad-oak-pravin-tarde-kshitij-date-film-hrc-97-4671967/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marathi |first=TV9 |date=2024-10-25 |title='धर्मवीर २' सिनेमा घरबसल्या येणार पाहता, पण कसा आणि कुठे? जाणून घ्या |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/dharmaveer-2-released-on-ott-platform-zee5-anand-dighe-prasad-oak-pravin-tarde-kshitij-date-1290774.html |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>

==Box office==
Dharmaveer 2 earned ₹1.92 crore on its opening day.<ref>{{Cite web |title='धर्मवीर 2' की 'नवरा माझा नवसाचा 2', पहिल्या दिवशी कोण ठरलं कोणावर भारी? |url=https://news18marathi.com/photogallery/entertainment/dharmaveer-2-day-one-box-office-collection-less-than-navra-maja-navsacha-is-1-crore-92-lakh-mhmg-1252673.html |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=news18marathi.com |language=mr}}</ref> The film collected {{INR|7.65 crore}} in its opening weekend.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-30 |title=Dharmaveer 2 Weekend Box Office Collections: Prasad Oak led political-drama registers BIGGEST opening for a Marathi film in 2024 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/dharmaveer-2-weekend-box-office-collections-prasad-oak-led-political-drama-registers-biggest-opening-for-a-marathi-film-in-2024-1351083 |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>

The film grossed ₹15.5–15.47 crore in its final theatrical run.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Maskar |first=Shreya |date=2024-10-27 |title=Dharmaveer 2 : धर्मवीर २ OTT वर; घरबसल्या पाहा 'साहेबांच्या हिंदुत्वाची गोष्ट', कुठे बघता येणार सिनेमा? |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/marathi-movie-dharmaveer-2-ott-release-update-streaming-on-zee5-prasad-oak-kshitij-date-pravin-tarde-sm2000 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=Saam TV |language=mr}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Medhe |first=Jaydeep |date=2024-10-27 |title=बॉक्स ऑफिसवर दणका उडवला, आता 'धर्मवीर 2' घरबसल्या पाहता येणार, 'या' OTT प्लॅटफॉर्मवर झालाय रिलि |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/entertainment-marathi-film-after-box-office-success-dharamveer-2-now-available-on-this-ott-platform-1322271 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}
*''[https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/dharmaveer-2-mukkam-post-thane/0-0-1z5642681 Dharmaveer 2]'' on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:2020s political drama films]]
[[Category:2024 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language political drama films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language biographical films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian political drama films]]
[[Category:Biographical films about politicians]]
[[Category:Films based on Marathi people]]
[[Category:Films set in Maharashtra]]

Mahanagar@Kolkata

2026-03-04T00:24:43Z

PiperByrum18: Made New Data

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mahanagar@Kolkata
| image = Mahanagar@Kolkata poster.png
| alt = Mahanagar@Kolkata poster
| caption =
| director = [[Suman Mukhopadhyay]]
| producer =
| writer = [[Nabarun Bhattacharya]]
| based_on = {{based on| i) ''Ek Tukro Nyloner Dori'', ii) ''Amar Kono Bhoy Nei Toh'' and iii) ''Angshik Chandragrahan''|Nabarun Bhattacharya}}
| narrator =
| starring = [[Anjan Dutt]] [[Sreelekha Mitra]] [[Rituparna Sengupta]] Arun Mukherjee
| music =
| cinematography = Indranil Mukherjee
| editing = [[Arghyakamal Mitra]]
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2010}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Mahanagar@Kolkata''''' is a 2010 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film directed by [[Suman Mukhopadhyay]].<ref name="Mahanagar@Kolkata review TOI">{{cite news|title=Mahanagar@Kolkata review|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/bengali/movie-reviews/MahanagarKolkata/movie-review/6015169.cms|accessdate=25 August 2012|newspaper=Times of India|date=5 June 2010}}</ref> The film is based on three stories of [[Nabarun Bhattacharya]].<ref name=ANV>{{cite web|title=Mahanagar@Kolkata|url=http://www.artnewsnviews.com/view-article.php?article=mahanagar-kolkata&iid=7&articleid=151|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101140442/http://www.artnewsnviews.com/view-article.php?article=mahanagar-kolkata&iid=7&articleid=151|url-status=usurped|archive-date=1 November 2011|publisher=Artsnewsviews|accessdate=25 August 2012}}</ref><ref name="Mahanagar@Kolkata review Upperstal">{{cite web|title=Mahanagar@Kolkata review|url=http://www.upperstall.com/films/2010/mahanagarkolkata|publisher=Upperstal|accessdate=25 August 2012}}</ref> The film was screened in Munich film festivals.<ref name="Film based on Kolkata to be screened at Munich film fest">{{cite news|title=Film based on Kolkata to be screened at Munich film fest|date=6 June 2010|author=PTI|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/73757/film-based-kolkata-screened-munich.html|accessdate=8 October 2018|newspaper=Deccan Herald}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Director Suman Mukhopadhyay has strung three stories of Nabarun Bhattacharya ''Ek Tukro Nyloner Dori'', ''Amar Kono Bhoy Nei Toh'' and ''Angshik Chandragrahan'' to create this film. The story of the film revolves around the people and their life of [[Kolkata]] metropolitan city.<ref name="Mahanagar@Kolkata review TOI" /> The film explores the different worlds of Manmatha, Jagadish, Biren, Rohit, Rangili and Kamalini. Manmatha and Jagadish belong to different economic and social class. Biren is jobless. Rohit is an NRI, Rangili is wife of Rohit. Rohit has a relationship with Kamalini, another woman.<ref name="Mahanagar@Kolkata review Upperstal" />

== Cast ==
* [[Anjan Dutt]] as Manmatha
* [[Sreelekha Mitra]] as Kamalini
* Arun Mukherjee as Biren
* [[Chandan Roy Sanyal]] as Rohit
* [[Rituparna Sengupta]] as Rongili

==Awards==
'''2009 [[National Film Awards]]'''
* Won - [[National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Silver Lotus Award - Best Male Playback Singer]] - [[Rupam Islam]] for the song "Ei To Ami"

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|1543284}}
* {{Official website|http://www.sumanmukhopadhyay.com/html/mahanagar.asp|Mahanagar@Kolkata at Suman Mukhopadhyay's official website}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahanagar at Kolkata}}
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:2010 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Films directed by Suman Mukhopadhyay]]

Prem Shastra

2026-03-03T23:41:51Z

PiperByrum18: Starting!

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Prem Shastra
| image = Prem Shastra.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Poster
| director = [[B. R. Ishara]]
| producer = Amarjeet
| writer = B. R. Ishara
| starring = [[Dev Anand]] [[Zeenat Aman]] [[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
| cinematography = [[Faredoon Irani]]
| editing = I. M. Kunnu
| studio = Nalanda Pictures
| distributor = Nalanda Pictures
| released = {{Film date|1974}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Prem Shastra''''' ({{Translation|Love Scriptures}}) is a 1974 Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written and directed by [[B. R. Ishara]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |author2=Paul Willemen |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|publisher=Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1998|page=633|url=https://chasingcinema.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/text.pdf}}</ref> The film stars [[Dev Anand]], [[Zeenat Aman]] and [[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]].<ref name="BFTPHindu">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/prem-shastra-1974/article8310028.ece | title=Prem Shastra (1974) | work=The Hindu | first=Ranjan Das | last=Gupta | date=3 March 2016 | access-date=21 June 2017 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621162354/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/prem-shastra-1974/article8310028.ece | archivedate=21 June 2017 | url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Sagar Sharma (Dev Anand) is a popular author and a favourite among women. During one of his trips to a location to gather inspiration for a plot for his next novel, he autographs one of his previous novels for an admirer called Barkha (Zeenat Aman). Sagar and Barkha fall in love and begin an intimate relationship. Later due to the pressures he faces in his life, Sagar requests Barkha to forget him. Diwan (Asit Sen), who publishes Sagar's novels, informs him that one of his best-sellers was receiving backlashes as it focused on an affair between a father and a daughter, and that it has led many women activists to ask for a ban on the book. Unperturbed, Sagar decides to defy them by moving to court, if necessary.

Sagar returns home and Neelima (Bindu), his wife who is a drunk and spoiled. Both are not in love with each other. Suddenly, Barkha, who is pregnant, visits Nilu. Nilu introduces her to Sagar as her sister. Sagar visits his gynaecologist, who informs him that Barkha is preparing for an abortion. Sagar visits Barkha and requests her not to undergo an abortion. It is revealed that Nilu blackmailed Sagar into marry her. The two then argue, during which Neelima says Barkha is Sagar’s elder brother’s (Abhi Bhattacharya) daughter. A desperate Sagar visits his elder brother to discover Neelima had lied. The climax develops with flashbacks of Neelima’s past when she was Miss India in 1951. She had affairs with three rich people, of which she marries Rajan Arora (Rehman). Desperate to ruin Sagar and Barkha's relationship, Neelima even appoints a hardcore criminal, Lallan (Anwar Hussain), to kill them. A gripping court room climax reveals the truth and Sagar is united with Barkha.

== Cast ==
*[[Dev Anand]] as Sagar Sharma
*[[Zeenat Aman]] as Barkha Arora (Suman)
*[[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]] as Neelima Sharma
*[[I. S. Johar]] as Malhotra
*[[Abhi Bhattacharya]] as Sagar’s elder brother
*[[Asit Sen (actor)|Asit Sen]] as Diwan
*[[Anwar Hussain (actor)|Anwar Hussain]] as Lallan
*[[Rehman (actor)|Rehman]] as Rajan Arora
*[[Anju Mahendru]] as Barkha Arora
*David as Anthony D'Souza

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Prem Shastra
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1974
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre =
| length =
| label =
| producer = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
}}

The music was composed by [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]] while [[Anand Bakshi]] wrote the lyrics.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/prem_shastra.htm | title=Prem Shastra (1974) | publisher=Hindigeetmala.net | accessdate=24 June 2017 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702100736/http://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/prem_shastra.htm | archivedate=2 July 2017 | url-status=live}}</ref> On the album, film critic Suresh Kohli of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that the songs by [[Kishore Kumar]] and [[Asha Bhosle]] were "mediocre". He found the title background score to be "memorable".<ref name="BFTPHindu"/>

{{track listing
| all_music = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
| all_lyrics = [[Anand Bakshi]]
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Mai Sharab Pee Raha Hoon
| extra1 = [[Kishore Kumar]]
| length1 = 2:23
| title2 = Mujhe Pyaar Kar
| extra2 = Kishore Kumar, [[Asha Bhosle]]
| length2 = 4:18
| title3 = Naam Hamara Mashur Ho Gaya
| extra3 = Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle
| length3 = 2:54
| title4 = Mein Hu Dekhne Ki Cheez Mujhe Baar Baar Dekh
| extra4 = Asha Bhosle
| length4 = 3:27
| title5 = Tip Tip, Tip
| extra5 = Asha Bhosle
| length5 = 3:48
}}

== Reception ==
Kohli wrote that if the film was "scripted and filmed sans the sexual angles would have surely hit the bull’s eye at the box office."<ref name="BFTPHindu"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0230657|Prem Shastra}}
* ''[https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/prem-shastra-2/cast/ Prem Shastra]'' at [[Bollywood Hungama]]
* ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6HFzQ9aADA Prem Shastra Full Film]'' on [[YouTube]]
{{Portal bar|Bollywood|Film|India}}

[[Category:1974 films]]
[[Category:1974 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1974 Indian films]]
[[Category:1970s musical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian musical drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by B. R. Ishara]]
[[Category:1974 drama films]]
[[Category:1974 musical films]]

Kahi (film)

2026-03-03T21:26:21Z

PiperByrum18: Adding the details added tags

{{Short description|2016 Kannada-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kahi
| image = Kahi film poster.jpg
| caption = Official poster
| director = [[Arvind Sastry]]
| writer = Arvind Sastry
| producer = Rekha Venkatesh Nagasheela Prakash
| starring = [[Suraj Gowda]]
| cinematography = C. K. Vinyas R S Prashanth
| editing = Arvind Sastry
| music =[[Midhun Mukundan]]
| studio = Boiled Beans Picture
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2016|11|4}}
| runtime = 94 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}
'''''Kahi''''' ({{Translation|Bitter}}) is a 2016 Indian Kannada-language [[thriller drama film]] directed by [[Arvind Sastry]] and starring newcomers. The songs of the film gained media recognition prior to its release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2016 |title=Melody, one page at a time |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Melody-one-page-at-a-time/article16959374.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815132236/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Melody-one-page-at-a-time/article16959374.ece |archive-date=15 August 2022 |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> The film won the [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Karnataka State Film Award Winners for 2016 |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/karnataka-state-film-award-winners-for-2016/articleshow/58130032.cms| publisher=Times Of India |date=11 April 2017}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{no plot|date=September 2022}}

== Cast ==
*[[Suraj Gowda]] as Raghu
* Harisharva as Hari
*Mathangi Prasan
*[[Krishi Thapanda]]
* Aravind Iyer as Ravi

== Reception ==
Sunayana Suresh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "The film manages to entertain, provided you aren't the typical cinematic audience that wants stories laced with the romance-song-dance-fight routines".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suresh |first=Sunayana |title=Kahi Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kahi/movie-review/55242896.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=15 August 2022 |archive-date=8 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108192353/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kahi/movie-review/55242896.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Shyam Prasad of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' said that "''Kahi'' (bitter) is a commendable attempt by newcomers that furthers the 'new wave' of Kannada films.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie Review: Kahi |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-kahi/articleshow/55250385.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107170906/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-kahi/articleshow/55250385.cms |archive-date=2022-01-07 |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref> On the contrary, a critic from ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that "You are left with more questions than answers at the end of Kahi. And like the protagonists, you too are being asked to survive the bitter pill".<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2016 |title=Kahi: Too bitter to swallow |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Kahi-Too-bitter-to-swallow/article16437468.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815132237/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Kahi-Too-bitter-to-swallow/article16437468.ece |archive-date=August 15, 2022 |access-date=August 15, 2022 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> Rakesh Mehar of ''[[The News Minute]]'' opined that "Not all of the film's narrative jumps and juxtapositions work well enough, and there are portions that could have done with more finesse. But to see such a narrative attempt coming out of Kannada cinema is indeed a welcome surprise".<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2016 |title=Review: 'Kahi' weaves strong narratives into a surprisingly good ensemble film |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/review-kahi-weaves-strong-narratives-surprisingly-good-ensemble-film-52423 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421134110/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/review-kahi-weaves-strong-narratives-surprisingly-good-ensemble-film-52423 |archive-date=21 April 2021 |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=The News Minute}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|6178546}}

[[Category:2016 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2016 Indian films]]
[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]

Anna (1994 film)

2026-03-03T18:17:48Z

PiperByrum18: brief cleaned up details for consistency further and cleaned formatting

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Anna
| native_name = అన్న
| image =
| director = [[Muthyala Subbaiah]]
| producer = Pokuri Babu Rao
| writer =
| based_on =
| starring = [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]] [[Gautami]] [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] Master [[Baladitya (actor)|Baladitya]]
| cinematography =
| music = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| distributor =
| studio =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| runtime = 136 min
| budget = 
| gross = 
| released = {{Film date|1994|04|07|df=y}}
}}

'''''Anna''''' ({{translation|Elder Brother}}) is 1994 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action film]] directed by [[Muthyala Subbaiah]] and produced by Pokuri Babu Rao. The film stars [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]], [[Gautami]], [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] and [[Baladitya (actor)|Master Baladitya]]. The music was composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]]. The film premiered at the 1995 [[International Indian Film Academy|IIFA]] Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm26IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=26IIFA.pdf |title=Directorate of Film Festival |access-date=28 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415011350/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm26IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=26IIFA.pdf |archive-date=15 April 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film won four [[Nandi Awards]] & one [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Award]]. The film was remade in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Bhai (1997 film)|Bhai]]'' in 1997 and in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Nammanna]]'' in 2005.

==Plot==
The film is about a man who tries to tackle the evils of society and bring peace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/950701/03/3026a.html|title=Disappointing year for Telugu cinema|page=26|work=[[The Hindu]]|last=Narasimham|first=M. L.|date=20 June 1995|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961222223335/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/950701/03/3026a.html|archive-date=22 December 1996}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]] as Komaranna
*[[Gautami]] as Sarada
*[[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] as Chandi
*[[Baladitya (actor)|Master Baladitya]] as Chinna
*[[Brahmanandam]]
* Sirisha Jasti
*[[M. Balaiah]]
*[[Pradeep Shakthi]] as Police Inspector
*[[Narra Venkateswara Rao]]
*[[Gollapudi Maruthi Rao]]
*[[Suthivelu]]
*[[Devaraj]]

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Anna
| type = film
| artist = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Film date|1994}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 28:49
| label = Anand Audio
| producer = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| prev_title = [[Allari Premikudu]]
| prev_year = 1994
| next_title = [[Swathi (1994 film)|Swathi]]
| next_year = 1994
}}

The music was composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]] and released by the Akash Audio Company. It is now owned by Aananda Audio Video.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anna |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/anna/,8feBVxQ5sI_ |access-date=14 November 2020 |website=www.jiosaavn.com}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 27:47
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Guru Guru Pitta
| lyrics1 = [[Jaladi Raja Rao]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length1 = 5:04

| title2 = Kalaganna Kalyanama
| lyrics2 = [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| extra2 = K. S. Chithra
| length2 = 4:43

| title3 = Ammamma Debba
| lyrics3 = Adrushta Deepak
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| length3 = 4:01

| title4 = Arere Endiranna
| lyrics4 = Jaladi Raja Rao
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| length4 = 5:14

| title5 = Sambhavami Yuge Yuge
| lyrics5 = Jaladi Raja Rao
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length5 = 4:25

| title6 = Ayyo Rama
| lyrics6 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| length6 = 5:04
}}

==Awards==
;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu]] - [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]]<ref>[https://archive.org/download/42ndAnnualFilmfaresouthawardsTeluguMalayalamwinners/IMG_20161006_074048%5B1%5D.jpg Image of winners]</ref>

;[[Nandi Awards]] -1994 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
*[[Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] - [[Brahmanandam]]
*[[Nandi Award for Best Child Actor|Best Child Actor]] - [[Baladitya (actor)|Y. S. Adithya]]
*[[Nandi Award for Best Dialogue Writer|Best Dialogue writer]] - [[M. V. S. Haranatha Rao]]
*[[Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] - [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{IMDb title|1579729}}
{{Muthyala Subbaiah}}

[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. M. Keeravani]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:1994 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1994 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Muthyala Subbaiah]]
[[Category:1994 action films]]

{{1990s-Telugu-film-stub}}

Happy Ending (2014 film)

2026-03-02T09:33:24Z

PiperByrum18: Adding some page w/ infobox!

{{short description|2014 Hindi romantic comedy film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Happy Ending
| image = Happy_Ending_2014_Hindi_film_poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Raj Nidimoru and Krishna D.K.|Raj and D.K.]]
| producer = {{Unbulleted list|[[Saif Ali Khan]] | [[Dinesh Vijan]] | Sunil Lulla}}
| writer = '''Story and Screenplay:''' Raj Nidimoru Sita Menon Krishna D.K. '''Dialogues:''' [[Hussain Dalal]]
| narrator = Saif Ali Khan
| starring = {{Unbulleted list | [[Saif Ali Khan]] | [[Ileana D'Cruz]] |[[Kalki Koechlin]] | [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] | [[Preity Zinta]] | [[Ranvir Shorey]] }}
| music = [[Sachin–Jigar]]
| cinematography = {{Unbulleted list | [[Chase Bowman]] | [[Yaron Levy]] | [[Mahesh Limaye]]}}
| editing = {{Unbulleted list | Arindam S. Ghatak | [[Akiv Ali]]}}
| studio = [[Illuminati Films]]
| distributor = [[Eros International]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2014|11|21|}}
| runtime = 136 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}570 million<ref name="BOI Report">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2410 |title=Happy Ending – Movie – Worldwide Gross |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=18 November 2016}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}380 million<ref name="BOI Report"/>
}}

'''''Happy Ending''''' is a 2014 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film written and directed by [[Raj Nidimoru and Krishna D.K.]] The film is produced by [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Dinesh Vijan]] and Sunil Lulla under [[Illuminati Films]]<ref name="autogenerated1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130815030447/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-12/news-interviews/41331956_1_kareena-kapoor-saif-ali-khan-goa-gone ‘Happy Ending’ for Kareena Kapoor and Saif Ali Khan?] ''The Times of India''. 12 August 2013</ref> and stars Khan, [[Ileana D'Cruz]], [[Kalki Koechlin]], [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]], and [[Ranvir Shorey]] with [[Preity Zinta]] in an extended cameo appearance.<ref>{{cite news |title=Preity and Kareena to play Saif's ex-lover in 'Happy Ending' |url=http://www.patrika.com/article/preity-and-kareena-to-play-saifs-ex-lover-in-happy-ending/48214 |access-date=4 August 2014 |work=Patrika Group |issue=4 August 2014}}</ref> The film was released on 21 November 2014 to mixed to positive reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/happy-ending-trailer-saif-pulls-castle-govinda-sums-bollywoods-mantra-1751347.html |title=Happy Ending trailer: Saif pulls a Castle, Govinda sums up Bollywood's mantra. ''Firstpost'' |date=11 October 2014}}</ref>

==Plot==
Writer Yudi ([[Saif Ali Khan]]) wrote a hit book five and a half years ago and is still living life king-size in [[Los Angeles]], enjoying fame and affairs, avoiding commitment, doing no work, partying with his miserably married friend Montu ([[Ranvir Shorey]]) or having conversations with his fat, bearded inner voice brother Yogi (also Saif). Suddenly, Yudi's money runs out and his publishers dump him for hit romance novelist Aanchal ([[Ileana D'Cruz]]), visiting from Mumbai.

The only work Yudi now gets is from Bollywood single-screen superstar Armaan ([[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]]) who insists he copy Hollywood films and write a multiplex-style romantic comedy. Meanwhile, Yudi's dentist and once-girlfriend Vishakha ([[Kalki Koechlin]]) is pursuing him obsessively, even loading videos of him singing in the shower on her laptop, forcing Yudi and Montu to break into her home when she's away. On top of this, Yudi's got severe [[writer's block]], stopping him from finishing any work.

Running away from it all, Yudi tries to charm Aanchal but she's commitment-averse too. However, she gradually warms up to him, escorting him to Armaan's party, trying to help Yudi write, and even agreeing to take a road trip with him to her book reading in San Francisco.

Eventually reaching [[San Francisco]], the couple is forced to share a hotel room – and after agreeing to keep it simple and commitment-free, they end up making love. Their relationship grows funnier – on Aanchal's last night in LA, they argue over dinner, Yudi throws her phone into a vase while she douses him with water – but neither expresses anything more than a sense of light fun. It's only when Yudi's ex-girlfriend Divya ([[Priety Zinta]]), having argued with her husband and visiting Yudi with her kids, tells him he loves Aanchal that he admits it to himself.

Yudi then races Aanchal's taxi to the airport in a hilarious scene and tells her his feelings, but she expresses her wish to remain friends with him. As she leaves, Yudi sinks into depression, and then starts to write. Along the way, Vishakha gets engaged to a panic-stricken Yudi by falsely claiming she's pregnant – but then breaks it off, saying she doesn't want him to marry her out of pity.

Armaan, who has meanwhile gotten himself cosmetic surgery and six-pack abs in LA, is impressed with the 'kick-ass' script Yudi presents him. However, for the script's ending, Yudi goes to Mumbai and sees Aanchal where he tells her they can take it one day at a time – and perhaps live their whole lives together like that. Aanchal smiles and the happy ending begins.

==Cast==
* [[Saif Ali Khan]] as Yudi Jaitley/Yogi
* [[Ileana D'Cruz]] as Aanchal Reddy
* [[Kalki Koechlin]] as Vishakha Singh
* [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] as Armaan Malik
* [[Preity Zinta]] as Divya, Yudi's ex-girlfriend (extended cameo appearance)
* [[Ranvir Shorey]] as Montu Irani
* [[Rahul Nath]] as Gary
* [[Shivani Tanksale]] as Gauri
* [[Kareena Kapoor Khan]] as June Pinto, Yudi's ex-girlfriend (cameo appearance)

==Production==
Some parts of the film were shot in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]].<ref name="autogenerated1" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://annarbor.com/entertainment/bollywood-film-a-happy-endingwriters-block-still-filming-in-ann-arbor-area/ |title=Bollywood movie 'A Happy Ending/Writer's Block' still filming in Ann Arbor area. annarbor.com}}</ref>

Saif Ali Khan makes a guest appearance despite playing the lead role, a rare instance in film. Yudi is the leading character and he plays Yogi in the cameo.<ref>Roshmila Bhattacharya (9 October 2014) [http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Saif-a-guest-in-his-own-film/articleshow/44723906.cms Saif, a guest in his own film]. ''Mumbai Mirror''.</ref>
Ileana D'Cruz's boyfriend Andrew Kneebone is making a guest appearance although he is not an actor.<ref>Ankur Pathak (20 October 2014) [http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Was-fun-shooting-with-Andrew/articleshow/44883009.cms ‘Was fun shooting with Andrew’]. ''Mumbai Mirror''.</ref>
[[Kareena Kapoor Khan]] and [[Preity Zinta]] also make guest appearances in the film.

==Soundtrack==
The music of the film is composed by the duo [[Sachin–Jigar]] while lyrics are penned by [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]], [[Priya Saraiya]], and Ashish Pandit. The song "Paaji Tussi Such a Pussy Cat" was released as a single prior to the film's audio launch. The song "Jaise Mera Tu" is reused from the song "Meher Meher" from the Telugu film ''[[D for Dopidi]]'', also composed by Sachin–Jigar.

{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Mileya Mileya
| extra1 = [[Rekha Bhardwaj]], [[Jigar Saraiya]], Priya Andrews
| length1 = 4:26
| title2 = Paaji Tussi Such a Pussy Cat
| extra2 = [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]], [[Jigar Saraiya]], [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]]
| length2 = 3:40
| title3 = Jaise Mera Tu
| extra3 = [[Arijit Singh]], [[Priya Saraiya]]
| length3 = 4:16
| title4 = G Phaad Ke
| extra4 = [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]], [[Bilal Saeed]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
| length4 = 3:13
| title5 = Khamma Ghani
| extra5 = [[Papon (Assamese singer)|Papon]], Smita Nair Jain, Vidhi Mehta
| length5 = 4:30
| title6 = Haseena Tu Kameena Main
| extra6 = [[Siddharth Basrur]], [[Rahul Pandey (Singer)|Rahul Pandey]], [[Shruti Pathak]]
| length6 = 4:07
}}

== Awards and nominations ==
* [[Stardust Award for Best Supporting Actor]] - Govinda
* Nominated – [[Screen Awards|Star Screen Award]] for Best Comic Actor - Govinda{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}
* Nominated – [[Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards|Producers Guild Awards]] for Best Comic Actor - Govinda{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|happy-ending}}

{{Raj and DK}}

[[Category:2014 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about screenwriters]]
[[Category:Films shot in Michigan]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2010s buddy comedy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Raj Nidimoru and Krishna D.K.]]

Mohi – Ek Khwab Ke Khilne Ki Kahani

2026-03-01T12:26:22Z

PiperByrum18: Made A Details

{{short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Mohi.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| creator = Anuradha Sarin
| based_on =
| writer = [[Robin Bhatt]]
| director = Manish om singhania
| creative_director =
| starring = [[Vinita Joshi Thakkar]] [[Karan Sharma (TV actor)|Karan Sharma]] Rishima Roshlani
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 210
| producer = Anuradha Sarin R. Satish Kumar
| location = [[Pune]] [[Mumbai]]
| cinematography =
| editor = Masih Habib
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = Approx 22 Minutes
| company = White Horse Productions
| first_aired = {{Start date|2015|08|10|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2016|02|27|df=yes}}
| channel = [[Star Plus]]
| related = {{ubl|[[Ishti Kutum]]|[[Neelakkuyil (TV series)|Neelakkuyil]]|[[Neelakuyil (TV series)|Neelakuyil]]}}
}}

'''''Mohi – Ek Khwab Ke Khilne Ki Kahani''''' is an Indian television series which premiered on 10 August 2015 on [[Star Plus]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.asianage.com/tv/veera-go-air-next-month-798|title=Veera to go off air next month|newspaper=[[The Asian Age]]|date=17 July 2015|accessdate=4 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/television/star-plus-mohi-to-go-live-on-aug-10-78582.html|title=Star Plus' 'Mohi' to go live on Aug 10|date=2015-07-28|website=The Statesman|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-19}}</ref> The series is the [[Hindi]] remake of [[Star Jalsha]]'s series ''[[Ishti Kutum]]''. The show stars [[Vinita Joshi]] and [[Karan Sharma (TV actor)|Karan Sharma]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Asha-Negi-exits-TV-show-after-Wasna-Ahmed/articleshow/46582970.cms|title=Asha Negi exits TV show, after Wasna Ahmed - Times of India ►|website=The Times of India|date=10 April 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-19}}</ref> The show went off air on 27 February 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi//photostory/41696417.cms|title=TV shows that are going off air|date=2015-10-19|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-19}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The story of the show is about a young tribal girl named Mohi. Ayush is forced to marry Mohi during his visit to her remote village. After, life takes a sharp turn for Mohi when she comes to the big city. Ayush introduces her as the maidservant to the family as his family, unaware of his wedding to Mohi, continue planning his wedding with his girlfriend.

==Cast==
* [[Vinita Joshi]] as Mohi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Vinita-Joshi-lead-actor-of-Mohi-quits-show/articleshow/49922504.cms|title=Vinita Joshi, lead actor of 'Mohi', quits show - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=26 November 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-19}}</ref>
* [[Karan Sharma (TV actor)|Karan Sharma]] as Ayush Madhur Gokhle<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Karan-Sharma-attacked-by-goons-while-shooting/articleshow/46850973.cms|title=Karan Sharma attacked by goons while shooting|date=9 April 2015|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=19 April 2015}}</ref>
* Rishma Roshlani as Anusha Gokhle<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rishma-is-the-final-choice-for-Mohi/articleshow/47458041.cms|title=Rishma is the final choice for 'Mohi' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=29 May 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Nikita-Sharma-bags-Asha-Negis-role/articleshow/46825170.cms|title=Nikita Sharma bags Asha Negi's role - Times of India ►|website=The Times of India|date=8 April 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Asha-Negi-exits-TV-show-after-Wasna-Ahmed/articleshow/46582970.cms|title=Asha Negi exits TV show, after Wasna Ahmed - Times of India ►|website=The Times of India|date=10 April 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-19}}</ref>
* [[Shishir Sharma]] as Doctor Vinay Dixit
*Gauri Tonk as Rekha Dixit<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Gouri-Tonnk-to-pair-with-Rakesh-Kukreti-again/articleshow/47000000.cms|title=Gouri Tonnk to pair with Rakesh Kukreti again - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=22 April 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Gouri-Tonnk-gets-compared-to-Tabu/articleshow/48776363.cms|title=Gouri Tonnk gets compared to Tabu! - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=2 September 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/anisha-hinduja-replace-gauri-tonk-star-plus-mohi-151208|title=Anisha Hinduja to replace Gauri Tonk in Star Plus' Mohi|last=Team|first=Tellychakkar|website=Tellychakkar.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-19}}</ref>
* [[Shailesh Dattar]] as Manohar Gokhle
* [[Shubhangi Latkar]] as Sushila Manohar Gokhle
* [[Nivedita Bhattacharya]] as Mahua
*Nakul Tiwadi as Kapil

==Reception==
[[4 Lions Films]] producer [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]] remade the series again as ''[[Imlie]]'' in 2020 for StarPlus stating, "I know you have heard and seen this before, many times, but we’ll play it more real."<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=A new love story Imlie to replace Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka starring Sumbul Touqeer, Gashmeer Mahajani and Mayuri Deshmukh|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/one-more-love-story-but-this-one-has-no-villains/amp_articleshow/78917266.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210124134708/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/one-more-love-story-but-this-one-has-no-villains/amp_articleshow/78917266.cms|archive-date=24 January 2021|access-date=|website=[[Mumbai Mirror]]}}</ref> While ''Mohi'' could not garner good viewership, ''Imlie'' airing in a prime slot 8:30 pm became one of the top viewed Hindi GEC.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bengali TV Shows are Providing Material For National Channels Via Remakes|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bengali-tv-shows-are-providing-material-for-national-channels-via-remakes-3616628.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408172154if_/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bengali-tv-shows-are-providing-material-for-national-channels-via-remakes-3616628.html|archive-date=8 April 2021|website=[[CNN News18]]|date=8 April 2021 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.hotstar.com/tv/mohiek-khwaab-ke-khilne-ki-kahaani/4998 Mohi - Ek Khwaab Ke Khilne Ki Kahaani] Streaming On [[Hotstar]]
{{Star Plus Shows}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohi (TV series)}}
[[Category:2015 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:StarPlus original programming]]
[[Category:2016 Indian television series endings]]

Kishore Lulla

2026-02-27T09:09:36Z

PiperByrum18: Adding some page w/ infobox!

{{Short description|Indian film producer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kishore Lulla
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1961|09|04}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], Maharashtra, [[India]]
| years_active = 1980–present
| alma_mater = [[Government Law College, Mumbai]]
| organization = {{Ubl
| [[Eros International plc]]
| [[B4U (network)|B4U]]
}} Eros Innoavtion
www.erosinnovation.com
}}

'''Kishore Lulla''' is an Indian [[businessman]] who is the founder and chairman of Eros Innovation and the executive director of [[Eros Media World]] (formerly [[Eros International|Eros International Plc]]), the first Indian media & entertainment company to be listed on [[New York Stock Exchange]] and also the first to be delisted in 2021.<ref name=Board>{{cite web |url= https://erosmediaworld.com/board-of-directors-eros/ |work= Eros Media World |title= Eros Media World PLC - Board of Directors |access-date= 9 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-18 |title=Eros Media World Plc Receives Notice of Delisting From NYSE, Intends To Appeal The Staff Determination |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220817005812/en/Eros-Media-World-Plc-Receives-Notice-of-Delisting-From-NYSE-Intends-To-Appeal-The-Staff-Determination |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=www.businesswire.com |language=en}}</ref>

His brother Sunil Lulla is the executive director at Eros International Media Limited, which is listed on the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] and was barred by the [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Sahyaja |date=2023-08-22 |title=Eros International Case: SAT Refuses To Interfere With SEBI's Interim Order |url=https://www.bqprime.com/markets/eros-international-case-sat-refuses-to-interfere-with-sebis-interim-order |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=BQ Prime |language=en}}</ref> He is also chairman of Eros Investments, a holding company for his investments.<ref name="ucla.edu">{{cite web|url=http://www.tft.ucla.edu/about/executive-board/kishore-lulla/|title=Kishore Lulla{{Snd}} UCLA School of TFT|website=Tft.ucla.edu|accessdate=10 September 2017|archive-date=16 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816135756/http://www.tft.ucla.edu/about/executive-board/kishore-lulla/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="indiainfoline.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/article/research-leader-speak/mr.-kishore-lulla-group-executive-chairman-eros-international-media-ltd.-20577942_1.html|title=Mr. Kishore Lulla, Group Executive Chairman, Eros International Media Ltd.|last=indiainfoline.com|website=Indiainfoline.com|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bollywood-distributor-eros-raise-965-717928|title=Bollywood Distributor Eros to Raise $96.5 Million Via Stock Sale|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=11 July 2014|first=Nyay|last=Bhushan|accessdate=22 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.erosinvest.com/ |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=EROS Investments |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Early life==
Lulla graduated with a bachelor's degree in arts from [[Mumbai University]]. He also attended the School of Business and Law at the [[Government Law College, Mumbai]].<ref name="ucla.edu"/>

==Career==
===Eros International===
Lulla has held the position of director at [[Eros Media World|Eros Media World Plc]] (formerly known as [[Eros International|Eros International Plc]]) since 2005. He resigned in 2022 as the Executive Director of Eros International Media Limited since the 28 September 2009, the company listed in BSE as well as NSE stock exchanges.<ref name="bloomberg.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks|title=Stocks|website=Bloomberg.com|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/eros-international-media-ltd/ipos/companyid-32234.cms|title=Eros International Media IPO{{Snd}} The Economic Times|website=Economictimes.indiatimes.com|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref>
As [[Executive chairman]] of the Eros Group<ref name="indiainfoline.com"/> Kishore, started working for Eros when he was 16. He teamed with his father and went to UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.growthbusiness.co.uk/media-mogul-kishore-lulla-646916/|title=Media mogul: Kishore Lulla|date=24 September 2008|website=Growthbusiness.co.uk|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref> He has expanded and popularized [[Bollywood]] films in U.K. U.S. and the Middle East and entered newer markets like Latin America, South Korea and America under Lulla Bollywood films.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Asia |first1=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesasia/2014/04/30/kishore-lulla-brings-light-to-bollywood/2/#24e8f16b7bb9|title=Kishore Lulla Brings Light to Bollywood|website=Forbes.com|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref>

=== Eros Investments ===
Eros Investments has recently established collaborations with an artificial intelligence firm, Stability.ai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stability.ai and Eros Investments announce strategic partnership in the Deep Tech AI Sector By CIOTechOutlook Team |url=https://www.ciotechoutlook.com/news/stabilityai-and-eros-investments-announce-strategic-partnership-in-the-deep-tech-ai-sector-nid-9223-cid-127.html |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=www.ciotechoutlook.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cai |first=Kenrick |title=The AI Founder Taking Credit For Stable Diffusion's Success Has A History Of Exaggeration |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrickcai/2023/06/04/stable-diffusion-emad-mostaque-stability-ai-exaggeration/ |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Additionally, they have revealed plans to develop blockchain enterprises in Dubai and have announced a strategic partnership with the [[Dubai World Trade Centre]] Authority.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-10 |title=Eros Investments partners with Dubai's digital asset regulator |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/eros-investments-partners-with-dubais-digital-asset-regulator-2022-05-10/ |access-date=2023-09-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETBrandEquity.com |title=In Metaverse push, Eros Investments partners with Dubai World Trade Centre Authority – ET BrandEquity |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/digital/in-metaverse-push-eros-investments-partners-with-dubai-world-trade-centre-authority/91493123 |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=ETBrandEquity.com |language=en}}</ref> Kishore's daughter, Ridhima Lulla, launched a virtual universe called Immerso.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-26 |title=Eros Investments Launches IMMERSO, a Global Web 3.0 Metaverse Project |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220926005167/en/Eros-Investments-Launches-IMMERSO-a-Global-Web-3.0-Metaverse-Project |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=www.businesswire.com |language=en}}</ref> Eros Investments also acquired a 90% stake in DRM company, Ent Global, with plans to let creators and fans to interact directly to purchase, sell and trade various digital assets.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Laghate |first=Gaurav |date=2022-09-06 |title=Eros Investments acquires 90% in DRM company ENT Global |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/eros-investments-acquires-90-in-drm-company-ent-global/articleshow/94033175.cms |access-date=2023-09-05 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

===Contributions to Bollywood===
He is the founder of Eros Innovation Bollywood For You ([[B4U (network)|B4U]]), a music and entertainment platform. [[B4U Movies]] was the first 24-hour Bollywood digital satellite and pay TV channel on the British [[BSkyB]] platform.<ref name="bloomberg.com"/> In 2000, ''[[The Economist]]'' discussed Lulla's goal of globalizing Bollywood.

===Other contributions ===
Kishore is a member of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. He is also a member of the Young presidents' Organization and also a board member of the University of California, Los Angeles Film School.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}

In 2010, Kishore Lulla and his family set up the Eros Foundation for the education of children and worked to bring equality for women in workplace.<ref name="avstv.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.avstv.com/kishore-lulla-executive-chairman-eros-international-honored-by-asia-society-southern-california/|title=Kishore Lulla, Executive Chairman, Eros International, honored by Asia Society Southern California{{Snd}} AVSTV{{Snd}} bollywood and Hollywood latest News, Movies, Songs, Videos & Photos|website=Avstv.com|date=26 June 2015|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
=== Awards ===
* Lulla received the Entertainment Visionary Award by the [[Asia Society]] of Southern California for promoting [[Indian cinema]].<ref name="avstv.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/news/business/kishore-lulla-wins-asian-biz-award-07-264718.html|title=Kishore Lulla wins Asian Biz Award '07|website=News18.com|date=9 May 2007|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="ucla.edu"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/three-indian-companies-in-forbes-asias-2017-best-under-a-billion-list/47691/1|title=Three Indian companies in Forbes Asia's 2017 'Best under a Billion' list – Forbes India|website=Forbes India|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref>
* Asian Business Awards 2007<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-kishore-lulla-wins-asian-business-award-2007-1095639|title=Kishore Lulla wins Asian Business Award 2007|date=9 May 2007}}</ref>
* Global Citizenship Award 2014 by the American Jewish Committee<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/global/eros-chief-kishore-lulla-receives-global-citizenship-award/article_aacc5466-66b8-11e4-ab54-33f55765b198.html |title=Eros Chief Kishore Lulla Receives Global Citizenship Award – India West: Global |website=www.indiawest.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114003453/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/global/eros-chief-kishore-lulla-receives-global-citizenship-award/article_aacc5466-66b8-11e4-ab54-33f55765b198.html |archive-date=2014-11-14}}</ref>

=== Honours ===
*As per The Sunday Times rich list released in 2011, Kishore Lulla was among the richest Indian with a net worth of 240 million pounds and with a family fortune of 206 million pounds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businesstoday.in/opinion/interviews/kishore-lulla-eros-interview/story/22386.html|title=Eros' Kishore Lulla on Bollywood's future- Business News|website=Businesstoday.in|date=13 February 2012 |accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref>
* In 2015, Kishore Lulla was a part of the Sun Valley Conference.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/eros-internationals-kishore-lulla-attends-the-billionaires-summer-camp/articleshow/48110938.cms|title=Eros International's Kishore Lulla attends the "billionaires' summer camp"|first=Masoom|last=Gupte|date=17 July 2015|accessdate=10 September 2017|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>
*Lulla was honoured at the 2018 Economic Times India-UK Strategic Conclave as one of the Game Changers of India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.co.in/kishore-lulla-felicitated|title=Kishore Lulla Felicitated|date=15 September 2018|access-date=17 November 2018|archive-date=24 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424104006/https://boxofficeindia.co.in/kishore-lulla-felicitated|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
Eros has struggled to shake off accounting fraud allegations for years.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-11-04 |title=Eros struggles to fend off heat from investors |work=[[Business Standard]] |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/eros-struggles-to-fend-off-heat-from-investors-115110401620_1.html |access-date=2023-09-05}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Duke |first=Simon |date=2023-09-05 |title=Bollywood's mystery movies |newspaper=[[The Times]] |language=en |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/tv-radio/article/bollywoods-mystery-movies-tkf69nnmdnp |access-date=2023-09-05 |issn=0140-0460}}</ref> In 2012, BDO, the accounting firm, identified a couple of questionable transactions involving Eros and Prime Focus, a company operated by Namit Malhotra.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lulla, Kishore}}
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film producers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:1961 births]]

Nandi Awards of 1971

2026-02-24T00:51:43Z

PiperByrum18:

{{Short description|Indian Telugu film and TV awards ceremony}}
{{one source|date=July 2021}}
{{Nandi Awards}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}

Nandi Awards were presented annually by Government of Andhra Pradesh, with the first awards being given in 1964.

The recipients of the best film awards in 1971 were:

== 1971 Nandi Awards Winners List ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Category<ref>{{cite web|date=|title=Nandi Award winners 1964-2008|url=https://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|accessdate=14 July 2021}}</ref>
!Winner
!Film
|-
|[[List of winners of the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]]
|[[K. Viswanath]]
|[[Chelleli Kapuram]]
|-
|Second Best Feature Film
|[[K. V. Reddy]]
|[[Sri Krishna Satya]]
|-
|Third Best Feature Film
|[[V. Madhusudhana Rao]]
|[[Amaayakuraalu]]
|-
|Best Documentary Film
|C.D.Kishore
|samsaaram
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Nandi Awards]]
[[Category:1971 awards]]

Moin-ul-Haq Stadium metro station

2026-02-17T08:20:07Z

PiperByrum18:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Patna Metro.svg|50px]] Moin-ul-Haq Stadium
| type = {{Patna Metro Infobox station line|line =Blue}}
| style = Patna Metro
| image = Nitish Kumar and Tejaswi Yadav inaugurating the work of Patna Metro.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Nitish Kumar and Tejaswi Yadav inaugurating the work of Patna Metro at [[Moin-ul-Haq Stadium]] in 2023
| address = [[Rajendra Nagar, Patna|Rajendra Nagar]], [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|25|36|28|N|85|10|4|E|type:landmark|display=it}}
| structure = Underground
| operator = [[Patna Metro]]
| levels = 2 '''''(TBC)'''''
| tracks = 2 '''''(TBC)'''''
| parking = '''''(TBC)'''''
| opening = {{start date and age|June 2026|df=yes}} '''''(TBC)'''''
| electrified = '''''(TBC)'''''
| status = Under Construction
| code = '''''(TBC)'''''
| route_map = {{Blue Line (Patna Metro)}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}{{Short description|Upcoming metro station in Bihar, India}}
'''Moin-ul-Haq Stadium''' is an upcoming underground metro station on the north–south corridor of the Blue Line of [[Patna Metro]] in [[Bihar]], India.<ref>{{cite web |last=Pathak |first=Subhash |date=7 April 2023 |title=CM releases Patna metro logo |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/bihar-cm-nitish-kumar-releases-logo-launches-2nd-tbm-for-patna-metro-32-5km-network-to-be-built-in-2-corridors-at-a-cost-of-13-411-crore-101680886502480.html |access-date=2024-01-08 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Kshitiz |date=2 August 2023 |title=MH Stadium station of Patna metro rail project taking shape |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/mh-stadium-station-of-patna-metro-rail-project-taking-shape/articleshow/102332315.cms |access-date=2024-01-08 |website=[[The Times of India]] |via=}}</ref>

==History==
In August 2022, Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]] inaugurated the underground metro rail work at [[Moin-ul-Haq Stadium]] by unveiling the stone plaque of the underground work of [[Patna Metro]] Rail Project.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rumi |first=Faryal |date=2022-08-19 |title=Patna: CM Nitish Kumar launches underground metro rail work |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/patna-cm-nitish-kumar-launches-underground-metro-rail-work/articleshow/93648655.cms |access-date=2023-04-28 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of metro systems]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Patna Metro}}
{{Patna-metro-stub}}
[[Category:Patna Metro stations]]
[[Category:Proposed railway stations in India]]

Abhinandan Varthaman

2026-02-06T07:15:10Z

PiperByrum18: further update layout to improve readability additionally and improved wording

{{short description|Indian fighter pilot (born 1983)}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Peacock|date=July 2025}}
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date = April 2019}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Group captain (India)|Group Captain]]
| name = Abhinandan Varthaman
| honorific_suffix = [[Vir Chakra|VrC]]
| image = Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman in a MiG-21 Trainer aircraft, at Air Force Station Pathankot, Punjab on September 02, 2019 (cropped).jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = Varthaman in September 2018
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| alma_mater = [[Sainik School, Amaravathinagar]] [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1983|06|21}}
| birth_place =  [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| allegiance = {{flag|India|23px}}
| branch = {{air force|India|23px}}
| serviceyears = 2004–present
| serviceyears_label = 
| rank = [[File:Indian IAF OF-5.svg|border|23px]] [[Group captain (India)|Group Captain]]
| rank_label =
| servicenumber = 27981<ref>{{cite news |title=#Abhinandan विंग कमांडर अभिनंदन के बारे में अब तक ये पता है |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-47389019 |publisher=BBC |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306081317/https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-47389019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| unit =
| commands =
| battles = {{tree list}}
* [[2019 India–Pakistan standoff]]
** [[2019 Jammu and Kashmir airstrikes]]{{POW}}
{{tree list/end}}
| battles_label =
| awards = [[File:Vir Chakra ribbon bar.svg|32px]] [[Vir Chakra]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Abhinandan to get Vir Chakra on Independence Day: Facts about India's 3rd highest gallantry award |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/abhinandan-to-get-vir-chakra-on-independence-day-facts-about-india-s-3rd-highest-gallantry-award-1580817-2019-08-14 |publisher=[[India Today]] |date=14 August 2019}}</ref>
| memorials =
| relations =
| laterwork =
| signature =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| website = 
| module =
}}
[[Group captain (India)|Group Captain]] '''Abhinandan Varthaman''' [[Vir Chakra|VrC]] (born 21 June 1983) is an [[Indian Air Force]] officer and [[fighter pilot]]. He flew a [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21]] Bison during an [[2019 Jammu and Kashmir airstrikes|aerial engagement]] on 27 February 2019, when his aircraft was shot down by the [[Pakistan Air Force]]. He was captured by the [[Pakistan Army]] after landing in Pakistani territory, approximately 7 km (4.3 miles) from the [[Line of Control]]. On 1 March 2019, he was released and returned to India.

== Career and personal life ==
Abhinandan Varthaman was born on 21 June 1983 in a [[Tamil Jain]] family, in [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=M|first=Kalyanaraman|date=2019-04-05|title=Abhinandan's folk: Jains who are Tamils but don't eat onions|url=https://thefederal.com/the-eighth-column/abhinandans-folk-jains-who-are-tamils-but-dont-eat-onions/|access-date=2020-12-20|website=The Federal|language=en-US}}</ref> His family is from [[Thirupanamoor]], a village about {{Convert|19|km|miles|abbr=in}} from [[Kanchipuram]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman trained at IAF, Tambaram |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/280219/wing-commander-abhinandan-varthaman-trained-at-iaf-tambaram.html |work=Deccan Chronicle|date=28 February 2019 |access-date=2 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044727/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/280219/wing-commander-abhinandan-varthaman-trained-at-iaf-tambaram.html |archive-date=6 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> His father, Simhakutty Varthaman is retired [[Air marshal|Air Marshal]], and his mother is a doctor.<ref name="timesnownews.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/article/profile-of-a-true-hero-all-you-need-to-know-about-wing-commander-abhinandan-varthaman/374327|title=Pilot Abhinandan Profile, Family, All you need to know about IAF Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman|website=timesnownews.com|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228174934/https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/article/profile-of-a-true-hero-all-you-need-to-know-about-wing-commander-abhinandan-varthaman/374327|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Cheers, Claps For Pilot Abhinandan Varthaman's Parents on Flight To Delhi |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/wing-commander-abhinandan-varthamans-parents-cheered-by-co-passengers-in-plane-as-they-arrive-to-rec-2000985 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=1 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301214211/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/wing-commander-abhinandan-varthamans-parents-cheered-by-co-passengers-in-plane-as-they-arrive-to-rec-2000985 |archive-date=1 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Varthaman was educated at [[Sainik School, Amaravathinagar]].<ref name="timesnownews.com" /> He graduated from the [[National Defence Academy]] and was commissioned into the combat (fighter) stream of the IAF as a [[flying officer]] on 19 June 2004.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Air Branch) |page=1371 |date=30 September 2006 |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2006/W_39_2011_076.pdf |publisher=[[The Gazette of India]]}}</ref> He was trained at the IAF centres in [[Bathinda]] and [[Halwara]], promoted to [[flight lieutenant]] on 19 June 2006,<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Air Branch) |page=796 |date=28 June 2008 |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2008/W_26_2009_004.pdf |publisher=[[The Gazette of India]]}}</ref> and to [[squadron leader]] on 8 July 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Air Branch) |page=119 |date=4 February 2012 |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2012/W_5_2012_169.pdf |publisher=[[The Gazette of India]]}}</ref> Varthaman was a [[Su-30MKI]] fighter pilot before being assigned to the [[MiG-21|MiG-21 Bison]] squadron.<ref name="auto2">{{cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/article/profile-of-a-true-hero-all-you-need-to-know-about-wing-commander-abhinandan-varthaman/374327|title=Profile of a true HERO – All you need to know about Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228174934/https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/article/profile-of-a-true-hero-all-you-need-to-know-about-wing-commander-abhinandan-varthaman/374327|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He was promoted to [[Wing commander (rank)|wing commander]] on 19 June 2017<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Air Branch) |page=527 |date=8 February 2020 |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/216111.pdf |publisher=[[The Gazette of India]]}}</ref> and to [[Group captain (India)|group captain]] on 1 December 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Air Branch) |page=4258 |date=9 November 2024 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2024/258552.pdf|publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>

Varthaman is married and lives in Chennai. His wife, Tanvi Marwaha is a retired [[Squadron leader]]. He and his wife have two children.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/abhinandan-varthaman-family-legacy-courage-valour-wife-father-1468161-2019-03-01|title=Abhinandan Varthaman carries a legacy of courage, grace, valour|date=1 March 2019|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302024845/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/abhinandan-varthaman-family-legacy-courage-valour-wife-father-1468161-2019-03-01|archive-date=2 March 2019|url-status=live|publisher=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

== Dogfight and capture ==
{{Main|2019 Jammu and Kashmir airstrikes}}

[[File:Sheeju mig21.JPG|thumb|A [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21]] Bison of the [[Indian Air Force]].]]

On 27 February 2019, Varthaman was flying a [[MiG-21]] as part of a [[sortie]] that was scrambled to intercept incoming PAF fighter jets, which were on their way, to conduct [[2019 Jammu and Kashmir airstrikes|airstrikes in Jammu and Kashmir]]. After this, his radio and radars were jammed by Pakistani air defence moments before he was shot down by an F-16 of the Pakistan Air Force piloted by Wing Commander Noman Ali Khan. Varthaman ejected from his plane and landed in the village of Horran in Pakistan Administered Kashmir, approximately {{Convert|7|km|miles|abbr=in}} from the [[Line of Control]].<ref name="auto3">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47397418|title=Fighter pilot 'opened fire' before capture|last=Khan|first=M. Ilyas|work=BBC News |date=1 March 2019|access-date=2 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301013431/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47397418|archive-date=1 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5k1geCvUMas|title=Abhinandan raised slogans, tried to destroy documents just before being captured in Pak (BBC Hindi)|date=28 February 2019|via=YouTube}}</ref>

Local villagers said Varthaman was identified as an Indian pilot by the [[Indian flag]] on his [[parachute]]. Upon landing, Varthaman asked the villagers whether he was in India or Pakistan, to which a boy lied by saying "India." In response, Varthaman reportedly chanted "Bharat Mata ki Jai," to which the locals responded with "Pakistan Zindabad." He then fired warning shots before attempting to flee. The villagers were able to subdue and manhandle Varthaman, before the Pakistan Army captured him and took him into custody as a prisoner of war.<ref name="auto3"/><ref name=":0"/><ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/01/world/asia/india-pakistan-plane-abhinandan-varthaman-india.html|title=Pakistan Frees Indian Pilot Who Was Beaten by a Mob and Then Served Tea|first1=Jeffrey|last1=Gettleman|authorlink=Jeffrey Gettleman|first2=Suhasini|last2=Raj|work=The New York Times |authorlink2=Suhasini Raj|date=1 March 2019|via=NYTimes.com|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301220828/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/01/world/asia/india-pakistan-plane-abhinandan-varthaman-india.html|archive-date=1 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Later that day, the [[Indian Ministry of External Affairs]] confirmed that an Indian pilot was [[missing in action]] after a MiG-21 Bison fighter aircraft was lost, while engaging with Pakistani jets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/india-pak-tensions-live-iaf-wing-commander-missing-after-mig-21-crash-pakistan-claims-he-is-in-their-custody-says-govt-2049727.html|title=India-Pak Tensions LIVE: IAF Wing Commander Missing After MiG-21 Crash, Pakistan Claims He is in Their Custody, Says Govt|date=27 February 2019|website=News18|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Saved from a Pakistani mob, a downed Indian pilot becomes the face of the Kashmir crises|date=27 February 2019|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/pakistan-india-saynotowar-pilot-abhinandan-varthaman-1.5036374|publisher=CBC News|website=cbc.ca|access-date=2 March 2019}}</ref>

A statement released by the IAF stated that before the crash, Varthaman had shot down a PAF [[F-16|Lockheed Martin F-16]].<ref>{{cite web|date=3 March 2019|title='Abhinandan Varthaman is first IAF pilot to down an F-16': Air Chief Marshal S Krishnaswamy|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/abhinandan-varthaman-is-first-iaf-pilot-to-down-an-f-16-air-chief-marshal-s-krishnaswamy/story-jMNbRKI4vJfwWp2vy0x79J.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303120552/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/abhinandan-varthaman-is-first-iaf-pilot-to-down-an-f-16-air-chief-marshal-s-krishnaswamy/story-jMNbRKI4vJfwWp2vy0x79J.html|archive-date=3 March 2019|access-date=3 March 2019|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=28 February 2019 |title=Abhinandan Varthaman's MiG21 locked in Pakistan's F16 |work=Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/f16-shot-down-varthamans-mig21-locked-in-pakistans-f16/articleshow/68193757.cms |url-status=live |access-date=2 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228130414/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/f16-shot-down-varthamans-mig21-locked-in-pakistans-f16/articleshow/68193757.cms |archive-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> At a media briefing on 2 March 2019, nearly two days after the aerial engagement between PAF and IAF, the IAF displayed the parts of [[AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM]] missiles, which could be used by the PAF's F-16. An AMRAAM indicated that Pakistan used F-16s and most likely shot these missiles at another fighter jet, within Indian territory.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Sameer |date=2019-08-20 |title=8 pieces of clinching evidence that show how IAF's Abhinandan shot down a Pakistani F-16 |url=https://theprint.in/defence/8-pieces-of-clinching-evidence-that-show-how-iafs-abhinandan-shot-down-a-pakistani-f-16/278752/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |quote="This radar data proves beyond doubt — that F-16s were operating against India that day — exposing the lies and contradictions of Ghafoor — exposed further by the remains of the AMRAAM missile found in the Nowshera sector by the Indian military. AMRAAM missiles can only be fired by F-16s in the PAF inventory."}}</ref>

The Indian Air Force stated it had identified the electronic signatures of the aircraft involved in the skirmish and confirmed the use of F-16s.<ref name=":1" /> Indian media claimed that under a U.S.-Pakistan agreement, Pakistan could only use F-16s against terrorists. However, Foreign Policy quoted a U.S. official denying any such restriction.<ref name="Seligman">{{Cite web |last=Seligman |first=Lara |date=4 April 2019 |title=Did India Shoot Down a Pakistani Jet? U.S. Count Says No. |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/04/04/did-india-shoot-down-a-pakistani-jet-u-s-count-says-no/ |access-date=2021-01-17 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US}}</ref> Pakistan’s [[Inter-Services Public Relations]] (ISPR) also refuted the use of F-16s in the incident.

In April 2019, Foreign Policy, citing two anonymous U.S. defense officials, reported that an audit found no Pakistani F-16s missing. The next day, the [[U.S. Department of Defense]] stated it was “not aware” of any such investigation.{{POV statement|reason=Biased or inflammatory language.|date=July 2025}} The [[U.S. State Department]], when asked for clarification, declined to comment on end-use monitoring agreements and noted that U.S. security assistance to Pakistan had been suspended since January 2018. Pakistan rejected the Indian claim and said that the PAF did not suffer any losses in the dogfight. US count of PAF F-16 fleet found no F-16 was lost during PAF engagement with IAF.<ref>{{cite web | title=India Didn't Shoot Down Pakistan's F-16, U.S. Magazine Says | work=Bloomberg | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-05/india-didn-t-shoot-down-pakistan-s-f-16-u-s-magazine-says }}</ref> Defence and military analysts found India's evidence to be circumstantial,<ref> Freedman, Lawrence; Williams, Heather (2023). "India-Pakistan, 2019". Changing the Narrative: Information Campaigns, Strategy and Crisis Escalation in the Digital Age. London, UK: Routledge for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, London. pp. 43–60, 54. ISBN 978-1-032-70786-0. The other dispute was over whether the Indian Air Force had destroyed a Pakistani plane. Varthaman claimed to have shot down a Pakistani F-16 before his own plane was downed, but there were no reports from the US Department of Defense, which is required to track the status of all F-16s, that one had been lost.</ref> its claim discredited by the absence of the required US Department of Defense announcement about the loss<ref>{{Cite web|last=Seligman|first=Lara|title=Did India Shoot Down a Pakistani Jet? U.S. Count Says No.|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/04/04/did-india-shoot-down-a-pakistani-jet-u-s-count-says-no/|access-date=2021-05-16|website=Foreign Policy|date=4 April 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=EurAsian Times |date=2019-04-06 |title=Setback To Pakistan, US Says 'Did Not Count' Pakistani F-16 Fighter Jets |url=https://eurasiantimes.com/setback-to-pakistan-us-says-did-not-count-pakistani-f-16-fighter-jets/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News |language=en-US |quote="The US defence department clearly stated that it had no information on any investigation involving its officials to check the status of F-16 fighter jets delivered to Pakistan. The statement comes a day after a US-based magazine quoted two senior US officials who contradicted India’s claim of having shot down a Pakistani F-16 jet on February 27 during a dogfight along the LoC."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-06 |title=Haven't counted Pakistan's F-16s, says Pentagon after US magazine claimed it did |url=https://theprint.in/defence/not-aware-of-probe-into-pakistan-f-16-count-after-dogfight-with-iaf-says-us-defence-dept/217733/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |quote="The United States defence department on Friday said it was “not aware” of any investigation that was conducted to ascertain if Pakistan had lost an F-16 in a dogfight with Indian fighter jets on 27 February, contrary to a report by a news publication that had gone on to say, citing unidentified defence officials, the count revealed none was missing"}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-06 |title=Haven't counted Pakistan's F-16s, says Pentagon after US magazine claimed it did |url=https://theprint.in/defence/not-aware-of-probe-into-pakistan-f-16-count-after-dogfight-with-iaf-says-us-defence-dept/217733/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |quote="The state department distanced itself from the news report saying in response to a direct request to confirm or deny it, “As a matter of policy, the Department does not publicly comment on details of government-to-government agreements on end-use monitoring of US-origin defence articles""}}</ref>

=== Videos ===
Videos and images released by Pakistani authorities showed Varthaman being taken into custody from a mob by Pakistani soldiers<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/01/world/asia/india-pakistan-plane-abhinandan-varthaman-india.html|title=Pakistan Frees Indian Pilot Who Was Beaten by a Mob and Then Served Tea|first1=Jeffrey|last1=Gettleman|authorlink1=Jeffrey Gettleman|first2=Suhasini|last2=Raj|newspaper=The New York Times |authorlink2=Suhasini Raj|date=1 March 2019|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301220828/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/01/world/asia/india-pakistan-plane-abhinandan-varthaman-india.html|archive-date=1 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and being interrogated while tied and blindfolded with a bloody face repeating what was done to Capt Saurabh Kalia before the 1999 Kargil war.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/> Other videos showed him receiving first aid and being further interrogated over tea which was a propaganda.<ref name="auto" /><ref name="auto1"/> The media received a mixed reception; some commentators criticised the reports as a "vulgar display" while others praised the intervention of the Pakistani soldiers when Varthaman was in the hands of the mob and was being beaten.<ref name="auto1"/> The release of the videos was suspected of being a violation of the [[Geneva Conventions]] and were deleted by Pakistani authorities after they went [[Viral video|viral]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/experts-say-pakistan-violated-geneva-conventions-by-tweeting-video-of-captured-indian-pilot|title=Pakistan may have violated Geneva Conventions after posting video of captured pilot|first=Louis|last=Casiano|date=27 February 2019|website=Fox News|access-date=2 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301151437/https://www.foxnews.com/world/experts-say-pakistan-violated-geneva-conventions-by-tweeting-video-of-captured-indian-pilot|archive-date=1 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Pakistani legal, diplomatic and military experts gave differing opinions on the applicability of the Geneva Conventions in this case.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/437668-geneva-convention-experts-differ-over-immunity-to-indian-pilot/|title=Geneva Convention: Experts differ over immunity to Indian pilot|date=28 February 2019|access-date=2 March 2019|publisher=The News International|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228143130/https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/437668-geneva-convention-experts-differ-over-immunity-to-indian-pilot|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Repatriation==

On 28 February 2019, [[Imran Khan]], the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|prime minister of Pakistan]], announced at a joint sitting of the [[Parliament of Pakistan]], that the government had decided to release Varthaman the next day as a "gesture of peace". Some news sources reported that India and Pakistan "came perilously close to firing missiles at each other on February 27, with Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] deciding to up the ante after the capture of Varthaman by Pakistan, and [[Research and Analysis Wing]] secretary [[Anil Dhasmana]] communicating to his Pakistan counterpart [[Inter-Services Intelligence|Inter Services Intelligence]] chief Lieutenant General [[Asim Munir]] that there would be an escalation in the Indian offensive if the pilot was harmed."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-23 |title=India, Pakistan came close to firing missiles at each other on February 27 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-pakistan-came-close-to-firing-missiles-at-each-other-on-february-27/story-rVsBjZ5qmxXMprktzDNqcM.html |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |quote="“I know last night there was a threat there could a missile attack on Pakistan, which later got defused, Khan said in his speech."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://arynews.tv/en/imran-khan-addresses-joint-parliamentary-session/ |title=PM announces release of Indian pilot Abhinandan as 'peace gesture' |date=28 February 2019 |website=Ary News |access-date=2 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301125526/https://arynews.tv/en/imran-khan-addresses-joint-parliamentary-session/ |archive-date=1 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Shah Mehmood Qureshi]], the [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Foreign Minister of Pakistan]], said his government announced the release of the IAF Wing Commander out of a desire for peace and that there was no compulsion or pressure on Pakistan, as was implied by the Indian media.<ref>{{cite web|last=|date=2 March 2019|title=No compulsion or pressure to release Abhinandan, did it for peace: Qureshi|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1467183/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302152622/https://www.dawn.com/news/1467183|archive-date=2 March 2019|access-date=2 March 2019|website=DAWN}}</ref> However, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that several outside countries including United States and China had been urging Pakistan to release the Indian pilot to de-escalate the crisis.<ref name="auto" />

[[File:Wagah border.jpg|thumb|Wagah border]]
Varthaman crossed the [[India–Pakistan border]] at [[Wagah]] on 1 March 2019.<ref>{{cite web|last=|date=1 March 2019|title=Captured IAF pilot handed over to officials in Delhi|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1466951|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301165512/https://www.dawn.com/news/1466951|archive-date=1 March 2019|access-date=1 March 2019|website=DAWN.COM}}</ref><ref name="Captured">{{cite news|title=Abhinandan: Captured Indian pilot handed back by Pakistan|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-47412884|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301173217/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-47412884|archive-date=1 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=27 February 2019 |title=Saved From Pakistani Mob, Downed Indian Pilot Becomes Face of Kashmir Crisis |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/02/27/world/asia/27reuters-india-kashmir-pilot-socialmedia.html |url-status=live |access-date=1 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302024524/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/02/27/world/asia/27reuters-india-kashmir-pilot-socialmedia.html |archive-date=2 March 2019}}</ref> At a rally, the Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] welcomed Varthaman's release, saying the nation was proud of him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-welcomes-iaf-pilot-abhinandan-says-nation-proud-of-your-exemplary-courage/articleshow/68223927.cms |title=PM Modi welcomes IAF pilot Abhinandan, says 'nation proud of your exemplary courage' |date=1 March 2019 |website=The Times of India |access-date=1 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302104701/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-welcomes-iaf-pilot-abhinandan-says-nation-proud-of-your-exemplary-courage/articleshow/68223927.cms |archive-date=2 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> A demeaning video of Varthaman was released by the PAF to the Pakistani media hours before his release. IAF later said it had been filmed while Varthaman was under duress.<ref>{{cite web|title=Subjected to mental harassment by ISI, says IAF Wing Commander Abhinandan|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/subjected-to-mental-harassment-by-isi-says-iaf-wing-commander-abhinandan/videoshow/68239392.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304034526/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/subjected-to-mental-harassment-by-isi-says-iaf-wing-commander-abhinandan/videoshow/68239392.cms|archive-date=4 March 2019|access-date=3 March 2019|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/abhinandan-varthaman-says-went-through-mental-harassment-in-pakistan-report-2001733|title=Abhinandan Varthaman Says He Was Mentally Harassed in Pakistan: Report|website=NDTV.com|access-date=2 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302173847/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/abhinandan-varthaman-says-went-through-mental-harassment-in-pakistan-report-2001733|archive-date=2 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> A medical check-up upon his return located multiple bruises and a fractured rib but no 'significant injuries'.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/abhinandan-is-back-but-with-a-rib-fracture-and-some-bruises/articleshow/68232959.cms |title=Abhinandan is back but with a rib fracture and some bruises |last=Gurung |first=Shaurya Karanbir |date=2 March 2019 |website=The Economic Times |access-date=2 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303085448/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/abhinandan-is-back-but-with-a-rib-fracture-and-some-bruises/articleshow/68232959.cms |archive-date=3 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Varthaman said the Pakistani authorities did not physically torture him but subjected him to considerable "mental harassment". Pakistan said he was treated in accordance with the Geneva Conventions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/abhinandan-varthaman-says-went-through-mental-harassment-in-pakistan-report-2001733|title=Abhinandan Varthaman Says He Was Mentally Harassed in Pakistan: Report|website=NDTV.com|access-date=5 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302173847/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/abhinandan-varthaman-says-went-through-mental-harassment-in-pakistan-report-2001733|archive-date=2 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

After the government's decision to release Varthaman was announced, a petition was filed before the [[Islamabad High Court]] (IHC) seeking an injunction to stop the process but the court dismissed it on the same day. The petition argued Varthaman must be released only after the cessation of active hostilities, as per the Geneva Conventions, since the Indian pilot “was arrested when he was on a mission against Pakistan”. The petition was rejected by the Islamabad High Court, citing the consensus of the parliamentarians and that "When all the parliamentarians agree at a point...[a] debate over it is unnecessary". In addition the IHC Chief Justice Minallah also stated that the courts do not have the power to intervene in foreign affairs, according to a Supreme Court verdict in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 March 2019|title=IHC dismisses petition challenging release of Indian pilot|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1920833/1-ihc-dismisses-petition-challenging-release-of-indian-pilot/|access-date=1 March 2019|website=The Express Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gallantry Awards {{!}} Ministry of Defence, Government of India |url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/awardee/4888 |access-date=2021-11-23 |website=www.gallantryawards.gov.in}}</ref>

==Subsequent developments==
On 28 October 2020, senior Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) leader [[Ayaz Sadiq|Sardar Ayaz Sadiq]] recalled a high-level meeting of Pakistan's civilian and military leadership regarding the release of Varthaman. Sadiq said, "Legs were shaking and forehead perspiring," referring to the demeanor of senior officials during the meeting. He claimed that then-Foreign Minister [[Shah Mahmood Qureshi]] pleaded for Abhinandan's release, allegedly saying, "For God’s sake, let him go back now because India is attacking Pakistan at 9 PM tonight." Sadiq suggested that the decision to release the pilot was made under pressure, implying fear of imminent Indian retaliation. He further alleged, "India was not planning to attack... They just wanted to kneel before India and send back Abhinandan." His comments sparked significant political backlash, with Interior Minister [[Ijaz Ahmed Shah]] warning of possible treason charges and posters labeling Sadiq a "traitor" appearing in Lahore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pak Considers Treason Case Against Its Leader For Remark On Abhinandan |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/pakistan-considers-treason-case-against-sardar-ayaz-sadiq-for-remarks-on-indian-air-force-pilot-abhinandan-2319060 |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref> A citizen submitted a request to the Civil Lines Police Station in Lahore seeking a treason case against former Sadiq, alleging he supported the Indian military and spread "false propaganda" against the Pakistan Army during a TV program aired on October 29.<ref>{{Cite web |author=NEWS Desk |date=2020-10-30 |title=Ayaz Sadiq's statement beyond pardon now: Shibli Faraz |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2270499/ayaz-sadiqs-statement-beyond-pardon-now-shibli-faraz |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

== Legacy and honors ==
[[Akhil Bharatiya Digambar Jain Mahasamiti]] chairperson Manidra Jain announced Varthaman would be awarded the ''Bhagwan Mahavir Ahimsa Puraskar'' on 17 April 2019, the date of [[Mahavir Janma Kalyanak|Mahavir Jayanti]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2019 |title=IAF pilot Abhinandan Varthaman to be awarded with Bhagwan Mahavir Ahimsa Puraskar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/iaf-pilot-abhinandan-varthaman-to-be-awarded-with-bhagwan-mahavir-ahimsa-puraskar/story-GiK9UnxsuTL9hlqAfA46SM.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042802/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/iaf-pilot-abhinandan-varthaman-to-be-awarded-with-bhagwan-mahavir-ahimsa-puraskar/story-GiK9UnxsuTL9hlqAfA46SM.html |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Indian Air Force promotes Balakot air strike hero Abhinandan Varthaman to Group Captain rank |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-air-force-promotes-balakot-air-strike-hero-abhinandan-varthaman-to-group-captain-rank/articleshow/87509225.cms |access-date=2021-11-03 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> In August that same year, he was presented with the [[Vir Chakra]] gallantry award.<ref name="Peri-Hindu">{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=14 August 2019 |title=Wing Commander Abhinandan to be awarded Vir Chakra |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/wg-cdr-abhinandan-varthaman-to-be-conferred-vir-chakra/article29090657.ece |access-date=14 August 2019 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
=== "The tea is fantastic" (internet meme)===
In 2019, after Varthaman was captured by Pakistani forces, a video of him taken by a soldier went viral in which he was seen being interrogated while drinking [[Milk Tea|Pakistani tea]]. The interrogator asked him different questions about his health and how he was treated to which he acknowledged the humane treatment by the Pakistani military. The interrogator then asks if he was enjoying his tea, to which Varthaman replied: "The tea is fantastic". This statement of Varthaman went viral and turned into an [[internet meme]] in the Pakistani online community.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 February 2019 |title=Video: Wing Commander Abhinandan says Pakistani Army treated him with respect |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1466413}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=27 February 2022 |title=Three years on, Pakistanis wish Indians a happy tea day |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2345503/three-years-on-pakistani-twitter-celebrates-a-happy-fantastic-tea-day}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Images Staff |date=2021-02-27 |title=It's been two years but for Pakistani Twitter, the tea is still fantastic |url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1186639/its-been-two-years-but-for-pakistani-twitter-the-tea-is-still-fantastic |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=Images |language=en}}</ref>

===Moustache style===
[[File:Abhinandan Mustache.png|thumb|''The'' ''Varthaman style'', popular in India]]

Varthaman's style of moustache has become popular in India and is widely called the "Varthaman style".<ref name="CNN_moustache">{{cite news |last1=Suri |first1=Manveena |title=Indian pilot returns home a hero and sparks mustache trend |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/03/04/india/india-pilot-moustache-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304101005/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/03/04/india/india-pilot-moustache-intl/index.html |archive-date=4 March 2019 |access-date=4 March 2019 |work=CNN}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2019 |title=Want to look cool? Beard it like Abhinandan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/beauty/want-to-look-cool-beard-it-like-abhinandan/articleshow/68251454.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304070155/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/beauty/want-to-look-cool-beard-it-like-abhinandan/articleshow/68251454.cms |archive-date=4 March 2019 |access-date=11 March 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en |agency=[[IANS]]}}</ref> Actor [[Ranveer Singh]]'s barber, Darshan Yewalekar, has quoted saying that "the beard sported by the IAF pilot will soon be called India's very own Varthaman style."<ref name=":2" /> The style is similar to a combination of [[gunslinger]] moustaches and [[Sideburns|mutton chops]] worn by [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]].<ref name="ndtv.com">{{cite web |date=3 March 2019 |others=S Shobana |title=Abhinandan Varthaman's Gunslinger Moustache Is All The Rage in India |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indian-air-force-pilot-abhinandan-varthamans-moustache-catches-up-men-queue-up-outside-salons-2001966 |access-date=11 March 2019 |website=NDTV}}</ref> It resembles the moustache worn by actor [[Suriya]] in the [[Singam (film series)|''Singam'' film series]] and [[Rajinikanth]]'s moustache in [[Petta (film)|''Petta'']] (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2019 |title=Abhinandan Varthaman's moustache may be the next styling sensation in India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/fashion-and-trends/abhinandan-varthaman-s-moustache-may-be-the-next-styling-sensation-in-india/story-SAw62oXo5UI6ZNZo8PsBWK.html |access-date=11 March 2019 |website=Hindustan Times |agency=IANS}}</ref>

A number of companies used the moustache in their advertisements. Dairy company [[Amul]] produced a video showing a young girl wearing an Varthaman-shaped [[milk moustache]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suri |first=Manveena |date=4 March 2019 |title=Indian pilot returns home a hero and sparks mustache trend |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/04/india/india-pilot-moustache-intl/index.html |access-date=11 March 2019 |website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=3 March 2019 |title=Amul Pays Tribute to IAF Pilot Abhinandan's 'Mooch' in New Ad, Twitter Says it Will be Next Fashion Trend |url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/amuls-tributes-abhinandans-mooch-in-new-ad-twitter-says-it-will-be-the-next-fashion-trend-2053863.html |website=News18}}</ref> The advertisement was posted on [[Twitter]] and received more than 170,000 views within 24 hours.<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date=3 March 2019 |title=Amul Sets Twitter Abuzz With 'Mooch' Video, Pays Tribute to IAF Wing Commander Abhinandan |url=https://www.india.com/buzz/amuls-new-mooch-video-advertisement-paying-tribute-to-iaf-wing-commander-abhinandan-breaks-internet-twitterati-declare-it-as-next-fashion-trend-3593620/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304133755/https://www.india.com/buzz/amuls-new-mooch-video-advertisement-paying-tribute-to-iaf-wing-commander-abhinandan-breaks-internet-twitterati-declare-it-as-next-fashion-trend-3593620/ |archive-date=4 March 2019 |website=[[India.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Das |first=Aninda |date=10 March 2019 |title=Mooch Appreciated: IAF pilot Abhinandan Varthaman's gunslinger moustache is now a rage on social media |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/the-buzz/article/mooch-appreciated-iaf-pilot-abhinandan-varthamans-gunslinger-moustache-is-now-a-rage-on-social-media/376424 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304180743/https://www.timesnownews.com/the-buzz/article/mooch-appreciated-iaf-pilot-abhinandan-varthamans-gunslinger-moustache-is-now-a-rage-on-social-media/376424 |archive-date=4 March 2019 |access-date=11 March 2019 |website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref> [[Pizza Hut]] also posted a tweet showing the Varthaman moustache on 3 March 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2019 |title=Netizens divided over Pizza Hut offering free pizza to anyone named Abhinandan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/pizza-hut-abhinandan-varthaman-pakistan-balakot-jem-indian-air-force-5610002/ |access-date=11 March 2019 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Sulekha |date=6 March 2019 |title=Pizza Hut turns Wing Commander Abhinandan's bravery into marketing gimmick: Insensitive and opportunistic, say brand specialists |url=https://www.firstpost.com/business/pizza-hut-turns-wing-commander-abhinandans-bravery-into-marketing-gimmick-insensitive-and-opportunistic-say-brand-specialists-6200261.html |access-date=11 March 2019 |website=Firstpost}}</ref>

=== In media ===
Varthaman was played by [[Vivek Oberoi]] in the 2020 [[Bollywood]] movie ''Balakot: The True Story'' and by [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]] in then 2024 [[JioCinema]] [[web series]] ''[[Ranneeti: Balakot & Beyond]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2019-08-23 |title=Vivek Oberoi to star in film on Balakot air strikes |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/sitara/cinema/vivek-oberoi-in-balakot-the-true-story/na20190823161249965 |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Prasanna to play the wing commander Abhinandan in the documentary 'Ranneeti: Balakot & Beyond' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/prasanna-to-play-the-wing-commander-abhinandan-in-the-documentary-ranneeti-balakot-beyond/articleshow/109682334.cms |access-date=6 January 2025 |publisher=Times Entertainment}}</ref>

==Awards and decorations==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|colspan="4"|[[Image:Vir Chakra ribbon bar.svg|105px]] [[File:Wound Medal-India.svg|105px]] [[File:India General Service Medal 1947.svg|105px]]
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND Samanya Seva medal.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND Special Service Medal Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND Siachen Glacier Medal Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|[[File:IND Sainya Seva Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND High Altitude Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=75yearmedal.svg|width=106}}
|[[File:IND 20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND 9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105px]]
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|[[Vir Chakra]]
|colspan="2" align="centre"|[[Wound Medal (India)|Wound Medal]]
|[[General Service Medal 1947|General Service Medal]]
|-
|[[Samanya Seva Medal]]
|[[Special Service Medal (India)|Special Service Medal]]
|[[Siachen Glacier Medal]]
|[[Sainya Seva Medal]]
|-
|[[High Altitude Medal|High Altitude Service Medal]]
|[[75th Independence Anniversary Medal (India)|75th Anniversary Independence Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|20 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|9 Years Long Service Medal]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varthaman, Abhinandan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Indian Air Force officers]]
[[Category:Indian military aviators]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners of war]]
[[Category:Prisoners of war held by Pakistan]]
[[Category:Shot-down aviators]]
[[Category:Tamil people]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:National Defence Academy (India) alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Vir Chakra]]
[[Category:Sainik School alumni]]
[[Category:Tamil Jains]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Jains]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian military personnel]]

Kovi Manisekaran

2026-02-04T21:07:01Z

PiperByrum18: Adding new article w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian film director (1927–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
'''Kovi Manisekaran''' ({{langx|ta|கோவி. மணிசேகரன்}}; 2 May 1927 – 18 November 2021) was an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]] scholar, film director and actor. He was awarded [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Tamil language|Tamil]] for his [[Tamil historical novels|historical novel]] ''Kutrala Kurinji'' in 1992.

==Biography==
Manisekaran was born on 2 May 1927 in Sullivanpet, now ([[Vellore District]]), [[British India]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=பிரபல எழுத்தாளர் கோவி. மணிசேகரன் காலமானார்: முதல்வர் ஸ்டாலின், தலைவர்கள் இரங்கல்|url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/738763-manisekaran-passes-away.html|access-date=2021-11-20|work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]]|language=ta}}</ref> He published for more than 50 years. He wrote eight plays, 29 short story collections, 30 social novels, 50 historical novels and eight essays.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kove Manisekaran Profile|url=http://www.tamilvu.org/courses/degree/p102/p1022/html/p10226l1.htm|work=Tamil Virtual University|accessdate=8 June 2010|language=Tamil}}</ref> He is most noted for his historical novels. He was the recipient of several prestigious awards including the most honourable [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Tamil language|Tamil]] for his [[Tamil historical novels|historical novel]] ''Kutrala Kurinji'' in the year 1992.<ref name=sahitya>[http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10320.htm#tamil Tamil Sahitya Akademi Awards 1955-2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124032426/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10320.htm |date=24 January 2010 }} [[Sahitya Akademi]] Official website.</ref> He also directed two [[Tamil film|Tamil]] and one [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada]] film. He was an assistant to noted Tamil film director [[K. Balachandar]] for three years. His film ''[[Thennangkeetru]]'' won the Tamil Nadu film fans association award and the [[Government of Karnataka]]'s Neerikshe award.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tamil Cinema History - Parts 773 and 774|url=http://bsubra.wordpress.com/2007/10/23/Kove-manisekaran-in-tamil-films-literature-kollywood-thinathanthi-movie-series/|work=[[Dina Malar]]|accessdate=8 June 2010|language=Tamil|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130710024008/http://bsubra.wordpress.com/2007/10/23/Kove-manisekaran-in-tamil-films-literature-kollywood-thinathanthi-movie-series/|archive-date=10 July 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Manisekaran died in [[Chennai]] on 18 November 2021, at the age of 94.<ref name=":0" />

==Awards==
*Sahitya Academy Award for Tamil (1990)
*[[S. P. Adithanar]] award from [[Dina Thanthi]]<ref>[https://www.oneindia.com/2008/09/27/tributes-paid-to-adityanar-1222533214.html Tributes paid to Adityanar ]</ref>

==Partial bibliography==
*''Kutrala Kurunji''
*''Nayakka Madevigal''
*''Gangai Nachiyar''
*''Malaya Maarudham''
*''Therodum Veedhiyilae''
*''Taj Mahal''
*''Nithirai Megangal''
*''Thirisooli''
*''Varaaga Nadhikarayil''
*''Kanchi Kathiravan''
*''Kalayar Kovil Radham''
*''Karru Veliyidai Kannamma''
*''Gandhari''
*''Kollipaavai''
*''Koduthu sivandha kaigal''
*''Kudavayil Kottam''
*''Ilavarasi Mohanangi''
*''Ajatha Sathru''
*''Pon Veindha perumaal''
*''Mani pallavam''

==Filmography==
*''Thennankeeru'' (made in Tamil and Kannada)
*''Yaagasalai''

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Tamil}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manisekaran, Kove.}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Tamil]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Tamil Nadu]]

Pranathi

2026-01-25T02:29:16Z

PiperByrum18: Starting

{{Short description|Indian film actress (born 1987)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pranathi
| image =
| imagesize =
| birthname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|04|19}}{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}
| birth_place =
| occupation = {{hlist|Model|actress}}
| othername =
| yearsactive = 2001–2005
| spouse = {{marriage|Dr. Sivarajan|2011}}
| father = [[Jose (actor)|Jose]]
}}

'''Pranathi''' is an Indian former model and actress. She appeared in a [[Malayalam]]-language film and won critical acclaim for her performance in the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Gambeeram]]'' (2004). She went on to appear in a few [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Kannada]] -language films.{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}

==Personal life==

Pranathi is born to Malayalam actor [[Jose (actor)|Jose]] and Ratnaprabha on 19 April 1987. She is married to Dr.Sivarajan in September 2011{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

==Career==
Pranathi began her career as a model. She won the Miss Beautiful Hair and Miss Best of Kochi titles at the Miss South India beauty pageant contest held in 2001. Upon completion of her schooling at the St. George's Homes, a residential school in [[Ooty]], she began her film career.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Srinivasa |first1=Srikanth |title=An actress from 'God's own country' |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct312004/enter6.asp |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=24 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060523111652/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct312004/enter6.asp |archive-date=23 May 2006 |date=31 October 2004}}</ref>

Pranathi made her acting debut alongside [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]] in [[Jayaraj]]'s successful Malayalam film ''[[4 the People]]'' (2004). In 2005, during the making of ''[[Gurudeva (film)|Gurudeva]]'' and ''Kaatru Ullavarai'' alongside actor [[Jai Akash]], reports suggested that the pair were dating.{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}} Also during 2005, her most prolific year, she appeared in a Kannada film titled ''Santosha'' as well as in the [[Sathyaraj]]-starrer ''[[Vanakkam Thalaiva]]''.{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}

She quit the film industry soon after failing to garner further offers.

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 2004 || ''[[4 the People]]'' || Teena || Malayalam ||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Gambeeram]]'' || Saroja || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2005 || ''[[Gurudeva (film)|Gurudeva]]'' || Deva ||
|-
| ''[[Guru (2005 film)|Guru]]'' || || Telugu ||
|-
| ''Santosha'' || Ramya || Kannada ||
|-
| ''[[Kaatrullavarai]]'' || Narmadha || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Vanakkam Thalaiva]]'' || Ramya ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2006 || ''[[Sarada Saradaga]]'' || Siri / Maaya || rowspan="2" | Telugu ||
|-
| ''Beats'' || ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]

Rajagiri, Papanasam

2026-01-21T10:55:24Z

PiperByrum18: updated details

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rajagiri
| other_name = Rajaghiri
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|10.920276|N|79.244594|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Tamil Nadu|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Taluk]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Papanasam taluk|Papanasam]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = village
| governing_body = panchayat
| leader_title = Panchayat President
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 8460
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 614207
| registration_plate = TN68
| website = www.rajaghiri.com
| footnotes =
}}

'''Rajagiri''' (also '''Rajaghiri''') is a panchayat village in the [[Papanasam taluk]] of [[Thanjavur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India.<ref name="Panchayat-Dir-2011">2011 Census Village code = 231745, {{Cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: Village Panchayat Names of Papanasam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu|publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India |url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=6325&parenttype=B&ptype=V|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723134250/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=6325&parenttype=B&ptype=V|archivedate=23 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Demographics ==

Rajagiri is one of the major villages of Papanasam taluk, Thanjavur dist., Tamil Nadu, India with population of more than 10,000 (as of 2014), but actual census in 2011 was 8,460 (45% male and 55% female).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Census of India 2011, Total Population and Population of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes for Village Panchayats and Panchayat Unions: Thanjavur District|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu|url=http://www.tnrd.gov.in/databases/census_of_india_2011TN/pdf/15Thanjavur.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728031540/http://www.tnrd.gov.in/databases/census_of_india_2011TN/pdf/15Thanjavur.pdf|archivedate=28 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
It is situate on the national highway NH-36 (old NH-45C), between Thanjavur and Kumbakonam, 22 km from Thanjavur city and 18 km from Kumbakonam town. Its longitude and latitude was 10.920276, 79.244594 respectively. Its ancient name was Raja Kesari Sathurvethi Mangalam.

Majority of its residents are Muslims. Dalits, Christians, and Hindus are also scattered living in its surroundings. Four big mosques, Ayyanar temple, Christian church are very famous religious identification.

There is a river Kudamurutti helping the farmers to cultivate the good food - grains. The river Thirumalai Rajan is a branch river of Kudamurutti which start from here in Rajagiri. The dam in Rajagiri with these two rivers are helping to farmers for agriculture of Papanasam, Valangaiman, and some area of Thiruvarur and Nagappattinam Taluks.

It is predominantly agriculture based. A sizable population of people took up jobs in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. As the opportunities in these countries diminished, educated younger generation opted for lucrative jobs in Arab countries of the Persian Gulf (Dubai, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia) and few of them in England and United States of America. Nowadays, most probability every household in the village has at least one person in the Persian Gulf (Middle East Countries).

The railway station, which has two platforms as Pandaravadai is share with Rajagiri. A government hospital is situated in puthu road is share with Rajagiri and Pandaravadai.

The level of education in the village is comparatively high in spite of absence of a high school as late as a decade ago. In order to fill the gap, opted for an English-medium school, which recently blossomed into a higher secondary schools, run by private managements. Beside this, there is a high school, elementary school by private management, a government primary school and exclusive government approved Islamic girl’s higher secondary school with hostel facilities. The recent literacy is identified as 95%.

Its postal pin-code is 614207, village panchayat code is 231745, and the STD code 04374 is share with Papanasam telephone exchange. Additionally, maintenance branch of Papanasam telecom is also running in Rajagiri.

A government library is running near JP Nagar, which is newly formed areas. The Centre of village is called Santhi-Kadu is a major market of its surrounding areas. Beside this, lot of commercial shopping markets (including fancy, textiles, super markets, all building materials, currency exchanges, foreign commodities, medical shops, computer training centers, auto mechanic shops including hiring vehicles) are also very famous even surrounding of this village. Even though it was register as village panchayat, actually look like small town. Consequently, many business persons and employees have transferred from their native to here for their financial growth.

There are two nationalized banks such as Indian overseas bank and Bank of India, are also very famous to trade by executives and residents of its surrounding area. additionally huge shops are running on the main road of Rajagiri.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Thanjavur district]]

Painganga Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-01-19T13:58:54Z

PiperByrum18:

{{Short description|Wildlife sanctuary in Maharashtra, India}}
{{no footnotes|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Painganga Wildlife Sanctuary
| iucn_category = IV
| map = India Maharashtra#India
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| mapframe-zoom = 9
| location = Nanded and Yavatmal districts, Maharashtra, India
| area = 325 km²
| established = 1996
}}[[File:Painganga-Wildlife-Sanctuary.jpg|thumb|Entry gate of Painganga Wildlife Sanctuary]]
'''Painganga Wildlife Sanctuary''' is the name given to the protected forests on both sides of the [[Painganga River]] which divides [[Yavatmal district]] and [[Nanded district]], Maharashtra, India. The Painganga Wildlife Sanctuary was established on January 1, 1996. It covers an area of about 325 sq. km. in the [[Pusad]] forest, in which [[teak]] is the main tree. Supervision and direct control is in the hands of the sub-conservator (wildlife) Pandharkavada, reporting to the Government of Maharashtra.

==Description==
The sanctuary is surrounded on three sides by water.<ref>believed to be one of only a few so situated, if not the only one.{{cn|date=July 2022}}</ref>

Painganga Wildlife Sanctuary is about 150 km from [[Yavatmal]] and is accessible by bus either via Yavatmal Umarkhed or via Yavatmal-Mahagaon-Dhanki-Bittergaon, or else by private vehicles or autorickshaws from Umarkhed or Dhanki Bittergaon.

===Species===
Due to annual rainfall of between 1000 mm and 1500 mm and the surrounding Painganga river reservoir, many trees grow in the sanctuary area, including ''arjun'' ([[Terminalia arjuna]]), ''amla'' ([[Phyllanthus emblica]]), ''kadamba'' ([[Neolamarckia cadamba]]), ''gulvel'' ([[Tinospora cordifolia]]), ''charoli'' ([[Buchanania lanzan]]), ''chinch'' ([[tamarind]]), ''dhavda'' ([[Anogeissus latifolia]]), ''behda'' ([[Terminalia bellirica]]), ''moha'' ([[Madhuca longifolia]]), ''sag'' ([[drumstick tree]], otherwise moringa) and ''haldu'' ([[Haldina cordifolia]]).

There are about 200 species of herbs in the sanctuary, also reeds and grasses (for example, ''kusali, khas, tirkadi, pavanya, marvel''). The animals are mostly herbivores and insectivores: [[Indian pangolin|pangolins]], [[chinkara]], [[chital]], [[four-horned antelope]] (chausinga), [[nilgai]], [[Indian muntjac]], ''masanya ud'', etc., with small carnivores and omnivores: [[striped hyena]]s (''taras''), [[jungle cats]], [[sloth bears]], foxes. Larger carnivores include leopards and wild dogs.

Reptiles in this sanctuary include [[Pythonidae|python]], [[Russell's viper]] (''ghona''), [[Bengal monitor]] (''ghorpad''), [[Indian rat snake]] (''dhaman''), [[saw-scaled viper]] (''fursa''), red-mouthed lizards,{{sic}} and others and there are many species of birds.

There is a forest department rest house in Kharbi village near the entrance of the sanctuary.

== Kinwat Sanctuary ==
Common to Yavatmal and Nanded districts, but mostly in the Nanded district, there is another sanctuary called Kinwat Sanctuary. This sanctuary is also in the valley of the Painganga river. Its total area in both the districts is 219 sq. km. The nearest railway station is Kinwat on the Mudkhed-Adilabad railway line and the distance from the railway station to the sanctuary is 5 km. This sanctuary is 138 km from Nanded by road or by autorickshaw from Paida Nagdav. There are regular bus services from Yavatmal and Nanded. The forest gets drinking water every twelve months.

It is a dry deciduous forest containing teak, ''salai, haldu, kullu, sawar, moi, ain'' and other trees and wild animals such as tiger, ''bibte'', nilgai, bear, [[Sambar deer|sambar]], chital, chinkara, wild boar and muntjac. Bird life is also rich.

Accommodation is available at Painganga Wildife Sanctuary rest house, and at Kinwat Forest rest houses at Kharbi, Korat, Morchadi, Sondabi and Chikhli.

==Notes and references==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*[https://mahaforest.gov.in/writereaddata/managementpdf/1441447185VOLUME-I.pdf ''Government of Maharashtra: Working Plan for Pusad Forest Division, Yavatmal Forest Circle, for the Period 2008-2009 to 2017-2018'' vol 1, by Dr Dinesh Kumar Tyagi, I.F.S., and G. Rama Krishna Rao, I.F.S., Conservator of Forests, 2007]
*''Biodiversity and Its Conservation in India'', Sharad Singh Negi, Indus Publishing, 1993, pp. 236-237
*''Handbook of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Biodiversity Reserves in India'', Sharad Singh Negi, Indus Publishing, 2002, p. 137
*''National Parks and Sanctuaries in Maharashtra: Individual Profile and Management Status'', Pratibha Pande and Neema Pathak, Bombay Natural History Society 2005, pp. 264-266
*''Renewable Energy and Environment'', Prof Sagar Sankpal 2014, RUT, pp. 116-118
*[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/karhandla-and-tipeshwar-cant-be-tiger-reserves/articleshow/54926533.cms "Karhandla and Tipeshwar can't be tiger reserves?" in ''Times of India'', 19 Oct 2016, Vijay Pinjarkar]

==External links==
*[https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/-/painganga-wildlife-sanctuary Painganga Wildlife Sanctuary website]
*[https://www.tourmyindia.com/states/maharashtra/painganga-wildlife-sanctuary.html TourMyIndia.com: Painganga Wildlife Sanctuary]
*[https://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction_Review-g778617-d4088760-Reviews-Painganga_Wildlife_Sanctuary-Yavatmal_Yavatmal_District_Maharashtra.html Tripadvisor - Painganga Wildlife Sanctuary]
*[https://www.nativeplanet.com/yavatmal/attractions/painganga-wildlife-sanctuary/ NativePlanet.com - Painganga Wildlife Sanctuary]

{{coord|19|35|10|N|78|02|30|E|type:landmark_region:IN_dim:20000|display=title}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Maharashtra]]

Kinthali

2026-01-18T22:51:02Z

PiperByrum18: Adding the biography v1!

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kinthali
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 =
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =<ref name=census>{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook - Srikakulam|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2811_PART_B_DCHB_SRIKAKULAM.pdf|website=Census of India|accessdate=22 September 2015|page=27,408|format=PDF}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 4.58
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 4005
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kinthali''' is a village in [[Srikakulam district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in [[Ponduru]] [[mandal]] (a.k.a. tehsil or administrative division) of Srikakulam revenue division.<ref>{{cite web |title=District Level Mandal wise List of Villages in Andhra Pradesh |url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/Srikakulam.pdf|website=Chief Commissioner of Land Administration|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=25 November 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214094218/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/Srikakulam.pdf|archivedate=14 December 2014|page=6|format=PDF}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Srikakulam district]]

2025 Bengaluru crowd crush

2026-01-12T11:52:19Z

PiperByrum18: Put up a details - done

{{Short description|Crowd crush in Bengaluru, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox disaster
| title = 2025 Bengaluru crowd crush
| location = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]], India
| date = 4 June 2025
| time = 3:30 pm – 5:30 pm
| timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| type = [[Crowd crush]]
| fatalities = 11
| injuries = 56
| cause = Overcrowding during celebrations
}}
On 4 June 2025, a [[crowd crush]] occurred in [[Bengaluru]], India, during the celebrations of [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]'s maiden [[2025 Indian Premier League final|Indian Premier League]] title win. Eleven people were killed and 56 others were injured in the crush, which took place outside the [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], the team's home ground, where a large number of fans had gathered for the team's felicitation event.

== Background ==
On 3 June 2025, [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] (RCB) won the [[2025 Indian Premier League]] (IPL), defeating the [[Punjab Kings]] by 6 runs in the [[2025 Indian Premier League final|final]] to secure their first ever IPL title.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ipl-2025-champions-league-rcb-psg-virat-kohli-luis-enrique-2736028-2025-06-05|title=RCB win IPL 2025, PSG clinch Champions League: Two iconic triumphs, one blueprint|date=5 June 2025|access-date=7 June 2025|work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> The RCB team flew to Bengaluru on 4 June, and was honoured on the steps of the [[Vidhana Soudha]] by Karnataka chief minister [[Siddaramaiah]], deputy chief minister [[D. K. Shivakumar]] and governor [[Thawar Chand Gehlot]] between 4 pm and 5 pm.<ref>{{cite news |title=RCB Felicitation Bengaluru: Karnataka Govt Honours IPL Champions at Vidhana Soudha |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/karnataka-govt-felicitates-ipl-champions-rcb-at-vidhana-soudha-3571081 |access-date=5 June 2025 |work=Deccan Herald |date=4 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="TIE">{{cite news |title=Bengaluru stampede: Hospital records show first death occurred before RCB felicitation at Vidhana Soudha |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/bengaluru-stampede-hospital-records-show-first-death-occurred-before-rcb-felicitation-at-vidhana-soudha-10061325/ |access-date=20 June 2025 |work=The Indian Express |date=12 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref> An [[open top bus]] victory parade from the Vidhana Soudha to the [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]] was planned,<ref>{{cite news|date=4 June 2025|title=RCB to hold victory parade in Bengaluru after maiden IPL win|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/rcb-victory-parade-in-bengaluru-on-june-4-after-ipl-2025-win/article68012312.ece|access-date=4 June 2025|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> but cancelled just hours before the event as the [[Bengaluru Police]] denied permission citing traffic congestion in the [[Bengaluru Central Business District|central business district]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bengaluru IPL celebrations: No open bus parade for RCB due to traffic congestion fears |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ipl-2025-rcbs-open-top-bus-parade-in-bengaluru-cancelled-2735537-2025-06-04 |access-date=20 June 2025 |work=India Today |date=4 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref> It was announced that the team would instead proceed directly to the stadium for a felicitation ceremony scheduled to begin at 5 pm.<ref name="NDTV">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/celebrations-then-tragedy-a-timeline-of-bengaluru-stampede-that-killed-11-8591154|title=Celebrations, Then Tragedy: A Timeline Of Bengaluru Stampede That Killed 11|date=5 June 2025|access-date=5 June 2025|work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

== Incident ==
Crowds began forming outside the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium by 2 pm and the steady influx of people stalled vehicular traffic on the adjoining streets.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|title=11 die in Bengaluru stampede as RCB victory celebrations turn tragic|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/rcb-ipl-victory-celebrations-stampede-bengaluru-death-toll/article69656538.ece|access-date=4 June 2025|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 June 2025}}</ref> An announcement of free passes on the team's official [[Twitter]] account at 3:14 pm caused confusion, with many fans arriving without entry passes.<ref name="HT"/> After 3:30 pm, a crowd crush occurred across eight entry gates<ref>{{cite news |title=Bengaluru stampede case: What we know so far on RCB's celebrations that turned catastrophic |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/bengaluru-stampede-case-what-we-know-so-far-on-rcbs-celebrations-that-turned-catastrophic/articleshow/121670873.cms |access-date=20 June 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=6 June 2025 |quote=Following this, a stampede occurred at gate numbers 2, 2A, 6, 7, 15, 17, 18, and 21.}}</ref> as fans tried to enter the stadium, forcing their way past barricades and scaling fences and walls.<ref name="NDTV"/><ref name="The Hindu"/><ref name="HT">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rcb-event-turns-deadly-what-led-to-the-bengaluru-stampede-killing-11-cricket-fans-101749087650141.html|title=Bengaluru stampede: What led to deadly crush at RCB's IPL victory event?|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=5 June 2025|access-date=5 June 2025}}</ref> Police attempted to control the crowd using [[Baton charge|lathi charge]].<ref name="HT"/><ref>{{cite news|title=At least 22 die in crowd chaos outside Indian cricket stadium|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/seven-dead-stampede-outside-indias-bengaluru-cricket-stadium-tv-channels-say-2025-06-04/|access-date=6 June 2025|work=[[Reuters]]|date=4 June 2025}}</ref>

Emergency services arrived at the scene, and the injured were transported to nearby hospitals.<ref name="NDTV"/> Between 3:45 pm and 5:15 pm, eleven people were confirmed [[dead on arrival]], with six deaths recorded at the state-run [[Bowring & Lady Curzon Hospitals]] and five deaths at two other private hospitals.<ref name="TIE"/><ref name="The Hindu"/><ref>{{cite news|author=Imran Qureshi|title=Eleven die in Bengaluru crush as fans gather for IPL victory parade|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdr5mrrj1ego|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=5 June 2025|date=4 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=RCB IPL 2025 victory parade: 7 dead, over 30 injured in stampede outside Bengaluru's M Chinnaswamy Stadium|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/rcb-ipl-2025-victory-parade-7-dead-over-30-injured-in-stampede-outside-bengalurus-m-chinnaswamy-stadium/articleshow/121623815.cms|access-date=4 June 2025|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|issn=0971-8257|archive-date=4 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604124527/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/rcb-ipl-2025-victory-parade-7-dead-over-30-injured-in-stampede-outside-bengalurus-m-chinnaswamy-stadium/articleshow/121623815.cms|url-status=live }}</ref> Four deaths occurred near gate 7, two near gate 6, one near gate 1, and four between gates 17 and 21. A total of 56 people were reported injured, including 51 minor, 2 moderate, and 3 serious injuries, who were treated at various hospitals.<ref name="lack">{{cite news |title=Bengaluru stampede: Karnataka government admits before High Court lack of preparation to handle crowd of 2.5 lakh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/karnataka-high-court-seeks-report-on-stampede-during-rcb-victory-celebrations-in-bengaluru/article69659641.ece |access-date=20 June 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=5 June 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

The RCB team arrived at the stadium at 5:30 pm; the felicitation ceremony was cut short after reports of casualties started to emerge.<ref name="HT"/>

== Investigation ==
The [[Government of Karnataka]] ordered an investigation into the incident.<ref name="HT"/> According to the government's testimony in a [[Karnataka High Court]] hearing, over 1,400 police personnel had been deployed around the stadium and approximately 250,000 fans had gathered on the surrounding streets, including people who had arrived from outside Karnataka.<ref>{{cite news |title='Not sparing anyone': What Karnataka government told high court on Bengaluru stampede |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/not-sparing-anyone-what-karnataka-government-told-high-court-on-bengaluru-stampede-101749121142385.html |access-date=5 June 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |date=5 June 2025}}</ref> The government admitted that the event was conducted without any [[standard operating procedure]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bengaluru stampede: Karnataka government admits before High Court lack of preparation to handle crowd of 2.5 lakh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/karnataka-high-court-seeks-report-on-stampede-during-rcb-victory-celebrations-in-bengaluru/article69659641.ece |access-date=5 June 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=5 June 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref> The police stated that about 50,000 people were present in a 1 km radius of the stadium.<ref name="NDTV"/><ref name="HT"/>

On 5 June, the Bengaluru Police filed a [[first information report]] (FIR) against the RCB franchise, event organiser DNA Entertainment, and the stadium operator [[Karnataka State Cricket Association]], alleging that the three entities went ahead with the felicitation ceremony without police permission and in defiance of their instructions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kishore |first1=Shashank |title=Police file FIR against RCB after deaths of 11 fans |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/police-file-fir-against-rcb-after-deaths-of-11-fans-1489250 |access-date=5 June 2025 |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=5 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bengaluru stampede: FIR filed against RCB event organizers and KSCA for criminal negligence|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/india/bengaluru-stampede-fir-filed-against-rcb-event-organizers-and-ksca-for-criminal-negligence/articleshow/121649788.cms|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=5 June 2025|access-date=5 June 2025}}</ref> The state government suspended five police officers, including the [[Commissioner of the Bangalore City Police|city commissioner]], for failing to ensure adequate crowd control and security arrangements at the venue.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rcb-ipl-victory-parade-stampede-death-toll-virat-kohli-chinnaswamy-stadium-live/article69656707.ece|title=Bengaluru city chief B. Dayananda suspended, announces new commissioner Seemanth Kumar Singh|date=6 June 2025|access-date=6 June 2025|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bengaluru Stampede: Two Senior Cops Suspended, CM Orders Probe|url=https://www.news18.com/india/bengaluru-stampede-live-updates-chinnaswamy-stadium-rcb-victory-celebration-liveblog-9368593.html|work=[[News18]]|date=5 June 2025|access-date=6 June 2025|archive-date=6 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250606035209/https://www.news18.com/india/bengaluru-stampede-live-updates-chinnaswamy-stadium-rcb-victory-celebration-liveblog-9368593.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 6 June, Nikhil Sosale, the marketing head of RCB was arrested at [[Kempegowda International Airport]] while waiting to board a flight. He was remanded to police custody till 7 June.<ref>{{cite news|title=RCB marketing head Nikhil Sosale arrested at Bengaluru airport|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rcb-marketing-head-nikhil-sosale-on-way-to-mumbai-arrested-at-bengaluru-airport-in-case-of-stampede-2736502-2025-06-06|work=[[India Today]]|date=6 June 2025|archive-date=6 June 2025|access-date=6 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250606030547/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rcb-marketing-head-nikhil-sosale-on-way-to-mumbai-arrested-at-bengaluru-airport-in-case-of-stampede-2736502-2025-06-06|url-status=live}}</ref> On 6 June, the Karnataka High Court granted an interim stay on police action against KSCA officials, while Sosale also challenged his arrest in the court.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rcb-official-challenges-arrest-as-court-grants-interim-relief-to-ksca-administrators-1489275|title=RCB official challenges arrest as court grants interim relief to KSCA administrators|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|date=6 June 2025|access-date=6 June 2025}}</ref> On July 1, 2025, the [[Central Administrative Tribunal]] blamed the Royal Challengers Bengaluru (RCB) for the stampede, stating that police permission had not been obtained and that the police were not given sufficient time to make crowd management arrangements.<ref>{{Cite web |title="No Aladdin Ka Chirag": Relief For IPS Suspended Over Bengaluru Stampede |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tribunal-blames-rcb-for-bengaluru-stampede-revokes-ips-officers-suspension-8806253 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Reaction ==
[[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] expressed his condolences on social media, mourning the loss of lives and emphasizing the need for improved safety and event management protocols to prevent such tragedies in the future.<ref>{{dead link|date=September 2025}}{{cite news|title=PM Modi expresses grief over Bengaluru stampede|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/pm-modi-reacts-to-bengaluru-stampede-after-rcb-victory/articleshow/121625182.cms|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=4 June 2025|access-date=4 June 2025|archive-date=4 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604192236/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/pm-modi-reacts-to-bengaluru-stampede-after-rcb-victory/articleshow/121625182.cms|url-status=live }}</ref> The chief minister of Karnataka told that excessive crowds resulted in the crush and such crowds were not expected the next day after the match ended late the previous day.<ref name="HT"/> State opposition [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] demanded a thorough investigation into the management of the event, criticizing the handling of the situation and urging accountability.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 June 2025|title=Bengaluru's Chinnaswamy Stadium Stampede Updates: BJP slams Karnataka government over chaos, wants judicial inquiry|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/bengaluru/story/bengaluru-stampede-dead-chinnaswamy-stadium-amid-rcb-ipl-victory-celebrations-2735702-2025-06-04|access-date=4 June 2025|work=[[India Today]]|archive-date=4 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604122518/https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/bengaluru/story/bengaluru-stampede-dead-chinnaswamy-stadium-amid-rcb-ipl-victory-celebrations-2735702-2025-06-04|url-status=live }}</ref> The government announced a compensation of {{INRconvert|1|m}} for each of the deceased and pledged to cover all medical expenses incurred by those injured during the incident.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/karnataka-cm-announces-rs-10-lakh-aid-for-bengaluru-stampede-victims-kin-orders-magisterial-inquiry-11749048169965.html|title=Karnataka CM Siddaramaiah announces ₹10 lakh aid for Bengaluru stampede victims' kin, orders magisterial inquiry|work=[[Live Mint]]|date=4 June 2025|access-date=4 June 2025|archive-date=4 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604151703/https://www.livemint.com/news/karnataka-cm-announces-rs-10-lakh-aid-for-bengaluru-stampede-victims-kin-orders-magisterial-inquiry-11749048169965.html|url-status=live}}</ref> RCB management also announced a similar compensation for the dead.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/ipl-2025/rcb-announce-rs-10-lakh-aid-to-families-of-each-chinnaswamy-stampede-victim-8594440|title=RCB Announce Rs 10 Lakh Aid To Families Of Each Chinnaswamy Stampede Victim|work=[[NDTV]]|date=6 June 2025|access-date=6 June 2025|archive-date=5 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250605222621/https://sports.ndtv.com/ipl-2025/rcb-announce-rs-10-lakh-aid-to-families-of-each-chinnaswamy-stampede-victim-8594440|url-status=live}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2025 Liverpool parade incident]]
* [[2025 Paris Saint-Germain celebration riots]]
* [[Crowd collapses and crushes#Crowd "stampedes"|Crowd "stampedes"]]{{snd}}Why the term "stampede" is inaccurate and inappropriate.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Human crushes}}
{{Disasters in India in 2025}}

[[Category:2025 disasters in India]]
[[Category:Crowd collapses and crushes in India]]
[[Category:June 2025 in India]]
[[Category:2020s in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Disasters in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Human stampedes in India]]

Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport

2026-01-08T04:41:14Z

PiperByrum18: general update content based on references additionally and corrected details

{{short description|Transport and electricity provider in Mumbai, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Brihanmumbai Electricity Supply and Transport Undertaking
| logo = BEST Undertaking logo.png
| image = Electric-House.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Electric House, [[Colaba]], headquarters of BEST
| former_name = 1873 as Bombay Tramway Company Limited ([[horsecar]]) ---- 1905 as Bombay Electric Supply & Tramways Company Limited (BEST) ([[tram]]ways and electricity) ---- 1947 as [[Bombay Electric Supply and Transport]] (BEST) (transport and electricity) ---- 1995 as Brihanmumbai Electric Supply & Transport (BEST) (transport and electricity)
| type = Autonomous [[state-owned enterprise]]
| parent = [[Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai]]
| foundation = [[Mumbai]] (1873)
| location = Electric House, [[Colaba]], Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| key_people = [[Anil Diggikar]] (general manager) Ashish Chemburkar (chairman)
| num_employees = 44,000 (2005)
| industry = [[BEST Transport division|Public transport]] – Tram (1873–1964), [[Trolleybus]] (1962–1971), Bus (1926–present) ---- Electricity (1905–present)
| revenue = {{profit}}[[Indian rupee|₹]] 2,353.4 million ($538.7m USD) (2004)
| profit = {{loss}}₹620.4 million. ($14.2m USD) (2004)
| website = {{url|bestundertaking.com}}
}}

The '''Brihanmumbai Electricity Supply and Transport Undertaking''' ('''BEST''') is an Indian civic transport and electricity provider public body based in [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra. It was originally set up in 1873 as a [[tram]]way company called Bombay Tramway Company Limited. The enterprise set up a [[Captive power plant|captive]] [[thermal power station]] at Wadi Bunder in 1905 to generate electricity for its trams, which positioned it to also supply electricity to the city. It then re-branded to Bombay Electric Supply & Tramways Company (BEST). In 1926, BEST began operating motor buses. In 1947, the company became an undertaking of the municipal corporation and rebranded itself to Bombay Electric Supply & Transport. In 1995, it was renamed Brihanmumbai Electric Supply & Transport. It now operates as an autonomous body under the municipal corporation.

BEST operates one of India's largest bus fleets. Its service covers the entire city and also extends into neighbouring urban areas. In addition to buses, it also operates a [[Water transport in Mumbai|ferry service]] in the northern reaches of Mumbai. The electricity division of the organisation is also one of the few electricity departments in India to garner an annual gross profit.

==History==
===1865–1873: Early proposals===
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2025}}

The idea of a mass public transport system for [[Bombay]] was first put forward in 1865 by an American company, which applied for a licence to operate a [[Horse-car|horse-drawn]] [[tram]]way system. Although a licence was granted, the project was never realized due to the prevailing economic depression in the city brought on by the end of the [[American Civil War]], during which Bombay had made vast strides in its economy by supplying cotton and textiles to the world market. The tender was abandoned in 1871.

===1873–1905: Bombay Tramway Company Limited, introduction of horse-drawn trams===
{{More citations needed|section|date=February 2025}}

The Bombay Tramway Company Limited (BTC) was formally set up in 1873. After the signing of a contract between BTC, the municipality, and Stearns and Kitteredge, the [[Bombay Presidency]] enacted the Bombay Tramways Act, 1874, under which the company was licensed to run a horsecar tramway service in the city.<ref>{{cite book |title=Quarterly journal of the Local Self Government Institute (Mumbai) |chapter=Growth of Mumbai & its Municipal Corporation |year=1976 |page=13}}</ref> On 9 May 1874, the first horse-drawn tram made its debut, plying the [[Colaba]]–[[Pydhone]] route via [[Crawford Market]], and [[Bori Bunder]] to [[Pydhonie]] via [[Kalbadevi]]. The initial fare was three [[Anna (monetary subunit)|annas]] (15 [[Paisa|paise]]) , and no tickets were issued. As the service became increasingly popular, the fare was reduced to two annas (10 paise). Later that year, tickets were issued for the first time to curb increasing ticketless travel.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mumbai, the city of dreams: a history of the first city in India |last=David |first=M. D. |year=1995 |publisher=Himalaya Publishing House |pages=199–200}}</ref> Stearns and Kitteredge reportedly had a stable of 900 horses when tram service began.

In 1882, the municipality entered into an agreement with the Eastern Electric Light and Power Company to provide electric lighting in the Crawford Market and on some roads. The company went into liquidation the following year, however, and the market reverted to gas lighting. In 1899, BTC applied to the municipality for operation of electrically operated trams. Due to the high investment required, the company suggested that the [[Bombay Municipal Corporation]] (BMC) should waive its right to take over the tramways, which was to take place in 1901 according to the Bombay Tramways Act. Instead, the BMC decided to take over the company but was met with several legal problems. In 1904, the [[British Electric Traction Company]] applied for a license to supply electricity to the city. The [[Brush Electrical Engineering Company]] was its agent. It got the "Bombay Electric License" on 31 July 1905 signed by BTC, the Bombay municipality, and its agent, the Brush Electrical Company.

===1905–1947: Bombay Electric Supply & Tramway Company Limited, introduction of electric trams and buses===
[[File:BEST-early-trams.jpg|thumb|Mumbai's first electric tram, in 1907]]
[[File:BEST-gas-lamp.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Gas lamps of the early 20th century]]

In 1905, the Bombay Electric Supply & Tramway Company Limited (BEST) was formed and was granted a monopoly for electric supply and the running of an electric tram service in the city. It bought the assets of the Bombay Tramway Company for {{INR}}{{formatnum:9850000}}.<ref name="Company">{{cite web |url=http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap05.asp |title=Electricity Arrives in Mumbai |publisher=BEST Undertaking |access-date=12 October 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011063810/http://www.bestundertaking.com/his_chap05.asp |archive-date=11 October 2006 }}</ref> Two years later, in 1907, the first electric tram debuted in the city. Later that year, a {{convert|4300|kW|hp}} [[steam power]] generator was commissioned at Wari Bunder. In 1916, the [[Tata Power]] group began purchasing power, and by 1925, all power generation was outsourced from Tata.<ref name="Electricity">{{cite web |url=http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap04.asp |title=Electricity Arrives in Mumbai |publisher=BEST Undertaking |access-date=12 October 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008192531/http://www.bestundertaking.com/his_chap04.asp |archive-date=8 October 2006 }}</ref> The passing years aggravated the problem of rush-hour traffic, and to ease the situation, [[double-decker tram]]s were introduced in September 1920.

[[File:Bombay B E S & T Co. Ltd. 1 Anna Token.jpg|thumb|alt=B E S & T Co. Ltd. 1 Anna Token|B E S & T Co. Ltd. 1 anna token booklet with advertisement of Bombay Mutual Life Insurance]]
[[File:BEST-first-bus-1926.jpg|thumb|Mumbai's first bus, in 1926]]

Since 1913, the company had been considering starting a [[Motor bus|motorised bus]] service. The main factor against its introduction was the high accident rate for a similar service in London. After years of debate, the company came to a decision on 10 February 1926 to start a bus service later that year. Bombay saw its first bus run on 15 July 1926, between [[Afghan Church]] and Crawford Market. Despite stiff opposition and protests by taxi drivers, the service ran without a hitch, transporting 600,000 passengers by the end of that year. The following year, the number had increased to 3.8 million. In response to pleas by the government and the Bombay Municipal Corporation, the company extended its services to the northern part of the city in 1934. The [[Indian independence movement]]'s call for mass nonviolent strikes and general [[civil disobedience]] led to regular service disruptions, causing the company to incur huge losses in 1929. The following year was a particular bad one for the company, in the wake of the [[Great Depression]]. To remain solvent, it decided to introduce discounted fares for short routes and increase its coverage to the northern portions of the city. In 1937, the introduction of [[double-decker bus]]es proved extremely popular.

[[File:Best-doubledecker-tram.jpg|thumb|left|Bombay's first [[double-decker tram]], in 1920]]

===1947–1995: Bombay Electric Supply & Transport, further expansion===
{{More citations needed|section|date=February 2025}}

Pursuant to the option given to it under the deed of concession granted to the Bombay Electric Supply and Tramways Co. Ltd, the BMC acquired the assets of the combined undertaking, namely the operation of tramways and distribution of electricity in the city of Bombay as a going concern on 7 August 1947. By mutual agreement, the corporation also took over the operation of bus services, which were run by the Bombay Electric Supply & Transport Company. Thus, the Bombay Electric Supply & Tramways Company was renamed Bombay Electric Supply & Transport.<ref name="Motor Bus">{{cite web|url=http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap03.asp |title=Motor-Bus Appears |publisher=BEST Undertaking |access-date=12 October 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115024212/http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap03.asp |archive-date=15 January 2010}}</ref><ref name="BES&T">{{cite web |url=http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap05.asp |title=B.E.S.&T. Company |publisher=BEST Undertaking |access-date=12 October 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011063810/http://www.bestundertaking.com/his_chap05.asp |archive-date=11 October 2006 }}</ref>

As the company grew, it increased its fleet from 242 to 582 buses over the next decade. In 1949, it took over the [[Bandra Bus Company]], which used to operate in [[Mumbai suburban district|Bombay's suburbs]].<ref name="Progress">{{cite web |url=http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap07.asp |title=Progress of the Bus Service |publisher=BEST Undertaking |access-date=12 October 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011193451/http://www.bestundertaking.com/his_chap07.asp |archive-date=11 October 2006}}</ref> In 1951, the electricity division switched over from [[direct current]] (DC) to the more efficient [[alternating current]] (AC). The company launched its services in the eastern suburbs in 1955. That year, the undertaking and private operators went to court with BEST, asking for a complete closure of the private companies. The case dragged on for four years before the [[Supreme Court of India]] granted the organisation a complete monopoly over bus services in the [[Greater Bombay]] area. In 1964, due to high operational costs and poor public support, its long-running tram services were terminated.<ref name="Tramways">{{cite web |url=http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap08.asp |title=Alternative modes of Transport |publisher=BEST Undertaking |access-date=12 October 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006092503/http://www.bestundertaking.com/his_chap08.asp |archive-date=6 October 2006}}</ref> The company became the first in the country to issue computerised billing in 1974. In 1994, it introduced electronic meters in a move to replace the less accurate electric meters.

A notable chairman of BEST during the 1970s was [[Kisan Mehta]], who was known for his social activism.<ref>{{cite news|title=Activist Kisan Mehta passes away|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/activist-kisan-mehta-passes-away/articleshow/46508975.cms|access-date=1 January 2024|work=[[Times of India]]|date=9 March 2015}}</ref>

===1995–present: Brihanmumbai Electric Supply & Transport, recent developments===
{{More citations needed|section|date=February 2025}}

With the renaming of the city from Bombay to Mumbai in 1995, the organization was rebranded as Brihanmumbai Electric Supply & Transport (BEST). Following a Supreme Court directive, the company gradually phased out old buses and introduced new ones that complied with [[Euro III]] pollution control standards.<ref name="Supply">{{cite web |url=http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap12.asp |title=Electric Supply |publisher=BEST Undertaking |access-date=12 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061009032917/http://www.bestundertaking.com/his_chap12.asp |archive-date=9 October 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On 19 November 2004, route SPL-8, travelling from [[Churchgate]] to the [[World Trade Centre (Mumbai)|World Trade Centre]], began accepting cashless [[smart card]]s for automatic fare collection on BEST buses.

==Transport department==
[[File:India.Mumbai.02.jpg|thumb|An old BEST [[double-decker bus]]]]
[[File:BEST-bus-front.jpg|thumb|A [[Compressed natural gas|CNG]]-powered BEST bus]]
[[File:Mumbai BEST Mini Feeder Bus 2020.jpg|thumb|A BEST AC minibus]]

===Rolling stock and depot===
In 1936, the company owned 433 trams and 128 buses.<ref>{{cite book |title=World Survey of Foreign Railways |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HxHLQGfxDa0C&pg=RA17-PA25 |year=1936 |publisher=Transportation Division, Bureau of foreign and domestic commerce, Washington D.C.|language=English |page=226d}}</ref>

{{As of|2023|May}}, BEST had a fleet of 3,228 buses. This comprised 525 diesel single-decker buses, 2,250 [[Compressed natural gas|CNG]] buses, 406 [[Battery electric bus|battery electric]] single-decker buses, 45 diesel [[double-decker bus]]es, and 7 battery electric double-decker buses.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=S |date=4 May 2023 |title=BEST's daily bus ridership falls by 2 lakh, fleet size shrinks 11% |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/bests-daily-bus-ridership-falls-by-2-lakh-fleet-size-shrinks-11/articleshow/99973036.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504180748/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/bests-daily-bus-ridership-falls-by-2-lakh-fleet-size-shrinks-11/articleshow/99973036.cms |archive-date=4 May 2023 |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Due to the National Vehicle Scrappage Policy, under which all government-owned vehicles older than 15 years are to be scrapped from 1 April 2023, BEST's fleet would be replaced by new vehicles running on [[alternative fuel]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2023 |title=9 lakh govt vehicles, buses older than 15 yrs to be scrapped from Apr 1: Gadkari |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/cars/9-lakh-govt-vehicles-buses-older-than-15-yrs-to-be-scrapped-from-apr-1-gadkari/articleshow/97449329.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202202417/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/cars/9-lakh-govt-vehicles-buses-older-than-15-yrs-to-be-scrapped-from-apr-1-gadkari/articleshow/97449329.cms |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=S |date=3 May 2023 |title=Most BEST double-decker buses to be phased out by year end |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/mumbai-bids-adieu-to-iconic-double-decker-buses-as-40-out-of-45-are-set-to-be-phased-out-by-year-end-due-to-safety-reasons-101683053775239-amp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503230401/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/mumbai-bids-adieu-to-iconic-double-decker-buses-as-40-out-of-45-are-set-to-be-phased-out-by-year-end-due-to-safety-reasons-101683053775239-amp.html |archive-date=3 May 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

The company placed a {{INRConvert|36750000000}} order with Olectra Greentech to supply and maintain 2,100 battery electric single-decker buses for a 12-year period in May 2022.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Mehta |first=M |date=24 May 2022 |title=BEST inks Rs 3,675 crore deal, India's biggest, to get 2,100 e-buses in 12 months |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/best-inks-3675cr-deal-indias-biggest-to-get-2100-e-buses-in-12-mths/articleshow/91752581.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710013722/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/best-inks-3675cr-deal-indias-biggest-to-get-2100-e-buses-in-12-mths/articleshow/91752581.cms |archive-date=10 July 2022 |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> In February 2023, India's first battery electric double-decker [[Air conditioning|AC]] bus was deployed by BEST on the A-115 route,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=S |date=21 February 2023 |title=Country's first electric double-decker bus launched on CSMT-NCPA route in Mumbai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/countrys-first-electric-double-decker-launched-on-csmt-ncpa-route-in-mumbai/articleshow/98110269.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316111311/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/countrys-first-electric-double-decker-launched-on-csmt-ncpa-route-in-mumbai/articleshow/98110269.cms |archive-date=16 March 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> one of 200 Switch EiV 22 models from [[Switch Mobility]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=18 August 2022 |title=Switch Mobility unveils India's first electric double-decker air-conditioned bus |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/switch-mobility-unveils-countrys-first-electric-double-decker-air-conditioned-bus/articleshow/93635213.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818082244/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/switch-mobility-unveils-countrys-first-electric-double-decker-air-conditioned-bus/articleshow/93635213.cms |archive-date=18 August 2022 |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> The target was to have a fully electric fleet by 2027.<ref name=":1" />

BEST also operates goods-carrying buses, [[Tow truck|breakdown vans]], sightseeing and party buses, tree-cutting double-decker buses, and driving school buses for training drivers. All buses have GPS devices installed, which provide real-time information to management as well as passengers. Inside the buses, there are [[Light-emitting diode|LED]] indicators displaying route and destination as well as upcoming stop names.<ref>Mumbai Mirror [http://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/cover-story/King-Long-buses-that-keep-breaking-down-are-not-King-Longs/articleshow/16233184.cms article] published on 29 August 2012</ref>

In April 2022, BEST rolled out the "Tap in and Tap out" ticketing system, making Mumbai the first city in India to get fully digital buses.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mumbai to Become First City in the Country to Get 100% Digital Buses with Tap in, Tap Out Facility |url=https://www.india.com/maharashtra/mumbai-becomes-first-city-to-get-100-digital-buses-with-tap-in-tap-out-facility-brihanmumbai-electric-supply-and-transport-buses-chalo-mobile-app-5347086/ |publisher=[[India.com]] |date=19 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Shashank |title=Tap-in/tap-out ticketing to start this week, BEST passengers will have to board bus from front; watch video |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-tap-intap-out-ticketing-to-start-this-week-best-passengers-will-have-to-board-bus-from-front-watch-video |publisher=[[The Free Press Journal]] |date=18 April 2022}}</ref>

===Bus routes===
BEST bus routes are spread citywide and extend to the neighbouring cities of [[Navi Mumbai]], [[Thane district|Thane]], and [[Mira-Bhayandar]].<ref name="timeline best">{{cite news|title=A timeline of BEST buses in Mumbai |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-a-timeline-of-best-buses-in-mumbai-1854866 |date=29 June 2013 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |location=Mumbai |access-date=11 March 2015}}</ref>

As of 2021, BEST ran approximately 3,800 buses,<ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/3-Puneites-in-race-for-Sammelan-presidentship/articleshow/3785766.cms |title=3 Puneites in race for Sammelan presidentship |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="Buses">{{cite web |title=Composition of Bus Fleet |publisher=BEST Undertaking |url=http://www.bestundertaking.com/trans_engg.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050212184403/http://www.bestundertaking.com/trans_engg.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 February 2005|access-date=12 October 2006}}</ref> ferrying 5 million passengers<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/aug/25best.htm |title=Now running TV ads in Mumbai's BEST buses |work=Rediff.com |access-date=5 August 2011}}</ref> over 443 routes, and had a workforce of 38,000, which included 22,000 drivers and conductors.

Besides buses, BEST operates a [[Water transport in Mumbai#Western Corridor|ferry service]] since 1981 in northern Mumbai, across [[Manori Creek]]. The [[barge]]s run at regular intervals across the shallow creek linking [[Manori]] to [[Marve]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bestundertaking.com/trans_botright.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020628154146/http://www.bestundertaking.com/trans_botright.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 June 2002 |title=Bus Transport Profile |publisher=Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST) |access-date=27 November 2009}}</ref>

The BEST bus service suffered two bombings, on [[6 December 2002 Mumbai Bus Bombing|6 December 2002]] and [[28 July 2003 Mumbai Bus Bombing|28 July 2003]], killing six people altogether. In August 2006, the company introduced payphone system and CCTVs on its buses as a response to terror attacks.<ref name="CCTV">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1049567|title=BEST makes a smart move|work=[[Daily News & Analysis]] |date=26 August 2006|access-date=12 October 2006}}</ref>

===Fares and ticketing===
{{Update|section|date=February 2025}}

BEST has several options to pay bus fares:
* Single journey (paper ticket issued by the bus conductor and validated by [[ticket punch]])
* Chalo App (digital ticket)
* Chalo Card
* [[National Common Mobility Card]]
Fares vary depending on the type of journey. Paper tickets are valid only for single journeys. Commuters also have the option to buy a daily pass, distance pass, and zonal pass. Students are eligible for discounts on monthly and quarterly passes and senior citizens for discounts on weekly, fortnightly, monthly, and quarterly passes.<ref name="Fares">{{cite web |url=https://bestundertaking.com/in/pdf/BusPassSchemeJuly2019.pdf |title=Buspass Scheme in Detail (2019) |publisher=BEST Undertaking |access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref>

===BEST Transport Museum===
The BEST Transport Museum is located at Anik bus depot in [[Wadala]]. It was set up in 1984 at BEST's [[Kurla]] depot and moved to Anik in 1993.<ref name="museum">{{cite news |author=Priyanka Bhosale |url=http://www.karmayog.org/knowmumbai/knowmumbai_15458.htm|title=Summer Past-time – BEST Transport Museum Wadala |publisher=Karmayog.org |access-date=16 December 2009}}</ref> Besides tracing the company's evolution, the museum houses mini models of BEST buses and trams.<ref name="BEST_museum">{{cite news |author=Time Out Mumbai |url=http://saregama.timeoutmumbai.net/kids/kids_features_details.asp?code=76 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724104717/http://saregama.timeoutmumbai.net/kids/kids_features_details.asp?code=76 |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 July 2011 |title=BEST Transport Museum |publisher=Time Out Mumbai |access-date=16 December 2009}}</ref>

==Electric department==
Since 1926, BEST has been sourcing its power from [[Tata Power]], part of the Tata Group conglomerate. Power cables are laid underground, which reduces pilferage and other losses that plague most other parts of India. The nominal rating of power supplied by BEST is 3-phase, 50 [[hertz|Hz]], 220/110 [[kilovolt|kV]]. Unlike the transport company, the electricity department services only the city of Mumbai and not its suburbs.<ref name="dnaindia1">[http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/1880455/report-the-best-is-the-best-option-for-mumbai The BEST is the best option for Mumbai]. Dnaindia.com. Retrieved on 6 December 2013.</ref>

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Public transport in Mumbai]]
* [[Water transport in Mumbai]]
* [[Maharashtra State Electricity Board]]
* [[Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* {{official website|bestundertaking.com}}
* {{cite web |title=Tram-car arrives |work=BEST Undertaking |url=http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap02.asp |access-date=27 August 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022233706/http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap02.asp |archive-date=22 October 2008 }}
* {{cite web |title=Motor-Bus appears |work=BEST Undertaking |url=http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap03.asp |access-date=27 August 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115024212/http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap03.asp |archive-date=15 January 2010}}
* {{cite web |title=Electricity arrives in Mumbai |work=BEST Undertaking |url=http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap04.asp |access-date=27 August 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050409144816/http://www.bestundertaking.com/his_chap04.asp |archive-date=9 April 2005 }}
* {{cite web |title=B.E.S.&T. Company |work=BEST Undertaking |url=http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap05.asp |access-date=27 August 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050903071002/http://www.bestundertaking.com/his_chap05.asp |archive-date=3 September 2005 }}
* {{cite web |title=B.E.S.T. Undertaking |work=BEST Undertaking |url=http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap06.asp |access-date=27 August 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050908094141/http://www.bestundertaking.com/his_chap06.asp |archive-date=8 September 2005 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web |title=Progress of Bus Service |work=BEST Undertaking |url=http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap07.asp |access-date=27 August 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011193451/http://www.bestundertaking.com/his_chap07.asp |archive-date=11 October 2006}}
* {{cite web |title=Alternative modes of transport |work=BEST Undertaking |url=http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap08.asp |access-date=27 August 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006092503/http://www.bestundertaking.com/his_chap08.asp |archive-date=6 October 2006}}
* {{cite web |title=Electric Supply |work=BEST Undertaking |url=http://bestundertaking.com/his_chap12.asp |access-date=27 August 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061009032917/http://www.bestundertaking.com/his_chap12.asp |archive-date=9 October 2006 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web|title=Organisational Setup (Transport) |work=BEST Undertaking |url=http://bestundertaking.com/trans_func.asp |access-date=27 August 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604204123/http://www.bestundertaking.com/trans_func.asp |archive-date=4 June 2009 }}
* {{cite web |title=Organisational Setup (Electric) |work=BEST Undertaking |url=http://bestundertaking.com/elec_key.asp |access-date=27 August 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029141237/http://www.bestundertaking.com/elec_key.asp |archive-date=29 October 2006 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web |title=Financial Highlights and Budget Estimates |work=BEST Undertaking |url=http://bestundertaking.com/finance.asp |access-date=27 August 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716061033/http://www.bestundertaking.com/finance.asp |archive-date=16 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web |title=Awards |work=BEST Undertaking |url=http://bestundertaking.com/trans_award.asp |access-date=27 August 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029141640/http://www.bestundertaking.com/trans_award.asp |archive-date=29 October 2006 |url-status=dead }}
{{div col end}}

{{Bus rapid transit in India}}
{{Mumbai topics}}
{{Power Plants of Maharashtra}}
{{Trams in India}}
{{State owned road transport companies in India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brihanmumbai Electric Supply And Transport}}
[[Category:Bus companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1873]]
[[Category:Defunct town tramway systems by city]]
[[Category:Electric power distribution network operators in India]]
[[Category:Energy companies established in 1873]]
[[Category:Energy in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Municipal transport agencies of India]]
[[Category:Railway companies established in 1873]]
[[Category:Tram transport in India]]
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:1873 establishments in India]]

Satyendranath Dutta

2026-01-06T17:08:03Z

PiperByrum18: adjusted article to improve readability

{{Short description|Bengali poet and rhymer (1882–1922)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox author
| name = Satyendranath Dutta
| image = Satyendranath dutta.jpg
| caption =
| native_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1882|02|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Nimta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|1922|06|25|1882|02|11|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], Bengal Presidency, British India
| spouse = Kanaklata Devi
| pseudonym = Navakumar, Kabiratna, Ashitipar Sharma, Tribikram Varman, Kalamgir
| occupation = Poet
| period = [[Tattwabodhini Sabha|Tattwabodhini]]
| notable_works = ''Fuler Fasal'' (1911) ''Kuhu O Keka'' (1912)
| awards =
}}

'''Satyendranath Dutta''' (also spelt '''Satyendranath Datta''' or '''Satyendra Nath Dutta'''; {{langx|bn|সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ দত্ত}}; 11 February 1882 – 25 June 1922) was a [[Bengali people|Bengali]] poet and is considered the "wizard of rhymes" ('ছন্দের জাদুকর'; {{lit|chhonder jadukar}}). Satyendranath Dutta was an expert in many disciplines of intellectual enquiry including medieval Indian history, culture, and mythology.<ref name=pedia>{{cite web |last1=Rasid |first1=Md. Harun-ar |title=Dutta, Satyendranath |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Dutta,_Satyendranath |website=Banglapedia |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Satyendranath Dutta was the son of Rajaninath Dutta, who was a trader. He was born on 11 February 1882 at [[Nimta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], British India. The family hailed from Chupi in [[Purba Bardhaman district]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Chakrabarti |first1=Kunal |last2=Chakrabarti |first2=Shubhra |title=Historical dictionary of the Bengalis |year=2013 |publisher=The Scarecrow Press |isbn=9780810853348 |oclc=861692768 |page=}}</ref> He was the only son of his parents.<ref name="Ramananda Chatterjee">{{Cite book |title=[[Prabasi]] |date=August 1922 |author=[[Ramananda Chatterjee]]}}</ref> His grandfather, [[Akshay Kumar Datta]], was a great thinker, [[Brahmo Samaj|Brahmo]] social reformer and writer who was the guiding spirit of the [[Tattwabodhini Patrika]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chakrabarti |first=Sumit |title=Local Selfhood, Global Turns: Akshay Kumar Dutta and Bengali Intellectual History in the Nineteenth Century |date=2023 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-009-33984-1 |series=South Asian Intellectual History |location=Cambridge}}</ref> After passing the school-leaving examination from the Central Collegiate School, Satyendranath received his graduate-level education from the General Assembly's Institution (now [[Scottish Church College]]) in [[Kolkata]]. He left without taking a degree. After unsuccessfully joining the ranks of his father in their family business, he quit that to devote his energies entirely to literary pursuits.<ref name="Sengupta">{{cite encyclopedia |editor1-last=Sengupta |editor1-first=Subodh Chandra |editor2-last=Basu |editor2-first=Anjali |year=1988 |orig-year=First published 1976 |script-title=bn:সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ দত্ত |trans-title=Satyendranath Dutta |script-encyclopedia=bn:সংসদ বাঙালি চরিতাভিধান |encyclopedia=Saṃsada bāṅāli caritābhidhāna |trans-encyclopedia=Parliament Bengali Biographical Dictionary |url=https://archive.org/details/Samsad-Bangali-Charitabhidhan-Ed2/page/৫৫৫/mode/1up |language=bn |volume=1 |edition=2nd |location=Kolkata |publisher=Sahitya Samsad |page=555}}</ref> He wrote poems like Jatir Pati.

==Personal life==
In 1903, Satyendranath Dutta married Kanaklata Devi, eldest daughter of Ishan Chandra Bose and Giribala Devi <ref name="ap">{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharya |first=Dipankar |script-title=bn:জলের ধার দিয়ে হাঁটার জন্যই সাঁতার ক্লাবে ভর্তি |trans-title=Joined the swimming club just to walk along the water |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/rabibashoriyo/satyendranath-dutta-started-swimming-lessons-just-to-walk-around-a-pond/cid/1331087 |work=Anandabazar Patrika |date=17 February 2022 |language=bn}}</ref> (her biological mother Noroda Sundari Devi, the first wife of Ishan Chandra Bose, died when Kanaklata and her siblings were young children). Kanaklata Devi was from a wealthy [[Hindu]] [[Kulin Kayastha]] family, originally hailing from [[Dhaka]] Nayabari and later settled at [[Howrah]] where the family owned estates. The marriage was fixed by their families, which was a common practice at that time. After Satyendranath Dutta's death in 1922, Kanaklata Devi lived a lonely life and died in December 1967.<ref>{{Cite book |title=KabyaSanchayan |author=SatyendraNath Dutta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Pinjore Boshiya |author=Kalyani Dutta |date=1996}}</ref><ref name="ap" /><ref name="Ramananda Chatterjee"/>

==Death==
He died on 25 June 1922, aged 40.<ref name="ap" /> [[Rabindranath Tagore]] has immortalized Satyendranath in a poem written after his death.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Satyendranath Dutta The Wizard of Rhymes |url=https://thereport.live/satyendranath-dutta-the-wizard-of-rhymes}}</ref> [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]] also wrote a poem titled 'Sayendranath' eulogizing his death.<ref>[http://sesquicentinnial.blogspot.com/2012/06/death-anniversary-of-satyendranath.html SMARAKA GRANTHA: Death anniversary of Satyendranath Dutta Observed]</ref>

==Works==
Satyendranath Dutta composed poems and initially composed poems for the Bengali magazine ''Bharati''. Although his stylistic nuances during this stage reflect the influence of [[Michael Madhusudan Dutt]], [[Akshay Kumar Baral]] and Debendranath Sen, his later poetry illustrates a greater resonance with the poetry of [[Rabindranath Tagore]].

Dutta wrote under multiple pseudonyms, including ''Nabakumar'', ''Kaviratna'', ''Ashitipar Sharma'', ''Tribikram Varman'' and ''Kalamgir''.

===Books of poems===
* ''Sabita'' (The Sun, 1900)
* ''Sandhiksan'' (The Opportune Moment, 1905)
* ''Benu O Bina''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.316609 |title=Benu O Bina |last=Dutta |first=Satyendranath |year=1906}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.338471 |title=Homshikha |last=Dutta |first=Satyendranath |date=1907}}</ref> (The Blaze of the Yagya, 1907)
* ''Fuler Fasal''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.301003 |title=Phuler Fasal Ed. 3rd |last=Dutta |first=Satyendranath}}</ref> (The Harvest of Flowers, 1911)
* ''Kuhu O Keka''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.511175 |title=Kuhu O Keka |last=Dutta |first=Satyendranath |date=1912}}</ref> (Song of Cuckoo and Peahen, 1912)
* ''Tulir Likhon''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.337410 |title=Tulir Likhan |last=Dutta |first=Satyendranath |date=1914}}</ref> (Written with a Brush, 1914)
* ''Abhra-Avir''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.355126 |title=Abhra - Abir E' |year=1915}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.301972 |title=Biday-arati Ed. 4th |last=Dutta |first=Satyendranath}}</ref> (Farewell Hymn, 1924)
* ''Kavyasanchayan''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.352878 |title=Kabya Sanchayan |last=Dutta |first=Satyendranath}}</ref> (Collected Poems, 1930)
* ''Shishu-Kavita'' (Children's Poetry, 1945)
* ''Bhorai'' (The song of Dawn)
* ''Tirtha-renu''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.338784 |title=Tirtharenu |last=Dutta |first=Satyendranath |date=1910}}</ref>
* ''Tirtha-Salil'' <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.513417 |title=Tirtha-salil |last=Dutta |first=satyendranath |date=1908}}</ref>

==Other works==
* ''Janmaduhkhi'' (Destined to be sad from Birth - novel, 1912)
* ''Chiner Dhup'' (Chinese incense - essays, 1912)
* ''Rangamalli''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.265887 |title=Rangamalli Ed. 2nd |last=Dutta |first=Satyendranath |date=1906}}</ref> (play, 1913)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Banglapedia|Dutta,_Satyendranath}}
* {{OL author|OL13458A}}
* [http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/browse?type=author&order=ASC&rpp=20&value=DUTTA,+SATYENDRANATH Satyendranath Dutta] at the West Bengal Public Library Network

{{Bengal Renaissance}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dutta, Sattendranath}}
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1882 births]]
[[Category:1922 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Bengali poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali poets]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Bengali-language poets]]
[[Category:Bengali male poets]]
[[Category:Brahmos|Dutta, Satyendranath]]
[[Category:Scottish Church College alumni|Dutta, Satyendranath]]
[[Category:People from Purba Bardhaman district|Dutta, Satyendranath]]
[[Category:Translators to Bengali]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Poets from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from West Bengal]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian male non-fiction writers]]

Prakash Padgaonkar

2026-01-02T23:00:41Z

PiperByrum18: New!

{{Short description|Indian poet (1948–2021)}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Prakash Damodar Padgaonkar
| image = Prakash padgaonkar-Konkani Vishwakosh.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date|1948|12|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|4|29|1948|12|4|df=y}}
| death_cause = [[COVID-19]]
| occupation = [[Poet]], administrator
| language = [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| spouse = Sanjeevi
| children = 4
| notable_works = ''Hanv Monis Ashwatthamo'' ''Uzvaddachim Pavlam'' ''Vascoyan''
| awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1986) Dr. T.M.A. Pai Foundation Best Book Award (2005) Rajya Sanman (2007)
}}
'''Prakash Damodar Padgaonkar''' (4 December 1948 – 29 April 2021) was an Indian poet known for his works in the [[Konkani language]]. He also wrote poetry in [[Marathi language|Marathi]]. He was a recipient of the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in [[Konkani language|Konkani]].

==Early life and education==
Padgaonkar was born on 4 December 1948 in [[Mumbai]], India. His parents were Damodar and Vijaya. He was raised in a [[Dalit]] family and faced poverty and significant hardships during his childhood.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999">{{cite wikisource |last1=Naik |first1=Pundalik |author-link1=Pundalik Naik |editor-first1=Tanaji |editor-last1=Halarnkar |editor-link1=Tanaji Halarnkar |others= |title=Konkani Vishwakosh |trans-title=Konkani Encyclopaedia |wslink=Page:Konkani Viswakosh Vol2.pdf/720 |type= |edition= |series= |pages=720 |volume=2 |year=1999 |publisher=[[Goa University]] |location=Goa |language=gom |wslanguage=gom }}</ref>

He completed his schooling through the Marathi medium at the Mushtifund School in [[Panaji]], and through the Portuguese medium at the Masanu de Amorin School. He later pursued higher education by attending evening classes at the Dhenpe College of Arts and Science.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" /> He held a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) degree.<ref name="DaijiworldObit21">{{Cite news |title=Prakash Padgaonkar to preside over Konkani Sahitya Sammelan |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=287936 |access-date=2025-12-04 |work=Daijiworld |date=2015-01-03}}</ref>

==Career==
Padgaonkar worked in the administrative department of the [[All India Radio]] (AIR) center in Panaji from 1968 to 1974. Later, he served as a manager for [[MMTC Ltd]] in the city of [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]].<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" /> He was also a former member of the Advisory Committee of AIR Panaji.<ref name="DaijiworldObit21" />

In the literary sphere, Padgaonkar served as the President of the Konkani Lekhak Sangh Goa. In 2003, he headed the Reception Committee of the 16th All India Konkani Literary Conference. Later, he was elected to preside over the 22nd All India Konkani Sahitya Sammelan held in [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], in February 2015.<ref name="DaijiworldObit21" />

==Literary work==
Padgaonkar was an active poet for over four decades. His poetry is noted for its restrained emotion, use of symbolism and imagery, and the exploration of eternal life values.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" /><ref name="DaijiworldObit21" /> His work was the subject of doctoral research by Dr. Chandralekha D'Souza at [[Goa University]].<ref name="DaijiworldObit21" />

He published several collections of poetry, including:<ref name="DaijiworldObit21" /><ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />
* ''Uzvaddachim Pavlam'' (Steps of Light) (1976)
* ''Vascoyan'' (1977)
* ''Hanv Monis Ashwatthamo'' (I am Man Ashvatthamo) (1985)
* ''Kavita: Kaal- relvecho, mon harshancho, pavsa-panyancho'' (1993)
* ''Sorg ghodpak dhortorencho'' (1994)
* ''Vhaunti nhai kallachi'' (2003)
* ''Brahmand- yogi chirantanacho'' (2008)
* ''Punararthopnishad'' (2014)

His works have been translated into English and various other Indian languages. He cited the senior poet [[Bakibab Borkar]] as a mentor and noted the philosophical influence of Shri Arvind on his personal development.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

==Awards and honors==
Padgaonkar's literary contributions were recognized with various awards:
* 1986: [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for his collection ''Hanv Monis Ashwatthamo''.<ref name="TOICovidDeath21">{{Cite news |title=Goa loses two of its cultural ambassadors to Covid-19 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/goa-loses-2-of-its-cultural-ambassadors-to-covid-19/articleshow/82335309.cms |access-date=2025-12-04 |work=The Times of India |date=2021-05-01}}</ref>
* 2005: Dr. T.M.A. Pai Foundation Best Book Award for ''Vhaunti Nhai Kallachi''.<ref name="DaijiworldObit21" />
* 2007: Goa State Reward 'Rajya Sanman' for Cultural Excellence.<ref name="DaijiworldObit21" />
*2009–10: State Cultural Award for Cultural Excellence in the Field of Literature.<ref name="DaijiworldObit21" />

He also received State Awards from the [[Kala Academy]] and the [[Konkani Bhasha Mandal]] (Goa) for his works ''Uzvaddachim Pavlam'' and ''Vascoyan''.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" /><ref name="DaijiworldObit21" />

==Personal life and death==
He was married to Sanjeevi. The couple had four children: three daughters and one son.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

Padgaonkar died on 29 April 2021 due to [[COVID-19]].<ref name="TOICovidDeath21" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Padgaonkar, Prakash}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Konkani]]
[[Category:Poets from Goa]]
[[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India]]

Erimayur

2025-12-20T19:55:59Z

PiperByrum18:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
'''Erimayur''' is a [[gram panchayat]] in the [[Palakkad district]], state of [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It is a local government organization that serves the villages of Erimayur-I and Erimayur-II.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=224677&rlbtype=V |title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory |publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234438/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=224677&rlbtype=V |archive-date=30 December 2013 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Erimayur-I had a population of 15,319 with 7,461 males and 7,858 females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Erimayur-I Village Population - Alathur - Palakkad, Kerala |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/627698-erimayur-i-kerala.html |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

As of [[2011 census of India|2011 India census]], Erimayur-II had a population of 15,302 with 7,501 males and 7,801 females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Erimayur-II Village Population - Alathur - Palakkad, Kerala |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/627699-erimayur-ii-kerala.html |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2008-12-10 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archive-date=2008-12-08 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:Gram panchayats in Palakkad district]]

{{Palakkad-geo-stub}}

1964 Rameswaram cyclone

2025-12-12T19:38:43Z

PiperByrum18: added references after review and corrected details based on references

{{Short description|Tropical cyclone in the Indian Ocean}}
{{infobox weather event
| image = 1964 Dhanushkodi cyclone.png
| caption = Satellite image of the cyclone on December 21
| formed = December 18, 1964
| dissipated = December 26, 1964
}}{{infobox weather event/IMD
| winds = 130
| pressure = 970
| pressure-prefix = ≤
}}{{infobox weather event/JTWC
| winds = 140
}}{{infobox weather event/Effects
| year = 1964
| fatalities = ≤1,800
| damage = 150000000
| areas = [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]], India
| refs =
}}{{infobox weather event/Footer
| season = [[1964 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
}}
The '''1964 Rameswaram cyclone''' (also known as the '''Dhanushkodi cyclone''') was regarded as one of the most powerful storms on record to ever strike [[India]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics|author1=A. D. Rao |author2=S. K. Dube |author3=P. Chittibabu |year=1994|title=Finite Difference Techniques Applied to the Simulation of Surges and Currents Around Sri Lanka and Southern Indian Peninsula|pages=71–77|doi=10.1080/10618569408904500|volume=3|issue=1|bibcode = 1994IJCFD...3...71R }}</ref> The system was first identified as an [[Low-pressure area|area of low pressure]] over the [[Andaman Sea]] on December 15. Following interaction with a [[tropical wave]], it began to develop and became a depression by December 18. Increasingly rapid intensification ensued over the following days with the cyclone attaining hurricane-force winds around [[5th parallel north|5°N]] the next day. Early on December 23, the storm struck Ceylon near [[Trincomalee]] with winds estimated at {{convert|240|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}, ranking it as a modern-day super cyclonic storm. Weakening somewhat, the storm soon struck [[Tamil Nadu]]. Rapid weakening followed once the cyclone was onshore and it degenerated into a depression on December 24 as it emerged over the [[Arabian Sea]]. The system later dissipated on December 26 over open water.

==Meteorological history==
{{storm path|1964 Dhanushkodi cyclone track.png}}
On December 15, 1964, an [[Low-pressure area|area of low pressure]] was identified over the southern [[Andaman Sea]]. Remaining nearly stationary,<ref name="IMD"/> a [[tropical wave]] soon interacted with the low and allowed the system to consolidate into a depression two days later.<ref name="AMS">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Applied Meteorology|author =Shashi M. Kulshrestha|author2 =Madan G. Gupta|author3 =Indian Meteorological Service|date=June 1966|title=Satellite Study of the Rameswaram Cyclonic Storm of 20–23 December 1964|pages=373–376|volume=5|issue=3|doi=10.1175/1520-0450(1966)005<0373:SSOTRC>2.0.CO;2|bibcode = 1966JApMe...5..373K |doi-access=free}}</ref> A large area of [[Atmospheric convection|showers and thunderstorms]] covered much of the southern [[Bay of Bengal]] and Andaman Sea. On December 18, a ship with the callsign ''JMAG'' reported {{convert|45|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} winds and a [[barometric pressure]] of 1005.5 [[mbar]] (hPa; {{convert|1005.5|mbar|inHg|lk=on|abbr=on|sigfig=4|disp=out}}). Based on this report, the [[India Meteorological Department|India Meteorological Department (IMD)]] classified the system as a deep depression. Over the following days, the system quickly intensified as it began moving slowly westward. By December 19, it became a severe cyclonic storm and soon acquired hurricane-force winds early on December 20 while near [[5th parallel north|5°N]].<ref name="IMD"/> The cyclone became one of only a handful of systems to attain such an intensity close to the [[equator]].<ref name="AMS"/> Moving more west-northwesterly, the cyclone continued to deepen as it approached southern India.<ref name="IMD"/> On December 21, satellite imagery showed clouds from the storm covering an area roughly {{convert|965|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide. Several prominent [[rainband|banding features]] were present, with one such feature, extending over {{convert|240|km|mi|abbr=on}} crossing the [[equator]] while maintaining a cyclonic arc. Clouds associated with the cyclone extended as far as {{convert|485|km|mi|abbr=on}} into the [[Southern Hemisphere]].<ref name="AMS"/>

Several vessels encountered the storm, with one reporting {{convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} winds early on December 22. That day winds along the coast of [[Ceylon]] increased; the storm accelerated during this time as well. Early on December 23, the cyclone struck the northern tip of Ceylon and turned back toward the west-northwest. According to an officer on [[Pamban Island]], located between Ceylon and Southern India, the storm's [[Eye (cyclone)|eye]] was no more than {{convert|16|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide.<ref name="IMD"/> Based on satellite imagery, it was estimated that the storm had peak winds of {{convert|240|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}, with gusts as high as {{convert|280|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref name="AMS"/> This ranked the system as a modern-day super cyclonic storm.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery |date=September 2011 |accessdate=May 12, 2013 |title=Cyclones, storm surges, floods, landslides |page=9 |url=https://www.gfdrr.org/gfdrr/sites/gfdrr.org/files/1_Introduction.pdf |format=PDF |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426055441/https://www.gfdrr.org/gfdrr/sites/gfdrr.org/files/1_Introduction.pdf |archivedate=April 26, 2012 }}</ref> Additionally, the IMD estimated its central pressure to have been, at most, 970 mbar (hPa; {{convert|970|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4|disp=out}}).<ref name="IMD"/> The lowest observed pressure was {{convert|978|mbar|hPa inHg|abbr=on}} in [[Mannar, Sri Lanka|Mannar]] on the west coast of Ceylon.<ref name="AMS"/> Weakening somewhat, the storm soon struck [[Tamil Nadu]], south of Tondi. Once onshore, the cyclone rapidly weakened, becoming a depression before emerging over the [[Arabian Sea]] on December 24. The system degenerated into a remnant low later that day and dissipated over open waters on December 26.<ref name="IMD">{{cite journal|journal=India Weather Review|author =India Meteorological Department|year=1964|accessdate=May 12, 2013|title=Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions: Severe cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/cd024_pdf/005ED275.pdf|format=PDF|pages=30–34}}</ref>

== Impact ==
At least 1,800 people lost their lives as a result of the cyclone.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ceylon-India death toll now 1,800|work=[[The Milwaukee Sentinel]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4HFQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yhAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5641,4366552|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718062937/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4HFQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yhAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5641,4366552|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 18, 2012|date=December 28, 1964}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=At least 1,800 dead in India-Ceylon storm|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=December 28, 1964}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=1,800 Asians feared dead after cyclone and tidal wave|work=Reading Eagle|date=December 28, 1964|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XYgtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dpwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4836,6829745}}</ref>

On December 22, the powerful cyclone struck northern areas of Ceylon and caused catastrophic damage. According to survivors, a [[storm surge]] of {{convert|4.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} swept across the area. Initial reports stated that 250 people lost their lives with thousands missing.<ref name="DN1"/> About 5000 houses and 700 fishing boats were destroyed in the [[Jaffna district]] of Ceylon.<ref name="theage_19641228">{{cite news|title=Ships, planes search for survivors|work=The Age|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-xkTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rZYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6560,4311447&hl=en|date=December 28, 1964|place=Colombo}}</ref> The district's paddy crop was also destroyed.<ref name="theage_19641228" /> Other badly hit areas include [[Mannar, Sri Lanka|Mannar]] and [[Trincomalee]].<ref name="theage_19641228" /> The Trincomalee port suffered severe damage rendering it inoperable.<ref name="theage_19641228" /> The economic damage caused in Ceylon was estimated at Rs. 200 million. About 350 Ceylonese fishermen were missing at sea.<ref name="theage_19641228" />

At least 1,000 people were killed on the island and many more were left unaccounted for.<ref name="TLS1"/> An unofficial estimate stated that the death toll would likely exceed 2,000.<ref name="DN1"/> The government regarded it as, "the greatest tragedy to ever hit Ceylon."<ref name="TLS1">{{cite news|newspaper=The Lincoln Star|date=December 28, 1964|agency=United Press International|title=Cyclone, Tidal Wave Kill 1,800 Fishermen|location=New Delhi, India|page=18}}</ref>

[[File:தனுஷ்கோடி தேவாலயம்.jpg|thumb|Remains of a church in [[Dhanushkodi]] in 2007]]
The effects of the cyclone were felt mostly on [[Pamban Island]], which lies between the Indian mainland and Ceylon.<ref name="theage_19641228" /> More than 3000 people, many of them tourists and pilgrims, were stranded on the island. The total damage to property was estimated at $150 million.<ref name="theage_19641228" />

On December 23, an estimated {{convert|7.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[storm surge]] struck the town of Dhanuskodi on the south-eastern edge of the island,<ref name="Ecology"/> submerging the town and overturning the Pamban-Dhanuskodi passenger train killing all 200 passengers on board.<ref name="thehindu_20051224">{{cite news|title=Memory of the disaster still lingers|first=C.|last=Jaishankar|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/24/stories/2005122405580500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105131113/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/24/stories/2005122405580500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 January 2007|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=24 December 2005}}</ref> The town, an important transit point between India and Ceylon, was completely destroyed and has not been rebuilt since.<ref name="thehindu_20040306">{{cite news|title=Land's end|first=Prasanna|last=Srinivasan|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/03/06/stories/2004030600010100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041014051457/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/03/06/stories/2004030600010100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 October 2004|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=3 June 2004}}</ref> This has caused the permanent closure of both the [[Dhanushkodi railway station]] and the Pamban–Dhanushkodi railway line. Prior to the cyclone, the town had been an important commercial centre with a railway station, a customs office, post and telegraphs office, two medical institutions, one railway hospital, a panchayat union dispensary, a higher elementary school and port offices.<ref name="thehindu_20020615">{{cite news|title=Shattered in 1964, still remains so|url=http://hindu.com/2002/06/15/stories/2002061503750500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521154005/http://hindu.com/2002/06/15/stories/2002061503750500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 21, 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=June 15, 2002}}</ref> A port had been functioning since 1 March 1914.<ref name="thehindu_20020615" /><ref>However, the port of Dhanushkodi was also permanently closed due to the cyclone.</ref> At least 800 people were killed in Dhanushkodi alone.<ref name="TLS1"/>

[[File:Dhanushkodi Old Railway Station 02.jpg|thumb|The ruins of [[Dhanushkodi Railway Station]]]]
Four radio operators remained in Dhanuskodi and risked their lives to continue broadcasting during the storm. Two railway employees patrolling the [[Pamban Bridge]] survived by clinging to the bridge frame for 12 hours. The Indian Government later honoured and rewarded them for their dedication.<ref name="TheHindu2012">{{cite news|author =R. Sujatha|newspaper=The Hindu|date=January 24, 2012|accessdate=May 21, 2014|title=When nature took over...|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/kids/when-nature-took-over/article2825000.ece}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
The scale of the disaster left villages isolated for at least three days and without food or clean water. Communication lines were severely damaged and hampered relief efforts. By December 26, relief supplies were delivered to 14 villages by the Ceylonese Air Force. Britain, [[Cuba]], [[West Germany]], and the United States offered aid to Ceylon.<ref name="DN1">{{cite news|newspaper=Deseret News|date=December 26, 1964|accessdate=May 21, 2014|title=Ceylon Cyclone: Thousands Homeless|page=1|agency=Associated Press|location=New Delhi, India|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WMtaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5X8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4703%2C6379092}}</ref>

Reconstruction of the Pamban Bridge was deemed a priority and initially expected to take six months to complete. However, [[E. Sreedharan]], an engineer tasked on the project, managed to have the railway bridge finished in 45 days. A stable road connection was built in the following years.<ref name="TheHindu2012"/>

In [[Mandapam]], the cyclone's surge created five [[Tide pool|tidal pools]] over a {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} stretch of coastline. Three of the pools had higher than normal [[salinity]] coupled with below-average [[silicate]] content and were colonized by ''[[Peridinium]]''. The other two featured opposite levels of salinity and silicate and were inhabited by ''[[Pyrocystis fusiformis]]''. All five featured [[bioluminescence]] as a result. A study of these pools in 1965 showed a, "clear succession of organisms", with species of ''[[Penaeidae]]'' ([[Prawn]]), one species of [[amphipoda]], one species of crab, and ''[[Acetes]]'' inhabiting the pools. Researchers also found a few ''[[Sepioteuthis]]'' and [[tintinnid]]. Lastly, 46 species of coastal fish were documented.<ref name="Ecology">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India|author1=P. V. Ramachandran Nair |author2=G. Luther |author3=Clement Adolph |year=1965|accessdate=May 21, 2014|pages=420–439|title=An ecological study of some pools near Mandapam (South India) formed as a result of the cyclone and tidal wave of 1964|volume=7|issue=2|url=http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/1858/1/Nair_420-439.pdf|format=PDF}}</ref> Offshore, catastrophic damage occurred to [[coral reef]]s, with ''[[Echinopora lamellosa]]'', ''[[Montipora|Montipora foliosa]]'', and [[Octocorallia|alcyonarians]] being killed in large numbers. At Manacadu Point, near Mandapam, an elevated coral colony of [[brain coral|Faviids]] and ''[[Porites]]'' was completely wiped out. In the eight years following the storm, colonies showed substantial growth across the [[Palk Strait]], with ''[[Acropora corymbosa]]'' covering 25–30% of the reefs. Colonies of alcyonarians showed little sign of rejuvenation, however. Along the immediate coastline, the large-scale stirring of sand made areas unsuitable for coral and were not expected to ever regrow.<ref name="Coral">{{cite journal|journal=Seafood Export Journal|volume=7|issue=12|year=1975|accessdate=May 21, 2014|title=An assessment of the effects of environment and human interference on the coral reefs of Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar along the Indian Coast|pages=9–21|author =C. S. Hopinadha Pillai|url=http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/7109/1/173-SEAFOOD_EXPORT_JOURNAL_1975.pdf|format=PDF}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Super Cyclonic Storms}}

[[Category:1964 in India]]
[[Category:1964 in Ceylon]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in India]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:1960s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Disasters in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Super cyclonic storms]]
[[Category:1964 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]

History of Buddhism in India and Tibet

2025-12-10T17:04:42Z

PiperByrum18: adjust section for consistency per sources

{{Short description|13th century Buddhist history book by Buton Rinchen Drub}}
{{Expand German|Chronik des Butön|date=May 2016}}
{{italic title}}
'''''History of Buddhism in India and its Spread to Tibet''''' (''bde gshegs bstan pa'i gsal byed chos hyi 'byung gnas'') ({{bo|t=བུ་སྟོན་ཆོས་འབྱུང|w=bu ston chos 'byung}}) is a historical text by [[Buton Rinchen Drub]], a famous [[Sakya (Tibetan Buddhist school)|Sakya]] master, written either in 1322<ref>{{cite journal |author=Nishioka Soshū (西岡祖秀) |script-journal=ja:東京大学文学部·文化交流研究施設研究紀要 |trans-journal=Tokyo University Department of Literature – Annual Report of the Institute for the Study of Cultural Exchange |trans-title=Index to Buton (Rinchen Drub)'s History of Buddhism (Tripitaka) Catalog Part I |script-title=ja:「プトゥン仏教史」目録部索引I |language=Japanese |title="Putōn bukkyōshi" mokurokubu sakuin I |issue=4 |page=61 |date=1980 |quote=プトゥン・リンチェン・ドゥプ Bu ston Rin chen bgrub (1290-1364) によって1322年に著わされた「プトゥン仏教史」．．．(trans. to English : Buton's History of Buddhism (in India and Tibet) written in 1322 by Buton Rinchen Drub Rinpoche (1290-1364)…)}}</ref> or 1356.<ref name=Buton>Tsering Namgyal, "Buton Rinchen Drub", ''Treasury of Lives'', September 2012.</ref>

The ''History of Buddhism'' was translated into English by [[Eugene Obermiller]] in 1931. It was translated by Ngawang Zangpo and by Lisa Stein then published in 2013 by [[Shambhala Publications]].

== See also ==
* [[Nelpa Pandita#Ne'u chos-'byung|Ne'u chos-'byung]]

==Published==
* Obermiller, E.: The history of Buddhism (Chos ḥbyung) by Bu-ston. I The Jewellery of Scripture, II The history of Buddhism in India and Tibet. Harrassowitz, 1931–2; Reprinted 1986, New Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications.
* Buton Rinchen Drub, (c.1356) 2013. ''History of Buddhism in India and its Spread to Tibet''. Translated by Ngawang Zangpo and Lisa Stein, Boston: Shambhala Publications.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1322 books]]
[[Category:Historiography of Tibet]]
[[Category:Tibetan literature]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist treatises]]

Ahmed Abdullah Masdoosi

2025-11-11T18:37:12Z

PiperByrum18:

{{Use British English|date=October 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Ahmed Abdullah Al Masdoosi
| image = Ahmed Abdulla Masdoosi.png
| caption =
| pseudonym = Masdoosi, M A Al
| birth_name = Ahmad Abdullāh al- Masdūsī
| birth_date = 1905
| birth_place = [[Mahboobnagar Hyderabad Deccan]], India
| death_date = {{death year and age|1968|1905}}
| death_place = [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]
| occupation = Islamic Research, Chart Maker, Map Making, Law
| nationality = [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] till 1948, then [[Pakistan]]
| period = 1940–1967
| subject = Comparative Religion, Law, Humanity
| movement = Bahadur Yar Jung Academy, Anjuman Khuddam Millat
}}

'''Ahmad Abdullāh al- Masdūsī''' ({{langx|ar|احمد عبدالله المسدوسى }}) was a Pakistani activist and lawyer. He was very active in social welfare, and community improvement activities.

He joined Malis-e-Ittehad-ul-Muslimeen in 1938. With the beginning of political career he gave up his legal practice and moved to [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]. His villa was near the Mouzam Jahi Market. He was involved in the legal proceedings around the [[annexation of Hyderabad]] by India. He migrated to [[Karachi]], in [[Pakistan]], after the annexation. He authored several books including ''Living Religions of the World, a Socio-Political Study'' (1962)<ref name="Nauman1979">{{cite book|last=Nauman|first=St. Elmo|title=Dictionary of Asian Philosophies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hIsXRlUbkAsC&pg=PA109|year=1979|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-03971-0|page=109}}</ref> and served as Professor of Law at [[Karachi University]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Masdoosi}}
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1968 deaths]]
[[Category:Pakistani people of Yemeni descent]]
[[Category:Hadhrami people]]
[[Category:Lawyers from Karachi]]
[[Category:Writers from Karachi]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani lawyers]]
[[Category:Pakistani people of Hyderabadi descent]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Pakistan]]

Andheri River

2025-11-11T06:48:45Z

PiperByrum18: Put up a location - done

{{Short description|River in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, India}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Andheri River
| image = Andheri Nadi.jpg
| image_caption = Andheri River near [[Kherliganj]], [[Baran District]]
| map =
| map_caption = 
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = India
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = {{hlist| Madhya Pradesh | Rajasthan }}
| source1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| mouth = [[Parbati River (Madhya Pradesh)|Parvati River]]
| mouth_location = Near [[Atru]], [[Rajasthan]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|24.9032|76.6831|format=dms|display=inline,title|region:IN_type:river}}
| length = 
| basin_size = 
| discharge = 
| watershed = 
| tributaries =
| tributaries_left = [[Retili River]]
}}
The '''Andheri River''' is a river that originates in [[Madhya Pradesh]] and flows through the [[Baran district]]<ref name=":0" /> of [[Rajasthan]], eventually joining the [[Parbati River (Madhya Pradesh)|Parvati River]] near [[Atru]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Publication |first1=Atharv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pfpDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22andheri+river%22&pg=PA66 |title=Rajasthan District G.K.: English Medium |last2=Gupta 'SIR' |first2=Devesh |publisher=Atharv Publication |pages=65 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rajasthan (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjRuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22andheri+river%22 |title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Jaipur |date=1997 |publisher=Printed at Government Central Press |pages=3, 6, 209 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=20 घंटे से टापू पर फंसे 12 लोगों का रेस्क्यू:पार्वती नदी और अंधेरी नदी उफान पर, मजदूरी करने गए लोग फंसे, मंदिर में गुजारी रात; घंटों चला ऑपरेशन |pages=1 |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/kota/news/andheri-river-and-parvati-river-in-spate-in-baran-12-people-who-went-to-labor-and-went-to-graze-animals-were-trapped-on-the-island-sdrf-team-rescued-kota-rajasthan-128746571.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728013030/https://www.bhaskar.com/amp/local/rajasthan/kota/news/andheri-river-and-parvati-river-in-spate-in-baran-12-people-who-went-to-labor-and-went-to-graze-animals-were-trapped-on-the-island-sdrf-team-rescued-kota-rajasthan-128746571.html |archive-date=2021-07-28}}</ref>
== Geography ==
The Andheri River begins its journey in Madhya Pradesh and meanders through the Bara district of Rajasthan before merging with the Parvati River near Atru.{{citation needed|date= November 2023}}

== See also ==
* [[Parbati River (Madhya Pradesh)|Parvati River]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rivers of Rajasthan]]

{{India-river-stub}}
{{Kotadivision-geo-stub}}
{{MadhyaPradesh-geo-stub}}

Thathan Buzurg

2025-10-22T14:52:46Z

PiperByrum18:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Thathan Buzurg
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25|44|58.5|N|85|14|33.0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]]
| subdivision_type3 = Assembly Constituency
| subdivision_name3 =[[Hajipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Hajipur]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceobihar.nic.in/map/include/AC123.pdf|title=Assembly Constituency AC123, Hajipur|publisher=The Chief Electoral Officer, Bihar|access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref>
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 844125
| registration_plate =
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Thathan Buzurg''' is a village located in the [[Hajipur]] block of [[Vaishali district]], [[Bihar]], India. The Hajipur is the closest town and is 6 km from the village.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/(S(3ird4ricndfyzx45tkdber3h))/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/View_data/Village_Profile.aspx village profile census government official website ] State - Bihar, District- vaishali, Sub District - Hajipur</ref>

The village is governed by a [[Panchayati raj (India)|gram panchayat]] which also includes other villages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=99329&rlbtype=V|title=Census Villages mapped for Thathan Buzurg|date=26 September 2014|work=National Panchayat Portal|publisher=Panchayat Informatics Division|access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!s.n
|
!villages
|-
| 1||||Rasulpur Bhoj Urf Adharpur
|-
| 2||||Bedaulia
|-
| 3||||Ghoswar
|-
| 4||||Fatehpur Ekara Urf Moghlani
|-
| 5||||Thathan Buzurg
|-
| 6||||Kazipur Thathan
|-
| 7||||Fatehpur Chiraimar
|-
| 8||||[[Ekara]]
|-
| 9||||Kutubpur Ekara
|-
| 10||||Chak Kutubpur Matwalia
|-
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{panchayat of Hajipur block}}
{{Tirhut Division}}

[[Category:Villages in Vaishali district]]