https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=PinkMelon 2026-07-28T13:43:51Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PinkMelon&diff=443885 2024-03-01T20:31:58Z

<p>PinkMelon: Add</p> <hr /> <div>{{AFC topicon}}<br /> '''''Hi, Everyone'''''<br /> {{Infobox person|name= PINKMELON|status = {{hlist|'''''Patrollers'''''}}{{User Proud Indian}} {{User WikiProject Articles for creation}} {{User Bharatpedia/Autopatroller}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> &lt;div style=&quot;float: left; border: solid blue 1px; margin: 1px;&quot;&gt;<br /> {| cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width: 238px; background: white;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;width: 45px; height: 45px; background: blue; text-red: center; font-size: {{{5|{{{id-s|14}}}}}}pt; color: {{{id-fc|gold}}};&quot; | '''Non-Veg'''<br /> | style=&quot;font-size: {{{info-s|8.5}}}pt; padding: 4pt; line-height: 1.25em; color: {{{info-fc|black}}}; text-align:center;&quot; | This user is a proud ''Non-Vegetarian'' 🥩🍗🐟<br /> |}&lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div style=&quot;position: fixed; top: 100px; left: 100px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border: solid 7px green; box-sizing: border-box; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 100%; height:100px; max-width:250px&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Night_sky_2.jpg|center|link=|250px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;padding: 20px; color: pink;font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; position: relative; max-width:250px&quot;&gt;Hello, Thanks for visiting. This user contributes when they have free time only.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ==My Uploads== <br /> *[[File:Panther Typo Black Cat (2022).jpeg|thumb|Panther Typo Black Cat (2022)]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Male Bharatpedians]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PinkMelon&diff=443884 2024-03-01T20:18:10Z

<p>PinkMelon: Add</p> <hr /> <div>{{AFC topicon}}<br /> '''''Hi, Everyone'''''<br /> {{Infobox person|name= PINKMELON|status = {{hlist|'''''Patrollers'''''}}{{User Proud Indian}} {{User WikiProject Articles for creation}} {{User Bharatpedia/Autopatroller}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> &lt;div style=&quot;position: fixed; top: 100px; left: 100px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border: solid 7px green; box-sizing: border-box; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 100%; height:100px; max-width:250px&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Night_sky_2.jpg|center|link=|250px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;padding: 20px; color: pink;font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; position: relative; max-width:250px&quot;&gt;Hello, Thanks for visiting. This user contributes when they have free time only.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ==My Uploads== <br /> *[[File:Panther Typo Black Cat (2022).jpeg|thumb|Panther Typo Black Cat (2022)]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Male Bharatpedians]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PinkMelon&diff=443883 2024-03-01T20:08:41Z

<p>PinkMelon: </p> <hr /> <div>{{AFC topicon}}<br /> '''''Hi, Everyone'''''<br /> {{Infobox person|name= PINKMELON|status = {{hlist|'''''Patrollers'''''}}{{User Proud Indian}} &lt;div style=&quot;float: left; border:solid green 1px; margin: 1px;&quot;&gt;<br /> {| cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width: 238px; background: white;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;width: 45px; height: 45px; background: blue; text-align: center; font-size: {{{5|{{{id-s|14}}}}}}pt; color: {{{id-fc|red}}};&quot; | '''Non-Veg'''<br /> | style=&quot;font-size: {{{info-s|8.5}}}pt; padding: 4pt; line-height: 1.25em; color: {{{info-fc|black}}}; text-align:center;&quot; | This user is a proud ''Non-Vegetarian'' 🥩🍗🐟<br /> |}&lt;/div&gt; {{User WikiProject Articles for creation}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> &lt;div style=&quot;position: fixed; top: 100px; left: 100px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border: solid 7px green; box-sizing: border-box; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 100%; height:100px; max-width:250px&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Night_sky_2.jpg|center|link=|250px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;padding: 20px; color: pink;font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; position: relative; max-width:250px&quot;&gt;Hello, Thanks for visiting. This user contributes when they have free time only.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ==My Uploads== <br /> *[[File:Panther Typo Black Cat (2022).jpeg|thumb|Panther Typo Black Cat (2022)]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Male Bharatpedians]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PinkMelon&diff=443882 2024-03-01T20:00:15Z

<p>PinkMelon: Info</p> <hr /> <div>{{AFC topicon}}<br /> '''''Hi, Everyone'''''<br /> {{Infobox person|name= PINKMELON|status = {{hlist|'''''Patrollers'''''}}{{User Proud Indian}} {{User WikiProject Articles for creation}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> &lt;div style=&quot;position: fixed; top: 100px; left: 100px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border: solid 7px green; box-sizing: border-box; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 100%; height:100px; max-width:250px&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Night_sky_2.jpg|center|link=|250px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;padding: 20px; color: pink;font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; position: relative; max-width:250px&quot;&gt;Hello, Thanks for visiting. This user contributes when they have free time only.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ==My Uploads== <br /> *[[File:Panther Typo Black Cat (2022).jpeg|thumb|Panther Typo Black Cat (2022)]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Male Bharatpedians]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crakk&diff=443761 2024-02-17T20:24:49Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|Upcoming Hindi-language sports action film}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}} {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}} {{Infobox film | name = Crakk | image = Crakk film poster.jpg | alt = &lt;!--This field is for describing the visuals of the image, for textless browsers and for visually impaired readers.--&gt; | caption = Theatrical release poster | director = Aditya Datt | screenplay = | writer...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Upcoming Hindi-language sports action film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Crakk<br /> | image = Crakk film poster.jpg<br /> | alt = &lt;!--This field is for describing the visuals of the image, for textless browsers and for visually impaired readers.--&gt;<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Aditya Datt]]<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | writer = {{ubl<br /> | Aditya Datt<br /> | Rehan Khan<br /> | Sarim Momin<br /> | Mohinder Pratab Singh<br /> }}<br /> | producer = {{ubl | [[Vidyut Jammwal]] | Abbas Sayyed}}<br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> * Vidyut Jammwal<br /> * [[Nora Fatehi]]<br /> * [[Arjun Rampal]]<br /> * [[Amy Jackson]]<br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = Mark Hamilton<br /> | editing = Sandeep Kurup<br /> | music = {{ubl<br /> | '''Score:'''<br /> | [[Vikram Montrose]]<br /> | '''Songs:'''<br /> | [[Mithoon]]<br /> | MC Square<br /> | [[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br /> | Vikram Montrose<br /> }}<br /> | studio = Action Hero Films<br /> | distributor = [[Panorama Studios]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|02|23}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Crakk''''' also known as '''''Crakk - Jeethegaa Toh Jiyegaa!''''' is an upcoming 2024 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[sports film|sports]] [[action film]] co-written and directed by [[Aditya Datt]] and produced by [[Vidyut Jammwal]] under Action Hero Films.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/vidyut-jammwals-second-film-as-a-producer-crakk-confirms-release-date_203181|title=Vidyut Jammwal's second film as a producer, 'Crakk' confirms release date|website=India Forums|access-date=21 December 2023|archive-date=21 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221054609/https://www.indiaforums.com/article/vidyut-jammwals-second-film-as-a-producer-crakk-confirms-release-date_203181|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; It stars Vidyut Jammwal, [[Nora Fatehi]], [[Arjun Rampal]], and [[Amy Jackson]]. It is billed as the first-ever extreme sports action film in [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vidyut-jammwals-sports-action-film-crakk-to-release-in-theatres-on-this-date/article67624229.ece|title=Vidyut Jammwal's sports action film 'Crakk' to release in theatres on this date|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 December 2023|access-date=21 December 2023|archive-date=21 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221054609/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vidyut-jammwals-sports-action-film-crakk-to-release-in-theatres-on-this-date/article67624229.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Crakk'' is scheduled to be released on 23 February 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/arjun-rampal-and-vidyut-jammwal-unveil-release-date-of-crakk/articleshow/105877209.cms|title=Arjun Rampal and Vidyut Jammwal unveil release date of 'Crakk'|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 December 2023|access-date=30 December 2023|archive-date=16 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216171717/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/arjun-rampal-and-vidyut-jammwal-unveil-release-date-of-crakk/articleshow/105877209.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/crakk-teaser-out-vidyut-jammwals-fresh-and-ott-action-stunts-promise-an-adrenaline-fueled-ride-1266233|title=Crakk Teaser OUT: Vidyut Jammwal's fresh and OTT action stunts promise an adrenaline-fueled ride|website=[[Pinkvilla]]|date=19 December 2023|access-date=21 December 2023|archive-date=21 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221054609/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/crakk-teaser-out-vidyut-jammwals-fresh-and-ott-action-stunts-promise-an-adrenaline-fueled-ride-1266233|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/vidyut-jammwals-crakk-teaser-leaves-you-gasping-for-air-with-jaw-dropping-sport-stunts/articleshow/106120876.cms|title=Vidyut Jammwal's 'Crakk' teaser leaves you gasping for air with jaw-dropping sports stunts|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 December 2023|access-date=30 December 2023|archive-date=16 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216171734/https://subs.timesofindia.com/subscriptions/config/toiw/switch?lang=1&amp;fv=668|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Premise ==<br /> Siddhu, a slum dweller in [[Mumbai]], embarks into &quot;Maidaan&quot;, an underground survival sports competition headed by Dev, to unravel the truth about his lost brother.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/crakk-teaser-featuring-vidyut-jammwal-has-enough-action-to-bring-you-on-the-edge-of-your-seat-details-inside/eab9226d4b6|title=Crakk teaser featuring Vidyut Jammwal has enough action to bring you on the edge of your seat – Details inside|website=[[OTTplay]]|access-date=21 December 2023|archive-date=21 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221054611/https://www.ottplay.com/news/crakk-teaser-featuring-vidyut-jammwal-has-enough-action-to-bring-you-on-the-edge-of-your-seat-details-inside/eab9226d4b6|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Vidyut Jammwal]] as Siddhu&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/crakk-arjun-rampal-jacqueline-fernandez-vidyut-jammwal-in-indias-first-extreme-sports-action-film/13a0f44368221|title=Crakk: Arjun Rampal, Jacqueline Fernandez, Vidyut Jammwal in India's first extreme sports action film|website=[[OTTplay]]|access-date=21 December 2023|archive-date=21 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221054609/https://www.ottplay.com/news/crakk-arjun-rampal-jacqueline-fernandez-vidyut-jammwal-in-indias-first-extreme-sports-action-film/13a0f44368221|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Nora Fatehi]] as Alia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/nora-fatehi-starts-shooting-for-vidyut-jammwals-crakk-jeetegaa-toh-jiyegaa|title=Nora Fatehi starts shooting for Vidyut Jammwal's 'Crakk'-Jeetega Toh Jiyegaa|website=[[Film Companion]]|date=21 September 2023|access-date=21 December 2023|archive-date=21 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221054610/https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/nora-fatehi-starts-shooting-for-vidyut-jammwals-crakk-jeetegaa-toh-jiyegaa|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Arjun Rampal]] as Dev&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/arjun-rampal-wraps-up-crakk-shoot-calls-it-a-fabulous-ride-8651121.html|title=Arjun Rampal Wraps Up Crakk Shoot, Calls It A 'Fabulous Ride'|website=[[News18]]|date=6 November 2023|access-date=21 December 2023|archive-date=21 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221054610/https://www.news18.com/movies/arjun-rampal-wraps-up-crakk-shoot-calls-it-a-fabulous-ride-8651121.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Amy Jackson]] as Patricia Novak<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> === Filming ===<br /> Under his production banner Action Hero Films, [[Vidyut Jammwal]] collaborates with [[Aditya Datt]] on this film, which marks their second venture after ''[[Commando 3 (film)|Commando 3]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/vidyut-jammwal-announces-his-next-action-flick-crakk-with-jacqueline-fernandez-and-arjun-rampal/a11ec133a2136|title=Vidyut Jammwal announces his next action flick, Crakk, with Jacqueline Fernandez and Arjun Rampal|website=[[OTTplay]]|access-date=21 December 2023|archive-date=21 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221054612/https://www.ottplay.com/news/vidyut-jammwal-announces-his-next-action-flick-crakk-with-jacqueline-fernandez-and-arjun-rampal/a11ec133a2136|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The shooting was [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] on 18 December 2023.<br /> <br /> === Casting ===<br /> [[Jacqueline Fernandez]] was supposed to pair with Jammwal, but she was replaced by [[Nora Fatehi]] due to creative differences.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/nora-fatehi-replaces-jacqueline-fernandez-vidyut-jammwals-crakk-jeetegaa-toh-jiyegaa-report/|title=Nora Fatehi replaces Jacqueline Fernandez in Vidyut Jammwal's Crakk – Jeetegaa Toh Jiyegaa|date=23 August 2023|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=2 February 2024|archive-date=2 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202155520/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/nora-fatehi-replaces-jacqueline-fernandez-vidyut-jammwals-crakk-jeetegaa-toh-jiyegaa-report/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Music ==<br /> The first song titled &quot;Dil Jhoom&quot; was a remake of the titular song from 2011 album ''[[Jhoom (album)|Jhoom]]'' by the Pakistani singer [[Ali Zafar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|access-date=15 January 2023|title=Ali Zafar Reacts As Vidyut Jammwal's Crakk Announces Remix Of His Hit Track 'Jhoom'|url=https://www.news18.com/amp/movies/ali-zafar-reacts-as-vidyut-jammwals-crakk-announces-remix-of-his-hit-track-jhoom-8733371.html|website=News18|archive-date=9 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109085416/https://www.news18.com/amp/movies/ali-zafar-reacts-as-vidyut-jammwals-crakk-announces-remix-of-his-hit-track-jhoom-8733371.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|access-date=15 January 2023|title=Vidyut Jammwal, Nora Fatehi's Crakk To Feature Remix Of Ali Zafar's Jhoom; Pakistani Singer REACTS|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/amp/entertainment/vidyut-jammwal-nora-fatehis-crakk-to-feature-remix-of-ali-zafars-jhoom-pakistani-singer-reacts|website=Free Press Journal|archive-date=9 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109120720/https://www.freepressjournal.in/amp/entertainment/vidyut-jammwal-nora-fatehis-crakk-to-feature-remix-of-ali-zafars-jhoom-pakistani-singer-reacts|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> The film will be released on 23 February 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2023/dec/12/vidyut-jammwals-sports-actioner-crakk-gets-release-date-2640637.html|title=Vidyut Jammwal's sports actioner 'Crakk' gets release date|website=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=12 December 2023|access-date=21 December 2023|archive-date=21 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221054609/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2023/dec/12/vidyut-jammwals-sports-actioner-crakk-gets-release-date-2640637.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{IMDb title|22869490}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2020s Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2024 action thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2024 films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s Indian films]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teri_Baaton_Mein_Aisa_Uljha_Jiya&diff=443760 2024-02-17T20:16:03Z

<p>PinkMelon: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya<br /> | image = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | director = Amit Joshi&lt;br /&gt;Aradhana Sah<br /> | writer = Amit Joshi&lt;br /&gt;Aradhana Sah<br /> | producer = [[Dinesh Vijan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Jyoti Deshpande]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Laxman Utekar]]<br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Shahid Kapoor]]<br /> * [[Kriti Sanon]]<br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = Laxman Utekar<br /> | editing = Manish Pradhan<br /> | music = '''Score:'''&lt;br /&gt;[[Sachin–Jigar]]&lt;br /&gt;'''Songs:'''&lt;br /&gt;[[Tanishk Bagchi]]&lt;br /&gt;Sachin–Jigar&lt;br /&gt;Mitraz&lt;br /&gt;[[Raghav]]&lt;br /&gt;Talwiinder&lt;br /&gt;NDS&lt;br /&gt;MC SQUARE<br /> | studio = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Maddock Films]]<br /> * [[Jio Studios]]<br /> }}<br /> | distributor = [[Pen India Limited|Pen Marudhar Entertainment]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|02|09}}<br /> | runtime = 143 minutes&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: CBFC reduces sex scene by 25% in Shahid Kapoor-Kriti Sanon starrer Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-cbfc-reduces-sex-scene-25-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya/|date=7 February 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=7 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = {{INR|45 <br /> crore}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya Box Office Collection Day 4 crosses 50 cr |url=https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-box-office-collection-day-4-crosses-50-cr-124021200781_1.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=[[Business Standard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | gross = {{INR|73.37}} crore&lt;ref name=&quot;bo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya/box-office/|date=9 February 2024|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=10 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> '''''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya''''' ({{trans|''My heart got so entangled in your words''}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[science fiction film|science fiction]] [[romantic comedy]] starring [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kriti Sanon]]. Produced under [[Maddock Films]] and [[Jio Platforms|Jio Studios]], the film is written and directed by Amit Joshi and Aradhana Sah, in their directorial debuts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=10 January 2024 |title=Kriti Sanon, Shahid Kapoor's film titled 'Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kriti-sanon-shahid-kapoor-film-titled-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-2486795-2024-01-10 |website=India Today |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131173230/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kriti-sanon-shahid-kapoor-film-titled-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-2486795-2024-01-10 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Principal photography]] commenced in October 2022 and ended in April 2023. The film was released theatrically on 9 February 2024 to critical positive reviews from critics with praise for its soundtrack, acting performances and lead pair's chemistry, but criticism for its direction, story and screenplay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=9 February 2024 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya movie review: Shahid Kapoor-Kriti Sanon serve confused mish-mash of genres |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-movie-review-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-serve-confused-mish-mash-of-genres-9152416/ |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=13 February 2024 |website=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-13 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya box office collection day 4: Shahid Kapoor film witnesses dip, earns just over ₹3 crore |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-box-office-collection-day-4-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-film-101707790777966.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film garnered attention for Kapoor's return to dancing after eight years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=11 January 2023 |title=Shahid Kapoor all set to return to his dancing avatar with his impossible love story 'Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/shahid-kapoor-all-set-to-return-to-his-dancing-avatar-with-his-impossible-love-story-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-13601712.html |website=Firstpost}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=12 January 2023 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya song Laal Peeli Akhiyaan: Shahid Kapoor brings back his dance moves with Kriti Sanon |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-laal-peeli-akhiyaan-shahid-kapoor-brings-back-his-dance-moves-with-kriti-sanon-101705043147747.html |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=2 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202143752/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-laal-peeli-akhiyaan-shahid-kapoor-brings-back-his-dance-moves-with-kriti-sanon-101705043147747.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Aryan ([[Shahid Kapoor]]) is a smart robotics engineer who takes after his aunt, Urmila ([[Dimple Kapadia]]), working in her company, Robotex. His aunt invites him to the [[United States|USA]], where he meets SIFRA (Super Intelligent Female Robot Automation), who looks and acts like a human, a fact unknown to him. Aryan falls in love with Sifra ([[Kriti Sanon]]) but later learns she's actually a [[Robot|robot]] and a ploy used by his aunt to test if humans could tell SIFRA apart from themselves.<br /> Heartbroken, he returns to [[India]] and agrees to an arranged marriage. However, when he realizes his love for Sifra, he decides to sneak out of the engagement ceremony and is caught by his grandfather ([[Dharmendra]]) who suggests him to follow his heart and assures him that he'll handle the family situation in his absence.<br /> <br /> Aryan wishes Sifra could be in India so he could introduce her to his family, so he calls his aunt to ask her to send Sifra to India for further 'testing' against a traditional Indian family. She agrees for the 'testing' and sends her to India, and he introduces her as his girlfriend to his family leading to numerous comical situations.<br /> <br /> Aryan's family, unaware she is a robot, agree to their marriage. Before their wedding, Sifra installs a faulty update ridden with a virus which corrupts her memory and causes her to forget everything. Aryan calls his aunt to ask for help, and she sends him a memory backup which Aryan installs, causing Sifra to recover her memory. Aryan's aunt Urmila who was unaware of Aryan's intentions of marrying Sifra is against him after knowing the truth and orders Aryan to return Sifra as she is Urmila's company property. Aryan manages to convince his aunt and after an emotional conversation, she agrees to let him keep Sifra.<br /> <br /> On their wedding day, a blackout occurs while Sifra was charging herself, which causes Sifra to malfunction. Sifra's speech becomes distorted, and her movements begin to glitch while she performs orders given to her previously that were taken back, one of them being 'setting [[Delhi]] on fire'. Looking at the destruction caused by Sifra, A heartbroken Aryan left with no choice but to stop her, ultimately stops her by hitting her face with a sword slashing her face, which reveals the inner workings of a robot, and he realizes that even though Sifra looks human, she can never truly be one. <br /> <br /> The film ends with Aryan's aunt launching a series of robots including Sifra 2.0. This new Sifra has her memory and settings formatted and Aryan is no more her Admin. Jiah ([[Janhvi Kapoor]]) a new intern, approaches Aryan at the end asks him for advice on how to find true love. Looking at Aryan and Jiah bonding, Sifra starts to feel jealous and Aryan notices her emotions.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast list|<br /> * [[Shahid Kapoor]] as Aryan Agnihotri<br /> * [[Kriti Sanon]] as SIFRA (Super Intelligent Female Robot Automation)<br /> * [[Dharmendra]] as Jai Singh Agnihotri<br /> * [[Dimple Kapadia]] as Urmila Shukla<br /> * [[Rakesh Bedi]] as Papa<br /> * Anubha Fatehpuria as Sharmila Agnihotri<br /> * [[Rajesh Kumar (actor)|Rajesh Kumar]] as Mama<br /> * Raashul Tandon as Pappu<br /> * Grusha Kapoor as Bua<br /> * Brijbhushan Shukla as Foofa<br /> * Ashish Verma as Monty<br /> * Maahi Raj Jain as Tim Tim<br /> * Shaunak Duggal as Chintu<br /> * Shivaani Sopuri as Pammi<br /> * Chittransh as Kapil<br /> * Amisha Thakur as Myra<br /> * Rajan Kavatra as Inspector Gupta<br /> * Manish Kumar as Constable Gujjar<br /> * Abhishek Gaikwad as Dubey Ji<br /> * Kamal Chellani as Vishal<br /> * Suryansh Mishra as Kushal<br /> * Snehal Shidam as Mangla<br /> * Rajan Tiwari as Pandit Ji<br /> * [[Janhvi Kapoor]] as Jiah (special appearance)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=REVEALED: Janhvi Kapoor has a special appearance in Shahid Kapoor-Kriti Sanon starrer Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/revealed-janhvi-kapoor-special-appearance-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya/|date=9 February 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=9 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> In August 2022, [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kriti Sanon]] were signed to star in [[Dinesh Vijan]]'s next [[Android (robot)|robot]] [[romantic comedy|rom-com]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=4 August 2022 |title=Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon come together for the first time for Dinesh Vijan's robot film |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-come-together-first-time-dinesh-vijans-robot-film/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=4 August 2022 |archive-date=4 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804205039/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-come-together-first-time-dinesh-vijans-robot-film/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Production began in October 2022 and ended in April 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=8 April 2023 |title=Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon wrap up their upcoming love story, see first look poster |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-wrap-upcoming-love-story-see-first-look-poster/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408062329/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-wrap-upcoming-love-story-see-first-look-poster/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film's title ''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' was revealed in January 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=10 January 2024 |title=Kriti Sanon and Shahid Kapoor starrer titled Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-release-date/ |website=Bollywood Hungama|date=10 January 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Sachin–Jigar]], [[Raghav]], Mitraz, Talwiinder, MC Square and NDS<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 5 February 2024<br /> | recorded =<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = {{Duration|m=16|s=26}}<br /> | label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br /> | language = Hindi&lt;!--Do not link per WP:OL--&gt;<br /> | producer =<br /> | misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio<br /> |{{YouTube|8cJBstK_u4c|Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya (Full Album}}<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The music of ''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' is composed by [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Sachin–Jigar]], [[Raghav]], Mitraz, Talwiinder, MC Square and NDS. The first single titled &quot;Laal Peeli Akhiyaan&quot;, an adaptation of a [[Rajasthani music|Rajasthani]] song of the same name, was released on 12 January 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=12 January 2023 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya song Laal Peeli Akhiyaan: Shahid Kapoor brings back his dance moves with Kriti Sanon |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-laal-peeli-akhiyaan-shahid-kapoor-brings-back-his-dance-moves-with-kriti-sanon-101705043147747.html |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=2 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202143752/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-laal-peeli-akhiyaan-shahid-kapoor-brings-back-his-dance-moves-with-kriti-sanon-101705043147747.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The second single, a remake of &quot;Gulaab&quot; by Mitraz, &quot;Akhiyaan Gulaab&quot; was released on 24 January 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 January 2024 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya song Akhiyaan Gulaab: Shahid, Kriti groove to tunes of their budding romance. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-akhiyaan-gulaab-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-mitraz-101706079404071.html |access-date=24 January 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |archive-date=24 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124204653/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-akhiyaan-gulaab-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-mitraz-101706079404071.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The song &quot;Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya (Title Track)&quot; was a remake of the song &quot;Teri Baaton (Your Words)&quot; from the 2004 album ''[[Storyteller (Raghav album)|Storyteller]]'' by the Canadian singer [[Raghav]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Shahid Kapoor-Kriti Sanon starrer named 'Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya', to release on Feb 9|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-named-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-to-release-on-feb-9-23329217|date=10 January 2024|website=Mid Day|access-date=13 January 2024|archive-date=2 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202143814/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-named-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-to-release-on-feb-9-23329217|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Shahid Kapoor, Kriti Sanon-starrer 'impossible love story' titled Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya, release date out|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-impossible-love-story-titled-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-release-date-out-3074082/|date=10 January 2024|website=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=13 January 2024|archive-date=13 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113070749/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-impossible-love-story-titled-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-release-date-out-3074082/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The fourth single titled &quot;Tum Se&quot; was released on 2 February 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title='Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya' song 'Tum Se': Shah |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-tum-se-shahid-kapoor-and-kriti-sanons-romance-takes-center-stage-in-this-love-track/articleshow/107351503.cms?from=mdr |access-date=9 February 2024 |publisher=Times Entertainment |date=2 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; The fifth single, a remake of &quot;Gallan 4&quot; by Talwiinder called &quot;Gallan&quot; released on 13 February 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya {{!}} Song - Gallan (Teaser) {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-gallan-teaser/videoshow/107653212.cms |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | total_length = 16:26<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Laal Peeli Akhiyaan<br /> | extra1 = Tanishk Bagchi, Romy<br /> | lyrics1 = Neeraj Rajawat<br /> | music1 = [[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br /> | length1 = 3:08<br /> | title2 = Akhiyaan Gulaab<br /> | extra2 = Mitraz<br /> | lyrics2 = Mitraz<br /> | music2 = Mitraz<br /> | length2 = 2:51<br /> | title3 = Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya (Title Track)<br /> | extra3 = [[Raghav]], Tanishk Bagchi, [[Asees Kaur]]<br /> | lyrics3 = Tanishk Bagchi<br /> | music3 = Raghav, Tanishk Bagchi<br /> | length3 = 2:32<br /> | title4 = Tum Se<br /> | extra4 = Sachin–Jigar, Varun Jain, [[Raghav Chaitanya]]<br /> | lyrics4 = Indraneel<br /> | music4 = [[Sachin–Jigar]]<br /> | length4 = 4:24<br /> | title5= Gallan<br /> | extra5= Talwiinder, MC SQUARE<br /> | lyrics5 = Talwiinder &amp; MC SQUARE<br /> | music5 = Talwiinder, NDS, MC SQUARE<br /> | length5 = 3:31<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> Initially scheduled for release on 7 December 2023, ''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' was finally released on 9 February 2024, coinciding with the [[Valentine's Day]] weekend.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=3 October 2023 |title=Shahid Kapoor – Kriti Sanon starrer sci-fi romantic comedy postponed to 2024; set for February 9 release |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-sci-fi-romantic-comedy-postponed-2024-set-february-9-release/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110120033/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-sci-fi-romantic-comedy-postponed-2024-set-february-9-release/ |archive-date=10 January 2024 |access-date= |website=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=19 June 2023 |title=Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon starrer 'impossible love story' to release in theatres on December 7, 2023 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-impossible-love-story-release-theatres-december-7-2023/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619051400/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-impossible-love-story-release-theatres-december-7-2023/ |archive-date=19 June 2023 |access-date=19 June 2023 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> ===Critical response===<br /> ''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics with praise for its soundtrack, acting performances and lead pair's chemistry, but criticism for its direction, story and screenplay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-13 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya box office collection day 4: Shahid Kapoor film witnesses dip, earns just over ₹3 crore |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-box-office-collection-day-4-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-film-101707790777966.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=46|count=13|average=5.4|consensus=|ref=yes |access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya|id=teri_baaton_mein_aisa_uljha_jiya<br /> |type=m|access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Writing for ''[[Film Companion]]'', [[Anupama Chopra]] reviewed &quot;''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' is a good-looking film with foreign locations, beach and ''shaadi'' songs, stylish clothes and expansive houses and offices. The surfaces are gleaming. I wish the writing had matched.&quot; In a similar take, ''[[NDTV]]''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s [[Saibal Chatterjee]] opined &quot;Once the novelty of the notion wears off - and that happens pretty quickly - there is little on offer here barring the fact that this is the first time that Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon have teamed up&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya Review: An Experiment Gone Awry |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-review-an-experiment-gone-awry-1-5-star-5024561 |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=[[NDTV]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Anuj Kumar of [[The Hindu|''The Hindu'']] had a more lukewarm response to the film, reviewing &quot;Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon submit themselves to a fantastic idea that doesn't quite reach its potential, but provides moments of harmless fun as it probes the state of affairs in modern-day romance&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=2024-02-09 |title='Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya' movie review: A social experiment with the heart of a sitcom |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-movie-review-a-social-experiment-with-the-heart-of-a-sitcom/article67828306.ece |access-date=2024-02-10 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite otherwise disliking the film, [[News18 India|''New18'']]'s Titas Chowdhury praised Kapoor and Sanon's &quot;scintillating chemistry&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-09 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya Review: Shahid And Kriti Have Best Chemistry In This Average Fare |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-review-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-deserve-better-rom-com-8771952.html |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In a scathing review for [[The Indian Express|''The Indian Express'']], [[Shubhra Gupta]] rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and stated &quot;Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon deliver confused film that combines sci-fi tropes with mushy Indian family drama&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-09 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya movie review: Shahid Kapoor-Kriti Sanon serve confused mish-mash of genres |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-movie-review-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-serve-confused-mish-mash-of-genres-9152416/ |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Box office===<br /> As of 15 February 2024, ''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' has grossed {{INRConvert|49.96|c}} in India, with a further {{INRConvert|23.41|c}} in overseas, for a worldwide total of {{INRConvert|73.37|c}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;bo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya/box-office/|date=9 February 2024|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=10 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Science fiction films in India]]<br /> * [[List of science fiction films of the 2020s]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|27459160}}<br /> * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|id=teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya}}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2020s Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:2024 romantic comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:2024 films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian science fiction comedy films]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teri_Baaton_Mein_Aisa_Uljha_Jiya&diff=443759 2024-02-17T20:14:05Z

<p>PinkMelon: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2024 Indian science fiction film}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya<br /> | image = Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya film poster.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = Amit Joshi&lt;br /&gt;Aradhana Sah<br /> | writer = Amit Joshi&lt;br /&gt;Aradhana Sah<br /> | producer = [[Dinesh Vijan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Jyoti Deshpande]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Laxman Utekar]]<br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Shahid Kapoor]]<br /> * [[Kriti Sanon]]<br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = Laxman Utekar<br /> | editing = Manish Pradhan<br /> | music = '''Score:'''&lt;br /&gt;[[Sachin–Jigar]]&lt;br /&gt;'''Songs:'''&lt;br /&gt;[[Tanishk Bagchi]]&lt;br /&gt;Sachin–Jigar&lt;br /&gt;Mitraz&lt;br /&gt;[[Raghav]]&lt;br /&gt;Talwiinder&lt;br /&gt;NDS&lt;br /&gt;MC SQUARE<br /> | studio = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Maddock Films]]<br /> * [[Jio Studios]]<br /> }}<br /> | distributor = [[Pen India Limited|Pen Marudhar Entertainment]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|02|09}}<br /> | runtime = 143 minutes&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: CBFC reduces sex scene by 25% in Shahid Kapoor-Kriti Sanon starrer Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-cbfc-reduces-sex-scene-25-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya/|date=7 February 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=7 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = {{INR|45 <br /> crore}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya Box Office Collection Day 4 crosses 50 cr |url=https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-box-office-collection-day-4-crosses-50-cr-124021200781_1.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=[[Business Standard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | gross = {{INR|73.37}} crore&lt;ref name=&quot;bo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya/box-office/|date=9 February 2024|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=10 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya''''' ({{trans|''My heart got so entangled in your words''}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[science fiction film|science fiction]] [[romantic comedy]] starring [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kriti Sanon]]. Produced under [[Maddock Films]] and [[Jio Platforms|Jio Studios]], the film is written and directed by Amit Joshi and Aradhana Sah, in their directorial debuts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=10 January 2024 |title=Kriti Sanon, Shahid Kapoor's film titled 'Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kriti-sanon-shahid-kapoor-film-titled-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-2486795-2024-01-10 |website=India Today |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131173230/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kriti-sanon-shahid-kapoor-film-titled-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-2486795-2024-01-10 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Principal photography]] commenced in October 2022 and ended in April 2023. The film was released theatrically on 9 February 2024 to critical positive reviews from critics with praise for its soundtrack, acting performances and lead pair's chemistry, but criticism for its direction, story and screenplay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=9 February 2024 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya movie review: Shahid Kapoor-Kriti Sanon serve confused mish-mash of genres |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-movie-review-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-serve-confused-mish-mash-of-genres-9152416/ |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=13 February 2024 |website=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-13 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya box office collection day 4: Shahid Kapoor film witnesses dip, earns just over ₹3 crore |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-box-office-collection-day-4-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-film-101707790777966.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film garnered attention for Kapoor's return to dancing after eight years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=11 January 2023 |title=Shahid Kapoor all set to return to his dancing avatar with his impossible love story 'Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/shahid-kapoor-all-set-to-return-to-his-dancing-avatar-with-his-impossible-love-story-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-13601712.html |website=Firstpost}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=12 January 2023 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya song Laal Peeli Akhiyaan: Shahid Kapoor brings back his dance moves with Kriti Sanon |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-laal-peeli-akhiyaan-shahid-kapoor-brings-back-his-dance-moves-with-kriti-sanon-101705043147747.html |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=2 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202143752/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-laal-peeli-akhiyaan-shahid-kapoor-brings-back-his-dance-moves-with-kriti-sanon-101705043147747.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Aryan ([[Shahid Kapoor]]) is a smart robotics engineer who takes after his aunt, Urmila ([[Dimple Kapadia]]), working in her company, Robotex. His aunt invites him to the [[United States|USA]], where he meets SIFRA (Super Intelligent Female Robot Automation), who looks and acts like a human, a fact unknown to him. Aryan falls in love with Sifra ([[Kriti Sanon]]) but later learns she's actually a [[Robot|robot]] and a ploy used by his aunt to test if humans could tell SIFRA apart from themselves.<br /> Heartbroken, he returns to [[India]] and agrees to an arranged marriage. However, when he realizes his love for Sifra, he decides to sneak out of the engagement ceremony and is caught by his grandfather ([[Dharmendra]]) who suggests him to follow his heart and assures him that he'll handle the family situation in his absence.<br /> <br /> Aryan wishes Sifra could be in India so he could introduce her to his family, so he calls his aunt to ask her to send Sifra to India for further 'testing' against a traditional Indian family. She agrees for the 'testing' and sends her to India, and he introduces her as his girlfriend to his family leading to numerous comical situations.<br /> <br /> Aryan's family, unaware she is a robot, agree to their marriage. Before their wedding, Sifra installs a faulty update ridden with a virus which corrupts her memory and causes her to forget everything. Aryan calls his aunt to ask for help, and she sends him a memory backup which Aryan installs, causing Sifra to recover her memory. Aryan's aunt Urmila who was unaware of Aryan's intentions of marrying Sifra is against him after knowing the truth and orders Aryan to return Sifra as she is Urmila's company property. Aryan manages to convince his aunt and after an emotional conversation, she agrees to let him keep Sifra.<br /> <br /> On their wedding day, a blackout occurs while Sifra was charging herself, which causes Sifra to malfunction. Sifra's speech becomes distorted, and her movements begin to glitch while she performs orders given to her previously that were taken back, one of them being 'setting [[Delhi]] on fire'. Looking at the destruction caused by Sifra, A heartbroken Aryan left with no choice but to stop her, ultimately stops her by hitting her face with a sword slashing her face, which reveals the inner workings of a robot, and he realizes that even though Sifra looks human, she can never truly be one. <br /> <br /> The film ends with Aryan's aunt launching a series of robots including Sifra 2.0. This new Sifra has her memory and settings formatted and Aryan is no more her Admin. Jiah ([[Janhvi Kapoor]]) a new intern, approaches Aryan at the end asks him for advice on how to find true love. Looking at Aryan and Jiah bonding, Sifra starts to feel jealous and Aryan notices her emotions.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast list|<br /> * [[Shahid Kapoor]] as Aryan Agnihotri<br /> * [[Kriti Sanon]] as SIFRA (Super Intelligent Female Robot Automation)<br /> * [[Dharmendra]] as Jai Singh Agnihotri<br /> * [[Dimple Kapadia]] as Urmila Shukla<br /> * [[Rakesh Bedi]] as Papa<br /> * Anubha Fatehpuria as Sharmila Agnihotri<br /> * [[Rajesh Kumar (actor)|Rajesh Kumar]] as Mama<br /> * Raashul Tandon as Pappu<br /> * Grusha Kapoor as Bua<br /> * Brijbhushan Shukla as Foofa<br /> * Ashish Verma as Monty<br /> * Maahi Raj Jain as Tim Tim<br /> * Shaunak Duggal as Chintu<br /> * Shivaani Sopuri as Pammi<br /> * Chittransh as Kapil<br /> * Amisha Thakur as Myra<br /> * Rajan Kavatra as Inspector Gupta<br /> * Manish Kumar as Constable Gujjar<br /> * Abhishek Gaikwad as Dubey Ji<br /> * Kamal Chellani as Vishal<br /> * Suryansh Mishra as Kushal<br /> * Snehal Shidam as Mangla<br /> * Rajan Tiwari as Pandit Ji<br /> * [[Janhvi Kapoor]] as Jiah (special appearance)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=REVEALED: Janhvi Kapoor has a special appearance in Shahid Kapoor-Kriti Sanon starrer Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/revealed-janhvi-kapoor-special-appearance-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya/|date=9 February 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=9 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> In August 2022, [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kriti Sanon]] were signed to star in [[Dinesh Vijan]]'s next [[Android (robot)|robot]] [[romantic comedy|rom-com]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=4 August 2022 |title=Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon come together for the first time for Dinesh Vijan's robot film |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-come-together-first-time-dinesh-vijans-robot-film/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=4 August 2022 |archive-date=4 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804205039/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-come-together-first-time-dinesh-vijans-robot-film/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Production began in October 2022 and ended in April 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=8 April 2023 |title=Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon wrap up their upcoming love story, see first look poster |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-wrap-upcoming-love-story-see-first-look-poster/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408062329/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-wrap-upcoming-love-story-see-first-look-poster/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film's title ''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' was revealed in January 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=10 January 2024 |title=Kriti Sanon and Shahid Kapoor starrer titled Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-release-date/ |website=Bollywood Hungama|date=10 January 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Sachin–Jigar]], [[Raghav]], Mitraz, Talwiinder, MC Square and NDS<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 5 February 2024<br /> | recorded =<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = {{Duration|m=16|s=26}}<br /> | label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br /> | language = Hindi&lt;!--Do not link per WP:OL--&gt;<br /> | producer =<br /> | misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio<br /> |{{YouTube|8cJBstK_u4c|Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya (Full Album}}<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The music of ''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' is composed by [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Sachin–Jigar]], [[Raghav]], Mitraz, Talwiinder, MC Square and NDS. The first single titled &quot;Laal Peeli Akhiyaan&quot;, an adaptation of a [[Rajasthani music|Rajasthani]] song of the same name, was released on 12 January 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=12 January 2023 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya song Laal Peeli Akhiyaan: Shahid Kapoor brings back his dance moves with Kriti Sanon |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-laal-peeli-akhiyaan-shahid-kapoor-brings-back-his-dance-moves-with-kriti-sanon-101705043147747.html |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=2 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202143752/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-laal-peeli-akhiyaan-shahid-kapoor-brings-back-his-dance-moves-with-kriti-sanon-101705043147747.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The second single, a remake of &quot;Gulaab&quot; by Mitraz, &quot;Akhiyaan Gulaab&quot; was released on 24 January 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 January 2024 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya song Akhiyaan Gulaab: Shahid, Kriti groove to tunes of their budding romance. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-akhiyaan-gulaab-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-mitraz-101706079404071.html |access-date=24 January 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |archive-date=24 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124204653/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-akhiyaan-gulaab-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-mitraz-101706079404071.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The song &quot;Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya (Title Track)&quot; was a remake of the song &quot;Teri Baaton (Your Words)&quot; from the 2004 album ''[[Storyteller (Raghav album)|Storyteller]]'' by the Canadian singer [[Raghav]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Shahid Kapoor-Kriti Sanon starrer named 'Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya', to release on Feb 9|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-named-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-to-release-on-feb-9-23329217|date=10 January 2024|website=Mid Day|access-date=13 January 2024|archive-date=2 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202143814/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-named-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-to-release-on-feb-9-23329217|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Shahid Kapoor, Kriti Sanon-starrer 'impossible love story' titled Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya, release date out|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-impossible-love-story-titled-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-release-date-out-3074082/|date=10 January 2024|website=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=13 January 2024|archive-date=13 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113070749/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-impossible-love-story-titled-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-release-date-out-3074082/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The fourth single titled &quot;Tum Se&quot; was released on 2 February 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title='Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya' song 'Tum Se': Shah |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-tum-se-shahid-kapoor-and-kriti-sanons-romance-takes-center-stage-in-this-love-track/articleshow/107351503.cms?from=mdr |access-date=9 February 2024 |publisher=Times Entertainment |date=2 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; The fifth single, a remake of &quot;Gallan 4&quot; by Talwiinder called &quot;Gallan&quot; released on 13 February 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya {{!}} Song - Gallan (Teaser) {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-gallan-teaser/videoshow/107653212.cms |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | total_length = 16:26<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Laal Peeli Akhiyaan<br /> | extra1 = Tanishk Bagchi, Romy<br /> | lyrics1 = Neeraj Rajawat<br /> | music1 = [[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br /> | length1 = 3:08<br /> | title2 = Akhiyaan Gulaab<br /> | extra2 = Mitraz<br /> | lyrics2 = Mitraz<br /> | music2 = Mitraz<br /> | length2 = 2:51<br /> | title3 = Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya (Title Track)<br /> | extra3 = [[Raghav]], Tanishk Bagchi, [[Asees Kaur]]<br /> | lyrics3 = Tanishk Bagchi<br /> | music3 = Raghav, Tanishk Bagchi<br /> | length3 = 2:32<br /> | title4 = Tum Se<br /> | extra4 = Sachin–Jigar, Varun Jain, [[Raghav Chaitanya]]<br /> | lyrics4 = Indraneel<br /> | music4 = [[Sachin–Jigar]]<br /> | length4 = 4:24<br /> | title5= Gallan<br /> | extra5= Talwiinder, MC SQUARE<br /> | lyrics5 = Talwiinder &amp; MC SQUARE<br /> | music5 = Talwiinder, NDS, MC SQUARE<br /> | length5 = 3:31<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> Initially scheduled for release on 7 December 2023, ''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' was finally released on 9 February 2024, coinciding with the [[Valentine's Day]] weekend.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=3 October 2023 |title=Shahid Kapoor – Kriti Sanon starrer sci-fi romantic comedy postponed to 2024; set for February 9 release |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-sci-fi-romantic-comedy-postponed-2024-set-february-9-release/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110120033/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-sci-fi-romantic-comedy-postponed-2024-set-february-9-release/ |archive-date=10 January 2024 |access-date= |website=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=19 June 2023 |title=Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon starrer 'impossible love story' to release in theatres on December 7, 2023 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-impossible-love-story-release-theatres-december-7-2023/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619051400/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-impossible-love-story-release-theatres-december-7-2023/ |archive-date=19 June 2023 |access-date=19 June 2023 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> ===Critical response===<br /> ''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics with praise for its soundtrack, acting performances and lead pair's chemistry, but criticism for its direction, story and screenplay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-13 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya box office collection day 4: Shahid Kapoor film witnesses dip, earns just over ₹3 crore |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-box-office-collection-day-4-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-film-101707790777966.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=46|count=13|average=5.4|consensus=|ref=yes |access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya|id=teri_baaton_mein_aisa_uljha_jiya<br /> |type=m|access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Writing for ''[[Film Companion]]'', [[Anupama Chopra]] reviewed &quot;''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' is a good-looking film with foreign locations, beach and ''shaadi'' songs, stylish clothes and expansive houses and offices. The surfaces are gleaming. I wish the writing had matched.&quot; In a similar take, ''[[NDTV]]''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s [[Saibal Chatterjee]] opined &quot;Once the novelty of the notion wears off - and that happens pretty quickly - there is little on offer here barring the fact that this is the first time that Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon have teamed up&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya Review: An Experiment Gone Awry |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-review-an-experiment-gone-awry-1-5-star-5024561 |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=[[NDTV]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Anuj Kumar of [[The Hindu|''The Hindu'']] had a more lukewarm response to the film, reviewing &quot;Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon submit themselves to a fantastic idea that doesn't quite reach its potential, but provides moments of harmless fun as it probes the state of affairs in modern-day romance&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=2024-02-09 |title='Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya' movie review: A social experiment with the heart of a sitcom |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-movie-review-a-social-experiment-with-the-heart-of-a-sitcom/article67828306.ece |access-date=2024-02-10 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite otherwise disliking the film, [[News18 India|''New18'']]'s Titas Chowdhury praised Kapoor and Sanon's &quot;scintillating chemistry&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-09 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya Review: Shahid And Kriti Have Best Chemistry In This Average Fare |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-review-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-deserve-better-rom-com-8771952.html |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In a scathing review for [[The Indian Express|''The Indian Express'']], [[Shubhra Gupta]] rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and stated &quot;Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon deliver confused film that combines sci-fi tropes with mushy Indian family drama&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-09 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya movie review: Shahid Kapoor-Kriti Sanon serve confused mish-mash of genres |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-movie-review-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-serve-confused-mish-mash-of-genres-9152416/ |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Box office===<br /> As of 15 February 2024, ''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' has grossed {{INRConvert|49.96|c}} in India, with a further {{INRConvert|23.41|c}} in overseas, for a worldwide total of {{INRConvert|73.37|c}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;bo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya/box-office/|date=9 February 2024|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=10 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Science fiction films in India]]<br /> * [[List of science fiction films of the 2020s]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|27459160}}<br /> * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|id=teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya}}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2020s Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:2024 romantic comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:2024 films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian science fiction comedy films]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teri_Baaton_Mein_Aisa_Uljha_Jiya&diff=443758 2024-02-17T20:12:43Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|2024 Indian science fiction film}} {{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Infobox film | name = Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya | image = Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya film poster.jpg | alt = | caption = Theatrical release poster | director = Amit Joshi&lt;br /&gt;Aradhana Sah | writer = Amit Joshi&lt;br /&gt;Aradhana Sah | producer = Dinesh Vijan&lt;br /&gt;Jy...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2024 Indian science fiction film}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya<br /> | image = Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya film poster.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = Amit Joshi&lt;br /&gt;Aradhana Sah<br /> | writer = Amit Joshi&lt;br /&gt;Aradhana Sah<br /> | producer = [[Dinesh Vijan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Jyoti Deshpande]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Laxman Utekar]]<br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Shahid Kapoor]]<br /> * [[Kriti Sanon]]<br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = Laxman Utekar<br /> | editing = Manish Pradhan<br /> | music = '''Score:'''&lt;br /&gt;[[Sachin–Jigar]]&lt;br /&gt;'''Songs:'''&lt;br /&gt;[[Tanishk Bagchi]]&lt;br /&gt;Sachin–Jigar&lt;br /&gt;Mitraz&lt;br /&gt;[[Raghav]]&lt;br /&gt;Talwiinder&lt;br /&gt;NDS&lt;br /&gt;MC SQUARE<br /> | studio = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Maddock Films]]<br /> * [[Jio Studios]]<br /> }}<br /> | distributor = [[Pen India Limited|Pen Marudhar Entertainment]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|02|09}}<br /> | runtime = 143 minutes&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: CBFC reduces sex scene by 25% in Shahid Kapoor-Kriti Sanon starrer Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-cbfc-reduces-sex-scene-25-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya/|date=7 February 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=7 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = {{INR|45 <br /> crore}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya Box Office Collection Day 4 crosses 50 cr |url=https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-box-office-collection-day-4-crosses-50-cr-124021200781_1.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=[[Business Standard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | gross = {{INR|73.37}} crore&lt;ref name=&quot;bo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya/box-office/|date=9 February 2024|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=10 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya''''' ({{trans|''My heart got so entangled in your words''}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[science fiction film|science fiction]] [[romantic comedy]] starring [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kriti Sanon]]. Produced under [[Maddock Films]] and [[Jio Platforms|Jio Studios]], the film is written and directed by Amit Joshi and Aradhana Sah, in their directorial debuts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=10 January 2024 |title=Kriti Sanon, Shahid Kapoor's film titled 'Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kriti-sanon-shahid-kapoor-film-titled-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-2486795-2024-01-10 |website=India Today |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131173230/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kriti-sanon-shahid-kapoor-film-titled-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-2486795-2024-01-10 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Principal photography]] commenced in October 2022 and ended in April 2023. The film was released theatrically on 9 February 2024 to critical positive reviews from critics with praise for its soundtrack, acting performances and lead pair's chemistry, but criticism for its direction, story and screenplay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=9 February 2024 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya movie review: Shahid Kapoor-Kriti Sanon serve confused mish-mash of genres |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-movie-review-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-serve-confused-mish-mash-of-genres-9152416/ |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=13 February 2024 |website=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-13 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya box office collection day 4: Shahid Kapoor film witnesses dip, earns just over ₹3 crore |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-box-office-collection-day-4-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-film-101707790777966.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film garnered attention for Kapoor's return to dancing after eight years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=11 January 2023 |title=Shahid Kapoor all set to return to his dancing avatar with his impossible love story 'Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/shahid-kapoor-all-set-to-return-to-his-dancing-avatar-with-his-impossible-love-story-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-13601712.html |website=Firstpost}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=12 January 2023 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya song Laal Peeli Akhiyaan: Shahid Kapoor brings back his dance moves with Kriti Sanon |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-laal-peeli-akhiyaan-shahid-kapoor-brings-back-his-dance-moves-with-kriti-sanon-101705043147747.html |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=2 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202143752/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-laal-peeli-akhiyaan-shahid-kapoor-brings-back-his-dance-moves-with-kriti-sanon-101705043147747.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Aryan ([[Shahid Kapoor]]) is a smart robotics engineer who takes after his aunt, Urmila ([[Dimple Kapadia]]), working in her company, Robotex. His aunt invites him to the [[United States|USA]], where he meets SIFRA (Super Intelligent Female Robot Automation), who looks and acts like a human, a fact unknown to him. Aryan falls in love with Sifra ([[Kriti Sanon]]) but later learns she's actually a [[Robot|robot]] and a ploy used by his aunt to test if humans could tell SIFRA apart from themselves.<br /> Heartbroken, he returns to [[India]] and agrees to an arranged marriage. However, when he realizes his love for Sifra, he decides to sneak out of the engagement ceremony and is caught by his grandfather ([[Dharmendra]]) who suggests him to follow his heart and assures him that he'll handle the family situation in his absence.<br /> <br /> Aryan wishes Sifra could be in India so he could introduce her to his family, so he calls his aunt to ask her to send Sifra to India for further 'testing' against a traditional Indian family. She agrees for the 'testing' and sends her to India, and he introduces her as his girlfriend to his family leading to numerous comical situations.<br /> <br /> Aryan's family, unaware she is a robot, agree to their marriage. Before their wedding, Sifra installs a faulty update ridden with a virus which corrupts her memory and causes her to forget everything. Aryan calls his aunt to ask for help, and she sends him a memory backup which Aryan installs, causing Sifra to recover her memory. Aryan's aunt Urmila who was unaware of Aryan's intentions of marrying Sifra is against him after knowing the truth and orders Aryan to return Sifra as she is Urmila's company property. Aryan manages to convince his aunt and after an emotional conversation, she agrees to let him keep Sifra.<br /> <br /> On their wedding day, a blackout occurs while Sifra was charging herself, which causes Sifra to malfunction. Sifra's speech becomes distorted, and her movements begin to glitch while she performs orders given to her previously that were taken back, one of them being 'setting [[Delhi]] on fire'. Looking at the destruction caused by Sifra, A heartbroken Aryan left with no choice but to stop her, ultimately stops her by hitting her face with a sword slashing her face, which reveals the inner workings of a robot, and he realizes that even though Sifra looks human, she can never truly be one. <br /> <br /> The film ends with Aryan's aunt launching a series of robots including Sifra 2.0. This new Sifra has her memory and settings formatted and Aryan is no more her Admin. Jiah ([[Janhvi Kapoor]]) a new intern, approaches Aryan at the end asks him for advice on how to find true love. Looking at Aryan and Jiah bonding, Sifra starts to feel jealous and Aryan notices her emotions.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast list|<br /> * [[Shahid Kapoor]] as Aryan Agnihotri<br /> * [[Kriti Sanon]] as SIFRA (Super Intelligent Female Robot Automation)<br /> * [[Dharmendra]] as Jai Singh Agnihotri<br /> * [[Dimple Kapadia]] as Urmila Shukla<br /> * [[Rakesh Bedi]] as Papa<br /> * Anubha Fatehpuria as Sharmila Agnihotri<br /> * [[Rajesh Kumar (actor)|Rajesh Kumar]] as Mama<br /> * Raashul Tandon as Pappu<br /> * Grusha Kapoor as Bua<br /> * Brijbhushan Shukla as Foofa<br /> * Ashish Verma as Monty<br /> * Maahi Raj Jain as Tim Tim<br /> * Shaunak Duggal as Chintu<br /> * Shivaani Sopuri as Pammi<br /> * Chittransh as Kapil<br /> * Amisha Thakur as Myra<br /> * Rajan Kavatra as Inspector Gupta<br /> * Manish Kumar as Constable Gujjar<br /> * Abhishek Gaikwad as Dubey Ji<br /> * Kamal Chellani as Vishal<br /> * Suryansh Mishra as Kushal<br /> * Snehal Shidam as Mangla<br /> * Rajan Tiwari as Pandit Ji<br /> * [[Janhvi Kapoor]] as Jiah (special appearance)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=REVEALED: Janhvi Kapoor has a special appearance in Shahid Kapoor-Kriti Sanon starrer Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/revealed-janhvi-kapoor-special-appearance-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya/|date=9 February 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=9 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> In August 2022, [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kriti Sanon]] were signed to star in [[Dinesh Vijan]]'s next [[Android (robot)|robot]] [[romantic comedy|rom-com]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=4 August 2022 |title=Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon come together for the first time for Dinesh Vijan's robot film |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-come-together-first-time-dinesh-vijans-robot-film/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=4 August 2022 |archive-date=4 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804205039/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-come-together-first-time-dinesh-vijans-robot-film/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Production began in October 2022 and ended in April 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=8 April 2023 |title=Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon wrap up their upcoming love story, see first look poster |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-wrap-upcoming-love-story-see-first-look-poster/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408062329/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-wrap-upcoming-love-story-see-first-look-poster/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film's title ''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' was revealed in January 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=10 January 2024 |title=Kriti Sanon and Shahid Kapoor starrer titled Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-release-date/ |website=Bollywood Hungama|date=10 January 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Sachin–Jigar]], [[Raghav]], Mitraz, Talwiinder, MC Square and NDS<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 5 February 2024<br /> | recorded =<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = {{Duration|m=16|s=26}}<br /> | label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br /> | language = Hindi&lt;!--Do not link per WP:OL--&gt;<br /> | producer =<br /> | misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio<br /> |{{YouTube|8cJBstK_u4c|Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya (Full Album}}<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The music of ''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' is composed by [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Sachin–Jigar]], [[Raghav]], Mitraz, Talwiinder, MC Square and NDS. The first single titled &quot;Laal Peeli Akhiyaan&quot;, an adaptation of a [[Rajasthani music|Rajasthani]] song of the same name, was released on 12 January 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=12 January 2023 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya song Laal Peeli Akhiyaan: Shahid Kapoor brings back his dance moves with Kriti Sanon |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-laal-peeli-akhiyaan-shahid-kapoor-brings-back-his-dance-moves-with-kriti-sanon-101705043147747.html |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=2 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202143752/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-laal-peeli-akhiyaan-shahid-kapoor-brings-back-his-dance-moves-with-kriti-sanon-101705043147747.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The second single, a remake of &quot;Gulaab&quot; by Mitraz, &quot;Akhiyaan Gulaab&quot; was released on 24 January 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 January 2024 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya song Akhiyaan Gulaab: Shahid, Kriti groove to tunes of their budding romance. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-akhiyaan-gulaab-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-mitraz-101706079404071.html |access-date=24 January 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |archive-date=24 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124204653/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-akhiyaan-gulaab-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-mitraz-101706079404071.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The song &quot;Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya (Title Track)&quot; was a remake of the song &quot;Teri Baaton (Your Words)&quot; from the 2004 album ''[[Storyteller (Raghav album)|Storyteller]]'' by the Canadian singer [[Raghav]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Shahid Kapoor-Kriti Sanon starrer named 'Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya', to release on Feb 9|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-named-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-to-release-on-feb-9-23329217|date=10 January 2024|website=Mid Day|access-date=13 January 2024|archive-date=2 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202143814/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-named-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-to-release-on-feb-9-23329217|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Shahid Kapoor, Kriti Sanon-starrer 'impossible love story' titled Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya, release date out|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-impossible-love-story-titled-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-release-date-out-3074082/|date=10 January 2024|website=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=13 January 2024|archive-date=13 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113070749/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-impossible-love-story-titled-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-release-date-out-3074082/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The fourth single titled &quot;Tum Se&quot; was released on 2 February 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title='Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya' song 'Tum Se': Shah |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-tum-se-shahid-kapoor-and-kriti-sanons-romance-takes-center-stage-in-this-love-track/articleshow/107351503.cms?from=mdr |access-date=9 February 2024 |publisher=Times Entertainment |date=2 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; The fifth single, a remake of &quot;Gallan 4&quot; by Talwiinder called &quot;Gallan&quot; released on 13 February 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya {{!}} Song - Gallan (Teaser) {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-song-gallan-teaser/videoshow/107653212.cms |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | total_length = 16:26<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Laal Peeli Akhiyaan<br /> | extra1 = Tanishk Bagchi, Romy<br /> | lyrics1 = Neeraj Rajawat<br /> | music1 = [[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br /> | length1 = 3:08<br /> | title2 = Akhiyaan Gulaab<br /> | extra2 = Mitraz<br /> | lyrics2 = Mitraz<br /> | music2 = Mitraz<br /> | length2 = 2:51<br /> | title3 = Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya (Title Track)<br /> | extra3 = [[Raghav]], Tanishk Bagchi, [[Asees Kaur]]<br /> | lyrics3 = Tanishk Bagchi<br /> | music3 = Raghav, Tanishk Bagchi<br /> | length3 = 2:32<br /> | title4 = Tum Se<br /> | extra4 = Sachin–Jigar, Varun Jain, [[Raghav Chaitanya]]<br /> | lyrics4 = Indraneel<br /> | music4 = [[Sachin–Jigar]]<br /> | length4 = 4:24<br /> | title5= Gallan<br /> | extra5= Talwiinder, MC SQUARE<br /> | lyrics5 = Talwiinder &amp; MC SQUARE<br /> | music5 = Talwiinder, NDS, MC SQUARE<br /> | length5 = 3:31<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> Initially scheduled for release on 7 December 2023, ''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' was finally released on 9 February 2024, coinciding with the [[Valentine's Day]] weekend.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=3 October 2023 |title=Shahid Kapoor – Kriti Sanon starrer sci-fi romantic comedy postponed to 2024; set for February 9 release |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-sci-fi-romantic-comedy-postponed-2024-set-february-9-release/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110120033/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-sci-fi-romantic-comedy-postponed-2024-set-february-9-release/ |archive-date=10 January 2024 |access-date= |website=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=19 June 2023 |title=Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon starrer 'impossible love story' to release in theatres on December 7, 2023 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-impossible-love-story-release-theatres-december-7-2023/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619051400/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-impossible-love-story-release-theatres-december-7-2023/ |archive-date=19 June 2023 |access-date=19 June 2023 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> ===Critical response===<br /> ''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics with praise for its soundtrack, acting performances and lead pair's chemistry, but criticism for its direction, story and screenplay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-13 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya box office collection day 4: Shahid Kapoor film witnesses dip, earns just over ₹3 crore |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-box-office-collection-day-4-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-film-101707790777966.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=46|count=13|average=5.4|consensus=|ref=yes |access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya|id=teri_baaton_mein_aisa_uljha_jiya<br /> |type=m|access-date=15 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Writing for ''[[Film Companion]]'', [[Anupama Chopra]] reviewed &quot;''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' is a good-looking film with foreign locations, beach and ''shaadi'' songs, stylish clothes and expansive houses and offices. The surfaces are gleaming. I wish the writing had matched.&quot; In a similar take, ''[[NDTV]]''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s [[Saibal Chatterjee]] opined &quot;Once the novelty of the notion wears off - and that happens pretty quickly - there is little on offer here barring the fact that this is the first time that Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon have teamed up&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya Review: An Experiment Gone Awry |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-review-an-experiment-gone-awry-1-5-star-5024561 |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=[[NDTV]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Anuj Kumar of [[The Hindu|''The Hindu'']] had a more lukewarm response to the film, reviewing &quot;Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon submit themselves to a fantastic idea that doesn't quite reach its potential, but provides moments of harmless fun as it probes the state of affairs in modern-day romance&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=2024-02-09 |title='Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya' movie review: A social experiment with the heart of a sitcom |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-movie-review-a-social-experiment-with-the-heart-of-a-sitcom/article67828306.ece |access-date=2024-02-10 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite otherwise disliking the film, [[News18 India|''New18'']]'s Titas Chowdhury praised Kapoor and Sanon's &quot;scintillating chemistry&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-09 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya Review: Shahid And Kriti Have Best Chemistry In This Average Fare |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-review-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-deserve-better-rom-com-8771952.html |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In a scathing review for [[The Indian Express|''The Indian Express'']], [[Shubhra Gupta]] rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and stated &quot;Shahid Kapoor and Kriti Sanon deliver confused film that combines sci-fi tropes with mushy Indian family drama&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-09 |title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya movie review: Shahid Kapoor-Kriti Sanon serve confused mish-mash of genres |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-movie-review-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-serve-confused-mish-mash-of-genres-9152416/ |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Box office===<br /> As of 15 February 2024, ''Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'' has grossed {{INRConvert|49.96|c}} in India, with a further {{INRConvert|23.41|c}} in overseas, for a worldwide total of {{INRConvert|73.37|c}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;bo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya/box-office/|date=9 February 2024|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=10 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Science fiction films in India]]<br /> * [[List of science fiction films of the 2020s]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|27459160}}<br /> * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|id=teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya}}<br /> <br /> {{Laxman Utekar}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2020s Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:2024 romantic comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:2024 films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian science fiction comedy films]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Police_Force_(TV_series)&diff=442632 2024-01-07T19:50:56Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|Indian cop drama web series}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}} {{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}} {{Infobox television | image = | caption = | genre = Action-thriller&lt;br&gt;Police procedural | creator = Rohit Shetty | based_on = | writer = Rohit Shetty&lt;br /&gt;Sandeep Saket&lt;br /&gt;Anusha Nandakumar&lt;br /&gt;Ayush Trivedi&lt;br /&gt;Vidhi Ghodgaonkar&lt;br /&gt;Sanchit Bedre | s...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian cop drama web series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | genre = [[Action-thriller]]&lt;br&gt;[[Police procedural]]<br /> | creator = [[Rohit Shetty]]<br /> | based_on = <br /> | writer = Rohit Shetty&lt;br /&gt;Sandeep Saket&lt;br /&gt;Anusha Nandakumar&lt;br /&gt;Ayush Trivedi&lt;br /&gt;Vidhi Ghodgaonkar&lt;br /&gt;Sanchit Bedre<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = <br /> | director = Rohit Shetty&lt;br /&gt;Sushwanth Prakash<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Sidharth Malhotra]]<br /> *[[Shilpa Shetty Kundra]]<br /> *[[Vivek Oberoi]]<br /> }}<br /> | theme_music_composer = Lijo George-DJ Chetas<br /> | music = [[Tanishk Bagchi]]&lt;br /&gt;Lijo George-DJ Chetas<br /> | open_theme = <br /> | end_theme = <br /> | composer = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = 7<br /> | list_episodes = <br /> | executive_producer = <br /> | producer = Rohit Shetty<br /> | location = <br /> | cinematography = Girish Kant&lt;br /&gt;Raza Mehta<br /> | editor = <br /> | camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = 45–50 minutes<br /> | company = [[Rohit Shetty|Rohit Shetty Picturez]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Reliance Entertainment]]<br /> | budget = <br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|1|19}}<br /> | network = [[Amazon Video]]<br /> | released = <br /> | related = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Indian Police Force''''' is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[police procedural]] [[action drama|action thriller]] [[streaming television|streaming series]] on [[Amazon Prime Video]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/rohit-shetty-i-want-to-make-indian-police-force-a-big-international-show/articleshow/91156444.cms|title=Rohit Shetty: I want to make 'Indian Police Force' a big international show|website=[[The Times of India]] }}&lt;/ref&gt; The series is created and directed by [[Rohit Shetty]] and Sushwanth Prakash.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/rohit-shetty-indian-police-force-want-to-make-the-biggest-show-7892152/|title=Rohit Shetty on Indian Police Force: Want to make the biggest show|date=April 28, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Produced by [[Rohit Shetty]] under the banner of [[Rohit Shetty|Rohit Shetty Picturez]] and [[Reliance Entertainment]]. This series stars [[Sidharth Malhotra]], [[Shilpa Shetty Kundra]] and [[Vivek Oberoi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/ott/indian-police-force-sidharth-malhotra-first-look-rohit-shetty-s-cop-universe-amazon-prime-video-2022-04-20-770948|title=Indian Police Force: Rohit Shetty's cop universe goes digital with Sidharth Malhotra; watch FIRST glimpse|first=Prerna|last=Yadav|date=20 April 2022|website=www.indiatvnews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series is set in Shetty's fictional [[Cop Universe]].<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Sidharth Malhotra]] as [[Superintendent of Police (India)|SP]] Kabir Malik [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<br /> * [[Shilpa Shetty]] as Tara Shetty<br /> * [[Vivek Oberoi]] as IG Vikram Bakshi [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/indian-police-force-vivek-oberoi-joins-rohit-shetty-cop-universe-as-senior-office-of-squad-2920521|title=Indian Police Force: Vivek Oberoi Is &quot;Most Experienced&quot; Officer In Rohit Shetty's Squad|website=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Isha Talwar]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/webseries/isha-talwar-talks-about-her-role-in-rohit-shettys-indian-police-force-reveals-mirzapur-3-gave-her-a-power-trip-exclusive-8165863.html | title=Isha Talwar Talks About Her Role in Rohit Shetty's Indian Police Force; Reveals Mirzapur 3 Gave Her A 'Power Trip' &amp;#124; Exclusive | date=24 June 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Vibhuti Thakur]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/-india-police-force-vibhuti-thakur-roped-in-to-star-in-rohit-shetty-s-web-series-news-194715|title='India Police Force': Vibhuti Thakur Roped In To Star In Rohit Shetty's Web Series|date=3 May 2022|website=outlookindia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Nikitin Dheer]] <br /> * [[Shweta Tiwari]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/shweta-tiwari-to-star-in-rohit-shettys-web-show-402294|title=Shweta Tiwari to star in Rohit Shetty's web show|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Sharad Kelkar]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/sharad-kelkar-on-being-a-part-of-indian-police-force-if-you-work-in-rohit-shettys-film-or-series-you-will-get-the-maximum-viewership/8b55439611734 | title=Sharad Kelkar on being a part of Indian Police Force: If you work in Rohit Shetty's film or series, you will get the maximum viewership }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Rituraj Singh&lt;ref name=&quot;cast&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/indian-police-force-teaser-rohit-shetty-explosions-cars-air-prime-video-biggest-indian-series-9070625/ | title=Indian Police Force teaser: Rohit Shetty set to unleash more explosions, toss even more cars into air in Prime Video’s biggest Indian series|date=16 December 2023|work=The Indian Express|access-date=1 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Mukesh Rishi]] as [[Director General of Police|DGP]] Jaideep Bansal [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]&lt;ref name=&quot;cast&quot;/&gt;<br /> * [[Lalit Parimoo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;cast&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> === Casting ===<br /> [[Sidharth Malhotra]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/sidharth-malhotra-to-star-in-new-amazon-prime-video-original-11650688555300.html|title=Sidharth Malhotra to star in new Amazon Prime Video original|first=Lata|last=Jha|date=23 April 2022|website=mint}}&lt;/ref&gt; was cast as the lead, and was joined by [[Shilpa Shetty]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shilpa-shetty-first-lady-cop-rohit-shetty-cop-universe-indian-police-force-7883396/|title=Shilpa Shetty is the first female cop in Rohit Shetty's cop universe, joins OTT series Indian Police Force|date=24 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Shweta Tiwari]], [[Vivek Oberoi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/vivek-oberoi-to-star-alongside-sidharth-malhotra-shilpa-shetty-in-rohit-shettys-india-police-force/articleshow/91092325.cms|title=Vivek Oberoi to star alongside Sidharth Malhotra &amp; Shilpa Shetty in Rohit Shetty's 'India Police Force'|newspaper=The Economic Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Nikitin Dheer]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/nikitin-dheer-kratika-sengar-dheer-welcome-baby-girl-7913978/|title=Nikitin Dheer, Kratika Sengar Dheer welcome baby girl|date=12 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; as the leads.<br /> <br /> === Development ===<br /> The series was announced by [[Rohit Shetty]] in April 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/rohit-shetty-sidharth-malhotra-amazon-indian-police-force-1235236583/|title=Rohit Shetty, Sidharth Malhotra Team up for 'Indian Police Force' Amazon Prime Video Series|first1=Naman|last1=Ramachandran|date=April 20, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first look teaser featuring [[Sidharth Malhotra]] were unveiled in April 2022 on [[Amazon Prime Video]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.spotboye.com/bollywood/news/wow-rohit-shetty-announces-his-cop-universe-action-packed-series-indian-police-force-with-sidharth-malhotra-watch/6260e9878bbc430c967672dd|title=Wow! Rohit Shetty Announces His Cop Universe Action-Packed Series, 'Indian Police Force' With Sidharth Malhotra- WATCH &amp;#124; SpotboyE|website=www.spotboye.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Shilpa, Siddharth and Rohit were spotted at the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai Airport]] before leaving for [[Goa]], Maharashtra on 9 May 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/sidharth-malhotra-rohit-shetty-make-stylish-appearance-they-leave-indian-police-force-shoot-pics-1083586|title=Sidharth Malhotra &amp; Rohit Shetty make a stylish appearance as they leave for Indian Police Force shoot; PICS|date=6 May 2022|website=PINKVILLA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/photos/shilpa-shetty-serves-street-style-as-shes-snapped-at-the-airport-53786.html|title=Shilpa Shetty serves street style as she's snapped at the airport|website=filmfare.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Filming ===<br /> The series were primarily shot in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]], [[Greater Noida]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/rohit-shettys-series-indian-police-force-with-sidharth-malhotra-to-be-shot-in-goa-exclusive/articleshow/91013847.cms|title=Rohit Shetty's series Indian Police Force with Sidharth Malhotra to be shot in Goa -Exclusive!|website=[[The Times of India]] }}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[principal photography]] of the series started in mid-April 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/watch-rohit-shetty-announces-action-packed-series-indian-police-force-starring-sidharth-malhotra|title=Watch: Rohit Shetty announces action-packed series 'Indian Police Force' starring Sidharth Malhotra|website=Free Press Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first schedule kickstarted in [[Goa]] from 12 May&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/sidharth-malhotra-gets-hurt-on-indian-police-force-sets-says-rohit-shetty-action-hero-7918445/|title=Sidharth Malhotra gets hurt on Indian Police Force sets: 'Rohit Shetty's action hero equals to real sweat, real blood'|date=15 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ended in May 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/rohit-shetty-praises-sidharth-malhotra-as-he-aces-action-sequences-in-indian-police-force-54106.html|title=Rohit Shetty praises Sidharth Malhotra as he aces action sequences in Indian Police Force|website=filmfare.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; before [[Rohit Shetty|Shetty]] left for [[Cape Town]] to shoot [[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 12|Khatron Ke Khiladi 12]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/rohit-shetty-to-head-to-south-africa-for-khatron-ke-khiladi-12-on-may-27-all-you-need-to-know-1948919-2022-05-13|title=Rohit Shetty to head to South Africa for Khatron Ke Khiladi 12 on May 27? All you need to know|first=Nirali|last=Kanabar|date=May 13, 2022|website=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> On 18 April 2022, [[Amazon Prime Video]] announced the series officially, with a first look and teaser being released.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2022/apr/21/rohit-shetty-teams-up-with-amazon-prime-video-with-new-series-2444451.html|title=Rohit Shetty teams up with Amazon Prime Video with new series|website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; The trailer was released on 5 January 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=5 January 2023 |title=Indian Police Force Trailer: Sidharth Malhotra, Shilpa Shetty &amp; Vivek Oberoi team up to find bomb blast mastermind in Rohit Shetty's high-octane web series |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/indian-police-force-trailer-sidharth-malhotra-shilpa-shetty-vivek-oberoi-team-find-bomb-blast-mastermind-rohit-shettys-high-octane-web-series/ |website=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series scheduled to release on 19 January 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/rohit-shetty-7-part-series-indian-police-force-starring-sidharth-malhotra-gets-a-release-date-23315647|title=Rohit Shetty's 7-part series 'Indian Police Force' starring Sidharth Malhotra gets a release date|work=Mid Day|date=21 October 2023 |access-date=21 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://www.primevideo.com/detail/IndianPoliceForce/0GGXWIWOHIGGXWZEGICB042XKL/ ''Indian Police Force''] on [[Amazon Prime Video]]<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> {{Amazon Prime Video original series|state=collapsed}}<br /> {{Cop Universe}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindi-language web series]]<br /> [[Category:Upcoming television series]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action television series]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime television series]]<br /> [[Category:Terrorism in television]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Peace Keeping Force]]<br /> [[Category:Indian espionage television series]]<br /> [[Category:Cop Universe]]<br /> [[Category:Action film franchises]]<br /> [[Category:Fictional portrayals of police departments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Films adapted into television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Films adapted for other media]]<br /> [[Category:Shared universes]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Filhaal_2:_Mohabbat&diff=441591 2023-12-12T20:49:47Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|Single by B Praak and Jaani}} {{Use Indian English|date =December 2023}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}} {{Infobox song | name = Filhaal 2: Mohabbat | cover = Filhaal2 Mohabbat cover art.jpg | artist = B Praak | type = single | language = Punjabi, Hindi | released = {{Start date|2021|07|06|df=y}} | format = | genre = Indian pop | length =...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Single by B Praak and Jaani}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date =December 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox song<br /> | name = Filhaal 2: Mohabbat<br /> | cover = Filhaal2 Mohabbat cover art.jpg<br /> | artist = [[B Praak]]<br /> | type = single<br /> | language = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Hindi]]<br /> | released = {{Start date|2021|07|06|df=y}}<br /> | format = <br /> | genre = [[Indian pop]]<br /> | length = 5:25<br /> | label = Desi Melodies<br /> | writer = [[Jaani (songwriter)|Jaani]]<br /> | misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|DUwlGduupRI|&quot;Filhaal2 Mohabbat&quot;}}<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> '''Filhaal 2: Mohabbat''' ({{Translation|Momentary 2: Love}}) is a 2021 [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]/[[Hindi]] song written by [[Jaani (songwriter)|Jaani]] and sung by [[B Praak]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/filhaal-2-akshay-kumar-nupur-sanons-love-story-meets-tragic-end/|title=Filhaal 2: Akshay Kumar and Nupur Sanon's love story meets a tragic end |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=6 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song is sequel to [[Filhall]] which was released in 2019. The video of the song is directed by Arvindr Khaira while the music is produced by B Praak.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/filhall-2-akshay-kumar-stalking-his-ex-is-not-the-only-bad-thing-about-this-nupur-sanon-ammy-virk-b-praak-song-4792436/|title=Filhall 2: Akshay Kumar Stalking His ex is Not The Only Bad Thing About This Song &amp;#124; Watch Video|first=Kritika|last=Vaid|date=6 July 2021|website=India News, Breaking News &amp;#124; India.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; This song features [[Akshay Kumar]] and [[Nupur Sanon]] in the music video.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/filhaal-2-mohabbat-akshay-kumar-and-nupur-sanon-s-doomed-romance-continues-in-tragic-love-story-watch-101625565517149.html|title=Filhaal 2 Mohabbat: Akshay Kumar and Nupur Sanon's doomed romance continues in tragic love story. Watch|date=6 July 2021|website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Akshay Kumar]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.desimartini.com/news/martini-shots/trending/filhaal-2-mohabaat-song-akshay-kumar-nupur-sanons-tragic-love-story-meets-a-shocking-end-in-this-music-video-sequel-article183705.htm|title=Filhaal 2 Mohabaat song: Akshay Kumar, Nupur Sanon's tragic love story meets a shocking end in this music video sequel|date=6 July 2021|website=Desimartini}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Dr Kabir Malhotra<br /> * [[Nupur Sanon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; as Meher Grewal<br /> * [[Ammy Virk]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; as Meher's husband<br /> <br /> ==Music video==<br /> The music video titled &quot;Filhaal 2: Mohabbat&quot; was released by Desi Melodies on [[YouTube]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/filhaal-2-mohabbat-song-akshay-kumar-ammy-virk-nupur-sanon-song-7391311/|title=Filhaal 2 song: Akshay Kumar, Nupur Sanon, Ammy Virk love triangle ends in heartbreak|date=6 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; It marks the second collaboration between [[Akshay Kumar]] and Nupur Sanon after [[Filhall]] (2019).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/music/akshay-kumar-nupur-sanons-selfless-love-story-continues-in-filhaal-2-mohabbat-watch-song-2374395.html|title=Akshay Kumar-Nupur Sanon's 'selfless love story' continues in Filhaal 2 Mohabbat - Watch song|date=6 July 2021|website=Zee News}}&lt;/ref&gt; It also marks the second collaboration between [[Akshay Kumar]], singer [[B Praak]] and lyricist [[Jaani (songwriter)|Jaani]] after [[Filhall]] (2019).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/filhaal-2-mohabbat-out-now-akshay-kumar-nupur-sanons-heartbreaking-love-story-will-leave-you-teary-eyed|title='Filhaal 2- Mohabbat' out now: Akshay Kumar, Nupur Sanon's heartbreaking love story will leave you teary-eyed|website=Free Press Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The song depicts the feelings of Kabir and the old loving time they spend together. Parts of the Songs were shot on the Flyover Parts of the underconstruction [[Dwarka Expressway]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/akshay-kumar-nupur-sanon-s-filhaal-2-is-a-soulful-track-that-will-stir-your-heart-1824564-2021-07-06|title=Akshay Kumar, Nupur Sanon's Filhaal 2 is a soulful track that will stir your heart|first=Samriddhi|last=Srivastava|date=July 6, 2021|website=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> It received more than 50 million views on YouTube within 24 hours of the official release.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/filhaal-2-mohabbat-a-heart-wrenching-end-to-akshay-kumar-nupur-sanons-incomplete-love-story-2480590|title=Filhaal 2 - Mohabbat: A Heart-Wrenching End To Akshay Kumar, Nupur Sanon's Incomplete Love Story|website=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The official video reached 100 million+ views on 9 July 2021 within just 3 days of release.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-s-filhaal-2-mohabbat-creates-history-with-over-100m-views-in-3-days/article_cd9f1c0e-e0d6-11eb-9320-7ba235802aa1.html|title=Akshay Kumar's 'Filhaal 2 Mohabbat' Creates History with Over 100M Views in 3 Days|first=R. M.|last=Vijayakar|website=India West}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Song credits==<br /> <br /> * Song : Filhaal2 Mohabbat&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=DM – Desi Melodies |title=Filhaal2 Mohabbat {{!}} Akshay Kumar Ft Nupur Sanon {{!}} Ammy Virk {{!}} BPraak {{!}} Jaani {{!}} Arvindr Khaira|date=2021-07-06|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUwlGduupRI|access-date=2021-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{better reference needed|date=March 2022}}<br /> * Singer : [[B Praak]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> * Starring : [[Akshay Kumar]], Nupur Sanon, [[Ammy Virk]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> * Lyricist and Composer : [[Jaani (songwriter)|Jaani]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> * Music Director : B Praak&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> *Music Programmers : Gaurav Dev &amp; Kartik Dev <br /> * Mixing and Mastering : Gurjinder Guri &amp; Akaash Bambar&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> * Video Director : Arvindr Khaira&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> * DOP : Anurag Solanki, Al Ameel &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> *Creative Director / Steadicam : Amaninder Singh<br /> * Editor : Adele Periera&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> * Assistant Director : Satnam, Sukhman Sukhu, Jais Sivia, Gaurav&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> * Producers : Jaani, Arvindr Khaira and Akshay Kumar <br /> *Executive Producer : Avadh Nagpal<br /> *Projection : Dilraj Nandha<br /> *Online Promotion: Net Media<br /> * Label : Desi Melodies&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; <br /> *Supporting Production : Cape of Good Films<br /> *Special Thanks : Azeem Dayani<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Commons and category|Filhall|Filhall}}<br /> * {{IMDb title|id=7770158}}<br /> <br /> {{Portal bar|India|Music}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Songs in Punjabi]]<br /> [[Category:2021 songs]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Titliaan&diff=441590 2023-12-12T20:46:30Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|Single by Afsana Khan and Jaani}} {{Infobox song |name= Titliaan |cover = Titliaan song cover art.jpg |caption = |type = single |artist = Afsana Khan and Jaani |album = |language= Punjabi, Urdu |released= {{Start date|2020|11|9|df=y}} |producer = |label = Desi Melodies |genre = |length = *4:21 (music video) *{{duration|3:16}} (audio) |composer= Jaani (songwriter)|Jaani...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Single by Afsana Khan and Jaani}}<br /> {{Infobox song<br /> |name= Titliaan<br /> |cover = Titliaan song cover art.jpg<br /> |caption = <br /> |type = single<br /> |artist = [[Afsana Khan]] and [[Jaani (songwriter)|Jaani]]<br /> |album = <br /> |language= [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]<br /> |released= {{Start date|2020|11|9|df=y}}<br /> |producer = <br /> |label = Desi Melodies<br /> |genre = <br /> |length =<br /> *4:21 (music video)<br /> *{{duration|3:16}} (audio)<br /> |composer= [[Jaani (songwriter)|Jaani]]<br /> |lyricist= [[Jaani (songwriter)|Jaani]]<br /> |misc = {{External music video|type=single|{{YouTube|YPohR_9v6HA|&quot;Titliaan&quot;}}<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''&quot;Titliaan&quot;''' ({{Translation|Butterflies}}) is a [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] song released in 2020, with lyrics by [[Jaani (songwriter)|Jaani]] and music by Avvy Sra, sung by [[Afsana Khan]]. The video, featuring [[Harrdy Sandhu]] and [[Sargun Mehta]], was directed by Arvindr Khaira. The Song become blockbuster in 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-11-09|title=Home|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/titliaan-harrdy-sandhu-sargun-mehta-will-break-your-heart|access-date=2021-05-19|website=PTC Punjabi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> The song reached number 15 on Billboard's Top Triller Global Chart in January 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Top Triller Global Chart|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/top-triller-global/2021-01-23 |website=Billboard}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exclusive! Afsana Khan on ‘Titliaan’: I recorded the dummy, and I had no idea it will be a finalized - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/exclusive-afsana-khan-on-titliaan-i-recorded-the-dummy-and-i-had-no-idea-it-will-be-a-finalized/articleshow/79169401.cms|access-date=2021-05-23|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Titliaan Warga===<br /> [[File:Titliaan Warga cover art.jpg|thumb|Titliaan Warga song cover art]]<br /> Another version of the song, ''Titliaan Warga'' ({{Translation|Like a butterfly}}), was released on 6 January 2021. The lyrics were again written by Jaani, and it was sung by [[Harrdy Sandhu]].{{cn|date=December 2021}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Songs in Punjabi]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaani_(songwriter)&diff=441589 2023-12-12T20:43:55Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|Indian songwriter and music composer}} {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}} {{Infobox musical artist | name = Jaani | image = Jaani.jpg | caption = | alt = Jaani | birth_name = Rajiv Kumar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Rajiv Kumar (A.K.A. Jaani) - Top Songs - Listen on JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/artist/rajiv-kumar-a.k.a.-jaani-songs/8XHKRCq0pIo_ |website...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian songwriter and music composer}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox musical artist<br /> | name = Jaani<br /> | image = Jaani.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | alt = Jaani<br /> | birth_name = Rajiv Kumar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Rajiv Kumar (A.K.A. Jaani) - Top Songs - Listen on JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/artist/rajiv-kumar-a.k.a.-jaani-songs/8XHKRCq0pIo_ |website=JioSaavn |access-date=15 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|5|25|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | origin = [[Gidderbaha]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribune India 2016&quot;/&gt;<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Lyricist|music composer}}<br /> | years_active = 2012–present<br /> | genre = *Soulful music<br /> *Pop<br /> *Romantic<br /> *Sad<br /> *Bollywood<br /> | label = * Desi Melodies<br /> * [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br /> * Speed Records <br /> * Sony Music India <br /> * White Hill music<br /> | associated_acts = * [[B Praak]]<br /> * [[Harrdy Sandhu]]<br /> * [[Akshay Kumar]]<br /> * [[Ammy Virk]]<br /> *[[Jassie Gill]]<br /> *[[Sukhe]]<br /> *[[Sunanda Sharma]]<br /> *[[Sargun Mehta]]<br /> *[[Jagdeep Sidhu]]<br /> *[[Afsana Khan]]<br /> *[[Gippy Grewal]]<br /> *[[Akshay Kumar]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Rajiv Kumar''' (born 25 May 1989), best known by his stage name '''Jaani''', is an Indian songwriter and music composer associated with [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Hindi]] language songs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/happy-birthday-jaani-here-are-some-lesser-known-facts-about-this-amazing-lyricist/photostory/75964988.cms|title=Happy Birthday Jaani! Here are some lesser known facts about this amazing lyricist|date=25 May 2020|work=The Times of India|access-date=4 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/wishing-jaani-on-his-birthday-b-praak-writes-do-jisam-ek-jaan/articleshow/75971414.cms|title=Wishing Jaani on his birthday, B Praak writes: Do Jisam Ek Jaan|access-date=4 April 2021|website=The Times of India|date=25 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; His notable songs &quot;[[Naah]]&quot;, &quot;[[Kya Baat Ay]]&quot;, &quot;[[Pachtaoge]]&quot;, &quot;[[Filhall]]&quot;, &quot;[[Titliaan|Titliyaan]]&quot;, &quot;[[Baarish Ki Jaaye]]&quot; and &quot;[[Filhaal2 Mohabbat]]&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribune India 2016&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Punjabi singer Harrdy Sandhu's track Soch became a rage when it hit the market in 2014 | website=Tribune India | date=11 January 2016 | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/aage-ki-soch/181808.html | access-date=11 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Times of India 20172&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=13 January 2017 |title=The original version was sung by Hardy Sandhu, with composition by B Praak and lyrics by Jaani. |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/B-Praak-Our-Soch-could-have-done-better-than-Airlifts-Soch-na-sake/articleshow/50495970.cms |access-date=24 March 2019 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Jaani was born on 25 May 1989.&lt;ref name=&quot;FullName&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Jaani's first song never got released|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/happy-birthday-jaani-here-are-some-lesser-known-facts-about-this-amazing-lyricist/photostory/75964988.cms?picid=75965007 |access-date=19 August 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=25 May 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Birthday Special! Jaani: Top seven songs by the lyricist that touched hearts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/photo-stories/birthday-special-jaani-top-seven-songs-by-the-lyricist-that-touched-hearts/photostory/64318776.cms |access-date=19 August 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=25 May 2018 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is from [[Gidderbaha]] a town near [[Bhatinda]] in [[Punjab, India]] and holds a diploma in [[hotel management]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribune India 2016&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FullName&quot;/&gt; Jaani married Neha Chauhan on 25 November 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Valentines Special: Here's a clip from Jaani and Neha Chauhan's wedding |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/valentines-special-heres-a-clip-from-jaani-and-neha-chauhans-wedding/articleshow/89562711.cms |access-date=9 March 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=14 February 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Jaani started his career with a religious song, &quot;Sant Sipahi&quot;, in 2012. However, he gained fame after song &quot;Soch&quot;, sung by [[Hardy Sandhu]] and composed by [[B Praak]]. The music video of this song was directed by Arvindr Khaira. A Hindi version of &quot;Soch&quot; was released as well as an English recreation of soch with the name 'Without You (Soch)' was produced by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] which featured English vocals as well as music and English [[lyrics]] by Vaibhav Saxena.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Without You (Soch) Song Teaser Vaibhav Saxena Ft. Hardy Sandhu |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6PUInGFG98 |website=YouTube |publisher=T-Series |access-date=19 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Since &quot;Soch&quot;, B Praak, Jaani, Arvindr Khaira, and Harrdy Sandhu have worked as a team, producing Punjabi songs, such as &quot;Joker&quot;, &quot;Backbone&quot;, &quot;HornBlow&quot;, &quot;Naah&quot;, &quot;Yaar Ni Mileya&quot; and &quot;Kya Baat Ayy&quot;. His album ''Shayar'' with composer B Praak released in 2015, which includes tracks like &quot;Taara&quot; by Ammy Virk, &quot;Ik Saal&quot; by Jassie Gill and &quot;Naa Ji Naa&quot; by Hardy Sandhu.<br /> <br /> He has started his own music label known as Desi Melodies with filmmaker Arvindr Khaira and musician B Praak.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}<br /> <br /> In 2021, he made his screen debut as an actor in Jagdeep Sidhu's Punjabi film ''[[Qismat 2]]'', with Ammy Virk and [[Sargun Mehta]] in lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/jaani-makes-his-acting-debut-with-qismat-2/articleshow/85587487.cms |title= Jaani makes his acting debut with 'Qismat 2' |access-date=24 August 2021|date= 24 August 2021 |website=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Singles/Albums==<br /> {{Infobox artist discography<br /> | Artist = Jaani<br /> | Studio = 3<br /> | Singles = 110<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Albums ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Title<br /> !Notes<br /> |-<br /> |''Shayar''<br /> |<br /> *Released : 2014-15<br /> *Songs : 9<br /> *Music : [[B Praak]]<br /> *Label : [[Sony Music India]]<br /> *Singers : [[Ammy Virk]], [[Harrdy Sandhu]], [[Jassie Gill]], Amrinder, Manraaj, G Preet, Shivam, Armaan Kang<br /> |-<br /> |''Jaani Ve''<br /> |<br /> *Released : 2019-20<br /> *Songs : 3<br /> *Music : B Praak<br /> *Label : [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] <br /> *Singers : [[Arijit Singh]], [[Neha Kakkar]], [[B Praak]] <br /> |-<br /> |''Zohrajabeen''<br /> |<br /> *Released : 2023<br /> *Songs : 10<br /> *Music : B Praak<br /> *Label : [[DM - Desi Melodies]]<br /> *Singers : [[B Praak]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Singles ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Year<br /> !Song<br /> !Singer<br /> !Music<br /> !Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2013<br /> |''Soch&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Khuranaa |first1=Amann |title=B Praak: Our 'Soch' could have done better than Airlift's 'Soch na sake' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/b-praak-our-soch-could-have-done-better-than-airlifts-soch-na-sake/articleshow/50495970.cms |access-date=19 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=13 January 2017 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;''<br /> |[[Hardy Sandhu]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[B Praak]]<br /> |Debut Track <br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2014<br /> |''Joker''<br /> |Hardy Sandhu<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Saree Wali Girl''<br /> |Girik Aman<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Ik Saal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Punjabi Song Ik Saal Sung By Jassie Gill |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/punjabi-song-ik-saal-sung-jassie-gill/videoshow/65270393.cms |access-date=20 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=4 August 2018 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;''<br /> |[[Jassi Gill]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |From His Album &quot;Shayar&quot; <br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |2015<br /> |''Taara''<br /> |[[Ammy Virk]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Naa Ji Naa''<br /> |Hardy Sandhu<br /> |-<br /> |''Jaguar''<br /> |[[Sukhe|Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz]] ft. [[Bohemia (rapper)|Bohemia]]<br /> |Sukhe Musical Doctorz<br /> |Sukhe's Breakthrough song<br /> |-<br /> |''Go Baby Go''<br /> |RONNIE ft.B Praak <br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Supna''<br /> |[[Amrinder Gill]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Mere Kol''<br /> |Prabh Gill<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''O Kithe''<br /> |[[Kamal Khan (singer)|Kamal Khan]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Yaar Matlabi''<br /> |Karan Benipal<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Paani''<br /> |[[Yuvraj Hans]]<br /> |Featuring [[Yuvika Chaudhary]]<br /> |-<br /> |''All Black''<br /> |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz Feat [[Raftaar (rapper)|Raftaar]]<br /> |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;14&quot; |2016<br /> |''Horn Blow''<br /> |Hardy Sandhu<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Surma To Sandals''<br /> |Ammy Virk ft.B Praak <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Do Din''<br /> |Manraaj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Marijuana''<br /> |Hardik Trehan<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Ik Vaari Hor Soch Le''<br /> |[[Harish Verma]]<br /> |Debut track of Harish Verma<br /> |-<br /> |''Hauli Hauli''<br /> |BIG Dhillon<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Gabroo''<br /> |Jassi Gill<br /> |Preet Hundal<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Suicide''<br /> |Sukhe Musical Doctorz<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Bacha''<br /> |Prabh Gill<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Backbone''<br /> |Hardy Sandhu<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Pucheya Na Karo''<br /> |Sammy Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Ghat Boldi''<br /> |Gippy Grewal<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Subha Subha''<br /> |Ranvir<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Do You Know''<br /> |[[Diljit Dosanjh]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;19&quot; |2017<br /> |''Kudiye Snapchat Waliye''<br /> |Ranvir Feat Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Star''<br /> |[[Jayy Randhawa]] Feat Sukh-E<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Mann Bharya''<br /> |B Praak<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |B Praak<br /> |Debut Track Of B Praak<br /> |-<br /> |''Yaar Ve''<br /> |Harish Verma<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Oye Hoye Oye Hoye''<br /> |[[Jaz Dhami]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Car Nachdi''<br /> |Gippy Grewal Feat Bohemia<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Qismat''<br /> |Ammy Virk<br /> |Featuring [[Sargun Mehta]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Gall Goriye''<br /> |[[Maninder Buttar]] Feat Raftaar<br /> |Raftaar<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Superstar''<br /> |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz, Divya Bhatt<br /> |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Violin''<br /> |Arshhh Feat Roach Killa<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Bewafaai''<br /> |B Praak<br /> |Featuring [[Gauahar Khan|Gauhar Khan]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Jimmy Choo Choo''<br /> |Guri Feat [[Ikka Singh|Ikka]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Yaar Ni Milya''<br /> |Hardy Sandhu<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Jaani Tera Naa''<br /> |[[Sunanda Sharma]]<br /> |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Guitar Sikhda''<br /> |Jassi Gill<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Naah]]''<br /> |Hardy Sandhu<br /> |Featuring [[Nora Fatehi]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Nai Shad Da''<br /> |Gippy Grewal<br /> |Jay K (Jassi Katyal)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Mill Lo Na''<br /> |Guri<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Insane''<br /> |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;14&quot; |2018<br /> |''Dil Ton Black''<br /> |Jassi Gill feat [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]<br /> |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Gallan''<br /> |Manj Musik<br /> |Manj Musik<br /> |Featuring Candice James<br /> |-<br /> |''Hath Chumme''<br /> |Ammy Virk<br /> |First Song as Producer from &quot;Desi Melodies&quot;<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Bamb''<br /> |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz Feat Badshah<br /> |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Sooraj''<br /> |Gippy Grewal<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Mastaani''<br /> |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Morni''<br /> |Sunanda Sharma<br /> |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Mai Terra Akshay''<br /> |[[Babbal Rai]] ft Bohemia<br /> |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Nikle Currant]]''<br /> |Jassi Gill and [[Neha Kakkar]]<br /> |Sukhe Muzical Doctorz<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Fitoor<br /> |Jayy Randhawa<br /> |[[B Praak]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Kya Baat Ay''<br /> |Hardy Sandhu<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Hath Chumme (Cover)''<br /> |B Praak ft. Jaani<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Teri Khamiyan''<br /> |[[Akhil (singer)|Akhil]]<br /> |Featuring [[Wamiqa Gabbi]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Pinjraa''<br /> |Gurnazar Chattha<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''I Need Yaa''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> |Featuring [[Krystle D'Souza|Krysle D'Souza]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;17&quot; |2019<br /> |''Coka''<br /> |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Ve Pathra''<br /> |Gursaaz<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Gali Da Gunda''<br /> |Sahiba<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Sandal''<br /> |Sunanda Sharma<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Jaani Ve Jaani''<br /> |Jaani ft. [[Afsana Khan]]<br /> |Composed by B Praak<br /> |-<br /> |''Nain Tere''<br /> |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Rona Sikhade Ve''<br /> |Miel<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Hawaa''<br /> |Grann Sidhu<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Pachtaoge]]''<br /> |[[Arijit Singh]]<br /> |• Featuring [[Vicky Kaushal]] And [[Nora Fatehi]]<br /> • From His Album &quot;''Jaani Ve''&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |''Wah Wai Wahh''<br /> |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz &amp; Neha Kakkar<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Dil Mangdi''<br /> |[[Jazzy B]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Laare''<br /> |Maninder Buttar<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |B Praak<br /> |Featuring [[Sargun Mehta]] <br /> |-<br /> |''Kalla Changa''<br /> |[[Ninja (singer)|Ninja]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Filhall]]''<br /> |B Praak<br /> |•Featuring [[Akshay Kumar]] and Nupur Sanon<br /> • 1 Billion+ views on [[YouTube|Youtube]].<br /> |-<br /> |''Yaad Piya Ki Aane Lagi''<br /> |Neha Kakkar<br /> |[[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br /> |Featuring [[Divya Khosla Kumar]] <br /> |-<br /> |''Dance Like''<br /> |Harrdy Sandhu<br /> |B Praak<br /> |Featuring [[Lauren Gottlieb]] <br /> |-<br /> |''Duji Vaar Pyar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sunanda Sharma and Jaani to come together for an album |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/sunanda-sharma-and-jaani-to-come-together-for-an-album/articleshow/76256437.cms |access-date=19 August 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=8 June 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;''<br /> |Sunanda Sharma<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |2020<br /> |''Where Baby Where''<br /> |Gippy Grewal<br /> |Featuring [[Amanda Cerny]] <br /> |-<br /> |''Jinke Liye''<br /> |Neha Kakkar ft. Jaani<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |B Praak<br /> |From His Album &quot;Jaani Ve &quot; <br /> Also Featuring Himself in music video<br /> |-<br /> |''Kuch Bhi Ho Jaye''<br /> |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Video Bana De''<br /> |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz ft.[[Aastha Gill]] <br /> |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Naam''<br /> |[[Tulsi Kumar]] ft.[[Millind Gaba]]<br /> |[[Millind Gaba]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Bandeya''<br /> |Gurjot Singh Kaler<br /> |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Taaron Ke Shehar''<br /> |[[Jubin Nautiyal]] and Neha Kakkar<br /> |Jaani<br /> |First song as Music Composer <br /> |-<br /> |''Lala Lala Lori''<br /> |Fazilpuria and Afsana Khan<br /> |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> |First Haryanvi Song <br /> |-<br /> |''Banglow''<br /> |Avvy Sra and Afsana Khan<br /> |Avvy Sra and Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> |Debut Track Of &quot;Avvy Sra&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Titliaan]]''<br /> |Afsana Khan<br /> |Avvy Sra<br /> |Featuring [[Harrdy Sandhu]] And [[Sargun Mehta]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Besharam Bewaffa''<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |B Praak<br /> |From Album &quot;Jaani Ve&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;14&quot; |2021<br /> |''[[Titliaan#Titliaan Warga|Titliaan Warga]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sargun Mehta Stars in Music Video For Titliaan With Harrdy Sandhu, Shares Glimpse on Social Media |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sargun-mehta-stars-in-music-video-for-titliaan-with-harrdy-sandhu-shares-glimpse-on-social-media-3065690.html |access-date=6 January 2020 |work=News18 |date=10 November 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;''<br /> |Harrdy Sandhu ft. Jaani<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Avvy Sra<br /> |Sequel To &quot;[[Titliaan]]&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |''Pagal Nahi Hona&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Kanyal |first1=Jyoti |title=Sonu Sood makes his music video debut with Punjabi song Pagal Nahi Hona. Watch |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/sonu-sood-makes-his-music-video-debut-with-punjabi-song-pagal-nahi-hona-watch-1759403-2021-01-15 |access-date=16 January 2021 |work=India Today |date=15 January 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;''<br /> |Sunanda Sharma<br /> |Featuring [[Sonu Sood]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Mazaa&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Check Out New Hindi Trending Song Music Video – 'Mazaa' Sung By B Praak |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/check-out-new-hindi-trending-song-music-video-mazaa-sung-by-b-praak/videoshow/81168791.cms |access-date=24 February 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=23 February 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;''<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |B Praak<br /> |Featuring [[Gurmeet Choudhary|Gurmeet Chaudhary]] &amp; [[Hansika Motwani]]<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Baarish Ki Jaaye|Barish Ki Jaaye]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bhasin |first1=Shriya |title=Baarish Ki Jaaye: Director Arvindr Khaira shares BTS video of Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Jaani and Sunanda Sharma |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/baarish-ki-jaaye-director-arvindr-khaira-shares-bts-video-of-nawazuddin-siddiqui-jaani-and-sunanda-sharma-693359 |access-date=27 March 2021 |work=India TV News |date=25 March 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;''<br /> |Featuring [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui|Nawazudin Siddiqui]] &amp; [[Sunanda Sharma]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Munda Like Karda&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Check Out New Punjabi Trending Song Music Video – 'Munda Like Karda' Sung By Gurj Sidhu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/check-out-new-punjabi-trending-song-music-video-munda-like-karda-sung-by-gurj-sidhu/videoshow/82066891.cms |access-date=21 April 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=14 April 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;''<br /> |Gurj Sidhu<br /> |Sukh-E-Muzical Doctorz<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Goriyaan Goriyaan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Goriyaan Goriyaan {{!}} Romaana ft Jasmin bajwa {{!}} Jaani {{!}} Bpraak {{!}} Arvindr Khaira {{!}} Latest Punjabi Song |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKWWF2XpH8o |website=YouTube |publisher=Desi Melodies |access-date=21 April 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;''<br /> |Romanna<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |B Praak<br /> |Debut Track Of Romanna<br /> |-<br /> |''Doob Gaye''<br /> |[[Guru Randhawa]]<br /> |Featuring [[Urvashi Rautela]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Patthar Wargi''<br /> |Ranvir<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Filhaal2 Mohabbat]]''<br /> |B Praak<br /> |Sequel to &quot;[[Filhall|Filhaal]]&quot; featuring [[Akshay Kumar]], Nupur Sanon.<br /> |-<br /> |''Khair Allah Khair''<br /> |Romanna<br /> |Jaani<br /> |Lyrics and Composition by Romanna<br /> |-<br /> |''Chorri Chorri''<br /> |Sunanda Sharma<br /> |Avvy Sra<br /> |Featuring Priyank Sharma<br /> |-<br /> |''Apsraa''<br /> |Jaani Ft. [[Asees Kaur]]<br /> |Jaani<br /> |Poetry Narrated by Jaani and vocals by Asses kaur<br /> |-<br /> |''Bijlee Bijlee''<br /> |Harrdy Sandhu<br /> |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Coco''<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sukh-E-Muzical Doctorz<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;17&quot; |2022<br /> |''Ik Mil Mainu Apsraa''<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |B Praak<br /> |With [[Asees Kaur]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Kali Shirt Waleya''<br /> |Simran Raj<br /> |Avvy Sra<br /> |Debut song of Simran Raj<br /> |-<br /> |''Saadi Yaad''<br /> |Sunanda Sharma<br /> |Jaani<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Ishq Nahi Karte''<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |B Praak<br /> |Featuring [[Emraan Hashmi]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Kudiyan Lahore diyan''<br /> |Hardy Sandhu<br /> |B Praak<br /> |Featuring [[Aisha Sharma]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Nikal Jaana''<br /> |Miel, Jaani<br /> |Hunny, Bunny<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Dhokebaaz''<br /> |Afsana Khan<br /> |Jaani<br /> |Featuring [[Vivek Oberoi]]<br /> |-<br /> |''9-9 Mashukan''<br /> |Sunanda Sharma<br /> |Jaani<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Duniya''<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |B Praak<br /> |Featuring [[Sunny Singh (actor)|Sunny Singh]], [[Saiee Manjrekar]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Nikaah''<br /> |Ipsitaa<br /> |Avvy Sra <br /> |Featuring [[Rohit Khandelwal|Rohit Khandewal]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Jaana''<br /> |[[Stebin Ben]]<br /> |Hunny, Bunny<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Peacock''<br /> |Avvy Sra, Sultaan<br /> |Avvy Sra<br /> |Co-lyricist Sultaan<br /> |-<br /> |''O Sajna''<br /> |Neha Kakkar<br /> |Tanishk Bagchi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Fantasy''<br /> |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz, Aastha Gill<br /> |Avvy Sra and Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''More Saiyaan Ji''<br /> |Maninder Buttar<br /> |B Praak<br /> |Featuring<br /> Jasmin Bhasin<br /> |-<br /> |''Kya Hota''<br /> |Romana<br /> |Hunny Bunny<br /> |Featuring<br /> Anjali Arora<br /> |-<br /> |''White Brown Black''<br /> |Avvy Sra, [[Karan Aujla]]<br /> |Avvy Sra<br /> |Co-lyricist Karan Aujla<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |2023<br /> |''Kya Karoon''<br /> |[[Sanam (band)|Sanam Puri]]<br /> |Jaani<br /> |Featuring<br /> Jasmin Bhasin<br /> |-<br /> |''Maria Senorita''<br /> |Rajveer, Happy Singh<br /> |Dr Zeus<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Achha Sila Diya''<br /> |B Praak<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |B Praak<br /> |Featuring [[Rajkumar Rao]] &amp; [[Nora Fatehi]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Ittar''<br /> |[[Jasmine Sandlas]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Yaad Aati Hai''<br /> |Hardy Sandhu<br /> |Hunny, Bunny<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Ankhaan Meech Ke''<br /> |[[Akhil Sachdeva]]<br /> |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Kya Loge Tum''<br /> |B Praak<br /> |B Praak<br /> | Featuring [[Akshay Kumar]] and [[Amyra Dastur]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Krishna Teri Ho Gayi''<br /> |Asees Kaur<br /> |Gaurav Dev, Kartik Dev<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Yaar Ka Sataya Hua Hai''<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Songs in films==<br /> {{Infobox artist discography<br /> | 2Option name = Punjabi Film Songs<br /> | 2Option = 25<br /> | 3Option name = Hindi Film Songs<br /> | 3Option = 5<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Year<br /> !Film<br /> !Song<br /> !Singer<br /> !Composer<br /> !Language<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2016<br /> |[[Sarbjit (film)|''Sarabjit'']]<br /> |''Dard''<br /> |[[Sonu Nigam]]<br /> |[[Jeet Ganguli]]<br /> |Hindi<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Kaptaan]]''<br /> |''Oscar''<br /> |[[Gippy Grewal]], [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[B Praak]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |Punjabi<br /> |-<br /> |2017<br /> |''[[Sargi]]''<br /> |''Fer Ohi Hoyea''<br /> |[[Jassie Gill]]<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |2018<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |''[[Qismat]]''<br /> |''Kaun Hoyega''<br /> |B Praak<br /> Divya Bhatt<br /> |-<br /> |''Dholna''<br /> |B Praak<br /> |-<br /> |''Awaaz''<br /> |[[Kamal Khan (singer)|Kamal Khan]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Fakira''<br /> |[[Gurnam Bhullar]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Gallan Teriyan''<br /> |[[Ammy Virk]], Neetu Bhalla<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Sukhe]] Musical Doctorz<br /> |-<br /> |''Pasand Jatt Di''<br /> |Ammy Virk<br /> |-<br /> |[[Carry on Jatta 2|''Carry On Jatta 2'']]<br /> |''DJ Wala''<br /> |Gippy Grewal<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019<br /> |''High End Yaariyaan''<br /> |''Rabba Ve''<br /> |B Praak<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |B Praak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Bala (2019 film)|''Bala'']]<br /> |''Naah Goriye''<br /> |[[Harrdy Sandhu]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hindi<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=8|2020<br /> |''[[Jai Mummy Di]]''<br /> |''Mummy Nu Pasand''<br /> |[[Sunanda Sharma]]<br /> |[[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |''[[Sufna]]''<br /> |''Jaan Deyan Ge''<br /> |Ammy Virk<br /> | rowspan=&quot;17&quot; |B Praak<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |Punjabi<br /> |-<br /> |''Ammi''<br /> |Kamal Khan<br /> |-<br /> |''Qubool Ae''<br /> |Hashmat Sultana<br /> |-<br /> |''Jannat''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |B Praak<br /> |-<br /> |''Chaana Ve''<br /> |-<br /> |''Shukriya''<br /> |-<br /> |''Ik Sandhu Hunda Si''<br /> |''Galib''<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |2021<br /> |''[[Shershaah]]''<br /> |''Mann Bharrya 2.0''<br /> |Hindi<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Ucha Pind''<br /> |''Maula''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |Punjabi<br /> |-<br /> |''Channa Ve''<br /> |Kamal Khan<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |''[[Qismat 2]]''<br /> |''Qismat 2 – Title Track''<br /> |B Praak<br /> |-<br /> |''Janam''<br /> |Romy<br /> |-<br /> |''Teri Akheeyan''<br /> |Ammy Virk, [[Afsana Khan]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Kis Mod Te''<br /> |B Praak, [[Jyoti Nooran]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Mere Yaara Ve''<br /> |B Praak<br /> |-<br /> |''Paagla''<br /> |B Praak, [[Asees Kaur]]<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;21&quot; |2022<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[Bachchhan Paandey]]''<br /> |''Meri Jaan Meri Jaan''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |B Praak<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hindi<br /> |-<br /> |''Saare Bolo Bewafa''<br /> |Jaani<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |''[[Lekh (film)|Lekh]]''<br /> |''Udd Gya''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |B Praak<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Punjabi<br /> |-<br /> |''Bewafai Kar Gaya''<br /> |-<br /> |''Mera Yaar''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gurnam Bhullar<br /> |-<br /> |''Beliya''<br /> |-<br /> |''Zarori Nai''<br /> |Afsana Khan<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Liger (film)|''Liger'']]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''Coka 2.0''<br /> |Sukh-E, [[Lisa Mishra]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Jaani, DJ Chetas-Lijo George<br /> |Hindi<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Ram Miriyala]], [[Geetha Madhuri]]<br /> |Telugu<br /> |-<br /> |[[Liger (film)|''Liger'']] '''(D)'''<br /> |Tamil<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |''[[Moh (film)|Moh]]''<br /> |''Sab Kuch''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |B Praak<br /> | rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |B Praak<br /> | rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |Punjabi<br /> |-<br /> |''Salooq''<br /> |-<br /> |''Meri Zuban''<br /> |Kamal Khan<br /> |-<br /> |''Mere Kol''<br /> |Afsana Khan<br /> |-<br /> |''Aulaad''<br /> |Jaani<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |''[[Honeymoon (2022 film)|Honeymoon]]''<br /> |''Jhaanjar''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |B Praak<br /> |-<br /> |''Aa Chaliye''<br /> |-<br /> |''Hypnotize''<br /> |Guppy Grewal, [[Shipra Goyal]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Naa Main Bewafa''<br /> |Tanvir Hussain<br /> |-<br /> |''Honeymoon Title Track''<br /> |Gippy Grewal, Simar Kaur<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Govinda Naam Mera]]''<br /> |&quot;Kya Baat Ay 2.0&quot;<br /> |Hardy Sandhu, [[Nikhita Gandhi]]<br /> |Tanishk Bagchi, B Praak<br /> |Hindi<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |2023<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |''[[Carry on Jatta 3]]''<br /> |''Carry On Jatta 3 Title Track''<br /> |Gippy Grewal, Simar Kaur<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |Jaani<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Punjabi<br /> |-<br /> |''Farishtey''<br /> |B Praak<br /> |-<br /> |''Jatti''<br /> |Ammy Virk, Gippy Grewal<br /> |-<br /> |''Lehanga''<br /> |Gippy Grewal<br /> |-<br /> |''Bura Haal''<br /> |[[Atif Aslam]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Kaale Jaadu''<br /> |Gippy Grewal<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Animal (2023 film)|Animal]]'' <br /> |Saari Duniya Jalaa Denge<br /> |B Praak<br /> |Hindi <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Commons category-inline}}<br /> * {{IMDb name|nm8126543}}<br /> * {{Instagram|jaani777}}<br /> <br /> {{Subject bar<br /> |commons = yes<br /> |commons-search = <br /> |d = yes<br /> |d-search = <br /> |portal1 = Biography<br /> |portal2 = <br /> }}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Jaani}}<br /> [[Category:1989 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male songwriters]]<br /> [[Category:Indian songwriters]]<br /> [[Category:People from Punjab, India]]<br /> [[Category:Punjabi-language lyricists]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tujhe_Kitna_Chahne_Lage&diff=441588 2023-12-12T20:39:30Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|2019 film song from Kabir Singh}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}} {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}} {{Infobox song | name = Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage | type = Song | artist = Arijit Singh | album = Kabir Singh | language = Hindi | published = 31 May 2019 | studio = Living Water Music | genre = Ballad Soundtrack | length = 4:44 | label = [...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2019 film song from Kabir Singh}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox song<br /> | name = Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage<br /> | type = Song<br /> | artist = [[Arijit Singh]]<br /> | album = [[Kabir Singh]]<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | published = 31 May 2019<br /> | studio = Living Water Music<br /> | genre = [[Sentimental ballad|Ballad]] Soundtrack<br /> | length = 4:44<br /> | label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br /> | writer = [[Mithoon]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | tracks = #&quot;[[Bekhayali]]&quot;<br /> #&quot;Kaise Hua&quot;<br /> #'''&quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage&quot;'''<br /> #&quot;Mere Sohneya&quot;<br /> #&quot;Tera Ban Jaunga&quot;<br /> #&quot;Yeh Aaina&quot;<br /> #&quot;Pehla Pyaar&quot;<br /> #&quot;[[Bekhayali]] (Version 2)&quot;<br /> #'''&quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahein Aur&quot;''' (Film Version)<br /> | misc = {{external media <br /> |video1 ={{YouTube|3Dg006VuOMk|&quot;Tuje Kitna Chahne Lage&quot;}}: 74M views (107M views across YouTube) as at 19 December 2019<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> &quot;'''Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage'''&quot; ({{translation|&quot;I've started to love you a lot&quot;}}) is a [[Hindi]] [[Sentimental ballad|ballad]] from the [[Kabir Singh#Soundtrack|soundtrack album]] for the 2019 film ''[[Kabir Singh]]''.{{efn|Another version of the song, titled &quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahein Aur&quot; and sung by [[Jubin Nautiyal]], was used in the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;Scroll&quot; /&gt;}} The song was written and composed by [[Mithoon]], and is sung by [[Arijit Singh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/music/shahid-kapoor-kiara-advani-starrer-film-kabir-singh-new-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage/videoshow/69596444.cms|title=फिल्म 'कबीर सिंह' का गाना 'तुझे इतना चाहने लगे हम'-movie-masti Video {{!}} Navbharat Times|website=Navbharat Times|publisher=India Times|language=hi|access-date=1 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531170049/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/music/shahid-kapoor-kiara-advani-starrer-film-kabir-singh-new-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage/videoshow/69596444.cms|archive-date=31 May 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film depicts a surgeon who descends into alcoholism and a path of self-destruction after his lover marries someone else. According to the filmmakers, the song is about &quot;the phase of love and longing after falling apart&quot;.<br /> <br /> The song topped a number of music charts in India in July 2019. It also did well on [[Radio Mirchi]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Deccan Chronicle&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;musicplus1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mirchi&quot; /&gt; where it was listed at number 3 on the Radio Mirchi website's Top 20 song chart between 6 and 19 July.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mirchi&quot; /&gt; On the ''Musicplus'' charts, the song spent two weeks at number 1 between 26 July and 8 August.&lt;ref name=&quot;musicplus1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Musicplus2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> &quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage&quot; was composed by [[Mithoon]] for the soundtrack album of the film ''[[Kabir Singh]]'', and sung by [[Arijit Singh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Scroll_tearjerker&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/videos/tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-song-from-kabir-singh-released-1003701|title=Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage, song from Kabir Singh released|last=shwetash|date=1 June 2019|website=www.abplive.in|language=en-US|access-date=20 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920122133/https://www.abplive.in/videos/tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-song-from-kabir-singh-released-1003701|archive-date=20 September 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-movies/music-reviews/koimoi-bollywood-music-countdown-august-2019-saahos-pyscho-saiyaan-dream-girls-dhagala-lagali/|title=Koimoi Bollywood Music Countdown August 2019: From Saaho's Pyscho Saiyaan To Dream Girl's Dhagala Lagali – VOTE NOW!|last=Team|first=Koimoi com|date=13 September 2019|website=Koimoi|language=en-US|access-date=20 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920122132/https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-movies/music-reviews/koimoi-bollywood-music-countdown-august-2019-saahos-pyscho-saiyaan-dream-girls-dhagala-lagali/|archive-date=20 September 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/news-from-bollywood/shahid-kapoor-starrer-kabir-singh-second-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-released/articleshow/69596539.cms|title=tujhe kitna chahne lage: Shahid Kapoor की फिल्म 'कबीर सिंह' का गाना 'तुझे कितना चाहने लगे' रिलीज़ – shahid kapoor starrer kabir singh second song tujhe kitna chahne lage released|date=31 May 2019|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi|access-date=13 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV&quot; /&gt; The film tells the story of an alcoholic surgeon who descends a path of alcoholism and self destruction after his lover marries someone else.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Statesman&quot; /&gt; The music producer is Godswill Mergulhao,&lt;ref name=&quot;Sen&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Sen |first1=Debarati S |title=Music review: Kabir Singh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/music-reviews/music-review-kabir-singh/articleshow/69788385.cms |accessdate=30 November 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=20 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710205203/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/music-reviews/music-review-kabir-singh/articleshow/69788385.cms |archive-date=10 July 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; with drum beats by Bobby Shrivastava.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The song was recorded at Living Water Music, and was mixed and mastered by Eric Pillai at Future Sound Of Bombay.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Another version of the song, titled &quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahein Aur&quot; and sung by [[Jubin Nautiyal]], was used in the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;Scroll&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Devarsi |title='Kabir Singh' music review: Likeable ballads in a booster shot of saccharine rock |url=https://scroll.in/reel/927318/kabir-singh-music-review-likeable-ballads-in-a-booster-shot-of-saccharine-rock |accessdate=11 October 2019 |work=[[Scroll.in]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820195255/https://scroll.in/reel/927318/kabir-singh-music-review-likeable-ballads-in-a-booster-shot-of-saccharine-rock |archive-date=20 August 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Singh's version was released on the soundtrack album while Nautiyal's version was used in the film, while also releasing later on the soundtrack album.<br /> <br /> == Music video ==<br /> The music video was released by T-Series on YouTube on 19 June 2019, attracting 20 million views the same day.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bollywood/shahid-kapoors-kabir-singh-second-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-is-out-now/534053/amp|title=Kabir Singh Second song releases|work=Zee News Hindi|access-date=1 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601090925/https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bollywood/shahid-kapoors-kabir-singh-second-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-is-out-now/534053/amp|archive-date=1 June 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;anthem&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kabir-singh-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-out-arijit-singh-song-is-next-anthem-for-broken-hearts-1539385-2019-05-31|title=Kabir Singh Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage out: Arijit Singh song is next anthem for broken hearts|publisher=India Today Web Desk|date=31 May 2019|language=en|access-date=20 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920141302/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kabir-singh-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-out-arijit-singh-song-is-next-anthem-for-broken-hearts-1539385-2019-05-31|archive-date=20 September 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; It has been viewed more than 74 million times{{efn|The official lyrical video posted by T-Series got 42M views,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=LYRICAL: Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage {{!}} Kabir Singh {{!}} Mithoon Feat. Arijit Singh {{!}} Shahid Kapoor, Kiara A|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IGDsD-dLF8|language=en|access-date=19 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; taking the total views across YouTube to over 107M.|name=|}} since its release.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=3Dg006VuOMk|title=Kabir Singh: Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage Song {{!}} Mithoon Feat. Arijit Singh {{!}} Shahid Kapoor, Kiara Advani|publisher=T Series|website=YouTube|date=31 May 2019|access-date=1 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601200819/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Dg006VuOMk|archive-date=1 June 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The filmmakers have described the song as expressing &quot;the phase of love and longing after falling apart&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV&quot; /&gt; The initially-released video was two minutes long, and mostly featured actor [[Shahid Kapoor]] shown as a new and younger-looking [[Avatar (computing)|avatar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;anthem&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Times of India set&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Shahid Kapoor all set to reveal the second song from 'Kabir Singh' titled 'Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage' today – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/shahid-kapoor-all-set-to-reveal-the-second-song-from-kabir-singh-titled-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-today/articleshow/69593057.cms |accessdate=12 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shahid plays the title role of Kabir, the lead protagonist, who embarks on a path of self-destruction.&lt;ref name=&quot;NewsX&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Kabir Singh's song Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage: Shahid Kapoor, Kiara Advani starrer to release tomorrow |url=https://www.newsx.com/entertainment/kabir-singhs-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-shahid-kapoor-kiara-advani-starrer-to-release-tomorrow.html |accessdate=11 October 2019 |work=[[NewsX]] |date=30 May 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011120805/https://www.newsx.com/entertainment/kabir-singhs-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-shahid-kapoor-kiara-advani-starrer-to-release-tomorrow.html |archive-date=11 October 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kabir's appearance in the music video reflects one of the character's three personas shown in the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;Times of India set&quot; /&gt; The video shows Shahid Kapoor [[Shaving|clean-shaven]], for the first time since his appearance in ''[[Jab We Met]]'' in 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;CatchNews&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Times of India set&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/kabir-singh-new-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-from-shahid-kapoor-and-kiara-advani-starrer-is-out/videoshow/69601049.cms|title='Kabir Singh': New song 'Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage' from Shahid Kapoor and Kiara Advani starrer is out {{!}} Hindi Movie News – Bollywood – Times of India|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915201906/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/kabir-singh-new-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-from-shahid-kapoor-and-kiara-advani-starrer-is-out/videoshow/69601049.cms|archive-date=15 September 2019|access-date=20 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; The video depicts the story of two lovers.&lt;ref name=&quot;aajtak31may&quot; /&gt; Actress Kiara Advani, who plays Kabir's love interest, Preeti, appears in only a few scenes.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Kabir Singh Song Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage Is All About Shahid Kapoor's Love For Kiara Advani |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kabir-singh-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-is-all-about-shahid-kapoors-love-for-kiara-advani-2046155 |accessdate=11 October 2019 |work=[[NDTV]].com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011120758/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kabir-singh-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-is-all-about-shahid-kapoors-love-for-kiara-advani-2046155 |archive-date=11 October 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kabir Singh, a surgeon, is portrayed as a sad figure, drinking and smoking to excess after his separation from Preeti.&lt;ref name=&quot;ToiTogether&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title='Kabir Singh' new song: 'Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage' song brings together Mithoon and Arijit Singh – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/kabir-singh-new-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-song-brings-together-mithoon-and-arijit-singh/articleshow/69595238.cms |accessdate=6 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923195750/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/kabir-singh-new-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-song-brings-together-mithoon-and-arijit-singh/articleshow/69595238.cms |archive-date=23 September 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dainik Bhaskar&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=नए गाने में गम में डूबे दिखे शाहिद |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/videos/bollywood/kabir-singh-s-new-song-out-01558917.html |accessdate=11 October 2019 |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |language=hi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608134638/https://www.bhaskar.com/videos/bollywood/kabir-singh-s-new-song-out-01558917.html |archive-date=8 June 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Shahid Kapoor shows him trying to move on with his life, but unable to forget his memories of Preeti.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The song begins with Kabir trying different ways to deal with the [[breakup]]. He is shown smoking, going for long, aimless solo rides on his motorcycle, spending time alone, and doing housework to keep himself busy.&lt;ref name=&quot;DNA India&quot; /&gt; He visits beautiful landscapes on his bike.&lt;ref name=&quot;Scroll_tearjerker&quot; /&gt; Despite his efforts to get over the breakup, he is rendered helpless by his recurring memories.&lt;ref name=&quot;DNA India&quot; /&gt; In the music video, flashbacks to past romantic scenes are paralleled with scenes in the present, presenting the story of the two lovers.&lt;ref name=&quot;Amar Ujala&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Song Review: अरिजीत की आवाज, मिथुन का संगीत लेकिन मामला जमा नहीं, वजह है ये |url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/movie-review/shahid-kapoor-kiara-advani-starrer-kabir-singh-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-digital-review |accessdate=11 October 2019 |work=Amar Ujala |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703060833/https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/movie-review/shahid-kapoor-kiara-advani-starrer-kabir-singh-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-digital-review |archive-date=3 July 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Scroll_tearjerker&quot; /&gt; The song shows Kabir riding a motorcycle to meet Preeti, followed by a romantic kiss between them.&lt;ref name=&quot;timesnowvideo&quot; /&gt; The flashback scenes show the couple's happy moments, and are followed by a scene showing Kabir's sadness as his lover is marrying someone else.&lt;ref name=&quot;CatchNews&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title='Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage' Shahid Kapoor's starrer Kabir Singh new song out |url=http://www.catchnews.com/bollywood-news/tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-shahid-kapoor-s-starrer-kabir-singh-new-song-out-162280.html |accessdate=12 October 2019 |work=CatchNews.com |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011123741/http://www.catchnews.com/bollywood-news/tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-shahid-kapoor-s-starrer-kabir-singh-new-song-out-162280.html |archive-date=11 October 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; After a futile attempt to get over the separation, Kabir becomes an alcoholic.&lt;ref name=&quot;DNA India&quot; /&gt; He is shown intoxicated and alone.&lt;ref name=&quot;aajtak31may&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=कबीर सिंह का नया गाना, नजर आई नशे में डूबे तन्हा शाहिद कपूर की कहानी |url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/kabir-singh-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-out-arijit-singh-song-for-shahid-kapoor-next-tmov-1-1089044.html |accessdate=12 October 2019 |work=aajtak.intoday.in |language=hi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011123742/https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/kabir-singh-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-out-arijit-singh-song-for-shahid-kapoor-next-tmov-1-1089044.html |archive-date=11 October 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Charts==<br /> In July 2019, &quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage&quot; topped various music charts in India, including those of ''Musicplus''. It also did well on [[Radio Mirchi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Deccan Chronicle&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=After 'Kabir Singh', Mithoon works hard for Mohit Suri's 'Malang' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/250719/after-kabir-singh-mithoon-works-hard-for-mohit-suris-malang.html |accessdate=6 October 2019 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=25 July 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909134634/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/250719/after-kabir-singh-mithoon-works-hard-for-mohit-suris-malang.html |archive-date=9 September 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;musicplus1&quot; /&gt; The song spent two weeks at number 1 on the ''Musicplus'' charts between 26 July and 8 August 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;musicplus1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=26th July to 1st August 2019 |url=https://www.musicplus.in/plus-chart/chart-archive/26th-july-to-1st-august-2019/ |website=Musicplus |accessdate=12 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Musicplus2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd to 8th August 2019 |url=https://www.musicplus.in/plus-chart/chart-archive/2nd-to-8th-august-2019/ |website=Musicplus |accessdate=12 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; For two weeks, between 6 and 19 July 2019, it was listed at number 3 in the Top 20 Songs chart published by [[Radio Mirchi]] on its website. As at 12 October 2019, the song had remained on its top 20 chart for 17 weeks.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mirchi&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Latest Bollywood songs on Mirchi Top20 countdown. |url=https://www.radiomirchi.com/more/mirchi-top-20/ |website=www.radiomirchi.com |accessdate=12 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425130612/http://www.radiomirchi.com/more/mirchi-top-20/ |archive-date=25 April 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[NDTV]]'' reported on the song's release, saying that viewers were &quot;guaranteed to play it on loop&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV&quot; /&gt; ''[[Zee News]]'' reported that &quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage&quot; was a candidate for top breakup song of the year.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zee News&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Video : फिर टूटा शाहिद कपूर का दिल, रिलीज होते ही ट्रेंड करने लगा 'कबीर सिंह' का ब्रेकअप सॉन्ग |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bollywood/shahid-kapoors-kabir-singh-second-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-is-out-now/534053 |accessdate=11 October 2019 |work=[[Zee News]] Hindi |date=31 May 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612042514/https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bollywood/shahid-kapoors-kabir-singh-second-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-is-out-now/534053 |archive-date=12 June 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[News18]]'' reported that it was the second most-viewed song from the movie ''Kabir Singh''. ''News18'' credited the film's success to its songs, using view-count as a measure of their popularity with young people: on the [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] YouTube channel, &quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage&quot; was streamed 96 million times in the first month of the film's release, placing it second among the songs from the ''Kabir Singh'' soundtrack.&lt;ref name=&quot;News18&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Are We Giving Enough Credit to Kabir Singh's Songs for Its Blockbuster Success? |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/are-we-giving-enough-credit-to-kabir-singhs-songs-for-its-blockbuster-success-2240813.html |accessdate=11 October 2019 |work=[[News18]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011123741/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/are-we-giving-enough-credit-to-kabir-singhs-songs-for-its-blockbuster-success-2240813.html |archive-date=11 October 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[Spotify]]'' announced that &quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage&quot; was the second most-streamed song of 2019 in India. Another song from the same film, &quot;Bekhayali&quot;, was third.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Kabir Singh is Spotify's most streamed album – with 4 songs in the top 10 |url=https://businessinsider.in/entertainment/news/kabir-singh-is-spotifys-most-streamed-album-with-4-songs-in-the-top-10/articleshow/72346601.cms |accessdate=3 December 2019 |work=Business Insider |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203113841/https://www.businessinsider.in/entertainment/news/kabir-singh-is-spotifys-most-streamed-album-with-4-songs-in-the-top-10/articleshow/72346601.cms |archive-date=3 December 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Lata |title=Arijit Singh, 'Kabir Singh' dominate Spotify in 2019 |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/arijit-singh-kabir-singh-dominate-spotify-in-2019-11575371539890.html |accessdate=3 December 2019 |work=livemint.com |date=3 December 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203174800/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/arijit-singh-kabir-singh-dominate-spotify-in-2019-11575371539890.html |archive-date=3 December 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> ''[[India Today]]'' reported that &quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage&quot; was a sure candidate as &quot;the next anthem for broken hearts&quot;. It described the song as an &quot;off-beat sad-romantic number&quot; that was different from other conventional songs of similar type.&lt;ref name=&quot;anthem&quot; /&gt; ''[[The Times of India]]'' said: &quot;the song very beautifully captures the emotions of the one smitten by love and at the same time, describes the pain of losing that someone special.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Times of India Fall&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=2 June 2019 |title='Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage': Fall in love with the romantic melody from 'Kabir Singh' – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-fall-in-love-with-the-romantic-melody-from-kabir-singh/articleshow/69618962.cms |accessdate=11 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629200838/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-fall-in-love-with-the-romantic-melody-from-kabir-singh/articleshow/69618962.cms |archive-date=29 June 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Times Now]]'' described it as slow and romantic, showing Shahid roaming as a lover gone mad, and said it was a soulful song performed by Arijit, who has expertise in this category. It said that &quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage&quot; was pleasing to listen to, and that viewers would be humming the song after hearing it a couple of times.&lt;ref name=&quot;timesnowvideo&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=वीडियो: कबीर सिंह का दूसरा गाना आउट, कियारा आडवाणी के प्यार में दीवाने दिखे शाहिद कपूर |url=https://hindi.timesnownews.com/bollywood/bollywood/article/kabir-singh-new-arijit-singh-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-out-featuring-shahid-kapoor-kiara-advani-watch-video/428993 |accessdate=12 October 2019 |work=hindi.timesnownews.com |language=hi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011123746/https://hindi.timesnownews.com/bollywood/bollywood/article/kabir-singh-new-arijit-singh-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-out-featuring-shahid-kapoor-kiara-advani-watch-video/428993 |archive-date=11 October 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Scroll.in]]'' characterised ''Kabir Singh''{{'s}} songs, including &quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage&quot;, as &quot;[[saccharine]] rock&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Scroll&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[DNA India]]'' reported that the song was &quot;a soulful heart-wrenching melody&quot; that &quot;perfectly highlights the phase of love and longing&quot; Kabir experiences after separating from his beloved.&lt;ref name=&quot;DNA India&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Pandey |first1=Prachita |title=Kabir Singh song 'Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage': Arijit Singh voices Shahid Kapoor's love and longing in this soulful ballad |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-kabir-singh-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-arijit-singh-voices-shahid-kapoor-s-love-and-longing-in-this-soulful-ballad-2755767 |accessdate=12 October 2019 |work=DNA India |date=31 May 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011123741/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-kabir-singh-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-arijit-singh-voices-shahid-kapoor-s-love-and-longing-in-this-soulful-ballad-2755767 |archive-date=11 October 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In its review, ''DNA'' reported that &quot;the pangs of separation are beautifully brought out&quot; in Mithoon's lyrics, that the actor had &quot;nailed his expressions to the T&quot;, and that Arijit had &quot;crooned the song to perfection&quot;. The review noted that Arijit had proved again that no other singer could &quot;bring out the sense of loss in love&quot; in the way that his singing did.&lt;ref name=&quot;DNA India&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage&quot; is called a &quot;tearjerker&quot; in the title of another ''[[Scroll.in]]'' review,&lt;ref name=&quot;Scroll_tearjerker&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author=Scroll Staff |title=Song check: Arijit Singh-Mithoon return for tearjerker 'Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage' in 'Kabir Singh' |url=https://scroll.in/reel/925507/song-check-arijit-singh-mithoon-return-for-tearjerker-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-in-kabir-singh |accessdate=12 October 2019 |work=[[Scroll.in]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820182831/https://scroll.in/reel/925507/song-check-arijit-singh-mithoon-return-for-tearjerker-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-in-kabir-singh |archive-date=20 August 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; in which the song is described as a &quot;pensive ballad that speaks of the hero's heartbreak&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Scroll_tearjerker&quot; /&gt; ''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]'' called the song a &quot;sad romantic track&quot;, and &quot;an off-beat-romantic number&quot;, because of its differences from conventional songs of the type. It noted that &quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage&quot; hints at the tragic ending of a romance.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Statesman&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Kabir Singh's second song 'Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage' is out |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/kabir-singhs-second-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-1502760667.html |accessdate=12 October 2019 |work=The Statesman |date=31 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609183234/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/kabir-singhs-second-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-1502760667.html |archive-date=9 June 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[SpotboyE]]'' called the song melancholic yet beautiful, showing the protagonist &quot;in a state of melancholy&quot;. It praised the stunning visuals of the music video.&lt;ref name=&quot;spotboye&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Kabir Singh Song, Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage: This Shahid Kapoor Track Is Melancholic Yet Beautiful |url=https://www.spotboye.com/bollywood/news/kabir-singh-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-this-shahid-kapoor-track-is-melancholic-yet-beautiful/5cf0f89f7195113f59d214c6 |accessdate=12 October 2019 |work=[[SpotboyE]].com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011123741/https://www.spotboye.com/bollywood/news/kabir-singh-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-this-shahid-kapoor-track-is-melancholic-yet-beautiful/5cf0f89f7195113f59d214c6 |archive-date=11 October 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In its critical review, ''[[Amar Ujala]]'' noted that singer Arijit Singh uses his voice in an attempt to transform a song with ordinary lyrics into something extraordinary. The review described the opening lines as heart-touching, but also noted that Mithoon's lyrics weakened towards the end. Godswill's team was considered to have done a good job with the music. Comparing &quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage&quot; with other contemporary songs, the review called it average, saying that the lyrics were the song's weakest link.&lt;ref name=&quot;Amar Ujala&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}[https://www.lyricsliv.com/2021/01/tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-lyrics.html LYRICS IN HINDI : Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage | Kabir Singh | Arijit Singh | Shahid Kapoor &amp; Kiara Advani]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|kabir-singh|Kabir Singh}}<br /> <br /> {{Arijit Singh}}<br /> {{Jubin Nautiyal}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Arijit Singh songs]]<br /> [[Category:Songs written by Mithoon]]<br /> [[Category:T-Series (company) singles]]<br /> [[Category:2019 songs]]<br /> [[Category:2010s ballads]]<br /> [[Category:Film songs in Hindi]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabir_Singh_(soundtrack)&diff=441587 2023-12-12T20:37:24Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|2019 soundtrack album}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}} {{Infobox album | name = Kabir Singh | type = soundtrack | artist = Mithoon, Amaal Mallik, Vishal Mishra, Sachet–Parampara and Akhil Sachdeva | cover = | alt = | released = 7 June 2019 | recorded = 2018–2019 | venue = | studio = | genre = Feature film soundtrack | length...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2019 soundtrack album}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Kabir Singh<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Mithoon]], [[Amaal Mallik]], [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]], [[Sachet–Parampara]] and [[Akhil Sachdeva]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | alt = <br /> | released = 7 June 2019<br /> | recorded = 2018–2019<br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 42:27<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | prev_title = <br /> | prev_year = <br /> | next_title = <br /> | next_year = <br /> | misc = {{External media<br /> | audio1 = {{YouTube|BDlNjOc3wiQ|Official Audio Jukebox}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Singles<br /> | name = Kabir Singh<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | single1 = [[Bekhayali]]<br /> | single1date = 24 May 2019<br /> | single2 = [[Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage]]<br /> | single2date = 31 May 2019<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> '''''Kabir Singh''''' is the [[soundtrack]] to the [[Kabir Singh|2019 film of the same name]], directed by [[Sandeep Reddy Vanga]], which is a remake of Vanga's own [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Arjun Reddy]]'' (2017), starring [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kiara Advani]]. Released by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] on 7 June 2019, the album consisted nine songs composed by [[Mithoon]], [[Amaal Mallik]], [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]], [[Sachet–Parampara]] (a duo consisting of [[Sachet Tandon]] and Parampara Thakur) and [[Akhil Sachdeva]] with lyrics written by Mithoon, [[Irshad Kamil]], [[Manoj Muntashir]] and [[Kumaar]]. Harshavardhan Rameshwar, who scored the original counterpart, composed background music for the film.<br /> <br /> The soundtrack received critical acclaim with praise for the composition, lyrics and the originality of the album, without recreated songs compared to previous albums in the [[Hindi film music]] scene. The songs, particularly &quot;[[Bekhayali]]&quot; and &quot;[[Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage]]&quot;, emerged as chartbusters upon release, and the album in whole crossed more than a billion streams in music platforms. In addition, the album won [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]] sharing with [[Gully Boy|''Gully Boy'']] (2019).<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> The soundtrack was preceded with the first single &quot;[[Bekhayali]]&quot; performed by Sachet Tandon and written by Irshad Kamil. Tandon who composed the song with his wife Parampara Thakur, was brought for composing a song after Kapoor liked his work in [[Batti Gul Meter Chalu|''Batti Gul Meter Chalu'']] (2018) and he arranged a meeting with Vanga and the producers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bekhayali composer duo Sachet Tandon and Parampara say they share a special bond with Shahid Kapoor |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/bekhayali-composer-duo-sachet-tandon-and-parampara-say-they-share-a-special-bond-with-shahid-kapoor/425273 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730140734/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/bekhayali-composer-duo-sachet-tandon-and-parampara-say-they-share-a-special-bond-with-shahid-kapoor/425273 |archive-date=30 July 2021 |access-date=5 June 2019 |website=Times Now |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tandon described the song conveys five emotions including pain, love, passion, anxiety and anger.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2019-05-27 |title='Kabir Singh': Music director Sachet Tandon talks about the recently released song 'Bekhayali' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/kabir-singh-music-director-sachet-tandon-talks-about-the-recently-released-song-bekhayali/articleshow/69518856.cms |access-date=2023-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129104744/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/kabir-singh-music-director-sachet-tandon-talks-about-the-recently-released-song-bekhayali/articleshow/69518856.cms |archive-date=2023-11-29 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; The promo which released before the full audio of the song, on 24 May 2019, garnered anticipation amongst the audiences with several [[Cover version|cover versions]] were made available on [[YouTube]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=21 May 2019 |title='Bekhayali' song from Shahid Kapoor starrer 'Kabir Singh' is already a chartbuster even before its release |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/bekhayali-song-from-shahid-kapoor-starrer-kabir-singh-is-already-a-chartbuster-even-before-its-release/articleshow/69425628.cms |url-status=live |access-date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190522071315/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/bekhayali-song-from-shahid-kapoor-starrer-kabir-singh-is-already-a-chartbuster-even-before-its-release/articleshow/69425628.cms |archive-date=22 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Apart from Tandon's version, the song also had another version performed by [[Arijit Singh]]. ''[[India Today]]'' described &quot;Bekhayali&quot; as the &quot;heartbreak anthem of 2019&quot; and ''[[The Indian Express]]'' called it as &quot;an ode to unrequited love&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bekhayali from Kabir Singh out: Shahid Kapoor and Kiara Advani star in the heartbreak anthem of 2019 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/bekhayali-from-kabir-singh-out-shahid-kapoor-and-kiara-advani-star-in-the-heartbreak-anthem-of-2019-1533742-2019-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920141313/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/bekhayali-from-kabir-singh-out-shahid-kapoor-and-kiara-advani-star-in-the-heartbreak-anthem-of-2019-1533742-2019-05-24 |archive-date=2019-09-20 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-05-24 |title=Kabir Singh song Bekhayali: An ode to unrequited love |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kabir-singh-song-bekhayali-shahid-kapoor-5746698/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225182328/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kabir-singh-song-bekhayali-shahid-kapoor-5746698/ |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Quote box<br /> | quote = &quot;''Kabir Singh'' was an interesting experience because it was about heartbreak. The character is honest, temperamental and thinks from his heart. Making music for such a character is very fulfilling because you connect with the character and I have tried to create a lot of dynamism in the melody which is like the character of the main protagonist.&quot;<br /> | source = — [[Mithoon]] on composing &quot;[[Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;TH1&quot; /&gt;<br /> | align = right<br /> | width = 25%<br /> }}<br /> <br /> &quot;[[Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage]]&quot; was performed by Singh, with music and lyrics by Mithoon.&lt;ref name=&quot;TH1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Khan |first=Atif |date=2019-07-25 |title=Meet Mithoon, the composer of heart-wrenching melodies in Hindi films |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/music-is-a-wonderful-way-to-express-pain/article28708465.ece |access-date=2023-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726131744/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/music-is-a-wonderful-way-to-express-pain/article28708465.ece |archive-date=2019-07-26 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was released as the second single from the album on 31 May 2019,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-05-31 |title=Kabir Singh new song Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage shows Shahid Kapoor gradually taking to alcoholism |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kabir-singh-new-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-shows-shahid-kapoor-gradually-taking-to-alcoholism-6734141.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601094609/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kabir-singh-new-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-shows-shahid-kapoor-gradually-taking-to-alcoholism-6734141.html |archive-date=2019-06-01 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;anthem&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 May 2019 |title=Kabir Singh Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage out: Arijit Singh song is next anthem for broken hearts |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kabir-singh-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-out-arijit-singh-song-is-next-anthem-for-broken-hearts-1539385-2019-05-31 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920141302/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kabir-singh-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-out-arijit-singh-song-is-next-anthem-for-broken-hearts-1539385-2019-05-31 |archive-date=20 September 2019 |access-date=20 September 2019 |website=India Today |publisher= |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; which was described as &quot;the phase of love and longing after falling apart&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Kabir Singh Song Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage Is All About Shahid Kapoor's Love For Kiara Advani |work=[[NDTV]].com |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kabir-singh-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-is-all-about-shahid-kapoors-love-for-kiara-advani-2046155 |url-status=live |accessdate=11 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011120758/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kabir-singh-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-is-all-about-shahid-kapoors-love-for-kiara-advani-2046155 |archive-date=11 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; In a review for ''[[Scroll.in]]'', the song was described as a &quot;tearjerker&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Scroll_tearjerker&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author=Scroll Staff |title=Song check: Arijit Singh-Mithoon return for tearjerker 'Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage' in 'Kabir Singh' |work=[[Scroll.in]] |url=https://scroll.in/reel/925507/song-check-arijit-singh-mithoon-return-for-tearjerker-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-in-kabir-singh |url-status=live |accessdate=12 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820182831/https://scroll.in/reel/925507/song-check-arijit-singh-mithoon-return-for-tearjerker-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-in-kabir-singh |archive-date=20 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]'' called the song a &quot;sad romantic track&quot; and &quot;an off-beat-romantic number&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Statesman&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=31 May 2019 |title=Kabir Singh's second song 'Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage' is out |work=The Statesman |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/kabir-singhs-second-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-1502760667.html |url-status=live |accessdate=12 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609183234/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/kabir-singhs-second-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-1502760667.html |archive-date=9 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; While Singh performed the song in the album, the film version is performed by [[Jubin Nautiyal]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kabir Singh song 'Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage': Arijit Singh voices Shahid Kapoor's love and longing in this soulful ballad |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-kabir-singh-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-arijit-singh-voices-shahid-kapoor-s-love-and-longing-in-this-soulful-ballad-2755767 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011123741/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-kabir-singh-song-tujhe-kitna-chahne-lage-arijit-singh-voices-shahid-kapoor-s-love-and-longing-in-this-soulful-ballad-2755767 |archive-date=2019-10-11 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=DNA India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The soundtrack was released on 7 June 2019, two weeks before the film's release.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh&amp;nbsp;– Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/kabir-singh/kLG-OKbVmvM_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229221030/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/kabir-singh/kLG-OKbVmvM_ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=28 February 2020 |publisher=Jio Saavn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> <br /> === Critical ===<br /> Joginder Tuteja of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave three-and-a-half stars out of five saying &quot;The music of ''Kabir Singh'' has a certain consistent theme that runs rights through the soundtrack, hence making it a seamless listening experience. Though not all songs would end up finding a place in the charts, at least a couple of these are set to be huge in time to come.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tuteja |first=Joginder |date=2019-06-21 |title=Kabir Singh Music Review |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kabir-singh/songs/music-critic-review/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702204007/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kabir-singh/songs/music-critic-review/ |archive-date=2019-07-02 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Debarati Sen of [[The Times of India|''The Times of India'']] reviewed &quot;Melody, definitely reigns supreme in this album and it is worth a hear&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2019-06-20 |title=Music review: Kabir Singh |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/music-reviews/music-review-kabir-singh/articleshow/69788385.cms |access-date=2023-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029212531/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/music-reviews/music-review-kabir-singh/articleshow/69788385.cms |archive-date=2020-10-29 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his four-star review, Umesh Punwani of ''[[Koimoi]]'' described it as &quot;by far the best Hindi album of 2019&quot;, edging by [[Gully Boy|''Gully Boy'']], &quot;because of the songs with long shelf-life. It is a mixed bag of mood-worthy songs.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Punwani |first=Umesh |date=2019-06-21 |title=Kabir Singh Music Review: Melody At Its Melancholic Best – Album Of The Year! |url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-movies/music-reviews/kabir-singh-music-review-melody-at-its-melancholic-best-album-of-the-year/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622150820/https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-movies/music-reviews/kabir-singh-music-review-melody-at-its-melancholic-best-album-of-the-year/ |archive-date=2019-06-22 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Koimoi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In contrast, Devarsi Ghosh, in a mixed review for ''[[Scroll.in]]'', said that &quot;the ''Kabir Singh'' soundtrack has good tunes, but it plays safe to the point of being dull. The album’s sappy saccharine rock sound is now passe. But the brains behind the ''Kabir Singh'' soundtrack felt that this was the way to go.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Devarsi |date=2019-06-18 |title=‘Kabir Singh’ music review: Likeable ballads in a booster shot of saccharine rock |url=https://scroll.in/reel/927318/kabir-singh-music-review-likeable-ballads-in-a-booster-shot-of-saccharine-rock |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812185130/https://scroll.in/reel/927318/kabir-singh-music-review-likeable-ballads-in-a-booster-shot-of-saccharine-rock |archive-date=2019-08-12 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shreya Paul of ''[[Firstpost]]'' wrote &quot;The soundtrack of ''Kabir Singh,'' with its passion-angst-heartbreak boxes ticked off, could have been another ''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]'' or even ''[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]].'' But, with the exception of 'Pehla Pyaar', 'Yeh Aaina' and 'Bekhayali', it is not able to stick the landing.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-19 |title=Kabir Singh music review: A typical angst-laden soundtrack diluted by similar sounding songs |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kabir-singh-music-review-a-typical-angst-laden-soundtrack-diluted-by-similar-sounding-songs-6836741.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715004722/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kabir-singh-music-review-a-typical-angst-laden-soundtrack-diluted-by-similar-sounding-songs-6836741.html |archive-date=2019-07-15 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critic Vipin Nair summarised it as &quot;an unremarkable multi-composer fare&quot; rating two-and-a-half out of five and said &quot;Sad that director Sandeep Vanga had to settle for this in Bollywood, after having extracted a brilliantly diverse soundtrack out of [[Radhan]] for [[Arjun Reddy|''Arjun Reddy'']]. Oh well, at least he did not have to include a remix.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2019-06-20 |title=Unremarkable multi-composer fare |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/unremarkable-multi-composer-fare/article28088191.ece |access-date=2023-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814034243/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/unremarkable-multi-composer-fare/article28088191.ece |archive-date=2020-08-14 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-20 |title=Kabir Singh – Music Review (Bollywood Soundtrack) |url=https://www.musicaloud.com/2019/06/20/kabir-singh-music-review-bollywood-soundtrack/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226035159/https://www.musicaloud.com/2019/06/20/kabir-singh-music-review-bollywood-soundtrack/ |archive-date=2021-02-26 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Music Aloud}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Commercial ===<br /> The soundtrack's commercial success was attributed to the fresh and original compositions (mostly melodic) curated for the album, contrary to the remixes and recreations, as well as the [[Electronic dance music|EDM]] music genre produced in [[Hindi film music]] scene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Highs and lows of Hindi film music released this year |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/highs-and-lows-of-hindi-film-music-released-this-year-36101.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921034756/https://www.filmfare.com/features/highs-and-lows-of-hindi-film-music-released-this-year-36101.html |archive-date=2019-09-21 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Filmfare |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-11 |title=1947-2019: A Bollywood playlist |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/1947-2019-a-playlist-5891609/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214075345/https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/1947-2019-a-playlist-5891609/ |archive-date=2019-12-14 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Analysts contributed the music as one of the key factors to the film's success.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Why music is a big star in the success of 'Kabir Singh' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/aug/02/why-music-is-a-big-star-in-the-success-of-kabir-singh-2013116.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928165925/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/aug/02/why-music-is-a-big-star-in-the-success-of-kabir-singh-2013116.html |archive-date=2019-09-28 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lyricist Prashant Ingole opining to the originality of the album, admitted that &quot;Personally, I don't like recreations. There is so much of talent in India, and all we (the music industry) need to do is to create new music for the audience, and they will support it as well.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;Bekhayali&quot; and &quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage&quot; topped [[Radio Mirchi]] charts in both weekly and year-end.&lt;ref name=&quot;Deccan Chronicle&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=25 July 2019 |title=After 'Kabir Singh', Mithoon works hard for Mohit Suri's 'Malang' |language=en |work=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/250719/after-kabir-singh-mithoon-works-hard-for-mohit-suris-malang.html |url-status=live |accessdate=6 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909134634/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/250719/after-kabir-singh-mithoon-works-hard-for-mohit-suris-malang.html |archive-date=9 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; The latter remained in Top 20 charts for seventeen weeks since the song's release.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mirchi&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Latest Bollywood songs on Mirchi Top20 countdown. |url=https://www.radiomirchi.com/more/mirchi-top-20/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425130612/http://www.radiomirchi.com/more/mirchi-top-20/ |archive-date=25 April 2019 |accessdate=12 October 2019 |website=www.radiomirchi.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to [[Spotify]], the album was the most streamed album of 2019 in India, with &quot;Bekhayali&quot; and &quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage&quot; were the second- and third-most streamed song of 2019 in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Kabir Singh is Spotify's most streamed album – with 4 songs in the top 10 |work=Business Insider |url=https://businessinsider.in/entertainment/news/kabir-singh-is-spotifys-most-streamed-album-with-4-songs-in-the-top-10/articleshow/72346601.cms |url-status=live |accessdate=3 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203113841/https://www.businessinsider.in/entertainment/news/kabir-singh-is-spotifys-most-streamed-album-with-4-songs-in-the-top-10/articleshow/72346601.cms |archive-date=3 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Lata |date=3 December 2019 |title=Arijit Singh, 'Kabir Singh' dominate Spotify in 2019 |language=en |work=livemint.com |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/arijit-singh-kabir-singh-dominate-spotify-in-2019-11575371539890.html |url-status=live |accessdate=3 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203174800/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/arijit-singh-kabir-singh-dominate-spotify-in-2019-11575371539890.html |archive-date=3 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Both songs were listed in &quot;Best Hindi Songs of 2019&quot; by ''[[Rediff.com]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |title=10 BEST Hindi Songs of 2019 |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/special/-10-best-hindi-songs-of-2019/20191216.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228142627/https://m.rediff.com/movies/special/-10-best-hindi-songs-of-2019/20191216.htm |archive-date=2021-12-28 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Rediff |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Quint]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Goyal |first=Raghav |date=2019-12-20 |title=‘Coca-Cola’ to ‘Bekhayali’, the Most Popular Bollywood Songs 2019 |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/music/most-popular-bollywood-songs-2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101160925/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/music/most-popular-bollywood-songs-2019 |archive-date=2020-01-01 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Scroll.in'' and ''Firstpost''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Devarsi |date=2019-12-28 |title=Bollywood music 2019: ‘Kalank’ title track and ‘Bekhayali’ from ‘Kabir Singh’ among the best songs |url=https://scroll.in/reel/945628/bollywood-music-2019-kalank-title-track-and-bekhayali-from-kabir-singh-among-the-best-songs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128185400/https://scroll.in/reel/945628/bollywood-music-2019-kalank-title-track-and-bekhayali-from-kabir-singh-among-the-best-songs |archive-date=2020-01-28 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-12-31 |title=2019 in music streaming: Luka Chuppi, Kabir Singh emerge as biggest Indian albums, Old Town Road dominates US, UK charts |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/2019-in-music-streaming-luka-chuppi-kabir-singh-emerge-as-biggest-indian-albums-old-town-road-dominates-us-uk-charts-7844391.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726062517/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/2019-in-music-streaming-luka-chuppi-kabir-singh-emerge-as-biggest-indian-albums-old-town-road-dominates-us-uk-charts-7844391.html |archive-date=2020-07-26 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; By July 2020, the album crossed 1 billion streams in music platforms.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kabir Singh's Music Album Crosses 1 Billion Streams |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kabir-singhs-music-album-crosses-1-billion-streams-2257517 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707095350/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kabir-singhs-music-album-crosses-1-billion-streams-2257517 |archive-date=2020-07-07 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shahid Kapoors Kabir Singh crosses a billion streams on a popular music streaming platform |url=https://zeenews.india.com/music/shahid-kapoors-kabir-singh-crosses-a-billion-streams-on-a-popular-music-streaming-platform-2292975.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927162852/https://zeenews.india.com/music/shahid-kapoors-kabir-singh-crosses-a-billion-streams-on-a-popular-music-streaming-platform-2292975.html |archive-date=2020-09-27 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Zee News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Accolades ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Date of ceremony<br /> ! Award<br /> ! Category<br /> ! Recipient(s) and nominee(s)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Result<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[26th Screen Awards|8 December 2019]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Screen Awards]]<br /> | [[Screen Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]{{Efn|name=&quot;a&quot;|Shared with ''[[Gully Boy]]''.}}<br /> | [[Akhil Sachdeva]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Amaal Mallik]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Mithoon]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Sachet–Parampara]]<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=9 December 2019 |title=Screen Awards 2019 full winners list |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/screen-awards-2019-full-winners-list-ranveer-alia-ayushmann-bag-big-trophies-1626610-2019-12-09 |url-status=live |access-date=21 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225175239/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/screen-awards-2019-full-winners-list-ranveer-alia-ayushmann-bag-big-trophies-1626610-2019-12-09 |archive-date=25 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 December 2019 |title=Winners of Star Screen Awards 2019 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-star-screen-awards-2019/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320124008/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-star-screen-awards-2019/ |archive-date=20 March 2020 |access-date=21 February 2020 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Screen Award for Best Male Playback|Best Male Playback Singer]]<br /> | [[Sachet–Parampara|Sachet Tandon]] (&quot;[[Bekhayali]]&quot;)<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[65th Filmfare Awards|15 February 2020]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[Filmfare Awards]]<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]{{efn|name=&quot;a&quot;}}<br /> | Akhil Sachdeva&lt;br /&gt;Amaal Mallik&lt;br /&gt;Mithoon&lt;br /&gt;Vishal Mishra&lt;br /&gt;Sachet–Parampara<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nominations For 65th Amazon Filmfare Awards 2020 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/nominations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203105210/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/nominations |archive-date=3 February 2020 |access-date=18 February 2020 |website=Filmfare}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Winners Of The 65th Amazon Filmfare Awards 2020 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/winners |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301151334/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/winners |archive-date=1 March 2020 |access-date=18 February 2020 |website=Filmfare}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]<br /> | [[Irshad Kamil]] (&quot;Bekhayali&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mithoon (&quot;[[Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage]]&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]<br /> | Sachet Tandon (&quot;Bekhayali&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]<br /> | [[Shreya Ghoshal]] (&quot;Ye Aaina&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Sachet–Parampara|Parampara Thakur]] (&quot;Mere Sohneya&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| 19 February 2020<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| [[Mirchi Music Awards]]<br /> | [[Mirchi Music Award for Song of The Year|Song of The Year]]<br /> | &quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage&quot;<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nominations for the 12th Smule Mirchi Music Awards 2020 |url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2020/nominations-hindi-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228040630/http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2020/nominations-hindi-2020/ |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=20 February 2020 |website=Mirchi Music Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 February 2020 |title=12th Smule Mirchi Music Awards 2020: Complete list of winners |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/12th-smule-mirchi-music-awards-2020-complete-list-of-winners/articleshow/74213682.cms |url-status=live |access-date=20 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219184812/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/12th-smule-mirchi-music-awards-2020-complete-list-of-winners/articleshow/74213682.cms |archive-date=19 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Mirchi Music Award for Album of The Year|Album of The Year]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| ''Kabir Singh''<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Listeners' Choice Album of the Year<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Listeners' Choice Song of the Year<br /> | &quot;Bekhayali&quot;<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Mirchi Music Award for Male Vocalist of The Year|Male Vocalist of The Year]]<br /> | Arijit Singh (&quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Mirchi Music Award for Female Vocalist of The Year|Female Vocalist of The Year]]<br /> | Parampara Thakur (&quot;Mere Sohneya&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Mirchi Music Award for Music Composer of The Year|Music Composer of The Year]]<br /> | Mithoon (&quot;Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sachet–Parampara (&quot;Bekhayali&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Mirchi Music Award for Lyricist of The Year|Lyricist of The Year]]<br /> | Irshad Kamil (&quot;Bekhayali&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | 13 March 2020<br /> | [[Zee Cine Awards]]<br /> | [[Zee Cine Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]<br /> | Akhil Sachdeva&lt;br /&gt;Amaal Mallik&lt;br /&gt;Mithoon&lt;br /&gt;Vishal Mishra&lt;br /&gt;Sachet–Parampara<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 March 2020 |title=Zee Cine Awards 2020 Winners List |work=ABP News |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/zee-cine-awards-2020-winners-list-ranveer-singh-taapsee-pannu-ayushmann-khurrana-walk-away-with-trophies-1175146 |url-status=live |access-date=16 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315152606/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/zee-cine-awards-2020-winners-list-ranveer-singh-taapsee-pannu-ayushmann-khurrana-walk-away-with-trophies-1175146 |archive-date=15 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[21st IIFA Awards|24 November 2021]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]<br /> | [[IIFA Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]<br /> | Akhil Sachdeva&lt;br /&gt;Amaal Mallik&lt;br /&gt;Mithoon&lt;br /&gt;Vishal Mishra&lt;br /&gt;Sachet–Parampara<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IIFA Awards 2020: Here are the nominations! |url=https://www.iifa.com/blog/Xl-zhxEAACIAaNIf/iifa-awards-2020-here-are-the-nominations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505143844/https://www.iifa.com/blog/Xl-zhxEAACIAaNIf/iifa-awards-2020-here-are-the-nominations |archive-date=5 May 2020 |access-date=16 March 2020 |website=International Indian Film Academy Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[IIFA Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]<br /> | Sachet Tandon (&quot;Bekhayali&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]<br /> | Shreya Ghoshal (&quot;Ye Aaina&quot;)<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[IIFA Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]<br /> | Irshad Kamil (&quot;Bekhayali&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kumaar]] (&quot;Tera Ban Jaunga&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Track listing ==<br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = <br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | all_writing = <br /> | total_length = 42:27<br /> | title_width = 35%<br /> | lyrics_width = <br /> | music_width = <br /> | extra_width = 35%<br /> | title1 = [[Bekhayali]]<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Irshad Kamil]]<br /> | music1 = [[Sachet–Parampara]]<br /> | extra1 = Sachet Tandon<br /> | length1 = 6:11<br /> | title2 = Kaise Hua<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Manoj Muntashir]]<br /> | music2 = [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]<br /> | extra2 = Vishal Mishra<br /> | length2 = 3:54<br /> | title3 = [[Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage]]<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Mithoon]]<br /> | music3 = Mithoon<br /> | extra3 = [[Arijit Singh]]<br /> | length3 = 4:44<br /> | title4 = Mere Sohneya<br /> | lyrics4 = Irshad Kamil<br /> | music4 = Sachet–Parampara<br /> | extra4 = Sachet Tandon, Parampara Thakur<br /> | length4 = 3:13<br /> | title5 = Tera Ban Jaunga<br /> | lyrics5 = [[Kumaar]]<br /> | music5 = [[Akhil Sachdeva]]<br /> | extra5 = Akhil Sachdeva, [[Tulsi Kumar]]<br /> | length5 = 3:56<br /> | title6 = Yeh Aaina<br /> | lyrics6 = Irshad Kamil<br /> | music6 = [[Amaal Mallik]]<br /> | extra6 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]<br /> | length6 = 5:11<br /> | title7 = Pehla Pyaar<br /> | lyrics7 = Irshad Kamil<br /> | music7 = Vishal Mishra<br /> | extra7 = [[Armaan Malik]]<br /> | length7 = 4:32<br /> | title8 = Bekhayali<br /> | note8 = Version 2<br /> | lyrics8 = Irshad Kamil<br /> | music8 = Sachet–Parampara<br /> | extra8 = Arijit Singh<br /> | length8 = 6:10<br /> | title9 = Tujhe Kitna Chahein Aur<br /> | note9 = Film Version<br /> | lyrics9 = Mithoon<br /> | music9 = Mithoon<br /> | extra9 = [[Jubin Nautiyal]]<br /> | length9 = 4:36<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2019 soundtrack albums]]<br /> [[Category:T-Series (company) soundtracks]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi film soundtracks]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breast_augmentation&diff=437946 2023-11-20T20:08:31Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|Surgical procedure}} {{Infobox medical intervention | synonym = | image = Image:Dr. Placik Breast Augmentation.jpg | caption = The pre-operative aspects (left), and the post-operative aspects (right) of a bilateral, sub-muscular emplacement of 350&amp;nbsp;cc saline implants through an infra-mammary fold (IMF) incision | alt = | pronounce = | specialty = plastic surgeon | synonyms = | ICD10 = | ICD9 = | I...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Surgical procedure}}<br /> {{Infobox medical intervention<br /> | synonym =<br /> | image = Image:Dr. Placik Breast Augmentation.jpg<br /> | caption = The pre-operative aspects (left), and the post-operative aspects (right) of a bilateral, sub-muscular emplacement of 350&amp;nbsp;cc saline implants through an infra-mammary fold (IMF) incision<br /> | alt =<br /> | pronounce =<br /> | specialty = plastic surgeon<br /> | synonyms =<br /> | ICD10 =<br /> | ICD9 =<br /> | ICD9unlinked =<br /> | CPT =<br /> | MeshID =<br /> | LOINC =<br /> | other_codes =<br /> | MedlinePlus =<br /> | eMedicine =<br /> }}<br /> '''Breast augmentation''' and '''augmentation mammoplasty''' is a cosmetic surgery technique using [[Breast implant|breast-implant]]s and fat-graft [[mammoplasty]] techniques to increase the size, change the shape, and alter the texture of the breasts. Augmentation mammoplasty is applied to correct [[congenital defect]]s of the breasts and the chest wall.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} As an elective cosmetic surgery, primary augmentation changes the aesthetics{{snd}}of size, shape, and texture{{snd}}of healthy breasts.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=azizahmedabro |date=2023-01-05 |title=How Breast Augmentation can change the size, shape, and texture of your breasts |url=https://www.enfieldroyalsaudia.com/how-breast-augmentation-can-change-the-size-shape-and-texture-of-your-breasts/ |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=Enfield Royal Saudia |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The surgical implantation approach creates a [[sphere|spherical]] augmentation of the breast hemisphere, using a breast implant filled with either [[saline (medicine)|saline]] solution or [[silicone gel]]; the fat-graft transfer approach augments the size and corrects contour defects of the breast hemisphere with grafts of the [[Adipose tissue|adipocyte fat tissue]], drawn from the person's body.<br /> <br /> In a breast reconstruction procedure, a [[Tissue expansion|tissue expander]] (a temporary breast implant device) is sometimes put in place and inflated with saline to prepare (shape and enlarge) the recipient site (implant pocket) to receive and accommodate the breast implant prosthesis.<br /> <br /> In most instances of fat-graft breast augmentation, the increase is of modest volume, usually only one [[bra]] cup size or less, which is thought to be the physiological limit allowed by the metabolism of the human body.&lt;ref&gt;''Cell-assisted Lipotransfer for Cosmetic Breast Augmentation: Supportive Use of Adipose-Derived Stem/Stromal Cells'' (2007) {{Cite journal | last1 = Yoshimura | first1 = K. | last2 = Sato | first2 = K. | last3 = Aoi | first3 = N. | last4 = Kurita | first4 = M. | last5 = Hirohi | first5 = T. | last6 = Harii | first6 = K. | doi = 10.1007/s00266-007-9019-4 | title = Cell-Assisted Lipotransfer for Cosmetic Breast Augmentation: Supportive Use of Adipose-Derived Stem/Stromal Cells | journal = Aesthetic Plastic Surgery | volume = 32 | issue = 1 | pages = 48–55; discussion 56–7 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17763894 | pmc =2175019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Surgical breast augmentation==<br /> <br /> ===Breast implants===<br /> There are four types of implant:<br /> <br /> # Saline implants filled with sterile [[saline (medicine)|saline solution]].<br /> # Silicone implants filled with viscous [[silicone|silicone gel]].<br /> # Alternative-composition implants (no longer manufactured), filled with various fillers such as [[soy|soy oil]] or [[String breast implant|polypropylene string]].<br /> # &quot;Structured&quot; implants using nested elastomer silicone shells with saline between the shells.&lt;ref name=&quot;PRSINichter&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Saline breast implant====<br /> The saline breast implant, filled with [[Saline (medicine)|saline solution]], was first manufactured by the Laboratoires Arion company, in France, and introduced for use as a prosthetic [[medical device]] in 1964. Modern-day versions of saline breast implants are manufactured with thicker, room-temperature [[Vulcanization|vulcanized]] (RTV) shells made of a [[silicone]] [[elastomer]]. The study ''In vitro Deflation of Pre-filled Saline Breast Implants'' (2006) reported that the rates of deflation (filler leakage) of the pre-filled saline breast implant made it a second-choice prosthesis for &quot;corrective breast surgery&quot;.{{clarify|date=February 2020}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Stevens&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Stevens WG, Hirsch EM, Stoker DA, Cohen R |s2cid=41156555 |title=In vitro Deflation of Pre-filled Saline Breast Implants | journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | year=2006|pages=347–349| volume=118|issue=2|pmid=16874200|doi=10.1097/01.prs.0000227674.65284.80}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nonetheless, in the 1990s, the saline breast implant was mandated to be the prosthesis usual for breast augmentation surgery, the result of the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]]'s (FDA) temporary restriction against the importation of silicone-filled breast implants.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}<br /> <br /> The technical goal of saline-implant technique was a less-invasive surgical technique, by inserting an empty, rolled-up breast implant through a smaller surgical incision.&lt;ref name=&quot;Arion1965&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|author=Arion HG|title=Retromammary Prosthesis |journal=Comptes Rendus de la Société Française de Gynécologie | year=1965|volume=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; In surgical practice, after having installed the empty breast implants in the implant pockets, the plastic surgeon would then fill each device with saline solution through a [[one-way valve]] and, because the required insertion incisions were short and small, the resultant incision scars would be smaller and shorter than the surgical scars typical of the pre-filled, silicone-gel implant surgical technique.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=January 2004 |title=Saline-Filled Breast Implant Surgery: Making an Informed Decision |url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/plastic_reconstructive_surgery/_downloads/saline_filled_breast_implant_surgery_brochure.pdf |website=hopkinsmedicine.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> When compared with the results achieved with a silicone-gel breast implant, the saline implant can yield &quot;good-to-excellent&quot; results of increased breast size, a smoother hemisphere-contour, and realistic consistency; yet it is likelier to cause cosmetic problems, such as the rippling and the wrinkling of the breast-envelope skin, and technical problems, such as the implant's presence being noticeable to the eye and to the touch. The occurrence of such cosmetic problems is likelier in the case of a person with very little breast tissue; in the case of a person who requires [[Mastectomy|post-mastectomy]] breast reconstruction, the silicone-gel implant is the technically superior [[Prosthesis|prosthetic]] device for [[breast reconstruction]]. In the case of the person with much breast tissue, for whom sub-muscular placement is the recommended surgical approach, saline breast implants can give an aesthetic result much like that produced by silicone breast implants: an appearance of proportionate breast size, smooth contour, and realistic consistency.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | author = Eisenberg, TS | title = Silicone Gel Implants Are Back—So What? | journal = American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery | year = 2009 | volume = 26 | pages = 5–7 | doi=10.1177/074880680902600103| s2cid = 136191732 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Silicone-gel breast implant====<br /> The modern [[breast implant|prosthetic breast]] was invented in 1961, by the American [[Plastic surgery|plastic surgeons]] Thomas Cronin and Frank Gerow, and manufactured by the [[Dow Corning Corporation]]; in due course, the first augmentation mammoplasty was performed in 1962.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The History of Breast Aesthetics |url=https://polytech-health-aesthetics.com/en/blog/article/history-breast-aesthetics/ |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=polytech-health-aesthetics.com |date=19 January 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; There are five generations of [[medical device]] [[technology]] for the breast-implant models filled with silicone gel; each generation of breast prosthesis is defined by common model-manufacturing techniques.<br /> <br /> ====First generation====<br /> <br /> The Cronin–Gerow implant, prosthesis model 1963, was a silicone rubber envelope-sack, shaped like a teardrop, which was filled with viscous silicone-gel.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Development of Silicone Breast Implants for Use in Breast Augmentation Surgeries in the United States {{!}} The Embryo Project Encyclopedia |url=https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/development-silicone-breast-implants-use-breast-augmentation-surgeries-united-states |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=embryo.asu.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; To reduce the rotation of the emplaced breast-implant upon the chest wall, the model 1963 prosthesis was affixed to the implant pocket with a fastener-patch, made of Dacron material ([[polyethylene terephthalate]]), which was attached to the rear of the breast implant shell.&lt;ref name=Cronin_1963&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Cronin TD, Gerow FJ | title = Augmentation Mammaplasty: A New &quot;natural feel&quot; Prosthesis | journal = Excerpta Medica International Congress Series | year = 1963 | volume = 66 | page = 41}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Second generation====<br /> <br /> In the 1970s, manufacturers offered the second generation of breast implant prostheses<br /> * The first developments were a thinner-gauge implant shell, and a filler gel of low-cohesion silicone, which made the devices more functional and realistic (size, appearance, and [[consistency]]). Yet, in clinical practice, second-generation breast implants proved fragile, with greater rates of shell rupture and filler leakage (&quot;silicone-gel bleed&quot;) through the &quot;intact device's shell. The consequences, plus increased rates of [[capsular contracture]], precipitated faulty product [[Class action|class action-lawsuits]] by the U.S. government against the Dow Corning Corporation and other manufacturers of breast prostheses.<br /> * The second technological development was a [[polyurethane|polyurethane foam coating]] for the shell of the implant; the coating reduced the degree of capsular contracture by causing an [[Inflammation|inflammatory reaction]] that impeded the formation of a capsule of fibrous [[collagen]] tissue around the coated device. Nevertheless, despite the intentions behind the polyurethane foam coating, the medical use of polyurethane-coated breast implants was briefly discontinued due to the potential health risk posed by 2,4-toluenediamine (TDA), a [[carcinogen]]ic by-product of the chemical breakdown of the polyurethane foam coating of the breast implant.&lt;ref name=&quot;Luu11998&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Luu HM, Hutter JC, Bushar HF | title=A Physiologically based Pharmacokinetic Model for 2,4-toluenediamine Leached from Polyurethane foam-covered Breast Implants | journal=Environ Health Perspect | year=1998 | pages=393–400 | volume=106 | issue=7 | pmid=9637796 | doi=10.2307/3434066 | pmc=1533137 | jstor=3434066}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{pb}} After reviewing the medical data, the FDA concluded that TDA-induced [[breast cancer]] was an infinitesimal health risk to anyone with breast implants, and did not justify legally requiring physicians to explain the matter to their patients. Ultimately, polyurethane-coated breast implants remain in plastic surgery practice in Europe and in South America; no manufacturer has sought FDA approval for medical sales of such breast implants in the U.S.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Hester TR Jr |author2=Tebbetts JB |author3=Maxwell GP | title=The Polyurethane-covered Mammary Prosthesis: Facts and Fiction (II): A Look Back and a &quot;peek&quot; Ahead | journal=Clinical Plastic Surgery | year=2001 | pages=579–86 | volume=28 | issue=3 |doi=10.1016/S0094-1298(20)32397-X | pmid=11471963}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The third technological development was the double-lumen breast implant, a double-cavity prosthesis composed of a silicone breast implant contained within a saline breast implant. The two-fold, technical goal was: (i) the cosmetic benefits of silicone gel (the inner lumen) enclosed in saline solution (the outer lumen); (ii) a breast implant whose volume is post-operatively adjustable. unfortunately, the more complex design of the double-lumen breast implant had a device-failure rate greater than that of single-lumen breast implants. This style of implant, in modern times, is primarily used for [[Reconstructive surgery|breast reconstruction]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=March 2022 |title=History of breast implants: Back to the future |journal=JPRAS Open |pmid=35434240 |pmc=9006741 |last1=Di Pompeo |first1=F. S. |last2=Paolini |first2=G. |last3=Firmani |first3=G. |last4=Sorotos |first4=M. |volume=32 |pages=166–177 |doi=10.1016/j.jpra.2022.02.004 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Third and fourth generations====<br /> <br /> In the 1980s, the third- and fourth-generation implants were stepwise advances in manufacturing technology, such as [[elastomer]]-coated shells that decreased gel bleed (filler leakage), and a thicker, increased-cohesion filler gel. The manufacturers of implantable breast prostheses then designed and made anatomic models (like the natural breast) and &quot;shaped&quot; models, which realistically corresponded with the breast and body types of actual women. The tapered models of breast implant have a uniformly textured surface, to reduce rotation of the prosthesis within the implant pocket; round models of breast implant are available in both smooth-surface and textured-surface models, as rotation is not an issue.<br /> <br /> ====Fifth generation====<br /> <br /> Since the mid-1990s, the fifth generation of silicone gel breast implant is made of a semi-solid gel, which mostly eliminates the occurrences of filler leakage (&quot;silicone-gel bleed&quot;) and of the migration of the silicone filler from the implant-pocket to other areas of the person's body. The studies ''Experience with Anatomical Soft Cohesive Silicone gel Prosthesis in Cosmetic and Reconstructive Breast Implant Surgery'' (2004) and ''Cohesive Silicone gel Breast Implants in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery'' (2005) reported relatively lower rates of [[capsular contracture]] and of device-shell rupture, and relatively greater rates of &quot;medical safety&quot; and &quot;technical efficacy&quot; than those of early-generation breast implants.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1097/01.prs.0000176259.66948.e7 | last1 = Brown | first1 = M. H. | last2 = Shenker | first2 = R. | last3 = Silver | first3 = S. A. | title = Cohesive silicone gel breast implants in aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 116 | issue = 3 | pages = 768–779; discussion 779–1 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16141814| s2cid = 35392851 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Fruhstorfer | first1 = B. H. | last2 = Hodgson | first2 = E. L. | last3 = Malata | first3 = C. M. | s2cid = 24661896 | title = Early experience with an anatomical soft cohesive silicone gel prosthesis in cosmetic and reconstructive breast implant surgery | journal = Annals of Plastic Surgery | volume = 53 | issue = 6 | pages = 536–542 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15602249 | doi=10.1097/01.sap.0000134508.43550.6f}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Hedén | first1 = P. | last2 = Jernbeck | first2 = J. | last3 = Hober | first3 = M. | title = Breast augmentation with anatomical cohesive gel implants: The world's largest current experience | journal = Clinics in Plastic Surgery | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 531–552 | year = 2001 | doi = 10.1016/S0094-1298(20)32393-2 | pmid = 11471959}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Alternative-composition implants====<br /> <br /> Saline and silicone gel are the most common types of breast implant used in the world today.&lt;ref name=&quot;TalesForTaglicozzi&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Zannis |first1=John |title=Tales for Tagliacozzi: An Inside Look at Modern-Day Plastic Surgery |date=2017 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=9781524659073 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z9YADgAAQBAJ&amp;q=Alternative-composition+implants+soy&amp;pg=PT19 |access-date=2 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Alternative-composition implants have largely been discontinued. These implants featured fillers such as soy oil and polypropylene string. Other discontinued materials include ox [[cartilage]], [[Terylene]] &quot;wool&quot;, ground [[rubber]], [[silastic]] rubber, and [[Teflon]]-silicone prostheses.&lt;ref name=&quot;TalesForTaglicozzi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ====&quot;Structured&quot; implants====<br /> <br /> Structured implants were approved by the FDA and Health Canada in 2014 as a fourth category of breast implant.&lt;ref name=&quot;PRSINichter&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Nichter |first1=Larry S. |last2=Hardesty |first2=Robert A. |last3=Anigian |first3=Gregg M. |title=IDEAL IMPLANT Structured Breast Implants: Core Study Results at 6 Years |journal= Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery|volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=66–75 |date=July 2018 |doi=10.1097/PRS.0000000000004460 |pmid=29489559 |pmc=6045953 }}&lt;/ref&gt; These implants incorporate both saline and silicone gel implant technology. The filler is saline solution, in case of rupture, and has a natural feel, like silicone gel implants.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=What types of breast implants are available? |url=https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/breast-augmentation/implants |publisher=American Society of Plastic Surgeons}}&lt;/ref&gt; This implant type uses an internal structure consisting of three nested silicone rubber &quot;shells&quot; that support the upper half of the breast, with the two spaces between the three shells filled with saline. The implant is inserted, empty, then filled once in place, which requires a smaller incision than a pre-filled implant.&lt;ref name=&quot;PRSINichter&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Implants and breastfeeding===<br /> The breasts are [[Apocrine|apocrine glands]] which produce [[milk]] for the feeding of infant children,&lt;ref name=&quot;Tortora, Gerard J.&quot;&gt;Tortora, Gerard J. ''Introduction to the Human Body'', Fifth Edition. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.: New York, 2001. p. 560.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Breast anatomy normal scheme.png|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Breast augmentation: cross-section scheme of the [[mammary gland]]. {{ordered list |[[Chest wall]] |[[Pectoralis muscle]]s |[[Lobules]] |[[Nipple]] |[[Areola]] |[[Lactiferous duct|Milk duct]] |[[Adipose tissue|Fatty tissue]] |[[Human skin|Skin envelope]]}}]]<br /> <br /> [[File:Asymmetric breastfeeding latch.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|A functional breast: a mammary gland feeding an infant child.]]<br /> <br /> ====Breast implant toxicity====<br /> Digestive tract contamination and systemic toxicity due to the leakage of breast implant filler to the breast milk are the principal infant-health concerns with breast implants. Breast implant fillers are biologically inert: [[silicone]] filler is [[Digestion|indigestible]] and saline filler is mostly salt and water. Each of these substances should be chemically inert and present in the environment.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}&lt;!--sources must somehow make the doubtful case that silicones are ubiquitous in modern life--&gt; Moreover, &quot;proponent&quot; physicians have stated that there &quot;should be no absolute contraindication to breast-feeding by women with silicone breast implants.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Berlin, C. M. |title=Silicone Breast Implants and Breast-feeding|journal= Pediatrics |year=1994|volume= 94|pages=546–549|pmid=7936870|issue=4 Pt 1|doi=10.1542/peds.94.4.547|s2cid=245120428}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the early 1990s, at the beginning of the silicone gel breast implant illness panic, small-scale, non-randomized studies indicated possible breast-feeding complications from silicone implants; no one study was able to demonstrate disease causality due to implants.&lt;ref name=&quot;berlin1996&quot;&gt;Berlin, Cheston M. Jr. [http://www.llli.org/ba/Feb96.html Silicone Breast Implants and Breastfeeding] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231065024/http://www.llli.org/ba/Feb96.html |date=2010-12-31 }}, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania; from Breastfeeding Abstracts. February 1996, Volume 15, Number 3, pp. 17–18.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Impediments to breastfeeding====<br /> <br /> A person with breast implants is usually able to [[Breastfeeding|breastfeed]] an infant; yet implants can cause functional breastfeeding difficulties, especially with [[mammoplasty]] procedures that involve cutting around the areola, and implant placement directly beneath the breast, which tend to cause greater breast-feeding difficulties. Patients are advised to select a procedure which causes the least damage to the [[lactiferous duct]]s and the nerves of the nipple-areola complex (NAC).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.llli.org/NB/NBsurgery.html Breastfeeding after Breast Surgery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230173437/http://www.llli.org/NB/NBsurgery.html |date=2010-12-30 }}, La Leche League (2009-09-05).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.llli.org/cbi/bibimplant.html Breastfeeding and Breast Implants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231121338/http://www.llli.org/cbi/bibimplant.html |date=2010-12-31 }}, Selected Bibliography April 2003, LLLI Center for Breastfeeding Information.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;slate&quot;&gt;Beam, Christopher (2009-12-11). [http://slate.com-Il.info/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2009/12/inorganic_milk.html Inorganic Milk: Can Kendra Wilkinson breast-feed her baby even though she has implants?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507045146/http://slate.com-il.info/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2009/12/inorganic_milk.html |date=2016-05-07 }}, [[Slate.com]].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Functional breastfeeding difficulties arise if the surgeon cuts the milk ducts or the major nerves innervating the breast, or if the milk glands are otherwise damaged. Some surgical approaches, including IMF (inframammary fold), TABA (trans-axillary breast augmentation), and TUBA ([[trans-umbilical breast augmentation]]), avoid the tissue of the nipple-areola complex; if the person is concerned about possible breast-feeding difficulties, the periareolar incisions can sometimes be made so as to reduce damage to the milk ducts and to the nerves of the NAC. The milk glands are affected most by subglandular implants (under the gland), and by large-sized breast implants, which pinch the lactiferous ducts and impede milk flow. Small-sized breast implants, and submuscular implantation, cause fewer breast function problems; however, some women have managed to successfully breastfeed after undergoing periareolar incisions and subglandular emplacement.&lt;ref name=&quot;slate&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==The patient==<br /> {{Further|Body dysmorphic disorder|Body image|Beauty}}<br /> <br /> ===Psychology===<br /> The studies ''Body Image Concerns of Breast Augmentation Patients'' (2003) and ''Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Cosmetic Surgery'' (2006) reported that the woman who underwent breast augmentation surgery also had undergone [[psychotherapy]], had low [[self-esteem]], presented frequent occurrences of [[Depression (mood)|psychological depression]], had attempted [[suicide]], and had [[body dysmorphia]]{{snd}}a type of mental illness wherein she perceives non-existent physical defects. Post-operative patient surveys about the mental health and the quality of life of the women, reported improved physical health, physical appearance, social life, self-confidence, self-esteem, and satisfactory [[sexual attraction|sexual functioning]]. Furthermore, most of the women reported long-term satisfaction with their breast implants; some despite having had medical complications that required surgical revision, either corrective or aesthetic. Likewise, in Denmark, 8.0 percent of breast augmentation patients had a pre-operative history of psychiatric hospitalization.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brinton2000&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Brinton L, Brown S, Colton T, Burich M, Lubin J |title = Characteristics of a Population of Women with Breast Implants Compared with Women Seeking other Types of Plastic Surgery|journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery|volume = 105|issue=3|pages=919–927|year=2000|pmid=10724251|doi=10.1097/00006534-200003000-00014|s2cid = 32599107|url = https://zenodo.org/record/1234820}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobsen PH 2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Jacobsen | first1 = P. H. | last2 = Hölmich | first2 = L. R. | last3 = McLaughlin | first3 = J. K. | last4 = Johansen | first4 = C. | last5 = Olsen | first5 = J. H. | last6 = Kjøller | first6 = K. | last7 = Friis | first7 = S. | title = Mortality and Suicide Among Danish Women with Cosmetic Breast Implants | doi = 10.1001/archinte.164.22.2450 | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 164 | issue = 22 | pages = 2450–2455 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15596635 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Young1994&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1097/00006534-199412000-00009 | last1 = Young | first1 = V. L. | last2 = Nemecek | first2 = J. R. | last3 = Nemecek | first3 = D. A. | title = The efficacy of breast augmentation: Breast size increase, patient satisfaction, and psychological effects | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 94 | issue = 7 | pages = 958–969 | year = 1994 | pmid = 7972484| s2cid = 753343 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Crerand 2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Crerand | first1 = C. E. | last2 = Franklin | first2 = M. E. | last3 = Sarwer | first3 = D. B. | doi = 10.1097/01.prs.0000242500.28431.24 | title = Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Cosmetic Surgery | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 118 | issue = 7 | pages = 167e–180e | year = 2006 | pmid = 17102719 | s2cid = 8925060 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sarwer2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Sarwer | first1 = D. B. | last2 = Larossa | first2 = D. | last3 = Bartlett | first3 = S. P. | last4 = Low | first4 = D. W. | last5 = Bucky | first5 = L. P. | last6 = Whitaker | first6 = L. A. | doi = 10.1097/01.PRS.0000066005.07796.51 | title = Body Image Concerns of Breast Augmentation Patients | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 112 | issue = 1 | pages = 83–90 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12832880 | s2cid = 45574374 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;chahraoui2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Chahraoui | first1 = K. | last2 = Danino | first2 = A. | last3 = Frachebois | first3 = C. | last4 = Clerc | first4 = A. S. | last5 = Malka | first5 = G. | title = Chirurgie esthétique et qualité de vie subjective avant et quatre mois après l'opération | doi = 10.1016/j.anplas.2005.07.010 | journal = Annales de Chirurgie Plastique et Esthétique | volume = 51 | issue = 3 | pages = 207–210 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16181718 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cash2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Cash | first1 = T. F. | last2 = Duel | first2 = L. A. | last3 = Perkins | first3 = L. L. | title = Women's psychosocial outcomes of breast augmentation with silicone gel-filled implants: A 2-year prospective study | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 109 | issue = 6 | pages = 2112–2121; discussion 2121–3 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11994621 | doi=10.1097/00006534-200205000-00049}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Haas2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Figueroa-Haas | first1 = C. L. | title = Effect of breast augmentation mammoplasty on self-esteem and sexuality: A quantitative analysis | journal = Plastic Surgical Nursing | volume = 27 | issue = 1 | pages = 16–36 | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1097/01.PSN.0000264159.30505.c9 | pmid = 17356451 | s2cid = 23169107 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=AUG_2006&gt;{{cite web | title=Important Information for Women About Breast Augmentation with Inamed Silicone Gel-Filled Implants | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | year=2006 | url = https://www.fda.gov/cdrh/pdf2/P020056d.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070103050703/https://www.fda.gov/cdrh/pdf2/P020056d.pdf | archive-date=2007-01-03 | access-date=2007-05-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HandelN&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Handel | first1 = N. | last2 = Cordray | first2 = T. | last3 = Gutierrez | first3 = J. | last4 = Jensen | first4 = J. A. | s2cid = 15228702 | title = A Long-Term Study of Outcomes, Complications, and Patient Satisfaction with Breast Implants | doi = 10.1097/01.prs.0000201457.00772.1d | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 117 | issue = 3 | pages = 757–767; discussion 767–72 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16525261 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{excessive citations inline|date=January 2023}}<br /> <br /> ===Women bodybuilders===<br /> [[Image:Nikki Fuller.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.8|Breast augmentation is an occasional recourse for women bodybuilders to retain the female figure lost when achieving a lean and muscular physique. (professional bodybuilder [[Nikki Fuller]])]]<br /> The Cosmeticsurgery.com article ''They Need Bosoms, too{{snd}}Women Weight Lifters'' (2013) reported that women weight-lifters have resorted to breast augmentation surgery to maintain a feminine physique, and so compensate for the loss of breast mass consequent to the increased lean-body mass and decreased body-fat consequent to [[Female bodybuilding|lifting weights]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cosmeticsurgery.com/articles/archive/an~83/ They Need Bosoms, too – Women Weight Lifters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022170805/http://www.cosmeticsurgery.com/articles/archive/an~83/ |date=2016-10-22 }}, ''Cosmeticsurgery.com''&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Mental health===<br /> The [[longitudinal study]] ''Excess Mortality from Suicide and other External Causes of Death Among Women with Cosmetic Breast Implants'' (2007), reported that women who sought breast implants are almost 3.0 times as likely to commit suicide as are women who have not sought breast implants. Compared to the standard suicide-rate for women of the general populace, the suicide-rate for women with augmented breasts remained alike until 10-years post-implantation, yet it increased to 4.5 times greater at the 11-year mark, and so remained until the 19-year mark, when it increased to 6.0 times greater at 20-years post-implantation. Moreover, additional to the suicide risk, women with [[breast implant]]s also faced a trebled death risk from [[alcoholism]] and drugs abuse (prescription and recreational).&lt;ref name=&quot;reuters.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUSN0836919020070808?rpc=22&amp;sp=true | work=Reuters | title=Breast Implants Linked with Suicide in Study | date=2007-08-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;usatoday.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2007-08-06-breast-implants_N.htm | work=USA Today | title=Breast Implants Linked to Higher Suicide Rates | first=Anita | last=Manning | date=2007-08-06 | access-date=2010-04-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; Although seven studies have statistically connected a woman's undergoing a breast augmentation procedure to a greater suicide rate, the research indicates that augmentation&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2015-03-15 |title=Characteristics of Women Who Have Had Cosmetic Breast Implants That Could Be Associated with Increased Suicide Risk: A Systematic Review, Proposing a Suicide Prevention Model |pmc=4366693 |last1=Manoloudakis |first1=N. |last2=Labiris |first2=G. |last3=Karakitsou |first3=N. |last4=Kim |first4=J. B. |last5=Sheena |first5=Y. |last6=Niakas |first6=D. |journal=Archives of Plastic Surgery |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=131–142 |doi=10.5999/aps.2015.42.2.131 |pmid=25798383 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sarwer |first1=David B. |last2=Brown |first2=Gregory K. |last3=Evans |first3=Dwight L. |date=July 2007 |title=Cosmetic breast augmentation and suicide |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17606650/ |journal=The American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=164 |issue=7 |pages=1006–1013 |doi=10.1176/ajp.2007.164.7.1006 |issn=0002-953X |pmid=17606650}}&lt;/ref&gt; surgery does not increase the suicide rate; and that, in the first instance, it is the [[psychopathology|psychopathologically]] inclined woman who is likelier to undergo breast augmentation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Brinton | first1 = L. A. | last2 = Lubin | first2 = J. H. | last3 = Burich | first3 = M. C. | last4 = Colton | first4 = T. | last5 = Hoover | first5 = R. N. | title = Mortality among augmentation mammoplasty patients | journal = Epidemiology | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 321–326 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11337605 | doi=10.1097/00001648-200105000-00012| doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Koot | first1 = V. C. M. | last2 = Peeters | first2 = P. H. | last3 = Granath | first3 = F. | last4 = Grobbee | first4 = D. E. | last5 = Nyren | first5 = O. | title = Total and cause specific mortality among Swedish women with cosmetic breast implants: Prospective study | doi = 10.1136/bmj.326.7388.527 | journal = BMJ | volume = 326 | issue = 7388 | pages = 527–528 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12623911 | pmc =150462 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Pukkala | first1 = E. | last2 = Kulmala | first2 = I. | last3 = Hovi | first3 = S. L. | last4 = Hemminki | first4 = E. | last5 = Keskimäki | first5 = I. | last6 = Lipworth | first6 = L. | last7 = Boice | first7 = J. D. | last8 = McLaughlin | first8 = J. K. | last9 = McLaughlin | doi = 10.1097/01.sap.0000080407.97677.A5 | first9 = J. K. | title = Causes of Death Among Finnish Women with Cosmetic Breast Implants, 1971–2001 | journal = Annals of Plastic Surgery | volume = 51 | issue = 4 | pages = 339–342; discussion 342–4 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14520056 | s2cid = 34929987 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Villenueve2006&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid16477256&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Brinton | first1 = L. A. | last2 = Lubin | first2 = J. H. | last3 = Murray | first3 = M. C. | last4 = Colton | first4 = T. | last5 = Hoover | first5 = R. N. | title = Mortality Rates Among Augmentation Mammoplasty Patients | doi = 10.1097/01.ede.0000197056.84629.19 | journal = Epidemiology | volume = 17 | issue = 2 | pages = 162–169 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16477256 | s2cid = 22285852 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;National Plastic Surgery Procedural Statistics, 2006. Arlington Heights, Illinois, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, 2007&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Moreover, the study ''Effect of Breast Augmentation Mammoplasty on Self-Esteem and Sexuality: A Quantitative Analysis'' (2007), reported that the women attributed their improved self-esteem, self-image, and increased, satisfactory sexual functioning to having undergone breast augmentation; the cohort, aged 21–57 years, averaged post-operative self-esteem increases ranging from 20.7 to 24.9 points on the 30-point [[Rosenberg self-esteem scale]], which data supported the 78.6 percent increase in the woman's [[libido]], relative to her pre-operative level of libido. Therefore, before agreeing to any surgical procedure, the plastic surgeon evaluates and considers the woman's [[mental health]] to determine if breast implants can positively affect her self-esteem and [[Sexual function|sexual functioning]].&lt;ref&gt;Nauert, Rick. (2007-03-23) [http://psychcentral.com/news/2007/03/23/plastic-surgery-helps-self-esteem/703.html Plastic Surgery Helps Self-Esteem | Psych Central News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619034928/http://psychcentral.com/news/2007/03/23/plastic-surgery-helps-self-esteem/703.html |date=2010-06-19 }}. Psychcentral.com. Retrieved on 2012-07-15.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Surgical procedures==<br /> <br /> ===Indications===<br /> [[File:Mastectomie 02.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Breast augmentation: The post-operative aspect of a right-breast cancer [[mastectomy]]; the woman is a candidate for a primary breast reconstruction with a breast implant.]]<br /> <br /> An augmentation mammoplasty for emplacing [[breast implant]]s has three therapeutic purposes:<br /> <br /> # Primary reconstruction: to replace breast tissues damaged by [[Trauma (medicine)|trauma]] ([[blunt trauma|blunt]], [[penetrating trauma|penetrating]], [[blast injury|blast]]), disease ([[breast cancer]]), and failed anatomic development ([[tuberous breast|tuberous breast deformity]]).<br /> # Revision and reconstruction: to revise (correct) the outcome of a previous breast reconstruction surgery.<br /> # Primary augmentation: to aesthetically augment the size, form, and feel of the [[breast]]s.<br /> <br /> The [[operating room]] time of post–[[mastectomy]] [[breast reconstruction]], and of breast augmentation surgery is determined by the emplacement procedure employed, the type of incisional technique, the breast implant (type and materials), and the pectoral locale of the implant pocket.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Brustvergrösserung|url=http://www.plasticsurgerydubaiuae.com/services/breast/breast-augmentation/|publisher=plasticsurgerydubaiuae.com|access-date=9 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819160918/http://www.plasticsurgerydubaiuae.com/services/breast/breast-augmentation/|archive-date=19 August 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Incision types===<br /> The emplacement of a breast implant device is performed with five types of [[surgery|surgical]] incisions:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kearneymd.com/procedures/breast-enhancement/breast-augmentation/|title=Breast Augmentation|last=Kearney|first=Robert|date=14 January 2010|publisher=Robert Kearney MD FACS|access-date=6 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> # Inframammary: an incision made below the breast, in the [[inframammary fold]] (IMF), which affords maximal access for precise dissection and emplacement of the breast implant devices. It is the preferred surgical technique for emplacing silicone-gel implants, because of the longer incisions required; yet, IMF implantation can produce thicker, slightly more visible surgical scars.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=Spring 2008 |title=Minimal inframammary incision for breast augmentation |pmc=2690624 |last1=Fanous |first1=N. |last2=Tawilé |first2=C. |last3=Brousseau |first3=V. J. |journal=The Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=14–17 |doi=10.1177/229255030801600109 |pmid=19554159 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # Periareolar: an incision made along the [[areola]]r periphery (border), which provides an optimal approach when adjustments to the IMF position are required, or when a [[mastopexy]] (breast lift) is included to the primary mammoplasty procedure. In the periareolar emplacement method, the incision is around the medial-half (inferior half) of the areola's circumference. Silicone-gel implants can be difficult to emplace with this incision, because of the short, five-centimetre length (~ 5.0&amp;nbsp;cm.) of the required access-incision. Aesthetically, because the scars are at the areola's border, they usually are less visible than the IMF-incision scars of women with light-pigment areolae. Furthermore, periareolar implantation produces a greater incidence of [[capsular contracture]], severs the [[milk duct]]s and the [[nerve]]s to the nipple, thus causes the most post-operative functional problems, e.g. impeded [[breastfeeding]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=July 2021 |title=The Periareolar Approach: All Seasons Technique for Multiple Breast Conditions |pmc=8376345 |last1=Klinger |first1=M. |last2=Vinci |first2=V. |last3=Giannasi |first3=S. |last4=Bandi |first4=V. |last5=Veronesi |first5=A. |last6=Maione |first6=L. |last7=Catania |first7=B. |last8=Lisa |first8=A. |last9=Cornegliani |first9=G. |last10=Giaccone |first10=M. |last11=Siliprandi |first11=M. |last12=Battistini |first12=A. |last13=Barbera |first13=F. |last14=Tinterri |first14=C. |last15=Testori |first15=A. |last16=Caviggioli |first16=F. |last17=Klinger |first17=F. |journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open |volume=9 |issue=7 |pages=e3693 |doi=10.1097/GOX.0000000000003693 |pmid=34422516 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # Transaxillary: an incision made to the axilla (armpit), from which the dissection tunnels medially, thus allows emplacing the implants without producing visible scars upon the breast proper; yet is likelier to produce inferior asymmetry of the implant-device position. Therefore, surgical revision of transaxillary emplaced breast implants usually requires either an IMF incision or a periareolar incision. Transaxillary emplacement can be performed bluntly or with an [[endoscope]] (illuminated video microcamera).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=September 2014 |title=Transaxillary Endoscopic Breast Augmentation |pmc=4179347 |last1=Sim |first1=H. B. |journal=Archives of Plastic Surgery |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=458–465 |doi=10.5999/aps.2014.41.5.458 |pmid=25276635 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # Transumbilical: a [[trans-umbilical breast augmentation]] (TUBA) is a less common implant-device insertion technique wherein the incision is at the [[navel]], and the dissection tunnels superiorly. This surgical approach enables emplacing the breast implants without producing visible scars upon the breast; but it makes appropriate dissection and device-emplacement more technically difficult. A TUBA procedure is performed bluntly{{snd}}without the endoscope's visual assistance{{snd}}and is not appropriate for emplacing (pre-filled) silicone-gel implants, because of the great potential for damaging the elastomer silicone shell of the breast-implant device during its manual insertion through the short{{snd}}two-centimetre (~2.0&amp;nbsp;cm.){{snd}}incision at the navel, and because pre-filled silicone-gel implants are incompressible, and cannot be inserted through so small an incision.&lt;ref name=&quot;johnson&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Johnson | first1 = G. W. | last2 = Christ | first2 = J. E. | title = The endoscopic breast augmentation: The transumbilical insertion of saline-filled breast implants | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 92 | issue = 5 | pages = 801–808 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8415961 | doi=10.1097/00006534-199392050-00004}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # Transabdominal{{snd}}as in the TUBA procedure, in the transabdominoplasty breast augmentation (TABA), the breast implants are tunneled superiorly from the abdominal incision into bluntly dissected implant pockets, while the patient simultaneously undergoes an [[abdominoplasty]].&lt;ref name=&quot;TABA&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Wallach | first1 = S. G. | title = Maximizing the Use of the Abdominoplasty Incision | doi = 10.1097/01.PRS.0000091422.11191.1A | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 113 | issue = 1 | pages = 411–417; discussion 417 | year = 2004 | pmid = 14707667 | s2cid = 44430032 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Implant pocket placement===<br /> The four surgical approaches to emplacing a breast implant to the implant pocket are described in [[Human anatomy|anatomical]] relation to the [[pectoralis major muscle]].<br /> <br /> # Subglandular{{snd}}The breast implant is emplaced to the [[retromammary space]], between the [[Mammary gland|breast tissue]] (the mammary gland) and the [[pectoralis major muscle]] (major muscle of the chest), which most approximates the plane of normal breast tissue, and affords the most aesthetic results. Yet, in women with thin pectoral soft-tissue, the subglandular position is likelier to show the ripples and wrinkles of the underlying implant. Moreover, the [[capsular contracture]] incidence rate is slightly greater with subglandular implantation.<br /> # Subfascial{{snd}}The breast implant is emplaced beneath the [[fascia]] of the pectoralis major muscle; the subfascial position is a variant of the subglandular position for the breast implant.&lt;ref name=&quot;Graf&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author=Graf RM | title=Subfascial Breast Implant: A New Procedure | journal= Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | year=2003 | pages=904–908 | volume=111 | issue=2 | pmid=12560720 | doi=10.1097/01.PRS.0000041601.59651.15 |name-list-style=vanc | display-authors=1 | last2=Bernardes | first2=Afranio | last3=Rippel | first3=Ronald | last4=Araujo | first4=Luiz Roberto R. | last5=Damasio | first5=Rosana Cristina Costa | last6=Auersvald | first6=Andre}}&lt;/ref&gt; The technical advantages of the subfascial implant-pocket technique are debated; proponent surgeons report that the layer of [[Fascia|fascial tissue]] provides greater implant coverage and better sustains its position.&lt;ref name=&quot;subfascial&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author=Tebbetts JB| title=Does Fascia Provide Additional, Meaningful Coverage over a Breast Implant?| journal= Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | year=2004 | pages=777–779 | volume=113 | issue=2 | pmid=14758271| doi=10.1097/01.PRS.0000104516.13465.96}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # Subpectoral (dual plane){{snd}}The breast implant is inserted beneath the pectoralis major muscle, after the surgeon releases the inferior muscular attachments, with or without partial dissection of the subglandular plane. Resultantly, the upper half of the implant is partially beneath the pectoralis major muscle, while the lower half of the implant is in the subglandular plane. This implantation technique achieves maximal coverage of the upper half of the implant, while allowing the expansion of the implant's lower half; however, &quot;animation deformity&quot;, the movement of the implants in the subpectoral plane can be excessive for some patients.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tebbettsdual&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author=Tebbetts T | s2cid=33418455| title=A System for Breast Implant Selection Based on Patient Tissue Characteristics and Implant-soft tissue Dynamics| journal= Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | year=2002 | pages=1396–1409 | volume=109 | issue=4 | pmid=11964998 | doi=10.1097/00006534-200204010-00030}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # Submuscular{{snd}}The breast implant is emplaced beneath the pectoralis major muscle, without releasing the inferior origin of the muscle proper. Total muscular coverage of the implant can be achieved by releasing the lateral muscles of the chest wall{{snd}}either the [[serratus muscle]] or the [[pectoralis minor muscle]], or both{{snd}}and [[Surgical suture|suturing]] it, or them, to the pectoralis major muscle. In [[breast reconstruction]] surgery, the submuscular implantation approach effects maximal coverage of the breast implants.<br /> <br /> ===Post-surgical recovery===<br /> The [[surgery|surgical]] [[scar]]s of a breast augmentation [[mammoplasty]] heal at 6-weeks post-operative, and fade within several months, according to the skin type of the woman. Depending upon the daily physical activity the woman might require, the augmentation mammoplasty patient usually resumes her normal life activities at about 1-week post-operative. The woman who underwent submuscular implantation (beneath the [[pectoralis major]] muscles) usually has a longer post–operative convalescence, and experiences more pain, because of the healing of the deep-tissue cuts into the chest muscles for the breast augmentation. The patient usually does not exercise or engage in strenuous physical activities for about six weeks. Moreover, during the initial convalescence, the patient is encouraged to regularly exercise (flex and move) her arms to alleviate pain and discomfort; and, as required, [[analgesic]] medication catheters for alleviating pain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Pacik | first1 = P. | last2 = Nelson | first2 = C. | last3 = Werner | first3 = C. | doi = 10.1016/j.asj.2008.02.001 | title = Pain Control in Augmentation Mammaplasty: Safety and Efficacy of Indwelling Catheters in 644 Consecutive Patients | journal = Aesthetic Surgery Journal | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 279–284 | year = 2008 | pmid = 19083538 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Pacik | first1 = P. | last2 = Nelson | first2 = C. | last3 = Werner | first3 = C. | doi = 10.1016/j.asj.2008.09.001 | title = Pain Control in Augmentation Mammaplasty Using Indwelling Catheters in 687 Consecutive Patients: Data Analysis | journal = Aesthetic Surgery Journal | volume = 28 | issue = 6 | pages = 631–641 | year = 2008 | pmid = 19083591 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Medical complications===<br /> The plastic surgical emplacement of breast-implant devices, either for [[breast reconstruction]] or for [[Plastic surgery|aesthetic purpose]], presents the same health risks common to [[surgery]], such as adverse reaction to [[anesthesia]], [[Breast hematoma|hematoma]] (post-operative bleeding), [[seroma]] (fluid accumulation), incision-site breakdown (wound infection). Complications specific to breast augmentation include breast pain, altered sensation, impeded breast-feeding function, visible wrinkling, asymmetry, thinning of the breast tissue, and [[symmastia]], the &quot;bread loafing&quot; of the bust that interrupts the natural plane between the breasts. Specific treatments for the complications of indwelling breast implants{{snd}}[[capsular contracture]] and capsular rupture{{snd}}are periodic [[MRI]] monitoring and physical examinations. Furthermore, [[Complications (medical)|complications]] and re-operations related to the implantation surgery, and to [[Tissue expansion|tissue expanders]] (implant placeholders during surgery) can cause unfavorable [[scar]]ring in approximately 6–7% of the patients.<br /> &lt;ref name = AUG_2006 /&gt;&lt;ref name=MMG_2006&gt;{{cite web|title=Important Information for Augmentation Patients About Mentor MemoryGel Silicone Gel-Filled Breast Implants |url=https://www.fda.gov/cdrh/pdf3/p030053d.pdf |date=2006-11-03 |work=fda.gov |access-date=2007-05-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308085812/https://www.fda.gov/cdrh/pdf3/p030053d.pdf |archive-date=March 8, 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=FDA_2004d&gt;{{cite web|title=Saline-Filled Breast Implant Surgery: Making An Informed Decision (Mentor Corporation) |work=FDA Breast Implant Consumer Handbook&amp;nbsp;– 2004 |url=https://www.fda.gov/cdrh/breastimplants/labeling/mentor_patient_labeling_5900.html |date=2004-01-13 |access-date=2007-05-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061126155432/https://www.fda.gov/cdrh/breastimplants/labeling/mentor_patient_labeling_5900.html |archive-date=November 26, 2006 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Statistically, 20% of women who underwent cosmetic implantation, and 50% of women who underwent breast reconstruction implantation, required their explantation at the 10-year mark.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110625013310/https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm260235.htm FDA provides updated safety data on silicone gel-filled breast implants]. Fda.gov (2011-06-22). Retrieved on 2012-07-15.&lt;/ref&gt; In 2019, a direct link was identified between Allergan BIOCELL textured breast implants of Allergan and the breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), a cancer of the immune system. FDA recalled all Allergan BIOCELL implants.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Health|first=Center for Devices and Radiological|date=2019-12-20|title=Allergan Recalls Natrelle Biocell Textured Breast Implants Due to Risk of BIA-ALCL Cancer|url=https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/medical-device-recalls/allergan-recalls-natrelle-biocell-textured-breast-implants-due-risk-bia-alcl-cancer|journal=FDA|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Implant rupture===<br /> Because a breast implant is a [[Medical device|Class III medical device]] of limited product-life, the principal rupture-rate factors are its age and design; Nonetheless, a breast implant device can retain its mechanical integrity for decades in a woman's body.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brown2000&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Brown SL, Middleton MS, Berg WA, Soo MS, Pennello G | s2cid=26355174 | title=Prevalence of Rupture of Silicone gel Breast Implants Revealed on MR Imaging in a Population of Women in Birmingham, Alabama | journal= American Journal of Roentgenology | year=2000 | pages=1057–1064 | volume=175 | issue=4 | pmid=11000165 | doi=10.2214/ajr.175.4.1751057}}&lt;/ref&gt; When a saline breast implant ruptures, leaks, and empties, it quickly deflates, and thus can be readily explanted (surgically removed). The follow-up report, ''Natrelle Saline-filled Breast Implants: a Prospective 10-year Study'' (2009) indicated rupture-deflation rates of 3–5 percent at 3-years post-implantation, and 7–10 percent rupture-deflation rates at 10-years post-implantation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walker2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author=Walker PS | title=Natrelle Saline-filled Breast Implants: a Prospective 10-year Study | journal= Aesthetic Surgery Journal| year=2009 | pages=19–25| volume=29 | issue=1 | pmid=19233001 | doi=10.1016/j.asj.2008.10.001 |name-list-style=vanc | display-authors=1 | last2=Walls | first2=Beth | last3=Murphy | first3=Diane K.| doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; In a study of his 4761 augmentation mammaplasty patients, Eisenberg reported that overfilling saline breast implants 10-13% significantly reduced the rupture-deflation rate to 1.83% at 8-years post-implantation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Eisenberg 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author=Eisenberg, TS| title= Does Overfilling Smooth Inflatable Saline-Filled Breast Implants Decrease the Deflation Rate? Experience with 4761 Augmentation Mammaplasty Patients | journal=Aesthetic Plastic Surgery | year=2021| volume= 45 | issue= 5 | pages= 1991–1999 | doi= 10.1007/s00266-021-02198-3 | pmid= 33712871 | pmc= 8481168 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Image:Ruptured implant.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Breast-implant failure: The parts of a surgically explanted breast-implant are the red, fibrous capsule (left), the ruptured silicone implant (center), and the transparent filler-gel that leaked to the woman's pectoral tissues (right).]]<br /> <br /> When a silicone breast implant ruptures it usually does not deflate, yet the filler gel does leak from it, which can migrate to the implant pocket; therefore, an intracapsular rupture (in-capsule leak) can become an extracapsular rupture (out-of-capsule leak), and each occurrence is resolved by explantation. Although the leaked silicone filler-gel can migrate from the chest tissues to elsewhere in the woman's body, most clinical [[Complications (medical)|complications]] are limited to the breast and [[axilla|armpit]] areas, usually manifested as [[granulomas]] (inflammatory nodules) and axillary [[lymphadenopathy]] (enlarged [[Lymph node|lymph glands]] in the armpit area).&lt;ref name=&quot;Holmich2004&quot;&gt;{{cite journal| author=Holmich LR |title= Untreated Silicone Breast Implant Rupture | journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery| year=2004|pages=204–214|volume=114 | issue=1 |pmid= 15220594 |doi= 10.1097/01.PRS.0000128821.87939.B5|name-list-style=vanc| display-authors=1| last2=Vejborg| first2=Ilse M.| last3=Conrad| first3=Carsten| last4=Sletting| first4=Susanne| last5=h??Ier-Madsen| first5=Mimi| last6=Fryzek| first6=Jon P.| last7=McLaughlin| first7=Joseph K.| last8=Kj??Ller| first8=Kim| last9=Wiik| first9=Allan |s2cid= 25947224 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Katzin 2005&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author=Katzin |title=Pathology of Lymph Nodes From Patients With Breast Implants: A Histologic and Spectroscopic Evaluation |journal=American Journal of Surgical Pathology |year=2001 |pages=506–11 |volume=29 |issue=4 |url=http://www.ajsp.com/pt/re/ajsp/abstract.00000478-200504000-00013.htm;jsessionid=G3QMCQKJ6hM5VsXLk60GQByjJfkSq7rzMMVZwKbyvpwxmmZXrQpK!-1734750035!-949856144!8091!-1 |pmid=15767806 |author2=William E |author3=Ceneno |author4=Jose A |author5=Feng |author6=Lu-Jean |doi=10.1097/01.pas.0000155145.60670.e4 |s2cid=31982669 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090524051708/http://www.ajsp.com/pt/re/ajsp/abstract.00000478-200504000-00013.htm%3Bjsessionid%3DG3QMCQKJ6hM5VsXLk60GQByjJfkSq7rzMMVZwKbyvpwxmmZXrQpK%21-1734750035%21-949856144%218091%21-1 |archive-date=2009-05-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name = FDA_2004c&gt;{{cite web | title = Study of Rupture of Silicone Gel-filled Breast Implants (MRI Component) | work = FDA Breast Implant Consumer Handbook - 2004 | url = https://www.fda.gov/cdrh/breastimplants/handbook2004/diseases.html | date = 2000-05-22 | access-date = 2007-05-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ; The suspected mechanisms of breast implant rupture:<br /> ; :<br /> <br /> ;<br /> ;<br /> :<br /> * Damage during implantation<br /> * Damage during (other) surgical procedures<br /> * Chemical degradation of the breast implant shell<br /> * Trauma ([[blunt trauma]], [[penetrating trauma]] [[blast injury|or blast trauma]])<br /> * Mechanical pressure of traditional [[Mammography|mammographic]] breast examination &lt;ref name=&quot;FDA_2004b&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = Local Complications | work = FDA Breast Implant Consumer Handbook - 2004 | url = https://www.fda.gov/cdrh/breastimplants/handbook2004/localcomplications.html | date = 2004-06-08 | access-date = 2007-05-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070513003957/https://www.fda.gov/cdrh/breastimplants/handbook2004/localcomplications.html | archive-date = 2007-05-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Silicone implant rupture can be evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging; from the long-term [[MRI]] data for single-lumen breast implants, the European literature about second generation silicone-gel breast implants (1970s design), reported silent device-rupture rates of 8–15 percent at 10-years post-implantation (15–30% of the patients).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.claripacs.com/case/CL0335 MRI of a ruptured silicone breast implant] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904215236/http://www.claripacs.com/case/CL0335 |date=2017-09-04 }} 2013-04-05&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Holmich2003&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author=Holmich LR|title=Incidence of Silicone Breast Implant Rupture| journal=Arch. Surg. | year=2003|pages=801–806| volume=138 | issue=7 | pmid=12860765|doi=10.1001/archsurg.138.7.801 |name-list-style=vanc | display-authors=1 | last2=Friis | first2=S | last3=Fryzek | first3=JP | last4=Vejborg | first4=IM | last5=Conrad | first5=C | last6=Sletting | first6=S | last7=Kjøller | first7=K | last8=McLaughlin | first8=JK | last9=Olsen | first9=JH| doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Heden2006&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author=Heden P|title=Prevalence of Rupture in Inamed Silicone Breast Implants| journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery|year=2006 | pages=303–308| volume=118 | issue=2|pmid=16874191|doi=10.1097/01.prs.0000233471.58039.30 |name-list-style=vanc | display-authors=1 | last2=Nava | first2=Maurizio B. | last3=Van Tetering | first3=Joost P. B. | last4=Magalon | first4=Guy | last5=Fourie | first5=Le Roux | last6=Brenner | first6=R James | last7=Lindsey | first7=Laura E. | last8=Murphy | first8=Diane K. | last9=Walker | first9=Patricia S.|s2cid=30442865}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Collis2005&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/05/briefing/2005-4101b1_Mentor-Briefing%20doc-supplement.DOC | title=FDA summary of clinical issues (MS Word document)| website=[[Food and Drug Administration]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The study ''Safety and Effectiveness of Mentor's MemoryGel Implants at 6 Years'' (2009), which was a branch study of the U.S. FDA's core [[clinical trial]]s for primary breast augmentation surgery patients, reported low device-rupture rates of 1.1 percent at 6-years post-implantation.&lt;ref name=&quot;cunningham2009&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author=Cunningham, B | title=Safety and effectiveness of Mentor's MemoryGel implants at 6 years| journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | year=2009 | pages=440–444| volume=33 | issue=3 | pmid=19437068 | doi=10.1007/s00266-009-9364-6 | display-authors=1 | last2=McCue | first2=Jonathan| s2cid=25722841}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first series of MRI evaluations of the silicone breast implants with thick filler-gel reported a device-rupture rate of 1.0 percent, or less, at the median 6-year device-age.&lt;ref name=&quot;Heden&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author=Heden P | title=Style 410 Cohesive Silicone Breast Implants: Safety and Effectiveness at 5 to 9 years after Implantation| journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | year=2006 | pages=1281–1287| volume=118 | issue=6 | pmid=17051096 | doi=10.1097/01.prs.0000239457.17721.5d |name-list-style=vanc | display-authors=1 | last2=Bon?? | first2=Beate | last3=Murphy | first3=Diane K. | last4=Slicton | first4=Araceli | last5=Walker | first5=Patricia S.| s2cid=34380204}}&lt;/ref&gt; Statistically, the manual examination (palpation) of the woman is inadequate for accurately evaluating if a breast implant has ruptured. The study, ''The Diagnosis of Silicone Breast-implant Rupture: Clinical Findings Compared with Findings at Magnetic Resonance Imaging'' (2005), reported that, in asymptomatic patients, only 30 percent of the ruptured breast implants is accurately palpated and detected by an experienced plastic surgeon, whereas MRI examinations accurately detected 86 percent of breast-implant ruptures.&lt;ref name=&quot;Holmich2005&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Holmich LR, Fryzek JP, Kjoller K, Breiting VB, Jorgensen A, Krag C, McLaughlin JK | title= The Diagnosis of Silicone Breast-implant Rupture: Clinical Findings Compared with Findings at Magnetic Resonance Imaging | journal=Annals of Plastic Surgery | year=2005 | pages=583–589 | volume=54 | issue=6 | pmid=15900139 | doi=10.1097/01.sap.0000164470.76432.4f| s2cid= 39525474 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Therefore, the U.S. FDA recommended scheduled MRI examinations, as silent-rupture screenings, beginning at the 3-year-mark post-implantation, and then every two years, thereafter.&lt;ref name = AUG_2006/&gt; Nonetheless, beyond the U.S., the medical establishments of other nations have not endorsed routine MRI screening, and, in its stead, proposed that such a [[Radiology|radiologic]] examination be reserved for two purposes: (i) for the woman with a suspected breast-implant rupture; and (ii) for the confirmation of [[Mammography|mammographic]] and [[Ultrasound|ultrasonic]] studies that indicate the presence of a ruptured breast implant.&lt;ref name = Canada_2005 /&gt;<br /> <br /> Furthermore, ''The Effect of Study design Biases on the Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detecting Silicone Breast Implant Ruptures: a Meta-analysis'' (2011) reported that the breast-screening MRIs of asymptomatic women might overestimate the incidence of breast-implant rupture.&lt;ref name=&quot;song2011&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Song JW, Kim HM, Bellfi LT, Chung KC | title= The Effect of Study design Biases on the Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detecting Silicone Breast Implant Ruptures: a Meta-analysis | journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | year=2011 | pages=1029–1044 | volume=127 | issue=3 | pmid=21364405 | doi=10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182043630 | pmc=3080104}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the event, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration emphasised that &quot;breast implants are not lifetime devices. The longer a woman has silicone gel-filled breast implants, the more likely she is to experience complications.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/breast-implants-safe-but-not-for-life-us-experts-2303085.html|title=Breast implants safe, but not for life: US experts|date=June 25, 2011|website=The Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> When one lumen of a structured implant ruptures, it leaks and empties. The other lumen remain intact and the implant only partially deflates, allowing for ease of explant and replacement.&lt;ref name=&quot;PRSINichter&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Capsular contracture===<br /> {{Main|Capsular contracture}}<br /> The human body's [[immune response]] to a surgically installed foreign object{{snd}}breast implant, cardiac [[pacemaker]], [[orthopedic]] [[prosthesis]]{{snd}}is to encapsulate it with [[Scar|scar tissue]] capsules of tightly woven [[collagen]] fibers, in order to maintain the integrity of the body by isolating the foreign object, and so tolerate its presence. [[Capsular contracture]]{{snd}}which should be distinguished from normal capsular tissue{{snd}}occurs when the collagen-fiber capsule thickens and compresses the breast implant; it is a painful [[Complication (medical)|complication]] that might distort either the breast implant, or the breast, or both.<br /> <br /> [[Image:Capsular fibrosis.jpg|thumb|right|225px|Breast-implant failure: Capsular contracture is a medical complication, in this case, a Baker scale Grade IV contraction, of a subglandular silicone implant in the right breast.]]<br /> <br /> The cause of capsular contracture is unknown, but the common incidence factors include bacterial contamination, device-shell rupture, filler leakage, and [[hematoma]]. The surgical implantation procedures that have reduced the incidence of capsular contracture include submuscular emplacement, the use of breast implants with a textured surface (polyurethane-coated);&lt;ref name=&quot;Barnsley2006&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author=Barnsley GP| title= Textured surface Breast Implants in the Prevention of Capsular Contracture among Breast Augmentation Patients: a Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials | journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | year=2006 | pages=2182–2190| volume=117 | issue=7 | pmid=16772915| doi= 10.1097/01.prs.0000218184.47372.d5 | first2=LJ | first3=SE | last2=Sigurdson | last3=Barnsley| s2cid= 35420582 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wong2006&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Wong CH, Samuel M, Tan BK, Song C | s2cid= 29643167| title= Capsular Contracture in Subglandular Breast Augmentation with Textured versus Smooth Breast Implants: a Systematic Review| journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | year=2006 | pages=1224–1236| volume=118 | issue=5 | pmid=17016195| doi= 10.1097/01.prs.0000237013.50283.d2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Handel2006&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author=Handel N| title= Long-term safety and efficacy of polyurethane foam-covered breast implants | journal=Journal of Aesthetic Surgery |date=May 2006 | pages=265–274| volume=26 | issue=3| doi= 10.1016/j.asj.2006.04.001 | pmid=19338905 |name-list-style=vanc | display-authors=1 | last2=Gutierrez | first2=J| doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; limited pre-operative handling of the implants, limited contact with the chest skin of the implant pocket before the emplacement of the breast implant, and irrigation of the recipient site with triple-antibiotic solutions.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mladick1993&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author=Mladick RA| title= &quot;No-touch&quot; submuscular saline breast augmentation technique | journal=Journal of Aesthetic Surgery | year=1993 | pages=183–192| volume=17 | issue=3 | pmid= 8213311| doi= 10.1007/BF00636260 | s2cid= 39767802 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Adams2006&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author=Adams WP jr.| title= Enhancing Patient Outcomes in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery using Triple Antibiotic Breast Irrigation: Six-year Prospective Clinical Study | journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | year=2006 | pages=30–6 | volume=117 | issue=1 | pmid=16404244 | doi=10.1097/01.prs.0000185671.51993.7e | last2=Rios | first2=Jose L. | last3=Smith | first3=Sharon J. | s2cid= 35238465 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The use of a funnel device for implant insertion has also been shown to reduce the rate of capsular contracture.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Newman|first1=Ashley N.|last2=Davison|first2=Steven P.|date=June 2018|title=Effect of Keller Funnel on the Rate of Capsular Contracture in Periareolar Breast Augmentation|journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open|volume=6|issue=6|pages=e1834|doi=10.1097/GOX.0000000000001834|issn=2169-7574|pmc=6157951|pmid=30276059}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The correction of capsular contracture might require an open capsulotomy (surgical release) of the collagen-fiber capsule, or the removal, and possible replacement, of the breast implant. Furthermore, in treating capsular contracture, the closed capsulotomy (disruption via external manipulation) once was a common maneuver for treating hard capsules, but now is a discouraged technique, because it can rupture the breast implant. Non-surgical treatments for collagen-fiber capsules include massage, external [[medical ultrasound|ultrasonic]] therapy, [[leukotriene antagonist|leukotriene pathway inhibitors]] such as [[zafirlukast]] (Accolate) or [[montelukast]] (Singulair), and [[Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy|pulsed electromagnetic field therapy]] (PEMFT).&lt;ref name=&quot;Planas2001&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author=Planas J| title= Five-year experience on ultrasonic treatment of breast contractures | journal=Aesthetic Plastic Surgery | year=2001| pages=89–93 | volume=25 | issue=2 | pmid=11349308| doi= 10.1007/s002660010102 | first2=V | first3=G | last2=Cervelli | last3=Planas| s2cid= 2784003 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schlesinger2002&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Schlesinger SL |author2=wt al | title= Zafirlukast (Accolate): A new treatment for capsular contracture | journal=Aesthetic Plast. Surg. | year=2002| pages=329–36| volume=22 | issue=4 | doi=10.1067/maj.2002.126753 | pmid=19331987| doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Scuderi&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author=Scuderi N| title= The effects of zafirlukast on capsular contracture: preliminary report| journal=Aesthetic Plast. Surg. | year=2006| pages=513–520 | volume=30 | issue=5 | pmid=16977359| doi= 10.1007/s00266-006-0038-3 |name-list-style=vanc | display-authors=1 | last2=Mazzocchi | first2=Marco | last3=Fioramonti | first3=Paolo | last4=Bistoni | first4=Giovanni| s2cid= 251008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Silver1982&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author=Silver H| title= Reduction of capsular contracture with two-stage augmentation mammaplasty and pulsed electromagnetic energy (Diapulse therapy) | journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | year=1982| pages=802–805 | volume=69 | issue=5 | pmid=7071225| doi= 10.1097/00006534-198205000-00013| s2cid= 8451166 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Repair and revision surgeries====<br /> When the woman is unsatisfied with the outcome of the augmentation mammoplasty; or when technical or medical complications occur; or because of the breast implants' limited product life ([[Medical device|Class III medical device]], in the U.S.), it is likely she might require replacing the breast implants. The common revision surgery indications include major and minor medical complications, capsular contracture, shell rupture, and device deflation.&lt;ref name = FDA_2004b /&gt; Revision incidence rates were greater for breast reconstruction patients, because of the post-mastectomy changes to the soft-tissues and to the skin envelope of the breast, and to the [[human anatomy|anatomical]] borders of the breast, especially in women who received adjuvant external [[radiation therapy]].&lt;ref name = FDA_2004b /&gt; Moreover, besides breast reconstruction, [[breast cancer]] patients usually undergo revision surgery of the nipple-areola complex (NAC), and symmetry procedures upon the opposite breast, to create a bust of natural appearance, size, form, and feel. Carefully matching the type and size of the breast implants to the patient's pectoral soft-tissue characteristics reduces the incidence of revision surgery. Appropriate tissue matching, implant selection, and proper implantation technique, the re-operation rate was 3.0% at the 7-year-mark, compared with the re-operation rate of 20% at the 3-year-mark, as reported by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tebbets2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Tebbetts | first1 = J. B. | title = &quot;Out points&quot; criteria for breast implant removal without replacement and criteria to minimize reoperations following breast augmentation | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 114 | issue = 5 | pages = 1258–1262 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15457046 | doi=10.1097/01.prs.0000136802.91357.cf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tebbets2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Tebbetts | first1 = J. B. | s2cid = 27630646 | title = Achieving a Zero Percent Reoperation Rate at 3 Years in a 50-Consecutive-Case Augmentation Mammaplasty Premarket Approval Study | doi = 10.1097/01.prs.0000239602.99867.07 | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 118 | issue = 6 | pages = 1453–1457 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17051118 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Systemic disease and sickness====<br /> Since the 1990s, reviews of the studies that sought causal links between silicone-gel breast implants and [[systemic disease]] reported no link between the implants and subsequent systemic and autoimmune diseases.&lt;ref name=Canada_2005&gt;{{cite web|title=Expert Advisory Panel on Breast Implants: Record of Proceedings|publisher=HealthCanada|url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/md-im/activit/sci-consult/implant-breast-mammaire/eapbi_rop_gceim_crd_2005-09-29_e.html|date=2005-09-29|access-date=2007-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107040623/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/md-im/activit/sci-consult/implant-breast-mammaire/eapbi_rop_gceim_crd_2005-09-29_e.html|archive-date=2007-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=BIIB_2001&gt;{{cite book|author=Therapeutic Goods Administration|title=Breast Implant Information Booklet|edition=4th|publisher=Australian Government|year=2001|url=http://www.tga.gov.au/docs/pdf/breasti4.pdf|isbn=978-0-642-73579-9|access-date=2011-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101081442/http://www.tga.gov.au/docs/pdf/breasti4.pdf|archive-date=2007-01-01|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=EQUAM_2000&gt;{{cite web|author=European Committee on Quality Assurance and Medical Devices in Plastic Surgery | title=Consensus Declaration on Breast Implants|url=http://www.secpre.org/pdf/equam.pdf|date=2000-06-23|access-date=2007-05-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061230061944/http://www.secpre.org/pdf/equam.pdf |archive-date = December 30, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=UK_1998&gt;{{cite web|title=Silicone Gel Breast Implant Report Launched - No Epidemiological Evidence For Link With Connective Tissue Disease - Independent Review Group|url=http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Pressreleases/DH_4024791|date=1998-07-13|access-date=2007-05-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nonetheless, during the 1990s, thousands of women claimed sicknesses they believed were caused by their breast implants, including [[neurology|neurological]] and [[rheumatology|rheumatological]] health problems.<br /> [[Image:BreastImplant09.JPG|thumb|right|225px|Breast Implant: the chest X-ray of a woman with bilaterally emplaced breast implants shows that the prostheses are radiographically opaque, and are foreign objects in her body, but not of her body.]]<br /> In the study ''Long-term Health Status of Danish Women with Silicone Breast Implants'' (2004), the national healthcare system of Denmark reported that women with implants did not risk a greater incidence and diagnosis of [[autoimmune disease]], when compared to same-age women in the general population; that the incidence of musculoskeletal disease was lower among women with breast implants than among women who had undergone other types of cosmetic surgery; and that they had a lower incidence rate than like women in the general population.&lt;ref name=&quot;Breiting2004&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Breiting VB, Holmich LR, Brandt B, Fryzek JP, Wolthers MS, Kjoller K, McLaughlin JK, Wiik A, Friis S |title=Long-term Health Status of Danish Women with Silicone Breast Implants|journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery |year=2004|pages=217–226 |volume=114|pmid=15220596|doi=10.1097/01.PRS.0000128823.77637.8A|issue=1|s2cid=20584928}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kjoller2004&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Kjoller K, Holmich LR, Fryzek JP, Jacobsen PH, Friis S, McLaughlin JK, Lipworth L, Henriksen TF, Hoier-Madsen M, Wiik A, Olsen JH |title=Self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms among Danish women with cosmetic breast implants|journal= Annals of Plastic Surgery|year=2004|pages=1–7|volume=52 | pmid= 14676691|doi=10.1097/01.sap.0000101930.75241.55 | issue=1|s2cid=33639882}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Follow-up [[Longitudinal study|longitudinal studies]] of these breast implant patients confirmed the previous findings on the matter.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fryzek2007&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Fryzek JP, Holmich L, McLaughlin JK, Lipworth L, Tarone RE, Henriksen T, Kjoller K, Friis S |title=A Nationwide Study of Connective Tissue Disease and Other Rheumatic Conditions Among Danish Women With Long-Term Cosmetic Breast Implantation|journal=Annals of Epidemiology |year=2007|pmid=17321754|doi=10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.11.001|volume=17|pages=374–379|issue=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; European and North American studies reported that women who underwent augmentation mammoplasty, and any plastic surgery procedure, tended to be healthier and wealthier than the general population, before and after implantation; that plastic surgery patients had a lower [[standardized mortality ratio]] than did patients for other surgeries; yet faced an increased risk of death by [[lung cancer]] than other plastic surgery patients. Moreover, because only one study, the Swedish ''Long-term Cancer Risk Among Swedish Women with Cosmetic Breast Implants: an Update of a Nationwide Study'' (2006), controlled for [[tobacco smoking]] information, the data were insufficient to establish verifiable statistical differences between smokers and non-smokers that might contribute to the higher [[lung cancer]] mortality rate of women with breast implants.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Brinton LA, Lubin JH, Murray MC, Colton T, Hoover RN |title=Mortality Rates Among Augmentation Mammoplasty patients: an update|journal=Epidemiology|year=2006|pages=162–9|volume=17|issue=2|pmid=16477256|doi=10.1097/01.ede.0000197056.84629.19|s2cid=22285852|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=McLaughlin JK, Lipworth L, Fryzek JP, Ye W, Tarone RE, Nyren O |title=Long-term Cancer Risk Among Swedish Women with Cosmetic Breast Implants: an Update of a Nationwide Study| journal=J Natl Cancer Inst|year=2006|pages=557–60|volume=98|issue=8|pmid=16622125|doi=10.1093/jnci/djj134|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; The long-term study of 25,000 women, ''Mortality among Canadian Women with Cosmetic Breast Implants'' (2006), reported that the &quot;findings suggest that breast implants do not directly increase mortality in women.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Villenueve2006&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|author=Villenueve PJ|title=Mortality among Canadian Women with Cosmetic Breast Implants|journal=American Journal of Epidemiology|date=June 2006|pmid=16777929|doi=10.1093/aje/kwj214|volume=164|pages=334–341|issue=4|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=1|last2=Holowaty|first2=EJ|last3=Brisson|first3=J|last4=Xie|first4=L|last5=Ugnat|first5=AM|last6=Latulippe|first6=L|last7=Mao|first7=Y |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The study ''Silicone gel Breast Implant Rupture, Extracapsular Silicone, and Health Status in a Population of Women'' (2001), reported increased incidences of [[fibromyalgia]] among women who had [[Capsular contracture|extracapsular silicone-gel leakage]] than among women whose breast implants neither ruptured nor leaked.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brown2001&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Brown SL, Pennello G, Berg WA, Soo MS, Middleton MS |title=Silicone gel Breast Implant Rupture, Extracapsular Silicone, and Health Status in a Population of Women|journal=Journal of Rheumatology|year=2001|pages=996–1003|volume=28|issue=5|pmid=11361228 |url=https://www.fda.gov/cdrh/breastimplants/extracapstudy.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; The study later was criticized as significantly methodologically flawed, and a number of large subsequent follow-up studies have not shown any evidence of a causal device–disease association. After investigating, the U.S. FDA has concluded &quot;the weight of the [[Epidemiology|epidemiological]] evidence published in the literature does not support an association between fibromyalgia and breast implants.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Lipworth L, Tarone RE, McLaughlin JK |title=Breast Implants and Fibromyalgia: a Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence|journal=Annals of Plastic Surgery|year=2004|pages=284–287|volume=52|issue=3|pmid=15156983|doi=10.1097/01.sap.0000116024.18713.28|s2cid=19370286}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=FDA_2004&gt;{{cite web|title=Diseases|work=FDA Breast Implant Consumer Handbook - 2004|url=https://www.fda.gov/cdrh/breastimplants/handbook2004/diseases.html|date=2004-06-08|access-date=2007-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609134559/https://www.fda.gov/cdrh/breastimplants/handbook2004/diseases.html|archive-date=2007-06-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; The systemic review study, ''Silicone Breast implants and Connective tissue Disease: No Association'' (2011) reported the investigational conclusion that &quot;any claims that remain regarding an association between cosmetic breast implants and CTDs are not supported by the scientific literature&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Lipworth L, Holmich LR, McLaughlin JK |title=Silicone Breast implants and Connective tissue Disease: No Association|journal=Semin Immunopathol|year=2011|pages=287–294|volume=33|issue=3|pmid=21369953|doi=10.1007/s00281-010-0238-4|s2cid=22297654}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Platinum toxicity===<br /> [[File:Platinum crystals.jpg|thumb|250px|Breast-implant: The metallic element [[platinum]] (Pt, 78) a [[catalyst]] in the manufacture of [[silicone]] breast implants, was a suspected cause of toxic contamination (tissue ionization) in the bodies of women with such implants.]]<br /> The manufacture of silicone breast implants requires the [[Metal|metallic element]] [[platinum]] (Pt, 78) as a [[catalyst]] to accelerate the transformation of [[silicone oil]] into silicone gel for making the [[elastomer]] silicone shells, and for making other medical-silicone devices.&lt;ref name=&quot;RinzlerCarol&quot;&gt;Rinzler, Carol Ann (2009) ''The encyclopedia of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery'' New York:Facts on File, p.23.&lt;/ref&gt; The literature indicates that trace quantities of platinum leak from such types of silicone breast implant; therefore, platinum is present in the surrounding pectoral tissue(s). The rare pathogenic consequence is an accumulation of platinum in the [[bone marrow]], from where blood cells might deliver it to [[nerve|nerve endings]], thus causing [[nervous system]] disorders such as blindness, deafness, and [[tic|nervous tics]] (involuntary muscle contractions).&lt;ref name=&quot;RinzlerCarol&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2002, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) reviewed the studies on the human biological effects of breast-implant platinum, and reported little causal evidence of platinum toxicity to women with breast implants.&lt;ref name=&quot;arepelli2003&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author=Arepelli S | title=Allergic reactions to platinum in silicone breast implants | journal=Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants | year=2002 | pages=299–306 | pmid=12627791 | volume=12 | issue=4 |name-list-style=vanc | display-authors=1 | last2=Bezabeh | first2=S | last3=Brown | first3=SL | doi=10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.v12.i4.80}}&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, in the journal [[Analytical Chemistry (journal)|''Analytical Chemistry'']], the study &quot;Total Platinum Concentration and Platinum Oxidation States in Body Fluids, Tissue, and Explants from Women Exposed to Silicone and Saline Breast Implants by IC-ICPMS&quot; (2006) proved controversial for claiming to have identified previously undocumented toxic platinum oxidative states ''in vivo''.&lt;ref name=&quot;AnalChem2006-Lykissa&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Lykissa E.D. |author2=Maharaj S.V.M. |date=April 2006 | title = Total Platinum Concentration and Platinum Oxidation States in Body Fluids, Tissue, and Explants from Women Exposed to Silicone and Saline Breast Implants by IC-ICPMS | journal = Analytical Chemistry | volume = 78| issue = 9| pages = 2925–2933| id =(due publication May 2006) | url =http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/ancham/asap/abs/ac0514016.html | access-date =2006-04-06 | doi = 10.1021/ac0514016 | pmid = 16642977}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later, in a letter to the readers, the editors of ''Analytical Chemistry'' published their concerns about the faulty [[Experiment|experimental design]] of the study, and warned readers to &quot;use caution in evaluating the conclusions drawn in the paper&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://pubs.acs.org/cen/news/84/i31/8431notw5.html |title=Dubious Breast Implant Study: Doubts now surround study claiming to have found high levels of platinum in women with silicone breast|date=July 31, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Furthermore, after reviewing the research data of the study &quot;Total Platinum Concentration and Platinum Oxidation States in Body Fluids, Tissue, and Explants from Women Exposed to Silicone and Saline Breast Implants by IC-ICPMS&quot;, and other pertinent literature, the U.S. FDA reported that the data do not support the findings presented; that the platinum used in new-model breast implant devices likely is not [[Ionization|ionized]], and therefore is not a significant risk to the health of the women.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=https://www.fda.gov/cdrh/breastimplants/platinum.html| title=FDA Backgrounder on Platinum in Silicone Breast Implants| publisher=[[Food and Drug Administration]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513005704/https://www.fda.gov/cdrh/breastimplants/platinum.html|archive-date=2007-05-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Non-implant breast augmentation==<br /> Non-implant breast augmentation with injections of autologous fat grafts (adipocyte tissue) is indicated for women requiring [[breast reconstruction]], [[Congenital defect|defect correction]], and the æsthetic enhancement of the bust.<br /> * breast reconstruction: post-mastectomy re-creation of the breast(s); trauma-damaged tissues (blunt, penetrating), disease ([[breast cancer]]), and explantation deformity (empty breast-implant socket).<br /> * congenital defect correction: [[micromastia]], [[tuberous breast deformity]], [[Poland Syndrome|Poland's syndrome]], etc.<br /> * primary augmentation: the aesthetic enhancement (contouring) of the size, form, and feel of the breasts.<br /> <br /> The [[operating room]] time of breast reconstruction, congenital defect correction, and primary breast augmentation procedures is determined by the indications to be treated.<br /> <br /> The advent of [[liposuction]] technology facilitated medical applications of the liposuction-harvested fat tissue as autologous filler for injection to correct bodily defects, and for breast augmentation. Melvin Bircoll introduced the practice of contouring the breast and for correcting bodily defects with autologous fat grafts harvested by liposuction; and he presented the fat-injection method used for emplacing the fat grafts.&lt;ref&gt;Bircoll M. Autologous Fat Transplantation (presentation) The Asian Congress of Plastic Surgery, February 1982&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Bircoll MJ (1984) New Frontiers in Suction Lipectomy (presentation) Second Asian Congress of Plastic Surgery, Pattiya, Thailand, February&lt;/ref&gt; In 1987, the Venezuelan plastic surgeon Eduardo Krulig emplaced fat grafts with a syringe and blunt needle (lipo-injection), and later used a disposable fat trap to facilitate the collection and to ensure the sterility of the harvested adipocyte tissue.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Krulig |first1=Eduardo |title=Lipo-injection |journal=American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery |year=1987 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=123–9|doi=10.1177/074880688700400206 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[#Schiffman|Schiffman]], p. 4.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> To emplace the grafts of autologous fat-tissue, doctors J. Newman and J. Levin designed a lipo-injector gun with a gear-driven plunger, which allowed the even injection of autologous fat-tissue to the desired recipient sites. The control afforded by the lipo-injector gun assisted the plastic surgeon in controlling excessive pressure to the fat in the barrel of the syringe, thus avoiding over-filling the recipient site.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Newman J, Levin J |title=Facial Lipo-transplant Surgery|journal= American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery|year= 1987|volume= 4|issue=2|pages=131–140|doi=10.1177/074880688700400207|s2cid=57412119}}&lt;/ref&gt; The later-design lipo-injector gun featured a ratchet-gear operation that afforded the surgeon greater control in accurately emplacing grafts of autologous fat to the recipient site; a trigger action injected 0.1&amp;nbsp;cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of filler.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Agris J. |title=Autologous Fat Transplantation: A Three-year Study|journal= American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery |year=1987|volume= 4|issue=2|pages= 95–102|doi=10.1177/074880688700400203|s2cid=79454414}}&lt;/ref&gt; Since 1989, most non-surgical, fat-graft augmentations of the breast employ adipocyte fat from sites other than the breast, up to 300&amp;nbsp;ml of fat in three equal injections, is placed into the subpectoral space and the intrapectoral space of the [[pectoralis major muscle]], as well as the submammary space, to achieve a breast outcome of natural appearance and contour.&lt;ref&gt;[[#Schiffman|Schiffman]], p. 226.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Autologous fat grafting===<br /> The technique of autologous fat-graft injection to the [[breast]] is applied for the correction of breast asymmetry or deformities, for [[Mastectomy|post-mastectomy]] [[breast reconstruction]] (as a primary and as an adjunct technique), for the improvement of soft-tissue coverage of breast implants, and for the aesthetic enhancement of the bust. The careful harvesting and [[centrifuge|centrifugal]] refinement of the mature adipocyte tissue (injected in small aliquots) allows the transplanted fat tissue to remain viable in the breast, where it provides the anatomical structure and the hemispheric contour that cannot be achieved solely with breast implants or with corrective plastic surgery.<br /> <br /> [[File:Dr. Placik Chicago Breast Fat Grafting 19097.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Non-implant breast augmentation: the pre-procedural aspects (left) and the post-procedural aspects (right) of breasts enlarged and contoured with autologous fat grafts]]<br /> <br /> In fat-graft breast augmentation procedures, there is the risk that the [[Adipose tissue|adipocyte tissue]] grafted to the breast(s) can undergo [[necrosis]], [[metastatic calcification]], develop cysts, and agglomerate into palpable lumps. Although the cause of metastatic calcification is unknown, the post-procedure biological changes occurred to the fat-graft tissue resemble the tissue changes usual to breast surgery procedures such as [[breast reduction|reduction mammoplasty]]. The French study ''Radiological Evaluation of Breasts Reconstructed with Lipo-modeling'' (2005) indicates the therapeutic efficacy of fat-graft breast reconstruction in the treatment of [[radiation therapy]] damage to the chest, the incidental reduction of [[capsular contracture]], and the improved soft-tissue coverage of breast implants.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | author = Pierrefeu-Lagrange A. C. |author2=Delay E. |author3=Guerin N.|display-authors=et al | year = 2005 | title = Radiological Evaluation of Breasts Reconstructed with Lipo-modeling (in French) | journal = Annales de Chirurgie Plastique et Esthétique | volume = 51 | issue = 1|pages=18–28 | doi=10.1016/j.anplas.2005.10.001|pmid=16338046 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Zocchi, M. L., Zuliani, F., Nava, M., et al. Bicompartmental Breast Lipostructuring, presentation to the 7th International Congress of Aesthetic Medicine, Milan, 13–15 October 2005.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | author = Rigotti G. |author2=Marchi A. |author3=Galiè M.|display-authors=et al | year = 2007| title = Clinical Treatment of Radiotherapy Tissue Damages by Lipoaspirates Transplant: A Healing Process Mediated by Adipose-derived Stem cells (ASCS) | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 119| issue = 5| pages = 1409–22; discussion 1423–4| doi=10.1097/01.prs.0000256047.47909.71| pmid = 17415234|s2cid=24897504 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Holle, J. Lipofilling in Rhinoplasty and Breast Augmentation, a presentation to the American Alpine Workshop in Plastic Surgery, at the 17th Annual Meeting, Sun Valley, Idaho, 12–17 February 2006&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | author = Massiha H | year = 2002 | title = Scar-tissue Flaps for the Correction of Post-implant Breast Rippling | journal = Annals of Plastic Surgery | volume = 48 | issue = 5| pages = 505–7 | doi=10.1097/00000637-200205000-00009| pmid = 11981190 | s2cid = 31590174 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Baruffaldi-Preis, F. La correzione delle depressioni: Esiti cicatriziali e rippling (presentation) 30th Anniversary Course of the Foundation of G. Sanvenero Rosselli, Milan, Italy, 16 September 2005&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The study ''Fat Grafting to the Breast Revisited: Safety and Efficacy'' (2007) reported successful transfers of body fat to the [[breast]], and proposed the fat-graft injection technique as an alternative (i.e., non-implant) augmentation mammoplasty procedure instead of the surgical procedures usual for effecting breast augmentation, breast defect correction, and breast reconstruction.<br /> <br /> Structural fat-grafting was performed either to one breast or to both breasts of the 17 women; the age range of the women was 25–55 years; the mean age was 38.2 years; the average volume of a tissue-graft was 278.6&amp;nbsp;cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of fat per operation, per breast.<br /> <br /> The pre-procedure mammograms were negative for [[Breast cancer|malignant neoplasms]]. In the 17-patient cohort, it was noted that two women developed [[breast cancer]] (diagnosed by [[Mammography|mammogram]]) post-procedure: one at 12 months, and the other at 92 months.&lt;ref name=Coleman&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Coleman | first1 = S. R. | last2 = Saboeiro | first2 = A. P. | s2cid = 1950274 | doi = 10.1097/01.prs.0000252001.59162.c9 | title = Fat Grafting to the Breast Revisited: Safety and Efficacy | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 119 | issue = 3 | pages = 775–785; discussion 785–7 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17312477 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Further, the study ''Cell-assisted Lipotransfer for Cosmetic Breast Augmentation: Supportive Use of Adipose-Derived Stem/Stromal Cells'' (2007), an approximately 40-woman cohort indicated that the inclusion of adipose [[stem cells]] in the grafts of adipocyte fat increased the rate of corrective success of the autologous fat-grafting procedure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Yoshimura | first1 = K. | last2 = Sato | first2 = K. | last3 = Aoi | first3 = N. | last4 = Kurita | first4 = M. | last5 = Hirohi | first5 = T. | last6 = Harii | first6 = K. | doi = 10.1007/s00266-007-9019-4 | title = Cell-Assisted Lipotransfer for Cosmetic Breast Augmentation: Supportive Use of Adipose-Derived Stem/Stromal Cells | journal = Aesthetic Plastic Surgery | volume = 32 | issue = 1 | pages = 48–55; discussion 56–7 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17763894 | pmc =2175019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Fat grafting techniques===<br /> ====Fat harvesting and contouring====<br /> <br /> The centrifugal refinement of the liposuction-harvested adipocyte tissues removes blood products and free [[lipids]] to produce autologous breast filler. The injectable filler-fat is obtained by centrifuging (spinning) the fat-filled syringes for sufficient time to allow the serum, blood, and oil (liquid fat) components to collect, by density, apart from the refined, injection-quality fat.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Asken, S.|title=Autologous Fat Transplantation: Micro and Macro Techniques|journal= American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery |year=1987|volume= 4|issue=2|pages=111–121|doi=10.1177/074880688700400205|s2cid=79451948}}&lt;/ref&gt; To refine the fat for facial injection quality, the fat-filled syringes are centrifuged for 1.0 minute at 2,000 RPM, which separates the unnecessary solution, leaving refined filler-fat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Toledo | first1 = L. S. | title = Syringe liposculpture: A two-year experience | journal = Aesthetic Plastic Surgery | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 321–326 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1950806| doi = 10.1007/BF02273880 | s2cid = 33827789 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, centrifugation at 10,000 RPM for 10 minutes produces a &quot;collagen graft&quot;; the [[Histology|histologic]] composition of which is [[Cell (biology)|cell]] residues, [[collagen]] fibres, and 5.0 percent intact fat cells. Furthermore, because the patient's body naturally absorbs some of the fat grafts, the breasts maintain their contours and volumes for 18–24 months.&lt;ref&gt;Uebel, C.O. (1992) &quot;Facial Sculpture with Centrifuged fat Collagen&quot;, pp. 749–752 in Hinder, V.T. (Ed.) ''Plastic Surgery'' Vol. II. Amsterdam Excerpta Medica&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[#Schiffman|Schiffman]], p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:20845 Dr. Placik Chicago Arlington Heights Illinois Fat Grafting Breasts.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Fat-graft breast augmentation: the pre-operative aspects (left) and the post-operative aspects (right) of a large-volume non-surgical augmentation]]<br /> <br /> In the study ''Fat Grafting to the Breast Revisited: Safety and Efficacy'' (2007), the investigators reported that the autologous fat was harvested by liposuction, using a 10-ml syringe attached to a two-hole Coleman harvesting [[cannula]]; after centrifugation, the refined breast filler fat was transferred to 3-ml syringes. Blunt infiltration cannulas were used to emplace the fat through 2-mm incisions; the blunt cannula injection method allowed greater dispersion of small aliquots (equal measures) of fat, and reduced the possibility of intravascular fat injection; no sharp needles are used for fat-graft injection to the breasts. The 2-mm incisions were positioned to allow the infiltration (emplacement) of fat grafts from at least two directions; a 0.2&amp;nbsp;ml fat volume was emplaced with each withdrawal of the cannula.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Coleman | first1 = S. | title = Avoidance of arterial occlusion from injection of soft tissue fillers | doi = 10.1067/maj.2002.129625 | journal = Aesthetic Surgery Journal | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 555–557 | year = 2002 | pmid = 19332014 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The breasts were contoured by layering the fat grafts into different levels within the breast, until achieving the desired breast form. The fat-graft injection technique allows the plastic surgeon precise control in accurately contouring the breast{{snd}}from the chest wall to the breast skin envelope{{snd}}with subcutaneous fat grafts to the superficial planes of the breast. This greater degree of breast sculpting is unlike the global augmentation realised with a breast implant emplaced below the breast or below the pectoralis major muscle, respectively expanding the [[retromammary space]] and the retropectoral space. The greatest proportion of the grafted fat usually is infiltrated to the pectoralis major muscle, then to the retropectoral space, and to the prepectoral space, (before and behind the pectoralis major muscle). Moreover, although fat grafting to the breast [[parenchyma]] usually is minimal, it is performed to increase the degree of projection of the [[Cleavage (breasts)|bust]].&lt;ref name=Coleman/&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Fat-graft injection====<br /> The biologic survival of autologous fat [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]] depends upon the correct handling of the fat graft, of its careful washing (refinement) to remove extraneous blood cells, and of the controlled, blunt-cannula injection (emplacement) of the refined fat-tissue grafts to an adequately [[Circulatory system|vascularized]] recipient site. Because the body resorbs some of the injected fat grafts (volume loss), compensative over-filling aids in obtaining a satisfactory breast outcome for the patient; thus the transplantation of large-volume fat grafts greater than required, because only 25–50 percent of the fat graft survives at 1-year post-transplantation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | author = Guerney C.E. | year = 1938 | title = Experimental Study of the Behavior of Free fat Transplants | journal = Surgery | volume = 3 | pages = 679–692 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The correct technique maximizes fat graft survival by minimizing [[Cell (biology)|cellular]] trauma during the liposuction harvesting and the centrifugal refinement, and by injecting the fat in small aliquots (equal measures), not clumps (too-large measures). Injecting minimal-volume aliquots with each pass of the [[cannula]] maximizes the surface area contact, between the grafted fat-tissue and the recipient breast-tissue, because proximity to a vascular system ([[Circulatory system|blood supply]]) encourages [[Histology|histologic]] survival and minimizes the potential for fat necrosis.&lt;ref name=Coleman/&gt; Transplanted autologous fat tissue undergoes histologic changes like those undergone by a bone transplant; if the body accepts the fat-tissue graft, it is replaced with new fat tissue, if the fat-graft dies it is replaced by [[Fibrous connective tissue|fibrous tissue]]. New fat tissue is generated by the activity of a large, wandering [[Histiocyte|histocyte]]-type [[Cell (biology)|cell]], which ingests fat and then becomes a fat cell.&lt;ref&gt;Neuhof H. (1923) ''The Transplantation of Tissues'' New York:D. Appleton p. 74&lt;/ref&gt; When the breast-filler fat is injected to the breasts in clumps (too-large measures), fat cells emplaced too distant from blood vessels might die, which can lead to fat tissue necrosis, causing lumps, calcifications, and the eventual formation of liponecrotic cysts.<br /> <br /> [[File:21327 Dr. Placik Chicago Arlington Heights IL Breast AUgmentation Fat Grafting.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Fat-graft breast augmentation: the pre-operative aspects (left) and the post-operative aspects (right) of a medium-volume non-surgical augmentation]]<br /> <br /> The operating room time required to harvest, refine, and emplace fat to the breasts is greater than the usual 2-hour OR time; the usual infiltration time was approximately 2-hours for the first 100&amp;nbsp;cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; volume, and approximately 45 minutes for injecting each additional 100&amp;nbsp;cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; volume of breast-filler fat. The technique for injecting fat grafts for breast augmentation allows the plastic surgeon great control in sculpting the breasts to the required contour, especially in the correction of [[tuberous breast deformity]]. In which case, no fat-graft is emplaced beneath the nipple-areola complex (NAC), and the skin envelope of the breast is selectively expanded (contoured) with subcutaneously emplaced body-fat, immediately beneath the skin. Such controlled contouring selectively increased the proportional volume of the breast in relation to the size of the nipple-areola complex, and thus created a breast of natural form and appearance; greater verisimilitude than is achieved solely with breast implants. The fat-corrected, breast-implant deformities, were inadequate soft-tissue coverage of the implant(s) and [[capsular contracture]], achieved with subcutaneous fat-grafts that hid the implant-device edges and wrinkles, and decreased the palpability of the underlying breast implant. Furthermore, grafting autologous fat around the breast implant can result in softening the breast capsule.&lt;ref&gt;Rigotti G, Marchi A, Galiè M. et al. Clinical Treatment of Radiotherapy Tissue Damages by Lipoaspirates Transplant: a Healing Process Mediated by Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCS). Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (accepted for publication).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====External tissue expansion====<br /> The successful outcome of fat-graft breast augmentation is enhanced by achieving a pre-expanded recipient site to create the breast-tissue [[Matrix (biology)|matrix]] that will receive grafts of autologous adipocyte fat. The recipient site is expanded with an external vacuum tissue-expander applied upon each breast. The biological effect of negative pressure ([[vacuum]]) expansion upon [[soft tissues]] derives from the ability of soft tissues to grow when subjected to controlled, distractive, mechanical forces. (see [[distraction osteogenesis]]) The study reported the technical effectiveness of recipient-site pre-expansion. In a single-group study, 17 healthy women (aged 18–40 years) wore a brassiere-like vacuum system that applied a 20-mmHg vacuum (controlled, mechanical, distraction force) to each breast for 10–12 hours daily for 10 weeks. Pre- and post-procedure, the breast volume (size) was periodically measured; likewise, a magnetic resonance image ([[MRI]]) of the breast-tissue architecture and water density was taken during the same phase of the patient's [[menstrual cycle]]; of the 17-woman study group, 12 completed the study, and 5 withdrew, because of non-compliance with the [[clinical trial protocol]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Khouri | first1 = R. K. | last2 = Schlenz | first2 = I. | last3 = Murphy | first3 = B. J. | last4 = Baker | first4 = T. J. | title = Nonsurgical breast enlargement using an external soft-tissue expansion system | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 105 | issue = 7 | pages = 2500–2512; discussion 2512–4 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10845308 | doi=10.1097/00006534-200006000-00032| s2cid = 12772558 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The breast volume (size) of all 17 women increased throughout the 10-week treatment period, the greatest increment was at week 10 (final treatment){{snd}}the average volume increase was 98+/–67 percent over the initial breast-size measures. Incidences of partial recoil occurred at 1-week post-procedure, with no further, significant, breast volume decrease afterwards, nor at the follow-up treatment at 30-weeks post-procedure. The stable, long-term increase in breast size was 55 percent (range 15–115%). The MRI visualizations of the breasts showed no [[edema]], and confirmed the proportionate enlargement of the adipose and glandular components of the breast-tissue [[Matrix (biology)|matrices]]. Furthermore, a statistically significant decrease in body weight occurred during the study, and [[self-esteem]] questionnaire scores improved from the initial-measure scores.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Because external vacuum expansion of the recipient-site tissues permits injecting large-volume fat grafts (+300&amp;nbsp;cc) to correct defects and enhance the bust, the [[Histology|histologic]] viability of the breast filler (adipocyte fat) and its volume must be monitored and maintained. The long-term, volume maintenance data reported in ''Breast Augmentation using Pre-expansion and Autologous Fat Transplantation: a Clinical Radiological Study'' (2010) indicate the technical effectiveness of external tissue expansion of the recipient site for a 25-patient study group, who had 46 breasts augmented with fat grafts. The indications included [[micromastia]] (underdevelopment), explantation deformity (empty implant pocket), and congenital defects ([[tuberous breast deformity]], [[Poland syndrome|Poland's syndrome]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;Del Vecchio D pp. 68&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Pre-procedure, every patient used external vacuum expansion of the recipient-site tissues to create a breast tissue matrix to be injected with autologous fat grafts of adipocyte tissue, refined via low G-force centrifugation. Pre- and post-procedure, the breast volumes were measured; the patients underwent pre-procedure and 6-month post-procedure MRI and [[X-ray computed tomography|3D volumetric imaging]] examinations. At six months post-procedure, each woman had a significant increase in breast volume, ranging 60–200 percent, per the MRI (n=12) examinations. The size, form, and feel of the breasts was natural; post-procedure MRI examinations revealed no oil [[cysts]] or [[Breast diseases|abnormality]] ([[neoplasm]]) in the fat-augmented breasts. Moreover, given the sensitive, biologic nature of breast tissue, periodic MRI and 3-D volumetric imaging examinations are required to monitor the breast-tissue viability and the maintenance of the large volume (+300&amp;nbsp;cc) fat grafts.&lt;ref name=&quot;Del Vecchio D pp. 68&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Post-mastectomy procedures===<br /> Surgical post-mastectomy [[breast reconstruction]] requires general anaesthesia, cuts the chest muscles, produces new scars, and requires a long post-surgical recovery for the patient. The surgical emplacement of breast implant devices (saline or silicone) introduces a foreign object to the patient's body (see [[capsular contracture]]). The [[TRAM flap]] (Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous flap) procedure reconstructs the breast using an autologous flap of abdominal, cutaneous, and muscle tissues. The latissimus myocutaneous flap employs skin fat and muscle harvested from the back, and a breast implant. The [[DIEP flap]] (Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforators) procedure uses an autologous flap of abdominal skin and fat tissue.&lt;ref name=&quot;Khouri RK 2010&quot;&gt;Khouri RK (2010) Non-surgical breast reconstruction with autologous fat-grafts&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Post-mastectomy fat-graft reconstruction====<br /> The reconstruction of the breast(s) with grafts of autologous fat is a non-implant alternative to further surgery after a breast cancer surgery, be it a [[lumpectomy]] or a breast removal{{snd}}simple (total) mastectomy, radical mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, skin-sparing mastectomy, and subcutaneous (nipple sparing) mastectomy. The breast is reconstructed by first applying external tissue expansion to the recipient-site tissues ([[adipose]], [[gland]]ular) to create a breast-tissue matrix that can be injected with autologous fat grafts (adipocyte tissue); the reconstructed breast has a natural form, look, and feel, and is generally sensate throughout and in the nipple-areola complex (NAC).&lt;ref name=&quot;Khouri RK 2010&quot; /&gt; The reconstruction of breasts with fat grafts requires a three-month treatment period{{snd}}begun after 3–5 weeks of external vacuum expansion of the recipient-site tissues. The autologous breast-filler fat is harvested by liposuction from the patient's body (buttocks, thighs, abdomen), is refined and then is injected (grafted) to the breast-tissue matrices (recipient sites), where the fat will thrive.<br /> <br /> One method of non-implant breast reconstruction is initiated at the concluding steps of the breast cancer surgery, wherein the [[Oncology|oncological]] surgeon is joined by the reconstructive plastic surgeon, who immediately begins harvesting, refining, and seeding (injecting) fat grafts to the post-mastectomy recipient site. After that initial post-mastectomy fat-graft seeding in the operating room, the patient leaves hospital with a slight breast mound that has been seeded to become the foundation tissue matrix for the breast reconstruction. Then, after 3–5 weeks of continual external vacuum expansion of the breast mound (seeded recipient-site){{snd}}to promote the [[Histology|histologic]] regeneration of the extant tissues ([[adipose|fat]], [[gland]]ular) via increased blood circulation to the mastectomy scar (suture site){{snd}}the patient formally undergoes the first fat-grafting session for the reconstruction of her breasts. The external vacuum expansion of the breast mound created an adequate, [[Circulatory system|vascularised]], breast-tissue matrix to which the autologous fat is injected; and, per the patient, such reconstruction affords almost-normal sensation throughout the breast and the nipple-areola complex. Patient recovery from non-surgical fat graft breast reconstruction permits her to resume normal life activities at 3-days post-procedure.&lt;ref name=&quot;Khouri RK 2010&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Tissue engineering====<br /> =====The breast mound=====<br /> <br /> The breast-tissue matrix consists of engineered tissues of complex, implanted, biocompatible scaffolds seeded with the appropriate cells. The ''in-situ'' creation of a tissue matrix in the breast mound is begun with the external vacuum expansion of the mastectomy defect tissues (recipient site), for subsequent seeding (injecting) with autologous fat grafts of adipocyte tissue. A 2010 study, reported that serial fat-grafting to a pre-expanded recipient site achieved (with a few 2-mm incisions and minimally invasive blunt-cannula injection procedures), a non-implant outcome equivalent to a surgical breast reconstruction by [[DIEP flap|autologous-flap]] procedure. Technically, the external vacuum expansion of the recipient-site tissues created a skin envelope as it stretched the mastectomy scar, and so generated a fertile breast-tissue matrix to which were injected large-volume fat grafts (150–600&amp;nbsp;ml) to create a breast of natural form, look, and feel.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceC&quot;&gt;Khouri RK, Cardoso E, Marchi A, Rigotti G. (2010) [https://www.miamibreastcenter.com/reconstruction/tissue-engineering-breast-autologous-fat-grafting Tissue Engineering a Breast Mound by External expansion &amp; Autologous fat Grafting] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408081617/http://www.miamibreastcenter.com/reconstruction/tissue-engineering-breast-autologous-fat-grafting |date=2015-04-08 }}. miamibreastcenter.com&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The fat graft breast reconstructions for 33 women (47 breasts, 14 irradiated), whose clinical statuses ranged from zero days to 30 years post-mastectomy, began with the pre-expansion of the breast mound (recipient site) with an external vacuum tissue-expander for 10 hours daily, for 10–30 days before the first grafting of autologous fat. The breast mound expansion was adequate when the mastectomy scar tissues stretched to create a 200–300&amp;nbsp;ml recipient matrix (skin envelope), that received a fat-suspension volume of 150–600&amp;nbsp;ml in each grafting session.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceC&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> At one week post-procedure, the patients resumed using the external vacuum tissue-expander for 10 hours daily, until the next fat grafting session; 2–5 outpatient procedures, 6–16 weeks apart, were required until the plastic surgeon and the patient were satisfied with the volume, form, and feel of the reconstructed breasts. The follow-up mammogram and [[MRI]] examinations found neither defects (necrosis) nor abnormalities ([[Breast diseases|neoplasms]]). At six months post-procedure, the reconstructed breasts had a natural form, look, and feel, and the stable breast-volumes ranged 300–600&amp;nbsp;ml per breast. The post-procedure mammographies indicated normal, fatty breasts with well-vascularized fat, and few, scattered, benign oil cysts. The occurred complications included [[pneumothorax]] and transient cysts.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceC&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Explantation deformity=====<br /> The autologous fat graft replacement of breast implants (saline and silicone) resolves [[Complications (medical)|medical complications]] such as: [[capsular contracture]], implant shell rupture, filler leakage (silent rupture), device deflation, and silicone-induced [[granulomas]], which are medical conditions usually requiring re-operation and explantation (breast implant removal). The patient then has the option of surgical or non-implant breast corrections, either replacement of the explanted breast implants or fat-graft breast augmentation. Moreover, because fat-grafts are biologically sensitive, they cannot survive in the empty implantation pocket, instead, they are injected to and diffused within the breast-tissue matrix (recipient site), replacing approximately 50% of the volume of the removed implant{{snd}}as permanent breast augmentation. The outcome of the explantation correction is a bust of natural appearance; breasts of volume, form, and feel, that{{snd}}although approximately 50% smaller than the explanted breast size{{snd}}are larger than the original breast size, pre-procedure.<br /> <br /> =====Breast augmentation=====<br /> <br /> The outcome of a breast augmentation with fat-graft injections depends upon proper patient selection, preparation, and correct technique for recipient site expansion, and the harvesting, refining, and injecting of the autologous breast filler fat. Technical success follows the adequate external vacuum expansion of the recipient-site tissues (matrix) before the injection of large-volume grafts (220–650&amp;nbsp;cc) of autologous fat to the breasts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thaimedicalvacation.com/cal-stem-cell-breast/ |title=Autologous cell enriched breast lipotransfer | access-date=2012-07-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; After harvesting by liposuction, the breast-filler fat was obtained by low G-force syringe centrifugation of the harvested fat to separate it, by density, from the crystalloid component. The refined breast filler then was injected to the pre-expanded recipient site; post-procedure, the patient resumed continual vacuum expansion therapy upon the injected breast, until the next fat grafting session. The mean operating room (OR) time was 2-hours, and there occurred no incidences of [[infection]], cysts, [[seroma]], [[hematoma]], or tissue necrosis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Del Vecchio D pp. 68&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Del Vecchio | first1 = D. A. | last2 = Bucky | first2 = L. P. | s2cid = 205969440 | doi = 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182050a64 | title = Breast Augmentation Using Preexpansion and Autologous Fat Transplantation: A Clinical Radiographic Study | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 127 | issue = 6 | pages = 2441–2450 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21311393 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The breast-volume data reported in ''Breast Augmentation with Autologous Fat Grafting: A Clinical Radiological Study'' (2010) indicated a mean increase of 1.2 times the initial breast volume, at six months post-procedure. In a two-year period, 25 patients underwent breast augmentation by fat graft injection; at three weeks pre-procedure, before the fat grafting to the breast-tissue matrix (recipient site), the patients were photographed, and examined via intravenous contrast [[MRI]] or [[X-ray computed tomography|3-D volumetric imaging]], or both. The breast-filler fat was harvested by liposuction (abdomen, buttocks, thighs), and yielded fat-graft volumes of 220–650&amp;nbsp;cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; per breast. At six months post-procedure, the follow-up treatment included photographs, intravenous contrast MRI or 3-D volumetric imaging, or both. Each woman had an increased breast volume of 250&amp;nbsp;cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; per breast, a mean volume increase confirmed by quantitative MRI analysis. The mean increase in breast volume was 1.2 times the initial breast volume measurements; the statistical difference between the pre-procedure and the six-month post-procedure breast volumes was (P&lt; 00.0000007); the percentage increase basis of the breast volume was 60–80% of the initial, pre-procedure breast volume.&lt;ref name=&quot;Del Vecchio D pp. 68&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Non-surgical procedures==<br /> In 2003, the [[Thailand|Thai]] government endorsed a regimen of self-massage exercises as an alternative to surgical breast augmentation with [[breast implants]]. The Thai government enrolled more than 20 women in publicly funded courses for the teaching of the technique; nonetheless, beyond Thailand, the technique is not endorsed by the mainstream medical community. Despite the promising results of a six-month study of the therapeutic effectiveness of the technique, the research physician recommended to the participant women that they also contribute to augmenting their busts by gaining weight.&lt;ref name=&quot;indep&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/thailand-sponsors-slapping-to-enhance-breast-size-598437.html|title=Thailand sponsors slapping to enhance breast size|first=Jan|last=McGirk|date=2003-02-22|place=London|work=The Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Complications and limitations==<br /> ===Medical complications===<br /> In every surgical and nonsurgical procedure, the risk of [[Complications (medical)|medical complications]] exists before, during, and after a procedure, and, given the sensitive biological nature of breast tissues (adipocyte, glandular), this is especially true in the case of fat graft breast augmentation. Despite its relative technical simplicity, the injection (grafting) technique for breast augmentation is accompanied by post-procedure complications{{snd}}fat necrosis, calcification, and [[Sclerotic fibroma|sclerotic nodules]]{{snd}}which directly influence the technical efficacy of the procedure, and of achieving a successful outcome. The Chinese study ''Breast Augmentation by Autologous Fat-injection Grafting: Management and Clinical analysis of Complications'' (2009), reported that the incidence of medical complications is reduced with strict control of the injection-rate (cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/min) of the breast-filler volume being administered, and by diffusing the fat-grafts in layers to allow their even distribution within the breast tissue matrix. The complications occurred to the 17-patient group were identified and located with [[X-ray computed tomography|3-D volumetric]] and [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] visualizations of the breast tissues and of any sclerotic lesions and [[Breast disease|abnormal tissue]] masses (malignant neoplasm). According to the characteristics of the defect or abnormality, the sclerotic lesion was excised and liquefied fat was aspirated; the excised samples indicated biological changes in the intramammary fat grafts{{snd}}fat necrosis, calcification, [[Hyaline|hyalinization]], and [[fibroplasia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Mu | first1 = D. L. | last2 = Luan | first2 = J. | last3 = Mu | first3 = L. | last4 = Xin | first4 = M. Q. | title = Breast Augmentation by Autologous Fat Injection Grafting | doi = 10.1097/SAP.0b013e318189a98a | journal = Annals of Plastic Surgery | volume = 63 | issue = 2 | pages = 124–127 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19574890 | s2cid = 25002384 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The complications associated with injecting fat grafts to augment the breasts are like, but less severe, than the medical complications associated with other types of breast procedure. Technically, the use of minuscule (2-mm) incisions and blunt-[[cannula]] injection much reduce the incidence of damaging the underlying breast structures (milk ducts, blood vessels, nerves). Injected fat-tissue grafts that are not perfused among the tissues can die, and result in necrotic cysts and eventual calcifications{{snd}}medical complications common to breast procedures. Nevertheless, a contoured abdomen for the patient is an additional benefit derived from the liposuction harvesting of the adipocyte tissue injected to the breasts. (see [[abdominoplasty]])<br /> <br /> ===Technical limitations===<br /> When the patient's body has insufficient adipocyte tissue to harvest as injectable breast filler, a combination of fat grafting and breast implants might provide the desired outcome. Although non-surgical breast augmentation with fat graft injections is not associated with implant-related medical complications (filler leakage, deflation, visibility, palpability, [[capsular contracture]]), the achievable breast volumes are physically limited; the large-volume, global bust augmentations realised with breast implants are not possible with the method of structural fat grafting. Global breast augmentation contrasts with the controlled breast augmentation of fat-graft injection, in the degree of control that the plastic surgeon has in achieving the desired breast contour and volume. The controlled augmentation is realised by infiltrating and diffusing the fat grafts throughout the breast; and it is feather-layered into the adjacent pectoral areas until achieving the desired outcome of breast volume and contour. Nonetheless, the physical fullness-of-breast achieved with injected fat-grafts does not visually translate into the type of buxom fullness achieved with breast implants; hence, patients who had plentiful fat-tissue to harvest attained a maximum breast augmentation of one bra cup size in one session of fat grafting to the breast.&lt;ref name=Coleman/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Breast cancer===<br /> ====Detection====<br /> <br /> A contemporary woman's lifetime probability of developing breast cancer is approximately one in seven.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Gloeckler Ries | first1 = L. A. | last2 = Reichman | first2 = M. E. | last3 = Lewis | first3 = D. R. | last4 = Hankey | first4 = B. F. | last5 = Edwards | first5 = B. K. | title = Cancer survival and incidence from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program | journal = The Oncologist | volume = 8 | issue = 6 | pages = 541–552 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14657533 | doi=10.1634/theoncologist.8-6-541| s2cid = 35243360 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt; However, there is no causal evidence that fat grafting to the breast might be more conducive to breast cancer than are other breast procedures; because incidences of fat [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]] necrosis and calcification occur in every such procedure: breast [[biopsy]], implantation, [[radiation therapy]], [[Breast reduction plasty|breast reduction]], [[breast reconstruction]], and liposuction of the breast. Nonetheless, detecting breast cancer is primary, and calcification incidence is secondary; thus, the patient is counselled to learn self-palpation of the breast and to undergo periodic mammographic examinations. Although the mammogram is the superior diagnostic technique for distinguishing among cancerous and benign lesions to the breast, any questionable [[lesion]] can be visualized [[Medical ultrasound|ultrasonically]] and [[Magnetic resonance imaging|magnetically]] (MRI); [[biopsy]] follows any clinically suspicious lesion or indeterminate abnormality appeared in a [[radiograph]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Coleman&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Therapy====<br /> <br /> Breast augmentation via autologous fat grafts allows the [[Oncology|oncological]] breast surgeon to consider conservative breast surgery procedures that usually are precluded by the presence of alloplastic [[breast implants]], e.g. [[lumpectomy]], if cancer is detected in an implant-augmented breast. In previously augmented patients, aesthetic outcomes cannot be ensured without removing the implant and performing mastectomy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Karanas | first1 = Y. L. | last2 = Leong | first2 = D. S. | last3 = Da Lio | first3 = A. | last4 = Waldron | first4 = K. | last5 = Watson | first5 = J. P. | last6 = Chang | first6 = H. | last7 = Shaw | first7 = W. W. | doi = 10.1097/01.PRS.0000046667.56931.E1 | title = Surgical Treatment of Breast Cancer in Previously Augmented Patients | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 111 | issue = 3 | pages = 1078–1083; discussion 1083–6 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12621177 | s2cid = 46131412 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Handel | first1 = N. | last2 = Lewinsky | first2 = B. | last3 = Jensen | first3 = J. A. | last4 = Silverstein | first4 = M. J. | title = Breast conservation therapy after augmentation mammaplasty: Is it appropriate? | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 98 | issue = 7 | pages = 1216–1224 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8942907 | doi=10.1097/00006534-199612000-00015| s2cid = 45313894 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, [[radiotherapy]] treatment is critical to reducing cancerous recurrence and to the maximal conservation of breast tissue; yet, radiotherapy of an implant-augmented breast much increases the incidence of [[Complications (medical)|medical complications]]{{snd}}[[capsular contracture]], infection, extrusion, and poor cosmetic outcome.&lt;ref name=&quot;Coleman&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Post-cancer breast reconstruction====<br /> <br /> After mastectomy, [[Free flap breast reconstruction|surgical breast reconstruction]] with autogenous [[TRAM flap|skin flaps]] and with breast implants can produce subtle deformities and deficiencies resultant from such global breast augmentation, thus the [[breast reconstruction]] is incomplete. In which case, fat graft injection can provide the missing coverage and fullness, and might relax the [[capsular contracture|breast capsule]]. The fat can be injected as either large grafts or as small grafts, as required to correct difficult axillary deficiencies, improper breast contour, visible implant edges, capsular contracture, and tissue damage consequent to radiation therapy.&lt;ref name=Coleman/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> * {{cite book|ref=Schiffman|author=Schiffman MA|year=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-HYbvHxcKcC&amp;pg=PA3 |title=Autologous Fat Transfer: Art, Science, and Clinical Practice|publisher= Springer |place=Berlin, Heidelberg|isbn=978-3642004728}}<br /> * {{cite book|ref=Mary White Stewart|author=Mary White Stewart MD|year=2012|url=https://archive.org/details/siliconespillsbr0000stew|title=Silicone Spills: Breast Implants on Trial|publisher=Praeger|place=Santa Barbara, CA|isbn=978-0275963590|url-access=registration}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Breast surgery]]<br /> [[Category:Cosmetic surgery]]<br /> <br /> [[fr:Mammoplastie#Augmentation mammaire et prothèses]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiger_Baby_Films&diff=437945 2023-11-20T19:47:03Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|Indian film production company}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}} {{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}} {{Infobox company | name = Tiger Baby | logo = | type = Private limited company | industry = {{ubl|Entertainment|Film production|Film distribution}} | founded = October 2015 | hq_location = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India | founders = Zoya Akhtar&lt;br&gt;Reema Kagti | pr...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian film production company}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox company<br /> | name = Tiger Baby <br /> | logo =<br /> | type = [[Private limited company]]<br /> | industry = {{ubl|[[Entertainment]]|[[Film production]]|[[Film distribution]]}}<br /> | founded = October 2015<br /> | hq_location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]<br /> | founders = [[Zoya Akhtar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Reema Kagti]]<br /> | products = [[Film]]s<br /> | services = Film production&lt;br&gt;[[OTT platform]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Tiger Baby''' is an Indian film production company owned by film directors [[Zoya Akhtar]] and [[Reema Kagti]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/zoya-akhtar-reema-kagtis-tiger-baby-films-gets-unique-welcome-instagram-top-celebrities/|title=Zoya Akhtar and Reema Kagti's Tiger Baby Films gets a unique welcome on Instagram by top celebrities : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=2019-12-12|language=en|access-date=2019-12-20|archive-date=20 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220150415/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/zoya-akhtar-reema-kagtis-tiger-baby-films-gets-unique-welcome-instagram-top-celebrities/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/most-powerful-women/no-luck-by-chance/story/379645.html|title=No Luck By Chance- Business News|website=www.businesstoday.in|access-date=2019-12-20|archive-date=20 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220150416/https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/most-powerful-women/no-luck-by-chance/story/379645.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The company was founded in October 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zaubacorp.com/company/TIGER-BABY-FILMS-LLP/AAE-8720|title=TIGER BABY FILMS LLP - Company, directors and contact details {{!}} Zauba Corp|website=www.zaubacorp.com|access-date=2019-12-20|archive-date=20 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220150415/https://www.zaubacorp.com/company/TIGER-BABY-FILMS-LLP/AAE-8720|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Productions ==<br /> Tiger Baby made its debut production with the musical-drama ''[[Gully Boy]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/entertainment/bollywood/030717/why-zoya-akhtar-turned-producer.html|title=Why Zoya Akhtar turned producer|date=2017-07-03|website=The Asian Age|access-date=2019-12-20|archive-date=20 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220150415/https://www.asianage.com/entertainment/bollywood/030717/why-zoya-akhtar-turned-producer.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film premiered at the [[Berlin International Film Festival]] on 9 February 2019. Released on 15 February 2019, it is directed by Zoya Akhtar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/for-bank-xyz-inspiring-women-from-the-entertainment-industry-who-made-heads-turn-in-2019-501750.html|title=10 Inspiring Women From The Entertainment Industry Who Made Heads Turn In 2019!|date=2019-12-06|website=indiatimes.com|language=en|access-date=2019-12-20|archive-date=20 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220150418/https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/for-bank-xyz-inspiring-women-from-the-entertainment-industry-who-made-heads-turn-in-2019-501750.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Gully Boy'' is co-produced by Tiger Baby, and [[Farhan Akhtar]] and [[Ritesh Sidhwani]]'s Excel Entertainment Productions.<br /> <br /> The film won the Best Feature Film Award at Asian Academy Creative Award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/071219/gully-boy-wins-best-feature-film-award-at-asian-academy-creative-award.html|title='Gully Boy' wins best feature film award at Asian Academy Creative award|date=2019-12-07|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-12-20|archive-date=13 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213165959/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/071219/gully-boy-wins-best-feature-film-award-at-asian-academy-creative-award.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Gully Boy'' was selected as [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|India’s official entry]] for the [[92nd Academy Awards]] in the Best Foreign Language Film category.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/gully-boy-ranveer-singh-and-alia-bhatt-starrer-is-out-of-the-oscars-2020-race-read-more/articleshow/72809969.cms|title='Gully Boy': Ranveer Singh and Alia Bhatt starrer is out of the Oscars 2020 race, read more - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-20|archive-date=17 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217043729/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/gully-boy-ranveer-singh-and-alia-bhatt-starrer-is-out-of-the-oscars-2020-race-read-more/articleshow/72809969.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, the movie didn’t make it to the final shortlist of 10 International Feature Films announced by the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singh-alia-bhatt-starrer-out-of-academy-awards-race|title='Gully Boy' out of Oscar Race as 10 Short-Listed Films Announced|date=2019-12-17|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=2019-12-20|archive-date=20 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220150415/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singh-alia-bhatt-starrer-out-of-academy-awards-race|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> The production house released its first web series, ''[[Made in Heaven (TV series)|Made in Heaven]]'', on [[Amazon Prime Video]] India on 8 March 2019. The web series starred [[Arjun Mathur]] and [[Sobhita Dhulipala]] as the protagonists – Karan and Tara, who run a wedding planning agency by the titular name Made in Heaven.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/zoya-akhtar-on-made-in-heaven-have-always-been-fascinated-with-weddings-5613280/|title=Zoya Akhtar on Made in Heaven: Have always been fascinated with weddings|date=2019-03-06|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-20|archive-date=20 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220150416/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/zoya-akhtar-on-made-in-heaven-have-always-been-fascinated-with-weddings-5613280/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The web series is co-produced by Tiger Baby and Excel Entertainment. It is created by Zoya Akhtar and Reema Kagti, and the duo has written the screenplay along with scriptwriter and director Alankrita Shrivastava. It is directed by Zoya Akhtar, Nitya Mehra, Alankrita Shrivastava, and Prashant Nair.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}<br /> <br /> Tiger Baby also produced ''[[Eternally Confused and Eager for Love]]'' for Netflix, a story about an awkward 24-year old named Ray, navigating through life with the help of his 'inner voice'. The show was directed by Rahul Nair and starred Vihaan Samat in the lead role.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Sen |first1=Raja |title=Eternally Confused And Eager For Love: A smart take on not being smart enough |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com/how-to-lounge/movies-tv/eternally-confused-and-eager-for-love-a-smart-take-on-not-being-smart-enough-111647973598511.html |website=Mint Lounge |publisher=HT Media Group |access-date=21 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian companies established in 2015]]<br /> [[Category:Mass media companies established in 2015]]<br /> [[Category:Film production companies based in Mumbai]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Archies_(film)&diff=437944 2023-11-20T19:43:27Z

<p>PinkMelon: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Upcoming Indian film}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = The Archies<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | director = [[Zoya Akhtar]]<br /> | producer = Tiger Baby Productions<br /> | screenplay = {{plainlist|<br /> * Ayesha Devitre Dhillon<br /> * [[Reema Kagti]]<br /> * Zoya Akhtar<br /> }}<br /> | based_on = {{Based on|Characters|[[Archie Comics]]}}<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> * Agastya Nanda<br /> * Khushi Kapoor<br /> * Suhana Khan<br /> * Vedang Raina<br /> * Mihir Ahuja<br /> * Aditi &quot;Dot&quot; Saigal<br /> * Yuvraj Menda <br /> }}<br /> | music = '''Songs:'''&lt;br/&gt;[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]&lt;br/&gt;Ankur Tiwari&lt;br/&gt;The Islanders&lt;br/&gt;Dot.&lt;br/&gt;'''Background Score:'''&lt;br/&gt;[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]&lt;br/&gt;Jim Satya<br /> | cinematography = Nikos Andritsakis<br /> | studio = [[Tiger Baby Films]]<br /> | distributor = [[Netflix]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|2023|12|07|df=y}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''The Archies''''' is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Teen film|teen]] [[musical comedy film]] based on the [[The Archies|American comic book series of the same name]] produced by Tiger Baby Productions and directed by [[Zoya Akhtar]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Devarsi |date=May 16, 2022 |title='The Archies' film will be 'a true adaptation of the comics', says co-writer Reema Kagti |work=[[Scroll.in]] |location=[[Mumbai]] |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1023916/the-archies-film-will-be-a-true-adaptation-of-the-comics-says-co-writer-reema-kagti |access-date=May 16, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CBR&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=November 11, 2021 |title=The Archies, Netflix Announce Live-Action Musical Film Set in 1960s India |url=https://www.cbr.com/archies-netflix-live-action-musical/ |access-date=November 11, 2021 |website=Comic Book Resources}}&lt;/ref&gt; starring Agastya Nanda, Khushi Kapoor, Suhana Khan, Vedang Raina, Mihir Ahuja, Aditi Saigal and Yuvraj Menda.&lt;ref name=&quot;cast&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Hazra |first=Priya |date=May 14, 2022 |title=Here's A Look At The Cast Of Zoya Akhtar's 'The Archies' &amp; The Characters They Are Playing |work=[[ScoopWhoop]] |location=[[Mumbai]] |url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/entertainment/suhan-khan-agastya-nanda-star-cast-of-the-archies/ |access-date=May 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is scheduled to release on 7 December 2023 on [[Netflix]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Archies starring Suhana Khan, Agastya Nanda, Khushi Kapoor to premiere on Netflix on December 7, 2023|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/archies-starring-suhana-khan-agastya-nanda-khushi-kapoor-premiere-netflix-december-7-2023-see-unique-announcement/|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=29 August 2023 |access-date=29 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Premise==<br /> <br /> Set in 1960s India, Archie and the gang navigate romance, friendship and the future of Riverdale as developers threaten to destroy a beloved park.<br /> ==Cast==<br /> * Agastya Nanda as [[Archie Andrews]]<br /> * Khushi Kapoor as [[Betty Cooper]]<br /> * Suhana Khan as [[Veronica Lodge]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;<br /> * Vedang Raina as [[Reggie Mantle]]<br /> * Mihir Ahuja as [[Jughead Jones]]<br /> * Aditi Saigal as [[Ethel Muggs]]<br /> * Yuvraj Menda as [[Dilton Doiley]]<br /> *[[Koel Purie]] as [[Hermione Lodge]]<br /> *[[Tara Sharma]] as [[Families of Archie's Gang#Mary_Andrews|Mary Andrews]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/the-archies-movie-characters-release-date Everything You Need to Know About ‘The Archies’]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/film-tv/2023/06/21/whos-who-in-the-archies-film-including-shah-rukh-khans-daughter-suhana/ Who's who in The Archies film, including Shah Rukh Khan's daughter Suhana]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Vinay Pathak]]<br /> *[[Luke Kenny]]<br /> *[[Alyy Khan]] as [[Hiram Lodge]]<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> The production of the film began on 18 April 2022 during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofindia.com/web-series/news/hindi/the-archies-zoya-akhtars-musical-starring-suhana-khan-agastya-nanda-and-khushi-kapoor-officially-goes-on-floors/amp_articleshow/90904770.cms|title='The Archies' : Zoya Akhtar's musical starring Shana Khan, Agastya Nanda and Khushi Kapoor officially goes on floors|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=April 18, 2022|access-date=April 24, 2022}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/suhana-khan-agasthya-nanda-khushi-kapoors-debut-the-archies-announced-akshay-kumar-tests-covid-positive-for-second-time-5176591.html|title=Suhana Khan, Agasthya Nanda, Khushi Kapoor's Debut The Archies Announced; Akshay Kumar Tests Covid Positive For Second Time|website=News 18.com|date=May 14, 2023|access-date=June 18, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film concluded on 19 December 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/netflix-india-archies-wraps-production-1235465017/|title=Netflix's Indian Comic Book Adaptation 'The Archies' Wraps Production|work=Variety|date=December 19, 2022|access-date=December 20, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Music==<br /> The music of the film are composed by Ankur Tiwari, The Islanders, Dot. and [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], while the lyrics are written by [[Javed Akhtar]], Ankur Tiwari &amp; Dot.. The first song titled &quot;Sunoh&quot; was released on 19 October 2023. The second song titled &quot;Va Va Voom&quot; was released on 3 November 2023.<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = <br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Sunoh<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Javed Akhtar]], Dot.<br /> | music1 = Ankur Tiwari, The Islanders<br /> | extra1 = Tejas&lt;br/&gt;'''Additional Vocals:'''&lt;br/&gt;Shivam Mahadevan, Dot.<br /> | length1 = 3:06<br /> | title2 = Va Va Voom<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Javed Akhtar]]<br /> | music2 = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]<br /> | extra2 = Tejas, Chelsea Das, Kiara Alemao, Zoe Siddharth, Aryaman Singh, Brendan Alphonso, Urgen Yolmo, Shaurya Singh, Simran Duggal, Kenishaa Francis, Shane D'Souza<br /> | length2 = 2:08<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Marketing==<br /> The cast announcement for the film was released on 14 May 2022 by [[Netflix]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Keshri |first=Shweta |date=May 14, 2022 |title=Suhana Khan, Khushi Kapoor, Agastya Nanda's The Archies first-look poster and teaser is out |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/suhana-khan-khushi-kapoor-agastya-nanda-s-the-archies-teaser-and-poster-is-out-1949336-2022-05-14 |work=[[India Today Group]] |location=[[Mumbai]] |access-date=May 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The teaser of the film was released a month later on 17 June 2022. The teaser received mixed reviews.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Staff |first=Buzz |date=May 16, 2022 |title='Myntra Ad' to 'White People', 'The Archies' Reminds Twitter of Everything But a Movie|url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/the-archies-teaser-zoya-akhtar-twitter-reactions-5180647.html |work=[[Network18 Group]]|location=[[Mumbai]] |access-date=May 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[teaser trailer]] of the film was launched on 18 June 2023 in the [[Tudum|Tudum 2023]] event held in [[São Paulo]]. It was accompanied with a dance performance by the cast.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Mukherjee |first=Richa |date=June 19, 2023|title=Netflix Tudum 2023: The Archies Gang Rule The Dance Floor In Brazil |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/netflix-tudum-2023-the-archies-gang-rule-the-dance-floor-in-brazil-4131148 |work=[[NDTV]] |location=[[Delhi]] |access-date=June 19, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; The official trailer releasing over a year later on 9 November 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Connellan |first=Shannon |date=2023-11-09 |title=Netflix's 'The Archies' trailer promises a swinging '60s 'Riverdale' remake |url=https://mashable.com/video/netflix-the-archies-trailer-riverdale |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=[[Mashable]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|15979666|The Archies}}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Archies (film), The}}<br /> [[Category:Upcoming films]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on Archie Comics]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Zoya Akhtar]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in 1964]]<br /> [[Category:Films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic]]<br /> [[Category:Live-action films based on comics]]<br /> [[Category:Indian musical films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language Netflix original films]]<br /> [[Category:Upcoming Netflix original films]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Archies_(film)&diff=437943 2023-11-20T19:42:46Z

<p>PinkMelon: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Upcoming Indian film}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = The Archies<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | director = [[Zoya Akhtar]]<br /> | producer = Tiger Baby Productions<br /> | screenplay = {{plainlist|<br /> * Ayesha Devitre Dhillon<br /> * [[Reema Kagti]]<br /> * Zoya Akhtar<br /> }}<br /> | based_on = {{Based on|Characters|[[Archie Comics]]}}<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> * Agastya Nanda<br /> * Khushi Kapoor<br /> * Suhana Khan<br /> * Vedang Raina<br /> * Mihir Ahuja<br /> * Aditi &quot;Dot&quot; Saigal<br /> * Yuvraj Menda <br /> }}<br /> | music = '''Songs:'''&lt;br/&gt;[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]&lt;br/&gt;Ankur Tiwari&lt;br/&gt;The Islanders&lt;br/&gt;Dot.&lt;br/&gt;'''Background Score:'''&lt;br/&gt;[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]&lt;br/&gt;Jim Satya<br /> | cinematography = Nikos Andritsakis<br /> | studio = [[Tiger Baby Films]]<br /> | distributor = [[Netflix]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|2023|12|07|df=y}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''The Archies''''' is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Teen film|teen]] [[musical comedy film]] based on the [[The Archies|American comic book series of the same name]] produced by Tiger Baby Productions and directed by [[Zoya Akhtar]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Devarsi |date=May 16, 2022 |title='The Archies' film will be 'a true adaptation of the comics', says co-writer Reema Kagti |work=[[Scroll.in]] |location=[[Mumbai]] |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1023916/the-archies-film-will-be-a-true-adaptation-of-the-comics-says-co-writer-reema-kagti |access-date=May 16, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CBR&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=November 11, 2021 |title=The Archies, Netflix Announce Live-Action Musical Film Set in 1960s India |url=https://www.cbr.com/archies-netflix-live-action-musical/ |access-date=November 11, 2021 |website=Comic Book Resources}}&lt;/ref&gt; starring Agastya Nanda, Khushi Kapoor, Suhana Khan, Vedang Raina, Mihir Ahuja, Aditi Saigal and Yuvraj Menda.&lt;ref name=&quot;cast&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Hazra |first=Priya |date=May 14, 2022 |title=Here's A Look At The Cast Of Zoya Akhtar's 'The Archies' &amp; The Characters They Are Playing |work=[[ScoopWhoop]] |location=[[Mumbai]] |url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/entertainment/suhan-khan-agastya-nanda-star-cast-of-the-archies/ |access-date=May 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is scheduled to release on 7 December 2023 on [[Netflix]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Archies starring Suhana Khan, Agastya Nanda, Khushi Kapoor to premiere on Netflix on December 7, 2023|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/archies-starring-suhana-khan-agastya-nanda-khushi-kapoor-premiere-netflix-december-7-2023-see-unique-announcement/|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=29 August 2023 |access-date=29 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Premise==<br /> <br /> Set in 1960s India, Archie and the gang navigate romance, friendship and the future of Riverdale as developers threaten to destroy a beloved park.<br /> ==Cast==<br /> * Agastya Nanda as [[Archie Andrews]]<br /> * Khushi Kapoor as [[Betty Cooper]]<br /> * Suhana Khan as [[Veronica Lodge]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;<br /> * Vedang Raina as [[Reggie Mantle]]<br /> * Mihir Ahuja as [[Jughead Jones]]<br /> * Aditi Saigal as [[Ethel Muggs]]<br /> * Yuvraj Menda as [[Dilton Doiley]]<br /> *[[Koel Purie]] as [[Hermione Lodge]]<br /> *[[Tara Sharma]] as [[Families of Archie's Gang#Mary_Andrews|Mary Andrews]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/the-archies-movie-characters-release-date Everything You Need to Know About ‘The Archies’]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/film-tv/2023/06/21/whos-who-in-the-archies-film-including-shah-rukh-khans-daughter-suhana/ Who's who in The Archies film, including Shah Rukh Khan's daughter Suhana]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Vinay Pathak]]<br /> *[[Luke Kenny]]<br /> *[[Alyy Khan]] as [[Hiram Lodge]]<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> The production of the film began on 18 April 2022 during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofindia.com/web-series/news/hindi/the-archies-zoya-akhtars-musical-starring-suhana-khan-agastya-nanda-and-khushi-kapoor-officially-goes-on-floors/amp_articleshow/90904770.cms|title='The Archies' : Zoya Akhtar's musical starring Shana Khan, Agastya Nanda and Khushi Kapoor officially goes on floors|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=April 18, 2022|access-date=April 24, 2022}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/suhana-khan-agasthya-nanda-khushi-kapoors-debut-the-archies-announced-akshay-kumar-tests-covid-positive-for-second-time-5176591.html|title=Suhana Khan, Agasthya Nanda, Khushi Kapoor's Debut The Archies Announced; Akshay Kumar Tests Covid Positive For Second Time|website=News 18.com|date=May 14, 2023|access-date=June 18, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film concluded on 19 December 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/netflix-india-archies-wraps-production-1235465017/|title=Netflix's Indian Comic Book Adaptation 'The Archies' Wraps Production|work=Variety|date=December 19, 2022|access-date=December 20, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Music==<br /> The music of the film are composed by Ankur Tiwari, The Islanders, Dot. and [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], while the lyrics are written by [[Javed Akhtar]], Ankur Tiwari &amp; Dot.. The first song titled &quot;Sunoh&quot; was released on 19 October 2023. The second song titled &quot;Va Va Voom&quot; was released on 3 November 2023.<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = <br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Sunoh<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Javed Akhtar]], Dot.<br /> | music1 = Ankur Tiwari, The Islanders<br /> | extra1 = Tejas&lt;br/&gt;'''Additional Vocals:'''&lt;br/&gt;Shivam Mahadevan, Dot.<br /> | length1 = 3:06<br /> | title2 = Va Va Voom<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Javed Akhtar]]<br /> | music2 = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]<br /> | extra2 = Tejas, Chelsea Das, Kiara Alemao, Zoe Siddharth, Aryaman Singh, Brendan Alphonso, Urgen Yolmo, Shaurya Singh, Simran Duggal, Kenishaa Francis, Shane D'Souza<br /> | length2 = 2:08<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Marketing==<br /> The cast announcement for the film was released on 14 May 2022 by [[Netflix]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Keshri |first=Shweta |date=May 14, 2022 |title=Suhana Khan, Khushi Kapoor, Agastya Nanda's The Archies first-look poster and teaser is out |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/suhana-khan-khushi-kapoor-agastya-nanda-s-the-archies-teaser-and-poster-is-out-1949336-2022-05-14 |work=[[India Today Group]] |location=[[Mumbai]] |access-date=May 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The teaser of the film was released a month later on 17 June 2022. The teaser received mixed reviews.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Staff |first=Buzz |date=May 16, 2022 |title='Myntra Ad' to 'White People', 'The Archies' Reminds Twitter of Everything But a Movie|url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/the-archies-teaser-zoya-akhtar-twitter-reactions-5180647.html |work=[[Network18 Group]]|location=[[Mumbai]] |access-date=May 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[teaser trailer]] of the film was launched on 18 June 2023 in the [[Tudum|Tudum 2023]] event held in [[São Paulo]]. It was accompanied with a dance performance by the cast.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Mukherjee |first=Richa |date=June 19, 2023|title=Netflix Tudum 2023: The Archies Gang Rule The Dance Floor In Brazil |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/netflix-tudum-2023-the-archies-gang-rule-the-dance-floor-in-brazil-4131148 |work=[[NDTV]] |location=[[Delhi]] |access-date=June 19, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; The official trailer releasing over a year later on 9 November 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Connellan |first=Shannon |date=2023-11-09 |title=Netflix's 'The Archies' trailer promises a swinging '60s 'Riverdale' remake |url=https://mashable.com/video/netflix-the-archies-trailer-riverdale |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=[[Mashable]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|15979666|The Archies}}<br /> <br /> {{Zoya Akhtar}}<br /> {{Archie Comics in other media}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Archies (film), The}}<br /> [[Category:Upcoming films]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on Archie Comics]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Zoya Akhtar]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in 1964]]<br /> [[Category:Films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic]]<br /> [[Category:Live-action films based on comics]]<br /> [[Category:Indian musical films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language Netflix original films]]<br /> [[Category:Upcoming Netflix original films]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Archies_(film)&diff=437942 2023-11-20T19:41:08Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|Upcoming Indian film}} {{Infobox film | name = The Archies | image = The_archies.jpg | caption = Poster | director = Zoya Akhtar | producer = Tiger Baby Productions | screenplay = {{plainlist| * Ayesha Devitre Dhillon * Reema Kagti * Zoya Akhtar }} | based_on = {{Based on|Characters|Archie Comics}} | starring = {{plainlist| * Agastya Nanda * Khushi Kapoor * Suhana Khan * Vedang Raina *...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Upcoming Indian film}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = The Archies<br /> | image = The_archies.jpg<br /> | caption = Poster<br /> | director = [[Zoya Akhtar]]<br /> | producer = Tiger Baby Productions<br /> | screenplay = {{plainlist|<br /> * Ayesha Devitre Dhillon<br /> * [[Reema Kagti]]<br /> * Zoya Akhtar<br /> }}<br /> | based_on = {{Based on|Characters|[[Archie Comics]]}}<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> * Agastya Nanda<br /> * Khushi Kapoor<br /> * Suhana Khan<br /> * Vedang Raina<br /> * Mihir Ahuja<br /> * Aditi &quot;Dot&quot; Saigal<br /> * Yuvraj Menda <br /> }}<br /> | music = '''Songs:'''&lt;br/&gt;[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]&lt;br/&gt;Ankur Tiwari&lt;br/&gt;The Islanders&lt;br/&gt;Dot.&lt;br/&gt;'''Background Score:'''&lt;br/&gt;[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]&lt;br/&gt;Jim Satya<br /> | cinematography = Nikos Andritsakis<br /> | studio = [[Tiger Baby Films]]<br /> | distributor = [[Netflix]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|2023|12|07|df=y}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''The Archies''''' is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Teen film|teen]] [[musical comedy film]] based on the [[The Archies|American comic book series of the same name]] produced by Tiger Baby Productions and directed by [[Zoya Akhtar]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Devarsi |date=May 16, 2022 |title='The Archies' film will be 'a true adaptation of the comics', says co-writer Reema Kagti |work=[[Scroll.in]] |location=[[Mumbai]] |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1023916/the-archies-film-will-be-a-true-adaptation-of-the-comics-says-co-writer-reema-kagti |access-date=May 16, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CBR&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=November 11, 2021 |title=The Archies, Netflix Announce Live-Action Musical Film Set in 1960s India |url=https://www.cbr.com/archies-netflix-live-action-musical/ |access-date=November 11, 2021 |website=Comic Book Resources}}&lt;/ref&gt; starring Agastya Nanda, Khushi Kapoor, Suhana Khan, Vedang Raina, Mihir Ahuja, Aditi Saigal and Yuvraj Menda.&lt;ref name=&quot;cast&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Hazra |first=Priya |date=May 14, 2022 |title=Here's A Look At The Cast Of Zoya Akhtar's 'The Archies' &amp; The Characters They Are Playing |work=[[ScoopWhoop]] |location=[[Mumbai]] |url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/entertainment/suhan-khan-agastya-nanda-star-cast-of-the-archies/ |access-date=May 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is scheduled to release on 7 December 2023 on [[Netflix]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Archies starring Suhana Khan, Agastya Nanda, Khushi Kapoor to premiere on Netflix on December 7, 2023|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/archies-starring-suhana-khan-agastya-nanda-khushi-kapoor-premiere-netflix-december-7-2023-see-unique-announcement/|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=29 August 2023 |access-date=29 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Premise==<br /> <br /> Set in 1960s India, Archie and the gang navigate romance, friendship and the future of Riverdale as developers threaten to destroy a beloved park.<br /> ==Cast==<br /> * Agastya Nanda as [[Archie Andrews]]<br /> * Khushi Kapoor as [[Betty Cooper]]<br /> * Suhana Khan as [[Veronica Lodge]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;<br /> * Vedang Raina as [[Reggie Mantle]]<br /> * Mihir Ahuja as [[Jughead Jones]]<br /> * Aditi Saigal as [[Ethel Muggs]]<br /> * Yuvraj Menda as [[Dilton Doiley]]<br /> *[[Koel Purie]] as [[Hermione Lodge]]<br /> *[[Tara Sharma]] as [[Families of Archie's Gang#Mary_Andrews|Mary Andrews]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/the-archies-movie-characters-release-date Everything You Need to Know About ‘The Archies’]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/film-tv/2023/06/21/whos-who-in-the-archies-film-including-shah-rukh-khans-daughter-suhana/ Who's who in The Archies film, including Shah Rukh Khan's daughter Suhana]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Vinay Pathak]]<br /> *[[Luke Kenny]]<br /> *[[Alyy Khan]] as [[Hiram Lodge]]<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> The production of the film began on 18 April 2022 during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofindia.com/web-series/news/hindi/the-archies-zoya-akhtars-musical-starring-suhana-khan-agastya-nanda-and-khushi-kapoor-officially-goes-on-floors/amp_articleshow/90904770.cms|title='The Archies' : Zoya Akhtar's musical starring Shana Khan, Agastya Nanda and Khushi Kapoor officially goes on floors|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=April 18, 2022|access-date=April 24, 2022}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/suhana-khan-agasthya-nanda-khushi-kapoors-debut-the-archies-announced-akshay-kumar-tests-covid-positive-for-second-time-5176591.html|title=Suhana Khan, Agasthya Nanda, Khushi Kapoor's Debut The Archies Announced; Akshay Kumar Tests Covid Positive For Second Time|website=News 18.com|date=May 14, 2023|access-date=June 18, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film concluded on 19 December 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/netflix-india-archies-wraps-production-1235465017/|title=Netflix's Indian Comic Book Adaptation 'The Archies' Wraps Production|work=Variety|date=December 19, 2022|access-date=December 20, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Music==<br /> The music of the film are composed by Ankur Tiwari, The Islanders, Dot. and [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], while the lyrics are written by [[Javed Akhtar]], Ankur Tiwari &amp; Dot.. The first song titled &quot;Sunoh&quot; was released on 19 October 2023. The second song titled &quot;Va Va Voom&quot; was released on 3 November 2023.<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = <br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Sunoh<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Javed Akhtar]], Dot.<br /> | music1 = Ankur Tiwari, The Islanders<br /> | extra1 = Tejas&lt;br/&gt;'''Additional Vocals:'''&lt;br/&gt;Shivam Mahadevan, Dot.<br /> | length1 = 3:06<br /> | title2 = Va Va Voom<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Javed Akhtar]]<br /> | music2 = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]<br /> | extra2 = Tejas, Chelsea Das, Kiara Alemao, Zoe Siddharth, Aryaman Singh, Brendan Alphonso, Urgen Yolmo, Shaurya Singh, Simran Duggal, Kenishaa Francis, Shane D'Souza<br /> | length2 = 2:08<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Marketing==<br /> The cast announcement for the film was released on 14 May 2022 by [[Netflix]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Keshri |first=Shweta |date=May 14, 2022 |title=Suhana Khan, Khushi Kapoor, Agastya Nanda's The Archies first-look poster and teaser is out |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/suhana-khan-khushi-kapoor-agastya-nanda-s-the-archies-teaser-and-poster-is-out-1949336-2022-05-14 |work=[[India Today Group]] |location=[[Mumbai]] |access-date=May 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The teaser of the film was released a month later on 17 June 2022. The teaser received mixed reviews.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Staff |first=Buzz |date=May 16, 2022 |title='Myntra Ad' to 'White People', 'The Archies' Reminds Twitter of Everything But a Movie|url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/the-archies-teaser-zoya-akhtar-twitter-reactions-5180647.html |work=[[Network18 Group]]|location=[[Mumbai]] |access-date=May 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[teaser trailer]] of the film was launched on 18 June 2023 in the [[Tudum|Tudum 2023]] event held in [[São Paulo]]. It was accompanied with a dance performance by the cast.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Mukherjee |first=Richa |date=June 19, 2023|title=Netflix Tudum 2023: The Archies Gang Rule The Dance Floor In Brazil |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/netflix-tudum-2023-the-archies-gang-rule-the-dance-floor-in-brazil-4131148 |work=[[NDTV]] |location=[[Delhi]] |access-date=June 19, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; The official trailer releasing over a year later on 9 November 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Connellan |first=Shannon |date=2023-11-09 |title=Netflix's 'The Archies' trailer promises a swinging '60s 'Riverdale' remake |url=https://mashable.com/video/netflix-the-archies-trailer-riverdale |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=[[Mashable]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|15979666|The Archies}}<br /> <br /> {{Zoya Akhtar}}<br /> {{Archie Comics in other media}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Archies (film), The}}<br /> [[Category:Upcoming films]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on Archie Comics]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Zoya Akhtar]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in 1964]]<br /> [[Category:Films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic]]<br /> [[Category:Live-action films based on comics]]<br /> [[Category:Indian musical films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language Netflix original films]]<br /> [[Category:Upcoming Netflix original films]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khesari_Lal_Yadav&diff=436451 2023-11-02T19:18:03Z

<p>PinkMelon: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actor, singer, comedian and dancer}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Khesari Lal Yadav <br /> | image = Khesari Lal Yadav, 2019.jpg<br /> | imagesize = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Yadav in 2019<br /> | birth_name = Shatrughan Kumar Yadav<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|03|15}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Zee&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bhojpuri/special-story-on-the-birthday-of-bhojpuri-superstar-khesari-lal-yadav/506678/amp|title=बर्थडे स्पेशल: सड़क किनारे लिट्टी-चौखा बेचने वाले launda dance karne waale khesari lal ऐसे बने भोजपुरी के सुपरस्टार|work=[[Zee News]]|author=Pratik Shekhar|date=15 March 2019|access-date=15 March 2019|language=hi|archive-date=28 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328191708/https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bhojpuri/special-story-on-the-birthday-of-bhojpuri-superstar-khesari-lal-yadav/506678/amp|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Amar&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=एक जमाने में साइकिल को तरसते थे खेसारी, सड़क किनारे लिट्टी-चोखा तक बेचा, आज हैं करोड़ों के मालिक |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood/khesari-lal-yadav-birthday-special-here-are-his-life-struggle |access-date=26 February 2021 |work=Amar Ujala |date=16 March 2020 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | &quot;Education&quot; = <br /> | birth_place = [[Saran district|Dhanadih Saran]], [[Bihar]], India&lt;ref name=&quot;TNN2018&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=fir: FIR against ex-MP's kin |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/fir-against-ex-mps-kin/articleshow/65273860.cms |access-date=17 February 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=5 August 2018 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|singer|Dancer}}<br /> | years_active = 2011–present<br /> | known_for = The song &quot;Saiyan Arab Gaile Na&quot;<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|Chanda Devi|2006}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhaskar&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/c-268-LCL-bhojpuri-film-actor-khesari-lal-yadav-wife-pt0171-NOR.html |title=Bhojpuri film actor Khesari Lal Yadav wife |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |date=20 January 2018 |access-date=29 December 2018 |language=hi |archive-date=29 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229171337/https://www.bhaskar.com/news/c-268-LCL-bhojpuri-film-actor-khesari-lal-yadav-wife-pt0171-NOR.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | children = 2<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Shatrughan Kumar Yadav''' (born 15 March 1986), known professionally as '''Khesari Lal Yadav''',&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; is an [[Indian actor]], singer, dancer and model who primarily works in [[Bhojpuri cinema]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=' khesari lal ' से ऐसे बनें भोजपुरी सुपरस्टार khesari lal यादव', इनके कहने पर बदला था नाम...|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-superstar-khesari-lal-yadav-real-name-is-shatrudhan-kumar-yadav-this-person-changed-his-name-know-actor-struggle-div|access-date=6 August 2021|website=Prabhat Khabar - Hindi News|date=3 September 2020 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/Khesari-Lal-turns-inspector/articleshow/34368188.cms|title=Khesari Lal turns inspector|newspaper=The Times of India|date=29 April 2014|access-date=26 March 2016|archive-date=15 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115070232/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/Khesari-Lal-turns-inspector/articleshow/34368188.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Also known by the [[Initialism]] '''KLY''', Yadav has appeared in more than 70 films, and performed as vocalist in more than 5000 songs. Apart from Bhojpuri, he has also worked in [[Hindi]], [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] and [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] languages.<br /> <br /> Born in [[Chhapra]], [[Bihar]], Yadav began his singing career in late 2000s and has had a steady acting career since appearing in ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' in 2011. He made his Bollywood debut as a singer in 2014 with &quot;AK-47&quot; in the film ''[[Koyelaanchal]]''. He won ''Best Popular Actor'' at the 2016 [[Bhojpuri Film Awards]],&lt;ref name=&quot;track12&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=15 November 2016 |title=भोजपुरी सिनेमा के ये हैं सुपरस्टार..एक बार फिर किया साबित! &amp;#124; Khesari Lal Yadav won best popular actor award - Hindi Filmibeat |url=https://hindi.filmibeat.com/bhojpuri-movies/khesari-lal-yadav-won-best-popular-actor-award-057419.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406041231/https://hindi.filmibeat.com/bhojpuri-movies/khesari-lal-yadav-won-best-popular-actor-award-057419.html |archive-date=6 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; followed by ''Best Actor (Male)'' and ''Best Playback Singer (Male)'' at the [[Sabrang Film Awards]] in 2018 for his appearance in ''[[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna]]''. In 2019, he won four more awards for his role in the film ''[[Sangharsh (2018 film)|Sangharsh]]''. In 2019, he participated in the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)|Bigg Boss 13]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-13-shefali-jariwala-khesari-lal-yadav-enter-as-wild-card-contestants-2368427.html|title=Bigg Boss 13: Shefali Jariwala, Khesari Lal Yadav Enter as Wild Card Contestants|date=31 October 2019|work=[[News18]]|access-date=2 November 2019|archive-date=1 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101141423/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-13-shefali-jariwala-khesari-lal-yadav-enter-as-wild-card-contestants-2368427.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2020, his third Hindi film song and first Hindi-language single &quot;Ladki Patana,&quot; was released by [[Sony Music India]] which was followed by &quot;Tere Mere Darmiyaan&quot; in 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Khesari Lal Yadav impresses the audience with his new song 'Ladki Patana'|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://www.timesofindia.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/music/khesari-lal-yadav-impresses-the-audience-with-his-new-song-ladki-patana/amp_articleshow/77872083.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=खेसारी लाल यादव का नया हिन्दी गाना रिलीज, महज कुछ घण्टों में मिले 10 मिलियन व्यूज|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadav-new-hindi-song-tere-mere-darmiyan-released-got-10-million-views-on-youtube/videoshow/86110979.cms|access-date=12 November 2021|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Soon after, He collaborated with [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] to recreate the &quot;Pani Pani&quot; song in Bhojpuri language.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bureau|first=ABP News|date=6 December 2021|title=Teaser Of Badshah's 'Paani Paani' Bhojpuri Version Starring Khesari Lal Yadav &amp; Akshara Singh|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/badshah-paani-paani-bhojpuri-version-starring-khesari-lal-yadav-akshara-singh-teaser-out-now-watch-inside-1498032|access-date=9 December 2021|website=news.abplive.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2022, he made his debut as a screenwriter with his film ''[[Aashiqui (2022 Film)|Aashiqui]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aashiqui&quot;/&gt; YouTube featured his two songs on its list of the top Indian songs of 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=5 December 2022 |title=YouTube India trends 2022: Allu Arjun's 'Pushpa', Vijay's 'Beast' songs top charts |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/youtube-india-trends-2022-allu-arjuns-pushpa-vijays-beast-songs-top-charts/article66226188.ece |access-date=10 December 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Life==<br /> Khesari Lal Yadav was born as Shatrughan Kumar Yadav on 15 March 1986 in Dhanadih village of [[Saran district]] of [[Bihar]] in a low-income family.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Chandra |first1=Vyas |title=भोजपुरी स्‍टार खेसारी लाल यादव कोर्ट में हुए हाजिर तो मिली जमानत, जानिए सारण जिले का ये मामला |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-bhojpuri-star-khesari-lal-yadav-appeared-in-court-and-got-bail-know-this-matter-of-saran-district-22409626.html |access-date=17 February 2022 |work=Dainik Jagran |date=24 January 2022 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Zee&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TNN2018&quot;/&gt; He got the stage name &quot;Khesari&quot;, due to his habit to speak too much as a child, which was analogous to [[Khesari]], a crop, which doesn't need any water or [[Fertilizer]], and grows properly anywhere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=17 January 2023 |title=जानिए कैसे शत्रुघ्न कुमार बने भोजपुरी सिनेमा के लिए 'खेसारी', सुनिए एक्टर से मजेदार किस्सा |url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/bhojpuri-cinema/bhojpuri-star-khesari-lal-yadav-real-name-shatrughan-kumar-yadav-know-his-khesari-name-story-2309966 |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He was not born in his own house, as his parents' mud house had collapsed in the rain, and they had to rent a [[Pucca housing|pucca house]], where Khesari was born. His father, Mangaru Lal Yadav, worked as a street vendor selling [[Chana masala|Chana]] in the mornings and as a security guard at night to make ends meet. Khesari is one of seven siblings, three of whom are his own brothers. The other four are his uncle's sons, whose mother died at an early age. Khesari's mother stepped in to raise them. His father used to earn in Delhi and he used to live with his mother and uncle in [[Chhapra]]. Later his mother also left for Delhi to help her husband with household works and Khesari started living with his siblings and uncle. Khesari used to graze Cattles and sell their milks in his childhood.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=दिन में चना बेचते और रात में नौकरी करते थे पिता, आज स्‍टार है बेटा- याद कर निकल पड़े थे आंसू |url=https://www.jansatta.com/entertainment/khesari-lal-yadav-struggle-story-father-was-a-chana-seller-and-he-himself-used-to-sell-litti-chokha/621315/ |date= 4 April 2018 |access-date=20 October 2021 |work=Jansatta |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is married to Chanda Devi, whom he married in 2006. Yadav is said to be extremely devoted to his wife, calling her his lucky charm. They have a son and a daughter.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zee&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhaskar&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=कैसी दिखती है खेसारी लाल की बीवी |url=https://www.aajtak.in/visualstories/entertainment/khesari-lal-yadav-wife-chanda-devi-lifestyle-bhojpuri-actor-tmovb-11976-21-10-2022|work=Aajtak |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Khesari Lal Yadav Wife: भोजपुरी सुपरस्टार खेसारी लाल यादव की बीवी हैं बेहद खूबसूरत, पति के संघर्ष के दिनों में बेचती थी लिट्ठी-चोखा |url=https://www.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bhojpuri-superstar-khesari-lal-yadav-s-wife-chanda-devi-is-very-beautiful-see-pictures-here-2050619 |work=[[ABP News]] |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Khesari Lal Yadav Wife Chanda: पत्नी Chanda को लकी चार्म मानते हैं Khesari Lal Yadav |url=https://www.abplive.com/photo-gallery/states/bihar-bhojpuri-meet-khesari-lal-yadav-wife-chanda-devi-unseen-pics-bihar-2036433 |work=[[ABP News]] |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:KLY1.jpg|thumb|Khesari performing in a stage show]]<br /> During 1998-99 Yadav started his career as a theatre artist in [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] theatres, where he used to sing in [[Ramlila|Ramayana]] and Mahabharata, he also learnt the Bhojpuri folk dance [[Launda Naach]]. Later he also moved to [[Okhla]], Delhi, where he started selling [[Litti (cuisine)|Litti Chokha]] with his parents and wife.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=16 December 2021|title=Khesari Lal Yadav, Who Once Sold Litti-Chokha on Delhi Streets, is Now Bhojpuri King|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/khesari-lal-yadav-who-once-sold-litti-chokha-on-delhi-streets-is-now-bhojpuri-king-4561868.html|access-date=16 December 2021|website=News18|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Move over Mumbai, Delhi is the new centre of the burgeoning Bhojpuri music industry |work=[[The Print]] |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/move-over-mumbai-delhi-is-the-new-centre-of-the-burgeoning-bhojpuri-music-industry/228361/%3famp}}&lt;/ref&gt; With the money saved after selling Litti-chokha, He launched his first album by spending ₹12,000 but it was a big flop. After that he started working as a servant in Guddu Rangeela's house, who was a famous Bhojpuri singer in those days, after savings some money, he again spent ₹25,000 to launch his second album which got better response from audience and he got some fame. After that he started getting investments in projects from various music companies, but he had to do the marketing by his own. He told in many of his interviews that he himself used to promote his album cassettes in many districts of Bihar and UP, he used to go by train and wherever singing and dancing programs were held during the day or at night. He used to give some money to the sound operator there and ask him to play his song. He told that some people would agree but some people used to abuse and ask them to leave. He also told that sometimes he did not even have money to eat, so he used to sleep without eating.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Verma |first=Radha |date=18 October 2021 |title=सिंगर गुड्डू रंगीला के घर नौकर थे खेसारी लाल, रोटी बनाने से लेकर झाड़ू लगाने का करते थे काम|url=https://www.jansatta.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadav-struggle-the-bhojpuri-actor-used-to-be-a-servant-at-guddu-rangeela-home-this-is-how-his-life-changed/1881254/ |access-date=20 October 2021 |work=Jansatta|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After getting success as a singer, he moved to [[Mumbai]] to work in films. Yadav have disclosed that, the manager of [[Manoj Tiwari (politician)|Manoj Tiwari]] had kept him at Tiwari's house secretly. He learnt fight in this period and then Aalok Kumar starred him in ''Sajan Chale Sasural'', which became a hit and established him as an actor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=11 January 2023 |title=मनोज तिवारी के घर पर क्यों छिपकर रहे थे खेसारी लाल यादव, वजह जानने के लिए देखें वीडियो |url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/bhojpuri-cinema/bhojpuri-star-khesari-lal-yadav-latest-interview-with-abp-he-tells-he-lives-in-manoj-tiwari-house-without-his-permission-struggle-story-2304992 |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Acting career==<br /> <br /> === Early years (2012–2016) ===<br /> In 2012, he made his acting debut in Bhojpuri film Sajan Chale Sasural, in which he played the lead role as Sajan, a village boy who goes to town to marry the girl with which his marriage had fixed in his childhood. His second film was [[Jaan Tere Naam (2012 Film)|Jaan Tere Naam]], in which he played the character of a boy who wants to be an actor.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kumar |first=Akshaya |title=The libidinal economy of vernacularisation: modernity, sexuality and Bhojpuri media |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0163443721994543?journalCode=mcsa |journal= Media, Culture &amp; Society|year=2021 |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=776–784 |doi=10.1177/0163443721994543 |s2cid=233951305 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Akshaya Kumar, in one of his articles, writes that &quot;the film sets in motion a dialogue about cultural practices that defy the feudal family and awaken its ‘deviant’ anxieties&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; Between 2012 and 2016 he did 42 Bhojpuri movies including ''Nagin'' (2012), ''Ae Balma Biharwala'' (2013), ''Chhapra Express'' (2013), ''Pratigya 2'' (2014) and ''[[Khiladi (2016 film)|Khiladi]]'' (2016), which won four awards at [[Sabrang Film Awards|Sabrang Film Awards 2017]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=रवि किशन मोस्ट पॉपुलर एक्टर, निरहुआ को बेस्ट एक्टर अवार्ड|url=https://ndtv.in/bhojpuri-cinema/ravi-kishan-and-nirahua-at-sabrang-film-awards-2017-1770440|access-date=27 November 2021|website=NDTVIndia}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Establishment and Hindi film debut (2016–present) ===<br /> <br /> [[File:Khesari Lal Yadav, November 2017.jpg|thumb|Yadav in 2017]]<br /> In 2016, he made his [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] film debut in ''[[Global Baba]]'', in which he sang a song titled &quot;Holi Me Ude&quot; and performed in it too with [[Sandeepa Dhar]] and [[Pankaj Tripathi]]. For his role in ''[[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna]]'' (2017); which is a remake of the Telugu film ''[[Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule]]''; he won the awards for best actor and best playback singer at [[Sabrang Film Awards|Sabrang Film Awards 2018]]. After doing films like ''[[Mai Sehra Bandh Ke Aaunga]]'' (2017), ''[[Muqaddar (2017 film)|Muqaddar]]'' (2017), ''[[Damru (film)|Damru]]'' (2018), ''[[Dulhan Ganga Paar Ke]]'' (2018), he appeared in ''[[Sangharsh (2018 film)|Sangharsh]]'' (2018), which was a film with a social massage supporting the slogan [[Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana|Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao]]. The film won 19 awards at different award shows. In 2018, Yadav starred in [[Naagdev]], which was the first ever Bhojpuri film to use [[Vfx]]. VFX was used in nearly 40% of the movie scenes and it was the first Bhojpuri film to use VFX.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='नागदेव' बने खेसारीलाल यादव, Trailer में सांप और हीरोइन के रोमांस के साथ धमाकेदार एक्शन |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/entertainment/story-khesari-lal-yadav-starer-movie-nagdev-trailer-full-of-action-and-romance-2227879.html |access-date=4 October 2022 |website=Hindustan |language=hindi}}&lt;/ref&gt; His other films in this period are ''[[Balam Ji Love You]]'' (2018), ''[[Dabang Sarkar]]'' (2018), ''[[Coolie No. 1 (2019 film)|Coolie No. 1]]'' (2019). His film ''[[Baaghi- Ek Yoddha]]'' was a patriotic movie which also talked about the [[Muzaffarpur shelter case]]. He also did a [[sports film]] named ''[[Bhag Khesari Bhag]]'' (2019). In 2019, He also made his television debut by participating in the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' as a contestant.<br /> <br /> His film [[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna 3|''Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna 3'']] (2020) is the remake of the Tamil film [[Velaiilla Pattadhari|''Velaiilla Pattadhari'']]. His ''[[Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye (2021 film)|Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye]]'' (2021) was his first film to be shot overseas, 90% of the film was shot in London. His three more films in 2021 were shot overseas; ''Chori Chori Chupke Chupke'' and ''Pyar Kiya to Nibhana'' were shot in London whereas ''Saiyaan Arab Gaile Na'' was shot in [[Dubai]].<br /> <br /> His first release of 2022 was ''[[Aashiqui (2022 Film)|Aashiqui]]'', in which he also made his debut as screenwriter and played the role of an upper caste boy who goes against the traditional values for his love.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Vajpayee |first=Ruchi |date=27 February 2022 |title=इस तारीख को रिलीज होगी खेसारी लाल यादव और आम्रपाली दुबे की 'आशिकी', फिल्म में दिखेगा रोमांटिक अंदाज |url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/bollywood-bhojpuri-film-khesari-lal-yadav-and-amrapali-dubey-romantic-movie-aashiqui-will-released-on-4th-march-22503133.html |access-date=4 March 2022 |work=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; He next featured in ''Shadi Ho To Aisi'' which released in May. He next featured in ''[[Dulhaniya London Se Layenge]]'' which was shot in London and his co-actors were British Artist Grace Rhodes and [[Madhu Sharma]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=3 May 2022 |title=विदेशी एक्ट्रेस संग रोमांस करेंगे Khesari, जानिए कब रिलीज होगी भोजपुरी फिल्म 'Dulhaniya London Se Layenge' |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-khesari-lal-yadav-madhu-sharma-bhojpuri-film-dulhaniya-london-se-layenge-release-date-announced-on-13-may-raya-4230833.html |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; His next film ''[[Rowdy Inspector (2022 Film)|Rowdy Inspector]]'' released on different dates in parts of India in August 2022, the film is directed by [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] director Shankar. [[Meghasri]] acted in the female lead with Yadav and this was her Bhojpuri debut movie. In August 2022, He made his [[Haryanvi cinema|Haryanvi]] debut with Sapna Chaudhary on the music album ''Matak Matak.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 August 2022 |title=Sapna Choudhary-Khesari Lal Yadav New Song Update: The Pair Is Ready To Rock The Internet, With Their Upcoming Song |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/music/snippets-music/sapna-choudhary-khesari-lal-yadav-new-song-update-the-pair-is-ready-to-rock-the-internet-with-their-upcoming-song/2022/08/17 |access-date=19 August 2022 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 August 2022 |title=Sapna Choudhary, Khesari Lal Yadav To Come Together For Their Maiden Collaboration |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sapna-choudhary-khesari-lal-yadav-to-come-together-for-their-maiden-collaboration-5737291.html |access-date=19 August 2022 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; His next Bhojpuri film ''[[Doli Saja Ke Rakhna (2022 Film)|Doli Saja Ke Rakhna]]'' released in September 2022. The film got many screens across India and [[Nepal]] including 25 [[Multiplex (movie theater)|Multiplexes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 September 2022 |title=खेसारी लाल- आम्रपाली दुबे की 'डोली सजा के रखना' हुई देशभर में रिलीज, 25 मल्टीप्लेक्स के साथ मिली इतनी स्क्रीन |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-khesari-lal-and-amrapali-dubey-dubey-starrer-doli-saja-ke-rakhna-movie-release-bhojpuri-mogi-4540397.html |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 24 October, his film ''Bol Radha Bol'' released. His last film of 2022 was ''Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat,'' which released in December.<br /> <br /> His first film of 2023 was ''[[Farishta (2023 Film)|Farishta]]'', which released on 9 April. Yadav played the character of a [[mentally challenged]] person in this film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 March 2023 |title=Bhojpuri News: खेसारी लाल यादव ने 20 दिनों तक नहीं नहाया, वजह जानकर चौंक जाएंगे आप |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/patna-bhojpuri-actor-khesari-lal-yadav-not-bath-for-20-days-during-shooting-film-farishta-5485375.html |access-date=9 March 2023 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; This film was the biggest Bhojpuri hit of 2023 and ran houseful for weeks in the theatres.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=खेसारीलाल यादव और लाल बाबू पंडित की भोजपुरी फिल्म 'फरिश्ता' ने बनाया रिकार्ड |url=https://samacharsansaar.com/entertainment/khesarilal-yadav-and-lal-babu-pandits-bhojpuri-film-farishta-makes-record/1844/ |access-date=8 May 2023 |work=समाचार संसार |date=12 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; After that, ''Laadla 2'' released in September 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Giri |first=Mohan |date=19 September 2023 |title=इस दिन रिलीज होगी खेसारी लाल यादव का 'लाडला 2', मां- बेटे को प्यार को दर्शाएगी फिल्म, देखें वीडियो |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-khesari-lal-yadav-new-movie-ladla-2-will-release-on-20-september-2023-watch-trailer-7606463.html |work=News18 हिंदी |access-date=15 October 2023 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; In October, he starred as a cop in ''[[Sangharsh 2]]'', which was his biggest film in terms of budget. It received good response from the audience.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=कश्यप |first=आनंद |date=22 October 2023 |title=तलपती विजय को टक्कर दे रहे खेसारी लाल, भोजपुरी सुपरस्टार की 'संघर्ष 2' देखने के लिए सुबह से लाइन में लगे लोग |url=https://ndtv.in/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-is-giving-competition-to-leo-actor-thalapathy-vijay-people-are-standing-in-line-since-morning-to-watch-bhojpuri-movie-sangharsh-2-4500747 |website=NDTVIndia |access-date=22 October 2023 |lang=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Music career ==<br /> In his early days, Yadav used to sing in the ''[[Ramayan]]'' and ''[[Mahabharat]]''. His first album was released in 2008. Some of early famous songs are ''Saiyaan Arab Gaile Na'', ''Piyawa Rahele Saudi Re Bhauji'', ''Maal Bhetai Mela Me''. In 2014, he made his Bollywood Debut as a singer in the song &quot;AK-47&quot; from ''[[Koyelaanchal]]''. In 2016 he sang his second Bollywood song ''Holi Me Ude'' for the film ''[[Global Baba]]''. In 2017, he won the award of ''Best Playback Singer'', at [[Sabrang Film Awards|Sabrang Film]] Awards. His notable songs that year were ''Kawna Devta Ke Garhal Sawaral'' and ''Jaan Gaini E Ho Jaan''. In 2018, he released in one of the most popular songs ''Thik Hai'' from the single &quot;Premika Mil Gail&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; In 2020, he released his third Bollywood song and first Single ''Ladki Patana'' produced by [[Sony Music India]].<br /> <br /> === 2021 ===<br /> In 2021, his second Bollywood single ''Tere Mere Darmiyaan'' ''(In between I and You)'' was released. Yadav collaborated with Bollywood [[Rapper]] [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] in the Bhojpuri version of the famous Hindi song ''Pani Pani'', originally sung by [[Aastha Gill]] and Badshah himself. The Bhojpuri version was released under [[Saregama]] and Badshah rapped in Bhojpuri language.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=7 December 2021|title=Bhojpuri version of 'Pani-Pani' song released|url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/bhojpuri-version-of-panipani-song-released-ta303-1197096-1.html|access-date=9 December 2021|website=News Track|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Badshah Recreates His Track 'Paani Paani' In Bhojpuri|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-badshah-recreates-his-track-paani-paani-in-bhojpuri/404202|access-date=10 December 2021|website=www.outlookindia.com/|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song received more than one million views within 60 minutes of being uploaded on YouTube, and became the first Bhojpuri song to do so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 December 2021|title=Badshah recreates 'Paani Paani' in Bhojpuri|url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/badshahs-recreates-paani-paani-in-bhojpuri|access-date=15 December 2021|website=DESIblitz|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He worked with singer and Composer [[Shipra Goyal]] in his next Bollywood single ''Romantic Raja'', choreographed by [[Mudassar Khan]] and lyrics written by [[Kunaal Vermaa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Khesari Lal Yadav drops a new dance number 'Romantic Raja' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-drops-a-new-dance-number-romantic-raja/articleshow/88335102.cms|access-date=17 December 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Punjabi singer Shipra Goyal and Khesari Lal Yadav all set to create magic with their song 'Romantic Raja' {{!}} Bhojpuri Movie News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/bhojpuri/punjabi-singer-shipra-goyal-and-khesari-lal-yadav-all-set-to-create-magic-with-their-song-romantic-raja/videoshow/88259344.cms|access-date=17 December 2021|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; His other Hindi single was ''Tedhi Hai Par Meri Hai'' and Bhojpuri singles were ''Ladkiyo Ka Rog Na Paalo'', ''Naya Saal Naya Maal''.<br /> <br /> === 2022 ===<br /> Yadav sang the song ''Do Ghoont'' which was his first Bhojpuri single of 2022. The song was the remake of the song ''Do Ghut Mujhe bhi Pila De Sharabi'' from the 1973 Bollywood film [[Jheel Ke Us Paar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bhojpuri: हिंदी गाने 'दो घूंट' के भोजपुरी वर्जन का टीजर जारी, कल रिलीज होगा खेसारी लाल यादव का न्यू सॉन्ग|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood/bhojpuri-teaser-of-bhojpuri-version-of-hindi-song-do-ghoont-released-khesari-lal-yadav-new-song-will-be-released-tomorrow|access-date=4 January 2022|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Soon after he released another single ''Aashiq (Lover)'', video of which was shot in Germany.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=IWMBuzz|date=18 January 2022|title=Khesari Lal Yadav releases his first song 'Aashiq' with VYRL Bhojpuri|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/music/releases-music/khesari-lal-yadav-releases-his-first-song-aashiq-with-vyrl-bhojpuri/2022/01/18|access-date=9 February 2022|website=IWMBuzz|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; After releasing some Holi songs, he released ''Dream Me Entry''. He sung six songs in his film ''Aashiqui'' and released 23 Holi songs. He further released a Chaita song ''Le Le Aain Coca Cola'' ([[Literal translation|transl.]]: Bring Coca-Cola) which topped the global YouTube music chart. Another Bhojpuri single ''Nathuniya'' ''(The Nose ring)'' also made it to top 5 in the chart. His first Hindi single of the year, ''Kamariya Coca Cola'' released in April 2022 by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Khesari Lal Yadav's new song 'Kamariya Coca Cola' is out! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadavs-new-song-kamariya-coca-cola-is-out/videoshow/91133865.cms |access-date=27 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=27 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=भोजपुरी सिंगिंग सेन्सेशन खेसारी लाल यादव का नया गाना हुआ रिलीज, 3 घंटे में मिले 4 लाख से ज्यादा व्यूज |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/bhojpuri-singing-sensation-khesari-lal-yadav-new-song-kamariya-coca-cola-released |access-date=27 April 2022 |work=Prabhat Khabar |date=27 April 2022 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He sang on [[Salim–Sulaiman]]'s composition &quot;Tsunami&quot;, a Hindi song released in June 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 June 2022 |title=Khesari lal Song: 'बवाल' करने के बाद अक्षरा सिंह संग खेसारी लाल यादव लेकर आए 'सुनामी', मच गई तबाही |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-khesari-lal-yadav-akshara-singh-latest-hindi-song-tsunami-video-released-on-youtube-have-you-seen-it-raya-4314246.html |access-date=12 June 2022 |work=News18 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the same month he released one more Hindi single &quot;Unke Dil Me&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; (In Her Heart).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=New Bhojpuri Song 2022 {{!}} 'उनके दिल में' गाना हुआ रिलीज, खेसारी लाल यादव को फिर मिला प्यार में धोखा |url=https://www.enavabharat.com/video/the-song-unke-dil-mein-released-khesari-lal-yadav-got-cheated-in-love-again-571003/ |access-date=15 June 2022 |work=Navabharat Times |date=15 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; He further released Bhojpuri single &quot;UP Bihar&quot;, followed by a Hindi single &quot;Ya Khuda&quot; ''(O lord)'' in August.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kaur |first=Gurveen |date=2022-08-24 |title=Bhojpuri Heart-touching Song: Khesari Lal's new song 'Ya Khuda' will touch you to the core; watch video |url=https://www.dnpindia.in/entertainment/bhojpuri-heart-touching-song-khesari-lals-new-song-ya-khuda-will-touch-you-to-the-core-watch-video/88123/ |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=DNP INDIA |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; He further recreated the famous Bengali song &quot;Bondhu Teen Din&quot; ''(Buddy! Three days)'' in Bhojpuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;huntdailynews.in&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-04 |title=Bhojpuri Song: Khesari Lal's Bhojpuri-Bangla mix song is trending, Arshiya Arshi sang garda |url=https://huntdailynews.in/bhojpuri-song-khesari-lals-bhojpuri-bangla-mix-song-is-trending-arshiya-arshi-sang-garda/,%20https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-song-bondhu-teen-din-2-0-trending-video-raya-4691057.html |access-date=2022-10-06 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Khesari, then released two Hindi singles; First was &quot;Baarish&quot; (Rain) which released on October 9, 2022, featuring two [[Armenians|Armenian]] models, Par and Seda. The video was also shot in [[Armenia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-09 |title=Baarish Sad Song: आर्मीनिया की इस मॉडल के प्यार में पड़े खेसारी, मिला धोखा! बोले- 'बारिश तो बहाना है' |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-khesari-lal-yadav-hindi-sad-song-baarish-have-you-seen-video-raya-4715791.html |access-date=2022-10-09 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; The second was &quot;Mehfil&quot; with which he made his debut as a Composer too.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-13 |title=Khesari Trending Song: 1 ही दिन में वायरल हुआ खेसारी का हिंदी सॉन्ग 'महफिल', यूट्यूब पर कर रहा ट्रेंड, देखिए |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-khesari-lal-yadav-trending-hindi-sad-song-mehfil-gets-millions-views-in-a-day-raya-4738447.html |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-14 |title=Bhojpuri : खेसारी लाल यादव का नया गाना हिंदी सॉन्ग 'महफिल' ने मचाया धमाल, एक ही दिन में करने लगा ट्रेंड |url=https://www.hindirush.com/bhojpuri-news/bhojpuri-latest-song-khesari-lal-yadav-news-song-is-out-245430/ |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=Hindi Rush |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; He sung a sad Bhojpuri single &quot;Dil Tutal Hoi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhojpuri Gana 2022: किसने तोड़ा खेसारी लाल यादव का दिल, दर्द में बोले- दिल टूटल होई |url=https://ndtv.in/bhojpuri-cinema/bhojpuri-gana-2022-dil-tutal-hoi-khesari-lal-yadav-3427231 |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=NDTVIndia}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-13 |title=Bhojpuri Song: सपना चौहान ने खेसारी लाल यादव तोड़ा दिल, सामने आया 'दिल टूटल होई' का टीजर! |url=https://www.hindirush.com/bhojpuri-news/bhojpuri-song-khesari-lal-yadav-broke-his-heart-sapna-chauhan-teaser-of-dil-tuttal-hoi-came-out-245207/ |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=Hindi Rush |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; In first week of November, his single &quot;Tabla&quot; released.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=नम्रता मल्ला और खेसारी लाल यादव ने मिलकर बजाया शानदार 'तबला', दो दिन में इस भोजपुरी गाने ने पार किए 8 मिलियन व्यूज |url=https://ndtv.in/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-and-namrata-malla-new-song-tabla-has-crossed-8-million-views-in-two-days-3486972 |access-date=4 November 2022 |website=NDTVIndia}}&lt;/ref&gt; His ''Nathuniya'' and ''Le Le Aain Coca Cola'' got featured in YouTube annual list of Top Indian songs in 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === 2023 ===<br /> His song, &quot;Pagale Bana Di Ram Ji&quot; from the film [[Farishta (2023 film)|Farishta]] received good response from the audience and received over 3.6 million views within 24 hours of release.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Farishta Song: रिलीज हुआ फिल्म फरिश्ता का पहला गाना पागले बनादी राम जी, खेसारी ने अंदाज ने कियाम इम्प्रेस |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadav-upcoming-bhojpuri-film-farishta-song-pagale-banadi-ram-ji-full-video/videoshow/98686719.cms |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; In March, His single &quot;Nagin&quot; released, which got 5.5 million views in the first 24 hours of its release.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 March 2023 |title=Bhojpuri Song: खेसारी लाल यादव 24 घंटे में एक्टर ने बना डाली हिस्ट्री खेसारी ने कर दिया धमाल |url=https://dailynews24.in/bhojpuri-song-khesari-lal-yadav-the-actor-created-history-in-24-hours/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=dailynews24.in |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 22 April, he released the anthem &quot;Khele Super Gaints Lucknowwa&quot; of [[IPL]] team [[Lucknow Super Giants]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 April 2023 |title=IPL 2023: Lucknow Supergiants anthem 'Khele Supergiants Lucknowwa' by Bhojpuri star Khesari Lal Yadav causes stir; Watch |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/ipl-2023-lucknow-supergiants-anthem-khele-supergiants-lucknowwa-by-bhojpuri-star-khesari-lal-yadav-causes-stir-watch/articleshow/99691935.cms?from=mdr |access-date=22 April 2023 |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt; In September 2025, [[Delhi High Court]] restrained Yadav from engaging with any company other than Global Music Junction till September 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Prashant |date=6 September 2023 |title=Delhi High Court rules Bhojpuri singer Khesari Lal Yadav can only sell songs to Global Music Junction till September 30 2025 |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/delhi-high-court-bhojpuri-singer-khesari-lal-yadav-songs-global-music-junction |access-date=15 October 2023 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Philanthropy and service ==<br /> Yadav runs an NGO called &quot;Khesari Foundation&quot; which does charitable works across the country. He is the guardian of 62 orphan children and pays for their education. He visits an old age home every month and helps the flood victims of Bihar every year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=62 अनाथ बच्चों के 'पिता' हैं खेसारी लाल यादव, हर महीने उनकी पढ़ाई पर खर्चते हैं 3 लाख रुपए |url=https://www.jansatta.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadav-adapted-62-orphans-children-spent-3-lakh-per-month-for-their-education-donate-mony/1496925/ |work=Jansatta |date=15 August 2020 |access-date=31 July 2022 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Before Diwali in 2022, he distributed money to the needy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=19 October 2022 |title=दिवाली पर खेसारी लाल यादव ने बांटे 500 के नोट, जरूरतमंदों की सहायता करते दिखे थे एक्टर |url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/bhojpuri-cinema/bhojpuri-actor-khesari-lal-yadav-gives-500-rs-to-poor-people-on-last-diwali-2241511 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Artistry and criticism==<br /> One of the reasons of Yadav's popularity and stardom is due to his [[Lavanda Naach]] performances.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kumar |first=Akshaya |date=December 2016 |title=Bhojpuri Consolidations in the Hindi Territory: Infrastructure, Aesthetics, and Competing Masculinities in North India |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0974927616668006 |journal=BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=189–206 |doi=10.1177/0974927616668006 |s2cid=151315099 |issn=0974-9276}}&lt;/ref&gt; Even before his film debut, he was popular for his performances as Launda. Since ''Launda Naach'' is seen as taboo by the upper caste and undermines the performer's masculinity, Yadav was mocked for his performances and his masculinity was frequently questioned.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=औरत बनकर डांस किया तो सबने मुझे नामर्द कहा- जब छलका खेसारी लाल का दर्द, 'इंडस्ट्री के लोगों ने किया था भेदभाव' |url=https://www.jansatta.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadav-struggle-when-he-danced-in-a-costume-of-woman-he-had-to-face-discrimination-in-bhojpuri-film-industry/1758292/ |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=Jansatta |date=29 June 2021 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akshaya Kumar, sees his popularity form Launda Naach as a rebellion against the tag of universal disdain for the performer among the upper caste. Kumar, further mentions an interview of a Brahmin Classical music teacher from [[Buxar]], who lauded [[Manoj Tiwari (politician)|Manoj Tiwari]] and [[Pawan Singh]], but on the mention of Yadav, He said &quot;what is he, he is mere a launda&quot;. Yadav takes very bold position on this matter however, in an interview to Jogira in 2013 he said:&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Blockquote|text=I am still doing shows. If I must leave films for them, I will. I belong in the middle of the people. I sing to make them dance. I entertain them. Whatever I am, it is because of them. I cannot even think of being away from them The audience wants to see me in the real look even on the screen. I have also impersonated women in fifteen of my films, and all of them have been hits. I do not like becoming an officer or a rich man. I am not comfortable that way}}Kumar sees his popularity as, a pre-eminent force that shapes other competing masculinities of Bhojpuri order. According to him, Yadav surpasses his peers only by re-constituting the gender stereotypes, and this appearing as the pre-eminent rebellious figure.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Key<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> | Denotes films that have not yet been released<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bhojpuri===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Film<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2011||''Sajan Chale Sasural''||Sajan<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2012 || ''[[Jaan Tere Naam (2012 Film)|Jaan Tere Naam]]'' || ||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''Dil Le Gayi Odhaniya Wali'' ||Khesari Lal Yadav ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Devra Par Manva Dole'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Nagin'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Lahoo Ke Do Rang'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |2013 || ''Hawa Mein Udta Jaye Mera Lal Dupatta Malmal Ka'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Sapoot'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Doodh Ka Karz'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Pyar Jhukta Nahi'' || Kishan||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Pyar Kawno Khel Na Ha'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ae Balma Biharwala'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Sansaar'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Teri Kasam'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Kachche Dhaage'' ||Gopal ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Chhapra Express'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |2014 ||''Betaab'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Pratigya 2'' ||||<br /> |-<br /> |''Shola Shabnam'' ||||<br /> |-<br /> |''Charno Ki Saugandh'' ||||<br /> |-<br /> |''Tere Naam''||||<br /> |-<br /> |''Jaaneman''||Prem||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Khoon Bhari Maang''|| ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Lahoo Pukarela''|| ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Jo Jita Wahi Sikander'' ||||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Hathkadi'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Laadla'' ||Khesari||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |2015 ||''Latkhor''|| ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Saathiya''|| ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Tu Mera Hero''||||<br /> |-<br /> |''Bandhan''|| Suraj||<br /> |-<br /> |''Haseena Maan Jayegi''|| ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Inteqaam''||Aftab ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Jaanam'' ||||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Hero No.1'' ||||<br /> |-<br /> |''Khesari Ke Prem Rog''||Khesari||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2016 || ''Jwala'' || Deepak/Jwala||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Sajan Chale Sasural 2'' ||Sajan ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Dilwala'' ||Ajay ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Dabang Aashiq'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Khiladi (2016 film)|Khiladi]]'' ||Khesari ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Hogi Pyar Ki Jeet'' ||Suraj ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |2017||''[[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna]]''||Raja ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Aatankwadi'' ||Armaan ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Jila Champaran'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Hum Hai Hindustani'' ||Ram Hindustani ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Mai Sehra Bandh Ke Aaunga]]''|| Raja||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Muqaddar (2017 film)|Muqaddar]]'' ||Khesari Lal Yadav ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://m.patrika.com/ballia-news/bhojpuri-superstar-khesari-lal-and-kajal-movie-muqaddar-hit-on-youtube-2456883|title=भोजपुरी सुपस्टार खेसारी लाल के फिल्म मुकद्दर ने You Tube पर मचाया धमाल, अब तक इतने लोगों ने देखा|newspaper=Patrika|access-date=19 August 2018|archive-date=3 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703163324/https://m.patrika.com/ballia-news/bhojpuri-superstar-khesari-lal-and-kajal-movie-muqaddar-hit-on-youtube-2456883/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Kasam Paida Karne Wale Ki''||Cameo||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |2018 || ''Deewanapan'' ||Raja ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-kajal-raghwani-bhojpuri-movie-deewanapan-1859111|title=खेसारी लाल यादव का YouTube पर 'दिवानापन', दिल को छू लेने वाली कहानी ने मचाया धमाल|work=NDTV India|access-date=17 August 2018|archive-date=17 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817161202/https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-kajal-raghwani-bhojpuri-movie-deewanapan-1859111|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Damru (film)|Damru]]'' || Bhola||<br /> |-<br /> |''Rajajani'' || Raja ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Dulhan Ganga Paar Ke]]'' || Krishna||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-film-dulhan-ganga-paar-ke-kajal-raghwani-amrapali-dubey/1191759.html|title=खेसारीलाल यादव की फिल्‍म 'दुल्हिन गंगा पार के'10 अगस्‍त को मुंबई-गुजरात में होगी रिलीज|work=Prabhat Khabar|access-date=18 August 2018|archive-date=18 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818150644/https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-film-dulhan-ganga-paar-ke-kajal-raghwani-amrapali-dubey/1191759.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Sangharsh (2018 film)|Sangharsh]]''<br /> |Kanhaiya<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Balam Ji Love You]]''<br /> |Raju<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> || ''[[Naagdev]]'' <br /> |Naagdev/ Dev<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Nagdev Bhojpuri Movie|url=http://www.bhojpurifilmiduniya.com/2018/03/nagdev-bhojpuri-movie-star-casts-news.html|access-date=16 November 2018|website=www.Bhojpurifilmiduniya.com|archive-date=16 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116085754/http://www.bhojpurifilmiduniya.com/2018/03/nagdev-bhojpuri-movie-star-casts-news.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Dabang Sarkar]]'' <br /> |Veer Pratap Singh<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-movie-dabang-sarkar-salman-khan-1858847|title=खेसारी लाल यादव बन गए 'दबंग, बनाई ऐसी बॉडी सलमान खान को भी हो जाए रश्क|newspaper=NDTV Khabar|access-date=16 August 2018|archive-date=29 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529082513/https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-movie-dabang-sarkar-salman-khan-1858847|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2019<br /> |''[[Coolie No. 1 (2019 film)|Coolie No. 1]]''<br /> |Raja<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Baaghi- Ek Yoddha]]''<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-and-kajal-raghwani-starrer-baaghi-baaghi-ek-yodha-trailer-is-out/articleshow/71048430.cms|title=Khesari Lal Yadav and Kajal Raghwani starrer 'Baaghi Ek Yodha' trailer is out|date=9 September 2019|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Bhag Khesari Bhag]]''<br /> |Khesari subham<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadav-to-start-shooting-for-bhaag-khesari-bhaag-in-april-2191117.html|title=Khesari Lal Yadav to start shooting for 'Bhaag Khesari Bhaag' in April|last=Zee Media Bureau|date=29 March 2019|work=[[Zee News]]|access-date=30 September 2019|archive-date=30 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930062422/https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadav-to-start-shooting-for-bhaag-khesari-bhaag-in-april-2191117.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Meri Jung Mera Faisla]]''<br /> |Kishan<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/bhojpuri/watch-khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-movie-meri-jung-mera-faisala-official-trailer/videoshow/69309653.cms|title=देखिए, खेसारी लाल यादव की नई फिल्म 'मेरी जंग मेरा फैसला' का ऑफिशल ट्रेलर|date=13 May 2019|work=Navbharat Times|access-date=16 August 2019|language=hi|archive-date=16 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816052712/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/bhojpuri/watch-khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-movie-meri-jung-mera-faisala-official-trailer/videoshow/69309653.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2020<br /> | ''Ek Saazish Jaal''<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://m.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-khesarilal-yadav-new-movie-ek-saazish-jaal-trailer-goes-viral-on-social-media-20020868.html|title=खेसारीलाल की फिल्‍म 'एक साजिश जाल' का ट्रेलर आउट, हुआ वायरल|work=Jagran|access-date=22 February 2020|url-status=live|language=hi|archive-date=22 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222173507/https://m.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-khesarilal-yadav-new-movie-ek-saazish-jaal-trailer-goes-viral-on-social-media-20020868.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna 3]]''<br /> |Raja<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2021<br /> | ''[[Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye (2021 film)|Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye]]''<br /> |Raja<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hindi|first=TV9|date=4 January 2021|title='दुल्हिन वही जो पिया मन भाये' में खेसारी और काजल की रोमांटिक केमिस्ट्री, इस दिन आएगा ट्रेलर|url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/khesari-lal-yadav-film-dulhan-wahi-jo-piya-man-bhaye-first-look-out-trailer-will-releases-soon-446363.html|access-date=7 January 2021|website=TV9 Hindi|language=hi-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Saiyan Arab Gaile Na''<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=भावुक|first=मनोज|date=31 March 2021|title=Bhojpuri Film Review – होली पर रिलीज भइल खेसारीलाल के फिल्म 'सइयां अरब गइले ना'|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bhojpuri-news/saiyan-arab-gaile-na-khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-movie-review-3541328.html|access-date=31 March 2021|work=News18 India|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Chori Chori Chupke Chupke''<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Khesari Lal Yadav and Sahar Afsha starrer 'Chori Chori Chupke Chupke' will hit the big-screen on THIS date|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-and-sahar-afsha-starrer-chori-chori-chupke-chupke-will-hit-the-big-screen-on-this-date/articleshow/86160199.cms|access-date=16 September 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Baap Ji]]''<br /> |Raja<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ritu Singh impresses fans with her performance in Khesari Lal Yadav's 'Baapji'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/bhojpuri/ritu-singh-impresses-fans-with-her-performance-in-khesari-lal-yadavs-baapji/videoshow/86811287.cms|access-date=3 November 2021|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Litti Chokha (2021 film)|Litti Chokha]]''<br /> |Chhokha<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Khesari Lal Yadav and Kajal Raghwani starrer 'Litti Chokha' to release on THIS date|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-and-kajal-raghwani-starrer-litti-chokha-to-release-on-this-date/articleshow/86425359.cms|access-date=3 November 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Pyar Kiya To Nibhana''<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Khesari Lal Yadav and Kajal Raghwani starrer 'Pyar Kiya Toh Nibhana' will release on THIS date|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-and-kajal-raghwani-starrer-pyar-kiya-toh-nibhana-will-release-on-this-date/articleshow/86391953.cms|access-date=3 November 2021|work=The Times of India|date=21 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |2022<br /> |''[[Aashiqui (2022 Film)|Aashiqui]]''<br /> |Raja<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;Aashiqui&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Khesari Lal Yadav and Aamrapali Dubey starrer film 'Aashiqui' trailer is out! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-and-aamrapali-dubey-starrer-film-aashiqui-trailer-is-out/articleshow/87252630.cms|access-date=3 November 2021|work=The Times of India|date=25 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Shadi Ho To Aisi''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Dulhaniya London Se Layenge]]''<br /> |Raja<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Madhu Sharma and Khesari Lal Yadav's 'Dulhaniya London Se Layenge' will be released on THIS date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/madhu-sharma-and-khesari-lal-yadavs-dulhaniya-london-se-layenge-will-be-released-on-this-date/articleshow/90840741.cms |access-date=16 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=14 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title='दुल्हनिया लंदन से लाएंगे' का ट्रेलर रिलीज:लंदन की गलियों वाली फिल्म की कहानी पूरी तरह देसी; खेसारीलाल का दिखेगा अलग अंदाज |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/amp/local/bihar/news/khesarilal-yadav-madhu-sharma-and-british-actress-grace-rodges-film-dulhaniya-london-se-layenge-trailer-out-129664380.html |work=Dainik Bhaskar |access-date=13 May 2022 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Rowdy Inspector (2022 Film)|Rowdy Inspector]]''<br /> |Inspector Suraj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Doli Saja Ke Rakhna (2022 Film)|Doli Saja Ke Rakhna]]''<br /> |Raja<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Khesari Lal Yadav and Aamrapali Dubey start shooting for 'Doli Saja Ke Rakhna'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-and-aamrapali-dubey-start-shooting-for-doli-saja-ke-rakhna/articleshow/87501735.cms|access-date=3 November 2021|website=The Times of India|date=3 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Bol Radha Bol (2022 Film)|Bol Radha Bol]]''<br /> |Kisan<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Khesari Lal Yadav begins shooting for the film 'Bol Radha Bol' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-begins-shooting-for-the-film-bol-radha-bol/articleshow/90074356.cms |access-date=10 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=8 March 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat''<br /> |Raja<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat: Khesari Lal Yadav kick-starts shooting for his next Bhojpuri movie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/bhojpuri/raja-ki-aayegi-baraat-khesari-lal-yadav-kick-starts-shooting-for-his-next-bhojpuri-movie/videoshow/80749620.cms|access-date=16 February 2021|work=The Times of India|language=en|date=8 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |2023<br /> |[[Farishta (2023 Film)|''Farishta'']]<br /> |Murari<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=खेसारी लाल यादव की फिल्म &quot;Farishta&quot; का ट्रेलर वेब म्यूजिक पर कल होगा रिलीज – ख़बर हर दिन |url=https://www.khabarhardin.com/entertainment/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B5-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%AB/1006/ |access-date=22 February 2023 |website=www.khabarhardin.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Laadla 2]]<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Bhojpuri Movie Ladla 2 Trailer Release: मां और पत्नी की लड़ाई में किसके खेसारी बने लाडला 2! यहां देखें ट्रेलर |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-and-meghashree-new-bhojpuri-movie-ladla-2-release/1823899 |access-date=15 October 2023 |work=Zee News |date=14 August 2023 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Sangharsh 2]]''<br /> |Dharam Raj<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=खेसारी लाल यादव की मोस्ट अवेटेड फिल्म 'संघर्ष 2' का टीजर रिलीज, दमदार एक्शन करते दिखे एक्टर |url=https://ndtv.in/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-most-awaited-film-sangharsh-2-teaser-release-actor-seen-in-full-action-avatar-3782477 |access-date=22 February 2023 |website=NDTVIndia}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot; |''Aparadhi''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |Raja<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot;|''Vaastav''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |Post Production&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Shashikant |title=लखनऊ में एक साथ पांच भोजपुरी फिल्मों का हुआ भव्य मुहूर्त |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/movie-masti/bhojpuri-cinema/ravi-kishan-dinesh-lal-yadav-khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-films-muhurat-in-lucknow/articleshow/81248868.cms |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=Navbharat Times |date=27 February 2021 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot;|''Prem Ki Pujaran''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |Filming <br /> |-<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot;|''Son Of Bihar''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |Filming<br /> |-<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot;|''Godfather''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |Filming&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='गॉडफादर' में खेसारी लाल यादव के अपोजिट होगी यामिनी सिंह, जनवरी में होगी फिल्म की शूटिंग |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/bhojpuri/yamini-singh-will-be-opposite-khesari-lal-yadav-in-godfather-the-film-will-be-shot-in-january/1502799 |access-date=26 January 2023 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot;|''Rang De Basanti''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |Filming&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=कश्मीर पहुंची फिल्म 'रंग दे बसंती' की टीम, इस हीरोइन की हो रही भोजपुरी में लॉन्चिंग |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood/bhojpuri-movie-rang-de-basanti-team-reached-kashmir-actress-rati-pandey-is-ready-to-debut-in-industry-2023-03-14 |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot;|''Meharbaan'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |Filming<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2024<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot;|''Rajaram''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |Filming&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sakshi |first=Shiva |date=27 October 2023 |title=भोजपुरी सुपरस्टार खेसारी लाल यादव बने राम, अयोध्या में फिल्म 'राजाराम' की शूटिंग शुरु, एक्टर ने शेयर किया लुक |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/bhojpuri-film-superstar-khesari-lal-yadav-became-ram-shooting-of-film-rajaram-started-in-ayodhya-sxz |website=Prabhat Khabar |access-date=28 October 2023 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Story/screenwriter ====<br /> * ''[[Aashiqui (2022 Film)|Aashiqui]]'' - 2022&lt;ref name=&quot;Aashiqui&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Hindi===<br /> ====Films====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Film<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Co-stars<br /> ! Language<br /> ! Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2016||''[[Global Baba]]''||Cameo||[[Sandeepa Dhar]]||[[Hindi Language|Hindi]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Television ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |- <br /> ! Year <br /> ! Title <br /> ! Role <br /> ! Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2016<br /> |[[Yaaron Ki Baraat (TV series)|''Yaaron Ki Baraat'']]<br /> |As Himself <br /> |Episode 3, with [[Sania Mirza]] and [[Parineeti Chopra]]<br /> |-<br /> | 2019<br /> | ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 13)|Bigg Boss 13]]''<br /> | Contestant <br /> | Entered day 36, exited day 55<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Haryanvi===<br /> <br /> ==== Music videos ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Title<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Singer(s)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | &quot;Matak Matak&quot;<br /> |Vishwajeet Chaudhary <br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Awadhi===<br /> ====Films====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Film<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Co-stars<br /> ! Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot;|''Mere Naina Tere Naina''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |{{hlist|Khushboo Sharma|Kamkshi Thakur}}<br /> |Trailer out&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=खेसारी ने अब अवधी में जड़ा सिक्सर, भोजपुरी में जादू टोना की धमाकेदार दस्तक |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadav-starrer-mere-naina-tere-naina-trailer-out-know-more-details-about-the-film-2023-03-17 |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Discography==<br /> {{BLP unreferenced section|date=March 2022}}<br /> <br /> === Film songs ===<br /> <br /> ====Bhojpuri====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cccccf; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Film<br /> !Song<br /> !Music<br /> !Lyrics<br /> !Co-singers<br /> !Note<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2012<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|''Sajan Chale Sasuraal''<br /> |&quot;Tohra Mein Basela Paranwa&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|Ashok Kumar Deep<br /> |<br /> |Anamika Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Bhaiya Arab Gaile Na&quot;<br /> |<br /> |''[[Indu Sonali]]''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Kuchh Din Kare Da Gujar&quot;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|2017<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|''[[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna]]''<br /> |&quot;Kawna Devta Ke Garhal Sawaral&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|Rajnish Mishra<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Shyam Dehati<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Laga Ke Fair Lovely&quot;<br /> |Khushboo Jain<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Balamua Ho Tohre Se Pyar Ho Gail&quot;<br /> |Rajnish Mishra<br /> |[[Kalpana Patowary]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Sarso Ke Sagiya&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Pyare Lal Yadav<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;E Ka Hamke Piyawale Re&quot;<br /> |Khushboo Jain<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Jaan Gayini Ye Ho Jaan&quot;<br /> |Rajnish Mishra<br /> |[[Kalpana Patowary]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Sakhi Re Bar Pa Gaini&quot;<br /> |Pyare Lal Yadav<br /> |{{hlist|[[Indu Sonali]]| [[Alok Kumar (singer)|Alok Kumar]]}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2018<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|''[[Border (2018 Bhojpuri film)|Border]]''<br /> |&quot;Deewani Bhaili Nagma&quot;<br /> |[[Rajnish Mishra]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Aazad Singh<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Bol Yarwa Bol Bol&quot;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |<br /> |[[Alok Kumar (singer)|Alok Kumar]], Paresh Lal Yadav, [[Rajnish Mishra]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|2020<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|''[[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna 3]]''<br /> |&quot;Kehu Dil Ke Kewadi Khat Khatawata&quot;<br /> |Pyare Lal Yadav<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Hothwa Se Madhu Chuye&quot;<br /> |Ajit Hulchal<br /> |Khusboo Jain<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Laga Ke Vaseline&quot;<br /> |Yadav Raj<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Patar Patar Pan Ke Danti&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|Ajit Hulchal<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Chumma Have Ki Hawe Baam&quot;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Jawan Bujhaye Tawan Kala Rajaji&quot;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |2021<br /> |[[Litti Chokha]]<br /> |&quot;Muhalla Machis Ho Gya&quot;<br /> |Om Jha <br /> |Yadav Raj<br /> |[[Swati Sharma]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |''[[Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye (2021 film)|Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye]]''<br /> |&quot;Dil me Dhuka ke&quot;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |<br /> |Yadav Raj<br /> |PriyankaSingh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Ho gail E Sanam&quot;<br /> |[[Rajnish Mishra]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Kamar se sariya&quot;<br /> |Kundan Prit<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Raat bhar rahta&quot;<br /> |Ajit Hulchal<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Tohke Dilwa Me Aise&quot;<br /> |Kundan Prit<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|''Pyar Kiya To Nibhana''<br /> |&quot;Ladki Pata Rahe Hai&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|Rajnish Mishra<br /> |Shyam Dehati<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Aathwa Ajooba banawle&quot;<br /> |Ajit Hulchal<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Na Diya Chumma&quot;<br /> |Ashutosh Tiwari<br /> |Khusboo Jain<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;De De Pyar De&quot;<br /> |Santosh Utprati<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Pyar Ke Amrit&quot;<br /> |Ashutosh Tiwari<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;30&quot; |2022<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|[[Aashiqui (2022 film)|Aashiqui]]<br /> |&quot;Man Magan Magan&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|Om Jha<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|Shyam Dehati<br /> |Swati Sharma<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Tu Hi Aashiqi&quot;<br /> |Snigdha Sarkar<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Apna Dil Ke&quot;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Tu Ladki Hai 420&quot;<br /> |Swati Sharma<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Saree Ke Palet&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Arya Sharma<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Vijay Chauhan<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Shilpi Raj<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 October 2022 |title=Saree Ke Palet: खेसारी लाल और आम्रपाली का बेडरूम सीन हो रहा है वायरल, देखें वीडियो - Jan Bharat News |url=https://bharat.hindian.net/saree-ke-palet-khesari-lal-and-amrapalis-bedroom-scene-is-going-viral/ |access-date=3 October 2022 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Lalki Tikuliya&quot;<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Shadi Ho To Aisi<br /> |&quot;Baap Re Baap&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Dhananjay Mishra<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Pyare Lal Yadav<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Makai Ke Dana&quot;<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|[[Dulhaniya London Se Layenge]]<br /> |&quot;Rajau Kahike Bolawa&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|Rajnish Mishra<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Yadav Raj<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Khushbu Tiwari<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Doston Ki Bhabhi&quot;<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Dilwa Me Aake Aayise Samayilu&quot;<br /> |Rajnish Mishra<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Oth Ganna Jas&quot;<br /> |Yadav Raj<br /> |Khushboo Tiwari<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;High Heel Ke Sandal Me&quot;<br /> |Shyam Dehati<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Love Ke Laltain&quot;<br /> |Ajit Hulchul <br /> |Khushboo Tiwari<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Kehuwo Se Dilwa Lage Na Ram Ji&quot;<br /> |Rajnish Mishra<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|[[Rowdy Inspector (2022 film)|Rowdy Inspector]]<br /> |&quot;Alkatara&quot;<br /> |Om Jha<br /> |Satya Sawarkar<br /> |Alka Jha<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;AC Tani Best Ka Ke&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma<br /> |Prakash Barud<br /> |Priyanka Singh Chauhan<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Marad Kya Sambhalogi&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Om Jha<br /> |Vinay Nirmal<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Rangreza Ho&quot;<br /> |Arvind Tiwari<br /> |Priya Singh Rajput<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|[[Doli Saja Ke Rakhna (2022 film)|Doli Saja Ke Rakhna]]<br /> |&quot;Dil Ke Galti Ba&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|Arya Sharma<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Vijay Chauhan<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Hariyarki Odhaniya&quot;<br /> |Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;500 Me Ka Ka Karbu&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Honey B<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Kariha Kothariya Me Pyar&quot;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Chhote Baba<br /> |Sumit Singh Chandravanshi<br /> |Anamika Tripathi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Laal Ghaghra&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Golu Yadav<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Sutela Balam Godthariye&quot;<br /> |Alka Jha<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Bol Radha Bol<br /> |&quot;Kaanch Hi Baans Ke Bahangiya&quot;<br /> |Traditional, Pyare Lal Yadav<br /> |[[Kalpana Patowary]], Alka Jha<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Le Labari Bhabhari Na Khiyaibe&quot;<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Priyanka Singh <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Mehari Godiye Me Sutal Rahe&quot;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Chhote Baba Basahi<br /> |Sumit Singh Chandravanshi <br /> |Alka Jha<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Baat Payal Ke Pata Na Chale&quot;<br /> |Prem Sagar Singh<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=खेसारी लाल और मेघाश्री का रोमांटिक गाना 'बात पायल के पता न चले' देखा क्या आपने? |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/bhojpuri/watch-khesari-lal-yadav-meghasree-latest-bhojpuri-ronatic-song-baat-payal-ke-pata-na-chale/1438740 |access-date=13 November 2022 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat<br /> |&quot;Maar Ke Musukiya&quot;<br /> |Om Jha<br /> |Shyam Dehati<br /> |Aarohi Bhardwaj <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2023<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[Farishta (2023 Film)|Farishta]]<br /> |&quot;Kariya Dress&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|Krishna Bedardi <br /> |Krishna Bedardi <br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Laage Fir Se Banawle Bhagwan&quot;<br /> |Ajit Hulchul<br /> |Neha Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Pagale Banadi Ramji&quot;<br /> |Sunny Kishan<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Hindi ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cccccf; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Film<br /> !Song<br /> !Music<br /> !Lyrics<br /> !Co-singers<br /> !Note<br /> |-<br /> |2014<br /> |''[[Koyelaanchal]]''<br /> |&quot;AK-47&quot;<br /> |Sushant-Shankar<br /> |Surendra Mishra<br /> |<br /> |Song was in Bhojpuri language<br /> |-<br /> |2016<br /> |''[[Global Baba]]''<br /> |&quot;Holi me ude&quot;<br /> |Angel Roman &amp;<br /> Faizan Hussain<br /> |Shurya Upadhyay<br /> |[[Sona Mohapatra]]<br /> |He did a cameo in this song<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Non-film songs ===<br /> <br /> ====Bhojpuri====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Album/Single<br /> !Song<br /> !Music<br /> !Lyrics<br /> !Co-singer(s)<br /> !Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2018<br /> |''Premika mil gail''<br /> |&quot;Thik Hai&quot;<br /> |Ashish Verma<br /> |Azad Singh &amp;<br /> Pyarelal Yadav<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|2021<br /> |''Bandook''<br /> |&quot;Bandook&quot;<br /> |Ajay Verma<br /> |Bittu Vidyarthi<br /> |Kanishka Negi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Babua ke khus ka da''<br /> |&quot;Arrah me dobara&quot;<br /> |Ajay Sharma<br /> |Vishal Bharti<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Jhagda''<br /> |&quot;Jhagda&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma<br /> |Akhilesh Kashyap<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Pani Pani (Bhojpuri)''<br /> |&quot;Pani Pani&quot;<br /> |Shubham Raj<br /> |Ajit Mandal<br /> |[[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]], Rini Chandra<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Ka Kare Ara Jalu''<br /> |&quot;Ka Kare Ara Jalu&quot;<br /> |Shyam Sundar<br /> |Pawan Pandey<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;41&quot; |2022<br /> |''Do Ghoont''<br /> |&quot;Do Ghoont&quot;<br /> |Subham Raj<br /> |Ajeet Mandal<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Jadaa Lagata''<br /> |&quot;Jadaa Lagata&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Arya Sharma<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Krishna Bedardi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Lalu Bina Chalu Bihar Na Hoi''<br /> |&quot;Lalu Bina Chalu Bihar Na Hoi&quot;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Aashiq''<br /> |&quot;Aashiq&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Subham Raj<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Ajit Mandal<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Dream Me Entry''<br /> |&quot;Dream me entry&quot;<br /> |[[Akshara Singh]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Ja Kamay Rajau''<br /> |&quot;Ja Kamay Rajau&quot;<br /> |Tinku Tufan Kesari<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2'|Krishna Bedardi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Ara Junction''<br /> |&quot;Ara Junction&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Pithaiya''<br /> |&quot;Pithaiya&quot;<br /> |Chhotu Rawat<br /> |Akhilesh Kashyap<br /> |[[Akshara Singh]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Mitha Rang''<br /> |&quot;Mitha Rang&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Pyar Parso Ke Kail Na Rahe''<br /> |&quot;Pyar Parso Ke Kail Na Rahe&quot;<br /> |Raj Ghazipuri<br /> |Ajit Halchal<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Marad Ha Piyakkad''<br /> |&quot;Marad Ha Piyakkad&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma<br /> |Akhilesh Kashyap<br /> Arjun Aditya<br /> |Neha Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Kajra''<br /> |&quot;Kajra&quot;<br /> |Amit Kashyap<br /> |Akhilesh Kashyap<br /> |Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Dev Ke Dulari Maiya''<br /> |&quot;Dev Ke Dulari Maiya&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Arya Sharma<br /> |Dheeraj Kumar Prajapati<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Tractorwa Wala''<br /> |&quot;Tractorwa Wala&quot;<br /> |Pawan Pandey<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Odhani Se Gher Ke''<br /> |&quot;Diyawa Bari Odhani Se Gher Ke&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Rakhi Ragini<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Le Le Aai Cocacola''<br /> |&quot;Le Le Aai Cocacola&quot;<br /> |Sarvind Malhar<br /> |Prakash Barud<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Buniya''<br /> |&quot;Buniya&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Lonwe Pe Leli''<br /> |&quot;Lonwe Pe Leli&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma<br /> |Pawan Pandey<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Baanh La Jawaniya''<br /> |&quot;Baanh La Jawaniya&quot;<br /> |Keshav Studio, Patna<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Hardi Laage Jaan Ke''<br /> |&quot;Hardi Laage Jaan Ke&quot;<br /> |Raj Ghazipuri<br /> |Akhilesh Kashyap<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Teesra Lahar''<br /> |&quot;Teesra Lahar&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> Suraj Singh<br /> |Neha Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Nathuniya''<br /> |&quot;Nathuniya&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Current Kamariya''<br /> |&quot;Current Kamariya&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|Arya Sharma<br /> |Vijay Chauhan<br /> |Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Balma Ke Budhi''<br /> |&quot;Balma Ke Budhi&quot;<br /> |Shyam Dehati<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Madwa Me Yarwa''<br /> |&quot;Madwa Me Yarwa&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Sut Jala Kora Me''<br /> |&quot;Sut Jala Kora Me&quot;<br /> |Pawan Pandey<br /> Sanjeev Kumar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Baraf''<br /> |&quot;Baraf&quot;<br /> |Priyanshu Singh<br /> |Pawan Pandey<br /> |Neha Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Jaat Biradar''<br /> |&quot;Jaat Biradar&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Arya Sharma<br /> |Akhilesh Kashyap<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Dil Diwana''<br /> |&quot;Dil Diwana&quot;<br /> |Pawan Pandey<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2 June 2022 |title=सुपरस्टार खेसारी लाल का नया गाना रिलीज: 'दिल दीवाना' गाना को सोशल मीडिया पर खूब पसंद कर रहे लोग |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/patna/news/people-are-liking-the-song-dil-deewana-very-much-on-social-media-129883442.html |access-date=2 June 2022 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Aaja Reel Pe Dekhawatani''<br /> |&quot;Aaja Reel Pe Dekhawatani&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Palak Pandey<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Branded Laika''<br /> |&quot;Branded Laika&quot;<br /> |JP Tiwari<br /> |Pankaj Vasudhari<br /> Akhilesh Kashyap<br /> |Shivani Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Barat Tohar Fir Jai''<br /> |&quot;Barar Tohar Fir Jai&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma <br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''UP Bihar''<br /> |&quot;UP Bihar&quot;<br /> |Priyanshu Singh<br /> |Pawan Pandey<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Aratiya Dharatiya Pa Hota''<br /> |&quot;Aratiya Dharatiya Pa Hota&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma<br /> |Pyare Lal Yadav<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Durga Puja Ke Chanda 2''<br /> |&quot;Durga Puja Ke Chanda 2&quot;<br /> |Vivek Singh <br /> |Azad Singh <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Priyanka Singh <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Duariya Aili E Maai''<br /> |&quot;Duari Aili E Maai&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Krishna Bedardi <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Bondhu Teen Din 2.0''<br /> |&quot;Bondhu Teen Din&quot;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Arya Sharma<br /> |Shilpi Raj<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;huntdailynews.in&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Dil Tutal Hoi''<br /> |&quot;Dil Tutal Hoi&quot;<br /> |LC Praveen<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Tabla''<br /> |&quot;Tabla&quot;<br /> |Subham Raj<br /> |DK Diwana<br /> |Shilpi Raj<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Haseena''<br /> |&quot;Haseena&quot;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Anupma Yadav<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Anushka |date=2 December 2022 |title=Khesari Lal with Anupama is a revelation, watch the hot song 'Haseena' that has taken netizens by surprise |url=https://www.dnpindia.in/entertainment/khesari-lal-with-anupama-is-a-revelation-watch-the-hot-song-haseena-that-has-taken-netizens-by-surprise/136444/ |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=DNP INDIA |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Dhamaka Hoi Arrah Me 2.0''<br /> |&quot;Murugiya Arrah Ke Hiya&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Krishna Bedardi <br /> |Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2023<br /> |Jhagda 2.0<br /> |&quot;Jhagda 2.0&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi <br /> |Krishna Bedardi <br /> |Neha Raj<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 January 2023 |title=VIDEO: मनोरंजन होगा खूब तगड़ा, खेसारी लाल यादव लेकर आए गए 'झगड़ा 2.O' सुपर ट्रेंड कर रहा ये गाना |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-khesari-lal-yadav-release-his-new-bhojpuri-song-jhagda-2-watch-video-5190029.html |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Naagin<br /> |&quot;Naagin&quot;<br /> |Arjun Sharma <br /> |Arjun Sharma<br /> |Kushi Kakkar<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Khesari Lal Yadav and Shweta Sharma's new dance number 'Nagin' is out! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-and-shweta-sharmas-new-dance-number-nagin-is-out/articleshow/98933973.cms?from=mdr |access-date=24 March 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Hindi ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Album/Single<br /> !Song<br /> !Music<br /> !Lyrics<br /> !Co-singer(s)<br /> !Notes<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2020<br /> |''Ladki Patana''<br /> |&quot;Ladki Patana&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|Vinay Vinayak<br /> |Jahid Akhtar<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''ishq''<br /> |&quot;ishq&quot;<br /> |Yadav Raj<br /> |Kanishka Negi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2021<br /> |''Tere Mere Darmiyaan''<br /> |&quot;Tere Mere Darmiyaan&quot;<br /> |Anupam Pandey<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Romantic Raja''<br /> |&quot;Romantic Raja&quot;<br /> |[[Shipra Goyal]]<br /> |[[Kunaal Vermaa]]<br /> |[[Shipra Goyal]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Tedhi Hai Par Meri Hai''<br /> |&quot;Tedhi Hai Par Meri Hai&quot;<br /> |Sajan Mishra<br /> |Ashutosh Tiwari, Birju Pal<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2022<br /> |''Kamariya Coca Cola''<br /> |&quot;Kamariya Coca Cola&quot;<br /> |Vinay Vinayak<br /> |Yadav Raj<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Tsunami''<br /> |&quot;Tsunami&quot;<br /> |[[Salim-Sulaiman]]<br /> |Surjeet Yadav<br /> Sraddha Pandit, Aditya Kalway<br /> |[[Akshara Singh]]<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Unke Dil Me''<br /> |&quot;Unke Dil Me&quot;<br /> |Shubham Raj<br /> |Ajay Bacchan<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Ya Khuda''<br /> |&quot;Ya Khuda&quot;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Vinay Vinayak<br /> |Anupam Pandey<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Baarish''<br /> |&quot;Baarish&quot;<br /> |Pinku Baba,<br /> Chandan Babu<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Mehfil''<br /> |&quot;Mehfil&quot;<br /> |Khesari Lal Yadav<br /> |Shardha Pandit<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== As a composer ====<br /> <br /> * ''Mehfil''<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Award<br /> ! Category<br /> ! Work<br /> ! Result<br /> ! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019<br /> |Bhojpuri Cine Awards<br /> |rowspan=3|Best Actor (Male) <br /> |rowspan=2|''Sangharsh''<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindirush.com/bhojpuri-news/bhojpuri-cinema-screen-and-stage-awards-2019-khesari-lal-yadav-sangharsh-kajal-raghwani-127182/|title=BCSASA 2019: फिल्म संघर्ष के लिए खेसारी लाल यादव को मिला बेस्ट एक्टर का अवार्ड, जानिए पूरी लिस्ट|last=Ramesh Kumar|date=22 September 2019|work=Hindi Rush|access-date=23 September 2019|language=hi|archive-date=23 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923162900/https://www.hindirush.com/bhojpuri-news/bhojpuri-cinema-screen-and-stage-awards-2019-khesari-lal-yadav-sangharsh-kajal-raghwani-127182/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3|[[Sabrang Film Awards]]<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/bihar/patna/news/bhojpuri-superstar-khesarilal-yadav-honored-siwan39s-vikas-singh-094005-5421688.html|title=सीवान के विकास सिंह को भोजपुरी सुपर स्टार खेसारीलाल यादव ने किया सम्मानित|last=Bhaskar News Network|date=7 September 2019|work=Dainik Bhaskar|access-date=10 September 2019|language=hi|archive-date=17 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017060200/https://www.bhaskar.com/bihar/patna/news/bhojpuri-superstar-khesarilal-yadav-honored-siwan39s-vikas-singh-094005-5421688.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3|2018<br /> |''Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna''<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Most Popular Actor<br /> |<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Bhojpuri Cine Awards<br /> | Best Actor<br /> |''Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna'' <br /> | {{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-cine-awards-2018-live-updates-2105450.html/amp|title=Bhojpuri Cine Awards 2018 live updates: Ravi Kishan-Manoj Tiwari add the star power!|work=Zee News|access-date=29 October 2018|archive-date=29 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029232407/https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-cine-awards-2018-live-updates-2105450.html/amp|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2016<br /> |Most Popular Actor<br /> |<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;track12&quot;/&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Nilkamal Singh]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category}}<br /> * {{IMDb name|id=6378386}}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Khesari Lal}}<br /> [[Category:1986 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Bhojpuri cinema]]<br /> [[Category:People from Siwan district]]<br /> [[Category:Singers from Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) contestants]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khesari_Lal_Yadav&diff=436450 2023-11-02T19:16:52Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|Indian actor, singer, comedian and dancer}} {{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} {{Infobox person | name = Khesari Lal Yadav | image = Khesari Lal Yadav, 2019.jpg | imagesize = | alt = | caption = Yadav in 2019 | birth_name = Shatrughan Kumar Yadav | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|03|15}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Zee&quot;&gt;{{cite news|ur...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actor, singer, comedian and dancer}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Khesari Lal Yadav <br /> | image = Khesari Lal Yadav, 2019.jpg<br /> | imagesize = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Yadav in 2019<br /> | birth_name = Shatrughan Kumar Yadav<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|03|15}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Zee&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bhojpuri/special-story-on-the-birthday-of-bhojpuri-superstar-khesari-lal-yadav/506678/amp|title=बर्थडे स्पेशल: सड़क किनारे लिट्टी-चौखा बेचने वाले launda dance karne waale khesari lal ऐसे बने भोजपुरी के सुपरस्टार|work=[[Zee News]]|author=Pratik Shekhar|date=15 March 2019|access-date=15 March 2019|language=hi|archive-date=28 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328191708/https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bhojpuri/special-story-on-the-birthday-of-bhojpuri-superstar-khesari-lal-yadav/506678/amp|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Amar&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=एक जमाने में साइकिल को तरसते थे खेसारी, सड़क किनारे लिट्टी-चोखा तक बेचा, आज हैं करोड़ों के मालिक |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood/khesari-lal-yadav-birthday-special-here-are-his-life-struggle |access-date=26 February 2021 |work=Amar Ujala |date=16 March 2020 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | &quot;Education&quot; = <br /> | birth_place = [[Saran district|Dhanadih Saran]], [[Bihar]], India&lt;ref name=&quot;TNN2018&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=fir: FIR against ex-MP's kin |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/fir-against-ex-mps-kin/articleshow/65273860.cms |access-date=17 February 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=5 August 2018 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|singer|Dancer}}<br /> | years_active = 2011–present<br /> | known_for = The song &quot;Saiyan Arab Gaile Na&quot;<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|Chanda Devi|2006}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhaskar&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/c-268-LCL-bhojpuri-film-actor-khesari-lal-yadav-wife-pt0171-NOR.html |title=Bhojpuri film actor Khesari Lal Yadav wife |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |date=20 January 2018 |access-date=29 December 2018 |language=hi |archive-date=29 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229171337/https://www.bhaskar.com/news/c-268-LCL-bhojpuri-film-actor-khesari-lal-yadav-wife-pt0171-NOR.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | children = 2<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Shatrughan Kumar Yadav''' (born 15 March 1986), known professionally as '''Khesari Lal Yadav''',&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; is an [[Indian actor]], singer, dancer and model who primarily works in [[Bhojpuri cinema]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=' khesari lal ' से ऐसे बनें भोजपुरी सुपरस्टार khesari lal यादव', इनके कहने पर बदला था नाम...|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-superstar-khesari-lal-yadav-real-name-is-shatrudhan-kumar-yadav-this-person-changed-his-name-know-actor-struggle-div|access-date=6 August 2021|website=Prabhat Khabar - Hindi News|date=3 September 2020 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/Khesari-Lal-turns-inspector/articleshow/34368188.cms|title=Khesari Lal turns inspector|newspaper=The Times of India|date=29 April 2014|access-date=26 March 2016|archive-date=15 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115070232/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/Khesari-Lal-turns-inspector/articleshow/34368188.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Also known by the [[Initialism]] '''KLY''', Yadav has appeared in more than 70 films, and performed as vocalist in more than 5000 songs. Apart from Bhojpuri, he has also worked in [[Hindi]], [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] and [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] languages.<br /> <br /> Born in [[Chhapra]], [[Bihar]], Yadav began his singing career in late 2000s and has had a steady acting career since appearing in ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' in 2011. He made his Bollywood debut as a singer in 2014 with &quot;AK-47&quot; in the film ''[[Koyelaanchal]]''. He won ''Best Popular Actor'' at the 2016 [[Bhojpuri Film Awards]],&lt;ref name=&quot;track12&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=15 November 2016 |title=भोजपुरी सिनेमा के ये हैं सुपरस्टार..एक बार फिर किया साबित! &amp;#124; Khesari Lal Yadav won best popular actor award - Hindi Filmibeat |url=https://hindi.filmibeat.com/bhojpuri-movies/khesari-lal-yadav-won-best-popular-actor-award-057419.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406041231/https://hindi.filmibeat.com/bhojpuri-movies/khesari-lal-yadav-won-best-popular-actor-award-057419.html |archive-date=6 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; followed by ''Best Actor (Male)'' and ''Best Playback Singer (Male)'' at the [[Sabrang Film Awards]] in 2018 for his appearance in ''[[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna]]''. In 2019, he won four more awards for his role in the film ''[[Sangharsh (2018 film)|Sangharsh]]''. In 2019, he participated in the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)|Bigg Boss 13]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-13-shefali-jariwala-khesari-lal-yadav-enter-as-wild-card-contestants-2368427.html|title=Bigg Boss 13: Shefali Jariwala, Khesari Lal Yadav Enter as Wild Card Contestants|date=31 October 2019|work=[[News18]]|access-date=2 November 2019|archive-date=1 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101141423/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-13-shefali-jariwala-khesari-lal-yadav-enter-as-wild-card-contestants-2368427.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2020, his third Hindi film song and first Hindi-language single &quot;Ladki Patana,&quot; was released by [[Sony Music India]] which was followed by &quot;Tere Mere Darmiyaan&quot; in 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Khesari Lal Yadav impresses the audience with his new song 'Ladki Patana'|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://www.timesofindia.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/music/khesari-lal-yadav-impresses-the-audience-with-his-new-song-ladki-patana/amp_articleshow/77872083.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=खेसारी लाल यादव का नया हिन्दी गाना रिलीज, महज कुछ घण्टों में मिले 10 मिलियन व्यूज|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadav-new-hindi-song-tere-mere-darmiyan-released-got-10-million-views-on-youtube/videoshow/86110979.cms|access-date=12 November 2021|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Soon after, He collaborated with [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] to recreate the &quot;Pani Pani&quot; song in Bhojpuri language.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bureau|first=ABP News|date=6 December 2021|title=Teaser Of Badshah's 'Paani Paani' Bhojpuri Version Starring Khesari Lal Yadav &amp; Akshara Singh|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/badshah-paani-paani-bhojpuri-version-starring-khesari-lal-yadav-akshara-singh-teaser-out-now-watch-inside-1498032|access-date=9 December 2021|website=news.abplive.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2022, he made his debut as a screenwriter with his film ''[[Aashiqui (2022 Film)|Aashiqui]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aashiqui&quot;/&gt; YouTube featured his two songs on its list of the top Indian songs of 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=5 December 2022 |title=YouTube India trends 2022: Allu Arjun's 'Pushpa', Vijay's 'Beast' songs top charts |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/youtube-india-trends-2022-allu-arjuns-pushpa-vijays-beast-songs-top-charts/article66226188.ece |access-date=10 December 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Life==<br /> Khesari Lal Yadav was born as Shatrughan Kumar Yadav on 15 March 1986 in Dhanadih village of [[Saran district]] of [[Bihar]] in a low-income family.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Chandra |first1=Vyas |title=भोजपुरी स्‍टार खेसारी लाल यादव कोर्ट में हुए हाजिर तो मिली जमानत, जानिए सारण जिले का ये मामला |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-bhojpuri-star-khesari-lal-yadav-appeared-in-court-and-got-bail-know-this-matter-of-saran-district-22409626.html |access-date=17 February 2022 |work=Dainik Jagran |date=24 January 2022 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Zee&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TNN2018&quot;/&gt; He got the stage name &quot;Khesari&quot;, due to his habit to speak too much as a child, which was analogous to [[Khesari]], a crop, which doesn't need any water or [[Fertilizer]], and grows properly anywhere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=17 January 2023 |title=जानिए कैसे शत्रुघ्न कुमार बने भोजपुरी सिनेमा के लिए 'खेसारी', सुनिए एक्टर से मजेदार किस्सा |url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/bhojpuri-cinema/bhojpuri-star-khesari-lal-yadav-real-name-shatrughan-kumar-yadav-know-his-khesari-name-story-2309966 |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He was not born in his own house, as his parents' mud house had collapsed in the rain, and they had to rent a [[Pucca housing|pucca house]], where Khesari was born. His father, Mangaru Lal Yadav, worked as a street vendor selling [[Chana masala|Chana]] in the mornings and as a security guard at night to make ends meet. Khesari is one of seven siblings, three of whom are his own brothers. The other four are his uncle's sons, whose mother died at an early age. Khesari's mother stepped in to raise them. His father used to earn in Delhi and he used to live with his mother and uncle in [[Chhapra]]. Later his mother also left for Delhi to help her husband with household works and Khesari started living with his siblings and uncle. Khesari used to graze Cattles and sell their milks in his childhood.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=दिन में चना बेचते और रात में नौकरी करते थे पिता, आज स्‍टार है बेटा- याद कर निकल पड़े थे आंसू |url=https://www.jansatta.com/entertainment/khesari-lal-yadav-struggle-story-father-was-a-chana-seller-and-he-himself-used-to-sell-litti-chokha/621315/ |date= 4 April 2018 |access-date=20 October 2021 |work=Jansatta |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is married to Chanda Devi, whom he married in 2006. Yadav is said to be extremely devoted to his wife, calling her his lucky charm. They have a son and a daughter.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zee&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhaskar&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=कैसी दिखती है खेसारी लाल की बीवी |url=https://www.aajtak.in/visualstories/entertainment/khesari-lal-yadav-wife-chanda-devi-lifestyle-bhojpuri-actor-tmovb-11976-21-10-2022|work=Aajtak |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Khesari Lal Yadav Wife: भोजपुरी सुपरस्टार खेसारी लाल यादव की बीवी हैं बेहद खूबसूरत, पति के संघर्ष के दिनों में बेचती थी लिट्ठी-चोखा |url=https://www.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bhojpuri-superstar-khesari-lal-yadav-s-wife-chanda-devi-is-very-beautiful-see-pictures-here-2050619 |work=[[ABP News]] |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Khesari Lal Yadav Wife Chanda: पत्नी Chanda को लकी चार्म मानते हैं Khesari Lal Yadav |url=https://www.abplive.com/photo-gallery/states/bihar-bhojpuri-meet-khesari-lal-yadav-wife-chanda-devi-unseen-pics-bihar-2036433 |work=[[ABP News]] |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:KLY1.jpg|thumb|Khesari performing in a stage show]]<br /> During 1998-99 Yadav started his career as a theatre artist in [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] theatres, where he used to sing in [[Ramlila|Ramayana]] and Mahabharata, he also learnt the Bhojpuri folk dance [[Launda Naach]]. Later he also moved to [[Okhla]], Delhi, where he started selling [[Litti (cuisine)|Litti Chokha]] with his parents and wife.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=16 December 2021|title=Khesari Lal Yadav, Who Once Sold Litti-Chokha on Delhi Streets, is Now Bhojpuri King|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/khesari-lal-yadav-who-once-sold-litti-chokha-on-delhi-streets-is-now-bhojpuri-king-4561868.html|access-date=16 December 2021|website=News18|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Move over Mumbai, Delhi is the new centre of the burgeoning Bhojpuri music industry |work=[[The Print]] |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/move-over-mumbai-delhi-is-the-new-centre-of-the-burgeoning-bhojpuri-music-industry/228361/%3famp}}&lt;/ref&gt; With the money saved after selling Litti-chokha, He launched his first album by spending ₹12,000 but it was a big flop. After that he started working as a servant in Guddu Rangeela's house, who was a famous Bhojpuri singer in those days, after savings some money, he again spent ₹25,000 to launch his second album which got better response from audience and he got some fame. After that he started getting investments in projects from various music companies, but he had to do the marketing by his own. He told in many of his interviews that he himself used to promote his album cassettes in many districts of Bihar and UP, he used to go by train and wherever singing and dancing programs were held during the day or at night. He used to give some money to the sound operator there and ask him to play his song. He told that some people would agree but some people used to abuse and ask them to leave. He also told that sometimes he did not even have money to eat, so he used to sleep without eating.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Verma |first=Radha |date=18 October 2021 |title=सिंगर गुड्डू रंगीला के घर नौकर थे खेसारी लाल, रोटी बनाने से लेकर झाड़ू लगाने का करते थे काम|url=https://www.jansatta.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadav-struggle-the-bhojpuri-actor-used-to-be-a-servant-at-guddu-rangeela-home-this-is-how-his-life-changed/1881254/ |access-date=20 October 2021 |work=Jansatta|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After getting success as a singer, he moved to [[Mumbai]] to work in films. Yadav have disclosed that, the manager of [[Manoj Tiwari (politician)|Manoj Tiwari]] had kept him at Tiwari's house secretly. He learnt fight in this period and then Aalok Kumar starred him in ''Sajan Chale Sasural'', which became a hit and established him as an actor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=11 January 2023 |title=मनोज तिवारी के घर पर क्यों छिपकर रहे थे खेसारी लाल यादव, वजह जानने के लिए देखें वीडियो |url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/bhojpuri-cinema/bhojpuri-star-khesari-lal-yadav-latest-interview-with-abp-he-tells-he-lives-in-manoj-tiwari-house-without-his-permission-struggle-story-2304992 |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Acting career==<br /> <br /> === Early years (2012–2016) ===<br /> In 2012, he made his acting debut in Bhojpuri film Sajan Chale Sasural, in which he played the lead role as Sajan, a village boy who goes to town to marry the girl with which his marriage had fixed in his childhood. His second film was [[Jaan Tere Naam (2012 Film)|Jaan Tere Naam]], in which he played the character of a boy who wants to be an actor.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kumar |first=Akshaya |title=The libidinal economy of vernacularisation: modernity, sexuality and Bhojpuri media |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0163443721994543?journalCode=mcsa |journal= Media, Culture &amp; Society|year=2021 |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=776–784 |doi=10.1177/0163443721994543 |s2cid=233951305 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Akshaya Kumar, in one of his articles, writes that &quot;the film sets in motion a dialogue about cultural practices that defy the feudal family and awaken its ‘deviant’ anxieties&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; Between 2012 and 2016 he did 42 Bhojpuri movies including ''Nagin'' (2012), ''Ae Balma Biharwala'' (2013), ''Chhapra Express'' (2013), ''Pratigya 2'' (2014) and ''[[Khiladi (2016 film)|Khiladi]]'' (2016), which won four awards at [[Sabrang Film Awards|Sabrang Film Awards 2017]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=रवि किशन मोस्ट पॉपुलर एक्टर, निरहुआ को बेस्ट एक्टर अवार्ड|url=https://ndtv.in/bhojpuri-cinema/ravi-kishan-and-nirahua-at-sabrang-film-awards-2017-1770440|access-date=27 November 2021|website=NDTVIndia}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Establishment and Hindi film debut (2016–present) ===<br /> <br /> [[File:Khesari Lal Yadav, November 2017.jpg|thumb|Yadav in 2017]]<br /> In 2016, he made his [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] film debut in ''[[Global Baba]]'', in which he sang a song titled &quot;Holi Me Ude&quot; and performed in it too with [[Sandeepa Dhar]] and [[Pankaj Tripathi]]. For his role in ''[[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna]]'' (2017); which is a remake of the Telugu film ''[[Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule]]''; he won the awards for best actor and best playback singer at [[Sabrang Film Awards|Sabrang Film Awards 2018]]. After doing films like ''[[Mai Sehra Bandh Ke Aaunga]]'' (2017), ''[[Muqaddar (2017 film)|Muqaddar]]'' (2017), ''[[Damru (film)|Damru]]'' (2018), ''[[Dulhan Ganga Paar Ke]]'' (2018), he appeared in ''[[Sangharsh (2018 film)|Sangharsh]]'' (2018), which was a film with a social massage supporting the slogan [[Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana|Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao]]. The film won 19 awards at different award shows. In 2018, Yadav starred in [[Naagdev]], which was the first ever Bhojpuri film to use [[Vfx]]. VFX was used in nearly 40% of the movie scenes and it was the first Bhojpuri film to use VFX.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='नागदेव' बने खेसारीलाल यादव, Trailer में सांप और हीरोइन के रोमांस के साथ धमाकेदार एक्शन |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/entertainment/story-khesari-lal-yadav-starer-movie-nagdev-trailer-full-of-action-and-romance-2227879.html |access-date=4 October 2022 |website=Hindustan |language=hindi}}&lt;/ref&gt; His other films in this period are ''[[Balam Ji Love You]]'' (2018), ''[[Dabang Sarkar]]'' (2018), ''[[Coolie No. 1 (2019 film)|Coolie No. 1]]'' (2019). His film ''[[Baaghi- Ek Yoddha]]'' was a patriotic movie which also talked about the [[Muzaffarpur shelter case]]. He also did a [[sports film]] named ''[[Bhag Khesari Bhag]]'' (2019). In 2019, He also made his television debut by participating in the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' as a contestant.<br /> <br /> His film [[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna 3|''Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna 3'']] (2020) is the remake of the Tamil film [[Velaiilla Pattadhari|''Velaiilla Pattadhari'']]. His ''[[Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye (2021 film)|Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye]]'' (2021) was his first film to be shot overseas, 90% of the film was shot in London. His three more films in 2021 were shot overseas; ''Chori Chori Chupke Chupke'' and ''Pyar Kiya to Nibhana'' were shot in London whereas ''Saiyaan Arab Gaile Na'' was shot in [[Dubai]].<br /> <br /> His first release of 2022 was ''[[Aashiqui (2022 Film)|Aashiqui]]'', in which he also made his debut as screenwriter and played the role of an upper caste boy who goes against the traditional values for his love.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Vajpayee |first=Ruchi |date=27 February 2022 |title=इस तारीख को रिलीज होगी खेसारी लाल यादव और आम्रपाली दुबे की 'आशिकी', फिल्म में दिखेगा रोमांटिक अंदाज |url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/bollywood-bhojpuri-film-khesari-lal-yadav-and-amrapali-dubey-romantic-movie-aashiqui-will-released-on-4th-march-22503133.html |access-date=4 March 2022 |work=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; He next featured in ''Shadi Ho To Aisi'' which released in May. He next featured in ''[[Dulhaniya London Se Layenge]]'' which was shot in London and his co-actors were British Artist Grace Rhodes and [[Madhu Sharma]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=3 May 2022 |title=विदेशी एक्ट्रेस संग रोमांस करेंगे Khesari, जानिए कब रिलीज होगी भोजपुरी फिल्म 'Dulhaniya London Se Layenge' |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-khesari-lal-yadav-madhu-sharma-bhojpuri-film-dulhaniya-london-se-layenge-release-date-announced-on-13-may-raya-4230833.html |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; His next film ''[[Rowdy Inspector (2022 Film)|Rowdy Inspector]]'' released on different dates in parts of India in August 2022, the film is directed by [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] director Shankar. [[Meghasri]] acted in the female lead with Yadav and this was her Bhojpuri debut movie. In August 2022, He made his [[Haryanvi cinema|Haryanvi]] debut with Sapna Chaudhary on the music album ''Matak Matak.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 August 2022 |title=Sapna Choudhary-Khesari Lal Yadav New Song Update: The Pair Is Ready To Rock The Internet, With Their Upcoming Song |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/music/snippets-music/sapna-choudhary-khesari-lal-yadav-new-song-update-the-pair-is-ready-to-rock-the-internet-with-their-upcoming-song/2022/08/17 |access-date=19 August 2022 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 August 2022 |title=Sapna Choudhary, Khesari Lal Yadav To Come Together For Their Maiden Collaboration |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sapna-choudhary-khesari-lal-yadav-to-come-together-for-their-maiden-collaboration-5737291.html |access-date=19 August 2022 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; His next Bhojpuri film ''[[Doli Saja Ke Rakhna (2022 Film)|Doli Saja Ke Rakhna]]'' released in September 2022. The film got many screens across India and [[Nepal]] including 25 [[Multiplex (movie theater)|Multiplexes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 September 2022 |title=खेसारी लाल- आम्रपाली दुबे की 'डोली सजा के रखना' हुई देशभर में रिलीज, 25 मल्टीप्लेक्स के साथ मिली इतनी स्क्रीन |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-khesari-lal-and-amrapali-dubey-dubey-starrer-doli-saja-ke-rakhna-movie-release-bhojpuri-mogi-4540397.html |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 24 October, his film ''Bol Radha Bol'' released. His last film of 2022 was ''Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat,'' which released in December.<br /> <br /> His first film of 2023 was ''[[Farishta (2023 Film)|Farishta]]'', which released on 9 April. Yadav played the character of a [[mentally challenged]] person in this film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 March 2023 |title=Bhojpuri News: खेसारी लाल यादव ने 20 दिनों तक नहीं नहाया, वजह जानकर चौंक जाएंगे आप |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/patna-bhojpuri-actor-khesari-lal-yadav-not-bath-for-20-days-during-shooting-film-farishta-5485375.html |access-date=9 March 2023 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; This film was the biggest Bhojpuri hit of 2023 and ran houseful for weeks in the theatres.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=खेसारीलाल यादव और लाल बाबू पंडित की भोजपुरी फिल्म 'फरिश्ता' ने बनाया रिकार्ड |url=https://samacharsansaar.com/entertainment/khesarilal-yadav-and-lal-babu-pandits-bhojpuri-film-farishta-makes-record/1844/ |access-date=8 May 2023 |work=समाचार संसार |date=12 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; After that, ''Laadla 2'' released in September 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Giri |first=Mohan |date=19 September 2023 |title=इस दिन रिलीज होगी खेसारी लाल यादव का 'लाडला 2', मां- बेटे को प्यार को दर्शाएगी फिल्म, देखें वीडियो |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-khesari-lal-yadav-new-movie-ladla-2-will-release-on-20-september-2023-watch-trailer-7606463.html |work=News18 हिंदी |access-date=15 October 2023 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; In October, he starred as a cop in ''[[Sangharsh 2]]'', which was his biggest film in terms of budget. It received good response from the audience.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=कश्यप |first=आनंद |date=22 October 2023 |title=तलपती विजय को टक्कर दे रहे खेसारी लाल, भोजपुरी सुपरस्टार की 'संघर्ष 2' देखने के लिए सुबह से लाइन में लगे लोग |url=https://ndtv.in/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-is-giving-competition-to-leo-actor-thalapathy-vijay-people-are-standing-in-line-since-morning-to-watch-bhojpuri-movie-sangharsh-2-4500747 |website=NDTVIndia |access-date=22 October 2023 |lang=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Music career ==<br /> In his early days, Yadav used to sing in the ''[[Ramayan]]'' and ''[[Mahabharat]]''. His first album was released in 2008. Some of early famous songs are ''Saiyaan Arab Gaile Na'', ''Piyawa Rahele Saudi Re Bhauji'', ''Maal Bhetai Mela Me''. In 2014, he made his Bollywood Debut as a singer in the song &quot;AK-47&quot; from ''[[Koyelaanchal]]''. In 2016 he sang his second Bollywood song ''Holi Me Ude'' for the film ''[[Global Baba]]''. In 2017, he won the award of ''Best Playback Singer'', at [[Sabrang Film Awards|Sabrang Film]] Awards. His notable songs that year were ''Kawna Devta Ke Garhal Sawaral'' and ''Jaan Gaini E Ho Jaan''. In 2018, he released in one of the most popular songs ''Thik Hai'' from the single &quot;Premika Mil Gail&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; In 2020, he released his third Bollywood song and first Single ''Ladki Patana'' produced by [[Sony Music India]].<br /> <br /> === 2021 ===<br /> In 2021, his second Bollywood single ''Tere Mere Darmiyaan'' ''(In between I and You)'' was released. Yadav collaborated with Bollywood [[Rapper]] [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] in the Bhojpuri version of the famous Hindi song ''Pani Pani'', originally sung by [[Aastha Gill]] and Badshah himself. The Bhojpuri version was released under [[Saregama]] and Badshah rapped in Bhojpuri language.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=7 December 2021|title=Bhojpuri version of 'Pani-Pani' song released|url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/bhojpuri-version-of-panipani-song-released-ta303-1197096-1.html|access-date=9 December 2021|website=News Track|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Badshah Recreates His Track 'Paani Paani' In Bhojpuri|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-badshah-recreates-his-track-paani-paani-in-bhojpuri/404202|access-date=10 December 2021|website=www.outlookindia.com/|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song received more than one million views within 60 minutes of being uploaded on YouTube, and became the first Bhojpuri song to do so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 December 2021|title=Badshah recreates 'Paani Paani' in Bhojpuri|url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/badshahs-recreates-paani-paani-in-bhojpuri|access-date=15 December 2021|website=DESIblitz|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He worked with singer and Composer [[Shipra Goyal]] in his next Bollywood single ''Romantic Raja'', choreographed by [[Mudassar Khan]] and lyrics written by [[Kunaal Vermaa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Khesari Lal Yadav drops a new dance number 'Romantic Raja' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-drops-a-new-dance-number-romantic-raja/articleshow/88335102.cms|access-date=17 December 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Punjabi singer Shipra Goyal and Khesari Lal Yadav all set to create magic with their song 'Romantic Raja' {{!}} Bhojpuri Movie News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/bhojpuri/punjabi-singer-shipra-goyal-and-khesari-lal-yadav-all-set-to-create-magic-with-their-song-romantic-raja/videoshow/88259344.cms|access-date=17 December 2021|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; His other Hindi single was ''Tedhi Hai Par Meri Hai'' and Bhojpuri singles were ''Ladkiyo Ka Rog Na Paalo'', ''Naya Saal Naya Maal''.<br /> <br /> === 2022 ===<br /> Yadav sang the song ''Do Ghoont'' which was his first Bhojpuri single of 2022. The song was the remake of the song ''Do Ghut Mujhe bhi Pila De Sharabi'' from the 1973 Bollywood film [[Jheel Ke Us Paar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bhojpuri: हिंदी गाने 'दो घूंट' के भोजपुरी वर्जन का टीजर जारी, कल रिलीज होगा खेसारी लाल यादव का न्यू सॉन्ग|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood/bhojpuri-teaser-of-bhojpuri-version-of-hindi-song-do-ghoont-released-khesari-lal-yadav-new-song-will-be-released-tomorrow|access-date=4 January 2022|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Soon after he released another single ''Aashiq (Lover)'', video of which was shot in Germany.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=IWMBuzz|date=18 January 2022|title=Khesari Lal Yadav releases his first song 'Aashiq' with VYRL Bhojpuri|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/music/releases-music/khesari-lal-yadav-releases-his-first-song-aashiq-with-vyrl-bhojpuri/2022/01/18|access-date=9 February 2022|website=IWMBuzz|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; After releasing some Holi songs, he released ''Dream Me Entry''. He sung six songs in his film ''Aashiqui'' and released 23 Holi songs. He further released a Chaita song ''Le Le Aain Coca Cola'' ([[Literal translation|transl.]]: Bring Coca-Cola) which topped the global YouTube music chart. Another Bhojpuri single ''Nathuniya'' ''(The Nose ring)'' also made it to top 5 in the chart. His first Hindi single of the year, ''Kamariya Coca Cola'' released in April 2022 by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Khesari Lal Yadav's new song 'Kamariya Coca Cola' is out! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadavs-new-song-kamariya-coca-cola-is-out/videoshow/91133865.cms |access-date=27 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=27 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=भोजपुरी सिंगिंग सेन्सेशन खेसारी लाल यादव का नया गाना हुआ रिलीज, 3 घंटे में मिले 4 लाख से ज्यादा व्यूज |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/bhojpuri-singing-sensation-khesari-lal-yadav-new-song-kamariya-coca-cola-released |access-date=27 April 2022 |work=Prabhat Khabar |date=27 April 2022 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He sang on [[Salim–Sulaiman]]'s composition &quot;Tsunami&quot;, a Hindi song released in June 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 June 2022 |title=Khesari lal Song: 'बवाल' करने के बाद अक्षरा सिंह संग खेसारी लाल यादव लेकर आए 'सुनामी', मच गई तबाही |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-khesari-lal-yadav-akshara-singh-latest-hindi-song-tsunami-video-released-on-youtube-have-you-seen-it-raya-4314246.html |access-date=12 June 2022 |work=News18 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the same month he released one more Hindi single &quot;Unke Dil Me&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; (In Her Heart).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=New Bhojpuri Song 2022 {{!}} 'उनके दिल में' गाना हुआ रिलीज, खेसारी लाल यादव को फिर मिला प्यार में धोखा |url=https://www.enavabharat.com/video/the-song-unke-dil-mein-released-khesari-lal-yadav-got-cheated-in-love-again-571003/ |access-date=15 June 2022 |work=Navabharat Times |date=15 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; He further released Bhojpuri single &quot;UP Bihar&quot;, followed by a Hindi single &quot;Ya Khuda&quot; ''(O lord)'' in August.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kaur |first=Gurveen |date=2022-08-24 |title=Bhojpuri Heart-touching Song: Khesari Lal's new song 'Ya Khuda' will touch you to the core; watch video |url=https://www.dnpindia.in/entertainment/bhojpuri-heart-touching-song-khesari-lals-new-song-ya-khuda-will-touch-you-to-the-core-watch-video/88123/ |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=DNP INDIA |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; He further recreated the famous Bengali song &quot;Bondhu Teen Din&quot; ''(Buddy! Three days)'' in Bhojpuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;huntdailynews.in&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-04 |title=Bhojpuri Song: Khesari Lal's Bhojpuri-Bangla mix song is trending, Arshiya Arshi sang garda |url=https://huntdailynews.in/bhojpuri-song-khesari-lals-bhojpuri-bangla-mix-song-is-trending-arshiya-arshi-sang-garda/,%20https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-song-bondhu-teen-din-2-0-trending-video-raya-4691057.html |access-date=2022-10-06 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Khesari, then released two Hindi singles; First was &quot;Baarish&quot; (Rain) which released on October 9, 2022, featuring two [[Armenians|Armenian]] models, Par and Seda. The video was also shot in [[Armenia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-09 |title=Baarish Sad Song: आर्मीनिया की इस मॉडल के प्यार में पड़े खेसारी, मिला धोखा! बोले- 'बारिश तो बहाना है' |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-khesari-lal-yadav-hindi-sad-song-baarish-have-you-seen-video-raya-4715791.html |access-date=2022-10-09 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; The second was &quot;Mehfil&quot; with which he made his debut as a Composer too.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-13 |title=Khesari Trending Song: 1 ही दिन में वायरल हुआ खेसारी का हिंदी सॉन्ग 'महफिल', यूट्यूब पर कर रहा ट्रेंड, देखिए |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-khesari-lal-yadav-trending-hindi-sad-song-mehfil-gets-millions-views-in-a-day-raya-4738447.html |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-14 |title=Bhojpuri : खेसारी लाल यादव का नया गाना हिंदी सॉन्ग 'महफिल' ने मचाया धमाल, एक ही दिन में करने लगा ट्रेंड |url=https://www.hindirush.com/bhojpuri-news/bhojpuri-latest-song-khesari-lal-yadav-news-song-is-out-245430/ |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=Hindi Rush |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; He sung a sad Bhojpuri single &quot;Dil Tutal Hoi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhojpuri Gana 2022: किसने तोड़ा खेसारी लाल यादव का दिल, दर्द में बोले- दिल टूटल होई |url=https://ndtv.in/bhojpuri-cinema/bhojpuri-gana-2022-dil-tutal-hoi-khesari-lal-yadav-3427231 |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=NDTVIndia}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-13 |title=Bhojpuri Song: सपना चौहान ने खेसारी लाल यादव तोड़ा दिल, सामने आया 'दिल टूटल होई' का टीजर! |url=https://www.hindirush.com/bhojpuri-news/bhojpuri-song-khesari-lal-yadav-broke-his-heart-sapna-chauhan-teaser-of-dil-tuttal-hoi-came-out-245207/ |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=Hindi Rush |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; In first week of November, his single &quot;Tabla&quot; released.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=नम्रता मल्ला और खेसारी लाल यादव ने मिलकर बजाया शानदार 'तबला', दो दिन में इस भोजपुरी गाने ने पार किए 8 मिलियन व्यूज |url=https://ndtv.in/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-and-namrata-malla-new-song-tabla-has-crossed-8-million-views-in-two-days-3486972 |access-date=4 November 2022 |website=NDTVIndia}}&lt;/ref&gt; His ''Nathuniya'' and ''Le Le Aain Coca Cola'' got featured in YouTube annual list of Top Indian songs in 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === 2023 ===<br /> His song, &quot;Pagale Bana Di Ram Ji&quot; from the film [[Farishta (2023 film)|Farishta]] received good response from the audience and received over 3.6 million views within 24 hours of release.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Farishta Song: रिलीज हुआ फिल्म फरिश्ता का पहला गाना पागले बनादी राम जी, खेसारी ने अंदाज ने कियाम इम्प्रेस |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadav-upcoming-bhojpuri-film-farishta-song-pagale-banadi-ram-ji-full-video/videoshow/98686719.cms |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; In March, His single &quot;Nagin&quot; released, which got 5.5 million views in the first 24 hours of its release.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 March 2023 |title=Bhojpuri Song: खेसारी लाल यादव 24 घंटे में एक्टर ने बना डाली हिस्ट्री खेसारी ने कर दिया धमाल |url=https://dailynews24.in/bhojpuri-song-khesari-lal-yadav-the-actor-created-history-in-24-hours/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=dailynews24.in |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 22 April, he released the anthem &quot;Khele Super Gaints Lucknowwa&quot; of [[IPL]] team [[Lucknow Super Giants]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 April 2023 |title=IPL 2023: Lucknow Supergiants anthem 'Khele Supergiants Lucknowwa' by Bhojpuri star Khesari Lal Yadav causes stir; Watch |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/ipl-2023-lucknow-supergiants-anthem-khele-supergiants-lucknowwa-by-bhojpuri-star-khesari-lal-yadav-causes-stir-watch/articleshow/99691935.cms?from=mdr |access-date=22 April 2023 |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt; In September 2025, [[Delhi High Court]] restrained Yadav from engaging with any company other than Global Music Junction till September 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Prashant |date=6 September 2023 |title=Delhi High Court rules Bhojpuri singer Khesari Lal Yadav can only sell songs to Global Music Junction till September 30 2025 |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/delhi-high-court-bhojpuri-singer-khesari-lal-yadav-songs-global-music-junction |access-date=15 October 2023 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Philanthropy and service ==<br /> Yadav runs an NGO called &quot;Khesari Foundation&quot; which does charitable works across the country. He is the guardian of 62 orphan children and pays for their education. He visits an old age home every month and helps the flood victims of Bihar every year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=62 अनाथ बच्चों के 'पिता' हैं खेसारी लाल यादव, हर महीने उनकी पढ़ाई पर खर्चते हैं 3 लाख रुपए |url=https://www.jansatta.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadav-adapted-62-orphans-children-spent-3-lakh-per-month-for-their-education-donate-mony/1496925/ |work=Jansatta |date=15 August 2020 |access-date=31 July 2022 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Before Diwali in 2022, he distributed money to the needy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=19 October 2022 |title=दिवाली पर खेसारी लाल यादव ने बांटे 500 के नोट, जरूरतमंदों की सहायता करते दिखे थे एक्टर |url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/bhojpuri-cinema/bhojpuri-actor-khesari-lal-yadav-gives-500-rs-to-poor-people-on-last-diwali-2241511 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Artistry and criticism==<br /> One of the reasons of Yadav's popularity and stardom is due to his [[Lavanda Naach]] performances.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kumar |first=Akshaya |date=December 2016 |title=Bhojpuri Consolidations in the Hindi Territory: Infrastructure, Aesthetics, and Competing Masculinities in North India |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0974927616668006 |journal=BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=189–206 |doi=10.1177/0974927616668006 |s2cid=151315099 |issn=0974-9276}}&lt;/ref&gt; Even before his film debut, he was popular for his performances as Launda. Since ''Launda Naach'' is seen as taboo by the upper caste and undermines the performer's masculinity, Yadav was mocked for his performances and his masculinity was frequently questioned.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=औरत बनकर डांस किया तो सबने मुझे नामर्द कहा- जब छलका खेसारी लाल का दर्द, 'इंडस्ट्री के लोगों ने किया था भेदभाव' |url=https://www.jansatta.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadav-struggle-when-he-danced-in-a-costume-of-woman-he-had-to-face-discrimination-in-bhojpuri-film-industry/1758292/ |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=Jansatta |date=29 June 2021 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akshaya Kumar, sees his popularity form Launda Naach as a rebellion against the tag of universal disdain for the performer among the upper caste. Kumar, further mentions an interview of a Brahmin Classical music teacher from [[Buxar]], who lauded [[Manoj Tiwari (politician)|Manoj Tiwari]] and [[Pawan Singh]], but on the mention of Yadav, He said &quot;what is he, he is mere a launda&quot;. Yadav takes very bold position on this matter however, in an interview to Jogira in 2013 he said:&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Blockquote|text=I am still doing shows. If I must leave films for them, I will. I belong in the middle of the people. I sing to make them dance. I entertain them. Whatever I am, it is because of them. I cannot even think of being away from them The audience wants to see me in the real look even on the screen. I have also impersonated women in fifteen of my films, and all of them have been hits. I do not like becoming an officer or a rich man. I am not comfortable that way}}Kumar sees his popularity as, a pre-eminent force that shapes other competing masculinities of Bhojpuri order. According to him, Yadav surpasses his peers only by re-constituting the gender stereotypes, and this appearing as the pre-eminent rebellious figure.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Key<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> | Denotes films that have not yet been released<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bhojpuri===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Film<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2011||''Sajan Chale Sasural''||Sajan<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2012 || ''[[Jaan Tere Naam (2012 Film)|Jaan Tere Naam]]'' || ||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''Dil Le Gayi Odhaniya Wali'' ||Khesari Lal Yadav ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Devra Par Manva Dole'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Nagin'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Lahoo Ke Do Rang'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |2013 || ''Hawa Mein Udta Jaye Mera Lal Dupatta Malmal Ka'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Sapoot'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Doodh Ka Karz'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Pyar Jhukta Nahi'' || Kishan||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Pyar Kawno Khel Na Ha'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Ae Balma Biharwala'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Sansaar'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Teri Kasam'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Kachche Dhaage'' ||Gopal ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Chhapra Express'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |2014 ||''Betaab'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Pratigya 2'' ||||<br /> |-<br /> |''Shola Shabnam'' ||||<br /> |-<br /> |''Charno Ki Saugandh'' ||||<br /> |-<br /> |''Tere Naam''||||<br /> |-<br /> |''Jaaneman''||Prem||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Khoon Bhari Maang''|| ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Lahoo Pukarela''|| ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Jo Jita Wahi Sikander'' ||||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Hathkadi'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Laadla'' ||Khesari||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |2015 ||''Latkhor''|| ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Saathiya''|| ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Tu Mera Hero''||||<br /> |-<br /> |''Bandhan''|| Suraj||<br /> |-<br /> |''Haseena Maan Jayegi''|| ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Inteqaam''||Aftab ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Jaanam'' ||||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Hero No.1'' ||||<br /> |-<br /> |''Khesari Ke Prem Rog''||Khesari||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2016 || ''Jwala'' || Deepak/Jwala||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Sajan Chale Sasural 2'' ||Sajan ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Dilwala'' ||Ajay ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Dabang Aashiq'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Khiladi (2016 film)|Khiladi]]'' ||Khesari ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Hogi Pyar Ki Jeet'' ||Suraj ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |2017||''[[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna]]''||Raja ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Aatankwadi'' ||Armaan ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Jila Champaran'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Hum Hai Hindustani'' ||Ram Hindustani ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Mai Sehra Bandh Ke Aaunga]]''|| Raja||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Muqaddar (2017 film)|Muqaddar]]'' ||Khesari Lal Yadav ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://m.patrika.com/ballia-news/bhojpuri-superstar-khesari-lal-and-kajal-movie-muqaddar-hit-on-youtube-2456883|title=भोजपुरी सुपस्टार खेसारी लाल के फिल्म मुकद्दर ने You Tube पर मचाया धमाल, अब तक इतने लोगों ने देखा|newspaper=Patrika|access-date=19 August 2018|archive-date=3 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703163324/https://m.patrika.com/ballia-news/bhojpuri-superstar-khesari-lal-and-kajal-movie-muqaddar-hit-on-youtube-2456883/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Kasam Paida Karne Wale Ki''||Cameo||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |2018 || ''Deewanapan'' ||Raja ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-kajal-raghwani-bhojpuri-movie-deewanapan-1859111|title=खेसारी लाल यादव का YouTube पर 'दिवानापन', दिल को छू लेने वाली कहानी ने मचाया धमाल|work=NDTV India|access-date=17 August 2018|archive-date=17 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817161202/https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-kajal-raghwani-bhojpuri-movie-deewanapan-1859111|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Damru (film)|Damru]]'' || Bhola||<br /> |-<br /> |''Rajajani'' || Raja ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Dulhan Ganga Paar Ke]]'' || Krishna||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-film-dulhan-ganga-paar-ke-kajal-raghwani-amrapali-dubey/1191759.html|title=खेसारीलाल यादव की फिल्‍म 'दुल्हिन गंगा पार के'10 अगस्‍त को मुंबई-गुजरात में होगी रिलीज|work=Prabhat Khabar|access-date=18 August 2018|archive-date=18 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818150644/https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-film-dulhan-ganga-paar-ke-kajal-raghwani-amrapali-dubey/1191759.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Sangharsh (2018 film)|Sangharsh]]''<br /> |Kanhaiya<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Balam Ji Love You]]''<br /> |Raju<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> || ''[[Naagdev]]'' <br /> |Naagdev/ Dev<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Nagdev Bhojpuri Movie|url=http://www.bhojpurifilmiduniya.com/2018/03/nagdev-bhojpuri-movie-star-casts-news.html|access-date=16 November 2018|website=www.Bhojpurifilmiduniya.com|archive-date=16 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116085754/http://www.bhojpurifilmiduniya.com/2018/03/nagdev-bhojpuri-movie-star-casts-news.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Dabang Sarkar]]'' <br /> |Veer Pratap Singh<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-movie-dabang-sarkar-salman-khan-1858847|title=खेसारी लाल यादव बन गए 'दबंग, बनाई ऐसी बॉडी सलमान खान को भी हो जाए रश्क|newspaper=NDTV Khabar|access-date=16 August 2018|archive-date=29 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529082513/https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-movie-dabang-sarkar-salman-khan-1858847|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2019<br /> |''[[Coolie No. 1 (2019 film)|Coolie No. 1]]''<br /> |Raja<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Baaghi- Ek Yoddha]]''<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-and-kajal-raghwani-starrer-baaghi-baaghi-ek-yodha-trailer-is-out/articleshow/71048430.cms|title=Khesari Lal Yadav and Kajal Raghwani starrer 'Baaghi Ek Yodha' trailer is out|date=9 September 2019|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Bhag Khesari Bhag]]''<br /> |Khesari subham<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadav-to-start-shooting-for-bhaag-khesari-bhaag-in-april-2191117.html|title=Khesari Lal Yadav to start shooting for 'Bhaag Khesari Bhaag' in April|last=Zee Media Bureau|date=29 March 2019|work=[[Zee News]]|access-date=30 September 2019|archive-date=30 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930062422/https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadav-to-start-shooting-for-bhaag-khesari-bhaag-in-april-2191117.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Meri Jung Mera Faisla]]''<br /> |Kishan<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/bhojpuri/watch-khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-movie-meri-jung-mera-faisala-official-trailer/videoshow/69309653.cms|title=देखिए, खेसारी लाल यादव की नई फिल्म 'मेरी जंग मेरा फैसला' का ऑफिशल ट्रेलर|date=13 May 2019|work=Navbharat Times|access-date=16 August 2019|language=hi|archive-date=16 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816052712/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/bhojpuri/watch-khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-movie-meri-jung-mera-faisala-official-trailer/videoshow/69309653.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2020<br /> | ''Ek Saazish Jaal''<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://m.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-khesarilal-yadav-new-movie-ek-saazish-jaal-trailer-goes-viral-on-social-media-20020868.html|title=खेसारीलाल की फिल्‍म 'एक साजिश जाल' का ट्रेलर आउट, हुआ वायरल|work=Jagran|access-date=22 February 2020|url-status=live|language=hi|archive-date=22 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222173507/https://m.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-khesarilal-yadav-new-movie-ek-saazish-jaal-trailer-goes-viral-on-social-media-20020868.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna 3]]''<br /> |Raja<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2021<br /> | ''[[Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye (2021 film)|Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye]]''<br /> |Raja<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hindi|first=TV9|date=4 January 2021|title='दुल्हिन वही जो पिया मन भाये' में खेसारी और काजल की रोमांटिक केमिस्ट्री, इस दिन आएगा ट्रेलर|url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/khesari-lal-yadav-film-dulhan-wahi-jo-piya-man-bhaye-first-look-out-trailer-will-releases-soon-446363.html|access-date=7 January 2021|website=TV9 Hindi|language=hi-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Saiyan Arab Gaile Na''<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=भावुक|first=मनोज|date=31 March 2021|title=Bhojpuri Film Review – होली पर रिलीज भइल खेसारीलाल के फिल्म 'सइयां अरब गइले ना'|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bhojpuri-news/saiyan-arab-gaile-na-khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-movie-review-3541328.html|access-date=31 March 2021|work=News18 India|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Chori Chori Chupke Chupke''<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Khesari Lal Yadav and Sahar Afsha starrer 'Chori Chori Chupke Chupke' will hit the big-screen on THIS date|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-and-sahar-afsha-starrer-chori-chori-chupke-chupke-will-hit-the-big-screen-on-this-date/articleshow/86160199.cms|access-date=16 September 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Baap Ji]]''<br /> |Raja<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ritu Singh impresses fans with her performance in Khesari Lal Yadav's 'Baapji'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/bhojpuri/ritu-singh-impresses-fans-with-her-performance-in-khesari-lal-yadavs-baapji/videoshow/86811287.cms|access-date=3 November 2021|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Litti Chokha (2021 film)|Litti Chokha]]''<br /> |Chhokha<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Khesari Lal Yadav and Kajal Raghwani starrer 'Litti Chokha' to release on THIS date|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-and-kajal-raghwani-starrer-litti-chokha-to-release-on-this-date/articleshow/86425359.cms|access-date=3 November 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Pyar Kiya To Nibhana''<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Khesari Lal Yadav and Kajal Raghwani starrer 'Pyar Kiya Toh Nibhana' will release on THIS date|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-and-kajal-raghwani-starrer-pyar-kiya-toh-nibhana-will-release-on-this-date/articleshow/86391953.cms|access-date=3 November 2021|work=The Times of India|date=21 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |2022<br /> |''[[Aashiqui (2022 Film)|Aashiqui]]''<br /> |Raja<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;Aashiqui&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Khesari Lal Yadav and Aamrapali Dubey starrer film 'Aashiqui' trailer is out! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-and-aamrapali-dubey-starrer-film-aashiqui-trailer-is-out/articleshow/87252630.cms|access-date=3 November 2021|work=The Times of India|date=25 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Shadi Ho To Aisi''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Dulhaniya London Se Layenge]]''<br /> |Raja<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Madhu Sharma and Khesari Lal Yadav's 'Dulhaniya London Se Layenge' will be released on THIS date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/madhu-sharma-and-khesari-lal-yadavs-dulhaniya-london-se-layenge-will-be-released-on-this-date/articleshow/90840741.cms |access-date=16 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=14 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title='दुल्हनिया लंदन से लाएंगे' का ट्रेलर रिलीज:लंदन की गलियों वाली फिल्म की कहानी पूरी तरह देसी; खेसारीलाल का दिखेगा अलग अंदाज |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/amp/local/bihar/news/khesarilal-yadav-madhu-sharma-and-british-actress-grace-rodges-film-dulhaniya-london-se-layenge-trailer-out-129664380.html |work=Dainik Bhaskar |access-date=13 May 2022 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Rowdy Inspector (2022 Film)|Rowdy Inspector]]''<br /> |Inspector Suraj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Doli Saja Ke Rakhna (2022 Film)|Doli Saja Ke Rakhna]]''<br /> |Raja<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Khesari Lal Yadav and Aamrapali Dubey start shooting for 'Doli Saja Ke Rakhna'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-and-aamrapali-dubey-start-shooting-for-doli-saja-ke-rakhna/articleshow/87501735.cms|access-date=3 November 2021|website=The Times of India|date=3 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Bol Radha Bol (2022 Film)|Bol Radha Bol]]''<br /> |Kisan<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Khesari Lal Yadav begins shooting for the film 'Bol Radha Bol' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-begins-shooting-for-the-film-bol-radha-bol/articleshow/90074356.cms |access-date=10 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=8 March 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat''<br /> |Raja<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat: Khesari Lal Yadav kick-starts shooting for his next Bhojpuri movie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/bhojpuri/raja-ki-aayegi-baraat-khesari-lal-yadav-kick-starts-shooting-for-his-next-bhojpuri-movie/videoshow/80749620.cms|access-date=16 February 2021|work=The Times of India|language=en|date=8 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |2023<br /> |[[Farishta (2023 Film)|''Farishta'']]<br /> |Murari<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=खेसारी लाल यादव की फिल्म &quot;Farishta&quot; का ट्रेलर वेब म्यूजिक पर कल होगा रिलीज – ख़बर हर दिन |url=https://www.khabarhardin.com/entertainment/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B5-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%AB/1006/ |access-date=22 February 2023 |website=www.khabarhardin.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Laadla 2]]<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Bhojpuri Movie Ladla 2 Trailer Release: मां और पत्नी की लड़ाई में किसके खेसारी बने लाडला 2! यहां देखें ट्रेलर |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-and-meghashree-new-bhojpuri-movie-ladla-2-release/1823899 |access-date=15 October 2023 |work=Zee News |date=14 August 2023 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Sangharsh 2]]''<br /> |Dharam Raj<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=खेसारी लाल यादव की मोस्ट अवेटेड फिल्म 'संघर्ष 2' का टीजर रिलीज, दमदार एक्शन करते दिखे एक्टर |url=https://ndtv.in/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-most-awaited-film-sangharsh-2-teaser-release-actor-seen-in-full-action-avatar-3782477 |access-date=22 February 2023 |website=NDTVIndia}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot; |''Aparadhi''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |Raja<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot;|''Vaastav''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |Post Production&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Shashikant |title=लखनऊ में एक साथ पांच भोजपुरी फिल्मों का हुआ भव्य मुहूर्त |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/movie-masti/bhojpuri-cinema/ravi-kishan-dinesh-lal-yadav-khesari-lal-yadav-bhojpuri-films-muhurat-in-lucknow/articleshow/81248868.cms |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=Navbharat Times |date=27 February 2021 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot;|''Prem Ki Pujaran''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |Filming <br /> |-<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot;|''Son Of Bihar''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |Filming<br /> |-<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot;|''Godfather''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |Filming&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='गॉडफादर' में खेसारी लाल यादव के अपोजिट होगी यामिनी सिंह, जनवरी में होगी फिल्म की शूटिंग |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/bhojpuri/yamini-singh-will-be-opposite-khesari-lal-yadav-in-godfather-the-film-will-be-shot-in-january/1502799 |access-date=26 January 2023 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot;|''Rang De Basanti''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |Filming&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=कश्मीर पहुंची फिल्म 'रंग दे बसंती' की टीम, इस हीरोइन की हो रही भोजपुरी में लॉन्चिंग |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood/bhojpuri-movie-rang-de-basanti-team-reached-kashmir-actress-rati-pandey-is-ready-to-debut-in-industry-2023-03-14 |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot;|''Meharbaan'' {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |Filming<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2024<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot;|''Rajaram''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |Filming&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sakshi |first=Shiva |date=27 October 2023 |title=भोजपुरी सुपरस्टार खेसारी लाल यादव बने राम, अयोध्या में फिल्म 'राजाराम' की शूटिंग शुरु, एक्टर ने शेयर किया लुक |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/bhojpuri-film-superstar-khesari-lal-yadav-became-ram-shooting-of-film-rajaram-started-in-ayodhya-sxz |website=Prabhat Khabar |access-date=28 October 2023 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Story/screenwriter ====<br /> * ''[[Aashiqui (2022 Film)|Aashiqui]]'' - 2022&lt;ref name=&quot;Aashiqui&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Hindi===<br /> ====Films====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Film<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Co-stars<br /> ! Language<br /> ! Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2016||''[[Global Baba]]''||Cameo||[[Sandeepa Dhar]]||[[Hindi Language|Hindi]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Television ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |- <br /> ! Year <br /> ! Title <br /> ! Role <br /> ! Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2016<br /> |[[Yaaron Ki Baraat (TV series)|''Yaaron Ki Baraat'']]<br /> |As Himself <br /> |Episode 3, with [[Sania Mirza]] and [[Parineeti Chopra]]<br /> |-<br /> | 2019<br /> | ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 13)|Bigg Boss 13]]''<br /> | Contestant <br /> | Entered day 36, exited day 55<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Haryanvi===<br /> <br /> ==== Music videos ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Title<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Singer(s)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> | scope=&quot;row&quot; | &quot;Matak Matak&quot;<br /> |Vishwajeet Chaudhary <br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Awadhi===<br /> ====Films====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Film<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Co-stars<br /> ! Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffc; &quot;|''Mere Naina Tere Naina''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> |{{hlist|Khushboo Sharma|Kamkshi Thakur}}<br /> |Trailer out&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=खेसारी ने अब अवधी में जड़ा सिक्सर, भोजपुरी में जादू टोना की धमाकेदार दस्तक |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bhojpuri/khesari-lal-yadav-starrer-mere-naina-tere-naina-trailer-out-know-more-details-about-the-film-2023-03-17 |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Discography==<br /> {{BLP unreferenced section|date=March 2022}}<br /> <br /> === Film songs ===<br /> <br /> ====Bhojpuri====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cccccf; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Film<br /> !Song<br /> !Music<br /> !Lyrics<br /> !Co-singers<br /> !Note<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2012<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|''Sajan Chale Sasuraal''<br /> |&quot;Tohra Mein Basela Paranwa&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|Ashok Kumar Deep<br /> |<br /> |Anamika Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Bhaiya Arab Gaile Na&quot;<br /> |<br /> |''[[Indu Sonali]]''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Kuchh Din Kare Da Gujar&quot;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|2017<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|''[[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna]]''<br /> |&quot;Kawna Devta Ke Garhal Sawaral&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|Rajnish Mishra<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Shyam Dehati<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Laga Ke Fair Lovely&quot;<br /> |Khushboo Jain<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Balamua Ho Tohre Se Pyar Ho Gail&quot;<br /> |Rajnish Mishra<br /> |[[Kalpana Patowary]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Sarso Ke Sagiya&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Pyare Lal Yadav<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;E Ka Hamke Piyawale Re&quot;<br /> |Khushboo Jain<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Jaan Gayini Ye Ho Jaan&quot;<br /> |Rajnish Mishra<br /> |[[Kalpana Patowary]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Sakhi Re Bar Pa Gaini&quot;<br /> |Pyare Lal Yadav<br /> |{{hlist|[[Indu Sonali]]| [[Alok Kumar (singer)|Alok Kumar]]}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2018<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|''[[Border (2018 Bhojpuri film)|Border]]''<br /> |&quot;Deewani Bhaili Nagma&quot;<br /> |[[Rajnish Mishra]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Aazad Singh<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Bol Yarwa Bol Bol&quot;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |<br /> |[[Alok Kumar (singer)|Alok Kumar]], Paresh Lal Yadav, [[Rajnish Mishra]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|2020<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|''[[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna 3]]''<br /> |&quot;Kehu Dil Ke Kewadi Khat Khatawata&quot;<br /> |Pyare Lal Yadav<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Hothwa Se Madhu Chuye&quot;<br /> |Ajit Hulchal<br /> |Khusboo Jain<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Laga Ke Vaseline&quot;<br /> |Yadav Raj<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Patar Patar Pan Ke Danti&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|Ajit Hulchal<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Chumma Have Ki Hawe Baam&quot;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Jawan Bujhaye Tawan Kala Rajaji&quot;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |2021<br /> |[[Litti Chokha]]<br /> |&quot;Muhalla Machis Ho Gya&quot;<br /> |Om Jha <br /> |Yadav Raj<br /> |[[Swati Sharma]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |''[[Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye (2021 film)|Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye]]''<br /> |&quot;Dil me Dhuka ke&quot;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |<br /> |Yadav Raj<br /> |PriyankaSingh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Ho gail E Sanam&quot;<br /> |[[Rajnish Mishra]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Kamar se sariya&quot;<br /> |Kundan Prit<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Raat bhar rahta&quot;<br /> |Ajit Hulchal<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Tohke Dilwa Me Aise&quot;<br /> |Kundan Prit<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|''Pyar Kiya To Nibhana''<br /> |&quot;Ladki Pata Rahe Hai&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|Rajnish Mishra<br /> |Shyam Dehati<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Aathwa Ajooba banawle&quot;<br /> |Ajit Hulchal<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Na Diya Chumma&quot;<br /> |Ashutosh Tiwari<br /> |Khusboo Jain<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;De De Pyar De&quot;<br /> |Santosh Utprati<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Pyar Ke Amrit&quot;<br /> |Ashutosh Tiwari<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;30&quot; |2022<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|[[Aashiqui (2022 film)|Aashiqui]]<br /> |&quot;Man Magan Magan&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|Om Jha<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|Shyam Dehati<br /> |Swati Sharma<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Tu Hi Aashiqi&quot;<br /> |Snigdha Sarkar<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Apna Dil Ke&quot;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Tu Ladki Hai 420&quot;<br /> |Swati Sharma<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Saree Ke Palet&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Arya Sharma<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Vijay Chauhan<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Shilpi Raj<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 October 2022 |title=Saree Ke Palet: खेसारी लाल और आम्रपाली का बेडरूम सीन हो रहा है वायरल, देखें वीडियो - Jan Bharat News |url=https://bharat.hindian.net/saree-ke-palet-khesari-lal-and-amrapalis-bedroom-scene-is-going-viral/ |access-date=3 October 2022 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Lalki Tikuliya&quot;<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Shadi Ho To Aisi<br /> |&quot;Baap Re Baap&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Dhananjay Mishra<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Pyare Lal Yadav<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Makai Ke Dana&quot;<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|[[Dulhaniya London Se Layenge]]<br /> |&quot;Rajau Kahike Bolawa&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|Rajnish Mishra<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Yadav Raj<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Khushbu Tiwari<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Doston Ki Bhabhi&quot;<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Dilwa Me Aake Aayise Samayilu&quot;<br /> |Rajnish Mishra<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Oth Ganna Jas&quot;<br /> |Yadav Raj<br /> |Khushboo Tiwari<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;High Heel Ke Sandal Me&quot;<br /> |Shyam Dehati<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Love Ke Laltain&quot;<br /> |Ajit Hulchul <br /> |Khushboo Tiwari<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Kehuwo Se Dilwa Lage Na Ram Ji&quot;<br /> |Rajnish Mishra<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|[[Rowdy Inspector (2022 film)|Rowdy Inspector]]<br /> |&quot;Alkatara&quot;<br /> |Om Jha<br /> |Satya Sawarkar<br /> |Alka Jha<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;AC Tani Best Ka Ke&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma<br /> |Prakash Barud<br /> |Priyanka Singh Chauhan<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Marad Kya Sambhalogi&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Om Jha<br /> |Vinay Nirmal<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Rangreza Ho&quot;<br /> |Arvind Tiwari<br /> |Priya Singh Rajput<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|[[Doli Saja Ke Rakhna (2022 film)|Doli Saja Ke Rakhna]]<br /> |&quot;Dil Ke Galti Ba&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|Arya Sharma<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Vijay Chauhan<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Hariyarki Odhaniya&quot;<br /> |Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;500 Me Ka Ka Karbu&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Honey B<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Kariha Kothariya Me Pyar&quot;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Chhote Baba<br /> |Sumit Singh Chandravanshi<br /> |Anamika Tripathi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Laal Ghaghra&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Golu Yadav<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Sutela Balam Godthariye&quot;<br /> |Alka Jha<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Bol Radha Bol<br /> |&quot;Kaanch Hi Baans Ke Bahangiya&quot;<br /> |Traditional, Pyare Lal Yadav<br /> |[[Kalpana Patowary]], Alka Jha<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Le Labari Bhabhari Na Khiyaibe&quot;<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Priyanka Singh <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Mehari Godiye Me Sutal Rahe&quot;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Chhote Baba Basahi<br /> |Sumit Singh Chandravanshi <br /> |Alka Jha<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Baat Payal Ke Pata Na Chale&quot;<br /> |Prem Sagar Singh<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=खेसारी लाल और मेघाश्री का रोमांटिक गाना 'बात पायल के पता न चले' देखा क्या आपने? |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/bhojpuri/watch-khesari-lal-yadav-meghasree-latest-bhojpuri-ronatic-song-baat-payal-ke-pata-na-chale/1438740 |access-date=13 November 2022 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat<br /> |&quot;Maar Ke Musukiya&quot;<br /> |Om Jha<br /> |Shyam Dehati<br /> |Aarohi Bhardwaj <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2023<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[Farishta (2023 Film)|Farishta]]<br /> |&quot;Kariya Dress&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|Krishna Bedardi <br /> |Krishna Bedardi <br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Laage Fir Se Banawle Bhagwan&quot;<br /> |Ajit Hulchul<br /> |Neha Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Pagale Banadi Ramji&quot;<br /> |Sunny Kishan<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Hindi ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#cccccf; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Film<br /> !Song<br /> !Music<br /> !Lyrics<br /> !Co-singers<br /> !Note<br /> |-<br /> |2014<br /> |''[[Koyelaanchal]]''<br /> |&quot;AK-47&quot;<br /> |Sushant-Shankar<br /> |Surendra Mishra<br /> |<br /> |Song was in Bhojpuri language<br /> |-<br /> |2016<br /> |''[[Global Baba]]''<br /> |&quot;Holi me ude&quot;<br /> |Angel Roman &amp;<br /> Faizan Hussain<br /> |Shurya Upadhyay<br /> |[[Sona Mohapatra]]<br /> |He did a cameo in this song<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Non-film songs ===<br /> <br /> ====Bhojpuri====<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Album/Single<br /> !Song<br /> !Music<br /> !Lyrics<br /> !Co-singer(s)<br /> !Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2018<br /> |''Premika mil gail''<br /> |&quot;Thik Hai&quot;<br /> |Ashish Verma<br /> |Azad Singh &amp;<br /> Pyarelal Yadav<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|2021<br /> |''Bandook''<br /> |&quot;Bandook&quot;<br /> |Ajay Verma<br /> |Bittu Vidyarthi<br /> |Kanishka Negi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Babua ke khus ka da''<br /> |&quot;Arrah me dobara&quot;<br /> |Ajay Sharma<br /> |Vishal Bharti<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Jhagda''<br /> |&quot;Jhagda&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma<br /> |Akhilesh Kashyap<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Pani Pani (Bhojpuri)''<br /> |&quot;Pani Pani&quot;<br /> |Shubham Raj<br /> |Ajit Mandal<br /> |[[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]], Rini Chandra<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Ka Kare Ara Jalu''<br /> |&quot;Ka Kare Ara Jalu&quot;<br /> |Shyam Sundar<br /> |Pawan Pandey<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;41&quot; |2022<br /> |''Do Ghoont''<br /> |&quot;Do Ghoont&quot;<br /> |Subham Raj<br /> |Ajeet Mandal<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Jadaa Lagata''<br /> |&quot;Jadaa Lagata&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Arya Sharma<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Krishna Bedardi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Lalu Bina Chalu Bihar Na Hoi''<br /> |&quot;Lalu Bina Chalu Bihar Na Hoi&quot;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Aashiq''<br /> |&quot;Aashiq&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Subham Raj<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Ajit Mandal<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Dream Me Entry''<br /> |&quot;Dream me entry&quot;<br /> |[[Akshara Singh]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Ja Kamay Rajau''<br /> |&quot;Ja Kamay Rajau&quot;<br /> |Tinku Tufan Kesari<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2'|Krishna Bedardi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Ara Junction''<br /> |&quot;Ara Junction&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Pithaiya''<br /> |&quot;Pithaiya&quot;<br /> |Chhotu Rawat<br /> |Akhilesh Kashyap<br /> |[[Akshara Singh]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Mitha Rang''<br /> |&quot;Mitha Rang&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Pyar Parso Ke Kail Na Rahe''<br /> |&quot;Pyar Parso Ke Kail Na Rahe&quot;<br /> |Raj Ghazipuri<br /> |Ajit Halchal<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Marad Ha Piyakkad''<br /> |&quot;Marad Ha Piyakkad&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma<br /> |Akhilesh Kashyap<br /> Arjun Aditya<br /> |Neha Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Kajra''<br /> |&quot;Kajra&quot;<br /> |Amit Kashyap<br /> |Akhilesh Kashyap<br /> |Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Dev Ke Dulari Maiya''<br /> |&quot;Dev Ke Dulari Maiya&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Arya Sharma<br /> |Dheeraj Kumar Prajapati<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Tractorwa Wala''<br /> |&quot;Tractorwa Wala&quot;<br /> |Pawan Pandey<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Odhani Se Gher Ke''<br /> |&quot;Diyawa Bari Odhani Se Gher Ke&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Rakhi Ragini<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Le Le Aai Cocacola''<br /> |&quot;Le Le Aai Cocacola&quot;<br /> |Sarvind Malhar<br /> |Prakash Barud<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Buniya''<br /> |&quot;Buniya&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Lonwe Pe Leli''<br /> |&quot;Lonwe Pe Leli&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma<br /> |Pawan Pandey<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Baanh La Jawaniya''<br /> |&quot;Baanh La Jawaniya&quot;<br /> |Keshav Studio, Patna<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Hardi Laage Jaan Ke''<br /> |&quot;Hardi Laage Jaan Ke&quot;<br /> |Raj Ghazipuri<br /> |Akhilesh Kashyap<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Teesra Lahar''<br /> |&quot;Teesra Lahar&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> Suraj Singh<br /> |Neha Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Nathuniya''<br /> |&quot;Nathuniya&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Current Kamariya''<br /> |&quot;Current Kamariya&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|Arya Sharma<br /> |Vijay Chauhan<br /> |Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Balma Ke Budhi''<br /> |&quot;Balma Ke Budhi&quot;<br /> |Shyam Dehati<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Madwa Me Yarwa''<br /> |&quot;Madwa Me Yarwa&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Sut Jala Kora Me''<br /> |&quot;Sut Jala Kora Me&quot;<br /> |Pawan Pandey<br /> Sanjeev Kumar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Baraf''<br /> |&quot;Baraf&quot;<br /> |Priyanshu Singh<br /> |Pawan Pandey<br /> |Neha Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Jaat Biradar''<br /> |&quot;Jaat Biradar&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Arya Sharma<br /> |Akhilesh Kashyap<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Dil Diwana''<br /> |&quot;Dil Diwana&quot;<br /> |Pawan Pandey<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2 June 2022 |title=सुपरस्टार खेसारी लाल का नया गाना रिलीज: 'दिल दीवाना' गाना को सोशल मीडिया पर खूब पसंद कर रहे लोग |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/patna/news/people-are-liking-the-song-dil-deewana-very-much-on-social-media-129883442.html |access-date=2 June 2022 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Aaja Reel Pe Dekhawatani''<br /> |&quot;Aaja Reel Pe Dekhawatani&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Palak Pandey<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Branded Laika''<br /> |&quot;Branded Laika&quot;<br /> |JP Tiwari<br /> |Pankaj Vasudhari<br /> Akhilesh Kashyap<br /> |Shivani Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Barat Tohar Fir Jai''<br /> |&quot;Barar Tohar Fir Jai&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma <br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''UP Bihar''<br /> |&quot;UP Bihar&quot;<br /> |Priyanshu Singh<br /> |Pawan Pandey<br /> |Priyanka Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Aratiya Dharatiya Pa Hota''<br /> |&quot;Aratiya Dharatiya Pa Hota&quot;<br /> |Arya Sharma<br /> |Pyare Lal Yadav<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Durga Puja Ke Chanda 2''<br /> |&quot;Durga Puja Ke Chanda 2&quot;<br /> |Vivek Singh <br /> |Azad Singh <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Priyanka Singh <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Duariya Aili E Maai''<br /> |&quot;Duari Aili E Maai&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Krishna Bedardi <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Bondhu Teen Din 2.0''<br /> |&quot;Bondhu Teen Din&quot;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Arya Sharma<br /> |Shilpi Raj<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;huntdailynews.in&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Dil Tutal Hoi''<br /> |&quot;Dil Tutal Hoi&quot;<br /> |LC Praveen<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Tabla''<br /> |&quot;Tabla&quot;<br /> |Subham Raj<br /> |DK Diwana<br /> |Shilpi Raj<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Haseena''<br /> |&quot;Haseena&quot;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Anupma Yadav<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Anushka |date=2 December 2022 |title=Khesari Lal with Anupama is a revelation, watch the hot song 'Haseena' that has taken netizens by surprise |url=https://www.dnpindia.in/entertainment/khesari-lal-with-anupama-is-a-revelation-watch-the-hot-song-haseena-that-has-taken-netizens-by-surprise/136444/ |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=DNP INDIA |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Dhamaka Hoi Arrah Me 2.0''<br /> |&quot;Murugiya Arrah Ke Hiya&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi<br /> |Krishna Bedardi <br /> |Shilpi Raj<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2023<br /> |Jhagda 2.0<br /> |&quot;Jhagda 2.0&quot;<br /> |Krishna Bedardi <br /> |Krishna Bedardi <br /> |Neha Raj<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 January 2023 |title=VIDEO: मनोरंजन होगा खूब तगड़ा, खेसारी लाल यादव लेकर आए गए 'झगड़ा 2.O' सुपर ट्रेंड कर रहा ये गाना |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-khesari-lal-yadav-release-his-new-bhojpuri-song-jhagda-2-watch-video-5190029.html |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Naagin<br /> |&quot;Naagin&quot;<br /> |Arjun Sharma <br /> |Arjun Sharma<br /> |Kushi Kakkar<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Khesari Lal Yadav and Shweta Sharma's new dance number 'Nagin' is out! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-and-shweta-sharmas-new-dance-number-nagin-is-out/articleshow/98933973.cms?from=mdr |access-date=24 March 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Hindi ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Album/Single<br /> !Song<br /> !Music<br /> !Lyrics<br /> !Co-singer(s)<br /> !Notes<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2020<br /> |''Ladki Patana''<br /> |&quot;Ladki Patana&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|Vinay Vinayak<br /> |Jahid Akhtar<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''ishq''<br /> |&quot;ishq&quot;<br /> |Yadav Raj<br /> |Kanishka Negi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2021<br /> |''Tere Mere Darmiyaan''<br /> |&quot;Tere Mere Darmiyaan&quot;<br /> |Anupam Pandey<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Romantic Raja''<br /> |&quot;Romantic Raja&quot;<br /> |[[Shipra Goyal]]<br /> |[[Kunaal Vermaa]]<br /> |[[Shipra Goyal]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Tedhi Hai Par Meri Hai''<br /> |&quot;Tedhi Hai Par Meri Hai&quot;<br /> |Sajan Mishra<br /> |Ashutosh Tiwari, Birju Pal<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2022<br /> |''Kamariya Coca Cola''<br /> |&quot;Kamariya Coca Cola&quot;<br /> |Vinay Vinayak<br /> |Yadav Raj<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Tsunami''<br /> |&quot;Tsunami&quot;<br /> |[[Salim-Sulaiman]]<br /> |Surjeet Yadav<br /> Sraddha Pandit, Aditya Kalway<br /> |[[Akshara Singh]]<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Unke Dil Me''<br /> |&quot;Unke Dil Me&quot;<br /> |Shubham Raj<br /> |Ajay Bacchan<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Ya Khuda''<br /> |&quot;Ya Khuda&quot;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Vinay Vinayak<br /> |Anupam Pandey<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Baarish''<br /> |&quot;Baarish&quot;<br /> |Pinku Baba,<br /> Chandan Babu<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Mehfil''<br /> |&quot;Mehfil&quot;<br /> |Khesari Lal Yadav<br /> |Shardha Pandit<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== As a composer ====<br /> <br /> * ''Mehfil''<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Award<br /> ! Category<br /> ! Work<br /> ! Result<br /> ! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019<br /> |Bhojpuri Cine Awards<br /> |rowspan=3|Best Actor (Male) <br /> |rowspan=2|''Sangharsh''<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindirush.com/bhojpuri-news/bhojpuri-cinema-screen-and-stage-awards-2019-khesari-lal-yadav-sangharsh-kajal-raghwani-127182/|title=BCSASA 2019: फिल्म संघर्ष के लिए खेसारी लाल यादव को मिला बेस्ट एक्टर का अवार्ड, जानिए पूरी लिस्ट|last=Ramesh Kumar|date=22 September 2019|work=Hindi Rush|access-date=23 September 2019|language=hi|archive-date=23 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923162900/https://www.hindirush.com/bhojpuri-news/bhojpuri-cinema-screen-and-stage-awards-2019-khesari-lal-yadav-sangharsh-kajal-raghwani-127182/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3|[[Sabrang Film Awards]]<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/bihar/patna/news/bhojpuri-superstar-khesarilal-yadav-honored-siwan39s-vikas-singh-094005-5421688.html|title=सीवान के विकास सिंह को भोजपुरी सुपर स्टार खेसारीलाल यादव ने किया सम्मानित|last=Bhaskar News Network|date=7 September 2019|work=Dainik Bhaskar|access-date=10 September 2019|language=hi|archive-date=17 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017060200/https://www.bhaskar.com/bihar/patna/news/bhojpuri-superstar-khesarilal-yadav-honored-siwan39s-vikas-singh-094005-5421688.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3|2018<br /> |''Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna''<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Most Popular Actor<br /> |<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Bhojpuri Cine Awards<br /> | Best Actor<br /> |''Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna'' <br /> | {{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-cine-awards-2018-live-updates-2105450.html/amp|title=Bhojpuri Cine Awards 2018 live updates: Ravi Kishan-Manoj Tiwari add the star power!|work=Zee News|access-date=29 October 2018|archive-date=29 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029232407/https://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-cine-awards-2018-live-updates-2105450.html/amp|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2016<br /> |Most Popular Actor<br /> |<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;track12&quot;/&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Nilkamal Singh]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category}}<br /> * {{IMDb name|id=6378386}}<br /> <br /> {{Subject bar<br /> |commons = yes<br /> |commons-search = <br /> |d = yes<br /> |d-search = <br /> |portal1 = Biography<br /> |portal2 = Bhojpuri Cinema<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Khesari Lal}}<br /> [[Category:1986 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Bhojpuri cinema]]<br /> [[Category:People from Siwan district]]<br /> [[Category:Singers from Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) contestants]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Paran_Murmu&diff=435206 2023-10-17T02:53:43Z

<p>PinkMelon: Hoax</p> <hr /> <div>{{db-hoax}}<br /> {{AFC submission|d|n|u=Paranparan|ns=118|decliner=PinkMelon|declinets=20231017082157|reject=yes|ts=20230919043645}} &lt;!-- Do not remove this line! --&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Infobox writer<br /> | name = Paran Murmu<br /> [[File:verified.png|17px]]<br /> | image =<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2003|01|10|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_place = [https://en.wikialpha.org/wiki/Gopalpur,%20Karandighi,%20West%20Bengal Gopalpur], [[India]]<br /> | language = [[Bengali]], [[Hindi]]<br /> | nationality = [[Indian]]<br /> | genre = [[Romance film|Romance]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Fiction%20(film) non-fiction], [[Suspense film|suspense]], [[Thriller Film|thriller]]<br /> | notableworks = [http://Goodbye%20(upcoming%20film) Goodbye], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karthikeya 2|Karthikeya 2]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan|Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ka Jaan]], [[Shamshera]]<br /> | website = https://en.wikialpha.org/wiki/Paran_Murmu<br /> | caption = [https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&amp;q=Paran+Murmu Paran Murmu in 2023]<br /> | alma_mater = [[Shree Agrasen Mahavidyalaya]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]<br /> | years_active = 2019–present<br /> | parents = Marang Murmu (father), Sumi Hemram (mother)<br /> | occupation = [[Actor]], [[Entrepreneur]],<br /> | children = <br /> | spouse =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> [https://en.wikialpha.org/wiki/Paran%20Murmu '''Paran Murmu'''] (Born 10 January 2003 in Gopalpur, West Bengal, India) is an [[Actor|Indian Actor]], [[Artist|Musical Artist]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneurship Entrepneuear], [[Digital Marketing|Digital Marketer]]. He is the active [https://g.co/kgs/foS3Tp social media influencer], [[Artist|Musical artist]], [[Youtuber]]. Paran Murmu brought up [[https://en.wikialpha.org/wiki/Gopalpur, Karandighi, West Bengal|Gopalpur, West Bengal, India]]. and finished tutoring here. At the age of 20, he started musical artist and entrepnuear youtuber career. Paran Murmu is a student at [[Shree Agrasen Mahavidyalaya]].<br /> <br /> ==Early Life==<br /> Paran Murmu is an [[Actor|Indian Actor]], [[Entrepreneurship|Entrepreneur]], [[Artist]], And [[Digital Marketing|Digital Marketer]]. He is the active Musical artist and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influencer%20marketing social media influencer], [[Youtuber]]. He started working as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composer Music composer] and [[Digital marketing|digital marketing]] now he is much more successful in [[Social media|social media]]. The best way to keep up is to learn from and support each other as we continue pushing the boundaries of innovation in marketing.<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> <br /> [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm13899871/?ref%20=ext%20shr%20lnk Paran Murmu], resident of West Bengal (India), has earned his name in the list of successful [[Entrepreneur|entrepreneurs]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influencer%20marketing social media influencers]. Paran himself said,' [[Entrepreneurship]] is a passion for me and social media is something I am interested in.” It is obvious after hearing this statement that he has interest and skill both in handling search social networking sites. <br /> Paran Murmu who is born in a very small village of Gopalpur, but his visions are very high. At the age of 20 years only he has established reputation as a high-end entrepreneur and a successful social media influencer. He proved to the world that social sites are not only for entertainment purposes. If you try and learn then you can make excellent use of it. You can grab money from sitting in your home while enjoying a cup of coffee. Paran has made his identity of an Indian social media influencer through his hard work and dedication.<br /> <br /> == Personal Life ==<br /> Paran Murmu In the modern scenario, where competition is on the peak, it is a boon for someone having multiple skills. This demanding world needs adaptable and all - around personalities. There are many resources and opportunities before us, but we don’t know how to make a good use out of that. Social media platforms are one of them. It is such a wonderful place to explore yourself as well as the world. These online sites are benefiting numerous people in many ways. If you know the techniques and ways of using such platforms, you can earn handsome amount of money. Besides that, it will enhance your knowledge and experience.<br /> A budding entrepreneur is on his way of adventure. He has a huge network of followers on the Facebook and Instagram platforms which shows his connectivity to the people and his work. We all are very well acquainted of the demand and scope of digital marketing in present time. This craze of digital marketing is increasing day-by-day among youth and other people. Due to the corona pandemic many brands and companies are shifting their work online. Earlier, internet was mainly used for entertainment, for uploading pictures and chatting with family and friends. Now it is not limited to those things only. In this fast changing and growing world every platform has upgraded its facilities. Technologies are our future. Social sites have given employment to many people. It offers many perks to the people who are efficient and innovative. Such is the case of Paran Murmu also, who helps entrepreneurs, influencers and business owners in personal and business branding projects by creating the brand awareness in front of the virtual world. Paran is so passionate and disciplined about his profession. His innovative ideas and skilled works are paving the way of his tremendous success. Apart from his interest in marketing he is also passionate about traveling, technology, fashion and food. It is never easy to start a new thing. Trying something out of the box is definitely a brave decision. You have to believe in yourself more than any other people. Paran did the same. He believed in his ideas and efforts. Due to his experiments, hardships and dedication now he has reached the place where he once desired for. We should always strive for better. As Paran himself stated that it's just start for him, many more creativity is yet to come. Such skilled, hardworking and true entrepreneurs are hard to find these days who believes in discussing solutions instead of problems. People need to learn from his innovative and determined thinking. At last but not the least, we heartily appreciate all the efforts which Paran is putting to benefit others and also wish him all the very best for his future endeavors. <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://www.imdb.com/name/nm13899871/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_0_nm_1_q_Paran%2520Murmu&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://www.entrepenuerstories.com/latest/a-budding-influencer-paran-murmu/&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://www.crunchbase.com/person/paran-murmu&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://wikialpha.org/wiki/Paran_Murmu&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://www.theindianbytes.in/a-budding-influencer-and-music-artists-paran-murmu/&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://www.thebharatsaga.com/a-budding-influencer-paran-murmu/&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://peoplepill.com/i/paran-murmu&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://storywithabhi.com/paran-murmu-bio-877528/&lt;/ref&gt;</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Paranparan&diff=435204 2023-10-17T02:51:58Z

<p>PinkMelon: declined (AFCH 0.9.1)</p> <hr /> <div>== Welcome! ==<br /> <br /> Hello, Paranparan, and [[Bharatpedia:Introduction|welcome]] to Bharatpedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you may find helpful:<br /> {{Div col}}<br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Introduction|Introduction]] and [[Help:Getting started|Getting started]]<br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Contributing to Bharatpedia|Contributing to Bharatpedia]]<br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Five pillars|The five pillars of Bharatpedia]]<br /> * [[Help:Editing|How to edit a page]] and [[Bharatpedia:Article development|How to develop articles]]<br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Your first article|How to create your first article]] <br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Simplified Manual of Style|Simplified Manual of Style]]<br /> {{Div col end}}<br /> Need some ideas of what kind of things need doing? Try the [[Bharatpedia:Task Center]].<br /> <br /> I hope you enjoy editing here and being a [[Bharatpedia:Bharatpedians|Bharatpedian]]! Please [[Bharatpedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|sign your name]] on talk pages using four [[tilde]]s (&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;); this will automatically produce your username and the date. If you need help, check out [[Bharatpedia:Questions]], ask me on my talk page, or {{edit|Special:MyTalk|post a question on your own talk page|section=new|preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload|preloadtitle=Help me!}}. Again, welcome!&amp;nbsp; [[User:Ajay Kumar|Ajay Kumar]] ([[User talk:Ajay Kumar|talk]]) 19:44, 29 August 2023 (IST)&lt;!-- Template:Welcome0 --&gt;<br /> <br /> == Your submission at [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]]: [[Draft:Paran Murmu|Paran Murmu]] (October 17) ==<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;border: solid 1px #F99; background-color: #F8EEBC; padding: 0.5em 1em; color: #000; margin: 1.5em; width: 90%;&quot;&gt; [[File:Oxygen480-actions-document-close.svg|50px|left]]Your recent article submission has been rejected. If you have further questions, you can ask at the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Paran_Murmu '''Articles for creation help desk''']&lt;/span&gt; or use [[Bharatpedia:IRC help disclaimer|Bharatpedia's real-time chat help]].&lt;nowiki&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;The reason&lt;!-- pluralize &quot;reason&quot; --&gt;&lt;!--empty--&gt; left by PinkMelon was: This topic is [[Bharatpedia:Notability|not sufficiently notable for inclusion in Bharatpedia]].&lt;!--<br /> --<br /> --&gt;<br /> {{clear}}<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;border-radius:8em;padding:2px 5px;background:blue;font-size:95%&quot;&gt;[[User:PinkMelon|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFF&quot;&gt;'''PinkMelon'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;[[User talk:PinkMelon|&lt;b style=&quot;color:violet;&quot;&gt;(talk)&lt;/b&gt;]] 08:21, 17 October 2023 (IST)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--Template:AfC reject--&gt;</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Paran_Murmu&diff=435205 2023-10-17T02:51:57Z

<p>PinkMelon: Rejecting submission: n - Topic is not notable (AFCH 0.9.1)</p> <hr /> <div>{{AFC submission|d|n|u=Paranparan|ns=118|decliner=PinkMelon|declinets=20231017082157|reject=yes|ts=20230919043645}} &lt;!-- Do not remove this line! --&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Infobox writer<br /> | name = Paran Murmu<br /> [[File:verified.png|17px]]<br /> | image =<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2003|01|10|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_place = [https://en.wikialpha.org/wiki/Gopalpur,%20Karandighi,%20West%20Bengal Gopalpur], [[India]]<br /> | language = [[Bengali]], [[Hindi]]<br /> | nationality = [[Indian]]<br /> | genre = [[Romance film|Romance]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Fiction%20(film) non-fiction], [[Suspense film|suspense]], [[Thriller Film|thriller]]<br /> | notableworks = [http://Goodbye%20(upcoming%20film) Goodbye], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karthikeya 2|Karthikeya 2]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan|Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ka Jaan]], [[Shamshera]]<br /> | website = https://en.wikialpha.org/wiki/Paran_Murmu<br /> | caption = [https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&amp;q=Paran+Murmu Paran Murmu in 2023]<br /> | alma_mater = [[Shree Agrasen Mahavidyalaya]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]<br /> | years_active = 2019–present<br /> | parents = Marang Murmu (father), Sumi Hemram (mother)<br /> | occupation = [[Actor]], [[Entrepreneur]],<br /> | children = <br /> | spouse =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> [https://en.wikialpha.org/wiki/Paran%20Murmu '''Paran Murmu'''] (Born 10 January 2003 in Gopalpur, West Bengal, India) is an [[Actor|Indian Actor]], [[Artist|Musical Artist]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneurship Entrepneuear], [[Digital Marketing|Digital Marketer]]. He is the active [https://g.co/kgs/foS3Tp social media influencer], [[Artist|Musical artist]], [[Youtuber]]. Paran Murmu brought up [[https://en.wikialpha.org/wiki/Gopalpur, Karandighi, West Bengal|Gopalpur, West Bengal, India]]. and finished tutoring here. At the age of 20, he started musical artist and entrepnuear youtuber career. Paran Murmu is a student at [[Shree Agrasen Mahavidyalaya]].<br /> <br /> ==Early Life==<br /> Paran Murmu is an [[Actor|Indian Actor]], [[Entrepreneurship|Entrepreneur]], [[Artist]], And [[Digital Marketing|Digital Marketer]]. He is the active Musical artist and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influencer%20marketing social media influencer], [[Youtuber]]. He started working as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composer Music composer] and [[Digital marketing|digital marketing]] now he is much more successful in [[Social media|social media]]. The best way to keep up is to learn from and support each other as we continue pushing the boundaries of innovation in marketing.<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> <br /> [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm13899871/?ref%20=ext%20shr%20lnk Paran Murmu], resident of West Bengal (India), has earned his name in the list of successful [[Entrepreneur|entrepreneurs]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influencer%20marketing social media influencers]. Paran himself said,' [[Entrepreneurship]] is a passion for me and social media is something I am interested in.” It is obvious after hearing this statement that he has interest and skill both in handling search social networking sites. <br /> Paran Murmu who is born in a very small village of Gopalpur, but his visions are very high. At the age of 20 years only he has established reputation as a high-end entrepreneur and a successful social media influencer. He proved to the world that social sites are not only for entertainment purposes. If you try and learn then you can make excellent use of it. You can grab money from sitting in your home while enjoying a cup of coffee. Paran has made his identity of an Indian social media influencer through his hard work and dedication.<br /> <br /> == Personal Life ==<br /> Paran Murmu In the modern scenario, where competition is on the peak, it is a boon for someone having multiple skills. This demanding world needs adaptable and all - around personalities. There are many resources and opportunities before us, but we don’t know how to make a good use out of that. Social media platforms are one of them. It is such a wonderful place to explore yourself as well as the world. These online sites are benefiting numerous people in many ways. If you know the techniques and ways of using such platforms, you can earn handsome amount of money. Besides that, it will enhance your knowledge and experience.<br /> A budding entrepreneur is on his way of adventure. He has a huge network of followers on the Facebook and Instagram platforms which shows his connectivity to the people and his work. We all are very well acquainted of the demand and scope of digital marketing in present time. This craze of digital marketing is increasing day-by-day among youth and other people. Due to the corona pandemic many brands and companies are shifting their work online. Earlier, internet was mainly used for entertainment, for uploading pictures and chatting with family and friends. Now it is not limited to those things only. In this fast changing and growing world every platform has upgraded its facilities. Technologies are our future. Social sites have given employment to many people. It offers many perks to the people who are efficient and innovative. Such is the case of Paran Murmu also, who helps entrepreneurs, influencers and business owners in personal and business branding projects by creating the brand awareness in front of the virtual world. Paran is so passionate and disciplined about his profession. His innovative ideas and skilled works are paving the way of his tremendous success. Apart from his interest in marketing he is also passionate about traveling, technology, fashion and food. It is never easy to start a new thing. Trying something out of the box is definitely a brave decision. You have to believe in yourself more than any other people. Paran did the same. He believed in his ideas and efforts. Due to his experiments, hardships and dedication now he has reached the place where he once desired for. We should always strive for better. As Paran himself stated that it's just start for him, many more creativity is yet to come. Such skilled, hardworking and true entrepreneurs are hard to find these days who believes in discussing solutions instead of problems. People need to learn from his innovative and determined thinking. At last but not the least, we heartily appreciate all the efforts which Paran is putting to benefit others and also wish him all the very best for his future endeavors. <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://www.imdb.com/name/nm13899871/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_0_nm_1_q_Paran%2520Murmu&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://www.entrepenuerstories.com/latest/a-budding-influencer-paran-murmu/&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://www.crunchbase.com/person/paran-murmu&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://wikialpha.org/wiki/Paran_Murmu&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://www.theindianbytes.in/a-budding-influencer-and-music-artists-paran-murmu/&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://www.thebharatsaga.com/a-budding-influencer-paran-murmu/&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://peoplepill.com/i/paran-murmu&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://storywithabhi.com/paran-murmu-bio-877528/&lt;/ref&gt;</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Hexatron93&diff=435203 2023-10-17T02:47:39Z

<p>PinkMelon: declined (AFCH 0.9.1)</p> <hr /> <div>{{Talk header}}<br /> <br /> == Your submission at [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]]: [[Receivables Exchange of India Limited (RXIL)]] has been accepted ==<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;border:solid 1px #57DB1E; background:#E6FFE6; padding:1em; padding-top:0.5em; padding-bottom:0.5em; width:20em; color:black; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; width: 90%;&quot;&gt;[[File:AFC-Logo.svg|50px|left]] '''[[Receivables Exchange of India Limited (RXIL)]], which you submitted to Articles for creation, has been created.'''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> Congratulations, and thank you for helping expand the scope of Bharatpedia! We hope you will continue making quality contributions. <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;autoconfirmed-show&quot;&gt;Since you have made at least 10 edits over more than four days, you can now [[Bharatpedia:Your first article|create articles yourself]] without posting a request. 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Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time.&lt;nowiki&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;The reason left by PinkMelon was:<br /> <br /> {{divbox|gray|3=Need additional independent sources for verification and then resubmit|}}&lt;!--<br /> --<br /> --&gt; Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit ''when they have been resolved''.<br /> {{clear}}<br /> * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to [[Draft:KABIL(Khanij Bidesh India Ltd.)]] and click on the &quot;Edit&quot; tab at the top of the window.<br /> * If you now believe the draft cannot meet Bharatpedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. 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'''Articles for creation help desk''']&lt;/span&gt;, on the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=User_talk:PinkMelon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:KABIL(Khanij_Bidesh_India_Ltd.) '''reviewer's talk page''']&lt;/span&gt;.<br /> [[User:PinkMelon|&lt;b style=&quot;font-family:Georgia;font-size:105%;color:violet&quot;&gt; PinkMelon&lt;/b&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;border-radius:8em;padding:2px 5px;background:#0151D2;font-size:75%&quot;&gt;[[User talk:PinkMelon|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFF&quot;&gt;'''talk'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt; 02:03, 27 June 2023 (IST)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--Template:AfC decline--&gt;<br /> <br /> {{subst:Bharatpedia:Teahouse/AFC invitation|sign=[[User:PinkMelon|&lt;b style=&quot;font-family:Georgia;font-size:105%;color:violet&quot;&gt; PinkMelon&lt;/b&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;border-radius:8em;padding:2px 5px;background:#0151D2;font-size:75%&quot;&gt;[[User talk:PinkMelon|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFF&quot;&gt;'''talk'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt; 02:03, 27 June 2023 (IST)}}<br /> <br /> == Your submission at [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]]: [[JSW Ispat Special Products Limited]] has been accepted ==<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;border:solid 1px #57DB1E; background:#E6FFE6; padding:1em; padding-top:0.5em; padding-bottom:0.5em; width:20em; color:black; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; width: 90%;&quot;&gt;[[File:AFC-Logo.svg|50px|left]] '''[[JSW Ispat Special Products Limited]], which you submitted to Articles for creation, has been created.'''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> Congratulations, and thank you for helping expand the scope of Bharatpedia! We hope you will continue making quality contributions. &lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> The article has been assessed as '''Start-Class''', which is recorded on its [[Talk:JSW Ispat Special Products Limited|talk page]]. Most new articles start out as Stub-Class or Start-Class and then attain higher grades as they [[Bharatpedia:Article development|develop]] over time.<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;autoconfirmed-show&quot;&gt;Since you have made at least 10 edits over more than four days, you can now [[Bharatpedia:Your first article|create articles yourself]] without posting a request. However, you may continue submitting work to [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]] if you prefer.&lt;/div&gt;<br /> If you have any questions, you are welcome to ask at the '''&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_talk/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=JSW_Ispat_Special_Products_Limited help desk]&lt;/span&gt;'''.&lt;span class=&quot;unconfirmed-show&quot;&gt; Once you have made at least 10 edits and had an account for at least four days, you will have the option to [[Bharatpedia:Your first article|create articles yourself]] without posting a request to [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]].&lt;/span&gt;<br /> <br /> If you would like to help us improve this process, please consider {{leave feedback/link|page=Bharatpedia:WikiProject Articles for creation|text=leaving us some feedback}}.<br /> <br /> Thanks again, and happy editing!<br /> [[User:PinkMelon|&lt;b style=&quot;font-family:Georgia;font-size:105%;color:violet&quot;&gt; PinkMelon&lt;/b&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;border-radius:8em;padding:2px 5px;background:#0151D2;font-size:75%&quot;&gt;[[User talk:PinkMelon|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFF&quot;&gt;'''talk'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt; 02:06, 27 June 2023 (IST)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--Template:Afc talk--&gt;<br /> <br /> == Your submission at [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]]: [[PTC Industries Limited]] has been accepted ==<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;border:solid 1px #57DB1E; background:#E6FFE6; padding:1em; padding-top:0.5em; padding-bottom:0.5em; width:20em; color:black; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; width: 90%;&quot;&gt;[[File:AFC-Logo.svg|50px|left]] '''[[PTC Industries Limited]], which you submitted to Articles for creation, has been created.'''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> Congratulations, and thank you for helping expand the scope of Bharatpedia! We hope you will continue making quality contributions. &lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> The article has been assessed as '''B-Class''', which is recorded on its [[Talk:PTC Industries Limited|talk page]]. This is a fantastic rating for a new article, and places it among the top {{AfC talk/B percentage}} of accepted submissions — major kudos to you!<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;autoconfirmed-show&quot;&gt;Since you have made at least 10 edits over more than four days, you can now [[Bharatpedia:Your first article|create articles yourself]] without posting a request. However, you may continue submitting work to [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]] if you prefer.&lt;/div&gt;<br /> If you have any questions, you are welcome to ask at the '''&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_talk/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=PTC_Industries_Limited help desk]&lt;/span&gt;'''.&lt;span class=&quot;unconfirmed-show&quot;&gt; Once you have made at least 10 edits and had an account for at least four days, you will have the option to [[Bharatpedia:Your first article|create articles yourself]] without posting a request to [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]].&lt;/span&gt;<br /> <br /> If you would like to help us improve this process, please consider {{leave feedback/link|page=Bharatpedia:WikiProject Articles for creation|text=leaving us some feedback}}.<br /> <br /> Thanks again, and happy editing!<br /> [[User:PinkMelon|&lt;b style=&quot;font-family:Georgia;font-size:105%;color:violet&quot;&gt; PinkMelon&lt;/b&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;border-radius:8em;padding:2px 5px;background:#0151D2;font-size:75%&quot;&gt;[[User talk:PinkMelon|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFF&quot;&gt;'''talk'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt; 11:36, 28 June 2023 (IST)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--Template:Afc talk--&gt;<br /> <br /> == Your submission at [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]]: [[Vadinar Port]] has been accepted ==<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;border:solid 1px #57DB1E; background:#E6FFE6; padding:1em; padding-top:0.5em; padding-bottom:0.5em; width:20em; color:black; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; width: 90%;&quot;&gt;[[File:AFC-Logo.svg|50px|left]] '''[[Vadinar Port]], which you submitted to Articles for creation, has been created.'''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> Congratulations, and thank you for helping expand the scope of Bharatpedia! We hope you will continue making quality contributions. &lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> The article has been assessed as '''Start-Class''', which is recorded on its [[Talk:Vadinar Port|talk page]]. Most new articles start out as Stub-Class or Start-Class and then attain higher grades as they [[Bharatpedia:Article development|develop]] over time.<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;autoconfirmed-show&quot;&gt;Since you have made at least 10 edits over more than four days, you can now [[Bharatpedia:Your first article|create articles yourself]] without posting a request. However, you may continue submitting work to [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]] if you prefer.&lt;/div&gt;<br /> If you have any questions, you are welcome to ask at the '''&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_talk/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Vadinar_Port help desk]&lt;/span&gt;'''.&lt;span class=&quot;unconfirmed-show&quot;&gt; Once you have made at least 10 edits and had an account for at least four days, you will have the option to [[Bharatpedia:Your first article|create articles yourself]] without posting a request to [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]].&lt;/span&gt;<br /> <br /> If you would like to help us improve this process, please consider {{leave feedback/link|page=Bharatpedia:WikiProject Articles for creation|text=leaving us some feedback}}.<br /> <br /> Thanks again, and happy editing!<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;border-radius:8em;padding:2px 5px;background:blue;font-size:95%&quot;&gt;[[User:PinkMelon|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFF&quot;&gt;'''PinkMelon'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;[[User talk:PinkMelon|&lt;b style=&quot;color:violet;&quot;&gt;(talk)&lt;/b&gt;]] 01:57, 7 August 2023 (IST)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--Template:Afc talk--&gt;<br /> <br /> == Your submission at [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]]: [[Crown Group (defence)]] has been accepted ==<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;border:solid 1px #57DB1E; background:#E6FFE6; padding:1em; padding-top:0.5em; padding-bottom:0.5em; width:20em; color:black; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; width: 90%;&quot;&gt;[[File:AFC-Logo.svg|50px|left]] '''[[Crown Group (defence)]], which you submitted to Articles for creation, has been created.'''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> Congratulations, and thank you for helping expand the scope of Bharatpedia! We hope you will continue making quality contributions. &lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> The article has been assessed as '''Start-Class''', which is recorded on its [[Talk:Crown Group (defence)|talk page]]. Most new articles start out as Stub-Class or Start-Class and then attain higher grades as they [[Bharatpedia:Article development|develop]] over time.<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;autoconfirmed-show&quot;&gt;Since you have made at least 10 edits over more than four days, you can now [[Bharatpedia:Your first article|create articles yourself]] without posting a request. However, you may continue submitting work to [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]] if you prefer.&lt;/div&gt;<br /> If you have any questions, you are welcome to ask at the '''&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_talk/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Crown_Group_(defence) help desk]&lt;/span&gt;'''.&lt;span class=&quot;unconfirmed-show&quot;&gt; Once you have made at least 10 edits and had an account for at least four days, you will have the option to [[Bharatpedia:Your first article|create articles yourself]] without posting a request to [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]].&lt;/span&gt;<br /> <br /> If you would like to help us improve this process, please consider {{leave feedback/link|page=Bharatpedia:WikiProject Articles for creation|text=leaving us some feedback}}.<br /> <br /> Thanks again, and happy editing!<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;border-radius:8em;padding:2px 5px;background:blue;font-size:95%&quot;&gt;[[User:PinkMelon|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFF&quot;&gt;'''PinkMelon'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;[[User talk:PinkMelon|&lt;b style=&quot;color:violet;&quot;&gt;(talk)&lt;/b&gt;]] 01:50, 25 August 2023 (IST)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--Template:Afc talk--&gt;<br /> <br /> == Your submission at [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]]: [[Draft:Star Earth Minerals Ltd.|Star Earth Minerals Ltd.]] (October 17) ==<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;border: solid 1px #FCC; background-color: #F8EEBC; padding: 0.5em 1em; color: #000; margin: 1.5em; width: 90%;&quot;&gt; [[File:Oxygen480-actions-document-close.svg|50px|left]]Your recent article submission to [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for Creation]] has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time.&lt;nowiki&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;The reason left by PinkMelon was:<br /> <br /> {{divbox|gray|3=This submission's references do not show that the subject [[Bharatpedia:Notability|qualifies for a Bharatpedia article]]—that is, they do not show ''significant'' coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in ''published'', [[Bharatpedia:Identifying reliable sources|''reliable'']], [[Bharatpedia:No_original_research#Secondary|''secondary'']] sources that are ''[[Bharatpedia:Identifying and using independent sources|independent]]'' of the subject (see the [[Bharatpedia:Notability (organizations and companies)|guidelines on the notability of organizations and companies]]). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see [[Help:Referencing for beginners|technical help]] and learn about [[Bharatpedia:Common sourcing mistakes (notability)|mistakes to avoid]] when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Bharatpedia.|}}&lt;!--<br /> --<br /> --&gt; Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit ''when they have been resolved''.<br /> {{clear}}<br /> * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to [[Draft:Star Earth Minerals Ltd.]] and click on the &quot;Edit&quot; tab at the top of the window.<br /> * If you now believe the draft cannot meet Bharatpedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to [[Draft:Star Earth Minerals Ltd.]], click on the &quot;Edit&quot; tab at the top of the window, add &quot;{{tl|Db-g7}}&quot; at the top of the draft text and click the blue &quot;publish changes&quot; button to save this edit.<br /> * If you do not make any further changes to your draft, in 6 months, it will be considered abandoned and [[Bharatpedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#G13. Abandoned Drafts and Articles for creation submissions|may be deleted]].<br /> * If you need any assistance, or have experienced any [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation/Scam warning|untoward behavior]] associated with this submission, you can ask for help at the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Star_Earth_Minerals_Ltd. '''Articles for creation help desk''']&lt;/span&gt;, on the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=User_talk:PinkMelon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Star_Earth_Minerals_Ltd. '''reviewer's talk page''']&lt;/span&gt;.<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;border-radius:8em;padding:2px 5px;background:blue;font-size:95%&quot;&gt;[[User:PinkMelon|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFF&quot;&gt;'''PinkMelon'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;[[User talk:PinkMelon|&lt;b style=&quot;color:violet;&quot;&gt;(talk)&lt;/b&gt;]] 08:17, 17 October 2023 (IST)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--Template:AfC decline--&gt;</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Star_Earth_Minerals_Ltd.&diff=435202 2023-10-17T02:47:37Z

<p>PinkMelon: Declining submission: corp - Submission is about a company or organization not yet shown to meet notability guidelines (AFCH 0.9.1)</p> <hr /> <div>{{AFC submission|d|corp|u=Hexatron93|ns=118|decliner=PinkMelon|declinets=20231017081737|ts=20230518170239}} &lt;!-- Do not remove this line! --&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;<br /> <br /> Star Earth Minerals Pvt. Ltd. Is the leading manufacturer of rare earth and zirconium at Taloja Industrial Area, Maharashtra India.<br /> <br /> Star Earth Minerals Pvt. Ltd. started production in 2006 of Rare Earth oxides/chlorides and their compounds with production capacity 60MT/ month.<br /> <br /> ==Products==<br /> <br /> Cerium, Lanthanum, Praseodymium, Gadolinium, Yttrium, Neodymium<br /> <br /> == Final Submission ==</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Sadhokruhul&diff=435201 2023-10-17T02:45:34Z

<p>PinkMelon: declined (AFCH 0.9.1)</p> <hr /> <div>{{Talk header}}<br /> <br /> == Your submission at [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]]: [[Draft:Ruhul Amin Rulon|Ruhul Amin Rulon]] (October 17) ==<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;border: solid 1px #FCC; background-color: #F8EEBC; padding: 0.5em 1em; color: #000; margin: 1.5em; width: 90%;&quot;&gt; [[File:Oxygen480-actions-document-close.svg|50px|left]]Your recent article submission to [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for Creation]] has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time.&lt;nowiki&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;The reason left by PinkMelon was:<br /> <br /> {{divbox|gray|3=This submission's references do not show that the subject [[Bharatpedia:Notability|qualifies for a Bharatpedia article]]—that is, they do not show ''significant'' coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in ''published'', [[Bharatpedia:Identifying reliable sources|''reliable'']], [[Bharatpedia:No_original_research#Secondary|''secondary'']] sources that are ''[[Bharatpedia:Identifying and using independent sources|independent]]'' of the subject (see the [[Bharatpedia:Notability (people)|guidelines on the notability of people]]). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see [[Help:Referencing_for_beginners#Inserting_a_reference|technical help]] and learn about [[Bharatpedia:Common sourcing mistakes (notability)|mistakes to avoid]] when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Bharatpedia.|}}&lt;!--<br /> --<br /> --&gt; Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit ''when they have been resolved''.<br /> {{clear}}<br /> * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to [[Draft:Ruhul Amin Rulon]] and click on the &quot;Edit&quot; tab at the top of the window.<br /> * If you now believe the draft cannot meet Bharatpedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to [[Draft:Ruhul Amin Rulon]], click on the &quot;Edit&quot; tab at the top of the window, add &quot;{{tl|Db-g7}}&quot; at the top of the draft text and click the blue &quot;publish changes&quot; button to save this edit.<br /> * If you do not make any further changes to your draft, in 6 months, it will be considered abandoned and [[Bharatpedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#G13. Abandoned Drafts and Articles for creation submissions|may be deleted]].<br /> * If you need any assistance, or have experienced any [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation/Scam warning|untoward behavior]] associated with this submission, you can ask for help at the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Ruhul_Amin_Rulon '''Articles for creation help desk''']&lt;/span&gt;, on the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=User_talk:PinkMelon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Ruhul_Amin_Rulon '''reviewer's talk page''']&lt;/span&gt;.<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;border-radius:8em;padding:2px 5px;background:blue;font-size:95%&quot;&gt;[[User:PinkMelon|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFF&quot;&gt;'''PinkMelon'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;[[User talk:PinkMelon|&lt;b style=&quot;color:violet;&quot;&gt;(talk)&lt;/b&gt;]] 08:15, 17 October 2023 (IST)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--Template:AfC decline--&gt;<br /> <br /> {{subst:Bharatpedia:Teahouse/AFC invitation|sign=&lt;span style=&quot;border-radius:8em;padding:2px 5px;background:blue;font-size:95%&quot;&gt;[[User:PinkMelon|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFF&quot;&gt;'''PinkMelon'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;[[User talk:PinkMelon|&lt;b style=&quot;color:violet;&quot;&gt;(talk)&lt;/b&gt;]] 08:15, 17 October 2023 (IST)}}</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Ruhul_Amin_Rulon&diff=435200 2023-10-17T02:45:31Z

<p>PinkMelon: Declining submission: bio - Submission is about a person not yet shown to meet notability guidelines (AFCH 0.9.1)</p> <hr /> <div>{{AFC submission|d|bio|u=Sadhokruhul|ns=118|decliner=PinkMelon|declinets=20231017081531|ts=20230720091305}} &lt;!-- Do not remove this line! --&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Hatnote|&lt;nowiki&gt; Famous Lyricist Of Bangladesh&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}<br /> {{Other uses|Rulon shah }}<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- The Infobox person entries are examples only. --&gt;<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Ruhul Amin Rulon<br /> | image = Rulon.png<br /> | caption = The Spiritual Leader Of Bangladesh<br /> | birth_date = 02-01-2005<br /> | birth_place = Tangail, Bangladesh<br /> | occupation = [[Researcher, Spiritual Leader of Islam, Lyricist, Writer, Philosopher, Meditator, yoga Teacher ]]<br /> | parents = MD. Nurul Amin And Rokeya Begum<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ruhul Amin Rulon''' (02-01-2005 &amp;ndash; ) can be a lead-in to the '''Rulon Sai or Rulon Shah'''.People call Sadhok Ruhul, R Amin, Rulon Shah, Rulon Sai, Akanda, Ruhul Sadhu, Amin Mohammad.<br /> <br /> == Biography ==<br /> He is writing numerous lyrical poems one by one to express various theories. He is an eminent saint, writer,spiritual Leader of Islam, Lyricist, Philosopher, Meditator, Yoga Teacher, researcher, Tuner, composer and artist. Currently, he runs various service activities and is the Director-General and Founder of an organization called Mohaprokriti Premik Party. He advises everyone to follow the path of truth. Bhava's lunatics come near him and quench his hunger...&lt;ref name=&quot;Ruhul Amin Rulon&quot;&gt;Amin, Mohammad (date). [https://example.com/ Name of page]. Page xx. Publisher: xxxx&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Early life ===<br /> He was born into a noble Muslim family on January 2, 2005 in Rasulpur (Dhalua) village of Ghatail Upazila in Tangail District. His Father Md Nurul Amin, And mother Rokeya Begum. His Name given by parents is Md. Ruhul Amin.<br /> <br /> === Philosophical Life ===<br /> He meet Param Guru Ohon Aditya when he was read on nine class. Guruji recited some spiritual and divine chants to him. and asked him to engage in Sadhana. Since then, the thought of knowing an unknown has been occupying the corner of his mind. And with the grace of Guru, he became engaged in sadhana.<br /> <br /> === Education ===<br /> He did not want to be confined to an academic education. Reluctance to pursue higher education after passing secondary school. One day the Guru ordered him to write a spiritual song while he into Sadhana. He had never written a song like this before. Without delay he went to Close friend Jalil Fakir and sought his advice. Fakir Saheb encouraged him. Then he came to sleep and was ordered to write opening songs. He started ohon Bandana. Since then he started writing songs..<br /> <br /> == Philosophical and political views ==<br /> He followed the path of secularism. He believes that people are for people. He believes in all religions. He loves all people equally. He is a pantheist and a naturalist. He does not believe in politics. etc.<br /> <br /> == Published works ==<br /> His publishable book is Aditya Amrita Geety, Siratul Mustakimer Pothe Nigur Zatra, Adi Islamer Shakha Proshakha, Sotto Roti Stholon, Sadhon Pother Badha-Bipotti etc .<br /> <br /> == Recognition ==<br /> He has been awarded from many places in recognition of his work. Among them, he received a certificate and a crest gift from Adarsh Nagar Manav Seva Kunja<br /> <br /> == see also==<br /> https://en.everybodywiki.com/Ruhul_Amin_Rulon_(Spiritual_Leader_of_Islam)<br /> <br /> *[[Amin mohammad]]<br /> *[[biography]]<br /> <br /> ==References/Notes and references==<br /> https://en.wikialpha.org/wiki/Ruhul_Amin_Rulon<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> https://en.everybodywiki.com/Ruhul_Amin_Rulon_(Spiritual_Leader_of_Islam)<br /> <br /> == Ruhul Amin Rulon (Biography) ==</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:VVDN_Technologies&diff=435198 2023-10-17T02:42:24Z

<p>PinkMelon: Redirected page to VVDN Technologies</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[VVDN Technologies]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:TUSCO_Ltd.&diff=435197 2023-10-17T02:39:28Z

<p>PinkMelon: Redirected page to TUSCO Ltd.</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[TUSCO Ltd.]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Amigo_Shine&diff=435196 2023-10-17T02:36:40Z

<p>PinkMelon: declined (AFCH 0.9.1)</p> <hr /> <div>== Welcome! ==<br /> <br /> Hello, Amigo Shine, and [[Bharatpedia:Introduction|welcome]] to Bharatpedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you may find helpful:<br /> {{Div col}}<br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Introduction|Introduction]] and [[Help:Getting started|Getting started]]<br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Contributing to Bharatpedia|Contributing to Bharatpedia]]<br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Five pillars|The five pillars of Bharatpedia]]<br /> * [[Help:Editing|How to edit a page]] and [[Bharatpedia:Article development|How to develop articles]]<br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Your first article|How to create your first article]] <br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Simplified Manual of Style|Simplified Manual of Style]]<br /> {{Div col end}}<br /> Need some ideas of what kind of things need doing? Try the [[Bharatpedia:Task Center]].<br /> <br /> I hope you enjoy editing here and being a [[Bharatpedia:Bharatpedians|Bharatpedian]]! Please [[Bharatpedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|sign your name]] on talk pages using four [[tilde]]s (&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;); this will automatically produce your username and the date. If you need help, check out [[Bharatpedia:Questions]], ask me on my talk page, or {{edit|Special:MyTalk|post a question on your own talk page|section=new|preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload|preloadtitle=Help me!}}. Again, welcome!&amp;nbsp; [[User:Ajay Kumar|Ajay Kumar]] ([[User talk:Ajay Kumar|talk]]) 16:23, 29 September 2023 (IST)&lt;!-- Template:Welcome0 --&gt;<br /> <br /> == Your submission at [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]]: [[Draft:Linus Torvalds|Linus Torvalds]] (October 17) ==<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;border: solid 1px #FCC; background-color: #F8EEBC; padding: 0.5em 1em; color: #000; margin: 1.5em; width: 90%;&quot;&gt; [[File:Oxygen480-actions-document-close.svg|50px|left]]Your recent article submission to [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for Creation]] has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time.&lt;nowiki&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;The reason left by PinkMelon was:<br /> <br /> {{divbox|gray|3='''The text of this submission has been removed from Bharatpedia.''' Bharatpedia has a strict policy concerning [[Bharatpedia:Biographies of living persons|biographies of living persons]]; we cannot accept such articles if they are unsourced, or contain [[Bharatpedia:Verifiability|unverifiable information]] which is potentially [[Bharatpedia:Libel|defamatory]]. All articles about living persons '''must''' conform to our [[Bharatpedia:Biographies of living persons|biographies of living persons policy]]. In order to permit the author of this submission to provide sources that may satisfy the policy, the text of the page is available in the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=history}} history].|}}&lt;!--<br /> --<br /> --&gt; Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit ''when they have been resolved''.<br /> {{clear}}<br /> * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to [[Draft:Linus Torvalds]] and click on the &quot;Edit&quot; tab at the top of the window.<br /> * If you now believe the draft cannot meet Bharatpedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to [[Draft:Linus Torvalds]], click on the &quot;Edit&quot; tab at the top of the window, add &quot;{{tl|Db-g7}}&quot; at the top of the draft text and click the blue &quot;publish changes&quot; button to save this edit.<br /> * If you do not make any further changes to your draft, in 6 months, it will be considered abandoned and [[Bharatpedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#G13. Abandoned Drafts and Articles for creation submissions|may be deleted]].<br /> * If you need any assistance, or have experienced any [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation/Scam warning|untoward behavior]] associated with this submission, you can ask for help at the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Linus_Torvalds '''Articles for creation help desk''']&lt;/span&gt;, on the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=User_talk:PinkMelon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Linus_Torvalds '''reviewer's talk page''']&lt;/span&gt;.<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;border-radius:8em;padding:2px 5px;background:blue;font-size:95%&quot;&gt;[[User:PinkMelon|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFF&quot;&gt;'''PinkMelon'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;[[User talk:PinkMelon|&lt;b style=&quot;color:violet;&quot;&gt;(talk)&lt;/b&gt;]] 08:06, 17 October 2023 (IST)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--Template:AfC decline--&gt;<br /> <br /> {{subst:Bharatpedia:Teahouse/AFC invitation|sign=&lt;span style=&quot;border-radius:8em;padding:2px 5px;background:blue;font-size:95%&quot;&gt;[[User:PinkMelon|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFF&quot;&gt;'''PinkMelon'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;[[User talk:PinkMelon|&lt;b style=&quot;color:violet;&quot;&gt;(talk)&lt;/b&gt;]] 08:06, 17 October 2023 (IST)}}</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Linus_Torvalds&diff=435195 2023-10-17T02:36:37Z

<p>PinkMelon: Declining submission: blp - BLP contains unsourced, possibly defamatory claims (AGF and wait for sources) (AFCH 0.9.1)</p> <hr /> <div>{{AFC submission|d|blp|u=Amigo Shine|ns=118|decliner=PinkMelon|declinets=20231017080637|ts=20230929220017}} &lt;!-- Do not remove this line! --&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;<br /> Linus Benedic Torvalds is a Finnish software developer &amp; software engineer who created Linux Kernel , which is used by major linux distributions like Debian , Arch Linux &amp; Android .</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Ubuntu&diff=435194 2023-10-17T02:32:42Z

<p>PinkMelon: Redirected page to Ubuntu</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Ubuntu]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&diff=435193 2023-10-17T02:31:13Z

<p>PinkMelon: Clean up</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Linux distribution developed by Canonical}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox OS<br /> | name = Ubuntu<br /> | logo = File:Ubuntu-logo-2022.svg<br /> | screenshot = File:Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Desktop English.png<br /> | caption = Ubuntu 23.10 &quot;Mantic Minotaur&quot;<br /> | developer = [[Canonical (company)|Canonical Ltd.]]<br /> | family = [[Linux]] ([[Unix-like]])<br /> | working_state = Current<br /> | source_model = [[Open-source software|Open-source]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubuntu kernel sources&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=kernel.ubuntu.com |url=http://kernel.ubuntu.com/git/ |website=kernel.ubuntu.com |access-date=20 April 2018 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821121416/http://kernel.ubuntu.com/git/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubuntu archive&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Index of /ubuntu |url=http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ |website=archive.ubuntu.com |access-date=20 April 2018 |archive-date=11 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511162437/http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | released = [[Ubuntu version history#Ubuntu 4.10 (Warty Warthog)|Ubuntu 4.10]] (Warty Warthog) / {{Start date and age|2004|10|20|df=yes|paren=yes}}<br /> | latest release version = {{wikidata|qualifier|preferred|single|references|edit|Q381|P348|P548=Q2804309|P1638}}&lt;br&gt;{{wikidata|property|preferred|reference|edit|Q381|P348|P548=Q15726348}}<br /> | latest release date = {{Start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|preferred|single|Q381|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}}}}&lt;br&gt;{{Start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|preferred|single|Q381|P348|P548=Q15726348|P577}}}}<br /> | marketing target = [[Cloud computing]], [[personal computer]]s, [[Server (computing)|servers]], [[supercomputer]]s, [[Internet of things|IoT]]<br /> | language = More than 55 languages &lt;small&gt;by [[#Local communities (LoCos)|LoCos]]&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | updatemodel = [[Software Updater]], [[Ubuntu Software]], [[APT (software)|apt]]<br /> | package_manager = [[GNOME Software]], [[dpkg]] ([[APT (Debian)|APT]]), [[Snap (package manager)|Snap]] – graphical front-end: [[Snap Store]]<br /> | supported_platforms = {{bulleted list |[[x86-64]] |[[ARM64]] |[[RISC-V]] |[[ppc64le]] ([[POWER8]] and later) |[[s390x]]&lt;ref name=&quot;supported_hardware&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/installation |quote= Ubuntu 20.04 Server Edition [...] supports four 64-bit architectures: amd64, arm64, ppc64el, s390x |title=Installation |work=Ubuntu Server Documentation |year=2020 |publisher=Canonical Ltd. |access-date=1 January 2022 |archive-date=29 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129113254/https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/installation |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; |[[ARMhf]] ([[ARMv7]] + [[VFPv3-D16]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ubuntu.com/core/docs/supported-platforms |title=Supported platforms |work=Ubuntu Core Documentation |year=2020 |publisher=Canonical Ltd. |access-date=1 January 2022 |archive-date=1 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101153104/https://ubuntu.com/core/docs/supported-platforms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; }}<br /> | kernel_type = [[monolithic kernel|Monolithic]] ([[Linux kernel]])<br /> | userland = [[GNU Core Utilities|GNU]]<br /> | ui = [[GNOME]]<br /> | license = [[Free software]] + some [[proprietary software|proprietary]] [[device driver]]s&lt;ref name=&quot;kernelblobs&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.gnu.org/distros/common-distros.html#Ubuntu |title= Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems |publisher= [[Free Software Foundation]] |access-date= 14 July 2015 |archive-date= 24 April 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110424061731/http://www.gnu.org/distros/common-distros.html#Ubuntu |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | website = {{Official URL}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ubuntu''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-Ubuntu pronunciation.oga|ʊ|ˈ|b|ʊ|n|t|uː}} {{respell|uu|BUUN|too}})&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/about |title=About the Ubuntu project |last=Canonical |website=Ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=28 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002843/https://www.ubuntu.com/about |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; is a [[Linux distribution]] based on [[Debian]] and composed mostly of [[free and open-source software]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/licensing |title=Licensing |last=Canonical |website=ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502140026/https://www.ubuntu.com/licensing |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/community/mission |title=Our mission |last=Canonical |website=ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502065850/https://www.ubuntu.com/community/mission |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/community/debian |title=Debian |last=Canonical |website=ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502065355/https://www.ubuntu.com/community/debian |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuntu is officially released in multiple editions: ''[[Desktop computer|Desktop]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/desktop |title=Ubuntu PC operating system |last=Canonical |website=Ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916063830/http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Server (computing)|Server]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/server |title=Ubuntu Server - for scale out workloads |last=Canonical |website=Ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=23 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223192409/https://www.ubuntu.com/server |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and ''Core''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/core |title=Ubuntu Core |last=Canonical |website=Ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=28 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002636/https://www.ubuntu.com/core |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; for [[Internet of things]] devices&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/internet-of-things |title=Ubuntu for the Internet of Things |last=Canonical |website=Ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=28 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002640/https://www.ubuntu.com/internet-of-things |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[robot]]s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://blog.ubuntu.com/2017/12/19/your-first-robot-a-beginners-guide-to-ros-and-ubuntu-core-1-5 |title=Your first robot: A beginner's guide to ROS and Ubuntu Core [1/5] |website=blog.ubuntu.com |access-date=16 August 2018 |archive-date=16 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816162257/https://blog.ubuntu.com/2017/12/19/your-first-robot-a-beginners-guide-to-ros-and-ubuntu-core-1-5 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/open-source-ubuntu-core-connects-robots-drones-and-smart-homes/ |title=Open source Ubuntu Core connects robots, drones and smart homes |first=Richard |last=Trenholm |publisher=CNET |access-date=16 August 2018 |archive-date=16 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816194428/https://www.cnet.com/news/open-source-ubuntu-core-connects-robots-drones-and-smart-homes/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; All of the editions can run on a computer alone, or in a [[virtual machine]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WSL2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Canonical announces support for Ubuntu on Windows Subsystem for Linux 2|url=https://blog.ubuntu.com/2019/05/06/canonical-announces-support-for-ubuntu-on-windows-subsystem-for-linux-2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529084731/https://blog.ubuntu.com/2019/05/06/canonical-announces-support-for-ubuntu-on-windows-subsystem-for-linux-2|archive-date=29 May 2019|access-date=2019-06-02|website=blog.ubuntu.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuntu is a popular [[operating system]] for [[cloud computing]], with support for [[OpenStack]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/openstack |title=OpenStack on Ubuntu is your scalable private cloud, by Canonical |last=Canonical |website=ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=28 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002409/https://www.ubuntu.com/openstack |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> An upgrade to Ubuntu is released every six months, with [[long-term support]] (LTS) releases every two years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Release_cadence |title=Releases - Ubuntu Wiki |website=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193700/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Release_cadence |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LTS |title=LTS - Ubuntu Wiki |website=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=5 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805085357/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LTS |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{As of|2023|October|}}, the most-recent release is [[Ubuntu version history#2310|23.10]] (&quot;Mantic Minotaur&quot;), and the current long-term support release is [[Ubuntu version history#2204|22.04]] (&quot;Jammy Jellyfish&quot;).<br /> <br /> Ubuntu is [[software development|developed]] by the British company [[Canonical (company)|Canonical]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/community/canonical |title=Canonical and Ubuntu |last=Canonical |website=ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502065338/https://www.ubuntu.com/community/canonical |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and a community of other developers, under a [[Meritocracy|meritocratic]] governance model.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/community/governance |title=Governance |last=Canonical |website=Ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=30 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430200635/https://www.ubuntu.com/community/governance |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Canonical provides security updates and support for each Ubuntu release, starting from the release date until the release reaches its designated [[end-of-life (product)|end-of-life]] (EOL) date.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Support_length |title=Releases - Ubuntu Wiki |website=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193700/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Support_length |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/info/release-end-of-life |title=Release end of life |last=Canonical |website=ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=20 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320144709/https://www.ubuntu.com/info/release-end-of-life |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Canonical generates revenue through the sale of premium services related to Ubuntu and donations from those who download the Ubuntu software.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/support |title=Support and management |last=Canonical |website=ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=28 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002712/https://www.ubuntu.com/support |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/support/plans-and-pricing |title=Plans and pricing |last=Canonical |website=Ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=28 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002726/https://www.ubuntu.com/support/plans-and-pricing |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop/thank-you |title=Thank you for your contribution |last=Canonical |website=Ubuntu.com |access-date=25 August 2021 |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817131745/https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop/thank-you |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ubuntu is named after the [[Nguni people|Nguni]] philosophy of ''{{lang|xh|[[Ubuntu philosophy|ubuntu]]}}'', which Canonical indicates means &quot;humanity to others&quot; with a connotation of &quot;I am what I am because of who we all are&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Background ==<br /> {{See also|Ubuntu version history}}<br /> Ubuntu is built on [[Debian]]'s architecture and infrastructure, and comprises Linux server, desktop and discontinued phone and tablet operating system versions.&lt;ref name=&quot;ubuntu-about&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ubuntu and Debian |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/ubuntu-and-debian |work=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=14 December 2013 |archive-date=22 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222053933/http://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/ubuntu-and-debian |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuntu releases updated versions predictably every six months,&lt;ref name=&quot;about_ubuntu&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/project/about-ubuntu |title=About Ubuntu. The Ubuntu Story |work=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd. |access-date=21 August 2012 |archive-date=5 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105101448/http://www.ubuntu.com/project/about-ubuntu |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and each release receives free support for nine months (eighteen months prior to 13.04)&lt;ref name=&quot;omgubuntu.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/03/ubuntu-to-halve-support-window-for-regular-releases |title=Ubuntu To Halve Support Window for 'Regular' Releases |last=Sneddon |first=Joey-Elijah |work=OMG! Ubuntu! |publisher=Ohso Ltd |date=20 March 2013 |access-date=15 May 2013 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821121947/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/03/ubuntu-to-halve-support-window-for-regular-releases |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; with security fixes, high-impact bug fixes and conservative, substantially beneficial low-risk bug fixes.&lt;ref name=&quot;TBR&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/TimeBasedReleases |title=Time Based Releases |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=24 October 2013 |archive-date=5 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105074245/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/TimeBasedReleases |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The first release was in October 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2004-October/000003.html |title=Announcing Ubuntu 4.10 &quot;The Warty Warthog Release&quot; |author=Mark Shuttleworth |date=2004-10-20 |website=lists.ubuntu.com |access-date=2023-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Current [[long-term support]] (LTS) releases are supported for five years, and are released every two years. Since the release of Ubuntu 6.06, every fourth release receives long-term support.&lt;ref name=&quot;about_ubuntu&quot; /&gt; Long-term support includes updates for new hardware, security patches and updates to the 'Ubuntu stack' (cloud computing infrastructure).&lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/04/20/ubuntu_server_10_04/ |title=Ubuntu Server primed for the bigtime |last=Morgan |first=Timothy Prickett |work=[[The Register]] |date=20 April 2010 |access-date=24 October 2013 |archive-date=4 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004104124/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/04/20/ubuntu_server_10_04/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The first LTS releases were supported for three years on the desktop and five years on the server; since Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, desktop support for LTS releases was increased to five years as well.&lt;ref name=&quot;Canonical5yearLTS&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://fridge.ubuntu.com/2011/10/21/ubuntu-12-04-to-feature-extended-support-period-for-desktop-users/ |title=Ubuntu 12.04 to feature extended support period for desktop users |work=Fridge.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=1 November 2013 |archive-date=1 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101030551/http://fridge.ubuntu.com/2011/10/21/ubuntu-12-04-to-feature-extended-support-period-for-desktop-users/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul28May12&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/05/precision-and-purpose-ubuntu-12-04-and-the-unity-hud-reviewed |title=Precision and purpose: Ubuntu 12.04 and the Unity HUD reviewed |access-date=1 November 2013 |last=Paul |first=Ryan |date=28 May 2012 |work=[[Ars Technica]] |archive-date=23 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523200126/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/05/precision-and-purpose-ubuntu-12-04-and-the-unity-hud-reviewed/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;releases&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases |title=Releases |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=24 October 2013 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193700/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; LTS releases get regular point releases with support for new hardware and integration of all the updates published in that series to date.&lt;ref name=&quot;PointReleases&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/146 |title=The Art of Release |date=12 May 2008 |access-date=24 October 2013 |work=MarkShuttleworth.com |first=Mark |last=Shuttleworth |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029184036/http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/146 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ubuntu packages are based on [[Debian]]'s unstable branch, which are synchronised every six months. Both distributions use Debian's [[deb (file format)|deb]] [[Software package (installation)|package]] format and [[package management]] tools (e.g. [[Advanced Packaging Tool|APT]] and [[Ubuntu Software]]). Debian and Ubuntu packages are not necessarily [[binary compatible]] with each other, however, so packages may need to be rebuilt from [[Source code|source]] to be used in Ubuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MarkShuttleworth#What_about_binary_compatibility_between_distributions.3F |first=Mark |last=Shuttleworth |title=FAQs: Why and Whither for Ubuntu? What about binary compatibility between distributions? |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=4 February 2011 |archive-date=21 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221222056/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MarkShuttleworth#What_about_binary_compatibility_between_distributions.3F |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Many Ubuntu developers are also maintainers of key packages within Debian. Ubuntu cooperates with Debian by pushing changes back to Debian,&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-website/+bug/154274 |title=Website does not reference Debian visibly |work=Ubuntu Website Bug Tracking [Obsolete] |publisher=[[Canonical Group]] |via=[[Launchpad (website)|Launchpad]] |access-date=31 August 2010 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821114144/https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-website/+bug/154274 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; although there has been criticism that this does not happen often enough. [[Ian Murdock]], the founder of Debian, had expressed concern about Ubuntu packages potentially diverging too far from Debian to remain compatible.&lt;ref name=&quot;forking&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ianmurdock.com/debian/ubuntu-vs-debian-reprise/ |title=Ubuntu vs. Debian, reprise |date=20 April 2005 |access-date=21 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819164015/http://ianmurdock.com/debian/ubuntu-vs-debian-reprise/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Before release, packages are imported from [[Unstable (Debian)|Debian unstable]] continuously and merged with Ubuntu-specific modifications. One month before release, imports are [[Feature freeze|frozen]], and packagers then work to ensure that the frozen features interoperate well together.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> Ubuntu is currently funded by [[Canonical (company)|Canonical Ltd]]. On 8 July 2005, [[Mark Shuttleworth]] and Canonical announced the creation of the Ubuntu Foundation and provided initial funding of US$10&amp;nbsp;million. The purpose of the foundation is to ensure the support and [[Software development|development]] for all future versions of Ubuntu. Mark Shuttleworth describes the foundation goal as to ensure the continuity of the Ubuntu project.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2005-July/000025.html |title=Announcing Launch of ($10&amp;nbsp;m) Ubuntu Foundation |first=Benjamin Mako |last=Hill |date=8 July 2005 |access-date=19 August 2008 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203618/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2005-July/000025.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 12 March 2009, Ubuntu announced developer support for third-party [[Cloud computing|cloud]] management platforms, such as those used at [[Amazon EC2]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/news/rightscale-cloud-management |title=RightScale Adds Full Support for Ubuntu Server to Its Cloud Management Platform |date=12 March 2009 |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=4 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130145702/https://www.ubuntu.com/news/rightscale-cloud-management |archive-date=30 January 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[32-bit]] [[x86]] processors were supported up to Ubuntu 18.04. It was decided to support &quot;[[legacy software]]&quot;, i.e. select 32-bit i386 packages for Ubuntu 19.10 and 20.04 LTS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://ubuntu.com/blog/statement-on-32-bit-i386-packages-for-ubuntu-19-10-and-20-04-lts |title=Statement on 32-bit i386 packages for Ubuntu 19.10 and 20.04 LTS |website=Ubuntu |language=en |access-date=2019-10-06 |archive-date=9 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009140102/https://ubuntu.com/blog/statement-on-32-bit-i386-packages-for-ubuntu-19-10-and-20-04-lts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Features ==<br /> <br /> A [[Default (computer science)|default]] installation of Ubuntu contains a wide range of software that includes [[LibreOffice]], [[Mozilla Firefox|Firefox]], [[Mozilla Thunderbird|Thunderbird]], [[Transmission (BitTorrent client)|Transmission]], and several lightweight games such as [[Sudoku]] and [[GNOME Mines|Mines]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Games/NativeFreeUbuntuGames |title=Games / Native Free Ubuntu Games |work=Ubuntu Community Help Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |date=25 June 2011 |access-date=2 May 2014 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502231948/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Games/NativeFreeUbuntuGames |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Apps/Games?action=show&amp;redirect=GnomeGames |title=Apps/Games – GNOME Wiki! |work=Wiki.GNOME.org |publisher=[[The GNOME Project]] |date=6 December 2013 |access-date=2 May 2014 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821114307/https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Apps/Games?action=show&amp;redirect=GnomeGames |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Many additional software packages are accessible from the built-in [[GNOME Software|Ubuntu Software]] (previously [[Ubuntu Software Center]]) as well as any other APT-based [[package management]] tools. Many additional software packages that are no longer installed by default, such as [[Evolution (software)|Evolution]], [[GIMP]], [[Pidgin (software)|Pidgin]], and [[Synaptic (software)|Synaptic]], are still accessible in the repositories and installable by the main tool or by any other APT-based package management tool. Cross-distribution [[Snappy (package manager)|snap packages]] and [[Flatpak]]s are also available,&lt;ref name=ars&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ubuntu 17.04 review: Don't call it abandonware, per se |work=Ars Technica |date=11 May 2017 |access-date=24 December 2017 |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/05/ubuntu-17-04-review-this-is-unitys-true-swan-song/ |archive-date=25 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225034836/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/05/ubuntu-17-04-review-this-is-unitys-true-swan-song/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; that both allow installing software, such as some of Microsoft's software, in most of the major Linux operating systems (such as any currently supported Ubuntu version and in [[Fedora (operating system)|Fedora]]). The default file manager is [[GNOME Files]], formerly called Nautilus.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> All of the application software installed by default is free software. In addition, Ubuntu redistributes some hardware drivers that are available only in binary format, but such packages are clearly marked in the restricted component.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/licensing |title=Licensing |website=ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=27 February 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110346/http://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/licensing |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ubuntu's default desktop changed back from the in-house [[Unity (user interface)|Unity]] to [[GNOME]] after nearly 6.5 years in 2017 upon the release of version [[Ubuntu version history#1710|17.10]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ubuntu |url=https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=ubuntu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030013233/https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=ubuntu |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=26 October 2020 |website=DistroWatch.com |language=en-US }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Security ==<br /> <br /> Ubuntu aims to be [[secure by default]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Security |url=https://ubuntu.com/security |website=Ubuntu |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808220950/https://ubuntu.com/security |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Security/Features - Ubuntu Wiki |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Security/Features |website=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808220920/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Security/Features |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; User programs run with [[Principle of least privilege|low privileges]] and cannot corrupt the operating system or other users' files. For increased security, the [[sudo]] tool is used to assign temporary privileges for performing administrative tasks, which allows the [[root account]] to remain locked and helps prevent inexperienced users from inadvertently making catastrophic system changes or opening security holes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RootSudo?highlight=%28sudo%29 |title=Root Sudo |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=19 August 2008 |archive-date=21 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221162133/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RootSudo?highlight=%28sudo%29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Polkit]] is also being widely implemented into the desktop.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> Most network ports are closed by default to prevent hacking.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DefaultNetworkServices#Service_discovery_processes |title=Default Network Services |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=2 October 2014 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006082741/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DefaultNetworkServices#Service_discovery_processes |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; A built-in [[Uncomplicated Firewall|firewall]] allows end-users who install network servers to control access. A [[GUI]] ([[Uncomplicated Firewall#GUIs for Uncomplicated Firewall|GUI for Uncomplicated Firewall]]) is available to configure it.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Gufw |title=Gufw |work=Ubuntu Community Help Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=4 February 2011 |archive-date=24 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124182952/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Gufw |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuntu compiles its packages using [[GNU Compiler Collection|GCC]] features such as [[Position-independent code|PIE]] and [[buffer overflow protection]] to [[Hardening (computing)|harden]] its software.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilerFlags |title=Compiler Flags |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=31 January 2011 |archive-date=26 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226022307/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilerFlags |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; These extra features greatly increase security at the performance expense of &lt;!-- 1% in [[x86|32-bit]] and --&gt; 0.01% in [[x86-64|64-bit]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://d-sbd.alioth.debian.org/www/ |title=Debian: Secure by Default |work=D-SbD.Alioth.Debian.org |publisher=Alioth Project |access-date=31 January 2011 |archive-date=3 November 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041103003535/http://d-sbd.alioth.debian.org/www/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ubuntu also supports full disk encryption&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FullDiskEncryptionHowto |title=FullDiskEncryptionHowto |work=Ubuntu Community Help Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=13 June 2016 |archive-date=2 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702030350/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FullDiskEncryptionHowto |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; as well as encryption of the home and private directories.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EncryptedHome |title=Encrypted Home |work=Ubuntu Community Help Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=7 April 2015 |archive-date=18 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318012629/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EncryptedHome |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Installation ==<br /> &lt;!-- [[File:Nexus S with Ubuntu.jpg|thumb|Ubuntu running on the [[Nexus S]], a [[smartphone]] that ran [[Android (operating system)|Android]] prior to Ubuntu]]<br /> --&gt;<br /> The system requirements vary among Ubuntu products. For the Ubuntu desktop release 22.04 LTS, a PC with at least 2&amp;nbsp;GHz [[multi-core processor|dual-core]] processor, 4&amp;nbsp;[[gigabyte|GB]] of [[random-access memory|RAM]] and 25&amp;nbsp;[[gigabyte|GB]] of free disk space is recommended.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Download Ubuntu Desktop |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop |access-date=26 June 2022 |work=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |url-status=live |archive-date=27 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427161553/https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop }}&lt;/ref&gt; For less powerful computers, there are other Ubuntu distributions such as [[Lubuntu]] and [[Xubuntu]]. Ubuntu also supports the [[ARM architecture]].&lt;ref name=&quot;supported_hardware&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;the_inquirer_ubuntu_arm&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2115929/ubuntu-1110-support-arm-chips-fight-red-hat |title=Ubuntu 11.10 will support ARM processors to take on Red Hat |work=The Inquirer |date=10 October 2011 |access-date=20 October 2011 |archive-date=5 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105121422/https://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2115929/ubuntu-1110-support-arm-chips-fight-red-hat |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ars_technica_ubuntu_1204&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2012/04/precise-pangolin-rolls-out-ubuntu-1204-released-introduces-unity-hud/ |title=Precise Pangolin rolls out: Ubuntu 12.04 released, introduces Unity HUD |date=26 April 2012 |access-date=7 July 2012 |first=Ryan |last=Paul |work=Ars Technica |archive-date=4 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704113915/http://arstechnica.com/business/2012/04/precise-pangolin-rolls-out-ubuntu-1204-released-introduces-unity-hud/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;phoronix_ubuntu_arm&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=MTA0NzA |title=Ubuntu's Already Making Plans For ARM in 2014, 2015 |first=Michael |last=Larabel |date=23 January 2012 |access-date=7 July 2012 |work=Phoronix.com |archive-date=2 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002141649/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=MTA0NzA |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/ubuntu-linux-bets-on-the-arm-server/9445 |first=Steven J. |last=Vaughan-Nichols |title=Ubuntu Linux bets on the ARM server |publisher=ZDNet |date=22 August 2011 |access-date=20 October 2011 |archive-date=12 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012221509/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/ubuntu-linux-bets-on-the-arm-server/9445 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is also available on [[Power ISA]],&lt;ref name=&quot;supported_hardware&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ubuntu for IBM POWER8 |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server/power8 |work=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=7 October 2015 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923120709/http://www.ubuntu.com/download/server/power8 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=MTA3MDc |title=Ubuntu Plans to Drop Non-SMP PowerPC Support |date=14 March 2012 |first=Michael |last=Larabel |access-date=7 July 2012 |work=Phoronix.com |archive-date=2 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002141552/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=MTA3MDc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2007-February/000098.html |title=Technical Board Decision |date=February 2007 |access-date=13 June 2008 |work=Lists.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |archive-date=2 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302093120/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2007-February/000098.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; while older [[PowerPC]] architecture was at one point unofficially supported,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ports/releases/lucid/release/ |title=Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx) |work=CDimage.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=24 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100710193610/http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ports/releases/lucid/release/ |archive-date=10 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; and now newer [[Power ISA]] CPUs ([[POWER8]]) are supported. The [[x86-64]] (&quot;AMD64&quot;) architecture is also officially supported.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> [[Live image]]s are the typical way for users to assess and subsequently install Ubuntu. These can be downloaded as a disk image ([[ISO image|.iso]]) and subsequently burnt to a DVD or USB flash drive and then booted. Other methods include running the live version via [[UNetbootin]], or Startup Disk Creator (a pre-installed tool on Ubuntu, available on machines already running the OS) directly from a USB drive (making, respectively, a [[live DVD]] or [[live USB]] medium). Running Ubuntu in this way is slower than running it from a [[hard drive]], but does not alter the computer unless specifically instructed by the user. If the user chooses to boot the live image rather than execute an installer at boot time, there is still the option to then use an installer called [[Ubiquity (software)|Ubiquity]] to install Ubuntu once booted into the live environment.&lt;ref name=&quot;livecdinstall&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.easy-ubuntu-linux.com/ubuntu-installation-606-2.html |title=Installing Ubuntu from the Live CD |work=Easy-Ubuntu-Linux.com |publisher=Integrity Enterprises |access-date=19 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930141030/http://www.easy-ubuntu-linux.com/ubuntu-installation-606-2.html |archive-date=30 September 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Disk image]]s of all current and past versions are available for download at the Ubuntu web site.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubuntu Releases&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://releases.ubuntu.com/ |title=Releases.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=21 August 2012 |archive-date=8 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708181732/http://releases.ubuntu.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Additionally, [[USB flash drive]] installations can be used to boot Ubuntu and [[Kubuntu]] in a way that allows permanent saving of user settings and portability of the USB-installed system between physical machines (however, the computers' [[BIOS]] must support booting from USB).&lt;ref name=&quot;pendriveinstall&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.pendrivelinux.com/ubuntu-810-persistent-flash-drive-install-from-live-cd/ |title=Ubuntu 8.10 Persistent Flash Drive Installation |work=PenDriveLinux.com |date=16 October 2008 |access-date=5 September 2009 |archive-date=9 December 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209013124/http://www.pendrivelinux.com/ubuntu-810-persistent-flash-drive-install-from-live-cd/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In newer versions of Ubuntu, the [[Ubuntu Live USB creator]] can be used to install Ubuntu on a USB drive (with or without a live CD or DVD). Creating a bootable USB drive with [[persistence (computer science)|persistence]] is as simple as dragging a slider to determine how much space to reserve for persistence; for this, Ubuntu employs [[casper (persistency)|casper]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/casper-friendly-and-persistent-ghost |title=Casper, the Friendly (and Persistent) Ghost |work=[[Linux Journal]] |access-date=7 April 2015 |archive-date=10 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510145627/http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/casper-friendly-and-persistent-ghost |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/hardy/man7/casper.7.html |title=casper – a hook for initramfs-tools to boot live systems |work=Manpages.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=7 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328035250/http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/hardy/man7/casper.7.html |archive-date=28 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Package classification and support ==<br /> <br /> Ubuntu divides most software into four domains to reflect differences in licensing and the degree of support available.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubuntu Licensing&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/project/about-ubuntu/licensing |title=About Ubuntu: Licensing |work=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=26 July 2011 |archive-date=22 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722001347/http://www.ubuntu.com/project/about-ubuntu/licensing |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Some unsupported applications receive updates from community members known as &quot;Masters of the Universe&quot; (MOTU),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MOTU |title=MOTU - Ubuntu Wiki |website=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=7 July 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt; but not from Canonical Ltd.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !!! Free software<br /> ! Non-free software<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| Officially supported by Canonical<br /> | Main || Restricted<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| Community supported/Third party<br /> | Universe || Multiverse<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Free software includes software that has met the Ubuntu licensing requirements,&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubuntu Licensing&quot; /&gt; which roughly correspond to the [[Debian Free Software Guidelines]]. Exceptions, however, include [[firmware]], in the Main category, because although [[Binary blob|some firmware is not allowed to be modified]], its distribution is still permitted.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Firmware#Where_Do_You_Get_Firmware.3F |title=Kernel/Firmware - Ubuntu Wiki |website=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=1 June 2018 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821120807/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Firmware#Where_Do_You_Get_Firmware.3F |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Non-free software is usually unsupported (Multiverse), but some exceptions (Restricted) are made for important non-free software. Supported non-free software includes device drivers that can be used to run Ubuntu on some current hardware, such as binary-only [[graphics card]] [[Device driver|drivers]]. The level of support in the Restricted category is more limited than that of Main, because the developers may not have access to the [[source code]]. It is intended that Main and Restricted should contain all software needed for a complete desktop environment.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubuntu Licensing&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In addition to the above, in which the software [[Feature freeze|does not receive new features]] after an initial release, ''Ubuntu Backports'' is an officially recognized repository for [[backport]]ing newer software from later versions of Ubuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuBackports |title=Ubuntu Backports |work=Ubuntu Community Help Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=24 September 2010 |archive-date=3 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503051547/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuBackports |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The ''-updates'' repository provides stable release updates (SRU) of Ubuntu and are generally installed through update-manager. Each release is given its own -updates repository (e.g. intrepid-updates). The repository is supported by Canonical Ltd. for packages in main and restricted, and by the community for packages in universe and multiverse. All updates to the repository must meet certain requirements and go through the ''-proposed'' repository before being made available to the public.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates |title=Stable Release Updates |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=2 April 2009 |archive-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420195957/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Updates are scheduled to be available until the end of life for the release.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> In addition to the -updates repository, the unstable ''-proposed'' repository contains uploads that must be confirmed before being copied into -updates. All updates must go through this process to ensure that the patch does truly fix the bug and there is no risk of [[Software regression|regression]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates |title=SRU Verification |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=2 April 2009 |archive-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420195957/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Updates in -proposed are confirmed by either Canonical or members of the community.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> Canonical previously hosted a partner repository that let vendors of proprietary software deliver their products to Ubuntu users at no cost through the same familiar tools for installing and upgrading software.&lt;ref name=&quot;partner packaging&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.canonical.com/engineering-services/certification/application-packaging |title=Application packaging |work=Canonical.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=15 August 2010 |archive-date=30 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830233620/http://www.canonical.com/engineering-services/certification/application-packaging |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The software in the partner repository was officially supported with security and other important updates by its respective vendors. Canonical supported the packaging of the software for Ubuntu&lt;ref name=&quot;partner_packaging&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.canonical.com/engineering-services/certification/application-packaging |title=Application packaging |publisher=Canonical Ltd. |access-date=15 August 2010 |archive-date=30 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830233620/http://www.canonical.com/engineering-services/certification/application-packaging |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=723804 |title=Partner Repository Forum FAQ |first=Brian |last=Thomason |access-date=15 August 2010 |via=Ubuntu Forums |publisher=Canonical Ltd |archive-date=4 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004185630/https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=723804 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.canonical.com/support/services/support-features |title=Desktop support features |work=Canonical.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=15 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829103851/http://www.canonical.com/support/services/support-features |archive-date=29 August 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and provided guidance to vendors.&lt;ref name=&quot;partner packaging&quot; /&gt; However, in anticipation for the release of Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Canonical closed the partner repository, as the only package still hosted in it was [[Adobe Flash]], which would not be released with 22.04.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sneddon |first=Joey |date=2022-01-28 |title=Ubuntu is Axing the Partner Repo Nobody Uses |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/01/ubuntu-is-axing-the-partner-repo-nobody-uses |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=OMG! Ubuntu |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuntu developer Steve Langasek said in a development mailing list that he felt the &quot;Snap Store has matured to the point that I believe it supersedes the partner archive&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Langasek |first=Steve |date=Jan 27, 2022 |title=Proposed deprecation of the Canonical partner archive |url=https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel/2022-January/041816.html |access-date=2023-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Package Archives ===<br /> <br /> A ''Personal Package Archive'' (PPA) is a [[software repository]] for uploading source packages to be built and published as an [[APT (Package Manager)|Advanced Packaging Tool]] (APT) repository by [[Launchpad (website)|Launchpad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.launchpad.net/Packaging/PPA |title=Packaging/PPA - Launchpad Help |website=help.launchpad.net |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-date=19 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819050104/https://help.launchpad.net/Packaging/PPA |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; While the term is used exclusively within Ubuntu, Launchpad's host, [[Canonical (company)|Canonical]], envisions adoption beyond the Ubuntu community.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://blog.launchpad.net/ppa/personal-package-archives-for-everyone |title=Launchpad Blog |website=blog.launchpad.net |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-date=3 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903095729/http://blog.launchpad.net/ppa/personal-package-archives-for-everyone |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Third-party software ===<br /> <br /> Some third-party software that does not limit distribution is included in Ubuntu's multiverse component. The package ''[[ubuntu-restricted-extras]]'' additionally contains software that may be legally restricted, including support for [[MP3]] and [[DVD-Video|DVD]] playback, [[mscorefonts|Microsoft TrueType core fonts]], [[Sun Microsystems|Sun's]] [[Java virtual machine|Java runtime environment]], [[Adobe Systems|Adobe's]] [[Adobe Flash Player|Flash Player]] plugin, many common audio/video [[codec]]s, and unrar, an unarchiver for files compressed in the [[RAR (file format)|RAR file format]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> Additionally, third-party application suites are available for download via Ubuntu Software and the [[Snap store]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://shop.canonical.com/index.php?cPath=19 |title=Ubuntu Software Center |work=Shop.Canonical.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=27 May 2011 |archive-date=11 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811212235/http://shop.canonical.com/index.php?cPath=19 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; including many games such as [[Braid (video game)|Braid]], [[Minecraft]] and [[Oil Rush]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=David |last=Planella |url=http://developer.ubuntu.com/2011/12/top-10-ubuntu-software-centre-app-downloads-for-november/ |title=Top 10 Ubuntu Software Centre app downloads for November |work=Developer.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |date=December 2011 |access-date=29 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108174052/http://developer.ubuntu.com/2011/12/top-10-ubuntu-software-centre-app-downloads-for-november/ |archive-date=8 January 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; software for DVD playback and media codecs.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> == Releases ==<br /> {{For|further information on all Ubuntu releases, including older ones not covered here {{citation needed|date=October 2023}}|Ubuntu version history}}<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- Keep the table short and tidy. If you want more info go to the main article for releases. Otherwise the table will get deleted again. --&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- Template:Version is for version and release history. Documentation and examples: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Version. --&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;float:left; text-align:center; margin-left:1em; margin-right:0&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |+Currently supported releases<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Version<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Code name<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Release date<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | General support until<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Security support (ESM) until<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Ubuntu version history#1404|14.04 LTS]]<br /> | Trusty Tahr<br /> | 2014-04-17&lt;ref name=&quot;Kerner&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases |title=List of Releases |publisher=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=4 June 2019 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193700/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{Version|o|2019-04}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Kerner&quot;/&gt;<br /> | {{Version|co|2024-04}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Ubuntu version history#1604|16.04 LTS]]<br /> | Xenial Xerus&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=Mark |last=Shuttleworth |title=X marks the spot |url=http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/1479 |work=MarkShuttleworth.com |access-date=22 October 2015 |date=21 October 2015 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023012652/http://markshuttleworth.com/archives/1479 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | 2016-04-21&lt;ref name=&quot;ubuntu_insights_2016_04_21&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/04/20/canonical-unveils-6th-lts-release-of-ubuntu-with-16-04 |title=Canonical unveils 6th LTS release of Ubuntu with 16.04 |date=20 April 2016 |access-date=21 April 2016 |website=Ubuntu Insights |publisher=[[Canonical (company)|Canonical Ltd.]] |archive-date=22 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422073003/https://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/04/20/canonical-unveils-6th-lts-release-of-ubuntu-with-16-04 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{Version|o|2021-04}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Kerner&quot;/&gt;<br /> | {{Version|co|2026-04}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Ubuntu version history#1804|18.04 LTS]]<br /> | Bionic Beaver<br /> | 2018-04-26&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseSchedule |title=Bionic Release Schedule |publisher=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=16 November 2018 |archive-date=14 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214072006/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseSchedule |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{Version|o|2023-06}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://ubuntu.com/blog/18-04-end-of-standard-support |title=Time to prepare for Ubuntu 18.04 LTS End of Standard Support on 31 May 2023 |first=Lech |last=Sandecki | date=14 March 2023 |website=Ubuntu Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{Version|co|2028-04|show=}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Ubuntu version history#2004|20.04 LTS]]<br /> | Focal Fossa<br /> | 2020-04-23&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/10/ubuntu-20-04-release-features |title=Ubuntu 20.04 Release Date &amp; Planned Features (Updated) |date=2019-10-18 |website=OMG! Ubuntu! |language=en-US |access-date=2020-01-17 |archive-date=20 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120102637/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/10/ubuntu-20-04-release-features |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{Version|co|2025-04}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Ubuntu lifecycle and release cadence |url=https://ubuntu.com/about/release-cycle |website=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical |access-date=10 October 2019 |archive-date=9 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009222201/https://ubuntu.com/about/release-cycle |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{Version|co|2030-04}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Ubuntu version history#2204|22.04 LTS]]<br /> | Jammy Jellyfish&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/distro-info-data/0.43ubuntu1.9/+index|title=0.43ubuntu1.9 : distro-info-data package : Ubuntu|website=Launchpad|access-date=15 October 2021|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027175756/https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/distro-info-data/0.43ubuntu1.9/+index|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | 2022-04-21&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=|title=Releases - Ubuntu Wiki|url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Future|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507013814/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Future|archive-date=2021-05-07|access-date=2021-07-24|website=wiki.ubuntu.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{Version|co|2027-04}}<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{Version|co|2032-04}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Ubuntu version history#2304|23.04]]<br /> | Lunar Lobster<br /> | 2023-04-20<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{Version|co|2024-01}}<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{n/a|unavailable}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Ubuntu version history#2310|23.10]]<br /> | Mantic Minotaur<br /> | 2023-10-12<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{Version|c|2024-07}}<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{n/a|unavailable}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;5&quot; | &lt;small&gt;{{Version|l|show=111100}}&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |}<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> Each Ubuntu release has a [[Software versioning|version number]] that consists of the year and month number of the release.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CommonQuestions#Ubuntu%20Releases%20and%20Version%20Numbers |title=Common Questions: Ubuntu Releases and Version Numbers |work=Ubuntu Community Help Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=24 November 2010 |archive-date=17 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517180549/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CommonQuestions#Ubuntu%20Releases%20and%20Version%20Numbers |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; For example, the first release was Ubuntu 4.10 as it was released on 20 October 2004.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> Ubuntu releases are also given [[alliteration|alliterative]] [[code name]]s, using an adjective and an animal (e.g. &quot;Xenial [[Xerus]]&quot;). With the exception of the first two releases, code names are in alphabetical order, allowing a quick determination of which release is newer, at least until restarting the cycle with the release of ''Artful Aardvark'' in October 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Development Code Names |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DevelopmentCodeNames |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=8 April 2011 |archive-date=4 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704080821/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DevelopmentCodeNames |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Commonly, Ubuntu releases are referred to using only the adjective portion of the code name; for example, the 18.04 LTS release is commonly known as &quot;Bionic&quot;. Releases are timed to be approximately one month after GNOME releases.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> Upgrades from one [[Long Term Support|LTS]] release to the next LTS release (e.g. Ubuntu 16.04 LTS to Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and then to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS) are supported,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes |title=Upgrade Notes: General Upgrade Information |work=Ubuntu Community Help Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=26 October 2010 |archive-date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522072522/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; while upgrades from non-LTS have only supported upgrade to the next release, regardless of its LTS status (e.g. Ubuntu 15.10 to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS). However, it is possible to skip an LTS upgrade, going straight from 16.04 LTS to 18.04.5 LTS, by waiting for a point release that supports such updating.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> LTS releases have optional extended security maintenance (ESM) support available, including 14.04 &quot;Trusty&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/12.04/ |title=Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS (Precise Pangolin) |website=releases.ubuntu.com |access-date=2019-05-11 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402044055/http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/12.04/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; that is otherwise out of public support, adding support for that version up to 2022,&lt;ref name=&quot;Kerner&quot;/&gt; later extended to a total of 10 years alongside 16.04 LTS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ubuntu 14.04 and 16.04 lifecycle extended to ten years|url=https://ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-14-04-and-16-04-lifecycle-extended-to-ten-years|access-date=2021-10-09|website=Ubuntu|language=en|archive-date=9 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009051508/https://ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-14-04-and-16-04-lifecycle-extended-to-ten-years|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Ubuntu version history#1010|Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat)]], was released on 10 October 2010 (10–10–10). This departed from the traditional schedule of releasing at the end of October in order to get &quot;the perfect 10&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/336 |title=Shooting for the Perfect 10.10 with Maverick Meerkat |first=Mark |last=Shuttleworth |date=2 April 2010 |work=MarkShuttleworth.com |access-date=8 June 2010 |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410150834/https://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/336 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and makes a playful reference to ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' books, since, in [[Binary numeral system|binary]], 101010 equals [[Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe and Everything|decimal 42]], the &quot;Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe and Everything&quot; within the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-marketing/2010-May/003987.html |title=ubuntu-marketing: 10.10.10 |first=Mark |last=Shuttleworth |date=11 May 2010 |work=Ubuntu Mailing Lists |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=4 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823100915/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-marketing/2010-May/003987.html |archive-date=23 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ubuntu (16.04.5 and later) requires a 2&amp;nbsp;GB or larger installation medium.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/16.04.5/ |title=Index of /releases/16.04.5 |website=releases.ubuntu.com |access-date=7 August 2018 |archive-date=8 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808012557/http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/16.04.5/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/14.04.5/ |title=Index of /releases/14.04.5 |website=releases.ubuntu.com |access-date=7 August 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170222065656/http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/14.04.5/|archive-date= 22 February 2017|url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, there is an option to install it with a Minimal CD.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/MinimalCD |title=Installation/MinimalCD |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=20 April 2018 |archive-date=10 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010053413/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/MinimalCD |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Clear}}<br /> <br /> == Variants ==<br /> {{See also|List_of_Linux_distributions#Ubuntu-based|l1=List of Linux distributions § Ubuntu-based}}<br /> [[File:UbuntuFamilyTree1210.svg|thumb|Ubuntu family tree{{dubious|date=December 2018}}&lt;!-- This image seems to fail to note the demise of some of the variants; e.g. Satanic Ubuntu was apparently last released in 2011. --&gt;]]<br /> <br /> Ubuntu Desktop (formally named as Ubuntu Desktop Edition, and simply called Ubuntu) is the variant officially recommended for most users. It is designed for desktop and laptop PCs and is officially supported by Canonical. A number of variants are distinguished simply by each featuring a different desktop environment, or, in the case of Ubuntu Server, no desktop.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubuntu Releases&quot; /&gt; [[LXQt]] and [[Xfce]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/329244:alternative-desktop-xfce4 |title=Lightweight Linux Desktop Alternative: Xfce |last=Wallen |first=Jack |work=Linux.com – The Source for Linux Information |access-date=7 April 2015 |archive-date=26 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626164401/https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/329244:alternative-desktop-xfce4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; are often recommended for use with older PCs that may have less memory and processing power available.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> === Official distributions ===<br /> <br /> Most Ubuntu editions and flavours simply install a different set of default packages compared to the standard Ubuntu Desktop. Since they share the same package repositories, all of the same software is available for each of them.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ubuntu flavours |url=https://ubuntu.com/download/flavours |website=Ubuntu |access-date=3 February 2021 |language=en |archive-date=22 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522151037/http://www.ubuntu.com/products/whatisubuntu/derivatives |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=UbuntuFlavors - Ubuntu Wiki |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuFlavors |website=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=3 February 2021 |archive-date=15 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415224252/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuFlavors |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuntu Core{{Efn|Ubuntu Core is a &quot;containerized&quot; version of Ubuntu. The goal of this Ubuntu edition is to provide a more: minimal; secure; maintainable operating system base that can be expanded by &quot;[[Snap (package manager)|snaps]]&quot;.}} is the sole exception as it only has access to packages in the [[Snap (package manager)|Snap]] Store.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Salter |first1=Jim |title=Containerize all the things with Ubuntu Core 20 |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/02/ubuntu-core-20-adds-secure-boot-with-hardware-backed-encryption/ |website=Ars Technica |publisher=Ars Technica |access-date=3 February 2021 |language=en-us |date=2 February 2021 |archive-date=2 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202232308/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/02/ubuntu-core-20-adds-secure-boot-with-hardware-backed-encryption/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Distribution<br /> !Description<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Edubuntu Icon.webp|48x48px]]<br /> |[[Edubuntu]]<br /> |Edubuntu, formerly Ubuntu Education Edition, is a flavour of Ubuntu that has been modified for education. It is designed for [[preschool]], [[Primary education|primary]], [[Secondary education|secondary]] and [[Tertiary education|tertiary]] educations through the installation of different packages.<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Kubuntu Icon.png|48x48px]]<br /> |[[Kubuntu]]<br /> |An Ubuntu flavour using the [[KDE]] interface instead of the [[GNOME]] (and Unity) interface used by Ubuntu Desktop.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://kubuntu.org/ |title=Kubuntu - Friendly Computing |access-date=6 May 2019 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224134055/https://kubuntu.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Lubuntu Icon.png|48x48px]]<br /> |[[Lubuntu]]<br /> |Lubuntu is an Ubuntu flavour that is &quot;lighter, less resource hungry and more energy-efficient&quot;, using the [[LXQt]] [[desktop environment]] (used [[LXDE]] before 18.10).&lt;ref name=&quot;Distrowatch11May09&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20090511#news |title=Another day, another Ubuntu derivative. |last=Smart |first=Chris |date=May 2009 |access-date=21 May 2009 |archive-date=21 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121065012/http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20090511#news |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LXDEBlog&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://blog.lxde.org/?p=208 |title=Lubuntu? LXDE Meet up with Mark Shuttleworth in Berlin |last=[[LXDE]] |date=February 2009 |access-date=21 May 2009 |archive-date=24 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224015352/http://blog.lxde.org/?p=208 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://lubuntu.net/ |title=lubuntu |website=lubuntu |access-date=6 May 2019 |archive-date=21 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221225231/https://lubuntu.net/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Ubuntu Core<br /> |An Ubuntu edition focussed on IoT and embedded systems. It has no graphical interface, and only allows access over SSH. Unlike other variants, it does not use the traditional apt package manager but relies entirely on [[Snap (package manager)|Snap]] packages.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; It is designed to be configured via ''model assertions'' which are text documents defining which Snap packages and configurations apply to the OS image.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Proven |first=Liam |date=17 June 2022 |title=Ubuntu releases Core 22: Its IoT and edge distr |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/06/17/ubuntu_core_22/ |url-status=live |website=The Register |access-date=19 June 2022 |archive-date=19 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619102229/https://www.theregister.com/2022/06/17/ubuntu_core_22/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Ubuntu Budgie Icon.png|48x48px]]<br /> |[[Ubuntu Budgie]]<br /> |An Ubuntu flavour using [[Budgie (desktop environment)|Budgie]].<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:UbuntuCinnamon.png|48x48px|Cinnamon-logo]]<br /> |[[Ubuntu Cinnamon]]<br /> |An Ubuntu flavour using [[Linux Mint|Linux Mint's]] [[Cinnamon (desktop environment)|Cinnamon desktop]]. Formerly known as Ubuntu Cinnamon Remix.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ubuntu Cinnamon Remix {{!}} Ubuntu Cinnamon Remix, traditionally modern |url=https://ubuntucinnamon.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103175528/https://ubuntucinnamon.org/ |archive-date=3 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-03 |website=Ubuntu Cinnamon Remix |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sneddon |first=Joey |date=2023-03-28 |title=Ubuntu Cinnamon Now Official Ubuntu Flavour |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2023/03/ubuntu-cinnamon-new-official-flavor |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=OMG! Ubuntu! |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Ubuntu Kylin Icon.png|48x48px]]<br /> |[[Ubuntu Kylin]]<br /> |An Ubuntu flavour aimed at the Chinese market.<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Ubuntu MATE Icon.png|48x48px]]<br /> |[[Ubuntu MATE]]<br /> |An Ubuntu flavour using [[MATE (software)|MATE]], a desktop environment forked from the now-defunct GNOME 2 code base, with an emphasis on the [[desktop metaphor]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Sneddon01Mar15&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/02/ubuntu-15-04-beta-downloads-now-live-ubuntu-mate-made-an-official-flavor |title=Ubuntu 15.04 Beta Available to Download, Ubuntu MATE Is Now An Official Flavor |last=Sneddon |first=Joey |date=1 March 2015 |work=OMG Ubuntu |access-date=1 March 2015 |archive-date=17 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317051604/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/02/ubuntu-15-04-beta-downloads-now-live-ubuntu-mate-made-an-official-flavor |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Ubuntu and Ubuntu Server Icon.png|48x48px]]<br /> |Ubuntu Server<br /> |Ubuntu has a [[Server (computing)|server]] edition&lt;ref name=&quot;ubuntu-server&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ubuntu.com/server |title=Ubuntu Server - for scaleout workloads |access-date=30 October 2019 |archive-date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522065522/https://www.ubuntu.com/server |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes?_ga=2.208102746.998804565.1572421923-262180758.1561889001 |title=BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes |website=Ubuntu Wiki |access-date=30 October 2019 |archive-date=17 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817191955/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes?_ga=2.208102746.998804565.1572421923-262180758.1561889001 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; that uses the same APT repositories as the Ubuntu Desktop Edition. The differences between them are the absence of an [[X Window System|X Window environment]] in a default installation of the server edition (although one can easily be installed, including GNOME, KDE, Unity or Xfce), and some alterations to the installation process.&lt;ref name=&quot;PrepInstall&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/16.04/serverguide/preparing-to-install.html |title=Preparing to Install |work=Ubuntu Official Documentation |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=11 June 2013 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821114248/https://help.ubuntu.com/16.04/serverguide/preparing-to-install.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The server edition uses a screen-mode, [[Text-based user interface|character-based interface]] for the installation, instead of a graphical installation process. This enables installation on machines with a serial or &quot;dumb terminal&quot; interface without graphics support.<br /> <br /> The server edition (like the desktop version) supports [[hardware virtualization]] and can be run in a [[virtual machine]], either inside a host operating system or in a [[hypervisor]], such as [[VMware]] [[ESXi]], [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]], [[Citrix Systems|Citrix]] [[XenServer]], [[Microsoft]] [[Hyper-V]], [[QEMU]], a [[Kernel-based Virtual Machine]], or any other [[IBM PC compatible]] emulator or virtualizer. [[AppArmor]] security module for the [[Linux kernel]] is used by default on key software packages, and the [[Firewall (computing)|firewall]] is extended to common services used by the operating system.<br /> <br /> * Runs on all major ([[64-bit computing|64-bit]]) architectures{{snd}} [[x86-64]], [[ARM v7]]&lt;!--is actually (mistakenly?) listed in official server info on 20.04. Only version 8 is 64-bit, but it can run 32-bit ARMv7 code, probably what's meant here--&gt;, [[ARM64]], [[POWER8]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server/arm |title=Ubuntu Server for ARM |quote=Ubuntu 20.04 LTS includes support for the very latest ARM-based server systems powered by certified 64-bit processors. [...] &lt;!--<br /> Develop and test using over 50,000 software packages and runtimes — including Go, Java, JavaScript, PHP, Python and Ruby — and deploy at scale using our complete scale-out management suite including MAAS and Juju.--&gt; Ubuntu delivers server-grade performance on ARM |access-date=11 October 2016 |archive-date=11 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011233553/https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server/arm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and later, &lt;!-- official docs only says POWER9, likely to emphasize runs on too? --&gt;[[IBM System z]] mainframes via [[LinuxONE]],&lt;ref name=&quot;server&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/server |title=What's new in 16.04 LTS |year=2016 |work=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=13 June 2016 |archive-date=23 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223192409/https://www.ubuntu.com/server |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and has initial support for [[RISC-V]]. [[SPARC]] is no longer commercially supported nor are Ubuntu (Server) versions for 32-bit [[x86]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ubuntu Extended Security Maintenance {{!}} Security|url=https://ubuntu.com/security/esm|access-date=2021-07-14|website=Ubuntu|language=en|archive-date=12 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712040355/https://ubuntu.com/security/esm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Supports [[ZFS]], a file system with snapshot capabilities, since Ubuntu 16.04&amp;nbsp;LTS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2016-April/000207.html |title=Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus) released |author=Adam Conrad |date=21 April 2016 |work=lists.ubuntu.com |access-date=5 June 2017 |archive-date=3 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603235252/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2016-April/000207.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;phoronix-Ubuntu16.04-ZFS&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=ubuntu-xenial-zfs&amp;num=1 |title=Taking ZFS for a Test Drive on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS |last=Larabel |first=Michael |work=Phoronix.com |access-date=25 April 2016 |archive-date=25 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425064534/http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=ubuntu-xenial-zfs&amp;num=1 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://github.com/zfsonlinux/zfs |title=zfs: ZFS on Linux - the official OpenZFS implementation for Linux |date=6 June 2017 |via=GitHub |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-date=14 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314065738/https://github.com/zfsonlinux/zfs |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Has LXD, a hypervisor to manage [[LXC]] Linux [[Operating-system-level virtualization|containers]].<br /> * Includes the first production release of [[DPDK]] for line-speed kernel networking.<br /> * Uses the latest long-term release Linux kernel and [[systemd]] service manager.<br /> * Is certified as a guest on [[Amazon Web Services|AWS]], [[Microsoft Azure]], [[Joyent]], [[IBM cloud computing|IBM]] and [[HP Cloud]].&lt;ref name=&quot;server&quot; /&gt;<br /> * [[Netplan]] support&lt;ref name=&quot;ubuntu-server&quot;/&gt; (available since Ubuntu 16.04 LTS)<br /> * [[Snappy (package manager)|snap]] package manager<br /> * [[Logical Volume Manager (Linux)|LVM]] encryption support<br /> <br /> It has &lt;!--up-to-date--&gt; versions of key server software pre-installed, including Tomcat&lt;!-- (v8)--&gt;, PostgreSQL (v12.2), Docker&lt;!--v(1.10)--&gt;, Puppet&lt;!-- (v3.8.5)--&gt;, Python (v3.9), PHP (v8.0), &lt;!--Qemu (v4.2), Libvirt (v6.0), LXC (v2.0),--&gt; NGINX (v1.17), and MySQL (v8.0).<br /> <br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Ubuntu Studio Icon.png|48x48px]]<br /> |[[Ubuntu Studio]]<br /> |Based on Ubuntu, providing open-source applications for multimedia creation aimed at the audio, video and graphic editors. This release uses the [[KDE Plasma 5]] desktop environment, previously used [[Xfce]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ubuntustudio.org/ |title=Ubuntu Studio |access-date=17 October 2018 |archive-date=7 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307102013/http://ubuntustudio.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Ubuntu_Unity_Logo.png|48x48px|Ubuntu Unity Logo]]<br /> |[[Ubuntu Unity]]<br /> |An Ubuntu flavour using [[Unity (user interface)|Unity 7]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ubuntu Unity |url=https://ubuntuunity.org/ |access-date=2022-01-03 |website=ubuntuunity.org |archive-date=20 June 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200620201816/https://ubuntuunity.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ubuntu Unity Becoming An Official Flavor With 22.10 Release |url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/Ubuntu-Unity-22.10-Official |access-date=2022-10-22 |website=www.phoronix.com |language=en |archive-date=22 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022000933/https://www.phoronix.com/news/Ubuntu-Unity-22.10-Official |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Proven |first=Liam |date=20 October 2022 |title=Ubuntu has a new remix in the family: Unity |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/10/20/ubuntu_2210_kinetic_kudu/ |access-date=2022-10-22 |website=[[The Register]] |language=en |archive-date=22 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022134739/https://www.theregister.com/2022/10/20/ubuntu_2210_kinetic_kudu/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Xubuntu Icon.png|48x48px]]<br /> |[[Xubuntu]]<br /> |An Ubuntu flavour using [[Xfce]]. Xubuntu is intended for use on less-powerful computers or those who seek a highly efficient desktop environment on faster systems, and uses mostly [[GTK]] applications.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://xubuntu.org/ |title=Xubuntu |website=xubuntu.org |access-date=6 May 2019 |archive-date=22 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122072947/http://www.xubuntu.org/get |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Ubuntu had some official distributions that have been discontinued, such as [[Gobuntu]]; including some previously supported by Canonical, like [[Ubuntu Touch]], that is now maintained by volunteers (UBports Community).<br /> <br /> === Unofficial distributions ===<br /> <br /> Alongside the official flavours are those that are unofficial. These are still in the process of becoming recognized as official flavours by Canonical.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Pablinux|date=2019-09-23|title=Ubuntu Cinnamon, probably official flavor in the coming months|url=https://www.linuxadictos.com/en/have-you-found-out-that-ubuntu-cinnamon-is-likely-to-become-official-flavor.html|access-date=2022-01-03|website=Linux Adictos|language=en|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103175528/https://www.linuxadictos.com/en/have-you-found-out-that-ubuntu-cinnamon-is-likely-to-become-official-flavor.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Nestor|first=Marius|date=2021-10-14|title=Ubuntu Unity 21.10 Released to Keep the Unity7 Desktop Alive in 2021|url=https://9to5linux.com/ubuntu-unity-21-10-released-to-keep-the-unity-desktop-alive-in-2021|access-date=2022-01-03|website=9to5Linux|language=en-US|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103175527/https://9to5linux.com/ubuntu-unity-21-10-released-to-keep-the-unity-desktop-alive-in-2021|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Distribution<br /> !Description<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:UbuntuDDE Icon.png|alt=Deepin-logo|48x48px|Deepin logo]]<br /> |UbuntuDDE<br /> |An unofficial Ubuntu flavour using [[Deepin Desktop Environment]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UbuntuDDE - Your Beautiful Ubuntu Linux Distribution |url=https://ubuntudde.com/ |access-date=2022-10-30 |language=en-US |archive-date=10 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510204814/https://ubuntudde.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Ubuntu Web<br /> |An unofficial Ubuntu flavour using [[GNOME|GNOME Desktop Environment]], with the focus on web applications.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ubuntu Web Remix - A powerful free/libre web OS. |url=https://ubuntu-web.org/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |language=en-US |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228122737/https://ubuntu-web.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Cloud computing ===<br /> [[File:Ubuntu Orange Box-Fossetcon 12.09.2014.jpg|thumb|Cloud Ubuntu Orange Box|alt=]]Ubuntu offers Ubuntu Cloud Images which are pre-installed disk images that have been customized by Ubuntu engineering to run on cloud-platforms such as [[Amazon EC2]], [[OpenStack]], [[Microsoft Azure]] and [[LXC]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/ |title=Ubuntu Cloud Images |work=Cloud-images.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |date=6 February 2014 |access-date=6 February 2014 |archive-date=17 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217202610/http://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuntu is also prevalent on [[Virtual private server|VPS]] platforms such as [[DigitalOcean]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.digitalocean.com/blog_posts/where-do-droplets-form |title=Where ''Do'' Droplets Form? |work=DigitalOcean Company Blog |publisher=[[DigitalOcean]] |date=2 January 2014 |access-date=6 February 2014 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222002531/https://www.digitalocean.com/blog_posts/where-do-droplets-form |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Eucalyptus full.jpg|thumb|Eucalyptus interface]]<br /> Ubuntu has support for OpenStack, with Eucalyptus to OpenStack migration tools added by Canonical.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/canonical-switches-to-openstack-for-ubuntu-linux-cloud/8875 |title=Canonical switches to OpenStack for Ubuntu Linux cloud |publisher=ZDNet |date=10 May 2011 |access-date=10 October 2011 |archive-date=12 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012224524/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/canonical-switches-to-openstack-for-ubuntu-linux-cloud/8875 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Prickett |first=Timothy |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/05/10/canonical_ubuntu_openstack/ |title=Ubuntu eats OpenStack for clouds |work=[[The Register]] |date=10 May 2011 |access-date=10 October 2011 |archive-date=9 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009040603/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/05/10/canonical_ubuntu_openstack/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ubuntu version history#1110|Ubuntu 11.10]] added focus on OpenStack as the Ubuntu's preferred [[IaaS]] offering though Eucalyptus is also supported. Another major focus is [[Juju (software)|Canonical Juju]] for provisioning, deploying, hosting, managing, and orchestrating enterprise data center infrastructure services, by, with, and for the Ubuntu Server.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite interview |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUv5vwHMPk0 |title=Dustin Kirkland of Canonical |first=Dustin |last=Kirkland |interviewer=Barton George |publisher=[[Dell Inc.]] |via=YouTube |date=7 June 2011 |location=Cloud Expo, New York City |access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-date=8 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108223155/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUv5vwHMPk0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ServerTeam/Orchestra |title=ServerTeam: Orchestra |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |date=4 January 2012 |access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416204350/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ServerTeam/Orchestra |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Adoption and reception ==<br /> === Installed base ===<br /> <br /> As Ubuntu is distributed freely and historically there was no registration process (still optional&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WikiGuide/Registration - Community Help Wiki|url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WikiGuide/Registration|access-date=2020-11-17|website=help.ubuntu.com|archive-date=22 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922102737/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WikiGuide/Registration|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=software installation - Why does Ubuntu require us to register an account on Ubuntu website to be able to install a Snap package?|url=https://askubuntu.com/questions/773609/why-does-ubuntu-require-us-to-register-an-account-on-ubuntu-website-to-be-able-t|access-date=2020-11-17|website=Ask Ubuntu|archive-date=19 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319110136/http://askubuntu.com/questions/773609/why-does-ubuntu-require-us-to-register-an-account-on-ubuntu-website-to-be-able-t|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;), Ubuntu usage can only be roughly estimated.&lt;ref name=&quot;Michael Kerner&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.linuxplanet.com/linuxplanet/reports/7032/1/ |title=Ubuntu Claims 12 Million Users as Lucid Linux Desktop Nears |first=Sean Michael |last=Kerner |date=7 April 2010 |work=LinuxPlanet.com |access-date=7 April 2010 |archive-date=10 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410164921/http://www.linuxplanet.com/linuxplanet/reports/7032/1 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2015, Canonical's Ubuntu Insights page stated &quot;Ubuntu now has over 40&amp;nbsp;million desktop users and counting&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://insights.ubuntu.com/about/ |title=About Ubuntu Insights |work=Insights.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906185403/http://insights.ubuntu.com/about/ |archive-date=6 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> W3Techs Web Technology Surveys estimated in November 2020 that:<br /> * Ubuntu is by far the most popular [[Linux distribution]] for running [[web server]]s; of the websites they analyze it is &quot;used by 47.3% of all the websites who use Linux&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;Q-Success&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Usage Statistics and Market Share of Linux for Websites, November 2020|url=https://w3techs.com/technologies/details/os-linux|access-date=2020-11-17|website=w3techs.com|archive-date=1 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001013143/https://w3techs.com/technologies/details/os-linux|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Ubuntu alone powers more websites than [[Microsoft Windows]], which powers 28.2% of all websites, or 39% of the share Unix has (which includes Linux and thus Ubuntu). All Linux/Unix distributions in total power well over twice the number of hosts as Windows for websites based on W3Techs numbers. Ubuntu and Debian only (which Ubuntu is based on, with the same package manager and thus administered the same way) make up 65% of all Linux distributions for web serving use; the usage of Ubuntu surpassed Debian (for such [[Server (computing)|server]] use) in May 2016.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> * Ubuntu is the most popular Linux distribution among the top 1,000 sites and gains around 500 of the top 10&amp;nbsp;million websites per day.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://w3techs.com/blog/entry/debian_ubuntu_extend_the_dominance_in_the_linux_web_server_market_at_the_expense_of_red_hat_centos |title=Debian/Ubuntu extend the[ir] dominance in the Linux web server market at the expense of Red Hat/CentOS |work=W3Techs |publisher=Q-Success |date=21 October 2013 |access-date=10 September 2016 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111045036/https://w3techs.com/blog/entry/debian_ubuntu_extend_the_dominance_in_the_linux_web_server_market_at_the_expense_of_red_hat_centos |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--&quot;Ubuntu&quot; is not strictly in source, just &quot;Debian/Ubuntu&quot;, but is an old one?!--&gt;<br /> &lt;!--<br /> This number they quote, is only a lower bound, as more than half of Unix-like is unknown, all numbers could be more than double those, and only that number is true if none of the unknown is Ubuntu:<br /> * Ubuntu is used by 12.8% of all websites analyzed, growing from less than 7% in October 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://w3techs.com/technologies/details/os-ubuntu/all/all |title=Usage statistics and market share of Ubuntu for websites |work=W3Techs |publisher=Q-Success |date=April 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> <br /> W3Techs analyses the top 10&amp;nbsp;million websites only.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://w3techs.com/technologies |title=Web Technologies Statistics and Trends |work=W3Techs |publisher=Q-Success |access-date=11 September 2016 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111042558/https://w3techs.com/technologies |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!-- It considers Linux a subcategory of [[Unix]] and estimated in the same month that 66.7% of the analyzed websites use Unix, under that broad definition.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://w3techs.com/technologies/details/os-unix/all/all |title=Usage statistics and market share of Unix for websites |work=W3Techs |publisher=Q-Success |date=September 2016 |access-date=11 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; --&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Wikimedia Foundation]] data (based on [[user agent]]) for September 2013 shows that Ubuntu generated the most page requests to Wikimedia sites, including Wikipedia, among recognizable Linux distributions.&lt;ref name=&quot;wikimedia-stats&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/archive/squid_reports/2013-09/SquidReportOperatingSystems.htm |title=Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report&amp;nbsp;– Operating Systems |last=Zachte |first=Eric |work=Wikimedia Statistics |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]] |date=September 2013 |access-date=25 October 2013 |archive-date=28 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028025246/http://stats.wikimedia.org/archive/squid_reports/2013-09/SquidReportOperatingSystems.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tale_two_distros&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.zdnet.com/a-tale-of-two-distros-ubuntu-and-linux-mint-3040095012/ |title=A tale of two distros: Ubuntu and Linux Mint |date=10 February 2012 |access-date=25 October 2013 |first=Terry |last=Relph-Knight |publisher=ZDNet |archive-date=16 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016223722/http://www.zdnet.com/a-tale-of-two-distros-ubuntu-and-linux-mint-3040095012/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{As of|November 2020}}, Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS is used in a [[supercomputer]] on the [[TOP500]] list, currently the fifth-fastest one in the world&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Selene - NVIDIA DGX A100, AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz, NVIDIA A100, Mellanox HDR Infiniband {{!}} TOP500|url=https://www.top500.org/system/179842/|access-date=2020-11-17|website=www.top500.org|archive-date=13 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113053132/https://www.top500.org/system/179842/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; after an upgrade from seventh place, where it entered the list in June. Another Nvidia supercomputer tops the [[Green500]] list (and it and the next one are also Ubuntu-based), a list which is a reordering of former list, ordered by power-efficiency.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=November 2020 {{!}} TOP500|url=https://www.top500.org/lists/green500/2020/11/|access-date=2020-11-17|website=www.top500.org|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116223035/https://www.top500.org/lists/green500/2020/11/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the TOP500 list, that supercomputer is ranked 172nd.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NVIDIA DGX SuperPOD - NVIDIA DGX A100, AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz, NVIDIA A100, Mellanox HDR Infiniband {{!}} TOP500|url=https://www.top500.org/system/179910/|access-date=2020-11-17|website=www.top500.org|archive-date=17 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117140346/https://www.top500.org/system/179910/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Large-scale deployments ===<br /> <br /> The public sector has also adopted Ubuntu. {{As of|2009|January}}, the Ministry of Education and Science of [[North Macedonia]] deployed more than 180,000&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=A Software Populist Who Doesn't Do Windows |first=Ashlee |last=Vance |author-link=Ashlee Vance |newspaper=The New York Times |date=10 January 2009 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/11/business/11ubuntu.html?_r=2&amp;th&amp;emc=th |access-date=22 February 2009 |archive-date=12 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232859/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/11/business/11ubuntu.html?_r=2&amp;th&amp;emc=th |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuntu-based classroom desktops, and has encouraged every student in the country to use Ubuntu-powered computer workstations;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/news/macedonia-school-computers |title=Every Student in the Republic of Macedonia to Use Ubuntu-powered Computer Workstations |date=20 November 2007 |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=2 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403200908/https://www.ubuntu.com/news/macedonia-school-computers |archive-date=3 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; the Spanish school system has 195,000 Ubuntu desktops.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot; /&gt; The French police, having already started using [[open-source software]] in 2005 by replacing [[Microsoft Office]] with [[OpenOffice.org]], decided to transition to Ubuntu from [[Windows XP]] after the release of [[Windows Vista]] in 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;FrPol&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/03/french-police-saves-millions-of-euros-by-adopting-ubuntu.ars |title=French police: We saved millions of euros by adopting Ubuntu |first=Ryan |last=Paul |date=11 March 2009 |work=Ars Technica |access-date=2 December 2010 |archive-date=13 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090313044240/http://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/03/french-police-saves-millions-of-euros-by-adopting-ubuntu.ars |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; By March 2009, the [[National Gendarmerie|Gendarmerie Nationale]] had already switched 5,000 workstations to Ubuntu.&lt;ref name=&quot;FrPol&quot; /&gt; Based on the success of that transition, it planned to switch 15,000 more over by the end of 2009 and to have switched all 90,000 workstations over by 2015 [[GendBuntu|(GendBuntu project)]].&lt;ref name=&quot;FrPol&quot; /&gt; Lt. Colonel Guimard announced that the move was very easy and allowed for a 70% saving on the IT budget without having to reduce its capabilities.&lt;ref name=&quot;FrPol&quot; /&gt; In 2011, Ubuntu 10.04 was adopted by the Indian justice system.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/India-s-Justice-Sytem-Switches-to-Ubuntu-10-04-228451.shtml |title=India's Justice {{sic|Sy|tem|nolink=y}} Switches to Ubuntu 10.04 |work=News.Softpedia.com |publisher=SoftNews Net SRL |date=18 October 2011 |access-date=21 October 2011 |archive-date=19 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219232124/http://news.softpedia.com/news/India-s-Justice-Sytem-Switches-to-Ubuntu-10-04-228451.shtml |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2004,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Munich Mayor Says Switch to Linux Saved Money, Reduced Complaints |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/469542/munich_mayor_says_switch_to_linux_saved_money_reduced_complaints.html |access-date=7 March 2022 |work=[[PCWorld]] |date=March 30, 2012 |quote=The city of Munich started the LiMux project in 2004 and began migrating from Windows NT to a fully open source desktop infrastructure in 2006. |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307153529/https://www.pcworld.com/article/469542/munich_mayor_says_switch_to_linux_saved_money_reduced_complaints.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; the city of [[Munich]], Germany, started the [[LiMux]] project, and later forked Kubuntu 10.04 LTS for use on the city's computers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/Direktorium/LiMux.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904212323/http://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/Direktorium/LiMux.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 September 2012 |title=Landeshauptstadt München&amp;nbsp;– Das Projekt LiMux |access-date=9 July 2012 |language=de |trans-title=City of Munich&amp;nbsp;– The Project LiMux |work=Muenchen.de: Das offizielle Stadtportal |publisher=Portal München Betriebs GmbH / Landeshauptstadt München / Stadtwerke München GmbH. }}&lt;/ref&gt; After originally planning to migrate 12,000 desktop computers to LiMux, it was announced in December 2013 that the project had completed successfully with the migration of 14,800 out of 15,500 desktop computers,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.cio.co.uk/news/change-management/munich-open-source-completed-successfully/ |title=Munich open-source switch 'completed successfully' |first=Loek |last=Essers |date=13 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013085745/http://www.cio.co.uk/news/change-management/munich-open-source-completed-successfully/ |archive-date=13 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; but still keeping about 5,000 Windows clients for unported applications. In February 2017 the majority coalition decided, against heavy protest from the opposition,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/LiMux-Aus-in-Muenchen-Opposition-wettert-gegen-katastrophale-Fehlentscheidung-3622848.html |title=LiMux-Aus in München: Opposition wettert gegen &quot;katastrophale Fehlentscheidung&quot; |last=iX |website=iX |date=12 February 2017 |access-date=2 June 2019 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602074626/https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/LiMux-Aus-in-Muenchen-Opposition-wettert-gegen-katastrophale-Fehlentscheidung-3622848.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; to evaluate the migration back to Windows,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.heise.de/ix/meldung/Von-Linux-zurueck-zu-Microsoft-Schwarz-Rot-in-Muenchen-will-LiMux-rauswerfen-3621178.html |title=Von Linux zurück zu Microsoft: Schwarz-Rot in München will LiMux rauswerfen |last=iX |website=iX |date=9 February 2017 |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-date=21 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421025726/https://www.heise.de/ix/meldung/Von-Linux-zurueck-zu-Microsoft-Schwarz-Rot-in-Muenchen-will-LiMux-rauswerfen-3621178.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; after Microsoft had decided to move its company headquarters to Munich.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Buero-der-Zukunft-Microsoft-zieht-nach-Muenchen-Schwabing-2042386.html |title=&quot;Büro der Zukunft&quot;: Microsoft zieht nach München-Schwabing |last=iX |website=iX |date=8 November 2013 |access-date=2 June 2019 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602074626/https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Buero-der-Zukunft-Microsoft-zieht-nach-Muenchen-Schwabing-2042386.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Governing Mayor [[Dieter Reiter]] cited lack of compatibility with systems outside of the administrative sector, such as requiring a governmental [[mail server]] to send e-mails to his personal [[smartphone]], as reasons for the return, but has been criticised for evaluating administrative IT based on private and business standards.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://derstandard.at/2000003144506/Bin-Microsoft-Fan-Muenchner-Buergermeister-kritisiert-Linux-in-Stadtverwaltung |title=&quot;Bin Microsoft-Fan&quot;: Münchner Bürgermeister kritisiert Linux - derstandard.at/2000003144506/Bin-Microsoft-Fan-Muenchner-Buergermeister-kritisiert-Linux-in-Stadtverwaltung |last=iX |website=iX |access-date=2 June 2019 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602074626/https://derstandard.at/2000003144506/Bin-Microsoft-Fan-Muenchner-Buergermeister-kritisiert-Linux-in-Stadtverwaltung |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In May 2020, the recently elected [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] party and the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democrat]] party negotiated a new coalition agreement, stating: &quot;Where it is technologically and financially possible, the city will put emphasis on open standards and free open-source licensed software&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Schaer |first1=Cathrin |title=Linux not Windows: Why Munich is shifting back from Microsoft to open source – again |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-not-windows-why-munich-is-shifting-back-from-microsoft-to-open-source-again/ |access-date=7 March 2022 |work=ZDNet |date=May 14, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=9 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409220034/https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-not-windows-why-munich-is-shifting-back-from-microsoft-to-open-source-again/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.gruene-muenchen.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Druckfassung_Koalitionsvertrag-2020_2026.pdf |title=Mit Mut, Visionen und Zuversicht: Ganz München im Blick |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327063010/https://www.gruene-muenchen.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Druckfassung_Koalitionsvertrag-2020_2026.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In March 2012, the government of Iceland launched a project to get all public institutions using free and open-source software. Already, several government agencies and schools have adopted Ubuntu. The government cited cost savings as a big factor for the decision, and also stated that open-source software avoids [[vendor lock-in]]. A 12-month project was launched to migrate the biggest public institutions in Iceland to using open-source software, and help ease the migration for others.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-03/23/iceland-open-source-software |title=Icelandic government makes a push for open-source software |date=23 March 2012 |access-date=9 July 2012 |first=Mark |last=Brown |magazine=Wired UK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709055602/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-03/23/iceland-open-source-software |archive-date=9 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; US president [[Barack Obama]]'s successful [[Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012|campaign]] for re-election in 2012 used Ubuntu in its IT department.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/11/how-team-obamas-tech-efficiency-left-romney-it-in-dust/ |title=How Team Obama's tech efficiency left Romney IT in dust |work=Ars Technica |date=20 November 2012 |last=Gallagher |first=Sean |access-date=6 March 2018 |quote=Key in maximizing the value of the Obama campaign's IT spending was its use of open source tools and open architectures. Linux—particularly Ubuntu—was used as the server operating system of choice. |archive-date=1 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101190642/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/11/how-team-obamas-tech-efficiency-left-romney-it-in-dust/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In August 2014, the city of [[Turin]], Italy, announced its migration from [[Windows XP]] to Ubuntu for the 8,300 desktop computers used by the municipality, becoming the first city in Italy to adopt Ubuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Turin-to-Be-First-Italian-City-to-Adopt-Ubuntu-Unshackle-from-the-quot-Tyranny-of-Proprietary-Software-quot-454152.shtml |title=Turin to Be First Italian City to Adopt Ubuntu, Unshackle from the 'Tyranny of Proprietary Software' |work=News.Softpedia.com |publisher=SoftNews Net SRL |date=8 August 2014 |last=Stahie |first=Silviu |access-date=16 September 2014 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006075109/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Turin-to-Be-First-Italian-City-to-Adopt-Ubuntu-Unshackle-from-the-quot-Tyranny-of-Proprietary-Software-quot-454152.shtml |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://torino.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/08/03/news/il_comune_rinnova_i_pc_e_d_laddio_a_microsoft_risparmiamo_6_milioni-93067980/ |title=Il Comune di Torino rinnova i pc e dà l'addio a Microsoft: &quot;Risparmiamo 6 milioni&quot; |work=la Repubblica |publisher=Gruppo Editoriale L′Espresso |date=4 August 2014 |last=Guccione |first=Gabriele |access-date=16 September 2014 |archive-date=27 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927103402/http://torino.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/08/03/news/il_comune_rinnova_i_pc_e_d_laddio_a_microsoft_risparmiamo_6_milioni-93067980/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Starting in 2008, the [[Wikimedia Foundation]], the non-profit organization behind [[Wikipedia]], switched from multiple different Linux operating systems to Ubuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Weiss|first=Todd R.|date=October 9, 2008|title=Wikipedia simplifies IT infrastructure by moving to one Linux vendor|newspaper=[[Computerworld]]|url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9116787/Wikipedia_simplifies_IT_infrastructure_by_moving_to_one_Linux_vendor?taxonomyId=154&amp;pageNumber=1&amp;taxonomyName=Servers%20and%20Data%20Center|url-status=live|access-date=November 1, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005181633/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9116787/Wikipedia_simplifies_IT_infrastructure_by_moving_to_one_Linux_vendor?taxonomyId=154&amp;pageNumber=1&amp;taxonomyName=Servers%20and%20Data%20Center|archive-date=October 5, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Paul|first=Ryan|date=October 9, 2008|title=Wikipedia adopts Ubuntu for its server infrastructure|newspaper=[[Ars Technica]]|url=https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2008/10/wikipedia-adopts-ubuntu-for-its-server-infrastructure.ars|url-status=live|access-date=November 1, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130021503/http://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2008/10/wikipedia-adopts-ubuntu-for-its-server-infrastructure.ars|archive-date=January 30, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Reception ===<br /> Ubuntu was awarded the Reader Award for best Linux distribution at the 2005 [[LinuxWorld Conference and Expo]] in London,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://w3.linux-magazine.com/issue/61/Linuxworld_London_UK_2005.pdf |title=LinuxWorld Expo UK 2005 |first=John |last=Masters |date=June 2005 |work=Linux Magazine |publisher=Linux New Media |access-date=19 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626133319/http://w3.linux-magazine.com/issue/61/Linuxworld_London_UK_2005.pdf |archive-date=26 June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; received favorable reviews in online and print publications,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/8253 |title=Linux in Government: Linux Desktop Reviews, Part 6&amp;nbsp;– Ubuntu |first=Tom |last=Adelstein |date=19 April 2005 |work=Linux Journal |access-date=2 December 2010 |archive-date=2 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502075038/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/8253 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |first=Neil |last=McAllister |title=Gutsy Gibbon: Desktop Linux OS Made Easy |volume=26 |date=January 2008 |journal=PC World |page=84}}&lt;/ref&gt; and has won [[InfoWorld]]'s 2007 Bossie Award for ''Best Open Source Client OS''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.infoworld.com/t/platforms/best-open-source-in-platforms-and-middleware-129 |title=Best of open source in platforms and middleware |first=Paul |last=Venenzia |date=10 September 2007 |work=InfoWorld |access-date=2 December 2010 |archive-date=8 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608205855/http://www.infoworld.com/t/platforms/best-open-source-in-platforms-and-middleware-129 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In early 2008, ''[[PC World (magazine)|PC World]]'' named Ubuntu the &quot;best all-around Linux distribution available today&quot;, though it criticized the lack of an integrated desktop effects manager.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/146400/desktop_linux_faceoff_ubuntu_804_vs_fedora_9.html |title=Desktop Linux Face-Off: Ubuntu 8.04 vs. Fedora 9 |first=Robert |last=Strohmeyer |date=2 June 2008 |work=PC World |access-date=19 August 2008 |archive-date=13 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080813223405/http://www.pcworld.com/article/146400/desktop_linux_faceoff_ubuntu_804_vs_fedora_9.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Chris DiBona, the program manager for open-source software at Google, said &quot;I think Ubuntu has captured people's imaginations around the Linux desktop,&quot; and &quot;If there is a hope for the Linux desktop, it would be them&quot;. {{As of|2009|January}}, almost half of Google's 20,000 employees used [[Goobuntu]], a slightly modified version of Ubuntu.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot; /&gt; In 2012, ''[[ZDNet]]'' reported that Ubuntu was still Google's desktop of choice.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/the-truth-about-goobuntu-googles-in-house-desktop-ubuntu-linux/ |title=The truth about Goobuntu: Google's in-house desktop Ubuntu Linux |date=29 August 2012 |access-date=17 April 2016 |last=Vaughan-Nichols |first=Steven J. |publisher=ZDNet |quote=&quot;Goobuntu use is encouraged and 'All our development tools are for Ubuntu.{{'&quot;}} |archive-date=10 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410030319/http://www.zdnet.com/article/the-truth-about-goobuntu-googles-in-house-desktop-ubuntu-linux/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In March 2016, Matt Hartley picked a list of best Linux distributions for [[Datamation]]; he chose Ubuntu as number one.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.datamation.com/open-source/best-linux-distro-linux-experts-rate-distros-1.html |title=Best Linux Distro: Linux Experts Rate Distros |date=15 March 2016 |access-date=17 April 2016 |last1=Hartley |first1=Matt |last2=Byfield |first2=Bruce |website=[[Datamation]] |quote=Obviously, Ubuntu was going to be at the top of the list.[...] Ubuntu has done more to put desktop Linux into the hands of the common man than any other distribution out there. |archive-date=20 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420085807/http://www.datamation.com/open-source/best-linux-distro-linux-experts-rate-distros-1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2008, [[Jamie Hyneman]], co-host of the American television series ''[[MythBusters]]'', advocated Linux (giving the example of Ubuntu) as a solution to [[software bloat]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/upgrade/4243994.html?page=3 |title=MythBusters: 7 Tech Headaches—and How to Fix Them |first=Jamie |last=Hyneman |date=18 February 2008 |work=Popular Mechanics |access-date=2 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324070017/http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/upgrade/4243994.html?page=3 |archive-date=24 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Other celebrity users of Ubuntu include science fiction writer [[Cory Doctorow]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |publisher=Apress |isbn=978-1-4302-1999-6 |last1=Thomas |first1=K. |last2=Channelle |first2=A. |last3=Sicam |first3=J. |title=Beginning Ubuntu Linux |year=2009 |page=xxxii}}&lt;/ref&gt; and actor [[Stephen Fry]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Sneddon |first=Joey |title=Stephen Fry: 'I Use Ubuntu' |url=http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/08/stephen-fry-i-use-ubuntu |work=OMG! Ubuntu! |date=27 August 2012 |publisher=Ohso Ltd |access-date=29 August 2012 |archive-date=30 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830041606/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/08/stephen-fry-i-use-ubuntu |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;!--In March 2013, Canonical announced that it had decided to develop [[Mir (display server)|Mir]],&lt;ref name=&quot;The H&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Canonical-reveals-plans-to-launch-Mir-display-server-Update-1815982.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130307074544/http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Canonical-reveals-plans-to-launch-Mir-display-server-Update-1815982.html |archive-date=7 March 2013 |title=Canonical reveals plans to launch Mir display server&amp;nbsp;– Update |work=The H Open |publisher=Heise Media UK |date=24 February 2013 |access-date=6 March 2013 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; reversing an earlier plan to move to [[Wayland (display server protocol)|Wayland]] as the primary Ubuntu display server&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/551 |title=Unity on Wayland |last=Shuttleworth |first=Mark |quote=The next major transition for Unity will be to deliver it on Wayland... |date=4 November 2010 |work=MarkShuttleworth.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; and causing [[Mir (software)#Controversy|widespread objection from the open source desktop community]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=MTMxODA |title=A Note to Canonical: 'Don't Piss on Wayland' |author-link=Michael Larabel |first=Michael |last=Larabel |date=5 March 2013 |work=Phoronix.com }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://blog.martin-graesslin.com/blog/2013/03/war-is-peace/ |title=War Is Peace |first=Martin |last=Gräßlin |date=8 March 2013 |quote=Will KWin support Mir? No! |postscript=. Gräßlin is maintainer of [[KWin]], the [[KDE]] window manager.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sharpley.org.uk/blog/lightdm-mir-wayland |title=KDE, LightDM and the Mir Kerfuffle |first=David |last=Edmundson |date=12 March 2013 |work=Sharpley.org.uk |quote=If you know for 6 months that you're not going to do something you said you would it's rude not to tell people |postscript=. Edmundson is author of KDE greeter library used by [[LightDM]], used by Ubuntu. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518151403/http://www.sharpley.org.uk/blog/lightdm-mir-wayland |archive-date=18 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=MTMyNjQ |title=GNOME Will Move Full-Speed With Wayland Support |author-link=Michael Larabel |first=Michael |last=Larabel |date=13 March 2013 |quote=What's GNOME doing about Mir? They're laying out plans right now to move hard and fast with Wayland support! |work=Phoronix.com }}&lt;/ref&gt; X.Org contributor Daniel Stone opined: &quot;I'm just irritated that this means more work for us, more work for upstream developers, more work for toolkits, more work for hardware vendors....&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=MTMxNzY |title=Upstream X/Wayland Developers Bash Canonical, Mir |first=Michael |last=Larabel |date=4 March 2013 |work=Phoronix.com }}&lt;/ref&gt; In September 2013, an Intel developer removed XMir support from their video driver and wrote &quot;We do not condone or support Canonical in the course of action they have chosen, and will not carry XMir patches upstream&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://cgit.freedesktop.org/xorg/driver/xf86-video-intel/commit/?id=58a7611 |title=xf86-video-intel 2.99.902 snapshot |first=Chris |last=Wilson |work=cgit.FreeDesktop.org |publisher=X Desktop Group |date=7 September 2013 |access-date=8 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Larabel |url= https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=MTQ1NjY |title=Intel Reverts Plans, Will Not Support Ubuntu's XMir |work=Phoronix.com |date=7 September 2013 |access-date=8 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url= https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/09/intel-rejection-of-ubuntus-mir-patch-forces-canonical-to-go-own-way/ |title=Intel rejection of Ubuntu's Mir patch forces Canonical to go own way |website=Ars Technica |first=Jon |last=Brodkin |date=9 September 2013 |access-date=3 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> In January 2014, the UK's authority for computer security, [[Communications-Electronics Security Group#CESG|CESG]], reported that [[Ubuntu version history#1204|Ubuntu 12.04 LTS]] was &quot;the only operating system that passes as many as 9 out of 12 requirements without any significant risks&quot;, though it was unclear if any other Linux distributions were tested.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/community/osor/news/ubuntu-highest-score-uk-gov-security-test |title=Ubuntu 'highest score' in UK gov security test |last1=Hillenius |first1=Gijs |date=20 January 2014 |website=JoinUp from the European Commission |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219174736/https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/community/osor/news/ubuntu-highest-score-uk-gov-security-test |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === 32-bit &quot;deprecation&quot; controversy ===<br /> In June 2019, Canonical announced that they would be deprecating support for 32-bit applications and libraries in Ubuntu 19.10.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> Because [[Steam (service)|Steam's]] Linux client depends on these 32-bit libraries, [[Valve Corporation|Valve]] announced that they would no longer be supporting Ubuntu. After uproar from the Linux gaming community, Canonical backtracked on this decision and decided to support select 32-bit libraries. As a result, Valve decided that Steam would support Ubuntu 19.10 again.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/canonical-returning-32-bit-ubuntu-linux-support-after-gaming-uproar/ |title=Canonical returns 32 bit Ubuntu Linux support after uproar. |last=Vaughan-Nichols |first=Stephen J. |date=24 June 2019 |publisher=[[ZDNet]] |access-date=7 July 2019 |archive-date=3 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703082015/https://www.zdnet.com/article/canonical-returning-32-bit-ubuntu-linux-support-after-gaming-uproar/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2019/06/24/canonical-ubuntu-linux-32-bit-support/?guccounter=1 |title=Canonical backtracks on pulling 32-bit support from Ubuntu Linux |last=Fisher |first=Christine |date=24 June 2019 |website=[[Engadget]] |access-date=7 July 2019 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111045038/https://www.engadget.com/2019-06-24-canonical-ubuntu-linux-32-bit-support.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Wine (software)|Wine]] needs most of the same 32-bit library packages that the Steam package depends on, and more, to enable its version of [[WoW64]] to run 32-bit Windows applications. The parts of Wine that would continue to function without 32-bit libraries would be limited to the subset of Windows applications that have a 64-bit version, removing decades of Windows compatibility. In Canonical's statement&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Statement on 32-bit i386 packages for Ubuntu 19.10 and 20.04 LTS|url=https://ubuntu.com/blog/statement-on-32-bit-i386-packages-for-ubuntu-19-10-and-20-04-lts|access-date=2020-07-19|website=Ubuntu|language=en|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808111807/https://ubuntu.com/blog/statement-on-32-bit-i386-packages-for-ubuntu-19-10-and-20-04-lts|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; on bringing back the libraries, they mentioned using &quot;container technology&quot; in the future to make sure that Wine continues to function.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> === Conformity with European data privacy law ===<br /> Soon after being introduced in 2012, doubts emerged on the conformance of the ''shopping lens'' (a feature that displays Amazon suggestions in the searching tool [[Unity Dash]]) with the European [[Data Protection Directive]].&lt;ref name=&quot;softpedia_2016-02-10&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-s-Shopping-Lens-Might-Be-Illegal-In-Europe-298143.shtml |title=Ubuntu's Shopping Lens Might Be Illegal in Europe |date=9 October 2012 |access-date=24 February 2016 |website=Softpedia.com |archive-date=14 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514132800/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-s-Shopping-Lens-Might-Be-Illegal-In-Europe-298143.shtml |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;omgubuntu_2016-02-10&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/10/does-ubuntus-amazon-lens-break-eu-law |title=Blogger Claims Ubuntu's New Shopping Lens Breaks EU Law |date=10 October 2012 |access-date=24 February 2016 |work=OMG! Ubuntu! |publisher=Ohso Ltd |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051130/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/10/does-ubuntus-amazon-lens-break-eu-law |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; A petition was later signed and delivered to Canonical demanding various modifications to the feature in order to clearly frame it within European law. Canonical did not reply.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> In 2013, a formal complaint on the shopping lens was filed with the [[Information Commissioner's Office]] (ICO), the UK data privacy office. Almost one year later the ICO ruled in favour of Canonical, considering the various improvements introduced to the feature in the meantime to render it conformable with the [[Data Protection Directive]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ateot_2_2016-02-10&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Sneddon|first=Joey|date=10 August 2014|title=Unity Shopping Lens Is Legal, Says UK Data Protection Body|url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/08/unity-shopping-lens-is-legal-says-ioc-uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112041000/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/08/unity-shopping-lens-is-legal-says-ioc-uk|archive-date=12 November 2020|access-date=8 February 2021|website=OMG! Ubuntu!}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to European rules, this ruling is automatically effective in the entirety of the European Union. However, the ruling also made clear that at the time of introduction the feature was not legal, among other things, since it was missing a privacy policy statement.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> === System terminal advertising controversies ===<br /> Ubuntu has integrated increasing quantities of advertising into the operating system's terminal, leading to multiple controversies with its user base.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> In 2017, Canonical placed a message regarding HBO's Silicon Valley in the [[Message of the day|MOTD]] file, causing the message to be shown whenever a terminal session started. Over the following years, more messages would be placed into the MOTD.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Popa |first=Bogdan |date=2020-06-26 |title=Canonical Under Fire for Putting Ads in the Ubuntu MOTD |url=https://news.softpedia.com/news/canonical-under-fire-for-putting-ads-in-the-ubuntu-motd-530372.shtml |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=softpedia |language=english}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2022, ads for Ubuntu's premium service, Ubuntu Advantage, were introduced into the apt system update utility. This move caused controversy in the user community, with some users considering advertising a fair business model to support development, while other users found the inclusion inappropriate and annoying.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Borisov |first=Bobby |date=2022-10-15 |title=Ubuntu Once Again Angered Users by Placing Ads in the Terminal |url=https://linuxiac.com/ubuntu-once-again-angered-users-by-placing-ads/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=Linuxiac |language=en-US |archive-date=1 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101110958/https://linuxiac.com/ubuntu-once-again-angered-users-by-placing-ads/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Local communities (LoCos) ==<br /> {{Distinguish|Linux User Group}}<br /> <br /> In an effort to reach out to users who are less technical, and to foster a sense of community around the distribution, Local Communities,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeams |title=Ubuntu Local Community Teams |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=27 April 2010 |archive-date=25 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225062242/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeams |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; better known as &quot;LoCos&quot;, have been established throughout the world. Originally, each country had one LoCo Team. However, in some areas, most notably the United States and Canada, each state or province may establish a team.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ubuntu LoCo Team Portal |url=http://loco.ubuntu.com/teams/ |access-date=9 November 2015 |work=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |archive-date=6 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106205449/http://loco.ubuntu.com/teams/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; A LoCo Council approves teams based upon their efforts to aid in either the development or the promotion of Ubuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Local Community (LoCo) Teams |url=http://loco.ubuntu.com/about-loco/ |access-date=9 November 2015 |work=LoCo.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |archive-date=31 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031050427/http://loco.ubuntu.com/about-loco/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Hardware vendor support ==<br /> <br /> Ubuntu works closely with OEMs to jointly make Ubuntu available on a wide range of devices.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubuntu Certified Hardware&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.dell.com/us/business/p/xps-13-linux/pd?~srd=true&amp;sk=Ubuntu&amp;scat=prod |title=XPS 13 Developer Edition |work=Dell.com |publisher=Dell Inc. |access-date=25 August 2014 |archive-date=3 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903133232/http://www.dell.com/us/business/p/xps-13-linux/pd?~srd=true&amp;sk=Ubuntu&amp;scat=prod |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; A number of vendors offer computers with Ubuntu pre-installed, including [[Dell]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/partners/dell |title=Dell and Ubuntu |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=21 August 2012 |archive-date=14 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814141402/http://www.ubuntu.com/partners/dell |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hasee]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.linux-community.de/Internal/Nachrichten/Guenstiges-Netbook-aus-China |title=Günstiges Netbook aus China |first=Marcel |last=Hilzinger |work=LinuxCommunity |access-date=7 April 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910011554/http://www.linux-community.de/Internal/Nachrichten/Guenstiges-Netbook-aus-China |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sharp Corporation]], and Cirrus7.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tiny PCs can be beautiful, the Cirrus7 Nimbini is one of those PCs |url=https://www.geek.com/chips/tiny-pcs-can-be-beautiful-the-cirrus7-nimbini-is-one-of-those-pcs-1620484/ |work=Geek.com |access-date=14 January 2016 |archive-date=20 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320150738/http://www.geek.com/chips/tiny-pcs-can-be-beautiful-the-cirrus7-nimbini-is-one-of-those-pcs-1620484/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Cirrus7 Nimbini – The Most Stylish Ubuntu PC Ever Made? |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/04/cirrus7-nimbini-ubuntu-pc-announced |work=OMG! Ubuntu! |date=15 April 2015 |publisher=Ohso Ltd |access-date=14 January 2016 |archive-date=11 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311040145/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/04/cirrus7-nimbini-ubuntu-pc-announced |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Specifically, [[Dell]] offers the XPS 13 laptop, Developer Edition with Ubuntu pre-installed.&lt;ref name=&quot;XPS 13&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.dell.com/us/business/p/xps-13-linux/pd? |title=XPS 13 Laptop, Developer Edition |work=Dell.com |publisher=Dell Inc. |access-date=16 November 2018 |archive-date=15 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015072247/http://www.dell.com/us/business/p/xps-13-linux/pd |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Together, Dell, Lenovo, HP, and Acer offer over 200 desktop and over 400 laptop PCs preloaded with Ubuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://certification.ubuntu.com/desktop/ |title=Ubuntu Desktop certified hardware {{!}} Ubuntu |last=Canonical |website=certification.ubuntu.com |access-date=31 May 2018 |archive-date=26 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526035334/https://certification.ubuntu.com/desktop/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[System76]] computers are also sold with Ubuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://system76.com/cart/configure/bonw13 |title=Bonobo WS |website=system76.com |access-date=31 May 2018 |archive-date=1 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901111753/https://system76.com/cart/configure/bonw13 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dell and System76 customers are able to choose between 30-day, three-month, and yearly Ubuntu support plans through Canonical.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/news/system76-certified-servers |title=System76 announces servers with Ubuntu 7.10 and Canonical support services |work=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=5 March 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301153610/https://www.ubuntu.com/news/system76-certified-servers |archive-date=1 March 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dell computers (running Ubuntu 10.04) include extra support for [[ATI Technologies|ATI]]/[[Advanced Micro Devices|AMD]] Video Graphics, Dell Wireless, [[Fingerprint Readers]], [[HDMI]], [[Bluetooth]], [[DVD-Video|DVD]] playback (using [[LinDVD]]), and [[MP3]]/[[Windows Media Audio|WMA]]/[[Windows Media Video|WMV]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://yourblog.dell.com/2008/07/18/dell-upgrades-consumer-linux-pcs-to-ubuntu-804/ |title=Dell Upgrades Consumer Linux PCs to Ubuntu 8.04 |work=YourBlog.Dell.com |publisher=Dell Inc. |access-date=13 September 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080802002510/http://yourblog.dell.com/2008/07/18/dell-upgrades-consumer-linux-pcs-to-ubuntu-804/ |archive-date=2 August 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Asus]] also sold some [[Asus Eee PC|Eee PCs]] with Ubuntu pre-installed and announced &quot;many more&quot; models running Ubuntu for 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2075819/asus-preload-ubuntu-linux-eee-pcs |title=Asus will preload Ubuntu Linux on three Eee PCs |work=[[The Inquirer]] |date=2 June 2011 |access-date=15 June 2011 |archive-date=9 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609231450/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2075819/asus-preload-ubuntu-linux-eee-pcs |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Woods |first=Ben |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/asus-preloads-eee-pc-models-with-ubuntu/ |title=Asus preloads Eee PC models with Ubuntu |work=[[ZDNet]] UK |publisher=CBS Interactive |date=3 June 2011 |access-date=28 January 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127133835/https://www.zdnet.com/article/asus-preloads-eee-pc-models-with-ubuntu/ |archive-date=27 January 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/Ubuntu-Eee-PC-Seashell-Netbooks-Canonical,12878.html |title=Asus Launching Eee PC Netbooks with Ubuntu |work=TomsHardware.com |first=Kevin |last=Parrish |date=3 June 2011 |access-date=15 June 2011 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111045036/https://www.tomshardware.com/news/Ubuntu-Eee-PC-Seashell-Netbooks-Canonical,12878.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Vodafone]] has made available a notebook for the South African market called &quot;Webbook&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/19/vodafone-brings-arm-and-ubuntu-together-for-south-african-webboo/ |title=Vodafone brings ARM and Ubuntu together for South African Webbook |work=Engadget |publisher=[[AOL]] |first=Terrence |last=O'Brien |date=19 October 2011 |access-date=20 October 2011 |archive-date=20 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020054912/http://www.engadget.com/2011/10/19/vodafone-brings-arm-and-ubuntu-together-for-south-african-webboo/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/10/the-ubuntu-powered-vodafone-webbook-launches-tomorrow/ |title=The Ubuntu Powered 'Vodafone Webbook' Launched |work=OMG! Ubuntu! |publisher=Ohso Ltd |date=18 October 2011 |first=Joey-Elijah |last=Sneddon |access-date=20 October 2011 |archive-date=20 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020120524/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/10/the-ubuntu-powered-vodafone-webbook-launches-tomorrow/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-11-10-Powered-Webbook-Sells-at-190-229168.shtml |title=Ubuntu 11.10 Powered Webbook Sells at $190 |work=News.Softpedia.com |publisher=SoftNews Net SRL |date=21 October 2011 |first=Marius |last=Nestor |access-date=21 October 2011 |archive-date=24 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024071037/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-11-10-Powered-Webbook-Sells-at-190-229168.shtml |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- Cleanup Required --&gt;<br /> <br /> Dell sells computers (initially Inspiron 14R and 15R laptops) pre-loaded with Ubuntu in India and China, with 850 and 350 retail outlets respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release |title=Dell launch with Ubuntu at retail in India |url=https://ubuntu.com/blog/canonical-and-dell-announce-today-that-dell-laptops-pre-loaded-with-ubuntu-will-be-sold-in-850-retail-outlets-in-india-2 |publisher=Canonical Ltd |date=18 June 2012 |access-date=28 January 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927130222/https://ubuntu.com/blog/canonical-and-dell-announce-today-that-dell-laptops-pre-loaded-with-ubuntu-will-be-sold-in-850-retail-outlets-in-india-2 |archive-date=27 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://blog.canonical.com/2012/06/18/dell-extends-ubuntu-retail-into-india/ |title=Dell Extends Ubuntu Retail into India |first=Mark |last=Murphy |date=18 June 2012 |work=Blog.Canonical.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=18 June 2012 |archive-date=19 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619001513/http://blog.canonical.com/2012/06/18/dell-extends-ubuntu-retail-into-india/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Starting in 2013, Alienware began offering its X51 model gaming desktop pre-installed with Ubuntu at a lower price than if it were pre-installed with Windows.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/04/05/alienware-x51-ubuntu/ |title=Alienware X51 gaming PC now available with Ubuntu, starts at $600 |work=Engadget |publisher=AOL |date=5 April 2013 |access-date=17 August 2013 |archive-date=8 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008221801/http://www.engadget.com/2013/04/05/alienware-x51-ubuntu/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> While Linux already works on IBM's mainframe system ([[Linux on IBM Z]]), IBM in collaboration with Canonical (and [[SUSE]]; &quot;[[Linux Foundation]] will form a new Open Mainframe Project&quot;) announced Ubuntu support for their [[z/Architecture]] for the first time (IBM claimed their system, [[IBM zEnterprise System]], version z13, the most powerful computer in the world in 2015;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release |title=IBM Launches z13 -- Most Powerful &amp; Secure System Ever Built |url=https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/45808.wss |date=2015-01-13 |website=www-03.ibm.com |language=en-US |access-date=2020-05-05 |archive-date=1 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801190835/https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/45808.wss |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; it was then the largest computer by transistor count; again claimed fastest in 2017 with [[IBM z14 (microprocessor)|IBM z14]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release |title=IBM Mainframe Ushers in New Era of Data Protection |url=https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/52805.wss |date=2017-07-17 |website=www-03.ibm.com |language=en-US |access-date=2020-05-05 |archive-date=1 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901132125/https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/52805.wss |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;), at the time of their &quot;biggest code drop&quot; (&quot;LinuxOne&quot;) in Linux history.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2422249/ibm-makes-biggest-code-drop-as-canonical-and-suse-tie-up-brings-linux-to-mainframes |title=IBM makes 'biggest code drop' as Canonical and Suse tie-up brings better Linux to mainframes: UbuntuOne brings industry standard tools to a mainframe environment |first=Chris |last=Merriman |date=17 August 2015 |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=18 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818050302/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2422249/ibm-makes-biggest-code-drop-as-canonical-and-suse-tie-up-brings-linux-to-mainframes |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In early 2015, Intel launched the [[Intel Compute Stick]] small form factor computer available preloaded with Ubuntu or Windows operating systems.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www-ssl.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-briefs/compute-stick-product-brief.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108223155/https://www-ssl.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-briefs/compute-stick-product-brief.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 January 2016 |title=Intel Compute Stick Product Brief |access-date=25 September 2015 |website=Intel.com |publisher=[[Intel]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Windows interoperability ==<br /> In March 2016, [[Microsoft]] announced that it would support the Ubuntu [[user space|userland]] on top of the [[Windows 10]] [[Kernel (operating system)|kernel]] by implementing the Linux [[system call]]s as [[Windows Subsystem for Linux|a subsystem]]. At the time, it was focused on [[command-line tool]]s like [[Bash (Unix shell)|Bash]] and was aimed at [[software developers]].&lt;ref name=&quot;M&amp;C&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-and-canonical-partner-to-bring-ubuntu-to-windows-10/ |title=Microsoft and Canonical partner to bring Ubuntu to Windows 10 |publisher=[[ZDNet]] |first=Steven J. |last=Vaughan-Nichols |date=29 March 2016 |access-date=8 June 2016 |archive-date=8 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608062402/http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-and-canonical-partner-to-bring-ubuntu-to-windows-10/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MSDN-bash&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/commandline/wsl/about |title=Bash on Ubuntu on Windows |work=MSDN |date=3 March 2017 |first=Jack |last=Hammons |access-date=13 June 2016 |archive-date=30 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130090401/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/commandline/wsl/about |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UonW&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/03/30/ubuntu-on-windows-the-ubuntu-userspace-for-windows-developers/ |title=Ubuntu on Windows – The Ubuntu Userspace for Windows Developers |last=Kirkland |first=Dustin |work=Ubuntu Insights |date=30 March 2016 |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=12 June 2016 |archive-date=11 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611182351/http://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/03/30/ubuntu-on-windows-the-ubuntu-userspace-for-windows-developers |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; WSL was made available with Windows 10, version 1709.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-subsystem-for-linux-graduates-in-windows-10-fall-creators-update/ |title=Windows Subsystem for Linux graduates in Windows 10 Fall Creators Update |publisher=[[ZDNet]] |first=Steven J. |last=Vaughan-Nichols |date=15 October 2017 |access-date=13 February 2018 |archive-date=18 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218061357/http://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-subsystem-for-linux-graduates-in-windows-10-fall-creators-update/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; As of 2019, other Linux distributions are also supported.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> In 2019, Microsoft announced the new WSL 2 subsystem that includes a [[Linux kernel]], that Canonical announced will have &quot;full support for Ubuntu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSL2&quot; /&gt; By this time, it was possible to run graphical Linux apps on Windows.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hoffman|first=Chris|date=1 March 2018|title=How to Run Graphical Linux Desktop Applications from Windows 10's Bash Shell|url=https://www.howtogeek.com/261575/how-to-run-graphical-linux-desktop-applications-from-windows-10s-bash-shell/|website=How-To Geek|publisher=Lifesavvy Media|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418050546/https://www.howtogeek.com/261575/how-to-run-graphical-linux-desktop-applications-from-windows-10s-bash-shell/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2021, Microsoft went on to add out-of-the-box support for graphical Linux apps, through the {{Not a typo|WSL|g}} project.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=21 April 2021|title=Microsoft enables Linux GUI apps on Windows 10 for developers|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/21/22396018/microsoft-windows-10-linux-gui-apps-task-manager-app-throttling-features|website=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520135132/https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/21/22396018/microsoft-windows-10-linux-gui-apps-task-manager-app-throttling-features|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Loewen|first=Craig|date=21 April 2021|title=The Initial Preview of GUI app support is now available for the Windows Subsystem for Linux|url=https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/the-initial-preview-of-gui-app-support-is-now-available-for-the-windows-subsystem-for-linux-2/|website=Windows Command Line Blog|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421170903/https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/the-initial-preview-of-gui-app-support-is-now-available-for-the-windows-subsystem-for-linux-2/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In May 2021, Microsoft extended its Threat and Vulnerability Management solution, which was a Windows-only solution thus far, to support Ubuntu, RHEL, and CentOS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jawad|first=Usama|date=12 May 2021|title=Microsoft Threat and Vulnerability Management now supports Linux|url=https://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-threat-and-vulnerability-management-now-supports-linux/|website=Neowin|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512060934/https://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-threat-and-vulnerability-management-now-supports-linux/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Besides, starting with version 6, [[PowerShell]] runs on Ubuntu and can manage both Windows and Ubuntu computers remotely from either platforms.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Comparison of Linux distributions]]<br /> {{Portal bar|Free and open-source software|Linux}}<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Sister project links|auto=1|d=y}}<br /> <br /> * {{Official website}}<br /> * {{DistroWatch|ubuntu|NAME=Ubuntu}}<br /> <br /> {{Ubuntu}}<br /> {{Linux distributions}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Ubuntu| ]]<br /> [[Category:2004 software]]<br /> [[Category:ARM Linux distributions]]<br /> [[Category:Debian-based distributions]]<br /> [[Category:Enterprise Linux distributions]]<br /> [[Category:Free software operating systems]]<br /> [[Category:Operating system distributions bootable from read-only media]]<br /> [[Category:Power ISA Linux distributions]]<br /> [[Category:PowerPC Linux distributions]]<br /> [[Category:PowerPC operating systems]]<br /> [[Category:X86-64 Linux distributions]]<br /> [[Category:ARM operating systems]]<br /> [[Category:Linux distributions]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&diff=435192 2023-10-17T02:27:41Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|Linux distribution developed by Canonical}} {{For-multi|the African philosophy|Ubuntu philosophy|other uses}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} {{Use British English|date=January 2023}} {{Infobox OS | name = Ubuntu | logo = File:Ubuntu-logo-2022.svg | screenshot = File:Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Desktop English.png | caption = Ubuntu 23.10 &quot;Mantic Minotaur&quot; | developer = Canonical Ltd. | family = Linux (Unix-like) |...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Linux distribution developed by Canonical}}<br /> {{For-multi|the African philosophy|Ubuntu philosophy|other uses}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox OS<br /> | name = Ubuntu<br /> | logo = File:Ubuntu-logo-2022.svg<br /> | screenshot = File:Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Desktop English.png<br /> | caption = Ubuntu 23.10 &quot;Mantic Minotaur&quot;<br /> | developer = [[Canonical (company)|Canonical Ltd.]]<br /> | family = [[Linux]] ([[Unix-like]])<br /> | working_state = Current<br /> | source_model = [[Open-source software|Open-source]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubuntu kernel sources&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=kernel.ubuntu.com |url=http://kernel.ubuntu.com/git/ |website=kernel.ubuntu.com |access-date=20 April 2018 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821121416/http://kernel.ubuntu.com/git/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubuntu archive&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Index of /ubuntu |url=http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ |website=archive.ubuntu.com |access-date=20 April 2018 |archive-date=11 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511162437/http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | released = [[Ubuntu version history#Ubuntu 4.10 (Warty Warthog)|Ubuntu 4.10]] (Warty Warthog) / {{Start date and age|2004|10|20|df=yes|paren=yes}}<br /> | latest release version = {{wikidata|qualifier|preferred|single|references|edit|Q381|P348|P548=Q2804309|P1638}}&lt;br&gt;{{wikidata|property|preferred|reference|edit|Q381|P348|P548=Q15726348}}<br /> | latest release date = {{Start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|preferred|single|Q381|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}}}}&lt;br&gt;{{Start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|preferred|single|Q381|P348|P548=Q15726348|P577}}}}<br /> | marketing target = [[Cloud computing]], [[personal computer]]s, [[Server (computing)|servers]], [[supercomputer]]s, [[Internet of things|IoT]]<br /> | language = More than 55 languages &lt;small&gt;by [[#Local communities (LoCos)|LoCos]]&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | updatemodel = [[Software Updater]], [[Ubuntu Software]], [[APT (software)|apt]]<br /> | package_manager = [[GNOME Software]], [[dpkg]] ([[APT (Debian)|APT]]), [[Snap (package manager)|Snap]] – graphical front-end: [[Snap Store]]<br /> | supported_platforms = {{bulleted list |[[x86-64]] |[[ARM64]] |[[RISC-V]] |[[ppc64le]] ([[POWER8]] and later) |[[s390x]]&lt;ref name=&quot;supported_hardware&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/installation |quote= Ubuntu 20.04 Server Edition [...] supports four 64-bit architectures: amd64, arm64, ppc64el, s390x |title=Installation |work=Ubuntu Server Documentation |year=2020 |publisher=Canonical Ltd. |access-date=1 January 2022 |archive-date=29 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129113254/https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/installation |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; |[[ARMhf]] ([[ARMv7]] + [[VFPv3-D16]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ubuntu.com/core/docs/supported-platforms |title=Supported platforms |work=Ubuntu Core Documentation |year=2020 |publisher=Canonical Ltd. |access-date=1 January 2022 |archive-date=1 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101153104/https://ubuntu.com/core/docs/supported-platforms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; }}<br /> | kernel_type = [[monolithic kernel|Monolithic]] ([[Linux kernel]])<br /> | userland = [[GNU Core Utilities|GNU]]<br /> | ui = [[GNOME]]<br /> | license = [[Free software]] + some [[proprietary software|proprietary]] [[device driver]]s&lt;ref name=&quot;kernelblobs&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.gnu.org/distros/common-distros.html#Ubuntu |title= Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems |publisher= [[Free Software Foundation]] |access-date= 14 July 2015 |archive-date= 24 April 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110424061731/http://www.gnu.org/distros/common-distros.html#Ubuntu |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | website = {{Official URL}}<br /> }}{{More citations needed|date=October 2023}}<br /> '''Ubuntu''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-Ubuntu pronunciation.oga|ʊ|ˈ|b|ʊ|n|t|uː}} {{respell|uu|BUUN|too}})&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/about |title=About the Ubuntu project |last=Canonical |website=Ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=28 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002843/https://www.ubuntu.com/about |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; is a [[Linux distribution]] based on [[Debian]] and composed mostly of [[free and open-source software]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/licensing |title=Licensing |last=Canonical |website=ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502140026/https://www.ubuntu.com/licensing |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/community/mission |title=Our mission |last=Canonical |website=ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502065850/https://www.ubuntu.com/community/mission |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/community/debian |title=Debian |last=Canonical |website=ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502065355/https://www.ubuntu.com/community/debian |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuntu is officially released in multiple editions: ''[[Desktop computer|Desktop]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/desktop |title=Ubuntu PC operating system |last=Canonical |website=Ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916063830/http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Server (computing)|Server]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/server |title=Ubuntu Server - for scale out workloads |last=Canonical |website=Ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=23 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223192409/https://www.ubuntu.com/server |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and ''Core''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/core |title=Ubuntu Core |last=Canonical |website=Ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=28 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002636/https://www.ubuntu.com/core |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; for [[Internet of things]] devices&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/internet-of-things |title=Ubuntu for the Internet of Things |last=Canonical |website=Ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=28 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002640/https://www.ubuntu.com/internet-of-things |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[robot]]s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://blog.ubuntu.com/2017/12/19/your-first-robot-a-beginners-guide-to-ros-and-ubuntu-core-1-5 |title=Your first robot: A beginner's guide to ROS and Ubuntu Core [1/5] |website=blog.ubuntu.com |access-date=16 August 2018 |archive-date=16 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816162257/https://blog.ubuntu.com/2017/12/19/your-first-robot-a-beginners-guide-to-ros-and-ubuntu-core-1-5 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/open-source-ubuntu-core-connects-robots-drones-and-smart-homes/ |title=Open source Ubuntu Core connects robots, drones and smart homes |first=Richard |last=Trenholm |publisher=CNET |access-date=16 August 2018 |archive-date=16 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816194428/https://www.cnet.com/news/open-source-ubuntu-core-connects-robots-drones-and-smart-homes/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; All of the editions can run on a computer alone, or in a [[virtual machine]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WSL2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Canonical announces support for Ubuntu on Windows Subsystem for Linux 2|url=https://blog.ubuntu.com/2019/05/06/canonical-announces-support-for-ubuntu-on-windows-subsystem-for-linux-2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529084731/https://blog.ubuntu.com/2019/05/06/canonical-announces-support-for-ubuntu-on-windows-subsystem-for-linux-2|archive-date=29 May 2019|access-date=2019-06-02|website=blog.ubuntu.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuntu is a popular [[operating system]] for [[cloud computing]], with support for [[OpenStack]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/openstack |title=OpenStack on Ubuntu is your scalable private cloud, by Canonical |last=Canonical |website=ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=28 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002409/https://www.ubuntu.com/openstack |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> An upgrade to Ubuntu is released every six months, with [[long-term support]] (LTS) releases every two years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Release_cadence |title=Releases - Ubuntu Wiki |website=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193700/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Release_cadence |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LTS |title=LTS - Ubuntu Wiki |website=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=5 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805085357/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LTS |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{As of|2023|October|}}, the most-recent release is [[Ubuntu version history#2310|23.10]] (&quot;Mantic Minotaur&quot;), and the current long-term support release is [[Ubuntu version history#2204|22.04]] (&quot;Jammy Jellyfish&quot;).<br /> <br /> Ubuntu is [[software development|developed]] by the British company [[Canonical (company)|Canonical]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/community/canonical |title=Canonical and Ubuntu |last=Canonical |website=ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=2 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502065338/https://www.ubuntu.com/community/canonical |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and a community of other developers, under a [[Meritocracy|meritocratic]] governance model.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/community/governance |title=Governance |last=Canonical |website=Ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=30 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430200635/https://www.ubuntu.com/community/governance |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Canonical provides security updates and support for each Ubuntu release, starting from the release date until the release reaches its designated [[end-of-life (product)|end-of-life]] (EOL) date.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Support_length |title=Releases - Ubuntu Wiki |website=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193700/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Support_length |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/info/release-end-of-life |title=Release end of life |last=Canonical |website=ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=20 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320144709/https://www.ubuntu.com/info/release-end-of-life |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Canonical generates revenue through the sale of premium services related to Ubuntu and donations from those who download the Ubuntu software.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/support |title=Support and management |last=Canonical |website=ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=28 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002712/https://www.ubuntu.com/support |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/support/plans-and-pricing |title=Plans and pricing |last=Canonical |website=Ubuntu.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=28 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002726/https://www.ubuntu.com/support/plans-and-pricing |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop/thank-you |title=Thank you for your contribution |last=Canonical |website=Ubuntu.com |access-date=25 August 2021 |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817131745/https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop/thank-you |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ubuntu is named after the [[Nguni people|Nguni]] philosophy of ''{{lang|xh|[[Ubuntu philosophy|ubuntu]]}}'', which Canonical indicates means &quot;humanity to others&quot; with a connotation of &quot;I am what I am because of who we all are&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Background ==<br /> {{See also|Ubuntu version history}}<br /> Ubuntu is built on [[Debian]]'s architecture and infrastructure, and comprises Linux server, desktop and discontinued phone and tablet operating system versions.&lt;ref name=&quot;ubuntu-about&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ubuntu and Debian |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/ubuntu-and-debian |work=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=14 December 2013 |archive-date=22 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222053933/http://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/ubuntu-and-debian |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuntu releases updated versions predictably every six months,&lt;ref name=&quot;about_ubuntu&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/project/about-ubuntu |title=About Ubuntu. The Ubuntu Story |work=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd. |access-date=21 August 2012 |archive-date=5 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105101448/http://www.ubuntu.com/project/about-ubuntu |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and each release receives free support for nine months (eighteen months prior to 13.04)&lt;ref name=&quot;omgubuntu.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/03/ubuntu-to-halve-support-window-for-regular-releases |title=Ubuntu To Halve Support Window for 'Regular' Releases |last=Sneddon |first=Joey-Elijah |work=OMG! Ubuntu! |publisher=Ohso Ltd |date=20 March 2013 |access-date=15 May 2013 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821121947/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/03/ubuntu-to-halve-support-window-for-regular-releases |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; with security fixes, high-impact bug fixes and conservative, substantially beneficial low-risk bug fixes.&lt;ref name=&quot;TBR&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/TimeBasedReleases |title=Time Based Releases |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=24 October 2013 |archive-date=5 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105074245/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/TimeBasedReleases |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The first release was in October 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2004-October/000003.html |title=Announcing Ubuntu 4.10 &quot;The Warty Warthog Release&quot; |author=Mark Shuttleworth |date=2004-10-20 |website=lists.ubuntu.com |access-date=2023-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Current [[long-term support]] (LTS) releases are supported for five years, and are released every two years. Since the release of Ubuntu 6.06, every fourth release receives long-term support.&lt;ref name=&quot;about_ubuntu&quot; /&gt; Long-term support includes updates for new hardware, security patches and updates to the 'Ubuntu stack' (cloud computing infrastructure).&lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/04/20/ubuntu_server_10_04/ |title=Ubuntu Server primed for the bigtime |last=Morgan |first=Timothy Prickett |work=[[The Register]] |date=20 April 2010 |access-date=24 October 2013 |archive-date=4 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004104124/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/04/20/ubuntu_server_10_04/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The first LTS releases were supported for three years on the desktop and five years on the server; since Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, desktop support for LTS releases was increased to five years as well.&lt;ref name=&quot;Canonical5yearLTS&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://fridge.ubuntu.com/2011/10/21/ubuntu-12-04-to-feature-extended-support-period-for-desktop-users/ |title=Ubuntu 12.04 to feature extended support period for desktop users |work=Fridge.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=1 November 2013 |archive-date=1 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101030551/http://fridge.ubuntu.com/2011/10/21/ubuntu-12-04-to-feature-extended-support-period-for-desktop-users/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul28May12&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/05/precision-and-purpose-ubuntu-12-04-and-the-unity-hud-reviewed |title=Precision and purpose: Ubuntu 12.04 and the Unity HUD reviewed |access-date=1 November 2013 |last=Paul |first=Ryan |date=28 May 2012 |work=[[Ars Technica]] |archive-date=23 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523200126/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/05/precision-and-purpose-ubuntu-12-04-and-the-unity-hud-reviewed/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;releases&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases |title=Releases |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=24 October 2013 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193700/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; LTS releases get regular point releases with support for new hardware and integration of all the updates published in that series to date.&lt;ref name=&quot;PointReleases&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/146 |title=The Art of Release |date=12 May 2008 |access-date=24 October 2013 |work=MarkShuttleworth.com |first=Mark |last=Shuttleworth |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029184036/http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/146 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ubuntu packages are based on [[Debian]]'s unstable branch, which are synchronised every six months. Both distributions use Debian's [[deb (file format)|deb]] [[Software package (installation)|package]] format and [[package management]] tools (e.g. [[Advanced Packaging Tool|APT]] and [[Ubuntu Software]]). Debian and Ubuntu packages are not necessarily [[binary compatible]] with each other, however, so packages may need to be rebuilt from [[Source code|source]] to be used in Ubuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MarkShuttleworth#What_about_binary_compatibility_between_distributions.3F |first=Mark |last=Shuttleworth |title=FAQs: Why and Whither for Ubuntu? What about binary compatibility between distributions? |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=4 February 2011 |archive-date=21 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221222056/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MarkShuttleworth#What_about_binary_compatibility_between_distributions.3F |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Many Ubuntu developers are also maintainers of key packages within Debian. Ubuntu cooperates with Debian by pushing changes back to Debian,&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-website/+bug/154274 |title=Website does not reference Debian visibly |work=Ubuntu Website Bug Tracking [Obsolete] |publisher=[[Canonical Group]] |via=[[Launchpad (website)|Launchpad]] |access-date=31 August 2010 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821114144/https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-website/+bug/154274 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; although there has been criticism that this does not happen often enough. [[Ian Murdock]], the founder of Debian, had expressed concern about Ubuntu packages potentially diverging too far from Debian to remain compatible.&lt;ref name=&quot;forking&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ianmurdock.com/debian/ubuntu-vs-debian-reprise/ |title=Ubuntu vs. Debian, reprise |date=20 April 2005 |access-date=21 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819164015/http://ianmurdock.com/debian/ubuntu-vs-debian-reprise/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Before release, packages are imported from [[Unstable (Debian)|Debian unstable]] continuously and merged with Ubuntu-specific modifications. One month before release, imports are [[Feature freeze|frozen]], and packagers then work to ensure that the frozen features interoperate well together.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> Ubuntu is currently funded by [[Canonical (company)|Canonical Ltd]]. On 8 July 2005, [[Mark Shuttleworth]] and Canonical announced the creation of the Ubuntu Foundation and provided initial funding of US$10&amp;nbsp;million. The purpose of the foundation is to ensure the support and [[Software development|development]] for all future versions of Ubuntu. Mark Shuttleworth describes the foundation goal as to ensure the continuity of the Ubuntu project.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2005-July/000025.html |title=Announcing Launch of ($10&amp;nbsp;m) Ubuntu Foundation |first=Benjamin Mako |last=Hill |date=8 July 2005 |access-date=19 August 2008 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203618/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2005-July/000025.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 12 March 2009, Ubuntu announced developer support for third-party [[Cloud computing|cloud]] management platforms, such as those used at [[Amazon EC2]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/news/rightscale-cloud-management |title=RightScale Adds Full Support for Ubuntu Server to Its Cloud Management Platform |date=12 March 2009 |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=4 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130145702/https://www.ubuntu.com/news/rightscale-cloud-management |archive-date=30 January 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[32-bit]] [[x86]] processors were supported up to Ubuntu 18.04. It was decided to support &quot;[[legacy software]]&quot;, i.e. select 32-bit i386 packages for Ubuntu 19.10 and 20.04 LTS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://ubuntu.com/blog/statement-on-32-bit-i386-packages-for-ubuntu-19-10-and-20-04-lts |title=Statement on 32-bit i386 packages for Ubuntu 19.10 and 20.04 LTS |website=Ubuntu |language=en |access-date=2019-10-06 |archive-date=9 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009140102/https://ubuntu.com/blog/statement-on-32-bit-i386-packages-for-ubuntu-19-10-and-20-04-lts |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Features ==<br /> <br /> A [[Default (computer science)|default]] installation of Ubuntu contains a wide range of software that includes [[LibreOffice]], [[Mozilla Firefox|Firefox]], [[Mozilla Thunderbird|Thunderbird]], [[Transmission (BitTorrent client)|Transmission]], and several lightweight games such as [[Sudoku]] and [[GNOME Mines|Mines]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Games/NativeFreeUbuntuGames |title=Games / Native Free Ubuntu Games |work=Ubuntu Community Help Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |date=25 June 2011 |access-date=2 May 2014 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502231948/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Games/NativeFreeUbuntuGames |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Apps/Games?action=show&amp;redirect=GnomeGames |title=Apps/Games – GNOME Wiki! |work=Wiki.GNOME.org |publisher=[[The GNOME Project]] |date=6 December 2013 |access-date=2 May 2014 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821114307/https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Apps/Games?action=show&amp;redirect=GnomeGames |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Many additional software packages are accessible from the built-in [[GNOME Software|Ubuntu Software]] (previously [[Ubuntu Software Center]]) as well as any other APT-based [[package management]] tools. Many additional software packages that are no longer installed by default, such as [[Evolution (software)|Evolution]], [[GIMP]], [[Pidgin (software)|Pidgin]], and [[Synaptic (software)|Synaptic]], are still accessible in the repositories and installable by the main tool or by any other APT-based package management tool. Cross-distribution [[Snappy (package manager)|snap packages]] and [[Flatpak]]s are also available,&lt;ref name=ars&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ubuntu 17.04 review: Don't call it abandonware, per se |work=Ars Technica |date=11 May 2017 |access-date=24 December 2017 |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/05/ubuntu-17-04-review-this-is-unitys-true-swan-song/ |archive-date=25 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225034836/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/05/ubuntu-17-04-review-this-is-unitys-true-swan-song/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; that both allow installing software, such as some of Microsoft's software, in most of the major Linux operating systems (such as any currently supported Ubuntu version and in [[Fedora (operating system)|Fedora]]). The default file manager is [[GNOME Files]], formerly called Nautilus.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> All of the application software installed by default is free software. In addition, Ubuntu redistributes some hardware drivers that are available only in binary format, but such packages are clearly marked in the restricted component.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/licensing |title=Licensing |website=ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=27 February 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110346/http://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/licensing |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ubuntu's default desktop changed back from the in-house [[Unity (user interface)|Unity]] to [[GNOME]] after nearly 6.5 years in 2017 upon the release of version [[Ubuntu version history#1710|17.10]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ubuntu |url=https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=ubuntu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030013233/https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=ubuntu |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=26 October 2020 |website=DistroWatch.com |language=en-US }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Security ==<br /> <br /> Ubuntu aims to be [[secure by default]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Security |url=https://ubuntu.com/security |website=Ubuntu |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808220950/https://ubuntu.com/security |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Security/Features - Ubuntu Wiki |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Security/Features |website=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808220920/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Security/Features |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; User programs run with [[Principle of least privilege|low privileges]] and cannot corrupt the operating system or other users' files. For increased security, the [[sudo]] tool is used to assign temporary privileges for performing administrative tasks, which allows the [[root account]] to remain locked and helps prevent inexperienced users from inadvertently making catastrophic system changes or opening security holes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RootSudo?highlight=%28sudo%29 |title=Root Sudo |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=19 August 2008 |archive-date=21 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221162133/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RootSudo?highlight=%28sudo%29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Polkit]] is also being widely implemented into the desktop.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> Most network ports are closed by default to prevent hacking.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DefaultNetworkServices#Service_discovery_processes |title=Default Network Services |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=2 October 2014 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006082741/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DefaultNetworkServices#Service_discovery_processes |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; A built-in [[Uncomplicated Firewall|firewall]] allows end-users who install network servers to control access. A [[GUI]] ([[Uncomplicated Firewall#GUIs for Uncomplicated Firewall|GUI for Uncomplicated Firewall]]) is available to configure it.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Gufw |title=Gufw |work=Ubuntu Community Help Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=4 February 2011 |archive-date=24 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124182952/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Gufw |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuntu compiles its packages using [[GNU Compiler Collection|GCC]] features such as [[Position-independent code|PIE]] and [[buffer overflow protection]] to [[Hardening (computing)|harden]] its software.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilerFlags |title=Compiler Flags |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=31 January 2011 |archive-date=26 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226022307/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilerFlags |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; These extra features greatly increase security at the performance expense of &lt;!-- 1% in [[x86|32-bit]] and --&gt; 0.01% in [[x86-64|64-bit]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://d-sbd.alioth.debian.org/www/ |title=Debian: Secure by Default |work=D-SbD.Alioth.Debian.org |publisher=Alioth Project |access-date=31 January 2011 |archive-date=3 November 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041103003535/http://d-sbd.alioth.debian.org/www/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ubuntu also supports full disk encryption&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FullDiskEncryptionHowto |title=FullDiskEncryptionHowto |work=Ubuntu Community Help Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=13 June 2016 |archive-date=2 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702030350/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FullDiskEncryptionHowto |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; as well as encryption of the home and private directories.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EncryptedHome |title=Encrypted Home |work=Ubuntu Community Help Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=7 April 2015 |archive-date=18 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318012629/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EncryptedHome |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Installation ==<br /> &lt;!-- [[File:Nexus S with Ubuntu.jpg|thumb|Ubuntu running on the [[Nexus S]], a [[smartphone]] that ran [[Android (operating system)|Android]] prior to Ubuntu]]<br /> --&gt;<br /> The system requirements vary among Ubuntu products. For the Ubuntu desktop release 22.04 LTS, a PC with at least 2&amp;nbsp;GHz [[multi-core processor|dual-core]] processor, 4&amp;nbsp;[[gigabyte|GB]] of [[random-access memory|RAM]] and 25&amp;nbsp;[[gigabyte|GB]] of free disk space is recommended.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Download Ubuntu Desktop |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop |access-date=26 June 2022 |work=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |url-status=live |archive-date=27 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427161553/https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop }}&lt;/ref&gt; For less powerful computers, there are other Ubuntu distributions such as [[Lubuntu]] and [[Xubuntu]]. Ubuntu also supports the [[ARM architecture]].&lt;ref name=&quot;supported_hardware&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;the_inquirer_ubuntu_arm&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2115929/ubuntu-1110-support-arm-chips-fight-red-hat |title=Ubuntu 11.10 will support ARM processors to take on Red Hat |work=The Inquirer |date=10 October 2011 |access-date=20 October 2011 |archive-date=5 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105121422/https://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2115929/ubuntu-1110-support-arm-chips-fight-red-hat |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ars_technica_ubuntu_1204&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2012/04/precise-pangolin-rolls-out-ubuntu-1204-released-introduces-unity-hud/ |title=Precise Pangolin rolls out: Ubuntu 12.04 released, introduces Unity HUD |date=26 April 2012 |access-date=7 July 2012 |first=Ryan |last=Paul |work=Ars Technica |archive-date=4 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704113915/http://arstechnica.com/business/2012/04/precise-pangolin-rolls-out-ubuntu-1204-released-introduces-unity-hud/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;phoronix_ubuntu_arm&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=MTA0NzA |title=Ubuntu's Already Making Plans For ARM in 2014, 2015 |first=Michael |last=Larabel |date=23 January 2012 |access-date=7 July 2012 |work=Phoronix.com |archive-date=2 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002141649/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=MTA0NzA |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/ubuntu-linux-bets-on-the-arm-server/9445 |first=Steven J. |last=Vaughan-Nichols |title=Ubuntu Linux bets on the ARM server |publisher=ZDNet |date=22 August 2011 |access-date=20 October 2011 |archive-date=12 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012221509/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/ubuntu-linux-bets-on-the-arm-server/9445 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is also available on [[Power ISA]],&lt;ref name=&quot;supported_hardware&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ubuntu for IBM POWER8 |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server/power8 |work=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=7 October 2015 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923120709/http://www.ubuntu.com/download/server/power8 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=MTA3MDc |title=Ubuntu Plans to Drop Non-SMP PowerPC Support |date=14 March 2012 |first=Michael |last=Larabel |access-date=7 July 2012 |work=Phoronix.com |archive-date=2 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002141552/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=MTA3MDc |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2007-February/000098.html |title=Technical Board Decision |date=February 2007 |access-date=13 June 2008 |work=Lists.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |archive-date=2 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302093120/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2007-February/000098.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; while older [[PowerPC]] architecture was at one point unofficially supported,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ports/releases/lucid/release/ |title=Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx) |work=CDimage.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=24 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100710193610/http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ports/releases/lucid/release/ |archive-date=10 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; and now newer [[Power ISA]] CPUs ([[POWER8]]) are supported. The [[x86-64]] (&quot;AMD64&quot;) architecture is also officially supported.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> [[Live image]]s are the typical way for users to assess and subsequently install Ubuntu. These can be downloaded as a disk image ([[ISO image|.iso]]) and subsequently burnt to a DVD or USB flash drive and then booted. Other methods include running the live version via [[UNetbootin]], or Startup Disk Creator (a pre-installed tool on Ubuntu, available on machines already running the OS) directly from a USB drive (making, respectively, a [[live DVD]] or [[live USB]] medium). Running Ubuntu in this way is slower than running it from a [[hard drive]], but does not alter the computer unless specifically instructed by the user. If the user chooses to boot the live image rather than execute an installer at boot time, there is still the option to then use an installer called [[Ubiquity (software)|Ubiquity]] to install Ubuntu once booted into the live environment.&lt;ref name=&quot;livecdinstall&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.easy-ubuntu-linux.com/ubuntu-installation-606-2.html |title=Installing Ubuntu from the Live CD |work=Easy-Ubuntu-Linux.com |publisher=Integrity Enterprises |access-date=19 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930141030/http://www.easy-ubuntu-linux.com/ubuntu-installation-606-2.html |archive-date=30 September 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Disk image]]s of all current and past versions are available for download at the Ubuntu web site.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubuntu Releases&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://releases.ubuntu.com/ |title=Releases.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=21 August 2012 |archive-date=8 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708181732/http://releases.ubuntu.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Additionally, [[USB flash drive]] installations can be used to boot Ubuntu and [[Kubuntu]] in a way that allows permanent saving of user settings and portability of the USB-installed system between physical machines (however, the computers' [[BIOS]] must support booting from USB).&lt;ref name=&quot;pendriveinstall&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.pendrivelinux.com/ubuntu-810-persistent-flash-drive-install-from-live-cd/ |title=Ubuntu 8.10 Persistent Flash Drive Installation |work=PenDriveLinux.com |date=16 October 2008 |access-date=5 September 2009 |archive-date=9 December 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209013124/http://www.pendrivelinux.com/ubuntu-810-persistent-flash-drive-install-from-live-cd/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In newer versions of Ubuntu, the [[Ubuntu Live USB creator]] can be used to install Ubuntu on a USB drive (with or without a live CD or DVD). Creating a bootable USB drive with [[persistence (computer science)|persistence]] is as simple as dragging a slider to determine how much space to reserve for persistence; for this, Ubuntu employs [[casper (persistency)|casper]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/casper-friendly-and-persistent-ghost |title=Casper, the Friendly (and Persistent) Ghost |work=[[Linux Journal]] |access-date=7 April 2015 |archive-date=10 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510145627/http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/casper-friendly-and-persistent-ghost |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/hardy/man7/casper.7.html |title=casper – a hook for initramfs-tools to boot live systems |work=Manpages.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=7 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328035250/http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/hardy/man7/casper.7.html |archive-date=28 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Package classification and support ==<br /> <br /> Ubuntu divides most software into four domains to reflect differences in licensing and the degree of support available.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubuntu Licensing&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/project/about-ubuntu/licensing |title=About Ubuntu: Licensing |work=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=26 July 2011 |archive-date=22 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722001347/http://www.ubuntu.com/project/about-ubuntu/licensing |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Some unsupported applications receive updates from community members known as &quot;Masters of the Universe&quot; (MOTU),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MOTU |title=MOTU - Ubuntu Wiki |website=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=7 July 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt; but not from Canonical Ltd.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !!! Free software<br /> ! Non-free software<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| Officially supported by Canonical<br /> | Main || Restricted<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| Community supported/Third party<br /> | Universe || Multiverse<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Free software includes software that has met the Ubuntu licensing requirements,&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubuntu Licensing&quot; /&gt; which roughly correspond to the [[Debian Free Software Guidelines]]. Exceptions, however, include [[firmware]], in the Main category, because although [[Binary blob|some firmware is not allowed to be modified]], its distribution is still permitted.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Firmware#Where_Do_You_Get_Firmware.3F |title=Kernel/Firmware - Ubuntu Wiki |website=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=1 June 2018 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821120807/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Firmware#Where_Do_You_Get_Firmware.3F |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Non-free software is usually unsupported (Multiverse), but some exceptions (Restricted) are made for important non-free software. Supported non-free software includes device drivers that can be used to run Ubuntu on some current hardware, such as binary-only [[graphics card]] [[Device driver|drivers]]. The level of support in the Restricted category is more limited than that of Main, because the developers may not have access to the [[source code]]. It is intended that Main and Restricted should contain all software needed for a complete desktop environment.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubuntu Licensing&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In addition to the above, in which the software [[Feature freeze|does not receive new features]] after an initial release, ''Ubuntu Backports'' is an officially recognized repository for [[backport]]ing newer software from later versions of Ubuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuBackports |title=Ubuntu Backports |work=Ubuntu Community Help Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=24 September 2010 |archive-date=3 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503051547/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuBackports |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The ''-updates'' repository provides stable release updates (SRU) of Ubuntu and are generally installed through update-manager. Each release is given its own -updates repository (e.g. intrepid-updates). The repository is supported by Canonical Ltd. for packages in main and restricted, and by the community for packages in universe and multiverse. All updates to the repository must meet certain requirements and go through the ''-proposed'' repository before being made available to the public.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates |title=Stable Release Updates |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=2 April 2009 |archive-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420195957/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Updates are scheduled to be available until the end of life for the release.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> In addition to the -updates repository, the unstable ''-proposed'' repository contains uploads that must be confirmed before being copied into -updates. All updates must go through this process to ensure that the patch does truly fix the bug and there is no risk of [[Software regression|regression]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates |title=SRU Verification |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=2 April 2009 |archive-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420195957/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Updates in -proposed are confirmed by either Canonical or members of the community.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> Canonical previously hosted a partner repository that let vendors of proprietary software deliver their products to Ubuntu users at no cost through the same familiar tools for installing and upgrading software.&lt;ref name=&quot;partner packaging&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.canonical.com/engineering-services/certification/application-packaging |title=Application packaging |work=Canonical.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=15 August 2010 |archive-date=30 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830233620/http://www.canonical.com/engineering-services/certification/application-packaging |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The software in the partner repository was officially supported with security and other important updates by its respective vendors. Canonical supported the packaging of the software for Ubuntu&lt;ref name=&quot;partner_packaging&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.canonical.com/engineering-services/certification/application-packaging |title=Application packaging |publisher=Canonical Ltd. |access-date=15 August 2010 |archive-date=30 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830233620/http://www.canonical.com/engineering-services/certification/application-packaging |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=723804 |title=Partner Repository Forum FAQ |first=Brian |last=Thomason |access-date=15 August 2010 |via=Ubuntu Forums |publisher=Canonical Ltd |archive-date=4 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004185630/https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=723804 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.canonical.com/support/services/support-features |title=Desktop support features |work=Canonical.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=15 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829103851/http://www.canonical.com/support/services/support-features |archive-date=29 August 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and provided guidance to vendors.&lt;ref name=&quot;partner packaging&quot; /&gt; However, in anticipation for the release of Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Canonical closed the partner repository, as the only package still hosted in it was [[Adobe Flash]], which would not be released with 22.04.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sneddon |first=Joey |date=2022-01-28 |title=Ubuntu is Axing the Partner Repo Nobody Uses |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/01/ubuntu-is-axing-the-partner-repo-nobody-uses |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=OMG! Ubuntu |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuntu developer Steve Langasek said in a development mailing list that he felt the &quot;Snap Store has matured to the point that I believe it supersedes the partner archive&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Langasek |first=Steve |date=Jan 27, 2022 |title=Proposed deprecation of the Canonical partner archive |url=https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel/2022-January/041816.html |access-date=2023-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Package Archives ===<br /> <br /> A ''Personal Package Archive'' (PPA) is a [[software repository]] for uploading source packages to be built and published as an [[APT (Package Manager)|Advanced Packaging Tool]] (APT) repository by [[Launchpad (website)|Launchpad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.launchpad.net/Packaging/PPA |title=Packaging/PPA - Launchpad Help |website=help.launchpad.net |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-date=19 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819050104/https://help.launchpad.net/Packaging/PPA |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; While the term is used exclusively within Ubuntu, Launchpad's host, [[Canonical (company)|Canonical]], envisions adoption beyond the Ubuntu community.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://blog.launchpad.net/ppa/personal-package-archives-for-everyone |title=Launchpad Blog |website=blog.launchpad.net |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-date=3 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903095729/http://blog.launchpad.net/ppa/personal-package-archives-for-everyone |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Third-party software ===<br /> <br /> Some third-party software that does not limit distribution is included in Ubuntu's multiverse component. The package ''[[ubuntu-restricted-extras]]'' additionally contains software that may be legally restricted, including support for [[MP3]] and [[DVD-Video|DVD]] playback, [[mscorefonts|Microsoft TrueType core fonts]], [[Sun Microsystems|Sun's]] [[Java virtual machine|Java runtime environment]], [[Adobe Systems|Adobe's]] [[Adobe Flash Player|Flash Player]] plugin, many common audio/video [[codec]]s, and unrar, an unarchiver for files compressed in the [[RAR (file format)|RAR file format]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> Additionally, third-party application suites are available for download via Ubuntu Software and the [[Snap store]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://shop.canonical.com/index.php?cPath=19 |title=Ubuntu Software Center |work=Shop.Canonical.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=27 May 2011 |archive-date=11 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811212235/http://shop.canonical.com/index.php?cPath=19 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; including many games such as [[Braid (video game)|Braid]], [[Minecraft]] and [[Oil Rush]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=David |last=Planella |url=http://developer.ubuntu.com/2011/12/top-10-ubuntu-software-centre-app-downloads-for-november/ |title=Top 10 Ubuntu Software Centre app downloads for November |work=Developer.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |date=December 2011 |access-date=29 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108174052/http://developer.ubuntu.com/2011/12/top-10-ubuntu-software-centre-app-downloads-for-november/ |archive-date=8 January 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; software for DVD playback and media codecs.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> == Releases ==<br /> {{For|further information on all Ubuntu releases, including older ones not covered here {{citation needed|date=October 2023}}|Ubuntu version history}}<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- Keep the table short and tidy. If you want more info go to the main article for releases. Otherwise the table will get deleted again. --&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- Template:Version is for version and release history. Documentation and examples: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Version. --&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;float:left; text-align:center; margin-left:1em; margin-right:0&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |+Currently supported releases<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Version<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Code name<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Release date<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | General support until<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Security support (ESM) until<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Ubuntu version history#1404|14.04 LTS]]<br /> | Trusty Tahr<br /> | 2014-04-17&lt;ref name=&quot;Kerner&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases |title=List of Releases |publisher=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=4 June 2019 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193700/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{Version|o|2019-04}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Kerner&quot;/&gt;<br /> | {{Version|co|2024-04}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Ubuntu version history#1604|16.04 LTS]]<br /> | Xenial Xerus&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=Mark |last=Shuttleworth |title=X marks the spot |url=http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/1479 |work=MarkShuttleworth.com |access-date=22 October 2015 |date=21 October 2015 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023012652/http://markshuttleworth.com/archives/1479 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | 2016-04-21&lt;ref name=&quot;ubuntu_insights_2016_04_21&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/04/20/canonical-unveils-6th-lts-release-of-ubuntu-with-16-04 |title=Canonical unveils 6th LTS release of Ubuntu with 16.04 |date=20 April 2016 |access-date=21 April 2016 |website=Ubuntu Insights |publisher=[[Canonical (company)|Canonical Ltd.]] |archive-date=22 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422073003/https://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/04/20/canonical-unveils-6th-lts-release-of-ubuntu-with-16-04 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{Version|o|2021-04}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Kerner&quot;/&gt;<br /> | {{Version|co|2026-04}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Ubuntu version history#1804|18.04 LTS]]<br /> | Bionic Beaver<br /> | 2018-04-26&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseSchedule |title=Bionic Release Schedule |publisher=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=16 November 2018 |archive-date=14 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214072006/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseSchedule |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{Version|o|2023-06}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://ubuntu.com/blog/18-04-end-of-standard-support |title=Time to prepare for Ubuntu 18.04 LTS End of Standard Support on 31 May 2023 |first=Lech |last=Sandecki | date=14 March 2023 |website=Ubuntu Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{Version|co|2028-04|show=}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Ubuntu version history#2004|20.04 LTS]]<br /> | Focal Fossa<br /> | 2020-04-23&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/10/ubuntu-20-04-release-features |title=Ubuntu 20.04 Release Date &amp; Planned Features (Updated) |date=2019-10-18 |website=OMG! Ubuntu! |language=en-US |access-date=2020-01-17 |archive-date=20 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120102637/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/10/ubuntu-20-04-release-features |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{Version|co|2025-04}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Ubuntu lifecycle and release cadence |url=https://ubuntu.com/about/release-cycle |website=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical |access-date=10 October 2019 |archive-date=9 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009222201/https://ubuntu.com/about/release-cycle |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{Version|co|2030-04}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Ubuntu version history#2204|22.04 LTS]]<br /> | Jammy Jellyfish&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/distro-info-data/0.43ubuntu1.9/+index|title=0.43ubuntu1.9 : distro-info-data package : Ubuntu|website=Launchpad|access-date=15 October 2021|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027175756/https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/distro-info-data/0.43ubuntu1.9/+index|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | 2022-04-21&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=|title=Releases - Ubuntu Wiki|url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Future|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507013814/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Future|archive-date=2021-05-07|access-date=2021-07-24|website=wiki.ubuntu.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{Version|co|2027-04}}<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{Version|co|2032-04}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Ubuntu version history#2304|23.04]]<br /> | Lunar Lobster<br /> | 2023-04-20<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{Version|co|2024-01}}<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{n/a|unavailable}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Ubuntu version history#2310|23.10]]<br /> | Mantic Minotaur<br /> | 2023-10-12<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{Version|c|2024-07}}<br /> | colspan=&quot;1&quot; {{n/a|unavailable}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;5&quot; | &lt;small&gt;{{Version|l|show=111100}}&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |}<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> Each Ubuntu release has a [[Software versioning|version number]] that consists of the year and month number of the release.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CommonQuestions#Ubuntu%20Releases%20and%20Version%20Numbers |title=Common Questions: Ubuntu Releases and Version Numbers |work=Ubuntu Community Help Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=24 November 2010 |archive-date=17 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517180549/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CommonQuestions#Ubuntu%20Releases%20and%20Version%20Numbers |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; For example, the first release was Ubuntu 4.10 as it was released on 20 October 2004.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> Ubuntu releases are also given [[alliteration|alliterative]] [[code name]]s, using an adjective and an animal (e.g. &quot;Xenial [[Xerus]]&quot;). With the exception of the first two releases, code names are in alphabetical order, allowing a quick determination of which release is newer, at least until restarting the cycle with the release of ''Artful Aardvark'' in October 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Development Code Names |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DevelopmentCodeNames |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=8 April 2011 |archive-date=4 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704080821/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DevelopmentCodeNames |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Commonly, Ubuntu releases are referred to using only the adjective portion of the code name; for example, the 18.04 LTS release is commonly known as &quot;Bionic&quot;. Releases are timed to be approximately one month after GNOME releases.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> Upgrades from one [[Long Term Support|LTS]] release to the next LTS release (e.g. Ubuntu 16.04 LTS to Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and then to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS) are supported,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes |title=Upgrade Notes: General Upgrade Information |work=Ubuntu Community Help Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=26 October 2010 |archive-date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522072522/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; while upgrades from non-LTS have only supported upgrade to the next release, regardless of its LTS status (e.g. Ubuntu 15.10 to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS). However, it is possible to skip an LTS upgrade, going straight from 16.04 LTS to 18.04.5 LTS, by waiting for a point release that supports such updating.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> LTS releases have optional extended security maintenance (ESM) support available, including 14.04 &quot;Trusty&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/12.04/ |title=Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS (Precise Pangolin) |website=releases.ubuntu.com |access-date=2019-05-11 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402044055/http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/12.04/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; that is otherwise out of public support, adding support for that version up to 2022,&lt;ref name=&quot;Kerner&quot;/&gt; later extended to a total of 10 years alongside 16.04 LTS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ubuntu 14.04 and 16.04 lifecycle extended to ten years|url=https://ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-14-04-and-16-04-lifecycle-extended-to-ten-years|access-date=2021-10-09|website=Ubuntu|language=en|archive-date=9 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009051508/https://ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-14-04-and-16-04-lifecycle-extended-to-ten-years|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Ubuntu version history#1010|Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat)]], was released on 10 October 2010 (10–10–10). This departed from the traditional schedule of releasing at the end of October in order to get &quot;the perfect 10&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/336 |title=Shooting for the Perfect 10.10 with Maverick Meerkat |first=Mark |last=Shuttleworth |date=2 April 2010 |work=MarkShuttleworth.com |access-date=8 June 2010 |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410150834/https://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/336 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and makes a playful reference to ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' books, since, in [[Binary numeral system|binary]], 101010 equals [[Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe and Everything|decimal 42]], the &quot;Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe and Everything&quot; within the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-marketing/2010-May/003987.html |title=ubuntu-marketing: 10.10.10 |first=Mark |last=Shuttleworth |date=11 May 2010 |work=Ubuntu Mailing Lists |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=4 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823100915/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-marketing/2010-May/003987.html |archive-date=23 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ubuntu (16.04.5 and later) requires a 2&amp;nbsp;GB or larger installation medium.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/16.04.5/ |title=Index of /releases/16.04.5 |website=releases.ubuntu.com |access-date=7 August 2018 |archive-date=8 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808012557/http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/16.04.5/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/14.04.5/ |title=Index of /releases/14.04.5 |website=releases.ubuntu.com |access-date=7 August 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170222065656/http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/14.04.5/|archive-date= 22 February 2017|url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, there is an option to install it with a Minimal CD.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/MinimalCD |title=Installation/MinimalCD |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=20 April 2018 |archive-date=10 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010053413/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/MinimalCD |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Clear}}<br /> <br /> == Variants ==<br /> {{See also|List_of_Linux_distributions#Ubuntu-based|l1=List of Linux distributions § Ubuntu-based}}<br /> [[File:UbuntuFamilyTree1210.svg|thumb|Ubuntu family tree{{dubious|date=December 2018}}&lt;!-- This image seems to fail to note the demise of some of the variants; e.g. Satanic Ubuntu was apparently last released in 2011. --&gt;]]<br /> <br /> Ubuntu Desktop (formally named as Ubuntu Desktop Edition, and simply called Ubuntu) is the variant officially recommended for most users. It is designed for desktop and laptop PCs and is officially supported by Canonical. A number of variants are distinguished simply by each featuring a different desktop environment, or, in the case of Ubuntu Server, no desktop.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubuntu Releases&quot; /&gt; [[LXQt]] and [[Xfce]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/329244:alternative-desktop-xfce4 |title=Lightweight Linux Desktop Alternative: Xfce |last=Wallen |first=Jack |work=Linux.com – The Source for Linux Information |access-date=7 April 2015 |archive-date=26 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626164401/https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/329244:alternative-desktop-xfce4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; are often recommended for use with older PCs that may have less memory and processing power available.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> === Official distributions ===<br /> <br /> Most Ubuntu editions and flavours simply install a different set of default packages compared to the standard Ubuntu Desktop. Since they share the same package repositories, all of the same software is available for each of them.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ubuntu flavours |url=https://ubuntu.com/download/flavours |website=Ubuntu |access-date=3 February 2021 |language=en |archive-date=22 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522151037/http://www.ubuntu.com/products/whatisubuntu/derivatives |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=UbuntuFlavors - Ubuntu Wiki |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuFlavors |website=wiki.ubuntu.com |access-date=3 February 2021 |archive-date=15 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415224252/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuFlavors |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuntu Core{{Efn|Ubuntu Core is a &quot;containerized&quot; version of Ubuntu. The goal of this Ubuntu edition is to provide a more: minimal; secure; maintainable operating system base that can be expanded by &quot;[[Snap (package manager)|snaps]]&quot;.}} is the sole exception as it only has access to packages in the [[Snap (package manager)|Snap]] Store.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Salter |first1=Jim |title=Containerize all the things with Ubuntu Core 20 |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/02/ubuntu-core-20-adds-secure-boot-with-hardware-backed-encryption/ |website=Ars Technica |publisher=Ars Technica |access-date=3 February 2021 |language=en-us |date=2 February 2021 |archive-date=2 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202232308/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/02/ubuntu-core-20-adds-secure-boot-with-hardware-backed-encryption/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Distribution<br /> !Description<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Edubuntu Icon.webp|48x48px]]<br /> |[[Edubuntu]]<br /> |Edubuntu, formerly Ubuntu Education Edition, is a flavour of Ubuntu that has been modified for education. It is designed for [[preschool]], [[Primary education|primary]], [[Secondary education|secondary]] and [[Tertiary education|tertiary]] educations through the installation of different packages.<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Kubuntu Icon.png|48x48px]]<br /> |[[Kubuntu]]<br /> |An Ubuntu flavour using the [[KDE]] interface instead of the [[GNOME]] (and Unity) interface used by Ubuntu Desktop.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://kubuntu.org/ |title=Kubuntu - Friendly Computing |access-date=6 May 2019 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224134055/https://kubuntu.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Lubuntu Icon.png|48x48px]]<br /> |[[Lubuntu]]<br /> |Lubuntu is an Ubuntu flavour that is &quot;lighter, less resource hungry and more energy-efficient&quot;, using the [[LXQt]] [[desktop environment]] (used [[LXDE]] before 18.10).&lt;ref name=&quot;Distrowatch11May09&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20090511#news |title=Another day, another Ubuntu derivative. |last=Smart |first=Chris |date=May 2009 |access-date=21 May 2009 |archive-date=21 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121065012/http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20090511#news |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LXDEBlog&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://blog.lxde.org/?p=208 |title=Lubuntu? LXDE Meet up with Mark Shuttleworth in Berlin |last=[[LXDE]] |date=February 2009 |access-date=21 May 2009 |archive-date=24 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224015352/http://blog.lxde.org/?p=208 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://lubuntu.net/ |title=lubuntu |website=lubuntu |access-date=6 May 2019 |archive-date=21 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221225231/https://lubuntu.net/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Ubuntu Core<br /> |An Ubuntu edition focussed on IoT and embedded systems. It has no graphical interface, and only allows access over SSH. Unlike other variants, it does not use the traditional apt package manager but relies entirely on [[Snap (package manager)|Snap]] packages.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; It is designed to be configured via ''model assertions'' which are text documents defining which Snap packages and configurations apply to the OS image.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Proven |first=Liam |date=17 June 2022 |title=Ubuntu releases Core 22: Its IoT and edge distr |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/06/17/ubuntu_core_22/ |url-status=live |website=The Register |access-date=19 June 2022 |archive-date=19 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619102229/https://www.theregister.com/2022/06/17/ubuntu_core_22/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Ubuntu Budgie Icon.png|48x48px]]<br /> |[[Ubuntu Budgie]]<br /> |An Ubuntu flavour using [[Budgie (desktop environment)|Budgie]].<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:UbuntuCinnamon.png|48x48px|Cinnamon-logo]]<br /> |[[Ubuntu Cinnamon]]<br /> |An Ubuntu flavour using [[Linux Mint|Linux Mint's]] [[Cinnamon (desktop environment)|Cinnamon desktop]]. Formerly known as Ubuntu Cinnamon Remix.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ubuntu Cinnamon Remix {{!}} Ubuntu Cinnamon Remix, traditionally modern |url=https://ubuntucinnamon.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103175528/https://ubuntucinnamon.org/ |archive-date=3 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-03 |website=Ubuntu Cinnamon Remix |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sneddon |first=Joey |date=2023-03-28 |title=Ubuntu Cinnamon Now Official Ubuntu Flavour |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2023/03/ubuntu-cinnamon-new-official-flavor |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=OMG! Ubuntu! |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Ubuntu Kylin Icon.png|48x48px]]<br /> |[[Ubuntu Kylin]]<br /> |An Ubuntu flavour aimed at the Chinese market.<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Ubuntu MATE Icon.png|48x48px]]<br /> |[[Ubuntu MATE]]<br /> |An Ubuntu flavour using [[MATE (software)|MATE]], a desktop environment forked from the now-defunct GNOME 2 code base, with an emphasis on the [[desktop metaphor]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Sneddon01Mar15&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/02/ubuntu-15-04-beta-downloads-now-live-ubuntu-mate-made-an-official-flavor |title=Ubuntu 15.04 Beta Available to Download, Ubuntu MATE Is Now An Official Flavor |last=Sneddon |first=Joey |date=1 March 2015 |work=OMG Ubuntu |access-date=1 March 2015 |archive-date=17 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317051604/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/02/ubuntu-15-04-beta-downloads-now-live-ubuntu-mate-made-an-official-flavor |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Ubuntu and Ubuntu Server Icon.png|48x48px]]<br /> |Ubuntu Server<br /> |Ubuntu has a [[Server (computing)|server]] edition&lt;ref name=&quot;ubuntu-server&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ubuntu.com/server |title=Ubuntu Server - for scaleout workloads |access-date=30 October 2019 |archive-date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522065522/https://www.ubuntu.com/server |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes?_ga=2.208102746.998804565.1572421923-262180758.1561889001 |title=BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes |website=Ubuntu Wiki |access-date=30 October 2019 |archive-date=17 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817191955/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes?_ga=2.208102746.998804565.1572421923-262180758.1561889001 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; that uses the same APT repositories as the Ubuntu Desktop Edition. The differences between them are the absence of an [[X Window System|X Window environment]] in a default installation of the server edition (although one can easily be installed, including GNOME, KDE, Unity or Xfce), and some alterations to the installation process.&lt;ref name=&quot;PrepInstall&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://help.ubuntu.com/16.04/serverguide/preparing-to-install.html |title=Preparing to Install |work=Ubuntu Official Documentation |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=11 June 2013 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821114248/https://help.ubuntu.com/16.04/serverguide/preparing-to-install.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The server edition uses a screen-mode, [[Text-based user interface|character-based interface]] for the installation, instead of a graphical installation process. This enables installation on machines with a serial or &quot;dumb terminal&quot; interface without graphics support.<br /> <br /> The server edition (like the desktop version) supports [[hardware virtualization]] and can be run in a [[virtual machine]], either inside a host operating system or in a [[hypervisor]], such as [[VMware]] [[ESXi]], [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]], [[Citrix Systems|Citrix]] [[XenServer]], [[Microsoft]] [[Hyper-V]], [[QEMU]], a [[Kernel-based Virtual Machine]], or any other [[IBM PC compatible]] emulator or virtualizer. [[AppArmor]] security module for the [[Linux kernel]] is used by default on key software packages, and the [[Firewall (computing)|firewall]] is extended to common services used by the operating system.<br /> <br /> * Runs on all major ([[64-bit computing|64-bit]]) architectures{{snd}} [[x86-64]], [[ARM v7]]&lt;!--is actually (mistakenly?) listed in official server info on 20.04. Only version 8 is 64-bit, but it can run 32-bit ARMv7 code, probably what's meant here--&gt;, [[ARM64]], [[POWER8]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server/arm |title=Ubuntu Server for ARM |quote=Ubuntu 20.04 LTS includes support for the very latest ARM-based server systems powered by certified 64-bit processors. [...] &lt;!--<br /> Develop and test using over 50,000 software packages and runtimes — including Go, Java, JavaScript, PHP, Python and Ruby — and deploy at scale using our complete scale-out management suite including MAAS and Juju.--&gt; Ubuntu delivers server-grade performance on ARM |access-date=11 October 2016 |archive-date=11 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011233553/https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server/arm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and later, &lt;!-- official docs only says POWER9, likely to emphasize runs on too? --&gt;[[IBM System z]] mainframes via [[LinuxONE]],&lt;ref name=&quot;server&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/server |title=What's new in 16.04 LTS |year=2016 |work=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=13 June 2016 |archive-date=23 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223192409/https://www.ubuntu.com/server |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and has initial support for [[RISC-V]]. [[SPARC]] is no longer commercially supported nor are Ubuntu (Server) versions for 32-bit [[x86]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ubuntu Extended Security Maintenance {{!}} Security|url=https://ubuntu.com/security/esm|access-date=2021-07-14|website=Ubuntu|language=en|archive-date=12 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712040355/https://ubuntu.com/security/esm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Supports [[ZFS]], a file system with snapshot capabilities, since Ubuntu 16.04&amp;nbsp;LTS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2016-April/000207.html |title=Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus) released |author=Adam Conrad |date=21 April 2016 |work=lists.ubuntu.com |access-date=5 June 2017 |archive-date=3 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603235252/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2016-April/000207.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;phoronix-Ubuntu16.04-ZFS&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=ubuntu-xenial-zfs&amp;num=1 |title=Taking ZFS for a Test Drive on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS |last=Larabel |first=Michael |work=Phoronix.com |access-date=25 April 2016 |archive-date=25 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425064534/http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=ubuntu-xenial-zfs&amp;num=1 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://github.com/zfsonlinux/zfs |title=zfs: ZFS on Linux - the official OpenZFS implementation for Linux |date=6 June 2017 |via=GitHub |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-date=14 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314065738/https://github.com/zfsonlinux/zfs |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Has LXD, a hypervisor to manage [[LXC]] Linux [[Operating-system-level virtualization|containers]].<br /> * Includes the first production release of [[DPDK]] for line-speed kernel networking.<br /> * Uses the latest long-term release Linux kernel and [[systemd]] service manager.<br /> * Is certified as a guest on [[Amazon Web Services|AWS]], [[Microsoft Azure]], [[Joyent]], [[IBM cloud computing|IBM]] and [[HP Cloud]].&lt;ref name=&quot;server&quot; /&gt;<br /> * [[Netplan]] support&lt;ref name=&quot;ubuntu-server&quot;/&gt; (available since Ubuntu 16.04 LTS)<br /> * [[Snappy (package manager)|snap]] package manager<br /> * [[Logical Volume Manager (Linux)|LVM]] encryption support<br /> <br /> It has &lt;!--up-to-date--&gt; versions of key server software pre-installed, including Tomcat&lt;!-- (v8)--&gt;, PostgreSQL (v12.2), Docker&lt;!--v(1.10)--&gt;, Puppet&lt;!-- (v3.8.5)--&gt;, Python (v3.9), PHP (v8.0), &lt;!--Qemu (v4.2), Libvirt (v6.0), LXC (v2.0),--&gt; NGINX (v1.17), and MySQL (v8.0).<br /> <br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Ubuntu Studio Icon.png|48x48px]]<br /> |[[Ubuntu Studio]]<br /> |Based on Ubuntu, providing open-source applications for multimedia creation aimed at the audio, video and graphic editors. This release uses the [[KDE Plasma 5]] desktop environment, previously used [[Xfce]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ubuntustudio.org/ |title=Ubuntu Studio |access-date=17 October 2018 |archive-date=7 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307102013/http://ubuntustudio.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Ubuntu_Unity_Logo.png|48x48px|Ubuntu Unity Logo]]<br /> |[[Ubuntu Unity]]<br /> |An Ubuntu flavour using [[Unity (user interface)|Unity 7]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ubuntu Unity |url=https://ubuntuunity.org/ |access-date=2022-01-03 |website=ubuntuunity.org |archive-date=20 June 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200620201816/https://ubuntuunity.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ubuntu Unity Becoming An Official Flavor With 22.10 Release |url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/Ubuntu-Unity-22.10-Official |access-date=2022-10-22 |website=www.phoronix.com |language=en |archive-date=22 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022000933/https://www.phoronix.com/news/Ubuntu-Unity-22.10-Official |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Proven |first=Liam |date=20 October 2022 |title=Ubuntu has a new remix in the family: Unity |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/10/20/ubuntu_2210_kinetic_kudu/ |access-date=2022-10-22 |website=[[The Register]] |language=en |archive-date=22 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022134739/https://www.theregister.com/2022/10/20/ubuntu_2210_kinetic_kudu/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Xubuntu Icon.png|48x48px]]<br /> |[[Xubuntu]]<br /> |An Ubuntu flavour using [[Xfce]]. Xubuntu is intended for use on less-powerful computers or those who seek a highly efficient desktop environment on faster systems, and uses mostly [[GTK]] applications.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://xubuntu.org/ |title=Xubuntu |website=xubuntu.org |access-date=6 May 2019 |archive-date=22 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122072947/http://www.xubuntu.org/get |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Ubuntu had some official distributions that have been discontinued, such as [[Gobuntu]]; including some previously supported by Canonical, like [[Ubuntu Touch]], that is now maintained by volunteers (UBports Community).<br /> <br /> === Unofficial distributions ===<br /> <br /> Alongside the official flavours are those that are unofficial. These are still in the process of becoming recognized as official flavours by Canonical.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Pablinux|date=2019-09-23|title=Ubuntu Cinnamon, probably official flavor in the coming months|url=https://www.linuxadictos.com/en/have-you-found-out-that-ubuntu-cinnamon-is-likely-to-become-official-flavor.html|access-date=2022-01-03|website=Linux Adictos|language=en|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103175528/https://www.linuxadictos.com/en/have-you-found-out-that-ubuntu-cinnamon-is-likely-to-become-official-flavor.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Nestor|first=Marius|date=2021-10-14|title=Ubuntu Unity 21.10 Released to Keep the Unity7 Desktop Alive in 2021|url=https://9to5linux.com/ubuntu-unity-21-10-released-to-keep-the-unity-desktop-alive-in-2021|access-date=2022-01-03|website=9to5Linux|language=en-US|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103175527/https://9to5linux.com/ubuntu-unity-21-10-released-to-keep-the-unity-desktop-alive-in-2021|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Distribution<br /> !Description<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:UbuntuDDE Icon.png|alt=Deepin-logo|48x48px|Deepin logo]]<br /> |UbuntuDDE<br /> |An unofficial Ubuntu flavour using [[Deepin Desktop Environment]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UbuntuDDE - Your Beautiful Ubuntu Linux Distribution |url=https://ubuntudde.com/ |access-date=2022-10-30 |language=en-US |archive-date=10 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510204814/https://ubuntudde.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Ubuntu Web<br /> |An unofficial Ubuntu flavour using [[GNOME|GNOME Desktop Environment]], with the focus on web applications.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ubuntu Web Remix - A powerful free/libre web OS. |url=https://ubuntu-web.org/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |language=en-US |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228122737/https://ubuntu-web.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Cloud computing ===<br /> [[File:Ubuntu Orange Box-Fossetcon 12.09.2014.jpg|thumb|Cloud Ubuntu Orange Box|alt=]]Ubuntu offers Ubuntu Cloud Images which are pre-installed disk images that have been customized by Ubuntu engineering to run on cloud-platforms such as [[Amazon EC2]], [[OpenStack]], [[Microsoft Azure]] and [[LXC]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/ |title=Ubuntu Cloud Images |work=Cloud-images.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |date=6 February 2014 |access-date=6 February 2014 |archive-date=17 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217202610/http://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuntu is also prevalent on [[Virtual private server|VPS]] platforms such as [[DigitalOcean]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.digitalocean.com/blog_posts/where-do-droplets-form |title=Where ''Do'' Droplets Form? |work=DigitalOcean Company Blog |publisher=[[DigitalOcean]] |date=2 January 2014 |access-date=6 February 2014 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222002531/https://www.digitalocean.com/blog_posts/where-do-droplets-form |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Eucalyptus full.jpg|thumb|Eucalyptus interface]]<br /> Ubuntu has support for OpenStack, with Eucalyptus to OpenStack migration tools added by Canonical.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/canonical-switches-to-openstack-for-ubuntu-linux-cloud/8875 |title=Canonical switches to OpenStack for Ubuntu Linux cloud |publisher=ZDNet |date=10 May 2011 |access-date=10 October 2011 |archive-date=12 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012224524/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/canonical-switches-to-openstack-for-ubuntu-linux-cloud/8875 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Prickett |first=Timothy |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/05/10/canonical_ubuntu_openstack/ |title=Ubuntu eats OpenStack for clouds |work=[[The Register]] |date=10 May 2011 |access-date=10 October 2011 |archive-date=9 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009040603/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/05/10/canonical_ubuntu_openstack/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ubuntu version history#1110|Ubuntu 11.10]] added focus on OpenStack as the Ubuntu's preferred [[IaaS]] offering though Eucalyptus is also supported. Another major focus is [[Juju (software)|Canonical Juju]] for provisioning, deploying, hosting, managing, and orchestrating enterprise data center infrastructure services, by, with, and for the Ubuntu Server.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite interview |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUv5vwHMPk0 |title=Dustin Kirkland of Canonical |first=Dustin |last=Kirkland |interviewer=Barton George |publisher=[[Dell Inc.]] |via=YouTube |date=7 June 2011 |location=Cloud Expo, New York City |access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-date=8 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108223155/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUv5vwHMPk0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ServerTeam/Orchestra |title=ServerTeam: Orchestra |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |date=4 January 2012 |access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416204350/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ServerTeam/Orchestra |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Adoption and reception ==<br /> === Installed base ===<br /> <br /> As Ubuntu is distributed freely and historically there was no registration process (still optional&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WikiGuide/Registration - Community Help Wiki|url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WikiGuide/Registration|access-date=2020-11-17|website=help.ubuntu.com|archive-date=22 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922102737/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WikiGuide/Registration|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=software installation - Why does Ubuntu require us to register an account on Ubuntu website to be able to install a Snap package?|url=https://askubuntu.com/questions/773609/why-does-ubuntu-require-us-to-register-an-account-on-ubuntu-website-to-be-able-t|access-date=2020-11-17|website=Ask Ubuntu|archive-date=19 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319110136/http://askubuntu.com/questions/773609/why-does-ubuntu-require-us-to-register-an-account-on-ubuntu-website-to-be-able-t|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;), Ubuntu usage can only be roughly estimated.&lt;ref name=&quot;Michael Kerner&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.linuxplanet.com/linuxplanet/reports/7032/1/ |title=Ubuntu Claims 12 Million Users as Lucid Linux Desktop Nears |first=Sean Michael |last=Kerner |date=7 April 2010 |work=LinuxPlanet.com |access-date=7 April 2010 |archive-date=10 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410164921/http://www.linuxplanet.com/linuxplanet/reports/7032/1 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2015, Canonical's Ubuntu Insights page stated &quot;Ubuntu now has over 40&amp;nbsp;million desktop users and counting&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://insights.ubuntu.com/about/ |title=About Ubuntu Insights |work=Insights.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906185403/http://insights.ubuntu.com/about/ |archive-date=6 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> W3Techs Web Technology Surveys estimated in November 2020 that:<br /> * Ubuntu is by far the most popular [[Linux distribution]] for running [[web server]]s; of the websites they analyze it is &quot;used by 47.3% of all the websites who use Linux&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;Q-Success&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Usage Statistics and Market Share of Linux for Websites, November 2020|url=https://w3techs.com/technologies/details/os-linux|access-date=2020-11-17|website=w3techs.com|archive-date=1 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001013143/https://w3techs.com/technologies/details/os-linux|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Ubuntu alone powers more websites than [[Microsoft Windows]], which powers 28.2% of all websites, or 39% of the share Unix has (which includes Linux and thus Ubuntu). All Linux/Unix distributions in total power well over twice the number of hosts as Windows for websites based on W3Techs numbers. Ubuntu and Debian only (which Ubuntu is based on, with the same package manager and thus administered the same way) make up 65% of all Linux distributions for web serving use; the usage of Ubuntu surpassed Debian (for such [[Server (computing)|server]] use) in May 2016.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> * Ubuntu is the most popular Linux distribution among the top 1,000 sites and gains around 500 of the top 10&amp;nbsp;million websites per day.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://w3techs.com/blog/entry/debian_ubuntu_extend_the_dominance_in_the_linux_web_server_market_at_the_expense_of_red_hat_centos |title=Debian/Ubuntu extend the[ir] dominance in the Linux web server market at the expense of Red Hat/CentOS |work=W3Techs |publisher=Q-Success |date=21 October 2013 |access-date=10 September 2016 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111045036/https://w3techs.com/blog/entry/debian_ubuntu_extend_the_dominance_in_the_linux_web_server_market_at_the_expense_of_red_hat_centos |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--&quot;Ubuntu&quot; is not strictly in source, just &quot;Debian/Ubuntu&quot;, but is an old one?!--&gt;<br /> &lt;!--<br /> This number they quote, is only a lower bound, as more than half of Unix-like is unknown, all numbers could be more than double those, and only that number is true if none of the unknown is Ubuntu:<br /> * Ubuntu is used by 12.8% of all websites analyzed, growing from less than 7% in October 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://w3techs.com/technologies/details/os-ubuntu/all/all |title=Usage statistics and market share of Ubuntu for websites |work=W3Techs |publisher=Q-Success |date=April 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> <br /> W3Techs analyses the top 10&amp;nbsp;million websites only.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://w3techs.com/technologies |title=Web Technologies Statistics and Trends |work=W3Techs |publisher=Q-Success |access-date=11 September 2016 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111042558/https://w3techs.com/technologies |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!-- It considers Linux a subcategory of [[Unix]] and estimated in the same month that 66.7% of the analyzed websites use Unix, under that broad definition.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://w3techs.com/technologies/details/os-unix/all/all |title=Usage statistics and market share of Unix for websites |work=W3Techs |publisher=Q-Success |date=September 2016 |access-date=11 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; --&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Wikimedia Foundation]] data (based on [[user agent]]) for September 2013 shows that Ubuntu generated the most page requests to Wikimedia sites, including Wikipedia, among recognizable Linux distributions.&lt;ref name=&quot;wikimedia-stats&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/archive/squid_reports/2013-09/SquidReportOperatingSystems.htm |title=Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report&amp;nbsp;– Operating Systems |last=Zachte |first=Eric |work=Wikimedia Statistics |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]] |date=September 2013 |access-date=25 October 2013 |archive-date=28 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028025246/http://stats.wikimedia.org/archive/squid_reports/2013-09/SquidReportOperatingSystems.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tale_two_distros&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.zdnet.com/a-tale-of-two-distros-ubuntu-and-linux-mint-3040095012/ |title=A tale of two distros: Ubuntu and Linux Mint |date=10 February 2012 |access-date=25 October 2013 |first=Terry |last=Relph-Knight |publisher=ZDNet |archive-date=16 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016223722/http://www.zdnet.com/a-tale-of-two-distros-ubuntu-and-linux-mint-3040095012/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{As of|November 2020}}, Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS is used in a [[supercomputer]] on the [[TOP500]] list, currently the fifth-fastest one in the world&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Selene - NVIDIA DGX A100, AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz, NVIDIA A100, Mellanox HDR Infiniband {{!}} TOP500|url=https://www.top500.org/system/179842/|access-date=2020-11-17|website=www.top500.org|archive-date=13 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113053132/https://www.top500.org/system/179842/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; after an upgrade from seventh place, where it entered the list in June. Another Nvidia supercomputer tops the [[Green500]] list (and it and the next one are also Ubuntu-based), a list which is a reordering of former list, ordered by power-efficiency.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=November 2020 {{!}} TOP500|url=https://www.top500.org/lists/green500/2020/11/|access-date=2020-11-17|website=www.top500.org|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116223035/https://www.top500.org/lists/green500/2020/11/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the TOP500 list, that supercomputer is ranked 172nd.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NVIDIA DGX SuperPOD - NVIDIA DGX A100, AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz, NVIDIA A100, Mellanox HDR Infiniband {{!}} TOP500|url=https://www.top500.org/system/179910/|access-date=2020-11-17|website=www.top500.org|archive-date=17 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117140346/https://www.top500.org/system/179910/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Large-scale deployments ===<br /> <br /> The public sector has also adopted Ubuntu. {{As of|2009|January}}, the Ministry of Education and Science of [[North Macedonia]] deployed more than 180,000&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=A Software Populist Who Doesn't Do Windows |first=Ashlee |last=Vance |author-link=Ashlee Vance |newspaper=The New York Times |date=10 January 2009 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/11/business/11ubuntu.html?_r=2&amp;th&amp;emc=th |access-date=22 February 2009 |archive-date=12 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232859/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/11/business/11ubuntu.html?_r=2&amp;th&amp;emc=th |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuntu-based classroom desktops, and has encouraged every student in the country to use Ubuntu-powered computer workstations;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/news/macedonia-school-computers |title=Every Student in the Republic of Macedonia to Use Ubuntu-powered Computer Workstations |date=20 November 2007 |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=2 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403200908/https://www.ubuntu.com/news/macedonia-school-computers |archive-date=3 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; the Spanish school system has 195,000 Ubuntu desktops.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot; /&gt; The French police, having already started using [[open-source software]] in 2005 by replacing [[Microsoft Office]] with [[OpenOffice.org]], decided to transition to Ubuntu from [[Windows XP]] after the release of [[Windows Vista]] in 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;FrPol&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/03/french-police-saves-millions-of-euros-by-adopting-ubuntu.ars |title=French police: We saved millions of euros by adopting Ubuntu |first=Ryan |last=Paul |date=11 March 2009 |work=Ars Technica |access-date=2 December 2010 |archive-date=13 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090313044240/http://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/03/french-police-saves-millions-of-euros-by-adopting-ubuntu.ars |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; By March 2009, the [[National Gendarmerie|Gendarmerie Nationale]] had already switched 5,000 workstations to Ubuntu.&lt;ref name=&quot;FrPol&quot; /&gt; Based on the success of that transition, it planned to switch 15,000 more over by the end of 2009 and to have switched all 90,000 workstations over by 2015 [[GendBuntu|(GendBuntu project)]].&lt;ref name=&quot;FrPol&quot; /&gt; Lt. Colonel Guimard announced that the move was very easy and allowed for a 70% saving on the IT budget without having to reduce its capabilities.&lt;ref name=&quot;FrPol&quot; /&gt; In 2011, Ubuntu 10.04 was adopted by the Indian justice system.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/India-s-Justice-Sytem-Switches-to-Ubuntu-10-04-228451.shtml |title=India's Justice {{sic|Sy|tem|nolink=y}} Switches to Ubuntu 10.04 |work=News.Softpedia.com |publisher=SoftNews Net SRL |date=18 October 2011 |access-date=21 October 2011 |archive-date=19 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219232124/http://news.softpedia.com/news/India-s-Justice-Sytem-Switches-to-Ubuntu-10-04-228451.shtml |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2004,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Munich Mayor Says Switch to Linux Saved Money, Reduced Complaints |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/469542/munich_mayor_says_switch_to_linux_saved_money_reduced_complaints.html |access-date=7 March 2022 |work=[[PCWorld]] |date=March 30, 2012 |quote=The city of Munich started the LiMux project in 2004 and began migrating from Windows NT to a fully open source desktop infrastructure in 2006. |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307153529/https://www.pcworld.com/article/469542/munich_mayor_says_switch_to_linux_saved_money_reduced_complaints.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; the city of [[Munich]], Germany, started the [[LiMux]] project, and later forked Kubuntu 10.04 LTS for use on the city's computers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/Direktorium/LiMux.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904212323/http://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/Direktorium/LiMux.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 September 2012 |title=Landeshauptstadt München&amp;nbsp;– Das Projekt LiMux |access-date=9 July 2012 |language=de |trans-title=City of Munich&amp;nbsp;– The Project LiMux |work=Muenchen.de: Das offizielle Stadtportal |publisher=Portal München Betriebs GmbH / Landeshauptstadt München / Stadtwerke München GmbH. }}&lt;/ref&gt; After originally planning to migrate 12,000 desktop computers to LiMux, it was announced in December 2013 that the project had completed successfully with the migration of 14,800 out of 15,500 desktop computers,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.cio.co.uk/news/change-management/munich-open-source-completed-successfully/ |title=Munich open-source switch 'completed successfully' |first=Loek |last=Essers |date=13 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013085745/http://www.cio.co.uk/news/change-management/munich-open-source-completed-successfully/ |archive-date=13 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; but still keeping about 5,000 Windows clients for unported applications. In February 2017 the majority coalition decided, against heavy protest from the opposition,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/LiMux-Aus-in-Muenchen-Opposition-wettert-gegen-katastrophale-Fehlentscheidung-3622848.html |title=LiMux-Aus in München: Opposition wettert gegen &quot;katastrophale Fehlentscheidung&quot; |last=iX |website=iX |date=12 February 2017 |access-date=2 June 2019 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602074626/https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/LiMux-Aus-in-Muenchen-Opposition-wettert-gegen-katastrophale-Fehlentscheidung-3622848.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; to evaluate the migration back to Windows,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.heise.de/ix/meldung/Von-Linux-zurueck-zu-Microsoft-Schwarz-Rot-in-Muenchen-will-LiMux-rauswerfen-3621178.html |title=Von Linux zurück zu Microsoft: Schwarz-Rot in München will LiMux rauswerfen |last=iX |website=iX |date=9 February 2017 |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-date=21 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421025726/https://www.heise.de/ix/meldung/Von-Linux-zurueck-zu-Microsoft-Schwarz-Rot-in-Muenchen-will-LiMux-rauswerfen-3621178.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; after Microsoft had decided to move its company headquarters to Munich.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Buero-der-Zukunft-Microsoft-zieht-nach-Muenchen-Schwabing-2042386.html |title=&quot;Büro der Zukunft&quot;: Microsoft zieht nach München-Schwabing |last=iX |website=iX |date=8 November 2013 |access-date=2 June 2019 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602074626/https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Buero-der-Zukunft-Microsoft-zieht-nach-Muenchen-Schwabing-2042386.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Governing Mayor [[Dieter Reiter]] cited lack of compatibility with systems outside of the administrative sector, such as requiring a governmental [[mail server]] to send e-mails to his personal [[smartphone]], as reasons for the return, but has been criticised for evaluating administrative IT based on private and business standards.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://derstandard.at/2000003144506/Bin-Microsoft-Fan-Muenchner-Buergermeister-kritisiert-Linux-in-Stadtverwaltung |title=&quot;Bin Microsoft-Fan&quot;: Münchner Bürgermeister kritisiert Linux - derstandard.at/2000003144506/Bin-Microsoft-Fan-Muenchner-Buergermeister-kritisiert-Linux-in-Stadtverwaltung |last=iX |website=iX |access-date=2 June 2019 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602074626/https://derstandard.at/2000003144506/Bin-Microsoft-Fan-Muenchner-Buergermeister-kritisiert-Linux-in-Stadtverwaltung |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In May 2020, the recently elected [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] party and the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democrat]] party negotiated a new coalition agreement, stating: &quot;Where it is technologically and financially possible, the city will put emphasis on open standards and free open-source licensed software&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Schaer |first1=Cathrin |title=Linux not Windows: Why Munich is shifting back from Microsoft to open source – again |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-not-windows-why-munich-is-shifting-back-from-microsoft-to-open-source-again/ |access-date=7 March 2022 |work=ZDNet |date=May 14, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=9 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409220034/https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-not-windows-why-munich-is-shifting-back-from-microsoft-to-open-source-again/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.gruene-muenchen.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Druckfassung_Koalitionsvertrag-2020_2026.pdf |title=Mit Mut, Visionen und Zuversicht: Ganz München im Blick |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327063010/https://www.gruene-muenchen.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Druckfassung_Koalitionsvertrag-2020_2026.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In March 2012, the government of Iceland launched a project to get all public institutions using free and open-source software. Already, several government agencies and schools have adopted Ubuntu. The government cited cost savings as a big factor for the decision, and also stated that open-source software avoids [[vendor lock-in]]. A 12-month project was launched to migrate the biggest public institutions in Iceland to using open-source software, and help ease the migration for others.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-03/23/iceland-open-source-software |title=Icelandic government makes a push for open-source software |date=23 March 2012 |access-date=9 July 2012 |first=Mark |last=Brown |magazine=Wired UK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709055602/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-03/23/iceland-open-source-software |archive-date=9 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; US president [[Barack Obama]]'s successful [[Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012|campaign]] for re-election in 2012 used Ubuntu in its IT department.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/11/how-team-obamas-tech-efficiency-left-romney-it-in-dust/ |title=How Team Obama's tech efficiency left Romney IT in dust |work=Ars Technica |date=20 November 2012 |last=Gallagher |first=Sean |access-date=6 March 2018 |quote=Key in maximizing the value of the Obama campaign's IT spending was its use of open source tools and open architectures. Linux—particularly Ubuntu—was used as the server operating system of choice. |archive-date=1 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101190642/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/11/how-team-obamas-tech-efficiency-left-romney-it-in-dust/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In August 2014, the city of [[Turin]], Italy, announced its migration from [[Windows XP]] to Ubuntu for the 8,300 desktop computers used by the municipality, becoming the first city in Italy to adopt Ubuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Turin-to-Be-First-Italian-City-to-Adopt-Ubuntu-Unshackle-from-the-quot-Tyranny-of-Proprietary-Software-quot-454152.shtml |title=Turin to Be First Italian City to Adopt Ubuntu, Unshackle from the 'Tyranny of Proprietary Software' |work=News.Softpedia.com |publisher=SoftNews Net SRL |date=8 August 2014 |last=Stahie |first=Silviu |access-date=16 September 2014 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006075109/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Turin-to-Be-First-Italian-City-to-Adopt-Ubuntu-Unshackle-from-the-quot-Tyranny-of-Proprietary-Software-quot-454152.shtml |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://torino.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/08/03/news/il_comune_rinnova_i_pc_e_d_laddio_a_microsoft_risparmiamo_6_milioni-93067980/ |title=Il Comune di Torino rinnova i pc e dà l'addio a Microsoft: &quot;Risparmiamo 6 milioni&quot; |work=la Repubblica |publisher=Gruppo Editoriale L′Espresso |date=4 August 2014 |last=Guccione |first=Gabriele |access-date=16 September 2014 |archive-date=27 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927103402/http://torino.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/08/03/news/il_comune_rinnova_i_pc_e_d_laddio_a_microsoft_risparmiamo_6_milioni-93067980/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Starting in 2008, the [[Wikimedia Foundation]], the non-profit organization behind [[Wikipedia]], switched from multiple different Linux operating systems to Ubuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Weiss|first=Todd R.|date=October 9, 2008|title=Wikipedia simplifies IT infrastructure by moving to one Linux vendor|newspaper=[[Computerworld]]|url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9116787/Wikipedia_simplifies_IT_infrastructure_by_moving_to_one_Linux_vendor?taxonomyId=154&amp;pageNumber=1&amp;taxonomyName=Servers%20and%20Data%20Center|url-status=live|access-date=November 1, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005181633/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9116787/Wikipedia_simplifies_IT_infrastructure_by_moving_to_one_Linux_vendor?taxonomyId=154&amp;pageNumber=1&amp;taxonomyName=Servers%20and%20Data%20Center|archive-date=October 5, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Paul|first=Ryan|date=October 9, 2008|title=Wikipedia adopts Ubuntu for its server infrastructure|newspaper=[[Ars Technica]]|url=https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2008/10/wikipedia-adopts-ubuntu-for-its-server-infrastructure.ars|url-status=live|access-date=November 1, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130021503/http://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2008/10/wikipedia-adopts-ubuntu-for-its-server-infrastructure.ars|archive-date=January 30, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Reception ===<br /> Ubuntu was awarded the Reader Award for best Linux distribution at the 2005 [[LinuxWorld Conference and Expo]] in London,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://w3.linux-magazine.com/issue/61/Linuxworld_London_UK_2005.pdf |title=LinuxWorld Expo UK 2005 |first=John |last=Masters |date=June 2005 |work=Linux Magazine |publisher=Linux New Media |access-date=19 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626133319/http://w3.linux-magazine.com/issue/61/Linuxworld_London_UK_2005.pdf |archive-date=26 June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; received favorable reviews in online and print publications,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/8253 |title=Linux in Government: Linux Desktop Reviews, Part 6&amp;nbsp;– Ubuntu |first=Tom |last=Adelstein |date=19 April 2005 |work=Linux Journal |access-date=2 December 2010 |archive-date=2 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502075038/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/8253 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |first=Neil |last=McAllister |title=Gutsy Gibbon: Desktop Linux OS Made Easy |volume=26 |date=January 2008 |journal=PC World |page=84}}&lt;/ref&gt; and has won [[InfoWorld]]'s 2007 Bossie Award for ''Best Open Source Client OS''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.infoworld.com/t/platforms/best-open-source-in-platforms-and-middleware-129 |title=Best of open source in platforms and middleware |first=Paul |last=Venenzia |date=10 September 2007 |work=InfoWorld |access-date=2 December 2010 |archive-date=8 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608205855/http://www.infoworld.com/t/platforms/best-open-source-in-platforms-and-middleware-129 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In early 2008, ''[[PC World (magazine)|PC World]]'' named Ubuntu the &quot;best all-around Linux distribution available today&quot;, though it criticized the lack of an integrated desktop effects manager.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/146400/desktop_linux_faceoff_ubuntu_804_vs_fedora_9.html |title=Desktop Linux Face-Off: Ubuntu 8.04 vs. Fedora 9 |first=Robert |last=Strohmeyer |date=2 June 2008 |work=PC World |access-date=19 August 2008 |archive-date=13 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080813223405/http://www.pcworld.com/article/146400/desktop_linux_faceoff_ubuntu_804_vs_fedora_9.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Chris DiBona, the program manager for open-source software at Google, said &quot;I think Ubuntu has captured people's imaginations around the Linux desktop,&quot; and &quot;If there is a hope for the Linux desktop, it would be them&quot;. {{As of|2009|January}}, almost half of Google's 20,000 employees used [[Goobuntu]], a slightly modified version of Ubuntu.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot; /&gt; In 2012, ''[[ZDNet]]'' reported that Ubuntu was still Google's desktop of choice.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/the-truth-about-goobuntu-googles-in-house-desktop-ubuntu-linux/ |title=The truth about Goobuntu: Google's in-house desktop Ubuntu Linux |date=29 August 2012 |access-date=17 April 2016 |last=Vaughan-Nichols |first=Steven J. |publisher=ZDNet |quote=&quot;Goobuntu use is encouraged and 'All our development tools are for Ubuntu.{{'&quot;}} |archive-date=10 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410030319/http://www.zdnet.com/article/the-truth-about-goobuntu-googles-in-house-desktop-ubuntu-linux/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In March 2016, Matt Hartley picked a list of best Linux distributions for [[Datamation]]; he chose Ubuntu as number one.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.datamation.com/open-source/best-linux-distro-linux-experts-rate-distros-1.html |title=Best Linux Distro: Linux Experts Rate Distros |date=15 March 2016 |access-date=17 April 2016 |last1=Hartley |first1=Matt |last2=Byfield |first2=Bruce |website=[[Datamation]] |quote=Obviously, Ubuntu was going to be at the top of the list.[...] Ubuntu has done more to put desktop Linux into the hands of the common man than any other distribution out there. |archive-date=20 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420085807/http://www.datamation.com/open-source/best-linux-distro-linux-experts-rate-distros-1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2008, [[Jamie Hyneman]], co-host of the American television series ''[[MythBusters]]'', advocated Linux (giving the example of Ubuntu) as a solution to [[software bloat]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/upgrade/4243994.html?page=3 |title=MythBusters: 7 Tech Headaches—and How to Fix Them |first=Jamie |last=Hyneman |date=18 February 2008 |work=Popular Mechanics |access-date=2 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324070017/http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/upgrade/4243994.html?page=3 |archive-date=24 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Other celebrity users of Ubuntu include science fiction writer [[Cory Doctorow]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |publisher=Apress |isbn=978-1-4302-1999-6 |last1=Thomas |first1=K. |last2=Channelle |first2=A. |last3=Sicam |first3=J. |title=Beginning Ubuntu Linux |year=2009 |page=xxxii}}&lt;/ref&gt; and actor [[Stephen Fry]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Sneddon |first=Joey |title=Stephen Fry: 'I Use Ubuntu' |url=http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/08/stephen-fry-i-use-ubuntu |work=OMG! Ubuntu! |date=27 August 2012 |publisher=Ohso Ltd |access-date=29 August 2012 |archive-date=30 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830041606/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/08/stephen-fry-i-use-ubuntu |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;!--In March 2013, Canonical announced that it had decided to develop [[Mir (display server)|Mir]],&lt;ref name=&quot;The H&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Canonical-reveals-plans-to-launch-Mir-display-server-Update-1815982.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130307074544/http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Canonical-reveals-plans-to-launch-Mir-display-server-Update-1815982.html |archive-date=7 March 2013 |title=Canonical reveals plans to launch Mir display server&amp;nbsp;– Update |work=The H Open |publisher=Heise Media UK |date=24 February 2013 |access-date=6 March 2013 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; reversing an earlier plan to move to [[Wayland (display server protocol)|Wayland]] as the primary Ubuntu display server&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/551 |title=Unity on Wayland |last=Shuttleworth |first=Mark |quote=The next major transition for Unity will be to deliver it on Wayland... |date=4 November 2010 |work=MarkShuttleworth.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; and causing [[Mir (software)#Controversy|widespread objection from the open source desktop community]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=MTMxODA |title=A Note to Canonical: 'Don't Piss on Wayland' |author-link=Michael Larabel |first=Michael |last=Larabel |date=5 March 2013 |work=Phoronix.com }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://blog.martin-graesslin.com/blog/2013/03/war-is-peace/ |title=War Is Peace |first=Martin |last=Gräßlin |date=8 March 2013 |quote=Will KWin support Mir? No! |postscript=. Gräßlin is maintainer of [[KWin]], the [[KDE]] window manager.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sharpley.org.uk/blog/lightdm-mir-wayland |title=KDE, LightDM and the Mir Kerfuffle |first=David |last=Edmundson |date=12 March 2013 |work=Sharpley.org.uk |quote=If you know for 6 months that you're not going to do something you said you would it's rude not to tell people |postscript=. Edmundson is author of KDE greeter library used by [[LightDM]], used by Ubuntu. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518151403/http://www.sharpley.org.uk/blog/lightdm-mir-wayland |archive-date=18 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=MTMyNjQ |title=GNOME Will Move Full-Speed With Wayland Support |author-link=Michael Larabel |first=Michael |last=Larabel |date=13 March 2013 |quote=What's GNOME doing about Mir? They're laying out plans right now to move hard and fast with Wayland support! |work=Phoronix.com }}&lt;/ref&gt; X.Org contributor Daniel Stone opined: &quot;I'm just irritated that this means more work for us, more work for upstream developers, more work for toolkits, more work for hardware vendors....&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=MTMxNzY |title=Upstream X/Wayland Developers Bash Canonical, Mir |first=Michael |last=Larabel |date=4 March 2013 |work=Phoronix.com }}&lt;/ref&gt; In September 2013, an Intel developer removed XMir support from their video driver and wrote &quot;We do not condone or support Canonical in the course of action they have chosen, and will not carry XMir patches upstream&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://cgit.freedesktop.org/xorg/driver/xf86-video-intel/commit/?id=58a7611 |title=xf86-video-intel 2.99.902 snapshot |first=Chris |last=Wilson |work=cgit.FreeDesktop.org |publisher=X Desktop Group |date=7 September 2013 |access-date=8 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Larabel |url= https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=MTQ1NjY |title=Intel Reverts Plans, Will Not Support Ubuntu's XMir |work=Phoronix.com |date=7 September 2013 |access-date=8 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url= https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/09/intel-rejection-of-ubuntus-mir-patch-forces-canonical-to-go-own-way/ |title=Intel rejection of Ubuntu's Mir patch forces Canonical to go own way |website=Ars Technica |first=Jon |last=Brodkin |date=9 September 2013 |access-date=3 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> In January 2014, the UK's authority for computer security, [[Communications-Electronics Security Group#CESG|CESG]], reported that [[Ubuntu version history#1204|Ubuntu 12.04 LTS]] was &quot;the only operating system that passes as many as 9 out of 12 requirements without any significant risks&quot;, though it was unclear if any other Linux distributions were tested.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/community/osor/news/ubuntu-highest-score-uk-gov-security-test |title=Ubuntu 'highest score' in UK gov security test |last1=Hillenius |first1=Gijs |date=20 January 2014 |website=JoinUp from the European Commission |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219174736/https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/community/osor/news/ubuntu-highest-score-uk-gov-security-test |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === 32-bit &quot;deprecation&quot; controversy ===<br /> In June 2019, Canonical announced that they would be deprecating support for 32-bit applications and libraries in Ubuntu 19.10.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> Because [[Steam (service)|Steam's]] Linux client depends on these 32-bit libraries, [[Valve Corporation|Valve]] announced that they would no longer be supporting Ubuntu. After uproar from the Linux gaming community, Canonical backtracked on this decision and decided to support select 32-bit libraries. As a result, Valve decided that Steam would support Ubuntu 19.10 again.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/canonical-returning-32-bit-ubuntu-linux-support-after-gaming-uproar/ |title=Canonical returns 32 bit Ubuntu Linux support after uproar. |last=Vaughan-Nichols |first=Stephen J. |date=24 June 2019 |publisher=[[ZDNet]] |access-date=7 July 2019 |archive-date=3 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703082015/https://www.zdnet.com/article/canonical-returning-32-bit-ubuntu-linux-support-after-gaming-uproar/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2019/06/24/canonical-ubuntu-linux-32-bit-support/?guccounter=1 |title=Canonical backtracks on pulling 32-bit support from Ubuntu Linux |last=Fisher |first=Christine |date=24 June 2019 |website=[[Engadget]] |access-date=7 July 2019 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111045038/https://www.engadget.com/2019-06-24-canonical-ubuntu-linux-32-bit-support.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Wine (software)|Wine]] needs most of the same 32-bit library packages that the Steam package depends on, and more, to enable its version of [[WoW64]] to run 32-bit Windows applications. The parts of Wine that would continue to function without 32-bit libraries would be limited to the subset of Windows applications that have a 64-bit version, removing decades of Windows compatibility. In Canonical's statement&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Statement on 32-bit i386 packages for Ubuntu 19.10 and 20.04 LTS|url=https://ubuntu.com/blog/statement-on-32-bit-i386-packages-for-ubuntu-19-10-and-20-04-lts|access-date=2020-07-19|website=Ubuntu|language=en|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808111807/https://ubuntu.com/blog/statement-on-32-bit-i386-packages-for-ubuntu-19-10-and-20-04-lts|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; on bringing back the libraries, they mentioned using &quot;container technology&quot; in the future to make sure that Wine continues to function.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> === Conformity with European data privacy law ===<br /> Soon after being introduced in 2012, doubts emerged on the conformance of the ''shopping lens'' (a feature that displays Amazon suggestions in the searching tool [[Unity Dash]]) with the European [[Data Protection Directive]].&lt;ref name=&quot;softpedia_2016-02-10&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-s-Shopping-Lens-Might-Be-Illegal-In-Europe-298143.shtml |title=Ubuntu's Shopping Lens Might Be Illegal in Europe |date=9 October 2012 |access-date=24 February 2016 |website=Softpedia.com |archive-date=14 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514132800/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-s-Shopping-Lens-Might-Be-Illegal-In-Europe-298143.shtml |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;omgubuntu_2016-02-10&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/10/does-ubuntus-amazon-lens-break-eu-law |title=Blogger Claims Ubuntu's New Shopping Lens Breaks EU Law |date=10 October 2012 |access-date=24 February 2016 |work=OMG! Ubuntu! |publisher=Ohso Ltd |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051130/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/10/does-ubuntus-amazon-lens-break-eu-law |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; A petition was later signed and delivered to Canonical demanding various modifications to the feature in order to clearly frame it within European law. Canonical did not reply.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> In 2013, a formal complaint on the shopping lens was filed with the [[Information Commissioner's Office]] (ICO), the UK data privacy office. Almost one year later the ICO ruled in favour of Canonical, considering the various improvements introduced to the feature in the meantime to render it conformable with the [[Data Protection Directive]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ateot_2_2016-02-10&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Sneddon|first=Joey|date=10 August 2014|title=Unity Shopping Lens Is Legal, Says UK Data Protection Body|url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/08/unity-shopping-lens-is-legal-says-ioc-uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112041000/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/08/unity-shopping-lens-is-legal-says-ioc-uk|archive-date=12 November 2020|access-date=8 February 2021|website=OMG! Ubuntu!}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to European rules, this ruling is automatically effective in the entirety of the European Union. However, the ruling also made clear that at the time of introduction the feature was not legal, among other things, since it was missing a privacy policy statement.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> === System terminal advertising controversies ===<br /> Ubuntu has integrated increasing quantities of advertising into the operating system's terminal, leading to multiple controversies with its user base.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> In 2017, Canonical placed a message regarding HBO's Silicon Valley in the [[Message of the day|MOTD]] file, causing the message to be shown whenever a terminal session started. Over the following years, more messages would be placed into the MOTD.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Popa |first=Bogdan |date=2020-06-26 |title=Canonical Under Fire for Putting Ads in the Ubuntu MOTD |url=https://news.softpedia.com/news/canonical-under-fire-for-putting-ads-in-the-ubuntu-motd-530372.shtml |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=softpedia |language=english}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2022, ads for Ubuntu's premium service, Ubuntu Advantage, were introduced into the apt system update utility. This move caused controversy in the user community, with some users considering advertising a fair business model to support development, while other users found the inclusion inappropriate and annoying.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Borisov |first=Bobby |date=2022-10-15 |title=Ubuntu Once Again Angered Users by Placing Ads in the Terminal |url=https://linuxiac.com/ubuntu-once-again-angered-users-by-placing-ads/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=Linuxiac |language=en-US |archive-date=1 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101110958/https://linuxiac.com/ubuntu-once-again-angered-users-by-placing-ads/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Local communities (LoCos) ==<br /> {{Distinguish|Linux User Group}}<br /> <br /> In an effort to reach out to users who are less technical, and to foster a sense of community around the distribution, Local Communities,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeams |title=Ubuntu Local Community Teams |work=Ubuntu Wiki |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=27 April 2010 |archive-date=25 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225062242/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeams |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; better known as &quot;LoCos&quot;, have been established throughout the world. Originally, each country had one LoCo Team. However, in some areas, most notably the United States and Canada, each state or province may establish a team.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ubuntu LoCo Team Portal |url=http://loco.ubuntu.com/teams/ |access-date=9 November 2015 |work=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |archive-date=6 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106205449/http://loco.ubuntu.com/teams/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; A LoCo Council approves teams based upon their efforts to aid in either the development or the promotion of Ubuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Local Community (LoCo) Teams |url=http://loco.ubuntu.com/about-loco/ |access-date=9 November 2015 |work=LoCo.Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |archive-date=31 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031050427/http://loco.ubuntu.com/about-loco/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Hardware vendor support ==<br /> <br /> Ubuntu works closely with OEMs to jointly make Ubuntu available on a wide range of devices.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubuntu Certified Hardware&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.dell.com/us/business/p/xps-13-linux/pd?~srd=true&amp;sk=Ubuntu&amp;scat=prod |title=XPS 13 Developer Edition |work=Dell.com |publisher=Dell Inc. |access-date=25 August 2014 |archive-date=3 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903133232/http://www.dell.com/us/business/p/xps-13-linux/pd?~srd=true&amp;sk=Ubuntu&amp;scat=prod |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; A number of vendors offer computers with Ubuntu pre-installed, including [[Dell]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/partners/dell |title=Dell and Ubuntu |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=21 August 2012 |archive-date=14 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814141402/http://www.ubuntu.com/partners/dell |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hasee]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.linux-community.de/Internal/Nachrichten/Guenstiges-Netbook-aus-China |title=Günstiges Netbook aus China |first=Marcel |last=Hilzinger |work=LinuxCommunity |access-date=7 April 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910011554/http://www.linux-community.de/Internal/Nachrichten/Guenstiges-Netbook-aus-China |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sharp Corporation]], and Cirrus7.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tiny PCs can be beautiful, the Cirrus7 Nimbini is one of those PCs |url=https://www.geek.com/chips/tiny-pcs-can-be-beautiful-the-cirrus7-nimbini-is-one-of-those-pcs-1620484/ |work=Geek.com |access-date=14 January 2016 |archive-date=20 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320150738/http://www.geek.com/chips/tiny-pcs-can-be-beautiful-the-cirrus7-nimbini-is-one-of-those-pcs-1620484/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Cirrus7 Nimbini – The Most Stylish Ubuntu PC Ever Made? |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/04/cirrus7-nimbini-ubuntu-pc-announced |work=OMG! Ubuntu! |date=15 April 2015 |publisher=Ohso Ltd |access-date=14 January 2016 |archive-date=11 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311040145/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/04/cirrus7-nimbini-ubuntu-pc-announced |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Specifically, [[Dell]] offers the XPS 13 laptop, Developer Edition with Ubuntu pre-installed.&lt;ref name=&quot;XPS 13&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.dell.com/us/business/p/xps-13-linux/pd? |title=XPS 13 Laptop, Developer Edition |work=Dell.com |publisher=Dell Inc. |access-date=16 November 2018 |archive-date=15 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015072247/http://www.dell.com/us/business/p/xps-13-linux/pd |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Together, Dell, Lenovo, HP, and Acer offer over 200 desktop and over 400 laptop PCs preloaded with Ubuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://certification.ubuntu.com/desktop/ |title=Ubuntu Desktop certified hardware {{!}} Ubuntu |last=Canonical |website=certification.ubuntu.com |access-date=31 May 2018 |archive-date=26 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526035334/https://certification.ubuntu.com/desktop/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[System76]] computers are also sold with Ubuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://system76.com/cart/configure/bonw13 |title=Bonobo WS |website=system76.com |access-date=31 May 2018 |archive-date=1 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901111753/https://system76.com/cart/configure/bonw13 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dell and System76 customers are able to choose between 30-day, three-month, and yearly Ubuntu support plans through Canonical.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ubuntu.com/news/system76-certified-servers |title=System76 announces servers with Ubuntu 7.10 and Canonical support services |work=Ubuntu.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=5 March 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301153610/https://www.ubuntu.com/news/system76-certified-servers |archive-date=1 March 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dell computers (running Ubuntu 10.04) include extra support for [[ATI Technologies|ATI]]/[[Advanced Micro Devices|AMD]] Video Graphics, Dell Wireless, [[Fingerprint Readers]], [[HDMI]], [[Bluetooth]], [[DVD-Video|DVD]] playback (using [[LinDVD]]), and [[MP3]]/[[Windows Media Audio|WMA]]/[[Windows Media Video|WMV]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://yourblog.dell.com/2008/07/18/dell-upgrades-consumer-linux-pcs-to-ubuntu-804/ |title=Dell Upgrades Consumer Linux PCs to Ubuntu 8.04 |work=YourBlog.Dell.com |publisher=Dell Inc. |access-date=13 September 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080802002510/http://yourblog.dell.com/2008/07/18/dell-upgrades-consumer-linux-pcs-to-ubuntu-804/ |archive-date=2 August 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Asus]] also sold some [[Asus Eee PC|Eee PCs]] with Ubuntu pre-installed and announced &quot;many more&quot; models running Ubuntu for 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2075819/asus-preload-ubuntu-linux-eee-pcs |title=Asus will preload Ubuntu Linux on three Eee PCs |work=[[The Inquirer]] |date=2 June 2011 |access-date=15 June 2011 |archive-date=9 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609231450/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2075819/asus-preload-ubuntu-linux-eee-pcs |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Woods |first=Ben |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/asus-preloads-eee-pc-models-with-ubuntu/ |title=Asus preloads Eee PC models with Ubuntu |work=[[ZDNet]] UK |publisher=CBS Interactive |date=3 June 2011 |access-date=28 January 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127133835/https://www.zdnet.com/article/asus-preloads-eee-pc-models-with-ubuntu/ |archive-date=27 January 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/Ubuntu-Eee-PC-Seashell-Netbooks-Canonical,12878.html |title=Asus Launching Eee PC Netbooks with Ubuntu |work=TomsHardware.com |first=Kevin |last=Parrish |date=3 June 2011 |access-date=15 June 2011 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111045036/https://www.tomshardware.com/news/Ubuntu-Eee-PC-Seashell-Netbooks-Canonical,12878.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Vodafone]] has made available a notebook for the South African market called &quot;Webbook&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/19/vodafone-brings-arm-and-ubuntu-together-for-south-african-webboo/ |title=Vodafone brings ARM and Ubuntu together for South African Webbook |work=Engadget |publisher=[[AOL]] |first=Terrence |last=O'Brien |date=19 October 2011 |access-date=20 October 2011 |archive-date=20 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020054912/http://www.engadget.com/2011/10/19/vodafone-brings-arm-and-ubuntu-together-for-south-african-webboo/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/10/the-ubuntu-powered-vodafone-webbook-launches-tomorrow/ |title=The Ubuntu Powered 'Vodafone Webbook' Launched |work=OMG! Ubuntu! |publisher=Ohso Ltd |date=18 October 2011 |first=Joey-Elijah |last=Sneddon |access-date=20 October 2011 |archive-date=20 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020120524/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/10/the-ubuntu-powered-vodafone-webbook-launches-tomorrow/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-11-10-Powered-Webbook-Sells-at-190-229168.shtml |title=Ubuntu 11.10 Powered Webbook Sells at $190 |work=News.Softpedia.com |publisher=SoftNews Net SRL |date=21 October 2011 |first=Marius |last=Nestor |access-date=21 October 2011 |archive-date=24 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024071037/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-11-10-Powered-Webbook-Sells-at-190-229168.shtml |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- Cleanup Required --&gt;<br /> <br /> Dell sells computers (initially Inspiron 14R and 15R laptops) pre-loaded with Ubuntu in India and China, with 850 and 350 retail outlets respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release |title=Dell launch with Ubuntu at retail in India |url=https://ubuntu.com/blog/canonical-and-dell-announce-today-that-dell-laptops-pre-loaded-with-ubuntu-will-be-sold-in-850-retail-outlets-in-india-2 |publisher=Canonical Ltd |date=18 June 2012 |access-date=28 January 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927130222/https://ubuntu.com/blog/canonical-and-dell-announce-today-that-dell-laptops-pre-loaded-with-ubuntu-will-be-sold-in-850-retail-outlets-in-india-2 |archive-date=27 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://blog.canonical.com/2012/06/18/dell-extends-ubuntu-retail-into-india/ |title=Dell Extends Ubuntu Retail into India |first=Mark |last=Murphy |date=18 June 2012 |work=Blog.Canonical.com |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=18 June 2012 |archive-date=19 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619001513/http://blog.canonical.com/2012/06/18/dell-extends-ubuntu-retail-into-india/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Starting in 2013, Alienware began offering its X51 model gaming desktop pre-installed with Ubuntu at a lower price than if it were pre-installed with Windows.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/04/05/alienware-x51-ubuntu/ |title=Alienware X51 gaming PC now available with Ubuntu, starts at $600 |work=Engadget |publisher=AOL |date=5 April 2013 |access-date=17 August 2013 |archive-date=8 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008221801/http://www.engadget.com/2013/04/05/alienware-x51-ubuntu/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> While Linux already works on IBM's mainframe system ([[Linux on IBM Z]]), IBM in collaboration with Canonical (and [[SUSE]]; &quot;[[Linux Foundation]] will form a new Open Mainframe Project&quot;) announced Ubuntu support for their [[z/Architecture]] for the first time (IBM claimed their system, [[IBM zEnterprise System]], version z13, the most powerful computer in the world in 2015;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release |title=IBM Launches z13 -- Most Powerful &amp; Secure System Ever Built |url=https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/45808.wss |date=2015-01-13 |website=www-03.ibm.com |language=en-US |access-date=2020-05-05 |archive-date=1 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801190835/https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/45808.wss |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; it was then the largest computer by transistor count; again claimed fastest in 2017 with [[IBM z14 (microprocessor)|IBM z14]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release |title=IBM Mainframe Ushers in New Era of Data Protection |url=https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/52805.wss |date=2017-07-17 |website=www-03.ibm.com |language=en-US |access-date=2020-05-05 |archive-date=1 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901132125/https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/52805.wss |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;), at the time of their &quot;biggest code drop&quot; (&quot;LinuxOne&quot;) in Linux history.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2422249/ibm-makes-biggest-code-drop-as-canonical-and-suse-tie-up-brings-linux-to-mainframes |title=IBM makes 'biggest code drop' as Canonical and Suse tie-up brings better Linux to mainframes: UbuntuOne brings industry standard tools to a mainframe environment |first=Chris |last=Merriman |date=17 August 2015 |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=18 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818050302/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2422249/ibm-makes-biggest-code-drop-as-canonical-and-suse-tie-up-brings-linux-to-mainframes |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In early 2015, Intel launched the [[Intel Compute Stick]] small form factor computer available preloaded with Ubuntu or Windows operating systems.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www-ssl.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-briefs/compute-stick-product-brief.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108223155/https://www-ssl.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-briefs/compute-stick-product-brief.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 January 2016 |title=Intel Compute Stick Product Brief |access-date=25 September 2015 |website=Intel.com |publisher=[[Intel]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Windows interoperability ==<br /> In March 2016, [[Microsoft]] announced that it would support the Ubuntu [[user space|userland]] on top of the [[Windows 10]] [[Kernel (operating system)|kernel]] by implementing the Linux [[system call]]s as [[Windows Subsystem for Linux|a subsystem]]. At the time, it was focused on [[command-line tool]]s like [[Bash (Unix shell)|Bash]] and was aimed at [[software developers]].&lt;ref name=&quot;M&amp;C&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-and-canonical-partner-to-bring-ubuntu-to-windows-10/ |title=Microsoft and Canonical partner to bring Ubuntu to Windows 10 |publisher=[[ZDNet]] |first=Steven J. |last=Vaughan-Nichols |date=29 March 2016 |access-date=8 June 2016 |archive-date=8 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608062402/http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-and-canonical-partner-to-bring-ubuntu-to-windows-10/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MSDN-bash&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/commandline/wsl/about |title=Bash on Ubuntu on Windows |work=MSDN |date=3 March 2017 |first=Jack |last=Hammons |access-date=13 June 2016 |archive-date=30 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130090401/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/commandline/wsl/about |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UonW&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/03/30/ubuntu-on-windows-the-ubuntu-userspace-for-windows-developers/ |title=Ubuntu on Windows – The Ubuntu Userspace for Windows Developers |last=Kirkland |first=Dustin |work=Ubuntu Insights |date=30 March 2016 |publisher=Canonical Ltd |access-date=12 June 2016 |archive-date=11 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611182351/http://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/03/30/ubuntu-on-windows-the-ubuntu-userspace-for-windows-developers |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; WSL was made available with Windows 10, version 1709.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-subsystem-for-linux-graduates-in-windows-10-fall-creators-update/ |title=Windows Subsystem for Linux graduates in Windows 10 Fall Creators Update |publisher=[[ZDNet]] |first=Steven J. |last=Vaughan-Nichols |date=15 October 2017 |access-date=13 February 2018 |archive-date=18 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218061357/http://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-subsystem-for-linux-graduates-in-windows-10-fall-creators-update/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; As of 2019, other Linux distributions are also supported.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> In 2019, Microsoft announced the new WSL 2 subsystem that includes a [[Linux kernel]], that Canonical announced will have &quot;full support for Ubuntu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSL2&quot; /&gt; By this time, it was possible to run graphical Linux apps on Windows.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hoffman|first=Chris|date=1 March 2018|title=How to Run Graphical Linux Desktop Applications from Windows 10's Bash Shell|url=https://www.howtogeek.com/261575/how-to-run-graphical-linux-desktop-applications-from-windows-10s-bash-shell/|website=How-To Geek|publisher=Lifesavvy Media|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418050546/https://www.howtogeek.com/261575/how-to-run-graphical-linux-desktop-applications-from-windows-10s-bash-shell/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2021, Microsoft went on to add out-of-the-box support for graphical Linux apps, through the {{Not a typo|WSL|g}} project.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=21 April 2021|title=Microsoft enables Linux GUI apps on Windows 10 for developers|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/21/22396018/microsoft-windows-10-linux-gui-apps-task-manager-app-throttling-features|website=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520135132/https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/21/22396018/microsoft-windows-10-linux-gui-apps-task-manager-app-throttling-features|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Loewen|first=Craig|date=21 April 2021|title=The Initial Preview of GUI app support is now available for the Windows Subsystem for Linux|url=https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/the-initial-preview-of-gui-app-support-is-now-available-for-the-windows-subsystem-for-linux-2/|website=Windows Command Line Blog|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421170903/https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/the-initial-preview-of-gui-app-support-is-now-available-for-the-windows-subsystem-for-linux-2/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In May 2021, Microsoft extended its Threat and Vulnerability Management solution, which was a Windows-only solution thus far, to support Ubuntu, RHEL, and CentOS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jawad|first=Usama|date=12 May 2021|title=Microsoft Threat and Vulnerability Management now supports Linux|url=https://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-threat-and-vulnerability-management-now-supports-linux/|website=Neowin|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512060934/https://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-threat-and-vulnerability-management-now-supports-linux/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Besides, starting with version 6, [[PowerShell]] runs on Ubuntu and can manage both Windows and Ubuntu computers remotely from either platforms.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Comparison of Linux distributions]]<br /> {{Portal bar|Free and open-source software|Linux}}<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Sister project links|auto=1|d=y}}<br /> <br /> * {{Official website}}<br /> * {{DistroWatch|ubuntu|NAME=Ubuntu}}<br /> <br /> {{Ubuntu}}<br /> {{Linux distributions}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Ubuntu| ]]<br /> [[Category:2004 software]]<br /> [[Category:ARM Linux distributions]]<br /> [[Category:Debian-based distributions]]<br /> [[Category:Enterprise Linux distributions]]<br /> [[Category:Free software operating systems]]<br /> [[Category:Operating system distributions bootable from read-only media]]<br /> [[Category:Power ISA Linux distributions]]<br /> [[Category:PowerPC Linux distributions]]<br /> [[Category:PowerPC operating systems]]<br /> [[Category:X86-64 Linux distributions]]<br /> [[Category:ARM operating systems]]<br /> [[Category:Linux distributions]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Linux&diff=435191 2023-10-17T02:22:39Z

<p>PinkMelon: Redirected page to Linux</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Linux]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linux&diff=435190 2023-10-17T02:20:34Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|Family of Unix-like operating systems}} {{About|the family of operating systems|the kernel|Linux kernel|other uses}} {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}} {{Use American English|date=October 2023}} {{Infobox OS | name = Linux (no automatically included version) &lt;!-- this &quot;hack&quot; unties the infobox from the separate template that lists latest Linux kernel versions – this article is about Linux and not about the Linux kernel so listing kernel versions in...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Family of Unix-like operating systems}}<br /> {{About|the family of operating systems|the kernel|Linux kernel|other uses}}<br /> {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Use American English|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox OS<br /> | name = Linux (no automatically included version) &lt;!-- this &quot;hack&quot; unties the infobox from the separate template that lists latest Linux kernel versions – this article is about Linux and not about the Linux kernel so listing kernel versions introduces confusion --&gt;<br /> | title = Linux<br /> | logo = Tux.svg<br /> | logo_size = 150px<br /> | logo caption = [[Tux (mascot)|Tux]] the penguin, the mascot of Linux&lt;ref name=&quot;LinuxOnLine2008&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.linux.org/info/logos.html | title = Linux Logos and Mascots |access-date=August 11, 2009 | last = Linux Online | year = 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100815085106/http://www.linux.org/info/logos.html | archive-date = August 15, 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | logo_alt = Tux the penguin<br /> | developer = Community contributors, &lt;br /&gt; [[Linus Torvalds]]<br /> | programmed in = [[C (programming language)|C]], [[assembly language]]s, and others<br /> | family = [[Unix-like]]<br /> | working state = Current<br /> | source model = [[Open-source software|Open source]]<br /> | released = {{start date and age|1991|9|17}}<br /> | latest release version = &lt;!-- The kernel version is displayed on the &quot;Linux kernel&quot; article; please don't insert it here, as this article covers Linux kernel + userland combos. --&gt;<br /> | latest release date = <br /> | latest preview version = &lt;!-- The kernel version is displayed on the &quot;Linux kernel&quot; article; please don't insert it here, as this article covers Linux kernel + userland combos. --&gt;<br /> | latest preview date = <br /> | repo = {{URL|https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/}}<br /> | marketing target = [[Cloud computing]], [[embedded device]]s, [[mainframe computer]]s, [[mobile device]]s, [[personal computer]]s, [[server (computing)|servers]], [[supercomputer]]s<br /> | language = Multilingual<br /> | updatemodel = <br /> | supported platforms = [[DEC Alpha|Alpha]], [[ARC (processor)|ARC]], [[ARM architecture|ARM]], [[M·CORE|C-Sky]], [[Qualcomm Hexagon|Hexagon]], [[IA-64]], [[Loongson|LoongArch]], [[m68k]], [[Microblaze]], [[MIPS architecture|MIPS]], [[Nios II]], [[OpenRISC]], [[PA-RISC]], [[PowerPC]], [[RISC-V]], [[ESA/390|s390]], [[SuperH]], [[SPARC]], [[x86]], [[Xtensa]] &lt;!-- Please do not include 64-bit extensions of 32-bit ISAs, e.g. sparc64, ppc64, x86-64, etc. --&gt;<br /> | kernel type = [[Monolithic kernel|Monolithic]]<br /> | userland = [[GNU]]{{Efn|GNU is the primary userland used in nearly all Linux distributions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.linux.org/threads/gnu-userland.7429/ |title=GNU Userland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308205852/http://www.linux.org/threads/gnu-userland.7429/ |archive-date=March 8, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://cyborginstitute.org/projects/administration/unix-fundamentals/ |title=Unix Fundamentals — System Administration for Cyborgs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005114243/http://cyborginstitute.org/projects/administration/unix-fundamentals/ |archive-date=October 5, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://openbookproject.net/courses/intro2ict/system/os_intro.html|title=Operating Systems — Introduction to Information and Communication Technology|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221222415/http://openbookproject.net/courses/intro2ict/system/os_intro.html|archive-date=February 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; The GNU userland contains system daemons, user applications, the GUI, and various libraries. [[GNU Coreutils|GNU Core utilities]] are an essential part of most distributions. Most Linux distributions use the [[X Window System|X Window]] system.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tldp.org/FAQ/Linux-FAQ/x-windows.html|title=The X Window System|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120234827/http://tldp.org/FAQ/Linux-FAQ/x-windows.html|archive-date=January 20, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Other components of the userland, such as the [[widget toolkit]], vary with the specific distribution, desktop environment, and user configuration.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pclosmag.com/html/issues/201109/page08.html|title=PCLinuxOS Magazine - HTML|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515020543/http://pclosmag.com/html/Issues/201109/page08.html|archive-date=May 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}, [[BusyBox]]{{Efn|[[BusyBox]] is an alternative userland used in many embedded Linux distributions. [[BusyBox]] replaces most [[GNU Coreutils|GNU Core utilities]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://busybox.net/about.html|title=The Busybox about page|website=busybox.net|access-date=November 30, 2021|archive-date=November 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127134347/https://busybox.net/about.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; One notable Desktop distribution using [[BusyBox]] is [[Alpine Linux]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://alpinelinux.org/about/|title=The Alpine Linux about page|website=alpinelinux.org|access-date=November 30, 2021|archive-date=May 8, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110508001131/https://alpinelinux.org/about/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> | ui = {{ubl|[[Unix shell]] ([[Command-line interface|CLI]])|Most [[Linux distribution|distributions]] include a [[desktop environment]] ([[GUI]])}}<br /> | license = [[GPLv2]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.kernel.org/category/faq.html |title=The Linux Kernel Archives: Frequently asked questions |website=kernel.org |date=September 2, 2014 |access-date=September 4, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905100143/https://www.kernel.org/category/faq.html |archive-date=September 5, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Efn|The name &quot;Linux&quot; itself is a trademark owned by [[Linus Torvalds]]&lt;ref name=&quot;US_trademark&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://assignments.uspto.gov/assignments/q?db=tm&amp;rno=1916230 |title = U.S. Reg No: 1916230 |publisher = United States Patent and Trademark Office |access-date = April 1, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130624203325/http://assignments.uspto.gov/assignments/q?db=tm&amp;rno=1916230 |archive-date = June 24, 2013 |df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; and administered by the [[Linux Mark Institute]].}}<br /> | other_articles = [[Linux kernel]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Linux distribution]]<br /> }}&lt;!-- Based on long-standing consensus, please do not change this to read that GNU/Linux is the correct name for Linux distributions incorporating GNU software; the change will be reverted. This has been extensively discussed. Please see [[MOS:LINUX]] for more information. --&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Linux''' ({{IPAc-en||ˈ|l|ɪ|n|ʊ|k|s}} {{respell|LIN|uuks}})&lt;ref name=&quot;pronunciation-2&quot;&gt;{{ cite newsgroup |newsgroup= comp.os.linux | title = Re: How to pronounce ''Linux''? |message-id= 1992Apr23.123216.22024@klaava.Helsinki.FI | date = April 23, 1992 |access-date=January 9, 2007 | url=https://groups.google.com/d/msg/comp.os.linux/L_TTOib3_08/yOG2vLtsp1MJ}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a family of [[free and open-source software|open-source]] [[Unix-like]] [[operating system]]s based on the [[Linux kernel]],&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite book | last = Eckert | first = Jason W. | year = 2012 | title = Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification | edition = Third | publisher = Cengage Learning | place = Boston, Massachusetts | page = 33 | isbn = 978-1111541538 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EHLH4S78LmsC&amp;pg=PA33 | access-date = April 14, 2013 | quote = The shared commonality of the kernel is what defines a system's membership in the Linux family; the differing [[open-source software|OSS]] applications that can interact with the common kernel are what differentiate [[Linux distribution]]s. | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130509031220/http://books.google.com/books?id=EHLH4S78LmsC&amp;pg=PA33 | archive-date = May 9, 2013 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; an [[kernel (operating system)|operating system kernel]] first released on September 17, 1991, by [[Linus Torvalds]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Twenty Years of Linux according to Linus Torvalds | url = http://www.zdnet.com/article/twenty-years-of-linux-according-to-linus-torvalds/ | publisher = ZDNet | date = April 13, 2011 | access-date = September 19, 2016 | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160919232940/http://www.zdnet.com/article/twenty-years-of-linux-according-to-linus-torvalds/ | archive-date = September 19, 2016 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite newsgroup | title = Free minix-like kernel sources for 386-AT | author = Linus Benedict Torvalds | date = October 5, 1991 | newsgroup = comp.os.minix | url = https://groups.google.com/group/comp.os.minix/msg/2194d253268b0a1b?pli=1 | access-date = September 30, 2011 | archive-date = March 2, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130302010902/http://groups.google.com/group/comp.os.minix/msg/2194d253268b0a1b?pli=1 | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = What Is Linux: An Overview of the Linux Operating System | url = https://medium.com/@theinfovalley097/what-is-linux-an-overview-of-the-linux-operating-system-77bc7421c7e5?sk=b80b38575284317290c86e56001e43b1 | publisher = Medium | access-date = December 21, 2019 | df = mdy-all | archive-date = June 12, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200612030853/https://medium.com/@theinfovalley097/what-is-linux-an-overview-of-the-linux-operating-system-77bc7421c7e5?sk=b80b38575284317290c86e56001e43b1 | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Linux is typically [[package manager|packaged]] as a [[Linux distribution]] (distro), which includes the kernel and supporting [[system software]] and [[library (computing)|libraries]], many of which are provided by the [[GNU Project]]. Many Linux distributions use the word &quot;Linux&quot; in their name, but the [[Free Software Foundation]] uses and recommends the name &quot;'''GNU/Linux'''&quot; to emphasize the use and importance of [[GNU]] software in many [[Linux distribution|distributions]], [[GNU/Linux naming controversy|causing some controversy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gnu_linux_faq&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;linux-and-gnu&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html | title = Linux and the GNU System | publisher = Gnu.org | access-date = September 1, 2013 | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170319145123/http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html | archive-date = March 19, 2017 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Popular Linux distributions&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major |title=DistroWatch.com: Put the fun back into computing. Use Linux, BSD. |last=DistroWatch |website=distrowatch.com |access-date=2016-12-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402195650/http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major |archive-date=April 2, 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.linux.com/news/best-linux-distros-2016/|title=Best Linux distros of 2016: Something for everyone|last=himanshu|first=Swapnil|newspaper=CIO|access-date=2022-02-01|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231170119/http://www.cio.com/article/3023349/linux/best-linux-distros-of-2016-something-for-everyone.html|archive-date=December 31, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tecmint.com/top-best-linux-distributions-2016/|title=10 Top Most Popular Linux Distributions of 2016|website=www.tecmint.com|access-date=2016-12-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230141717/http://www.tecmint.com/top-best-linux-distributions-2016/|archive-date=December 30, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; include [[Debian]], [[Fedora Linux]], and [[Ubuntu]]. Commercial distributions include [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]] and [[SUSE Linux Enterprise]]. Desktop Linux distributions include a [[windowing system]] such as [[X Window System|X11]] or [[Wayland (protocol)|Wayland]], and a [[desktop environment]] such as [[GNOME]] or [[KDE Plasma 5|KDE Plasma]]. Distributions intended for [[server (computing)|servers]] may omit [[computer graphics|graphics]] altogether, or include a [[solution stack]] such as [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]]. Because Linux is freely redistributable, anyone may create a distribution for any purpose.&lt;ref name=&quot;what&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What is Linux?|url=https://opensource.com/resources/linux|website=Opensource.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-12|archive-date=May 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513110848/https://opensource.com/resources/linux|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Linux was originally developed for [[personal computer]]s based on the [[Intel x86]] architecture, but has since been [[porting|ported]] to more [[computer hardware platforms|platforms]] than any other operating system.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Barry Levine |title=Linux' {{sic|22|th|nolink=yes}} Birthday Is Commemorated - Subtly - by Creator |url=http://www.cmswire.com/cms/information-management/linux-22th-birthday-is-commemorated-subtly-by-creator-022244.php |access-date=May 10, 2015 |publisher=Simpler Media Group, Inc |date=August 26, 2013 |quote=&quot;Originally developed for Intel x86-based PCs, Torvalds' &quot;hobby&quot; has now been released for more hardware platforms than any other OS in history.&quot; |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518155152/http://www.cmswire.com/cms/information-management/linux-22th-birthday-is-commemorated-subtly-by-creator-022244.php |archive-date=May 18, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Because of the dominance of the Linux-based [[Android (operating system)|Android]] on [[smartphone]]s, Linux, including Android, has the [[Usage share of operating systems|largest]] installed base of all [[general-purpose operating system]]s, {{as of|2022|5|lc=y}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share|title=Operating System Market Share Worldwide|website=StatCounter Global Stats|access-date=October 18, 2020|archive-date=February 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215213114/https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=McPherson|first=Amanda|date=December 13, 2012|title=What a Year for Linux: Please Join us in Celebration|url=http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2012/12/what-year-linux-please-join-us-celebration|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417232521/http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2012/12/what-year-linux-please-join-us-celebration|archive-date=April 17, 2014|access-date=April 16, 2014|publisher=Linux Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/Trolltech-rolls-complete-Linux-smartphone-stack/ |title=Trolltech rolls &quot;complete&quot; Linux smartphone stack |access-date=January 12, 2017 |last=Linux Devices |date=November 28, 2006 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120525231448/http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/Trolltech-rolls-complete-Linux-smartphone-stack/ |archive-date=May 25, 2012 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Although Linux is, {{as of|2022|11|lc=y}}, used by only around 2.6 percent of [[desktop computer]]s,&lt;ref name=&quot;statcounter-desktop&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/desktop/|title=Desktop Operating System Market Share Worldwide|website=StatCounter Global Stats|access-date=June 30, 2022|archive-date=August 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820033759/https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/desktop|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; the [[Chromebook]], which runs the Linux kernel-based [[ChromeOS]], dominates the US [[K–12]] education market and represents nearly 20 percent of sub-$300 [[Laptop|notebook]] sales in the US.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/chromebook-shipments-leap-by-67-percent/|title=Chromebook shipments leap by 67 percent|author=Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols|work=ZDNet|access-date=September 29, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929055809/http://www.zdnet.com/article/chromebook-shipments-leap-by-67-percent/|archive-date=September 29, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Linux is the leading operating system on servers (over 96.4% of the top 1 million web servers' operating systems are Linux),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OS Market Share and Usage Trends|url=http://www.w3cook.com/os/summary/|website=W3Cook.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806093859/http://www.w3cook.com/os/summary|archive-date=6 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; leads other [[Big iron (computing)|big iron]] systems such as [[mainframe computer]]s, and is used on all of the [[TOP500|world's 500 fastest supercomputers]]{{Efn|As measured by the [[TOP500]] list, which uses [[LINPACK benchmarks#HPL|HPL]] to measure computational power.}} ({{as of|November 2017|lc=true}}, having gradually displaced all competitors).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-totally-dominates-supercomputers/ |title=Linux totally dominates supercomputers |last=Vaughan-Nichols |first=Steven J. |year=2017 |publisher=ZDNet |publication-date=November 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114211600/http://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-totally-dominates-supercomputers/ |archive-date=November 14, 2017 |access-date=October 25, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2521639/ibm-s-newest-mainframe-is-all-linux.html |title=IBM's newest mainframe is all Linux |last=Thibodeau |first=Patrick |year=2009 |publisher=Computerworld |publication-date=December 9, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111053745/http://www.computerworld.com/article/2521639/computer-hardware/ibm-s-newest-mainframe-is-all-linux.html |archive-date=November 11, 2016 |access-date=February 22, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;rules_supercomputers&quot;&gt;{{cite news | title = Linux rules supercomputers | url = https://www.forbes.com/2005/03/15/cz_dl_0315linux.html | last = Lyons | first = Daniel | access-date = February 22, 2007 | work = Forbes | date = March 15, 2005 | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070224235804/http://www.forbes.com/home/enterprisetech/2005/03/15/cz_dl_0315linux.html | archive-date = February 24, 2007 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Linux also runs on [[embedded system]]s, i.e. devices whose operating system is typically built into the [[firmware]] and is highly tailored to the system. This includes [[router (computing)|routers]], [[automation]] controls, [[smart home technology|smart home devices]], [[video game console]]s,&lt;ref name=&quot;LinuxDevices&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=[[IBM]] |date=October 2001 |title=Linux Watch (WatchPad) |url=http://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/view_group.php?id=6101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618153004/http://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/view_group.php?id=6101 |archive-date=June 18, 2015 |access-date=June 18, 2015 |df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[television]]s (Samsung and LG [[Smart TV]]s),&lt;ref name=&quot;Linux Smart TVs&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = Linux continues advance in smart TV market | url = http://linuxgizmos.com/linux-continues-advance-in-smart-tv-market/ | website = linuxgizmos.com | author = Eric Brown | date = Mar 29, 2019 | access-date = May 15, 2020 | archive-date = June 29, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200629105311/http://linuxgizmos.com/linux-continues-advance-in-smart-tv-market/ | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Sony Open Source Code Distribution Service | url = http://products.sel.sony.com/opensource/ | publisher = Sony Electronics | access-date = October 8, 2011 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111004171109/http://products.sel.sony.com/opensource/ | archive-date = October 4, 2011 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Sharp Liquid Crystal Television Instruction Manual | url = http://files.sharpusa.com/Downloads/ForHome/HomeEntertainment/LCDTVs/Manuals/Archive/tel_man_LC32_37_42HT3U.pdf | publisher = Sharp Electronics | access-date = October 8, 2011 | page = 24 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120111111044/http://files.sharpusa.com/Downloads/ForHome/HomeEntertainment/LCDTVs/Manuals/Archive/tel_man_LC32_37_42HT3U.pdf | archive-date = January 11, 2012 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[automobiles]] (Tesla, Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Hyundai and Toyota),&lt;ref name=&quot;Linux cars&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=It's a Linux-powered car world|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/its-a-linux-powered-car-world/|website=ZDNet|author=Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols|date=January 4, 2019|access-date=May 15, 2020|archive-date=August 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803053324/https://www.zdnet.com/article/its-a-linux-powered-car-world/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[spacecraft]] ([[Falcon 9]] rocket, [[SpaceX Dragon 2|Dragon]] crew capsule and the [[Perseverance (rover)|''Perseverance'']] rover).&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/google-amp/article/from-earth-to-orbit-with-linux-and-spacex/|title=From Earth to orbit with Linux and SpaceX &amp;#124; ZDNet|website=www.zdnet.com|access-date=June 6, 2020|archive-date=August 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803060356/https://www.zdnet.com/google-amp/article/from-earth-to-orbit-with-linux-and-spacex/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Linux on Mars! |url=https://www.itpro.com/software/linux/360542/linux-on-mars |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=IT PRO |language=en |archive-date=May 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519145641/https://www.itpro.com/software/linux/360542/linux-on-mars |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open-source [[software]] collaboration. The [[source code]] may be used, modified and distributed commercially or non-commercially by anyone under the terms of its respective licenses, such as the [[GNU General Public License]] (GPL). The Linux kernel, for example, is licensed under the GPLv2, with an exception for [[system call]]s that allows code that calls the kernel via system calls not to be licensed under the GPL.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.18/process/license-rules.html|title=Linux kernel licensing rules|work=Linux kernel documentation|access-date=June 17, 2022|archive-date=September 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220906145357/https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.18/process/license-rules.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{GitHub|https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/LICENSES/exceptions/Linux-syscall-note}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;what&quot; /&gt;{{TOC limit}}<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> {{Main|History of Linux}}<br /> <br /> === Precursors ===<br /> [[File:Linus Torvalds (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Linus Torvalds]], principal author of the [[Linux kernel]] ]]<br /> <br /> The [[Unix]] operating system was conceived and implemented in 1969, at [[AT&amp;T Corporation|AT&amp;T]]'s [[Bell Labs]], in the United States by [[Ken Thompson]], [[Dennis Ritchie]], [[Douglas McIlroy]], and [[Joe Ossanna]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation| title = The UNIX System: The Evolution of the UNIX Time-sharing System| last = Ritchie| first = D.M.| journal = AT&amp;T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal| volume = 63| number = 8| date = October 1984| page = 1577| doi = 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1984.tb00054.x| quote = However, UNIX was born in 1969 ...}}&lt;/ref&gt; First released in 1971, Unix was written entirely in [[assembly language]], as was common practice at the time. In 1973, in a key pioneering approach, it was rewritten in the [[C (programming language)|C]] programming language by Dennis Ritchie (with the exception of some hardware and I/O routines). The availability of a [[high-level language]] implementation of Unix made its [[porting]] to different computer platforms easier.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://opensource.com/article/17/9/open-source-licensing|title=Open source licensing: What every technologist should know|last=Meeker|first=Heather|date=September 21, 2017|website=Opensource.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924185302/https://opensource.com/article/17/9/open-source-licensing|archive-date=September 24, 2017|url-status=live|access-date=September 24, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Due to an earlier [[antitrust case]] forbidding it from entering the computer business, AT&amp;T licensed the operating system's source code as a trade secret to anyone who asked. As a result, Unix grew quickly and became widely adopted by academic institutions and businesses. In 1984, [[Breakup of the Bell System|AT&amp;T divested itself]] of its [[ Regional Bell Operating Company|regional operating companies]], and was released from its obligation not to enter the computer business; freed of that obligation, Bell Labs began selling Unix as a [[Proprietary software|proprietary]] product, where users were not legally allowed to modify it.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vetter2021&quot;&gt;{{cite book | author = Michael Vetter | date = 10 August 2021 | title = Acquisitions and Open Source Software Development | publisher = Springer Nature | page = 13 | isbn = 978-3-658-35084-0 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=L_Q8EAAAQBAJ | access-date = 5 August 2022 | archive-date = August 5, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220805143225/https://books.google.com/books?id=L_Q8EAAAQBAJ | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tozzi2017&quot;&gt;{{cite book | author = Christopher Tozzi | date = 11 August 2017 | title = For Fun and Profit: A History of the Free and Open Source Software Revolution | publisher = MIT Press | page = 52 | isbn = 978-0-262-03647-4 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MXosDwAAQBAJ | access-date = 5 August 2022 | archive-date = August 5, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220805143226/https://books.google.com/books?id=MXosDwAAQBAJ | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Onyx Systems]] began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. Later, [[Sun Microsystems]], founded as a spin-off of a student project at [[Stanford University]], also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. While Sun workstations did not utilize commodity PC hardware, for which Linux was later originally developed, it represented the first successful commercial attempt at distributing a primarily single-user microcomputer that ran a Unix operating system.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/the-cathedral/0596001088/ch01.html |title=The Cathedral and the Bazaar |first=S. Raymond |last=Eric |publisher=O'Reilly &amp; Associates, Inc |location=Sebastopol, California |page=12 |isbn=0-596-00108-8 |date=October 1999 |access-date=July 21, 2022 |quote=In 1982, a group of Unix hackers from Stanford and Berkeley founded Sun Microsystems on the belief that Unix running on relatively inexpensive 68000-based hardware would prove a winning combination for a wide variety of applications. They were right, and their vision set the pattern for an entire industry. While still priced out of reach of most individuals, workstations were cheap for corporations and universities; networks of them (one to a user) rapidly replaced the older VAXes and other time-sharing systems |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718070144/https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/the-cathedral/0596001088/ch01.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-01-31-fi-39535-story.html |title=Sun Microsystems Is Blazing a Red-Hot Trail in Computers: $300-Million AT&amp;T; Deal Moves Firm to Set Sights on IBM |first=Carla |last=Lazzareschi |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=January 31, 1988 |access-date=July 21, 2022 |archive-date=July 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721100144/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-01-31-fi-39535-story.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> With Unix increasingly &quot;locked in&quot; as a proprietary product, the [[GNU Project]], started in 1983 by [[Richard Stallman]], had the goal of creating a &quot;complete Unix-compatible software system&quot; composed entirely of [[free software]]. Work began in 1984.&lt;ref name=&quot;gnu_announce&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/gnu/initial-announcement.html |title=About the GNU Project – Initial Announcement |publisher=Gnu.org |date=June 23, 2008 |access-date=March 9, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305002259/http://www.gnu.org/gnu/initial-announcement.html |archive-date=March 5, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later, in 1985, Stallman started the [[Free Software Foundation]] and wrote the [[GNU General Public License]] (GNU GPL) in 1989. By the early 1990s, many of the programs required in an operating system (such as libraries, [[compiler]]s, [[text editor]]s, a [[Shell (computing)#Command-line shells|command-line shell]], and a [[windowing system]]) were completed, although low-level elements such as [[device driver]]s, [[daemon (computing)|daemons]], and the [[kernel (operating system)|kernel]], called [[GNU Hurd]], were stalled and incomplete.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/050415/open-source-history-why-did-linux-succeed |title=Open Source History: Why Did Linux Succeed? |author=Christopher Tozzi |date=August 23, 2016 |access-date=August 17, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817205211/http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/050415/open-source-history-why-did-linux-succeed |archive-date=August 17, 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[MINIX]] was created by [[Andrew S. Tanenbaum]], a [[computer science]] professor, and released in 1987 as a minimal [[Unix-like]] operating system targeted at students and others who wanted to learn operating system principles. Although the complete source code of MINIX was freely available, the licensing terms prevented it from being [[free software]] until the licensing changed in April 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;minix-lic&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://minix1.woodhull.com/faq/mxlicense.html |title=MINIX is now available under the BSD license |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083114/http://minix1.woodhull.com/faq/mxlicense.html |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live |date=April 9, 2000 |website=minix1.woodhull.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Although not released until 1992, due to [[UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. v. Berkeley Software Design, Inc.|legal complications]], development of [[386BSD]], from which [[NetBSD]], [[OpenBSD]] and [[FreeBSD]] descended, predated that of Linux.<br /> <br /> Linus Torvalds has stated on separate occasions that if the [[GNU kernel]] or 386BSD had been available at the time (1991), he probably would not have created Linux.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.dina.dk/~abraham/Linus_vs_Tanenbaum.html |title=Linus vs. Tanenbaum debate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003060514/http://www.dina.dk/~abraham/Linus_vs_Tanenbaum.html |archive-date=October 3, 2012 |access-date=February 19, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;meta&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://gondwanaland.com/meta/history/interview.html|title=The Choice of a GNU Generation – An Interview With Linus Torvalds|last=Linksvayer|first=Mike|year=1993|work=Meta magazine|access-date=January 20, 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225212557/http://gondwanaland.com/meta/history/interview.html|archive-date=February 25, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Creation ===<br /> While attending the [[University of Helsinki]] in the fall of 1990, Torvalds enrolled in a Unix course.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/08/linux-5 |title=The Greatest OS That (N)ever Was |first=Glyn |last=Moody |publisher=Wired |date=August 1, 1997 |access-date=July 20, 2022 |archive-date=July 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725204746/http://www.wired.com/1997/08/linux-5/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The course utilized a [[MicroVAX]] minicomputer running [[Ultrix]], and one of the required texts was ''[[Operating Systems: Design and Implementation]]'' by [[Andrew S. Tanenbaum]]. This textbook included a copy of Tanenbaum's [[MINIX]] operating system. It was with this course that Torvalds first became exposed to Unix. In 1991, he became curious about operating systems.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite newsgroup | title = What would you like to see most in minix? | newsgroup = comp.os.minix | message-id = 1991Aug25.205708.9541@klaava.Helsinki.FI | url = https://groups.google.com/group/comp.os.minix/msg/b813d52cbc5a044b | last = Torvalds | first = Linus | access-date = September 9, 2006 | archive-date = May 9, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130509134305/http://groups.google.com/group/comp.os.minix/msg/b813d52cbc5a044b | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Frustrated by the licensing of MINIX, which at the time limited it to educational use only,&lt;ref name=&quot;minix-lic&quot; /&gt; he began to work on his own operating system kernel, which eventually became the [[Linux kernel]].<br /> <br /> On July 3, 1991, in an effort to implement Unix [[system call]]s, Linus Torvalds attempted unsuccessfully to obtain a digital copy of the [[POSIX]] standards [[Software documentation|documentation]] with a request to the ''comp.os.minix'' [[Usenet newsgroup|newsgroup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Torvalds |first1=Linus |last2=Diamond |first2=David |date=2001 |title=Just for Fun: The Story of an Accidental Revolutionary |location=[[New York City]] |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |pages=78–80 |isbn=0-06-662073-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; After not finding the POSIX documentation, Torvalds initially resorted to determining system calls from [[SunOS]] documentation owned by the university for use in operating its [[Sun Microsystems]] server. He also learned some system calls from Tanenbaum's MINIX text.<br /> <br /> Torvalds began the development of the Linux kernel on MINIX and applications written for MINIX were also used on Linux. Later, Linux matured and further Linux kernel development took place on Linux systems.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite newsgroup|title=Chicken and egg: How was the first linux gcc binary created??|author=Linus Torvalds|date=October 14, 1992|newsgroup=comp.os.minix|message-id=1992Oct12.100843.26287@klaava.Helsinki.FI|url=https://groups.google.com/group/comp.os.linux/msg/4ae6db18d3f49b0e|access-date=August 17, 2013|archive-date=May 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509140002/http://groups.google.com/group/comp.os.linux/msg/4ae6db18d3f49b0e|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; GNU applications also replaced all MINIX components, because it was advantageous to use the freely available code from the GNU Project with the fledgling operating system; code licensed under the GNU GPL can be reused in other computer programs as long as they also are released under the same or a compatible license. Torvalds initiated a switch from his original license, which prohibited commercial redistribution, to the GNU GPL.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.12 |title=Release notes for Linux v0.12 |last=Torvalds |first=Linus |author-link=Linus Torvalds |date=January 5, 1992 |publisher=Linux Kernel Archives |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819045030/http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.12 |archive-date=August 19, 2007 |access-date=July 23, 2007 |quote=The Linux copyright will change: I've had a couple of requests to make it compatible with the GNU copyleft, removing the &quot;you may not distribute it for money&quot; condition. I agree. I propose that the copyright be changed so that it confirms to GNU ─ pending approval of the persons who have helped write code. I assume this is going to be no problem for anybody: If you have grievances (&quot;I wrote that code assuming the copyright would stay the same&quot;) mail me. Otherwise, The GNU copyleft takes effect since the first of February. If you do not know the gist of the GNU copyright ─ read it.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Developers worked to integrate GNU components with the Linux kernel, creating a fully functional and free operating system.&lt;ref name=&quot;gnu history&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu-history.html |title=Overview of the GNU System |publisher=Gnu.org |access-date=March 9, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228140819/http://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu-history.html |archive-date=February 28, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === {{Anchor|FREAX}}Naming ===<br /> [[File:Linux 0 12.jpg|thumb|5.25-inch [[floppy disk]]s holding a very early version of Linux]]<br /> <br /> Linus Torvalds had wanted to call his invention &quot;'''Freax'''&quot;, a [[portmanteau]] of &quot;free&quot;, &quot;freak&quot;, and &quot;x&quot; (as an allusion to Unix). During the start of his work on the system, some of the project's [[makefile]]s included the name &quot;Freax&quot; for about half a year. Initially, Torvalds considered the name &quot;Linux&quot; but dismissed it as too egotistical.&lt;ref name=&quot;fun&quot;&gt;Torvalds, Linus and Diamond, David, ''Just for Fun: The Story of an Accidental Revolutionary'', 2001, {{ISBN|0-06-662072-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> To facilitate development, the files were uploaded to the [[File Transfer Protocol|FTP server]] (&lt;code&gt;ftp.funet.fi&lt;/code&gt;) of [[FUNET]] in September 1991. Ari Lemmke, Torvalds' coworker at the [[Helsinki University of Technology]] (HUT) who was one of the volunteer administrators for the FTP server at the time, did not think that &quot;Freax&quot; was a good name, so he named the project &quot;Linux&quot; on the server without consulting Torvalds.&lt;ref name=&quot;fun&quot; /&gt; Later, however, Torvalds consented to &quot;Linux&quot;.<br /> <br /> According to a [[Usenet newsgroup|newsgroup]] post by Torvalds,&lt;ref name=&quot;pronunciation-2&quot;/&gt; the word &quot;Linux&quot; should be pronounced ({{IPAc-en|audio=Linus-linux.ogg|ˈ|l|ɪ|n|ʊ|k|s}} {{respell|LIN|uuks}}) with a short 'i' as in 'print' and 'u' as in 'put'. To further demonstrate how the word &quot;Linux&quot; should be pronounced, he included an audio guide with the kernel source code.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pronounce&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url = https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/SillySounds|title = Index of /pub/linux/kernel/SillySounds|access-date = August 3, 2009|last = Torvalds|first = Linus|date = March 1994|url-status=live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091008074754/http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/SillySounds/|archive-date = October 8, 2009|df = mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, in this recording, he pronounces Linux as ''{{IPA|/ˈlinʊks/}}'' ({{respell|LEEN|uuks}}) with a short but [[close front unrounded vowel]], instead of a [[near-close near-front unrounded vowel]] as in his newsgroup post.<br /> <br /> === Commercial and popular uptake ===<br /> {{Main|Linux adoption}}<br /> [[File:Ubuntu_23.10_Mantic_Minotaur_Desktop_English.png|thumb|[[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]], a popular Linux distribution]]<br /> [[File:Nexus 5X (White).jpg|thumb|[[Nexus 5X]] running [[Android (operating system)|Android]] ]]<br /> <br /> Adoption of Linux in production environments, rather than being used only by hobbyists, started to take off first in the mid-1990s in the supercomputing community, where organizations such as [[NASA]] started to replace their increasingly expensive machines with [[computer cluster|clusters]] of inexpensive commodity computers running Linux. Commercial use began when [[Dell]] and [[IBM]], followed by [[Hewlett-Packard]], started offering Linux support to escape [[Microsoft]]'s monopoly in the desktop operating system market.&lt;ref name=&quot;security&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Practical UNIX and Internet Security |first1=Simson |last1=Garfinkel |first2=Gene |last2=Spafford |first3=Alan |last3=Schwartz |publisher=O'Reilly |year=2003 |page=21}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Today, Linux systems are used throughout computing, from [[embedded system]]s to virtually all [[supercomputer]]s,&lt;ref name=&quot;rules_supercomputers&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Linux system development on an embedded device |url=http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-embdev.html |first1=Anand |last1=Santhanam |author2=Vishal Kulkarni |work=DeveloperWorks |publisher=IBM |date=March 1, 2002 |access-date=July 26, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329123926/http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-embdev.html |archive-date=March 29, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; and have secured a place in [[server (computing)|server]] installations such as the popular [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]] application stack. Use of Linux distributions in home and enterprise desktops has been growing.&lt;ref name=&quot;galli2007&quot;&gt;{{cite news | first=Peter | last=Galli | title=Vista Aiding Linux Desktop, Strategist Says | date=August 8, 2007 | publisher=Ziff Davis Enterprise Inc. | url=http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Linux-and-Open-Source/Vista-Aiding-Linux-Desktop-Strategist-Says/ | work=eWEEK | access-date=November 19, 2007 | url-status=live | archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090709050715/http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Linux-and-Open-Source/Vista-Aiding-Linux-Desktop-Strategist-Says/ | archive-date=July 9, 2009 | df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;paul2007&quot;&gt;{{cite news | first=Ryan | last=Paul | title=Linux market share set to surpass Win 98, OS X still ahead of Vista | date=September 3, 2007 | publisher=Ars Technica, LLC | url=https://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070903-linux-marketshare-set-to-surpass-windows-98.html | work=Ars Technica | access-date=November 19, 2007 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116080339/http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070903-linux-marketshare-set-to-surpass-windows-98.html | archive-date=November 16, 2007 | df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;beer2007&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Stan |last=Beer |title=Vista to play second fiddle to XP until 2009: Gartner |date=January 23, 2007 |url=http://www.itwire.com.au/content/view/8842/53/ |work=iTWire |access-date=November 19, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203204529/http://www.itwire.com.au/content/view/8842/53/ |archive-date=December 3, 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;applications2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=2&amp;qpmr=15&amp;qpdt=1&amp;qpct=3&amp;qptimeframe=Y |title=Operating System Marketshare for Year 2007 |access-date=November 19, 2007 |date=November 19, 2007 |work=Market Share |publisher=Net Applications |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624203258/http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=2&amp;qpmr=15&amp;qpdt=1&amp;qpct=3&amp;qptimeframe=Y |archive-date=June 24, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;xitimonitor2007&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Vista slowly continues its growth; Linux more aggressive than Mac OS during the summer |date=September 24, 2007 |publisher=AT Internet/XiTi.com |url=http://www.xitimonitor.com/en-us/internet-users-equipment/operating-systems-august-2007/index-1-2-7-107.html |work=XiTiMonitor |access-date=November 19, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214013746/http://www.xitimonitor.com/en-us/internet-users-equipment/operating-systems-august-2007/index-1-2-7-107.html |archive-date=December 14, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;globalstats2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.w3counter.com/globalstats.php |title=Global Web Stats |access-date=November 19, 2007 |date=November 10, 2007 |work=W3Counter |publisher=Awio Web Services LLC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120628/http://www.w3counter.com/globalstats.php |archive-date=June 28, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;zeitgeist2004&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.google.com/press/zeitgeist/zeitgeist-jun04.html |title=June 2004 Zeitgeist |access-date=November 19, 2007 |date=August 12, 2004 |work=Google Press Center |publisher=Google Inc. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711135752/http://www.google.com/press/zeitgeist/zeitgeist-jun04.html |archive-date=July 11, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Linux distributions have also become popular in the [[netbook]] market, with many devices shipping with customized Linux distributions installed, and Google releasing their own [[ChromeOS]] designed for netbooks.<br /> <br /> Linux's greatest success in the consumer market is perhaps the mobile device market, with [[Android (operating system)|Android]] being the dominant operating system on [[smartphone]]s and very popular on [[Tablet computer|tablets]] and, more recently, on [[wearable technology|wearables]]. [[Linux gaming]] is also on the rise with [[Valve Corporation|Valve]] showing its support for Linux and rolling out [[SteamOS]], its own gaming-oriented Linux distribution, which was later implemented in their [[Steam Deck]] platform. Linux distributions have also gained popularity with various local and national governments, such as the federal government of [[Brazil]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=McMillan|first1=Robert|title=IBM, Brazilian government launch Linux effort|url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/2675550/operating-systems/ibm--brazilian-government-launch-linux-effort.html|website=www.infoworld.com|date=October 10, 2003|publisher=IDG News Service|access-date=February 16, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315055524/http://www.infoworld.com/article/2675550/operating-systems/ibm--brazilian-government-launch-linux-effort.html|archive-date=March 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Current development ===<br /> [[File:In flight system Linux bootup flat.jpg|thumb|[[In-flight entertainment]] system booting up displaying the Linux logo]]<br /> [[Greg Kroah-Hartman]] is the lead maintainer for the Linux kernel and guides its development.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/ |title=About Us - The Linux Foundation |access-date=2018-10-01 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028015400/https://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[William John Sullivan]] is the executive director of the Free Software Foundation,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fsf.org/about/leadership |title=The Free Software Foundation Management |access-date=November 10, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111131624/http://www.fsf.org/about/leadership |archive-date=November 11, 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; which in turn supports the GNU components.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fsf.org/about/ |title=Free software is a matter of liberty, not price — Free Software Foundation — working together for free software |publisher=Fsf.org |access-date=July 12, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714122536/http://www.fsf.org/about |archive-date=July 14, 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Finally, individuals and corporations develop third-party non-GNU components. These third-party components comprise a vast body of work and may include both kernel modules and user applications and libraries.<br /> <br /> Linux vendors and communities combine and distribute the kernel, GNU components, and non-GNU components, with additional [[package management]] software in the form of [[Linux distribution]]s.<br /> <br /> == Design ==<br /> {{See also|Linux kernel#Architecture and features}}<br /> Many [[open source]] developers agree that the Linux kernel was not designed but rather [[evolution|evolved]] through [[natural selection]]. Torvalds considers that although the design of Unix served as a scaffolding, &quot;Linux grew with a lot of mutations – and because the mutations were less than random, they were faster and more directed than [[Mutation#Induced mutation|alpha-particles in DNA]].&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Email correspondence on the Linux Kernel development mailing list {{cite web |author1=Linus Torvalds |title=Re: Coding style, a non-issue |url=https://lwn.net/2001/1206/a/no-design.php3 |website=kernel.org |date=November 30, 2001 |access-date=August 10, 2020 |archive-date=August 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812201159/https://lwn.net/2001/1206/a/no-design.php3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Eric S. Raymond]] considers Linux's revolutionary aspects to be social, not technical: before Linux, complex software was designed carefully by small groups, but &quot;Linux evolved in a completely different way. From nearly the beginning, it was rather casually hacked on by huge numbers of volunteers coordinating only through the Internet. Quality was maintained not by rigid standards or autocracy but by the naively simple strategy of releasing every week and getting feedback from hundreds of users within days, creating a sort of rapid Darwinian selection on the mutations introduced by developers.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Raymond |first1=Eric S. |editor1-last=O'Reilly |editor1-first=Tim |title=The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary |date=2001 |publisher=O'Reilly &amp; Associates |isbn=0-596-00108-8 |page=16 |edition=Second}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bryan Cantrill]], an engineer of a competing OS, agrees that &quot;Linux wasn't designed, it evolved&quot;, but considers this to be a limitation, proposing that some features, especially those related to security,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;You have to design it you [[Fitness landscape|cannot asymptotically reach]] Security.&quot; Cantrill 2017&lt;/ref&gt; cannot be evolved into, &quot;this is not a biological system at the end of the day, it's a software system.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media |date=November 26, 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ya6h2zKlpaQ |title=The Cantrill Strikes Back {{!}} BSD Now 117 |publisher=[[Jupiter Broadcasting]] |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214063300/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ya6h2zKlpaQ |archive-date=December 14, 2020 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A Linux-based system is a modular [[Unix-like]] operating system, deriving much of its basic design from principles established in Unix during the 1970s and 1980s. Such a system uses a [[monolithic kernel]], the [[Linux kernel]], which handles process control, networking, access to the [[peripheral]]s, and [[file system]]s. [[Device driver]]s are either integrated directly with the kernel, or added as modules that are loaded while the system is running.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1806585/why-is-linux-called-a-monolithic-kernel | title = Why is Linux called a monolithic kernel? | year = 2009 | access-date = October 16, 2013 | publisher = stackoverflow.com | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131017065550/http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1806585/why-is-linux-called-a-monolithic-kernel | archive-date = October 17, 2013 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The GNU [[user space and kernel space|userland]] is a key part of most systems based on the Linux kernel, with Android being the notable exception. The [[glibc|GNU C library]], an implementation of the [[C standard library]], works as a wrapper for the [[system call]]s of the Linux kernel necessary to the kernel-userspace interface, the [[GNU toolchain|toolchain]] is a broad collection of programming tools vital to Linux development (including the [[GNU Compiler Collection|compilers]] used to build the Linux kernel itself), and the [[GNU Core Utilities|coreutils]] implement many basic [[List of Unix commands|Unix tools]]. The GNU Project also develops [[Bash (Unix shell)|Bash]], a popular [[Command-line interface|CLI]] shell. The [[graphical user interface]] (or GUI) used by most Linux systems is built on top of an implementation of the [[X Window System]].&lt;ref name=&quot;oreilly-anatomy&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/m.dodge/cybergeography/atlas/linux_anatomy.pdf|title=Anatomy of a Linux System|date=July 23–26, 2001|publisher=O'Reilly|access-date=October 10, 2018|archive-date=September 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904023052/https://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/m.dodge/cybergeography/atlas/linux_anatomy.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; More recently, the Linux community seeks to advance to [[Wayland (protocol)|Wayland]] as the new display server protocol in place of [[X Window System|X11]]. Many other open-source software projects contribute to Linux systems.<br /> {{Linux layers}}<br /> <br /> Installed components of a Linux system include the following:&lt;ref name=&quot;oreilly-anatomy&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-linuxboot/ |title=Inside the Linux boot process |last=M. Tim Jones |date=May 31, 2006 |publisher=IBM Developer Works |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017052010/http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-linuxboot/ |archive-date=October 17, 2013 |access-date=October 16, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * A [[bootloader]], for example [[GNU GRUB]], [[LILO (bootloader)|LILO]], [[SYSLINUX]] or [[systemd-boot]]. This is a program that loads the Linux kernel into the computer's [[main memory]], by being executed by the computer when it is turned on and after the [[firmware]] initialization is performed.<br /> * An [[init]] program, such as the traditional [[sysvinit]] and the newer [[systemd]], [[OpenRC]] and [[Upstart (software)|Upstart]]. This is the first [[Process (computing)|process]] launched by the Linux kernel, and is at the root of the process tree. It starts processes such as system services and login prompts (whether graphical or in terminal mode).<br /> * [[Library (computing)|Software libraries]], which contain code that can be used by running processes. On Linux systems using [[Executable and Linkable Format|ELF]]-format executable files, the [[dynamic linker]] that manages the use of dynamic libraries is known as [[ld-linux.so]]. If the system is set up for the user to compile software themselves, [[header file]]s will also be included to describe the [[API|programming interface]] of installed libraries. Besides the most commonly used software library on Linux systems, the [[GNU C Library]] (glibc), there are numerous other libraries, such as [[Simple DirectMedia Layer|SDL]] and [[Mesa (computer graphics)|Mesa]].<br /> ** The [[C standard library]] is the library necessary to run programs written in [[C (programming language)|C]] on a computer system, with the GNU C Library being the standard. It provides an implementation of the POSIX API, as well as extensions to that API. For embedded systems, alternatives such as [[musl]], [[EGLIBC]] (a glibc fork once used by Debian) and [[uClibc]] (which was designed for [[uClinux]]) have been developed, although the last two are no longer maintained. Android uses its own C library, [[Bionic (software)|Bionic]]. However, musl can additionally be used as a replacement for glibc on desktop and laptop systems, as seen on certain Linux distributions like [[Void Linux]].<br /> * Basic Unix commands, with GNU coreutils being the standard implementation. Alternatives exist for embedded systems, such as the copyleft [[BusyBox]], and the BSD-licensed [[Toybox]].<br /> * [[Widget toolkit]]s are the libraries used to build [[graphical user interface]]s (GUIs) for software applications. Numerous widget toolkits are available, including [[GTK]] and [[Clutter (software)|Clutter]] developed by the [[GNOME Project]], [[Qt (software)|Qt]] developed by the [[Qt Project]] and led by [[The Qt Company]], and [[Enlightenment Foundation Libraries]] (EFL) developed primarily by the [[Enlightenment (software)|Enlightenment]] team.<br /> * A [[package manager|package management system]], such as [[dpkg]] and [[RPM Package Manager|RPM]]. Alternatively packages can be compiled from binary or source [[Tar (computing)|tarballs]].<br /> * User interface programs such as command shells or windowing environments.<br /> <br /> === User interface ===<br /> The [[user interface]], also known as the [[shell (computing)|shell]], is either a [[command-line interface]] (CLI), a [[graphical user interface]] (GUI), or controls attached to the associated hardware, which is common for [[embedded system]]s. For desktop systems, the default user interface is usually graphical, although the CLI is commonly available through [[terminal emulator]] windows or on a separate [[virtual console]].<br /> <br /> CLI shells are text-based user interfaces, which use text for both input and output. The dominant shell used in Linux is the [[bash (Unix shell)|Bourne-Again Shell]] (bash), originally developed for the [[GNU Project]]. Most low-level Linux components, including various parts of the [[Userland (computing)|userland]], use the CLI exclusively. The CLI is particularly suited for automation of repetitive or delayed tasks and provides very simple [[inter-process communication]].<br /> <br /> On desktop systems, the most popular user interfaces are the [[GUI shell]]s, packaged together with extensive [[desktop environment]]s, such as [[KDE Plasma 5|KDE Plasma]], [[GNOME]], [[MATE (software)|MATE]], [[Cinnamon (desktop environment)|Cinnamon]], [[LXDE]], [[Elementary OS|Pantheon]] and [[Xfce]], though a variety of additional user interfaces exist. Most popular user interfaces are based on the [[X Window System]], often simply called &quot;X&quot;. It provides [[network transparency]] and permits a graphical application running on one system to be displayed on another where a user may interact with the application; however, certain extensions of the X Window System are not capable of working over the network.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = https://lwn.net/Articles/553415/ |title = The Wayland Situation: Facts About X vs. Wayland (Phoronix) |date = June 8, 2013 |access-date = October 11, 2013 |publisher = [[LWN.net]] |author = Jake Edge |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131022030529/http://lwn.net/Articles/553415/ |archive-date = October 22, 2013 |df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; Several X display servers exist, with the reference implementation, [[X.Org Server]], being the most popular.<br /> <br /> [[Server (computing)|Server]] distributions might provide a command-line interface for developers and administrators, but provide a custom interface towards end-users, designed for the use-case of the system. This custom interface is accessed through a client that resides on another system, not necessarily Linux based.<br /> <br /> Several types of [[window manager]]s exist for X11, including [[Tiling window manager|tiling]], [[Dynamic window manager|dynamic]], [[stacking window manager|stacking]] and [[compositing window manager|compositing]]. Window managers provide means to control the placement and appearance of individual application windows, and interact with the X Window System. Simpler [[X window manager]]s such as [[dwm]], [[ratpoison]], [[i3 (window manager)|i3wm]], or herbstluftwm provide a [[Minimalism (computing)|minimalist]] functionality, while more elaborate window managers such as [[FVWM]], [[Enlightenment (software)|Enlightenment]] or [[Window Maker]] provide more features such as a built-in [[taskbar]] and [[theme (computing)|themes]], but are still lightweight when compared to desktop environments. Desktop environments include window managers as part of their standard installations, such as [[Mutter (software)|Mutter]] (GNOME), [[KWin]] (KDE) or [[Xfwm]] (xfce), although users may choose to use a different window manager if preferred.<br /> <br /> [[Wayland (protocol)|Wayland]] is a display server protocol intended as a replacement for the X11 protocol; {{As of|2022|lc=yes}}, it has received relatively wide adoption.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | last=Miller | first=Matthew | url=https://fedoramagazine.org/announcing-fedora-36/ | title=Announcing Fedora 36 | access-date=2022-10-28 | date=May 6, 2022 | archive-date=August 2, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802155254/https://fedoramagazine.org/announcing-fedora-36/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Unlike X11, Wayland does not need an external window manager and compositing manager. Therefore, a Wayland compositor takes the role of the display server, window manager and compositing manager. Weston is the reference implementation of Wayland, while GNOME's Mutter and KDE's KWin are being ported to Wayland as standalone display servers. Enlightenment has already been successfully ported since version 19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Diener|first=Derrik|title=What Is Wayland and What Does It Means for Linux Users|url=https://www.maketecheasier.com/what-is-wayland/|access-date=2021-02-14|website=www.maketecheasier.com/|date=December 6, 2016|language=en-US|archive-date=January 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127202354/https://www.maketecheasier.com/what-is-wayland/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Video input infrastructure ===<br /> {{Main|Video4Linux}}<br /> <br /> Linux currently has two modern kernel-userspace APIs for handling video input devices: [[Video4Linux|V4L2]] API for video streams and radio, and [[DVB]] API for digital TV reception.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://linuxtv.org/ | title = Linux TV: Television with Linux | access-date = October 16, 2013 | publisher = linuxtv.org | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131106185814/http://linuxtv.org/ | archive-date = November 6, 2013 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Due to the complexity and diversity of different devices, and due to the large number of formats and standards handled by those APIs, this infrastructure needs to evolve to better fit other devices. Also, a good userspace device library is the key of the success for having userspace applications to be able to work with all formats supported by those devices.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://lwn.net/Articles/203924/ | title = The Video4Linux2 API: an introduction | date = October 11, 2006 | access-date = October 16, 2013 | author = Jonathan Corbet | publisher = [[LWN.net]] | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131007115957/http://lwn.net/Articles/203924/ | archive-date = October 7, 2013 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://linuxtv.org/downloads/v4l-dvb-apis/compat.html | title = Part I. Video for Linux Two API Specification | work = Chapter 7. Changes | access-date = October 16, 2013 | publisher = linuxtv.org | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131017050817/http://linuxtv.org/downloads/v4l-dvb-apis/compat.html | archive-date = October 17, 2013 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Development ==<br /> [[File:Unix timeline.en.svg|thumb|upright=2.25|Simplified history of [[Unix-like]] operating systems. Linux shares similar architecture and concepts (as part of the [[POSIX]] standard) but does not share non-free source code with the original [[Unix]] or [[MINIX]].]]<br /> {{Main|Linux distribution|Free software}}<br /> <br /> The primary difference between Linux and many other popular contemporary operating systems is that the [[Linux kernel]] and other components are [[free software|free]] and [[open-source software]]. Linux is not the only such operating system, although it is by far the most widely used.&lt;ref name=&quot;MarketShare09NOV&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url = http://marketshare.hitslink.com/operating-system-market-share.aspx?qprid=8|title = Operating System Market Share|access-date = December 11, 2009|last = Operating System Market Share|date = November 2009|url-status=live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100125022803/http://marketshare.hitslink.com/operating-system-market-share.aspx?qprid=8|archive-date = January 25, 2010|df = mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Some [[free software license|free]] and [[open-source license|open-source software licenses]] are based on the principle of [[copyleft]], a kind of reciprocity: any work derived from a copyleft piece of software must also be copyleft itself. The most common free software license, the [[GNU General Public License]] (GPL), is a form of copyleft, and is used for the Linux kernel and many of the components from the [[GNU Project]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=gnu.org|url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/copyleft.en.html|website=www.gnu.org|language=en|access-date=2020-05-12|archive-date=October 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006133153/https://www.gnu.org/licenses/copyleft.en.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Linux-based distributions are intended by developers for [[interoperability]] with other operating systems and established computing standards. Linux systems adhere to [[POSIX]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.ukuug.org/newsletter/linux-newsletter/linux@uk21/posix.shtml | title = POSIX.1 (FIPS 151-2) Certification | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120226091425/http://www.ukuug.org/newsletter/linux-newsletter/linux@uk21/posix.shtml | archive-date = February 26, 2012 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Single UNIX Specification|SUS]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems? | url = http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices | work = Debian FAQ | publisher = the Debian project | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111016004547/http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices | archive-date = October 16, 2011 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Linux Standard Base|LSB]], [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]], and [[American National Standards Institute|ANSI]] standards where possible, although to date only one Linux distribution has been POSIX.1 certified, Linux-FT.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/0131 |title=Certifying Linux |last=Eissfeldt |first=Heiko |date=August 1, 1996 |publisher=Linux Journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404122450/http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/0131 |archive-date=April 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/ch-compat.en.html |title=The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ – Compatibility issues |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010111215/http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/ch-compat.en.html |archive-date=October 10, 2011 |access-date=September 17, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Free software projects, although developed through [[collaboration]], are often produced independently of each other. The fact that the software licenses explicitly permit redistribution, however, provides a basis for larger-scale projects that collect the software produced by stand-alone projects and make it available all at once in the form of a Linux distribution.<br /> <br /> Many Linux distributions manage a remote collection of system software and application software packages available for download and installation through a network connection. This allows users to adapt the operating system to their specific needs. Distributions are maintained by individuals, loose-knit teams, volunteer organizations, and commercial entities. A distribution is responsible for the default configuration of the installed Linux kernel, general system security, and more generally integration of the different software packages into a coherent whole. Distributions typically use a [[package manager]] such as [[APT (software)|apt]], [[yum (software)|yum]], [[ZYpp|zypper]], [[Pacman (package manager)|pacman]] or [[Portage (software)|portage]] to install, remove, and update all of a system's software from one central location.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The evolution of package managers|url=https://opensource.com/article/18/7/evolution-package-managers|last=comments|first=26 Jul 2018 Steve OvensFeed 151up 9|website=Opensource.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-12|archive-date=July 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726211300/https://opensource.com/article/18/7/evolution-package-managers|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Community ===<br /> {{See also|Free software community|Linux User Group}}<br /> <br /> A distribution is largely driven by its developer and user communities. Some vendors develop and fund their distributions on a volunteer basis, [[Debian]] being a well-known example. Others maintain a community version of their commercial distributions, as [[Red Hat]] does with [[Fedora Linux|Fedora]], and [[SUSE]] does with [[openSUSE]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://getfedora.org/|title=Get Fedora|website=getfedora.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-24|archive-date=July 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711030627/https://getfedora.org/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.opensuse.org/|title=The makers' choice for sysadmins, developers and desktop users.|last=design|first=Cynthia Sanchez: front-end and UI, Zvezdana Marjanovic: graphic|website=openSUSE|access-date=2020-02-24|archive-date=August 5, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050805025740/https://www.opensuse.org/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In many cities and regions, local associations known as [[Linux User Group]]s (LUGs) seek to promote their preferred distribution and by extension free software. They hold meetings and provide free demonstrations, training, technical support, and operating system installation to new users. Many Internet communities also provide support to Linux users and developers. Most distributions and free software / open-source projects have [[Internet Relay Chat|IRC]] chatrooms or [[newsgroup]]s. [[Internet forum|Online forums]] are another means for support, with notable examples being [[LinuxQuestions.org]] and the various distribution specific support and community forums, such as ones for [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]], [[Fedora Linux|Fedora]], and [[Gentoo Linux|Gentoo]]. Linux distributions host [[mailing list]]s; commonly there will be a specific topic such as usage or development for a given list.<br /> <br /> There are several technology websites with a Linux focus. Print magazines on Linux often bundle [[cover disk]]s that carry software or even complete Linux distributions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.linuxformat.co.uk/dvd/ | title=Linux Format DVD contents | author=[[Linux Format]] | access-date=January 17, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080808113845/http://www.linuxformat.co.uk/dvd/|archive-date=August 8, 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.linux-magazine.com/resources/current_issue | title=Current Issue | author=linux-magazine.com | access-date=January 17, 2008 | author-link=Linux Magazine | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110033853/http://www.linux-magazine.com/resources/current_issue | archive-date=January 10, 2008 | df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Although Linux distributions are generally available without charge, several large corporations sell, support, and contribute to the development of the components of the system and of [[free software]]. An analysis of the Linux kernel in 2017 showed that well over 85% of the code developed by programmers who are being paid for their work, leaving about 8.2% to unpaid developers and 4.1% unclassified.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=State of Linux Kernel Development 2017|url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/tools/state-of-linux-kernel-development-2017/|access-date=2021-11-14|website=Linux Foundation|language=en-US|archive-date=November 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114072617/https://www.linuxfoundation.org/tools/state-of-linux-kernel-development-2017/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Some of the major corporations that provide contributions include [[Intel]], [[Samsung]], [[Google]], [[AMD]], [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]] and [[Facebook]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=State of Linux Kernel Development 2017|url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/tools/state-of-linux-kernel-development-2017/|access-date=2021-11-14|website=Linux Foundation|language=en-US|archive-date=November 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114072617/https://www.linuxfoundation.org/tools/state-of-linux-kernel-development-2017/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; A number of corporations, notably Red Hat, [[Canonical (company)|Canonical]] and [[SUSE]], have built a significant business around Linux distributions. <br /> <br /> The [[free software license]]s, on which the various software packages of a distribution built on the Linux kernel are based, explicitly accommodate and encourage commercialization; the relationship between a Linux distribution as a whole and individual vendors may be seen as [[symbiosis|symbiotic]]. One common [[business model]] of commercial suppliers is charging for support, especially for business users. A number of companies also offer a specialized business version of their distribution, which adds proprietary support packages and tools to administer higher numbers of installations or to simplify administrative tasks.<br /> <br /> Another business model is to give away the software to sell hardware. This used to be the norm in the computer industry, with operating systems such as [[CP/M]], [[Apple DOS]] and versions of the [[classic Mac OS]] prior to 7.6 freely copyable (but not modifiable). As computer hardware standardized throughout the 1980s, it became more difficult for hardware manufacturers to profit from this tactic, as the OS would run on any manufacturer's computer that shared the same architecture.<br /> <br /> === Programming on Linux ===<br /> Most [[programming language]]s support Linux either directly or through third-party community based [[Porting|ports]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/GFortran |title=gfortran — the GNU Fortran compiler, part of GCC |website=GNU GCC |access-date=3 May 2020 |archive-date=April 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418073603/http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/GFortran |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The original development tools used for building both Linux applications and operating system programs are found within the [[GNU toolchain]], which includes the [[GNU Compiler Collection]] (GCC) and the [[GNU Build System]]. Amongst others, GCC provides compilers for [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]] and [[Fortran]]. Many programming languages have a cross-platform reference implementation that supports Linux, for example [[PHP]], [[Perl]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]] and [[Haskell]]. First released in 2003, the [[LLVM]] project provides an alternative cross-platform open-source compiler for many languages. [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] compilers for Linux include the [[Intel C++ Compiler]], [[Sun Studio (software)|Sun Studio]], and [[IBM XL C/C++ Compilers|IBM XL C/C++ Compiler]]. [[BASIC]] is available in [[procedural programming|procedural]] form from [[QB64]], [[PureBasic]], [[Yabasic]], [[GLBasic]], [[Basic4GL]], [[XBasic]], [[wxBasic]], [[SdlBasic]], and [[Basic-256]], as well as [[object oriented programming|object oriented]] through [[Gambas]], [[FreeBASIC]], [[B4X]], [[Basic for Qt]], [[Phoenix Object Basic]], [[NS Basic]], [[ProvideX]], [[Chipmunk Basic]], [[RapidQ]] and [[Xojo]]. [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]] is implemented through [[GNU Pascal]], [[Free Pascal]], and [[Virtual Pascal]], as well as graphically via [[Lazarus (software)|Lazarus]], [[PascalABC.NET]], or [[Delphi (software)|Delphi]] using [[FireMonkey]] (previously through [[Borland Kylix]]).<br /> <br /> A common feature of Unix-like systems, Linux includes traditional specific-purpose programming languages targeted at [[scripting language|scripting]], text processing and system configuration and management in general. Linux distributions support [[shell script]]s, [[AWK|awk]], [[sed]] and [[make (software)|make]]. Many programs also have an embedded programming language to support configuring or programming themselves. For example, [[regular expression]]s are supported in programs like [[grep]] and [[locate (Unix)|locate]], the traditional Unix message transfer agent [[Sendmail]] contains its own [[Turing completeness|Turing complete]] scripting system, and the advanced text editor [[GNU Emacs]] is built around a general purpose [[Emacs Lisp|Lisp]] interpreter.<br /> <br /> Most distributions also include support for [[PHP]], [[Perl]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]] and other [[dynamic programming language|dynamic languages]]. While not as common, Linux also supports [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]] and other [[Common Language Infrastructure|CLI]] [[List of CLI languages|languages]] (via [[Mono (software)|Mono]]), [[Vala (programming language)|Vala]], and [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]]. [[Guile (programming language)|Guile Scheme]] acts as an [[scripting language|extension language]] targeting the [[GNU]] system utilities, seeking to make the conventionally small, [[static typing|static]], compiled [[C (programming language)|C]] programs of [[Unix philosophy|Unix design]] rapidly and dynamically extensible via an elegant, [[functional programming|functional]] high-level scripting system; many GNU programs can be compiled with optional Guile [[language binding|bindings]] to this end. A number of [[Java virtual machine]]s and development kits run on Linux, including the original Sun Microsystems JVM ([[HotSpot (virtual machine)|HotSpot]]), and IBM's J2SE RE, as well as many open-source projects like [[Kaffe]] and [[Jikes RVM]]; [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]], [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]], [[Apache Groovy|Groovy]] and other [[List of JVM languages|JVM languages]] are also available.<br /> <br /> [[GNOME]] and [[KDE]] are popular [[desktop environment]]s and provide a framework for developing applications. These projects are based on the [[GTK]] and [[Qt (toolkit)|Qt]] widget toolkits, respectively, which can also be used independently of the larger framework. Both support a wide variety of languages. There are [[:Category:Linux integrated development environments|a number]] of [[Integrated development environment]]s available including [[Anjuta]], [[Code::Blocks]], [[CodeLite]], [[Eclipse (software)|Eclipse]], [[Geany]], [[ActiveState Komodo]], [[KDevelop]], [[Lazarus (software)|Lazarus]], [[MonoDevelop]], [[NetBeans]], and [[Qt Creator]], while the long-established editors [[Vim (text editor)|Vim]], [[GNU nano|nano]] and [[Emacs]] remain popular.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | first = Joe | last = Brockmeier | title = A survey of Linux Web development tools | url = http://programming.linux.com/programming/05/10/03/1828224.shtml?tid=63&amp;tid=47 | access-date = December 16, 2006 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061019021449/http://programming.linux.com/programming/05/10/03/1828224.shtml?tid=63&amp;tid=47 | archive-date = October 19, 2006 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Hardware support ==<br /> [[File:Linux kernel ubiquity.svg|thumb|right|upright=2.25|Linux is ubiquitously found on various types of hardware.]]<br /> {{See also|List of Linux-supported computer architectures}}<br /> <br /> The Linux kernel is a widely [[porting|ported]] operating system kernel, available for devices ranging from mobile phones to supercomputers; it runs on a highly diverse range of [[computer architecture]]s, including [[ARM architecture family|ARM]]-based [[Android (operating system)|Android]] smartphones and the [[IBM Z]] mainframes. Specialized distributions and kernel forks exist for less mainstream architectures; for example, the [[Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset|ELKS]] kernel [[fork (software development)|fork]] can run on [[Intel 8086]] or [[Intel 80286]] 16-bit microprocessors, while the [[µClinux]] kernel fork may run on systems without a [[memory management unit]]. The kernel also runs on architectures that were only ever intended to use a manufacturer-created operating system, such as [[Macintosh]] computers&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Das|first=Ankush|date=2021-01-21|title=Finally! Linux Runs Gracefully On Apple M1 Chip|url=https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-apple-m1/|access-date=2021-11-13|website=It's FOSS News|language=en-US|archive-date=November 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113113053/https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-apple-m1/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Jimenez|first=Jorge|date=2021-10-08|title=Developers finally get Linux running on an Apple M1-powered Mac|language=en|work=PC Gamer|url=https://www.pcgamer.com/developers-finally-get-linux-running-on-an-apple-m1-powered-mac/|access-date=2021-11-13|archive-date=January 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111042438/https://www.pcgamer.com/developers-finally-get-linux-running-on-an-apple-m1-powered-mac/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; (with [[PowerPC]], [[Intel]], and [[Apple silicon]] processors), [[Personal digital assistant|PDAs]], [[video game console]]s, [[Portable media player|portable music players]], and mobile phones.<br /> <br /> Linux has a reputation of supporting old hardware very well by maintaining standardized drivers for a long time.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Proven |first=Liam |date=2022-11-10 |title=OpenPrinting keeps old printers working, even on Windows |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/11/10/openprinting_keeps_old_printers_working/ |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=[[The Register]] |language=en |archive-date=January 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107164300/https://www.theregister.com/2022/11/10/openprinting_keeps_old_printers_working/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; There are several industry associations and hardware [[Convention (meeting)|conferences]] devoted to maintaining and improving support for diverse hardware under Linux, such as [[FreedomHEC]]. Over time, support for different hardware has improved in Linux, resulting in any off-the-shelf purchase having a &quot;good chance&quot; of being compatible.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.linux.com/news/hardware/drivers/8203-is-my-hardware-linux-compatible-find-out-here |title=Is my hardware Linux-compatible? Find out here |date=August 14, 2007 |author=Bruce Byfield |website=Linux.com |access-date=September 4, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905214148/http://www.linux.com/news/hardware/drivers/8203-is-my-hardware-linux-compatible-find-out-here |archive-date=September 5, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2014, a new initiative was launched to automatically collect a database of all tested hardware configurations.&lt;ref name=&quot;linuxhw&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://linux-hardware.org/ | title = Linux Hardware | access-date = 2020-06-26 | publisher = Linux Hardware Project | archive-date = January 26, 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210126054431/https://linux-hardware.org/ | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Uses ==<br /> {{Main|Linux range of use}}<br /> <br /> == Market share and uptake ==<br /> {{Main|Linux adoption}}<br /> {{See also|Usage share of operating systems}}<br /> <br /> Many quantitative studies of [[free software|free]]/open-source software focus on topics including market share and reliability, with numerous studies specifically examining Linux.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | first = David A | last = Wheeler | url = http://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html | title = Why Open Source Software/Free Software (OSS/FS)? Look at the Numbers! | access-date = April 1, 2006 | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060405112628/http://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html | archive-date = April 5, 2006 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Linux market is growing, and the Linux operating system market size is expected to see a growth of 19.2% by 2027, reaching $15.64 billion, compared to $3.89 billion in 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Linux Operating System Market Size, Share and Forecast [2020-2027]|url=https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/linux-operating-system-market-103037|access-date=2021-11-12|website=www.fortunebusinessinsights.com|archive-date=November 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112140435/https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/linux-operating-system-market-103037|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Analysts and proponents attribute the relative success of Linux to its security, reliability, low cost, and freedom from [[vendor lock-in]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.ca.com/za/news/2005/20051010_linux.htm| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070217125550/http://www.ca.com/za/news/2005/20051010_linux.htm| archive-date = February 17, 2007| title = The rise and rise of Linux|date=October 10, 2005|publisher=Computer Associates International}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www-306.ibm.com/software/info/features/feb152005/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080603232638/http://www-306.ibm.com/software/info/features/feb152005/ | archive-date = June 3, 2008 | title = Why customers are flocking to Linux |author=Jeffrey S. Smith|publisher=[[IBM]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ; Desktops and laptops<br /> : According to [[web analytics|web server statistics]] (that is, based on the numbers recorded from visits to websites by client devices), {{as of|2022|05|lc=y}}, the estimated market share of Linux on [[desktop computer]]s is around 2.5%. In comparison, [[Microsoft Windows]] has a market share of around 75.5%, while [[macOS]] covers around 14.9%.&lt;ref name=&quot;statcounter-desktop&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ; Web servers<br /> <br /> : W3Cook publishes stats that use the top 1,000,000 Alexa domains,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=W3Cook FAQ|url=http://www.w3cook.com/faq/home|website=W3Cook.com|access-date=June 30, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627014517/http://www.w3cook.com/faq/home|archive-date=June 27, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; which {{as of|2015|5|lc=yes}} estimate that 96.55% of web servers run Linux, 1.73% run Windows, and 1.72% run FreeBSD.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OS Market Share and Usage Trends|url=http://www.w3cook.com/os/summary/|website=W3Cook.com|access-date=June 30, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150806093859/http://www.w3cook.com/os/summary//|archive-date = August 6, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> :W3Techs publishes stats that use the top 10,000,000 Alexa domains and the top 1,000,000 Tranco domains, updated monthly&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Technologies Overview - methodology information|url=http://w3techs.com/technologies|website=W3Techs.com|access-date=June 30, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; and {{as of|November 2020|lc=true}} estimate that Linux is used by 39% of the web servers, versus 21.9% being used by [[Microsoft Windows]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Linux vs. Windows usage statistics, November 2021|url=https://w3techs.com/technologies/comparison/os-linux,os-windows|access-date=2021-11-14|website=w3techs.com|archive-date=January 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111042441/https://w3techs.com/technologies/comparison/os-linux,os-windows|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 40.1% used other types of [[Unix]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Usage Statistics and Market Share of Unix for Websites, November 2021|url=https://w3techs.com/technologies/details/os-unix|access-date=2021-11-14|website=w3techs.com|archive-date=January 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111042439/https://w3techs.com/technologies/details/os-unix|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> :[[International Data Corporation|IDC]]'s Q1 2007 report indicated that Linux held 12.7% of the overall server market at that time;&lt;ref name=&quot;Linux-watch.com IDC's Q1 2007 report&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.linux-watch.com/news/NS5369154346.html |title=─ IDC Q1 2007 report |publisher=Linux-watch.com |date=May 29, 2007 |access-date=March 9, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq1DzaMY?url=http://www.linux-watch.com/news/NS5369154346.html |archive-date=January 17, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; this estimate was based on the number of Linux servers sold by various companies, and did not include server hardware purchased separately that had Linux installed on it later.<br /> <br /> ; Mobile devices<br /> : Android, which is based on the Linux kernel, has become the dominant operating system for [[smartphone]]s. In April 2023, 68.61% of mobile devices accessing websites using [[StatCounter]] were from Android.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mobile Operating System Market Share Worldwide |url=https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/mobile/worldwide |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=StatCounter Global Stats |language=en |archive-date=October 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011012110/https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/mobile/worldwide |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Android is also a popular operating system for tablets, being responsible for more than 60% of tablet sales {{as of|2013|lc=true}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url = http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2674215|title = Gartner Says Worldwide Tablet Sales Grew 68 Percent in 2013, With Android Capturing 62 Percent of the Market|last = Egham|date = March 3, 2014|access-date = June 13, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140417073251/http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2674215|archive-date = April 17, 2014|df = mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to web server statistics, {{as of|2021|10|lc=yes}} Android has a market share of about 71%, with [[iOS]] holding 28%, and the remaining 1% attributed to various niche platforms.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Mobile/Tablet Operating System Market Share|url=https://netmarketshare.com/operating-system-market-share.aspx?options=%7B%22filter%22%3A%7B%22%24and%22%3A%5B%7B%22deviceType%22%3A%7B%22%24in%22%3A%5B%22Mobile%22%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D%2C%22dateLabel%22%3A%22Trend%22%2C%22attributes%22%3A%22share%22%2C%22group%22%3A%22platform%22%2C%22sort%22%3A%7B%22share%22%3A-1%7D%2C%22id%22%3A%22platformsMobile%22%2C%22dateInterval%22%3A%22Monthly%22%2C%22dateStart%22%3A%222019-11%22%2C%22dateEnd%22%3A%222020-10%22%2C%22segments%22%3A%22-1000%22%7D|website=Netmarketshare.com|access-date=October 14, 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628033222/https://netmarketshare.com/operating-system-market-share.aspx?options=%7B%22filter%22%3A%7B%22%24and%22%3A%5B%7B%22deviceType%22%3A%7B%22%24in%22%3A%5B%22Mobile%22%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D%2C%22dateLabel%22%3A%22Trend%22%2C%22attributes%22%3A%22share%22%2C%22group%22%3A%22platform%22%2C%22sort%22%3A%7B%22share%22%3A-1%7D%2C%22id%22%3A%22platformsMobile%22%2C%22dateInterval%22%3A%22Monthly%22%2C%22dateStart%22%3A%222019-11%22%2C%22dateEnd%22%3A%222020-10%22%2C%22segments%22%3A%22-1000%22%7D|archive-date=June 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ; Film production<br /> : For years Linux has been the platform of choice in the film industry. The first major film produced on Linux servers was 1997's ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Strauss|first=Daryll|title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life|url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494?page=0,0|access-date=July 28, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112151726/http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494?page=0,0|archive-date=January 12, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Rowe|first=Robin|title=Linux and Star Trek|url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6339|access-date=July 28, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712200616/http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6339|archive-date=July 12, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Since then major studios including [[DreamWorks Animation]], [[Pixar]], [[Weta Digital]], and [[Industrial Light &amp; Magic]] have migrated to Linux.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/5472 | title = Industry of Change: Linux Storms Hollywood | access-date = March 11, 2009 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090411054311/http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/5472 | archive-date = April 11, 2009 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://video.fosdem.org/2008/maintracks/FOSDEM2008-tuxwithshades.ogg | title = Tux with Shades, Linux in Hollywood | access-date = March 11, 2009 | archive-date = January 11, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230111042527/https://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/fosdem-video/2008/maintracks/FOSDEM2008-tuxwithshades.ogg | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.wetafx.co.nz/jobs/ | title = Weta Digital – Jobs | access-date = November 17, 2010 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101230083916/http://www.wetafx.co.nz/jobs | archive-date = December 30, 2010 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; According to the Linux Movies Group, more than 95% of the servers and desktops at large animation and visual effects companies use Linux.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.linuxmovies.org/2011/06/26/linux-movies-hollywood-loves-linux/ | title = LinuxMovies.org – Advancing Linux Motion Picture Technology | access-date = March 16, 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120301232751/http://www.linuxmovies.org/2011/06/26/linux-movies-hollywood-loves-linux/ | archive-date = March 1, 2012 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ; Use in government<br /> : Linux distributions have also gained popularity with various local and national governments. News of the Russian military creating its own Linux distribution has also surfaced, and has come to fruition as the G.H.ost Project.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.osor.eu/news/lv-minister-open-standards-improve-efficiency-and-transparency | title = LV: Minister: &quot;Open standards improve efficiency and transparency&quot; | access-date = February 21, 2009 | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110809142726/http://www.osor.eu/news/lv-minister-open-standards-improve-efficiency-and-transparency | archive-date = August 9, 2011 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Indian state of [[Kerala]] has gone to the extent of mandating that all state high schools run Linux on their computers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/sep2006/gb20060921_463452.htm | title = Linux Spreads its Wings in India | access-date = February 21, 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110728114950/http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/sep2006/gb20060921_463452.htm | archive-date = July 28, 2011 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.indianexpress.com/news/kerala-shuts-windows-schools-to-use-only-linux/280323/0 | title = Kerala shuts windows, schools to use only Linux | date = March 4, 2008 | access-date = June 22, 2009 | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110515032441/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/kerala-shuts-windows-schools-to-use-only-linux/280323/0 | archive-date = May 15, 2011 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[People's Republic of China|China]] uses Linux exclusively as the operating system for its [[Loongson]] processor family to achieve technology independence.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mdronline.com/watch/watch_Issue.asp?Volname=Issue+%23110308&amp;on=1 |title=China's Microprocessor Dilemma |publisher=[[Microprocessor Report]] |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918002910/http://www.mdronline.com/watch/watch_Issue.asp?Volname=Issue%2B%23110308&amp;on=1 |archive-date=September 18, 2009 |url-status=dead |access-date=April 15, 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; In Spain, some regions have developed their own Linux distributions, which are widely used in education and official institutions, like gnuLinEx in Extremadura and Guadalinex in Andalusia. [[France]] and [[Germany]] have also taken steps toward the adoption of Linux.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://seattlepi.com/business/48925_linuxop01.shtml | title=Some countries are choosing Linux systems over Microsoft | access-date=February 21, 2009 | work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer | first=Jim | last=Krane | date=November 30, 2001 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315075128/http://www.seattlepi.com/business/article/Some-countries-are-choosing-Linux-systems-over-1073338.php | archive-date=March 15, 2012 | df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; North Korea's [[Red Star OS]], developed {{as of|2002|lc=true}}, is based on a version of [[Fedora Linux]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/27/north-koreas-computer-operating-system-revealed-by-researchers | title = North Korea's 'paranoid' computer operating system revealed | access-date = December 31, 2015 | work = The Guardian | date = December 27, 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151231021946/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/27/north-koreas-computer-operating-system-revealed-by-researchers | archive-date = December 31, 2015 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Copyright, trademark, and naming ==<br /> {{See also|GNU/Linux naming controversy|SCO–Linux disputes}}<br /> <br /> The Linux kernel is [[software license|licensed]] under the [[GNU General Public License]] (GPL), version 2. The GPL requires that anyone who distributes software based on source code under this license must make the originating source code (and any modifications) available to the recipient under the same terms.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html | title = GNU General Public License, version 2 | date = June 2, 1991 | access-date = December 5, 2013 | publisher = GNU Project | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131207171309/http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html | archive-date = December 7, 2013 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; Other key components of a typical Linux distribution are also mainly licensed under the GPL, but they may use other licenses; many libraries use the [[GNU Lesser General Public License]] (LGPL), a more permissive variant of the GPL, and the [[X.Org Server|X.Org]] implementation of the [[X Window System]] uses the [[MIT License]].<br /> <br /> Torvalds states that the Linux kernel will not move from version 2 of the GPL to version 3.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://lkml.org/lkml/2006/1/25/273 | title=Re: GPL V3 and Linux ─ Dead Copyright Holders | author=Torvalds, Linus | date=January 26, 2006 | publisher=[[Linux Kernel Mailing List]] | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709004223/https://lkml.org/lkml/2006/1/25/273 | archive-date=July 9, 2014 | df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://lkml.org/lkml/2006/9/25/161 | title=Re: GPLv3 Position Statement | author=Torvalds, Linus | date=September 25, 2006 | publisher=[[Linux Kernel Mailing List]] | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422105221/http://lkml.org/lkml/2006/9/25/161 | archive-date=April 22, 2014 | df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; He specifically dislikes some provisions in the new license which prohibit the use of the software in [[digital rights management]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://gnu.org/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.html#neutralizing-laws-that-prohibit-free-software-but-not-forbidding-drm | title = Neutralizing Laws That Prohibit Free Software — But Not Forbidding DRM | work = A Quick Guide to GPLv3 | date = July 29, 2013 | access-date = December 5, 2013 | author = Brett Smith | publisher = GNU Project | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131201091449/http://www.gnu.org/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.html#neutralizing-laws-that-prohibit-free-software-but-not-forbidding-drm | archive-date = December 1, 2013 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; It would also be impractical to obtain permission from all the copyright holders, who number in the thousands.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.linux-watch.com/news/NS3301105877.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103161648/http://www.linux-watch.com/news/NS3301105877.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 3, 2013 |title=Keeping an Eye on the Penguin |publisher=Linux-watch.com |date=February 7, 2006 |access-date=November 9, 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A 2001 study of [[Red Hat Linux]] 7.1 found that this distribution contained 30 million [[source lines of code]].&lt;ref name = &quot;estimating_size&quot;/&gt; Using the [[COCOMO|Constructive Cost Model]], the study estimated that this distribution required about eight thousand person-years of development time. According to the study, if all this software had been developed by conventional [[proprietary software|proprietary]] means, it would have cost about {{USD}}{{Format price|{{inflation|US-GDP|1080000000|2000}}}}{{Inflation/fn|US-GDP}} to develop in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}} in the United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;estimating_size&quot;&gt;{{cite web | first = David A | last = Wheeler | date = July 29, 2002 | url = http://www.dwheeler.com/sloc/redhat71-v1/redhat71sloc.html | title = More Than a Gigabuck: Estimating GNU/Linux's Size | access-date = May 11, 2006 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060421145300/http://dwheeler.com/sloc/redhat71-v1/redhat71sloc.html | archive-date = April 21, 2006 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; Most of the source code (71%) was written in the [[C (programming language)|C programming language]], but many other languages were used, including [[C++]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]], [[assembly language]], [[Perl]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Fortran]], and various [[shell script]]ing languages. Slightly over half of all lines of code were licensed under the GPL. The Linux kernel itself was 2.4 million lines of code, or 8% of the total.&lt;ref name=&quot;estimating_size&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In a later study, the same analysis was performed for [[Debian]] version 4.0 (etch, which was released in 2007).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | first1 = Juan José | last1 = Amor | date = June 17, 2007 | url = http://libflow.com/d/8drl8n07/Measuring_Etch%3A_The_Size_of_Debian_4.0 | title = Measuring Etch: the size of Debian 4.0 | access-date = September 16, 2007 | display-authors = etal | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140728033855/http://libflow.com/d/8drl8n07/Measuring_Etch%3A_The_Size_of_Debian_4.0 | archive-date = July 28, 2014 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; This distribution contained close to 283 million source lines of code, and the study estimated that it would have required about seventy three thousand man-years and cost {{USD}}{{Format price|{{inflation|US-GDP|7170186240|2007}}}}{{Inflation/fn|US-GDP}} (in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}} dollars) to develop by conventional means. &lt;!-- original paper quoted 5358000000 euros, but Wikipedia does not have an inflation calculator for euros; converted to USD via June 17, 2007 exchange rate as provided by http://www.bankofcanada.ca/en/rates/exchform.html and double-checked against other sources of historical exchange rates ... it is also more useful to quote the number in dollars, for comparison to other dollar amounts quoted in this article, e.g. the 2001 study above --&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Anchor|POWDER}}<br /> [[File:LinuxWasch3.jpg|thumb|right|The name &quot;Linux&quot; is also used for a laundry detergent made by Swiss company Rösch.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/836277-there-is-a-linux-detergent-out-there-and-its-trademarked/|title=There Is a Linux Detergent Out There and It's Trademarked|website=[[Linux.com]]|date=June 19, 2015|access-date=January 31, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624032318/http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/836277-there-is-a-linux-detergent-out-there-and-its-trademarked|archive-date=June 24, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]<br /> <br /> In the United States, the name ''Linux'' is a trademark registered to Linus Torvalds.&lt;ref name=&quot;US_trademark&quot;/&gt; Initially, nobody registered it, but on August 15, 1994, William R. Della Croce, Jr. filed for the trademark ''Linux'', and then demanded royalties from Linux distributors. In 1996, Torvalds and some affected organizations sued him to have the trademark assigned to Torvalds, and, in 1997, the case was settled.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/9065 | title = Linux Timeline | publisher = Linux Journal | date = May 31, 2006 | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130203160342/http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/9065 | archive-date = February 3, 2013 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; The licensing of the trademark has since been handled by the [[Linux Mark Institute]] (LMI). Torvalds has stated that he trademarked the name only to prevent someone else from using it. LMI originally charged a nominal sublicensing fee for use of the Linux name as part of trademarks,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Neil McAllister |title=Linus gets tough on Linux trademark |url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/05/09/05/36OPopenent_1.html |work=[[InfoWorld]] |date=September 5, 2005 |access-date=February 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412055615/http://www.infoworld.com/article/05/09/05/36OPopenent_1.html |archive-date=April 12, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; but later changed this in favor of offering a free, perpetual worldwide sublicense.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.linuxmark.org | title = Linux Mark Institute | access-date = February 24, 2008 | quote = LMI has restructured its sublicensing program. Our new sublicense agreement is: Free – approved sublicense holders pay no fees; Perpetual – sublicense terminates only in breach of the agreement or when your organization ceases to use its mark; Worldwide – one sublicense covers your use of the mark anywhere in the world | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080213024227/http://www.linuxmark.org/ | archive-date = February 13, 2008 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Free Software Foundation]] (FSF) prefers ''GNU/Linux'' as the name when referring to the operating system as a whole, because it considers Linux distributions to be [[GNU variants|variants]] of the [[GNU]] operating system initiated in 1983 by [[Richard Stallman]], president of the FSF.&lt;ref name=&quot;gnu_linux_faq&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html | title = GNU/Linux FAQ | publisher = Gnu.org | access-date = September 1, 2013 | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130907132420/http://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html | archive-date = September 7, 2013 | df = mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;linux-and-gnu&quot; /&gt; They explicitly take no issue over the name Android for the Android OS, which is also an operating system based on the Linux kernel, as GNU is not a part of it.<br /> <br /> A minority of public figures and software projects other than Stallman and the FSF, notably [[Debian]] (which had been sponsored by the FSF up to 1996),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://tech-insider.org/free-software/research/1996/0428.html |title=The FSF is no longer sponsoring Debian |date=April 28, 1996 |access-date=February 8, 2014 |author=Richard Stallman |publisher=tech-insider.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221230241/http://tech-insider.org/free-software/research/1996/0428.html |archive-date=February 21, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; also use ''GNU/Linux'' when referring to the operating system as a whole.&lt;ref name=&quot;tivo&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.tivo.com/linux/linux.asp | title = TiVo ─ GNU/Linux Source Code |access-date=December 12, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070519150730/http://www.tivo.com/linux/linux.asp |archive-date=May 19, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.debian.org/intro/about |title=About Debian |publisher=debian.org |date=December 8, 2013 |access-date=January 30, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123071309/http://www.debian.org/intro/about |archive-date=January 23, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://vger.kernel.org/lkml/#s1-1 |title=The linux-kernel mailing list FAQ |author1=Andrew D. Balsa |display-authors=et al|date=October 17, 2009 |website=vger.kernel.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001231709/http://vger.kernel.org/lkml/ |archive-date=October 1, 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=June 13, 2013 |quote=...we have tried to use the word &quot;Linux&quot; or the expression &quot;Linux kernel&quot; to designate the kernel, and GNU/Linux to designate the entire body of GNU/GPL'ed OS software,... ...many people forget that the linux kernel mailing list is a forum for discussion of kernel-related matters, not GNU/Linux in general...}}&lt;/ref&gt; Most media and common usage, however, refers to this family of operating systems simply as ''Linux'', as do many large Linux distributions (for example, [[SUSE Linux]] and [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]]). By contrast, Linux distributions containing only free software use &quot;GNU/Linux&quot; or simply &quot;GNU&quot;, such as [[Trisquel GNU/Linux]], [[Parabola GNU/Linux-libre]], [[BLAG Linux and GNU]], and [[gNewSense]].<br /> <br /> {{As of|2011|May}}, about 8% to 13% of the [[Source lines of code|lines of code]] of the Linux distribution Ubuntu (version &quot;Natty&quot;) is made of GNU components (the range depending on whether [[GNOME]] is considered part of GNU); meanwhile, 6% is taken by the Linux kernel, increased to 9% when including its direct dependencies.&lt;ref name=&quot;how-much-gnu&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pedrocr.pt/text/how-much-gnu-in-gnu-linux/|title=How much GNU is there in GNU/Linux?|last=Côrte-Real|first=Pedro|date=May 31, 2011|work=Split Perspective|access-date=January 28, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207120339/http://pedrocr.pt/text/how-much-gnu-in-gnu-linux/|archive-date=February 7, 2014}} ([[Wikipedia:SPS|self-published]] data)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> {{Portal|Free and open-source software|Linux}}<br /> <br /> {{Div col|colwidth=25em}}<br /> * [[Comparison of Linux distributions]]<br /> * [[Comparison of open-source and closed-source software]]<br /> * [[Comparison of operating systems]]<br /> * [[Comparison of X Window System desktop environments]]<br /> * [[Criticism of Linux]]<br /> * [[Linux kernel version history]]<br /> * [[Linux Documentation Project]]<br /> * [[Linux From Scratch]]<br /> * [[Linux Software Map]]<br /> * [[List of Linux distributions]]<br /> * [[List of Linux games|List of games released on Linux]]<br /> * [[List of operating systems]]<br /> * [[Loadable kernel module]]<br /> * [[Usage share of operating systems]]<br /> * [[Timeline of operating systems]]<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{Notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Sister project links}}<br /> * {{curlie|Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Linux|Linux}}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100211130125/http://www.makelinux.net/system/new Graphical map of Linux Internals] (archived)<br /> * [https://www.kernel.org/ Linux kernel website and archives]<br /> * [https://archive.org/details/git-history-of-linux The History of Linux in GIT Repository Format 1992–2010] (archived)<br /> <br /> {{Linux}}<br /> {{Linux people}}<br /> {{Linux distributions}}<br /> {{Unix}}<br /> {{FOSS}}<br /> {{Operating system}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Linux| ]]<br /> [[Category:1991 software]]<br /> [[Category:Computing platforms]]<br /> [[Category:Cross-platform software]]<br /> [[Category:Finnish inventions]]<br /> [[Category:Free software programmed in C]]<br /> [[Category:Linus Torvalds]]<br /> [[Category:Operating systems]]<br /> [[Category:Unix variants]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:DCX_Systems&diff=435189 2023-10-17T02:08:59Z

<p>PinkMelon: Redirected page to DCX Systems</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[DCX Systems]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:2400:1A00:BB10:384A:9897:BECF:98C6:669C&diff=435188 2023-10-17T02:04:47Z

<p>PinkMelon: declined (AFCH 0.9.1)</p> <hr /> <div>{{Talk header}}<br /> <br /> == Your submission at [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]]: [[Draft:Muhajir Idrisis are descendents of iltutmish(Delhi Sultanate) while their Origin Goes back to Idris(A.S.) and all the way down to Noah(A.S.) and Further To Ottoman Empire,|Muhajir Idrisis are descendents of iltutmish(Delhi Sultanate) while their Origin Goes back to Idris(A.S.) and all the way down to Noah(A.S.) and Further To Ottoman Empire,]] (October 17) ==<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;border: solid 1px #FCC; background-color: #F8EEBC; padding: 0.5em 1em; color: #000; margin: 1.5em; width: 90%;&quot;&gt; [[File:Oxygen480-actions-document-close.svg|50px|left]]Your recent article submission to [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for Creation]] has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time.&lt;nowiki&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;The reason left by PinkMelon was:<br /> <br /> {{divbox|gray|3=This submission's references do not show that the subject [[Bharatpedia:Notability|qualifies for a Bharatpedia article]]—that is, they do not show ''significant'' coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in ''published'', [[Bharatpedia:Identifying reliable sources|''reliable'']], [[Bharatpedia:No_original_research#Secondary|''secondary'']] sources that are ''[[Bharatpedia:Identifying and using independent sources|independent]]'' of the subject. Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see [[Help:Referencing for beginners|technical help]] and learn about [[Bharatpedia:Common sourcing mistakes (notability)|mistakes to avoid]] when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Bharatpedia.|}}&lt;!--<br /> --<br /> --&gt; Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit ''when they have been resolved''.<br /> {{clear}}<br /> * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to [[Draft:Muhajir Idrisis are descendents of iltutmish(Delhi Sultanate) while their Origin Goes back to Idris(A.S.) and all the way down to Noah(A.S.) and Further To Ottoman Empire,]] and click on the &quot;Edit&quot; tab at the top of the window.<br /> * If you now believe the draft cannot meet Bharatpedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to [[Draft:Muhajir Idrisis are descendents of iltutmish(Delhi Sultanate) while their Origin Goes back to Idris(A.S.) and all the way down to Noah(A.S.) and Further To Ottoman Empire,]], click on the &quot;Edit&quot; tab at the top of the window, add &quot;{{tl|Db-g7}}&quot; at the top of the draft text and click the blue &quot;publish changes&quot; button to save this edit.<br /> * If you do not make any further changes to your draft, in 6 months, it will be considered abandoned and [[Bharatpedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#G13. Abandoned Drafts and Articles for creation submissions|may be deleted]].<br /> * If you need any assistance, or have experienced any [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation/Scam warning|untoward behavior]] associated with this submission, you can ask for help at the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Muhajir_Idrisis_are_descendents_of_iltutmish(Delhi_Sultanate)_while_their_Origin_Goes_back_to_Idris(A.S.)_and_all_the_way_down_to_Noah(A.S.)_and_Further_To_Ottoman_Empire, '''Articles for creation help desk''']&lt;/span&gt;, on the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=User_talk:PinkMelon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Muhajir_Idrisis_are_descendents_of_iltutmish(Delhi_Sultanate)_while_their_Origin_Goes_back_to_Idris(A.S.)_and_all_the_way_down_to_Noah(A.S.)_and_Further_To_Ottoman_Empire, '''reviewer's talk page''']&lt;/span&gt;.<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;border-radius:8em;padding:2px 5px;background:blue;font-size:95%&quot;&gt;[[User:PinkMelon|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFF&quot;&gt;'''PinkMelon'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;[[User talk:PinkMelon|&lt;b style=&quot;color:violet;&quot;&gt;(talk)&lt;/b&gt;]] 07:34, 17 October 2023 (IST)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--Template:AfC decline--&gt;<br /> <br /> {{subst:Bharatpedia:Teahouse/AFC invitation|sign=&lt;span style=&quot;border-radius:8em;padding:2px 5px;background:blue;font-size:95%&quot;&gt;[[User:PinkMelon|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFF&quot;&gt;'''PinkMelon'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;[[User talk:PinkMelon|&lt;b style=&quot;color:violet;&quot;&gt;(talk)&lt;/b&gt;]] 07:34, 17 October 2023 (IST)}}</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Muhajir_Idrisis_are_descendents_of_iltutmish(Delhi_Sultanate)_while_their_Origin_Goes_back_to_Idris(A.S.)_and_all_the_way_down_to_Noah(A.S.)_and_Further_To_Ottoman_Empire,&diff=435187 2023-10-17T02:04:45Z

<p>PinkMelon: Declining submission: nn - Submission is about a topic not yet shown to meet general notability guidelines (be more specific if possible) (AFCH 0.9.1)</p> <hr /> <div>{{AFC submission|d|nn|u=2400:1A00:BB10:384A:9897:BECF:98C6:669C|ns=118|decliner=PinkMelon|declinets=20231017073445|ts=20231008005955}} &lt;!-- Do not remove this line! --&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;<br /> In Ottoman Period There were Eleven Oghuz Tribes and llbari tribe was among one of the Eleven Oghuz Tribes,They were Fierce and Great Warriors which marks their Footprints of Getting Post Of Slave General During The Reign of Muhammed of Ghor(Muaizz-ud-Din)when asked help from Ottoman Empire to Help him seize Delhi and Fight Prithvi Raj Chowhan,llbari tribe was sent to help Muhammed Ghori and After defeating Prithvi Raj Chowhan appointed Qutubud-din-Aibak as a General Of Delhi and returned to Afghanistan where he was assassinated By Shia't Muslims Qutubud-din-Aibak On the other hand declared his own Mamluk Sultanate In Delhi,hence Becoming the First Slave Sultan Of Delhi,After his demise his son succeeded him but was not capable enough to handle the Sultanate so Iltutmish(sworn son of Qutubud-din-Aibak)buyed as a slave and Gifted to Aibak by Muaizz-ud-Din upon Invitation by courtiers Annexed the Throne and Became Sultan of Delhi,Idrisis are Direct Descendents of Sultan Iltutmish and After the Demise Of Iltutmish a ruckus and a number of Succession and Assasination took place after an Untimely Demise of Crown Prince Elder son Nasiruddin the Fight to throne emerged including Ruknuddin,His Mother and Razia Sultana,the first Female Sultan of Delhi,alas Grandson of Iltutmish with the Help of Naib(Deputy) Ghiyasuddin-Balban who was also Father in law of Nasiruddin Mahmud seized the power and became Sultan but not reigning long he's rule came to an end after his demise and Ghiyasuddin-Balban declared himself the new Sultan and was Annexed by the Khalji Dynasty,who then Ruled India Until Tughlaqs came and Conquered Delhi,which finally Lead to Lodi Dynasty being The Last among the Slave Generals who Ruled India when Babar instated Mughal Empire,llbari were from the Turk Origin who Came to Help Sultans were now Helping Mughals to Protect their Borderat Eastern sides of India,and upon the Foreign invation of British Started llbari tribe Was among those Tribes who gave a hard time to Britishers and Killed many Britishers until the End Of Mughal Empire completely During the Reign of Bahadur Shah Zafar and the Revolt of 1857 they were helpless when defeated in Revolt by Britishers and were marked to be hanged wherever Found,in urge to save Life llbari and the Sayyed tribe(Both were Idrisi tribes)llbari were also known as Kshatriya and Sayyid as Sheikh,Flee from Delhi towards Oudh(Awadh)modern Day Lucknow and were Confronted at Chinhat Northern East of Lucknow by Britishers where they Fought and Killed all the Britishers not leaving even a single British male which made Britishers more angry they sent a convoy of Sepoy and Army to catch them but Failed to do so as they Fled to Rudauli near Bahraich and Changed their Identity As Idrisi Tribe to hide From Britishers,After the Britishers found out about their hideouts they Fled to Northern India Nanpara from all the Way to Bahraich,and Even more Northern side Until They Entered Nepal Where they Settled for a long period of time dating Back to Rana Period in Nepal,<br /> Thats the Reason more than 90% of Darji Tribe are found in Nepal amd 1 in 380 people is a Darji,The Highest in The World.</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:WikiBharat&diff=435186 2023-10-17T01:58:58Z

<p>PinkMelon: Notification: I&#039;ve commented on your Articles for Creation submission (AFCH 0.9.1)</p> <hr /> <div>== Welcome! ==<br /> <br /> Hello, WikiBharat, and [[Bharatpedia:Introduction|welcome]] to Bharatpedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you may find helpful:<br /> {{Div col}}<br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Introduction|Introduction]] and [[Help:Getting started|Getting started]]<br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Contributing to Bharatpedia|Contributing to Bharatpedia]]<br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Five pillars|The five pillars of Bharatpedia]]<br /> * [[Help:Editing|How to edit a page]] and [[Bharatpedia:Article development|How to develop articles]]<br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Your first article|How to create your first article]] <br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Simplified Manual of Style|Simplified Manual of Style]]<br /> {{Div col end}}<br /> Need some ideas of what kind of things need doing? Try the [[Bharatpedia:Task Center]].<br /> <br /> I hope you enjoy editing here and being a [[Bharatpedia:Bharatpedians|Bharatpedian]]! Please [[Bharatpedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|sign your name]] on talk pages using four [[tilde]]s (&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;); this will automatically produce your username and the date. If you need help, check out [[Bharatpedia:Questions]], ask me on my talk page, or {{edit|Special:MyTalk|post a question on your own talk page|section=new|preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload|preloadtitle=Help me!}}. Again, welcome!&amp;nbsp; [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf|talk]]) 20:14, 6 December 2022 (IST)&lt;!-- Template:Welcome0 --&gt;<br /> <br /> == India Edit-a-Thon ==<br /> <br /> [[File:Spinning Ashoka Chakra.gif|right|200px]]<br /> Hello, {{NAME}}, and thank you for [[Special:Contributions/{{PAGENAME}}|your contributions]]. Bharatpedia is going to organize an edit-a-thon. The aim of this edit-a-thon is to create and improve articles related to India.<br /> <br /> We welcome all of you to join this edit-a-thon and get a chance to win exciting prizes of your choice. Please see the event and add your name as a participant: '''[[Bharatpedia:WikiProject India/Events/India Edit-a-thon]]'''. <br /> <br /> If you have any questions, no matter what they are, leave me a message on [[User talk:WikiDwarf|my talk page]], or ask a question on [[Bharatpedia talk:WikiProject India/Events/India Edit-a-thon]]. Oh, and please [[Bharatpedia:Signatures|sign your name]] on talk pages using four tildes (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); this will automatically produce your username and the date. Again, welcome! <br /> Feel free to ask if you have a question(s).<br /> Regards, [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf|talk]]) 20:16, 6 December 2022 (IST)<br /> <br /> == Your submission at [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]]: [[Draft:The Press Walla|The Press Walla]] (December 6) ==<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;border: solid 1px #FCC; background-color: #F8EEBC; padding: 0.5em 1em; color: #000; margin: 1.5em; width: 90%;&quot;&gt; [[File:AFC-Logo_Decline.svg|50px|left]]Your recent article submission to [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for Creation]] has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time.&lt;nowiki&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;The reason left by WikiDwarf was:<br /> <br /> {{divbox|gray|3=This submission's references do not show that the subject [[Bharatpedia:Notability|qualifies for a Bharatpedia article]]—that is, they do not show ''significant'' coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in ''published'', [[Bharatpedia:Identifying reliable sources|''reliable'']], [[Bharatpedia:No_original_research#Secondary|''secondary'']] sources that are ''[[Bharatpedia:Identifying and using independent sources|independent]]'' of the subject (see the [[Bharatpedia:Notability (organizations and companies)|guidelines on the notability of organizations and companies]]). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see [[Help:Referencing for beginners|technical help]] and learn about [[Bharatpedia:Common sourcing mistakes (notability)|mistakes to avoid]] when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Bharatpedia.|}}&lt;!--<br /> --<br /> --&gt; Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit ''when they have been resolved''.<br /> {{clear}}<br /> * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to [[Draft:The Press Walla]] and click on the &quot;Edit&quot; tab at the top of the window.<br /> * If you now believe the draft cannot meet Bharatpedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to [[Draft:The Press Walla]], click on the &quot;Edit&quot; tab at the top of the window, add &quot;{{tl|Db-g7}}&quot; at the top of the draft text and click the blue &quot;publish changes&quot; button to save this edit.<br /> * If you do not make any further changes to your draft, in 6 months, it will be considered abandoned and [[Bharatpedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#G13. Abandoned Drafts and Articles for creation submissions|may be deleted]].<br /> * If you need any assistance, or have experienced any [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation/Scam warning|untoward behavior]] associated with this submission, you can ask for help at the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:The_Press_Walla '''Articles for creation help desk''']&lt;/span&gt;, on the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=User_talk:WikiDwarf&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:The_Press_Walla '''reviewer's talk page''']&lt;/span&gt;.<br /> [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf|talk]]) 20:53, 6 December 2022 (IST)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--Template:AfC decline--&gt;<br /> <br /> == Parvej Husen Talukder ==<br /> <br /> [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Thank you for your work {{#if: Parvej Husen Talukder|on [[:Parvej Husen Talukder]]|adding new content to Bharatpedia}}. Not all topics are '''[[BP:NOTABILITY|notable]]''' (suitable for a stand-alone Bharatpedia article). {{#if: Parvej Husen Talukder|The [[:Parvej Husen Talukder]] article|An article you created}} does not [[BP:cite|cite]] sources establishing notability, so it may get deleted. A source shows that the article topic is notable when it:<br /> <br /> *contains '''[[BP:SIGCOV|significant coverage]]''': it addresses the topic directly and in multiple paragraphs of detail. A source with only trivial or off-topic mentions of the subject doesn't count.<br /> *is a '''[[BP:reliable sources|reliable source]]''': it has a reliable publication process, or a [[BP:RSSELF|suitable expert author]] (look up the [[Bharatpedia:Reliable sources/Perennial sources|reliability of common sources]], or [[Bharatpedia:Reliable sources/Noticeboard|discuss]]). Newspapers and books usually meet this criteria, company and personal websites usually do not.<br /> *is '''[[BP:Independent sources|independent of the subject]]''': it isn't produced by the article's subject or someone [[conflict of interest|similarly affiliated with it]]. For example, these are ''not'' independent: the subject's press releases, autobiographies, website, and interviews.<br /> <br /> If you can find notability-establishing sources, please add them: more than one is needed unless the applicable [[Bharatpedia:SNG|subject-specific notability guideline]] states otherwise. Specific questions can be answered live at the [[BP:Teahouse|Teahouse]] help forum. Thank you.&lt;!-- Template:Uw-notability --&gt;<br /> <br /> It's a notable article, and it's imported from bangla bharatpedia. [[User:WikiBharat|WikiBharat]] ([[User talk:WikiBharat#top|talk]]) 06:23, 12 May 2023 (IST)<br /> <br /> == December 2022 ==<br /> <br /> [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, and thank you for your contributions to Bharatpedia. This is just a note to let you know that I've moved the draft that you were working on to [[:Draft:Parvej Husen Talukder (Poet)]], from its old location at {{no redirect|Parvej Husen Talukder (Poet)}}. This has been done because the cited sources are not reliable and they do not establish notability. Please feel free to continue to work on it there. If you have any questions about this, you are welcome to ask me on [[User talk:WikiDwarf|my talk page]]. Thank you. &lt;!-- Template:uw-draftmoved --&gt; [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf|talk]]) 13:32, 26 December 2022 (IST)<br /> <br /> == Your submission at [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]]: [[Draft:WikiGenius|WikiGenius]] (October 17) ==<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;border: solid 1px #FCC; background-color: #F8EEBC; padding: 0.5em 1em; color: #000; margin: 1.5em; width: 90%;&quot;&gt; [[File:Oxygen480-actions-document-close.svg|50px|left]]Your recent article submission to [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for Creation]] has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time.&lt;nowiki&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;The reason left by PinkMelon was:<br /> <br /> {{divbox|gray|3=This submission's references do not show that the subject [[Bharatpedia:Notability|qualifies for a Bharatpedia article]]—that is, they do not show ''significant'' coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in ''published'', [[Bharatpedia:Identifying reliable sources|''reliable'']], [[Bharatpedia:No_original_research#Secondary|''secondary'']] sources that are ''[[Bharatpedia:Identifying and using independent sources|independent]]'' of the subject (see the [[Bharatpedia:Notability (web)|guidelines on the notability of websites]]). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see [[Help:Referencing for beginners|technical help]] and learn about [[Bharatpedia:Common sourcing mistakes (notability)|mistakes to avoid]] when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Bharatpedia.|}}&lt;!--<br /> --<br /> --&gt; Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit ''when they have been resolved''.<br /> {{clear}}<br /> * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to [[Draft:WikiGenius]] and click on the &quot;Edit&quot; tab at the top of the window.<br /> * If you now believe the draft cannot meet Bharatpedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to [[Draft:WikiGenius]], click on the &quot;Edit&quot; tab at the top of the window, add &quot;{{tl|Db-g7}}&quot; at the top of the draft text and click the blue &quot;publish changes&quot; button to save this edit.<br /> * If you do not make any further changes to your draft, in 6 months, it will be considered abandoned and [[Bharatpedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#G13. Abandoned Drafts and Articles for creation submissions|may be deleted]].<br /> * If you need any assistance, or have experienced any [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation/Scam warning|untoward behavior]] associated with this submission, you can ask for help at the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:WikiGenius '''Articles for creation help desk''']&lt;/span&gt;, on the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=User_talk:PinkMelon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:WikiGenius '''reviewer's talk page''']&lt;/span&gt;.<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;border-radius:8em;padding:2px 5px;background:blue;font-size:95%&quot;&gt;[[User:PinkMelon|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFF&quot;&gt;'''PinkMelon'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;[[User talk:PinkMelon|&lt;b style=&quot;color:violet;&quot;&gt;(talk)&lt;/b&gt;]] 07:25, 17 October 2023 (IST)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--Template:AfC decline--&gt;<br /> <br /> == [[BP:AfC|AfC]] notification: [[Draft:WikiGenius]] has a new comment ==<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;border:solid 1px #9accf6;background:#f1f9ff;padding:1em;padding-top:0.5em;padding-bottom:1em;color:black;margin-bottom: 1.5em;width: 100%;&quot;&gt; [[File:AFC-Logo.svg|50px|left]]<br /> I've left a comment on your Articles for Creation submission, which can be viewed at [[Draft:WikiGenius]]. Thanks! &lt;span style=&quot;border-radius:8em;padding:2px 5px;background:blue;font-size:95%&quot;&gt;[[User:PinkMelon|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFF&quot;&gt;'''PinkMelon'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;[[User talk:PinkMelon|&lt;b style=&quot;color:violet;&quot;&gt;(talk)&lt;/b&gt;]] 07:28, 17 October 2023 (IST) &lt;/div&gt;</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:WikiBharat&diff=435184 2023-10-17T01:55:43Z

<p>PinkMelon: declined (AFCH 0.9.1)</p> <hr /> <div>== Welcome! ==<br /> <br /> Hello, WikiBharat, and [[Bharatpedia:Introduction|welcome]] to Bharatpedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you may find helpful:<br /> {{Div col}}<br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Introduction|Introduction]] and [[Help:Getting started|Getting started]]<br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Contributing to Bharatpedia|Contributing to Bharatpedia]]<br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Five pillars|The five pillars of Bharatpedia]]<br /> * [[Help:Editing|How to edit a page]] and [[Bharatpedia:Article development|How to develop articles]]<br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Your first article|How to create your first article]] <br /> * [[Bharatpedia:Simplified Manual of Style|Simplified Manual of Style]]<br /> {{Div col end}}<br /> Need some ideas of what kind of things need doing? Try the [[Bharatpedia:Task Center]].<br /> <br /> I hope you enjoy editing here and being a [[Bharatpedia:Bharatpedians|Bharatpedian]]! Please [[Bharatpedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|sign your name]] on talk pages using four [[tilde]]s (&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;); this will automatically produce your username and the date. If you need help, check out [[Bharatpedia:Questions]], ask me on my talk page, or {{edit|Special:MyTalk|post a question on your own talk page|section=new|preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload|preloadtitle=Help me!}}. Again, welcome!&amp;nbsp; [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf|talk]]) 20:14, 6 December 2022 (IST)&lt;!-- Template:Welcome0 --&gt;<br /> <br /> == India Edit-a-Thon ==<br /> <br /> [[File:Spinning Ashoka Chakra.gif|right|200px]]<br /> Hello, {{NAME}}, and thank you for [[Special:Contributions/{{PAGENAME}}|your contributions]]. Bharatpedia is going to organize an edit-a-thon. The aim of this edit-a-thon is to create and improve articles related to India.<br /> <br /> We welcome all of you to join this edit-a-thon and get a chance to win exciting prizes of your choice. Please see the event and add your name as a participant: '''[[Bharatpedia:WikiProject India/Events/India Edit-a-thon]]'''. <br /> <br /> If you have any questions, no matter what they are, leave me a message on [[User talk:WikiDwarf|my talk page]], or ask a question on [[Bharatpedia talk:WikiProject India/Events/India Edit-a-thon]]. Oh, and please [[Bharatpedia:Signatures|sign your name]] on talk pages using four tildes (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); this will automatically produce your username and the date. Again, welcome! <br /> Feel free to ask if you have a question(s).<br /> Regards, [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf|talk]]) 20:16, 6 December 2022 (IST)<br /> <br /> == Your submission at [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]]: [[Draft:The Press Walla|The Press Walla]] (December 6) ==<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;border: solid 1px #FCC; background-color: #F8EEBC; padding: 0.5em 1em; color: #000; margin: 1.5em; width: 90%;&quot;&gt; [[File:AFC-Logo_Decline.svg|50px|left]]Your recent article submission to [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for Creation]] has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time.&lt;nowiki&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;The reason left by WikiDwarf was:<br /> <br /> {{divbox|gray|3=This submission's references do not show that the subject [[Bharatpedia:Notability|qualifies for a Bharatpedia article]]—that is, they do not show ''significant'' coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in ''published'', [[Bharatpedia:Identifying reliable sources|''reliable'']], [[Bharatpedia:No_original_research#Secondary|''secondary'']] sources that are ''[[Bharatpedia:Identifying and using independent sources|independent]]'' of the subject (see the [[Bharatpedia:Notability (organizations and companies)|guidelines on the notability of organizations and companies]]). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see [[Help:Referencing for beginners|technical help]] and learn about [[Bharatpedia:Common sourcing mistakes (notability)|mistakes to avoid]] when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Bharatpedia.|}}&lt;!--<br /> --<br /> --&gt; Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit ''when they have been resolved''.<br /> {{clear}}<br /> * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to [[Draft:The Press Walla]] and click on the &quot;Edit&quot; tab at the top of the window.<br /> * If you now believe the draft cannot meet Bharatpedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to [[Draft:The Press Walla]], click on the &quot;Edit&quot; tab at the top of the window, add &quot;{{tl|Db-g7}}&quot; at the top of the draft text and click the blue &quot;publish changes&quot; button to save this edit.<br /> * If you do not make any further changes to your draft, in 6 months, it will be considered abandoned and [[Bharatpedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#G13. Abandoned Drafts and Articles for creation submissions|may be deleted]].<br /> * If you need any assistance, or have experienced any [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation/Scam warning|untoward behavior]] associated with this submission, you can ask for help at the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:The_Press_Walla '''Articles for creation help desk''']&lt;/span&gt;, on the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=User_talk:WikiDwarf&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:The_Press_Walla '''reviewer's talk page''']&lt;/span&gt;.<br /> [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf|talk]]) 20:53, 6 December 2022 (IST)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--Template:AfC decline--&gt;<br /> <br /> == Parvej Husen Talukder ==<br /> <br /> [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Thank you for your work {{#if: Parvej Husen Talukder|on [[:Parvej Husen Talukder]]|adding new content to Bharatpedia}}. Not all topics are '''[[BP:NOTABILITY|notable]]''' (suitable for a stand-alone Bharatpedia article). {{#if: Parvej Husen Talukder|The [[:Parvej Husen Talukder]] article|An article you created}} does not [[BP:cite|cite]] sources establishing notability, so it may get deleted. A source shows that the article topic is notable when it:<br /> <br /> *contains '''[[BP:SIGCOV|significant coverage]]''': it addresses the topic directly and in multiple paragraphs of detail. A source with only trivial or off-topic mentions of the subject doesn't count.<br /> *is a '''[[BP:reliable sources|reliable source]]''': it has a reliable publication process, or a [[BP:RSSELF|suitable expert author]] (look up the [[Bharatpedia:Reliable sources/Perennial sources|reliability of common sources]], or [[Bharatpedia:Reliable sources/Noticeboard|discuss]]). Newspapers and books usually meet this criteria, company and personal websites usually do not.<br /> *is '''[[BP:Independent sources|independent of the subject]]''': it isn't produced by the article's subject or someone [[conflict of interest|similarly affiliated with it]]. For example, these are ''not'' independent: the subject's press releases, autobiographies, website, and interviews.<br /> <br /> If you can find notability-establishing sources, please add them: more than one is needed unless the applicable [[Bharatpedia:SNG|subject-specific notability guideline]] states otherwise. Specific questions can be answered live at the [[BP:Teahouse|Teahouse]] help forum. Thank you.&lt;!-- Template:Uw-notability --&gt;<br /> <br /> It's a notable article, and it's imported from bangla bharatpedia. [[User:WikiBharat|WikiBharat]] ([[User talk:WikiBharat#top|talk]]) 06:23, 12 May 2023 (IST)<br /> <br /> == December 2022 ==<br /> <br /> [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, and thank you for your contributions to Bharatpedia. This is just a note to let you know that I've moved the draft that you were working on to [[:Draft:Parvej Husen Talukder (Poet)]], from its old location at {{no redirect|Parvej Husen Talukder (Poet)}}. This has been done because the cited sources are not reliable and they do not establish notability. Please feel free to continue to work on it there. If you have any questions about this, you are welcome to ask me on [[User talk:WikiDwarf|my talk page]]. Thank you. &lt;!-- Template:uw-draftmoved --&gt; [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf|talk]]) 13:32, 26 December 2022 (IST)<br /> <br /> == Your submission at [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]]: [[Draft:WikiGenius|WikiGenius]] (October 17) ==<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;border: solid 1px #FCC; background-color: #F8EEBC; padding: 0.5em 1em; color: #000; margin: 1.5em; width: 90%;&quot;&gt; [[File:Oxygen480-actions-document-close.svg|50px|left]]Your recent article submission to [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation|Articles for Creation]] has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time.&lt;nowiki&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;The reason left by PinkMelon was:<br /> <br /> {{divbox|gray|3=This submission's references do not show that the subject [[Bharatpedia:Notability|qualifies for a Bharatpedia article]]—that is, they do not show ''significant'' coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in ''published'', [[Bharatpedia:Identifying reliable sources|''reliable'']], [[Bharatpedia:No_original_research#Secondary|''secondary'']] sources that are ''[[Bharatpedia:Identifying and using independent sources|independent]]'' of the subject (see the [[Bharatpedia:Notability (web)|guidelines on the notability of websites]]). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see [[Help:Referencing for beginners|technical help]] and learn about [[Bharatpedia:Common sourcing mistakes (notability)|mistakes to avoid]] when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Bharatpedia.|}}&lt;!--<br /> --<br /> --&gt; Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit ''when they have been resolved''.<br /> {{clear}}<br /> * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to [[Draft:WikiGenius]] and click on the &quot;Edit&quot; tab at the top of the window.<br /> * If you now believe the draft cannot meet Bharatpedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to [[Draft:WikiGenius]], click on the &quot;Edit&quot; tab at the top of the window, add &quot;{{tl|Db-g7}}&quot; at the top of the draft text and click the blue &quot;publish changes&quot; button to save this edit.<br /> * If you do not make any further changes to your draft, in 6 months, it will be considered abandoned and [[Bharatpedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#G13. Abandoned Drafts and Articles for creation submissions|may be deleted]].<br /> * If you need any assistance, or have experienced any [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation/Scam warning|untoward behavior]] associated with this submission, you can ask for help at the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:WikiGenius '''Articles for creation help desk''']&lt;/span&gt;, on the &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[//en.bharatpedia.org/index.php?title=User_talk:PinkMelon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;nosummary=1&amp;preload=Template:AfC_decline/HD_preload&amp;preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:WikiGenius '''reviewer's talk page''']&lt;/span&gt;.<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;border-radius:8em;padding:2px 5px;background:blue;font-size:95%&quot;&gt;[[User:PinkMelon|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFF&quot;&gt;'''PinkMelon'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;[[User talk:PinkMelon|&lt;b style=&quot;color:violet;&quot;&gt;(talk)&lt;/b&gt;]] 07:25, 17 October 2023 (IST)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--Template:AfC decline--&gt;</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:WiSig_Networks&diff=435182 2023-10-17T01:49:58Z

<p>PinkMelon: Redirected page to WiSig Networks</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[WiSig Networks]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aryan_Khan&diff=435181 2023-10-17T01:35:27Z

<p>PinkMelon: Updated</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian entrepreneur (born 1997)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Aryan Khan<br /> | image = Aryan Khan (cropped).jpg<br /> | alt = An upper body shot of Aryan Khan<br /> | caption = Khan in 2023<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1997|11|12|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br /> | alma_mater = [[University of Southern California]] ([[Bachelor of Fine Arts|BFA]])<br /> | occupation = Entrepreneur<br /> | years_active = 2022–present<br /> | father = [[Shah Rukh Khan]]<br /> | mother = [[Gauri Khan]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Aryan Khan''' (born 12 November 1997) is an Indian entrepreneur.&lt;ref name=&quot;vogue&quot;/&gt; He is the eldest son of Indian actor [[Shah Rukh Khan]] and producer [[Gauri Khan]]. After graduating from the [[University of Southern California]], he co-found the company Slab Ventures in 2022, under which he has launched a luxury collective brand named D'yavol.<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> Aryan Khan was born on 12 November 1997 in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Aryan Khan, a perfect copy of famous dad Shah Rukh Khan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/aryan-khan-a-perfect-copy-of-his-father-srk-370319-2013-07-29/1 |access-date=4 September 2023 |work=India Today |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904081633/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/aryan-khan-a-perfect-copy-of-his-father-srk-370319-2013-07-29/1 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He is the eldest son of actor [[Shah Rukh Khan]] and producer [[Gauri Khan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-20 |title=Step inside Shah Rukh Khan and Gauri Khan's home Mannat |url=https://indianexpress.com/web-stories/bollywood/step-inside-shah-rukh-khan-and-gauri-khan-home-mannat/ |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-US |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722181146/https://indianexpress.com/web-stories/bollywood/step-inside-shah-rukh-khan-and-gauri-khan-home-mannat/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-05-17 |title=Aryan Khan case: Sameer Wankhede accused of asking for bribe from Shah Rukh Khan |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65606608 |access-date=2023-07-22 |archive-date=20 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720233510/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65606608 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He has two younger siblings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aryan Khan shares images with siblings Suhana and AbRam, proud father Shah Rukh Khan has this to say |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-aryan-khan-shares-images-with-siblings-suhana-and-abram-proud-father-shah-rukh-khan-has-this-to-say-509320 |date=23 August 2023 |access-date=4 September 2023 |website=WION |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904080129/https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-aryan-khan-shares-images-with-siblings-suhana-and-abram-proud-father-shah-rukh-khan-has-this-to-say-509320 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Khan follows both his parents' religions of Islam and Hinduism.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2005-09-23 |title=Who's the real Shah Rukh Khan? |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4274774.stm |access-date=2023-09-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; He did his schooling at Mumbai's [[Dhirubhai Ambani International School]] until age 15, after which he attended the [[Sevenoaks School]] in London.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=‘It’s Sad For Me’ |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/its-sad-for-me/283263 |date=17 December 2012 |access-date=4 September 2023 |work=Outlook |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904103109/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/its-sad-for-me/283263 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As a child, he played the young version of his father's character in one scene of the film ''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]'' (2001).&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Bose |first=Mihir |author-link=Mihir Bose |date=9 May 2008 |title=Bollywood: A History |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Bollywood_A_History/hN6mBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=aryan+khan&amp;pg=PT535&amp;printsec=frontcover |publisher=[[Roli Books]] |page=344 |isbn=9789351940456 |access-date=18 September 2023 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918171526/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Bollywood_A_History/hN6mBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=aryan+khan&amp;pg=PT535&amp;printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He has worked as a voice actor in the Hindi dub of ''[[The Incredibles]]'' (2004) and later voiced [[Simba]] in the Hindi dub of ''[[The Lion King (2019 film)|The Lion King]]'' (2019), both alongside his father.&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 June 2019 |title=Shah Rukh Khan and son Aryan to voice Hindi version of 'The Lion King' |url=https://scroll.in/reel/927295/shah-rukh-khan-and-son-aryan-to-voice-hindi-version-of-the-lion-king |access-date=22 July 2023 |website=Scroll.in |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722181146/https://scroll.in/reel/927295/shah-rukh-khan-and-son-aryan-to-voice-hindi-version-of-the-lion-king |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2020, Khan graduated with a [[Bachelor of Fine Arts]] degree in film and television production from the [[USC School of Cinematic Arts]] at the [[University of Southern California]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Shah Rukh Khan's son Aryan Khan is a USC graduate now, see pic from ceremony |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-s-son-aryan-khan-is-a-usc-graduate-now-see-pic-from-ceremony-101621228063087.html |date=17 May 2021 |access-date=4 September 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904080434/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-s-son-aryan-khan-is-a-usc-graduate-now-see-pic-from-ceremony-101621228063087.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;deadline&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aryan Khan, Son Of Shah Rukh Khan, Set To Make Directorial Debut With Red Chillies Series |url=https://deadline.com/2023/05/shah-rukh-khan-aryan-khan-directing-debut-red-chillies-series-stardom-1235353035/ |date=2 May 2023 |access-date=4 September 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904102651/https://deadline.com/2023/05/shah-rukh-khan-aryan-khan-directing-debut-red-chillies-series-stardom-1235353035/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> In 2022, Khan and his business partners Bunty Singh and Leti Blagoeva launched the company Slab Ventures, under which they began a luxury collective brand named D'yavol (named after the [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] word for devil).&lt;ref name=&quot;vogue&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chou |first=Chloe |date=13 December 2022 |title=Exclusive: Aryan Khan reveals his future plans just days after announcing his writing debut |work=[[Vogue India]] |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/exclusive-aryan-khan-reveals-his-future-plans-just-days-after-announcing-his-writing-debut |url-status=live |access-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904085903/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/exclusive-aryan-khan-reveals-his-future-plans-just-days-after-announcing-his-writing-debut |archive-date=4 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kaushik|first=Mansvini|title='Your passion should be your business': Aryan Khan|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/lifes/your-passion-should-be-your-business-aryan-khan/81931/1|date=14 December 2022|access-date=4 September 2023|work=Forbes India|archive-date=4 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904092913/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/lifes/your-passion-should-be-your-business-aryan-khan/81931/1|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; They teamed with the brewing company [[Anheuser-Busch InBev]] to launch a premium liquor brand of Vodka, named D'yavol Vodka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Aryan Khan launches Vodka brand in India, days after announcing feature directorial debut |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/aryan-khan-launches-vodka-brand-in-india-days-after-announcing-feature-directorial-debut/article66257697.ece |date=13 December 2022 |access-date=4 September 2023 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904085124/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/aryan-khan-launches-vodka-brand-in-india-days-after-announcing-feature-directorial-debut/article66257697.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; They launched a blended malt scotch, D'yavol Inception, the following year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Aryan Khan-owned Slab Ventures Netherlands, Ab InBev India launch scotch brand |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/aryan-khan-owned-slab-ventures-netherlands-ab-inbev-india-launch-scotch-brand-11687766963057.html |date=26 June 2023 |access-date=4 September 2023 |work=Mint |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904085539/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/aryan-khan-owned-slab-ventures-netherlands-ab-inbev-india-launch-scotch-brand-11687766963057.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Also in 2023, Khan launched a luxury apparel brand, named D'yavol X.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Aryan Khan turns entrepreneur, launches new fashion brand; proud dad SRK to be brand ambassador |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/aryan-khan-turns-entrepreneur-launches-new-fashion-brand-proud-dad-srk-to-be-brand-ambassador/articleshow/99737948.cms |date=27 April 2023 |access-date=4 September 2023 |work=The Economic Times |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904085123/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/aryan-khan-turns-entrepreneur-launches-new-fashion-brand-proud-dad-srk-to-be-brand-ambassador/articleshow/99737948.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He directed an advertisement video for the brand, featuring him and his father, which marked his first directorial venture.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Aryan Khan: Working with my father is never challenging. He makes everyone's job easier on set. |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.in/celebrity/story/aryan-khan-working-with-my-father-is-never-challenging-he-makes-everyones-job-easier-on-set-565417-2023-04-29 |date=29 April 2023 |access-date=4 September 2023 |magazine=Harper Bazar |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722181159/https://www.harpersbazaar.in/celebrity/story/aryan-khan-working-with-my-father-is-never-challenging-he-makes-everyones-job-easier-on-set-565417-2023-04-29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As of 2023, Khan is filming a streaming series, tentatively titled ''Stardom'', set against the backdrop of the [[Hindi film]] industry, on which he will serve as [[showrunner]], writer, and director. It will be produced by his father under the banner [[Red Chillies Entertainment]].&lt;ref name=&quot;deadline&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='Stardom': Shah Rukh Khan's Son Aryan Khan's Directorial Debut Goes on Floor |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/stardom-shah-rukh-khans-son-aryan-khans-directorial-debut-goes-on-floor |date=5 July 2023 |access-date=4 September 2023 |website=The Quint |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904081354/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/stardom-shah-rukh-khans-son-aryan-khans-directorial-debut-goes-on-floor |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Legal issues==<br /> On 3 October 2021, Khan was arrested along with six others by the [[Narcotics Control Bureau]] (NCB)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CBI summons model arrested in Aryan Khan case in probe against Sameer Wankhede |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cbi-probe-agency-investigating-sameer-wankhede-summons-munmun-dhamecha-2408916-2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722182151/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cbi-probe-agency-investigating-sameer-wankhede-summons-munmun-dhamecha-2408916-2023-07-19 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-18 |title=Drug Case Against Aryan Khan a 'Set Up'? Ex NCB Official Make Shocking Claims About Sameer Wankhede |url=https://www.news18.com/india/drug-case-against-aryan-khan-a-set-up-ex-ncb-official-make-shocking-claims-about-sameer-wankhede-8368171.html |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722181146/https://www.news18.com/india/drug-case-against-aryan-khan-a-set-up-ex-ncb-official-make-shocking-claims-about-sameer-wankhede-8368171.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ajaz reveals he met Aryan Khan in jail, says 'you wouldn't want your worst enemy there' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/ajaz-reveals-he-met-aryan-khan-in-jail-says-you-wouldnt-want-your-worst-enemy-there-2399405-2023-06-29 |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722181156/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/ajaz-reveals-he-met-aryan-khan-in-jail-says-you-wouldnt-want-your-worst-enemy-there-2399405-2023-06-29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; during a raid on an alleged [[rave party]] on a [[cruise ship]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-10-05 |title=Aryan Khan and Ashish Mishra: India gripped by tale of two sons |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-58788548 |access-date=2023-08-20 |archive-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820123524/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-58788548 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Khan was detained as part of an investigation into an alleged international drugs racket.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Key witness, in Aryan Khan drugs case, Kiran Gosavi roped in after Sameer Wankhede's approval |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/celebrity/key-witness-in-aryan-khan-drugs-case-kiran-gosavi-roped-in-after-sameer-wankhedes-approval/101855568 |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=mirchi.in |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722181147/https://mirchi.in/stories/celebrity/key-witness-in-aryan-khan-drugs-case-kiran-gosavi-roped-in-after-sameer-wankhedes-approval/101855568 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-19 |title=Drugs on cruise case: Shah Rukh Khan's son Aryan Khan's arrest was a 'set-up', ex-NCB officer's shocking claims against |url=https://www.news-journal.com/drugs-on-cruise-case-shah-rukh-khans-son-aryan-khan-s-arrest-was-a-set/video_3971aaab-d49d-54af-bfc1-0a1be65df0a4.html |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=Longview News-Journal |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722181147/https://www.news-journal.com/drugs-on-cruise-case-shah-rukh-khans-son-aryan-khan-s-arrest-was-a-set/video_3971aaab-d49d-54af-bfc1-0a1be65df0a4.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-19 |title=Former intelligence officer Ashish Ranjan Prasad says Shah Rukh Khan's son Aryan Khan arrest was a set up |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/former-intelligence-officer-ashish-ranjan-prasad-says-shah-rukh-khans-son-aryan-khan-arrest-was-a-set-up-12887542.html |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722181146/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/former-intelligence-officer-ashish-ranjan-prasad-says-shah-rukh-khans-son-aryan-khan-arrest-was-a-set-up-12887542.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; After spending 25 days at the [[Mumbai Central Prison]] and being denied bail four times, he was granted bail on 28 October 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-10-31 |title=Drugs-on-cruise case: Other than Aryan Khan, who all have got bail till now |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/drugsoncruise-case-other-than-aryan-khan-who-all-have-got-bail-till-now-101635676470308.html |access-date=2023-08-20 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820123524/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/drugsoncruise-case-other-than-aryan-khan-who-all-have-got-bail-till-now-101635676470308.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=3 November 2021 |title=Aryan Khan case: Stranger than reel life |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/aryan-khan-case-stranger-than-reel-life/article37256572.ece |access-date=4 September 2023 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904103752/https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/aryan-khan-case-stranger-than-reel-life/article37256572.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In May 2022, he was cleared of all charges.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; One of the officers leading the investigation, [[Sameer Wankhede]], was later charged with corruption and [[extortion]] in connection with the case, with the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] alleging that the drug charges were part of a scheme to blackmail the Khan family.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 July 2023 |title=Shah Rukh Khan's son Aryan Khan framed in drug bust? Arrest was just 'set up', Kiran Gosavi a pawn |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-shah-rukh-khan-s-son-aryan-khan-framed-in-drug-bust-arrest-was-just-set-up-kiran-gosavi-a-pawn-3052372 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722181146/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-shah-rukh-khan-s-son-aryan-khan-framed-in-drug-bust-arrest-was-just-set-up-kiran-gosavi-a-pawn-3052372 |archive-date=22 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=DNA India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 July 2023 |title=Aryan Khan drugs case: Big SETBACK to Sameer Wankhede, CBI summons model Munmun Dhamecha in probe against the ex-NCB officer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/etimes/bollywood/aryan-khan-drugs-case-big-setback-to-sameer-wankhede-cbi-summons-model-munmun-dhamecha-in-probe-against-the-ex-ncb-officer/videoshow/101975634.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722181146/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/etimes/bollywood/aryan-khan-drugs-case-big-setback-to-sameer-wankhede-cbi-summons-model-munmun-dhamecha-in-probe-against-the-ex-ncb-officer/videoshow/101975634.cms |archive-date=22 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-18 |title=Aryan Khan Drug Case {{!}} SRK's Son's Arrest Was A Set-Up, Claims Former Intelligence Officer |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/aryan-khan-drug-case-shah-rukh-khans-sons-arrest-was-a-set-up-claims-former-intelligence-officer-bollywood-new-article-101871065 |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=Times Now |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722181146/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/aryan-khan-drug-case-shah-rukh-khans-sons-arrest-was-a-set-up-claims-former-intelligence-officer-bollywood-new-article-101871065 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb name|id=nm0451175}}<br /> *{{Instagram|id=___aryan___}}<br /> <br /> {{Shah Rukh Khan}}<br /> <br /> {{Portal bar|Indian|Film|Bollywood}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control|show=IN}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Aryan}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1997 births]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male child actors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian voice actors]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bandish_Bandits&diff=435180 2023-10-17T01:28:49Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|Indian Television web series}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} {{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}} {{Infobox television | image = Bandish Bandits poster.jpg | caption = Promotional poster | creator = {{ubl|Amritpal Singh Bindra|Anand Tiwari}}&lt;!--Creators are people, not companies--&gt; | starring = {{ubl|Ritwik Bhowmik|Shreya Chaudhry|Naseeruddin Shah|Atul Kulkarni|...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Television web series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Bandish Bandits poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Promotional poster<br /> | creator = {{ubl|Amritpal Singh Bindra|[[Anand Tiwari]]}}&lt;!--Creators are people, not companies--&gt;<br /> | starring = {{ubl|Ritwik Bhowmik|Shreya Chaudhry|[[Naseeruddin Shah]]|[[Atul Kulkarni]]|[[Sheeba Chaddha]]|[[Rajesh Tailang]]|[[Amit Mistry]]|[[Kunaal Roy Kapur]]|[[Rahul Kumar (actor)|Rahul Kumar]]|[[Tridha Choudhury|Tridha Choudhary]]<br /> }}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | genre = [[Romance film|Romance]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Drama]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Musical film|Musical]]<br /> | story = {{ubl|Amritpal Singh Bindra|Lara Chandni|Anand Tiwari}}<br /> | screenplay = Amritpal Singh Bindra<br /> | director = Anand Tiwari<br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = 10<br /> | list_episodes = #Episodes<br /> | music = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 July 2020 |title=Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy to make digital debut with 'Bandish Bandits', a musical romance |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shankar-ehsaan-loy-to-make-digital-debut-with-bandish-bandits-a-musical-romance/article32066566.ece |access-date=13 July 2020 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | executive_producer = Pranati Nagarsheth<br /> | camera = <br /> | runtime = 33-50 mins<br /> | company = Still and Still Moving Pictures<br /> | network = [[Amazon Prime Video]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2020|8|4}}<br /> | last_aired = present<br /> | related = <br /> | cinematography = Sriram Ganapathy<br /> | editor = Ajay Sharma<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Bandish Bandits''''' is an Indian [[Musical film|musical]] [[romantic drama]] [[streaming television]] series on [[Amazon Prime Video]] created by Amritpal Singh Bindra and [[Anand Tiwari]], produced by Still &amp; Still Moving Pictures and directed by Anand Tiwari.&lt;ref name=&quot;Desk 2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 July 2020 |title=Amazon Prime announces new Indian original series Bandish Bandits, featuring soundtrack by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/amazon-prime-announces-new-indian-original-series-bandish-bandits-featuring-soundtrack-by-shankar-ehsaan-loy/story-A7RbtIs49McKk4mBVCRdNM.html |access-date=13 July 2020 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kshitij 2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rawat |first=Kshitij |date=13 July 2020 |title=Amazon Prime Video series Bandish Bandits to stream from August 4 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/amazon-prime-video-series-bandish-bandits-to-stream-from-august-4-6503834/ |access-date=13 July 2020 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; The script was written by Bindra, Tiwari and Lara Chandni. The series feature debutants Ritwik Bhowmik as Radhe Rathod, a [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani Classical]] musician and Shreya Chaudhary as Tamanna Sharma, a pop singer, who hail from different worlds of music. Exploring the debate of music being a discipline versus a means of liberation. The series also features [[Naseeruddin Shah]], [[Sheeba Chaddha]] and [[Atul Kulkarni]].<br /> <br /> The series officially announced in February 2019, and principal shoot took place across [[Jodhpur]] and [[Bikaner]] in [[Rajasthan]]. The film's soundtrack album and background score is composed by [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], in their maiden attempt in scoring music for web series, and the soundtrack album received positive reviews from critics.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Devarsi |title=2020 yearender: More originals and fewer remixes in films and web series |url=https://scroll.in/reel/980894/2020-yearender-more-originals-and-fewer-remixes-in-films-and-web-series |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Bandish Bandits'' released on 4 August 2020, through [[Amazon Prime Video]]. The series received positive response from critics and audiences, praising the performances of the cast, writing and direction, songs and background score.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hooli |first=Shekhar H. |date=2020-08-04 |title=Bandish Bandits review and rating: This is how viewers react to Ritwik-Shreya web series |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bandish-bandits-review-rating-this-how-viewers-react-ritwik-shreya-web-series-825752 |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=www.ibtimes.co.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was listed by critics as one of the best Indian television shows of 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-12-29 |title=Pushpavalli season 2, Aarya, Bandish Bandits, Asur, Paatal Lok: 20 best Indian streaming shows of 2020 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/pushpavalli-season-2-aarya-bandish-bandits-asur-paatal-lok-20-best-indian-streaming-shows-of-2020-9155321.html |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Firstpost}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series was nominated for seven [[2021 Filmfare OTT Awards|Filmfare OTT Awards]] including, Best Supporting Actor for Shah, Best Supporting Actress for Chaddha and Best Original Story and Best Screenplay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2021/nominations|title=My Glamm Filmfare OTT Awards 2021 - Nominations|date=2 December 2021|access-date=10 December 2021|website=FilmFare|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/scam-1992-leads-nominations-for-filmfare-ott-awards-2021-7652939/|title=Scam 1992 leads nominations for Filmfare OTT Awards 2021|date=2 December 2021|access-date=10 December 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In September 2020, it was officially renewed for a second season.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Amazon Prime Video series 'Bandish Bandits' creators 'intend' to make season two |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/sep/14/amazon-prime-video-series-bandish-bandits-creators-intend-to-make-season-two-2196729.html |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 23 December 2022 [[Amazon Prime Video]] tweeted that the production of second season has begun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Amazon Prime Video India tweets about the production of second season|url=https://twitter.com/PrimeVideoIN/status/1606253990345601025 |website= Twitter prime video IN}}&lt;/ref&gt; On May 19, 2023, Ritwik Bhowmik posted on his Instagram story (where he tagged Anand Tiwari) that they were in the &quot;last few days&quot; of production. Since then, Ritwik Bhowmik has posted on his Instagram story that Season 2 is &quot;imminent.&quot;<br /> <br /> == Premise ==<br /> Classical music student Radhe and pop sensation Tamanna, coming from very different worlds of music, set out together on a journey of self-discovery to see if opposites, though they might attract, can also adapt and go the long haul.&lt;!-- IMPORTANT: Do not remove &quot;spoilers&quot;. Wikipedia articles about TV shows should give a very brief summary of the ENTIRE plot --&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 July 2020 |title='Bandish Bandits' First Look: Ritwik Bhowmik-Shreya Chaudhry's web series backed by Naseeruddin Shah, Atul Kulkarni |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-bandish-bandits-first-look-ritwik-bhowmik-shreya-chaudhry-s-web-series-backed-by-naseeruddin-shah-atul-kulkarni-2832122 |access-date=13 July 2020 |website=[[Dna India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Ritwik Bhowmik]] as Radhe Rathod aka Radhemohan Rathod Jr.<br /> * Shreya Chaudhary as Tamanna Sharma<br /> * [[Naseeruddin Shah]] as Pandit Radhemohan Rathod, the current Sangeet Samrat and Radhe's grandfather<br /> * [[Atul Kulkarni]] as Digvijay Rathod, Radhe's step-uncle, Pandit Radhemohan's abandoned son, Rajendra's step-brother and Mohini's former love interest<br /> * [[Sheeba Chaddha]] as Mohini Rathod, Radhe's mother and Digvijay's former love interest<br /> * [[Rajesh Tailang]] as Rajendra Rathod, Radhe's father and Digvijay's step-brother<br /> * [[Amit Mistry]] as Devendra Rathod, Radhe's uncle, Rajendra's younger brother and Digvijay's step-brother<br /> * [[Kunaal Roy Kapur]] as Arghya<br /> * [[Rahul Kumar (actor)|Rahul Kumar]] as Kabir<br /> * [[Rituraj Singh (actor)|Rituraj Singh]] as Harshvardhan Sharma, Tamanna's father<br /> * [[Meghna Malik]] as Avantika Sharma, Tamanna's separated mother<br /> * [[Tridha Choudhury]] as Sandhya Shekhawat, Radhe's brief fiancée<br /> * [[Harssh A. Singh]] as Suryasen Shekhawat, Sandhya's Father<br /> * Dilip Shankar as Rajaji<br /> *[[Avneet Kaur]], [[Rohan Shah]], [[Gajraj Rao]], [[Shweta Tripathi]], Chaitanya Sharma and Harleen Sethi in the song Chedkhaniyaan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=India-West |first=R. M. VIJAYAKAR/Special to |title=Music Video 'Chedkhaniyaan' from 'Bandish Bandits' Will Fill You With Warmth |url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/music-video-chedkhaniyaan-from-bandish-bandits-will-fill-you-with-warmth/article_26e38638-d73c-11ea-9ccf-3bc1b33b8162.html |access-date=2021-06-27 |website=India West |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Episodes ==<br /> {{Episode table |background=#000000 |overall= |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |airdateR=&lt;ref name=&quot;TFC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bandish Bandits – Listings |url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/showatch/bandish-bandits/listings/ |access-date=2 August 2020 |website=[[The Futon Critic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; |released=y |country=U.S. |episodes=<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 1<br /> |Title = Blue Bandit<br /> |DirectedBy = Anand Tiwari&lt;ref name=&quot;TFC&quot; /&gt;<br /> |WrittenBy = Amritpal Singh Bindra&lt;ref name=&quot;TFC&quot; /&gt;<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|8|4|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = Radhe, a music prodigy in the classical tradition, meets Tammanah, a viral pop YouTube sensation who comes from a world dramatically opposite to his.<br /> |LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 2<br /> |Title = Shuddhikaran<br /> |DirectedBy = Anand Tiwari<br /> |WrittenBy = Amritpal Singh Bindra<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|8|4|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = Radhe's interaction with Tammanah jeopardises his musical dream, so he has to prove himself to his mentor and grandfather, Panditji.<br /> |LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 3<br /> |Title = Roleplay<br /> |DirectedBy = Anand Tiwari<br /> |WrittenBy = Amritpal Singh Bindra<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|8|4|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = Radhe begins to sing with Tammanah for financial reasons, but love and attraction grow between the young couple as they work on their first song together.<br /> |LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 4<br /> |Title = Phas Gaye<br /> |DirectedBy = Anand Tiwari<br /> |WrittenBy = Amritpal Singh Bindra<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|8|4|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = Personal and musical stress starts to show as Radhe juggles the simultaneous demands of Tammanah and Panditji.<br /> |LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 5<br /> |Title = Masked Man<br /> |DirectedBy = Anand Tiwari<br /> |WrittenBy = Amritpal Singh Bindra<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|8|4|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = Radhe gets a shocking glimpse into the inner life of Panditji, even as he struggles to navigate a tense music videoshoot with Tammanah.<br /> |LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 6<br /> |Title = A Star is Born<br /> |DirectedBy = Anand Tiwari<br /> |WrittenBy = Amritpal Singh Bindra<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|8|4|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = Radhe starts training under Panditji to sing against his estranged uncle Digvijay, while his first song with Tammanah releases and is an instant hit.<br /> |LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 7<br /> |Title = #CoupleGoals<br /> |DirectedBy = Anand Tiwari<br /> |WrittenBy = Amritpal Singh Bindra<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|8|4|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = Radhe takes on new gigs to repay his father Rajendra's loan, which puts a strain on his increasing fraud relationships with Tammanah and Panditji.<br /> |LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 8<br /> |Title = Bandish Bandits<br /> |DirectedBy = Anand Tiwari<br /> |WrittenBy = Amritpal Singh Bindra<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|8|4|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = Radhe teaches Tammanah to sing live for a last shot at her dream of collaborating with an international pop star, while his own training with Panditji receives an enormous setback.<br /> |LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 9<br /> |Title = A Separation<br /> |DirectedBy = Anand Tiwari<br /> |WrittenBy = Amritpal Singh Bindra<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|8|4|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = Radhe is utterly broken and on the verge of giving up as he loses both Tammanah and Panditji, but his mother Mohini rises to save the day.<br /> |LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 10<br /> |Title = Sangeet Samrat<br /> |DirectedBy = Anand Tiwari<br /> |WrittenBy = Amritpal Singh Bindra<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|8|4|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = Joy, sorrow and adrenaline charge through the final episode as Radhe and Digvijay sing off against each other in a fierce battle for the Rathod family's musical future.<br /> |LineColor = 000000<br /> }}}}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> <br /> === Development ===<br /> On 14 February 2019, Vijay Subramaniam, chief director and head of content of [[Amazon Prime Video]] India,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-02-14 |title=Amazon Prime announces 20 new shows, including 6 Indian series from Anushka Sharma, Ali Abbas Zafar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/amazon-prime-announces-20-new-shows-including-6-indian-shows-from-anushka-sharma-ali-abbas-zafar/story-y9n9oSstOePMCKaslL0UPM.html |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; announced the release of six Indian originals, at the [[Television Critics Association]]'s press tour held in [[Los Angeles]], California.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Amazon Prime Video Announces 7 New, Returning Series From India |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/mirzapur-season-2-greenlit-by-amazon-prime-video-as-it-orders-six-new-indian-series-from-ali-abbas-z-1993515 |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=NDTV Gadgets 360 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was produced by Still and Still Moving Pictures, with the series created by Amritpal Singh Bindra and [[Anand Tiwari]], who previously collabrated for [[Netflix]] film ''[[Love per Square Foot]]'' (2018), while Tiwari helmed the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Amazon Prime Video greenlits new original series 'Bandish Bandits' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/amazon-prime-video-greenlits-new-original-series-bandish-bandits/1480904 |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Outlook India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bindra eventually stated that &quot;The show is a millennial love story set against the backdrop of a clash between pop and Hindustani classical music. Based in Jodhpur, it explores the central theme of whether music is discipline or is it liberation.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2019-02-18 |title=Amazon Prime Video greenlits new original series 'Bandish Bandits' |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/amazon-prime-video-greenlits-new-original-series-bandish-bandits-119021800622_1.html |access-date=2021-01-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 18 February 2019, the makers announced that [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], will compose music for the series, making their debut on a digital platform.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Amazon Prime Video announces web series 'Bandish Bandits' with music by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy |url=https://scroll.in/reel/913669/amazon-prime-video-announces-web-series-bandish-bandits-with-music-by-shankar-ehsaan-loy |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy to Score Amazon's Musical Series Bandish Bandits |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/amazon-prime-video-taps-shankar-ehsaan-loy-for-musical-original-series-bandish-bandits-1995172 |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=NDTV Gadgets 360 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Characters ===<br /> To play the lead characters Radhe and Tamanna, the makers hired debutants Ritwik Bhowmik and Shreya Chaudhary. Shreya, opened up about what drew her to the script stating, &quot;The script chose me. I was immediately sold when I came to know about the director and the cast. And things got even better when I read it. Tamannah is very different from Shreya, so that was exciting. Moreover, this is a romantic show woven around music and that aspect was very fresh for me.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=Bandish Bandits is about art vs exhibitionism: Ritwik Bhowmik |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/ritwik-bhowmik-on-bandish-bandits-shreya-chaudhary-amazon-prime-video-6534790/ |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ritwik eventually took no time to give his nod to the project, after revealing details about the director and cast.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He further stated &quot;There were 10 blueprints that I had to go through in order to get Radhe right. It took time to understand him as he is very far off from who I am in my life. It is about relationship dynamics, art versus exhibitionism, mediocrity versus genius among other things.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The two actors were trained under musician Akshit Parikh, who also made a cameo in the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akshat Parikh is the man who trained the cast of Bandish Bandits including Naseeruddin Shah and Atul Kulkarni |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2020/aug/25/akshit-parikh-is-the-man-who-trained-the-cast-of-bandish-bandits-including-naseeruddin-shah-and-atul-27638.html |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=www.indulgexpress.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pandita |first=Nirtika |date=2020-09-02 |title=Music supervisor Akshat Parikh shares his experience of working on Bandish Bandits |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/020920/music-supervisor-akshat-parikh-shares-his-experience-of-working-on-ban.html |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Filming ===<br /> Principal Photography began in December 2018. The series were primarily shot in [[Jodhpur]] and [[Bikaner]] in [[Rajasthan]]. From its very first episode, the series had captured several traditional Rajasthani elements which include traditional paintings, couches, walls, huts and palaces.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bandish Bandits |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/photo-gallery-5-indian-web-series-shot-at-picturesque-locations-that-will-give-you-major-vacation-goals-2843865/bandish-bandits-2843869 |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=DNA India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The makers shot few scenes at the [[Lakshmi Vilas Palace]] located in Rajasthan, and some of the scenes were shot at the deserts located in Bikaner district.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Devarsi |title=In web series 'Bandish Bandits', a conversation about updating Indian classical music |url=https://scroll.in/reel/968381/in-web-series-bandish-bandits-a-conversation-about-updating-indian-classical-music |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; In an interview with a media portal, actor Ritwik Bhowmik described his experience at the desserts of Bikaner. Bhowmik said that the team filmed one of the ragas in the Bikaner desert during the peak of summer. However, when the team was shooting the raga, it started to rain. Bhowmik said that this was &quot;one of the most divine and magical experiences of his life&quot;. Shooting wrapped up in June 2019.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Bandish Bandits<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | alt = <br /> | released = 27 July 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 July 2020 |title=Bandish Bandits (Music from the Prime Original Series) |url=https://music.amazon.in/albums/B08DM98YF7 |publisher=Amazon Music}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | recorded = 2019<br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon Original Series]] [[Soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 35:11<br /> | language = [[Hindi]]<br /> | label = [[Amazon Music]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | prev_title = [[Panga (film)|Panga]]<br /> | prev_year = 2020<br /> | next_title = [[Bunty Aur Babli 2]]<br /> | next_year = 2021<br /> | misc = {{External media<br /> | audio1 = {{YouTube|LSYpxo7behA|Official Audio Jukebox}}<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The music for ''Bandish Bandits'' was composed by [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], in their debut composition for web series. On their inclusion, the composers stated that the background score will work in tandem to the story-line and building the scenes, the songs in this series form a part of the core narrative.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-08-20 |title=Indian classical music should reach a bigger audience, says Shankar Mahadevan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/indian-classical-music-should-reach-a-bigger-audience-shankar-mahadevan-ehsaan-noorani-loy-mendonsa-bandish-bandits-6558183/ |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The 11-song soundtrack album features lyrics by Divyanshu Malhotra, Tanishk S Nabar, Sameer Samant and also consists traditional verses. The soundtrack album was released on 27 July 2020,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Bandish Bandits – Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, Shivam Mahadevan, Jonita Gandhi – Download or Listen Free – JioSaavn |date=27 July 2020 |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/bandish-bandits/xirt2XF-BVk_ |language=en-US |access-date=2021-01-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; and received positive response from critics.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Devarsi Ghosh of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' opined that &quot;The blend of easy-listening pop and soaring semi-classical tunes brings to mind the trio's vast body of work&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Devarsi |title='Bandish Bandits' music review: Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy album is a crisp blend of pop and classical |url=https://scroll.in/reel/966809/bandish-bandits-music-review-shankar-ehsaan-loy-album-is-a-crisp-blend-of-pop-and-classical |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Baradwaj Rangan]] of ''[[Film Companion]]'' praised the album as a &quot;magnificent east-meets-west soundtrack&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |date=2020-08-03 |title=The Music Of Bandish Bandits On Amazon Prime Video: Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy Go All Out In A Magnificent East-Meets-West Soundtrack |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/music/bollywood-music-review-bandish-bandits-amazon-prime-video-shankar-ehsaan-loy-go-all-out-in-a-magnificent-east-meets-west-soundtrack-baradwaj-rangan/ |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Film Companion |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Karthik Srinivasan of ''Milliblog'' hailed as &quot;one of the best soundtracks in Hindi in recent times&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 July 2020 |title=Bandish Bandits (Music review), Hindi – Shankar Ehsaan Loy by Milliblog! |url=https://milliblog.com/2020/07/27/bandish-bandits-music-review-hindi-shankar-ehsaan-loy/ |access-date=2021-01-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vipin Nair of ''Music Aloud'' reviewed as &quot;a solid piece of work, despite noty being an extraordinary work by the trio (Shankar Mahadevan, Ehsaan Noorani and Loy Mendonsa), when it comes to classical fusion&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-08-04 |title=Bandish Bandits – Music Review (Hindi Web Series Soundtrack) |url=https://www.musicaloud.com/2020/08/03/bandish-bandits-music-review-hindi-web-series-soundtrack/ |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Music Aloud}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | total_length = 35:11<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Sajan Bin<br /> | extra1 = Shivam Mahadevan, [[Jonita Gandhi]]<br /> | lyrics1 = Divyanshu Malhotra<br /> | length1 = 3:14<br /> | title2 = Chedkhaniyaan<br /> | extra2 = Shivam Mahadevan, Pratibha Singh Baghel<br /> | lyrics2 = Tanishk S Nabar<br /> | length2 = 3:18<br /> | title3 = Couple Goals<br /> | extra3 = [[Armaan Malik]], Jonita Gandhi<br /> | lyrics3 = Tanishk S Nabar<br /> | length3 = 2:36<br /> | title4 = Labb Par Aaye<br /> | extra4 = [[Javed Ali]]<br /> | lyrics4 = Sameer Samant<br /> | length4 = 3:47<br /> | title5 = Virah<br /> | extra5 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]<br /> | lyrics5 = Sameer Samant<br /> | length5 = 3:00<br /> | title6 = Dhara Hogi<br /> | extra6 = Shankar Mahadevan<br /> | lyrics6 = Sameer Samant<br /> | length6 = 4:21<br /> | title7 = Garaj Garaj Jugalbandi<br /> | extra7 = Farid Hasan, Mohammed Aman<br /> | lyrics7 = Sameer Samant<br /> | length7 = 5:30<br /> | title8 = Mastiyaapa<br /> | extra8 = Jonita Gandhi<br /> | lyrics8 = Tanishk S Nabar<br /> | length8 = 3:22<br /> | title9 = Garaj Garaj<br /> | extra9 = [[Ajoy Chakrabarty|Pandit Ajoy Chakraborty]]<br /> | lyrics9 = Sameer Samant<br /> | length9 = 2:38<br /> | title10 = [[Kesariya Balam|Padharo Maare Des]]<br /> | extra10 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]<br /> | lyrics10 = Traditional<br /> | length10 = 2:20<br /> | title11 = Bandish Bandits Theme<br /> | extra11 = Shankar Mahadevan, [[Mame Khan]], Ravi Mishra<br /> | lyrics11 = Traditional<br /> | length11 = 1:05<br /> | title12 = Lat Uljhi Suljha Baalama<br /> | extra12 = Shreeya Sondur<br /> | lyrics12 = Traditional<br /> | length12 = 1:55<br /> | all_writing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> On 15 July 2019, [[Amazon Prime Video]] announced the series officially,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2019 |title=Amazon Prime India releases first look of Breathe 2, Inside Edge 2 and other originals |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/amazon-prime-india-releases-first-look-of-breathe-2-inside-edge-2-and-other-originals-1569420-2019-07-15 |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; with a first look and teaser being released to coincide the [[Prime Day]] celebrations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-07-15 |title=Watch: On Amazon Prime Day, streaming service releases slate, from Inside Edge season 2 to Bandish Bandits |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/watch-on-amazon-prime-day-streaming-service-releases-slate-from-inside-edge-season-2-to-bandish-bandits-6995771.html |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Firstpost}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series was initially scheduled to release in the last quarter of 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Here's Your First Look at 5 Upcoming Prime Video Series From India |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/amazon-prime-day-2019-video-first-look-abhishek-bachchan-kabir-khan-inside-edge-2-2069667 |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=NDTV Gadgets 360 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, the series was scheduled for a release date in late 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inside Edge Season 3 a Go as Amazon Announces 2 More Indian Shows |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/amazon-prime-video-inside-edge-3-mumbai-diaries-26-11-jaipur-pink-panthers-mirzapur-2-2166773 |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=NDTV Gadgets 360 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 13 July 2020, the makers unveiled the first look motion poster of the series,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Keshri |first=Shweta |date=July 13, 2020 |title=Amazon Prime Video shares motion poster of Bandish Bandits. Series to premiere on August 4 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/amazon-prime-shares-motion-poster-of-bandish-bandits-series-to-premiere-on-august-4-1700082-2020-07-13 |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; followed by the teaser on 16 July,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-18 |title=Bandish Bandits teaser: Amazon brings a jugalbandi of music and love. Trailer out on Monday |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bandish-bandits-teaser-amazon-brings-a-jugalbandi-of-music-and-love-trailer-out-on-monday/story-BxEDVimoU6ydf8PjN00VTI.html |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the trailer on 20 July.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-20 |title=Bandish Bandits trailer: When musical opposites attract |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/bandish-bandits-trailer-6514620/ |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-20 |title=Bandish Bandits trailer: Tradition plays spoilsport in this duet between music and love, watch video |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bandish-bandits-trailer-tradition-plays-spoilsport-in-this-duet-between-music-and-love-watch-video/story-KOiCWwNyL9lMHztPepKNcI.html |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a part of the promotional strategy, the makers hosted a virtual music concert on 3 August 2020,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Amazon announces 'Bandish Bandits' concert |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2020/08/01/amazon-announces-bandish-bandits-concert.html |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=The Week |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; with [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], [[Prateek Kuhad]], [[Lisa Mishra]], [[Armaan Malik]], [[Jonita Gandhi]] and [[Mame Khan]], giving live performances.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=Bandish Bandits concert: Shankar Mahadevan, Prateek Kuhad set mood for monsoon with powerful performances |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/bandish-bandits-concert-shankar-mahadevan-prateek-kuhad-set-mood-for-monsoon-with-powerful-performances/story-Uikq4xnRfLJ5Bp8qBuIfXM.html |url-status=live |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805180731/https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/bandish-bandits-concert-shankar-mahadevan-prateek-kuhad-set-mood-for-monsoon-with-powerful-performances/story-Uikq4xnRfLJ5Bp8qBuIfXM.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The series premiered on 4 August 2020 on [[Amazon Prime Video]].&lt;ref name=&quot;release&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Komoi |date=2020-07-13 |title=Bandish Bandits: Here's The Release Date Of Amazon Prime Video's Upcoming Romantic Musical Drama |url=https://www.koimoi.com/television/bandish-bandits-heres-the-release-date-of-amazon-prime-videos-upcoming-romantic-musical-drama/ |access-date=2020-07-13 |website=Koimoi}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 11 December 2020, the makers released the Tamil and Telugu dubbed versions of the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Amazon Prime Video to launch original content in Tamil, Telugu |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/amazon-prime-video-to-launch-original-content-in-tamil-telugu/story/411401.html |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=www.businesstoday.in|date=29 July 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> Shubhra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' reviewed &quot;The conversation around the need to revive interest in classical music, and the fact that there doesn't need to be a rift between the classical and the popular, needs to be on-going. Despite its flaws, Bandish Bandits keeps up focus on this crucial theme.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-08-08 |title=Bandish Bandits review: Naseeruddin Shah towers over web series |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/bandish-bandits-review-naseeruddin-shah-web-series-6539009/ |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nandini Ramanath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' reviewed &quot;One thing which is missing from the mix is a reflection of the audience base for classical music that allows performers to maintain tradition, pursue long careers, and become stars in their own right. An understanding of the ability of classical musicians to successfully renegotiate the boundaries of form and performance on their own terms is also absent.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |title='Bandish Bandits' review: Musical battles rages in web series about a gharana and a house divided |url=https://scroll.in/reel/969218/bandish-bandits-review-musical-battles-rages-in-web-series-about-a-gharana-and-a-house-divided |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' gave three out of five stars and reviewed &quot;Watch ''Bandish Bandits'' for the music and the actors: they soar even when the show doesn't.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bandish Bandits Review: Naseeruddin Shah-Led Cast Soars Even When Show Doesn't |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bandish-bandits-review-naseeruddin-shah-led-cast-soars-even-when-show-doesnt-3-stars-out-of-5-2273847 |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Pratishruti Ganguly of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave three out of five stating &quot;What ''Bandish Bandits'' fails to do, is meld its musical largesse with the narrative scope of the show. Predictably, the length of the show (10 episodes, each over 40 minutes) demands a complex storyline that slowly builds its dramatic tension to climax to a rousing crescendo.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-08-07 |title=Bandish Bandits review: Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy's brilliant soundtrack anchors Amazon Prime Video's romantic musical |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bandish-bandits-review-shankar-ehsaan-loys-brilliant-soundtrack-anchors-amazon-prime-videos-romantic-musical-8679031.html |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Firstpost}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saraswati Datar of ''[[The News Minute]]'' stated &quot;It's no masterpiece but watch ''Bandish Bandits'' for the lovely music that we will not get to hear on any other show, and for some its fabulous actors who quite like the music only get seen on web series like these.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-08-04 |title='Bandish Bandits' review: The real star of this series is the music |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bandish-bandits-review-real-star-series-music-129986 |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In contrast Mini Anthikkad Chibber of ''[[The Hindu]]'' reviewed &quot;''Bandish Bandits'' would have scraped through as a 90-minute vanilla rom-com. Padding up that wafer-thin story with inanities and songs is a terrible test of the viewer's patience.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chhibber |first=Mini Anthikad |date=2020-08-06 |title='Bandish Bandits' review: A vanilla offering that barely passes muster |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bandish-bandits-review-a-vanilla-offering-that-barely-passes-muster/article32286952.ece |access-date=2021-01-23 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rahul Desai of ''[[Film Companion]]'' reviewed &quot;There are several problems with Bandish Bandits, but purely on a storytelling level, the writing suffers from attention deficit disorder.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Desai |first=Rahul |date=2020-08-04 |title=Bandish Bandits On Amazon Prime Video Is A Bloated, Confused Mess of a Musical |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/streaming/bandish-bandits-amazon-prime-video-review-a-bloated-confused-mess-of-a-musical-naseeruddin-shah-rahul-desai/ |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Film Companion |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|id=9814458}}<br /> <br /> {{Amazon Video original series}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama television series]]<br /> [[Category:Amazon Prime Video original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language web series]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Indian musical television series]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritwik_Bhowmik&diff=435179 2023-10-17T01:25:03Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|Indian actor}} {{Infobox person | name = Ritwik Bhowmik | image = Ritwik Bhowmik at the screening of film Maja Ma (cropped).jpg | caption = Bhowmik in 2022 | birth_date = &lt;!-- WP:BLP policy forbids including this without a strong WP:RS cite --&gt; | birth_place = | education = | occupation = Actor | years_active = 2017–present | known for = &#039;&#039;Bandish Bandit...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actor}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Ritwik Bhowmik<br /> | image = Ritwik Bhowmik at the screening of film Maja Ma (cropped).jpg<br /> | caption = Bhowmik in 2022<br /> | birth_date = &lt;!-- [[WP:BLP]] policy forbids including this without a strong [[WP:RS]] cite --&gt;<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | education = <br /> | occupation = Actor<br /> | years_active = 2017–present<br /> | known for = ''[[Bandish Bandits]]''&lt;br&gt;''[[The Whistleblower (web series)|The Whistleblower]]''&lt;br&gt;''[[Modern Love Mumbai]]''<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ritwik Bhowmik''' is an Indian actor known for portraying Radhe in ''[[Bandish Bandits]]'' and Sanket Bhadoria in [[The Whistleblower (web series)|''The Whistleblower'']].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ritwik Bhowmik: When People Appreciate Your Performance, You Tend To Get Stereotyped|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-ritwik-bhowmik-when-people-appreciate-your-performance-you-tend-to-get-stereotyped/408589 | website= Outlook India|date= 7 January 2022|accessdate=14 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ritwik Bhowmik: Nobody achieves success without some help along the way|url=https://www.easterneye.biz/ritwik-bhowmik-nobody-achieves-success-without-some-help-along-the-way/ |website= EasternEye |date=19 February 2022| accessdate=14 May 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career ==<br /> Bhowmik started his acting career at age 9, appearing in live stage shows and plays. He worked in 17 plays like ''Charlie And The Tin Can'' and also made appearances in 6 short films like ''Sleep'', ''That’s How It Started'', and ''Gamble of Flesh''. Later, he became a part of the Bridging Gaps Entertainment production house. In 2017, he made his acting debut on the digital platform with the TVF web series ''Office VS Office''.<br /> <br /> In 2019, he made his film debut in the lead role with Bengali drama film, ''[[Dhuusar]]'' as Shiladitya Guha. He worked in a [[Netflix]] show titled ''Gabru'' and also appeared in several videos of ''FilterCopy Talkies''. In 2020, he made his appearance in a music-based web series ''[[Bandish Bandits]]'' that premiered on [[Amazon Prime]] where he played the lead role of a trained classical singer Radhe Rathore opposite Shreya Chaudhary.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=WION Exclusive: 'Bandish Bandits' actor Ritwik Bhowmik on his new show 'Whistleblower', a scam drama|url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-wion-exclusive-bandish-bandits-actor-ritwik-bhowmik-on-his-new-show-whistleblower-a-scam-drama-439088 | website= Wionews|date= 22 December 2021|accessdate= 14 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2022, he featured in an [[Amazon Prime Video]] [[Anthology series|anthology]] series ''[[Modern Love Mumbai]]'' opposite [[Masaba Gupta]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Modern Love: Mumbai review — Fatima Sana Shaikh, Vishal Bhardwaj rescue the tame, stilted anthology|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/modern-love-mumbai-review-fatima-sana-shaikh-vishal-bhardwaj-rescue-the-tame-stilted-anthology-10668541.html|website= Firstpost |date=13 May 2022| accessdate=14 May 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Masaba Gupta feels modern love is 'simply complicated' Exclusive|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/masaba-gupta-feels-modern-love-is-simply-complicated-exclusive-1946358-2022-05-06|website= Indian Today |date=6 May 2022| accessdate=14 May 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and later in the same year in Amazon Prime Video's ''Maja Ma'' opposite [[Barkha Singh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-06 |title=Ritwik Bhowmik on Madhuri Dixit's Maja Ma: 'My career has been born on OTT' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/not-just-bollywood-ritwik-bhowmik-on-madhuri-dixits-maja-ma-my-career-has-been-born-on-ott-11395581.html |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> <br /> === Films ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Role <br /> !Notes<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 2019 || ''[[Cargo (2019 film)|Cargo]]'' || Aggressive Cargo <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2019 ||''[[Dhuusar]]'' || Shiladitya Guha <br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=Bandish Bandits is about art vs exhibitionism: Ritwik Bhowmik |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/ritwik-bhowmik-on-bandish-bandits-shreya-chaudhary-amazon-prime-video-6534790/ |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2020<br /> | ''Life Is Ruff'' ||Faizaan<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Short film<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Haba Goba'' || Kush <br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=IBT Entertainment |date=2020-10-13 |title=The Viral Shah directorial short film 'Haba Goba' powered by ttt trends for its act and anecdote |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/viral-shah-directorial-short-film-haba-goba-powered-by-ttt-trends-its-act-anecdote-829273 |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=www.ibtimes.co.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2022 || ''[[Maja Ma]]'' || Tejas Patel<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Maja Ma - Official Trailer {{!}} Madhuri Dixit, Gajraj Rao, Ritwik Bhowmik, Barkha Singh - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/videos/ott/maja-ma-official-trailer-madhuri-dixit-gajraj-rao-ritwik-bhowmik-barkha-singh/ |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Web series ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Role <br /> !Notes<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 2017 || ''Office vs. Office'' || Baldev <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2018 || ''FilterCopy Talkies '' || Joy <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2020 || ''[[Bandish Bandits]]'' || Radhemohan &quot;Radhe&quot; Rathod Jr. <br /> | || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=30 December 2021 |title='A student is not a marksheet': Sonali Kulkarni |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2021/dec/30/a-student-is-nota-marksheet-2401068.html |website=The New Indian Express |accessdate=14 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2021 || ''[[The Whistleblower (web series)|The Whistleblower]]'' || Dr. Sanket Bhadoria <br /> | || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=26 October 2021 |title=Ritwik Bhowmik: Took time to find a role I'd fall in love with |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/ritwik-bhowmik-took-time-to-find-a-role-id-fall-in-love-with-23198168 |website=Mid-Day |accessdate=14 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=27 December 2021 |title=Ritwik Bhowmik feels his character Dr Sanket Bhadoria in 'The Whistleblower' was challenging |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/ritwik-bhowmik-feels-his-character-dr-sanket-bhadoria-whistleblower-was-challenging-975928 |website=PinkVilla |accessdate=14 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2022 || ''[[Modern Love Mumbai]]'' || Parth <br /> |Season 1; Episode 5|| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=6 May 2022 |title=Modern Love Mumbai: Masaba, Ritwik &amp; Dhruv Talk About Their Worst Dates |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/modern-love-mumbai-masaba-gupta-worst-date-ritwik-bhowmik-director-dhruv-sehgal-interview |website=The Quint |accessdate=14 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=13 May 2022 |title=Modern Love Mumbai review: Dhruv Sehgal, Hansal Mehta's beautiful stories are worth going through anything |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/modern-love-mumbai-review-dhruv-sehgal-hansal-mehta-s-beautiful-stories-are-worth-going-through-anything-101652418498354.html |website=Hindustan Times |accessdate=14 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=28 April 2022 |title=Modern Love Mumbai trailer: From millennial love to same-sex love, a show on different shades of love |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/modern-love-mumbai-trailer-prime-video-vishal-bhardwaj-pratik-gandhi-7891876/ |website=The Indian Express |accessdate=14 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2023<br /> | ''[[Jehanabad - Of Love &amp; War]]''<br /> | Abhimanyu Singh<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-02-03 |title=Sweet love story amid a bloody revolution makes for a thrilling watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/jehanabad-of-love-war-review-love-story-engulfed-in-a-revolution-is-thrilling-and-touching-at-the-same-time-101675389310001.html |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Sweet Kaaram Coffee]]''<br /> | Radhemohan &quot;Radhe&quot; Rathod Jr.<br /> | Cameo<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Music videos ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Singer <br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |2020<br /> |''Khidki'' || [[Papon (singer)|Papon]] <br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 October 2020 |title=Watch New Hindi Hit Song Music Video - 'Khidki' Sung By Papon |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-new-hindi-hit-song-music-video-khidki-sung-by-papon/videoshow/78802656.cms |access-date=26 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2021<br /> |''Qatra''<br /> |[[Stebin Ben]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=ABP News |date=2021-01-11 |title=Bandish Bandits Fame Ritwik Bhowmik Seen Romancing With Karishma Tanna In This New Song |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/bandish-bandits-fame-ritwik-bhowmik-seen-romancing-with-karishma-tanna-in-this-new-song-1435291 |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Awards and nominations==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Award<br /> !Category<br /> !Work<br /> !Result<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> |[[Indian Television Academy Awards|22nd Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br /> |Popular Actor - OTT<br /> |''[[The Whistleblower (web series)|The Whistleblower]]''<br /> |{{nom}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=The 22nd ITA Awards |url=https://ita2022.indiantelevisionacademy.com/ |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=Indian Television Academy |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|Ritwik Bhowmik}}<br /> * {{IMDb name|9076764}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bhowmik, Ritwik}}<br /> [[Category:1992 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male television actors]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big_Star_Entertainment_Awards&diff=435171 2023-10-16T20:05:14Z

<p>PinkMelon: /* External links */Clean up</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Award}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{pp|small=yes}} <br /> {{Infobox award<br /> | name = Big STAR Entertainment Awards<br /> | image = <br /> | awarded_for = India's leading 'People's Award'<br /> | presenter = ''Reliance Broadcast Network Limited''<br /> | country = India<br /> | year = 2010<br /> | year2 = 2015<br /> | website = http://927bigfm.com/bigfm/<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Big STAR Entertainment Awards''' was an annual award show presented by [[Reliance Broadcast Network]] Limited in association with [[STAR India]] to honour personalities from the field of entertainment across movies, music, television, sports, theatre and dance. The award is touted to be a completely viewer driven award where in audience participation right from nominations to the final winners through SMS and online voting across the categories is used for deciding the winners. The award was announced on 12 December 2010 and the first ever nominations for 2010 Awards were published online through various entertainment websites on 15 December. The last award ceremony happened in 2015.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The awards were conceptualised by Reliance Broadcast Network Limited's marketing arm, Big Live.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Star India &amp; Reliance Broadcast Network launch Big Star Entertainment Awards |work=Business of Cinema |date=16 December 2010 |url=http://www.businessofcinema.com/news.php?newsid=17466 |access-date=2010-12-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324233310/http://www.businessofcinema.com/news.php?newsid=17466 |archive-date=2012-03-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The first ever Big Star Entertainment Awards was held on 21 December 2010 at Bhavan's Grounds in Mumbai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title = Star India &amp; Reliance Broadcast Network launch Big Star Entertainment Awards|date =20 December 2010| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-20/news-interviews/28218818_1_choice-awards-big-star-entertainment-awards-vijender-singh| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105215935/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-20/news-interviews/28218818_1_choice-awards-big-star-entertainment-awards-vijender-singh| url-status=dead| archive-date=5 November 2012|work = [[The Times of India]]| access-date =2010-12-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Awards were given immense promotion through various media outlets like Reliance Broadcast Network's verticals like 92.7 BIG FM, Big Street, Big Live and Big Digital.{{fact|date=October 2018}}<br /> <br /> The awards were launched in a public ceremony with [[Arshad Warsi|Arshad Warzi]] unveiling the statuette of Big Star Entertainment Awards.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhCIGPlm_z4 |title= Big Star Entertainment Awards Controversy &amp;#124; HQ}}&lt;/ref&gt; Reliance Broadcast Network CEO [[Tarun Katial]] said, &quot;We are very proud to announce the Big Star Entertainment Awards, an award with a high degree of consumer centricity and representing all Entertainment genres Indian’s love.&quot; He added the aim of the award was to celebrate entertainment the way audiences consume and enjoy it. Through this award, the audience are empowered to decide who their favourite entertainers are. He said &quot;Delivered through engaging ideas and multiple touch points, this is a truly integrated property that is bound to create unprecedented impact, in its first year itself.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=RBNL-STAR come together to present Big Star Entertainment Awards |work=Media Mughals |date=16 December 2010 |url=http://www.mediamughals.com/News/1/13/Article/6611/RBNL-STAR_come_together_to_present_Big_Star_Entertainment_Awards.htm |access-date=2010-12-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714065119/http://www.mediamughals.com/News/1/13/Article/6611/RBNL-STAR_come_together_to_present_Big_Star_Entertainment_Awards.htm |archive-date=2011-07-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Star India COO Sanjay Gupta said, &quot;The Big Star Entertainment Awards will witness the coming together of Star India and Reliance Broadcast Network, two of India’s biggest media companies, with complementary capabilities. Star India is the leading television network in the country reaching more than 400 million viewers weekly; and together we are all set to create superlative entertainment reaching out to our viewers across all platforms.&quot; He added, &quot;Today, almost 50 per cent of TV viewing happens in the entertainment space and December 31 night is a time when television viewing actually increases manifold because people are willing to sit together and watch TV. Therefore, we are sure that the property will pull in good eyeballs.&quot; [[Price Waterhouse Coopers]] were the auditors for the first award ceremony held in 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| title = RBNL-STAR come together to present Big Star Entertainment Awards|work=India Television| date =15 December 2010| url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k10/dec/dec135.php| access-date =2010-12-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> There were 21 categories in the 2010 Big Star Entertainment Awards. These included 8 categories for the mainstream Hindi films, 4 for the Hindi television programmes and a set of 9 awards which honored the best shows and personalities of the 2000–2010 Decade. <br /> <br /> ===Film Awards===<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Film Actor – Male<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Film Actor – Female<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Director<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Film<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Song<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Music<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Singer (Male)<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Singer (Female)<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Actor in a Romantic Role – Male<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Actor in a Romantic Role – Female<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Actor in a Social Role – Male<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Actor in a Social Role – Female<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Actor in an Action Role<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Actor in a Comic Role<br /> <br /> ===Television Awards===<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Television Fiction Show<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Television Reality Show<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Television Actor - Male<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Television Actor - Female<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Television Dancer<br /> <br /> ===Sports Awards===<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Sports Person<br /> <br /> ===BIG Star Decade Honors===<br /> * BIG Star Film Actor (Male) of the Decade<br /> * BIG Star Film Actor (Female) of the Decade<br /> * BIG Star Director of the Decade<br /> * BIG Star Film of the Decade<br /> * BIG Star Music / Lyrics of the Decade<br /> * BIG Star Singer of the Decade<br /> * New Talent of the Decade (Male)<br /> * New Talent of the Decade (Female)<br /> * BIG Star TV Show of the Decade (Fiction)<br /> * BIG Star TV Show of the Decade (Non-Fiction)<br /> * BIG Star Personality of the Decade<br /> * BIG Star Complete Entertainer of The Decade<br /> * BIG Star Entertainer for 50 Years of Excellence in Film Industry<br /> <br /> == See also==<br /> <br /> * [[List of Asian television awards]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101221072244/http://starplus.startv.in/BSEA/nominationform.aspx Website Official Website at Starplus.in]<br /> * [http://www.hotstar.com/tv/big-star-entertainment-awards/6995 BIG Star Entertainment Awards] on [[Hotstar]]<br /> <br /> {{Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindi cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film awards]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television awards]]<br /> [[Category:2010 establishments in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:2016 disestablishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Awards established in 2010]]<br /> [[Category:Awards disestablished in 2015]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big_Star_Entertainment_Awards&diff=435170 2023-10-16T20:03:46Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|Award}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} {{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}} {{pp|small=yes}} {{Infobox award | name = Big STAR Entertainment Awards | image = | awarded_for = India&#039;s leading &#039;People&#039;s Award&#039; | presenter = &#039;&#039;Reliance Broadcast Network Limited&#039;&#039; | country = India | year = 2010 | year2 = 2015 | website = http://927bigfm.com/bigfm/ }} The &#039;&#039;&#039;Big STAR Entertainment Awards&#039;&#039;&#039; was an annual award show presented by Reliance Broad...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Award}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{pp|small=yes}} <br /> {{Infobox award<br /> | name = Big STAR Entertainment Awards<br /> | image = <br /> | awarded_for = India's leading 'People's Award'<br /> | presenter = ''Reliance Broadcast Network Limited''<br /> | country = India<br /> | year = 2010<br /> | year2 = 2015<br /> | website = http://927bigfm.com/bigfm/<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Big STAR Entertainment Awards''' was an annual award show presented by [[Reliance Broadcast Network]] Limited in association with [[STAR India]] to honour personalities from the field of entertainment across movies, music, television, sports, theatre and dance. The award is touted to be a completely viewer driven award where in audience participation right from nominations to the final winners through SMS and online voting across the categories is used for deciding the winners. The award was announced on 12 December 2010 and the first ever nominations for 2010 Awards were published online through various entertainment websites on 15 December. The last award ceremony happened in 2015.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The awards were conceptualised by Reliance Broadcast Network Limited's marketing arm, Big Live.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Star India &amp; Reliance Broadcast Network launch Big Star Entertainment Awards |work=Business of Cinema |date=16 December 2010 |url=http://www.businessofcinema.com/news.php?newsid=17466 |access-date=2010-12-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324233310/http://www.businessofcinema.com/news.php?newsid=17466 |archive-date=2012-03-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The first ever Big Star Entertainment Awards was held on 21 December 2010 at Bhavan's Grounds in Mumbai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title = Star India &amp; Reliance Broadcast Network launch Big Star Entertainment Awards|date =20 December 2010| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-20/news-interviews/28218818_1_choice-awards-big-star-entertainment-awards-vijender-singh| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105215935/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-20/news-interviews/28218818_1_choice-awards-big-star-entertainment-awards-vijender-singh| url-status=dead| archive-date=5 November 2012|work = [[The Times of India]]| access-date =2010-12-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Awards were given immense promotion through various media outlets like Reliance Broadcast Network's verticals like 92.7 BIG FM, Big Street, Big Live and Big Digital.{{fact|date=October 2018}}<br /> <br /> The awards were launched in a public ceremony with [[Arshad Warsi|Arshad Warzi]] unveiling the statuette of Big Star Entertainment Awards.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhCIGPlm_z4 |title= Big Star Entertainment Awards Controversy &amp;#124; HQ}}&lt;/ref&gt; Reliance Broadcast Network CEO [[Tarun Katial]] said, &quot;We are very proud to announce the Big Star Entertainment Awards, an award with a high degree of consumer centricity and representing all Entertainment genres Indian’s love.&quot; He added the aim of the award was to celebrate entertainment the way audiences consume and enjoy it. Through this award, the audience are empowered to decide who their favourite entertainers are. He said &quot;Delivered through engaging ideas and multiple touch points, this is a truly integrated property that is bound to create unprecedented impact, in its first year itself.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=RBNL-STAR come together to present Big Star Entertainment Awards |work=Media Mughals |date=16 December 2010 |url=http://www.mediamughals.com/News/1/13/Article/6611/RBNL-STAR_come_together_to_present_Big_Star_Entertainment_Awards.htm |access-date=2010-12-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714065119/http://www.mediamughals.com/News/1/13/Article/6611/RBNL-STAR_come_together_to_present_Big_Star_Entertainment_Awards.htm |archive-date=2011-07-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Star India COO Sanjay Gupta said, &quot;The Big Star Entertainment Awards will witness the coming together of Star India and Reliance Broadcast Network, two of India’s biggest media companies, with complementary capabilities. Star India is the leading television network in the country reaching more than 400 million viewers weekly; and together we are all set to create superlative entertainment reaching out to our viewers across all platforms.&quot; He added, &quot;Today, almost 50 per cent of TV viewing happens in the entertainment space and December 31 night is a time when television viewing actually increases manifold because people are willing to sit together and watch TV. Therefore, we are sure that the property will pull in good eyeballs.&quot; [[Price Waterhouse Coopers]] were the auditors for the first award ceremony held in 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| title = RBNL-STAR come together to present Big Star Entertainment Awards|work=India Television| date =15 December 2010| url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k10/dec/dec135.php| access-date =2010-12-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> There were 21 categories in the 2010 Big Star Entertainment Awards. These included 8 categories for the mainstream Hindi films, 4 for the Hindi television programmes and a set of 9 awards which honored the best shows and personalities of the 2000–2010 Decade. <br /> <br /> ===Film Awards===<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Film Actor – Male<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Film Actor – Female<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Director<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Film<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Song<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Music<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Singer (Male)<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Singer (Female)<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Actor in a Romantic Role – Male<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Actor in a Romantic Role – Female<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Actor in a Social Role – Male<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Actor in a Social Role – Female<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Actor in an Action Role<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Actor in a Comic Role<br /> <br /> ===Television Awards===<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Television Fiction Show<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Television Reality Show<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Television Actor - Male<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Television Actor - Female<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Television Dancer<br /> <br /> ===Sports Awards===<br /> * BIG Star Most Entertaining Sports Person<br /> <br /> ===BIG Star Decade Honors===<br /> * BIG Star Film Actor (Male) of the Decade<br /> * BIG Star Film Actor (Female) of the Decade<br /> * BIG Star Director of the Decade<br /> * BIG Star Film of the Decade<br /> * BIG Star Music / Lyrics of the Decade<br /> * BIG Star Singer of the Decade<br /> * New Talent of the Decade (Male)<br /> * New Talent of the Decade (Female)<br /> * BIG Star TV Show of the Decade (Fiction)<br /> * BIG Star TV Show of the Decade (Non-Fiction)<br /> * BIG Star Personality of the Decade<br /> * BIG Star Complete Entertainer of The Decade<br /> * BIG Star Entertainer for 50 Years of Excellence in Film Industry<br /> <br /> == See also==<br /> <br /> * [[List of Asian television awards]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101221072244/http://starplus.startv.in/BSEA/nominationform.aspx Website Official Website at Starplus.in]<br /> * [http://www.hotstar.com/tv/big-star-entertainment-awards/6995 BIG Star Entertainment Awards] on [[Hotstar]]<br /> <br /> {{Television Awards in India}}<br /> {{Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindi cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film awards]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television awards]]<br /> [[Category:2010 establishments in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:2016 disestablishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Awards established in 2010]]<br /> [[Category:Awards disestablished in 2015]]<br /> ''Italic text''</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palak_Purswani&diff=435169 2023-10-16T19:37:09Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|Indian actress and model}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} {{Infobox person | name = Palak Purswani | image = | caption = Palak in 2023 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|08|12|df=y}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Palak Purswani Profile|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/celeb/palak-purswani/|website=bollywoodlife.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; | birth_place = Nagpur, Maharashtra, Indi...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actress and model}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Palak Purswani<br /> | image =<br /> | caption = Palak in 2023<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|08|12|df=y}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Palak Purswani Profile|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/celeb/palak-purswani/|website=[[BollywoodLife.com|bollywoodlife.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | birth_place = [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]<br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | occupation = Actress<br /> | nationality = Indian<br /> | parents = <br /> | yearsactive = 2014–present<br /> | known for = <br /> * [[Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi season 2)|Bigg Boss OTT 2]] <br /> * [[MTV Splitsvilla]] Season 7<br /> * [[Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke]]<br /> * [[Roohaniyat]] <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Palak Purswani''' (born 12 August 1993) &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Bigg Boss OTT 2: Know everything about 'Splitsvilla 7' fame Palak Purswani, Biography, Relationships, and more|url=https://www.jagrantv.com/en-show/bigg-boss-ott-2-updates-who-is-avinash-sachdev-ex-girlfriend-palak-purswani-know-her-biography-relationships-net-worth-and-more-rc1043343|date=23 June 2023|work=[[Jagran Prakashan|Jagran TV]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; is an Indian actress and model who primarily works in Hindi television. She started her career with MTV's reality show [[MTV Splitsvilla]] Season 7 and has been active in the television industry since 2014. She had worked in television serials like [[Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke]], [[Meri Hanikarak Biwi]], [[Ek Aastha Aisi Bhee]], [[Badii Devrani]], and [[Bade Bhaiyya Ki Dulhania]]. She has also been featured in the web series on MX Player named '[[Roohaniyat]]'. She is seen in the second season of [[Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi season 2)|Bigg Boss OTT]] which is hosted by [[Salman Khan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Exclusive! Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke actress Palak Purswani in Bigg Boss OTT |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-yeh-rishtey-hain-pyaar-ke-actress-palak-purswani-in-bigg-boss-ott/articleshow/100723826.cms |date=3 June 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bigg Boss OTT 2 tentative list of contestants: Falaq Naaz, Avinash Sachdev, Palak Purswani and more |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/bigg-boss-ott-2-list-contestants-falaq-naaz-avinash-sachdev-101686553028911.html |date=12 June 2023 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Palak Purswani was born in Nagpur, Maharashtra. She did her schooling at Centre Point School, Nagpur. After completing her schooling, Palak pursued her graduation in Fashion Designing from the International Institute of Fashion Design.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.abplive.com/web-stories/roohaniyat-fame-anita-malkhani-aka-palak-purswani-educcation-details-know-here-2326694 |title=रूहानियत की अनु हैं इतनी पढ़ी-लिखी |work=[[ABP News|abplive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> In 2019, Palak started dating [[Avinash Sachdev]] and later got engaged to him but they broke up after some time.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=8 June 2023 |title=Avinash Sachdev opens up on rumours of him participating in Bigg Boss OTT along with his ex Palak Purswani |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/avinash-sachdev-opens-up-on-rumours-of-him-participating-in-bigg-boss-ott-along-with-his-ex-palak-purswani/articleshow/100852729.cms |access-date=27 June 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Latest Web Series{{!}} Best Web Series in India 2022 {{!}} Web Series Hindi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Palak Purswani started her career in 2014 with [[MTV Splitsvilla]] season 7 and the TV serial [[Badii Devrani]] (2015). Next, she appeared in [[Bade Bhaiyya Ki Dulhania]] (2016). In 2017 she did<br /> two shows [[Ek Aastha Aisi Bhee]] and [[Meri Hanikarak Biwi]]. She featured as 'Shweta' in [[StarPlus|Star Plus]]’ TV serial [[Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke]] in 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title='Splitsvilla 7' contestant Palak Purswani to enter as Kunal's ex-girlfriend in 'Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke'! |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/yeh-rishtey-hain-pyaar-ke-splitsvilla-7-fame-palak-purswani-to-enter-as-new-villain-in-shaheer-sheikh-rhea-sharmas-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-spin-off-1014086 |date=17 June 2019 |work=[[ABP News|abplive.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2019, she participated in the dance reality show [[Nach Baliye|Nach Baliye 9]] as a wild card contestant. Palak performed in [[Durga – Mata Ki Chhaya|Durga - Mata Ki Chhaya]] in 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Avinash, Palak's good old days |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/visualstories/entertainment/avinash-palaks-good-old-days-43905-21-06-2023 |date=21 June 2023 |work=[[India Today (TV channel)|India Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Palak made her web-series debut with [[ALTBalaji|ALT Balaji]]'s [[Dil Hi Toh Hai]] Season 2 in 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sanaya Pithawalla, Palak Purswani, And Paras Kalnawat Roped In For Alt Balaji's Dil Hi Toh Hai 2 |url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/digital/sanaya-pithawalla,-palak-purswani,-and-paras-kalnawat-roped-in-for-alt-balaji-dil-hi-toh-hai-season-2-30752 |website=mumbailive.com |date=28 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=TV actor Avinash Sachdev finds love in Palak Purswani |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/avinash-sachdev-palak-purswani-dating-couple-relationship-photos-5562583/ |date=31 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was also featured on [[Voot]]'s ''The Raikar Case'' in 2020 and her latest appearance was in MX-Player’s ''[[Roohaniyat]]'' for both seasons.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Roohaniyat Actress Palak Purswani Says TV Shows Have Become Monotonous: Every Other Story Is Mythology or Love Triangle |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/roohaniyat-actress-palak-purswani-says-tv-shows-have-become-monotonous-every-other-story-is-mythology-or-love-triangle-exclusive-4950776.html |date=11 April 2022 |work=[[news18.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2023, Palak entered [[Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi season 2)|Bigg Boss OTT Season 2]] House as a contestant.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bigg Boss OTT 2: Palak Purswani expects apology from ex-boyfriend Avinash Sachdev, says 'meri family ko...' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-bigg-boss-ott-2-palak-purswani-expects-apology-from-ex-boyfriend-avinash-sachdev-3048112 |date=18 June 2023 |work=[[DNA India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/170623/bigg-boss-ott-2-official-list-of-contestants.html |title=Bigg Boss OTT 2 Contestants' Profiles |date=17 June 2023 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Palak was evicted from the show on 25 June, being a second contestant to be eliminated from the BB house.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bigg Boss OTT 2 Weekend Ka Vaar: Salman Khan announces Palak Purswani's eviction |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-ott-weekend-ka-vaar-salman-khan-announces-palak-purswanis-eviction-2397938-2023-06-26 |date=26 June 2023 |work=[[India Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> === Television ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> !Notes<br /> ! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |2014<br /> |[[MTV Splitsvilla (Season 7)|''MTV Spitsvilla (Season 7)'']]<br /> |Contestant<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=31 January 2019 |title=TV actor Avinash Sachdev finds love in Palak Purswani |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/avinash-sachdev-palak-purswani-dating-couple-relationship-photos-5562583/}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2015<br /> | ''[[Badii Devrani]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2016<br /> | ''[[Bade Bhaiyya Ki Dulhania]]''<br /> | Rhea Raizada<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017<br /> | ''[[Ek Aastha Aisi Bhee]]''<br /> | Radhika<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Meri Hanikarak Biwi]]''<br /> | Bhoomi Pandey<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2019<br /> | ''[[Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke]]''<br /> | Shweta<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/yeh-rishtey-hain-pyaar-ke-splitsvilla-7-fame-palak-purswani-to-enter-as-new-villain-in-shaheer-sheikh-rhea-sharmas-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-spin-off-1014086 |title='Splitsvilla 7' contestant Palak Purswani to enter as Kunal's ex-girlfriend in 'Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke'! |date=17 June 2019 |work=[[ABP News|abplive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Nach Baliye|''Nach Baliye (Season 9)'']]<br /> |Contestant<br /> |9th place<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=21 June 2023 |title=Avinash, Palak's good old days |work=[[India Today (TV channel)|India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/visualstories/entertainment/avinash-palaks-good-old-days-43905-21-06-2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2020<br /> | ''[[Durga – Mata Ki Chhaya]]''<br /> | Geetu<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Palak Purswani says she was severely depressed after Avinash Sachdev cheated on her: 'I broke down' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/palak-purswani-severely-depressed-after-avinash-sachdev-cheated-on-her-101688034178637.html |date=29 June 2023 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |''[[Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi season 2)|Bigg Boss OTT (Season 2)]]''<br /> |Contestant<br /> |14th place<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=26 June 2023 |title=Bigg Boss OTT 2: Palak Purswani gets eliminated; fans claim it as unfair |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/bigg-boss-ott-2-palak-purswani-gets-eliminated-fans-claim-unfair/ |website=www.[[Bollywood Hungama|bollywoodhungama]].com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Web series===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title <br /> !Role<br /> ! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 2019<br /> | ''[[Dil Hi Toh Hai|Dil Hi to Hai 2]]''<br /> |Pragati Dixit<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/digital/sanaya-pithawalla,-palak-purswani,-and-paras-kalnawat-roped-in-for-alt-balaji-dil-hi-toh-hai-season-2-30752 |title=Sanaya Pithawalla, Palak Purswani, And Paras Kalnawat Roped In For Alt Balaji's Dil Hi Toh Hai 2 |date=20 November 2018 |website=mumbailive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> | 2020<br /> | ''[[The Raikar Case]]''<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/the-raikar-case-43180/cast-crew |title=THE RAIKAR CASE |website=cinestaan.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2022<br /> | ''[[Roohaniyat]]'' <br /> |Anita &quot;Anu&quot; Malkani<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Roohaniyat Actress Palak Purswani Says TV Shows Have Become Monotonous: Every Other Story Is Mythology or Love Triangle |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/roohaniyat-actress-palak-purswani-says-tv-shows-have-become-monotonous-every-other-story-is-mythology-or-love-triangle-exclusive-4950776.html |date=11 April 2022 |work=[[news18.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Arjun Bijlani - Kanika Mann's 'Roohaniyat Chapter 2' Is A Pill For Love And Romance |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/arjun-bijlani-kanika-mann-s-roohaniyat-chapter-2-is-a-pill-for-love-and-romance-news-209205 |date=14 July 2022 |work=[[outlookindia]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Arjun-Kanika's 'Roohaniyat Chapter 2' Is A Pill For Love &amp; Romance |url=https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/arjun-kanikas-roohaniyat-chapter-2-is-a-pill-for-love--romance/81839019.html |date=14 July 2022 |website=[[Ahmedabad Mirror]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[List of Indian television actresses]]<br /> *[[List of Hindi television actresses]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb name|nm8374591}}<br /> * {{Instagram|palak.purswani}}<br /> <br /> {{Portal bar|Biography|India|Television}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Purswani, Palak}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) contestants]]<br /> [[Category:1993 births]]</div>

PinkMelon https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colgate_(toothpaste)&diff=434146 2023-10-09T19:40:16Z

<p>PinkMelon: Created page with &quot;{{Short description|Dental hygiene product}} {{Use mdy dates|date=Octobe 2023}} {{Infobox brand | name = Colgate | logo = Colgate logo red.svg | producttype = Oral hygiene | currentowner = Colgate-Palmolive Company | introduced = {{Start date and age|1873}} | country = United States | origin = United States | tagline = | website = {{url|https://www.colgate.com/}} }} File:Colgate Dental Cream ca 1950s.jpg|t...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Dental hygiene product}}<br /> {{Use mdy dates|date=Octobe 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox brand<br /> | name = Colgate<br /> | logo = Colgate logo red.svg<br /> | producttype = Oral hygiene<br /> | currentowner = [[Colgate-Palmolive Company]]<br /> | introduced = {{Start date and age|1873}} <br /> | country = United States<br /> | origin = United States<br /> | tagline = <br /> | website = {{url|https://www.colgate.com/}}<br /> }}<br /> [[File:Colgate Dental Cream ca 1950s.jpg|thumb|Colgate Dental Cream (toothpaste) with [[Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate|Gardol]] {{circa|1950s}}]]<br /> <br /> '''Colgate''' is an American brand principally used for [[oral hygiene]] products such as [[toothpaste]]s, [[toothbrush]]es, [[mouthwash]]es and [[dental floss]]. Manufactured by [[Colgate-Palmolive]], Colgate's oral hygiene products were first sold by the company in 1873, sixteen years after the death of the founder, [[William Colgate]]. The company originally sold soap.<br /> <br /> Colgate toothpaste was sold in glass jars since 1873. Tubes, as pioneered by [[Kalodont]], [[Johnson &amp; Johnson]] (Zonweiss) and [[Sheffield Pharmaceuticals|Sheffield]], were introduced in 1896.<br /> <br /> Colgate became popular in the 1950s, with the slogan &quot;It Cleans Your Breath While It Cleans Your Teeth&quot;, written by copywriter Alicia Tobin.<br /> <br /> In 2007, the Advertising Standards Authority in the UK told Colgate that it could no longer make the claim that four out of five dentists recommended Colgate. The investigation showed that the study had telephone surveyed dentists to list the toothpaste they recommended, and their competitors were recommended at similar rates. The claim was deemed deceptive.<br /> <br /> As of 2015, oral care products (principally produced under the Colgate brand) were the Colgate-Palmolive company's largest source of income, making up around US$7.5 billion, or 47% of net sales globally (with personal care products such as shampoos making up 20%, home care products such as laundry detergents 19% and pet nutrition making up the remaining 14%). It also commanded approximately 70% of the oral care market in Brazil.<br /> <br /> In 2018, Colgate licensed [[Kolibree]] technology from Paris-based [[Baracoda Daily Healthtech]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=January 6, 2019|title=Company Profile for Baracoda|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190106005127/en/Company-Profile-for-Baracoda|access-date=September 23, 2021|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; launching the Colgate Smart Electric toothbrush.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Morrissey|first=Janet|date=October 11, 2019|title=Does Your Toothbrush Have an App Yet?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/11/technology/dental-schools-technology.html|access-date=September 23, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; They currently offer connected toothbrushes for children and adults under the [[Hum (brand)|Hum]] brand umbrella.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=hum - smart connected toothbrushes from Colgate|url=https://hum.colgate.com/|access-date=September 23, 2021|website=hum.colgate.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2020, Colgate registered the label for toothpaste containing [[hemp seed oil]] with the U.S. government.<br /> <br /> In February 2020, Colgate's parent company announced an agreement to purchase Hello Products, a New Jersey company that had earlier in the month introduced toothpaste, mouthwashes, and lip balms containing [[cannabidiol]] (CBD).<br /> <br /> As of June 2022, Colgate Tooth Powder was still being manufactured and marketed and could still be purchased.{{cn|date=June 2023}}<br /> <br /> ==Facts==<br /> According to a 2015 report by [[market research]] company [[Kantar Worldpanel]], Colgate was the only brand in the world purchased by more than half of all households.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.kantarworldpanel.com/global/News/Colgate-bought-by-over-half-of-the-worlds-households|title=Colgate bought by over half of the world households - Global site - Kantar Worldpanel|website=www.kantarworldpanel.com|access-date=January 12, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Colgate had a global [[market penetration]] of 67.7% and a global [[market share]] of 45%.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.colgate.com/us/en/annual-reports/2015/common/pdf/Colgate-Palmolive_2015-Annual-Report.pdf|title=Colgate-Palmolive Company 2015 Annual Report|publisher=The Colgate-Palmolive Company|access-date=January 12, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite this, it maintained the highest growth rate of all brands in the survey, with 40 million new households purchasing Colgate-branded products in 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.brandfootprint-ranking.com/#/brands-in-action/global-brands/colgate|title=Brand Footprint|website=www.brandfootprint-ranking.com|access-date=January 12, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|Companies|Medicine}}<br /> *[[List of toothpaste brands]]<br /> *[[Index of oral health and dental articles]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category|Colgate toothpaste}}<br /> *{{Official}}<br /> <br /> {{Colgate-Palmolive}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Colgate (Toothpaste)}}<br /> [[Category:1873 introductions]]<br /> [[Category:American brands]]<br /> [[Category:Brands of toothpaste]]<br /> [[Category:Colgate-Palmolive brands]]</div>

PinkMelon