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2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

2026-05-03T06:46:20Z

Piniteinfra: Started entry.

{{Short description|none}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2012}}
{{Infobox tropical cyclone season
| Basin = NIO
| Year = 2008
| Track = 2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season summary map.png
| First storm formed = April 27, 2008
| Last storm dissipated = December 8, 2008
| Strongest storm name = [[Cyclone Nargis|Nargis]]
| Strongest storm pressure = 962
| Strongest storm winds = 90
| Average wind speed = 3
| Total disturbances = 10
| Total depressions = 7
| Total storms = 4
| Total hurricanes = 1
| Total intense = 1
| Total extreme = 1
| Total super = 0
| Fatalities = 138,927 total (Fifth-deadliest [[tropical cyclone]] season on record overall)
| Damages = 15400
| Damagespost = Third-costliest North Indian Ocean cyclone season on record
| Damagespre = ~
| Season timeline = Timeline of the 2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
| five seasons = [[2006 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|2006]], [[2007 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|2007]], '''2008''', [[2009 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|2009]], [[2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|2010]]
| Atlantic season = 2008 Atlantic hurricane season
| East Pacific season = 2008 Pacific hurricane season
| West Pacific season = 2008 Pacific typhoon season
}}

The '''2008 North Indian cyclone season''' was one of the most destructive [[North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone season|tropical cyclone seasons]] in modern history, causing more than 140,000 fatalities and over US$15 billion in damage. At the time, it was the costliest season in the [[North Indian Ocean]], until it was surpassed by [[2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|2020]]. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds but cyclones tend to form between April and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern [[Indian Ocean]]. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean—the [[Bay of Bengal]], which is east of India, and the [[Arabian Sea]], which is west of India. The official [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre]] in this basin is the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD), however the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] releases unofficial advisories for military interests. An average of four to six storms form in the North Indian Ocean every season.<ref name="IMD">{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm |title=IMD Cyclone Warning Services: Tropical Cyclones |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |access-date=May 19, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081104064430/http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm |archive-date=November 4, 2008 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref> Cyclones occurring between the meridians [[45th meridian east|45°E]] and [[100th meridian east|100°E]] are included in the season by the IMD.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=January 2009 |access-date=May 19, 2013 |title=Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over the North Indian During 2008 |url=http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529004113/http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm |archive-date=May 29, 2009 }}</ref>

During 2008, the IMD monitored a total of ten depressions across the North Indian Ocean, significantly below the average of fifteen. Of these systems, seven developed into deep depressions, four into cyclonic storms, and one into a very severe cyclonic storm.<ref name="SeasonIMD"/> The JTWC unofficially tracked seven systems, with six having one-minute sustained winds greater than {{convert|65|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}, slightly above their 32-year average of five.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|year=2009|access-date=May 19, 2013|title=Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: North Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/2008atcr.pdf|pages=46–48|archive-date=February 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221071442/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/2008atcr.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Activity was mainly confined to the Bay of Bengal, with only two depressions developing in the Arabian Sea. Collectively, there were a total of 30 days of activity in the basin, with no storms existing simultaneously.<ref name="SeasonIMD">{{cite web|publisher=India Meteorological Department |year=2009 |access-date=May 19, 2013 |title=Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2008: Cyclonic Activities Over the North Indian Ocean During 2008 |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/RSMC%202008.pdf |pages=16–23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412041050/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/RSMC%202008.pdf |archive-date=April 12, 2013 }}</ref>

The first and most destructive storm of the season, [[Cyclone Nargis]] struck the [[Irrawaddy Delta]] in southern [[Myanmar]], with a {{convert|3|to|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[storm surge]]. Approximately 800,000 homes were severely damaged or destroyed and infrastructure was devastated. An estimated 138,373 people lost their lives and damage reached [[Burmese kyat|K]]13 trillion (US$15.6 billion). Nargis is regarded as the worst disaster in the nation's history as well as the fourth-deadliest tropical cyclone on record. Other storms throughout the season caused significant damage in [[Bangladesh]], India, [[Sri Lanka]], and [[Yemen]]. A [[Deep Depression ARB 02 (2008)|depression]] in October was responsible for 180 deaths and US$1.638 billion in damage across Yemen. Overall, approximately 138,927 people were killed and losses totaled $15.4 billion (2008 USD).
__TOC__
{{clear}}

== Season summary ==
<div style="text-align: center;">
<timeline>
ImageSize = width:800 height:200
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:50 left:20
Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270
AlignBars = early
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/04/2008 till:01/01/2009
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/04/2008
Colors =
id:canvas value:gray(0.88)
id:GP value:red
id:TD value:rgb(0,0.52,0.84) legend:Depression_(31–50_km/h)
id:DD value:rgb(0.43,0.76,0.92) legend:Deep_Depression_(51–62_km/h)
id:TS value:rgb(0.3,1,1) legend:Cyclonic_Storm_(63–88_km/h)
id:ST value:rgb(0.75,1,0.75) legend:Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(89–117_km/h)
id:VS value:rgb(1,0.85,0.55) legend:Very_Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(118–165_km/h)
id:ES value:rgb(1,0.45,0.54) legend:Extremely_Severe_Cyclonic_Storm_(166–220_km/h)
id:SU value:rgb(0.55,0.46,0.9) legend:Super_Cyclonic_Storm_(≥221_km/h)
Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas
BarData =
barset:Hurricane
bar:Month
PlotData=
barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till
from:27/04/2008 till:03/05/2008 color:ES text:[[Cyclone Nargis|Nargis (ES)]]
from:05/06/2008 till:07/06/2008 color:TD text:ARB 01 (D)
from:16/06/2008 till:18/06/2008 color:TD text:BOB 02 (D)
from:09/08/2008 till:10/08/2008 color:TD text:BOB 03 (D)
from:15/09/2008 till:19/09/2008 color:DD text:BOB 04 (DD)
from:19/10/2008 till:23/10/2008 color:DD text:[[2008 Yemen cyclone|ARB 02 (DD)]]
from:25/10/2008 till:27/10/2008 color:TS text:[[Cyclone Rashmi|Rashmi (CS)]]
from:11/11/2008 till:16/11/2008 color:TS text:Khai-Muk (CS)
barset:break
from:25/11/2008 till:29/11/2008 color:TS text:[[Cyclone Nisha (2008)|Nisha (CS)]]
from:03/12/2008 till:07/12/2008 color:DD text:BOB 08 (DD)

bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas

from:01/04/2008 till:01/05/2008 text:April
from:01/05/2008 till:31/05/2008 text:May
from:01/06/2008 till:01/07/2008 text:June
from:01/07/2008 till:01/08/2008 text:July
from:01/08/2008 till:01/09/2008 text:August
from:01/09/2008 till:01/10/2008 text:September
from:01/10/2008 till:01/11/2008 text:October
from:01/11/2008 till:01/12/2008 text:November
from:01/12/2008 till:01/01/2009 text:December

</timeline>
</div>

== Systems ==
=== Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Nargis ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin = NIO
| Image = Nargis 2008-05-01 0440Z.jpg
| Track = Nargis 2008 track.png
| Formed = April 27
| Dissipated = May 3
| 3-min winds = 90
| 1-min winds = 115
| Pressure = 962
}}
{{Main|Cyclone Nargis}}
In late April, the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]] became very active over the Bay of Bengal and later spawned a low-pressure area on April 26. Being in an environment with low [[wind shear]], favorable [[Outflow (meteorology)|outflow]], and high [[sea surface temperature]]s, the system would consolidate into a depression the following day. Tracking slowly westward, the depression intensified, becoming Cyclonic Storm Nargis on April 28.{{efn|The name ''Nargis'' ([[Urdu language|Urdu]]: نرگس, [[Help:IPA/Urdu|[nəɾ.ɡɪs]]]) was contributed by [[Pakistan]] and means "[[Narcissus (plant)|narcissus]]" in [[Urdu language|Urdu]].}} That day, steering currents weakened, causing the system to become nearly stationary before a [[Trough (meteorology)|trough]] caused it to move northeasterly, and later easterly. Hours before striking southern [[Myanmar]] on May 2, Nargis would attain its peak intensity with winds of {{convert|165|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} and an estimated central pressure of 962 mbar (hPa; {{convert|962|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4|disp=out}}).<ref name="NargisIMD"/> The JTWC estimated the system to be stronger, attaining one-minute sustained winds of {{convert|215|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref name="NargisJTWC">{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|year=2009|access-date=May 19, 2013|title=Cyclone 01B (Nargis) Best Track|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2008/2008s-bio/bio012008.txt|archive-date=October 9, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009220902/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2008/2008s-bio/bio012008.txt|url-status=dead}}</ref> Once inland, the system gradually weakened and dissipated early on May 4.<ref name="NargisIMD">{{cite web|publisher=India Meteorological Department |year=2009 |access-date=May 19, 2013 |title=Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2008: Very Severe Cyclonic Storm "NARGIS" over Bay of Bengal during 27 April to 3 May 2008 |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/RSMC%202008.pdf |pages=24–33 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412041050/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/RSMC%202008.pdf |archive-date=April 12, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="NargisJTWC"/>

Striking the [[Irrawaddy Delta]] with unprecedented intensity, Nargis produced a devastating {{convert|3|to|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[storm surge]] over the region and a maximum wind speed of 190 km/h was also reported. Approximately {{convert|23,500|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} of land was inundated by the storm, affecting roughly 11 million people, 2.4 million severely.<ref name="NargisIMD"/><ref name="MettaRpt">{{cite web|publisher=Metta Development Foundation|year=2011|access-date=May 19, 2013|title=Rehabilitation, Reconstruction & Development: A Post Cyclone Nargis Initiative|url=http://www.metta-myanmar.org/publications/Nargis%20RRD%20Final%20Report.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125203820/http://www.metta-myanmar.org/publications/Nargis%20RRD%20Final%20Report.pdf|archive-date=January 25, 2013|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Infrastructural impacts were tremendous, with 450,000 homes, 4,000 schools, and 75 percent of healthcare facilities destroyed and 350,000 homes severely damaged.<ref name="MettaRpt"/> With approximately 140,000 fatalities taking place in Myanmar, Nargis is regarded as the worst disaster in the country's history and ranks as the fourth-deadliest tropical cyclone on record.<ref name="MettaRpt"/><ref>{{cite web|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=April 6, 2008|access-date=May 19, 2013|title=The Worst Natural Disasters by Death Toll|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/noaa_documents/NOAA_related_docs/death_toll_natural_disasters.pdf}}</ref> Damage from the storm amounted to [[Burmese kyat|K]]13 trillion (US$15.3 billion), the majority of which occurred within the private sector.<ref name="NargisWMO">{{cite web|work=Shelter Cluster|date=February 20, 2015|access-date=May 19, 2016|title=Pathein Cyclone Scenario Planning Summary|url=https://www.sheltercluster.org/sites/default/files/docs/annex_3a_-_ayeyarwaddy_cyclone_scenario_planning.pdf}}</ref>

In the immediate aftermath of the cyclone, numerous members of the international community were prepared to provide Myanmar with aid. For several weeks, the [[State Peace and Development Council]] (Myanmar's [[military junta]]) insisted that the nation could cope with the disaster and refused aid. This was soon determined to be ignorance of the situation and put millions of lives at risk. Some reports indicated that the army even obstructed private relief, setting up check-points, confiscating goods, and arresting those trying to help. In 2009, it was stated that the actions of the government could be condemned as [[crimes against humanity]] for "intentionally causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health."<ref>{{cite news|author=Ian MacKinnon|newspaper=The Guardian|date=February 27, 2009|access-date=May 19, 2013|title=Burmese regime blocked international aid to cyclone victims, report says|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/feb/27/regime-blocked-aid-to-burma-cyclone-victims}}</ref>

=== Depression ARB 01 ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin = NIO
| Image = ARB 01 2008-06-05 0650Z.jpg
| Track = ARB One 2008 track.png
| Formed = June 5
| Dissipated = June 7
| 3-min winds = 25
| Pressure = 994
}}
In early July, the seasonal monsoon over the Arabian Sea strengthened; a trough developing around the same time off the coast of [[Karnataka]] increased the local pressure gradient. The interaction of these two systems led to the formation of a low over the southern Arabian Sea on June 4. Situated in a region of low to moderate wind shear, upper-level [[divergence]], and [[Convergence zone|convergence]], the low consolidated into a depression the following day while situated roughly {{convert|880|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of [[Mumbai]], India. Little intensification occurred over the following day as it moved north-northwestward; the depression attained peak winds of {{convert|45|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} and a pressure of 994 mbar (hPa; {{convert|994|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4|disp=out}}). Late on June 6 and into the early hours of June 7, interaction with land caused significant weakening, with the system degrading to a remnant low that morning. The remnants of the depression continued westward and brought locally heavy rains to parts of [[Oman]].<ref name="ARB01">{{cite web|publisher=India Meteorological Department |year=2009 |access-date=May 19, 2013 |title=Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2008: Depression over the Arabian Sea (5-7 June 2008) |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/RSMC%202008.pdf |pages=34–36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412041050/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/RSMC%202008.pdf |archive-date=April 12, 2013 }}</ref>
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=== Depression BOB 02 ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin = NIO
| Image = Depression BOB 02 Jun 16 2008 TERRA MODIS.jpg
| Track = BOB Two 2008 track.png
| Formed = June 16
| Dissipated = June 18
| 3-min winds = 25
| Pressure = 988
}}
Early on June 15, an area of low pressure formed within the monsoonal trough over the northern part of the [[Bay of Bengal]].<ref name="SS">{{cite web|title=Report on Cyclonic Disturbances over North Indian Ocean during 2008 |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/RSMC%202008.pdf |access-date=November 3, 2012 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |author=Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5om6UeSJs?url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc11.pdf |archive-date=April 6, 2010 |date=January 2009 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref> Over the next 24 hours deep convection developed around the low-pressure area and thus it was upgraded to Depression BOB 02 early the next day, as it was located about {{convert|220|km|mi|abbr=on}}, southeast of [[Kolkata]], near to the [[Bangladesh]] coastline.<ref name="SS"/><ref name="AD1">{{cite web|title=C-Wind Advisory 16-06-2008 |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |date=June 16, 2008 |access-date=February 27, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207004923/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> However it as the depression was located within an area of moderate to high vertical wind shear, it did not develop further.<ref name="SS"/> Later that morning before the depression made landfall it reached its peak intensity with a central pressure of 988 [[hPa]]/[[mbar]]. The depression then made landfall on the Bangladesh coast and slowly weakened into an area of low pressure, whilst located over [[Jharkhand]] in India.<ref name="SS"/><ref name="AD8">{{cite web|title=C-Wind Advisory 18-06-2008 |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |date=June 18, 2008 |access-date=February 27, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207004923/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref>

Torrential rains associated with the depression fell across much of Assam, Orissa, West Bengal, and Jharkhand. A maximum of {{convert|720|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain fell in [[Kalaikunda Air Force Station]] in West Bengal in 48 hours between 17 and 18 June of which 530 mm fell on 18 June.<ref name="imd.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/RSMC%202008.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-05-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412041050/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/RSMC%202008.pdf |archive-date=April 12, 2013 }}</ref> Additional rains spread into [[Himachal Pradesh|Himachal]], [[Uttarakhand]], and [[Arunachal Pradesh|Arunachal]] pradeshes.<ref name="BOB02">{{cite web|publisher=India Meteorological Department |year=2009 |access-date=May 19, 2013 |title=Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2008: Depression over the Bay of Bengal (16-18 June 2008) |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/RSMC%202008.pdf |pages=37–40 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412041050/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/RSMC%202008.pdf |archive-date=April 12, 2013 }}</ref> In Assam, the [[Brahmaputra River]] overtopped its banks and flooded 350 villages, affecting roughly 400,000 people.<ref name="Sify1"/> At least 23 people lost their lives in the region.<ref name="BBC1"/> In nearby Arunachal, a series of landslides near [[Itanagar]] killed 19 people and injured 15 others.<ref name="Sify1">{{cite web|author=Indo-Asian News Service|website=Sify Technologies Ltd|date=June 18, 2008|access-date=May 19, 2013|title=Floodwaters receding in Assam, health alert sounded|location=Guwahati, India|url=http://www.sify.com/news/floodwaters-receding-in-assam-health-alert-sounded-news-national-jegrAFejfea.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224021556/http://www.sify.com/news/floodwaters-receding-in-assam-health-alert-sounded-news-national-jegrAFejfea.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 24, 2014}}</ref> Flooding around [[Midnapore]], West Bengal, killed at least nine people while 21,000 others were affected.<ref>{{cite news|author=Express News Service|newspaper=Express India|date=June 20, 2008|access-date=May 19, 2013|title=Heavy rains to continue today|location=Kolkata, India|url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/latest-news/Heavy-rains-to-continue-today/325245/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616123048/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/latest-news/Heavy-rains-to-continue-today/325245/|archive-date=June 16, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Across northeast India, approximately 8 million people were affected by the floods, of which 2 million were rendered homeless. At least 56 people lost their lives, 31 of which occurred West Bengal.<ref name="BBC1">{{cite web|author=Subir Bhaumik |publisher=British Broadcasting Company|date=June 20, 2008|access-date=May 19, 2013|title=India floods toll rises above 50|location=Calcutta, India|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7465488.stm}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Press Trust of India|newspaper=The Hindu|date=June 22, 2008|access-date=May 19, 2013|title=Flood situation improves in Bengal, Assam|location=Kolkata–Bhubaneswar, India|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200806221967.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081107073755/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200806221967.htm|archive-date=November 7, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
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=== Depression BOB 03 ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin = NIO
| Image = BOB 03 2008-08-09 0720Z.jpg
| Track = BOB Three 2008 track.png
| Formed = August 9
| Dissipated = August 10
| 3-min winds = 25
| Pressure = 1004
}}
On August 9, a tropical depression formed in the North Indian Ocean, south of [[Orissa, India]].<ref name="IMD Tropical Weather Outlook 09-08-08 12z">{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |publisher=IMD |title=IMD Tropical Weather Outlook 09-08-08 12z |access-date=August 11, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020164736/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |archive-date=October 20, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> Early the next day, the depression made landfall on the Orissa coast.<ref name="IMD Tropical Weather Outlook 10-08-08 06z">{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/New-Delhi/2008081007.DEMS|server=IMD|url-status=dead|title=IMD Tropical Weather Outlook 10-08-08 06z|access-date=August 11, 2008}}</ref> The IMD did not upgrade it until it was overland near Puri.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=August 9, 2008 |archive-date=June 7, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607215713/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Consequently, it was designated as a land depression in the end of monsoon season report.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/endseasonreport.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=October 19, 2008 |archive-date=December 3, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203102444/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/endseasonreport.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Later in the day, the IMD issued its final advisory on the depression as it weakened into a low-pressure area.<ref name="IMD CWIND advisory 10-08-08 12z">{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |publisher=IMD |title=IMD CWIND advisory 10-08-08 12z |access-date=August 11, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207004923/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> Madanpur Rampur in Orissa received 220 mm of rainfall on 9 August.<ref name="imd.gov.in"/>

Monsoonal rainfall associated with the depression triggered extensive flooding in Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web|author=Vinson Kurian|publisher=BusinessLine|date=August 10, 2008|access-date=May 19, 2013|title=Depression rains it heavy over Konkan, Andhra|location=Thiruvananthapuram, India|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/depression-rains-it-heavy-over-konkan-andhra/article1633905.ece}}</ref> Flash flooding occurred on many rivers throughout the state.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=BusinessLine|date=August 9, 2008|access-date=May 19, 2013|title=Rain wreaks havoc in AP, Met office warns of more|location=Hyderabad, India|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/rain-wreaks-havoc-in-ap-met-office-warns-of-more/article1633834.ece}}</ref> At least 61 people were killed across the state and 40,000 were displaced from their homes. At 3,000 homes were flooded.<ref>{{cite news|author=Press Trust of India|newspaper=The Hindu|date=August 12, 2008|access-date=May 19, 2013|title=Death toll in AP rains rises to 61|location=Hyderabad, India|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200808120343.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616141330/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200808120343.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 16, 2013}}</ref>
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=== Deep Depression BOB 04 ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin = NIO
| Formed = September 15
| Dissipated = September 19
| Image = Cyclone 02B 17 sept 2008 0725Z.jpg
| Track = Cyclone 02B 2008 track.png
| 3-min winds = 30
| 1-min winds = 45
| Pressure = 986
}}
On September 14 an area of low pressure formed southeast of Kolkata, India.<ref name="ABIO10 14-09-08 18z">{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2008091418-ABIO.PGTW|server=JTWC|url-status=dead|title=ABIO10 14-09-08 18z|access-date=September 16, 2008}}</ref> During September 15 the IMD designated this area of low pressure as Depression BOB 04.<ref name="IMD Special Tropical Weather Outlook 15-09-08 15z">{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/New-Delhi/2008091517.DEMS|server=IMD|url-status=dead|title=IMD Special Tropical Weather Outlook 15-09-08 15z|access-date=September 16, 2008}}</ref> Later that day the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the tropical depression.<ref name="JTWC TCFA 15-09-08 23z">{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2008091522-WTIO.PGTW|server=JTWC|url-status=dead|title=JTWC TCFA 15-09-08 23z|access-date=September 16, 2008}}</ref> During the morning of September 15 the depression intensified into a Deep Depression as it moved closer to the Orissa Coast near Chandbali on 16 September and maximum surface wind of {{convert|40|kn|km/h}} was reported by Chandbali at 1700 UTC of 16 September.<ref name="imd.gov.in"/><ref name="IMD Special Tropical Weather Outlook 16-09-08 06z">{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/New-Delhi/2008091607.DEMS|server=IMD|url-status=dead|title=IMD Special Tropical Weather Outlook 16-09-08 06z|access-date=September 16, 2008}}</ref> Later that day the JTWC issued their first advisory on this system designating it as Tropical Cyclone 02B<ref name="JTWC Advisory 16-09-08 15z">{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2008091615-WTIO.PGTW|server=JTWC|url-status=dead|title=JTWC Advisory 16-09-08 15z|access-date=September 16, 2008}}</ref> The Depression then made landfall on the Orissa coast later that day.<ref name="IMD Cwind Advisory 7">{{cite web|url=http://sonicfighters.com/rattleman/other/tropics/Files_for_WC_job/IMD_BOB04_2008_num01_to_num07.htm |publisher=IMD |title=IMD CWind Advisory 7 |access-date=September 16, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240522105138/https://www.webcitation.org/5asfIBGgz?url=http://sonicfighters.com/rattleman/other/tropics/Files_for_WC_job/IMD_BOB04_2008_num01_to_num07.htm |archive-date=May 22, 2024 |df=mdy }}</ref> So the JTWC issued their last advisory on the depression later that day.<ref name="JTWC Advisory 16-09-08 21z">{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2008091621-WTIO.PGTW|server=JTWC|url-status=dead|title=JTWC Advisory 16-09-08 21z|access-date=September 16, 2008}}</ref> However the IMD kept issuing advisories on the Deep Depression. The RSMC then downgraded it to a depression on September 18 as it moved further inland.<ref name="IMD Cwind Advisory 14">{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |publisher=IMD |title=IMD CWind Advisory 14 |access-date=September 18, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207004923/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> The RSMC issued their final advisory the next day as the depression had weakened into a well marked low-pressure area.<ref name="IMD Cwind Advisory 18">{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |publisher=IMD |title=IMD CWind Advisory 18 |access-date=September 20, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207004923/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> The track of Deep Depression making inland into Uttar Pradesh after crossing Orissa<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/obtrack.jpg |publisher=IMD |title=IMD Observed Track |access-date=September 20, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204200411/http://imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/obtrack.jpg |archive-date=December 4, 2010 |df=mdy }}</ref>

Baliguda in Orissa received 430 mm of rainfall in 48 hours between 17 and 18 September.<ref name="imd.gov.in"/> The Deep Depression caused 10 deaths in the state of [[Orissa, India|Orissa]].<ref name="Tha Indian">{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/flash-floods-in-orissa-kill-three-affect-one-million-lead_10097205.html|publisher=Thai Indian|title=Flash floods in Orissa kill three, affect one million|access-date=September 17, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524085938/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/flash-floods-in-orissa-kill-three-affect-one-million-lead_10097205.html|archive-date=May 24, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The Depression also caused 15 deaths in [[Uttar Pradesh]], its state capital [[Lucknow]] received the heaviest rains for September in the last 10 years.<ref name="ThaIndian">{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/enviornment/15-killed-as-torrential-rains-lash-uttar-pradesh-lead_10097956.html|publisher=Thai Indian|title=15 killed as torrential rains lash Uttar Pradesh|access-date=September 20, 2008|archive-date=June 8, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608033403/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/enviornment/15-killed-as-torrential-rains-lash-uttar-pradesh-lead_10097956.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Over 100 fishermen were reported missing as 25 trawlers capsized in the Bay of Bengal off Bangladesh's southern coastal areas as the sea turned rough due to a depression.<ref name="100 Fishermen">{{cite web|url=http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90778/90858/90863/6500485.html|publisher=Peoples Daily|title=Over 100 fishermen missing in Bay of Bengal|access-date=September 17, 2008}}</ref> The Deep Depression also caused storm surge up to 15 to 20 feet high.<ref name="Storm Surge">{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080918/jsp/bengal/story_9851376.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100802023257/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080918/jsp/bengal/story_9851376.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 2, 2010|publisher=Indian Telegraph|title=20ft waves swamp seaside hotels|access-date=September 17, 2008}}</ref>

Overall, the storm killed at least 25 people in India (10 in Orissa, 15 in Uttar Pradesh), but overall damage was minor.
{{clear}}

=== Deep Depression ARB 02 ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin = NIO
| Image = TC03A2008.jpg
| Track = Cyclone 03A 2008 track.png
| Formed = October 19
| Dissipated = October 23
| 3-min winds = 30
| 1-min winds = 30
| Pressure = 1000
}}
{{Main|Deep Depression ARB 02 (2008)}}

On October 19 the IMD noted that an area of low pressure which located to the south east of [[Salalah]], Oman had intensified into a tropical depression and was assigned the number ARB 02.<ref name="IMD Cwind Advisory 19-10-08 12z">{{cite web|url=http://202.54.31.9/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |publisher=IMD |title=IMD CWind Advisory 01 |access-date=October 19, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025092151/http://202.54.31.9/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |archive-date=October 25, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> On October 21 IMD updated the system to a Deep Depression while it lay 700 km south of [[Salalah]], Oman near the east coast of [[Somalia]].<ref name="IMD Special Tropical Weather Outlook 21-10-08 06z">{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |publisher=IMD |title=IMD Special Tropical Weather Outlook 21-10-08 06z |access-date=October 21, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020164736/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |archive-date=October 20, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> It lost its strength while crossing the Gulf of Aden due to entry of dry air and land interaction as it passed close to the northeastern coast of Somalia. It later was downgraded to a Depression,<ref>{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/New-Delhi/2008102206.DEMS |server=ftp.met.fsu.edu |url-status=dead |title=FTP link }}</ref> named TC 03B by the JTWC.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jim Andrews |title=TD 03B Heads for Yemen |publisher=[[AccuWeather]] |url=http://www.accuweather.com/mt-news-blogs.asp?partner=accuweather&blog=Andrews&pgurl=/mtweb/content/Andrews/archives/2008/10/td_03b_heads_for_yemen.asp |date=October 22, 2008 |access-date=October 25, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023204358/http://www.accuweather.com/mt-news-blogs.asp?partner=accuweather&blog=Andrews&pgurl=%2Fmtweb%2Fcontent%2FAndrews%2Farchives%2F2008%2F10%2Ftd_03b_heads_for_yemen.asp |archive-date=October 23, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Jim Andrews |title=03B Floods Yemen; Bay of Bengal Cyclone Watch |publisher=[[AccuWeather]] |url=http://www.accuweather.com/mt-news-blogs.asp?partner=accuweather&traveler=0&blog=Andrews&pgurl=/mtweb/content/Andrews/archives/2008/10/03b_floods_yemen_sends_moisture_north_to_iraq.asp |date=October 25, 2008 |access-date=October 25, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026185459/http://www.accuweather.com/mt-news-blogs.asp?partner=accuweather&traveler=0&blog=andrews&pgurl=%2Fmtweb%2Fcontent%2Fandrews%2Farchives%2F2008%2F10%2F03b_floods_yemen_sends_moisture_north_to_iraq.asp |archive-date=October 26, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On October 24 it made landfall on the south-eastern coast of [[Yemen]], leaving at least 26 civilians and six soldiers dead while trapping hundreds of people due to flooding and torrential rainfalls.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5iT_jGYjNHemHAo9g9LNUTgIwghLQD9411F280 |title=Tropical storm hits southern Yemen coastline |date=October 24, 2008 |first=Ahmed |last=Al-Haj |website=[[The Associated Press]] |via=Google.com |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028232514/http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5iT_jGYjNHemHAo9g9LNUTgIwghLQD9411F280}}</ref> The latest figure of casualties is of 180 persons dead and 100 others missing, mostly from the region of [[Hadhramawt]], where the storm made landfall.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/EGUA-7KUL5K?OpenDocument
|title=Heavy Flooding in Yemen Report 3
|publisher=[[WHO]]
|date=October 28, 2008
|access-date=October 28, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSLS392519._CH_.2400 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081106122116/http://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSLS392519._CH_.2400 |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 6, 2008 |work=Reuters |title=About 180 dead or missing after floods in Yemen |first=Jonathan |last=Lynn |date=October 28, 2008| access-date=October 28, 2008}}</ref> 733 houses were destroyed in the governorates of [[Hadhramaut Governorate|Hadhramawt]] and [[Al Mahrah Governorate|Al-Mahrah]], while 22,000 people were displaced. The Yemeni Government declared the two aforementioned governorates as [[disaster area|disaster zones]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newsyemen.net/en/view_news.asp?sub_no=3_2008_10_25_7486 |title=NewsYemen |access-date=October 25, 2008 |archive-date=February 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201105133/http://newsyemen.net/en/view_news.asp?sub_no=3_2008_10_25_7486 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=13597&size=A |title=YEMEN Death toll hits 184 in Yemen flooding – Asia News |publisher=Asianews.it |date=October 28, 2008 |access-date=October 19, 2010}}</ref> The most affected areas map released by [[ReliefWeb]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Sa.nsf/luFullMap/0C32AE50765817C9C12574EF0045E40E/$File/rw_FL_yem081027.gif?OpenElement&emid=FL-2008-000201-YEM |title=ReliefWeb on ARB02 |access-date=October 19, 2010}}</ref>

Overall, this weak storm killed at least 180 people in Yemen. Damage is estimated at $1.638 billion (US$).<ref name="wb">{{cite report|date=August 2014|url=https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/gfdrr/files/Yemen_August2014.pdf|title=Tropical Storm, October 2008: Recovery Framework Case Study|work=Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery|access-date=April 2, 2016|publisher=World Bank|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506061412/https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/gfdrr/files/Yemen_August2014.pdf|archive-date=2015-05-06|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{clear}}

=== Cyclonic Storm Rashmi ===
{{main|Cyclone Rashmi}}

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin = NIO
| Image = Rashmi 2008-10-26 0735Z.jpg
| Track = Rashmi 2008 track.png
| Formed = October 25
| Dissipated = October 27
| 3-min winds = 45
| 1-min winds = 45
| Pressure = 996
}}
On October 25, an area of low pressure which was located east of the [[Andhra Pradesh]] coast based on satellite, coastal observations, and buoy data intensified into a depression. The depression remained practically stationary and intensified into a deep depression about 400 km east-northeast of [[Visakhapatnam]], 250 km south-southeast of [[Paradip]] and 550 km south-southwest of [[Kolkata]] the next day. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center began issuing advisories on the system a few hours later that early morning, designating it as Tropical Cyclone 04B. The IMD later assigned the name ''Rashmi'' after it intensified into a cyclonic storm.{{efn|The name ''Rashmi'' ([[Sinhala language|Sinhala]]: රශ්මි, [[Help:IPA/Sinhala|[raʃmi]]]) was contributed by [[Sri Lanka]] and means "ray of light" in [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]].}} Rashmi later made landfall in the [[Khulna]]–[[Barisal]] coast at [[Patharghata]], Bangladesh on October 27. After rapidly weakening, Rashmi degenerated into a low pressure system shortly after landfall.

Chatgaon in Bangladesh reported about {{convert|50|kn|km/h}} winds at the time of landfall.<ref name="imd.gov.in"/> 15 people were killed and thousands of homes were also damaged. Rashmi brought down electrical and telephone poles and uprooted trees, large areas of acres of crops were also destroyed.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE49R0L920081028 | work=Reuters | title=Fifteen killed in Bangladesh storm | date=October 28, 2008| access-date=October 28, 2008}}</ref> 5 people were also killed in the state of [[Meghalaya]], India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zeenews.com/articles.asp?aid=479331&sid=REG |title=Five killed as rains wreck[sic] havoc in Meghalaya |publisher=Zeenews.com |date=October 27, 2008 |access-date=October 19, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524165033/http://www.zeenews.com/news479331.html |archive-date=May 24, 2011}}</ref> At least 50 fishermen were reported missing when about 15 fishing trawlers capsized offshore.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=60723 |title=Internet Edition |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=October 28, 2008 |access-date=October 19, 2010}}</ref>

Rashmi killed at least 28 people. 15 people were killed in Bangladesh and 13 people were killed in India (5 in Meghalaya,
8 in Arunachal Pradesh).<ref name="Rashmi"/>

{{clear}}

=== Cyclonic Storm Khai-Muk ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin = NIO
| Formed = November 13
| Dissipated = November 16
| 3-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 45
| Pressure = 996
| Image = Khai-muk 14 nov 2008 0455Z.jpg
| Track = Khai-muk 2008 track.png
}}
On November 13, a low-pressure area identified by the India Meteorological Department over southeast Bay of Bengal and adjoining areas concentrated into a depression east-southeast of Chennai, India. The IMD expected the system to intensify further and move towards north Tamil-Nadu/south Andhra Pradesh coasts. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center issued a tropical cyclone warning on the tropical cyclone early on November 14 naming it as Tropical Cyclone 05B. A few hours later the IMD upgraded the system to a deep depression issuing a Cyclone Watch for Andhra Pradesh as intensification into a cyclonic storm was possible. By mid morning the IMD advised the eastern coast of India that the system was expected to cross Andhra Pradesh by noon the next day (local time). Later that morning the deep depression intensified into a cyclonic storm and was named ''Khai-Muk''{{efn|The name ''Khai-Muk'' ([[Thai language|Thai]]: ไข่มุก, [[Help:IPA/Thai|[kʰaj˨˩ muk̚˦˥]]]) was contributed by [[Thailand]] and means "pearl" in [[Thai language|Thai]].}} and the cyclone watch was raised to a warning for Andhra Pradesh coast with Khai-Muk forecast to intensify even further before it made landfall on November 15 in south Andhra Pradesh coast close to the north of Kavali. However, the system became sheared to the western periphery and the IMD downgraded it back into a deep depression.
Khai-Muk headed northwest and then northwards after making landfall in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/obtrack.jpg |publisher=IMD |title=IMD Observed Track |access-date=November 17, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204200411/http://imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/obtrack.jpg |archive-date=December 4, 2010 |df=mdy }}</ref>

By November 15, all ports in [[Andhra Pradesh]] were under cautionary signal number three. All fishermen were advised to remain at port due to rough seas.<ref>{{cite web|author=Visakhapatnam|publisher=WebIndia|date=November 16, 2008|access-date=March 1, 2009|title=Cyclonic storm'Khai Muk' weakens, crosses coast in Nellore|url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20081116/1105821.html}}</ref> Residents along the shore were urged to evacuate as waves up to {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} were forecast to impact the coast.<ref>{{cite news|author=|work=The Hindu|date=November 15, 2008|access-date=March 1, 2009|title=Andhra on alert as cyclone threatens coast|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200811151601.htm|location=Chennai, India|archive-date=November 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104101130/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200811151601.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

High winds knocked down trees and power lines causing traffic jams throughout the Andhra Pradesh.<ref name="TH1"/> Boats and fishing nets were washed away by high waves produced by Khai-Muk, costing Rs. 2 cores (US$430,000).<ref name="TH4">{{cite news|author=|date=November 27, 2008|access-date=March 1, 2009|title=Fishermen hit by Khai Muk to get relief|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/27/stories/2008112756010300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104101142/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/27/stories/2008112756010300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 4, 2012|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> An average of {{convert|53.5|mm|in}} of rain fell throughout the state.<ref name="TH1">{{cite news|author= |date=November 17, 2008|access-date=March 1, 2009|title=7,500 villagers shifted|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/17/stories/2008111753510300.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125082158/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/17/stories/2008111753510300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 25, 2013|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> The highest rainfall was recorded in [[Polavaram, West Godavari district|Polavaram]] at 230 mm on 17 November.<ref name="imd.gov.in"/> An estimated 1.2 million hectares of crops were damaged or destroyed by the storm leading to Rs. 10 cores (US$1.9 million) in agricultural losses.<ref name="TH2">{{cite news|author= |date=November 18, 2008|access-date=March 1, 2009|title=Cyclone: farm sector bears the brunt|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/18/stories/2008111853380300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925194348/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/18/stories/2008111853380300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 25, 2011|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> A total of 148 homes were destroyed and another 23 were damaged, amounting to Rs. 4 crores (US$780,000) in monetary losses.<ref>{{cite news|author= |date=November 17, 2008|access-date=March 1, 2009|title=Storm causes extensive damage to crops|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/17/stories/2008111751540300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104101159/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/17/stories/2008111751540300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 4, 2012|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> A {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} stretch of highway was washed out by the storm and damages to the road amounted to Rs. 4 crores (US$780,000).<ref name="TH2"/>

A state of high alert was declared in Andhra Pradesh following the storm in the state. About 7,500 people were evacuated from several towns to 23 shelters set up by officials. The shelters provided the residents with breakfast and milk on November 16.<ref name="TH1"/> The following day, a total of 44,949 people had evacuated to 66 relief shelters.<ref name="TH3">{{cite news|author= |date=November 17, 2008|access-date=March 1, 2009|title=Cyclonic storm dissipates|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/17/stories/2008111753860400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418054024/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/17/stories/2008111753860400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 18, 2009|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> The minister of Andhra requested that the government send rice, pulses, oil and other materials to cyclone victims.<ref name="TH4"/>
{{clear}}

=== Cyclonic Storm Nisha ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin = NIO
| Image = 06B (Nisha) 26 November 2008 at 0525 UTC.jpg
| Track = Nisha 2008 track.png
| Formed = November 25
| Dissipated = November 29
| 3-min winds = 45
| 1-min winds = 55
| Pressure = 996
}}
{{Main|Cyclone Nisha (2008)}}

Late in the morning of November 25, India Meteorological Department satellite imageries, including surface observations from [[Sri Lanka]] and coastal stations of Tamil Nadu, indicated that a depression had formed over Sri Lanka in southwest Bay of Bengal. The depression remained nearly stationary and intensified into a deep depression three hours later. The IMD posted a cyclone watch for Tamil Nadu region of India noting that the system was likely to intensify into a cyclonic storm and cross Tamil Nadu coast between Pamban and Nagapattinam by tomorrow night. Very late in the day the IMD mentioned that the deep depression would intensify, however the cyclone watch for Tamil Nadu coast was lowered (or not mentioned) in the bulletin issued. Early on November 26, the deep depression close to Tamil Nadu coast intensified into a cyclonic storm and was named ''Nisha''.{{efn|The name ''Nisha'' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: নিশা; [[Help:IPA/Bengali|[ˈniʃaˑ]]]) was contributed by [[Bangladesh]] and means ''night'' in [[Bengali language|Bengali]].}} It crossed the coast close to the north of [[Karaikal]] between 0530 and 0630 hours IST on November 27 and Karaikal reported {{convert|35|kn|km/h}} at the time of landfall.<ref name="imd.gov.in"/> On November 28, JTWC issued their final warning. Nisha headed northwest towards south Karnataka after making landfall in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/obtrack.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=November 28, 2008 |archive-date=December 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204200411/http://imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/obtrack.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref>

15 people have been killed when Nisha hit northern Sri Lanka on November 25, 2008, causing heavy rains and flooding that reportedly displaced between 60,000 and 70,000 people in [[Vanni (Sri Lanka)|Vanni]] and 20,000 people in [[Jaffna]] district.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/EDIS-7LTQR4?OpenDocument |title=ReliefWeb ť Document ť Sri Lanka: Allow aid groups to help cyclone victims |date=November 28, 2008 |publisher=Reliefweb.int |access-date=October 19, 2010}}</ref> Jaffna recorded the highest rainfall since 1918, of 520.1 mm of rain in last week, with Wednesday's reading of 389.8 mm, being the highest in nine decades.
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tamileelamnews.com/news/publish/tns_10537.shtml |title=Record Rain falls cripple Northern Sri Lanka |publisher=Tamileelamnews.com |access-date=October 19, 2010 |archive-date=December 6, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206093030/http://www.tamileelamnews.com/news/publish/tns_10537.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>

189 people were killed by the heavy rains and floods caused by the cyclone in [[Tamil Nadu]] and the death toll is expected to rise.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200812071604.htm |title=Deep depression over Bay of Bengal weakens: Met Dept |work=The Hindu |date=December 7, 2008 |access-date=October 19, 2010 |location=Chennai, India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103142719/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200812071604.htm |archive-date=November 3, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article12894.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218150440/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article12894.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 18, 2013 |title=CM meets Collectors |work=The New Indian Express |location=India |date=December 7, 2008 |access-date=October 19, 2010}}</ref> Some places have recorded extreme rainfall, notably [[Orathanad]], [[Thanjavur district]] where over 660 mm of rain fell within a period of 24 hours and broke the 65-year-old record of highest rainfall registered in 24 hours in Tamil Nadu. Previously the highest amount of rainfall in a day was 570 mm registered by [[Cuddalore]] on May 18, 1943.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/28/stories/2008112854260400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202174137/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/28/stories/2008112854260400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 2, 2008 |title=Tamil Nadu / Chennai News : Rain-related death toll rises to 51 |date= November 28, 2008|access-date=October 19, 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> In two days, Orathanadu registered 990 mm of rainfall. Overall in 4 days between 25 and 28 November, Orathanadu got 1280 mm making it as the 4th wettest Cylone in India. The most affected areas map released by [[ReliefWeb]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Sa.nsf/luFullMap/3A95CE6C7BB78225C125750F0055CEEB/$File/rwmm_TC_asi081128.gif?OpenElement |title=Areas affected by Nisha |access-date=October 19, 2010}}</ref>

Nisha killed 204 people making it the 4th deadliest storm in 2008 after [[Cyclone Nargis]], [[Typhoon Fengshen (2008)|Typhoon Fengshen]] and [[Hurricane Hanna]]. Damage is estimated at 3789 crores i.e. $800 million (US$).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/12/stories/2008121253870400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081214144804/http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/12/stories/2008121253870400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 14, 2008 |title=Tamil Nadu / Chennai News : State puts flood damage at Rs.3,789 cr |date=December 12, 2008 |access-date=October 19, 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
{{clear}}

=== Deep Depression BOB 08 ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin = NIO
| Image = BOB 08 2008-12-04 0740Z.jpg
| Track = Cyclone 07B 2008 track.png
| Formed = December 4
| Dissipated = December 7
| 1-min winds = 35
| 3-min winds = 30
| Pressure = 1004
}}
On December 3, an area of low pressure formed over the southern [[Bay of Bengal]] within the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]]. The system was well organized with good convection present from the previous 48 hours. On December 4, the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD) upgraded the area of low pressure to a depression giving it the designation "BOB 08". At that time it was located approximately {{convert|650|km}} [[south-southwest]] of [[Port Blair]].<ref name="imdbob8-cwind1">{{cite web|title=IMD Depression BOB 08 Tropical Cyclone Bulletin 01 |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |access-date=November 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207004923/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> That day, the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) designated the system as Tropical Cyclone 07B.<ref name="jtwc07b-war1">{{cite web|title=JTWC Tropical Cyclone 07B Warning 01 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] |access-date=November 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014124026/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |archive-date=October 14, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> Early on December 5, the IMD upgraded Depression BOB 08 to a deep depression.<ref name="imdbob8-cwind5">{{cite web|title=IMD Depression BOB 08 Tropical Cyclone Bulletin 05 |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |access-date=November 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207004923/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> On December 7, the IMD reported that BOB 08 weakened into a depression.<ref name="imdbob8-cwind15">{{cite web|title=IMD Depression BOB 08 Tropical Cyclone Bulletin 15 |url=http://202.54.31.9/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |access-date=November 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025092151/http://202.54.31.9/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |archive-date=October 25, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> The depression continued to weaken until it decayed into a remnant low late on the same day.<ref name="imdbob8-cwind18">{{cite web|title=IMD Depression BOB 08 Tropical Cyclone Bulletin 18 |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |access-date=November 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207004923/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> Puducherry got 90 mm of rainfall on 9 December.<ref name="imd.gov.in"/>
{{clear}}

== Season effects ==
This table lists all the Depressions that developed in the North Indian Ocean during the 2008 season. The meteorological data is taken all from RSMC New Delhi and is rated using their intensity scale.

{{North Indian Ocean areas affected (Top)}}
|-
| '''[[Cyclone Nargis|Nargis]]''' || {{Sort|0427|April 27 – May 3}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|esvrcyclstorm}}|Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|esvrcyclstorm}}|{{Sort|165|{{convert|165|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|esvrcyclstorm}}|{{sort|962|{{convert|962|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}} || Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Yunnan ||align=right| {{ntsp|12900000000||$}} ||align=right| {{nts|138373}} ||<ref name="NargisIMD"/><ref name="NargisWMO"/><ref name="sigma">{{cite web| url=http://www.preventionweb.net/files/8841_Sigma22009e.pdf|title=Natural catastrophes and man-made disasters in 2008: North America and Asia suffer heavy losses|date=21 January 2009|publisher=Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd|page=24|access-date=16 January 2010}}</ref>
|-
| '''ARB 01''' || {{Sort|0605|June 5–7}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|01|Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{sort|045|{{convert|45|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|994|{{convert|994|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}} || Oman ||align=right| {{Sort|0|None}} ||align=right| {{Sort|0|0}} ||<ref name="SS"/>
|-
| '''BOB 02''' || {{Sort|0616|June 16–18}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|01|Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{sort|045|{{convert|45|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|988|{{convert|988|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}} || India, Bangladesh ||align=right| {{Sort|0|Unknown}} ||align=right| {{nts|54}} ||<ref name="SS"/>
|-
| '''BOB 03''' || {{sort|0809|August 9–10}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|01|Land Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{sort|045|{{convert|45|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|DI}}|{{Sort|1004|{{convert|1004|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}} || India (Orissa, West Bengal) ||align=right| {{Sort|0|Unknown}} ||align=right| {{Sort|61|61}} ||<ref name="SS"/>
|-
| '''BOB 04''' || {{sort|0914|September 14–19}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|02|Deep Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{sort|055|{{convert|55|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|986|{{convert|986|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}} || India ||align=right| {{Sort|0|Unknown}} ||align=right| {{nts|25}} ||<ref name="SS"/>
|-
| '''[[2008 Yemen cyclone|ARB 02]]''' || {{sort|1204|October 19–23}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|02|Deep Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{sort|055|{{convert|55|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|1000|{{convert|1000|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}} || Yemen ||align=right| {{ntsp|1638000000||$}} ||align=right| {{nts|180}} ||<ref name="SS"/>
|-
| '''[[Cyclone Rashmi|Rashmi]]''' || {{sort|1025|October 25–27}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A1}}|{{Sort|03|Cyclonic Storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A1}}|{{Sort|085|{{convert|85|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A1}}|{{sort|984|{{convert|984|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}} || India, Bangladesh ||align=right| {{Sort|0|Unknown}} ||align=right| {{nts|28}} ||<ref name="Rashmi">{{cite web|title=Cyclonic Storm, 'Rashmi' a Preliminary Report |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cycRashmi.pdf |access-date=November 3, 2012 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |author=Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209141104/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cycRashmi.pdf |archive-date=December 9, 2008 |date=November 2008 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref>
|-
| '''Khai-Muk''' || {{Sort|1025|November 13–16}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A1}}|{{Sort|03|Cyclonic Storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A1}}|{{Sort|065|{{convert|65|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A1}}|{{Sort|996|{{convert|996|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}} || India (Andhra Pradesh) ||align=right| {{ntsp|314351728||$}} ||align=right| {{Sort|0|0}} ||<ref name="SS"/>
|-
| '''[[Cyclone Nisha (2008)|Nisha]]''' || {{Sort|1225|November 25–29}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A1}}|{{Sort|03|Cyclonic Storm}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A1}}|{{Sort|085|{{convert|85|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A1}}|{{Sort|996|{{convert|996|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}} || Sri Lanka, India (Tamil Nadu)||align=right| {{ntsp|594358905.35||$}} ||align=right| {{nts|204}} ||<ref name="SS"/>
|-
| '''BOB 08''' || {{sort|1204|December 4–8}} ||bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|02|Deep Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{sort|055|{{convert|55|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|996|{{convert|996|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}} || Sri Lanka, India ||align=right| {{Sort|0|None}} ||align=right| {{Sort|0|0}} ||<ref name="SS"/>
|-
{{TC Areas affected (Bottom)|TC's=10 systems|dates=April 27 – December 8|winds={{convert|165|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}|pres={{convert|962|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} || damage={{ntsp|{{#expr:12900000000+1638000000+800000000+3110000}}||$}}|deaths={{nts|{{#expr:138373+56+61+25+180+28+204}}}}|Refs=}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* [[North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone]]
* [[Tropical cyclones in 2008]]
* [[2008 Atlantic hurricane season]]
* [[2008 Pacific hurricane season]]
* [[2008 Pacific typhoon season]]
* South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: [[2007–08 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|2007–08]], [[2008–09 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|2008–09]]
* Australian region cyclone seasons: [[2007–08 Australian region cyclone season|2007–08]], [[2008–09 Australian region cyclone season|2008–09]]
* South Pacific cyclone seasons: [[2007–08 South Pacific cyclone season|2007–08]], [[2008–09 South Pacific cyclone season|2008–09]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220611174033/http://www.geocities.com/rattleman123456/rsmc.htms.html RSMC Report on Cyclonic Disturbances in html]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150517005046/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cyclone.htm India Meteorological Department Cyclone Page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081209141104/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cycRashmi.pdf Cyclonic Storm Rashmi: A Preliminary Report]

{{2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season buttons}}
{{TC Decades|Year=2000|basin=North Indian Ocean|type=cyclone}}
{{Tropical cyclone season|2008}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2008 North Indian Ocean Cyclone Season}}
[[Category:2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season| ]]
[[Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in 2008|2008 NIO]]

Men Against Rape and Discrimination

2026-04-25T20:51:16Z

Piniteinfra: Stub - done

{{Short description|2013 Indian social campaign and organization}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Men Against Rape and Discrimination
| image = Men Against Rape and Discrimination logo.jpg
| image_size = 230px
| caption = Logo of Men Against Rape and Discrimination (MARD)
| founder = [[Farhan Akhtar]]
| type = Social campaign
| tax_id =
| registration_id =
| founded = March 2013
| location = India
| coordinates = 
| origins =
| key_people =
| region_served =
| products =
| services =
| focus =
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}}
'''Men Against Rape and Discrimination''' ('''MARD'''/'''M.A.R.D''') is a 2013 social campaign launched by India film director and actor [[Farhan Akhtar]].<ref name=ToI>{{cite news|title=Farhan Akhtar launches campaign against 'rape and discrimination'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Farhan-Akhtar-launches-campaign-against-rape-and-discrimination/articleshow/18947551.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330222419/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-13/news-interviews/37681387_1_farhan-akhtar-shaadi-ke-side-effects-milkha-singh|url-status=live|archive-date=30 March 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=15 March 2013}}</ref> The word "MARD" ("Mard"; {{Langx|hi|मर्द}}, {{Langx|en|Man}}) has been used in the short form of the campaign name.<ref name=BoC>{{cite news|title=Farhan Akhtar Starts 'MARD' (Men Against Rape and Discrimination)|newspaper=Business of Cinema|url=http://businessofcinema.com/news/farhan-akhtar-starts-mard-men-against-rape-and-discrimination/64493|accessdate=15 March 2013}}</ref> The campaign aims to raise social awareness against rape and discrimination of women.<ref name="Aaj TV">{{cite news|title=Farhan Akhtar to lead campaign against 'rape and discrimination'|url=http://www.aaj.tv/2013/03/farhan-akhtar-to-lead-campaign-against-%E2%80%98rape-and-discrimination%E2%80%99/|accessdate=15 March 2013|newspaper=Aaj TV}}</ref>

From its launch, the campaign became a topic of discussion in several social networking sites and has received positive feedback from actors like [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]], [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Arjun Rampal]], and [[Hrithik Roshan]].<ref name=ToI /><ref name=7days>{{cite news|title=Bollywood filmmaker launches 'MARD' campaign against rape, discrimination|url=http://www.7daysindubai.com/VIDEO-Bollywood-filmmaker-launches-MARD-campaign/story-18402035-detail/story.html|newspaper=7 Days in Dubai|accessdate=15 March 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316185454/http://www.7daysindubai.com/VIDEO-Bollywood-filmmaker-launches-MARD-campaign/story-18402035-detail/story.html|archivedate=16 March 2013}}</ref>

== History ==
Akhtar conceived MARD after an incident in August 2012. Pallavi Purkayastha, a Mumbai lawyer,<ref name="Mumbai law graduate Pallavi Purkayastha's killer was driven by lust">{{cite news|title=Mumbai law graduate Pallavi Purkayastha's killer was driven by lust|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mumbai-law-graduate-Pallavi-Purkayasthas-killer-was-driven-by-lust/articleshow/15441021.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019025515/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-11/mumbai/33152763_1_crime-branch-electrician-power-outage|url-status=live|archive-date=19 October 2012|access-date=15 March 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 August 2012}}</ref> was brutally murdered by her watchman for fighting for her dignity because he tried to sexually assault her. Akhtar launched his campaign in March 2013.<ref name=ToI />

=== Initiatives ===
{{Quote box
|quote = [[File:Twitter logo.svg|100px]] If you are a man who respects women... her rights, her dignity, her independence, her mind, her body, her life... you are a {{Blue|#MARD}}.
|source = [[Farhan Akhtar]] at [[Twitter]], 9:03 PM, 9 March 2013 ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]])<ref name="Twitter tweet">{{cite web|title=Farhan Akhtar tweet|url=https://twitter.com/FarOutAkhtar/statuses/310616849933033472|via=Twitter|accessdate=15 March 2013}}</ref>
|align =
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In March 2013, Akhtar performed at a college concert in Bangalore wearing a t-shirt with MARD's logo.<ref name="Farhan Tweets up a MARD storm">{{cite news|title=Farhan Tweets up a MARD storm|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/farhan-akhtar-tweets-up-a-mard-storm-155907-2013-03-11|access-date=15 March 2013|newspaper=India Today}}</ref> He also attempted to popularize this campaign using social networking sites. The tweets posted by Akhtar were hugely popular. In an interview, Akhtar stated that he wanted to bring the campaign to education institutions, such as schools and colleges, "to drive home the message that women need to be respected."<ref name=ToI /><ref name="Farhan Tweets up a MARD storm" />

Farhan Akhtar, who initiated the social campaign, was also seen promoting the cause at Indian Premiere League season six where he distributed 70,000 moustaches among the audience on 26 April 2013 at Eden Gardens, [[Kolkata]] during the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] vs [[Kings XI Punjab]] match in support of the initiative. This initiative was supported by [[Adam Gilchrist]], [[Gautam Gambhir]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], and many others who sported the moustache in the stadium.

Actor Mahesh Babu and cricketer Sachin Tendulkar joined the initiative in June 2013. Both [[Mahesh Babu]] and [[Sachin Tendulkar]] lent their voice to record a poem, written by Farhan's father Javed Akhtar.<ref name="IBNLive ST">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/462083/20130428/mard-farhan-akhtar-shah-rukh-ipl-preity.htm |title=Farhan Akhtar's MARD Campaign; Adam Gilchrist, Gautam Gambhir, Shaan, SRK Sport Moustaches [PHOTOS] – International Business Times |publisher=Ibtimes.co.in |date= 28 April 2013|accessdate=2013-06-12}}</ref><ref name="MB ST TOI">{{cite web|author=TNN |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-09/news-interviews/39849396_1_mahesh-babu-mard-sachin-tendulkar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613102137/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-09/news-interviews/39849396_1_mahesh-babu-mard-sachin-tendulkar |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-06-13 |title=Mahesh, Sachin Tendulkar join hands for MARD |work=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=2013-06-12}}</ref>

== Reactions ==
After its launch, the campaign became a trending topic on different [[social networking site]]s, including [[Twitter]] and [[Facebook]].<ref name="Farhan Tweets up a MARD storm" /> The initiative received positive feedback and support from many artists, including [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]], [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Mahesh Babu]], [[Arjun Rampal]], [[Hrithik Roshan]], [[Shahid Kapoor]], [[Vidya Balan]] and Mukesh Officials etc.<ref name=ToI /> Akhtar's tweets were actively re-tweeted by Priyanka Chopra, Arjun Rampal, Sonam Kapoor and [[Shabana Azmi]].<ref name="Farhan Tweets up a MARD storm" />

== See also ==
* [[2012 Delhi gang rape case]]
* [[Criminal Law (Amendment) Ordinance, 2013]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}{{Mahesh Babu}}

[[Category:2013 in India]]
[[Category:Feminist organisations in India]]
[[Category:Violence against women in India]]
[[Category:Sexual abuse victims advocacy]]

Murder of Kiran Negi

2026-04-25T18:29:11Z

Piniteinfra:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Short description|2012 rape and murder of girl in Delhi, India}}
{{Orphan|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Kidnapping of Kiran Negi
| location = Qutub Vihar, Phase II, Dwarka, Southwest Delhi, India. Body found in Rodhai, Rewari district, Haryana, India.
| date = 9 February 2012
| type = Kidnapping, Rape, Murder
| fatalities = 1
| victims = Kiran Negi
| perpetrators = Rahul, Ravi, Vinod
| weapons = Jack and spanner (allegedly used for murder)
| accused = Rahul, Ravi, Vinod
| convicted = Convicted in lower courts and High Court, but acquitted by Supreme Court of India
| verdict = Acquitted by Supreme Court of India
| litigation = Supreme Court of India
| notes = Procedural lapses by police and prosecution led to acquittal; DNA evidence deemed unreliable by the court.
}} '''Kiran Negi''' (1993 — 2012) was a 19-year old Indian woman and resident of Qutub Vihar in Dwarka, southwest [[Delhi]], India. She was returning home from work with two other girls when she was kidnapped by three people in a red [[Tata Indica]] car in Phase II Qutub Vihar on 9 February 2012. Vikas Rawat tried to intervene but was outnumbered. Rahul (26), Ravi (22), and Vinod (22), were arrested four days later and the body of Kiran Negi was found in a mustard field about 30 km away in Rodhai, a village in [[Rewari]] district, [[Haryana]]. The police claimed to have solved the case with confessions from the accused and findings of investigation including DNA evidence but the accused were acquitted by the court which deemed the evidence to be unreliable.

==Investigation==

The investigation conducted by the police revealed that accused Rahul was apprehended with a red Indica car four days after the kidnapping. He confessed in police custody that he, along with his brother Ravi and Vinod, had kidnapped a girl from Qutub Vihar, committed rape on her, killed her, and threw her dead body in the fields ahead of [[Jhajjar]]. The police confiscated the car, mobile phones of the accused, and found the body of the girl in village Rodai of Rewari, Haryana. The police also recovered some hair strands from the body of the deceased, as well as two plastic glasses, one empty pouch of snacks, piece of earthenware pot, a broken piece of a red-coloured plastic bumper(of the car), and one wallet near the dead body. At the instance of the accused, mobile phone and undergarment of the victim, along with her other burnt personal articles, were also found. The police found jack and spanner in the car, which were supposedly used for murdering the girl. Hair strands of the victim were also found in the car along with semen on the seats.{{fact|date=July 2025}}

==Verdicts==

However, procedural lapses by the police and prosecution ensured that the accused were acquitted in the case.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/sc-acquits-3-gangrape-convicts-in-heinous-case-from-2012-article-95352872 | title=2012 Delhi Chhawala gang rape case: SC acquits all three convicts | date=7 November 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://tehelka.com/delhi-police-left-red-faced-as-3-rape-and-death-case-convicts-walk-free/ | title=Delhi police left red faced as 3 rape and death case convicts walk free | Tehelka | date=December 2022 }}</ref> Although the accused were convicted in lower courts and High Court,<ref>{{Cite web | title=Kiran Negi case, Kiran Negi Latest News, New delhi Rape Case, Chhawala Gangrape Case {{!}} किरण नेगी गैंगरेप: दुष्कर्म के बाद आंखों में तेजाब डाला, नाजुक अंगों से शराब की बोतल मिली, नौ साल हो गए, अभी सुप्रीम कोर्ट में 'अगली तारीख' का इंतजार है {{!}} Dainik Bhaskar | url=https://www.bhaskar.com/db-original/news/kiran-negi-case-kiran-negi-latest-news-new-delhi-rape-case-chhawala-gangrape-case-127802295.html | access-date=2025-07-07 | website=www.bhaskar.com}}</ref> the [[Supreme Court of India]] picked apart all the circumstantial evidence and found that the evidence was not conclusive. None of the witnesses could identify the accused in court, and the Test Identification parade ([[Police lineup]]) was not done by any of the investigating officers before filing the chargesheet. The constables who arrested the accused were not examined by the prosecution, and there were conflicting versions on who among the police reached the site of the body first. Confessions by the accused before police were not accepted as evidence, except in the part where it leads to recovery of any incriminating material. Thus, the wallet found was said to contain documents of accused Rahul, but witnesses did not mention any such documents, implying evidence planting by the police. The hair found on the body was suspected to have been put there later, as loose hair would not be on the body for 3 days. The date of death according to the post-mortem was between 10 February 2012, and 11 February 2012, while the prosecution claimed it to be the night of 9 February 2012, and 10 February 2012. As the [[chain of custody]] of the car was not clear between seizure and sending to the laboratory, the hair and semen found there also became suspect as being a plant by police. Further, the DNA test itself is not a reliable evidence according to the court. The parents of the victim were shocked at this judgment.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2022/nov/08/chhawla-rape-victims-parents-shocked-over-acquittal-of-accused-2516103.html | title=Chhawla rape victim's parents shocked over acquittal of accused }}</ref> A [[review petition]] in the case was also dismissed by the court.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://devbhoomisamvad.com/tag/kiran-negi-murder-case/ | title=Kiran Negi murder case Archives | date=28 March 2023 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Murder of Ankita Bhandari]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Negi, Kiran}}
[[Category:Murder in Delhi]]
[[Category:Rape in India]]
[[Category:2012 murders in India]]
[[Category:People murdered in Delhi|Negi, Kiran]]

Girija Shankar Guha

2026-04-24T17:35:38Z

Piniteinfra: Created A Data Needs Work

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Girija Shankar Guha
| office = Member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]
| term_start = 28 April 1947
| term_end = 1950
| office1 = Minister to the King of Tripura
| alma_mater = [[Presidency University, Kolkata]], [[University of Calcutta]], [[Cotton University]]
| appointer = [[Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarman]]
}}

'''Girija Shankar Guha''' (23 December 1893-NA) was a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] representing [[Tripura (princely state)|Tripura]] and [[Manipur (princely state)|Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mixed response to 'black day' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/mixed-response-to-black-day/cid/864181 |access-date=2022-04-11 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Guha was born on 23 December 1893 in [[Shillong]], Assam.

Guha studied at the [[Cotton University]], [[Department of Law, University of Calcutta]], and [[Presidency University, Kolkata]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Whos who |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/782468/1/publication_whoswho_eng_pp_1950.pdf |access-date=11 April 2022 |website=[[National Informatics Centre]]}}</ref>

Guha served as a Minister to the King of Tripura.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhaumik |first=Subir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iftjFki3fhYC&dq=Girija+Shankar+Guha&pg=PA69 |title=Insurgent Crossfire: North-east India |date=1996 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=978-1-897829-12-7 |pages=69 |language=en}}</ref> He also worked as a Barrister.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paul |first=Manas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubVIbIN9UwsC&dq=Girija+Shankar+Guha&pg=PR13 |title=The Eyewitness: Tales from Tripura's Ethnic Conflict |date=2009 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=978-1-935501-15-2 |pages=xiii |language=en}}</ref> Guha was a former Deputy Commissioner of [[Sylhet District]].<ref name=":0" />

[[Maharaja Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya]] appointed Guha 28 April 1947 to the Constituent Assembly of India to represent Tripura after deciding to join India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Birthday Of Last King Of Tripura Declared Holiday |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/birthday-of-last-king-of-tripura-maharaja-bir-bikram-kishore-manikya-declared-holiday-2129376 |access-date=2022-04-11 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> Guha signed the Instrument of Accession which led to Tripura and Manipur becoming states of India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chopra |first=Sanjeev |date=2020-08-08 |title=Ethnic aspirations in Manipur & Tripura: I |url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/mapping-the-states-of-india/ethnic-aspirations-in-manipur-tripura-i-415009 |access-date=2022-04-11 |website=www.millenniumpost.in |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guha, Girija Shankar}}
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]

Atam Nagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:39:33Z

Piniteinfra: Started entry

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Punjab State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Atam Nagar
| map_image = 62-Atam Nagar.svg
| mla = [[Kulwant Singh Sidhu]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| district = [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Ludhiana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ludhiana]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:170654}} (in 2022){{update after|2027|02}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 62
}}
'''Atam Nagar Assembly constituency''' (Sl. No.: 62) is a [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] constituency in [[Ludhiana district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state, India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |title=List of Punjab Assembly Constituencies |accessdate=19 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033326/http://ceopunjab.nic.in/english/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |archivedate=23 April 2016 }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| rowspan=2|[[Simarjit Singh Bains]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<ref name=election2017/>
|{{Full party name with color|Lok Insaaf Party}}
|-
|[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Kulwant Singh Sidhu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
=== 2022 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2022]]: Atam Nagar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party=Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate=[[Kulwant Singh Sidhu]]
|votes= {{formatnum:44601}}
|percentage= 42.44
|change=
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Indian National Congress
|candidate=Kamaljit Singh Karwal<ref name="Punjab INC 2022">{{cite news |title=Punjab Elections 2022: Full list of Congress Candidates and their Constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-elections-2022-full-list-of-congress-candidates/2407341/ |access-date=18 February 2022 |work=FE Online |agency=The Indian Express Group |issue=The Financial Express (India) |date=February 18, 2022}}</ref>
|votes= {{formatnum:28247}}
|percentage= 26.88
|change=
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Insaaf Party
|candidate = [[Simarjit Singh Bains]]
|votes = {{formatnum:12720}}
|percentage = 12.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Prem Mittal
|votes = {{formatnum:9447}}
|percentage = 8.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|candidate = Harish Rai
|votes = {{formatnum:7120}}
|percentage = 6.78
|change=
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=None of the above (India)
|candidate=None of the above
|votes= {{formatnum:810}}
|percentage= 0.77
|change=
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes={{formatnum:16354}}
|percentage=15.56
|change=
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:170654}}
|ref=<ref name="Punjab Election 2022">{{cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Aam Aadmi Party
|loser = Lok Insaaf Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

=== 2017 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2017"/> <section end="Assembly Election 2017"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2017]]: Atam Nagar<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/members/detail/22|title= Amritsar Central Assembly election result, 2012|accessdate= 13 January 2017}}</ref><ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Lok Insaaf Party
|candidate = [[Simarjit Singh Bains]]
|votes = {{formatnum:53421}}
|percentage = 49.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Kamal Jit Singh Karwal
|votes = {{formatnum:36508}}
|percentage = 34.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|candidate = Gurmeet Singh Kular
|votes = {{formatnum:14138}}
|percentage = 13.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = {{formatnum:963}}
|percentage = 0.9
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes={{formatnum:16913}}
|percentage=15.90
|change=
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes={{formatnum:106156}}
|percentage=68.0
|change=
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:157578}}
|ref=<ref name=electors2017>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/VS2017/D03-Electors%20and%20Polling%20Stations%20VS%202017.pdf |title=Electors and Polling Stations - VS 2017 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner=Lok Insaaf Party
|swing=
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Previous Results===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year||A C No.||Name||Party||Votes||Runner Up||Party||Votes
|-
|2012||62||Simarjit Singh Bains||IND||51063||Hira Singh Gabria||SAD||22560
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}
{{coord|30.88|75.85|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Ludhiana district]]
[[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2012]]

Zaidpur Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:37:54Z

Piniteinfra: added a info basic info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Zaidpur
| map_image = 269-Zaidpur.svg
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Barabanki district|Barabanki]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Barabanki Lok Sabha constituency|Barabanki]]
| reservation = SC
| type = SLA
| mla = [[Gaurav Kumar (politician)|Gaurav Kumar Rawat]]
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| electors = 3,96,995
| constituency_no = 269
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| preceded_by = [[Upendra Singh Rawat]]
}}
'''Zaidpur''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Zaidpur in the [[Barabanki district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="results2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>

Zaidpur is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Barabanki Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 269 amongst 403 constituencies. It is reserved for Scheduled Caste candidates, although Muslims make up a large fraction of the electorate.

== List of MLAs ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Zaidpur Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/zaidpur.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|Ram Gopal Rawat
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[Upendra Singh Rawat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|2019^
| rowspan="2" |[[Gaurav Kumar (politician)|Gaurav Kumar Rawat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}
^ byelection

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Zaidpur<ref name="results2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Gaurav Kumar (politician)|Gaurav Kumar Rawat]]
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:113558}}
|percentage = 40.86
|change = +5.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Amrish Rawat
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:110576}}
|percentage = 39.79
|change = +6.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Tanuj Punia]]
|votes = {{formatnum:28689}}
|percentage = 10.32
|change = -9.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Usha Singh
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:18400}}
|percentage = 6.62
|change = -1.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Akash Kumar Diwan
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|votes = {{formatnum:3072}}
|percentage = 1.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1761}}
|percentage = 0.63
|change = -0.07
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:2982}}
|percentage = 1.07
|change = -0.81
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:277908}}
|percentage = 70.0
|change = +12.68
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019 bypoll===
{{Election box begin | title=By-election, 2019: Zaidpur<ref name="By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |title=By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |accessdate=9 January 2024 |date=25 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109071426/https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |archivedate=9 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Gaurav Kumar (politician)|Gaurav Kumar Rawat]]
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 78,172
|percentage = 35.28
|change = +33.57
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Amrish Rawat
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 74,007
|percentage = 33.40
|change = -9.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Tanuj Punia]]
|votes = 43,983
|percentage = 19.85
|change = -12.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Akhilesh Ambedkar
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 18,202
|percentage = 8.21
|change = -10.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Kailash Bahadur
|party = Peace Party of India
|votes = 3,390
|percentage = 1.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = 1,550
|percentage = 0.70
|change = -0.47
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 4,165
|percentage = 1.88
|change = -9.51
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,21,578
|percentage = 58.32
|change = -11.58
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===

{{Election box begin|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Zaidpur<ref name="results2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Upendra Singh Rawat]]
|votes = {{formatnum:111064}}
|percentage = 43.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Tanuj Punia]]
|votes = {{formatnum:81883}}
|percentage = 31.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Kumari Meeta Gautam
|votes = {{formatnum:48095}}
|percentage = 18.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Ram Gopal Rawat
|votes = {{formatnum:4383}}
|percentage = 1.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Kunj Bihari
|votes = {{formatnum:2505}}
|percentage = 0.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2968}}
|percentage = 1.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:29181}}
|percentage = 11.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:256287}}
|percentage = 69.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Zaidpur]]

==Notes==
<references/>

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|26.83|81.33|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Barabanki district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Bamori Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:23:49Z

Piniteinfra: Started info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bamori
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 28
| map_image = 28-Bamori.svg
| mla = Rishi Agarwal
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Guna district|Guna]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Guna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Guna]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Mahendra Singh Sisodia]]
}}

'''Bamori Assembly constituency''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/DACList.aspx|title=District/Assembly List|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=13 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201083311/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/(S(4ftawu55w1soru45gswzuz55))/DACList.aspx|archive-date=1 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> This constituency came into existence in 2008, following the [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] of the Legislative Assembly constituencies and covers mostly the area earlier covered by the erstwhile [[Guna Assembly constituency|Guna]] and [[Shadora Assembly constituency|Shadora]] constituencies before delimitation.

==Overview==
Bamori (constituency number 28) is one of the 4 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in [[Guna district]]. This constituency covers part of Guna and Bamori [[tehsil]] of the district.<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=228, 250}}</ref>

Bamori is part of [[Guna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Guna Lok Sabha constituency]] along with seven other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely, [[Guna Assembly constituency|Guna]] in this district, [[Shivpuri Assembly constituency|Shivpuri]], [[Pichhore Assembly constituency|Pichhore]] and [[Kolaras Assembly constituency|Kolaras]] in [[Shivpuri district]] and [[Ashok Nagar Assembly constituency|Ashok Nagar]], [[Chanderi Assembly constituency|Chanderi]] and [[Mungaoli Assembly constituency|Mungaoli]] in [[Ashoknagar district]].<ref name="ceo"/>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
!Election!!Member<ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=(Madhya Pradesh) Assembly Constituency Elections|url=http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/karera.html|website=elections.in|access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref>!!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| Kanhaiyalal Rameshwar Agarwal
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|rowspan=3| [[Mahendra Singh Sisodia]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2020 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections|2020]]^
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Rishi Agarwal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

^ By Poll

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bamori<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Rishi Agrawal
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:93708}}
|percentage = 51.19
|change = +21.78
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Mahendra Singh Sisodia]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:78912}}
|percentage = 43.11
|change = -18.89
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Manisha Rajesh Singh Dhakad
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:3496}}
|percentage = 1.91
|change = -1.40
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2064}}
|percentage = 1.13
|change = -0.13
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:14796}}
|percentage = 8.08
|change = -24.51
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:183044}}
|percentage = 81.32
|change = +2.20
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2020 bypolls===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2020 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections]]: Bamori<ref name=byelection2020>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12753-bye-elections-2020-parliamentary-and-assemblies/ |title=Bye Elections 2020 (Parliamentary and Assemblies) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=25 January 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Mahendra Singh Sisodia]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,01,124
|percentage = 62.00
|change = +38.41
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kanhaiyalal Rameshwar Agarwal
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 47,971
|percentage = 29.41
|change = -12.13
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ramesh Dawar
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 5,391
|percentage = 3.31
|change = -1.30
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Manohar Mirota
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = 1,983
|percentage = 1.22
|change = -0.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2,058
|percentage = 1.26
|change = +0.53
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 53,153
|percentage = 32.59
|change = +14.64
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 163,110
|percentage = 79.12
|change = -0.48
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|loser = Indian National Congress
|winner=Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bamori<ref name="election2018"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Mahendra Singh Sisodia]]
|votes = {{formatnum:64598}}
|percentage = 41.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Brijmohan Singh Azad
|votes = {{formatnum:36678}}
|percentage = 23.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Kanhaiyalal Rameshwar Agrawal
|votes = {{formatnum:28488}}
|percentage = 18.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Omprakash Tripathi
|votes = {{formatnum:7176}}
|percentage = 4.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ramswaroop Bhil
|votes = {{formatnum:4281}}
|percentage = 2.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Suman Devi Yogendra Sharma
|votes = {{formatnum:3383}}
|percentage = 2.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Devendra Kumar Upadhyay
|votes = {{formatnum:3111}}
|percentage = 2.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Guddi Bai Lodha
|votes = {{formatnum:1644}}
|percentage = 1.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1132}}
|percentage = 0.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:27920}}
|percentage = 17.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:155495}}
|percentage = 79.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|M. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2013]]: Bamori }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Mahendra Singh Sisodia]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 71,804
|percentage = 50.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Kanhaiyalal Rameshwar Agarwal
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 53,243
|percentage = 37.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Ramesh Dawar
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 5,946
|percentage = 4.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Yogendra Sharma
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = 2931
|percentage = 2.07
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Hemant Singh Kushwah
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1295
|percentage = 0.92
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2568
|percentage = 1.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,41,345
|percentage = 77.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Guna district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|24.15|77.02|display=title}}

[[Category:Guna district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Sailana Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T08:40:29Z

Piniteinfra: added first data added tags

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sailana
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 221
| map_image = 221-Sailana.svg
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Ratlam district|Ratlam]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Ratlam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ratlam]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Kamleshwar Dodiyar]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Harsh Vijay Gehlot
}}
'''Sailana''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name=ceo1>{{cite web|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/DACList.aspx|title=District/Assembly List|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=3 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201083311/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/(S(4ftawu55w1soru45gswzuz55))/DACList.aspx|archive-date=1 December 2015}}</ref> This constituency came into existence in 1951 as one of the 79 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the erstwhile [[Madhya Bharat]] state. It was abolished in 1956 but again came into existence in 1961. This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the [[Adivasi|Scheduled tribes]] since its inception.<ref name=eci1>{{cite web|url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Bharat|page=4|publisher=Election Commission of India website}}</ref>

==Overview==
Sailana (constituency number 221) is one of the 5 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in [[Ratlam district]]. This constituency covers the entire Bajna and Sailana [[tehsil]]s of this district.<ref name="eci2">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=248, 252}}</ref>

Sailana is part of [[Ratlam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ratlam Lok Sabha constituency]] along with seven other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely, [[Ratlam Rural Assembly constituency|Ratlam Rural]] and [[Ratlam City Assembly constituency|Ratlam City]] in this district, [[Alirajpur Assembly constituency|Alirajpur]] and [[Jobat Assembly constituency|Jobat]] in [[Alirajpur district]] and [[Jhabua Assembly constituency|Jhabua]], [[Thandla Assembly constituency|Thandla]] and [[Petlawad Assembly constituency|Petlawad]] in [[Jhabua district]].<ref name="eci2"/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Laxmansingh Jhitra
| {{Full party name with color|Socialist Party (India)}}
|-
| [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |Prabhudayal Gehlot
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Kamji Gamira
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |Prabhudayal Gehlot
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Kamji Gamira
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Lahling Devra
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| rowspan="3" |Prabhudayal Gehlot
| {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name=ceom>{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha General Elections - 2008 (in Hindi)|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/OtherLinks/Election_Result_2008.pdf|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=3 June 2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|Sangeeta Charel
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2018">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|Harsh Vijay Gehlot
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Kamleshwar Dodiyar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Sailana<ref name="election2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-polls-2023/story/madhya-pradesh-election-bjp-second-candidate-list-shivraj-singh-chouhan-2440421-2023-09-25|title=3 Union ministers feature in BJP's second list for Madhya Pradesh polls|work=India Today|accessdate=25 September 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Kamleshwar Dodiyar]]
|party = Bharat Adivasi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:71219}}
|percentage = 37.36
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Harsh Vijay Gehlot
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:66601}}
|percentage = 34.93
|change = {{decrease}}9.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sangeeta Charel
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:41584}}
|percentage = 21.81
|change = {{decrease}}5.6
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Suraj Bhabhar
|votes = {{formatnum:2404}}
|percentage = 1.26
|change = {{increase}}0.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2580}}
|percentage = 1.35
|change = {{decrease}}0.76
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:4618}}
|percentage = 2.43
|change = {{decrease}}14.89
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:190650}}
|percentage = 90.73
|change = {{increase}}1.73
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharat Adivasi Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Sailana<ref name=election2018 name="election2018-1">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="election2018"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Harsh Vijay Gehlot "Guddu"
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:73597}}
|percentage = 44.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Narayan Maida
|votes = {{formatnum:45099}}
|percentage = 27.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Kamleshwar Dodiyar]]
|party = Independent
|votes = {{formatnum:18726}}
|percentage = 11.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Loktantrik Janta Dal
|candidate = Vijay Hari Vijay
|votes = {{formatnum:11525}}
|percentage = 7.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = Kalusingh Bhabhar
|votes = {{formatnum:2704}}
|percentage = 1.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Pavan Charapota
|votes = {{formatnum:2455}}
|percentage = 1.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Jalam Sih Ninama
|votes = {{formatnum:1543}}
|percentage = 0.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Suraj Bhabhar
|votes = {{formatnum:1537}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3477}}
|percentage = 2.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:28498}}
|percentage = 17.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:164520}}
|percentage = 89.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = BJP
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha]]
* [[Sailana]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|23.46|74.93|display=title}}

[[Category:Ratlam district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

Navjot Kaur (field hockey)

2026-04-13T03:27:46Z

Piniteinfra: Stub - done

{{short description|Indian field hockey player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Navjot Kaur
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1995|3|7|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kurukshetra]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Navjot Kaur reaches milestone of 100 outings for India |url=http://zeenews.india.com/hockey/navjot-kaur-reaches-milestone-of-100-outings-for-india-2006754.html |accessdate=10 October 2017 |work=[[Zee News]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] (PTI) |date=20 May 2017 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20170910021929/http://zeenews.india.com/hockey/navjot-kaur-reaches-milestone-of-100-outings-for-india-2006754.html |archivedate=10 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Haryana, India
| height = 1.67 m
| weight = 53 kg
| position = Forward
| currentclub = [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
| years1 =
| clubs1 = [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| nationalyears1 = 2012–2022
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 = 209
| nationalgoals1 = 18
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Field hockey at the 2018 Asian Games|2018 Jakarta]]|[[Field hockey at the 2018 Asian Games – Women|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Field hockey at the 2014 Asian Games|2014 Incheon]]|[[Field hockey at the 2014 Asian Games – Women|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2017 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2017 Gifu]]|}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2022 Muscat]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Asian Champions Trophy|Asian Champions Trophy]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2016 Women's Asian Champions Trophy|2016 Singapore]]|}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2018 Asian Women's Hockey Champions Trophy|2018 Donghae]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup|FIH Nations Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup|2022 Spain]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Hockey Junior World Cup|Junior World Cup]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2013 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup|2013 Mönchengladbach]]|}}
}}

'''Navjot Kaur''' (born 7 March 1995) is an Indian [[field hockey]] player. She was part of the [[Field hockey at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's team squads|Indian Women's Hockey team]] in the [[2016 Summer Olympics]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/ht-youth-forum-2017-navjot-kaur-among-top-30-under-30/story-sHuEJ2Iv5pTRKRRU97hPNP.html |title=Hindustan times |date=25 August 2015 |publisher=[[India Today]] |accessdate=17 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hockeyindia.org/team/navjot-kaur-sr-2.html |title=Navjot Kaur |publisher=Hockey India |accessdate=17 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817152044/http://hockeyindia.org/team/navjot-kaur-sr-2.html |archive-date=17 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Early life==
She was born in Kurukshetra, Haryana.<ref name=":0" /> Her father is a Mechanic and her mother is a home-maker. "They are fully aware what the Olympics mean and are eagerly awaiting the day when I will take the field in Rio”, said Navjot Kaur.<ref name="indiatoday.in">{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/upcoming-hockey-player-navjot-kaur-290240-2015-08-25 |title=Upcoming hockey player Navjot Kaur eyes Junior World cup title |website=India Today |date=25 August 2015 |language=en |access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref>

==Career==
She was trained for hockey in Baldev Singh's academy in Shahbad.<ref name="indiatoday.in"/> In one of her first tournaments at the U-19 level, she was the top-scorer.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/spectrum/society/chak-de-all-over-again/499721.html |title=Tribune India |access-date=28 July 2018 |archive-date=28 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728131529/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/spectrum/society/chak-de-all-over-again/499721.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> She has participated in more than a 100 international matches, representing India. In 2012, Kaur entered the International world of Hockey, playing against New Zealand after proving her talent in various Junior Leagues such as Junior Asia Cup, International U-21 tournament in the Netherlands, etc.<ref name="Sify">{{Cite news |url=http://www.sify.com/sports/midfielder-navjot-kaur-completes-100-international-caps-for-india-news-hockey-rftkMWebagcie.html |title=Midfielder Navjot Kaur completes 100 international caps for India |work=Sify |access-date=28 July 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728132924/http://www.sify.com/sports/midfielder-navjot-kaur-completes-100-international-caps-for-india-news-hockey-rftkMWebagcie.html |archive-date=28 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

When Kaur completed her 100@th match, Md. Mushtaque Ahmad, the Secretary General of Hockey India, commented, “Navjot is a talented young player. She has proved her place in the team with several important performances and I congratulate her on completing her 100th international cap today. She has been an inspiration for young, budding players who are aspiring to take up hockey professionally."<ref name="Sify"/>

Kaur belonged to the team that performed well at the Hockey World League Semifinals in 2015, which enabled India to enter Olympics. She also participated in the 17th Asian Games, 2016 Rio Olympics and the 4th Women's Asian Champions Trophy. She also played a role in India's campaign at the Women's Hockey World League Round 2 in Canada.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.sportstarlive.com/hockey/navjot-kaur-gets-to-landmark-of-100-matches/article18503012.ece |title=Navjot Kaur reaches landmark of 100 matches |work=Sportstarlive |access-date=28 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

In the Asian World Cup, Navjot Kaur successfully scored five goals, not including the penalty shootouts. She netted two goals against Singapore, but none against Kazakhstan. She played vigorously and scored against Japan.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://scroll.in/field/856904/from-gurjit-kaur-to-savita-punia-four-players-who-impressed-during-indias-asia-cup-triumph |title=From Gurjit Kaur to Savita Punia: Four players who impressed during India's Asia Cup triumph |author=Scroll Staff |work=Scroll.in |access-date=28 July 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> She also netted a crucial goal against China again in the finals which was a game-changer as it was the only goal that was shot in the game and led the team to win 1–0.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/india-beat-china-to-win-womens-asia-cup-hockey-title-qualify-for-2018-world-cup/articleshow/61518182.cms |title=India beat China to win women's Asia Cup hockey title, qualify for 2018 World Cup – Times of India |work=The Times of India |access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref> She said, "All the players were very excited as it was a big final against China. I did score the first goal, which was important as it helped us take the lead but the goal was a team effort."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/hockey/womens-world-cup-2018-rankings-do-not-matter-in-modern-hockey-says-navjot-kaur |title=Women's World Cup 2018: 'Rankings do not matter in modern hockey' says attacking midfielder Navjot Kaur |date=15 July 2018 |access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref>

She used to play as a midfielder but later she shifted to the forward line. According to Navjot, "My role hasn’t changed much because I was an attacking midfielder. But now I get more scoring opportunities.”<ref name=":1"/>

Not only was she the highest scorer among the forwards, but she was also selected as the Player of the Match in the final.<ref name=":1" />

==Personal life==
Her hobbies include music and painting.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://results.gc2018.com/en/hockey/athlete-profile-n6006447-navjot-kaur.htm |title=Profile |website=results.gc2018.com |access-date=28 July 2018 |archive-date=28 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728131539/https://results.gc2018.com/en/hockey/athlete-profile-n6006447-navjot-kaur.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/ht-youth-forum-2017-navjot-kaur-among-top-30-under-30/story-sHuEJ2Iv5pTRKRRU97hPNP.html |title=Hockey champ Navjot Kaur from Shahbad among Top 30 Under 30 |date=23 May 2017 |work=hindustantimes.co |access-date=28 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

Her inspirations include Jasjeet Kaur and Rani Rampal.<ref name=":0" /> Her favourite player is Jamie Dwyer, an Australian hockey player, who she met during the Olympics.<ref name=":2" /> She considers her father to be the biggest influence in her life. According to her, “He always supports me and is there for me.”<ref name=":2" />

Kaur believes that corruption, casteism, and lack of education to all, are the main challenges that India is facing today.<ref name=":3" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{sports links}}
*[https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/navjot-kaur-profile-270 Navjot Kaur] at [[Hockey India]]

{{Navboxes
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaur, Navjot}}
[[Category:Indian women's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Olympic field hockey players for India]]
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[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in field hockey]]

Nisar Bazmi

2026-04-11T12:13:04Z

Piniteinfra:

{{Short description|Film music composer (1924 - 2007)}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nisar Bazmi
| image = File:Nisar_Bazmi.jpg
| caption =
| image_size =
| birth_name = Syed Nisar Ahmed
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1924|12|1}}
| birth_place = [[Jalgaon]], [[Khandesh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age |df=yes|2007|3|22|1924|1|1}}}}
| death_place = [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], Pakistan
| occupation = Composer & music director of films
| years_active = 1944 – 2007
| awards = [[Pride of Performance]] Award by the [[President of Pakistan]] in 1994 Won 5 [[Nigar Awards]] during his long career
}}
'''Nisar Bazmi''' (1 December 1924 – 22 March 2007) was a composer and music director of Indian and [[Pakistan]] film industry.<ref name=Dawn>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/238828/nisar-bazmi-passes-away|title=Nisar Bazmi passes away (obituary and profile)|newspaper= Dawn newspaper|date=23 March 2007|access-date=5 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211112443/https://www.dawn.com/news/238828/nisar-bazmi-passes-away|archive-date=11 December 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=RadioPakistan>{{cite web|url=https://www.radio.gov.pk/22-03-2024/death-anniversary-of-nisar-bazmi-being-observed-today|url-status=dead|date=22 March 2024|archive-date=22 March 2024|access-date=5 August 2024|website=Radio Pakistan website|title=Death anniversary of Nisar Bazmi being observed today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322043527/https://www.radio.gov.pk/22-03-2024/death-anniversary-of-nisar-bazmi-being-observed-today}}</ref>

Nisar Bazmi was known as one of the accomplished musicians of South Asia. He also introduced new singers like [[Alamgir (pop singer)|Alamgir]] and [[Mehnaz Begum]]. The duo of composers [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]] were musicians with Bazmi in [[India]] before the [[Partition of India|partition]]. Bazmi is primarily remembered for his compositions in the voice of playback singer [[Ahmed Rushdi]].<ref name=cineplot/>

==Early life and career==
Syed Nisar Ahmed, was the son of Syed Qudrat Ali. He was born in 1924 in [[Jalgaon]] in [[Khandesh]] area of [[Maharashtra]] state, India.<ref name=RadioPakistan/> He did not belong to an artistic family. In fact, his family was extremely poor. He had to join Yasin Khan's [[Qawwali|Qawwali Group]], a noted Qawwal in [[Mumbai]] at that time, as 'humnawa' (companion) at age 11.<ref name=Dawn1/>

He possessed no prior musical background. In the late 1930s, a prominent Indian musician of Bombay, Khan Saheb Aman Ali Khan was convinced by Nisar Bazmi's musical interest and taught him music for four years.<ref name=Dawn1/> Equipped with artistic know-how, young Nisar Bazmi, who was just 13 at the time, quickly mastered the various ragas and the musical instruments. In 1939, the [[All India Radio]] hired him as an artist.<ref name=RadioPakistan/><ref name=cineplot/> In 1944, he composed some songs for a drama, "Nadir Shah Durrani", which was broadcast from the Bombay Radio Station. The songs were sung by [[Rafiq Ghaznavi]] and [[Amirbai Karnataki]]. After this initial success, Nisar Bazmi "started earning 50 rupees a month - a respectable salary in those days."<ref name=Dawn1/><ref name=cineplot/>

===In India===
Nisar Bazmi composed music for film "Jamana Paar", which was released in 1946.<ref name=RadioPakistan/> At this time, he also changed his name to Nisar Bazmi.<ref name=RadioPakistan/><ref name=Dawn/><ref name=cineplot/> He composed music for forty films in India. Twenty eight films were released during his stay in India.<ref name=Dawn/> The rest of the movies were released in India after he emigrated to Pakistan.<ref name=cineplot/><ref name=RadioPakistan/>

===In Pakistan===
Nisar Bazmi came to visit his relatives in Pakistan in 1962.<ref name=cineplot/> Here he met veteran film producer [[Fazal Ahmad Karim Fazli]] who invited him to compose music for Pakistani films. "Mr Bazmi accepted the offer and decided to settle in Pakistan."<ref name=Dawn1/>

His first song in Pakistan was "Mohabbat mei tere sar ki qasam" (singers, Ahmed Rushdi, Noor Jahan) for the 1964 film "Aisa bhi hota hai". He also composed many songs for [[Runa Laila]], [[Ahmed Rushdi]], [[Mehdi Hassan]], Naheed Akhtar Faisal Nadeem, Khursheed Nurali (Sheerazi), and Saleem Shahzaad. He had trained many of the modern composers. His closest student/assistant was [[Badar uz Zaman]], the famous classical singer and composer, who remained associated with him for 18 years. Nisar Bazmi received many Nigar Awards for his achievements and composed music for 140 films in all during his career.<ref name=Dawn1>{{cite news |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/239613/nisar-bazmi-accomplished-music-director |title=Nisar Bazmi: accomplished music director |author=Shaikh Aziz |date=28 March 2007 |newspaper=Dawn newspaper |access-date=5 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425223009/https://www.dawn.com/news/239613/nisar-bazmi-accomplished-music-director|archive-date=25 April 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Music and popular film songs of Nisar Bazmi==

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Film Song !!Singers !!Song Lyrics By !!Film and year
|-
|""Mohabbat Mei Tere Sar Ki Qasam"
|[[Ahmed Rushdi]], [[Noor Jehan]]
|[[Masroor Anwar]]
|film Aisa Bhi Hota Hai (1965)
|-
|"Ho Tamanna Aur Kya Jaan-E-Tamanna Aap Hain"<ref name=Dawn1/>
|[[Noor Jehan]]
|Masroor Anwar
|film Aisa Bhi Hota Hai (1965)<ref name=Dawn1/>
|-
|"Shama Ka Shola Bharak Raha He, Dil Perwan Dharak Raha He"
|Mala
|[[Mushir Kazmi]]
|film Aadil (1966)
|-
|"Chalo Achha Hua Tum Bhool Gaye"<ref name=Dawn1/>
|Noor Jehan
|[[Fayyaz Hashmi]]
|film [[Lakhon Mein Aik]] (1967)<ref name=cineplot/><ref name=Dawn1/>
|-
|'Bari Mushkil Se Hoa Tera Mera Saath Piya"
|Noor Jehan
|[[Tanvir Naqvi]]
|film Lakhon Me Aik (1967)
|-
|"Yun Zindagi Ki Rah Me, Takta Gaya Koi"
|Mehdi Hasan
|Masroor Anwar
|fim Aag (1967)
|-
|"Mausam Haseen He Laikin, Tum Sa Haseen Nahi He"
|Ahmed Rushdi
|Masroor Anwar
|film Aag (1967)
|-
|"Ïk Sitam Aur Meri Jan, Abhi Jan Baqi He"
|Mehdi Hasan
|Masroor Anwar
|film [[Saiqa (film)|Saiqa]] (1968)<ref name=Dawn1/>
|-
|"Ae Baharon Gawah Rehna"
|Ahmed Rushdi
|Masroor Anwar
|film Saiqa (1968)
|-
|"Aisey Bhi Hain Meharban"<ref name=Dawn/>
|[[Ahmed Rushdi]]
|Masroor Anwar
|film Jaisay Jaantay Nahin (1969)
|-
|"Mausam Haseen Hai Laikin Tum Sa Haseen Nahin Hai"
|[[Ahmed Rushdi]], [[Mala (Pakistani singer)|Mala]]
|Masroor Anwar
|film Jaisay Jaantay Nahin (1969)<ref name=cineplot/><ref name=Dawn1/>
|-
|"Kuchh Loag Rooth Kar Bhi Lagte Hain Kitne Pyaare"<ref name=Dawn1/>
|Noor Jehan
|Masroor Anwar
|film [[Andaleeb (film)|Andaleeb]] (1969)<ref name=cineplot/>
|-
|"Mein Teray Ajnabi Shehar Mein, Dhoondta Phir Raha Hoo Tujhe"
|Mujeeb Alam
|Masroor Anwar
|fim Shama Aur Perwana (1970)
|-
|"Mein Tera Sheher Chorr Jaoon Ga"
|Mujeeb Alam
|[[Saifuddin Saif]]
|fim Shama Aur Perwana (1970)<ref name=Dawn1/>
|-
|"Ranjish Hi Sahi"<ref name=Dawn/>
|Mehdi Hassan
|[[Ahmad Faraz]]
|film [[Mohabbat (1972 film)|Mohabbat]] (1972)
|-
|"Yeh Mehfil Jo Aaj Saji He, Is Mehfil Me He Koi Humsa"
|[[Tahira Syed]]
|Qateel Shifai
|film Mohabbat (1972)
|-
|"Mohay Aaii Na Jag Say Laaj, Mein Itna Zor Say Naachi Aaj, Ke Ghunghroo Toot Gaey"
|[[Mala (Pakistani singer)|Mala]]
|[[Qateel Shifai]]
|film Naz (1969)
|-
|"Mere Dil Ki Mehfil Saja Deinay Waley"
|[[Ahmed Rushdi]], [[Noor Jehan]]
|Masroor Anwar
|film [[Andaleeb (film)|Andaleeb]] (1969)
|-
|"Lag Rahi Hai Mujhey Aaj Sari Fiza Ajnabi"
|[[Ahmed Rushdi]]
|Masroor Anwar
|[[Anjuman (1970 film)|Anjuman]] (1970)<ref name=cineplot/>
|-
|"Hoey Hoey Dil Dharkay, Mein Tum Say Yeh Kaisay Kahun, Kehti Hai Meri Nazar Shukria"
|[[Runa Laila]]
|Masroor Anwar
|[[Anjuman (1970 film)|Anjuman]] (1970)
|-
|"Aap Dil Ki Anjuman Me, Husn Ban ker Aa Gai"
|Runa Laila
|Masroor Anwar
|Anjuman (1970)
|-
|"Izhaar Bhi Mushkil He, Kuch Keh Bhi Nahi Sakte"
|Noor Jahan
|Saifuddin Saif
|Anjum (1970)
|-
|"Ik Husn Ki Devi Se Mujhe Pyar Hoa Tha"
|Mehdi Hassan
|Shevan Rizvi
|film Meri Zindagi He Naghma (1972)<ref name=Dawn1/>
|-
|" Katay Na Kuttay Re Ratya Saiyan Intizar Me"<ref name=Dawn/>
|[[Runa Laila]]
|[[Saifuddin Saif]]
|film [[Umrao Jaan Ada (film)|Umrao Jan Ada]] (1972)<ref name=Dawn1/>
|-
|"Mane Na Bairi Balma, Oo Mora Man Tarpae"
|Runa Laila, Irene Perveen
|Saifudddin Saif
|film Umrao Jan Ada (1972)
|-
|"Jo Bacha Tha, Woh Lutanay KeLie Aye Hein"
|Noor Jahan
|Saifuddin Saif
|film Umrao Jan Ada (1972)
|-
|"Bol Ri Gurria Bol Zara"<ref name=Dawn/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1707099/playlist-immortalised-in-song|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 September 2022|access-date=5 August 2024|title=PLAYLIST: IMMORTALIZED IN SONG|newspaper=Dawn newspaper|author=Muhammad Suhayb|date=28 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903231045/https://www.dawn.com/news/1707099/playlist-immortalised-in-song}}</ref>
|[[Nayyara Noor]]
|Masroor Anwar
|film [[Aas (film)|Aas]] (1973)<ref name=cineplot/>
|-
|"Sanwaray, Jia Tarpay, Nena Barsay"
|Noor Jehan
|Fayyaz Hashmi
|film Naag Mani (1972)
|-
|"Sanwaray, Mo Se Preet Nibhana Re"
|Noor Jehan
|Fayyaz Hashmi
|film Naag Mani (1972)
|-
|"Hum Chalay To Humaray, Sang Sang Nazare Chale"
|Alamgir
|Masroor Anwar
|fil Jageer (1975)
|-
|"Allah Hee Allah Kia Karo"<ref name=Dawn1/>
|Naheed Akhtar
|[[Masroor Anwar]]
|film [[Pehchan (1975 film)|Pehchan]] (1975)<ref name=Dawn1/>
|-
|'Mera Pyar Tere Jeewan Ke Sang Rahe Ga"
|Mehdi Hasan
|Masroor Anwar
|film Pehchan (1975)
|-
|"Pyar Ki Yaad Nigaho Mein Sajaaye Rakhna"
|Naheed Akhtar
|Masroor Anwar
|film Talash (1975)
|}

* "Mohabbat Mein Tere Sar Ki Qasam Aisa Bhi Hota Hai" was his first big hit film song in [[Pakistan]].

==Awards and recognition==
*[[Pride of Performance]] Award in 1994 by the [[President of Pakistan]]<ref name=Dawn1/>
*[[Nigar Award]] - Nisar Bazmi won 'Best Music Director' award five times for different films<ref name=Dawn1/><ref name=cineplot>{{cite web|url=http://cineplot.com/nisar-bazmi/ |title= Profile of Nisar Bazmi|website= Cineplot.com website|date= 29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011062549/http://cineplot.com/nisar-bazmi/|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 October 2011| access-date= 21 April 2022}}</ref>

==Death and legacy==
Nisar Bazmi died on 22 March 2007 in [[Karachi]] and was buried the next day near his residence in North Karachi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Legendary music composer, director Nisar Bazmi remembered |publisher=Dunya News (Pakistani TV Channel) website |url=http://dunyanews.tv/en/Entertainment/432354-Legendary-music-composer-director-Nisar-Bazmi-remembered |date=22 March 2018 |access-date=5 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216012545/https://dunyanews.tv/en/Entertainment/432354-Legendary-music-composer-director-Nisar-Bazmi-remembered|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 December 2023}}</ref><ref name=cineplot/><ref name=RadioPakistan/>

A major Pakistani English-language newspaper commented after his death, "In the death of Nisar Bazmi, students of music in Pakistan have lost an opportunity to benefit from the experience of a virtuoso who scored 140 films in all."<ref name=Dawn1/>

<blockquote>
"Nisar Bazmi was a thorough professional and a man of rare imagination. He used to study the storyline and the setting of a film before composing the music for a song."<ref name=Dawn1/>
</blockquote>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0063358}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20181229031438/https://www.citwf.com/person26193.htm Nisar Bazmi Filmography on Complete Index To World Film (CITWF) website - Archived]
*<nowiki>https://www.dawn.com/news/1620128</nowiki>

{{Pride of Performance for Arts}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bazmi, Nisar}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Nigar Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani film score composers]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani male singers]]
[[Category:People from Jalgaon]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pride of Performance]]
[[Category:Musicians from Karachi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:All India Radio people]]
[[Category:Hindi film score composers]]

Gondwana kingdoms

2026-04-02T20:40:37Z

Piniteinfra: Created The Details W/ Infobox

{{Short description|14th–18th century states in Gondwana, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}

The '''Gondwana Kingdoms''' ruled the [[Gondwana (India)|Gondwana]] region of India. The Gondwana region includes the core region of the eastern part of the [[Vidarbha]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[Garha Kingdom]], parts of [[Madhya Pradesh]] immediately to the north of it, and parts of western [[Chhattisgarh]]. The wider region includes parts of northern [[Telangana]], western [[Odisha]] and southern [[Uttar Pradesh]].

== History ==
The Gonds were first mentioned in 14th-century Muslim chronicles.

The Gondwana kingdom initially consisted of four kingdoms —
# Northern Gondwana was [[Garha Kingdom|Garha Katanga]] or Garha Mandla Kingdom of [[Jabalpur]] and
# Southern Gondwana was [[Kingdom of Chanda|Chanda Kingdom]] of [[Chandrapur]].
# Western Gondwana was [[Kingdom of Kherla|Kherla Kingdom]] of [[Betul, Madhya Pradesh|Betul]] and

=== Deogad-Nagpur Kingdom ===
{{Main|Gonds of Deogarh}}

The second kingdom of Deogad (Chhindwada in Madhya Pradesh and [[Nagpur]] in [[Maharashtra]]), was created by King Jatba in the 15th century.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kale |first=Yogesh |date=2022-09-01 |title=History history and archeology of nagpur gond kingdom (deogarh) page 1 |url=http://www.nagpurpeople.in/NagpurHistory/History/history-and-archeology-of-nagpur/gond-kingdom-(deogarh)/-/1.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921211544/http://www.nagpurpeople.in/NagpurHistory/History/history-and-archeology-of-nagpur/gond-kingdom-(deogarh)/-/1.aspx |archive-date=2023-09-21 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.nagpurpeople.in}}</ref> One of his successors, [[Bakht Buland Shah]], converted to Islam to win the favour of emperor [[Aurangzeb]] . However, he did not demand conversion from his subjects and married a Gond woman. He fell into disfavour in Delhi after he plundered some Muslim kingdoms of [[Deccan sultanates|Deccan]]. The city of [[Nagpur]] was founded by the king of Deogad Raja Bakht Buland Shah in 1702. The kingdom of Nagpur and later came under the rule of the Nagpur [[Nagpur kingdom|Bhonsles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2019 |title=Chronicles of Gonds and Bhosles of Nagpur |url=https://www.indiaheritagewalks.org/chronicles-gonds-and-bhosles-nagpur |access-date=2020-12-30 |website=India Heritage Walks |language=en}}</ref>

=== Chanda Kingdom ===
{{Main|Kingdom of Chanda}}

The 10th ruler of the Gond dynasty of Chanda, Khadkya Ballal Shah (1472–1497 CE), made [[Chandrapur]] his capital.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandrapur's Royal Gond Legacy |url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/amazing-india/2019/10/06/chandrapurs-royal-gond-legacy |access-date=2020-12-30 |website=www.livehistoryindia.com |language=en}}</ref> The Chanda kingdom (Chandrapur in Maharashtra), a contemporary of the Kherla and Deogadh kingdoms, produced rulers who developed excellent irrigation systems and the first well-defined revenue system among the Gond kingdoms.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2014 |title=The Gond kingdoms |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/the-gond-kingdoms-46701 |access-date=2020-12-30 |website=www.downtoearth.org.in |language=en}}</ref>

=== Colonial period ===
Between 1818 and 1853 the greater part of the region passed to the British, although in some minor states the Raj Gonds continued to rule until Indian independence in 1947.

==Emblem ==
For over a millennium in South Asia, the visual trope of a triumphant lion vanquishing one or several elephants has been common in architectural sculpture, both in the round and in relief.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sohoni |first=Pushkar |date=2017 |title='Old fights, new meanings: Lions and elephants in combat' |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/691602 |journal=Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics |volume=67-68 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1086/691602 |s2cid=165605193 |issn=0277-1322|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Its presence has remained fairly stable through time although many minor variations survive, including the use of leonine creatures variously described as ''vyālas'' or ''yālīs'', and the incorporation of other fantastical creatures known popularly as ''makaras''. In South India, the myth of the fantastic composite animal called the Śarabha takes this imagery yet further. The image of a lion victorious over one or more elephants was situated strategically within certain architectural programs. For example, Gondwana Kingdom forts, Deccani forts constructed between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries, carried this representation on their barbicans and gateways.

== See also ==
* [[Dost Mohammad of Bhopal#Rani Kamlapati|Rani Kamlapati]], a Gond queen

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaGondwana.htm Kings of Gondwana]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120826021531/http://www.anwarscoincollection.com/category/ancient-coins-northern-southern-india/ Sangram Shah had issued some square coins.]}}
* {{cite book |editor=James Princep F.R.S.|date=August 1837 |title=The journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal |volume=6 part 2 |publisher=Calcutta :Bishop's College Press, 1832–1936 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123871#page/130/mode/1up |pages=621–647}}

[[Category:History of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:History of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:History of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:History of Telangana]]
[[Category:History of Odisha]]

Christian law of adoption in India

2026-03-30T21:01:18Z

Piniteinfra: Created a redirect

#REDIRECT [[Christian personal law#Adoption]] {{R from merge}}

[[Category:Adoption and Christianity]]

Delhi Gate, Arcot

2026-03-28T23:53:17Z

Piniteinfra: Created Initial Entry V1

{{Short description|Historical site in Ranipet district, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox historic site
| name = Delhi Gate, Arcot
| native_name =
| native_language =
| image = Delhi gate - river side view.jpg
| caption = Delhi Gate, Arcot
| type =
| mapframe = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|12.9075|N|79.3378|E|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Ranipet]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| area =
| built =
| architect =
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}}

'''Delhi Gate''' is part of the fortification of [[Arcot, Vellore|Arcot]], a town which is located on the banks of Palar river in [[Ranipet district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The gate was part of a fort built by [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] governor, [[Daud Khan Panni]], in the first half of the 18th century. It was the site of a memorable defense made by [[Robert Clive]] during the [[Siege of Arcot]].

==History==
{{Confusing section|date=March 2014}}
Historically, the region had been the site of number of battles. This prompted the construction of the fortress around Arcot.

In the year 1710, Mohammed Sayyid was the last mughal governor who was appointed as Nawab of [[Carnatic region|Karnatic]] with the title [[Saadatullah Khan I]]<ref>{{cite book | title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813 By Jaswant Lal Mehta|date = January 2005| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&q=about+Saadatullah+Khan+I&pg=PA161| publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn = 9781932705546}}</ref> and moved his capital from Gingee to Arcot.<ref>{{cite book | title=Madras, Chennai: A 400-year Record of the First City of Modern India, Volume 1|year = 2008| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbR_LLkqdI8C&q=Saadatullah+Khan+I&pg=PA122| publisher=Palaniappa Brothers|isbn = 9788183794688}}</ref>{{Why|date=March 2014}}

The prolonged disputes between the different dynasties fighting for the control of Arcot led to the arrival of the British and the French.{{Why|date=March 2014}} However the battle between British and French forces was only for control of [[south India]]. The capture and the defence of Arcot by handful of British troops and Sepoy under the command of [[Robert Clive]] against enormous forces was one of the most remarkable battles fought by the British. The siege lasted fifty days, ending 15 November 1751.

The Arcot Fort was part of the famous Battle of Arcot, which led to a British victory. One of the gates of the fort was renamed "Delhi Gate" to signify the beginning of the capture of Delhi. The entrance of the gate was constructed in the style of a [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] arch. Over the gate is Robert Clives room.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/Expo-at-fort-brings-alive-relics-of-past/2013/08/20/article1742447.ece#.UyNB2tL7C8A| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826105247/http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/Expo-at-fort-brings-alive-relics-of-past/2013/08/20/article1742447.ece#.UyNB2tL7C8A| url-status=dead| archive-date=26 August 2013| title= Expo at fort brings alive relics of past| date=20 August 2013| work=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title='Arcot' – The Reason We Speak English| url=http://whostory.wordpress.com/2013/02/07/arcot-the-reason-we-speak-english/| publisher=Whostory.wordpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=Delhi Gate Arcot Vellore| url=http://www.focloc.com/locations/districts/vellore/1699-delhi-gate-arcot-vellore.html| publisher=Focloc.com| access-date=14 March 2014| archive-date=3 March 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215006/http://www.focloc.com/locations/districts/vellore/1699-delhi-gate-arcot-vellore.html| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Robert Clive, 'Clive of India', wins the battle that is said to have begun British rule in India.| url=http://www.britishbattles.com/war-in-india/siege-arcot.htm| publisher=Britishbattles.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=The Delhi Gate: Arcot Vellore| url=http://www.team-bhp.com/forum/travelogues/60619-delhi-gate-arcot.html| publisher=Team BHP.com}}</ref>

The old red brick town walls which were part of the original fortification of Arcot were destroyed by [[Tippu Sultan]] in 1783, but the foundations can be still seen. Today, the remains of the tombs of [[Saadatullah Khan I]] and [[Jama Masjid]] are the silent witnesses to that period.

==Gallery==
{{center|
{{gallery
|Image:Delhi gate - side view.JPG|Delhi Gate - Side View
|Image:Delhi gate - road side view.JPG|Delhi Gate - Road Side View
|Image:Delhi Gate - panaroma.jpg|Delhi Gate View
}}}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Historic sites in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Ranipet district]]

{{Vellore-geo-stub}}

Irura mandarina

2026-03-20T16:26:40Z

Piniteinfra: creating entry - done

{{Short description|Species of spider}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Irura mandarina.jpg
| image_caption = A male ''Irura mandarina''
| taxon = Irura mandarina
| authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1903
}}

'''''Irura mandarina''''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Irura mandarina Simon, 1903 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/2177859 |access-date=2021-11-16 |website=www.gbif.org |publisher=[[GBIF]]}}</ref> also known as the '''goldenback jumping spider''', is a species of [[jumping spider]] found in [[China]], [[Vietnam]] and [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=NMBE - World Spider Catalog |url=https://wsc.nmbe.ch/reference/16035 |access-date=2021-11-16 |website=wsc.nmbe.ch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ITIS - Report: Irura mandarina |url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=881852#null |access-date=2021-11-16 |website=www.itis.gov |publisher=[[itis.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kadam |first1=Gautam |last2=Tripathi |first2=Rishikesh |last3=Jangid |first3=Ashish |last4=Sudhikumar |first4=Ambalaparambil |last5=Hill |first5=David |date=2021-08-14 |title=First records of the jumping spider genus Irura Peckham & Peckham 1901 (Araneae: Salticidae: Simaethina) from India. Peckhamia 243.1: 1-9. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353902701 |access-date=2021-11-16 |pages=1–9}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1891467}}

[[Category:Spiders described in 1903]]
[[Category:Salticidae]]
[[Category:Spiders of Asia]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Eugène Simon]]

{{Salticoida-stub}}

Anandavally

2026-03-16T21:59:53Z

Piniteinfra: Started post

{{short description|Indian actress (1952–2019)}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anandavally
| image = AnandavallyCR.jpg
| image_size = 220
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1952|01|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|04|05|1952|01|14|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram]]<ref name="Mathr">{{cite news |title=Dubbing artist Anandavally passes away |url=https://englisharchives.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/dubbing-artist-anandavally-passes-away-1.3704943 |publisher=english.mathrubhumi.com |date=5 April 2019}}</ref>
| occupation = {{hlist|Dubbing artist|actress|radio announcer}}
| years_active = 1969{{endash}}2019
| children = [[Diphan]] (son)<ref name="NIE">{{cite news |title=Puthiya Mukham director Diphan passes away after kidney failure in Kochi |date=13 March 2017 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/mar/13/puthiya-mukham-director-diphan-passes-away-after-kidney-failure-in-kochi-1580895.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-date=17 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917110646/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/mar/13/puthiya-mukham-director-diphan-passes-away-after-kidney-failure-in-kochi-1580895.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <nowiki>A.Anulekshmy (daughter)</nowiki>
}}

'''Anandavally C. R.''' (14 January 1952 {{endash}} 5 April 2019) was an Indian actress and dubbing artist, who predominantly worked in the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film industry]].<ref name="Mathr"/><ref>{{cite web |last=Lal |first=Athul |url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article267565.ece |title=Invisible Nightingale |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date= |access-date=2014-02-25 |archive-date=3 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303162651/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article267565.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> She has lent voice to over 5,000 characters in over 2,000 Malayalam movies. Anandavally was the woman behind the voice and one of the senior most dubbing artists in Malayalam cinema. In 1993 alone, Ananadavally dubbed for at least 2000 films, lending her voice to lead female characters. This continues to remain among the unbreakable records in Malayalam industry. The dubbing artist had given voice to most of [[Geetha (actress)]] characters in almost all the 50 films she acted in Malayalam. In 1993, Anandavally dubbed for [[Vinaya Prasad]] as Sridevi in [[Manichitrathazhu]], delivering the iconic dialogue "''Entha Ammava.''" Anandavally was the voice of many strong women characters of the 1980s and '90s, including the much-loved character of ''Clara'' that [[Sumalatha]] played in [[Thoovanathumbikal]]''.''

==Personal life==

Anandavally had two children: a son, [[Diphan]], who was a noted Mollywood director, best known for directing the hit film [[Puthiya Mukham]], and a daughter, Anulekshmy.

==Early life==
Anandavally was born to Raman pillai and Chembakakutty Amma at [[Veliyam]], Quilon. She did her schooling in "Kaiyela School" - Veliyam, where she began acting in school plays and later started [[Kadhaprasangam]] (story-telling performance) at the age of 13.

==Career==

===Drama artist===
Anandavally used to sing for dramas even while a teenager. But unexpectedly, her acting skills were put to test in front of a large audience during the drama "Chithalu Kayariya Bhoomi" in 1969. Then she started performing in several dramas of [[Kerala People's Arts Club|KPAC]], [[Kalidasa Kalakendram]], Deshabhimani Theaters-Attingal, Kerala Theaters-Kottayam and Kayamkulam Peoples Theaters.

===Radio===
She also worked as an announcer in the [[All India Radio]].

===Film actress===
[[File:Anandavally.jpg|thumb|right|270px|alt=|Anandavally]]
Her acting career began with [[Enippadikal (film)|Enippadikal]] (1971). She acted in nearly 50 films till [[Kaliveedu]](1996). Anandavally entered the film industry through the film [[Kaadu (1973 Malayalam film)]] and went on to act in below given films. She became interested in pursuing a career in the entertainment industry following a minor role in various Malayalam films, where she remained a regular until she decided to pursue a dubbing artist career.

===Dubbing artist===
She concentrated more on dubbing. Anandavally was one of the busiest dubbing artists during the golden ‘80s of Malayalam cinema.

In 1973, she debuted as a dubbing artist and gave sound for actress [[Rajasree]] in the film [[Devi Kanyakumari (film)|Devi Kanyakumari]]. In ''[[Manjil Virinja Pookkal]]'' Malayalam film she dubbed for [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]] which was the break through. Her dubbing for actress [[Swapna (actress)|Swapna]] in movies like [[Thrishna]] (1981) and [[Ahimsa (1981 film)]], [[Madhavi (actress)]] for [[Novemberinte Nashtam]] (1982) and [[Menaka (actress)]] (for various films including [[Engane Nee Marakkum]] (1983), [[Ambika (actress)]] (for movies including [[Rajavinte Makan]] (1986) and for [[Geetha (actress)]] (for films including [[Panchagni]] (1986) helped her in securing a prominent place in dubbing.

In 1993, she dubbed for [[Vinaya Prasad]] in the movie [[Manichitrathazhu]], directed by [[Fazil (director)]], for the character '''Sridevi'''. One of her most iconic dialogues from the film was '''"''Entha Ammava''"''', which became widely recognized.

Thereafter, Anandavally did not look back. She has dubbed for numerous Malayalam films. She gave her voice for several leading heroines, the list as [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]], [[Sumalatha]], [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]], [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]], [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvasi]], [[Jaya Prada|Jayapradha]], [[Karthika (Malayalam actress)|Karthika]], [[Parvathy Jayaram|Parvathy]], [[Gautami]], [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]], [[Shobana|Sobhana]], [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]], [[Saritha]], [[Silk Smitha|Silksmitha]], [[Suchitra]], [[Sharada (actress)|Sarada]], [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]], [[Bhanupriya]], [[Rekha Harris|Rekha]], [[Revathi]], [[Radha (actress)|Radha]], [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]], [[Ranjini (actress)|Renjini]], [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]], [[Nanditha Bose]], [[Vinaya Prasad|Vinayaprasad]], [[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]], [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]], [[Unni Mary]], [[Shanthi Krishna|Santhikrishna]] and so on. The [[Kerala State Film Awards]] for dubbing artist was instituted in 1991 and Anandavally won the award in 1992 for the Malayalam film [[Aadhaaram]] dubbing for the character Sethulakshmy portrayed by [[Geetha (actress)]]. In 1993, she dubbed for both [[Geetha (actress)]] and [[Nanditha Bose]] in the movie [[Paithrukam]].

In several interviews, Ananadavally had said dubbing for Madhavi's character Annie in the movie [[Akashadoothu]] was one of her personal favourites and also dubbing for [[Sumalatha]] in [[Thoovanathumbikal]], character "Clara" was also one of her favourites.

Similarly, she was also experimental as she tried out her voice in different dialects including for Bengali actor Lebani Sarkar in the movie [[Ponthan Mada]] (1983). While dubbing for Usha Uthup in the movie [[Pothan Vava]] (2006) she altered her voice so that it sounded apt for the singer-actor.

==Filmography==
===Actress===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Acted Films !!Role
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1973
| [[Enippadikal (film)|Eanippadikal]] ||
|-
| [[Kaadu (1973 Malayalam film)|Kaadu]] ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1974
| [[Kanyakumari (film)|Kanyakumari]] ||
|-
| [[Yauvanam]]||Doctor
|-
| [[Vandikkari]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1975
| [[Swami Ayyappan (1975 film)|SwamiAyyappan]] ||
|-
| [[Bharya Illaatha Rathri]] ||
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1976
| [[Swapnadanam]] ||
|-
| [[Hridayam Oru Kshethram]] ||
|-
| [[Chottanikkara Amma]] ||
|-
| [[Samasya]] ||
|-
| [[Udyanalakshmi]] ||
|-
| [[Amba Ambika Ambalika]] ||Maid Lalitha
|-
| [[Survey Kallu]] ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1977
| [[Sree Murukan]] ||Lakshmi
|-
| [[Penn Puli]] ||
|-
| [[Muhurthanagal]] ||
|-
| [[Vidarunna Mottukal]] ||Ammini
|-
| [[Neethipeedam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1978
| [[Kaidappoo]] ||
|-
| [[Thanal (1978 film)|Thanal]] ||
|-
| [[Rowdy Ramu]] ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1979
| [[Maalika Paniyunnavar]] ||
|-
| Pancharathnam ||
|-
| Paapathinu Maranamilla ||
|-
| [[Koumara Praayam]] ||
|-
| [[Hridhayathinte Nirangal]] ||
|-
| [[Kayalum Karayum]] ||Daisy
|-
| 1980
| [[Anthappuram]] ||Bhaargavi
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1981
| [[Pinneyum Pookkunna Kaadu]] ||
|-
| [[Archana Teacher]] ||
|-
| Grihalakshmi ||Sukumari
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1982
| [[Padayottam (1982 film)|Padayottam (70mm)]] ||
|-
| [[Aa Divasam]] ||
|-
| 1983
| [[Guru Dakshina (1983 film)|Guru Dakshina]] ||
|-
|1984
|[[Swarna Gopuram]] ||Mercy's stepmother
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1985
| [[Parayanum Vayya Parayathirikkanum Vayya]] ||
|-
| [[Katha Ithuvare]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1986
| [[Saayam Sandhya]] ||
|-
| [[Veendum]] ||
|-
| 1987
| [[Vazhiyorakazhchakal]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1988
| [[Abkari]] ||
|-
| [[Inquilabinte Puthri]] ||Sumithra Menon
|-
|1991
|[[Eagle (1991 film)|Eagle]]||
|-
| 1992
| [[Priyapetta Kukku]] ||
|-
| 1996
| [[Kaliveedu]] ||
|-
|2018–2019
|[[Neelakkuyil (TV series)]] (Asianet)||Muttashi Replaced by Geetha Nair following her death
|}

==Serials==
*Velutha Katrina: Dubbed for actress [[Sheela]] (2006)

==Dubbing artist==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Film Dubbed
! Year !! Title !! Dubbed for
|-
| 1974 || ''[[Devi Kanyakumari (film)|Devi Kanyakumari]]'' || [[Rajasree|U.P.Gracy(Rajasree)]]
|-
| 1977 || ''Rowdy Rajamma'' || [[Prabha (actress)|Jayaprabha]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1978 || ''[[Dweepu|Dweep]]'' || Jayabharathi
|-
| ''[[Avalku Maranamilla]]'' || [[Seema (actress)|Seema]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1979 || ''[[Lisa (1978 film)|Lisa]]'' || [[Bhavani (actress)|Student in college]]
|-
| ''[[Anupallavi (film)|Anupallavai]]'' || [[Seema (actress)|Seema]]
|-
| rowspan=9 | 1980 || ''[[Chora Chuvanna Chora]]'' || Shobhana (old)
|-
| ''Ithikkara Pakki'' || Jayabharathi
|-
| ''[[Angadi (film)|Angadi]]'' || [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]]
|-
| ''[[Saraswathi Yaamam]]'' || [[Bhavani (actress)|Shobhana]]
|-
| ''[[Lorry (film)|Lorry]]'' || [[Nithya Ravindran|Nithya]]
|-
| ''[[Chamaram]]'' || [[Zarina Wahab]]
|-
| ''[[Pralayam]]'' || Kanakadurga
|-
| ''[[Karimpana]]'' || Reena
|-
| ''[[Manjil Virinja Pookkal]]'' || [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]]
|-
| rowspan=6 | 1981 || ''[[Arayannam]]'' || [[Roopa (actress)|Roopa]]
|-
| ''[[Kathayariyathe]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Kallan Pavithran]]'' || Beena, Etc.
|-
| ''[[Thrishna]]'' || [[Swapna (actress)|Swapna]]
|-
| ''[[Oothikachiya Ponnu|Oothi Kaachiya Ponnu]]'' || [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]]
|-
| ''[[Ahimsa (1981 film)|Ahimsa]]'' || [[Swapna (actress)|Swapna]]
|-
| rowspan=24 | 1982 || ''[[Naagamadathu Thampuraatti]]'' ||
|-
| ''Balloon'' ||
|-
| ''Ruby My Darling'' || [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]]
|-
| ''Ilakkangal'' ||
|-
| ''[[Dhrohi]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Kelkkaatha Sabdham]]'' || [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]]
|-
| ''[[Ee Nadu]]'' || [[Anjali Naidu]]
|-
| ''[[Idavela|Edavela]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Chambalkadu|Chambal kadu]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Swapna (actress)|Swapna]]
|-
| ''[[Oru Thira Pinneyum Thira]]''
|-
| ''[[Novemberinte Nashtam]]'' || [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]]
|-
| ''[[Olangal]]'' || [[Poornima Jayaram]]
|-
| ''[[Padayottam (1982 film)|Padayottam]]'' (70mm)|| [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]], [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]]
|-
| ''[[John Jaffer Janardhanan]]'' || [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]]
|-
| ''Amrutha Geetham'' || Sathyakala
|-
| ''[[Mukhangal]]'' ||
|-
| ''Snehapoorvam Meera'' || rowspan="2" | [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]]
|-
| ''[[Thadaakam]]''
|-
| ''[[Sree Ayyappanum Vavarum]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Marmaram]]'' ||
|-
| ''Ithiri NeArm Othiri Karyam'' ||
|-
| ''[[Aa Divasam]]'' || [[Sathyakala|Satyakala]]
|-
| ''[[Velicham Vitharunna Penkutty]]'' || [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]]
|-
| ''[[Innalenkil Nale]]'' || [[Unni Mary|Unnimary]]
|-
| rowspan=39 | 1983 || ''[[Mazha Nilaavu]]'' || [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]]
|-
| ''[[Hello Madras Girl]]'' || [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]]
|-
| ''Veena Poovu'' || Uma
|-
| ''[[Pallamkuzhi]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Kuyiline Thedi]]'' || [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]]
|-
| ''[[Rachana (film)|Rachana]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Guru Dakshina (1983 film)|Guru Dakshina]]'' || Sunantha
|-
| ''[[Eettillam|Eettillum]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''[[Chakravalam Chuvannappol]]'' || [[Sumalatha]]
|-
| ''[[Mansoru Maha Samudram]]'' || [[Seema (actress)|Seema]]
|-
| ''[[Karyam Nissaram]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]]
|-
| ''[[Aa Raathri]]''
|-
| ''[[Ente Katha (film)|Ente Katha]]'' || [[Reena (actress)|Reena]]
|-
| ''[[Oru Mukham Pala Mukham]]'' || [[Seema (actress)|Seema]]
|-
| ''[[Pinnilavu|Pin Nilavu]]'' || [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]]
|-
| ''[[Aaroodam]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Kinnaram]]'' || [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]]
|-
| ''[[Mahabali (film)|Mahabali]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Iniyengilum]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Oomakkuyil]]'' || [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]]
|-
| ''[[Sandhya Mayangum Neram]]''|| [[Unni Mary|Unnimary]]
|-
| ''[[Yudham]]''|| [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]]
|-
| ''[[Sagara Sangamam]]'' || [[S. P. Sailaja|SP Shailaja]], [[Manju Bhargavi|Manju Bargavi]]
|-
| ''[[Kingini Kombu]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Kaathirunna Divasam]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Saagaram Santham]]'' || [[Shanthi Krishna]]
|-
| ''[[Vaashi]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Marakkillorikkalum]]'' || [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]]
|-
| ''[[Engane Nee Marakkum]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''[[Ashtapadi (film)|Ashtapadi]]'' || Uma
|-
| ''[[Nanayam|Naanayam]]'' || [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]]
|-
| ''[[Koodevide]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Kaikeyi (film)|Kaikeyi]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Maniyara]]'' || [[Seema (actress)|Seema]]
|-
| ''[[Lekhayude Maranam Oru Flashback]]'' || [[Shubha (actress)|Subha]]
|-
| ''[[Rugma]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''Prashnam Gurutharam'' || [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]]
|-
| ''[[Ponnethooval]]'' || [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]]
|-
| ''[[Theeram Thedunna Thira]]'' || [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]]
|-
| rowspan=63 | 1984 || ''Jeevitham'' || [[Swapna (actress)|Swapna]]
|-
| ''[[Onnanu Nammal]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]]
|-
| ''Veruthe Oru Pinakkam''
|-
| ''Makale Mappu Tharu'' || [[Sathyakala|Satyakala]], Sadhana
|-
| ''[[Veendum Chalikkunna Chakram]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''[[Manasse Ninakku Mangalam]]''
|-
| ''Aashamsakalode'' ||
|-
| ''[[Swanthamevide Bandhamevide]]'' || [[Swapna (actress)|Swapna]]
|-
| ''[[Adaminte Vaariyellu]]'' || [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]] (old), [[Soorya|Surya]]
|-
| ''[[Aksharangal]]'' || [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]]
|-
| ''[[Oru Kochu Swapnam]]'' || [[Unni Mary|Unnimary]]
|-
| ''[[Appunni]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''Theere Pratheekshikkathe'' ||
|-
| ''Nethavu'' || [[Rani Padmini (actress)|Ranipadmini]]
|-
| ''[[Raajavembaala]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Anthichuvappu]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Swarna Gopuram]]'' || Sunantha
|-
| ''[[Athirathram (film)|Athiraathram]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Chakkarayumma]]'' || [[Kajal Kiran|Kajol Kiran]]
|-
| ''[[Onnum Mindatha Bharya]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''Aarorumariyathe'' || [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]]
|-
| ''[[Kaliyil Alpam Karyam]]'' || [[Lissy (Malayalam actress)|Lissy]]
|-
| ''[[Sandarbham]]'' || [[Saritha]]
|-
| ''[[Poochakkoru Mookkuthi]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''[[Piriyilla Naam]]'' || [[Poornima Bhagyaraj|Poornima Jayaram]]
|-
| ''[[NH 47 (film)|N.H. 47]]'' || [[Sathyakala|Satyakala]]
|-
| ''[[Lakshmana Rekha (film)|Lekshmana Rekha]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Aattuvanchi Ulanjappol]]'' ||
|-
| ''Mynaakam'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''[[Aalkkoottathil Thaniye]]'' || [[Unni Mary|Unnimary]]
|-
| ''Oru Thettinte Katha'' ||
|-
| ''[[Unni Vanna Divasam]]'' || [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]]
|-
| ''[[Rakshassu]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Ente Kalithozhan]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''[[Vetta]]'' ||
|-
| ''Attahaasam'' || [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
|-
| ''[[Kanamarayathu]]'' || [[Unni Mary|Unnimary]]
|-
| ''[[Manithali]]'' || [[Seema (actress)|Seema]], [[Unni Mary|Unnimary]]
|-
| ''[[Idavelakku Sesham]]'' || [[Sumalatha]]
|-
| ''[[Thirakkil Alppa Samayam]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''[[Kurishuyudham]]'' || [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]]
|-
| ''Ente Nandinikutty'' || rowspan="2" | [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''Muthodumuthu''
|-
| ''[[Sreekrishna Parunthu]]'' || Sathyachitra
|-
| ''[[Odaruthammava Aalariyam]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''Karimbu''
|-
| ''[[Panchavadi Palam]]'' || [[Shubha (actress)|Subha]]
|-
| ''[[Koottinilamkili]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''[[Thirakal]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Thathamme Poocha Poocha]]'' || [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]]
|-
| ''[[Sandyakkenthinu Sindhooram]]'' || [[Seema (actress)|Seema]]
|-
| ''[[Paavam Krooran]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Ente Upasana]]'' || [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]]
|-
| ''[[Paavam Krooran]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Aduthaduthu]]'' || Ahalya
|-
| ''[[Swantham Sarika (film)|Swantham Sarika]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Umaanilayam]]'' || [[Radha (actress)|Radha]]
|-
| ''[[Uyarangalil]]'' || [[Kajal Kiran|Kajol Kiran]]
|-
| ''[[Enganeyundashaane]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''[[Oru Painkilikatha]]'' || [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]], [[Manochitra]]
|-
| ''[[Oru Kochukatha Aarum Parayatha Katha]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Saritha]]
|-
| ''[[Minimol Vathicanil]]''
|-
| ''[[Adiyozhukkukal]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| rowspan=57 | 1985 || ''[[Chillu Kottaram]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Vellarikka Pattanam]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Punnaram Cholli Cholli]]'' || [[Lissy (Malayalam actress)|Lissy]]
|-
| ''[[Ee Thanalil Ithiri Nerum]]'' || [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]]
|-
| ''[[Muhurtham Pathnonnu Muppathinu]]'' || [[Saritha]]
|-
| ''[[Mutharamkunnu P.O.]]'' || [[Lissy (Malayalam actress)|Lissy]]
|-
| ''[[Pacha Velicham]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Ormikkaan Omanikkaan]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Makan Ente Makan]]'' || [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]]
|-
| ''[[Snehicha Kuttathinu]]'' || [[Seema (actress)|Seema]]
|-
| ''[[Thinkalaazhcha Nalla Divasam]]'' || [[Unni Mary|Unnimary]]
|-
| ''[[Aram + Aram = Kinnaram]]'' || Pooja Saxena
|-
| ''[[Oduvil Kittiya Vartha]]'' ||
|-
| ''Mukhyamanthri'' ||
|-
| ''[[Onnanam Kunnil Oradi Kunnil]]'' || Pooja Saxena
|-
| ''[[Janakeeya Kodathi]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Mulamoottil Adima]]'' || [[Surekha (actress)|Surekha]]
|-
| ''[[Katha Ithuvare]]'' || [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]]
|-
| ''[[Oru Kudakeezhil]]'' || [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]]
|-
| ''[[Akkacheyude Kunjuvava]]'' || Uma Bannerjee
|-
| ''[[Vasantha Sena (1985 film)|Vasantha Sena]]'' || [[Seema (actress)|Seema]]
|-
| ''[[Revenge (1985 film)|Revenge]]'' || [[Silk Smitha]], [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]]
|-
| ''[[Guruji Oru Vakku]]'' || [[Manochitra]]
|-
| ''[[Manya Mahajanangale]]'' || [[Chithra (actress)|Chitra]]
|-
| ''[[Onningu Vannengil]]'' || [[Lissy (Malayalam actress)|Lissy]]
|-
| ''[[Oru Nokku Kanan]]'' || [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]]
|-
| ''Ayanum'' || [[Shobana]]
|-
| ''[[Parayanumvayya Parayathirikkanumvayya]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''[[Angadikkappurathu]]'' || [[Swapna (actress)|Swapna]]
|-
| ''[[Koodum Thedi]]'' || [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]]
|-
| ''[[Jeevante Jeevan]]'' || [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]]
|-
| ''[[Orikkal Oridathu]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Akkare Ninnoru Maran]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''[[Uyirthezhunnelppu]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Boeing Boeing (1985 film)|Boeing Boeing]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]], [[Lissy (Malayalam actress)|Lissy]]
|-
| ''[[Archana Aaradhana]]'' || [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]]
|-
| ''[[Aanakkorumma]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''[[Nirakkoottu]]'' || [[Sumalatha]]
|-
| ''[[Nerariyum Nerathu]]'' || [[Unni Mary|Unnimary]]
|-
| ''[[Ee Lokam Evide Kure Manushyar]]'' || [[Kajal Kiran|Kajol Kiran]]
|-
| ''[[Adhyayam Onnu Muthal]]'' || [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]]
|-
| ''[[Kiraatham]]'' || [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]]
|-
| ''Onathumbikkoru Oonjaal'' || [[Shoma Anand]]
|-
| ''[[Puli Varunne Puli]]'' || [[Unni Mary|Unnimary]]
|-
| ''[[Aa Neram Alppa Dooram]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Uyarum Njan Nadake]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Mucherla Aruna]]
|-
| ''[[Scene No. 7]]''
|-
| ''[[Upaharam (1985 film)|Upaharam]]'' || [[Jalaja]]
|-
| ''[[Vannu Kandu Keezhadakki]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Ezhu Muthal Onpathu Vare]]'' || [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]]
|-
| ''Shatru'' ||
|-
| ''Gorilla'' ||
|-
| ''[[Gaayathridevi Ente Amma]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Kandu Kandarinju]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
|'' [[Nirakkoottu]]'' || [[Sumalatha]]
|-
| ''[[Iniyum Kadha Thudarum]]'' || [[Jaya Prada|Jayaprada]]
|-
| ''[[Choodatha Pookal]]'' || [[Zarina Wahab]]
|-
| rowspan=53 | 1986 || ''[[Atham Chithira Chothy]]'' || [[Nadhiya|Nadia Moidu]]
|-
| ''Ariyaatha Bandham'' || [[Amala Akkineni|Amala]]
|-
| ''[[Sree Narayana Guru (film)|Sree Narayanaguru]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Pappan Priyappetta Pappan]]'' || [[Unni Mary|Unnimary]]
|-
| ''[[Akalangalil]]'' || [[Seema (actress)|Seema]]
|-
| ''[[Oppam Oppathinoppam]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Ayalvasi Oru Daridravasi]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Katha Oru Nunakkatha]]'' || [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]
|-
| ''Shyama'' || [[Sumalatha]]
|-
| ''[[Mazha Peyyunnu Maddalam Kottunnu]]'' || [[Lissy (Malayalam actress)|Lissy]], [[Priya (actress)|Priya]]
|-
| ''[[Panchagni]]'' || [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]
|-
| ''[[Karinagam]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Bharya Oru Manthri]]'' || [[Chithra (actress)|Chitra]]
|-
| ''[[Pidikittapulli]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Ardha Raathri]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Ninnistham Ennishtam]]'' || [[Priya (actress)|Priya]]
|-
| ''[[Chekkeranoru Chilla]]'' || [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]]
|-
| ''[[Aalorungi Arangorungi]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Vartha|Vaartha]]'' || [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]], [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]]
|-
| ''[[Nilaavinte Naattil]]'' ||
|-
| ''Ithramathram'' ||
|-
| ''[[Malarum Kiliyum]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Kshamichu Ennoru Vakku]]'' || [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]
|-
| ''[[Nakhakshathangal]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Neram Pularumbol]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Poomukhappadiyil Ninneyum Kaathu]]'' || [[Sulakshana (actress)|Sulakshana]]
|-
| ''[[Iniyum Kurukshetrum]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Aarundivide Chodikkan]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Sakhavu (1986 film)|Sakhavu]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Adukkan Entheluppam]]'' || [[Karthika (Malayalam actress)|Karthika]]
|-
| ''[[Snehamulla Simham]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]
|-
| ''[[Dheem Tharikida Thom]]'' || [[Priya (actress)|Priya]]
|-
| ''[[Katturumbinum Kathu Kuthu]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Njan Kathorthirikkum]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Ice Cream (1986 film)|Ice Cream]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Nandi Veendum Varika]]'' || [[Radha (actress)|Radha]]
|-
| ''[[Aavanazhi]]'' || rowspan="3" | [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]
|-
| ''[[Sukhamo Devi]]''
|-
| ''[[Sayam Sandhya]]''
|-
| ''[[Ee Kaikalil]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Veendum]]'' || [[Jayashree (Tamil actress)|Jayasree]]
|-
| ''[[Geetham (film)|Geetham]]'' || [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]
|-
| ''[[Pakarathinu Pakaram]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Ponnum Kudathinum Pottu]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Ente Entethu Mathrem]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Sanmanassullavarkku Samadhanam]]'' || [[Karthika (Malayalam actress)|Karthika]]
|-
| ''[[Padayani (film)|Padayani]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Railway Cross]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Ilanjippookkal]]'' || Sandhya
|-
| ''[[Adiverukal]]'' || [[Parvathy Jayaram|Parvathi]]
|-
| ''[[Meenamasathile Sooryan]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[T. P. Balagopalan M. A.]]'' || [[Shobana]]
|-
| ''[[Rajavinte Makan]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]]
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1987 || ''[[Irupatham Noottandu]]''
|-
| ''[[Thoovanathumbikal]]'' || [[Sumalatha]]
|-
| ''[[Thaniyavarthanam]]'' || [[Saritha]]
|-
| ''[[Nadodikkattu]]'' || [[Shobana]], [[Seema (actress)|Seema]]
|-
| ''[[Manivathoorile Aayiram Sivarathrikal]]'' || [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]]
|-
| rowspan=10 | 1988 || ''[[Dhinarathrangal]]'' || [[Sumalatha]]
|-
| ''[[Pattanapravesham]]'' || [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]]
|-
| ''[[Vaisali (film)|Vaishali]]'' || [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]
|-
| ''[[Ponmuttayidunna Tharavu]]'' || [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Parvathy Jayaram|Parvathi]]
|-
| ''[[Vellanakalude Nadu]]'' || [[Shobana]]
|-
| ''[[Kudumbapuranam]]'' || [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]]
|-
| ''[[Abkari]]'' || [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Jalaja]]
|-
| ''[[Aryan (1988 film)|Aryan]]'' || [[Shobana|Shobhana]]
|-
| ''[[Oru CBI Diary Kurippu]]'' || [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
|-
| ''[[Innaleyude Baakki]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1989 || ''[[Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha]]''
|-
| ''[[Carnivel]]'' || [[Parvathy Jayaram|Parvathy]]
|-
| ''[[Chakkikotha Chankaran]]'' || [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]
|-
| ''[[Varavelpu]]'' || [[Revathi]]
|-
| ''[[Season (film)|Season]]'' || [[Shari (actress)|Shari]]
|-
| rowspan=6 | 1990 || ''[[Varthamana Kalam]]'' || [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
|-
| ''[[Thazhvaram]]'' || [[Sumalatha]]
|-
| ''[[Malootty]]'' || [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
|-
| ''[[His Highness Abdullah]]'' || [[Gautami]]
|-
| ''[[Lal Salam (1990 film)|Lal Salam]]'' || [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]], [[Rekha Harris|Rekha]]
|-
| ''[[Mukham]]'' || [[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]]
|-
| rowspan=10 | 1991 || ''[[Adayalam]]'' || [[Rekha Harris|Rekha]]
|-
| ''[[Kakkathollayiram]]'' || [[Chithra (actress)|Chitra]]
|-
| ''[[Inspector Balram]]'' || [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
|-
| ''[[Ulladakkam]]'' || [[Shobana]]
|-
| ''[[Kottayam Kunjachan]]'' || [[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]], [[Usha (actress)|Usha]]
|-
| ''[[Kizhakkunarum Pakshi]]'' || [[Rekha Harris|Rekha]]
|-
| ''[[Bharatham]]'' || [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
|-
| ''[[Vishnulokam]]'' || [[Shanthi Krishna]]
|-
| ''[[Amaram]]'' || [[Chithra (actress)|Chitra]]
|-
| ''[[Njan Gandharvan]]'' || [[Sulakshana (actress)|Sulakshana]]
|-
| rowspan=7 | 1992 || ''[[Kauravar]]'' || [[Anju (actress)|Anju]]
|-
| ''[[Kamaladalam]]'' || [[Parvathy Jayaram|Parvathi]]
|-
| ''[[Aadhaaram]]'' || [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]
|-
| ''[[Snehasagaram]]'' || [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
|-
| ''[[Rajashilpi]]'' || [[Bhanupriya]]
|-
| ''[[Naadody]]'' || [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]], [[Chithra (actress)|Chitra]]
|-
| ''[[Maanyanmar]]'' || [[Ramya Krishnan]]
|-
| rowspan=16 | 1993 || ''[[Dhruvam]]'' || [[Gautami|Gouthami]]
|-
| ''[[Patheyam]]'' || [[Rajani (actress)|Rajani]]
|-
| ''[[Akashadoothu]]'' || [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]]
|-
| ''[[Sarovaram (film)|Sarovaram]]'' || [[Jayasudha]]
|-
| ''[[Manichitrathazhu]]'' || [[Vinaya Prasad]]
|-
| ''[[Devasuram]]'' || [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]], [[Chithra (actress)|Chitra]]
|-
| ''[[Golanthara Vartha]]'' || [[Shobana|Shobhana]]
|-
| ''[[Chamayam (1993 film)|Chamayam]]'' || [[Sithara (actress)|Sithara]]
|-
| ''[[Vatsalyam]]'' || [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]
|-
| ''[[Maya Mayooram]]'' || [[Shobana|Shobhana]], [[Shanthi Krishna]]
|-
| ''[[Arthana]]'' || [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]]
|-
| ''[[Ekalavyan (film)|Ekalavyan]]'' || [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]], [[Renuka (actress)|Renuka]]
|-
| ''[[Sthalathe Pradhana Payyans]]'' || [[Suchitra]]
|-
| ''[[Paithrukam]]'' || [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]], [[Nanditha Bose]]
|-
| ''[[Sukrutham]]'' || [[Gautami|Gouthami]]
|-
| ''[[Chenkol]]'' || [[Shanthi Krishna]]
|-
| rowspan=8 | 1994 || ''[[Pavithram (1994 film)|Pavithram]]'' || [[Shobana]], [[Renuka (actress)|Renuka]]
|-
| ''[[Gandharvam]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Shanthi Krishna]]
|-
| ''[[Chakoram]]''
|-
| ''[[Sagaram Sakshi]]'' || [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]]
|-
| ''[[Ponthan Mada]]'' || [[Laboni Sarkar|Labony Sarkar]]
|-
| ''Dollar'' || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]]
|-
| ''[[Thenmavin Kombath]]'' || [[Sonia (actress)|Sonia]]
|-
| ''[[Pidakkozhi Koovunna Noottandu]]'' || [[Vinaya Prasad]]
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1995 || ''[[Oru Abhibhashakante Case Diary]]'' || [[Heera Rajagopal|Heera]], [[Asha Sachdev]]
|-
| ''[[Vrudhanmare Sookshikkuka]]'' || [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]
|-
| ''[[Thacholi Varghese Chekavar]]'' || [[Nirosha]]
|-
| ''[[Agnidevan]]'' || [[Rohini Hattangadi]], [[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]]
|-
| ''[[Spadikam]]'' || [[Silk Smitha]]
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Kaalapani]]'' || [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] (Old age)
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1997 || ''[[Chandralekha (1997 film)|Chandralekha]]'' || [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]]
|-
| ''[[Bhoopathi (1997 film)|Bhoopathi]]'' || [[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]]
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1998 || ''[[Kanmadam]]'' || Sarada (Grandmother)
|-
| ''[[Kallu Kondoru Pennu]]'' || [[Vijayashanti]]
|-
| ''[[Amma Ammaayiyamma]]'' || [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2001 || ''[[Shantham]]'' || [[Seema Biswas]]
|-
| ''[[Karumadikkuttan (film)|Karumadikuttan]]'' || [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2002 || ''[[Mazhathullikkilukkam]]'' || [[Sharada (actress)|Sarada]]
|-
| ''[[Kalyanaraman (2002 film)|Kalyanaraman]]'' || [[Subbalakshmi|Subbulakshmi]], [[Kalaranjini]]
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Kilichundan Mampazham]]'' || [[Seema (actress)|Seema]], [[Soundarya]] (Frenzy Part)
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Rajamanikyam]]'' || [[Chitra Shenoy]]
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Pothan Vava]]'' || [[Usha Uthup]]
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Big B (film)|Big B]]'' || [[Nafisa Ali]]
|-
| rowspan=2 |2010 || ''[[Alexander the Great (2010 film)|Alexander The Great]]'' || [[Sudha Chandran]], [[Fathima Babu]]
|-
| ''[[Thanthonni]]'' || [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2011 || ''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]'' || [[Jaya Prada|Jayaprada]]
|-
| ''[[Naayika]]'' || [[Sharada (actress)|Sarada]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2012 || ''[[Asuravithu (2012 film)|Asuravithu]]'' || [[Lena (actress)|Lena]]
|-
| ''[[Spanish Masala]]'' || [[Vinaya Prasad]]
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Ivan Maryadaraman]]'' || [[Vadivukkarasi|Vadivukarasi]]
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Lucifer (2019 Indian film)|Lucifer]]'' || Sreeya Ramesh
|-
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
!Sl.No.
!Awards
!Details
|-
|1.
|Enikku Maranamilla - 1978 ('''Kerala State Award For Drama)'''
|
|-
|1.
|Best Dubbing Artist - 1992
|For [[Aadhaaram]] (1992), voice given for [[Geetha (actress)]]
|-
|2.
|Chalachitra Prathibha - 1997
|
|-
|3
|Kalai Selvam - 1997 '''(Kerala Film Critics Awards)'''
|[[South Indian Film Artistes' Association|South Indian Artist Association]], Chennai.
|-
|4.
|Best Narrator - 2007 '''(Kerala Film Critics Awards)'''
|
|-
|5.
|Guru Pooja Puraskaram - 2009
|[[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi]]
|-
|6.
|Kural Selvam - 2011
|South Indian Cine Artists & Dubbing Union, Chennai.
|-
|7.
|Award for contribution to Malayalam Film Industry - 2013
|100 years of Indian Cinema Celebration - 2013 at Chennai.
|-
|8.
|Best Dubbing Artist(s) - 2015 ('''Kerala State Television Awards)'''
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
[https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/apr/06/dubbing-artist-anandavally-the-voice-that-powered-a-1000-characters-1960749.html]
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/noted-dubbing-artist-anandavally-passes-away/articleshow/68746498.cms

https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2010/may/29/invisible-nightingale-157077.html

==External links==
{{Commons category|Anandavally}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* [https://archive.today/20130823190433/http://anandavally.aircus.com/]
* https://www.facebook.com/anandavally.cr
* [https://archive.today/20130825213203/http://www.deshabhimani.com/periodicalContent1.php?id=558]
* http://newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article267565.ece {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303162651/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article267565.ece |date=3 March 2014 }}
* https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045904/http://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Anandavalli&limit=13
* http://mathrubhuminews.in/ee/Programs/Episode/5026/their-voice-enlivens-characters-avar-kandumuttumbol-episode-53/E {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308125749/http://mathrubhuminews.in/ee/Programs/Episode/5026/their-voice-enlivens-characters-avar-kandumuttumbol-episode-53/E |date=8 March 2016 }}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:Indian voice actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kollam]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]

List of Hindi films of 2024

2026-03-06T16:35:21Z

Piniteinfra: general expanded lead to improve readability and updated info

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Bollywood films}}
This is a list of [[Hindi cinema]] films released in 2024.

== Box office collection ==
The following is the [[list of highest-grossing Hindi films|list of highest-grossing Hindi cinema films]] released in 2024.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ {{Screen reader-only|Highest grossing Hindi cinema films of 2024}}
|-
!Rank{{efn|name="ro"|Sorted based on the lowest value when figures are presented as a range, and for the same value, the older item is given a higher order.}}
!Title
!Production company
!Distributor
!Worldwide gross
!class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!style="text-align:center;" |1
|''[[Stree 2]]''
|{{ubl|[[Jio Studios]]|[[Maddock Films]]}}
|{{ubl|[[PVR Inox Pictures]]|[[Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar Entertainment]]}}
|₹874.58 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Stree 2 Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/stree-2-2/box-office/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816054421/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/stree-2-2/box-office/ |archive-date=16 August 2024 |access-date=17 August 2024 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref name="boxoffww">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2024/|title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide 2024|access-date=26 January 2024|website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" |2
|''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]''
|{{ubl|[[T-Series Films]]|Cine1 Studios}}
|[[AA Films]]
|₹423.85 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3 Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhool-bhulaiyaa-3/box-office/|access-date=20 November 2024 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref name="boxoffww" />
|-
! style="text-align:center;" |3
|''[[Singham Again]]''
|{{ubl|[[Jio Studios]]|[[Reliance Entertainment]]|Cinergy|[[Devgn Films]]|Rohit Shetty Picturez}}
|[[PVR Inox Pictures]]
|₹389.64 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Singham Again Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/singham-again/box-office/ |access-date=18 November 2024 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref name="boxoffww" />
|-
!style="text-align:center;" |4
|''[[Fighter (2024 film)|Fighter]]''
|{{Ubl|[[Viacom18 Studios]]|Marflix Pictures}}
|Viacom18 Studios
|₹344.46 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fighter Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/fighter/box-office/|access-date=4 February 2024|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=26 January 2024}}</ref><ref name="boxoffww" />
|-
!style="text-align:center;" |5
|''[[Shaitaan (2024 film)|Shaitaan]]''
|{{ubl|[[Jio Studios]]|[[Devgn Films]]|[[Panorama Studios]]}}
|Panorama Studios
|₹211.06 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shaitaan Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/shaitaan/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|access-date=9 March 2024|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=9 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="boxoffww" />
|-
!style="text-align:center;" |6
|''[[Crew (film)|Crew]]''
|{{Ubl|[[Balaji Motion Pictures]]|Anil Kapoor Films & Communication Network}}
||[[Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar Entertainment]]
|₹157.08 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2024 |title=Crew Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/crew/box-office/|access-date=30 March 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref><ref name="boxoffww" />
|-
!style="text-align:center;" |7
|''[[Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya]]''
|{{Ubl|[[Jio Studios]]|[[Maddock Films]]}}
|[[Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar Entertainment]]
|₹133.64 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya/box-office/|access-date=10 February 2024|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=10 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="boxoffww" />
|-
!style="text-align:center;" |8
|''[[Munjya (film)|Munjya]]''
|[[Maddock Films]]
|[[Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar Entertainment]]
|₹132.13 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2024|title=Munjya Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/munjya/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|access-date=14 June 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref><ref name="boxoffww" />
|-
!style="text-align:center;" |9
|''[[Bad Newz (film)|Bad Newz]]''
|{{ubl|[[Amazon Prime]]|[[Dharma Productions]]|Leo Media Collective}}
|[[AA Films]]
|₹115.74 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bad Newz Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bad-newz/box-office/|access-date=24 July 2024|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=24 July 2024}}</ref><ref name="boxoffww" />
|-
!style="text-align:center;" |10
|''[[Article 370 (film)|Article 370]]''
|{{ubl|[[Jio Studios]]|[[B62 Studios]]}}
|[[PVR Inox Pictures]]
|₹110.57 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Article 370 Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/article-370/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|access-date=25 February 2024|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=23 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="boxoffww" />
|}

== January–March ==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;"| '''Opening'''
! style="width:18%;"|'''Title'''
! style="width:10.5%;"|'''Director'''
! style="width:30%;" | '''Cast''' !! Studio (production house) !! Ref.
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:plum; textcolor:#000;" |'''J A N'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''5'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Tauba Tera Jalwa]]'' || [[Akashaditya Lama]] || {{hlist|[[Jatin Khurana]]|[[Ameesha Patel]]
|[[Angela Krislinzki]]}} || Shreeram Productions, Victorious Enterprises ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ameesha-patel-jatin-khurana-angela-starrer-tauba-tera-jalwa-new-poster-release-date-out-101703666952163.html|title=Ameesha Patel, Jatin Khurana, Angela starrer 'Tauba Tera Jalwa' new poster, release date out|work=Hindustan Times|date=27 December 2023|access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |Main Paapi Hoon
| style="text-align: center;" |Jay Dogra
|[[Ankur Nayyar]]
|Tri Dot Production
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/main-paapi-hoon/movieshow/105063634.cms |title=Main Paapi Hoon Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes |access-date=2025-12-17 |via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''12'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Merry Christmas (2024 film)|Merry Christmas]]''{{efn|name="ht"|The film was produced in both the Hindi and Tamil languages, according to the filmmakers.}} || [[Sriram Raghavan]] || {{hlist|[[Katrina Kaif]]|[[Vijay Sethupathi]]}} || [[Tips Industries]], Matchbox Pictures ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/katrina-kaif-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-merry-christmas-postponed-sriram-raghavan-directorial-now-release-january-12-2024-cinemas/|title=Katrina Kaif and Vijay Sethupathi starrer Merry Christmas postponed; Sriram Raghavan directorial to now release on January 12, 2024 in cinemas|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=16 November 2023|access-date=16 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''19'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Main Atal Hoon]]'' || [[Ravi Jadhav]] || [[Pankaj Tripathi]] || Bhanushali Studios, Legend Studios ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pankaj Tripathi's 'Main Atal Hoon' to release on this date. See new poster|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/pankaj-tripathi-main-atal-hoon-to-release-on-this-date-new-poster-poster-out-atal-bihari-vajpayee-biopic-2468480-2023-11-28|date=28 November 2023|work=India Today|access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''25'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Fighter (2024 film)|Fighter]]''|| [[Siddharth Anand]] || {{hlist|[[Hrithik Roshan]]|[[Deepika Padukone]]||[[Anil Kapoor]]|[[Karan Singh Grover]]|[[Akshay Oberoi]]|[[Sanjeeda Sheikh]]}} || [[Viacom18 Studios]], Marflix Pictures ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hrithik Roshan-Deepika Padukone starrer Fighter postponed; to now release on January 25, 2024|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/hrithik-roshan-deepika-padukone-starrer-fighter-postponed-now-release-january-25-2024/|date=28 October 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=2 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="11" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4; textcolor:#000;" |'''F E B'''
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;"|'''9'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya]]'' || {{hlist|Amit Joshi|Aradhana Sah}} ||{{hlist|[[Shahid Kapoor]]|[[Kriti Sanon]]|[[Dharmendra]]|[[Dimple Kapadia]]}} || [[Jio Studios]], [[Maddock Films]] ||<ref>{{cite web|last=Mukherjee|first=Anindita|title=Kriti Sanon, Shahid Kapoor's film titled 'Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya'|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kriti-sanon-shahid-kapoor-film-titled-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-2486795-2024-01-10|work=India Today|date=10 January 2024 |access-date=10 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Bhakshak]]'' || Pulkit ||{{hlist|[[Bhumi Pednekar]]|[[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]]|[[Sai Tamhankar]]|[[Aditya Srivastava]]}} || [[Red Chillies Entertainment]], [[Netflix]] ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhumi Pednekar starrer investigative drama Bakshak, bankrolled by Red Chillies Entertainment, set for February 9, 2024 release on Netflix, watch teaser|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bhumi-pednekar-starrer-investigative-drama-bakshak-bankrolled-red-chillies-entertainment-set-february-9-2024-release-watch-teaser/|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=18 January 2024 |access-date=18 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Lantrani]]'' || {{hlist|[[Gurvinder Singh (director)|Gurvinder Singh]]|[[Kaushik Ganguly]]|Bhaskar Hazarika}} ||{{hlist|[[Jitendra Kumar]]|[[Jisshu Sengupta]]|[[Johnny Lever]]|[[Nimisha Sajayan]]|Sanjay Mahanand|[[Boloram Das]]}} || Neeljai Films, Tyche Films Media Solutions, [[ZEE5]] ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Jitendra Kumar to feature in Gurvinder Singh's anthology film 'Lantrani'|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/jitendra-kumar-johny-lever-to-join-forces-for-gurvinder-singhs-lantrani-2494397-2024-01-27|work=India Today|date=27 January 2024 |access-date=27 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Mirg (film)|Mirg]]'' || Tarun Sharma ||{{hlist|[[Satish Kaushik]]|[[Anup Soni]]|Shwetaabh Singh|[[Raj Babbar]]}} || Studio RA, NaMA Productions, OneShot Films ||<ref>{{cite web | last=S | first=Hari Prasad | title=OTT Action Comedy: ఓటీటీలోకి 9 నెలల తర్వాత వచ్చిన యాక్షన్ కామెడీ రివేంజ్ డ్రామా.. ఆ నటుడి చివరి సినిమా ఇదే | website=Hindustantimes Telugu | date=2024-10-25 | url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/ott-action-comedy-movie-mirg-now-streaming-on-jio-cinema-satish-kaushik-last-movie-121729858976429.html | language=te}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;"|'''16'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Dashmi]]'' || [[Shantanu Anant Tambe]] || {{hlist|[[Vardhan Puri]]|Gaurav Sareen|[[Sanjay Pandey]]|[[Rajesh Jais]]}} || 3S Movies ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/dashmi/movie-review/107661775.cms|title=Dashmi Movie Review : A provocative and thought-provoking drama|work=The Times of India|date=13 February 2024|access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Kuch Khattaa Ho Jaay]]'' || [[G. Ashok]] || {{hlist|[[Guru Randhawa]]|[[Saiee Manjrekar]]|[[Anupam Kher]]|[[Ila Arun]]}} || Mach Films ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/guru-randhawa-and-saiee-manjrekars-kuch-khattaa-ho-jaay-new-poster-and-release-date/articleshow/107234691.cms|title=Guru Randhawa and Saiee Manjrekar's 'Kuch Khattaa Ho Jaay' new poster out, film to release on this date|work=The Times of India|date=29 January 2024|access-date=30 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;"|'''23'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Crakk]]''|| [[Aditya Datt]] ||{{hlist|[[Vidyut Jammwal]]|[[Nora Fatehi]]|[[Arjun Rampal]]|[[Amy Jackson]]}} || Action Hero Films ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Vidyut Jammwal's bold birthday surprise; actor takes the internet by storm as he dons his Yogi Avatar|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/vidyut-jammwals-bold-birthday-surprise-actor-takes-internet-storm-dons-yogi-avatar/|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=10 December 2023 |access-date=10 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Article 370 (film)|Article 370]]''|| Aditya Suhas Jambhale ||{{hlist|[[Yami Gautam]]|[[Priyamani]]|Skand Thakur|Ashwini Kaul|[[Vaibhav Tatwawadi]]|[[Arun Govil]]|[[Kiran Karmarkar]]}} || [[Jio Studios]], [[B62 Studios]] ||<ref>{{cite web|title=First Look: Yami Gautam features in an action-packed avatar in Article 370; teaser to unveil on January 20|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/first-look-yami-gautam-features-action-packed-avatar-article-370-teaser-unveil-january-20/|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=19 January 2024 |access-date=19 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[All India Rank]]''|| [[Varun Grover (writer)|Varun Grover]] ||{{hlist|Bodhisattva Sharma|Samta Sudiksha|[[Sheeba Chaddha]]|Geeta Agrawal|Neeraj Ayush Pandey|Saadat Khan}} || Karmic Films, [[Matchbox Shots]], Clocktower Pictures & Co.||<ref>{{cite web|title=Varun Grover's All India Rank to release on this date|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2024/feb/02/varun-grovers-all-india-rank-to-release-on-this-date-51690.html|work=Cinema Express|date=2 February 2024 |access-date=2 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Chote Nawab]]''|| Kumud Chaudhary ||{{hlist|[[Akshay Oberoi]]|[[Plabita Borthakur]]|Svar Kamble|[[Shataf Figar]]|[[Ekavali Khanna]]|[[Rajshri Deshpande]]|[[Falaq Naaz]]|[[Sadiya Siddiqui]]|[[Lalit Tiwari]]|[[Sohaila Kapur]]|[[Ayush Tandon]]||[[Neeraj Sood]]}} || [[Yoodlee Films]] || <ref>{{cite web | title=Yoodlee Films' 'Chote Nawab' to hit the screens on Feb 23 | website=Deccan Chronicle | date=24 February 2024 | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/yoodlee-films-chote-nawab-to-hit-the-screens-on-feb-23-883191 | access-date=3 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="19" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''M A R'''
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''1'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]''|| [[Kiran Rao]] || {{hlist|[[Ravi Kishan]]|Nitanshi Goel|[[Pratibha Ranta]]|[[Sparsh Srivastav]]|[[Chhaya Kadam]]}}|| [[Jio Studios]], Aamir Khan Productions, Kindling Pictures ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aamir Khan and Kiran Rao's 'Laapataa Ladies' to release in cinemas on March 1, 2024|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/aamir-khan-and-kiran-raos-laapataa-ladies-to-release-in-cinemas-on-march-1-2024-13412272.html|date=21 November 2023|work=Firstpost|access-date=21 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Dange (film)|Dange]]''{{efn|name="ht"|The film was produced in both the Hindi and Tamil languages, according to the filmmakers.}} || [[Bejoy Nambiar]] || {{hlist|[[Harshvardhan Rane]]|[[Ehan Bhat]]|[[Nikita Dutta]]|TJ Bhanu}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], Roox Media, Getaway Pictures ||<ref>{{Cite web |title='Dange' and 'Por' teasers: Ehan Bhat takes on Harshvardhan Rane; Kalidas Jayaram locks horns with Arjun Das|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dange-and-por-teasers-ehan-bhat-takes-on-harshvardhan-rane-kalidas-jayaram-locks-horns-with-arjun-das/article67785715.ece/|date=28 January 2024|work=The Hindu|access-date=2 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Operation Valentine (film)|Operation Valentine]]''{{efn|name="tel"|The film was produced in both the Hindi and Telugu languages, according to the filmmakers.}} || Shakti Pratap Singh Hada ||{{hlist|[[Varun Tej]]|[[Manushi Chhillar]]}} || [[Sony Pictures India]], Renaissance Pictures, God Bless Entertainment ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/operation-valentine-varun-tej-and-manushi-chhillarstarrer-to-release-in-march/articleshow/107386683.cms|title=Varun Tej And Manushi Chhillar-Starrer Operation Valentine To Release In March|work=The Times of India |date=3 February 2024|access-date=3 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Kaagaz 2]]''|| [[V. K. Prakash]] || {{hlist|[[Anupam Kher]]|[[Darshan Kumar]]|[[Smiriti Kalra]]|[[Satish Kaushik]]|[[Neena Gupta]]}} || Satish Kaushik Entertainment, [[Venus Records & Tapes|Venus Worldwide Entertainment]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaagaz 2 trailer: Satish Kaushik's final film to release in cinemas on March 1|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kaagaz-2-trailer-satish-kaushik-final-film-anupam-kher-neena-gupta-release-on-march-1-watch-101707478684048-amp.html|date=9 February 2024|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=9 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Fairy Folk]]''|| Karan Gour || {{hlist|[[Rasika Duggal]]|[[Mukul Chadda]]|Chandrachoor Rai}} || Empatheia Films, Bala Wala Cinema, Awe Studios and Timbuktu Triforce Cinema & Entertainment ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rasika Dugal's 'Fairy Folk' gets a release date|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rasika-dugals-fairy-folk-gets-a-release-date/article67824821.ece|date=8 February 2024|work=The Hindu|access-date=8 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''8'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Shaitaan (2024 film)|Shaitaan]]'' || [[Vikas Bahl]] || {{hlist|[[Ajay Devgn]]|[[R. Madhavan]]|[[Jyothika]]}} || [[Jio Studios]], [[Devgn Films]], [[Panorama Studios]], Good Co. ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Ajay Devgn, R Madhavan, and Jyotika starrer supernatural thriller to release on March 8, 2024|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ajay-devgn-r-madhavan-jyotika-starrer-supernatural-thriller-release-march-8-2024/|date=7 September 2023|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Tera Kya Hoga Lovely ]]'' || Balwinder Singh Janjua || {{hlist|[[Randeep Hooda]]|[[Ileana D'Cruz]]|[[Karan Kundrra]]}} ||[[Sony Pictures India]], Movie Tunnel Productions ||<ref>{{cite news |date=28 February 2024 |title=Tera Kya Hoga Lovely Trailer: This Ileana D'Cruz, Randeep Hooda starrer is a quirky take on color discrimination and dowry system|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/tera-kya-hoga-lovely-trailer-ileana-dcruz-randeep-hooda-starrer-quirky-take-color-discrimination-dowry-system/ |work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=28 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Alpha Beta Gamma (film)|Alpha Beta Gamma]]'' || Shankar Srikumar || {{hlist|[[Nishan (actor)|Nishan]]|Amit Kumar Vashisth|Reena Aggarwal}}||Choti Film Productions, Knownsense Entertainment ||<ref>{{cite news |date=2 March 2024 |title=Alpha Beta Gamma: Srikumar Shankar's Film To Premiere In Theatres After Receiving Applause At Cannes Film Festival|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/alpha-beta-gamma-trailer-out-srikumar-shankars-film-to-premiere-in-theatres-after-getting-applause-in-cannes-film-festival-2726775.html|work=Zee News|access-date=2 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''15'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Yodha (2024 film)|Yodha]]''|| {{hlist|Sagar Ambre|Pushkar Ojha}} || {{hlist|[[Sidharth Malhotra]]|[[Raashii Khanna]]|[[Disha Patani]]}} || [[Amazon MGM Studios]], [[Dharma Productions]], Mentor Disciple Entertainment ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/yodha-release-date-changes-sidharth-malhotra-starrer-now-release-march-15-2024/|title=Yodha release date changes once again! Sidharth Malhotra starrer to now release on March 15, 2024 |work=Bollywood Hungama|date=7 November 2023|access-date=7 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Bastar: The Naxal Story]]''|| Sudipto Sen || {{hlist|[[Adah Sharma]]|[[Shilpa Shukla]]|[[Yashpal Sharma (actor)|Yashpal Sharma]]|[[Subrat Dutta]]|[[Raima Sen]]}} || Sunshine Pictures ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/adah-sharmas-bastar-the-naxal-story-release-date-out-see-first-look-posters-sudipto-sen-vipul-amrutlal-shah-2489033-2024-01-15|title=Adah Sharma's 'Bastar: The Naxal Story' release date out. See first look posters|date=15 January 2024|work=India Today|access-date=16 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Murder Mubarak]]''|| [[Homi Adajania]] || {{hlist|[[Sara Ali Khan]]|[[Pankaj Tripathi]]|[[Vijay Varma]]|[[Dimple Kapadia]]|[[Karisma Kapoor]]|[[Sanjay Kapoor]]|[[Tisca Chopra]]|[[Suhail Nayyar]]}} || [[Maddock Films]], [[Netflix]] ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/murder-mubarak-karisma-kapoor-sara-ali-khan-pankaj-tripathi-vijay-varma-team-up-for-netflixs-new-murder-mystery-13689952.html|title='Murder Mubarak': Karisma Kapoor, Sara Ali Khan, Pankaj Tripathi, Vijay Varma team up for Netflix's new murder mystery|work=Firstpost|date=5 February 2024|access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''21'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Ae Watan Mere Watan]]'' || [[Kannan Iyer]] || {{hlist|[[Sara Ali Khan]]|[[Sparsh Srivastav]]|[[Anand Tiwari]]|Benedict Garrett|[[Alexx O'Nell]]|Abhay Verma}}|| [[Dharmatic Entertainment]], [[Amazon Prime Video]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-sara-ali-khan-starre-ae-watan-mere-watan-premiere-prime-video-march-21-2024/|title=CONFIRMED! Sara Ali Khan starrer Ae Watan Mere Watan to premiere on Prime Video on March 21, 2024|date=13 February 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''22'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Madgaon Express]]''|| [[Kunal Khemu]] || {{hlist|[[Divyenndu]]|[[Pratik Gandhi]]|[[Avinash Tiwary]]|[[Nora Fatehi]]|[[Upendra Limaye]]|[[Chhaya Kadam]]}} || [[Excel Entertainment]] ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kunal-kemmus-directorial-debut-madgaon-express-released-theaters-march-20-2024-first-poster/|title=Kunal Kemmu's directorial debut Madgaon Express to be released in theaters on March 20, 2024; first poster out|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=19 January 2024|access-date=19 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Swatantrya Veer Savarkar (film)|Swatantrya Veer Savarkar]]'' || [[Randeep Hooda]] || {{hlist|Randeep Hooda|[[Ankita Lokhande]]|[[Amit Sial]]}}|| [[Zee Studios]], Randeep Hooda Films, Anand Pandit Motion Pictures, Legend Studios, Avak Films ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/randeep-hoodas-swatantrya-veer-savarkar-release-date-announced/article67792215.ece|title=Randeep Hooda's 'Swatantrya Veer Savarkar' release date announced|date=30 January 2024|work=The Hindu|access-date=30 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''29'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Crew (film)|Crew]]'' || [[Rajesh A Krishnan]] || {{hlist|[[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]|[[Kareena Kapoor Khan]]|[[Kriti Sanon]]|[[Diljit Dosanjh]]}}|| [[Balaji Motion Pictures]], Anil Kapoor Films & Communication Network ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kareena-kapoor-khan-tabu-kriti-sanon-starrer-crew-release-march-22-2024/|title=Kareena Kapoor Khan, Tabu, Kriti Sanon starrer The Crew to release on March 22, 2024|date=2 July 2023|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=2 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Woh Bhi Din The]]''|| Sajid Ali || {{hlist|[[Rohit Saraf]]|[[Adarsh Gourav]]|[[Sanjana Sanghi]]}} || Rising Sun Films, Kino Works, [[ZEE5]]||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Woh Bhi Din The OTT release date - When and where to watch Adarsh Gourav and Rohit Saraf-starrer after a decade-long delay|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/woh-bhi-din-the-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-adarsh-gourav-and-rohit-saraf-starrer-after-a-decade-long-delay/8871d1158f507 |access-date=28 March 2024 |website=OTT Play |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Patna Shuklla]]''|| Vivek Budakoti || {{hlist|[[Raveena Tandon]]|[[Manav Vij]]}} || Arbaaz Khan Production, [[Disney+ Hotstar]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |title='Patna Shuklla' trailer: Raveena Tandon's next is a tale of scandal and resilience |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/patna-shuklla-trailer-raveena-tandon-tanvi-shukla-scandal-and-resilience-2513282-2024-03-11 |access-date=11 March 2024 |website=India Today |date=11 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Bengal 1947]]''|| Akashaditya Lama || {{hlist|[[Devoleena Bhattacharjee]]|[[Omkar Das Manikpuri]]|[[Aditya Lakhia]]|[[Sohaila Kapur]]}} ||COMFED Productions, Think Tank Global ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devoleena Bhattacharjee To Make Her Film Debut With Bengal 1947: An Untold Love Story|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/devoleena-bhattacharjee-to-make-her-film-debut-with-bengal-1947-an-untold-love-story|access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== April–June ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;" |'''Opening'''
! style="width:18%;" |'''Title'''
! style="width:10.5%;" |'''Director'''
! style="width:30%;" |'''Cast'''
!Studio (production house)
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="15" style="text-align:center; background:plum; textcolor:#000;" |'''A P R'''
| style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''5'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Dukaan]]''|| [[Siddharth–Garima]] || {{hlist|Monika Panwar|[[Sikandar Kher]]|[[Monali Thakur]]}}|| Waveband Productions, Kalamkaar Picture Productions ||<ref>{{Cite web |title='Dukaan': Sidharth-Garima's Film On Surrogacy Starring Monika Panwar To Release On April 5|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/dukaan-sidharth-garima-s-film-on-surrogacy-starring-monika-panwar-to-release-on-april-5-1668244|date=28 February 2024|work=ABP News|access-date=28 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''11'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Bade Miyan Chote Miyan (2024 film)|Bade Miyan Chote Miyan]]''|| [[Ali Abbas Zafar]] || {{hlist|[[Akshay Kumar]]|[[Tiger Shroff]]|[[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]|[[Manushi Chhillar]]|[[Alaya F]]|[[Sonakshi Sinha]]|[[Ronit Roy|Ronit Bose Roy]]}}|| [[Pooja Entertainment]], AAZ Films ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bade Miyan Chote Miyan makers drop new still from Akshay Kumar-Tiger Shroff starrer to wish Eid-Ul-Adha|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/bade-miyan-chote-miyan-makers-drop-new-still-akshay-kumar-tiger-shroff-starrer-wish-eid-al-fitr/|date=2 July 2023|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=3 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Maidaan]]''|| [[Amit Sharma (director)|Amit Sharma]] || {{hlist|[[Ajay Devgn]]|[[Priyamani]]|[[Gajraj Rao]]}}|| [[Zee Studios]], Bayview Projects, Fresh Lime Films ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ajay-devgn-starrer-maidaan-release-eid-april-2024-faces-box-office-clash-bade-miyan-chote-miyan/|title=Ajay Devgn starrer Maidaan to release on Eid in April 2024; faces box office clash with Bade Miyan Chote Miyan|work=Bollywood Hungama |date=21 January 2024|access-date=21 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''12'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Amar Singh Chamkila (film)|Amar Singh Chamkila]]''|| [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]] || {{hlist|[[Diljit Dosanjh]]|[[Parineeti Chopra]]}}|| Window Seat Films, Select Media Holdings, [[Saregama]], [[Netflix]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diljit Dosanjh, Parineeti Chopra and Imtiaz Ali set to bring Amar Singh Chamkila on Netflix on April 12, see first poster|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/diljit-dosanjh-parineeti-chopra-imtiaz-ali-set-bring-amar-singh-chamkila-netflix-april-12-see-first-poster/|date=26 February 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=26 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Ameena (film)|''Ameena'']]
|Kumar Raj
|{{hlist|[[Rekha Rana]]|[[Anant Mahadevan]]}}
|Kumar Raj Productions
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=In the upcoming women-focused movie "AMEENA," veteran Anant Mahadevan and Rekha Rana deliver a powerful performance. |url=https://www.ptinews.com/press-release/in-the-upcoming-women-focused-movie-ameena-veteran-anant-mahadevan-and-rekha-rana-deliverers-a-powerful-performance-/1388254 |access-date=17 April 2024 |website=Press Trust of India}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; |''[[Gauraiya Live]]''
|Gabriel Vats
|{{hlist|Ada Singh|Randhir Singh Thakur|[[Omkar Das Manikpuri]]|[[Shagufta Ali]]|[[Pankaj Jha]]|Seema Saini}}
|Rare Films, Tea and Poetry Films
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2024 |title=गौरैया लाइव: सच्ची घटनाओं पर आधारित एक इमोशनल कहानी, 29 मार्च को होगी रिलीज़ |trans-title= |url=https://www.punjabkesari.in/entertainment/news/gauraiya-live-an-emotionally-charged-tale-based-on-true-events-1952686 |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Punjab Kesari |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''16'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Silence 2: The Night Owl Bar Shootout]]''|| Aban Bharucha Deohans || {{hlist|[[Manoj Bajpayee]]|[[Prachi Desai]]|[[Sahil Vaid]]|[[Parul Gulati]]|[[Shruti Bapna]]}}|| [[Zee Studios]], Candid Creations, [[ZEE5]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |title='Silence 2: The Night Owl Bar Shootout' trailer: Manoj Bajpayee is back as ACP Avinash Verma|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/silence-2-the-night-owl-bar-shootout-trailer-manoj-bajpayee-is-back-as-acp-avinash-verma/article68023201.ece|date=3 April 2024|work=The Hindu|access-date=3 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''19'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Love Sex Aur Dhokha 2]] '' || [[Dibakar Banerjee]] || {{hlist|[[Mouni Roy]]|[[Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia]]|[[Tusshar Kapoor]]|[[Urfi Javed]]|[[Sophie Choudry]]}} || [[Balaji Telefilms]], Cult Movies, DBP ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/love-sex-aur-dhoka-2-gets-release-date-ektaa-kapoor-backed-film-hit-theatres-april-19-2024/|title=Love, Sex Aur Dhoka 2 gets a release date! Ektaa Kapoor-backed film to hit theatres on April 19, 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=14 February 2024|access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Do Aur Do Pyaar]]''|| Shirsha Guha Thakurta || {{hlist|[[Vidya Balan]]|[[Pratik Gandhi]]|[[Ileana D'Cruz]]|[[Sendhil Ramamurthy]]}} || [[Applause Entertainment]], Ellipsis Entertainment ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vidya-balan-pratik-gandhi-ileana-dcruz-sendhil-ramamurthy-starrer-titled-aur-pyaar-postponed-new-release-date-announced/|title=Vidya Balan, Pratik Gandhi, Ileana D'Cruz and Sendhil Ramamurthy starrer titled Do Aur Do Pyaar postponed; new release date announced|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=11 March 2024|access-date=11 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Kaam Chalu Hai]]''|| [[Palash Muchhal]] || {{hlist|[[Rajpal Yadav]]|[[Giaa Manek]]|Kurangi Nagraj}} || Baseline Studios, Pal Music & Films, [[ZEE5]] ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/rajpal-yadav-starrer-kaam-chalu-hai-to-release-on-april-19-1503287014.html|title=Rajpal Yadav starrer 'Kaam Chalu Hai' to release on April 19|work=The Statesman|date=4 April 2024|access-date=4 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |Appu
|Prosenjit Ganguly
|{{Hlist|Arjun Bajwa|Rupa Bhimani|Abhijit Bhunia}}
|Appu Series
|<ref>{{cite web |date=25 January 2024 |title=Appu: Inspiring Heroism in Every Child |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/appu-inspiring-heroism-in-every-child-india-s-first-4k-animated-feature-film-from-appu-series-101706175458259.html |access-date=5 August 2024 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Luv You Shankar]]''|| [[Rajiv S. Ruia]] || {{hlist|[[Shreyas Talpade]]|[[Tanishaa Mukerji]]|[[Abhimanyu Singh]]|[[Hemant Pandey]]}} || SD World Film Production ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/shreyas-talpade-starrer-mythological-drama-luv-you-shankar-trailer-out-film-to-release-on-this-date-8845327.html|title=Shreyas Talpade Starrer Mythological Drama Luv You Shankar Trailer Out, Film To Release On THIS Date|work=News 18|date=9 April 2024|access-date=9 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''The Legacy of Jineshwar''|| {{hlist|Pradeep P. Jadhav|Vivek Iyer}} || {{hlist|Shubham Vyas|[[Surendra Pal]]|Anil Lalwani|Manish Bishla}} || Mahaveer Talkies, Shri Khartargachha Sahastrabdi Mahotsava Samiti presentation ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/business/the-legacy-of-jineshwar-is-ready-to-release-on-this-mahavir-jayanti-april-19-2024-1/|title=The Legacy of Jineshwar' is ready to release on this Mahavir Jayanti April 19, 2024|work=Lokmat Times|date=9 April 2024|access-date=9 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''26'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Ruslaan]]''|| Karan Butani || {{hlist|[[Aayush Sharma]]|[[Sushrii Shreya Mishraa]]|[[Jagapathi Babu]]|[[Vidya Malvade]]}}|| [[Sri Sathya Sai Arts]] ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ruslaan-pre-teaser-aayush-sharma-starrer-release-theaters-date/|title=Ruslaan pre-teaser out! Aayush Sharma starrer to release in theaters on THIS date|work=Bollywood Hungama |date=23 February 2024|access-date=24 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Main Ladega]]''|| Gaurav Rana || {{hlist|Akash Pratap Singh}}|| Kathakaar Films ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/akash-pratap-singhs-film-main-ladega-first-poster-out-now-13756793.html|title=Akash Pratap Singh's film 'Main Ladega' first poster out now|work=Firstpost |date=5 April 2024|access-date=9 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4; textcolor:#000;" |'''M A Y'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; qaatextcolor:#000;"|'''10'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Srikanth (film)|Srikanth]]'' || [[Tushar Hiranandani]] || {{hlist|[[Rajkummar Rao]]|[[Jyothika]]|[[Alaya F]]|[[Sharad Kelkar]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], Chalk N Cheese Films ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.zeebiz.com/trending/entertainment/news-rajkummars-biopic-on-industrialist-srikanth-bolla-gets-new-title-film-to-release-in-may-282115/|title=Rajkummars biopic on industrialist Srikanth Bolla gets new title, film to release in May|work=Zee Business |date=30 March 2024|access-date=30 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Tipppsy]]'' || [[Deepak Tijori]] || {{hlist|[[Deepak Tijori]]|[[Natasha Suri]]|[[Kainaat Arora]]|Nazia Hussain|[[Alankrita Sahai]]|Sonia Birje}}|| Raju Chaddha Wave Cinemas, Alliance Productions India, Black Canvas ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-deepak-tijoris-tipppsy-release-cinemas-may-10-trailer-may-2/|title=BREAKING: Deepak Tijori's Tipppsy to release in cinemas on May 10; trailer to be out on May 2|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=15 April 2024|access-date=15 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; qaatextcolor:#000;"|'''17'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Kartam Bhugtam]]'' || [[Soham Shah|Soham P. Shah]] || {{hlist|[[Shreyas Talpade]]|[[Vijay Raaz]]|[[Madhoo]]|[[Aksha Pardasany]]}} || [[Shree Ashtavinayak Cine Vision|Gandhar Films & Studio]] ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/shreyas-talpades-psychological-thriller-kartam-bhugtam-to-release-on-may-17|title=Shreyas Talpade's Psychological Thriller 'Kartam Bhugtam' To Release On May 17|date=28 March 2024|access-date=28 March 2024|work=Outlook}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; qaatextcolor:#000;"|'''24'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Bhaiyya Ji]]'' || Apoorva Singh Karki || {{hlist|[[Manoj Bajpayee]]|Suvinder Vicky|Jatin Goswami|[[Vipin Sharma]]|[[Zoya Hussain]]}} || Bhanushali Studios, SSO Productions, Aurega Studios ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/manoj-bajpayee-first-look-bhaiyya-ji-release-in-may-2514678-2024-03-14|title=Manoj Bajpayee's first look from 'Bhaiyya Ji' out. Film to release in May|work=India Today|date=13 March 2024|access-date=14 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; qaatextcolor:#000;" |'''31'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Mr. & Mrs. Mahi]]''|| Sharan Sharma || {{hlist|[[Rajkummar Rao]]|[[Janhvi Kapoor]]}} || [[Zee Studios]], [[Dharma Productions]] ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Mr. and Mrs. Mahi makers unveil release date; Janhvi Kapoor, Rajkummar Rao starrer to release in May|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/mr-mrs-mahi-makers-unveil-release-date-rajkummar-rao-janhvi-kapoor-starrer-release-may/|date=14 April 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Savi (film)|Savi]]''|| [[Abhinay Deo]] || {{hlist|[[Anil Kapoor]]|[[Divya Khosla Kumar]]|[[Harshvardhan Rane]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], [[Vishesh Films|Vishesh Entertainment]], HWY 61 ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Anil Kapoor, Divya Khossla unveil intriguing glimpse of 'Savi: A Bloody Housewife', teaser to be out on this date|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/anil-kapoor-divya-khossla-unveil-intriguing-glimpse-of-savi-a-bloody-housewife-teaser-to-be-out-on-this-date20240504230454/|date=4 May 2024|work=ANI News|access-date=4 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Chhota Bheem and the Curse of Damyaan (2024 film)|Chhota Bheem and the Curse of Damyaan]]'' || [[Rajiv Chilaka]] || {{hlist|[[Anupam Kher]]|[[Makrand Deshpande]]|Sanjay Bishnoi|[[Surbhi Tiwari]]|[[Yagya Bhasin]]}} || [[Green Gold Animation]] ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://theprint.in/feature/anupam-kher-starrer-live-action-adaption-of-chhota-bheem-gets-new-release-date-2/2064403/|title=Anupam Kher starrer live-action adaption of 'Chhota Bheem' gets new release date|work=The Print |date=1 May 2024|access-date=5 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Dedh Bigha Zameen]]'' || Pulkit || {{hlist|[[Pratik Gandhi]]|[[Khushalii Kumar]]}} || Karma Media and Entertainment, [[JioCinema]] ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/dedh-bigha-zameen-trailer-common-man-pratik-gandhi-gets-ready-fight-world-khushalii-kumar-sister/|title=Dedh Bigha Zameen Trailer: 'Common Man' Pratik Gandhi gets ready to fight the world with Khushalii Kumar for his sister|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=23 May 2024|access-date=24 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''House of Lies'' || Saumitra Singh || {{hlist|[[Sanjay Kapoor]]|Ssmilley Suri|Simran Kaur Suri|[[Hiten Paintal]]}} || Sebhariya Pictures, Kaali Movies PVT. LTD, [[ZEE5]] ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/house-lies-trailer-sanjay-kapoor-leads-hunt-truth-investigating-murder-dark-thriller/|title=House of Lies Trailer: Sanjay Kapoor leads the hunt for truth while investigating murder in this dark thriller|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=28 May 2024|access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="17" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''J U N'''
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''7'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Malhar (film)|Malhar]]''{{efn|name="hm"|The film was produced in both the Hindi and Marathi languages, according to the filmmakers.}}|| Vishal Kumbhar || {{hlist|[[Sharib Hashmi]]|[[Anjali Patil]]|[[Rishi Saxena]]|[[Mohammad Samad]]|[[Shrinivas Pokale]]}} || V Motion Pictures ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2024 |title=Sharib Hashmi's 'Malhar' to release in theatres on June 7 |url=https://theprint.in/feature/sharib-hashmis-malhar-to-release-in-theatres-on-june-7/2096756/ |access-date=2 June 2024 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Bajrang Aur Ali (film)|Bajrang Aur Ali]]''|| Jaiveer || {{hlist|Sachin Parikh|Gaurav Shankar}} || UtterUp Films ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 May 2024 |title=Bajrang Aur Ali trailer released – a heartwarming tale of friendship and unity |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/bajrang-aur-ali-trailer-released-a-heartwarming-tale-of-friendship-and-unity/articleshow/110418122.cms |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Blackout (2024 film)|Blackout]]'' || Devang Shashin Bhavsar || {{hlist|[[Vikrant Massey]]|[[Mouni Roy]]|[[Sunil Grover]]}} || [[Jio Studios]], 11:11 Productions ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/blackout-first-poster-vikrant-massey-and-mouni-roy-starrer-thriller-to-release-on-this-date-1306438|title=Blackout FIRST POSTER: Vikrant Massey and Mouni Roy starrer thriller to release on THIS date|work=Pinkvilla |date=17 May 2024|access-date=17 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Munjya (film)|Munjya]]'' || [[Aditya Sarpotdar]] || {{hlist|[[Sharvari]]|[[Abhay Verma]]|[[Mona Singh]]}}|| [[Maddock Films]] ||<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/munjya-teaser-out-meet-indias-first-cgi-actor-introduced-by-maddock-films-in-search-of-munni-1307924|title=Munjya Teaser Out: Meet India's first CGI actor introduced by Maddock Films in search of Munni|work=Pinkvilla|date=21 May 2024|access-date=21 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Phooli'' || [[Avinash Dhyani]] || {{hlist|[[Avinash Dhyani]]|Suruchi Saklani|Riya Baluni}} || Padma Siddhi Films, Dream Sky Creations ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/phooli-poster-out-avinash-dhyani-film-in-theatres-on-june-7-1688285|title=Phooli Poster Out: Avinash Dhyani's Film Is All About Believing In The Magic That Lies Within|work=ABP News|date=10 May 2024|access-date=28 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''14'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Chandu Champion]]'' || [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]] || [[Kartik Aaryan]] || [[Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment]], Kabir Khan Films ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-chandu-champion-release-bakri-eid-2024-kartik-aaryan-sajid-nadiadwala-block-date-14-june-2024/|title=Breaking: Chandu Champion to release on Bakri Eid 2024; Kartik Aaryan and Sajid Nadiadwala block the date of 14 June 2024|date=4 July 2023|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=4 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Manihar (film)|Manihar]]'' || Sanjeev Kumar Rajput || {{hlist|Badrul Islam|[[Pankaj Berry]]}} || Jai Shree Movie Production ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/manihar/movieshow/110340319.cms|title=Hindi movie Manihar, release date, cast, crew, show details and more|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Luv Ki Arrange Marriage]]'' || Ishrat R. Khan || {{hlist|[[Sunny Singh (actor)|Sunny Singh]]|[[Avneet Kaur]]|[[Annu Kapoor]]|[[Supriya Pathak]]|[[Rajpal Yadav]]}} || Bhanushali Studios Limited, [[Thinkink Picturez]], [[ZEE5]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/luv-ki-arrange-marriage-trailer-sunny-singh-avneet-kaur-starrer-release-zee5-date/|title=Luv Ki Arrange Marriage: Sunny Singh-Avneet Kaur starrer to release on ZEE5|date=1 June 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''21'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Ishq Vishk Rebound]]'' || [[Nipun Dharmadhikari]] || {{hlist|[[Rohit Saraf]]|Pashmina Roshan|[[Jibraan Khan]]|Naila Grrewal}} || [[Tips Industries]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/ishq-vishk-rebound-teaser-rohit-saraf-and-pashmina-roshan-starrer-looks-promising-but-fans-want-shahid-kapoor-101715864685521.html|title=Ishq Vishk Rebound Teaser: Rohit Saraf and Pashmina Roshan starrer looks promising, but fans want Shahid Kapoor|date=16 May 2024|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=17 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Maharaj (film)|Maharaj]]'' || [[Siddharth P. Malhotra]] || {{hlist|Junaid Khan|[[Jaideep Ahlawat]]|[[Shalini Pandey]]|[[Sharvari]]}} || [[Yash Raj Films#YRF Entertainment|YRF Entertainment]], [[Netflix]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-gujarat-high-court-lifts-stay-order-yash-raj-films-maharaj-says-doesnt-hurt-religious-sentiments-netflix-given-go-ahead-stream-junaid-khan-starrer/|title=BREAKING: Gujarat High Court lifts stay order on Yash Raj Films' Maharaj; says, "It doesn't hurt religious sentiments"; Netflix given go-ahead to stream Junaid Khan starrer|date=21 June 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Hamare Baarah]]'' || Kamal Chandra || {{hlist|[[Annu Kapoor]]|[[Parth Samthaan]]|[[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]]}} || Radhika G Film, Newtech Media Entertainment ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/hamare-baarah/movie-review/111156755.cms|title=Hamare Baarah|date=21 June 2024|work=The Times of India|access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Pushtaini'' || Vinod Rawat || {{hlist|Vinod Rawat|[[Hemant Pandey]]|Shashi Bhushan}} || Lotus Dust Pictures ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/hrithik-roshan-vinod-rawat-pushtaini-trailer-1236029892/|title=Hrithik Roshan to Present Acting Coach Vinod Rawat's Feature Directorial Debut 'Pushtaini,' Trailer Unveiled (EXCLUSIVE)|date=10 June 2024|work=Variety|access-date=12 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Jahangir National University (film)|Jahangir National University]]'' || Vinay Sharma || {{hlist|Siddharth Bodke|[[Urvashi Rautela]]|[[Rashami Desai]]|[[Piyush Mishra]]|[[Ravi Kishan]]|}} || Mahakaal Movies ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ianslive.in/jahangir-national-university-all-set-to-release-in-cinemas-on-june-21--20240613143005|title='Jahangir National University all set to release in cinemas on June 21|date=13 June 2024|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|access-date=13 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''28'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Rautu Ka Raaz]]'' || Anand Surapur || {{hlist|[[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]]|[[Rajesh Kumar (actor)|Rajesh Kumar]]|[[Narayani Shastri]]|Atul Tiwari}} || [[Zee Studios]], Phat Phish Records, [[ZEE5]] ||<ref>{{cite news |date=14 June 2024 |title=Rautu Ka Raaz trailer: Nawazuddin Siddiqui's cop investigates murder in Missouri village|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/rautu-ka-raaz-trailer-nawazuddin-siddiquis-cop-investigates-murder-in-missouri-village/cid/2026930|work=The Telegraph|access-date=14 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Sharmajee Ki Beti]]'' || Tahira Kashyap Khurana || {{hlist|[[Divya Dutta]]|[[Sakshi Tanwar]]|[[Saiyami Kher]]|[[Sharib Hashmi]]}} || [[Applause Entertainment]], Ellipsis Entertainment, [[Amazon Prime Video]] ||<ref>{{cite news |date=17 June 2024 |title=Tahira Kashyap's directorial debut Sharmajee Ki Beti, starring Divya Dutt, Sakshi Tanwar and Saiyami Kher, to arrive on Prime Video on THIS date|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/tahira-kashyaps-directorial-debut-sharmajee-ki-beti-starring-divya-dutt-sakshi-tanwar-saiyami-kher-arrive-prime-video-date/|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=17 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Kooki (film)|Kooki]]'' || Pranab J Deka || {{hlist|Ritisha Khaund|[[Rajesh Tailang]]|Rina Rani|[[Dipannita Sharma]]|[[Devoleena Bhattacharjee]]}} ||Niri Media Opc Private Limited, Jai Viratra Entertainment Limited ||<ref>{{cite news |date=9 June 2024 |title=Hindi film 'Kooki' infused with Assamese art and culture set to premiere on June 28 in India, Nepal|url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/hindi-film-kooki-infused-with-assamese-art-and-culture-set-to-premiere-on-june-28-in-india-nepal-1024695-2024-06-09|work=India Today NE|access-date=9 June 2024}}</ref>
|}

== July–September ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;" |'''Opening'''
! style="width:18%;" |'''Title'''
! style="width:10.5%;" |'''Director'''
! style="width:30%;" |'''Cast'''
!Studio (production house)
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:plum; textcolor:#000;" |'''J U L'''
| style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''5'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Kill (film)|Kill]]''|| Nikhil Nagesh Bhat || {{hlist|[[Lakshya (actor)|Lakshya]]|[[Raghav Juyal]]|[[Tanya Maniktala]]}}|| [[Lionsgate Films|Lionsgate]], [[Roadside Attractions]], [[Dharma Productions]], [[Sikhya Entertainment]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karan Johar announces Lakshya starrer Kill to release in theatres on July 5, 2024|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/karan-johar-announces-lakshya-lalwani-starrer-kill-release-theatres-july-5-2024/|date=9 February 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=9 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''10'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Wild Wild Punjab]]''|| Simarpreet Singh || {{hlist|[[Varun Sharma]]|[[Sunny Singh (actor)|Sunny Singh]]|[[Manjot Singh]]|[[Jassie Gill]]|[[Patralekha Paul]]|[[Ishita Raj Sharma]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], [[Luv Films]], [[Netflix]] ||<ref>{{cite news|date=19 June 2024|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/netflixs-wild-wild-punjab-trailer-varun-sharma-sunny-singh-co-promise-take-you-on-a-laugh-riot-13783860.html|title=Netflix's Wild Wild Punjab: Varun Sharma, Sunny Singh starrer trailer to release on this date|work=Firstpost|access-date=19 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''12'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Sarfira]]''|| [[Sudha Kongara]] || {{hlist|[[Akshay Kumar]]|[[Paresh Rawal]]|[[Radhika Madan]]}} || [[Cape of Good Films]], [[2D Entertainment]], Abundantia Entertainment ||<ref>{{cite news|date=13 February 2024|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/akshay-kumar-suriya-soorarai-pottru-remake-titled-sarfira-release-date-out-2501291-2024-02-13|title='Sarfira': Akshay Kumar-Radhika Madan's 'Soorarai Pottru' remake title announced|work=India Today|access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Kakuda (film)|Kakuda]]''|| [[Aditya Sarpotdar]] || {{hlist|[[Riteish Deshmukh]]|[[Sonakshi Sinha]]|[[Saqib Saleem]]}} || [[RSVP Movies]], [[ZEE5]] ||<ref>{{cite news|date=21 June 2024|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/kakuda-ott-release-when-and-where-to-watch-sonakshi-sinha-riteish-deshmukh-and-saqib-saleems-spooky-comedy-1319244|title=Kakuda OTT Release: When and where to watch Sonakshi Sinha, Riteish Deshmukh and Saqib Saleem's spooky comedy|work=Pinkvilla|access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''19'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Bad Newz (film)|Bad Newz]]''|| [[Anand Tiwari]] || {{hlist|[[Vicky Kaushal]]|[[Triptii Dimri]]|[[Ammy Virk]]|[[Neha Dhupia]]}}|| [[Amazon MGM Studios]], [[Dharma Productions]], Leo Media Collective ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vicky Kaushal, Triptii Dimri, Ammy Virk to star in Bad Newz; see announcement video|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vicky-kaushal-triptii-dimri-ammy-virk-star-bad-newz-see-announcement-video/|date=18 March 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=18 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Accident or Conspiracy: Godhra]]''|| M.K Shivaaksh || {{hlist|[[Ranvir Shorey]]|[[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]]}}|| Om Trinetra Films, Artverse Studios ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accident Or Conspiracy Godhra': Ranvir Shorey-starrer to now release on July 19|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/accident-or-conspiracy-godhra-ranvir-shorey-starrer-to-now-release-on-july-19-19437441.htm/|date=3 July 2024|work=[[CNBC TV18]]|access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''26'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Bloody Ishq]]''|| [[Vikram Bhatt]] || {{hlist|[[Avika Gor]]|[[Vardhan Puri]]}}|| Hare Krishna Media Tech, Houseful Motion Pictures, [[Disney+ Hotstar]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |title='Bloody Ishq' Star Avika Gor: Staying Connected With My Fans Has Always Been A Priority For Me - Throwback|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bloody-ishq-star-avika-gor-staying-connected-with-my-fans-has-always-been-a-priority-for-me-throwback/articleshow/111829980.cms|date=18 June 2024|work=The Times of India|access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''26'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''Pride'' || Pankaj Kr Virat || {{hlist|[[Mimoh Chakraborty]]| Aishwarya Raj Bhakuni | [[Arif Zakaria]] }}|| Omaks Productions ||<ref>https://www.aninews.in/news/business/mimoh-chakraborty-arif-zakaria-and-aishwarya-raj-bhakuni-starrer-film-pride-is-releasing-in-theaters-on-26th-july20240715154513/</ref>
|-
| rowspan="12" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4; textcolor:#000;" |'''A U G'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;"|'''2'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Auron Mein Kahan Dum Tha]]'' || [[Neeraj Pandey]] || {{hlist|[[Ajay Devgn]]|[[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]|[[Jimmy Sheirgill]]|[[Shantanu Maheshwari]]|[[Saiee Manjrekar]]}}|| [[Friday Filmworks]], [[Panorama Studios]], NH Studioz ||<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ajay Devgn, Tabu starrer 'Auron Mein Kya Dum Tha' to release on August 2: Report|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ajay-devgn-tabu-starrer-auron-mein-kya-dum-tha-to-release-on-august-2-report/articleshow/111501302.cms|date=5 July 2024|work=The Times of India|access-date=5 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Ulajh]]''|| [[Sudhanshu Saria]] || {{hlist|[[Janhvi Kapoor]]|[[Gulshan Devaiah]]|[[Rajesh Tailang]]|[[Meiyang Chang]]|[[Roshan Mathew]]}}|| [[Junglee Pictures]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Janhvi Kapoor, Roshan Mathew, Gulshan Devaiah starrer Ulajh postponed; set for August 2, 2024 release|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/janhvi-kapoor-roshan-mathew-gulshan-devaiah-starrer-ulajh-postponed-set-august-2-2024-release/|date=24 June 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=24 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;"|'''9'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Aliya Basu Gayab Hai]]''|| [[Preeti Singh (Director)|Preeti Singh]] || {{hlist|[[Vinay Pathak]]|[[Raima Sen]]|[[Salim Diwan]]}} ||Rehab Pictures, [[Cinepolis India]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/vinay-pathak-raima-sen-starrer-aliya-basu-gayab-hai-first-look-poster-revealed/|title=Vinay Pathak and Raima Sen starrer Aliya Basu Gayab Hai first look poster revealed|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Phir Aayi Hasseen Dillruba]]''|| [[Jayprad Desai]] || {{hlist|[[Taapsee Pannu]]|[[Vikrant Massey]]|[[Sunny Kaushal]]|[[Jimmy Sheirgill]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], [[Colour Yellow Productions]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-vikrant-massey-starrer-phir-aayi-hasseen-dillruba-set-release-august-9-netflix/|title=Taapsee Pannu and Vikrant Massey starrer Phir Aayi Hasseen Dillruba set to release on August 9 on Netflix|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=15 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Ghudchadi]]''|| Binoy Gandhi || {{hlist|[[Sanjay Dutt]]|[[Raveena Tandon]]|[[Parth Samthaan]]|[[Khushalii Kumar]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], Keep Dreaming Pictures || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/ghudchadi-kaisi-yeh-yaariyaan-star-parth-samthaan-s-bollywood-debut-gets-release-date-deets-inside-2024-07-23-943221|title=Ghudchadi: Kaisi Yeh Yaariyaan star Parth Samthaan's Bollywood debut gets release date|publisher=India TV|access-date=23 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Ghuspaithiya]]''|| [[Susi Ganeshan]] || {{hlist|[[Urvashi Rautela]]|[[Vineet Kumar Singh]]|[[Akshay Oberoi]]}} || Suraj Production, 4V Entertainment, JDS Enterprises || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/hindi/news/urvashi-rautela-vineet-kumar-singh-akshay-oberoi-starer-ghuspaithiya-will-release-august-9-327723/|title=उर्वशी रौतेला, विनीत कुमार सिंह और अक्षय ओबेरॉय की घुसपैठिया 9 अगस्त को होगी रिलीज|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=23 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;"|'''15'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Khel Khel Mein (2024 film)|Khel Khel Mein]]'' || [[Mudassar Aziz]] || {{hlist|[[Akshay Kumar]]|[[Taapsee Pannu]]|[[Fardeen Khan]]|[[Vaani Kapoor]]|[[Ammy Virk]]|[[Pragya Jaiswal]]|[[Aditya Seal]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], Wakaoo Films, White World Production || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-taapsee-pannu-fardeen-khan-starrer-khel-khel-mein-gets-preponed-august-15/|title=Akshay Kumar, Taapsee Pannu, Fardeen Khan starrer Khel Khel Mein gets preponed to August 15|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=12 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Vedaa]]''|| [[Nikkhil Advani]] || {{hlist|[[John Abraham]]|[[Sharvari]]|[[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]]|[[Ashish Vidyarthi]]}}|| [[Zee Studios]], [[Emmay Entertainment]], JA Entertainment ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Abraham and Sharvari Wagh starrer Vedaa release date pushed to Independence Day 2024; to now clash with Pushpa 2: The Rule in cinemas|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/john-abraham-sharvari-wagh-starrer-vedaa-release-date-pushed-independence-day-2024-now-clash-pushpa-2-rule-cinemas/|date=7 June 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=7 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Stree 2]]'' || [[Amar Kaushik]] || {{hlist|[[Shraddha Kapoor]]|[[Rajkummar Rao]]|[[Aparshakti Khurana]]|[[Pankaj Tripathi]]|[[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]]}}|| [[Maddock Films]], [[Jio Studios]]|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shraddha-kapoor-rajkummar-rao-starrer-stree-2-release-august-15/|title=Shraddha Kapoor, Rajkummar Rao starrer Stree 2 to release on August 15|date=14 June 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=14 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="maddock">{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/stree-2-tehran-maddock-films-announces-10-films-theatrical-release-deets-inside/|title=From Stree 2 to Tehran: Maddock Films announces 10 films for theatrical release, deets inside|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=3 October 2023|access-date=3 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;"|'''23'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Tikdam]]'' || Vivek Anchalia || {{hlist|[[Amit Sial]]|Arisht Jain|Aarohi Saud|Divyansh Dwivedi|Nayan Bhatt}} || [[Jio Studios]], [[JioCinema]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/feature/amit-sial-shares-what-made-him-say-yes-to-vivek-anchalias-tikdam/2229740/|title=Amit Sial shares what made him say yes to Vivek Anchalia's ‘Tikdam’|work=The Print|access-date=20 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;"|'''30'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[A Wedding Story (film)|A Wedding Story]]'' || Abhinav Pareek || {{hlist|[[Vaibhav Tatwawadi]]|[[Mukti Mohan]]|Lakshvir Singh Saran|[[Monica Chaudhary ]]|[[Akshay Anand]]}}|| Boundless Blackbuck Films Productions,1 Film Studio || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shraddha-kapoor-rajkummar-rao-starrer-stree-2-release-august-15/|title=Mukti Mohan's film ‘A Wedding Story’ to be released on This date|date=19 July 2024|work=The Print|access-date=14 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Pad Gaye Pange]]'' || Santosh Kumar || {{hlist|Samarpan Singh|[[Rajpal Yadav]]|[[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]]|[[Faisal Malik]]|Varsha Rekhate|Rrajesh Yadav}}|| Prachi Films & Utter Action, Bright Outdoor Media || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/rajesh-sharma-rrajesh-yadav-rajpal-yadav-upcoming-movie-pad-gaye-pange-poster-unveiled-today-2024-08-10|title=Pad Gaye Pange: सिनेमाघरों में होंगे हंसी के दंगे, क्योंकि आ रही है फिल्म 'पड़ गए पंगे', फर्स्ट पोस्ट हुआ जारी|date=10 August 2024|work=Amar Ujala|access-date=10 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="13" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''S E P'''
| style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''6'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Visfot]]'' || Kookie Gulati || {{hlist|[[Riteish Deshmukh]]|[[Fardeen Khan]]|[[Priya Bapat]]|[[Krystle D'Souza]]}} || White Feather Films, [[JioCinema]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/riteish-deshmukh-fardeen-khan-krystle-dsouza-starrer-visfot-release-directly-jiocinema-september-6-2024-see-poster/|title=Riteish Deshmukh, Fardeen Khan and Krystle D’Souza starrer Visfot to release directly on JioCinema on September 6, 2024, see poster|date=1 September 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=1 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''13'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[The Buckingham Murders]]'' || [[Hansal Mehta]] || {{hlist|[[Kareena Kapoor Khan]]|Ash Tandon|[[Ranveer Brar]]|[[Keith Allen (actor)|Keith Allen]]}} || [[Balaji Motion Pictures]], Mahana Films ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kareena-kapoor-khans-buckingham-murders-release-theaters-september-13-2024/|title=Kareena Kapoor Khan's The Buckingham Murders to release in theaters on September 13, 2024|date=1 July 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=1 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Sector 36]]'' || Aditya Nimbalkar || {{hlist|[[Vikrant Massey]]|[[Deepak Dobriyal]]}} || [[Jio Studios]], [[Maddock Films]], [[Netflix]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/vikrant-massey-deepak-dobriyal-headline-netflix-maddock-films-crime-thriller-sector-36-set-release-september-13/|title=Vikrant Massey and Deepak Dobriyal to headline Netflix & Maddock Films’ crime thriller Sector 36, set to release on September 13|date=12 August 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=12 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Berlin (2024 film)|Berlin]]'' || Atul Sabharwal || {{hlist|[[Ishwak Singh]]|[[Aparshakti Khurana]]|[[Rahul Bose]]|[[Anupriya Goenka]]|[[Kabir Bedi]]}} || [[Zee Studios]], Yippee Ki Yay Motion Pictures, [[ZEE5]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/berlin-ott-release-date-heres-when-and-where-to-watch-aparshakti-khuranas-thriller/b75a893bf8221|title=Berlin OTT release date – Here's when and where to watch Aparshakti Khurana's thriller|work=OTT Play|access-date=29 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''15'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Adbhut]]'' || [[Sabbir Khan]] || {{hlist|[[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]]|[[Diana Penty]]|[[Shreya Dhanwanthary]]|[[Rohan Mehra (born 1991)|Rohan Mehra]]}} || [[Sony Pictures India]], Sabbir Khan Films, [[Sony Max]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/new-poster-nawazuddin-siddiquis-horror-thriller-adbhut-unveiled-set-release-sony-max-september-15/|title=New poster of Nawazuddin Siddiqui's horror-thriller Adbhut unveiled, set to release on Sony Max on September 15|date=23 August 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=24 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''20'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Kahan Shuru Kahan Khatam]]'' || Saurabh Dasgupta || {{hlist|[[Dhvani Bhanushali]]|[[Aashim Gulati]]|[[Supriya Pilgaonkar]]|[[Rakesh Bedi]]|[[Sonali Sachdev]]|[[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]]|[[Akhilendra Mishra]]|Chittranjan Tripathy| [[Vikram Kochhar]]|[[Himansh Kohli]]|[[Vikas Verma]]}} || Bhanushali Studios, Kathputli Creations ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dhvani-bhanushali-to-make-bollywood-acting-debut-in-kahan-shuru-kahan-khatam/article68549849.ece/|title=Dhvani Bhanushali to make Bollywood acting debut in ‘Kahan Shuru Kahan Khatam’|date=21 August 2024|work=The Hindu|access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Yudhra]]'' || Ravi Udyawar || {{hlist|[[Siddhant Chaturvedi]]|[[Malavika Mohanan]]|[[Raghav Juyal]]|[[Gajraj Rao]]|[[Ram Kapoor]]}} || [[Excel Entertainment]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-yudhra-to-release-on-september-20-excel-to-launch-siddhant-chaturvedi-as-angry-young-man-1341700|title=EXCLUSIVE: Yudhra to release on September 20; Excel to launch Siddhant Chaturvedi as ‘Angry Young Man’|date=22 August 2024|work=Pinkvilla|access-date=22 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Nasha Jurm Aur Gangsters]]'' || Rajkumar Patra || {{hlist|Rajkumar Patra|Rocky Rupkumar Patra|Yudi|Munni Pankaj|Abhijit Acharjee}} || Patras Glam Entertainment ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/nasha-jurm-aur-gangsters/movieshow/113492052.cms |title=Nasha Jurm aur Gangsters Movie |publisher=eTimes |access-date=20 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Jo Tera Hai Woh Mera Hai]]'' || Raj Trivedi || {{hlist|[[Paresh Rawal]]|[[Amit Sial]]|[[Faisal Malik]]|[[Sonali Kulkarni]]|[[Sonnalli Seygall]]}} || [[Jio Studios]], [[JAR Pictures]], [[JioCinema]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/jo-tera-hai-woh-mera-hai-ott-release-date-paresh-rawal-film-jiocinema/72da809d0b787|title=Jo Tera Hai Woh Mera Hai OTT release date: Stream Paresh Rawal's film on THIS platform|date=9 September 2024|work=OTT Play|access-date=9 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''27'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Love, Sitara]]'' || Vandana Kataria || {{hlist|[[Sobhita Dhulipala]]|[[Rajeev Siddhartha]]|[[Sonali Kulkarni]]|[[B. Jayashree]]|[[Virginia Rodrigues (actress)|Virginia Rodrigues]]|Sanjay Bhutiani|Tamara D’Souza|Rijul Ray}} || [[RSVP Movies]], [[ZEE5]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/love-sitara-trailer-sobhita-dhulipala-seeks-her-happily-ever-after-but-family-trauma-stands-in-the-way-9564587/|title=Love, Sitara trailer: Sobhita Dhulipala seeks her happily ever after, but family trauma stands in the way|date=12 September 2024|work=The Indian Express|access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Binny And Family]]'' || Ssanjay Tripaathy || {{hlist|Anjini Dhawan|[[Pankaj Kapur]]|[[Rajesh Kumar (actor)|Rajesh Kumar]]|Charu Shankar|[[Himani Shivpuri]]|Naman Tripathy}} || [[Balaji Motion Pictures]], [[Mahaveer Jain Films]], Wave Band Productions || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-binny-familys-release-pushed-september-20-september-27-include-special-song-vishal-mishra/|title=EXCLUSIVE: Binny And Family's release pushed from September 20 to September 27 to include a special song by Vishal Mishra|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=15 September 2024}}</ref>
|}

== October–December ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;" |'''Opening'''
! style="width:18%;" |'''Title'''
! style="width:10.5%;" |'''Director'''
! style="width:30%;" |'''Cast'''
!Studio (production house)
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="10" style="text-align:center; background:plum; textcolor:#000;" |'''O C T'''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''4'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[CTRL (film)|CTRL]]''|| [[Vikramaditya Motwane]] || {{hlist|[[Ananya Panday]]|[[Vihaan Samat]]}}|| [[Saffron Magicworks]], Andolan Films, Travelin' Bone Entertainment, [[Netflix]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ananya Panday and Vihaan Samat to headline Vikramaditya Motwane's cutting-edge thriller CTRL; set to release on Netflix on October 4|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ananya-panday-vihaan-samat-headline-vikramaditya-motwanes-cutting-edge-thriller-ctrl-set-release-netflix-october-4/|date=5 August 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=5 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Amar Prem Ki Prem Kahani]]''|| Hardik Gajjar || {{hlist|[[Sunny Singh (actor)|Sunny Singh]]|[[Aditya Seal]]|[[Pranutan Bahl]]}}|| [[Jio Studios]], Hardik Gajjar Films, Backbenchers Pictures, [[JioCinema]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amar Prem Ki Prem Kahani OTT release date: Stream Aditya Seal, Sunny Singh's romantic film on THIS platform|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/amar-prem-ki-prem-kahani-ott-release-date-aditya-seal-sunny-singh/debe5fa363368|date=17 September 2024|work=OTT Play|access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[The Signature]]''
|[[Gajendra Ahire]]
|{{Hlist|[[Anupam Kher]]|[[Mahima Chaudhry]]|[[Neena Kulkarni]]|[[Annu Kapoor]]|[[Ranvir Shorey]]}}
|Anupam Kher Studio, [[ZEE5]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2024 |title=The Signature Trailer Out Now! Anupam Kher Plays Husband Tasked With Difficult Decision In Emotional Tale |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/the-signature-trailer-out-now-anupam-kher-plays-husband-tasked-with-difficult-decision-in-emotional-tale-article-113628611 |access-date=24 September 2024 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''11'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Jigra]]'' || [[Vasan Bala]] || {{hlist|[[Alia Bhatt]]|[[Vedang Raina]]}} || [[Viacom18 Studios]], [[Dharma Productions]], Eternal Sunshine Productions || '''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/alia-bhatt-vedang-raina-starrer-jigra-postponed-now-release-cinemas-october-11-2024/|title=Alia Bhatt and Vedang Raina starrer Jigra postponed; to now release in cinemas on October 11, 2024|date=13 June 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=13 June 2024}}</ref>'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Vicky Vidya Ka Woh Wala Video]]''|| [[Raaj Shaandilyaa]] || {{hlist|[[Rajkummar Rao]]|[[Triptii Dimri]]}}|| [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], [[Balaji Motion Pictures]], Wakaoo Films, Kathavachak Films, [[Thinkink Picturez]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajkummar Rao, Triptii Dimri starrer Vicky Aur Vidya Ka Woh Wala Video to release in October this year|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-triptii-dimri-starrer-vicky-aur-vidya-ka-woh-wala-video-release-october-year/|date=16 April 2023|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''18'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Aayushmati Geeta Matric Pass]]'' || Prradip Khairwar || {{hlist|[[Kashika Kapoor]]|Anuj Saini|Atul Srivastav|[[Alka Amin]]}} || Good Idea Films, Spunk Productions|| '''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/aayushmati-geeta-matric-pass/movie-review/114271508.cms|title=Aayushmati Geeta Matric Pass Movie Review : This social drama makes a strong point despite the flaws|work=The Times of India|access-date=16 October 2024}}</ref>'''
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#f1daf1;" |'''25'''
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Do Patti]]''|| Shashanka Chaturvedi || {{hlist|[[Kajol]]|[[Kriti Sanon]]|[[Shaheer Sheikh]]|[[Tanvi Azmi]]|[[Brijendra Kala]]|[[Vivek Mushran]]|[[Prachi Shah]]}}|| Kathha Pictures, Blue Butterfly Films, [[Netflix]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘Do Patti’: Kajol, Kriti Sanon film sets release date|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/do-patti-kajol-kriti-sanon-film-sets-release-date/article68700284.ece/|date=30 September 2024|work=The Hindu|access-date=30 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Bandaa Singh Chaudhary]]''|| [[Abhishek Saxena]] || {{hlist|[[Arshad Warsi]]|[[Meher Vij]]}}|| Arbaaz Khan Production, Seamless Productions LLP, 8 Aks Movies & Entertainment, Cinekorn Entertainment||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arshad Warsi and Meher Vij lead in Abhishek Saxena's Bandaa Singh Chaudhary-poster unveiled|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/arshad-warsi-meher-vij-lead-abhishek-saxenas-bandaa-singh-chaudhary-poster-unveiled/|date=30 September 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=30 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[The Miranda Brothers]]''
|[[Sanjay Gupta (director)|Sanjay Gupta]]
|{{Hlist|[[Harshvardhan Rane]]|[[Meezaan Jafri]]}}
|White Feather Films, [[JioCinema]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘The Miranda Brothers’ poster ft Harshvardhan Rane, Meezaan Jafri OUT|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/the-miranda-brothers-poster-ft-harshvardhan-rane-meezaan-jafri-out-1503353707.html|date=15 October 2024|work=The Statesman|access-date=15 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Navras Katha Collage]]''
|Praveen Hingonia
|{{Hlist|Praveen Hingonia|[[Sheeba Chaddha]]|[[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]]|[[Alka Amin]]|[[Revathi Pillai]]}}
|Swardhrupad Productions
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Praveen Hingonia's film 'Navras Katha Collage' to release on October 25, 2024: A presentation adorned with a historical journey|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/praveen-hingonias-film-navras-katha-collage-to-release-on-october-25-2024-a-presentation-adorned-with-a-historical-journey20241022135709/|date=22 October 2024|work=ANI|access-date=22 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4; textcolor:#000;" |'''N O V'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;"|'''1'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]'' || [[Anees Bazmee]] || {{hlist|[[Kartik Aaryan]]|[[Vidya Balan]]|[[Madhuri Dixit]]|[[Triptii Dimri]]}} || [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]], Cine1 Studios || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-starrer-bhool-bhulaiyaa-3-set-illuminate-diwali-2024/|title=Kartik Aaryan starrer Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3 set to illuminate Diwali 2024|date=4 December 2023|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=14 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Singham Again]]'' || [[Rohit Shetty]] || {{hlist|[[Ajay Devgn]]|[[Akshay Kumar]]|[[Ranveer Singh]]|[[Tiger Shroff]]|[[Kareena Kapoor Khan]]|[[Deepika Padukone]]|[[Arjun Kapoor]]|[[Jackie Shroff]]}}|| Jio Studios, [[Reliance Entertainment]], Cinergy, [[Devgn Films]], Rohit Shetty Picturez ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2024 |title=Singham Again: Rohit Shetty confirms Ajay Devgn starrer's release in Diwali |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/singham-rohit-shetty-confirms-ajay-devgn-starrers-release-diwali/|access-date=14 June 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;"|'''8'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Vijay 69]]'' || Akshay Roy ||{{hlist|[[Anupam Kher]]|[[Chunky Panday]]|Mihir Ahuja}} || [[Yash Raj Films#YRF Entertainment|YRF Entertainment]], [[Netflix]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2024 |title=Netflix & YRF's Vijay 69 featuring Anupam Kher to release on THIS date|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/netflix-yrfs-vijay-69-featuring-anupam-kher-to-release-on-this-date-13824429.html/ |access-date=11 October 2024 |website=Firstpost|language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''Ella''||Roshan Fernandes || {{hlist|[[Isha Talwar]]|[[Makarand Deshpande]]|Saranya Sharma}} || Prashu Land Films ||<ref>{{cite web |title='ELLA' FIRST LOOK OUT... 8 NOV RELEASE... #FirstLook poster of fantasy-drama #Hindi feature #Ella is out... Arrives in *cinemas* on 8 Nov 2024.
|url=https://x.com/taran_adarsh/status/1849061780858790179|date=23 October 2024|work=Taran Adarsh|access-date=23 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Khwaabon Ka Jhamela]]'' || Danish Aslam ||{{hlist|[[Prateik Babbar]]|[[Sayani Gupta]]|[[Kubbra Sait]]}} || Jio Studios, [[Baweja Studios]], [[JioCinema]] ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2024 |title=Khwaabon Ka Jhamela starring Prateik Babbar and Sayani Gupta to release on JioCinema Premium on November 8, see first poster|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/khwaabon-ka-jhamela-starring-prateik-babbar-sayani-gupta-release-jiocinema-premium-november-8-see-first-poster/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama|language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;"|'''15'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[The Sabarmati Report]]'' || Dheeraj Sarna ||{{hlist|[[Vikrant Massey]]|[[Raashii Khanna]]|[[Riddhi Dogra]]}} || [[Balaji Motion Pictures]], Vikir Films ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2024 |title=Makers of The Sabarmati Report lock new release date: Vikrant Massey starrer to hit theaters on November 15|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/makers-sabarmati-report-lock-new-release-date-vikrant-massey-starrer-hit-theaters-november-15/ |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama|language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;" |'''22'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Naam (2024 film)|Naam]]'' || [[Anees Bazmee]] ||{{hlist|[[Ajay Devgn]]|[[Sameera Reddy]]|[[Bhumika Chawla]]|[[Rahul Dev]]}} || Snigdha Movies Pvt Ltd, Roongta Entertainment ||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ajay Devgn, Anees Bazmee reunite for Naam; film to release on November 22|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ajay-devgn-anees-bazmee-reunite-naam-film-release-november-22/|work=Bollywood Hungama |date=26 October 2024 |access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[I Want to Talk]]''||[[Shoojit Sircar]] || {{hlist|[[Abhishek Bachchan]]|Ahilya Bamroo|[[Johny Lever]]}} || [[Rising Sun Films]], Kino Works||<ref>{{cite web |title=Abhishek Bachchan's next with Shoojit Sircar titled I Want to Talk; film to release in theaters on November 22|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/abhishek-bachchans-next-shoojit-sircar-titled-want-talk-film-release-theaters-november-22/|date=23 October 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=23 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;"|'''29'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Sikandar Ka Muqaddar]]''|| [[Neeraj Pandey]] || {{hlist|[[Jimmy Shergill]]|[[Tamannaah Bhatia]]|[[Avinash Tiwary]]}} || [[Friday Filmworks|Friday Storytellers]], [[Netflix]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sikandar-ka-muqaddar-starring-jimmy-shergill-avinash-tiwary-tamannaah-bhatia-stream-november-29-netflix/|title=Sikandar Ka Muqaddar, starring Jimmy Shergill, Avinash Tiwary, and Tamannaah Bhatia, to stream from November 29 on Netflix
|date=7 November 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=7 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="10" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''D E C'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''6'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Agni (2024 film)|Agni]]''|| [[Rahul Dholakia]] || {{hlist|[[Pratik Gandhi]]|[[Divyenndu]]|[[Saiyami Kher]]|[[Jitendra Joshi]]|[[Sai Tamhankar]]}} || [[Amazon MGM Studios]], [[Excel Entertainment]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/agni-on-prime-release-date-pratik-gandhi-divyenndu-saiyami-kher-watch-trailer/36515dccfc561|title=Agni OTT Release: Here's when and where to watch Pratik Gandhi, Divyenndu, and Saiyami Kher's action-packed film about firefighters|date=14 November 2024|work=OTT Play|access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''13'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Zero Se Restart]]'' || [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]] || {{hlist|[[Vikrant Massey]]|[[Medha Shankar]]|[[Anant V Joshi]]}} || [[Vinod Chopra Films]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/zero-se-restart-teaser-vidhu-vinod-chopra-directorial-urges-viewers-pause-re-visit-first-dream-watch/|title=Zero Se Restart teaser out: Vidhu Vinod Chopra directorial urges viewers to pause and re-visit their first dream, watch
|date=13 November 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Despatch (2024 film)|Despatch]]'' || [[Kanu Behl]] || {{hlist|[[Manoj Bajpayee]]|[[Shahana Goswami]]}} || [[RSVP Movies]], [[ZEE5]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/despatch-teaser-manoj-bajpayee-faces-threatens-to-pack-up-and-go-home-but-stands-firm-awaiting-the-story-to-break-9682869/|title=Despatch teaser: Manoj Bajpayee faces threats to ‘pack up and go home’ but stands firm, awaiting the ‘story’ to break|date=22 November 2024|work=The Indian Express|access-date=22 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''20'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Vanvaas]]'' || [[Anil Sharma (director)|Anil Sharma]] || {{hlist|[[Nana Patekar]]|[[Utkarsh Sharma]]|[[Simrat Kaur]]|[[Rajpal Yadav]]}} || [[Zee Studios]], Anil Sharma Productions ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/nana-patekar-utkarsh-sharma-star-anil-sharmas-vanvaas-film-release-december-20-2024-first-poster/|title=Nana Patekar and Utkarsh Sharma to star in Anil Sharma’s Vanvaas; film to release on December 20, 2024; first poster out
|date=21 October 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''OutHouse''|| Sunil Sukthankar || {{hlist|Sunil Abhyankar|[[Sharmila Tagore]]|[[Sonali Kulkarni]]|Mohan Agashe|Jihan Jeetendra Hodar}}|| Dr. Mohan Agashe Studios||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''25'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Baby John (film)|Baby John]]'' || [[Kalees]] || {{hlist|[[Varun Dhawan]]|[[Keerthy Suresh]]|[[Wamiqa Gabbi]]|[[Jackie Shroff]]|[[Sanya Malhotra]]}} || [[Jio Studios]], Cine1 Studios, A for Apple Productions ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/varun-dhawan-starrer-baby-john-release-december-25-clash-aamir-khans-sitaare-zameen-par/|title=Varun Dhawan starrer Baby John to release on December 25; to clash with Aamir Khan's Sitaare Zameen Par|date=26 June 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=26 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Kisko Tha Pata''|| Ratnaa Sinha || {{hlist|[[Ashnoor Kaur]]|[[Akshay Oberoi]]|Aadil Khan}}|| [[Zee Music Company]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/ashnoor-kaur-on-shooting-with-akshay-oberoi-and-aadil-khan-for-kisko-tha-pata-article-116659650|title=Ashnoor Kaur On Shooting With Akshay Oberoi And Aadil Khan For Kisko Tha Pata|date=25 December 2024|work=Times Now News|access-date=31 December 2024}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Hindi films]]
* [[List of Hindi films of 2023]]
* [[List of Hindi films of 2025]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{portalbar|Film|Lists}}

{{Bollywood|horiz}}
{{2024 films}}
{{Indian film list}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lists of Hindi films by year|2024]]
[[Category:Lists of 2024 films by language|Hindi]]
[[Category:2024 in Indian cinema|H]]
[[Category:2024 Hindi-language films|*]]

Bhikshatana

2026-03-04T09:47:23Z

Piniteinfra: Started new post.

{{Short description|Aspect of the Hindu god Shiva}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image = Bhikshatana Shiva.JPG
| caption = Bhikshatana, [[Annamalaiyar Temple]], [[Thiruvannamalai]]
| name = Bhikshatana
| Devanagari = भिक्षाटन
| Sanskrit_transliteration = Bhikṣāṭana
| affiliation = Aspect of [[Shiva]]
| god_of = God of ascetics
| mantra =
| weapon = [[Trishula]]
| consort = [[Parvati]]
}}

'''Bhikshatana''' ({{langx|sa|भिक्षाटन}}; {{IAST|Bhikṣāṭana}}; literally, "wandering about for alms, mendicancy"<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/monier/serveimg.pl?file=/scans/MWScan/MWScanjpg/mw0756-bhAs.jpg|title=Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary|last=Monier-Williams|year=2008|page=756|publisher=[[University of Cologne|Universität zu Köln]]|orig-year=1899|access-date=29 May 2021|archive-date=18 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018222615/https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/monier/serveimg.pl?file=%2Fscans%2FMWScan%2FMWScanjpg%2Fmw0756-bhAs.jpg|url-status=dead}}</ref>) or '''Bhikshatana-murti''' ({{IAST|Bhikṣāṭanamūrti}}) is an aspect of the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] god [[Shiva]] as the "Supreme [[mendicant]]"<ref name="Kramrisch155"/> or the "Supreme Beggar".<ref>Kramrisch p. 287</ref> Bhikshtana is depicted as a nude four-armed man adorned with ornaments who holds a begging bowl in his hand and is followed by goblin attendants and love-sick women.

Bhikshatana is considered a gentler form of Shiva's fierce aspect [[Bhairava]] and a gentle phase between Bhairava's two gruesome forms, one of which decapitates one head of the four headed god [[Brahma]] and [[Kankalamurti|the other]] of which kills the god [[Vishnu]]'s gatekeeper.<ref>von Stietencron p. 105</ref> Bhikshatana is the form of Bhairava that Shiva assumes to atone for his sin of severing Brahma's fifth head. He wanders the universe in the form of a naked [[Kapalika|Kapali]] mendicant, begging for alms with Brahma's [[kapala]] (skullcup) as his begging bowl, until his sin is expiated upon reaching the holy city of [[Varanasi]].

Another legend describes Bhikshatana's visit to the [[Cedrus deodara|Deodar]] (Pine) Forest to dispense the ignorance of sages and lead them to true knowledge. During his visit, he seduces the wives of the sages who come to give him alms. Horrified by Bhikshatana's "heretic" appearance and actions, the sages have a long confrontation with him. Ultimately Bhikshatana triumphs, establishing the worship of the [[Linga]], his [[aniconic]] symbol. A variant of the legend narrates how Bhikshatana transforms into [[Nataraja]]—Shiva as the Cosmic Dancer.

Bhikshatana is a popular icon in [[South India]], in contrast to [[North India]], where it is of lesser importance. Though Bhikshatana does not have any temples dedicated to him as the primary deity, he is sculpted in stone temple walls, worshipped as a subsidiary deity, and cast in bronze as a temple festival processional icon in almost every major [[Tamil Nadu|Tamil]] Shiva temple. Many [[Tamil language]] hymns sing of Bhikshatana's wanderings, often narrating of the pining of the love-smitten who are enamoured of him.

==Legends==

===Expiatory wandering===
[[File:Bhikshatan.jpeg|thumb|upright|Bhikshatana, [[Gangaikonda Cholapuram]] Temple (1025 AD)]]
The [[Kurma Purana]] narrates that during a particular council of [[rishi]]s (sages), the god [[Brahma]] arrogantly declared that he was the Supreme Creator of the Universe. Shiva appeared at the assembly as an infinite pillar of light and challenged Brahma's statement. After deliberation, the council accepted Shiva as the true Creator, but Brahma remained obstinate. Angered by Brahma's vanity, Shiva—as the terrifying [[Bhairava]]—cut off one head of the five-headed Brahma with a mere flick of his fingernail (an act iconographically depicted as ''Brahmashirascheda-murti''). As a consequence Brahma died, but the spiritual credit he had accumulated over a lifetime of devout asceticism pulled him immediately back from death. Upon his resurrection, Brahma accepted Shiva's superiority.<ref name = "Peterson345"/><ref name = "Rao295ff"/> The reason for the decapitation of Brahma remains the same in the narratives of the [[Shiva Purana]] and the [[Matsya Purana]]. In the [[Skanda Purana]], the trigger is not Brahma's arrogance but his incest with his daughter while in the Bengali version of the Shiva Purana, Brahma insults Shiva using his fifth head's mouth, while the rest of them praise Shiva when he comes to Brahma's abode as a guest. In another instance in the Shiva Purana, when an argument erupts between Brahma and Vishnu over who is superior, Shiva appears as an infinite fiery pillar ([[Linga]]) in front of the pair. They decide whoever finds the end of the pillar is superior. Brahma lies about finding the head of the infinite pillar and declares himself as superior. In the [[Varaha Purana]], in which Shiva is born from Brahma's brow, Brahma calls his son a Kapali and angers him. In all versions, an infuriated Shiva or Bhairava cuts off Brahma's head as a punishment.<ref>Kramrisch p. 259</ref><ref>von Stietencron pp. 106–8</ref> However, all Puranas (Kurma, Varaha, Shiva, Skanda, and [[Vamana Purana|Vamana]]) agree that the head of Brahma stuck to Bhairava-Shiva's left palm due to the sin of killing Brahma, the most learned [[Brahmin]] – ''Brahmahatya'' or Brahminicide. To expiate the sin of brahmahatya, Shiva had to perform the vow of a Kapali: wandering the world as a naked beggar with the skull of the slain as his begging bowl.<ref name = "Peterson345">Peterson p. 345</ref><ref name = "Rao295ff">Rao pp. 295–7</ref> In the Kurma and Vamana Puranas, Shiva's sin takes corporeal form, becoming a ghoulish woman called Brahmahatya who follows Bhikshatana everywhere he goes.<ref name = "Donaldson51"/>

The Kurma Purana further narrates that Bhikshatana wandered the three worlds (heaven, earth, and netherworld) begging from door to door with a host of [[gana|bhuta]]s (goblins). The women of the houses who came to grant him food became enamoured by his appearance and followed him, singing and dancing.<ref name = "Rao295ff"/> Wandering, Bhikshatana reached the Deodar Forest (also called Daruka forest, Daruka-vana or Daru-vana), where he shocked the sages with his "lewdness and nudity" and tempted their wives. Bhikshatana-Shiva made them realise his greatness after their confrontation.<ref name = "Peterson345"/><ref name = "Rao295ff"/> However, in some other Puranas this encounter is placed in a different time period unrelated to Bhikshatana's expiatory wandering.

The Kurma Purana goes on to state that after the encounter with the sages of the Deodar Forest, Bhikshatana continued to wander, visiting various countries of gods and demons before he finally reached the abode of the god [[Vishnu]]. Vishnu's gatekeeper [[Vishvaksena]] did not allow him to enter. Angered, Bhikshatana slew Vishvaksena and impaled the corpse on his trident, which added to his sin. This form of Shiva with a corpse on his trident is called ''[[Kankalamurti|Kankala-murti]]'' ("One with the skeleton"). Bhikshatana, now as Kankala-murti, entered Vishnu's abode and begged for food. Vishnu offered his own blood as food in one version. In another version, Vishnu cut an artery on Bhikshatana's forehead; a stream of blood spurts into his begging bowl as his food. Vishnu then directed Bhikshatana to visit the sacred city of [[Varanasi]], where his sin would be expiated.<ref name = "Peterson345"/><ref name = "Rao295ff"/><ref name = "Kramrisch">Kramrisch pp. 293–4</ref> The encounter with Vishnu's gatekeeper is also retold with some variation in the Vamana Purana and the Matsya Purana.<ref>Kramrisch pp. 297–8</ref>

All Puranas agree that upon reaching Varanasi, Brahma's skull falls off Bhikshatana's palm at a place now called ''Kapala-mochana'' ("liberating from the skull") and Vishaksena's corpse disappears. The sin, personified by Brahmahatya, vanishes into hell. Vishaksena is resurrected and the sanctified Bhairava-Shiva, having bathed in the sacred [[Tirtha (Hinduism)|pond]] in Varanasi, casts off the appearance of Bhikshatana and returns to his abode.<ref name = "Peterson345"/><ref name = "Rao295ff"/><ref name = "Kramrisch"/>

===Visit to the Deodar Forest===
[[File:Bhikshatana siva.JPG|thumb|upright|Bhikshtana, Kailashanatha temple, [[Kanchipuram]]. The young, nude Bhikshatana (right) holding a staff and with unwound hair is worshipped by women, who are seduced by him. An agitated sage (top left) raises his hand to hit Bhikshatana.]]

As told in the Kurma Purana, Bhikshatana-Shiva wanted to reveal the ignorance of the sages, who were engrossed in [[Dharma]] (righteousness) and extreme austerities but had forgotten the [[Samkhya]] (Supreme Knowledge). The naked, handsome, [[ithyphallic]] (with an erect phallus, ''urdhvalinga'') beggar Shiva entered the forest, begging for alms from the sages' wives. They were so enamoured of him that while granting alms, they allowed their clothes to fall off and followed him, dancing and singing, love-sick. Bhikshatana was accompanied by [[Mohini]]—Vishnu disguised as Bhikshatana's enchanting wife, who maddens the sages' sons in love. The sages, unable to recognise Shiva, abused and cursed him, even assaulting him. They cursed that his Linga (phallus) should fall off. Shiva allowed it to be so and the Linga became an infinite fiery pillar of light. [[Anusuya]], the wife of sage [[Atri]], enlightened the sages that the couple was none other than Shiva and Vishnu. The sages thereafter worshipped the Linga. Pleased, Shiva returned to the forest as a beggar in an ugly form with his wife [[Parvati]]. Eventually, he revealed his supreme form to the sages and exalted the Pashupata vow – by which a man restrains his passion, becomes celibate, and roams naked smeared with ash – declaring that such a lifestyle would lead to [[moksha]] (salvation).<ref>Donaldson pp. 52–3</ref><ref>Kramrisch p. 291</ref>

Other scriptures describe other visits by Shiva to Deodar Forest in his Bhikshatana form. The Vamana Purana mentions Shiva entering the Deodar Forest twice as a beggar. Maddened by the death of his first wife [[Dakshayani|Sati]] but chased by the love-god [[Kamadeva]], Shiva escapes to the Deodar Forest and lives as a mendicant. The sages' wives who come to grant him food become sexually excited at the mere sight of him. The sages curse his Linga to fall off and it becomes the infinite pillar. Brahma and Vishnu propitiate him and Shiva reabsorbs the Linga into his body. In another instance, while passing the Deodar Forest, Parvati notices sages who worship Shiva and have emaciated their bodies with fasts and severe vows. Parvati requests Shiva to save them from further pain, but Shiva declares that the sages are simply foolish and have not restrained their passion and anger. He enters the forest as a handsome man, wearing only a garland of sylvan flowers. He entices the sages' wives, who give him alms. As before, the Linga of the cursed Shiva falls off, but eventually the sages realise their folly and worship the Linga.<ref name = "Kramrisch155">Kramrisch p. 155</ref><ref>Donaldson pp. 53–4</ref> Similar accounts of Bhikshatana-Shiva's visit to the Deodar Forest to humble and enlighten the false sages, Bhikshatana-Shiva's emasculation and establishment of Linga worship also appear in the [[Mahabharata]], the Shiva Purana, and the [[Bhagavata Purana]].<ref>Kramrisch pp. 153–157</ref>

The [[Linga Purana]] also mentions the visit of Bhikshatana-Shiva to Deodar Forest to entice the wives of sages, who had taken up austerities "detrimental to the perpetuation of a healthy social order."<ref name="Pal">Pal p. 160</ref> The scripture mentions Bhikshatana-Shiva's deformed but attractive nude black-red form, his seduction of the sages' wives, and the sages' resulting curse. However, the curse proves fruitless in this version. The confused sages ask Brahma for guidance, who tells them the truth about the beggar and informs them of the proper way to propitiate Shiva. Returning to the forest, they please Shiva, who had returned to beg for alms. Finally, he enlightens the sages, revealing his true form.<ref>Donaldson p. 54</ref><ref>Rao pp. 302–3</ref>
In the [[Padma Purana]], the curse of the sages fails. In retribution, Shiva casts a curse on the sages so that they, like Bhikshatana, will become beggars with matted hair and be devoid of knowledge. Those who would still worship him would gain knowledge, wealth, and progeny, and be reborn into good families.<ref>{{cite book|last=O'Flaherty|first=Wendy Doniger|title=The Origins of Evil in Hindu Mythology|year=1988|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|location=Delhi|isbn=81-208-0386-8|pages=315–7}}</ref> In the Skanda Purana, the sages of the Deodar Forest are performing rituals and start to think of themselves as gods. To humble these arrogant sages, Shiva takes the form of Bhikshatana—an attractive young beggar—and Vishnu becomes Mohini, his wife. While the sages fall for Mohini, the women wildly chase Shiva. When the sages regain their senses, they perform a black magic sacrifice, which produces a serpent, a lion, an elephant (or tiger), and a dwarf, all of which attack Shiva, who overpowers them. Shiva then dances on the dwarf and takes the form of [[Nataraja]], the Cosmic Dancer.<ref name = "P71">{{Cite book |title= The Man Who Was a Woman and Other Queer Tales of Hindu Lore|last= Pattanaik|first= Devdutt |year= 2001|publisher= Routledge|location=New York |isbn=978-1-56023-181-3|page = 71}}</ref> The same legend is retold in the Tamil ''Kovil Puranam'' and ''Kandha Puranam'' with some differences.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Goudriaan|first=Teun|title=Māyā Divine and Human|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |location=Delhi|year=1978|pages=41–49 [43]|chapter=The Māyā of the Gods: Mohini|isbn=978-81-208-2389-1}}</ref><ref name="Daniélou">{{cite book|last=Daniélou|first=Alain |title=Gods of Love and Ecstasy: The Traditions of Shiva and Dionysus|publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Company|location=Rochester, VT|year=1992|pages=68–70|isbn=978-0-89281-374-2}} (originally published in French in 1979 and first translated into English in 1984)</ref><ref name="kandha">{{cite book|last=Dr. Akila Sivaraman|title=Sri Kandha Puranam (English translation) |publisher=GIRI Trading Agency Private|location=Chennai|pages=170–2, 366–7|isbn=978-81-7950-397-3|year=2006}}</ref> This legend is also told in the [[Sthala Purana]] related to the [[Chidambaram Temple]] dedicated to Shiva-Nataraja.<ref>{{Cite book|last= Swami Parmeshwaranand|title=Encyclopaedia of the Saivism|publisher=Sarup & Sons|volume=1|isbn= 978-81-7625-427-4|location=New Delhi|date= 1 January 2004|pages = 150–1}}</ref> The ceiling of the Shivakamasundari shrine in the Nataraja temple complex illustrates this legend in a series of frescos, where Bhikshatana is depicted as a white naked mendicant accompanied by a scantily-scad Mohini.<ref>{{cite book|title = Architecture and art of Southern India: Vijayanagara and the successor states|author = George Michell|publisher = Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge; New York|year = 1995|isbn=0-521-44110-2|series = The new Cambridge history of India}}</ref>

===Kapaleshvara legend===
The Skanda Purana narrates that Bhikshatana-Shiva appears on another occasion as a naked, fierce Kapali beggar. Once, at a sacrifice hosted by Brahma, Bhikshatana appears and begs for food. The Brahmins performing the sacrifice try to drive him away, considering a hungry beggar unfit for sacrificial rites. Bhikshatana throws his skull begging-bowl on the ground and the Brahmins throw it out, but another skull bowl appears in its place. Consequently, hundreds of skulls appear, polluting the sacrifice, which compels Brahma to promise Shiva that no sacrifice will be deemed complete without an invocation to him, Kapaleshvara—the Lord of the skulls.<ref>Kramrisch pp. 295–6</ref>

==Iconography==
[[File:Shiva Bhikshathanar.jpg|thumb|left|A 12th-century bronze Bhikshtana in the Nayak Palace Art Museum, [[Thanjavur]]. Like many other bronzes, the separately-cast [[trishula]] is missing from the hand.]]

The iconography of Bhikshatana is discussed in all [[Shaiva]] [[Agama (Hinduism)|Agamic]] texts, including Amshumadbhedagama, Kamikagama, Supredagama, Karanagama and the iconographic work [[Shilparatna]]; the texts are mostly South Indian in origin.<ref name = "Rao303">Rao p. 303</ref> The iconography is quite similar to that of the Kankala-murti aspect who, like Bhikshatana, is associated with the legend of Shiva's atonement for severing Brahma's head. The chief difference is that Bhikshatana is nude and Kankala-murti is clothed.<ref name = "Rao304ff"/>

Though Shiva is often described as a naked ascetic [[Yogi]], iconographically he is rarely portrayed as nude except in his form as Bhikshatana.<ref name="Pal"/> Often the seductive nature of the naked Bhikshatana is emphasised in his torso and buttocks. Though his manhood is fully visible, Bhikshatana is never displayed as ithyphallic in South Indian iconography.<ref name="Kramrisch155" /><ref name="Dehejia119"/> In contrast to textual descriptions, [[Culture of Odisha|Odia]] images of Bhikshatana depict him clothed with tiger skin and other body ornaments, but displaying an erect phallus. He is two-armed, holding the begging bowl kapala in his left hand and the [[trishula]] (trident) in his right hand.<ref name = "Donaldson56">Donaldson p. 56</ref>

Bhikshatana is depicted with ''jatabhadra'' (dishevelled matted locks) or with ''jatamandala'' (matted hair arranged in a circle). A serpent may be depicted in his matted hair, which is also adorned by the crescent moon. His forehead bears a ''tripundara'', the [[Shaiva]] [[tilaka]] composed of three horizontal lines of [[vibhuti|sacred ash]] with a red dot in the middle representing the [[third eye]]. He wears a ''patta'' (ornamental head band)—sometimes adorned with a human skull motif—on his forehead. Snake ornaments adorn his body, and bronze images often depict multiple necklaces, a waist-band, armlets, elbow bands, bracelets, anklets, and rings on all his toes and fingers. A snake is also tied around his waist and a white [[yagnopavita]] (sacred thread) is worn across the chest.<ref name = "Rao304ff"/><ref name="Dehejia119"/>

Bhikshatana is often pictured with four arms in South Indian iconography. The front right arm is stretched out downwards and the hand holds a bit of grass or another plant in the ''[[kataka mudra|kataka]]'' gesture, near the mouth of his pet deer or antelope, who leaps playfully by his side.<ref name = "Rao304ff"/><ref name="Dehejia119"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chennaimuseum.org/draft/gallery/01/01/hindu4.htm|title=Hindu Sculptures: Bhikshatan|publisher = Government Museum, Chennai|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414075634/http://www.chennaimuseum.org/draft/gallery/01/01/hindu4.htm|archive-date=14 April 2009}}</ref><ref>Kramrisch p. 39</ref> The back right arm is raised and holds a [[damaru]] (drum). The front left hand holds a [[kapala]] (skull-cup), used as a begging bowl. The back left hand holds a trishula decorated with peacock feathers. The left leg is firmly rooted in the ground while the right one is slightly bent, suggesting walking.<ref name = "Rao304ff"/><ref name = "Donaldson56"/> He often wears [[paduka]] (wooden sandals) but sometimes may be barefoot.<ref name = "Rao304ff"/> The sandals are unique and identifying feature of Bhikshatana's iconography and distinguish him from other forms of Shiva and all other deities, who are always depicted barefoot.<ref name="Dehejia119"/><ref name = "Morris">{{cite book|last=Morris|first=Kate|title=Illustrated Dictionary of History|publisher=Lotus Press|year = 2006|isbn=81-89093-37-1|location=New Delhi |pages = 35–6}}</ref> Sometimes Bhikshatana's iconography is amalgamated with that of Bhairava, in which case he displays Bhairava's attributes in addition to his own.<ref name = "Morris"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/halebid/hal12.html|title=Amalgamated image of Bhikshatana and Bhairva|last=Gunther|first=Michael D. |access-date=19 June 2011|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080108075829/http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/halebid/hal12.html
|archive-date=8 January 2008}} </ref>

One feature that does not appear in the canons but is often found in stone sculptures and bronzes is the presence of a small bell tied by a string just below the right knee.<ref name = "Rao304ff"/> The bell is interpreted by the scholar Mahadev Chakravarti to be symbolic of Bhikshatana's outcast status, as the bell is symbolic of the [[Paraiyar|Pariah]] "[[Dalit|untouchables]]" of South India, who traditionally had to ring a bell when entering a Brahmin village.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Concept of Rudra-Shiva Through the Ages|first=Mahadev|last= Chakravarti|location= Delhi|publisher= Motilal Banarsidass|year= 1986|isbn=81-208-0053-2|page=66}}</ref> In bronzes, the deer and the trishula were generally cast separately and positioned later in the icon, but since many of these separate pieces have been lost over time, bronzes often appear without them.<ref name = "Rao304ff"/>

Bhikshatana is often accompanied by women and [[Gana|bhuta-gana]] (goblin attendants of Shiva). One of the attendants placed to the left of Bhikshatana should carry a large bowl used for storing the food alms of Shiva. The women, often seven in number,<ref>Donaldson p. 57</ref> are variously pictured as enamoured of Shiva, eager to embrace him, blessing him, or serving him food in his begging bowl with a ladle. The clothes of some of these women are slipping from their loins, symbolising their lust.<ref name = "Rao304ff"/> The woman giving Bhikshatana alms is also interpreted as [[Annapoorna devi|Annapurna]], the goddess of grain.<ref name = "Donaldson56"/> Various gods, celestial beings, and sages bow to him with [[Añjali Mudrā|folded hands]].<ref name = "Rao304ff">Rao pp. 304–9</ref> In some scenes, the sages are depicted as angry and trying to beat Bhikshatana, alluding to the Deodar Forest legend.<ref name = "Donaldson56"/>

==Development and adoration==
[[File:Tiruchchirappalli Bhikshatana.jpg|thumb|left|A 19th-century painting depicting Bhikshatana. Though the statue is nude, a strategically placed shawl hides the genitals.]]

The theme of Shiva as a beggar is not unique to the Bhikshatana icon and his legends. Shiva is often described as wandering the universe as a homeless beggar-ascetic with his consort Parvati's raison d'être being to bring him back to his marital and home life.<ref>{{cite book|title=Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Traditions|isbn=81-208-0379-5|last=Kinsley|first=David|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|location=Delhi|year=1987|pages=35, 48}}</ref> Shiva is also depicted as asking for alms from the goddess Annapurna, a form of Parvati as the goddess of food.<ref name = "Sivaramamurti"/> The ''[[Shri Rudram Chamakam|Satarudriya]]'' describes Shiva as gathering food through begging, evocative of his Bhikshatana form. In spite of this he is described as a sustainer of the universe and of life-sustaining food.<ref name = "Sivaramamurti">{{cite book|last=Sivaramamurti|first=C.|author-link=C. Sivaramamurti|title=Satarudriya: Vibhuti Or Shiva's Iconography|publisher=Abhinav Publications|year = 2004|isbn=81-7017-038-9|pages =47, 92, 94|orig-year=1976}}</ref>

Though Shiva is commonly described as a beggar, the specific theme of the expiatory wandering—which is the core of the Bhikshatana tale—originates uniquely from the ascetic traditions of the [[Kapalika]] sect and its precessor [[Pashupata Shaivism|Pashupata]] sect.<ref name = "Donaldson51"/> Bhikshatana mirrors the role of Kapali (skull-bearer), the wandering ascetic who defends himself with a trident and magical powers, holds a skull-bowl, and worships Shiva (the term Kapali also being used to designate a member of the Kapalika sect). Scriptures like the Kurma Purana explicitly identify Shiva with a Kapali – "an outsider who scares by his looks, and sometimes charms" – in this form.<ref name = "Donaldson51"/><ref name="Smith161ff"/> To atone for the sin of severing the god Brahma's fifth head, Shiva is said to have separated the body of Bhairava from his own and sent it to wander with the skull of Brahma in his hand, a vow that parallels the ''Maha-[[vrata]]'' ("great vow") that a Kapali must undertake to dispel the sin of accidentally killing a Brahmin. The expiatory wandering punishment of 12 years is also given to a ''Bhrunaghna'' sinner—a learned Brahmin who kills another of great learning and good conduct. The vow is prescribed in the ''[[Dharmashastra]]''s, a text corpus detailing ethics and conduct. The sinner should live in an isolated place and beg in only seven houses with the skull of the slain. He must use as a staff the bones of the slain and be treated by society as an outcast. Similarly, Bhikshtana is described as using Brahma's skull as his begging bowl and his bones as a stave. He wandered begging at the seven houses of the [[Saptarishi]] – the seven great sages – and lived in cremation grounds outside a town.<ref name = "Donaldson51">Donaldson p. 51</ref><ref>Rao pp. 297–301</ref><ref>von Stietencron p. 109</ref>

Images of Bhikshatana are found throughout Shaiva temples of South India,<ref name = "Rao303"/> but are almost unknown in Northern India.<ref>Rao p. 307</ref> Sculpted in stone adorning the temple walls of every other South Indian temple, images of Bhikshatana are also cast in bronze as processional icons.<ref name="Dehejia119">Dehejia p. 119</ref> In South Indian temples, Bhikshatana is prescribed to be enshrined as an ''avarana-devata'' (a deity depicted on the [[Pradakshina|circumambulatory path]] encircling the central shrine).<ref>{{cite book|last=Bastin|first=Rohan|title=Aesthetics in Performance: Formations of Symbolic Construction and Experience|publisher=Berghahn Books|location=New York|year = 2007|isbn=978-1-84545-315-2|pages =47, 92, 93, 94|orig-year=2005|editor = Angela Hobart, Bruce Kapferer|chapter = the Hindu temple and the Aesthetics of the Imaginary}}</ref> Similarly in Orissan temples, Bhikshatana may be worshipped and depicted as ''parshva-devata'' (an attendant deity) or ''avarana-devata''.<ref name="Donaldson56"/>

The iconography and mythology of Bhikshatana developed mostly in South India, as did that of another form of Shiva, Nataraja, who is related to Bhikshatana through his legends. However, unlike Nataraja, Bhikshatana is not related to specific temples, but has become "part of the mythological and festival-related traditions of all the major Tamil shrines".<ref name="Peterson99"/> For instance, in [[Chidambaram]] (where a famous Nataraja temple stands), Bhikshatana is paraded in a golden chariot during the annual temple festival.<ref>Smith p. 79</ref> In the [[Kapaleeshwarar Temple|Mylapore temple]] festival, the Bhikshatana icon is paraded in the streets along with four dogs signifying the [[Vedas]] and gana attendants. Shiva is described as sent by his consort Parvati (Karpagambal) to beg as he has lost her ring. Repentant for her harsh treatment of Bhikshatana and jealous of the glances of the women in the streets, who attracted are by his appearance, Parvati's icon rushes behind Bhikshatana and "dances" to win him back. Shiva relents and they travel together to the temple.<ref name="hindu">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/history-and-culture/article304281.ece?textsize=small&test=2 |date=25 March 2010 |title=Lord as mendicant |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110619064732/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/history-and-culture/article304281.ece?textsize=small&test=2 |archive-date=19 June 2011}}</ref>

[[File:MADRAS31.JPG|thumb|upright|Bhikshatana, [[Government Museum, Chennai|Government Museum]], [[Chennai]], originally from Bhikshandarkoil, [[Tiruchirappalli district]]. About 10th century AD.]]
Tamil works transform the terrible Kapali form of Shiva to a more lovable form.<ref>Smith pp. 162–3</ref> South Indian devotional literature portrays Bhikshatana in the Deodar Forest of the sages, but the ''[[Tevaram]]'' by the [[Nayanars|Nayanar]] poet-saints also describes rural women following him and calling out to him. Several poet-saints describe the sensuous nature of Bhikshatana and the love-sick emotions of the women who came to give him alms.<ref name = "Smith161ff"/><ref name="Dehejia120">Dehejia p. 120</ref> However, the references to Shiva seeking alms had reduced to only three or four by the time of [[Manikkavacakar]] (9th century AD).<ref name = "Smith161ff">Smith pp. 161–2</ref> The poems of [[Campantar]], [[Appar]], and [[Cuntarar]] focus on two forms of Shiva: Nataraja and Bhikshatana.<ref name="Peterson99">Peterson p. 99</ref> The 7th-century Nayanar saint Campantar mentions that Bhikshatana wanders from door to door asking for alms with the beggar's call "Ladies, give me alms" and places his verses on the lips of women, who become enamoured of Bhikshatana. In a verse, Campantar rhetorically asks why the giver of all things and one who ends all troubles of devotees—Shiva—is wandering begging for food with a disgusting white skull. In another verse a woman comments on his strange appearance and describes how she is frightened by the serpent that wraps around his body when she approaches to give him alms.<ref>Peterson pp. 123–4</ref><ref name="Dehejia120ff">Dehejia pp. 120–1</ref> Another 7th-century Nayanar saint, Appar, talks about the handsome beggar Shiva, seducer of married women. He speaks of women allured by Bhikshatana's speech and his glance. The women tell that the handsome beggar wearing tiger-skin and smeared with ash had come riding a white bull and holding an axe, and used a skull as his begging bowl. Although he begged for alms, he would not accept any from the woman, deeming them "petty". He did however warn the women of deceptions and cunning.<ref>Peterson pp. 124–6</ref> Appar adds a strong erotic element in most of his verses, where the women directly desire physical contact with Bhikshatana. A woman in Appar's poetry sings:<ref name="Dehejia121ff">Dehejia pp. 121–2</ref>

<blockquote><poem>
As he gazed at me
my garments slipped, I stood entranced,
I brought him alms
but nowhere did I see the Cunning One –
If I see him again
I shall press my body against his body
never let him go
that wanderer who lives in Ottiyur.
</poem></blockquote>

The 8th-century saint Cuntarar described Bhikshatana as having matted hair and skin smeared with ash, and wearing bark clothes and a tiger skin around his waist. He added that Bhikshatana would roam begging for food by day and dance at night in front of a fire, in company of his wife and several jackals.<ref>Smith p. 163</ref>

In more recent times the poet [[Papanasam Sivan]] (1890–1973) composed four songs which describe Bhikshatana. In "Picchaikku Vandiro", Sivan wonders why Shiva roams as beggar and muses that it may be because Parvati is asking for jewels or his son [[Ganesha]] is asking for ''[[modak]]'' (sweets), or perhaps just to show the world that he looks fabulous, even as a mendicant. The "Saundarya Vellantanil" tells of a love-struck maiden describing Bhikshatana's beauty from head to toe and her longing for him.<ref name = "hindu"/>

== Citations ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== General references ==
* {{cite book|last=Dehejia|first=Vidya|title=The Body Adorned: Dissolving Boundaries Between Sacred and Profane in India's Art|year=2009|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-231-51266-4|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/bodyadorneddisso0000dehe}}
* {{cite journal|title=Bhikṣāṭanamūrti Images from Orissa|first=Thomas E.|last= Donaldson|journal= Artibus Asiae|volume= 47|issue= 1|year = 1986|pages= 51–66|publisher= Artibus Asiae Publishers|jstor= 3249979|doi=10.2307/3249979}}
* {{cite book|last=Kramrisch|first=Stella|title=The Presence of Siva|url=https://archive.org/details/presenceofsiva0000kram|url-access=registration|year=1981|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, NJ|isbn=0-691-01930-4}}
* {{cite journal|title=South Indian Sculptures: A Reappraisal|first=Pratapaditya|last= Pal|journal=Boston Museum Bulletin|volume= 67|issue= 350|year=1969|pages=151–173|publisher= Museum of Fine Arts, Boston|jstor= 4171519}}
* {{cite book|last=Peterson|first=Indira Viswanathan|title=Poems to Śiva: the Hymns of the Tamil Saints|year=1991|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ|location=Delhi|isbn=81-208-0784-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Rao|first=T. A. Gopinatha|title=Elements of Hindu Iconography |volume=2: Part I|year=1916|publisher=Law Printing House|location=Madras|oclc=630452416}}
* {{cite book|last=Smith|first=David|title=The Dance of Siva: Religion, Art and Poetry in South India|year=1996|publisher=Cambridge University Press|oclc=199730334}}
* {{cite book|last=von Stietencron|first=Heinrich|title=Hindu Myth, Hindu History, Religion, Art, and Politics|year=2005|publisher=Orient Blackswan|location=Delhi|isbn=81-7824-122-6}}

{{HinduMythology}}

[[Category:Hindu ascetics]]
[[Category:Forms of Shiva]]

Jaanwar (1999 film)

2026-03-03T23:34:53Z

Piniteinfra: improve details per sources

{{For|other films|Jaanwar (disambiguation){{!}}Jaanwar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jaanwar
| image = Jaanwar.jpg

| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Suneel Darshan]]
| producer = [[Suneel Darshan]]
| writer = {{ Plainlist|
* [[Robin Bhatt]]
* K.K. Singh }}
| narrator =
| starring ={{ Plainlist|
* [[Akshay Kumar]]
* [[Karisma Kapoor]]
* [[Shilpa Shetty]]
* [[Mohnish Bahl]]
* [[Shakti Kapoor]]
* [[Ashish Vidyarthi]]
* [[Ashutosh Rana]]
}}
| music = [[Anand–Milind]]
| cinematography = [[Sameer Reddy]]
| editing = Sanjay Sankla
| studio = Shree Krishna International
|distributor = [[Shemaroo Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|1999|12|24|df=y}}
| runtime = 161 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|45 million}}
| gross = {{INR|124 million}}
}}
'''''Jaanwar''''' ({{translation|Animal}}) is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Action film|action thriller film]] directed and produced by [[Suneel Darshan]] from a story written by [[Robin Bhatt]] and K.K. Singh. The film stars [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Karisma Kapoor]], and [[Shilpa Shetty]] in the lead roles.<ref name=re>{{cite news|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/dec/24jaan.htm|title=A mindless affair|first=Sukanya|last=Verma|publisher=Rediff|date=24 December 1999|access-date=23 March 2021}}</ref>

''Jaanwar'' was released on 24 December 1999 and received mixed reviews from critics, where it became the [[List of Hindi films of 1999|13th highest-grossing Hindi film of the year]].<ref name=bo />

The movie has been described as a "rip-off" of [[Clint Eastwood]]'s ''[[A Perfect World]]'' (1993), about an escaped convict who takes a boy as hostage but eventually develops affection for him.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 August 2014 |title=Bollywood's 10 MOST SAVAGE Looks |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-bollywoods-10-most-savage-looks/20140804.htm |access-date=3 July 2025 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> Film critic [[Sukanya Verma]] talked of "obvious influence."<ref name="re" />

==Plot==
Orphaned when his mother dies of starvation, Babu is taken in by Sultan, an ambitious local criminal. Sultan has gathered a group of boys, led by his nephew Abdul, who he trains to work for him. Babu grows up to become "Badshah (Akshay Kumar), a professional criminal working for Sultan. After having robbed a jewellery store, Badshah and Abdul are chased by the police but manage to escape. The next day, Badshah sees Sapna ([[Karisma Kapoor]]), a poor street performer, singing and dancing for money. Badshah gives her a large amount of money in order to replace her ripped and old clothes, and Sapna becomes interested in him. Returning home, Badshah finds Inspector Pradhan waiting for him, and the two threaten each other, engaging in a war of words ending with the Inspector vowing to put an end to Badshah's criminal activities. During a weapons exchange, Badshah and Abdul are intercepted by police, and a chase ensues. Badshah is shot in the arm, and the chaos causes both their vehicles to crash. Inspector Pradhan becomes trapped in his car, and Badshah helps him get out. Despite having been saved, the Inspector tries to arrest Badshah, who manages to escape but is badly injured.

Abdul leaves Badshah and goes to get help. Sapna finds Badshah and takes him to her home, looking after him as he recovers. Abdul visits Badshah and updates him about the heightened police presence in the city, advising him to remain with Sapna temporarily. Sapna runs out of money and is manipulated by her greedy uncle, who tells her that he has arranged a loan for her. Instead, she finds that her uncle has sold her for a bottle of liquor to a man, who attempts to rape her. Badshah arrives in time to save her and states that destiny has brought them together. Badshah confesses his criminal life to Sapna and says that he is willing to leave the city and his past behind in order to marry her and live peacefully, but he intends to do one more job so that they will have enough money for the future. After having made a deal with an undercover police informant, Abdul is arrested, and Badshah is cornered on a building rooftop, but he escapes. Meanwhile, Sapna's uncle humiliates her, questioning the relationship between her and Badshah. Badshah publicly declares his feelings for Sapna and announces that they will be married the next day.

While heading to the temple, Badshah comes across the police informant who caused Abdul's arrest. In a fit of rage, he kills him and flees when the police arrive. Sapna, having been stood up at her own wedding, is mocked by her community. Later that night, Badshah finds a child who has survived a train crash, and goes to Sapna for help. Sapna mistakenly believes that Badshah is a married man and has brought his own son to her. Sapna's uncle calls the police, and Badshah escapes with the child, without explaining the truth to Sapna. Meanwhile, the child's distraught parents, Aditya and Mamta, struggle to deal with their son's disappearance. Badshah attempts to leave the boy at a mosque, but later decides to adopt him. Months pass by, and Abdul still refuses to cooperate with the police. Inspector Pradhan refuses to close Badshah's file, promising that he will neither accept any promotions nor transfers until he is caught. Badshah leaves his criminal life behind and starts a new, honest life as Babu Lohar. Babu works hard to earn money to provide for the boy, whom he names Raju and raises as his own.

Seven years later, Raju has grown up and starts to attend school. Mamta, who is the school's trustee, meets Raju and bonds with him, not realising that he is her son. She showers him with gifts, which angers Babu, as he feels that his son is being enticed away from him with material things. Abdul is released from prison and goes home to Sultan, who assumed that Badshah was imprisoned as well. Abdul concludes that Badshah had stolen the money from the deal and abandoned him in jail. Sultan calls for revenge and wants Badshah to return to work for him. Abdul tracks down Sapna, who now works as a bar dancer in a nightclub, and finds out that she does not know where Badshah is either. Soon, Abdul finds out about Badshah's new identity and confronts him about the money and his disappearance. Babu meets Sultan and tells him to forget his past and leave him alone, but Sultan refuses. Having followed Abdul, Inspector Pradhan arrives at Babu's house and meets Raju. He is impressed with the character of the young boy and decides not to pursue Babu anymore. After a school concert, Aditya gives Raju a lift home and comes across his childhood pictures, causing him to realise that Raju is his son. He invites Babu to his home and pleads for the return of his son, but Babu cannot bear to be separated from Raju and refuses. Abdul tries to persuade Sapna to kill Badshah to avenge her humiliation, but she is unable to do so after she overhears Mamta pleading with Babu to return her son. Desperate for the return of his son, Aditya takes Babu to court and wins the right to have Raju in his and Mamta's full custody. Realising that their son is unhappy with his new life, Aditya and Mamta take Raju to visit Babu, but he is kidnapped by Sultan's men during the trip.

Babu goes to save Raju, but is outnumbered and trapped in a cage. Sultan intends to torture Babu by hurting Raju, using his two dogs. Babu manages to free himself and saves Raju from the dogs, killing Abdul and Sultan in the process. Babu reunites with Sapna, and they decide to live with Aditya and Mamta in order to collectively raise Raju.

==Cast==
* [[Akshay Kumar]] as Badshah aka Babu Lohar (Sultan's Adoptive Son, Raju's Adoptive Father)
* [[Karisma Kapoor]] as Sapna (Badshah's Love Interest)
* [[Aditya Kapadia]] as Yuvraj Aditya Oberoi aka Raju (Mamta's and Aditya's son, Badshah's adoptive Son)
* [[Shilpa Shetty]] as Mamta Oberoi
* [[Mohnish Bahl]] as Aditya Oberoi
* [[Ashutosh Rana]] as Abdul
* [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] as Inspector Arjun Pradhan
* [[Johnny Lever]] as Bajrangi (Badshah's Friend)
* [[Shakti Kapoor]] as Sultan (Badshah's Adoptive Father)
* [[Jeetu Verma]] as Sultan's Goon
* [[Kader Khan]] as Special Appearance
* [[Rami Reddy (actor)|Rami Reddy]] as Police Informer
* [[Dolly Bindra]] as Sapna's friend
* Malay Chakrabarty as Sapna's Mama
* Kumar Hegde as Avinash Oberoi (Aditya's younger brother and Raju's uncle)
* [[Indira Krishnan]] as Rajni Oberoi (Avinash's wife and Raju's aunt)

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Jaanwar
| type = [[Soundtrack album]]
| artist = [[Anand–Milind]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 10 November 1999
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Venus Records & Tapes]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
The music was composed by [[Anand–Milind]].
Anand–Milind had previously worked with producer Suneel Darshan in [[Lootere]] and [[Ajay (1996 film)|Ajay]]. Darshan never worked with them after this film but went on and signed [[Nadeem–Shravan]], [[Sanjeev–Darshan]], and [[Himesh Reshamiya]] for his future projects.
The music featured in the best-selling albums of 1999.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jaanwar among most sold music album of 1999 |url=http://www.naachgaana.com/2011/05/27/top-music-sales-in-bollywood-last-60-years/ |date=2011-05-27 |work=naachgaana.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614210115/http://www.naachgaana.com/2011/05/27/top-music-sales-in-bollywood-last-60-years/ |archive-date=14 June 2012 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1
| "Mere Sapno Ke Rajkumar"
| [[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
| 2
| "Mera Yaar Dildaar"
| [[Sukhwinder Singh]], [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Jaspinder Narula]], Alka Yagnik
|-
| 3
| "Tujko Na Dekhun"
| [[Udit Narayan]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
|-
| 4
| "Angoori Angoori"
| [[Sapna Awasthi]]
|-
| 5
| "Kasam Se"
| Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik
|-
| 6
| "Paas Bulati Hai"
| Alka Yagnik, Sunidhi Chauhan
|-
| 7
| "Jaanewale O Jaanewale"
| Ram Shankar (singer)|Ram Shankar, Sonu Nigam, Alka Yagnik
|-
| 8
| "Mausam Ki Tarah"
| [[Manhar Udhas]], Alka Yagnik
|-
| 9
| "Rishta Dilon Ka"
| Sunidhi Chauhan
|}

==Release and reception==
[[Sukanya Verma]] of [[Rediff.com]] called it a "mindless affair".<ref name=re /> The film became a commercial success at box-office.<ref name=bo>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=205&catName=MTk5OQ== |title=Box Office 1999 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=14 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404040915/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=205&catName=MTk5OQ%3D%3D&PHPSESSID=dfc0170bd04e78fc807ed337537b9c9f |archive-date=4 April 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

''Jaanwar'' was released on DVD on 2000 across all regions in an NTSC-format single disc by Tip Top Video.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.in/Jaanwar-DVD-Suneel-Darshan/dp/B01F45WV8O|title=Jaanwar [DVD] by Suneel Darshan|publisher=Amazon|date=27 March 2020}}</ref> A high-definition DVD version, with audio and video digitally restored, was later released by Shemaroo Entertainment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.induna.com/1000000728-productdetails/|title=Jaanwar|publisher=Amazon|date=27 March 2020}}</ref> Even after ''Jaanwar''{{'}}s box office success, as he had with his previous works, Darshan refused to sell the film's television rights.<ref name="satelliterights">{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharya |first=Roshmila |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/no-satellite-sale-for-suneel-darshan/story-WAKxJMHPYMDIGn5EkEVxtL.html |title=No satellite sale for Suneel Darshan |date=3 September 2010 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=16 March 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119075313/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/no-satellite-sale-for-suneel-darshan/story-WAKxJMHPYMDIGn5EkEVxtL.html |archive-date=19 November 2017}}</ref> The collective value of his films' unsold satellite rights was estimated to be {{INR}} 1 billion.<ref name="satelliterights" /> Darshan finally sold the rights to his films to [[Essel Group|Zee]] in 2017, and ''Jaanwar'' premiered on [[Zee Cinema]] on 2 September 2017, 18 years after its theatrical release.<ref>{{cite web|title=Watch the superhit film #Jaanwar, 1st time on TV in #ShanivaarKiRaatAkshayKeSaath, tonight, 9 PM on Zee Cinema.|url=https://twitter.com/zeecinema/status/903895885108711424|date=2 September 2017|work=Zee Cinema Twitter}}</ref>

== Remake ==
The film was remade in [[Cinema of Bangladesh|Dhallywood]] as ''Mukho Mukhi'' (2001),{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} and in the [[Cinema of West Bengal|Tollywood]] as ''[[Mastan]]'' (2004).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0230347|title=Jaanwar}}

[[Category:1999 films]]
[[Category:1999 action drama films]]
[[Category:1999 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anand–Milind]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Robin Bhatt]]
[[Category:Films distributed by Yash Raj Films]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films directed by Suneel Darshan]]
[[Category:1999 drama films]]
[[Category:1999 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]

Sangama (film)

2026-03-03T21:47:11Z

Piniteinfra: content update

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sangama
| image = Sangama Aud.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Ravi Varma (gubbi)
| writer = Ravi Varma
| producer = Sanjay V Babu
| starring = [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] [[Vedhika Kumar|Vedhika]] [[Rangayana Raghu]]
| music = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| language = Kannada
| cinematography = Shekar Chandru
| country = India
| released = {{Film date|2008|10|24|df=y}}
}}

'''''Sangama''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಸಂಗಮ.ogg|pronunciation}} {{translation|Confluence}}) is a 2008 [[Kannada language]] romantic drama film directed by Ravi Varma and starring [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] and [[Vedhika Kumar|Vedhika]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/double-crore-not-quite-there/articleshow/22431029.cms|title=Double crore? Not quite there|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=28 August 2008}}</ref> This film marks the directorial debut of musical arranger Ravi Varma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/oct/23sl1.htm|title='Golden Star' Ganesh is back|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=23 October 2008}}</ref> It was released on 24 October 2008.

==Plot==
Gajaraj dreams of getting his daughter Lakshmi ([[Vedhika Kumar|Vedhika]]) married to a good guy and is looking out for a good bridegroom. Balu ([[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]]), who is Gajaraj's [[Neighbourhood|neighbour]], has worked hard getting information about the family backgrounds of the proposals he has gotten till now for Gajaraj's daughter. One day Balu gets a marriage proposal from someone who is an [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|NRI]] guy from [[Germany]]. Lakshmi's family members are happy with the proposal and have agreed to it. Lakshmi's marriage arrangements are being made. Lakshmi expresses her love for Balu but he refuses her. When it becomes very difficult for Lakshmi to forget Balu and marry the German bridegroom her family members come to know about her feelings towards Balu. Later her family members accept her affection for Balu and decide that she can marry Balu.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] as Balu
*[[Vedhika Kumar|Vedhika]] as Lakshmi
*[[Rangayana Raghu]] as Gajaraj
*[[Sadhu Kokila]]
*[[Komal Kumar]]
*[[Tulasi (actress)|Tulasi Shivamani]]
*Jayamma
*Myna Chandru
*Mohan Juneja
*Yeshas as Germany bridegroom
*Meghana
}}

==Music==
The official soundtrack contains six songs composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]] with lyrics penned by [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]. The audio of the film released on 28 September 2008.

{{Infobox album
| name = Sangama
| type = [[Album]]
| artist = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| alt =
| released = 28 September 2008 (CD release)
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 26:50
| label = Jhankar Music
| producer = S. V. Babu
| prev_title = [[Ready (2008 film)|Ready]]
| prev_year = 2008
| next_title = [[King (2008 film)|King]]
| next_year = 2008
}}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s)!! Duration
|-
|"Dil Maange More"
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| 04:52
|-
|"Sangama"
| [[Sagar (singer)|Sagar]], Divya H.
| 04:48
|-
|"Madhu Maasa"
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| 04:20
|-
|"Hey Mister Baalu"
| [[Chinmayi Sripaada|Chinmanyi]], [[Rita Thyagarajan|Rita]]
| 03:29
|-
|"Kodu Kodu Varavanu"
| [[Gopika Poornima]]
| 04:10
|-
|"Muddhu Muddhu"
| [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], Sri Vidya
| 05:11
|}

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===
A critic from ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote that "It is astonishing how a producer with experience and an actor with such mass following could agree to this project. There is nothing closely resembling a story or screenplay. The director has managed to make a film that would neither benefit the producer or enthuse Ganesh’s fans. Except for some decent music by Devi Sriprasad, the film falls flat in all other aspects".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/sangama-wake-up-ganesh/articleshow/22376057.cms|title=Sangama: Wake up, Ganesh|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=24 October 2008}}</ref> [[R. G. Vijayasarathy]] of ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' wrote that "Golden Star' Ganesh's new film 'Sangama' does not boast of a fresh story. The movie's theme doesn't have any innovative elements, but it has appealing music and a great performance by Ganesh".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/5763/kannada/sangama/1882/review.htm|title=Sangama Review|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|via=Nowrunning|first=R. G.|last= Vijayasarathy|date=25 October 2008|author-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote that "Nothing exceptional can be said about Sekhar Chandru's photography, though Devi's music still make the film worth a watch. All in all, Sangama ends up as an ordinary fare because of a weak story and ill conceived narration".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/sss/20081027.htm|title=Sangama is ordinary|work=[[Rediff.com]]|first=R. G.|last= Vijayasarathy|date=27 October 2008|author-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' wrote that "A tolerable and passable film from Golden star Ganesh for this Diwali festival is strictly for family viewing".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/sangama-review-kannada-pclwNydjjgdjc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504194901/https://www.sify.com/movies/sangama-review-kannada-pclwNydjjgdjc.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 May 2021|title=Sangama|work=[[Sify]]|date=28 October 2008}}</ref>

==Box office==
The movie had a good box office run initially in spite of negative reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dont-go-by-the-reviews-of-sangama/articleshow/3703882.cms |title=‘Don’t go by the reviews of Sangama |website=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125064925/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dont-go-by-the-reviews-of-sangama/articleshow/3703882.cms |archive-date=2022-01-25}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|3171804|Sangama}}
*[http://www.svproductions.net/svproductions/sangama/ Official site]

[[Category:2008 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2008 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Devi Sri Prasad]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

Noorondu Nenapu

2026-03-03T21:30:42Z

Piniteinfra: put up new article

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Noorondu Nenapu
| image = Noorondu Nenapu Film.jpg
| caption = Theatrical Poster
| director = Kumaresh M
| producer = Suraj Desai Manish Desai
| writer = Praveen Sutar
| starring = [[Chetan Kumar|Chetan]] [[Meghana Raj]] Rajavardan Sushmita Joshi Yash Shetty Archana
| narrator = [[Meghana Raj]]
| music = Gagan Baderiya
| cinematography = S.K. Rao
| editing = Lawrence Kishore
| studio = 3 Lion Production
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2017|06|09|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Noorondu Nenapu''''' is a 2017 Indian [[Kannada]] [[romantic drama]] film set in the 1980s, directed by Kumaresh M.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chitratara.com/show-content.php?key=Kannada%20Films,%20Kannada%20Film%20News,%20Kannada%20New%20Films&title=NOORONDU%20NENAPU%20%96%20MEMORABLE&id=8531&ptype=News |title=Kannada Movie/Cinema News - NOORONDU NENAPU – MEMORABLE |website=Chitratara.com |access-date=2017-06-23}}</ref> The story of the film was written by Late Shri [[Suhas Shirvalkar]], dialogues rewritten by Praveen Sutar, and screenplay by [[Chinmay Mandlekar]] (Marathi). It is produced by Suraj Desai and Manish Desai under the banner of 3 Lion Production. It is the official remake of [[Sanjay Jadhav]]'s Marathi film, ''[[Duniyadari]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/noorondu-nenapu-movie-review-boring-and-slow-paced-storytelling/articleshow/59076245.cms |title=Noorondu Nenapu movie review: Boring and slow-paced storytelling |website=Bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com |date=2017-06-10 |access-date=2017-06-23}}</ref> which was based on the novel [[Duniyadari|of the same name]] by [[Suhas Shirvalkar]].

Noorondu Nenapu stars [[Chetan Kumar|Chetan]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmykannada.com/news-chethans-new-film-titled-as-noorondu-nenapu-330470.htm |title=Chethan's new film titled as Noorondu Nenapu |website=Filmykannada.com |date=2016-10-15 |access-date=2017-06-23 |archive-date=6 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106073652/http://www.filmykannada.com/news-chethans-new-film-titled-as-noorondu-nenapu-330470.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Meghana Raj]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Which-is-Meghana-Rajs-second-home/articleshow/54325464.cms |title=North Karnataka: Which is Meghana Raj's second home? |newspaper=The Times of India |date=24 January 2017 |access-date=2017-06-23}}</ref> Rajavardan,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2016/nov/06/just-because-i-am-an-actors-soni-dont-get-a-red-carpet-welcome-1535717.html |title=Just because I am an actor's son, I don't get a red-carpet welcome |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=2017-06-23}}</ref> Sushmita Joshi, Yash Shetty, and debutant Rajavardhan in the lead roles. It portrays the saga of love and the tale of friendship back in the 1980s.

In August 2016, director Kumaresh M took the Mahurat shot and Bengaluru socialite S. K. Rao rolled the cameras. The major parts of the movie were shot in [[Belagavi]] for its scenic beauty. The view of the college was taken at the University of Agricultural Sciences, [[Dharwad]]. The sensational music was given by Gagan Baderiya. The filming was completed in October 2016, and the first teaser was launched on 1 January 2017.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Chetan Kumar]] as Shreyas Bahadur
*[[Meghana Raj]] as Shruthi Aras
*[[Rajavardan]] as DSP Digambar Shankar Patil
*Sushmita Joshi as Meenakshi
*Yash Shetty as Sainath Rao
*Archana as Rekha
*[[Rajesh Nataranga]] as MK
*Sidlingu Sridhar as Javare Gowda
*[[Veena Sundar]] as Rani Ma
*Sunder as Bahadur
}}

==Production==
3 Lion Production is an Indian production company established by Suraj Desai and Manish Desai. It is indulged in producing movies and is based in [[Bangalore]].
In 2017, 3 Lion Productions will release a multiple-star cast movie Noorondu Nenapu which is a Kannada remake of [[Sanjay Jadhav]]'s Marathi film [[Duniyadari]]. 3 Lion Productions has officially announced to be coming up with various projects down the line.

==Soundtrack==
Gagan Baderiya composed the film's soundtrack which consists of four tracks.

{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| lyrics_Credits = yes
| total_length =
| title1 = Baaro Baaro Geleya
| lyrics1 = Praveen Sutar
| extra1 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| length1 = 02:50
| title2 = Kullam Khulla
| lyrics2 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| extra2 = [[Haricharan]]
| length2 = 03:56
| title3 =
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 =
| length3 =
| title4 =
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 =
| length4 =
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|6410788}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age drama films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Marathi films]]
[[Category:Indian drama road movies]]
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]
[[Category:2017 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2010s coming-of-age drama films]]
[[Category:2010s drama road movies]]
[[Category:2017 romantic drama films]]

Kaalam (film)

2026-03-03T21:00:59Z

Piniteinfra: creating new post

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kaalam
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Hemachandran (director)|Hemachandran]]
| producer = R. S. Kothandaraman
| writer = [[Hemachandran (director)|Hemachandran]] Sreekavi (dialogues)
| screenplay = Sreekavi
| starring = [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]] [[Jayamalini]] Jayaram
| music = [[Shankar–Ganesh]]
| cinematography = Hemachandran
| editing = M. Vellaswamy
| studio = Kalachithra Arts
| distributor = Kalachithra Arts
| released = {{Film date|1982|04|23|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Kaalam''''' is a 1982 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by [[Hemachandran (director)|Hemachandran]] and produced by R. S. Kothandaraman. The film stars [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]], [[Jayamalini]] and Jayaram in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[Shankar–Ganesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1386|title=Kaalam|accessdate=2014-10-16|publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?4177|title=Kaalam|accessdate=2014-10-16|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/kaalam-malayalam-movie/|title=Kaalam|accessdate=2014-10-16|publisher=spicyonion.com|archive-date=3 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203201750/https://spicyonion.com/title/kaalam-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Gopalan
*[[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]] as Jaya
*[[Jayamalini]] as Dancer
*Jayaram (old)
*[[K. R. Vijaya]] as Janaki
*[[Kaduvakulam Antony]] as Kurup
*Meena Menon as Asha
*[[Raveendran (actor)|Raveendran]] as Rajan
*Radhadevvi as Ammini

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Shankar–Ganesh]] and the lyrics were written by [[Bichu Thirumala]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Kaalam Kaiviralaal" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Bichu Thirumala]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Kaalam Kaiviralaal" (Bit) || K. J. Yesudas || Bichu Thirumala ||
|-
| 3 || "Onamkeraamoolakkaari" || [[Malaysia Vasudevan]] || Bichu Thirumala ||
|-
| 4 || "Puzhayoram Kuyil Paadi" || [[P. Jayachandran]], [[Vani Jairam]] || Bichu Thirumala ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0333695|Kaalam}}

[[Category:1982 films]]
[[Category:1982 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shankar–Ganesh]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda

2026-03-03T17:57:10Z

Piniteinfra: added basic stub initial version.

{{short description|Indian comedy drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda
| image = Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Arun Pawar
| producer = Edala Narendra GVN Reddy
| writer = Arun Pawar GTR Mahendra
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Saptagiri (actor)|Saptagiri]]
* Vaibhavi Joshi
}}
| music = [[Vijai Bulganin]]
| cinematography = Praveen Vanamali<ref name="S">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/140619/good-script-key-to-cinematography-praveen-vanamali.html|title=Good script key to cinematography: Praveen Vanamali|date=14 June 2019|website=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=25 April 2022|archive-date=25 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425055332/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/140619/good-script-key-to-cinematography-praveen-vanamali.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| studio = Siva Sivam Films
| released = {{film date|df=y|2019|6|14|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/saptagiris-vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-to-clash-with-taapsee-pannus-game-over-on-june-14/articleshow/69736502.cms|title=Saptagiri's 'Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda' to clash with Taapsee Pannu's 'Game Over' on June 14|newspaper=The Times of India|date=11 June 2019 |access-date=2022-04-25|archive-date=2022-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425091758/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/saptagiris-vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-to-clash-with-taapsee-pannus-game-over-on-june-14/articleshow/69736502.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| country = India
| runtime =
| language = Telugu
}}
'''''Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda''''' is a 2019 Indian Telugu comedy drama film directed by Arun Pawar and starring [[Saptagiri (actor)|Saptagiri]] and Vaibhavi Joshi.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-first-look-of-the-saptagiri-starrer-unveiled/articleshow/67722153.cms| title='Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda': First look of the Saptagiri starrer unveiled| publisher=Times of India| accessdate=28 January 2019| archive-date=29 January 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129202906/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-first-look-of-the-saptagiri-starrer-unveiled/articleshow/67722153.cms| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-the-saptagiri-starrer-all-set-for-a-may-release/articleshow/68918308.cms|title='Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda': The Saptagiri starrer all set for a May release|publisher=Times Of India|accessdate=27 Apr 2019|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419053635/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-the-saptagiri-starrer-all-set-for-a-may-release/articleshow/68918308.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-saptagiris-comedy-drama-gets-u/a-certificate/articleshow/69232916.cms|title='Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda': Saptagiri's comedy drama gets U/A certificate|newspaper=The Times of India|date=8 May 2019 |access-date=2022-04-25|archive-date=2022-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425091759/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-saptagiris-comedy-drama-gets-u/a-certificate/articleshow/69232916.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-the-saptagiri-starrer-wraps-up-shooting/articleshow/68426196.cms|title='Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda': The Saptagiri starrer wraps up shooting|newspaper=The Times of India|date=15 March 2019 |access-date=2022-04-25|archive-date=2022-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425091759/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-the-saptagiri-starrer-wraps-up-shooting/articleshow/68426196.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/the-first-look-of-saptagiris-vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-is-out/articleshow/67726033.cms|title=The first look of Saptagiri's Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda is out|newspaper=The Times of India|date=28 January 2019 |access-date=2022-04-25|archive-date=2022-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425091800/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/the-first-look-of-saptagiris-vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-is-out/articleshow/67726033.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Saptagiri (actor)|Saptagiri]] as Govind
*Vaibhavi Joshi as Tripura Sundari
*Viren Thambidorai as Naryana
*John Kottoly as DD Baba
*[[Archana Shastry|Veda]] as an MLA
*[[Srinivasa Reddy]]
*Temper Vamsi
*[[Venu Yeldandi]]
*Jabardasth Avinash
*Appa Rao
*[[Jasper (actor)|Jasper]]
*[[Prashanth Siddi]] as Doctor
}}

==Production==
The film is directed by Arun Pawar, who previously directed ''Best Actors'' (2015) and ''[[Saptagiri Express (film)|Saptagiri Express]]'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-first-look-of-the-saptagiri-starrer-unveiled/articleshow/67722153.cms|title='Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda': First look of the Saptagiri starrer unveiled|newspaper=The Times of India|date=28 January 2019 |access-date=2019-06-09|archive-date=2019-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601122748/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-first-look-of-the-saptagiri-starrer-unveiled/articleshow/67722153.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Saptagiri plays a desperate thief named Govindu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/saptagiris-next-titled-vajra-kavachadhara-govinda/articleshow/67348059.cms|title=Saptagiri's next titled Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda|newspaper=The Times of India|date=2 January 2019 |access-date=2022-04-25|archive-date=2022-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425091606/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/saptagiris-next-titled-vajra-kavachadhara-govinda/articleshow/67348059.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The film includes portions shot in [[Belum Caves]].<ref name="S"/>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda
| type = film
| artist = [[Vijai Bulganin]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2019
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 14:39
| label = Aditya Music<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gaana.com/album/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda|title=Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda Songs: Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda MP3 Telugu Songs by Bulganin Online Free on Gaana.com|via=gaana.com|access-date=2019-06-09|archive-date=2019-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609141929/https://gaana.com/album/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda|url-status=live}}</ref>
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Sapthagiri LLB]]
| prev_year = 2017
| year = 2019
| next_title = [[Meet Cute (TV series)|Meet Cute]]
| next_year = 2022
}}

Music composed by [[Vijai Bulganin]]. Music acquired by [[Aditya Music]].
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 14:39
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Jindagi
| lyrics1 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra1 = [[Kaala Bhairava]]
| length1 = 3:41

| title2 = Keechu Rayi
| lyrics2 = Ramajogayya Sastry
| extra2 = Vijay Bulganin
| length2 = 4:78

| title3 = Murari Murari
| lyrics3 = Ramajogayya Sastry
| extra3 = [[Spoorthi Yadagiri|Spoorthi Jithender]]
| length3 = 4:10

| title4 = Chinnoda
| lyrics4 = Suresh Banisetti
| extra4 = Lokeshwar
| length4 = 1:90

| title5 = Chorus
| extra5 = [[ S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Manu, [[S. P. B. Charan]], Kousalya, Nishma
| length5 = 4:32

}}

==Reception==
Neeshita Nyayapati of ''The Times of India'' gave the film a rating of 1.5/5 and said that "An overblown drama is all you get in lieu of an exciting treasure hunt".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda/movieshow/67710314.cms|title=Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda Movie Review by the Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2019-06-09|archive-date=2019-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610050651/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda/movieshow/67710314.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/vajram-kavachadhara-govindam-movie-review-highlights-sapthagiris-film-is-an-overblown-drama/articleshow/69783871.cms|title=Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda movie review highlights: Sapthagiri's film is an overblown drama|newspaper=The Times of India|date=14 June 2019 |access-date=2022-04-25|archive-date=2022-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425091758/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/vajram-kavachadhara-govindam-movie-review-highlights-sapthagiris-film-is-an-overblown-drama/articleshow/69783871.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Murali Krishna CH of ''The New Indian Express'' wrote that "To say the least, VKG is a bland, boring and unintentionally amusing saga that plods on for over 140-minutes".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/jun/16/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-review-an-over-the-top-experience-1990479.html|title=Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda review: An over-the-top experience|website=The New Indian Express|date=16 June 2019 |access-date=2022-04-25|archive-date=2021-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227003531/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/jun/16/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-review-an-over-the-top-experience-1990479.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''123 Telugu'' wrote that "On the whole, Vajra Kavachadara Govinda is commercial drama which does not have anything going its way. The plot is weak and the treatment is even more disappointing. Except for Sapatgiri’s sincere performance and some comedy, this film falls flat in many aspects".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-telugu-movie-review.html|title=Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda Telugu Movie Review|date=15 June 2019|access-date=25 April 2022|archive-date=3 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703231643/https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-telugu-movie-review.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-61359|title=Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda Movie Review & Rating|date=14 June 2019|website=www.thehansindia.com|access-date=25 April 2022|archive-date=25 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425091847/https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/vajra-kavachadhara-govinda-61359|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.sakshi.com/entertainment/2019/06/14/movie-review-vajra-kavachadhara-govinda|title=Movie Review: Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda|date=14 June 2019|website=Sakshi Post|access-date=25 April 2022|archive-date=25 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425064457/https://english.sakshi.com/entertainment/2019/06/14/movie-review-vajra-kavachadhara-govinda|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{imdbtitle|tt9561782}}
[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:2019 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vijai Bulganin]]

Pallikoodam (film)

2026-03-03T04:38:00Z

Piniteinfra: put up new info

{{distinguish|text=the traditional schooling system [[Pallikoodam]] or the [[Pallikoodam (school)]] in [[Kottayam]], Kerala}}
{{Long plot|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Pallikoodam 2007.jpg
| director = [[Thangar Bachan]]
| based_on = {{based on |''Kalavadiya Pozhudhugal''|Thangar Bachan}}
| producer = Viswas Sundar
| writer =
| studio = Vishwas films
| starring = [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] [[Narain (actor)|Narain]] [[Thangar Bachchan]] [[Sriya Reddy]] [[Seeman]]
| cinematography = [[Thangar Bachan]]
| music = [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]]
| released = {{Film date|2007|08|10|df=yes}}
| editing =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Pallikoodam''''' ({{Translation|School}}) is a 2007 Indian [[Tamil language]] film directed and cinematographed by [[Thangar Bachan]].The film stars [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]], [[Narain (actor)|Narain]], [[Sriya Reddy]], [[Seeman]] and the director himself. It deals with four different periods – 1978, 1983, 1991 and 2004.

== Plot ==
The movie revolves around an ailing school in a village in Cuddalore district where the land owner wants to demolish the school while the old students prevent the school from getting shut. Kokila (Sneha) works in the school where she had also studied. The school was constructed by Kokila's grandfather years ago and dispute arises between her family members, where her uncle wanted to demolish the school and sell the land as the school is in a very bad state.

The school teachers come up with a plan of organising an alumni get together, so that the school can be saved. Kumarasamy aka Kumar (Thagar Bachan) is a poor man who lives in the same village and is the classmate of Kokila. He is sent to Kanchipuram to meet the district collector Vetrivel (Naren) who also happens to be the alumni of the same school. Vetri and Kumar were close friends during childhood and both feel happy meeting after years. Meanwhile, the two also get to meet Muthu (Seeman) who is a film director now and is also their close friend. All the three friends get united after many years.

A flashback is shown where Vetri, Kumar and Muthu were close friends during schooldays. All three belong to poor families and Vetri falls in love with his classmate Kokila, who is a rich girl. Jency (Shriya) is a nurse who visits the village for conducting a medical camp. All three boys get closer to Jhansi as she is kind and she looks after them very well. Jency takes care of Muthu's education after his father's sudden death.

Meanwhile, Vetri and Kokila's love affair is known to her family members and they accuse that Jency helped the love and insults her in front of the villagers. Jency gets hurt and leaves the village. Muthu also leaves the village along with her . Vetri goes out of village for undergraduation. Vetri clears civil services and comes back to village with plans of marrying Kokila in a registrar office. But Kokila refuses getting married without her family's consent and requests Vetri to meet her parents once with the hope that they would agree as he is well educated now. But, Kokila's father beat Vetri and his father and in the fight, Vetri's father dies. Kokila's family members lock her in a room. Vetri gets furious that Kokila didn't turn up at the time of his visit and also worries due to his father's death. Vetri decides to leave the village with no plans of returning again.

Coming back to present, all three friends meet and share their old good memories. Muthu is married and he takes care of Jency still. Also Kumar is married. Kumar describes the pathetic state of their old school in village and requests them to take some action to prevent it from getting shut. The friends decides to try all means to conduct an alumni reunion. But Vetri is not interested to return to the village as he has been humiliated by Kokila's family members long time ago. Kumar and Muthu convince Vetri to come to village. Kokila still loves Vetri but Kumar lies to Kokila that Vetri is married which makes Kokila angry. Kokila feels that Vetri has ditched her and started a new life while she still loves him.

An event has been organised to celebrate the 75th year of the school by inviting all the alumni. Vetri and Muthu are invited as special guests as that would make the event more popular. Vetri and Muthu arrive at the village and visit their school. Vetri and Kokila do not talk to each other. The event is organised in a grand manner and this attracts the media attention also. But still the land owner wants to demolish the school. Vetri files a case on behalf of the school against Kokila's uncle and gets the verdict in favour of the school. The event successfully happens and everyone feels happy that the school is saved as many alumni donate for renovation works.

Now Kumar informs the truth that Vetri is not yet married and he just lied so that Kokila will forget him and make her mind for marrying someone else. Kokila understands Vetri's love meanwhile Vetri also understands that Kokila was helpless and was locked up by her family members while Vetri was beaten. Vetri and Kokila get united at last. Kumar rejects Muthu offering him money since he feels that this habit will occur and it will split their friendship, He vows that his son will be educated in the school and become a successful person. After the event, Kumar goes to his school and sits in class at his spot, to which triggers a memory from his school days where he got scolding from his teacher for sleeping.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] as Kokila
** Shreya Gupto as child Kokila
* [[Narain (actor)|Narain]] as Vetrivel
* [[Thangar Bachchan]] as Kumarasamy
* [[Sriya Reddy]] as Jency
* [[Seeman]] as Muthuvel
* [[Meenal]] as Vasantha
* [[V. Sekhar]] as Educational officer
* [[Nagineedu]] as Kokila's Uncle
}}

==Production==
The film was launched in August 2004 with [[R. Madhavan|Madhavan]] and [[Cheran (director)|Cheran]] in leading roles. They later opted out of the project.<ref>{{cite web |title=Madhavan and Cheran in 'Pallikoodam' |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/pallikoodam.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040827072223/http://www.behindwoods.com/pallikoodam.html |archive-date=27 August 2004 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Behindwoods.com}}</ref> [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]'s disinterest in working as an actor prompted Thangar Bachan to sign on [[Seeman]] to play a role in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2022 |title="I FIGURED THIS WAS MY BEST CHANCE!" GAUTHAM MENON ON THANGAR BACHAN'S KARUMEGANGAL KALAIGINDRANA |url=https://www.thenewstuff.in/i-figured-was-my-best-chance-gautham-menon-thangar-bachans-karumegangal-kalaigindrana |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011040334/https://www.thenewstuff.in/i-figured-was-my-best-chance-gautham-menon-thangar-bachans-karumegangal-kalaigindrana |archive-date=11 October 2023 |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=The New Stuff}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]].
{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics
|-
| "Meendum Pallikku" || Bharadwaj || [[Snehan]]
|-
| "Indha Nimidam" || [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Janani Bharadwaj]] || [[Na. Muthukumar]]
|-
| "Kaadu Padhungurome" || rowspan=2|Ramji Isai Mazhalai || rowspan=2|[[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
|-
| "9 Manikku 9 Manikku"
|-
| "Manasu Marugudhe" || Subiksha, Narayanan || Thenmozhi
|-
| "Rose Mary" || Gaana Ulaganathan, [[Surmukhi Raman]] || Gaana Ulaganathan
|}

== Accolades ==
Thangar Bachan won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Director]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2010 |title=Rajini, Kamal win best actor awards |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/09/29/stories/2009092950250100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408045929/http://www.hindu.com/2009/09/29/stories/2009092950250100.htm |archive-date=8 April 2010 |access-date=31 March 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
Rajaneesh Vilakudy of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote, "while Pallikkoodam lacks the class of ''Azhagi'', you can at least return home with memories of your school life."<ref>{{cite web |last=Vilakudy |first=Rajaneesh |date=13 August 2007 |title=Pallikoodam: School revisited |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/aug/13palli.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330052836/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/aug/13palli.htm |archive-date=30 March 2016 |access-date=12 February 2016 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Nidarsana of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the acting of star cast, Bharadwaj's music, climax and cinematography and concluded despite flaws here and there, one can appreciate Thangar for giving an realistic film.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=நிதர்ஸனா |date=26 August 2007 |title=பள்ளிக்கூடம் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2007-08-26/page/16/mode/2up |access-date=16 May 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=16 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote, "The movie is a concept that had the potential to but didn't quite transform into a celluloid classic".<ref>{{cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=20 August 2007 |title=Pallikoodam |url=http://chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/Aug2007/08pallikoodam.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011003953/http://chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/Aug2007/08pallikoodam.asp |archive-date=11 October 2007 |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Thangar Bachan}}
{{TamilNaduStateFilmAwardBestFilm}}

[[Category:2007 Indian films]]
[[Category:2007 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Thangar Bachan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bharadwaj (composer)]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Thegidi

2026-03-03T03:30:05Z

Piniteinfra: added first article v1

{{Short description|2014 Indian film by P. Ramesh}}
{{More plot|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Thegidi.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = P. Ramesh
| writer = P. Ramesh
| producer = [[C. V. Kumar]] C. Senthil Kumar T. E. Abinesh
| starring = [[Ashok Selvan]] [[Janani (actress)|Janani]]
| cinematography = Dinesh B. Krishnan
| editing = [[Leo John Paul]]
| music = [[Nivas K. Prasanna]]
| studio = [[Thirukumaran Entertainment]] Vel Media
| distributor = ABI TCS Studios
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|02|28}}
| runtime = 116 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}2.4 [[crore]]<ref name="idlebrain1">{{Cite web |date=20 March 2014 |title=Interview with filmmaker CV Kumar |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/cvkumar.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323071735/http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/cvkumar.html |archive-date=23 March 2014 |access-date=30 May 2014 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>
}}
'''''Thegidi''''' ({{translation|Dice / Deception}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[neo-noir]] [[mystery film|mystery]] [[thriller film]] directed by P. Ramesh and co-produced by [[C. V. Kumar]]. The film stars [[Ashok Selvan]] and [[Janani (actress)|Janani]], while [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]], [[Kaali Venkat]], Jayakumar, Pradeep K. Vijayan, and Rajan Iyer play supporting roles. The music was composed by [[Nivas K. Prasanna]] with cinematography by Dinesh B. Krishnan and editing by [[Leo John Paul]]. The film was released on 28 February 2014 and became a commercial success. It was remade in [[Malayalam]] as ''[[Chanakya Thanthram]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=10 Remakes From Other Languages That Worked In Malayalam |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/malayalam-movies-remakes-from-tamil-hindi-kannada-cocktail-happy-husbands-medulla-oblongata |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250614032439/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/malayalam-movies-remakes-from-tamil-hindi-kannada-cocktail-happy-husbands-medulla-oblongata |archive-date=14 June 2025 |access-date=14 June 2025 |website=[[Film Companion]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Vetri, a criminology student turned detective, investigates a series of murders linked to a forged insurance scam, only to discover his mentor Govardhan's involvement in the crime, leading to Govardhan's confession and suicide, and the revelation that a mysterious figure, Vallabha, is behind it all, setting up a sequel.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Ashok Selvan]] as Vetri
* [[Janani (actress)|Janani]] as Madhusree
* [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Inspector Raghuram
* [[Kaali Venkat]] as Nambi
* Jayakumar as Sailesh
* Pradeep K Vijayan as Poornachandran (Sadagoppan)
* Rajan Iyer<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 March 2014 |title=விமர்சனம்: தெகிடி |url=http://www.maalaimalar.com/2014/03/01105555/Thegidi-Movie-Review.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208045147/http://www.maalaimalar.com/2014/03/01105555/Thegidi-Movie-Review.html |archive-date=8 December 2015 |access-date=1 December 2015 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta |quote=அசோக் செல்வனின் ஆசிரியராக வரும் ராஜன் ஐயர்}}</ref> as Govardhan
* Shalu Shamu as Aparna
* Ashritha Sreedas as Vidhya
* [[Sai Prashanth]] as Kamalakannan
* Rekha Suresh as Rukkumani, Aparna's mother
* Soodhu Kavvum Sivakumar as Madhavan
* [[Kavithalayaa Krishnan]] as Ranganathan
* Soundar Rajan as Head Constable Chakkarapanni
* Winner Ramachandran as S.I. Sukumar
* Puli Paandi as Dileepan
* Pattu Maami as Govardhan's mother
}}

== Production ==
The film was announced in June 2013 as a joint venture between [[Thirukumaran Entertainment]] and Vel Media.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2013 |title=Thirukumaran Entertainment's next titled 'Thegidi' |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-08/news-interviews/39833416_1_leo-john-paul-c-v-kumar-thirukumaran-entertainments |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103231711/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-08/news-interviews/39833416_1_leo-john-paul-c-v-kumar-thirukumaran-entertainments |archive-date=3 January 2014 |access-date=30 May 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Along with C. V. Kumar, the film reunited several of the crew from ''[[Soodhu Kavvum]]'' (2013) with cinematographer Dinesh, editor [[Leo John Paul]], and actor [[Ashok Selvan]] all from that unit. The film's director was revealed to be P. Ramesh, and [[Nivas K. Prasanna]] would compose the music.{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}} [[Janani Iyer]], seen before in ''[[Avan Ivan]]'' (2011) and ''[[Paagan]]'' (2012), was signed on to depict the role of a college girl.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |date=13 July 2013 |title=Janani in C. V. Kumar's production |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/etcetera-a-steady-climb-up/article4911912.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103230847/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/etcetera-a-steady-climb-up/article4911912.ece |archive-date=3 January 2014 |access-date=30 May 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

The film, described as a "murder mystery", was wrapped up within 45 days and in November 2013, post-production works were ongoing. It was reported that all the songs were set to be montages and further filming was not required, even though the songs were incomplete during production.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2013 |title=Ashok Selvan and Janani Iyer starrer Thegidi has been wrapped up |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-13/ashok-selvan-and-janani-iyer-starrer-thegidi-has-been-wrapped-up.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602212017/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-13/ashok-selvan-and-janani-iyer-starrer-thegidi-has-been-wrapped-up.html |archive-date=2 June 2025 |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Thegidi
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Nivas K. Prasanna]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 5 February 2014
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 24:05
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label = [[Think Music India]]
| producer = [[Nivas K. Prasanna]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title = [[Sethupathi (film)|Sethupathi]]
| next_year = 2016
}}

The film's soundtrack and score were composed by newcomer [[Nivas K. Prasanna]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=22 February 2014 |title=Audio Beat: Thegidi – Hummable tunes |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/audio-beat-thegidi-hummable-tunes/article5716730.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305051209/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/audio-beat-thegidi-hummable-tunes/article5716730.ece |archive-date=5 March 2014 |access-date=30 May 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] wrote, "If ''Thegidi'' turns out to be a hit, debutant music composer Nivas Prasanna deserves huge credit for the success. He carries the tension of the film right till the end with his background score and songs that are placed in the narrative at right junctures".<ref name="ibnlive1">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2014 |title=Tamil Review: 'Thegidi' is a taut film executed in style |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/tamil-review-thegidi-is-a-taut-film-executed-in-style/455211-47-92.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305043353/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/tamil-review-thegidi-is-a-taut-film-executed-in-style/455211-47-92.html |archive-date=5 March 2014 |access-date=30 May 2014 |website=[[IBNLive]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "[a] highlight of the film is Nivas Prasanna’s music and extraordinary BGM. The romantic melody Yaar Ezhuthiatho... is very soothing and BGM goes with the narration".<ref name="Movie Review : Thegidi">{{Cite web |title=Thegidi |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/thegidi-review-tamil-15050247.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228160825/http://www.sify.com/movies/thegidi-review-tamil-15050247.html |archive-date=28 February 2014 |access-date=30 May 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> S. Saraswathi of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote, "The music by Nivas is an absolute joy. All the songs, as well as the background score are perfect".<ref name=":0" /> [[Karthik Srinivasan|Karthik]] of ''[[Milliblog]]'' wrote, "Overall, promising debut by Nivas K Prasanna".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=6 February 2014 |title=Thegidi (Music review), Tamil – Nivas K Prasanna |url=https://milliblog.com/2014/02/06/thegidi-music-review-tamil-nivas-k-prasanna/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250215193057/https://milliblog.com/2014/02/06/thegidi-music-review-tamil-nivas-k-prasanna/ |archive-date=15 February 2025 |access-date=14 June 2025 |website=[[Milliblog]] |language=en}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 24:05
| title1 = Yaar Ezhuthiyatho
| lyrics1 = [[Kabilan (lyricist)|Kabilan]]
| extra1 = Sathya Prakash
| length1 = 4:16
| title2 = Vinmeen Vithaiyil
| lyrics2 = Kabilan
| extra2 = [[Abhay Jodhpurkar]], [[Saindhavi]]
| length2 = 4:58
| title3 = Kangalai Oru
| lyrics3 = Kabilan
| extra3 = [[Ajesh]]
| length3 = 2:21
| title4 = Neethaane
| lyrics4 = Kabilan
| extra4 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| length4 = 7:17
| title5 = Neeyum Dhinamum
| lyrics5 = Kurinchi Prabha
| extra5 = [[Andrea Jeremiah]]
| length5 = 5:13
}}

== Release ==
The film was released on 28 February 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 February 2014 |title=Thegidi to scorch screens alone? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/thegidi-to-scorch-screens-alone/articleshow/30734961.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250614030612/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/thegidi-to-scorch-screens-alone/articleshow/30734961.cms |archive-date=14 June 2025 |access-date=12 June 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== Critical reception ===
[[Baradwaj Rangan]] of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "there are plenty of tense moments, thanks to the deliberate pacing (that steers clear of cheap, amped-up thrills) and the fact that the film keeps zooming in on a small cast of characters. ''Thegidi'' is proof that if the small things are worked out well, the bigger ones will take care of themselves".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=1 March 2014 |title=Thegidi: Licence to thrill |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/thegidi-licence-to-thrill/article5740283.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304094736/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/thegidi-licence-to-thrill/article5740283.ece |archive-date=4 March 2014 |access-date=1 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' called the film "a well-made, edge-of- the-seat thriller with enough twists and turns. It keeps the deception game going till the last scene, with a taut script and outstanding BGM by Nivas Prasanna".<ref name="Movie Review : Thegidi" /> S. Saraswathi of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' gave it a 2.5 star rating and called it "a great effort by debutant director P Ramesh, who seems to have extracted the best from his team, be it the actors or the technicians".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S |date=28 February 2014 |title=Review: Thegidi is an exciting thriller |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-thegidi-is-an-exciting-thriller-south/20140228.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309070422/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-thegidi-is-an-exciting-thriller-south/20140228.htm |archive-date=9 March 2014 |access-date=7 March 2014 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 3 stars out of 5 and said "What's refreshing about ''Thegidi'' is how director Ramesh manages to keep things understated even when the situations seem to turn overwhelming. Barring a couple of scenes, there is a matter-of-factness in the approach that keeps the movie from turning into a bombastic thriller in which everything is at stake. This is the film's plus and also its weakness".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=28 February 2014 |title=Thegidi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thegidi/movie-review/31184881.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905081058/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thegidi/movie-review/31184881.cms |archive-date=5 September 2014 |access-date=11 September 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] gave it 3.5 stars and wrote, "With its share of ups and downs, ''Thegidi'' is a taut film executed in style.<ref name="ibnlive1" />

=== Box office ===
The film had a slow start at the box office,<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2014 |title=Chennai Box-Office(Feb28-Mar 2) |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15050433&cid=13525926 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306090706/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15050433&cid=13525926 |archive-date=6 March 2014 |access-date=30 May 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> but improved later due to positive reviews from critics and [[word of mouth]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}} ''Sify'' later reported that the film was profitable if the collections from the theatrical run and the dubbing and satellite rights were added together.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2014 |title=Kollywood 1st quarter report |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kollywood-1st-quarter-report-news-tamil-oebsnDifahe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402013837/http://www.sify.com/movies/kollywood-1st-quarter-report-news-tamil-oebsnDifahe.html |archive-date=2 April 2014 |access-date=30 May 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== Potential sequel ==
In April 2014, director Ramesh stated that he would make a sequel to ''Thegidi'' in future. He said, "Thegidi 2 is definitely on the cards, but it won't happen immediately. I have started working on a new project which I intend to work on before the sequel". He had planned a sequel even before the release of ''Thegidi''. "I didn't have a bound script ready for the sequel, but I had decided to continue the sequel with Vallabha's character that you see in ''Thegidi''. I decided this while working on the [first film]".<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |date=1 April 2014 |title=Thegidi 2 will take time: Director Ramesh |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/thegidi-2-will-take-time-director-ramesh-news-national-oebnatcfcfj.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401203540/http://www.sify.com/movies/thegidi-2-will-take-time-director-ramesh-news-national-oebnatcfcfj.html |archive-date=1 April 2014 |access-date=30 May 2014 |website=[[Sify]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of films featuring surveillance]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:2014 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2014 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:Films produced by C. V. Kumar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Nivas K. Prasanna]]
[[Category:Indian detective films]]
[[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language mystery thriller films]]

Naan Kadavul Illai

2026-03-03T02:31:21Z

Piniteinfra: Done - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Naan Kadavul Illai
| image = Naan Kadavul Illai.jpg
| caption = Official Release Poster
| director = [[S. A. Chandrasekhar|S. A. Chandrasekaran]]
| writer = S. A. Chandrasekaran
| producer =
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Samuthirakani]]
*[[Sakshi Agarwal]]
*[[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]]
}}
| cinematography = Magesh K. Dev
| editing = Prabhakar
| music = [[Siddharth Vipin]]
| studio = Star Makers
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|03|03}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Naan Kadavul Illai''''' ({{translation|I am not God}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[vigilante film|vigilante]] [[action film]] directed by [[S. A. Chandrasekhar|S. A. Chandrasekaran]], starring [[Samuthirakani]] and [[Sakshi Agarwal]]. It was released on 3 March 2023 in a clash against ''[[Bagheera (2023 film)|Bagheera]]'' (2023) and ''[[Ayothi]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2023 |title=Samuthirakani's Naan Kadavul Illai gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jan/20/samuthirakanis-naan-kadavul-illai-gets-a-release-date-39009.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217170739/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jan/20/samuthirakanis-naan-kadavul-illai-gets-a-release-date-39009.html |archive-date=17 February 2023 |access-date=17 February 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> Upon release, the movie was panned by the critics.

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=August 2024}}
Senthooran is a CID official who lives with his mother, wife and daughter. While he was working as a cop, he arrests murderer Veerappan. After a few years, Veerappan escapes from prison with the intention to take revenge on Senthooran and his family. Was Senthooran able to escape from Veerappan and save his family forms the crux of the story.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Samuthirakani]] as Senthooran
*[[S. A. Chandrasekhar|S. A. Chandrasekaran]]
*[[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]] as Veerappan
*[[Ineya]] as Maisu
*[[Sakshi Agarwal]] as Leena
*Abi Saravanan
*Yuvan Mayilsamy
*Rohini
*Girija Hari
*Priyanka
*Theni Mayakka
*Dayanasri
*Baby Shasha
*[[Imman Annachi]] as Abdullah (uncredited)
}}

== Production ==
The film began production during October 2020, with [[S. A. Chandrasekhar]] launching a directorial venture after media reports suggested that ''[[Capmaari]]'' (2019) would be his last film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2020 |title=SA Chandrasekar's next has Samuthirakani and Sakshi Agarwal in the lead |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sa-chandrasekar-s-next-has-samuthirakani-and-sakshi-agarwal-lead-135700 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217170743/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sa-chandrasekar-s-next-has-samuthirakani-and-sakshi-agarwal-lead-135700 |archive-date=17 February 2023 |access-date=17 February 2023 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> The shoot of the film was completed by 2021, with promotions beginning during September 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2021 |title=First look of Naan Kadavul Illai out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2021/sep/07/first-look-of-naan-kadavul-illai-out-26492.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217170737/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2021/sep/07/first-look-of-naan-kadavul-illai-out-26492.html |archive-date=17 February 2023 |access-date=17 February 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> On her action-related role in the film, [[Sakshi Agarwal]] took up stunt training from [[Kanal Kannan]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2023 |title=Sakshi Aggarwal on performing action scenes for 'Naan Kadavul Illai' – Exclusive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sakshi-aggarwal-on-performing-action-scenes-for-naan-kadavul-illai-exclusive/articleshow/98011974.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217170738/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sakshi-aggarwal-on-performing-action-scenes-for-naan-kadavul-illai-exclusive/articleshow/98011974.cms |archive-date=17 February 2023 |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Siddharth Vipin]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naan Kadavul Illai |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/naan-kadavul-illai/wvMbId4i5KE_ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219122847/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/naan-kadavul-illai/wvMbId4i5KE_ |archive-date=19 February 2023 |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Naan Kadavul Illai (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/naan-kadavul-illai-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1599607742 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219122847/https://music.apple.com/us/album/naan-kadavul-illai-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1599607742 |archive-date=19 February 2023 |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref>
*Kanne En Kanmaniye – [[Saindhavi]], S. A. Chandrasekhar
*Oho Villain – MC Rude

== Reception ==
The film was released on 3 February 2023 across Tamil Nadu. Navein Darshan of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated with 1/5 and wrote "mediocrity thrives in this reckless revenge drama" and that the film was a "self-indulgent, overlong, incoherent rehash of the SAC formula".<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2023 |title=Naan Kadavul Illai Movie Review: Mediocrity thrives in this reckless revenge drama |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/feb/04/naan-kadavul-illai-movie-reviewmediocrity-thrives-in-this-reckless-revenge-drama-39594.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210125209/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/feb/04/naan-kadavul-illai-movie-reviewmediocrity-thrives-in-this-reckless-revenge-drama-39594.html |archive-date=10 February 2023 |access-date=17 February 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Dina Thanthi]]'' gave the film a negative review.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2023 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம் : நான் கடவுள் இல்லை |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/naan-kadavul-illai-film-review-893976 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217170739/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/naan-kadavul-illai-film-review-893976 |archive-date=17 February 2023 |access-date=17 February 2023 |website=[[Dina Thanthi]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{S. A. Chandrasekhar}}

[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2020s vigilante films]]
[[Category:2023 action films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. A. Chandrasekhar]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by S. A. Chandrasekhar]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Indian vigilante films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Khujli

2026-03-02T10:07:43Z

Piniteinfra: improved article also and cleaned formatting

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Khujli
| image = Khujli (Official poster).jpg
| alt = The poster features Jackie Shroff and Neena Gupta. The title appears at top.
| caption = Official release poster
| director = Sonam Nair
| producer = {{ubl|Chintan Ruparel|Anuj Gosalia}}
| writer = Sonam Nair
| starring = {{ubl|[[Jackie Shroff]]|[[Neena Gupta]]}}
| music = Somesh Saha
| cinematography = Siddarth Vasani
| editing = Yashashwini Y. P.
| studio = {{ubl|[[Terribly Tiny Talkies]]|The Frog Pond}}
| distributor = Terribly Tiny Talkies
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2017|3|31|[[YouTube]]}}
| runtime = 16 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| budget =
}}
'''''Khujli''''' is a 2017 Indian [[Short film|short]] [[Drama film|drama]] film written & directed by Sonam Nair, produced by Chintan Ruparel & Anuj Gosalia and starring [[Jackie Shroff]] and [[Neena Gupta]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Basu|first=Mohar|date=30 March 2017|title=Jackie Shroff, Neena Gupta Play Couple Trying To Spice Up Their 'Sex Life' In Short Film|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/jackie-shroff-neena-gupta-short-film-sex-life-khujli-sonam-nair-bollywood-news/18120154|work=[[Mid-Day]]|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="bh">{{cite news|title=Check out: Jackie Shroff and Neena Gupta get naughty in Khujli|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/check-jackie-shroff-neena-gupta-get-naughty-khujli/|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=30 March 2017|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Jackie Shroff, Neena Gupta to star in Khujli, see pic|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/jackie-shroff-neena-gupta-to-star-in-khujli-see-pic-4592492|work=[[The Indian Express]]|location=[[Mumbai]]|date=30 March 2017|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Goyal|first=Divya|date=30 March 2017|title=Neena Gupta, Jackie Shroff To Star In 'Bold, Unique' Short Film ''Khujli''|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/neena-gupta-jackie-shroff-to-star-in-bold-unique-short-film-khujli-1675408|work=[[NDTV]]|location=[[New Delhi]]|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Vijayakar|first=R. M.|date=30 March 2017|title=Jackie Shroff and Neena Gupta Get Naughty in Short Film 'Khujli'|url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/jackie-shroff-and-neena-gupta-get-naughty-in-short-film/article_4535daee-156d-11e7-b8ed-e73fadefbc58.html|work=indiawest.com|access-date=12 April 2018|archive-date=13 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413125038/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/jackie-shroff-and-neena-gupta-get-naughty-in-short-film/article_4535daee-156d-11e7-b8ed-e73fadefbc58.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was released on 31 March 2017 by [[Terribly Tiny Talkies]] to their official [[YouTube]] handle.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jackie Shroff & Neena Gupta's Short Film KHUJLI Is A Must Watch|url=http://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/jackie-shroff-neena-guptas-short-film-khujli-is-a-must-watch|work=Koimoi|date=1 April 2017|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Banerjee|first=Urmimala|date=1 April 2017|title=Jackie Shroff and Neena Gupta's Khulji talks about a middle-aged couple's understanding of kink|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/jackie-shroff-and-neena-guptas-khulji-talks-about-a-middle-aged-couples-understanding-of-kink|work=Bollywood Life|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Khujli: Jackie Shroff, Neena Gupta get Fifty Shades of Kinky in new TTT short|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/khujli-jackie-shroff-neena-gupta-get-fifty-shades-of-kinky-in-new-ttt-short/story-fPv5u55JQcas27c9b2KPfI.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=1 April 2017|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sundar|first=Priyanka|date=1 April 2017|title=Khujli movie: Jackie Shroff, Neena Gupta try to get down and dirty, to explore BDSM in the most funny way. Watch video|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/khujli-movie-jackie-shroff-neena-gupta-try-to-get-down-and-dirty-to-explore-bdsm-in-the-most-funny-way-watch-video-4595120|work=[[The Indian Express]]|location=[[New Delhi]]|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=FP Staff|title=Watch: Jackie Shroff and Neena Gupta make awkward sex look adorable in Khujli|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/watch-jackie-shroff-and-neena-gupta-make-awkward-sex-look-adorable-in-khujli-3363250.html|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=1 April 2017|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kulkarni|first=Preeti|date=2 April 2017|title=Khujli: Jackie Shroff-Neena Gupta's cute and funny take on BDSM is better than Fifty Shades of Grey (watch video)|url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/jackie-shroff-neena-guptas-cute-and-funny-take-on-bdsm-is-better-than-fifty-shades-of-grey-watch-video-1986095|work=[[India.com]]|location=2 April 2017|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Nair|first=Nithya|date=2 April 2017|title=Khujli short film: Jackie Shroff and Neena Gupta trying to explore BDSM is downright hilarious! (Watch Video)|url=http://www.india.com/buzz/khujli-short-film-jackie-shroff-and-neena-gupta-trying-to-explore-bdsm-is-downright-hilarious-watch-video-1986137|work=[[India.com]]|location=2 April 2017|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Watch Jackie Shroff and Neena Gupta scratch an itch in this viral short film|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/watch-jackie-shroff-and-neena-gupta-scratch-an-itch-in-this-viral-short-film/article17762757.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2 April 2017|access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Chablani|first=Nitya|date=3 April 2017|title=Jackie Shroff and Neena Gupta's kinky new film will leave you in splits|url=https://www.vogue.in/content/jackie-shroff-and-neena-guptas-kinky-new-film-will-leave-you-in-splits|work=[[Vogue India]]|access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref> The film marks debut of Jackie Shroff in short films.<ref name="bh"/>

==Plot==
In a room, a bed is shaking rhythmically and sounds of a man moaning as it is revealed that it was due to Roopmati ([[Neena Gupta]]) is scratching Girdharilal's ([[Jackie Shroff]]) back with a churning stick to ease an itch. Their [son] knocks on the door and asks them to be quit. He further informs them that he will be out late. Girdharilal replies humorously that instead of telling so [he] could have texted them. In the kitchen, Roopmati ignites the gas stove as her aged grandmother is walking towards washroom behind her. The twist in the plot comes when Jackie finds a pair of pink handcuffs in his young son's bedroom. Scandalised and angry, he shows his find to his wife. His tirade however, is interrupted when Neena smiles slyly and tells him she knows the handcuffs are used for BDSM, because she had read ''[[Fifty Shades of Grey]].''

==Cast==
*[[Jackie Shroff]] as Girdharilal
*[[Neena Gupta]] as Roopmati
*Rani Patwar as grandma
*Archak Chhabra as son of Girdharilal and Roopmati

==Soundtrack==
The film's [[background score]] is composed by Somesh Saha and it features vocals by singer Garima Yagnik.

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Nominee/Work
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|2018
|[[Filmfare Short Film Awards]]
|Best Actor (Male) in a Short FIlm
|[[Jackie Shroff]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Winners of the Jio Filmfare Short Film Awards 2018 announced! |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-the-jio-filmfare-short-film-awards-2018-announced-26008.html |access-date=13 April 2018 |work=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt6861286}}

[[Category:2017 short films]]
[[Category:Indian drama short films]]
[[Category:2017 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:2017 drama films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]

Belathur inscriptions and hero stones

2026-02-27T13:05:21Z

Piniteinfra: Started new page.

{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=February 2025}}
{{one source|date=October 2024}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Multiple image
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| total_width = 500
| image1 = Digital Image of the Belathur 1433CE Devijeeya's Tirumala Temple Garuda Pillar Donation Inscription - Portion 1.png
| image2 = Digital Image of the Belathur 1433CE Devijeeya's Tirumala Temple Garuda Pillar Donation Inscription - Portion 2.png
| caption_align = right
| caption1 = Digital Image of the Belathur 1433CE Devijeeya's Tirumala Temple Garuda Pillar Donation Inscription - Portion 1
| caption2 = Digital Image of the Belathur 1433CE Devijeeya's Tirumala Temple Garuda Pillar Donation Inscription - Portion 2
}}
[[Belathur]], a sub-locality in [[Kadugodi]], is home to a 15th-century CE [[Kannada script|Kannada]] donatory inscription that records a donation by a Devijeeya who erected a pillar for the Tirumala deity and also that he donated four Khandugas of land for the purpose of neivedya (food) offerings to the deity, it was commissioned during the rule of Saaraki's Pemayanayka's son Pemeyanayaka, a feudal chief under the king [[Deva Raya II|Devaraya II]] of the Karnataka Empire ([[Vijayanagara Empire]]). Saraki as mentioned in this inscription is a suburb in [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]] city. This inscription gives a genealogy of four generations Toravali naadu's rulers as Maachideva-Devijeeya-Chokkijeeya-Devijeeya, Toravali naadu is an administrative in the erstwhile empire, the geographic boundaries of this region remains unknown. The inscription mentions the grant of certain khandugas of land, khanduga is a unit of area measurement. The donation to the Tirumala deity of Belathur is also recorded in an inscription in the [[Domlur Chokkanathaswamy temple|Domlur Chokkanathaswamy Temple]] 16th-century Allapan Inscription, an inscription among the [[Prashasth Domlur (Bengaluru) Inscriptions|Domlur Inscriptions]]. This inscription has been documented in [[Epigraphia Carnatica]] Vol-9 as Hoskote Inscription Number 155.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Mysore. Dept. of Archaeology |url=https://archive.org/details/epigraphiacarnat09myso/page/n425/mode/2up |title=Epigraphia carnatica. By B. Lewis Rice, Director of Archaeological Researches in Mysore |last2=Rice |first2=B. Lewis (Benjamin Lewis) |last3=Narasimhacharya |first3=Ramanujapuram Anandan-pillai |date=1894 |publisher=Bangalore Mysore Govt. Central Press |others=Robarts - University of Toronto}}</ref> The Inscription is found at the Radha Rukmini Venugopala Swamy Temple in Belathur.

== Physical characteristics ==
The inscription is 95 cm tall, 59 cm width. The [[Kannada script|Kannada]] Characters are approximately 4 cm tall, 2 cm wide & 0.16 cm deep (shallow depth).{{citation needed|date= October 2024}}

== Transliteration ==
The inscription was first documented in ''[[Epigraphia Carnatica]]'' Vol-9 as Hoskote Inscription Number 155.<ref name=":0" /> The text published below is the rereading of the inscription from the journal of the Mythic Society.

Digital Images of each of the characters of this inscription, images of the inscription itself, summary and the other information about the inscription have been shared via [https://mythicsociety.github.io/AksharaBhandara/#/learn/Shasanagalu?id=115076 Akshara Bhandara software]
{| class="wikitable"
!Line
Number
![[Kannada script|Kannada]]
![[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]
|-
|1
|ಸ್ವಸ್ತಿ ಶ್ರೀಶಕವರುಷ ೧೩೫೨ಡನೆಯ
|svasti śrīśakavaruṣa 1352ḍanĕya
|-
|2
|ಶ್ರೀಪ್ರಮಾದಿಚ ಸಂವತ್ಸರದ
|śrīpramādica saṃvatsarada
|-
|3
|ಮಾರ್ಗ್ಗಸಿರ ಸು ೧೦ ಸ ಶ್ರೀಮಂ
|mārggasira su 10 sa śrīmaṃ
|-
|4
|ನ್ಮಹಾರಾಜಾಧಿರಾಜ ರಾಜಪರ
|nmahārājādhirāja rājapara
|-
|5
|ಮೇಸ್ವರ ಶ್ರೀವೀರಪ್ರತಾಪ ದೇವ
|mesvara śrīvīrapratāpa deva
|-
|6
|ರಾಯ ಮಹಾರಾಯರು ಷಕಲ
|rāya mahārāyaru ṣakala
|-
|7
|ಸಾಂಬ್ರಾಂಜ್ಯಂಗೆಯುತಂವಿರ
|sāṃbrāṃjyaṃgĕyutaṃvira
|-
|8
|ಲು ಶ್ರೀಮಂನ್ಮಹಾ ಮೂವರುರಾ
|lu śrīmaṃnmahā mūvarurā
|-
|9
|ಯರ ಗಂಡ ಸಾರಕಿಯ ಪೆಂಮಯ
|yara gaṃḍa sārakiya pĕṃmaya
|-
|10
|ನಾಯಕ್ಕರ ಮಕಳು ಪೆಂಮೆಯನಾ
|nāyakkara makal̤u pĕṃmĕ yanā
|-
|11
|ಯಕ್ಕರು ಪ್ರಿಥುವಿ ರಾಜಂಗೆಯಿವಲಿ
|yakkaru prithuvi rājaṃgĕyivali
|-
|12
|ತೊಱವಳಿನಾಡ ಮಹಾಪ್ರಭು ಮಾಚಿ
|tŏṟaval̤ināḍa mahāprabhu māci
|-
|13
|ದೇವನ ಮಗ ದೇವಿಜೀಯ ದೇವಿಜೀಯನ
|devana maga devijīya devijīyana
|-
|14
|ಮಗ ಚೊಕ್ಕಿಜೀಯ ಚೊಕ್ಕಿಜೀಯನ ಮಗ ದೇ
|maga cŏkkijīya cŏkkijīyana maga de
|-
|15
|ವಿಜೀಯನು ತಿರುಮಲದೇವರ ಸೇವೆಗೆ ಮಾ
|vijīyanu tirumaladevara sevĕgĕ mā
|-
|16
|ಡಿಸಿದ ಕಂಭಕೆ ಮಂಗಳ ಮಹ ಶ್ರೀ ಶ್ರೀ
|ḍisida k ̤ aṃbhakĕ maṃgal̤a maha śrī śrī
|-
!
!(ಪಕ್ಕದ ಕಲ್ಲಿನ ತುಂಡಿನಲ್ಲಿರುವುದು)
!(on an adjacent small stone)
|-
|17
|.ವರ ನಯಿವೇದ್ಯಕ್ಕೆ ಹೊಲ ಲ್(s*) ೪ ಗದ್ದೆ
|.vara nayivedyakkĕ hŏla l(s*) 4 gaddĕ
|-
|18
|. . . . ಗವನು ಸಲಿಸಿ ಬಹೆನು ಯಿದ
|. . . . gavanu salisi bahĕnu yida
|-
|19
|. . ರೊಬ್ಬರು ವಕ್ರವಾದವರು ಗಂಗೆಯ
|. . rŏbbaru vakravādavaru gaṃgĕya
|-
|20
|. . . ಯ ತಂಗೇಳು ಕಪಿಲೆಯ ಕೊಂದ
|. . . ya taṃgel̤u k ̤ apilĕya kŏṃda
|-
|21
|. ಪದಲಿ ಹೋಹರು ಮಂಗಳ ಮ
|. padali hoharu maṃgal̤a ma
|-
|22
|. ಶ್ರೀ ಶ್ರೀ ಶ್ರೀ ಶ್ರೀ ಶ್ರೀ
|. śrī śrī śrī śrī śrī
|}

== Shapashaya ==
{{unreferenced section|date= October 2024}}
Shapashaya are final imprecatory verses in inscriptions that are written in the end, serving cautionary notices to people against their destruction. It is common to many South Asian Inscriptions, they are inscribed to sanctify the grant and preserve the record from harm. The Inscription has such a Shapashaya stating any individual who violates the grant will be cursed with the same fate as someone who kills a Kapile, an orange brown sacred cow on the banks of river [[Ganges|Ganga]]. According to the [[Garuda Purana]], the act of killing a cow is believed to result in rebirth of a person into a hunchback in their subsequent birth The inscription further states that those who misuse this donation will face demerit equal to killing of cow on the banks of river [[Ganges|Ganga]].

== See also ==
* [[Domlur inscriptions and hero stones]]
* [[Inscription stones of Bengaluru]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Inscriptions in Bangalore}}

[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Kannada inscriptions]]
[[Category:History of Bengaluru]]

MS Dhoni

2026-02-24T12:05:29Z

Piniteinfra: updated

{{short description|Indian cricketer (born 1981)}}
{{Redirect|Dhoni}}
{{good article}}
{{pp-blp|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_name = Mahendra Singh Dhoni
| image = MS Dhoni (Prabhav '23 - RiGI 2023).jpg
| caption = Dhoni in 2023
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1981|7|7|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ranchi]], Bihar (present-day [[Jharkhand]]), India
| height = 5 ft 9 in
| spouse = {{marriage|Sakshi Rawat|2010}}
| nickname = Mahi, Thala, Captain Cool<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sportingnews.com/in/cricket/news/ms-dhoni-birthday-what-are-nicknames-mahendra-singh-dhoni/akv29zc5wpgtxtmpvq5wunip|title=MS Dhoni birthday: What are some of the nicknames of Mahendra Singh Dhoni?|date=7 July 2023|publisher=Sporting News|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218105231/https://www.sportingnews.com/in/cricket/news/ms-dhoni-birthday-what-are-nicknames-mahendra-singh-dhoni/akv29zc5wpgtxtmpvq5wunip|url-status=live}}</ref>
| allegiance = {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{army|India}}
| serviceyears = 2011–present
| rank = [[File:Lieutenant Colonel of the Indian Army.svg|15px]] [[Lieutenant colonel]] ([[Indian Army ranks and insignia#Prominent citizens as brand ambassadors|Hon.]])
| unit = {{flagicon image|Territorial Army (Flag).svg}} [[Territorial Army (India)|Territorial Army]] [[File:Parachute Regiment Insignia (India).svg|25px]] [[Para (Special Forces)|Parachute Regiment]]
| awards = {{plainlist|
*[[Padma Bhushan]] (2018)
*[[Padma Shri]] (2009)
*[[Khel Ratna Award|Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award]] (2008)
}}
| module = {{Infobox cricketer
| embed = yes
|fullname = Mahendra Singh Dhoni
|batting = Right-handed
|bowling = Right-arm [[Pace bowling|medium]]
|role = [[Wicket-keeper-batter]]
|international = true
|internationalspan = 2004–2019
|country = India
|testdebutdate = 2 December
|testdebutyear = 2005
|testdebutagainst = Sri Lanka
|testcap = 251
|lasttestdate = 26 December
|lasttestyear = 2014
|lasttestagainst = Australia
|odidebutdate = 23 December
|odidebutyear = 2004
|odidebutagainst = Bangladesh
|odicap = 158
|lastodidate = 9 July
|lastodiyear = 2019
|lastodiagainst = New Zealand
|odishirt = 7
|T20Idebutdate = 1 December
|T20Idebutyear = 2006
|T20Idebutagainst = South Africa
|T20Icap = 2
|lastT20Iagainst = Australia
|lastT20Idate = 27 February
|lastT20Iyear = 2019
|T20Ishirt = 7
|club1 = [[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]
|year1 = 1999{{ndash}}2004
|club2 = [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]]
|year2 = 2004{{ndash}}2017
|club3 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
|year3 = 2008{{ndash}}2015, 2018{{ndash}}present
|clubnumber3 = 7
|club4 = [[Rising Pune Supergiant]]
|year4 = 2016{{ndash}}2017
|clubnumber4 = 7
|clubnumber5 = 7
|columns = 4

|column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
|matches1 = 90
|runs1 = 4,876
|bat avg1 = 38.09
|100s/50s1 = 6/33
|top score1 = 224
|deliveries1 = 96
|wickets1 = 0
|bowl avg1 = –
|fivefor1 = –
|tenfor1 = –
|best bowling1 = –
|catches/stumpings1 = 256/38

|column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
|matches2 = 350
|runs2 = 10,773
|bat avg2 = 50.57
|100s/50s2 = 10/73
|top score2 = 183[[not out|*]]
|deliveries2 = 36
|wickets2 = 1
|bowl avg2 = 31.00
|fivefor2 = 0
|tenfor2 = 0
|best bowling2 = 1/14
|catches/stumpings2 = 321/123

|column3 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]
|matches3 = 98
|runs3 = 1,617
|bat avg3 = 37.60
|100s/50s3 = 0/2
|top score3 = 56
|deliveries3 = –
|wickets3 = –
|bowl avg3 = –
|fivefor3 = –
|tenfor3 = –
|best bowling3 = –
|catches/stumpings3 = 57/34

|column4 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
|matches4 = 131
|runs4 = 7,038
|bat avg4 = 36.84
|100s/50s4 = 9/47
|top score4 = 224[[not out|*]]
|deliveries4 = 126
|wickets4 = 0
|bowl avg4 = –
|fivefor4 = –
|tenfor4 = –
|best bowling4 = –
|catches/stumpings4 = 364/57
|source = http://www.cricinfo.com/india/content/player/28081.html ESPNcricinfo
|date = 30 March
|year = 2025
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{cr|IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Cricket World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|Winner|[[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011 India-Sri Lanka-Bangladesh]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's T20 World Cup|T20 World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007 South Africa]]|}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2014 ICC World Twenty20|2014 Bangladesh]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ICC Champions Trophy]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013 England and Wales]]|}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017 England and Wales]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asia Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2010 Asia Cup|2010 Sri Lanka]]|}}
{{Medal|W|[[2016 Asia Cup|2016 Bangladesh]]|}}
{{Medal|W|[[2018 Asia Cup|2018 UAE]]|}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2008 Asia Cup|2008 Pakistan]]|}}
}}
| signature = MS Dhoni signature.png
}}

'''Mahendra Singh  Dhoni''' ({{IPA|hi|məˈɦeːnd̪ɾə ˈsɪŋɡʱ ˈd̪ʱoːniː||audio=Mahendra Singh Dhoni.ogg}}; born 7 July 1981) is an Indian professional [[cricketer]] who plays as a right-handed [[batsman|batter]] and a [[wicket-keeper]]. Widely regarded as one of the most prolific wicket-keeper batsmen and [[Captain (cricket)|captains]], he represented the [[Indian national cricket team|Indian cricket team]] and was the captain of the team in [[Limited overs cricket|limited overs]] formats from 2007 to 2017 and in [[Test cricket]] from 2008 to 2014. Dhoni has captained the most international matches and is the most successful Indian captain. He has led India to victory in the [[2007 ICC World Twenty20]], the [[2011 Cricket World Cup]], and the [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy]], being the only captain to win three different limited overs ICC tournaments. He also led the teams that won the [[Asia Cup]] in [[2010 Asia Cup|2010]] and [[2016 Asia Cup|2016]], and he was a member of the title winning squad in [[2018 Asia Cup|2018]].

Born in [[Ranchi]], Dhoni made his [[first class cricket|first class]] debut for [[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]] in 1999. He made his debut for the Indian cricket team on 23 December 2004 in an [[One day international|ODI]] against [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] and played his first test a year later against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]]. In 2007, he became the captain of the ODI team before taking over in all formats by 2008. Dhoni retired from Test cricket in 2014 but continued playing in limited overs cricket till 2019. He has scored 17,266 runs in [[international cricket]] including 10,000 plus runs at an [[batting average (cricket)|average]] of more than 50 in ODIs.

In the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL), Dhoni plays for [[Chennai Super Kings]] (CSK), leading them to the final on ten occasions and winning it five times ([[2010 Indian Premier League|2010]], [[2011 Indian Premier League|2011]], [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018]], [[2021 Indian Premier League|2021]] and [[2023 Indian Premier League|2023]]) jointly sharing this record with [[Rohit Sharma]]. He has also led CSK to two [[Champions League T20]] titles in [[2010 Champions League Twenty20|2010]] and [[2014 Champions League Twenty20|2014]]. Dhoni is among the few batsmen to have scored more than five thousand runs in the IPL, as well as being the first [[wicket-keeper]] to do so.

In 2008, Dhoni was awarded India's highest sport honour [[Khel Ratna Award|Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award]] by [[Government of India]]. He received the fourth highest civilian award [[Padma Shri]] in 2009 and third highest civilian award [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2018. Dhoni holds an [[honorary rank]] of [[Lieutenant colonel]] in the [[Parachute Regiment (India)|Parachute Regiment]] of the [[Territorial Army (India)|Indian Territorial Army]] which was presented to him by the [[Indian Army]] in 2011. In June 2025, he was inducted into [[ICC Cricket Hall of Fame]].

== Early life ==
Dhoni was born on 7 July 1981 in [[Ranchi]], Bihar (now in [[Jharkhand]]) in a Hindu [[Rajput]] family to Pan Singh and Devaki Devi.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Dinakar |first1=S |date=3 December 2005|title='I can adapt to the Test match situation' |url=http://www.tssonnet.com/tss2849/stories/20051203001202300.htm |magazine=[[Sportstar]] |access-date=23 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220163914/http://www.tssonnet.com/tss2849/stories/20051203001202300.htm |archive-date=20 February 2012 |quote=My parents are from Uttaranchal. I am a Rajput, there are lots of them in Uttaranchal. But I am proud to say that I am from Jharkhand. I was born and brought up in Jharkhand.}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Lokapally |first=Vijay |date=29 April 2006 |title=Sportstar archives - MS Dhoni: I have not forgotten my roots |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/i-have-not-forgotten-my-roots/article29646705.ece |magazine=[[Sportstar]] |access-date=30 April 2023 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207022608/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/i-have-not-forgotten-my-roots/article29646705.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> His parents hailed from Lwali village in the [[Almora district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] (now [[Uttarakhand]]). He was the youngest of three children.<ref name="Sandhu">{{cite news|last=Sandhu|first=Veenu|date=30 April 2011|title=A village in Kumaon|publisher=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/a-village-in-kumaon-111043000027_1.html|access-date=11 July 2022|archive-date=11 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711082109/https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/a-village-in-kumaon-111043000027_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=MS Dhoni's mother and father test positive for Covid-19, admitted to private hospital in Ranchi|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ms-dhoni-mother-covid-19-positive-devaki-father-pan-singh-ranchi-hospital-1793320-2021-04-21|date=21 April 2021|access-date=17 October 2021|newspaper=[[India Today]]|language=en|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919223946/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/sports/cricket/story/ms-dhoni-mother-covid-19-positive-devaki-father-pan-singh-ranchi-hospital-1793320-2021-04-21|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Mishra|first=Rashmi|date=30 April 2017|title=Mahendra Singh Dhoni New Home in Ranchi: Dhoni and Family shifted to farmhouse Kailashpati on Akshaya Tritiya|publisher=India.com|url=https://www.india.com/viral/mahendra-singh-dhoni-new-home-in-ranchi-dhoni-and-family-shifted-to-farm-house-kailashpati-on-akshaya-tritiya-2084229/|access-date=8 May 2022|archive-date=20 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920034539/https://www.india.com/viral/mahendra-singh-dhoni-new-home-in-ranchi-dhoni-and-family-shifted-to-farm-house-kailashpati-on-akshaya-tritiya-2084229/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref> His family spells the surname as "Dhauni".<ref>{{cite news|first=Arpita|last=Chakrabarty|date=1 October 2016|title=Dhoni: In Uttarakhand, MS Dhoni's village still awaits road, medicines|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/in-uttarakhand-ms-dhonis-village-still-awaits-road-medicines/articleshow/54613266.cms|access-date=17 October 2021|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|archive-date=30 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930064511/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/in-uttarakhand-ms-dhonis-village-still-awaits-road-medicines/articleshow/54613266.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The spelling "Dhoni" emerged due to a spelling mistake in his school certificates and, despite repeated attempts by his family, has never been rectified.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 January 2013|title=A village in Kumaon|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/a-village-in-kumaon-111043000027_1.html|access-date=21 May 2024|work=[[Business Standard]]|archive-date=11 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711082109/https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/a-village-in-kumaon-111043000027_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Dhoni did his schooling from DAV Jawahar Vidya Mandir, where he started playing [[association football|football]] as a [[Goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]], but later moved to play cricket on the suggestion of his coach Keshav Banerjee.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 December 2010|title=Win us the World Cup Mahi: Dhoni's school coach|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/win-us-the-world-cup-mahi-dhonis-school-coach/725663/0|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=8 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108115153/https://indianexpress.com/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ray|first=Shantanu Guha|date=31 December 2014|title=How Captain Cool MS Dhoni learnt to give up football and take to cricket|publisher=Scroll|url=https://scroll.in/article/697982/how-captain-cool-ms-dhoni-learnt-to-give-up-football-and-take-to-cricket|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919224020/https://scroll.in/article/697982/how-captain-cool-ms-dhoni-learnt-to-give-up-football-and-take-to-cricket|url-status=live}}</ref> From 2001 to 2003, Dhoni worked as a [[Conductor (rail)|Travelling Ticket Examiner]] (TTE) at [[Kharagpur railway station|Kharagpur]] under [[South Eastern Railway zone]] of [[Indian Railways]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/dhoni-the-kharagpur-story/cid/1497897|title=Dhoni: The Kharagpur story|publisher=Telegraph India|access-date=5 May 2019|archive-date=5 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505043705/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/west-bengal/dhoni-the-kharagpur-story/cid/1497897|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/The-Dhoni-files/articleshow/37526959.cms|title=The Dhoni files|publisher=Ahmedabad Mirror|access-date=5 May 2019|archive-date=27 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127164822/https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/The-Dhoni-files/articleshow/37526959.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Youth career ==
He played as a [[wicket-keeper]] for Commando cricket club from 1995 to 1998 and [[Central Coalfields Limited|Central Coal Fields Limited]] (CCL) team in 1998.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/dhoniland-erupts-in-joy-after-historic-win/280233/|title=Man of the moment|access-date=3 July 2021|newspaper=[[India Today]]|date=3 October 2007|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703181232/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/dhoni-land-erupts-in-joy-after-historic-win/|url-status=live}}</ref> At CCL, he batted higher up the order and helped the team qualify to the higher division.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/300-odis-where-d-stands-for-dhoni/cid/1359649|title=300 ODIs, where D stands for Dhoni|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927061134/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/300-odis-where-d-stands-for-dhoni/cid/1359649|url-status=live|publisher=Telegraph India}}</ref> Based on his performance at club cricket, he was picked for the 1997/98 season of [[Vinoo Mankad Trophy]] under-16 championship.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/fortune-changed-not-the-man/cid/403427|title=Fortune changed, not the man|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805091934/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/fortune-changed-not-the-man/cid/403427|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/sun-and-shadow|title=The decade of Mahendra Singh Dhoni|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-date=8 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508151854/https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/sun-and-shadow|url-status=live|publisher=Caravan}}</ref> In the 1998–99, Dhoni played for Bihar U-19 team in the [[Cooch Behar Trophy]] and scored 176 runs in 5 matches. In the 1999–2000 Cooch Behar Trophy, the Bihar U-19 cricket team made it to the finals, where Dhoni made 84 in a losing cause.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/top-stories/Dhoni-biopic-MS-Dhoni-untold-story-Yuvraj-Singhs-358-run-knock-in-MS-Dhoni-biopic-actually-happened-Sushant-Singh-Rajput/articleshow/54714879.cms|title=Yuvraj Singh's 358-run knock in MS Dhoni biopic actually happened|website=The Times of India|date=6 October 2016|access-date=5 May 2019|archive-date=22 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722011532/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/top-stories/Dhoni-biopic-MS-Dhoni-untold-story-Yuvraj-Singhs-358-run-knock-in-MS-Dhoni-biopic-actually-happened-Sushant-Singh-Rajput/articleshow/54714879.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni's contribution in the tournament included 488 runs in nine matches with five fifties, 17 catches and seven [[stumping]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ind.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1999-2000/IND_LOCAL/U19/CB/STATS/IND_LOCAL_CB_AVS_BIHAR-U19.html|title=Statistics: Bihar Squad U-19 Cooch Behar Trophy Averages|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 May 2007|archive-date=6 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506110730/http://ind.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1999-2000/IND_LOCAL/U19/CB/STATS/IND_LOCAL_CB_AVS_BIHAR-U19.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni made it to the East Zone U-19 squad for the [[C. K. Nayudu Trophy]] in the 1999–2000 season and scored only 97 runs in four matches, as East Zone lost all the matches and finished last in the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|title=CK Nayudu Trophy, 1999–2000 – Points Table|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1999-2000/IND_LOCAL/U19/NAYUDU/NAYUDU_1999-2000_TABLE.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212170524/http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1999-2000/IND_LOCAL/U19/NAYUDU/NAYUDU_1999-2000_TABLE.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=CK Nayudu Trophy 1999/00 Batting – Most Runs|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1999-2000/IND_LOCAL/U19/NAYUDU/STATS/IND_LOCAL_NAYUDU_AVS_BAT_MOST_RUNS.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212170729/http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1999-2000/IND_LOCAL/U19/NAYUDU/STATS/IND_LOCAL_NAYUDU_AVS_BAT_MOST_RUNS.html|archive-date=12 February 2017|access-date=12 February 2017|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Dhoni made his [[Ranji Trophy]] debut for [[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]] against [[Assam cricket team|Assam]] in the 1999–2000 season, as an eighteen-year-old scoring 68 runs in the second innings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ind.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1999-2000/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/EAST/BIHAR_ASSAM_RJI-E_12-15JAN2000.html|title=Scorecard: Assam v/s Bihar 1999/2000 Ranji Trophy Season|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 May 2007|archive-date=13 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013204034/http://ind.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1999-2000/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/EAST/BIHAR_ASSAM_RJI-E_12-15JAN2000.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni finished the season with 283 runs in 5 matches. Dhoni scored his maiden first-class century while playing for Bihar against [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]] in the [[2000–01 Ranji Trophy]] season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://i.imgci.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/2000-01/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/EAST/BENG_BIHAR_RJI-E_03-06JAN2001.html|title=Scorecard:Bihar v/s Bengal Ranji Trophy 2000/01 Season|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 May 2023|archive-date=6 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506163104/https://i.imgci.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/2000-01/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/EAST/BENG_BIHAR_RJI-E_03-06JAN2001.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Apart from this century, his performance in the 2000/01 season did not include another score over fifty and in the [[2001–02 Ranji Trophy]] season, he scored just five fifties in four Ranji matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ind.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/2000-01/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/EAST/STATS/IND_LOCAL_RJI-E_AVS_BIHAR.html|title=Statistics: 2000/01 Bihar Squad Ranji Trophy Averages|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 May 2007|archive-date=6 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506103731/http://ind.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/2000-01/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/EAST/STATS/IND_LOCAL_RJI-E_AVS_BIHAR.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ind.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/2001-02/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/EAST/STATS/IND_LOCAL_RJI-E_AVS_BIHAR.html|title=Statistics: 2001/02 Bihar Squad Ranji Trophy Averages|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 May 2007|archive-date=6 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506103736/http://ind.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/2001-02/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/EAST/STATS/IND_LOCAL_RJI-E_AVS_BIHAR.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni played for [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]] in the [[2002–03 Ranji Trophy]] and represented [[East Zone cricket team|East Zone]] in the [[Deodhar Trophy]] where he started gaining recognition for his lower-order contribution as well as hard-hitting batting style. In the 2003/04 season, Dhoni scored a century (128*) against Assam in the first match of the [[Vijay Hazare Trophy|Ranji ODI]] tournament and was part of the [[East Zone cricket team|East Zone]] squad that won the [[Deodhar Trophy]], scoring 244 runs in four matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/records/engine/series/431939.html|title=Results. Deodhar Trophy, 2003/04|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=5 October 2016|archive-date=5 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905205006/http://www.espncricinfo.com/records/engine/series/431939.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/left-out-dhoni-eyes-african-safari/cid/740635|title=Left-out Dhoni eyes African safari|newspaper=Telegraph India|access-date=5 May 2019|archive-date=5 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505043704/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/left-out-dhoni-eyes-african-safari/cid/740635|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the [[Duleep Trophy]] finals, Dhoni represented East Zone and scored a fighting half-century in the second innings in a losing cause.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ind.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2003-04/IND_LOCAL/DULEEP/SCORECARDS/EAST_NORTH_DULEEP_04-08MAR2004.html|title=Scorecard: Duleep Trophy Final 2003/2004 Season|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 May 2007|archive-date=13 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013204420/http://ind.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2003-04/IND_LOCAL/DULEEP/SCORECARDS/EAST_NORTH_DULEEP_04-08MAR2004.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni was identified as one of the emerging talents via the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]'s small-town talent-spotting initiative [[Talent Resource Development Wing|TRDW]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Dinakar|first=S.|date=9 June 2015|title=TRDO — a system that unearthed Dhoni, Ishant and Raina — gets a thumbs up|language=en-IN|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/trdo-a-system-that-unearthed-dhoni-ishant-and-raina-gets-a-thumbs-up/article7298917.ece|access-date=28 October 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=28 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028053512/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/trdo-a-system-that-unearthed-dhoni-ishant-and-raina-gets-a-thumbs-up/article7298917.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=TU1JUi8yMDA4LzAzLzEzI0FyMDI2MDA=&Mode=HTML&Locale=english-skin-custom|title=Bring back the scouts|newspaper=[[Mumbai Mirror]]|date=30 March 2008|access-date=8 April 2011|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074239/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=TU1JUi8yMDA4LzAzLzEzI0FyMDI2MDA=&Mode=HTML&Locale=english-skin-custom|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2004, Dhoni was picked for the [[India A]] squad for a tour of [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] and [[Kenya national cricket team|Kenya]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/138530.html|title=Agarkar and Karthik dropped|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=7 July 2004|access-date=12 May 2007|archive-date=12 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012214836/http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/138530.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Against the Zimbabwe XI in [[Harare Sports Club]], Dhoni contributed seven catches and four stumpings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ind.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2004/IND-A_IN_ZIM/SCORECARDS/IND-A_ZIM-SEL-XI_29JUL-01AUG2004.html|title=Scorecard: Zimbabwe Select XI v India A 3rd Match Kenya Triangular Tournament 2004 Season|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 May 2007|archive-date=13 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013204715/http://ind.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2004/IND-A_IN_ZIM/SCORECARDS/IND-A_ZIM-SEL-XI_29JUL-01AUG2004.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the tri-nation tournament involving Kenya, India A and Pakistan A, Dhoni helped India A chase down their target of 223 against Pakistan A with a half-century and scored 362 runs in six innings at an average of 72.40 with back to back centuries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ind.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2004/OTHERS/KTT/SCORECARDS/IND-A_PAK-A_KTT_13AUG2004.html|title=Scorecard:India A v Pakistan A 2004 Season|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 May 2007|archive-date=21 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221092550/http://ind.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2004/OTHERS/KTT/SCORECARDS/IND-A_PAK-A_KTT_13AUG2004.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ind.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2004/OTHERS/KTT/SCORECARDS/IND-A_PAK-A_KTT_16AUG2004.html|title=Scorecard:India A v Pakistan A 6th Match Kenya Triangular Tournament 2004 Season|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 May 2007|archive-date=6 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506103721/http://ind.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2004/OTHERS/KTT/SCORECARDS/IND-A_PAK-A_KTT_16AUG2004.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ind.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2004/OTHERS/KTT/SCORECARDS/IND-A_PAK-A_KTT_19AUG2004.html|title=Scorecard:India A v Pakistan A 8th Match Kenya Triangular Tournament 2004 Season|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 May 2007|archive-date=28 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028130449/http://ind.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2004/OTHERS/KTT/SCORECARDS/IND-A_PAK-A_KTT_19AUG2004.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== International career ==
=== Debut and early years ===
The Indian ODI team in the early 2000s saw [[Rahul Dravid]] as the wicket-keeper to ensure that the wicket-keeper spot didn't lack in batting talent and also tried other wicket-keeper/batsmen like [[Parthiv Patel]] and [[Dinesh Karthik]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/135231.html|title=Ganguly – 'We can pick up the momentum'|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=16 August 2004|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=12 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012214831/http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/135231.html|url-status=live}}</ref> With Dhoni performing well for the India A squad, he was picked in the ODI squad for the [[Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2004-05|Bangladesh tour]] in December 2004.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kumble-opts-out-of-one-dayers-against-bangladesh-135596|title=Kumble opts out of one-dayers against Bangladesh|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=2 December 2004|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=23 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123044331/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kumble-opts-out-of-one-dayers-against-bangladesh-135596|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni made his debut in the first match of the series and was [[run out]] for a [[duck (cricket)|duck]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-bangladesh-2004-05-62350/bangladesh-vs-india-1st-odi-64914/full-scorecard|title=Scorecard:India v/s Bangladesh 1st ODI 2004/05 Season|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=23 December 2004|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127204826/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-bangladesh-2004-05-62350/bangladesh-vs-india-1st-odi-64914/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni was picked for the subsequent [[Pakistani cricket team in India in 2004-05|ODI series]] against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kumble-and-laxman-omitted-from-one-day-squad-146511|title=Kumble and Laxman omitted from one-day squad|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=2 December 2004|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218160055/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kumble-and-laxman-omitted-from-one-day-squad-146511|url-status=live}}</ref> In the second match of the series in [[ACA-VDCA Stadium|Visakhapatnam]], Dhoni playing in his fifth one-day international, scored 148 runs off 123 deliveries which surpassed the earlier record for the highest score by an Indian wicket-keeper.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.rediff.com/cricket/2005/apr/06dhoni.htm|title=Highest scores by wicketkeepers|publisher=[[Rediff]]|date=6 April 2005|access-date=12 May 2007|archive-date=11 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211000755/http://in.rediff.com/cricket/2005/apr/06dhoni.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni played in the [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2005-06|Sri Lankan bilateral ODI series]] in October–November 2005 and was promoted to No. 3 in the batting order in the third ODI at [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium|Jaipur]] where he scored an unbeaten 183 runs off 145 balls, winning the game for India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sri-lanka-tour-of-india-2005-06-218259/india-vs-sri-lanka-3rd-odi-223634/full-scorecard|title=Scorecard:Sri Lanka v/s India 3rd ODI 2005/06 Season|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=31 October 2005|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=29 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129223129/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sri-lanka-tour-of-india-2005-06-218259/india-vs-sri-lanka-3rd-odi-223634/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref> The innings would surpass his earlier record for the highest score by an Indian wicket-keeper and was described in [[Wisden Almanack]] as 'Uninhibited, yet anything but crude'.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/289060.html|title=Wisden Almanack: India v Sri Lanka, 2005–06|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 May 2023|date=5 April 2007|archive-date=20 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145045/https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/289060.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was also the highest individual score in ODI cricket in a run chase, a record which was broken seven years later by [[Shane Watson]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-bangladesh-2011-503357/bangladesh-vs-australia-2nd-odi-503364/full-scorecard|title=Full Scorecard of Bangladesh vs Australia 2nd ODI 2011 – Score Report|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|language=en|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=22 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222234240/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-bangladesh-2011-503357/bangladesh-vs-australia-2nd-odi-503364/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/dhoni-s-day-in-the-sun-223803|title=Dhoni's day in the sun|date=2 November 2005|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218123806/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/dhoni-s-day-in-the-sun-223803|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni ended the series with the highest aggregate of 346 runs and was awarded the [[Player of the Match awards (cricket)|Man of the series]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2005-06/SL_IN_IND/STATS/SL_IN_IND_OCT-DEC2005_ODI_AVS.html|title=Sri Lanka in India, 2005–06 One-Day Series Averages|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218123806/https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2005-06/SL_IN_IND/STATS/SL_IN_IND_OCT-DEC2005_ODI_AVS.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Dhoni behind Stumps.jpg|thumb|left|Dhoni [[wicket-keeping|keeping wickets]] in a test match]]

Dhoni became a regular in the Indian team after the [[South African cricket team in India in 2005–06|home series]] against [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] in November 2005.<ref name="ODI">{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/28081.html?class=2;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|title=Dhoni ODI batting by innings|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218123805/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/28081.html?class=2;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2005, Dhoni was awarded a "B" grade contract by the BCCI.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/pathan-elevated-to-top-bracket-zaheer-demoted-230654|title=Pathan elevated to top bracket, Zaheer demoted|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=24 December 2005|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218123805/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/pathan-elevated-to-top-bracket-zaheer-demoted-230654|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni made his test debut in the same month against Sri Lanka during their [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2005–06|tour of India]] at [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sri-lanka-tour-of-india-2005-06-218259/india-vs-sri-lanka-1st-test-226361/full-scorecard|title=Sri Lanka in India, 2005–06, First test, Chennai|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=23 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423232711/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sri-lanka-tour-of-india-2005-06-218259/india-vs-sri-lanka-1st-test-226361/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ganguly-included-in-test-squad-226933|title=Ganguly included in Test squad|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=23 November 2005|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218154925/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ganguly-included-in-test-squad-226933|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni scored 30 runs in his debut match, that was marred by rain and ended in a draw.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sri-lanka-tour-of-india-2005-06-218259/india-vs-sri-lanka-1st-test-226361/match-report-5|title=Jayawardene and Vaas star in draw|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=6 December 2005|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218154925/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sri-lanka-tour-of-india-2005-06-218259/india-vs-sri-lanka-1st-test-226361/match-report-5|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni made his maiden half-century in the second test leading to an Indian win.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sri-lanka-tour-of-india-2005-06-218259/india-vs-sri-lanka-2nd-test-226362/full-scorecard|title=Scorecard:India v/s Sri Lanka 2nd Test 2005/06 Season|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218154926/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sri-lanka-tour-of-india-2005-06-218259/india-vs-sri-lanka-2nd-test-226362/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni played all the matches in the subsequent [[Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 2005–06|tour of Pakistan]] scoring 219 runs in five ODI matches and 179 runs in five tests including his maiden test century in the second test in [[Iqbal Stadium|Faisalabad]].<ref name="Test">{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/28081.html?class=1;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|title=Dhoni Test batting by innings|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218123858/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/28081.html?class=1;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|url-status=live}}</ref> He scored 106 runs across three tests in the [[English cricket team in India in 2005–06|home series]] against [[England cricket team|England]] in March 2006 and 177 runs in five ODI series that followed.<ref name="Test"/><ref name="ODI"/> Dhoni dropped multiple catches and missed dismissal chances including a key stumping opportunity of [[Andrew Flintoff]] which led to criticism of his wicket-keeping.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/epidemic-of-dropped-catches-241557|title=Epidemic of dropped catches|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=21 March 2006|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218154925/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/epidemic-of-dropped-catches-241557|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the [[DLF Cup 2006-07]], Dhoni scored 43 runs as the team lost twice in three games and did not qualify for the finals. In the [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy]], India lost to [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] and [[Australia cricket team|Australia]], though Dhoni scored a half-century against West Indies and failed to make it to the knock out stage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2006-07-232694/points-table-standings|title=2006 Champions trophy Group B|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=7 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207222546/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2006-07-232694/points-table-standings|url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2006-07|ODI series]] in [[South African cricket team|South Africa]] in November 2006, Dhoni scored 139 runs in four matches in the series loss.<ref name="ODI"/> In the test series that followed, Dhoni scored 114 runs in two tests including a first test victory in South Africa in the first test, but was ruled out of the third test with injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/rsavind/content/story/274667.html|title=Both teams in selection quandary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=1 January 2007|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218154925/https://www.espncricinfo.com/rsavind/content/story/274667.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni made his [[T20 international]] debut in December 2006 against South Africa at [[Wanderers Stadium|Johannesburg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-south-africa-2006-07-249039/south-africa-vs-india-only-t20i-255954/full-scorecard|title=Only T20I (N), Johannesburg, December 01, 2006, India tour of South Africa|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218134331/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-south-africa-2006-07-249039/south-africa-vs-india-only-t20i-255954/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni was subsequently named in the [[ICC Men's ODI Team of the Year|ODI team of the year]] by the [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] for 2006.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-awards/content/story/266801.html|title=Ricky Ponting takes top honours at glittering ICC Awards night|date=3 November 2006|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804091358/https://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-awards/content/story/266801.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2007 World T20 and captaincy ===
India recorded identical 3–1 victory over [[West Indian cricket team in India in 2006-07|West Indies]] and [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2006-07|Sri Lanka]] in early 2007 with Dhoni averaging more than 100 in both the series. Subsequently, Dhoni was part of the squad for the [[2007 Cricket World Cup]] in which India unexpectedly crashed out in the group stage after losses to Bangladesh and Sri Lanka with Dhoni scoring ducks in both these matches and just 29 runs in the tournament.<ref name="ODI"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-2006-07-125929/india-world-cup-squad-279487/series-squads|title=India, 2007 world cup squad|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218134335/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-2006-07-125929/india-world-cup-squad-279487/series-squads|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, Dhoni's house in Ranchi was vandalised and damaged by activists of [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] and security was tightened for his family.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/it-made-me-a-better-person-ms-dhoni-reveals-how-2007-world-cup-exit-and-mob-backlash-changed-him-3008072.html|title='It made me a better person': MS Dhoni reveals how 2007 World Cup exit and backlash changed him|newspaper=Firstpost|date=17 September 2016|access-date=13 May 2019|archive-date=26 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626201021/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/it-made-me-a-better-person-ms-dhoni-reveals-how-2007-world-cup-exit-and-mob-backlash-changed-him-3008072.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni scored 91* against [[Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2007|Bangladesh]] in the first match of the ODI series in May 2007 which got him the Man of the Match award while also later winning the Man of the Series award after the third game of the series was washed away.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-bangladesh-2007-282685/bangladesh-vs-india-1st-odi-282688/full-scorecard|title=Bangladesh vs India, first ODI, 2007|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218134333/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-bangladesh-2007-282685/bangladesh-vs-india-1st-odi-282688/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni played for [[ACC Asia XI cricket team]] in the [[Afro-Asia Cup]], scoring 174 runs in three matches at an average of 87 including 139 off 97 balls in the third ODI.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/afro-asia-cup-2007-289101|title=Afro Asia cup|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218134334/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/afro-asia-cup-2007-289101|url-status=live}}</ref>

Dhoni was named vice-captain of the ODI team for the [[2007 Future Cup]] against South Africa in [[Ireland]] and the subsequent [[Indian cricket team in England in 2007|seven-match series]] against England.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/new-zealand-in-india-2016/top-stories/dhoni-excited-about-getting-vice-captaincy/articleshow/2127876.cms|title=Dhoni getting excited about vice captaincy|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 June 2007|access-date=1 May 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218134331/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/new-zealand-in-india-2016/top-stories/dhoni-excited-about-getting-vice-captaincy/articleshow/2127876.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni was awarded an 'A' grade contract by BCCI in June 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/indian-board-revises-list-of-contracted-players-298279|title=Indian board revises list of contracted players|date=7 June 2007|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218134331/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/indian-board-revises-list-of-contracted-players-298279|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni was appointed as the captain of the Indian squad for the inaugural [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|World Twenty20]] in September 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/dhoni-to-lead-indian-squad-in-south-africa-305855|title=Dhoni to lead Indian squad in South Africa|date=7 August 2007|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127200312/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/dhoni-to-lead-indian-squad-in-south-africa-305855|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni led India to victory in the tournament after defeating Pakistan in the final.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109|title=ICC World T20|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=8 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208211355/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=24 September 2020|title=On This Day: MS Dhoni leads India to maiden World T20 win with memorable triumph over Pakistan|url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/sports-news/on-this-day-ms-dhoni-leads-india-to-maiden-world-t20-win-with-memorable-triumph-over-pakistan-8847001.html|access-date=5 January 2021|newspaper=Firstpost|archive-date=6 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106162841/https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/sports-news/on-this-day-ms-dhoni-leads-india-to-maiden-world-t20-win-with-memorable-triumph-over-pakistan-8847001.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni was later appointed as the captain of the Indian cricket team in all formats.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/dhoni-to-lead-india-s-odi-squad-311421|title=Dhoni to lead India's ODI squad|date=18 September 2007|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127200314/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/dhoni-to-lead-india-s-odi-squad-311421|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 2 September 2007, Dhoni equalled [[Adam Gilchrist]]'s international record for the most dismissals in an innings in ODI by effecting six dismissals against England.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-ireland-england-and-scotland-2007-258449/england-vs-india-5th-odi-258475/full-scorecard|title=England vs India, 5th ODI, Leeds|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218134332/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-ireland-england-and-scotland-2007-258449/england-vs-india-5th-odi-258475/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni took his first and only wicket in international cricket on 30 September 2009 when he bowled [[Travis Dowlin]] of West Indies in the [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/does-ms-dhoni-have-the-highest-average-of-those-who-batted-at-no-6-and-above-for-india-1229696|title=Does MS Dhoni have the highest average of those who batted at No. 6 and above for India?|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=21 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521104623/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/does-ms-dhoni-have-the-highest-average-of-those-who-batted-at-no-6-and-above-for-india-1229696|url-status=live}}</ref> However, he scored just three runs in the only match he batted with India crashing out of the series in the group stage after the match against Australia was washed out.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2009-10-374074/points-table-standings|title=Tables standings, 2009 ICC Champions Trophy|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218134332/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2009-10-374074/points-table-standings|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni averaged more than 60 in the [[International cricket in 2008-09|2008-09 season]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/28081.html?class=2;season=2008;template=results;type=batting|title=Dhoni, ODI summary, 2008 season|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218134331/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/28081.html?class=2;season=2008;template=results;type=batting|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni scored two centuries during [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2009–10|Sri Lanka's tour of India]] in November 2009 which India won to achieve the top ranking in ICC test ranking for the first time in its history.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/8397708.stm|title=India beat Sri Lanka by an innings to top Test rankings|publisher=BBC Sport|date=6 December 2009|access-date=8 December 2009|archive-date=22 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522093220/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/8397708.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni had an excellent year in ODIs in 2009, scoring 1198 runs in just 24 innings, at an average of 70.43 and topped the ICC ODI batsman rankings for several months.<ref>{{cite web|title=ICC list: Dhoni remains No.1 ODI batsman - 2009|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/icc-rankings-dhoni-remains-no.1-odi-batsman-54016-2009-08-10|date=10 August 2009|access-date=23 April 2022|newspaper=[[India Today]]|archive-date=23 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423164303/https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/icc-rankings-dhoni-remains-no.1-odi-batsman-54016-2009-08-10|url-status=live}}</ref> He was named as the captain and wicket-keeper of the ICC ODI Team of the year.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/427665.html|title=Johnson and Gambhir scoop top awards|date=1 October 2009|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715152542/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/427665.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2011 World Cup win and later===
[[File:Wicketkeeping kit and bat of MS Dhoni at Blades of Glory Cricket Museum, Pune.jpg|thumb|Wicket-keeping kit and bat used by Dhoni during the [[2011 Cricket World Cup]] on display at the [[Blades of Glory Cricket Museum]]]]
Dhoni led the Indian squad for the [[2011 Cricket World Cup]] co-hosted by India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2010-11-381449/india-squad-497114/series-squads|title=India squad, 2011 Cricket World Cup|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218145028/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2010-11-381449/india-squad-497114/series-squads|url-status=live}}</ref> India won its second ever ODI world cup after defeating Sri Lanka in the [[2011 Cricket World Cup final|final]] with Dhoni being named man of the match for scoring an unbeaten 91.<ref name="WC">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2010-11-381449/india-vs-sri-lanka-final-433606/full-scorecard|title=2011 Cricket World Cup final|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=2 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702195633/http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433606.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2012, Pakistan toured India for a [[Pakistani cricket team in India in 2012–13|bilateral series]] for the first time in five years and Dhoni top-scored in all the three matches of the series with a century in the first ODI at Chennai.<ref>{{cite news|title=Under pressure, Dhoni scores unbeaten century|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/1st-odi-chennai-under-pressure-dhoni-scores-unbeaten-century-599554|access-date=23 August 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124210230/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22102632/pressure-dhoni-scores-unbeaten-century|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni led India to victory in the [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy]] and became the first and the only captain in international cricket to claim all [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] limited overs trophies. In the rain-shortened final against England, India won by five runs on [[Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method|DLS method]] though Dhoni himself was out for a duck.<ref>{{cite web|title=Full Scorecard of India vs England Final 2013 – Score Report|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8081/scorecard/566948/england-vs-india-final-icc-champions-trophy-2013|access-date=1 September 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=25 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125083916/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8081/scorecard/566948/england-vs-india-final-icc-champions-trophy-2013|url-status=live}}</ref> He was also named as captain and wicketkeeper of the 'Team of the Tournament' by the ICC.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/178241|title=ICC announces Team of the Tournament|publisher=ICC|access-date=16 July 2019|archive-date=16 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716214802/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/178241|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Mahendra Singh Dhoni batting.JPG|thumb|Dhoni batting against South Africa during a group stage match of [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy]]]]
After the Champions Trophy, India toured West Indies for a [[2013 West Indies Tri-Series|tri-nation tournament]] against the hosts and Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite web|title=West Indies Tri-Nation Series 2013, West Indies Tri-Nation Series 2013 score, Match schedules, fixtures, points table, results, news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/_/id/8663/season/2013/west-indies-tri-nation-series|access-date=26 November 2020|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030152630/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/_/id/8663/season/2013/west-indies-tri-nation-series|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni got injured at the start of the tournament thus ruling him out for most of the tournament. He returned to play the final where he was adjudged Man of the match for scoring 45 runs off 52 balls including 16 runs in the final [[over (cricket)|over]] to take India to victory by one wicket.<ref>{{cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Sri Lanka vs India Final 2013 – Score Report|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8663/scorecard/597929/india-vs-sri-lanka-final-west-indies-tri-nation-series-2013|access-date=26 November 2020|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|language=en|archive-date=13 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113145228/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8663/scorecard/597929/india-vs-sri-lanka-final-west-indies-tri-nation-series-2013|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2013, Dhoni became the second India batsman after [[Sachin Tendulkar]] to aggregate more than thousand runs in ODIs against Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-fastest-to-17-odi-tons-684111|title=Kohli fastest to 17 ODI tons|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=30 October 2013|access-date=1 August 2023|archive-date=4 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160259/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/684111.html|url-status=live}}</ref> India toured [[Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2013–14|South Africa]] and [[Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 2013–14|New Zealand]] in the 2013–14 season. Though Dhoni scored 84 runs at an average of 48 including one half-century against South Africa and 272 runs with three consecutive 50-plus scores against New Zealand, India lost both the series.<ref name="ODI"/> Dhoni himself reached 8000 runs in ODI in the series against New Zealand.<ref>{{cite news|date=31 January 2014|title=Dhoni fourth fastest to complete 8,000 ODI runs|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india-in-new-zealand-2014/top-stories/Dhoni-4th-fastest-to-complete-8000-ODI-runs/articleshow/29654294.cms|access-date=23 August 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220023304/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india-in-new-zealand-2014/top-stories/Dhoni-4th-fastest-to-complete-8000-ODI-runs/articleshow/29654294.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni led India in the [[2014 ICC World Twenty20]] where India finished as [[runners-up]] after losing to Sri Lanka in the final.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/world-t20-2013-14-628368|title=2014 ICC World Twenty20|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 August 2023|archive-date=26 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526210018/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/world-t20-2013-14-628368|url-status=live}}</ref> He was named as captain and wicket-keeper of the 'Team of the Tournament' by the ICC.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/180042|title=ICC announces men's ICC World Twenty20 BD 2014 Team of the Tournament|publisher=ICC|access-date=16 July 2019|archive-date=16 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716223104/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/180042|url-status=live}}</ref>

India won the away ODI series in England in [[Indian cricket team in England in 2014|2014]] and [[West Indian cricket team in India in 2014–15|series]] against West Indies in India where Dhoni scored 146 runs across the five innings he batted.<ref>{{cite web|date=7 July 2021|title=M.S. Dhoni: International records as Batsman, Captain, Wicket-Keeper, Bowler and Birthday|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/ms-dhoni-records-1562679664-1|access-date=18 January 2022|website=Jagranjosh.com|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919223946/https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/ms-dhoni-records-1562679664-1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ODI"/>

=== Test retirement and 2015 World cup ===
Dhoni played his last series during [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2014–15|India's tour of Australia]] in December 2014. Following the third Test in [[Melbourne Cricket Ground|Melbourne]], Dhoni announced his retirement from the format.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/Dhoni-retires-from-Test-cricket/article10964560.ece|title=Dhoni retires from Test cricket|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=30 December 2014|access-date=22 September 2016|last1=Dinakar|first1=S.|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118201416/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/Dhoni-retires-from-Test-cricket/article10964560.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In his last test, he effected nine dismissals (eight catches and a stumping), and in the process, went past [[Kumar Sangakkara]]'s record for most [[Dismissal (cricket)|stumpings]] in international cricket and also set a record for effecting the most dismissals in a match by an [[List of India Test wicket-keepers|Indian wicketkeeper]] until it was broken by [[Wriddhiman Saha]] in 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title= Dhoni rewrites record for most stumpings|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/indias-tour-of-australia-australiaindia-test-series-melbourne-test/article6730772.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date= 27 December 2014|access-date= 18 December 2014|archive-date= 10 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110205824/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/indias-tour-of-australia-australiaindia-test-series-melbourne-test/article6730772.ece|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Wriddhiman Saha breaks MS Dhoni's record of most dismissals by an Indian wicketkeeper in a Test|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-in-south-africa/wriddhiman-saha-breaks-ms-dhonis-record-of-most-dismissals-by-an-indian-wicketkeeper-in-a-test/articleshow/62415996.cms|access-date=15 January 2018|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 January 2018|archive-date=9 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109010230/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-in-south-africa/wriddhiman-saha-breaks-ms-dhonis-record-of-most-dismissals-by-an-indian-wicketkeeper-in-a-test/articleshow/62415996.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[Carlton Mid Triangular Series in Australia in 2014–15|Carlton Mid triangular series]] in Australia, India failed to win a single match with Dhoni himself managing just 70 runs from three innings at an average of 23.34.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/carlton-mid-one-day-international-tri-series-2014-15-754623/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results|title=Carlton Mid Triangular Series in Australia in 2014–15|access-date=31 August 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=4 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504130901/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/carlton-mid-one-day-international-tri-series-2014-15-754623/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results|url-status=live}}</ref>

During the [[2015 Cricket World Cup]], Dhoni became the first Indian captain to win all group stage matches in a world cup.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2014-15-509587/points-table-standings|title=Points table, Group B, 2015 Cricket World Cup|access-date=1 August 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=22 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722201311/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2014-15-509587/points-table-standings|url-status=live}}</ref> In the match against [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] at [[Eden Park|Auckland]], he made 85 which was the highest score by an Indian captain in New Zealand. After beating Bangladesh in the quarter finals, he became the third overall and the first non-Australian captain to win 100 ODI matches.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 March 2015|first=Gaurav|last=Gupta|title=Team India's World Cup 2015 report card|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/new-zealand-in-india-2016/top-stories/Team-Indias-World-Cup-2015-report-card/articleshow/46722646.cms|access-date=31 August 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703181242/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/new-zealand-in-india-2016/top-stories/Team-Indias-World-Cup-2015-report-card/articleshow/46722646.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> India lost to eventual champions Australia in the semi-finals with Dhoni having a good series, scoring 237 runs in six innings at an average of 59.25 and a [[strike rate]] of 102.15, and thus, becoming the second Indian captain to have an average over 50 and strike rate over 100 in a particular season of the World Cup.<ref>{{cite web|title=Batting records. One-Day Internationals|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?captain=1;class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;qualmin1=100;qualval1=batting_strike_rate;team=6;template=results;trophy=12;type=batting;view=series|access-date=1 October 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919224525/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?captain=1;class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;qualmin1=100;qualval1=batting_strike_rate;team=6;template=results;trophy=12;type=batting;view=series|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mahendra Singh Dhoni Goes Down Fighting as India Exit World Cup. Cricket News|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015/mahendra-singh-dhoni-goes-down-fighting-as-india-exit-world-cup-1503008|access-date=31 August 2020|publisher=[[NDTV]]|archive-date=25 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525062718/https://sports.ndtv.com/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015/mahendra-singh-dhoni-goes-down-fighting-as-india-exit-world-cup-1503008|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Final years and retirement ===
Dhoni led India to victory in the [[2016 Asia Cup]], where India remained unbeaten.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/asia-cup-2015-16/content/story/978853.html|title=Dhawan, Kohli bring India sixth Asia Cup title|access-date=1 December 2023|date=6 March 2016|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=2 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002021548/http://www.espncricinfo.com/asia-cup-2015-16/content/story/978853.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni stepped down as the captain of India in January 2017, ahead of the [[English cricket team in India in 2016–17|ODI series]] at home against England.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 January 2017|title=MS Dhoni gives up India's ODI and T20 captaincy|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ms-dhoni-gives-up-india-s-odi-and-t20-captaincy-1075558|url-status=live|access-date=20 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202085723/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1075558.html|archive-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> In the second game of the series, he scored 134 off 122 balls, his tenth century in ODIs and his first in over three years.<ref>{{cite news|date=19 January 2017|title=India win series with Yuvraj and Dhoni tons|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-india-2016-17-1030195/india-vs-england-2nd-odi-1034821/match-report|url-status=live|access-date=20 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903123521/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1078381.html|archive-date=3 September 2017}}</ref> He was named as a wicket-keeper of the 'Team of the Tournament' at the [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy]] in which India finished as [[runners-up]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/95290/champions-trophy-2017-team-of-the-tournament|title=Champions Trophy 2017: Team of the tournament|website=Cricbuzz|date=18 June 2017 |access-date=24 July 2019|archive-date=24 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724160940/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/95290/champions-trophy-2017-team-of-the-tournament|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2017-1022345|title=2017 ICC Champions Trophy|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813025258/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2017-1022345|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2017, during the fifth and final ODI [[Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2017|against Sri Lanka]] in [[R. Premadasa Stadium|Colombo]], he became the first wicket-keeper to effect 100 stumpings in ODIs when he stumped [[Akila Dananjaya]] off [[Yuzvendra Chahal]].<ref>{{cite news|title=MS Dhoni creates world record, becomes the first wicketkeeper with 100 ODI stumpings|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ms-dhoni-creates-world-record-becomes-first-wicketkeeper-with-100-odi-stumpings-4826848/|access-date=19 January 2019|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=3 September 2017|language=en-IN|archive-date=8 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008165250/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ms-dhoni-creates-world-record-becomes-first-wicketkeeper-with-100-odi-stumpings-4826848/|url-status=live}}</ref> He reached the milestone of effecting 400 dismissals in ODIs in February 2018, following the stumping of [[Aiden Markram]] in the third ODI of the [[Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2017–18|South Africa tour]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-in-south-africa/ms-dhoni-first-indian-wicketkeeper-to-effect-400-dismissals-in-odis/articleshow/62825651.cms|title=MS Dhoni first Indian wicketkeeper to effect 400 dismissals in ODIs|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=7 February 2018|archive-date=28 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328130538/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-in-south-africa/ms-dhoni-first-indian-wicketkeeper-to-effect-400-dismissals-in-odis/articleshow/62825651.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Though, he had a relatively mediocre series scoring 79 runs in two innings at a strike rate of 63.20 during India's [[Indian cricket team in England in 2018|2018 tour of England]], he went past 10,000 ODI runs, becoming the fourth Indian and twelfth overall to do so.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-in-england/ms-dhoni-becomes-second-wicketkeeper-to-score-10000-odi-runs/articleshow/64991910.cms|title=MS Dhoni becomes the second wicket-keeper to score 10,000 ODI runs|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=15 July 2018|archive-date=17 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817015304/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-in-england/ms-dhoni-becomes-second-wicketkeeper-to-score-10000-odi-runs/articleshow/64991910.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Why Dhoni's World Cup place is in doubt|url=https://www.rediff.com/cricket/special/why-dhonis-world-cup-place-is-in-doubt/20180721.htm|access-date=19 January 2019|publisher=[[Rediff]]|date=21 July 2018|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109030004/https://www.rediff.com/cricket/special/why-dhonis-world-cup-place-is-in-doubt/20180721.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=India in England ODI Series, 2018 Cricket Team Records & Stats|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=12032;type=series|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=19 January 2019|archive-date=26 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626201005/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=12032;type=series|url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[2018 Asia Cup]] title winning campaign, he scored just 77 runs in four innings at an average of 19.25.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/asia-cup-2018-final-liton-das-slams-maiden-odi-hundred-5378390/|title=Asia Cup 2018 final: Liton Das slams maiden ODI hundred|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|access-date=1 December 2023|date=28 September 2018|archive-date=5 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105232912/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/asia-cup-2018-final-liton-das-slams-maiden-odi-hundred-5378390/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=12497&type=tournament|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|title=Asia Cup 2018 — Most Runs — Records|access-date=8 September 2022|archive-date=21 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521101625/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/asia-cup-2018-12497|url-status=live}}</ref> While captaining in the group stage match against [[Afghanistan cricket team|Afghanistan]] due to regular captain [[Rohit Sharma]] being unavailable, Dhoni became the first cricketer to lead India 200 times in ODIs.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/asia-cup-2018-ms-dhoni-creates-history-leads-india-for-200th-time/story-rWefNdxoLUZx4OukUqlnaK.html|title=Asia Cup 2018: MS Dhoni creates history, leads India for 200th time|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=20 September 2018|access-date=25 September 2018|archive-date=26 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926121716/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/asia-cup-2018-ms-dhoni-creates-history-leads-india-for-200th-time/story-rWefNdxoLUZx4OukUqlnaK.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni aggregated 50 runs from three innings in the [[West Indian cricket team in India in 2018–19|home series against West Indies]].<ref>{{cite news|title=West Indies series a big one for MS Dhoni ahead of 2019 World Cup: Sourav Ganguly|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/india-vs-west-indies-ms-dhoni-2019-world-cup-sourav-ganguly-1372393-2018-10-21|newspaper=[[India Today]]|access-date=19 January 2019|language=en|date=21 October 2018|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417201439/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/india-vs-west-indies-ms-dhoni-2019-world-cup-sourav-ganguly-1372393-2018-10-21|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=West Indies in India ODI Series, 2018/19 Cricket Team Records & Stats|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=12635;type=series|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=19 January 2019|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417212829/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=12635;type=series|url-status=live}}</ref> In the series, he effected the fastest stumping in the history of cricket, clocked at 0.08 seconds, when dismissing [[Keemo Paul]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Roy |first=Anjishnu |date=30 July 2023 |title=Fastest stumping in cricket - MS Dhoni leads top 5 list |url=https://www.mpl.live/blog/fastest-stumping-in-cricket/ |access-date=7 June 2024 |work=MPL }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Gunjan |title=Top 5 Stumpings in Cricketing history |url=https://www.india.com/hindi-news/gallery-hindi/top-5-fastest-stumping-in-cricket-ms-dhoni-at-number-one-6323388/ |access-date=7 June 2024 |work=India |language=hi}}</ref>

Dhoni was not selected for the T20I squad for the series that followed and the [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2018–19|Australia tour]] later that season.<ref>{{cite news|title=MS Dhoni dropped from T20I series against West Indies, Australia|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/west-indies-in-india/ms-dhoni-dropped-from-t20i-series-against-west-indies-australia/articleshow/66384159.cms|access-date=19 January 2019|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|agency=Press Trust of India|date=27 October 2018|archive-date=27 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027032020/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/west-indies-in-india/ms-dhoni-dropped-from-t20i-series-against-west-indies-australia/articleshow/66384159.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> However, he was included in the squad for the ODI series in Australia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dhoni named by India for Australia ODIs|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/ms-dhoni-india-odi-squad-australia-one-day-series-kohli-rohit-dhawan/2018-12-24|access-date=19 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119074728/https://www.cricket.com.au/news/ms-dhoni-india-odi-squad-australia-one-day-series-kohli-rohit-dhawan/2018-12-24|archive-date=19 January 2019|publisher=[[Cricket Australia]]|date=24 December 2018|language=en}}</ref> In the three-match series, Dhoni scored half-centuries in all three games with the latter two resulting in wins, helping India secure a 2–1 series victory, their first in a bilateral series on Australian soil and was named player of the series while also becoming the fourth Indian to score more than 1,000 ODI runs in Australia.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rao|first1=Santosh|title=MS Dhoni Becomes Fourth Indian To Achieve Stunning Feat in Australia|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/australia-vs-india-2018-19/india-vs-australia-ms-dhoni-becomes-fourth-indian-to-score-1000-odi-runs-in-australia-1979744|access-date=19 January 2019|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=18 January 2019|language=en|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108003306/https://sports.ndtv.com/australia-vs-india-2018-19/india-vs-australia-ms-dhoni-becomes-fourth-indian-to-score-1000-odi-runs-in-australia-1979744|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2019, he was named in [[2019 Cricket World Cup squads#India|India's squad]] for the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26528278/rahul-karthik-pant-rayudu-india-world-cup-squad|title=Rahul and Karthik in, Pant and Rayudu out of India's World Cup squad|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=15 April 2019|date=15 April 2019|archive-date=7 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107223734/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26528278/rahul-karthik-pant-rayudu-india-world-cup-squad|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1179330|title=Dinesh Karthik, Vijay Shankar in India's World Cup squad|publisher=International Cricket Council|access-date=15 April 2019|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417081730/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1179330|url-status=live}}</ref> On 9 July 2019, Dhoni played in his 350th and final ODI in the semi-final loss against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand.]]<ref>{{cite news|title=ICC World Cup 2019: MS Dhoni Becomes The Second Indian To Play 350 ODIs|url=https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket/icc-world-cup-2019-ms-dhoni-becomes-the-second-indian-to-play-350-odis/|publisher=Cricket Addictor|access-date=9 July 2019|date=9 July 2019|archive-date=9 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709091252/https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket/icc-world-cup-2019-ms-dhoni-becomes-the-second-indian-to-play-350-odis/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 August 2020, Dhoni formally announced his retirement from international cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1281004|title=MS Dhoni retires from all international cricket|work=[[International Cricket Council]]|access-date=15 August 2020|archive-date=1 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101022148/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1281004|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Post-international retirement===
On 8 September 2021, Dhoni was appointed as the mentor of the Indian team for the [[2021 Men's T20 World Cup|2021 T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite news|title=India's T20 World Cup squad: R Ashwin picked, MS Dhoni named mentor|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-s-2021-t20-world-cup-squad-r-ashwin-picked-ms-dhoni-named-mentor-1276821|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829043156/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-s-2021-t20-world-cup-squad-r-ashwin-picked-ms-dhoni-named-mentor-1276821|archive-date=29 August 2025|access-date=16 October 2025|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=8 September 2021|title='He agreed to mentor India for World Cup' – Shah on Dhoni appointment|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/he-agreed-to-mentor-india-for-world-cup-shah-on-dhoni-appointment|work=[[International Cricket Council]]|access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Karhadkar|first=Amol|date=16 October 2021|title=Dhoni's presence will boost the morale of the team: Kohli|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/icc-mens-t20-world-cup/2021/news/virat-kohli-interview-india-at-t20-world-cup-2021-rahul-dravid-dhoni/article37027708.ece|access-date=16 October 2025|work=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>

== Domestic career ==
Dhoni played for Bihar state cricket team since 1999 before representing Jharkhand later. He has also played for Rajasthan Cricket Association President's XI, East zone and [[Rest of India cricket team|Rest of India]] in domestic cricket.<ref name="Cric">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/ms-dhoni-28081|title=M S Dhoni, profile|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=28 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128200628/https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/ms-dhoni-28081|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[BCCI Corporate Trophy|BCCI Corporate trophy]], he played for [[Air India]] until his resignation from the company in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Air India wins BCCI Corporate Trophy|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2009/sep/08/air-india-wins-bcci-corporate-trophy-84579.html|access-date=29 November 2021|newspaper=The New Indian Express|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919231739/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2009/sep/08/air-india-wins-bcci-corporate-trophy-84579.html|url-status=live|date=8 September 2009}}</ref> In February 2005, Dhoni played for India seniors in [[NKP Salve Challenger Trophy|Challenger trophy]], where he scored 102 against India B.<ref>{{cite news|title=MS Dhoni's blistering ton inspires Jharkhand win in Vijay Hazare trophy|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/cricket/260217/ms-dhoni-blistering-ton-inspires-jharkhand-win-in-vijay-hazare-trophy.html|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=2 October 2023|archive-date=5 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005061354/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/cricket/260217/ms-dhoni-blistering-ton-inspires-jharkhand-win-in-vijay-hazare-trophy.html}}</ref> [[Jharkhand State Cricket Association]] (JSCA) appointed him captain of the Jharkhand team in February 2017 for the [[2017-18 Vijay Hazare Trophy|2017-18 Vijay Hazare trophy]] and on 25 February 2017, he scored his first ever domestic list-A century against [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]] and led the team to the quarter final where Jharkhand lost against [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Mahendra Singh Dhoni named Jharkhand captain for Vijay Hazare Trophy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/mahendra-singh-dhoni-jharkhand-vijay-hazare-trophy-961966-2017-02-22|access-date=2 October 2023|newspaper=[[India Today]]|archive-date=4 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004231638/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/mahendra-singh-dhoni-jharkhand-vijay-hazare-trophy-961966-2017-02-22|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jharkhand vs Delhi, Vijay Hazare Trophy 2015/16, 2nd Quarter-Final at Bengaluru, December 23, 2015 - Full Scorecard|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2015-16-901115/jharkhand-vs-delhi-2nd-quarter-final-902075/full-scorecard|access-date=2 October 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|language=en|archive-date=4 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004231638/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2015-16-901115/jharkhand-vs-delhi-2nd-quarter-final-902075/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Franchise career==
{{MedalBox|title=[[Chennai Super Kings|Chennai Super Kings]]|medals=
{{MedalCompetition|[[Indian Premier League]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2010 Indian Premier League|2010]], [[2011 Indian Premier League|2011]], [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018]], [[2021 Indian Premier League|2021]], [[2023 Indian Premier League|2023]]|}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2008 Indian Premier League|2008]], [[2012 Indian Premier League|2012]], [[2013 Indian Premier League|2013]], [[2015 Indian Premier League|2015]], [[2019 Indian Premier League|2019]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Champions League Twenty20|Champions League]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2010 Champions League Twenty20|2010]], [[2014 Champions League Twenty20|2014]]|}}
|sport=[[T20 Cricket]]|country=|color=yellow}}
{{MedalBox|title=[[Rising Pune Supergiant|Rising Pune Supergiants]]|medals=
{{MedalCompetition|[[Indian Premier League]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2017 Indian Premier League|2017]]|}}
|sport=[[T20 Cricket]]|country=|color=purple}}
[[File:MS Dhoni in 2011.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Dhoni with Chennai Super Kings in 2011]]
Dhoni was acquired by [[Chennai Super Kings]] (CSK) for US$1.5 million during the [[List of 2008 Indian Premier League auctions and personnel signings|auction]] for the [[2008 Indian Premier League|inaugural season]] of the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). He was the most expensive signing in the auction.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/Dhoni-gets-the-highest-price-at-IPL-auction/article15170655.ece|title=Dhoni gets the highest price at IPL auction|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=21 February 2008|access-date=24 September 2018|archive-date=23 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823143919/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/Dhoni-gets-the-highest-price-at-IPL-auction/article15170655.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni scored 414 runs to lead CSK to the finals in the first season of IPL.<ref name="IPL">{{cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/teams/chennai-super-kings/squad-details/1|title=MS Dhoni, Chennai Super Kings|publisher=IPL|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218163516/https://www.iplt20.com/teams/chennai-super-kings/squad-details/1|url-status=live}}</ref> Under his captaincy, CSK won the [[2010 Indian Premier League|2010 edition]] and qualified for [[Champions League Twenty20]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Raina, Dhoni star in Chennai triumph|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-10-418064/mumbai-indians-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-419165/match-report|access-date=4 June 2013|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226065304/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-10-418064/mumbai-indians-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-419165/match-report|url-status=live}}</ref> Chennai won the [[2010 Champions League Twenty20|2010 Champions league]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Warriors v Chennai: Dominant Chennai seal title|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2010-11-456281/warriors-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-465141/match-report|access-date=21 April 2012|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=13 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213093451/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2010-11-456281/warriors-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-465141/match-report|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni scored 392 runs and led CSK to its second consecutive IPL title in [[2011 Indian Premier League|2011]].<ref name="CSK">{{cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/teams/chennai-super-kings/archive|title=Chennai Super Kings|publisher=IPL|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218163515/https://www.iplt20.com/teams/chennai-super-kings/archive|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni led CSK to its second Champions League Twenty20 title in [[2014 Champions League Twenty20|2014]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2014-15-763543|title=2014 Champions League Twenty20|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=9 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209080159/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2014-15-763543|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni scored 2987 runs from 129 matches in the IPL across the first eight seasons for the Super Kings.<ref name="IPL"/>

Following the two-year suspension of Chennai Super Kings and [[Rajasthan Royals]], two new franchises [[Rising Pune Supergiants]] and [[Gujarat Lions]] were established for the [[2016 Indian Premier League]] season. Supergiants picked Dhoni as one of their five [[List of 2016 Indian Premier League personnel changes|draft]] picks on 15 December 2015 for {{INRConvert|125|m}}.<ref name=amol>{{cite news|last=Amol|title=Pune picks Dhoni, Rajkot recruits Raina|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl/ipl-2016-pune-picks-dhoni-ashwin-rajkot-recuits-raina-jadeja/article7993173.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=5 January 2016|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-date=23 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123162718/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl/ipl-2016-pune-picks-dhoni-ashwin-rajkot-recuits-raina-jadeja/article7993173.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> He scored 574 runs in 30 matches across two seasons for the Supergiants.<ref name="IPL"/>

Dhoni [[List of 2018 Indian Premier League personnel changes|returned]] to CSK for the [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018 season]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sports/ipl-2018-dhoni-to-return-to-chennai-super-kings/article22302414.ece1|title=IPL 2018: Dhoni to return to Chennai Super Kings|date=1 March 2018|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218163514/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sports/ipl-2018-dhoni-to-return-to-chennai-super-kings/article22302414.ece1|url-status=live}}</ref> He scored 455 runs and led his team to its third IPL title.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136620/chennai-super-kings-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-final-indian-premier-league-2018|title=Final (N), Indian Premier League at Mumbai, May 27 2018. Match Report|date=27 May 2018 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=28 May 2018|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029092150/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136620/chennai-super-kings-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-final-indian-premier-league-2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni led CSK to the title again in [[2021 Indian Premier League|2021]] and was retained for {{INRconvert|12|c}} before the [[List of 2022 Indian Premier League personnel changes|auction]] for the 2022 season.<ref>{{cite news|title=MS Dhoni's CSK claim 4th title: Complete list of IPL winners since 2008|url=https://www.wionews.com/sports/ms-dhonis-csk-claim-4th-title-complete-list-of-ipl-winners-since-2008-421316|access-date=18 March 2022|work=WION|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919224331/https://www.wionews.com/sports/ms-dhonis-csk-claim-4th-title-complete-list-of-ipl-winners-since-2008-421316|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni stepped down from captaincy ahead of that season and [[Ravindra Jadeja]] was appointed the new captain.<ref>{{cite news|date=24 March 2022|title=MS Dhoni steps down as Chennai Super Kings captain, Ravindra Jadeja to lead in IPL 2022|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ms-dhoni-steps-down-as-chennai-super-kings-captain-ravindra-jadeja-to-lead-in-ipl-2022-1928680-2022-03-24|access-date=24 March 2022|newspaper=[[India Today]]|archive-date=24 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324092626/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ms-dhoni-steps-down-as-chennai-super-kings-captain-ravindra-jadeja-to-lead-in-ipl-2022-1928680-2022-03-24|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=24 March 2022|title=IPL 2022: MS Dhoni steps down as CSK captain, Ravindra Jadeja to lead|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2022-ms-dhoni-steps-down-as-csk-captain-ravindra-jadeja-to-lead-101648113424700.html|access-date=24 March 2022|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922154911/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2022-ms-dhoni-steps-down-as-csk-captain-ravindra-jadeja-to-lead-101648113424700.html|url-status=live}}</ref> However, a month later, Jadeja handed over the captaincy back to Dhoni in the middle of the season.<ref>{{cite news|date=30 April 2022|title=Ravindra-Jadeja-hands-over-CSK-captaincy-back-to-MS-Dhoni|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2022-ravindra-jadeja-hands-over-csk-captaincy-back-to-ms-dhoni-101651326298439.html|access-date=30 April 2022|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922153113/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2022-ravindra-jadeja-hands-over-csk-captaincy-back-to-ms-dhoni-101651326298439.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni led the franchise to victory again the [[2023 Indian Premier League|following season]].<ref name="CSK"/> Under his captaincy, CSK became the most successful IPL franchise with five title wins and ten final appearances.<ref>{{cite news|date=25 October 2017|title=MS Dhoni: Indian cricket's first mega-brand|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/book-extract-democracy-s-xi-by-rajdeep-sardesai-1123867|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111224912/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21145684/democracy-xi-rajdeep-sardesai|archive-date=11 November 2020|access-date=26 October 2017|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Dhoni became the first player to play 200 T20 matches for CSK and holds the record for most appearances in the IPL.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sen|first=Rohan|date=16 April 2021|title=IPL 2021: MS Dhoni becomes first player to feature in 200 T20 matches for Chennai Super Kings|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/ipl-2021/story/ms-dhoni-200-matches-csk-t20-indian-premier-league-records-pbks-vs-csk-1791801-2021-04-16|access-date=29 August 2021|work=[[India Today]]|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919234553/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/ipl-2021/story/ms-dhoni-200-matches-csk-t20-indian-premier-league-records-pbks-vs-csk-1791801-2021-04-16|url-status=live}}</ref> Ahead of the [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024 season]], Dhoni handed over captaincy to [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]].<ref>{{cite news |title=MS Dhoni hands over CSK captaincy to Ruturaj Gaikwad |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2024-ruturaj-gaikwad-takes-over-from-ms-dhoni-as-the-new-csk-captain-1425580 |access-date=15 April 2024 |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=21 March 2024 |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521104625/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2024-ruturaj-gaikwad-takes-over-from-ms-dhoni-as-the-new-csk-captain-1425580 |url-status=live }}</ref> He marked his 250th appearance for CSK in that season, in a league stage match against [[Mumbai Indians]] on 14 April 2024, helping his team secure a 20-run win, following his unbeaten four-ball 20.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chennai beat Mumbai despite Rohit Sharma ton |url=https://supersport.com/cricket/indian-premier-league-2024/news/65334d47-a559-4c97-9215-852b80d5c6c0/chennai-beat-mumbai-despite-rohit-sharma-ton |access-date=15 April 2024 |work=SuperSport |date=14 April 2024 }}</ref>

== Outside cricket ==
[[File:The Chief of Army Staff, Gen. V.K. Singh pipping in the Rank of Hon. Lt. Col. to Indian Skipper M.S. Dhoni, in New Delhi on November 01, 2011.jpg|thumb|[[Chief of Army Staff]] [[General]] [[V. K. Singh]] bestowing the [[honorary rank]] of [[Lieutenant colonel]] to Dhoni]]
Dhoni holds an [[honorary rank]] of [[Lieutenant colonel]] in the [[Parachute Regiment (India)|Parachute Regiment]] of the [[Territorial Army (India)|Indian Territorial Army]] (106 Para TA battalion).<ref>{{cite news|last=Saharoy|first=Shilarze|date=7 July 2021|title=Indian army veteran says the armed forces might have missed out on a good officer in Mahendra Singh Dhoni|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/indian-army-veteran-says-the-armed-forces-might-have-missed-out-on-a-good-officer-in-mahendra-singh-dhoni/articleshow/76829739.cms|access-date=23 August 2021|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|archive-date=23 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823065637/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/indian-army-veteran-says-the-armed-forces-might-have-missed-out-on-a-good-officer-in-mahendra-singh-dhoni/articleshow/76829739.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The honorary rank was presented to him by the [[Indian Army]] in 2011 for his service to the nation as a cricketer.<ref name="Col">{{cite news|date=31 July 2019|title=What you need to know about Dhoni's stint with the Indian Territorial Army|language=en-IN|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-indian-territorial-army/article28769059.ece|access-date=23 August 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922024727/https://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-indian-territorial-army/article28769059.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> After completing five parachute training jumps from Indian Army aircraft in the Agra training camp, he became a [[Paratrooper|qualified paratrooper]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lavania|first=Deepak|date=21 August 2020|title=Dhoni 'the paratrooper' knew how to land smoothly|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/dhoni-the-paratrooper-knew-how-to-land-smoothly/articleshow/77578267.cms|access-date=23 August 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=23 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823070502/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/dhoni-the-paratrooper-knew-how-to-land-smoothly/articleshow/77578267.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2019, he completed a two-week stint with the Territorial Army in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Lieutenant Colonel MS Dhoni completes 15-day Army stint.|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ms-dhoni-territorial-army-training-completes-leh-airport-photos-lieutenant-colonel-1581698-2019-08-17|newspaper=[[India Today]]|access-date=17 August 2019|archive-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102100307/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ms-dhoni-territorial-army-training-completes-leh-airport-photos-lieutenant-colonel-1581698-2019-08-17|url-status=live}}</ref> While spending a day with the [[Parachute Regiment (India)|parachute regiment]] in Ranchi, Dhoni said that he wanted to become a soldier and not a cricketer, "Since childhood I wanted to join the Army. Seeing the soldiers, I thought that one day I'll be the same".<ref>{{cite news|title=I wanted to become a soldier, not a cricketer: Dhoni|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/i-wanted-to-become-a-soldier-not-a-cricketer-dhoni-1147527.html|access-date=11 October 2021|website=Firstpost|date=2 October 2013|language=en|archive-date=3 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403214539/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/i-wanted-to-become-a-soldier-not-a-cricketer-dhoni-1147527.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Dhoni holds the post of vice-president in [[India Cements|India Cements Ltd]], the company owned by former BCCI president [[N. Srinivasan]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Jagannathan|first=K. T.|date=2 February 2013|title=India Cements appoints Dhoni as Vice-President|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/companies/india-cements-appoints-dhoni-as-vicepresident/article4369568.ece|access-date=29 November 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=3 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103220515/https://www.thehindu.com/business/companies/india-cements-appoints-dhoni-as-vicepresident/article4369568.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/in-a-first-india-cements-ropes-in-its-vp-marketing-captain-cool-ms-dhoni-to-endorse-two-brands-8239391.html|title=In a first, India Cements ropes in its VP Marketing 'Captain Cool' MS Dhoni to endorse two brands|date=16 March 2022|publisher=Money Control|access-date=12 March 2023|archive-date=24 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924215235/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/in-a-first-india-cements-ropes-in-its-vp-marketing-captain-cool-ms-dhoni-to-endorse-two-brands-8239391.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni is a co-owner of [[Chennai]]-based football club [[Chennaiyin FC]], a franchise of the [[Indian Super League]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/MS-Dhoni-becomes-ISL-team-Chennaiyin-FC-co-owner/articleshow/44492402.cms|title=MS Dhoni becomes ISL team Chennaiyin FC co-owner|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 October 2014|access-date=7 October 2014|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306143252/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/MS-Dhoni-becomes-ISL-team-Chennaiyin-FC-co-owner/articleshow/44492402.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> He also co-owns Ranchi-based [[field hockey|hockey]] club [[Ranchi Rays]], a franchise of the [[Hockey India League]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Dhoni buys Ranchi franchise of Hockey India League|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/hockey-india-league/top-stories/Dhoni-buys-Ranchi-franchise-of-Hockey-India-League/articleshow/44931020.cms|website=The Times of India|date=2 December 2014|access-date=14 December 2014|archive-date=7 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307004916/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/hockey-india-league/top-stories/Dhoni-buys-Ranchi-franchise-of-Hockey-India-League/articleshow/44931020.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2016, Dhoni launched lifestyle brand [[SEVEN (brand)|SEVEN]] which he co-owns while also serving as its brand ambassador.<ref>{{cite news|title=Seven grosses over $2.5 mio|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=27 August 2017|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/dhonis-brand-seven-grosses-over-2-5-million-in-three-months/articleshow/53221126.cms|archive-date=13 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613020204/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/dhonis-brand-seven-grosses-over-2-5-million-in-three-months/articleshow/53221126.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, Dhoni invested in vehicle re-seller [[CARS24]] and simultaneously became brand ambassador of the company.<ref>{{cite news|title=MS Dhoni invests in CARS24, will be the company's brand ambassador|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/marketing/ms-dhoni-invests-in-cars24-will-be-the-companys-brand-ambassador/70656630|access-date=18 September 2020|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=13 August 2019|language=en|archive-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302080047/https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/marketing/ms-dhoni-invests-in-cars24-will-be-the-companys-brand-ambassador/70656630|url-status=live}}</ref> On 11 October 2022, Dhoni invested in Shaka Harry, a plant-based protein company.<ref>{{cite news|date=24 July 2022|title=Big FMCG companies enter plant-based meat segment, target non-veg consumers|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/big-fmcg-companies-enter-plant-based-meat-segment-target-non-veg-consumers-122072400548_1.html|access-date=12 October 2022|newspaper=Business Standard|archive-date=12 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012112702/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/big-fmcg-companies-enter-plant-based-meat-segment-target-non-veg-consumers-122072400548_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=MS Dhoni invests in plant-based protein startup Shaka Harry|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/ms-dhoni-invests-in-plant-based-protein-startup-shaka-harry/articleshow/94792244.cms|access-date=1 December 2023|date=22 October 2022|archive-date=12 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012112703/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/ms-dhoni-invests-in-plant-based-protein-startup-shaka-harry/articleshow/94792244.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:MS Dhoni's jersey at Blades of Glory Cricket Museum, Pune.jpg|thumb|The No.7 jersey of the [[Indian cricket team]] made popular by Dhoni]]

{{anchor|Dhoni Entertainment}}In 2019, Dhoni Entertainment entered into a long-term business agreement with [[Banijay Group|Banijay Asia]] to produce content across various genres.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banijay Asia, MS Dhoni Ink Pact To Create Content Across Genres|work=Banjay Asia|url=https://banijayasia.com/banijay-asia-ms-dhoni-ink-pact-create-content-across-genres/|date=7 January 2019|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226102729/https://banijayasia.com/banijay-asia-ms-dhoni-ink-pact-create-content-across-genres/|url-status=live}}</ref> The first show developed by the company was a documentary web series titled ''[[Roar of The Lion (documentary)|Roar of The Lion]]'' for [[Disney+ Hotstar]] in 2019 which dealt with the ban of Chennai Super Kings from the Indian Premier League in 2016 and their return to win the title in 2018.<ref name="RoR">{{cite news|url=https://www.insidesport.co/hotstar-to-launch-docudrama-with-dhoni-on-march-20/|title=Roar of the Lion – The untold Dhoni story to come on Hotstar|last=Kansal|first=Sonal|date=6 March 2019|publisher=InsideSport|access-date=12 March 2019|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703181300/https://www.insidesport.co/hotstar-to-launch-docudrama-with-dhoni-on-march-20/|url-status=live}}</ref> The production house produced a [[Tamil language]] romantic drama ''[[LGM (film)|LGM]]'' which was released on 28 July 2023.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dhoni Entertainment's 'LGM - Let's Get Married' to release in theatres on July 28|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dhoni-entertainments-lgm-lets-get-married-to-release-in-theatres-on-july-28/article67100795.ece|website=The Hindu|access-date=28 July 2023|language=en-IN|date=20 July 2023|archive-date=22 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722123540/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dhoni-entertainments-lgm-lets-get-married-to-release-in-theatres-on-july-28/article67100795.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LGM – Let's Get Married Review: Sakshi, Dhoni gift the most nonsensical film of 2023|date=28 July 2023 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/lgm-lets-get-married-review-sakshi-dhoni-gift-the-most-nonsensical-film-of-2023-2412841-2023-07-28|publisher=[[India Today]]|access-date=28 July 2023|language=en|archive-date=28 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728080238/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/lgm-lets-get-married-review-sakshi-dhoni-gift-the-most-nonsensical-film-of-2023-2412841-2023-07-28|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=LGM: Let's Get Married Movie Review : LGM - Not a sixer this time|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/lgm-lets-get-married/movie-review/102186042.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=28 July 2023|archive-date=28 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728080238/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/lgm-lets-get-married/movie-review/102186042.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni performed a special cameo appearance in [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]'s film ''[[The Greatest of All Time|G.O.A.T]]'' that was released on 5 September 2024.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jayaraman|first=NP|title=Thala' MS Dhoni special cameo in 'Thalapathy' Vijay's 'GOAT'|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=3 April 2024|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/thala-ms-dhoni-to-do-a-cameo-in-thalapathy-vijays-goat-2963237|access-date=19 May 2024|archive-date=19 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519131554/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/thala-ms-dhoni-to-do-a-cameo-in-thalapathy-vijays-goat-2963237|url-status=live}}</ref>

Dhoni is one of the most popular cricketers in the world.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tristanlavalette/2023/05/27/all-eyes-on-cricket-legend-ms-dhoni-ahead-of-indias-biggest-sports-event/?sh=7da1ba8f115b|title=All Eyes On Cricket Legend MS Dhoni Ahead Of India's Biggest Sports Event|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=19 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219043046/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tristanlavalette/2023/05/27/all-eyes-on-cricket-legend-ms-dhoni-ahead-of-indias-biggest-sports-event/?sh=7da1ba8f115b|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2022}}, Dhoni has more than 75 million followers on social media platforms and his brand value was projected to be $80.3 million by [[Kroll Inc.|Duff and Phelps]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/advertising/ms-dhoni-a-baahubali-brand-whose-valuation-score-keeps-running-to-new-dawns/articleshow/100614122.cms|title=MS Dhoni a baahubali whose brand valuation keeps running to new dawns|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=30 May 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=19 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219043046/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/advertising/ms-dhoni-a-baahubali-brand-whose-valuation-score-keeps-running-to-new-dawns/articleshow/100614122.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni's popularity is often compared to Sachin Tendulkar, the highest run scorer in international cricket.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/sports/cricket-news/dhoni-s-popularity-in-india-has-surpassed-tendulkar-and-kohli-s-feels-gavaskar-11600535591315.html|title=Dhoni's popularity has surpassed Tendulkar feels Gavaskar|newspaper=Mint|date=19 September 2020|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=19 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219052223/https://www.livemint.com/sports/cricket-news/dhoni-s-popularity-in-india-has-surpassed-tendulkar-and-kohli-s-feels-gavaskar-11600535591315.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/dhoni-more-popular-than-tendulkar-gavaskar/article32650114.ece|title=Dhoni more popular than Tendulkar|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 September 2020|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=19 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219052223/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/dhoni-more-popular-than-tendulkar-gavaskar/article32650114.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The No.7 jersey was made popular by Dhoni and was retired by the BCCI in 2023 as an honour to him.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/sports/cricket/bcci-retires-ms-dhonis-iconic-jersey-no-7-to-honour-his-contribution-to-indian-cricket/videoshow/106031769.cms|title=BCCI retires iconic No.7 jersey to honour Dhoni|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=15 December 2023|date=15 December 2023|archive-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215173729/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/sports/cricket/bcci-retires-ms-dhonis-iconic-jersey-no-7-to-honour-his-contribution-to-indian-cricket/videoshow/106031769.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni has developed a special connection with the city of [[Chennai]] whose IPL franchise he represents and the fans often call him 'Thala' meaning leader in Tamil.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/dhoni-the-ultimate-outsider-who-became-chennais-own/article66853457.ece|title=Dhoni — the ultimate outsider who became Chennai's own|date=15 May 2023|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=11 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211153629/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/dhoni-the-ultimate-outsider-who-became-chennais-own/article66853457.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-steps-down-as-csk-captain-virender-sehwag-pays-rich-tribute-to-former-chennai-leader-101648144457219.html|title='Thala Dhoni and Chennai will remain a connection like very few': Sehwag pays rich tribute to former CSK 'leader'|date=25 March 2022|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=19 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219043046/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-steps-down-as-csk-captain-virender-sehwag-pays-rich-tribute-to-former-chennai-leader-101648144457219.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Playing style ==
[[File:MS_Dhoni_2.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Dhoni in 2008]]
Dhoni is a right-handed [[batsman]] and [[wicket-keeper]].<ref name="Cric"/> Dhoni is an unorthodox batsman who deviates from conventional coaching manuals to showcase his batting technique.<ref name="Uno">{{cite news|last=Ragav|first=S. Dipak|title=Unorthodox Dhoni shows his method of big hitting|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/unorthodox-dhoni-shows-his-method-of-big-hitting/article19332978.ece|access-date=11 October 2021|publisher=Sportstar|date=22 July 2017|language=en|archive-date=11 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011070440/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/unorthodox-dhoni-shows-his-method-of-big-hitting/article19332978.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni displays a proclivity for hitting [[Full length (bowling)|full-length]] deliveries towards the [[Fielding (cricket)|Long-on]], [[Long off|Long-off]], and [[Midwicket|Midwicket regions]], rather than the conventional Cover region.<ref name="Uno"/> He plays [[pull shot]]s and hook shots off [[Short pitched bowling|short-pitched]] deliveries often putting pressure on the bowler to adjust their line and length accordingly. Dhoni holds the bat with a firm grip at the bottom of the handle, striking the ball with force and precision to clear the boundary.<ref>{{cite news|agency=PTI|date=23 August 2020|title=Looked like a maverick, destroyed whatever came in front of him: Holding lauds Dhoni|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/looked-like-a-maverick-destroyed-whatever-came-in-front-of-him-holding-lauds-dhoni/article32421867.ece|access-date=26 October 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026141032/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/looked-like-a-maverick-destroyed-whatever-came-in-front-of-him-holding-lauds-dhoni/article32421867.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a powerful hitter of the ball and is one of the fastest men in running between the wickets.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 February 2017|title=10 fastest runners in the cricket world|url=https://cricket.yahoo.net/news/10-fastest-runners-cricket-world-144800169|access-date=22 December 2020|publisher=[[Yahoo! Cricket]]|archive-date=14 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314091938/https://cricket.yahoo.net/news/10-fastest-runners-cricket-world-144800169|url-status=live}}</ref> He plays the [[helicopter shot]] technique, taught to him by a fellow player and childhood friend [[Santosh Lal]].<ref>{{cite web|date=18 July 2013|title=Jharkhand cricketer Santosh Lal dies aged 29|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/jharkhand-cricketer-santosh-lal-dies-aged-29-652629|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200604173648/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/29254377/shane-warne-birthday-wishes-certain-waugh|archive-date=4 June 2020|access-date=4 June 2020|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sheringham|first1=Sam|title=World T20 cricket: Dilscoops, helicopter shots and the gangnam|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/19877241|access-date=4 June 2020|publisher=[[BBC Sport Online]]|date=9 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604164314/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/19877241|archive-date=4 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> As a batsman, he is recognised for his finishing skills in high-pressure situations.<ref>{{cite news|last=Chopra|first=Aakash|author-link=Aakash Chopra|date=1 September 2015|title=The MS Dhoni batting manual|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/book-extract-the-insider-906543|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 February 2023|archive-date=1 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201184720/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/book-extract-the-insider-906543|url-status=live}}</ref>

As a wicket-keeper, he has been praised for his fast reflexes behind the [[Stump (cricket)|stumps]] while also being criticised for the lack of good technique.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pause, rewind, play: A look at MS Dhoni's unmatched brilliance behind the stumps|url=https://scroll.in/field/966681/pause-rewind-play-mahendra-singh-dhonis-unmatched-brilliance-behind-the-stumps|access-date=5 September 2021|publisher=Scroll|language=en-US|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919223946/https://scroll.in/field/966681/pause-rewind-play-mahendra-singh-dhonis-unmatched-brilliance-behind-the-stumps|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kirmani-stumped-by-dhoni-s-wicketkeeping-technique-269628|title=Kirmani stumped by Dhoni's wicket-keeping technique|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=24 November 2006|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919224023/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kirmani-stumped-by-dhoni-s-wicketkeeping-technique-269628|url-status=live}}</ref> He is known for his unorthodox captaincy, approachability and has earned a reputation of being a successful leader.<ref>{{cite news|title=MS Dhoni not an introvert, anyone could walk in his room to talk cricket and order food: Ashish Nehra|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/ms-dhoni-not-an-introvert-anyone-could-walk-in-his-room-to-talk-cricket-and-order-food-ashish-nehra/588728|access-date=17 October 2021|publisher=Times Now|date=8 May 2020|language=en|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919223946/https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/ms-dhoni-not-an-introvert-anyone-could-walk-in-his-room-to-talk-cricket-and-order-food-ashish-nehra/588728|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=MS Dhoni vs Virat Kohli: Team India head coach Ravi Shastri decodes captaincy styles of two Indian stalwarts|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/ms-dhoni-vs-virat-kohli-team-india-head-coach-ravi-shastri-decodes-captaincy-styles-of-two-indian-stalwarts-watch/675841|access-date=17 October 2021|publisher=Times Now|date=November 2020|language=en|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919224854/https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/ms-dhoni-vs-virat-kohli-team-india-head-coach-ravi-shastri-decodes-captaincy-styles-of-two-indian-stalwarts-watch/675841|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni is also known for his cool-headed demeanor on the field which has earned him the monicker "Captain cool".<ref>{{cite news|title=Former Sri Lanka Spinner is a Fan of MS Dhoni's Captaincy Style|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/former-sri-lanka-spinner-is-a-fan-of-ms-dhonis-captaincy-style-2772665.html|access-date=17 October 2021|publisher=News18|language=en|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919224525/https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/former-sri-lanka-spinner-is-a-fan-of-ms-dhonis-captaincy-style-2772665.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Dhoni married Sakshi Singh Rawat on 4 July 2010 in [[Dehradun]].<ref>{{cite news|agency=PTI|date=4 July 2010|title=Dhoni to wed tonight|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/Dhoni-to-wed-tonight/article16184780.ece|access-date=26 October 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922024721/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/Dhoni-to-wed-tonight/article16184780.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/news/2010/dhoni-sakshi-wedding-050710.html|title=Dhoni marries girlfriend in a hush hush manner|work=OneIndia|date=5 July 2010|access-date=20 December 2010|archive-date=15 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715042440/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/news/2010/dhoni-sakshi-wedding-050710.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni and his wife have a daughter, Ziva Dhoni who was born on 6 February 2015.<ref>{{cite news|date=8 February 2015|title='I am on national duty, so everything else can wait'|publisher=Telegraph India|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/39-i-am-on-national-duty-so-everything-else-can-wait-39/cid/1480803|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919224339/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/39-i-am-on-national-duty-so-everything-else-can-wait-39/cid/1480803|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=6 February 2015|title=Mahendra Singh Dhoni Becomes Father to a Baby Girl|publisher=[[NDTV]]|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015/mahendra-singh-dhoni-becomes-father-to-a-baby-girl-1505545|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919223946/https://sports.ndtv.com/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015/mahendra-singh-dhoni-becomes-father-to-a-baby-girl-1505545/amp/1|url-status=live}}</ref> He lives in his farmhouse outside Ranchi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/cricket/inside-ms-dhonis-rs-6-crore-worth-ranchi-farmhouse-named-kailashpati-personally-designed-by-ex-india-captain-see-pics-2647756.html|publisher=Zee news|title=Ice cream getting hot|date=11 August 2023|access-date=2 October 2023|archive-date=8 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108115154/https://zeenews.india.com/node/7|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhoni is an automotive enthusiast and owns a number of bikes and cars in his collection.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/watch-ms-dhonis-massive-bikes-and-cars-collection/articleshow/101841616.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|title=Watch: MS Dhoni's 'massive' bikes and cars collection|date=20 July 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=5 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205001208/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/watch-ms-dhonis-massive-bikes-and-cars-collection/articleshow/101841616.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career statistics ==
{{see|List of international cricket centuries by MS Dhoni}}

Dhoni has scored 4876 runs in Test matches at an average of 38 and 10773 runs at an average of above 50 in ODIs. He has scored 16 centuries and 108 fifties in his international career.<ref name="Cric"/> Dhoni has one of the highest averages in ODI cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/highest-career-batting-average-282911|title=Highest career batting average, ODIs|access-date=1 October 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=16 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016014945/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/highest-career-batting-average-282911|url-status=live}}</ref> He has scored more than 7400 runs across 390 T20 matches.<ref name="Cric"/> He has taken 634 catches and effected 195 stumpings in his international career, making him one of the most prolific wicket-keepers of all time.<ref name="WK"/>
{{table alignment}}
{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left" style="font-size: 95%"
|+Dhoni's ODI record<ref name="HAF">{{cite web|title=Statistics/Statsguru/Dhoni/Fielding|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/28081.html?class=2;template=results;type=fielding|access-date=25 October 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=19 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219052035/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/28081.html?class=2;template=results;type=fielding|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="HAB">{{cite web|title=Statistics/Statsguru/Dhoni/Batting|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/28081.html?class=2;template=results;type=batting|access-date=25 October 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=19 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219052036/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/28081.html?class=2;template=results;type=batting|url-status=live}}</ref>
! Venue
! {{abbr|Mat|Matches}}
! Runs
! Best
! {{abbr|Bat Avg.|Batting Average}}
! {{abbr|SR|Strike Rate}}
! 100s
! 50s
! 4s
! 6s
! Catches
! Stumpings
|-
!Home
||127||4,351||183[[Not out|*]]||53.71||91.60||7||25||350||116||99||48
|-
!Away
||145||4,520||101[[Not out|*]]||50.78||83.98||1||37||324||73||126||46
|-
!Neutral
||78||1,902||139[[Not out|*]]||44.23||87.60||2||11||152||40||96||29
|-
!Total!!350!!10,773!!183[[Not out|*]]!!50.57!!87.56!!10!!73!!826!!229!!321!!123
|}

===Captaincy===
In 2007, Dhoni was appointed [[Indian national cricket captains|captain of the Indian team]] and served as the captain of all formats from 2008. He captained the Indian team in 332 matches including 200 ODIs and was one of the most prolific and successful captains of all time.<ref name="CT"/><ref name="CT2"/>

{{table alignment}}
{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left" style="font-size: 95%"
|+Dhoni captaincy record<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com/news/ms-dhoni-career-highlights-and-stats-1597568498726|title=Dhoni career highlights|work=Cricket.com|date=16 August 2020 |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
!Type
!Matches
!Won
!Lost
!Drawn
!Tied
!No result
!Win%
|-
!Test
|60
|27
|18
|15
|{{ndash}}
|{{ndash}}
|45%
|-
!ODI
|200
|110
|74
|{{ndash}}
|5
|11
|55%
|-
!T20I
|72
|42
|28
|{{ndash}}
|{{ndash}}
|2
|58.33%
|-
!Total
!332
!179
!120
!15
!5
!13
!53.91%
|}

== Records and achievements ==
;Tests
* Most runs by an Indian wicket-keeper (4876)<ref>{{cite news|date=24 February 2013|title=1st Test, Day 3: India vs Australia statistical highlights|publisher=[[NDTV]]|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/india-vs-australia-2013/1st-test-day-3-india-vs-australia-statistical-highlights-1540380|quote=Dhoni is the first Indian and the seventh wicketkeeper to manage 4,000 runs or more in Tests - 4089Â (ave.40.08) in 74 Tests. Â, He has joined [[Adam Gilchrist]] (5570), [[Mark Boucher]] (5515), [[Alec Stewart]] (4540), [[Andy Flower]] (4404), [[Alan Knott]] (4389) and [[Ian Healy]] (4356).|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919224628/https://sports.ndtv.com/india-vs-australia-2013/1st-test-day-3-india-vs-australia-statistical-highlights-1540380|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most number of sixes by an Indian captain (51)<ref>{{Cite web |date= 21 October 2016|title=Stats: Most sixes by captains in Test cricket |url=https://www.crictracker.com/stats-sixes-captains-test-cricket/ |access-date=19 February 2025 |website=CricTracker |language=en}}</ref>
* Most dismissals by an Indian and fifth most by any wicket-keeper (294)<ref name="wicket-keeper">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most wicket-keeper career dismissals|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most_dismissals_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020|archive-date=14 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214115924/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most_dismissals_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|url-status=live}}</ref>

;ODIs
* Most wins by an Indian captain and second most overall (110)<ref>{{cite news|last=Shemilt|first=Stephan|date=19 March 2015|title=India beat Bangladesh to reach Cricket World Cup semi-finals|publisher=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/31948172|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=26 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626201016/https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/31948172|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Second most runs as captain (6641)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricindeed.com/most-odi-runs-as-captain/|title=Most runs as ODI captain|date=18 January 2020|publisher=Cricindeed|access-date=20 June 2020|archive-date=2 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102205446/https://www.cricindeed.com/most-odi-runs-as-captain/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Third most number of matches as captain (200)<ref name="CT">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/most-matches-as-captain-283747|title=Most matches as captain, ODI|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020|archive-date=29 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529001101/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/most-matches-as-captain-283747|url-status=live}}</ref>
* First player to pass 10,000 runs with an average of over 50<ref>{{cite news|date=15 July 2018|title=MS Dhoni crosses 10,000-run mark in ODIs, first batsman with 50+ average|publisher=Zee News|url=https://zeenews.india.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-crosses-10000-run-mark-first-batsman-with-50-average-2124614.html|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919224854/https://zeenews.india.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-crosses-10000-run-mark-first-batsman-with-50-average-2124614.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most not-outs (84)<ref>{{cite news|date=16 August 2020|title=MS Dhoni retires: 5 world records the former India captain still holds|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-retires-5-world-records-the-former-india-captain-still-holds/story-YbxnnG021spBzodUAzw5EK.html|access-date=27 October 2021|archive-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922154820/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-retires-5-world-records-the-former-india-captain-still-holds/story-YbxnnG021spBzodUAzw5EK.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Highest score by a wicket-keeper (183[[Not out|*]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Records/One-Day Internationals/Batting records/Most runs in an innings by a wicketkeeper|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284210.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2 February 2017|archive-date=4 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504062235/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284210.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Highest eighth wicket partnership for India (100[[Not out|*]] with [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/India/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_by_wicket.html?class=2;id=6;type=team|title=India/Records/ODI matches/Highest partnerships by wicket|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 July 2020|archive-date=17 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817210610/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_by_wicket.html?class=2;id=6;type=team|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most dismissals in an innings (6) and career (432) by an Indian wicket-keeper<ref>{{cite web|title=Records/India/One-Day Internationals/Most dismissals|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most_dismissals_career.html?class=2;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 March 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123182532/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most_dismissals_career.html?class=2%3Bid%3D6%3Btype%3Dteam|archive-date=23 November 2016}}</ref>
* Most stumpings by any wicket-keeper (123)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283792.html|title=Records. One-Day Internationals. Wicketkeeping records. Most dismissals in career|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=6 February 2019|archive-date=23 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623070426/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283792.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-in-sri-lanka/india-v-sri-lanka-ms-dhoni-becomes-first-wicketkeeper-to-100-odi-stumpings/articleshow/60349872.cms|title=India v Sri Lanka: MS Dhoni becomes first wicketkeeper to 100 ODI stumpings|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=3 September 2017|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111204030/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-in-sri-lanka/india-v-sri-lanka-ms-dhoni-becomes-first-wicketkeeper-to-100-odi-stumpings/articleshow/60349872.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

;T20Is
* Second most matches as captain (72)<ref name="CT2">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/most-matches-as-captain-283428|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 July 2023|title=Matches as captain, T20I|archive-date=6 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606161124/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/most-matches-as-captain-283428|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most T20I innings (76) and runs (1,153) before scoring a fifty<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cricketcountry.com/news/ms-dhoni-registers-maiden-t20i-fifty-during-india-england-3rd-t20i-572441|title=first player to score 1000 T20I runs without a career fifty|publisher=cricket country|date=February 2017|access-date=3 May 2017|archive-date=2 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302090752/https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/ms-dhoni-registers-maiden-t20i-fifty-during-india-england-3rd-t20i-572441|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/yuzvendra-chahal-achieving-and-ms-dhoni-losing-world-record-other-statistical-highlights-from-india-england-3rd-t20i-572575|title=India v England 3rd T20I highlights|publisher=cricket country|date=2 February 2017|access-date=3 May 2017|archive-date=12 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012061525/https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/yuzvendra-chahal-achieving-and-ms-dhoni-losing-world-record-other-statistical-highlights-from-india-england-3rd-t20i-572575|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most stumpings as wicket-keeper (34)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/slc-twenty20-15/content/records/283793.html|title=Records/Twenty20 Internationals/Wicketkeeping records/Most dismissals in career|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 May 2017|archive-date=25 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425062952/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/slc-twenty20-15/content/records/283793.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most catches as wicket keeper in a T20I innings (5)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/slc-twenty20-15/content/records/283353.html|title=Records/Twenty20 Internationals/Wicketkeeping records/Most catches in an innings|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 May 2017|archive-date=8 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708193558/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/slc-twenty20-15/content/records/283353.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Combined
* Most international matches as captain (332)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/slc-twenty20-15/content/records/283427.html|title=Records/Combined Test, ODI and T20I records/Individual records (captains, players, umpires)/Most matches as captain|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 May 2017|archive-date=26 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126180316/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/slc-twenty20-15/content/records/283427.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Most stumpings (195) and only wicket-keeper to make 150 stumpings<ref>{{cite web|title=MS Dhoni becomes first ever wicket-keeper to affect 150 stumpings|date=23 October 2016|url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/cricket/india-vs-new-zealand-2016/ms-dhoni-becomes-first-ever-wicket-keeper-to-affect-150-stumpings_1942761.html|publisher=Zee News|access-date=2 February 2017|archive-date=26 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626201018/https://zeenews.india.com/sports/cricket/india-vs-new-zealand-2016/ms-dhoni-becomes-first-ever-wicket-keeper-to-affect-150-stumpings_1942761.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/slc-twenty20-15/content/records/283337.html|title=Records/Combined Test, ODI and T20I records /Wicketkeeping records/Most stumpings in career|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 May 2017|archive-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428162745/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/slc-twenty20-15/content/records/283337.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Third most dismissals as a wicket-keeper (829)<ref name="WK">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/most-dismissals-in-career-283384|title=Most dismissals in career|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 May 2023|archive-date=7 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507172833/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/most-dismissals-in-career-283384|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Sixth most sixes in career (359)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/most-sixes-in-career-284025|title=Most sixes in career|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 May 2023|archive-date=7 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507172832/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/most-sixes-in-career-284025|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Honours ==
=== India ===
* [[Men's T20 World Cup|T20 World Cup]]: [[2007 ICC World T20|2007]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109/india-vs-pakistan-final-287879/full-scorecard|title=2007 ICC World T20 Final|access-date=16 June 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=30 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530080206/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109/india-vs-pakistan-final-287879/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Asia Cup]]: [[2010 Asia Cup|2010]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2010-424694/sri-lanka-vs-india-final-455237/full-scorecard|title=Final, Asia cup 2010|access-date=1 June 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=21 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521104619/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2010-424694/sri-lanka-vs-india-final-455237/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2016 Asia Cup|2016]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2015-16-966595/bangladesh-vs-india-final-966765/full-scorecard|title=Final, Asia cup 2016|access-date=1 June 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=29 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329072848/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2015-16-966595/bangladesh-vs-india-final-966765/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2018 Asia Cup|2018]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2018-1153237/bangladesh-vs-india-final-1153255/full-scorecard|title=Final, Asia cup 2018|access-date=1 June 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=5 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705072948/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2018-1153237/bangladesh-vs-india-final-1153255/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Cricket World Cup]]: [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2010-11-381449|title=2011 Cricket World Cup|access-date=16 June 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004095352/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2010-11-381449|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WC"/>
* [[ICC Champions Trophy]]: [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910|title=2013 ICC Champions Trophy|access-date=16 June 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=7 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907065225/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910/england-vs-india-final-566948/full-scorecard|title=2013 ICC Champions Trophy Final|access-date=1 June 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=28 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528104117/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910/england-vs-india-final-566948/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Chennai Super Kings ===
* [[List of Indian Premier League seasons and results|Indian Premier League]]: [[2010 Indian Premier League|2010]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League Final, 2010|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-10-418064/mumbai-indians-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-419165/full-scorecard|access-date=1 December 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=1 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201123807/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-10-418064/mumbai-indians-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-419165/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2011 Indian Premier League|2011]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League Final, 2011|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2011-466304/chennai-super-kings-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-final-501271/full-scorecard|access-date=1 December 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=1 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201135621/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2011-466304/chennai-super-kings-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-final-501271/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League Final, 2018|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2018-1131611/chennai-super-kings-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-final-1136620/full-scorecard|access-date=1 December 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=19 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219030848/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2018-1131611/chennai-super-kings-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-final-1136620/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2021 Indian Premier League|2021]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League Final, 2021|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2021-1249214/chennai-super-kings-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-final-1254117/full-scorecard|access-date=1 December 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=3 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103065819/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2021-1249214/chennai-super-kings-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-final-1254117/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2023 Indian Premier League|2023]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Premier League Final, 2023|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2023-1345038/gujarat-titans-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-1370353/full-scorecard|access-date=1 December 2023|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=29 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529193357/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2023-1345038/gujarat-titans-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-1370353/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Champions League Twenty20|Champions League]]: [[2010 Champions League Twenty20|2010]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2010-11-456281/warriors-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-465141/full-scorecard|title=Final, Johannesburg, September 26, 2010, Champions League Twenty20|access-date=16 June 2022|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=23 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523031211/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2010-11-456281/warriors-vs-chennai-super-kings-final-465141/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2014 Champions League Twenty20|2014]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2014-15-763543/chennai-super-kings-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-final-763633/full-scorecard|title=Final, 2014, Champions League Twenty20|access-date=16 June 2022|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124044245/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2014-15-763543/chennai-super-kings-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-final-763633/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Individual ===
[[File:The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind presenting the Padma Bhushan Award to Shri M.S. Dhoni, at the Civil Investiture Ceremony-II, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on April 02, 2018.jpg|thumb|Dhoni receiving the [[Padma Bhushan]] award from then [[President of India]] [[Ram Nath Kovind]] in April 2018<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-s-padma-bhushan-award-reminds-stars-of-2011-cricket-world-cup-win/story-0EHBp2bZFa5GTFczZyZa3K.html|title=MS Dhoni's Padma Bhushan Award remind stars of 2011 Cricket World Cup win|date=3 April 2018|access-date=17 October 2021|archive-date=17 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017105739/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-s-padma-bhushan-award-reminds-stars-of-2011-cricket-world-cup-win/story-0EHBp2bZFa5GTFczZyZa3K.html|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

* [[MTV Youth Icon of the Year]]: 2006<ref>{{cite news|date=23 June 2006|title=Dhoni voted MTV youth icon 2006|publisher=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/dhoni-voted-mtv-youth-icon-2006-2-535056.html|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-date=26 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626201021/https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/dhoni-voted-mtv-youth-icon-2006-2-535056.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=6 November 2011|title=Dhoni now India's most successful keeper|work=[[NDTV]]|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/photos/dhoni-now-indias-most-successful-keeper-10863#img-26|quote=For his swashbuckling style, composed demeanor and subdued flamboyance, Dhoni was chosen as MTV's Youth Icon of the year in 2006, within 2 years of his international debut.|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=5 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505023749/https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/photos/dhoni-now-indias-most-successful-keeper-10863#img-26|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[ICC Men's ODI Team of the Year]]: 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 (captain in 2009, 2011–2014)<ref>{{cite news|agency=PTI|date=5 November 2014|title=Dhoni named captain of ICC' 'ODI Team of the Year'|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/dhoni-named-captain-of-icc-odi-team-of-the-year/article6567080.ece|access-date=27 October 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027065325/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/dhoni-named-captain-of-icc-odi-team-of-the-year/article6567080.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=3 December 2013|title=Dhoni named captain of ICC ODI team|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/dhoni-named-captain-of-icc-odi-team/article5417930.ece|access-date=27 October 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027065325/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/dhoni-named-captain-of-icc-odi-team/article5417930.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[ICC Men's Test Team of the Year]]: 2009, 2010, 2013 (captain in 2009, 2010)
* [[Khel Ratna Award|Major Dhyanchand Khel Ratna award]]: 2008<ref>{{cite news|date=8 August 2008|title=Dhoni to be awarded Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna|publisher=[[NDTV]]|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/dhoni-to-be-awarded-rajiv-gandhi-khel-ratna-1604204|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919225314/https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/dhoni-to-be-awarded-rajiv-gandhi-khel-ratna-1604204|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[ICC Awards#ODI Cricketer Of The Year|ICC ODI Cricketer of the Year]]: 2008, 2009<ref>{{cite news|date=10 September 2008|title=Dhoni wins ICC ODI Player of the Year award|publisher=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/dhoni-wins-icc-odi-player-of-the-year-award-29667-2008-09-10|access-date=27 October 2021|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027065325/https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/dhoni-wins-icc-odi-player-of-the-year-award-29667-2008-09-10|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2 September 2009|title=Indian cricketers dominate 2009 ICC awards list|publisher=Indian Express|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/indian-cricketers-dominate-2009-icc-awards-list/510768/}}</ref>
* [[Padma Shri]]: 2009<ref>{{cite news|agency=PTI|date=22 December 2009|title=Dhoni receives Padma award|language=en-IN|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/Dhoni-receives-Padma-award/article16854754.ece|access-date=27 October 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922024659/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/Dhoni-receives-Padma-award/article16854754.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Honorary [[Lieutenant colonel|Lieutenant Colonel]], [[Parachute Regiment (India)|Parachute Regiment]] of the [[Territorial Army (India)|Indian Territorial Army]]: 2011<ref name="Col"/>
* [[CNN-News18 Indian of the Year]]: 2011<ref>{{cite news|date=29 November 2011|title=CNN-IBN host prestigious CNN-IBN Indian of the Year Award 2011|publisher=IndiaInfoline|url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-top-story/cnn-ibn-host-prestigious-cnn-ibn-indian-of-the-year-award-2011-113103000570_1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703181240/https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-top-story/cnn-ibn-host-prestigious-cnn-ibn-indian-of-the-year-award-2011-113103000570_1.html|archive-date=3 July 2021}}</ref>
* [[Castrol Awards for Cricketing Excellence|Castrol Indian Cricketer of the Year]]: 2011<ref>{{cite news|date=30 August 2012|title=MS Dhoni, Unmukt Chand bag top honours at Cricket Awards|publisher=NDTV|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/mahendra-singh-dhoni-is-the-indian-cricketer-of-the-year-2011-1548669|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=5 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505021836/https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/mahendra-singh-dhoni-is-the-indian-cricketer-of-the-year-2011-1548669|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=16 November 2017|title=Dhoni conferred with Castrol Cricketer of 2011|newspaper=BusinessLine|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sports/Dhoni-conferred-with-Castrol-Cricketer-of-2011/article20491132.ece|access-date=27 October 2021|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027065325/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sports/Dhoni-conferred-with-Castrol-Cricketer-of-2011/article20491132.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[2013 ICC Awards|ICC People's Choice Award]]: 2013<ref>{{cite news|date=4 December 2013|title=Mahendra Singh Dhoni wins 2013 LG People's Choice Award|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/mahendra-singh-dhoni-wins-2013-lg-peoples-choice-award/1203325/|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[Padma Bhushan]]: 2018<ref>{{cite news|last=Rao|first=Santosh|date=3 April 2018|title=MS Dhoni Receives Padma Bhushan Award From President Ram Nath Kovind, Twitter Loves It|publisher=NDTV|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-receives-padma-bhushan-award-from-president-ram-nath-kovind-twitter-loves-it-1831906|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=3 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403214611/https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-receives-padma-bhushan-award-from-president-ram-nath-kovind-twitter-loves-it-1831906|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[ICC Awards of the Decade|ICC Men's ODI team of the decade]]: 2011–2020 (captain and wicket-keeper)<ref name="ICCD">{{cite news|date=29 December 2020|title=ICC Team of the Decade: MS Dhoni named captain for both T20I and ODI, Virat Kohli Test captain|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/icc-team-of-the-decade-ms-dhoni-captain-t20i-odi-virat-kohli-test-captain-7122178/|access-date=28 December 2020|archive-date=17 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117163116/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/icc-team-of-the-decade-ms-dhoni-captain-t20i-odi-virat-kohli-test-captain-7122178/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[ICC Awards of the Decade|ICC Men's T20I team of the decade]]: 2011–2020 (captain and wicket-keeper)<ref name="ICCD"/>
*[[ICC Awards of the Decade|ICC Spirit of cricket award of the decade]]: 2011–2020<ref>{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=Saurabh|date=28 December 2020|title=MS Dhoni wins ICC Spirit of Cricket Award of the Decade|publisher=[[India Today]]|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ms-dhoni-wins-icc-spirit-of-cricket-award-of-the-decade-1753837-2020-12-28|access-date=28 December 2020|archive-date=3 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203170328/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ms-dhoni-wins-icc-spirit-of-cricket-award-of-the-decade-1753837-2020-12-28|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Ajay Pal|date=28 December 2020|title=MS Dhoni Wins ICC Spirit Of Cricket Award Of The Decade, Rohit Sharma Reacts|work=[[NDTV]]|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-wins-icc-spirit-of-cricket-award-of-the-decade-rohit-sharma-reacts-2344760|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=5 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505021836/https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-wins-icc-spirit-of-cricket-award-of-the-decade-rohit-sharma-reacts-2344760/amp/1|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[ICC Cricket Hall of Fame]]:<ref>{{cite web |title=MS Dhoni: A captain, wicketkeeper and batter beyond numbers|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/ms-dhoni-a-captain-wicketkeeper-and-batter-beyond-numbers|access-date=9 June 2025|work=[[International Cricket Council]]|date=9 June 2025}}</ref> 2025

;Others
Dhoni was awarded an honorary doctorate by [[De Montfort University]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|date=25 August 2011|title=UK University to confer Doctorate on Dhoni|publisher=[[NDTV]]|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/uk-university-to-confer-doctorate-on-dhoni-1567041|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=5 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505023747/https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/uk-university-to-confer-doctorate-on-dhoni-1567041|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=29 August 2011|title=Dhoni gets doctorate|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/dhoni-gets-doctorate/article2409712.ece|access-date=15 September 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703181240/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/dhoni-gets-doctorate/article2409712.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, Jharkhand Cricket Association named the [[JSCA International Stadium Complex|JSCA stadium]]'s south stand after Dhoni.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sadhu|first=Rahul|date=7 March 2019|title=MS Dhoni declines invitation to inaugurate the 'Dhoni Pavilion' at JSCA Stadium in Ranchi|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ms-dhoni-declines-to-inaugurate-dhoni-pavilion-5614417/|access-date=19 October 2021|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027175510/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ms-dhoni-declines-to-inaugurate-dhoni-pavilion-5614417/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, the [[Mumbai Cricket Association]] (MCA) decided to honour him by dedicating seats (J282–J286) at the [[Wankhede Stadium]] where he hit the winning shot in [[2011 Cricket World Cup final|2011 World Cup final]].<ref>{{cite news|date=5 April 2023|title=Wankhede to have memorial for MS Dhoni's World Cup-winning six|url=https://crickdom.news/wankhede-to-have-memorial-for-ms-dhonis-world-cup-winning-six/|website=Crickdom.news|access-date=10 April 2023|archive-date=10 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410003423/https://crickdom.news/wankhede-to-have-memorial-for-ms-dhonis-world-cup-winning-six/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
* A film based on Dhoni's life from his childhood to the 2011 world cup win, titled ''[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]'', with [[Sushant Singh Rajput]] in the lead role was released on 29 September 2016.<ref>{{cite news|date=19 October 2016|title=MS Dhoni: The Untold Story Plot Summary|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/MS-Dhoni-The-Untold-Story-Plot-Summary/articleshow/54934334.cms|access-date=2 December 2020|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703181300/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/MS-Dhoni-The-Untold-Story-Plot-Summary/articleshow/54934334.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''The Dhoni Touch: unravelling the enigma that is Mahendra Singh Dhoni'', a book by Bharat Sundaresan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Popular biographies & autobiographies of Indian cricketers|date=31 January 2020|first=Aarohy|last=Kapoor|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/most-searched-products/books/virat-kohli-ms-dhoni-sachin-tendulkar-more-biographies-autobiographies-of-indian-cricketers/articleshow/71565207.cms|access-date=27 January 2022|archive-date=30 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930064508/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/most-searched-products/books/virat-kohli-ms-dhoni-sachin-tendulkar-more-biographies-autobiographies-of-indian-cricketers/articleshow/71565207.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Dhoni (film)|Dhoni]] (2012), a Tamil feature film, directed and produced by [[Prakash Raj]] where the plot illustrates the conflicting interests of a father and his son with the father wanting his son to study [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] but his son wanting to become a cricketer like Dhoni.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2012/jan/17/prakash-raj-on-dhoni-330896.html|title=Prakash Raj on Dhoni|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|date=17 January 2012|access-date=18 August 2023|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226112346/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2012/jan/17/prakash-raj-on-dhoni-330896.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Sports links}}

{{s-start-collapsible|header={{S-sports}}}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Anil Kumble]]
| title=[[Indian National Test Cricket Captains|Indian Test Captain]]
| years=2008–2014
| after=[[Virat Kohli]]
}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Rahul Dravid]]
| title=[[Indian national cricket captains|Indian ODI captain]]
| years=2007–2016
| after=[[Virat Kohli]]
}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Virender Sehwag]]
| title=[[Indian national cricket captains|Indian T20I Captain]]
| years=2007–2016
| after=[[Virat Kohli]]
}}
{{s-end}}
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}}
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{{India Squad 2010 Asia Cup}}
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{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhoni, Mahendra Singh}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kumaoni people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Ranchi]]
[[Category:Indian A cricketers]]
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[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Honorary Indian Army officers]]

Dr. Talimeren Ao Trophy

2026-02-24T10:00:55Z

Piniteinfra: Created Initial Biography First Draft

{{short description|Indian football tournament}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox football tournament
| name = Dr. Talimeren Ao Trophy
| logo =
| founded = {{Start date and age|2001}}
| region = India
| number of teams = 27
| related comps =
| current champions = [[Manipur women's football team|Manipur ]] (12th title)
| most successful team = [[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]] (12 titles)
| broadcasters = SportsKPI ([[YouTube]])
| website = {{URL|https://www.the-aiff.com/competitions/junior-girls-nfc|Junior Girl's NFC}}
| current = 2025–26
}}

The '''Junior Girls' National Football Championship''', also known as '''Dr. Talimeren Ao National Football Championship for Junior Girls''' since 2025,<ref>{{Cite web|title=From Naga Hills to the heart of Indian Football; Legends of Dr. Talimeren Ao to be immortalised|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/from-naga-hills-to-the-heart-of-indian-football-legends-of-dr-talimeren-ao-to-be-immortalised|date=18 September 2024|work=AIFF}}</ref> is an Indian [[association football|football]] girls tournament held for under 19 players.<ref name="inft" >{{Cite web|title=Hero Junior Girl's NFC |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/competitions/junior-girls-nfc |access-date=8 January 2022 |website=AIFF }}</ref> The competition is held every year between the teams representing [[List of Indian state football associations|state associations]] of India under AIFF. The tournament was instituted by the AIFF in 2001 with the first edition held at Goa.<ref name="inft" />

The 2019–20 edition held at Kolhapur was won by Himachal Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/5047 |title=Hero Junior Girls National Football Championship 2019-20, Jharkhand vs Himachal Pradesh |access-date=2021-12-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/himachal-pradesh-clinch-hero-junior-girls-nfc-title-after-3-1-win-over-jharkhand |title=HIMACHAL PRADESH CLINCH HERO JUNIOR GIRLS' NFC TITLE AFTER 3-1 WIN OVER JHARKHAND |website=AIFF |last=Jain |first=Shraishth |date=1 May 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/junior-girls-national-football-championship-final-himachal-pradesh-beats-favourite-jharkhand/article27021164.ece |title=Bring the cup home - Himachal's fairytale win against Jharkhand |website=Sportstar |last=Vasudevan |first=Shyam |date=3 May 2019 }}</ref> The latest edition held in 2022 as a Junior (U-17) championship at Guwahati was won by [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu women's football team|Dadra and Nagar Haveli]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dadra & Nagar Haveli win Hero Junior (U-17) Women's National Football Championship 2022-23 |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/dadra-nagar-haveli-win-hero-junior-u-17-womens-national-football-championship-2022-23 |date=4 July 2022 |website=AIFF }}</ref>

== Championship structure ==
The NFC structure was converted into a two tiered championship format from the 2023–24 season. The state associations are eligible to participate in the championship through the two tiers of the competition played across the country.

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |Junior Girl's National Football Championship
|-
!Tier
!Division
|-
!I
|Junior Girl's NFC Tier 1
|-
!II
|Junior Girl's NFC Tier 2
|}

==Results==
The following is the list of winners and runners-up:<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the National Championships for Junior Women (under-19) |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/jwomennationals.html |access-date=8 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022180116/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/jwomennationals.html |archive-date=22 October 2020 }}</ref>

===Tier 1===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Season
! Host
!style="background:gold"|Winner
! Score
!style="background:silver"|{{nowrap|Runner-up}}
|-
| 2001–02 ||align=left|[[Goa]] || '''[[Goa women's football team|Goa]]''' || 0–0 {{pso|4–2}} || [[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]
|-
| 2002–03 ||align=left|[[Assam]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 8–0 || [[Odisha women's football team|Orissa]]
|-
| 2003–04 ||align=left|[[Uttarakhand]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 0–0, 1–0 || {{nowrap|[[West Bengal women's football team|West Bengal]]}}
|-
| 2005–06 ||align=left|[[Odisha|Orissa]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 1–1 {{pso|4–2}} || [[Odisha women's football team|Orissa]]
|-
| 2006–07 ||align=left|[[Pondicherry]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 5–0 || [[Tamil Nadu women's football team|Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| 2007–08 ||align=left|[[Tamil Nadu]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 1–0 || [[Odisha women's football team|Orissa]]
|-
| 2008–09 ||align=left|[[Haryana]] || '''[[Tamil Nadu women's football team|Tamil Nadu]]''' || 2–1 || [[Odisha women's football team|Orissa]]
|-
| 2010–11 ||align=left|[[Chandigarh]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 6–1 || [[Haryana women's football team|Haryana]]
|-
| 2011–12 ||align=left|[[Uttarakhand]] || '''[[West Bengal women's football team|West Bengal]]''' || 1–0 || [[Odisha women's football team|Orissa]]
|-
| 2013–14 ||align=left|[[Odisha]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 3–0 || [[Odisha women's football team|Odisha]]
|-
| 2015–16 ||align=left|[[Goa]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 5–0 || [[Odisha women's football team|Odisha]]
|-
| 2017–18 ||align=left|[[Odisha]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 3–2 || [[Odisha women's football team|Odisha]]
|-
| 2018–19 ||align=left|[[Goa]] || '''[[Tamil Nadu women's football team|Tamil Nadu]]''' || 4–1 || [[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]
|-
| 2019–20 ||align=left|[[Maharashtra]] || '''[[Himachal Pradesh women's football team|Himachal Pradesh]]''' || 3–1 || [[Jharkhand women's football team|Jharkhand]]
|-
| 2020–22 ||colspan=4|''Not held''
|-
| 2022–23 ||align=left|[[Guwahati]] || '''{{nowrap|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu women's football team|Dadra & Nagar Haveli]]}}''' || 1–0 || [[Bihar women's football team|Bihar]]
|-
| 2023–24 ||align=left|[[Bhubaneswar]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 1–0 || [[Tamil Nadu women's football team|Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| 2024–25 ||align=left|[[Anantapur]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 2–0 || [[Jharkhand women's football team|Jharkhand]]
|-
| 2025–26 ||align=left|[[Anantapur]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 9–0 || [[West Bengal women's football team|West Bengal]]
|}

===Tier 2===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Season
! Host
!style="background:gold"|Winner
! Score
!style="background:silver"|{{nowrap|Runner-up}}
|-
| 2023–24 ||align=left|[[Jaipur]] || '''[[Goa women's football team|Goa]]''' || 1–0 || [[Andhra Pradesh women's football team|Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
| 2024–25 ||align=left|[[Belgaum]] || '''[[Rajasthan women's football team|Rajasthan]]''' || 3–1 || [[Karnataka women's football team|Karnataka]]
|-
| 2025–26 ||align=left|[[Chümoukedima]] || '''[[Maharashtra women's football team|Maharashtra]]''' || 4–1 || [[Uttar Pradesh women's football team|Uttar Pradesh]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Football in India}}

[[Category:Football cup competitions in India]]
[[Category:Youth football in India]]
[[Category:Youth association football competitions in Asia]]
{{India-footy-competition-stub}}

Yasodasa

2026-02-18T07:38:45Z

Piniteinfra: added a data basic info

{{Short description|Minister under the Pāla king Rājyapāla in the 10th century}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Yasodasa
| birth_place = Auamitla in Brhaddhatta
| occupation = [[Minister (government)|Mantri]] of Pala King [[Rajyapala]]
| years_active = 925 - 962 CE
| father = Sahghadasa
| mother = Sarasvati
}}
'''Yasodasa''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: Yaśodāsa) served as the [[Mantri|Prime Minister]] of the [[Pala Empire|Pāla]] king [[Rajyapala|Rājyapāla]] in the 10th century. He was later elevated to the position of Tantrādhikārin, an officer in charge of administration.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Prasad |first=Birendra Nath |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Archaeology_of_Religion_in_South_Asia/TB4gEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |title=Archaeology of Religion in South Asia: Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jaina Religious Centres in Bihar and Bengal, c. AD 600–1200 |date=2021-06-17 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-41675-6 |language=en}}</ref>

== Family ==

* Origin
[[File:Bhaturia Inscription of Rajapala at Varendra Research Museum.jpg|alt=Yasodasa (Minister of the Pala emperor Rajyapala)|thumb|334x334px|Bhaturia Inscription of [[Rajyapala]]]]
According to the Bhaturiya inscription of King [[Rajyapala|Rājyapāla]], Auamitla in Brhaddhatta is mentioned as the locality of the Dasa family resided. The precise location of these places remains uncertain, though they were likely situated not far from the site of the inscription, presumably in [[North Bengal]].

* Lineage
The inscription provides an account of Malhadāsa, Suradāsa, and Sanghadāsa of the Dāsa lineage. Malhadasa, who is described with distinction and considered the earliest traceable ancestor of the family, appears to have been an important figure.
{{Blockquote|text=vinirgatāṁ suchināṁ dharma-śīlānām, daśanām asti janmabhūmiḥ।
vaṁśe'smin payasā nidhau iva śaśī, śrī-Mālhadaso bhava-khyātaḥ, tat-suto'pi saurya-yuktaḥ॥ }}

His son and grandson also gained recognition through their activities. Sanghadāsa's son, Yaśodāsa, emerged as the most renowned member of the lineage. The description of Yaśodāsa's father and grandfather indicates that the Dāsa family of the [[Mahishya]] kshtriya ( Bengali Rajput) clan was highly esteemed for its wealth and martial prowess. Through his personal qualities, Yasodasa secured appointment as the Prime Minister under King [[Rajyapala|Rājyapāla]]. He was married to the daughter of Sriya Kanda and Dürydy.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99776 |title=The Indian Historical Quarterly, Vol.31,no.1-4(mar-dec) |date=1955 |pages=217}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.06116 |title=Epigraphia Indica, Vol-33, Issue no.-1-91 |pages=151}}</ref>

== Career ==
Yasodāsa was a high-ranking official in the court of the Pāla king [[Rajyapala|Rājyapāla]] in the 10th century CE. He initially served as a minister and was later elevated to the position of Tantrādhikārin, an officer responsible for overseeing administrative affairs.
{{Quote|
"Jayinaḥ Tantrādhikāriṇaḥ kṛtalīlāḥ 
ucchinna-kalpaiḥ parijana-vikalaiḥ 
Aṅga-Kaliṅga-Vaṅgaiḥ Oḍraiḥ uddīna-jīvaiḥ apagata-kapāṭaiḥ"<ref>{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99776 |title=The Indian Historical Quarterly, Vol.31,no.1-4(mar-dec) |date=1955 |pages=227}}</ref>
}}
According to the Bhaturiya inscription, during Yasodāsa’s tenure, Rājyapāla is said to have commanded allegiance from various regional powers and groups, including the [[Mleccha|Mlecchas]], as well as the rulers of [[Anga]], [[Vanga kingdom|Vanga]], [[Suhma kingdom|Suhma]], [[Kalinga (region)|Kalinga]], Odra, [[Karnata]], Lāṭa, [[Pandya dynasty|Pāṇḍya]], and [[Gurjaradesha|Gurjara]]. The text emphasizes that while Yasodāsa held the office of Tantrādhikārin, the king’s authority was acknowledged across these regions, reflecting the political aspirations and claims of the Pāla dynasty during this period.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99776 |title=The Indian Historical Quarterly, Vol.31,no.1-4(mar-dec) |date=1955 |pages=218}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Torricelli |first=Fabrizio |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/TILOPA_A_Buddhist_Yogin_of_the_Tenth_Cen/t6z3DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Ya%C5%9Bod%C4%81sa&pg=PA48&printsec=frontcover |title=TILOPA: A Buddhist Yogin of the Tenth Century |date=2019-01-01 |publisher=Library of Tibetan Works and Archives |isbn=978-93-87023-51-2 |pages=48 |language=en}}</ref>

The inscription records that King Rājyapāla granted the village of Madhusrava in favour of the deity Vṛṣabhadhvaja ([[Shiva]]), whose image had been installed by Yaśodāsa.

"asmai Yaśodāsa-niveśitāya śrī-Rājyapālo Vrşabhadhvajāya | 
Satam purāṇān=nikaram niyamya Madhusravam grāmam=adāt kşitiśaḥ ||"<ref name="auto">{{Cite book |last=Sircar |first=D. C. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Studies_in_the_Political_and_Administrat/Nqm-Vp90E5UC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Ya%C5%9Bod%C4%81sa&pg=PA74&printsec=frontcover |title=Studies in the Political and Administrative Systems in Ancient and Medieval India |date=1996-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House |isbn=978-81-208-1250-5 |pages=74 |language=en}}</ref>

It specifies a fixed nikara of one hundred purāṇas (silver coins, also known as ''kārṣāpaṇa'' or ''dharana''), apparently to be paid annually. While the ''purāṇa'' is a well-known silver coin, the term ''nikara'' is attested in Sanskrit lexicons as meaning "a suitable gift," and in Bengali, it has come to denote "an amount legitimately payable." The usage of ''nikara'' in this context reflects a broader practice of referring to small, symbolic amounts of rent for gifted lands with terms other than ''kara'' (tax), such as ''tṛṇodaka'' or ''agrahāra-pradeya-aṁśa''. Hence, the inscription constitutes a form of ''kara-śāsana'' (tax regulation). Scholar N.K. Lahiry, however, misinterpreted this aspect by suggesting an emendation of ''nikara'' to ''niṣkara'' (rent-free), a correction that is considered unwarranted, particularly because ''niṣkara'' does not conform to the metre of the original verse.<ref name="auto"/>

== See also ==

* [[Rajyapala]]
* [[Dibyak]]
* [[Varendra rebellion|Varendra Rebellion]]
* [[Pala Empire|Pala Dynasty]]

== References ==
<references />{{DEFAULTSORT:Yasodasa}}
[[Category:Pala Empire]]
[[Category:10th-century Asian people]]
[[Category:Indian royal advisors]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

Yoniko Eva Washington

2026-02-15T10:07:26Z

Piniteinfra: added a article w/ refs

{{short description|Indian-American figure skater}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox figure skater
|name= Yoniko Washington
|image=
|caption=
|full_name= Yoniko Eva Washington
|altname=
|birth_date= {{birth date and age|1993|2|21}}
|birth_place= [[Muscat]], Oman
|hometown= [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], U.S.
|height= {{cvt|1.60|m|order=flip}}
|country= {{IND}}
|coach= Aren Nielsen Kasey Kitsell
|skating club= ISA of India
|beganskating= 2000
|retired=
}}

'''Yoniko Eva Washington''' (born February 21, 1993) is an Indian-American former competitive figure skater. Born in Oman and raised in the United States, she represented India in international competitions. She is the 2008 Indian national silver medalist, and has competed twice at the [[World Figure Skating Championships]].

== Personal life ==
Washington was born in [[Muscat]] in Oman and grew up in [[Duluth, Georgia|Duluth]] in Georgia. She trained at Atlanta and is a member of the Georgia Figure Skating Club and US Figure Skating.<ref name="skate" /> She was also coached by the Olympic champion [[Barbara Wagner]].

== Career ==
Washington won the silver medal at the 5th Indian National Figure Skating Championships held in January 2008 at [[Shimla]].<ref name="skate" /> She competed at both the [[2009 World Figure Skating Championships|2009]] and [[2010 World Figure Skating Championships|2010]], finishing fifty-third and fifty-second, respectively.<ref name=SS-TP/><ref name=RR-TP/>

== Programs ==
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
! Season
! [[Short program (figure skating)|Short program]]
! [[Free skating]]
|-
! 2010–2011 <ref name=bio1011/>
|
* Song of India by [[Tommy Dorsey]] 
| rowspan=2 |
* Eternal Melody by [[Yoshiki (musician)|Yoshiki]] 
|-
! 2009–2010 <ref name=bio0910/>
|
* Storm by [[Ananda Shankar]] 
|-
! 2008–2009 <ref name=bio0809/>
|
* Desert Rose [[John Tesh]] 
|
* Music by James Covell by [[London Symphony Orchestra]] 
|}

== Competitive highlights ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan=12 align=center | '''Results'''<ref name=isucr/>
|-
! style="background-color: #ffdead; " colspan=12 align=center | '''International'''
|-
! Event
! 07–08
! [[2008-09 figure skating season|08–09]]
! [[2009-10 figure skating season|09–10]]
! [[2010-11 figure skating season|10–11]]
|-
| align=left | [[World Figure Skating Championships|Worlds]] || || 53rd || 52nd ||
|-
! style="background-color: #ffdead; " colspan=12 align=center | '''International: Junior'''
|-
| align=left | {{small|JGP}} [[ISU Junior Grand Prix in the Czech Republic|Czech]] || || || || 30th
|-
| align=left | {{small|JGP}} [[ISU Junior Grand Prix in France|France]] || || 28th || ||
|-
| align=left | {{small|JGP}} [[ISU Junior Grand Prix in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] || || 24th || ||
|-
! style="background-color: #ffdead; " colspan=12 align=center | '''National'''
|-
| align=left | [[Indian Figure Skating Championships|Indian Champs.]] ||bgcolor=silver | 2nd || || ||
|-
| colspan=12 align=center | JGP = Junior Grand Prix, PR = Preliminary round 
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name=isucr>{{cite web | url = http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00011198.htm | title = Competition Results: Yoniko Eva WASHINGTON | publisher = International Skating Union }}</ref>

<ref name=bio0809>{{cite web | url = http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00011198.htm | title = Yoniko Eva WASHINGTON: 2008/2009 | publisher = International Skating Union | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090709080241/http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00011198.htm | archivedate = July 9, 2009 }}</ref>

<ref name=bio0910>{{cite web | url = http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00011198.htm | title = Yoniko Eva WASHINGTON: 2009/2010 | publisher = International Skating Union | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100330081327/http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00011198.htm | archivedate = March 30, 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name=bio1011>{{cite web | url = http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00011198.htm | title = Yoniko Eva WASHINGTON: 2010/2011 | publisher = International Skating Union | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110815234626/http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00011198.htm | archivedate = August 15, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="skate" >{{cite news |title=THE TRIP OF A LIFETIME! |url=http://www.gafsc.org/tinaw.htm |website=gafsc.org |publisher=Georgia Figure Skating Club |access-date=May 27, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name=SS-TP>{{cite web|url=https://skatingscores.com/ind/women/yoniko_eva_washington/|title=Yoniko Eva Washington|publisher=SkatingScores.com|access-date=27 May 2023}}</ref>

<ref name=RR-TP>{{cite web|url=https://www.rinkresults.com/skater?skater_id=2098|title=Yoniko Eva WASHINGTON|publisher=RinkResults.com|access-date=27 May 2023}}</ref>

}}

==External links==
* {{ISU figure skater|00011198|Yoniko Eva Washington}}
* [https://tracings.net/wash-yoni.html Yoniko Eva Washington] at Tracings
* [https://www.eurosport.com/figure-skating/yoniko-eva-washington_prs234070/person.shtml Yoniko Eva Washington] at Eurosport

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Washington, Yoniko Eva}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female single skaters]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Muscat, Oman]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Atlanta]]
[[Category:American female single skaters]]
[[Category:Sportspeople of Indian descent]]
[[Category:21st-century American sportswomen]]

2020 Karnataka State Film Awards

2026-02-11T02:05:49Z

Piniteinfra: Started stub.

{{Short description|Annual Indian film awards}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 55
| award = Karnataka State Film Awards
| image =
| caption =
| awarded_for = Best of Kannada Cinema in 2020
| award_org =
| presenting_org = [[Siddaramaiah]] {{small|([[Chief Minister of Karnataka]])}}
| announced_date = {{Start date|2025|3|12|df=yes}}
| presented_date = 
| date = 
| site = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India
|host =
| website =
| lifetime_achievement =
| best_picture =
| best_film = 
| best_film_jury_choice =
| best_feature =
| best_direction = [[Prithvi Konanur]]
| best_direction_film = [[Pinki Elli]]
| best_actor = [[Prajwal Devaraj]]
| best_actor_film = [[Gentleman (2020 film)|Gentleman]]
| best_actress = Akshatha Pandavapura
| best_actress_film = [[Pinki Elli]]
| most_awards = ''[[Taledanda (film)|Thaledanda]]'' (4)
|last = [[2019 Karnataka State Film Awards|54]]
|next =
[[2021 Karnataka State Film Awards|56]]
}}

The '''2020 Karnataka State Film Awards''', presented by [[Government of Karnataka]], felicitated the best of [[Cinema of Karnataka|Karnataka cinema]] released in the year 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/karnataka-state-film-awards-2020-prajwal-akshata-best-actors-pinki-elli-wins-best-film/articleshow/118933729.cms|title=Karnataka State Film Awards 2020: Prajwal, Akshata best actors; Pinki Elli? wins best film|website=TimesofIndia.com|date=13 March 2025}}</ref> The selection advisory committee was headed by film director [[B. S. Lingadevaru]] along with journalist Padma Shivamogga, actress [[Padma Vasanthi]], cinema analyst Ivan De Silva, director Umesh Nayak, production manager D. R. Sampath, cinematographer Manjunath. R and music director Gururaj.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/karnataka-state-awards-2020-sanchari-vijay-presented-posthumous-jury-award-3443270|title=Karnataka State Awards 2020: Sanchari Vijay presented posthumous Jury Award|website=DeccanHerald.com|date=12 March 2025}}</ref>

Actor [[Sanchari Vijay]] was posthumously honoured with [[Karnataka State Film Award (Special Jury Award)|Special Jury Award]] for his contribution to cinema.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/karnataka-state-film-awards-2020-announced-prajwal-devaraj-akshatha-pandavapura-named-best-actor-and-actress-pink-elli-wins-best-film-article-118898063|title=Karnataka State Film Awards 2020 Announced: Prajwal Devaraj, Akshatha Pandavapura Named Best Actor And Actress; 'Pink Elli?' Wins Best Film|website=TimesnowNews.com|date=11 March 2025}}</ref>

==Lifetime achievement award==

{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Award title
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awarded As
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awards
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|-
|'''[[Dr. Rajkumar Award]]''' || || ||[[₹]]2,00,000 and a gold medal with a certificate
|-
|'''[[Puttanna Kanagal Award]]''' || || ||[[₹]]2,00,000 and a gold medal with a certificate
|-
|'''[[Dr. Vishnuvardhan Award]]''' || || || [[₹]]2,00,000 and a gold medal with a certificate
|-
|}

== Film awards ==
{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Award title
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Producer(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Director
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for First Best Film|First Best Film]]'''
|''[[Pinki Elli]]''
|Krishne Gowda
|[[Prithvi Konanur]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Second Best Film|Second Best Film]]'''
|''Varnapatala''
|Kavitha Santhosh & Saraswathi Hosadurga
|Chethan Mundadi
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Third Best Film|Third Best Film]]'''
|''Hariva Nadige Maiyella Kalu''
|
|Babu Eshwar Prasad
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Social film|Best Film of Social Concern]]'''
|''Giliyu Panjaradollilla'' ''Ee Mannu''
| Eshwaridas Shetty, Rajeshwari Rai
| Ramadas Naidu Shivadwaj Shetty
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Children Film|Best Children Film]]'''
|''Padaka''
|Aditya R. Chiranjeevi
|Aditya R. Chiranjeevi
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Regional film|Best Regional Film]]'''
|''[[Jeetige]]'' ([[Tulu language]])
|Arun Rai Thodar
|Santhosh Mada
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Family Entertainer|Best Entertaining Film]]'''
|''[[Fourwalls]]''
| T. Vishwanath Naik
| S. S. Sajjan
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Debut Film of Newcomer Director|Best Debut Film of Newcomer Director]]'''
|''Neeli Hakki''
|Ganesh Hegde, Suman Shetty, Vinay Shetty, Yogesh
|Ganesh Hegde
|-
|}

== Other awards ==
{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Award title
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awardee
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]]'''
|''[[Pinki Elli]]''
| [[Prithvi Konanur]]
|[[₹]] 1,00,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]'''
| ''[[Gentleman (2020 film)|Gentleman]]''
| [[Prajwal Devaraj]]
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]'''
| ''[[Pinki Elli]]''
| Akshatha Pandavapura
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]'''
|''[[Taledanda (film)|Thaledanda]]''
| Ramesh Pandit
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]'''
|''Danthapurana''
| Manjulamma
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Child Actor (Male)|Best Child Actor]]'''
|''Danthapurana''
| Ahil Ansari
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Child Actor (Female)|Best Child Actress]]'''
|''Paaru''
| Hitaishi Poojar
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Direction]]'''
| ''[[Malgudi Days (2020 film)|Malgudi Days]]''
| Gagan Baderia
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]'''
|''Acharya Sri Shankara''
| [[Aniruddha Sastry]]
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]'''
|''Danthapurana'' 
| Arundhati Vasishta
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematography]]'''
|''[[Taledanda (film)|Thaledanda]]''
| Ashok Kashyap
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Editor|Best Editing]]'''
|''[[Act 1978]]''
| Nagendra K. Ujjaini
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyrics]]'''
|{{•}} ''Parjanya'' {{•}} ''Ee Mannu''
|{{•}} Gargi Karehaklu {{•}} Sachin Shetty Kumble
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]'''
|''[[Bicchugatti]]''
| Gunasekhar
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Story|Best Story Writer]]'''
|''Ranchi''
| Shashikant Gatti
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]'''
| ''Chandni Bar''
| Raghavendra Kumar
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue Writer]]'''
|''Hoovina Hara''
| Veerappa Maralvadi
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="6"|'''[[Karnataka State Jury's Special Award|Jury's Special Award]]'''
| ''[[Taledanda (film)|Thaledanda]]'' & ''[[Act 1978]]'' || [[Sanchari Vijay]] (posthumous - acting)
|rowspan="6"|[[₹]] 20,000 each
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|''Saravajra'' ||Sri Valli (costume design)
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|''[[Taledanda (film)|Thaledanda]]'' || Ramesh Babu (production)
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|''Amruth Apartments'' || V G Rajan (sound recording)
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|''Arabbie'' || Vishwas K S (acting)
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|''Kannadiga'' || Champakadhama Babu (production manager)
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Book on Kannada Cinema|Best Book on Kannada Cinema]]'''
| ||
|[[₹]] 20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Short Film|Best Short Film]]'''
|
|
|[[₹]] 20,000
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Karnataka State Film Awards}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Karnataka State Film Awards|2020]]
[[Category:2020 Indian film awards]]

Sahani Upendra Pal Singh

2026-02-05T04:46:17Z

Piniteinfra: added the biography v1.

{{Short description|Indian Nagpuri-language writer (b. 1930, d. 2021)}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Sahani Upendra Pal Singh
|honorific_prefix =
| pseudonym = Nahan
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 15 October 1930
| birth_place = Taragutu, [[Gumla district]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2021|07|29|1930|10|15}}
| death_place = Gokul Nagar, [[Gumla]]
| resting_place =
| occupation = {{plainlist|
*Farmer
*Writer}}
| language = [[Nagpuri language|Nagpuri]]
| education = Higher Secondary
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = {{plainlist|
* Mewar Keshri
* Amba Manjar
}}
| spouse = Smt. Chandrabali Devi
| awards = {{plainlist|*Jharkhand Ratna
*Praful Samman
*Seva Ratna
*BCCL Koyal Bharti Rajbhasha award }}
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| portaldisp =
| imagesize =
| relatives = {{ubl|Birendra Pal Singh (father)|Janak Nandini (mother)}}
}}
'''Sahani Upendra Pal Singh''' (15 October 1930 - 29 July 2021) was an Indian writer. He was one of the prominent writers in the [[Nagpuri language|Nagpuri]]-language in the modern period. He translated "[[Ram Charit Manas]]" in Nagpuri.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/gumla-8957699.html|title=नागपुरी रामायण का लोकार्पण|publisher=jagran|language=Hindi|date=28 February 2012|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref> He wrote around 20 books in nagpuri. He was awarded "Jharkhand Ratna", "Praful Samman", "Seva Ratna" and "BCCL Koyal Bharti Rajbhasha award".<ref name="prabhatkhabar">{{Cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/amp/story/state/jharkhand/gumla/jharkhand-ratna-awardee-nahan-passes-away-the-1st-author-to-convert-ramayana-into-nagpuri-language-smj|title=रामचरित मानस का नागपुरी में अनुवाद करने वाले झारखंड रत्न 'नहन' नहीं रहे|website=prabhatkhabar|date=29 July 2021|access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="livehindustan">{{Cite news|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/ranchi/story-tribute-paid-to-nagpuri-litterateur-nahan-4278881.amp.html|title=नागपुरी साहित्यकार नहन को दी गई श्रद्धांजलि|website=livehindustan|date=31 July 2021|access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/video-to-propagate-nagpuri-lang/articleshow/16522602.cms|title=Video to propagate Nagpuri lang|website=timesofindia|date=24 September 2012|access-date=2 April 2022}}</ref>

==Life==
===Early life===
He was born in Taragutu village in [[Gumla District]] to Birendra Pal Singh and Janak Nandini on 15 October 1930. He was from a Jamindar family. He completed his high school at Gumla High school in 1952. He was not able to pursue higher Studies due to family issues.

===Personal life===
He married Chandrabali Devi in 1950. He had two daughters and four sons.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OCC4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT88|title=Jharkhand ke Sahityakar Aur Naye Sakshatkar |isbn=9789384343989 |access-date=13 February 2022|last1=Tete |first1=Vandana |date=January 2020 }}</ref>
===Works===
Singh wrote more than 20 books in nagpuri. He translated "[[Ram Charit Manas]]" and poems by [[Kalidasa|Kali Das]] in Nagpuri.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/gumla-9611718.html|title=नागपुरी भाषा के संरक्षण की हो रही कोशिश|website=jagran|date=29 August 2012|access-date=4 April 2022}}</ref> His written book "Mewar Keshri" is taught in the Nagpuri B.A honours course. He wrote a book named "Amba Manjar" in 2006 which was about the culture of Jharkhand and India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/gumla-8949823.html|title=नागपुरी में रामचरित मानस पर टीका की रचना|website=jagran|date=27 February 2012|access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/gumla/1252473|title=युवाओं को टक्कर दे रहे हैं गुमला के बुजुर्ग|website=prabhatkhabar|date=19 February 2019|access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref>

===Death===
He died on 29 July 2021 in his residence, Gokul Nagar, [[Gumla]].<ref name="livehindustan"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/jharkhand/ranchi/gumla/news/shock-on-the-death-of-litterateur-sahni-upendra-pal-128760221.html|title=साहित्यकार सहनी उपेन्द्र पाल के निधन पर शाेक|website=bhaskar|date=29 July 2021|access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref>

==Awards==
He was awarded the Jharkhand Ratna, Hirak Samman, Praful Samman, Seva Ratna and BCCL Koyal Bharti Rajbhasha award.<ref name="prabhatkhabar"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Sahani Upendra Pal}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:People from Gumla district]]
[[Category:Nagpuri-language writers]]
[[Category:Nagpuria people]]

List of international cricket centuries at Brabourne Stadium

2026-01-31T01:54:46Z

Piniteinfra: Done

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
[[File:Brabourne.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Since Brabourne hosted its first international match in 1948, 35 Test centuries and 2 ODI centuries have been scored at the ground.<ref name="CItesths">{{cite web | url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=1;id=393;type=ground | title=Brabourne Stadium, Mumbai / Records / Test matches / High scores | access-date=6 March 2011 | publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]] | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002041410/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=1%3Bid%3D393%3Btype%3Dground | archive-date=2 October 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="testrec">{{cite web | url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=1;id=393;type=ground | title=Brabourne Stadium, Mumbai / Records / Test matches / Match results | access-date=8 March 2011 | publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]] | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220011220/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=1%3Bid%3D393%3Btype%3Dground | archive-date=20 December 2011 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>]]

[[Brabourne Stadium]] is a [[cricket ground]] in [[Mumbai]], India. It is the home of the [[Cricket Club of India]] and has played host to [[Ranji Trophy]] matches (including seventeen finals)<ref name="zee">{{cite web | url=http://cricket.zeenews.com/groundprofile.aspx?gid=16 | title=ZEECRIC » Ground Profile » India » Brabourne Stadium | access-date=7 March 2011 | publisher=[[Zee News]] }}{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and [[Indian Premier League]] matches,<ref name = "IE1">{{cite news|title=IPL matches from March 13, cops finalise security plans |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ipl-matches-from-march-13-cops-finalise-security-plans/588115/ |work=The Indian Express |date= 8 April 2008|access-date=7 March 2011}}</ref> as well as being a [[Test cricket|Test]], [[One Day International]] and [[Twenty20 International]] (T20) venue. It has a capacity of 20,000 spectators. The ground has hosted eighteen Test matches, the first in 1948 when [[Indian national cricket team|India]] played the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]]. It has also staged nine One Day International matches, the first of which was in 1989 when [[Australian national cricket team|Australia]] lost to [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] by 66 runs. One T20 International has been played at the ground when India beat Australia by 7 wickets in 2007 (first T20 International to be played in India).<ref name="cricinfo">{{cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58317.html | title=ESPNcricinfo Ground Profile | access-date=8 March 2011 | publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]]}}</ref><ref name="1stodi">{{cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65921.html | title=MRF World Series (Nehru Cup) – 7th match – Australia v Pakistan | work=Cricinfo | access-date=11 March 2011 | publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name=dna1>{{cite news|title=First day, first show|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report_first-day-first-show_1128697|access-date=19 March 2011|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=20 October 2007}}</ref> Of the nine One Day Internationals played at the stadium, five matches (including the [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy Final|final]]) were staged during the [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|ICC Champions Trophy]] in 2006.<ref name="bbc1">{{cite web | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/other_international/india/4950424.stm | title=Tough Trophy schedule for England | access-date=7 March 2011 | date=26 April 2006 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref>

The first Test [[Century (cricket)|century]] (100 or more [[Run (cricket)|runs]] in a single [[Innings#Cricket|innings]]) scored at the ground was in 1948 by the West Indian [[Allan Rae (cricketer)|Allan Rae]] in the first innings of the first Test match played at Brabourne Stadium. The first Indian to score a century at the Brabourne was [[Rusi Modi]] in the third innings of the same match.<ref name="cifirst">{{cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/62691.html | title=West Indies in India Test Series – 2nd Test 1948 Scorecard | work=Cricinfo | access-date=6 March 2011 | publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]]}}</ref> In total, 35 Test centuries have been scored at the ground in 18 Test matches.<ref name= CItesths/><ref name= testrec/> [[Virender Sehwag]]'s 293, scored against [[Sri Lanka]] in 2009, is the highest Test innings achieved at the ground. The highest Test score by an overseas player is 194 by the West Indian [[Everton Weekes]] in 1948.<ref name= CItesths/> [[Vijay Hazare]] has scored the most Test centuries at the ground with four.<ref name="CImosth">{{cite web | url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/batting/most_hundreds_career.html?class=1;id=393;type=ground | title=Brabourne Stadium, Mumbai / Records / Test matches / Most hundreds | access-date=6 March 2011 | publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]] | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002041456/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/batting/most_hundreds_career.html?class=1%3Bid%3D393%3Btype%3Dground | archive-date=2 October 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

On 29 October 2018, first century at this ground in the ODIs was scored by [[Rohit Sharma]] against West Indies. Sharma also holds the record of highest score at this ground with 162. In total, 2 ODI centuries have been scored at the ground in 9 ODI matches.<ref name="CIodi">{{cite web | url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=2;id=393;type=ground | title=Brabourne Stadium, Mumbai / Records / One-Day Internationals / Match results | access-date=6 March 2011 | publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]] | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002041553/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=2%3Bid%3D393%3Btype%3Dground | archive-date=2 October 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

No T20 International century have been scored at this ground in one T20I match.<ref name="CIT20">{{cite web | url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=3;id=393;type=ground | title=Brabourne Stadium, Mumbai / Records / T20 Internationals / Match results | access-date=6 March 2011 | publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]] | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002041645/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=3%3Bid%3D393%3Btype%3Dground | archive-date=2 October 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Ricky Ponting]] holds the record for the highest T20 International innings score at the ground, 76 against India in 2007. The highest score by an Indian in a T20 International at the Brabourne is 63 by [[Gautam Gambhir]] in the same match.<ref name="CIt20hs">{{cite web | url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/batting/highest_career_batting_average.html?class=3;id=393;type=ground | title=Brabourne Stadium, Mumbai / Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Highest averages | access-date=6 March 2011 | publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]] | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002041758/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/batting/highest_career_batting_average.html?class=3%3Bid%3D393%3Btype%3Dground | archive-date=2 October 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Key==
* '''*''' denotes that the batsman was [[not out]].
* '''Inns.''' denotes the number of the innings in the match.
* '''Balls''' denotes the number of [[Delivery (cricket)|balls]] faced in an innings.
* '''NR''' denotes that the number of balls was not recorded.
* Parentheses next to the player's score denotes his century number at Brabourne Stadium.
* The column title '''Date''' refers to the date the match started.

==Test centuries==

[[File:Virender Sehwag 2.jpg|thumb|160px|The highest score in a Test match played at Brabourne is by [[Virender Sehwag]] (293)]]
The following table summarises the Test centuries scored at Brabourne Stadium.<ref name=CItesths/>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
! No. !! Score !! Player !! Team !! Balls !! Inns. !! Opposing team !! Date !! Winning team
|-
| 1 || {{ntsh|1040}} 104 || {{sortname|Allan|Rae|Allan Rae (cricketer)}} || {{cr|WIN}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 1 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1948|December|9}} || Match drawn<ref name="match1">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/62691.html |title=India vs. West Indies, 2nd Test, December 9, 1948|work=Cricinfo |access-date=6 March 2011|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]] }}</ref>
|-
| 2 || {{ntsh|1940}} 194 || {{sortname|Everton|Weekes}} || {{cr|WIN}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 1 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1948|December|9}} || Match drawn<ref name= match1/>
|-
| 3 || {{ntsh|1120}} 112 || {{sortname|Rusi|Modi}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 3 || {{cr|WIN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1948|December|9}} || Match drawn<ref name= match1/>
|-
| 4 || {{ntsh|1340}} 134* || {{sortname|Vijay|Hazare}} (1/4) || {{cr|IND}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 3 || {{cr|WIN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1948|December|9}} || Match drawn<ref name= match1/>
|-
| 5 || {{ntsh|1220}} 122 || {{sortname|Vijay|Hazare}} (2/4) || {{cr|IND}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 4 || {{cr|WIN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1949|February|4}} || Match drawn<ref name="match2">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/62694.html |title=India vs. West Indies, 5th Test, February 4, 1949|access-date=6 March 2011|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]] }}</ref>
|-
| 6 || {{ntsh|1400}} 140 || {{sortname|Pankaj|Roy}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 1 || {{cr|ENG}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1951|December|14}} || Match drawn<ref name="match3">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/62726.html |title=India vs. England, 2nd Test, December 14, 1951|access-date=6 March 2011|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]] }}</ref>
|-
| 7 || {{ntsh|1550}} 155 || {{sortname|Vijay|Hazare}} (3/4) || {{cr|IND}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 1 || {{cr|ENG}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1951|December|14}} || Match drawn<ref name= match3/>
|-
| 8 || {{ntsh|1750}} 175 || {{sortname|Tom|Graveney}} || {{cr|ENG}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 2 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1951|December|14}} || Match drawn<ref name= match3/>
|-
| 9 || {{ntsh|1460}} 146* || {{sortname|Vijay|Hazare}} (4/4) || {{cr|IND}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 2 || {{cr|PAK}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1952|November|13}} || India<ref name="match4">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/62726.html |title=India vs. Pakistan, 3rd Test, November 13, 1952|access-date=6 March 2011|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]] }}</ref>
|-
| 10 || {{ntsh|1020}} 102 || {{sortname|Polly|Umrigar}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 2 || {{cr|PAK}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1952|November|13}} || India<ref name= match4/>
|-
| 11 || {{ntsh|2230}} 223 || {{sortname|Vinoo|Mankad}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 1 || {{cr|NZL}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1955|December|02}} || India<ref name="match5">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/62803.html |title=India vs. New Zealand, 2nd Test, December 1, 1955|work=Cricinfo |access-date=6 March 2011|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]]}}</ref>
|-
| 12 || {{ntsh|1090}} 109 || {{sortname|Gulabrai|Ramchand}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 1 || {{cr|AUS}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1956|October|26}} || Match drawn<ref name="match6">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/62818.html |title=India vs. Australia, 2nd Test, October 26, 1956|work=Cricinfo |access-date=6 March 2011|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]] }}</ref>
|-
| 13 || {{ntsh|1610}} 161 || {{sortname|Jim|Burke|Jim Burke (cricketer)}} || {{cr|AUS}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 2 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1956|October|26}} || Match drawn<ref name= match6/>
|-
| 14 || {{ntsh|1400}} 140 || {{sortname|Neil|Harvey}} (1/2) || {{cr|AUS}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 2 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1956|October|26}} || Match drawn<ref name= match6/>
|-
| 15 || {{ntsh|1421}} 142* || {{sortname|Gary|Sobers}} || {{cr|WIN}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 3 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1958|November|28}} || Match drawn<ref name="match7">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/62845.html |title=India vs. West Indies, 1st Test, November 28, 1958|work=Cricinfo |access-date=6 March 2011|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]]}}</ref>
|-
| 16 || {{ntsh|1080}} 108 || {{sortname|Nari|Contractor}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 1 || {{cr|AUS}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1960|January|01}} || Match drawn<ref name="match8">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/62870.html |title=India vs. Australia, 3rd Test, January 1, 1960|work=Cricinfo |access-date=6 March 2011|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]] }}</ref>
|-
| 17 || {{ntsh|1020}} 102 || {{sortname|Neil|Harvey}} (2/2) || {{cr|AUS}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 2 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1960|January|01}} || Match drawn<ref name= match8/>
|-
| 18 || {{ntsh|1630}} 163 || {{sortname|Norm|O'Neill}} || {{cr|AUS}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 2 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1960|January|01}} || Match drawn<ref name= match8/>
|-
| 19 || {{ntsh|1600}} 160 || {{sortname|Hanif|Mohammad}} || {{cr|PAK}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 1 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1960|December|02}} || Match drawn<ref name="match9">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/62883.html |title=India vs. Pakistan, 1st Test, December 2, 1960|work=Cricinfo |access-date=6 March 2011|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]] }}</ref>
|-
| 20 || {{ntsh|1210}} 121 || {{sortname|Saeed|Ahmed|Saeed Ahmed (cricketer, born 1937)}} || {{cr|PAK}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 1 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1960|December|02}} || Match drawn<ref name= match9/>
|-
| 21 || {{ntsh|1510}} 151 || {{sortname|Ken|Barrington}} || {{cr|ENG}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 1 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1961|November|11}} || Match drawn<ref name="match10">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/62901.html |title=India vs. England, 1st Test, November 11, 1961|work=Cricinfo |access-date=6 March 2011|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]]}}</ref>
|-
| 22 || {{ntsh|1290}} 129 || {{sortname|Graham|Dowling}} || {{cr|NZL}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 1 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1965|March|12}} || Match drawn<ref name="match13">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/62967.html |title=India vs. New Zealand, 3rd Test, March 12, 1965|work=Cricinfo |access-date=6 March 2011|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]] }}</ref>
|-
| 23 || {{ntsh|2000}} 200* || {{sortname|Dilip|Sardesai}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 3 || {{cr|NZL}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1965|March|12}} || Match drawn<ref name= match13/>
|-
| 24 || {{ntsh|1090}} 109 || {{sortname|Chandu|Borde}} (1/2) || {{cr|IND}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 3 || {{cr|NZL}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1965|March|12}} || Match drawn<ref name= match13/>
|-
| 25 || {{ntsh|1210}} 121 || {{sortname|Chandu|Borde}} (2/2) || {{cr|IND}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 1 || {{cr|WIN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1966|December|13}} || West Indies<ref name="match14">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/62996.html |title=India vs. West Indies, 1st Test, December 13, 1966|work=Cricinfo |access-date=6 March 2011|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]] }}</ref>
|-
| 26 || {{ntsh|1010}} 101 || {{sortname|Conrad|Hunte}} || {{cr|WIN}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 2 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1966|December|13}} || West Indies<ref name= match14/>
|-
| 27 || {{ntsh|1030}} 103 || {{sortname|Keith|Stackpole}} || {{cr|AUS}} || {{ntsh|0}} NR || 2 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1969|November|04}} || Australia<ref name="match16">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/63051.html |title=India vs. Australia, 1st Test, November 4, 1969|work=Cricinfo |access-date=6 March 2011|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]] }}</ref>
|-
| 28 || {{ntsh|1210}} 121 || {{sortname|Farokh|Engineer}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{ntsh|182}} 182 || 1 || {{cr|ENG}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1973|February|06}} || Match drawn<ref name="match17">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/63093.html |title=India vs. England, 5th Test, February 6, 1973|work=Cricinfo |access-date=6 March 2011|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]]}}</ref>
|-
| 29 || {{ntsh|1130}} 113 || {{sortname|Gundappa|Viswanath}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{ntsh|267}} 267 || 1 || {{cr|ENG}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1973|february|06}} || Match drawn<ref name= match17/>
|-
| 30 || {{ntsh|1130}} 113 || {{sortname|Keith|Fletcher}} || {{cr|ENG}} || {{ntsh|298}} 298 || 2 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1973|February|06}} || Match drawn<ref name= match17/>
|-
| 31 || {{ntsh|1480}} 148 || {{sortname|Tony|Greig}} || {{cr|ENG}} || {{ntsh|360}} 360 || 2 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1973|February|06}} || Match drawn<ref name= match17/>
|-
| 32 || {{ntsh|1090}} 109 || {{sortname|Tillakaratne|Dilshan}} || {{cr|SRI}} || {{ntsh|160}} 160 || 1 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|December|02}} || India<ref name="match18">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/430883.html |title=India vs. Sri Lanka, 3rd Test, December 2, 2009|work=Cricinfo |access-date=6 March 2011|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo.com]]}}</ref>
|-
| 33 || {{ntsh|2930}} 293 || {{sortname|Virender|Sehwag}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{ntsh|254}} 254 || 2 || {{cr|SRI}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|December|02}} || India<ref name= match18/>
|-
| 34 || {{ntsh|1001}} 100* || {{sortname|MS|Dhoni}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{ntsh|154}} 154 || 2 || {{cr|SRI}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|December|02}} || India<ref name= match18/>
|-
| 35 || {{ntsh|1370}} 137 || {{sortname|Kumar|Sangakkara}} || {{cr|SRI}} || {{ntsh|261}} 261 || 3 || {{cr|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|December|02}} || India<ref name= match18/>
|-
|}

==One Day International centuries==

[[File:2015 CWC I v UAE 02-28 Sharma (01) (cropped).JPG|thumb|right|Rohit Sharma has the highest score of 162 runs in ODIs at this ground.|alt=Rohit Sharma is playing a shot.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
! No. !! Score !! Player !! Team !! Balls !! Inns. !! Opposing team !! Date !! Winning team
|-
| 1
| 162
| {{sortname|Rohit|Sharma}}
| {{crw|IND}}
| 137
| rowspan="2"| 1
| rowspan="2"| {{crw|WIN}}
| rowspan="2" |{{dts|format=dmy|2018|October|29}}
| rowspan="2" |India<ref>{{cite web|title=4th ODI (D/N), West Indies tour of India at Mumbai, Oct 29 2018|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18902/game/1157757/india-vs-west-indies-4th-odi-west-indies-in-india-2018-19|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2
| 100
| {{sortname|Ambati|Rayudu}}
| {{crw|IND}}
| 81
|}

==Women's One Day International centuries==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
! No. !! Score !! Player !! Team !! Balls !! Inns. !! Opposing team !! Date !! Winning team
|-
| 1 || {{ntsh|1000}} 100 || {{sortname|Thirush|Kamini}} || {{crw|IND}} || {{ntsh|146}} 146 || 1 || {{crw|WIN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2013|January|31}} || India Women<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8584/scorecard/594891/india-women-vs-west-indies-women-1st-match,-group-a-icc-womens-world-cup-2012-13/|title=1st Match, Group A (D/N), ICC Women's World Cup at Mumbai, Jan 31 2013|access-date=25 March 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || {{ntsh|1090}} 109 || {{sortname|Charlotte|Edwards}} (1/2) || {{crw|ENG}} || {{ntsh|123}} 123 || 1 || {{crw|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2013|February|3}} || England Women<ref name="WODI850">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8584/scorecard/594897/india-women-vs-england-women-6th-match,-group-a-icc-womens-world-cup-2012-13/|title=6th Match, Group A, ICC Women's World Cup at Mumbai, Feb 3 2013|access-date=25 March 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
| 3 || {{ntsh|1071}} 107* || {{sortname|Harmanpreet|Kaur}} || {{crw|IND}} || {{ntsh|109}} 109 || 2 || {{crw|ENG}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2013|February|3}} || England Women<ref name="WODI850"/>
|-
| 4 || {{ntsh|1030}} 103 || {{sortname|Amy|Satterthwaite}} || {{crw|NZ}} || {{ntsh|126}} 126 || 2 || {{crw|ENG}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2013|February|13}} || England Women<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8584/scorecard/594912/england-women-vs-new-zealand-women-21st-match,-super-six-icc-womens-world-cup-2012-13/|title=21st Match, Super Six (D/N), ICC Women's World Cup at Mumbai, Feb 13 2013|access-date=25 March 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
| 5 || {{ntsh|1061}} 106* || {{sortname|Charlotte|Edwards}} (2/2) || {{crw|ENG}} || {{ntsh|121}} 121 || 2 || {{crw|NZ}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2013|February|15}} || England Women<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8584/scorecard/594914/england-women-vs-new-zealand-women-3rd-place-play-off-icc-womens-world-cup-2012-13/|title=3rd Place Play-off, ICC Women's World Cup at Mumbai, Feb 15 2013|access-date=25 March 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|}

==Women's Twenty20 International centuries==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
! No. !! Score !! Player !! Team !! Balls !! Inns. !! Opposing team !! Date !! Winning team
|-
| 1 || {{ntsh|1240}} 124 || {{sortname|Danielle|Wyatt}} || {{crw|ENG}} || {{ntsh|64}} 64 || 2 || {{crw|IND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2018|March|25}} || England Women<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18539/scorecard/1131237/india-women-vs-england-women-3rd-match-tri-nation-womens-t20-2017-18|title=3rd match, India Tri-Nation Women's T20 Series at Mumbai, Mar 25 2018|access-date=25 March 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/ground/58317.html ESPNcricinfo ground profile]

{{International cricket centuries by ground}}

{{featured list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brabourne Stadium}}
[[Category:Cricket grounds in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Lists of international cricket centuries by ground|Brabourne]]
[[Category:India cricket-related lists|Centuries]]

Unfinished (book)

2026-01-14T22:51:48Z

Piniteinfra: added initial article needs work

{{Short description|2021 memoir by Priyanka Chopra}}
{{for|a discussion about unfinished books|unfinished creative work}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Unfinished
| image = Unfinished (Priyanka Chopra book).jpg
| caption =
| author = [[Priyanka Chopra Jonas]]
| country = India United States
| language = English
| series =
| release_number =
| subject =
| genre = Memoir
| set_in =
| publisher = [[Penguin Random House]]
| pub_date =
| english_pub_date =
| published = 9 February 2021
| media_type =
| pages = 256
| awards =
| isbn = 978-1984819215
| isbn_note =
| oclc =
| dewey =
| congress =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| notes =
| exclude_cover =
}}

'''''Unfinished''''' is a 2021 [[memoir]] by Indian actress [[Priyanka Chopra Jonas]]. Described as a "collection of personal essays, stories and observations", the book chronicles important moments in Chopra Jonas' life and her twenty-year-long career, such as working as an actress-producer and [[UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador]] and her marriage to the American singer and actor [[Nick Jonas]].

After facing a one-month postponement, it was released by [[Penguin Random House]] on 9 February 2021 and reached [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''The New York Times'' Best Seller list]] in the United States and topped the [[Nielsen BookScan]] best seller list in India.

== Synopsis ==
It has been described as a collection of personal essays, stories and observations by Chopra Jonas.<ref name="bs" /> ''Unfinished'' chronicles important moments in Chopra Jonas' life and her twenty-year-long career, such as working as an actress-producer and a [[UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador]].<ref name="thr" />

== Background and release ==
In June 2018, it was announced that Indian actress [[Priyanka Chopra Jonas]] would publish her [[memoir]] titled ''Unfinished'' in 2019 by [[Penguin Books]] in India, [[Ballantine Books]] in the United States, and [[Michael Joseph (publisher)|Michael Joseph]] in the United Kingdom.<ref name="bs">{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/priyanka-chopra-to-come-out-with-memoir-in-2019-118061901176_1.html |title=Priyanka Chopra to come out with memoir in 2019 |author=Press Trust of India |work=Business Standard |date=19 June 2018 |accessdate=19 June 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619182502/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/priyanka-chopra-to-come-out-with-memoir-in-2019-118061901176_1.html |archive-date=19 June 2018}}</ref> In October 2020, Chopra Jonas announced that the book would go on sale on 19 January 2021.<ref name="thr">{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/priyanka-chopra-jonas-to-release-memoir-unfinished|title=Priyanka Chopra Jonas to Release Memoir, 'Unfinished'|last=Perez|first=Lexy|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=2 October 2020|access-date=5 January 2021}}</ref> Pre-orders started on 2 October 2020.<ref name="thr" /> The release, however, was postponed to 9 February 2021.<ref name="thr" />

==Reception==
''Unfinished'' received critical acclaim. Writing for [[Associated Press]], Molly Sprayregen, who termed the book as "deeply open and honest account", wrote, "Chopra Jonas' writing is open, engaging, and full of energy. She writes, it seems, to connect. The experience feels intimate, like Chopra Jonas is exchanging stories with a friend over coffee. Her stories are exceedingly personal, and despite being an international movie star, many of them even feel relatable."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/review-priyanka-chopra-jonas-reveals-private-life-details-75753999|title=Review: Priyanka Chopra Jonas reveals private life details|last=Sprayregen |first=Molly|website=ABC News|date=8 February 2021|access-date=9 February 2021}}</ref> Shaistha Khan from ''[[Arab News]]'' felt that the book was "written for a Western audience, further strengthening Chopra's foothold in Hollywood".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1812681/lifestyle |title=Priyanka Chopra Jonas's memoir 'Unfinished' is safe, predictable |last=Khan |first=Shaistha |date=20 February 2021 |access-date=23 February 2021 |work=[[Arab News]] }}</ref> Divya Kala Bhavani of ''[[The Hindu]]'' called it "an unapologetic tribute to how hard Chopra Jonas worked and continues to work in contentious Hollywood but how she thrives in it".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/unfinished-audible-audiobook-review-priyanka-chopra-jonas-laughs-tears-intrigue/article34280856.ece |title='Unfinished' by Priyanka Chopra Jonas on Audible: intrigue, tears and giggles on tap |date=9 April 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Hyderabad, India |access-date=30 April 2021 |last=Bhavani |first=Divya Kala }}</ref> In a review published in ''[[The Quint]]'', Karishma Upadhyay spoke of how Chopra Jonas' writing "sounds exactly how she talks—measured, engaging and full of humour and energy".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/priyanka-chopra-jonas-book-unfinished-memoir-review |title=Priyanka's 'Unfinished' is Measured, Engaging & Full of Humour |date=14 February 2021 |work=[[The Quint]] |last=Upadhyay |first=Karishma |access-date=30 April 2021 }}</ref>

''Unfinished'' reached ''[[The New York Times Best Seller list]]'' in the United States and topped the [[Nielsen BookScan]] best seller list in India.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/hardcover-nonfiction/|title=Hardcover Nonfiction - Best Sellers - Books|website=The New York Times|date=28 February 2021|access-date=23 February 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.unfinishedbypriyanka.com/}}

{{Priyanka Chopra}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2021 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Penguin Books books]]
[[Category:Indian memoirs]]

Vandana Srinivasan

2026-01-01T11:44:53Z

Piniteinfra: added initial article v1.

{{short description|Indian singer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Vandana Srinivasan
| image = File:Vandana MM Photo.jpg
| caption =
| image_size =
| birth_name = Vandana Srinivasan
| birth_date = 22/05/1988
| death_date = {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}}
| instrument = Vocals
| genre = [[Carnatic music]] and [[Hindustani classical music]]
| occupation = [[Playback singer]] & [[Ghazal|Ghazal artiste]]
| years_active = 2011–present
}}
'''Vandana Srinivasan''' is an Indian [[playback singer]], working mainly for the [[South Indian film industry]] especially in Tamil, Telugu, and Kannada. She is also an independent singer and a Ghazal, [[Sufism|Sufi]], devotional and semi-classical artiste in [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]], [[Bangla Language|Bangla]], [[Malayalam]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and other Indian languages. Vandana is also the co founder of [https://madrasmehfil.com/ The Madras Mehfil Collective], a musical experience consisting of Ghazals, Sufi, Devotional, Retro etc.

== Biography ==

Vandana began training in the [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] Classical music at an early age from her Guru, Mrs. Seetha Krishnan till she finished high school. She moved to Madras, India, in 2006 to major in Psychology at Women's Christian College (University of Madras). Here, she trained in the Hindustani Classical music under her Guru, Mrs. Tanushree Saha. She moved to London in 2009 to pursue a postgraduate degree in Organizational & Social Psychology from the [[London School of Economics|London School of Economics & Political Science]] (LSE). She was exposed to various musical influences in London and she particularly enjoyed exploring Bangla music. Following her return to Madras in early 2011, she established herself as an independent musician and playback singer. Vandana continues to learn [[Hindustani classical music]] under the tutelage of Sri Koushik Aithal, based in Bengaluru.
Vandana is married to Anand Pattathil,<ref name=Ex1>{{cite news | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2014/jul/08/vandana-busy-tuning-to-wedding-bells-633407.html | title=Vandana Busy Tuning to Wedding Bells | date=8 July 2014 | first=Sonali | last=Shenoy | newspaper=The New Indian Express | access-date=7 July 2020 }}</ref> a business man, and is settled in Chennai.
<ref name=toi1>{{cite news|last=Kurian|first=Shiba|title=It was an experience of a lifetime: Vandana|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-07/news-and-interviews/33651148_1_band-members-music-videos-playback-singer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202190257/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-07/news-and-interviews/33651148_1_band-members-music-videos-playback-singer|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 February 2014|access-date=19 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 September 2012}}</ref>
<ref name=IT1>{{cite news|last=Sibal|first=Prachi|title=Women in Power|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20190325-women-in-power-1477840-2019-03-14|access-date=22 March 2021|newspaper=India Today|date=14 March 2019}}</ref>

Vandana Srinivasan was a fellow at [[Lakshmi Pratury|INK Talks]] 2013 edition that was held at Kochi, Kerala.

In 2017 she gave a [[TED (conference)|TEDx]] talk on the Life of a Musician.<ref name="tedx">{{cite news |last=TED X |first=Coimbatore |title=Life of a Musician |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fPiDEUingw |access-date=22 March 2021 |newspaper=YouTube}}</ref>

Vandana Srinivasan and Anand Pattathil run a collective called [https://m.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_nS2yAbyJY3mD2IGUaBwmpS9zlRxxW98eA The Madras Mehfil Collective] aka Mehfil aur Mulaqaat which is a unique musical act founded in Chennai/ Madras under their banner Musicalorie Productions. This team specializes in the genres of Ghazal, Sufi, Devotional, Semi- Classical, Timeless Film Classics & Retro gems across all Indian languages. The band is composed of individually established musicians who command respect through their sheer expertise & talent. The Madras Mehfil Collective is not simply a concept. It is a multi-sensory experience, hosted in a custom designed ambience that enables audiences to transcend their surroundings and connect with the soul and emotion of music.

== Discography ==

'''Playback Singing'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Song
!Album
!Composer
|-
| rowspan="2" |2012
|"Polladha Kuthirai"
|''[[Madhubana Kadai]]''
|[[Ved Shankar]]
|-
|"Oru Padhi Kadhavu"
|''[[Thandavam]]''
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013
|"Unnale"
|[[Raja Rani (2013 film)|''Raja Rani'']]
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|-
|"Avatha Paiya"
|[[Paradesi (2013 film)|''Paradesi'']]
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|-
| rowspan="7" |2014
|"Sabke Vinathi (Female Version)"
|''Ennathan Pesuvatho''
|[[D. Imman]]
|-
|"Unna Ippo parkanum"
|[[Kayal (film)|''Kayal'']]
|[[D. Imman]]
|-
|"Pathu Pathu"
|''[[Manja Pai]]''
|[[N. R. Raghunanthan]]
|-
|"Mazhakaatha"
|''[[Oru Oorla Rendu Raja]]''
|[[D. Imman]]
|-
|"Penne Oh Penne"
|[[Naan Sigappu Manithan (2014 film)|''Naan Sigappu Manithan'']]
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|-
|"Kooda Mela Kooda Vachu"
|[[Rummy (2014 film)|''Rummy'']]
|[[D. Imman]]
|-
|"Thikki Thenarudhu (Senior's Version)"
|[[Vu (film)|''Vu'']]
|Abijith Ramaswami
|-
| rowspan="2" |2015
|"Erumamattu payale"
|''Kamarakattu''
|F.S.Faizal
|-
|"Undhan Mugam (Composer's Version)"
|''[[Charles Shafiq Karthiga]]''
|[[Sidhartha Mohan]]
|-
| rowspan="6" |2016
|"Thiruda Thiruda"
|''Aarambamey Attakaasam''
|Jaya K Doss
|-
|"Sakhiya Sakhiya"
|''Guppedantha Prema''
|Navneeth Sunder
|-
|"Karuvakaatu karuvaaya"
|''[[Marudhu]]''
|[[D. Imman]]
|-
|"Aasai Kadhal Aruyirae"
|''[[Wagah]]''
|[[D. Imman]]
|-
|"Adada idhuyenna"
|''[[Thodari]]''
|[[D. Imman]]
|-
|"Un Kadhal Irundhal Podhum (Reprise)"
|''[[Kavalai Vendam]]''
|[[Leon James (composer)|Leon James]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |2017
|"Idhukkuthaane"
|''Adhaagapattadhu Mahajanangaley''
|[[D. Imman]]
|-
|"Nee Illai Endraal"
|''8 Thottakkal''
|Sundaramurthy KS
|-
|"Adi Podi Sandali"
|''Pottu''
|Amrish
|-
|2018
|"Sandakkari"
|''Kadaikkutty Singam''
|[[D. Imman]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|"Talapu Talupu"
|''[[Brochevarevarura]]''
|[[Vivek Sagar]]
|-
|"Thaaja Samachara"
|''[[Natasaarvabhowma]]''
|D. Imman
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|"Alangalankuruvi"
|''[[Pulikkuthi Pandi]]''
|N. R. Ragunandhan
|-
|"Marudhaani"
|''[[Annaatthe]]''
|D.Imman
|-
| rowspan="5" |2022
|"Thaalaattu Paadum Saami"
|''[[Diary (2022 film)|Diary]]''
|[[Ron Ethan Yohann]]
|-
|"Ullam Urugudhaiya""
|''[[Etharkkum Thunindhavan]]''
|D.Imman
|-
|"Sooravali (Female Version)"
|''Regina''
|Sathish Nair
|-
|"Aathi En Mela"
|rowspan="2"|''[[Sembi]]''
|rowspan="2"|[[Nivas K. Prasanna|Nivas Prasanna]]
|-
|"Ennatha Naa"
|-
|2024
|"Moradaa Un Thali"
|''[[Dhonima]]''
|EJ Johnson
|-
|rowspan="2" |2025
|"Thoora Megangalil"
|''YOLO''
|Sagishna Xavier
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

5. ^ Narayanan, Lavanya (27th June 2017) 'Groove to ghazals and more' The Hindu
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/groove-to-ghazals-and-more/article19152578.ece

6. ^ Sonu M Kothari (4 April 2024) An experimental melange of arts. The New Indian Express
https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2024/Apr/04/an-experimental-melange-of-arts

7. ^ Srinivasa Ramanujam (7 January 2025) The 'Kutty Kutchery' experience.
https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/chennai-this-margazhi-unconventional-venues-click-with-music-fans/article69067727.ece

8. ^ Chokita Paul (29 April 2025) A beauty of handwoven textiles and Ghazals capture the spirit of Indian tradition
https://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloid/hyderabad-chronicle/celebrating-the-warp-and-weft-of-heritage-1875859

9. ^ Sanjana Ganesh (1 January 2026) Why fitness is key for musicians performing this Marghazhi. Move. Stretch. Breathe.
https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/why-fitness-is-key-for-musicians-performers-this-margazhi-season-elaborate/article70453295.ece/amp/

== External links ==

*[https://m.facebook.com/VandanaSrinivasanMusic/ Vandana's Facebook Page]
* [https://soundcloud.com/vandanasrinivasan Vandana's SoundCloud Stream]
* [https://www.youtube.com/user/MusicVandanam Vandana's YouTube Channel]
* [https://twitter.com/Vandanism Vandana's Twitter account]
* [https://www.instagram.com/Vandanand Vandana's Instagram account]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srinivasan, Vandana}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Women Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian women classical singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Chennai]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]

Rupnagar district

2025-12-02T05:28:11Z

Piniteinfra: refined lead further and improved wording

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Rupnagar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rupnagar district
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Punjab, India|District]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = 1 Sri Kesgarh Takhat Anandpur Sahib Khalsa birthplace Punjab India.jpg
|photo2a = Rupnagar, Punjab, India - panoramio (38).jpg
}}
| image_caption = Top: Kesgarh Takht Bottom: Anandpur Sahib
| image_map = Rupnagar in Punjab (India).svg
| image_map1 =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Punjab
| coordinates = {{coord|30.97|N|76.51|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of Punjab (India) on a white background (1).png}} [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| named_for = Raja Rokeshar's son, Rup Sen
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Rupnagar]]
| leader_title1 = Administrator of District
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 1440
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 684,627
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = {{cref|‡}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-PB-RU]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 82.19%
| website = {{URL|http://rupnagar.nic.in/}}
| leader_title2 = Deputy commissioner
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Hindi]]
}}
[[File:Satluj P012.JPG|thumb|250px|Cattle grazing on the banks of river [[Sutlej]]]]
[[File:Satluj S058.JPG|thumb|250px|Gurdwara Shri Tibi Sahib on the banks of river [[Sutlej]]]]

'''Rupnagar district''' is one of twenty-three districts in the state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India. The city of [[Rupnagar]] is said to have been founded by a Raja called Rokeshar, who ruled during the 11th century and named it after his son Rup Sen. It is also the site of an ancient town of the [[Indus Valley civilization]]. The major cities in Rupnagar District are [[Morinda, India|Morinda]], [[Nangal]] and [[Anandpur Sahib]]. Morinda is also known as Baghwāla "[The City] of Gardens." Morinda is located on the [[Chandigarh]]-[[Ludhiana]] Highway. The Nangal dam, part of [[Bhakra Dam]] in [[Himachal Pradesh]], lies in the border of Rupnagar district and [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur district]] of Himachal Pradesh. [[Dadhi]] is one of the most important villages of the district, particularly because of Gurudwara Sri Hargobindsar Sahib. It is bordered by [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur]], [[Una district|Una]] and [[Solan district|Solan]] districts of [[Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], [[Mohali district|Mohali]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Fatehgarh Sahib district|Fategarh Sahib]] and [[Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district|Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar]] districts of Punjab.



== Location ==
[[File:Rupnagar District Tourist Places.png|thumbnail|right|Tourist places in District Rupnagar]]
Rupnagar district, included in the [[Patiala district|Patiala]] Division of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] falls between north latitude 30°-32' and 31°-24' and east longitude 76°-18' and 76°-55'. [[Rupnagar]] (formerly known as Ropar) town, the district headquarters is 42 km from [[Chandigarh]], the state capital. The district adjoins [[Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district|Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar]] (formerly known as Nawanshahar), [[Mohali district|Mohali]] and [[Fatehgarh Sahib district|Fatehgarh Sahib]] Districts of Punjab. The district comprises 4 Tehsils, [[Rupnagar]], [[Anandpur Sahib]], [[Chamkaur Sahib]] and [[Nangal]] and includes 617 villages and 7 towns namely Rupnagar, Chamkaur Sahib, Anandpur Sahib, [[Morinda, India|Morinda]], [[Kiratpur Sahib]] and [[Nangal]], Bela. All the towns except Chamkaur sahib fall on the railway line. The [[Satluj River|Satluj river]] passes close (2 to 5 km) to the towns of Nangal, Rupnagar, Bela and Anandpur Sahib. Rupnagar falls in [[Puadh]] region except it's nurpur bedi sub-tehsil which is geographically in [[Doaba]] region of Punjab.

== Climate ==
{{Unsourced section|date=January 2025}}
The climate of Rupnagar District is characterized by its general dryness (except in the south-west [[monsoon]] season), hot summer, and bracingly cold winter. The year may be divided into four seasons. The period from about the middle of November to February is the cold season. This is followed by the summer season from March to about the end of June. The south-west monsoon season commences late in June and continues up to about the middle of September. The period from mid-September to the middle of November constitute the post-monsoon or transition season. The temperature ranges from a minimum of 4 °C in winter to 45 °C in summer. May and June are generally hottest months and December and January are the coldest months. The relative humidity is high, averaging about 70 percent during monsoon. The average annual rainfall in the district is 775.6 mm. About 78 percent of the annual rainfall is received during the period from June to September. The soils of the District vary in texture generally from loam to silty clay loam except along the [[Sutlej River]] and where some sandy patches may be found. [[Chamkaur Sahib]] and [[Kharar, Mohali|Kharar]] blocks have sodic soils. The soils of Anandpur Sahib and Rupnagar blocks are undulating.

== Politics ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No.
! Constituency
! Name of MLA
! colspan="2" | Party
!Bench
|-
!49
| [[Anandpur Sahib Assembly constituency|Anandpur Sahib]]
|[[Harjot Singh Bains]]
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Government
|-
!50
|[[Rupnagar Assembly constituency|Rupnagar]]
|[[Dinesh Chadha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Government
|-
!51
| [[Chamkaur Sahib Assembly constituency|Chamkaur Sahib]] (SC)
| [[Charanjit Singh (politician)|Dr Charanjit Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|Government
|}

==Tehsils in Rupnagar district==
* [[Anandpur Sahib]]
* [[Chamkaur Sahib]]
* [[Nangal]]
* [[Rupnagar]]
* [[Morinda, Punjab|Morinda]]

== Cities and towns ==
* [[Anandpur Sahib, Ropar|Anandpur Sahib]]
* [[Chamkaur Sahib, Ropar|Chamkaur Sahib]]
* [[Kiratpur Sahib]]
* [[Morinda, Punjab|Morinda]]
* [[Nangal, Ropar|Nangal]]
* [[Rupnagar]]
* [[Kamalpur, Rupnagar|Kamalpur]]
* [[Ghanauli]]
* [[Dadhi]]
Nurpur bedi
* Bharatgarh
* [[Kartarpur, Rupnagar|Kartarpur]]
* [[Bara, Punjab]] - A Famous Archelogical Site Village In Rupnagar District

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=220055|13=1911|14=190585|15=1921|16=189159|17=1931|18=207804|19=1941|20=236725|21=1951|22=251804|23=1961|24=319389|25=1971|26=357783|27=1981|28=439165|29=1991|30=535970|31=2001|32=628846|33=2011|34=684627|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Rupnagar district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 684,627,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web |year=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Rupnagar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1012/download/3062/DH_2011_0317_PART_A_DCHB_RUPNAGAR.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Equatorial Guinea]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Equatorial Guinea 668,225, July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[North Dakota]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30|quote=North Dakota 672,591|archive-date=27 December 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20101227010452/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 507th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|488|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name="districtcensus" /> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 8.67%.<ref name="districtcensus" /> Rupnagar has a [[sex ratio]] of 913 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name="districtcensus" /> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 83.3%. Scheduled Castes made up 26.42% of the population.<ref name="districtcensus" />

===Gender===
The table below shows the sex ratio of Ludhiana district through decades.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Sex ratio of Ludhiana district<ref>{{cite web |title=District-wise Decadal Sex ratio in Punjab |url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/district-wise-decadal-sex-ratio-punjab |website=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |date=21 January 2022 |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref>
!Census year!!Ratio
|-
|2011||915
|-
|2001||889
|-
|1991||870
|-
|1981||862
|-
|1971||854
|-
|1961||812
|-
|1951||812
|-
|1941||802
|-
|1931||789
|-
|1921||781
|-
|1911||756
|-
|1901||807
|}

The table below shows the child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in the rural and urban areas of Rupnagar district.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in Rupnagar district<ref>{{cite web |title=District-wise Rural and Urban Child Population (0-6 years) and their sex ratio in Punjab |url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/district-wise-rural-and-urban-child-population-0-6-years-and-their-sex-ratio-punjab |website=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |date=21 January 2022 |access-date=21 November 2023}}</ref>
!Year!!Urban!!Rural
|-
|2011||874 ||859
|-
|2001||799||893
|}

===Religions===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Rupnagar district (2011)<ref name="Religion2011">{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11389/download/14502/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Punjab|date = 2011 |publisher = [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism in India|Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|52.74}}
{{bar percent|[[Punjabi Hindus|Hinduism]]|darkorange|44.47}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Punjab, India|Islam]]|green|2.12}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.67}}
|float=left
}}

The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Rupnagar district.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Religion in tehsils of Rupnagar district (2011)<ref name="Religion2011" />
!Tehsil
!Sikhism (%)
!Hinduism (%)
!Islam (%)
!Others (%)
|-
|Anandpur Sahib
| align="right" |41.41
| align="right" style="background:darkorange" |56.61
| align="right" |1.43
|0.55
|-
|Nangal
| align="right" |18.39
| align="right" style="background:darkorange" |79.66
| align="right" |1.52
|0.43
|-
|Rupnagar
| align="right" style="background:darkkhaki" |61.70
| align="right" |34.14
| align="right" |3.14
|1.02
|-
|Chamkaur Sahib
| align="right" style="background:darkkhaki" |82.19
| align="right" |14.89
| align="right" |2.27
|0.65
|}

{|class="wikitable sort"
|+Absolute numbers of different religious groups in Rupnagar district<ref>{{cite web | url=https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/district-wise-population-religion-punjab | title=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India | date=21 January 2022 }}</ref>
!Religion!!Urban (2011)!!Rural (2011)!!Urban (2001)!!Rural (2001)!! Urban (1991)!!Rural (1991)
|-
|Hindu|| 1,04,449 ||2,00,032 ||1,87,670||2,64,749||94,225||2,05,743
|-
|Sikh||67,713 ||2,93,332 ||1,65,202||4,70,449||57,013||3,48,477
|-
|Muslim||3,357||11,135 ||5,641||16,959||734||6,923
|-
|Christian||1,260 ||834||2,388||1,046||777||504
|-
|Other religions||1,028 ||1,487 ||1,506||498 ||2,089||377
|}

===Languages===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption=Languages of Rupnagar district (2011)<ref name="languages">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Punjab |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10219/download/13331/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0300.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|value1 = 92.63
|color1 = pink
|label2 = [[Hindi]]
|value2 = 6.55
|color2 = Orange
|label3 = Others
|value3 = 0.82
|color3 = grey
}}

==Health==
The table below shows the data from the district nutrition profile of children below the age of 5 years, in Rupnagar, as of year 2020.

{| class = "wikitable sortable"
|+ District nutrition profile of children under 5 years of age in Rupnagar, year 2020
<ref name="niti.gov.in">{{Cite web| title=District nutrition profile Pupnagar {{!}} Punjab | date=March 2022 | url=https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-07/Rupnagar-Punjab.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607205748/https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-07/Rupnagar-Punjab.pdf | archive-date=2023-06-07}}</ref>
!Indicators!!Number of children (<5 years)!! Percent (2020)!! Percent (2016)
|-
|Stunted||7,659||15%||19%
|-
|Wasted||4,611||9%||14%
|-
|Severely wasted||1,634||3%||4%
|-
|Underweight||7,776||15%||20%
|-
|Overweight/obesity||1,283||3%||0%
|-
|Anemia||29,949||66%||70%
|-
|Total children||50,893||||
|}

The table below shows the district nutrition profile of Rupnagar of women between the ages of 15 and 49 years, as of year 2020.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+District nutritional profile of Rupnagar of women of 15–49 years, in 2020<ref name="niti.gov.in"/>
!Indicators!!Number of women (15–49 years)!! Percent (2020)!!Percent (2016)
|-
|Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m^2)||29,743||13%||13%
|-
|Overweight/obesity||100,391||45%||44%
|-
|Hypertension||60,217||27%||16%
|-
|Diabetes||43,098||19%||NA
|-
|Anemia (non-preg)||142,625||64%||75%
|-
|Total women (preg)||10,899||||
|-
|Total women||221,468||||
|}

The table below shows the current use of family planning methods by currently married women between the ages of 15 and 49 years, in Rupnagar district.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Family planning methods used by women between the ages of 15 and 49 years, in Rupnagar district<ref>"National Family Health Survey - 5
2019 -21, District Fact Sheet, Rupnagar, Punjab", http://rchiips.org/nfhs/NFHS-5_FCTS/PB/Rupnagar.pdf</ref>
!Method!!Total (2019–21)!! Total (2015–16)
|-
|Female sterilization||25.6%||30.3%
|-
|Male sterilization||0.3%||0.8%
|-
|IUD/PPIUD||1.8%||3.3%
|-
|Pill||1.3%||2.6%
|-
|Condom||20.5%||24.3%
|-
|Injectables||0.0%||0.1%
|-
|Any modern method||49.8%||61.5%
|-
|Any method||71.8%||75.0%
|-
|Total unmet need||10.8%||10.7%
|-
|Unmet need for spacing||3.5%||2.6%
|}

The table below shows the number of road accidents and people affected in Rupnagar district by year.

{| class = "wikitable sortable"
|+Road accidents and people affected in Rupnagar district by year<ref>{{cite web | url =https://punjab.data.gov.in/catalog/road-accidents-punjab | title = Road Accidents in Punjab | website = punjab.data.gov.in | access-date = October 1, 2024 }}</ref>
!Year!!Accidents!!Killed!!Injured!!Vehicles Involved
|-
|2022||309||238||172||238
|-
|2021||263||193||158||268
|-
|2020||182||127||118||249
|-
|2019||251||181||170||291
|}

==Notable people==
* [[Kanshi Ram]], founder of [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-03 |title=Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bahujan-Samaj-Party |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Surjit Bindrakhia]], a famous punjabi singer
*[[Augustine George Masih]], Former [[Rajasthan High Court#List of chief justices|Chief Justice Of Rajasthan High Court]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Rupar|volume=23|page=855}}
* [https://rupnagar.nic.in/ Govt. Website on Rupnagar]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091001043716/http://www.punjab.bsnl.co.in/search_rp.php Rupnagar BSNL telephone directory search]
* [http://asi.nic.in/asi_museums_ropar.asp Archaeological Museum in Rupnagar (Archaeological Survey of India)]

{{Geographic location
| Centre = Rupnagar district
| North = [[Una district]], Himachal Pradesh
| Northeast = [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur district]], Himachal Pradesh
| East = [[Solan district]], Himachal Pradesh
| Southeast = [[Mohali district]]
| South =
| Southwest = [[Fatehgarh Sahib district]]
| West = [[Ludhiana district]]
| Northwest = [[Hoshiarpur district]] [[Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district]]
}}

{{Rupnagar district}}
{{Punjab (India)}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rupnagar District}}
[[Category:Rupnagar district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Punjab, India]]

Sunil Kumar Pintu

2025-11-19T20:53:58Z

Piniteinfra: fixed issues

{{short description|Indian politician and member of the 17th Lok Sabha}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = File:Sunil Kumar Pintu.jpg
| name = Sunil Kumar Pintu
| office = [[Member of Parliament]] [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sitamarhi]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1961|8|22| df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Sitamarhi]], [[Bihar]]
| term_start = 2019
| term_end = 2024
| predecessor = [[Ram Kumar Sharma]]
| successor = [[Devesh Chandra Thakur]]
| office1 = [[Cabinet Minister]] [[Government of Bihar]]
| term_start1 = 26 November 2010
| term_end1 = 16 June 2013
| 1blankname1 = {{centre|Ministry}}
| 1namedata1 = {{centre|'''Term'''}}
| 2blankname1 = Minister of Tourism
| 2namedata1 = 26 November 2010 - 16 June 2013
| office2 = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 2003
| term_end2 = 2015
| constituency2 = [[Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sitamarhi]]
| predecessor2 = [[Shahid Ali Khan (politician)|Shahid Ali Khan]]
| successor2 = [[Sunil Kushwaha|Sunil Kumar Kushwaha]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| otherparty =
| spouse = Manju Devi
| father =
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = |
| year = |
| source = https://sansad.in/ls/members/biography/5220?from=amembers
}}
'''Sunil Kumar Pintu''' is an Indian politician.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sunil Kumar Alias Pintu(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SITAMARHI(SITAMARHI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:|url=https://myneta.info/bihar2015/candidate.php?candidate_id=2562|access-date=2021-09-22|website=myneta.info}}</ref> He was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]], lower house of the [[Parliament of India]] from [[Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sitamarhi]], [[Bihar]] in the [[2019 Indian general election]] as member of the [[Janata Dal (United)]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/article/sitamarhi-bihar-election-2019-sitamarhi-election-results-candidates-voter-population-polling-percentage/402581| title=Sitamarhi (Bihar) Election 2019| publisher=Times Now | date= | accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/jd-u-fields-sunil-kumar-pintu-from-sitamarhi-119040300949_1.html | title=JD-U fields Sunil Kumar Pintu from Sitamarhi | publisher=Business Standard | date=3 April 2019 | accessdate=16 November 2021}}</ref> Pintu is also the president of the Shri Bhagwati Sita Tirtha Kshetra Samiti.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/worlds-tallest-statue-of-mata-sita-will-be-installed-in-sitamarhi-district-jdu-mp-sunil-pintu/articleshow/98188097.cms|title=World's tallest statue of Mata Sita will be installed in Sitamarhi district: JD(U) MP Sunil Pintu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/only-bjp-can-take-care-of-teli-sahu-groups-interest/articleshow/65283494.cms|title='Only BJP can take care of Teli, Sahu groups interest'}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-23 |title=World's tallest statue of Mata Sita will be installed in Sitamarhi district: JD (U) MP Sunil Pintu |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/worlds-tallest-statue-of-mata-sita-will-be-installed-in-sitamarhi-district-jdu-mp-sunil-pintu/articleshow/98188097.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-13 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Before 2019, he was a member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]; he had been a Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Sitamarhi Assembly constituency]] for four terms since 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/patna/1268351-|title=
लोकसभा चुनाव : JDU में शामिल हुए BJP विधायक सुनील कुमार पिंटू, सीतामढ़ी से |website=prabhat khabar|accessdate=5 March 2023}}</ref>

== Controversy ==
In 2025, two MMS videos of Sunil Kumar Pintu surfaced online and were widely circulated. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-15 |title=BJP's Sunil Kumar Pintu, whose ‘obscene’ videos had surfaced online, wins Sitamarhi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjps-sunil-kumar-pintu-whose-obscene-videos-had-surfaced-online-wins-sitamarhi-101763188059352.html |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=द्विवेदी |first=सागर |date=2025-11-08 |title=बंद कमरे से महिला के साथ...Social में सुनील कुमार पिंटू के कथित MMS कांड पर मचा बवाल! यूजर्स बोले-जय हो धाकड़ महाराज {{!}} Sitamarhi BJP Candidate Sunil Kumar Pintu Alleged MMS Sparks Uproar on Social Media, Users Say Jai Ho Dhakad Maharaj |url=https://www.statemirror.com/state/bihar/sitamarhi-bjp-candidate-sunil-kumar-pintu-alleged-mms-sparks-uproar-on-social-media-users-say-jai-ho-dhakad-maharaj-154316 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=www.statemirror.com |language=hi}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://sansad.in/ls/members/biography/5220?from=amembers Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pintu, Sunil Kumar}}
[[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Bihar]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]

{{Bihar-JDU-politician-stub}}

2025 India–Pakistan floods

2025-11-17T16:55:14Z

Piniteinfra: Started new post.

{{Short description|Flood in Indian sub-continent}}
{{Merging from|2025 Punjab, India floods|2025 Punjab, Pakistan floods|discuss=Talk:2025 Punjab, Pakistan floods#Merge proposal|date=September 2025}}
In August and September 2025, widespread flooding affected parts of eastern Pakistan and northern India. The floods were caused by particularly heavy monsoon rains in mountainous areas of the Indian state of [[Himachal Pradesh]], and the Indian-administered union territory of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. The resulting flash floods forced Indian authorities to open dams on several rivers flowing into both Indian and [[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani Punjab]], leading to widespread flooding in downstream areas. Over 1400 villages in Pakistan's Punjab province have been flooded, while 1400 villages in the Indian state of Punjab were also affected,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Khan |first=Aina J. |date=2025-08-30 |title='The water left nothing': Pakistan's Punjab province reels from deadly floods |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2025/aug/30/pakistan-punjab-province-deadly-floods-disease |access-date=2025-09-06 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-09-03 |title=Punjab: Floods ravage Indian state killing 30 and submerging 1,400 villages |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg4g95y7pjo |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> displacing over 1.2 million people in Pakistan and 300,000 in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-28 |title=Punjab floods kill 17 as Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej rivers remain dangerously high |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2563685/punjab-floods-devastate-over-1400-villages-displace-12m-people |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

== Regions affected ==
Heavy rains had been falling in Indian-administered Kashmir throughout August, with a [[2025 Kishtwar district flash flood|massive cloudburst in Kishtwar]] on 14 August, killing 68 people. In late August, more rivers in Jammu and Kashmir began to rise. Two days later, a cloudburst hit [[Kathua]], leaving 7 dead and several injured.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jammu-and-kashmir/heavy-overnight-rains-cloudburst-cut-off-remote-village-in-jks-kathua-death/article69943070.ece|title=Kathua cloudbursts, landslip: At least seven dead, five injured|work=The Hindu|date=17 August 2025|access-date=17 November 2025}}</ref> On 25 August, the Indian government notified Pakistan of water releases along dams on the [[Tawi River|Tawi river]], which flows through [[Jammu]] into [[Sialkot District|Sialkot district]] of Punjab, Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-25 |title=First contact since May: India sounds flood alarm for Pakistan on Tawi River - BusinessToday |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/first-contact-since-may-india-sounds-flood-alarm-for-pakistan-on-tawi-river-490918-2025-08-25 |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

Pakistan then evacuated at least 125,000 people from northeastern regions of the province.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan evacuates thousands as India releases water from swollen rivers |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/26/pakistan-evacuates-thousands-as-india-releases-water-from-swollen-rivers |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> In Kasur, 75,000 people were evacuated while in Bahawalnagar along the Sutlej, 35,000 people were evacuated. [[Jammu|Jammu city]] was then affected by flooding, which displaced at least 3500 people.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-27 |title=Jammu floods: Train services hit as city witnesses heaviest rainfall in decades, over 3,500 evacuated |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/jammu-floods-train-services-hit-as-city-witnesses-heaviest-rainfall-in-decades-over-3500-evacuated/3958585/ |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref> The [[Sutlej]] and [[Beas]] rose rapidly by August 27, causing Indian Punjab and [[Jammu Division]] to declare schools closed. 13 districts were initially affected, all the border districts as well as districts along the Beas and Sutlej.<ref>{{Cite web |author=India Today Education Desk|date=2025-08-26 |title=Punjab and Jammu schools closed due to heavy rains, floods and weather warnings |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/punjab-and-jammu-schools-closed-due-to-heavy-rains-floods-and-weather-warnings-2777177-2025-08-26 |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Special Health Campaign ==
The Punjab state government (India) launched a clean-up and fogging drive in flood-hit livestock shelters to protect around 253,000 animals across 713 villages from water-borne and vector-borne diseases. Measures included the distribution of disinfectants such as potassium permanganate, mass vaccination campaigns against hemorrhagic septicaemia, and emergency veterinary care.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Punjab launches clean-up, fogging drive in flood-hit livestock shelters
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/punjab-launches-clean-up-fogging-drive-in-flood-hit-livestock-shelters/articleshow/123886798.cms
|website=The Times of India
|date=15 September 2025
|access-date=15 September 2025
}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Flood-stub}}
[[Category:2025 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2025 disasters in Pakistan]]
[[Category:2025 floods in Asia]]
[[Category:2025 in India]]
[[Category:2025 in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Natural disasters in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Natural disasters in India]]
[[Category:2025 natural disasters]]

Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Film

2025-11-02T05:41:21Z

Piniteinfra: New - done

{{Short description|Indian film award}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film award
| name = Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Film
| image =
| alt =
| caption = ''[[Bhonga]]'' is the recent winner in 2018
| awarded_for = Best film in Marathi cinema
| sponsor =
| firstawarded = 1962
| lastawarded = 2024
| reward = {{INR Convert|400000}}
| former name =
| holder_label = Most recent winner
| holder = ''Bhera''
| award1_type = Total awarded
| award1_winner =
| award2_type = First winner
| award2_winner = ''[[Prapanch]]'' (1962)
| award3_type = Last winner
| award3_winner =
| website =
| previous =
| next =
}}
The '''Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Film''' is an award presented annually at the [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]] of India to the best film in [[Marathi cinema]]. The awards are managed directly by the [[Government of Maharashtra|Maharashtra Government]] under the [[Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Maharashtra)|Department of Cultural Affairs]] of the [[Government of Maharashtra]].

The inaugural award was named as "Dadasaheb Phalke Award for Best Feature Film" and was awarded to ''Prapanch'', directed by Madhukar Pathak. [[Rajdutt]] is the most honoured director where eight of his films— ''Gharchi Rani'' (1968), ''Apradh'' (1969), ''Devaki Nandan Gopala'' (1978), ''[[Shapit (1982 film)|Shapit]]'' (1982), ''Raghu Maina'' (1983), ''Hech Maze Maher'' (1984), ''Ardhangi'' (1985) and ''Pudhcha Paaul'' (1986) won the award, followed [[Raja Thakur]] and [[Sumitra Bhave–Sunil Sukthankar]] (four each), [[Jabbar Patel]] and [[Sanjay Surkar]] (three each), Madhukar Pathak (two).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deshpande |first=Rekha |title=Marathi Chitrapatsrushticha Samgra Itihas |publisher=[[Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Maharashtra)]] |year=2014 |location=Mumbai |language=Marathi}}</ref>

==Winners==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:"
|- bgcolor="#bebebe"
! width="2%" | Year
! width="12%" | Film
! width="18%" | Director
! width="2%" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|1962
|''[[Prapanch]]''
|Madhukar Pathak
|
|-
|1963
|''Ranglya Ratri Asha''
|[[Raja Thakur]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1964
|''Chhota Jawan''
|[[Ram Gabale]]
|
|-
|''[[Pathlaag]]''
|[[Raja Paranjape]]
|
|-
|1965
|''Vavtal''
|[[Shantaram Athavale]]
|
|-
|1966
|''[[Sadhi Mansa (film)|Sadhi Mansa]]''
|[[Bhalji Pendharkar]]
|
|-
|1967
|''Santh Vahate Krushnamai''
|Madhukar Pathak
|
|-
|1968
|''Gharchi Rani''
| rowspan="2" |[[Rajdutt]]
|
|-
|1969
|''Apradh''
|
|-
|1970
|''[[Mumbaicha Jawai]]''
| rowspan="3" |[[Raja Thakur]]
|
|-
|1971
|''Gharkul''
|
|-
|1972
|''Jawai Vikat Ghene Aahe''
|
|-
|1973
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No award
|
|-
|1974
|''Sugandhi Katta''
|Vasant Painter
|
|-
|1975
|''[[Pandu Havaldar]]''
|[[Dada Kondke]]
|
|-
|1976
|''Choricha Mamla''
|Babasaheb Fattelal
|
|-
|1977
|''Farari''
|V. Ravindra
|
|-
| 1978
| ''Devaki Nandan Gopala''
| [[Rajdutt]]
|
|-
|1979
|''Janaki''
|[[Vasant Joglekar]]
|
|-
|1980
|''[[22 June 1897]]''
|Nachiket Patwardhan
|
|-
|1981
|''[[Umbartha]]''
|[[Jabbar Patel]]
|
|-
| 1982
| ''[[Shapit (1982 film)|Shapit]]''
| [[Rajdutt]] & [[Arvind Deshpande]]
|
|-
|1983
|''Raghu-Maina''
| rowspan="4" |[[Rajdutt]]
|
|-
|1984
|''Hech Mazhe Maher''
|
|-
|1985
|''Ardhangi''
|
|-
|1986
|''Pudhcha Paaul''
|
|-
|1987
|''Prem Karuya Khullam Khulla''
|Girish Ghanekar
|
|-
|1988
|''[[Ashi Hi Banwa Banwi]]''
|[[Sachin Pilgaonkar|Sachin]]
|
|-
|1989
|''[[Kalat Nakalat]]''
|Kanchan Nayak
|
|-
|1990
|''Aaghat''
|Ramakant Kavthekar
|
|-
|1991
|''[[Chaukat Raja]]''
|[[Sanjay Surkar]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=technology |first=WorthITT-Talent meets |date=2019-06-17 |title=Chaukat Raja: Accepting Children with Developmental Delay |url=https://medium.com/@worthittsocial/chaukat-raja-accepting-children-with-developmental-delay-fb2d728b0d95 |access-date= |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|1992
|''[[Ek Hota Vidushak]]''
|[[Jabbar Patel]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cinemas of India, Videos, Festival Participation & Awards, National Award, Regional Cinema, Independent Cinema, Art House Cinema, Suraj Ka Satvan Ghoda |url=https://www.nfdcindia.com/cinemasofindia/home-video-05.htm |access-date= |website=www.nfdcindia.com}}</ref>
|-
|1993
|''Vazir''
|[[Sanjay Rawal]]
|
|-
|1994
|''[[Mukta (film)|Mukta]]''
|[[Jabbar Patel]]
|
|-
|1995
|''[[Doghi]]''
|[[Sumitra Bhave–Sunil Sukthankar]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=1996-12-21 |title=THE HINDU ONLINE : The cream of Indian cinema |url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/960113/03/1226a.html |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961221151607/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/960113/03/1226a.html |archive-date=21 December 1996 }}</ref>
|-
|1996
|''Raosaheb''
|[[Sanjay Surkar]]
|
|-
|1997
|''[[Paij Lagnachi]]''
|J.K Patil
|
|-
|1998
|''[[Tu Tithe Mee]]''
|[[Sanjay Surkar]]
|
|-
|1999
|''Gabhara''
|Rajeev Khandagale
|
|-
|2000
|''[[Dhyaas Parva]]''
|[[Amol Palekar]]
|
|-
|2001
|''[[Devki]]''
|Millind Ukey
|
|-
|2002
|''[[Dahavi Fa]]''
|[[Sumitra Bhave–Sunil Sukthankar]]
|
|-
|2003
|''[[Shwaas]]''
|[[Sandeep Sawant]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=rediff Entertainment |title=Shwaas: India's entry for Oscars |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/sep/24shwas.htm |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2004
|''[[Uttarayan (film)|Uttarayan]]''
|Bipin Nadkarni
|
|-
|2005
|''[[Dombivli Fast]]''
|[[Nishikant Kamat]]
|
|-
|2006
|''Nital''
|[[Sumitra Bhave–Sunil Sukthankar]]
|
|-
|2007
|''[[Tingya]]''
|[[Mangesh Hadawale]]
|
|-
|2008
|''[[Harishchandrachi Factory]]''
|[[Paresh Mokashi]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-21 |title='Harishchandrachi Factory' India's entry for Oscars - Times Of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Harishchandrachi-Factory-Indias-entry-for-Oscars/articleshow/5033889.cms |access-date= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321053045/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-20/india/28076656_1_marathi-film-paresh-mokashi-foreign-film-category |archive-date=21 March 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|2009
|''[[Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy]]''
|Santosh Manjrekar
|
|-
|2010
|''[[Mee Sindhutai Sapkal]]''
| [[Anant Mahadevan]]
|
|-
|2011
|''[[Shala (film)|Shala]]''
| [[Sujay Dahake]]
|
|-
|2012
|''[[Kaksparsh]]''
| [[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-07 |title=Kaksparshthefilm {{!}} Awards |url=http://www.kaksparshthefilm.com/awards.php |access-date= |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407093640/http://www.kaksparshthefilm.com/awards.php |archive-date=7 April 2014 }}</ref>
|-
|2013
|''[[Avatarachi Goshta]]''
| Nitin Dixit
|
|-
|2014
|''[[Ek Hazarachi Note]]''
| [[Shrihari Sathe]]
|
|-
|2015
|''[[Ringan (film)|Ringan]]''
| [[Makarand Mane]]
|
|-
|2016
|''[[Kaasav]]''
| [[Sumitra Bhave–Sunil Sukthankar]]
|
|-
|2017
|''[[Redu (film)|Redu]]''
|Sagar Vanjari
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Bhonga]]''
| [[Shivaji Lotan Patil]]
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Y (2022 film)|Y]]''
|Ajit Wadikar
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-23 |title=57 व्या राज्य मराठी चित्रपट पुरस्काराचे वितरण, 'वाय' ठरला सर्वोत्कृष्ट चित्रपट |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/57th-state-marathi-film-awards-y-adjudged-the-best-film-maharashtra-entertainment-news-1258896 |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Me Vasantrao]]''
|[[Rahul Deshpande]]
|
|-
|2021
|''Karkhanisanchi Waari''
|Mangesh Joshi
|
|-
|2022
|''[[Dharmaveer]]''
|[[Pravin Tarde]]
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=जगताप |first=नामदेव |title=राज्य चित्रपट पुरस्कार सोहळा; हिंदी, मराठी सिनेसृष्टीतील कलाकारांचा सन्मान; पाहा संपूर्ण यादी |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/maharashtra-state-film-awards-diamond-jubilee-held-in-mumbai-see-all-winners-list-kajol-bhimrao-panchale-anupam-kher-mukta-barve-bollywood-news-1375148 |access-date=2025-08-06 |website=ABP Majha |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Bhera (film)|Bhera]]''
|Shrikant Prabhakar
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb event|0015478|Maharashtra State Film Awards}}

[[Category:Maharashtra State Film Awards|Film]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1962]]

Sudhirkumar Saxena

2025-10-13T19:36:07Z

Piniteinfra: added first biography needs work.

{{Short description|Musician}}
''' Professor Sudhirkumar Saxena''' (1923 – 2007 in India) was a [[tabla]] artist Guru and professor.

He learnt the tabla performing art for years from Ustad [[Habeebuddin Khan]], the doyen of the [[Ajrada gharana]]. Pandit Saxena was the first drummer in India to have worked as professor of tabla at a centre of higher learning. He retired from Maharaja Sayajirao University, Baroda, in 1983 as head of its music department, after serving the institution for thirty-three years. In his younger days (1945-1995), he participated in most of the major music conferences of the country as a tabla accompanist to many front-ranking musicians and dancers.

Spending his formative years in Meerut, he also graduated in Political Science. He in his era, played with most of the stalwarts of Indian Classical Music at that time. The speed of his hands on the "Baaya" i.e. the bigger of the two drums in tabla - which is the bass drum; was incredible. When he went to Russia, people were so amazed by the sound it produced that they suspected a pigeon being hidden inside somewhere to produce that sound!

He was an extremely humble person and one of the best Gurus one could ever meet. He never declined to teach anyone who came to him for help. Right from teaching seasoned musicians, he taught even naive beginners - sometimes free of cost.

His book The [[Art of Tabla Rhythm - Essentials, Tradition & Creativity]] is one of the best books written on [[Tabla]]. As he used to say, one can never learn Tabla from a book and one always requires a Guru to learn, but this book serves the purpose of reaching out to the world with the lovely traditions of the [[Indian Classical Music]].
He was pioneer of classical tabla playing in Gujarat. So many disciples like Late Pandit Madhukar Gaurav, Pandit Pushkar raj Shridhar, Pandit Ravindra Nikte, Pandit Kaluram Bhanvariya, and many more of first generation stallwords and then Dr. Anil Gandhi, Dr. Ajay Ashtaputre, Shri Chintan Patel, Shri Raju Joshi, Dr. Kedar Mukadam, Shri Nandkishor Date and many more which are reputed artist and performer, Academicians
Many Number of students from Mauritius, Shri Lanka Nepal And Bangladesh also learned from him,, Mr. Dirpoul, Shri Niti ranjan Biswas, are some of the names

He was the first guru of tabla player [[Pandit Divyang Vakil]].

==References==
* ''The art of tablā rhythm: essentials, tradition, and creativity''. {{ISBN|81-246-0368-5}}.

{{Portal bar|India|Music}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saxena, Sudhirkumar}}
[[Category:Tabla players]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian drummers]]

Boron (TV series)

2025-10-06T09:18:46Z

Piniteinfra:

{{Short description|Indian Bengali television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| producer = [[Snehasish Chakraborty]]
| last_aired = {{End date|2022|03|19|df=y}}
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2021|04|05}}
| channel = [[Star Jalsha]]
| company = [[Blues Productions]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| cinematography = Debabrata Mallick
| location = [[Kolkata]]
| editor = Bapon & Ajhar
| executive_producer = Runa & Sudip (Blues Productions) Samajita, Arpita & Dipanwita (Star Jalsha)
| image = Boron serial.jpeg
| num_episodes = 347 
| num_seasons = 1
| language = Bengali
| country = India
| open_theme = ''"Boron''"
| voices = Dipanita & Joy
| composer = Snehasish Chakraborty
| starring = Indrani Paul Sushmit Mukherjee
| creative_director = Snehasish Chakraborty
| director = Sukamal Nath
| screenplay = Snehasish Chakraborty
| story = Snehasish Chakraborty
| writer =
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Comedy]]
}}

'''''Boron''''' is an Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]] language [[romantic drama]] television series that premiered on 5 April 2021 at Bengali General Entertainment Channel [[Star Jalsha]] and it also available on the digital platform [[Disney+ Hotstar]]. The show is produced by Snehasish Chakraborty of ''[[Blues Productions]]'' and stars [[Indrani Paul]] and [[Sushmit Mukherjee]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Upcoming show 'Boron' to feature a fresh pair - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/upcoming-show-boron-to-feature-a-fresh-pair/articleshow/81446826.cms|access-date=2021-07-27|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=তিথির প্রতিবাদ ছড়িয়ে পড়বে সমাজে? স্ত্রী হিসেবে তাকে 'বরণ' করে নেবে রুদ্রিক?|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/boron-will-her-fight-for-justice-alter-tithis-life-forever-dgtl/cid/1274189|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-27|website=আনন্দবাজার|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404125448/https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/boron-will-her-fight-for-justice-alter-tithis-life-forever-dgtl/cid/1274189 |archive-date=2021-04-04 }}</ref>

==Plot==

Boron narrates the story of a courageous girl who is a hardworking student named Tithi. She wants to be independent and take care of her mom who sacrificed everything for her. Tithi is preparing for an exam and wants to bag a government job.

On the other hand, a rogue and spoilt brat named Rudrik Banerjee, son of a famous industrialist Nandan Banerjee, lives a lavish life and doesn't stick to the rule always. One day, his car hits a pedestrian leaving him critically injured. Tithi witnesses the incident and decides to report it. Tithi is indomitable and doesn't bow down to Rudrik's influential status. She decides to bring justice to the aggrieved people instead.

Tithi testifies against Rudrik in the court on the day of her marriage. Swearing revenge, Rudrik breaks into Tithi's marriage and shoots the groom Raj in his leg. However he ends up marrying Tithi accidentally. Nandan decides to welcome Tithi in the Banerjee household with all due respect, despite objections of his wife and other family members. He convinces them with the help of Naira that this is just an act to remove all negative publicity from their family name. Tithi too agrees on this to save her ailing mother from any further shock.

Slowly on Nandan's request, Tithi teaches Rudrik how to be happy and generous and not to be arrogant. However, sparks fly as Rudrik falls for Tithi, but is unable to confess his feelings to her. On the day of Rudrik's marriage with Naira, Rudrik puts vermilion on Tithi's forehead realising his love for her, whereas Naira marries the wedding priest Purna Chandra "Panu" Bachaspati himself to save her from humiliation.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Indrani Paul]] as Tithi Banerjee (née Mukherjee) – Parineeta and Raghav's daughter; Prodosh's half-sister; Rudrik's wife.
* [[Sushmit Mukherjee]] as Rudrik Banerjee – Nandan and Pritha's son; Sonnrita and Rimjhim's brother; Tithi's husband.

=== Recurring ===
* Priya Mondal as Naira Sen Chatterjee – Jeet's sister; Rudrik's childhood friend and one-sided lover; Prodosh's wife
* Soumodip Singha Roy as Prodosh "Panu" Chatterjee – A priest; Aparajita and Raghav's son; Tithi's half-brother; Naira's husband
* [[Kushal Chakraborty]] as Nandan Banarjee – A famous industrialist; Pritha's husband; Sonnrita, Rimjhim and Rudrik's father
* Sutapa Banerjee as Pritha Banerjee – Nandan's wife; Sonnrita, Rimjhim and Rudrik's mother
* [[Rimjhim Das]] as Rimjhim Banerjee – Nandan and Pritha's younger daughter; Sonnrita and Rudrik's sister
* [[Suchanda Chowdhury]] as Mrs. Banerjee – Nandan's mother; Sonnrita, Rimjhim and Rudrik's grandmother
* [[Ananya Biswas]] as Sonnrita Banerjee – A businesswoman; Nandan and Pritha's elder daughter; Rimjhim and Rudrik's sister; Alankar's wife
* [[Subhankar Saha]] as Alankar – Sonnrita's husband
* [[Debjani Chatterjee]] as Parineeta Mukherjee – Raghav's ex-wife; Tithi's mother
* [[Sohan Bandyopadhyay]] as Raghav Mukherjee – Parineeta's ex-husband; Aparajita's husband; Prodosh and Tithi's father
* [[Dolon Roy]] as Aparajita Chatterjee – Raghav's second wife; Prodosh's mother
* [[Basanti Chatterjee]] as Mrs. Mukherjee – Raghav's mother; Prodosh and Tithi's grandmother
* [[Sankar Sanku Chakraborty]] as Tithi's uncle
* Raja Kundu as Raj – Tithi's lover and ex-fiancé
* [[Rana Mitra]] as Mandar Banerjee – Rudrik's uncle
* [[Jayanta Dutta Burman]] as Shouptik Banerjee – Rudrik's uncle; Diti's husband
* [[Reshmi Bhattacharya]] as Diti Banerjee – Shouptik's wife
* [[Sudipa Basu]] as Tithi's elder paternal aunt
* [[Sayantani Majumdar]] as Aalta Mukherjee – Tithi's aunt
* [[Riya Ganguly]] as Keka Banerjee- Rudrik's sister-in-law
* Priyanka Mukherjee as Kakoli Banerjee- Rudrik's younger cousin sister
* Minashree Sarkar as Kuheli Banerjee - Rudrik's younger cousin sister
* [[Rupsha Chatterjee]] as Rupsha Banerjee- Rudrik's cousin sister
* [[Judhajit Banerjee]] as Jeet Sen- a businessman; Naira's elder brother
* [[Sahamita Acharya]] as Preksha- Tithi's younger cousin sister
* Unknown as Alankar's mother

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/boron/1260057617 ''Boron''] at [[Hotstar]]

[[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Star Jalsha original programming]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]

Maria Christopher Byrski

2025-08-29T12:02:56Z

Piniteinfra: Stub

{{Short description|Rich career and numerous awards}}
'''Maria Christopher Byrski''' is a polish diplomat, [[Indologist]] and [[Sanskrit]] scholar and [[Koodiyattam]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/a-diplomats-love-of-drama/article35345951.ece | title=A diplomat’s love of drama | publisher=The Hindu | work=G.S. Paul | date=15 July 2021 | accessdate=26 January 2022}}</ref> enthusiast. He was an Ambassador of Poland to India during 1993-96 and was awarded [[Padma Shri Award]], one of the fourth highest civilian awards of India, by the Hon'ble President of India. Amb. Byrski has received the award for his contribution in the field of Literature and Education. He is a recipient of [[Dr. George Grierson Award]] of the Central Hindi Directorate of the Government of India in 1995. He has written more than 100 essays on Ancient India's Drama.

Byrski had his first tryst with India in 1955, when he was a student of Indian Studies at the University of Warsaw. His fascination for Natyashastra, the ancient text on [[dramaturgy]], brought him to [[Banaras Hindu University]] (BHU), where he earned a doctorate with a thesis titled ‘Concept of Ancient Indian Theatre’. While doing his research, he became fascinated by [[Koodiyattam]], the only surviving [[Sanskrit]] theatre.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Paul |first=G. S. |date=15 July 2021 |title=A diplomat’s love of drama |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/a-diplomats-love-of-drama/article35345951.ece |access-date=26 January 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/padma-awards-2022-full-list/articleshow/89121192.cms | title=Padma awards to vaccine makers, Neeraj Chopra, Sonu Nigam: Full list | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | date=26 January 2022 | accessdate=26 January 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Byrski, Maria Christopher}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Poland to India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

Samba (Krishna's son)

2025-08-09T06:11:40Z

Piniteinfra: basic improved content additionally and updated info after review

{{Short description|Son of Krishna and Jambavati}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image = Samba, holding a cup, in the Kondamotu Vrishni heroes relief, 4th century CE.jpg
| caption = Samba, holding a cup, in the Kondamotu Vrishni heroes relief, 4th century CE
| father = [[Krishna]]
| mother = [[Jambavati]]
| spouse = [[Lakshmanaa]](Kaurava princess) <ref name ="Mani b"/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241914.html | title=Story of Sāmba | date=28 January 2019 }}</ref>
| dynasty = [[Yadu dynasty| Yaduvamsha-Chandravamsha]]
| texts = ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', ''[[Devi-Bhagavata Purana]]'', ''[[Mahabharata]]'', ''[[Samba Purana]]'', ''[[Skanda Purana]]''
| gender = Male
}}
{{Vrishni heroes}}
'''Samba''' ({{langx|sa|साम्ब}}; [[IAST]]: ''{{IAST|sāmba}}'') was a son of the [[Hindu god]] [[Krishna]] and his second consort, [[Jambavati]]. His foolish prank brought an end to the [[Yadu]] dynasty.{{sfnp|Hudson|2008|p=101|ps=}}

==Early worship==
In the 1st century BC, there seems to be evidence for a worship of five [[Vrishni heroes]] (Balarama, Krishna, [[Pradyumna]], [[Aniruddha]], and Samba), due to the [[Mora Well Inscription]] found at Mora near Mathura, which apparently mentions a son of the great ''satrap'' [[Rajuvula]], probably the ''satrap'' Sodasa and an image of Vrishni, "probably Vasudeva, and of the "Five Warriors".<ref>{{cite book |title= Hindu Gods and Heroes: Studies in the History of the Religion of India|last= Barnett|first= Lionel David|year= 1922 |publisher= J. Murray|page= [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.173123/page/n92 93]|url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.173123}}</ref> The Brahmi inscription can be seen on the [[Mora Well Inscription|Mora stone slab]], now in the [[Mathura Museum]].<ref name=Puri1968>{{cite book
|author = Puri, B.N.
|year = 1968
|title = India in the Time of Patanjali
|publisher = Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan
}}Page 51: The coins of Raj uvula have been recovered from the Sultanpur District..
the Brahmi inscription on the Mora stone slab, now in the Mathura Museum,</ref><ref>
{{cite book |title= Hindu Gods and Heroes: Studies in the History of the Religion of India|last= Barnett|first= Lionel David|year= 1922 |publisher= J. Murray|page= [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.173123/page/n91 92] |url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.173123}}</ref>

==Birth==
The ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and the ''[[Devi Bhagavata Purana]]'' narrate the story of the birth of Samba. Jambavati was unhappy when she realized that only she had not given birth to a child while all the other wives had many children. She approached Krishna to find a solution and to be blessed with a son like the handsome [[Pradyumna]], Krishna's first-born son.

Krishna knew this son would herald in the destruction of the Yadu clan, and therefore needed to be a form of Shiva's destructive energy. Then Krishna went to the hermitage of the sage [[Upamanyu]] in the [[Himalayas]] and as advised by the sage, he started to pray to the god [[Shiva]]. He performed his penance for six months in various postures; once holding a skull and a rod, then standing on one leg only in the next month and surviving on water only, during the third month he did penance standing on his toes and living on air only. Pleased with the austerities, Shiva finally appeared before Krishna as Samba, ([[Ardhanarishvara]]) the half-female, half-male form of the god Shiva-Shakti, asked him to ask a boon. Krishna then sought a son from Jambavati, which was granted. A son was born soon thereafter, named Samba, the form Shiva had appeared before Krishna.<ref name="Parmeshwaranand">{{cite book|author=Swami Parmeshwaranand|title=Encyclopaedia of the Śaivism|year=2004|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HQvbJDacNDMC|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-427-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HQvbJDacNDMC/page/n68 62]}}</ref><ref name="Mani">{{cite book | author= Vettam Mani| title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature | url= https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers | year = 1975  | isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 | author-link = Vettam Mani|pages = [https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/342 342], 677}}</ref>

According to [[Bhagavata Purana]], Jambavati was the mother of Samba, Sumitra, Purujit, Shatajit, Sahasrajit, Vijaya, Chitraketu, Vasuman, Dravida and Kratu.<ref>[http://vedabase.net/sb/10/61/10-12/en Bhagavata Purana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430183452/http://vedabase.net/sb/10/61/10-12/en |date=30 April 2008 }}. Vedabase.net. Retrieved on 2013-05-02.</ref> The ''Vishnu Purana'' says that she has many sons headed by Samba.

==Marriage==
Samba grew up to be a nuisance to the race. [[Lakshmanaa]], who was the daughter of [[Duryodhana]] and younger sister of [[Laxman Kumara|Lakshmana Kumara]] had come of age.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://krsnabook.com/67.html |title=Krishna Book Chapter 67: The Marriage of Samba |publisher=Krsnabook.com |access-date=2012-08-26}}</ref> Her father arranged her [[Svayamvara|swayamvara]] and many princes came to win her hand. Samba had heard of Lakshmana and wanted to marry her. He went to her swayamvara and abducted her. He defeated the Kuru [[Hindu mythological wars|maharathis]] who pursued him but was finally caught. He was arrested by the Kuru elders and thrown in prison.<ref name="Mani" />

Lakshmana's swayamvara was re-arranged, but no other prince was willing to marry her, since it was considered that a woman abducted by another man belonged to that man. The princes were actually afraid of the Yadavas who might attack them on Samba's behalf. Balarama, who was fond of his notorious nephew, went to Hastinapura to bail him out. The Kurus refused. Balarama became enraged and started smashing up the palace. Soon after, Duryodhana apologised for their conduct. Balarama was pacified and ordered the Kurus to free Samba. Duryodhana then married his daughter off to Samba. Samba and Lakshmanaa had ten children.<ref name="Mani" />

==Curse of Leprosy==
According to [[Mahabharata]]'s [[Mausala Parva]], Samba died because some Rishis cursed him that he will die from his father's hand.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Savitri V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HqYcAAAAMAAJ&q=nandini+samba |title=The Paurāṇic Lore of Holy Water-places: With Special Reference to Skanda Purāṇa |date=1983 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |isbn=978-81-215-0147-7 |pages=85 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Mani b">{{cite book | last = Mani | first = Vettam | title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature | url = https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft | publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers | year = 1975  | isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 | author-link = Vettam Mani|page = [https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/677 677]}}</ref><ref name="Pattanaik2000">{{cite book|author=Devdutt Pattanaik|title=The Goddess in India: The Five Faces of the Eternal Feminine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rjL3ogbdJNkC|access-date=24 April 2013|date=1 September 2000|publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Co|isbn=978-0-89281-807-5|pages=101–2}}</ref>

In another version of the tale, one day, Samba teased the sage Narada for his looks. The sage felt humiliated and was infuriated. He decided to teach Samba a lesson. He lured Samba to the private bathing pool where his stepmothers were taking baths. Finding intrusion on their privacy, they all complained to Krishna. Krishna was mortified to learn that his son had been peeping and cursed him to suffer from leprosy. Samba pleaded his innocence and expressed that he was misled by Narada. Krishna found it to be true and repented for his action in haste. As the curse cannot be revoked, he advised Samba to pray to Surya who alone can cure him of the deadly disease and Surya destroyed Sambha's leprosy.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-04|title=Opinion: Samba Dashami Or Sambar Dashami|url=https://odishatv.in/odisha-news/opinion-samba-dashami-or-sambar-dashami-425813|access-date=2021-01-13|website=Latest Odisha News, Breaking News Today {{!}} Top Updates on Corona - OTV News|language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[Samba Purana]] consists of the narrative of Samba getting infected by leprosy, after being cursed by sage [[Durvasa]] for mocking him. Later, he got cured by worshipping [[Surya]] in the temple constructed by him in Mitravana on the banks of the [[Chenab River|Chandrabhaga]], which was once [[Multan Sun Temple]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dowson|first1=John|title=A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History and Literature|date=5 November 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136390296|pages=276–77|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=leH7AQAAQBAJ&q=samba+krishna+curse&pg=PA276|access-date=29 April 2017|language=en}}</ref> Samba underwent penance for 12 years in Mitravana near the shores of Chandrabhaga.<ref name=officiallegend>{{cite web|url=http://konark.nic.in/legend.HTM|title=Official website: The Sun Temple Legend|publisher=Tourism Department, Government of Orissa|access-date=27 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231010457/http://www.konark.nic.in/legend.HTM|archive-date=31 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Both the original [[Konark Sun Temple]] and the [[Multan Sun Temple]]<ref name="Cunningham1871">{{cite book|author=Sir Alexander Cunningham|title=The Ancient Geography of India: I. The Buddhist Period, Including the Campaigns of Alexander, and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yH9Xef_vm1EC&pg=PA233|access-date=27 July 2013|year=1871|publisher=Trübner & Company|page=233}}</ref> at [[Multan]], earlier known as Kashyapapura, have been attributed to Samba. He was cured by the Sun God [[Surya]] after 12 years of penance near [[Konark]]. Samba deeply chanted and meditated toward Surya and Surya destroyed Sambha's leprosy. Similarly in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]], he built original [[Kandaha Surya Mandir]] also known as ''Markandeyark Surya Mandir'' at Kandaha village of the present [[Saharsa district]] in the state of [[Bihar]], to get rid from the curse.<ref>{{Cite web |title=देश के 12 सूर्य मंदिरों में एक है कंदाहा का सूर्य मंदिर - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/saharsa-14961338.html |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> As a tradition in the state of [[Odisha]], [[India]] this day is celebrated as [[Samba Dashami]] on the 10th day of the Shukla Paksha of [[Pausha]] [[Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar|Masa]]. On this day, mothers and fathers pray to Surya for the health of their children.

==Destruction of the Yadava clan==
[[File:Samba dressed as a pregnant woman, presented to the sages - Illustrations from the Barddhaman edition of Mahabharata.jpg|thumb|Samba dressed as a pregnant woman being presented to the sages - Illustrations from the Barddhaman edition of Mahabharata.]]
At the end of [[Kurukshetra war]], all 100 of [[Gandhari (character)|Gandhari]]'s sons, the [[Kaurava]]s, were killed by their cousins, the [[Pandavas]], who were aided by Krishna. Pandavas also lost all of their sons. Gandhari cursed Krishna for allowing all this destruction to happen. She cursed that he, his city and all his subjects would be destroyed. Krishna accepted the curse.<ref name=kmg>[https://archive.org/stream/mahabharataofkri06royp#page/n3/mode/2up Stri Parva] The Mahabharata, Translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli, Published by P.C. Roy (1889)</ref><ref name="Tears of Gandhari">{{cite web|last1=Pattanaik|first1=Devdutt|title=Tears of Gandhari|url=http://devdutt.com/articles/indian-mythology/mahabharata/tears-of-gandhari.html|website=Devdutt|date=28 November 2008|access-date=20 April 2018|archive-date=18 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618123045/http://devdutt.com/articles/indian-mythology/mahabharata/tears-of-gandhari.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The book [[Mausala Parva]] describes the fulfillment of the curse 36 years after the end of the great war. With Yudhisthira's realm now peaceful and prosperous, the youth of the Yadava clan have become frivolous and hedonistic. Samba dresses up as a woman and his friends meet Rishi [[Vishwamitra]], [[Durvasa]], [[Vashista]], [[Narada]] and other [[rishi]]s, who were visiting Dwaraka for an audience with Krishna. The young man playfully pretending to be a woman claims that he is pregnant and asks the rishis to predict the gender of the baby. One rishi sees through the prank. In a fit of rage, he curses that Samba will give birth to an iron bolt ([[Gada (mace)]] a weapon) that will destroy his entire race. As per the curse, the next day, Samba gave birth to an iron rod. The youth informed King [[Ugrasena]] of what had happened. Ugrasena ordered Samba to crush the rod into powder and cast it into the Prabhas sea. The powder washed up onto the seashore and grew into long reeds of eraká grass. Later on in the story, the Yadavas are at that same seashore for a festival, when a fight breaks out between them all. Not having any weapons to hand, the Yadavas break off the eraká grass, which they discovered was as strong as iron, and use this to kill each other. Thus, the iron bolt destroys the entire Yadava Clan.

One larger piece of the bolt was swallowed by a fish. That same fish was caught by a hunter named Jara, who in his past life was [[Vali (Ramayana)|Vali]] in the [[Ramayana]]. He removed the iron piece from his catch and noticing that it had a point and arrowhead-like shape, sharpened it as such and stuck it onto the tip of one of his arrows. The hunter Jara mistook Krishna's partly visible left foot for a deer and shot the arrow. The arrow mortally wounded Krishna resulting in his departure from the earth.<ref>{{Cite web|title=क्‍या आप जानते हैं, कैसे हुई थी श्रीकृष्ण की मृत्यु|url=https://www.jagran.com/spiritual/sant-saadhak-how-did-you-know-the-death-of-krishna-14554759.html|website=Dainik Jagran|access-date=3 July 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
{{commons category}}
*[[Multan Sun Temple]]
*[[Samba district]]
*[[Samba Purana]]
*[[Mausala Parva]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |title=The Body of God: An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram |first=D. Dennis |last=Hudson |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-199-70902-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMCxbOezDi4C}}
{{refend}}

[[Category: People related to Krishna]]
[[Category: Characters in the Mahabharata]]

AASRA

2025-08-06T21:06:14Z

Piniteinfra: add formatting additionally and corrected details to improve readability

{{short description|Mumbai-based mental health NGO}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = AASRA
| image =
| caption =
| type =
| tax_id =
| registration_id = E 2047 (''registered as a Public Charity under the Bombay Charity Act, 1960'')
| founded_date = {{Start date|df=yes|1998|09|13}}
| founder =
| dissolved = 
| location = [[Mumbai]], India
| coordinates = 
| origins = Befrienders Worldwide; Samaritans
| key_people = Johnson Thomas (Director)<ref>{{cite news | url=https://archive.mid-day.com/lifestyle/2010/jan/120110-Active-health-laugh-depression-sucides.htm | title=How to be a shiny, happy person | date=12 January 2010 | publisher=[[Mid-Day]] | first=Fiona | last=Fernandez | accessdate=3 February 2019 }}</ref>
| area_served =
| products =
| services =
| focus = Mental health, telephone counselling
| method =
| revenue =
| disbursed =
| expenses =
| endowment =
| num_volunteers =
| num_employees =
| num_members =
| affiliations =
| subsid =
| owner =
| formerly =
| website = {{URL|http://www.aasra.info/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''AASRA''' (stylized as: '''आसRa''') is a [[Mumbai]]-based mental health [[not-for-profit organization]] known for operating a [[24/7 service|24-hour]] [[Crisis hotline|helpline]] for individuals who are [[Suicide|suicidal]] and emotionally distressed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-06 |title=CBSE Board exams: Helplines open till April 16 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/cbse-board-exams-helplines-open-till-april-16-92086-2012-02-05 |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Beat back the New Year-eve blues - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Beat-back-the-New-Year-eve-blues/articleshow/11309935.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104192158/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-31/mumbai/30576180_1_feeling-blues-drink |archive-date=4 November 2013 |access-date=17 January 2022 |website=[[Times of India]]}}</ref> The service is an offshoot of [[Befrienders Worldwide]] and the [[Samaritans (charity)|Samaritans]], with the India chapter established in 1960.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.aasra.info/}}
{{Mental Health in India}}

[[Category:Mental health organisations in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1998]]

{{India-org-stub}}
{{mental-health-stub}}

United Nations Security Council Resolution 47

2025-08-03T12:33:55Z

Piniteinfra: updated article for accuracy and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|1948 resolution on resolving the Kashmir conflict}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox UN resolution
|number = 47
|organ = Security Council
|date = 21 April
|year = 1948
|meeting = 286
|code = S/726
|document = https://undocs.org/S/RES/47(1948)
|for =
|abstention =
|against =
|subject = The India–Pakistan Question
|result = Adopted
|image = India Jammu and Kashmir relief map.png
|caption = Map of Jammu and Kashmir
}}
{{United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning the Kashmir conflict}}
{{Redirect|United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan|a general overview|UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute}}

'''United Nations Security Council Resolution 47''', adopted on 21 April 1948, concerns the resolution of the [[Kashmir conflict]]. After hearing arguments from both India and Pakistan, the Council increased the size of the UN Commission created by the former [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 39|Resolution 39]] to five members, instructed the Commission to go to the [[Indian subcontinent|subcontinent]] and help the governments of India and Pakistan restore peace and order to the region and prepare for a [[plebiscite]] to decide the fate of [[Kashmir]].

Secondly, the Resolution recommended a three-step process for the resolution of the dispute. In the first step, Pakistan was asked to withdraw all its nationals that entered Kashmir for the sake of fighting. In the second step, India was asked to progressively reduce its forces to the minimum level required for law and order. In the third step, India was asked to appoint a plebiscite administrator nominated by the United Nations who would conduct a free and impartial plebiscite.

The resolution was adopted paragraph by paragraph; no vote on the resolution as a whole was taken.

Both India and Pakistan raised objections to the Resolution. However, they welcomed mediation by the UN Commission. Through its mediation, the Commission amplified and amended the Security Council Resolution, adopting two resolutions of its own, which were accepted by both India and Pakistan. Subsequently, a cease-fire was achieved by the Commission at the beginning of 1949. However, a truce was not achieved due to disagreements over the process of demilitarisation. After considerable efforts, the Commission declared its failure in December 1949.

==Background==
{{Main article|Kashmir conflict}}
[[File:Kashmir_region_2004.jpg|thumb|Map of the former [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|princely state of Jammu and Kashmir]]]]
Prior to 1947, [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] (Kashmir) was a [[princely state]] under [[British Paramountcy]], ruled by a [[Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir|Hindu maharaja]]. With the impending [[Indian Independence Act 1947|independence]] and [[Partition of India|partition of British Raj]] into the dominions of [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]] and [[Dominion of India|India]], the British announced that the British Paramountcy would lapse and the rulers of princely states were given the option of joining one of the two new countries (termed "[[Instrument of Accession|accession]]") or staying independent. The [[Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir]] chose to stay independent, however, most of the population was Muslim. {{efn|According to the 1941 census, the state's population was 77 percent Muslim, 20 percent Hindu and 3 percent others (Sikhs and Buddhists).{{sfn|Bose|2003|pp=27–28}} The [[Jammu Division|Jammu province]] in the south was Hindu majority, related to the East Punjab in India, [[Ladakh]] in the east was Buddhist majority, the [[Kashmir Valley]] in the centre was predominantly Muslim and [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]-speaking, the [[Azad Kashmir|western districts]] were Sunni Muslim, related to the West Punjab in Pakistan, and the [[Gilgit-Baltistan|northern areas]] were predominantly Muslim of Shia and Ismaili sects.}}

Following an uprising in the western districts of the state and an armed invasion by [[Federally Administered Tribal Area|Pashtun tribes]] from Pakistan, the Maharaja acceded to India on 26 October 1947. India immediately air lifted troops into Kashmir the next day. Considerable evidence cited by scholars since then has pointed to Pakistan's complicity in instigating and supporting the invasion. A [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|limited war]] ensued between the Indian troops and the Pakistani raiders within the confines of the princely state.

On 1 January 1948, India took the matter to the United Nations Security Council under Article 35 of the UN Charter, which allows the member nations to bring to the attention of the UN matters endangering international peace. It claimed that Pakistani nationals and tribesmen had attacked Jammu and Kashmir, which was Indian territory. It requested the Security Council to prevent Pakistan from continuing its actions. India also stated that, despite holding the state's legal accession, it was prepared to conduct a [[plebiscite]] to confirm the people's wishes and abide by its results. In response, Pakistan denied involvement in the conflict and made counter-accusations claiming that India had acquired the state's accession by "fraud and violence" and that it was conducting a "genocide" against Muslims.{{sfn|Raghavan|2010|pp=124–125}}

On 20 January 1948, the Security Council passed [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 39|Resolution 39]] establishing a three-member Commission to investigate the complaints. However such a Commission did not come into fruition until May 1948. Meanwhile, the Security Council continued its deliberations and the war too continued.

==Resolution 47==
On 18 March, the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] tabled a new draft resolution in three parts. The first part dealt with the restoration of peace, asking Pakistan to withdraw its nationals. The second part dealt with the conduct of plebiscite for the people of Kashmir to choose between India and Pakistan. India was asked to create a "Plebiscite Administration" whose directors would be nominated by the UN Secretary-General but would function as the officials of the state. The third part dealt with creating an interim administration for the state which would represent all major political groups in the state.{{sfn|Raghavan|2010|pp=130–131}}

During the subsequent discussion, the draft was modified considerably, with several concessions made to Pakistan at the instigation of the British delegation. India expressed discomfort at the modifications.{{sfn|Raghavan|2010|p=131}}

===The resolution===
The final resolution adopted had two parts. The first part increased the Commission's strength to five members and asked it to proceed to the [[Indian subcontinent]] at once to mediate between India and Pakistan. The second part dealt with the Security council's recommendations for restoring peace and conducting a plebiscite. This involved three steps.{{sfn|Raghavan|2010|p=131}}{{sfn|Korbel|1966|pp=113–114}}
* In the first step, Pakistan was asked to use its "best endeavours" to secure the withdrawal of all tribesmen and Pakistani nationals, putting an end to the fighting in the state.
* In the second step, India was asked to "progressively reduce" its forces to the minimum level required for keeping law and order. It laid down principles that India should follow in administering law and order in consultation with the Commission, using local personnel as far as possible.
* In the third step, India was asked to ensure that all the major political parties were invited to participate in the state government at the ministerial level, essentially forming a coalition cabinet. India should then appoint a Plebiscite Administrator nominated by the United Nations, who would have a range of powers including powers to deal with the two countries and ensure a free and impartial plebiscite. Measures were to be taken to ensure the return of refugees, the release of all political prisoners, and for political freedom.

The resolution was approved by nine votes against none. The Soviet Union and [[Ukrainian SSR]] abstained.{{sfn|Korbel|1966|p=112}}

===Commentary===
The resolution was passed under the [[Chapter VI of the United Nations Charter]] (which is devoted to "peaceful settlement of disputes"). It did not consist of directives to the parties, but rather "recommendations". Former UN diplomat [[Josef Korbel]] states that this bound the parties only "morally" but not "juridicially". The final resolution of the conflict rested with the governments of India and Pakistan and depended on their goodwill.{{sfn|Korbel|1966|p=114}}

The Security Council refrained from taking sides in the dispute. It did not condemn Pakistan as the aggressor, as India had requested. Neither did it touch upon the legalities of the accession of Jammu and Kashmir. Korbel states that the Security Council could have requested the [[International Court of Justice]] to give an advisory opinion on the legal issues. Had that been done, the Security Council would have been in a stronger position to declare one of the parties to be in the wrong, and the handling of the dispute would have been easier.{{sfn|Korbel|1966|p=114}}

In the event, the approach of the Security Council was "timid" in Korbel's view. Its evaluation of the Kashmir dispute was not realistic as was discovered soon with prolonged debates, endless wrangling, and adjournment of the deliberations. With the passing of time, the tensions and political cleavages in Kashmir grew and the plebiscite solution became increasingly difficult.{{sfn|Korbel|1966|p=117}}

The American ambassador to the UN [[Warren R. Austin]] also shared the view. He thought the resolution, as well as others that followed, were unrealistic and ineffective. They depended on the goodwill of India and Pakistan cooperating with the Security Council and failed to give it the authority to impose sanctions. The US embassies in India and Pakistan were equally frustrated.{{sfn|Schaffer|2009|p=18}}

It is apparent that the Security Council viewed the problem as primarily a political dispute rather than looking at its legal underpinnings, in particular whether Kashmir's accession to India was valid.{{sfn|Subbiah|2004|p=180}} It implicitly assumed that accession was valid but incomplete, contingent upon the ratification by the people of the state. Thus it asked for the Pakistani nationals to withdraw in the first instance but held that plebiscite was the ultimate solution.{{sfn|Subbiah|2004|p=181}} Legal specialist Sumathi Subbiah contends that the way of dealing with the situation as a political dispute rather than legal obligations proved too weak to compel India and Pakistan to reach a final resolution.{{sfn|Subbiah|2004|p=182}}

===Reception===
Both India and Pakistan raised objections to the Resolution 47.{{efn|The reaction finds various descriptions in the sources:
* {{harvtxt|Raghavan|2010|p=132}}: "Both India and Pakistan rejected the resolution."
* {{harvtxt|Korbel|1949|p=279}}: "Both India and Pakistan raised voices against the April 1948 resolution."
* {{harvtxt|Korbel|1966|pp=112–113}}: "The Government of India sent a letter of protest to the United Nations and refused cooperation in any implementation of the resolution...One month later, however, the Indian representative was somehow more conciliatory... The Pakistani delegate was not wholly satisfied with the proposal but his criticism did not imply outright rejection."}}

India objected first of all that the resolution placed India and Pakistan on an equal footing, ignoring the complaint of Pakistani aggression and Kashmir's legal accession to India. Secondly, it objected to the absence of allowance for it to retain troops in the state for its defence. It also felt the requirement of a coalition government would put [[Sheikh Abdullah]], then Prime Minister of Kashmir, in an impossible position. It said that the powers conferred on the Plebiscite Administrator were far too wide and undermined the state's sovereignty. It felt that provision for the return of all refugees was unrealistic. Finally, India wanted Pakistan to be excluded from the conduct of the plebiscite.{{sfn|Raghavan|2010|p=132}}

Pakistan objected to the retention of the Indian forces in Kashmir, even at the minimum level allowed by the resolution. It wanted an equal representation in the government of the state for the [[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference|Muslim Conference]], the dominant party of the Pakistani-held Kashmir.{{sfn|Raghavan|2010|p=132}} The Pakistani government circles felt that the Security Council deliberations had been favourable to Pakistan but the final proposals were modified by the United States and Britain to "mollify" India. Britain came in for particular criticism.{{sfn|Korbel|1966|p=113}}

Both the sides however welcomed the UN Commission and agreed to work with it.{{sfn|Raghavan|2010|p=132}}

== UN Commission ==
The five member '''United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan''' (UNCIP) consisted of the representatives from [[Czechoslovakia]] ([[Josef Korbel]]), [[Argentina]] ([[Ricardo Siri]]), [[Belgium]] (Egbert Graeffe), [[Colombia]] (Alfredo Lozano) and the United States ([[Jerome Klahr Huddle]]). It secretariat was headed by [[Erik Colban]], the Norwegian ambassador to the UK, with the British Quaker [[Richard Symonds (relief worker)|Richard Symonds]] acting as Colban's secretary.{{sfn|Ankit|2014|p=69}}

Sources state that the political atmosphere in both India and Pakistan was hostile to the Commission upon its arrival in the subcontinent in July 1948.{{sfn|Blinkenberg|1998|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=USowAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA106 106]}}

=== Ceasefire (1948) ===
Upon arriving in [[Karachi]], the Commission was informed by Pakistan that three brigades of its regular troops had been fighting in Kashmir since May, which was described as a "bombshell" by Josef Korbel.{{sfn|Korbel|1966|p=121}} In [[New Delhi]], India asserted that it attached the highest importance to a declaration of Pakistan's guilt.{{sfn|Korbel|1966|p=124}} The fighting in Kashmir went on unabated and the Commission recognized that the [[Sheikh Abdullah]] government in Jammu and Kashmir and the [[Azad Kashmir]] government in [[Muzaffarabad]] were engaged in an irreconcilable struggle.{{sfn|Korbel|1953|pp=501–502}}

On 13 August 1948, after discussions with both the governments, the Commission unanimously adopted a three-part resolution, amending and amplifying the UN Resolution 47.{{sfn|UNCIP|1948}}
* Part I dealt with ''ceasefire'', calling for a complete cessation of hostilities.
* Part II dealt with a ''truce agreement''. It asked for a complete withdrawal of Pakistan's fighting forces, including the army, tribes and other Pakistani nationals, and stated that the evacuated territory would be administered by local authorities under the surveillance of the Commission. Following the Pakistani withdrawal, India was expected to withdraw the "bulk of its forces" reducing them to the minimum level required for maintaining law and order.
* Part III stated that, after the acceptance of the truce agreement, the two countries would enter into ''consultation with the Commission'' for settling the future of the state in accordance with the will of the people.{{sfn|Korbel|1953|p=502}}

The structure of the resolution was of significance to India. The three-part structure implicitly recognized Pakistan's "aggression" by making the truce agreement precede the consultation for the future of the state. Moreover, plebiscite was not mentioned, which allowed for other possible avenues for determining the will of the people, such as electing a constituent assembly. India feared that a plebiscite would incite religious passions and unleash "disruptive forces".{{sfn|Raghavan|2010|pp=137, 144}}

While India accepted the Commission's resolution, Pakistan attached so many reservations and qualifications that the Commission believed it was "tantamount to rejection".{{sfn|Korbel|1953|p=502}}
The Commission surmised that Pakistan's main preoccupation was the guarantee of a free and impartial plebiscite after the fighting stopped.{{sfn|Korbel|1966|p=124}} It then developed a supplement to its August resolution outlining proposals for the administration of the plebiscite. It defined the functions of the Plebiscite Administrator who would, among others, decide the final disposal of the Indian and Azad Kashmir forces.{{sfn|Korbel|1966|pp=151–153}} India objected that it was being asked to make further concessions even though Pakistan had not accepted the truce agreement. It sought and obtained several assurances, including an agreement that it would not be bound by plebiscite if Pakistan did not implement the first two parts of the August resolution;{{sfn|UNCIP|1949a|p=23}} and assurance that the Azad Kashmir forces would be disbanded before the plebiscite.{{sfn|UNCIP|1949a|p=25}}{{sfn|Raghavan|2010|p=145}}

Despite reservations, questions and dissents, the two governments finally accepted the proposals, leading to a ceasefire in Kashmir on 1 January 1949.{{sfn|Korbel|1966|p=153}} The Commission incorporated the supplement into a new resolution approved on 5 January 1949.<ref name="S/1196">
{{citation |title=UNCIP Resolution of 5 January 1949 (S/1196) |publisher=Jinnah of Pakistan web site |access-date=September 28, 2016 |url=http://www.humsafar.info/jkun490105.php |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829175645/http://www.humsafar.info/jkun490105.php |archive-date=29 August 2008}}</ref>

=== Elusive truce (1949) ===
The Commission returned to the subcontinent in February 1949 to implement the terms of the ceasefire, set up a truce agreement and prepare for a plebiscite. Korbel states that the Commission faced "enormous difficulties".{{sfn|Korbel|1966|p=154}}{{efn|Josef Korbel left Czechoslovakia after the [[1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état|communist coup]]. He was replaced by another Czech delegate who, according Korbel, "embarked upon the Soviet-Communist tactic of disrupting the structure of peace".{{sfn|Korbel|1966|p=154}}}}

India insisted on the disbandment of the 'Azad forces' as an "essential condition" before the plebiscite, which, according to Korbel, came as "jolt" to the Commission.{{sfn|Korbel|1966|p=155}} This was indeed agreed in the previous round.{{sfn|UNCIP|1949a|p=25}} However India appeared to have advanced the timetable.{{sfn|Raghavan|2010|p=146}} The so-called 'Azad forces' were made up of the demobilised soldiers of the [[Indian Army during World War II|British Indian Army]] belonging to the [[History of Poonch District|Poonch]] and [[Mirpur District|Mirpur]] districts. They rose in revolt against the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir prior to the tribal invasion. Following the invasion, Pakistan organised the soldiers into 32 battalions of a serious military force and used them to fight the Indian forces. During the truce discussions, Pakistan insisted on a balance between the Azad forces and the State forces, and demanded that Pakistan be allowed to train the Azad forces to take the positions that the Pakistani forces would vacate. This led the Indians to conclude that Pakistan was planning to resume hostilities as soon as the Indian withdrawal began. Thus they demanded that the disbandment of Azad forces should occur during the truce stage itself. Pakistan rejected the demand for disbandment and insisted on parity between the Azad and State forces. Pakistan also wished to see the detailed plans of the Indian withdrawal and insisted that it should be "synchronized" with the Pakistani withdrawal.{{sfn|Raghavan|2010|p=146}}{{sfn|Das Gupta|2012|pp=147–148}}

After multiple rounds of proposals for demilitarisation, which were rejected by both India and Pakistan, the Commission proposed arbitration. Pakistan accepted the proposal for arbitration, but India rejected it, saying that it was not a matter for arbitration but for "affirmative and immediate decision". India's position was that no distinction could be made between the Pakistan Army and the Azad forces. The Commission conceded that the Azad forces now had a strength that changed the military situation and made the Indian withdrawal as envisaged in the original resolution difficult.{{sfn|Raghavan|2010|p=146}}{{sfn|Das Gupta|2012|pp=147–148}}

Another difficulty arose with regard to the "Northern Areas" (present day [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]). India demanded that, upon Pakistani withdrawal, these areas should be restored to the government of Jammu and Kashmir and India should be allowed to defend its borders. The Commission conceded the legal basis of the Indian demand but feared that it would cause renewed fighting between the Indian forces and the local forces. It proposed that the areas should be governed by "local authorities" under the supervision of the Commission and Indian forces would be sent only if the UN observers notified it of their necessity. This compromise was rejected by both India and Pakistan.{{sfn|Das Gupta|2012|pp=150–151}}

The Commission declared its failure and submitted its final report to the Security Council on 9 December 1949. It recommended that the Commission be replaced by a single mediator; that the problem of demilitarisation be viewed as a whole without the required sequentiality of the August resolution; that the UN representatives should have the authority to settle issues by arbitration. The Czech delegate submitted a minority report contending that the Commission's declaration of failure was premature, that the problem of Azad forces had been underrated, and that the Northern Areas did not receive adequate attention.{{sfn|Das Gupta|2012|pp=151–152}}

==Aftermath==
The Security Council asked its Canadian delegate, General [[A. G. L. McNaughton]], to informally consult India and Pakistan towards a demilitarisation plan. In the course of his discussion, on 22 December 1949, McNaughton proposed that both Pakistani and Indian forces should be reduced to a minimum level, followed by the disbandment of both the Azad forces and the State forces. India proposed two far-reaching amendments, in effect rejecting the McNaughton proposals. The McNaughton proposals represented an important departure from those of the UNCIP resolutions in that they treated India and Pakistan on an equal footing. India was averse to such an equation.{{sfn|Das Gupta|2012|pp=153–154}}{{sfn|Raghavan|2010|p=147}}

Despite India's apparent objection, the Security Council adopted the McNaughton proposals in [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 80|Resolution 80]] and appointed a mediator. The mediation also ended in failure.

In 1972, following the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]], India and Pakistan signed the [[Simla Agreement]], agreeing to resolve all their differences through bilateral negotiations. The United States, United Kingdom and most Western governments have since supported this approach.{{sfn|Schaffer|2009|pp=122–123}}{{sfn|Roberts|Welsh|2010|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=SiYUDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA340 340]}}{{sfn|Cheema|2009|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=-vifpWqV2WYC&pg=PA47 47]}}{{sfn|Kux|1992|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=zcylFXH9_z8C&pg=PA434 434]}}{{sfn|Lyon|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=vLwOck15eboC&pg=PA166 166]}}

In 2001, the then [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]], [[Kofi Annan]] during his visit to India and Pakistan, clarified that Kashmir resolutions are only advisory recommendations and they should not be compared to those on [[East Timor]] and [[Iraq]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Ramananda Sengupta |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/jun/26pak1.htm|title=Low expectations from Indo-Pak talks |website=[[Rediff.com|Rediff India Abroad]] |date=26 June 2004}}</ref>

In 2003, the then Pakistan President [[Pervez Musharraf]] announced that Pakistan was willing to "leave aside" the demand for UN resolutions and explore alternative bilateral options for resolving the dispute.<ref>{{cite news |author=B. Muralidhar Reddy |title=We have 'left aside' U.N. resolutions on Kashmir: Musharraf |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=18 December 2003 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/we-have-left-aside-un-resolutions-on-kashmir-musharraf/article27816543.ece |access-date=2021-03-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525184656/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/we-have-left-aside-un-resolutions-on-kashmir-musharraf/article27816543.ece |archive-date=2020-05-25}}</ref>

In 2020, the UN secretary-general [[António Guterres]] called for the implementation of UN Security Council resolutions on Kashmir, including the holding of a plebiscite among Kashmir's residents on whether they wanted join India or Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/2/17/deeply-concerned-un-chief-offers-mediation-on-kashmir-dispute |title='Deeply concerned': UN chief offers mediation on Kashmir dispute |work=Al Jazeera |date=17 February 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Kashmir conflict]]
* [[Timeline of the Kashmir conflict]]
* [[Indo-Pakistani relations]]
* [[List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1 to 100]] (1946–1953)

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|20em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite thesis |last=Ankit |first=Rakesh |date=September 2014 |title=Kashmir, 1945–66: From Empire to the Cold War |type=PhD thesis |publisher=University of Southampton |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/370019/}}
* {{citation |last=Blinkenberg |first=Lars |title=India-Pakistan: The historical part |year=1998 |publisher=Odense University Press |isbn=978-87-7838-286-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=USowAQAAIAAJ}}
* {{citation |first=Sumantra |last=Bose |author-link=Sumantra Bose |title=Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-674-01173-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ACMe9WBdNAC}}
* {{citation |last=Cheema |first=Zafar Iqbal |chapter=The strategic context of the Kargil conflict: A Pakistani perspective |pages=41–63 |editor=Peter René Lavoy |title=Asymmetric Warfare in South Asia: The Causes and Consequences of the Kargil Conflict |date=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-76721-7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-vifpWqV2WYC&pg=PA41}}
* {{citation |last=Das Gupta |first=Jyoti Bhusan |title=Jammu and Kashmir |publisher=Springer |date=2012 |isbn=978-94-011-9231-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dpTpCAAAQBAJ}}
* {{citation |first=Josef |last=Korbel |author-link=Josef Korbel |title=The Kashmir Dispute and the United Nations |journal=[[International Organization]] |volume=3 |number=2 |pages=278–287 |date=May 1949 |jstor=2703744 |doi=10.1017/s0020818300020610}}
* {{citation |last=Korbel |first=Josef |author-link=Josef Korbel |title=The Kashmir dispute after six years |journal=[[International Organization]] |volume=7 |number=4 |pages=498–510 |year=1953 |jstor=2704850 |doi=10.1017/s0020818300007256}}
* {{citation |last=Korbel |first=Josef |author-link=Josef Korbel |title=Danger in Kashmir |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1966 |orig-year=1954 |isbn=9781400875238 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Q7WCgAAQBAJ }}
* {{citation |last=Kux |first=Dennis |title=India and the United States: Estranged Democracies, 1941–1991 |year=1992 |publisher=DIANE Publishing |isbn=978-0-7881-0279-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zcylFXH9_z8C}}
* {{citation |last=Lyon |first=Peter |title=Conflict Between India and Pakistan: An Encyclopedia |year=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-712-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vLwOck15eboC&pg=PA166}}
* {{citation |last=Raghavan |first=Srinath |date=2010 |title=War and Peace in Modern India: A Strategic History of the Nehru Years |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-00737-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EbtBJb1bsHUC&pg=PA101}}
* {{citation |last1=Roberts |first1=Adam |last2=Welsh |first2=Jennifer |title=The United Nations Security Council and War: The Evolution of Thought and Practice Since 1945 |year=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-958330-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SiYUDAAAQBAJ}}
* {{citation |last=Schaffer |first=Howard B. |title=The Limits of Influence: America's Role in Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kyYOWdA5PNkC |date=2009 |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |isbn=978-0-8157-0370-9}}
* {{citation |last=Subbiah |first=Sumathi |title=Security Council Mediation and the Kashmir Dispute: Reflections on Its Failures and Possibilities for Renewal |journal=Boston College International and Comparative Law Review |volume=27 |number=1 |year=2004 |url=http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/iclr/vol27/iss1/8 |pages=173–185}}
* {{citation |author=UNCIP |title=First Interim Report of the UNCIP (S/1100) |date=22 November 1948 |publisher=United Nations Digital Library |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/473732/files/S_1100-EN.pdf |access-date=10 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002100821/http://www.hpcrresearch.org/mrf-database/pdf/uncip-interim-report.pdf |archive-date=2 October 2016 |via=hpcrresearch.org and archive.org |url-status=live}}
* {{citation |author=UNCIP |title= Second Interim Report of the UNCIP (S/1196) |date=10 January 1949a |publisher=United Nations Digital Library |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/633189/files/S_1196-EN.pdf |access-date=10 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725162355/https://www.hpcrresearch.org/mrf-database/pdf/second-interim-report.pdf |archive-date=25 July 2021 |via=hpcrresearch.org and archive.org |url-status=live}}
* {{citation |author=UNCIP |title= Third Interim Report of the UNCIP (S/1430) |date=9 December 1949b |publisher=United Nations Digital Library |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/472273/files/S_1430-EN.pdf |access-date=10 August 2019 }}

==External links==
* Records of [https://search.archives.un.org/united-nations-commission-for-india-and-pakistan-uncip-1948-1950 the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP) (1948-1950)] at the United Nations Archives

* {{wikisource-inline}}
* [https://undocs.org/S/RES/47(1948) Text of Resolution at undocs.org]
* [https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/471051/files/S_995-EN.pdf S/995: UNCIP Resolution of 13 August 1948], United Nations Digital Library, retrieved 10 August 2019.
* [https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1949v06/d1171 The Secretary of State to the Embassy of India, 26 March 1949], ''Foreign Relations of the United States, 1949, The Near East, South Asia, and Africa, Volume VI'', US Department of State.
* [http://www.pakun.org/kashmir/history.php Pakistani perspective on the UN resolution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808131204/http://www.pakun.org/kashmir/history.php |date=8 August 2019 }}, Pakistan Mission to the United Nations.

{{UNSCR 1948}}

[[Category:Diplomacy regarding the Kashmir conflict]]
[[Category:United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning the Kashmir conflict| 0047]]
[[Category:April 1948]]
[[Category:1948 United Nations Security Council resolutions| 0047]]

Bankim Puraskar

2025-08-02T11:51:50Z

Piniteinfra: Started new post.

{{Short description|Award for Bengali literature, given by the Government of West Bengal}}
'''Bankim Puraskar''' ({{langx|bn|বঙ্কিম পুরস্কার}}, Bankim Memorial Award) is the highest award given by the Government of [[West Bengal]] for contribution to Bengali fiction. The award was instituted in 1975 in memory of [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]], a famous Bengali novelist of the 19th century. It has been brought under the aegis of [[Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi]], functioning under the Department of Information & Cultural Affairs, in 2003. The award is handed over by the Chief Minister of [[West Bengal]].

==Awardees==
*1975 – [[Prabodh Chandra Sen]]<ref>Pandey, S. N., [https://books.google.com/books?id=G0F6QKfiktQC&dq=bankim+puraskar&pg=PA67 West Bengal General Knowledge Digest]</ref>
*1982 – [[Gour Kishore Ghosh]]<ref>{{cite web |author=PUCL |url=http://www.pucl.org/reports/WestBengal/2001/ghosh.htm |title=Obituary: Gour kishore Ghosh,. A civil Liberties activist |publisher=Pucl.org |date=2000-12-15 |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716233017/http://pucl.org/reports/WestBengal/2001/ghosh.htm |archive-date=2016-07-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*1983 – [[Sunil Gangopadhyay]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sunilgangopadhyay.org/awards1.html |title=Welcome To The World Of Sunil Gangopadhyay |publisher=Sunilgangopadhyay.org |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831234821/http://www.sunilgangopadhyay.org/awards1.html |archive-date=2012-08-31 |url-status=dead }}</ref> – ''Sei Samay'' (novel, 2 volumes)
*1984 – [[Sushil Jana]]<ref
name="who">Dutt, Kartik Chandra, [https://books.google.com/books?id=QA1V7sICaIwC&q=Sarat+Kumar+Mukhopadhyay Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M], [[Sahitya Akademi]], 1999</ref>
*1985 – [[Prafulla Roy]] – ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304173738/http://discountpandit.com/products/bangalore/books/akasera-nice-manusha-mta4mdi=.html Akasher Neeche Manush]'' (novel)
*1986 – [[Amiya Bhūşhan Majumdār|Amiya Bhushan Majumdar]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parabaas.com/bookstore/novels.html |title=The Parabaas BookStore: Sharodiya and Other Bangla Magazines; অনলাইন বাংলা বই |publisher=Parabaas.com |date= |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-date=2012-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831024300/http://www.parabaas.com/bookstore/novels.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> – ''Rajnagar'' (novel)
*1987 – [[Amalendu Chakraborty]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Priyadarsee Chakraborty |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/noted-bangla-author-dies-at-75/477172/ |title=Noted Bangla author dies at 75 |publisher=Indian Express |date=2009-07-02 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref> – ''Jabajjiban'' (novel)
*1988 – [[Sachindranath Bandyopadhyay]]<ref
name="who"/>
*1990 – [[Dibyendu Palit]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://clickforboi.in/authorinfo/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%20%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4/ |title=Click for বই: Author Info - দিব্যেন্দু পালিত |access-date=2012-08-07 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217232356/http://clickforboi.in/authorinfo/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%20%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4/ |archive-date=2013-02-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*1991 – [[Kamal Kumar Majumdar]]<ref>[http://www.dainikdestiny.com/index.php?view=details&type=main&cat_id=1&menu_id=57&pub_no=67&news_type_id=1&index=1&archiev=yes&arch_date=15-01-2010 কমলকুমার মজুমদার: স্বকীয় ধারার কথাশিল্পী] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117102425/http://www.dainikdestiny.com/index.php?view=details&type=main&cat_id=1&menu_id=57&pub_no=67&news_type_id=1&index=1&archiev=yes&arch_date=15-01-2010 |date=2023-01-17 }}, Dainik Destiny, January 15, 2010</ref> – ''Galpasamagra'' (complete stories) (posthumous)
*1992 – [[Abhijit Sen (writer)|Abhijit Sen]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Nilesh Pancholi |url=http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=180 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118011323/http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=180 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-18 |title=Buy Bengali Books Online - Sell Bengali Books Copyright |publisher=Bengali Books Online |accessdate=2012-09-22 }}</ref> – ''Rahu Chandaler Harh''<ref>Sen, Abhijit, [http://www.samakal.com.bd/details.php?news=29&view=archiev&y=2010&m=12&d=17&action=main&option=all&menu_type=&pub_no=545&type= বালুরঘাট — সময়ের বালুবেলা] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610112319/http://www.samakal.com.bd/details.php?news=29&view=archiev&y=2010&m=12&d=17&action=main&option=all&menu_type=&pub_no=545&type= |date=2015-06-10 }}, Samakal, December 17, 2010</ref> (novel)
*1993 – [[Mani Shankar Mukherjee|Shankar]] (Mani Shankar Mukhopadhyay) – Gharer Madhye Ghar
*1994 – [[Syed Mustafa Siraj]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Nilesh Pancholi |url=http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=248 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130117203514/http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=248 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-17 |title=Buy Bengali Books Online - Sell Bengali Books Copyright |publisher=Bengali Books Online |accessdate=2012-09-22 }}</ref> – ''Aleek Manush'' (novel)
*1995 – Manjush Dasgupta,<ref
name="who"/> [[Sandipan Chattopadhyay]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://clickforboi.in/authorinfo/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%20%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F/ |title=Click for বই: Author Info: সন্দীপন চট্টোপাধ্যায় |access-date=2014-06-13 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140613203745/http://clickforboi.in/authorinfo/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%20%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F/ |archive-date=2014-06-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*1996 – [[Nabarun Bhattacharya]] – ''Harbart'' (novel)<ref>{{cite web|author=Nabarun Bhattacharya |url=http://www.goodreads.com/award/show/9428-bankim-puraskar |title=Bankim Puraskar Winners |publisher=Goodreads.com |date= |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref> (award returned in 2007 in protest against the [[Nandigram violence]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-160706542/nabarun-bhattacharya-return-bankim.html |title=Article: Nabarun Bhattacharya to return Bankim Puraskar. | AccessMyLibrary - Promoting library advocacy |publisher=AccessMyLibrary |date=2007-03-18 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year_2007/April/outrage_protest.html |title=Outrage and Protest |publisher=Cpiml.org |date=2007-03-26 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref>
*1998 – [[Atin Bandyopadhyay]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.calcuttayellowpages.com/adver/107660.html |title=Atin Bandayopadhyay |publisher=Calcuttayellowpages.com |date= |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref> – ''Dui Bharatbarsha'' (novel)
* ... ... . – [[Bani Basu]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.calcuttayellowpages.com/adver/107696.html |title=Bani Basu |publisher=Calcuttayellowpages.com |date=1939-03-11 |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shibpurinternational.com/sublink/Personalities/html/Bani%20Basu.html |title=Bani Basu |publisher=Shibpurinternational.com |date=2011-02-09 |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728083442/http://www.shibpurinternational.com/sublink/Personalities/html/Bani%20Basu.html |archive-date=2013-07-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=706202 |title=Bengali Writer Shortlisted for Sahitya Akademi Award |publisher=news.outlookindia.com |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131082940/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=706202 |archive-date=2013-01-31 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*2000 – [[Narayan Sanyal]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Pranesh Biswas Civil |url=http://www.becollege.org/news/news_item.asp?NewsID=135 |title=Global Alumni Association of Bengal Engineering & Science University, Shibpur, India |publisher=Becollege.org |date= |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-date=2007-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003326/http://www.becollege.org/news/news_item.asp?NewsID=135 |url-status=dead }}</ref> – ''Rupamanjari'' (3 volumes) (historical novel)
*2001 – [[Samir Rakshit]] ''Dukher Akhyan'' (novel),
*2001 – [[Amar Mitra (writer)|Amar Mitra]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Nilesh Pancholi |url=http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=194 |title=Buy Bengali Books Online - Sell Bengali Books Copyright |publisher=Bengali Books Online |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201080941/http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=194 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> – ''[[Ashwacharit]]''<ref>[https://sites.google.com/site/alasadupura/phicarada-poyeta/kibhabebalabakaraoparagalpaupanyaserahayeothabanaothanirbharasilakathasahityikaamaramitrerasatheanalainaalapa অলস দুপুর: কিভাবে বলব তার ওপর গল্প, উপন্যাসের হয়ে ওঠা বা না ওঠা নির্ভরশীল: কথাসাহিত্যিক অমর মিত্রের সাথে অনলাইন আলাপ]</ref> (novel)
*2002<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-09-23/news-interviews/27304778_1_award-sunil-jana-literature |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103085611/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-09-23/news-interviews/27304778_1_award-sunil-jana-literature |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-03 |title='Bankim,' 'Vidyasagar' awards for 2002 announced |date=2002-09-23 |work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref> – Chitta Ghoshal – ''Nirbachita Galpo'' volume 2 (selected stories)
* 2002 . – [[Tapan Bandyopadhyay]] – ''Nadi, Mati, Aranya'' (3 volumes)
*2004 – Bhagirath Mishra – Mrigaya
*2005 – Sadhan Chattopadhyay<ref>{{cite web |author=Nilesh Pancholi |url=http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=437 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130117185013/http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=437 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-17 |title=Buy Bengali Books Online - Sell Bengali Books Copyright |publisher=Bengali Books Online |accessdate=2012-09-22 }}</ref>
* ... ... . – [[Nabendu Ghosh]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://clickforboi.in/bookdetail/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2.html |title=Click for বই: চাঁদ দেখেছিল by নবেন্দু ঘোষ |access-date=2012-08-08 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130218004230/http://clickforboi.in/bookdetail/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2.html |archive-date=2013-02-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> – ''Chand Dekhechhilo'' (novel)
* ... ... . – [[Swapnamoy Chakraborty]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.galpopath.com/p/blog-page_2.html|title = লেখক পরিচিতি}}</ref> – ''Abantinagar'' (novel)
*2006 – [[Ramkumar Mukhopadhyay]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Ramkumar Mukhapadhyay |url=http://www.mitraandghosh.co.in|title=Dukha keora |publisher=Mitra and Ghose |date=2014-05-16}}</ref>
*2007 – [[Jhareswar Chattopadhyay]] – Sohish
*2008 – Kinnar Roy – Mrittukushum, [[Nalini Bera]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Nilesh Pancholi |url=http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=291 |title=Buy Bengali Books Online - Sell Bengali Books Copyright |publisher=Bengali Books Online |accessdate=2012-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224113206/http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=291 |archive-date=2018-02-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*2010 – [[Afsar Ahmed ]] – Hire Bhikharini O Sundori Ramoni Kissa
*2010 – [[Anil Ghorai]] – ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045416/http://discountpandit.com/products/Bangalore/books/Ananta-Draghima-MTEzODI=.html Ananta Draghima]'' (Study on the use of colors in the works and paintings of [[Rabindranath Tagore]])
*2011 – [[Rabisankar Bal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://banglasahityasahityasangbad.blogspot.in/2011/12/blog-post.html#!/2011/12/blog-post.html |title=বাংলা সাহিত্য: বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র স্মৃতি পুরস্কার পেলেন রবিশংকর বল |publisher=Banglasahityasahityasangbad.blogspot.in |date= |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref> – ''[[Dozakhnama]]'' (novel)
*2012 – [[Kaurab|Kamal Chakraborty]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wb.gov.in/BanglarMukh/Download?FilePath=/alfresco/d/d/workspace/SpacesStore/af47e72c-637e-4adc-a73a-f0ad319053bf/Jun_12_12.pdf |title=State observes Nazrul birth anniversary, foundation stone of Nazrul Study Centre unveiled |publisher=Wb.gov.in |accessdate=2012-10-01 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*2014 – Ramanath Roy<ref>[http://www.aajkaal.net/27-05-2014/news/221566/ নজরুল তীর্থের নাম মানুষের মুখে মুখে ঘুরবে: মমতা] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531040606/http://www.aajkaal.net/27-05-2014/news/221566/ |date=2014-05-31 }}, [[Aajkaal]], May 27, 2014</ref><ref>[http://eisamay.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/mamata-banerjee-inaugurates-nazrul-teertha-at-newtown-kolkata/articleshow/35623416.cms নজরুল তীর্থ দুই বাংলার সম্পর্ককে সুদৃঢ় করবে, বললেন মমতা] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724031244/http://eisamay.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/mamata-banerjee-inaugurates-nazrul-teertha-at-newtown-kolkata/articleshow/35623416.cms |date=2014-07-24 }}, [[Ei Samay Sangbadpatra]], June 13, 2014</ref>
*2015 – Gautam Basu – ''Bengali Poetry''
*2016 – [[Abul Bashar]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi (PBBA) |url=https://pbba.wbicad.in/awards.php#:~:text=Subrata%20Sengupta-,Bankimchandra%20Smriti%20Puraskar%20for%20Bengali%20Prose%20Fiction%20Literature%20for%20the,and%20novel%20writings%20in%20Bengali. |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=pbba.wbicad.in}}</ref>

*2017 – Balaram Basak<ref name=":0" />
*2018 – Subrata Sengupta
*2022 – [[Harsha Dutta]] for Bengali Prose Fiction Literature<ref name=":0" />
* 2023 – [[Jayanta Dey]] ''Annapurna'' (novel)<ref>https://www.deyspublishing.com/public/index.php/product/annapurna-m4fvn{{dead link|date=March 2025}}</ref>
* 2025 – Sanmatrananda<ref>{{Cite web |last=SNS |date=2025-04-15 |title=বাংলা দিবসে নববর্ষ বরণ ও বিশিষ্টদের আকাদেমি পুরস্কার প্রদান অনুষ্ঠান |url=https://www.dainikstatesmannews.com/bengal/new-years-greetings-and-awards-ceremony-for-distinguished-guests-on-bangla-day/125983 |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=Dainik Statesman |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=18th April 2025 Current Affairs in Bengali {{!}} ১৮ই এপ্রিল ২০২৫ কারেন্ট অ্যাফেয়ার্স |url=https://www.kolom.in/2025/04/18th-april-2025-current-affairs-in-bengali.html |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=কলম : কখনো থেমে থাকেনা}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Rabindra Puraskar]]
*[[Ananda Puraskar]]
*[[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Bengali]]
*[[Bangla Academy Award]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Bengali-language literature]]
[[Category:Indian literary awards]]
[[Category:Bengali literary awards]]
[[Category:Civil awards and decorations of West Bengal]]

Mahendra Bhandari

2025-07-31T16:06:46Z

Piniteinfra: Stub - done

{{Short description|Indian surgeon}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP primary sources|article|date=January 2018}}
{{BLP sources|date=December 2016}}
{{Cleanup press release|date=November 2019}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mahendra Bhandari
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1945|12|24}}
| image = Bhandari_Mahendra_6529.jpg
| alma_mater = [[Sawai Man Singh Medical College]]
| occupation = Urologist and Senior Bio-Scientist and Director of Robotic Surgery Research & Education at the [[Vattikuti Urology Institute]] at the [[Henry Ford Hospital]] in [[Detroit, MI]]
| spouse = Sushma Bhandari
| children = [[Dr. Akshay Bhandari]]
| nationality =
}}

'''Mahendra Bhandari''' (born 24 December 1945){{Citation needed|date=January 2025|reason=BLP}} is an Indian surgeon who has made substantial contributions to the specialty of [[urology]], medical training, hospital administration, robotic surgery and [[medical ethics]]. For his efforts, he was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] by the government of India in 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Name=Mahendra%20Bhandari|title=Padma Awards | Interactive Dashboard|access-date=8 February 2018|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213842/http://www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Name=Mahendra%20Bhandari|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Padmashri>{{cite web |url=http://www.organiser.org/16apr2000/cyclone.html |title=Bhandari a Padma Shri winner |access-date=13 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717035044/http://www.organiser.org/16apr2000/cyclone.html |archive-date=17 July 2009 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Bhandari is currently Senior Bio-scientist and Director of Robotic Surgery Research & Education at the [[Vattikuti Urology Institute]] (VUI) in [[Detroit, MI]].<ref name=VUI>[http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=38441&action=detail&ref=4064 Mahendra Bhandari - The Vattikuti Urology Institute] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090526003141/http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=38441&action=detail&ref=4064 |date=2009-05-26 }}</ref> He was the Symposium coordinator of the [[International Robotic Urology Symposium]]. He also has been the CEO of the Vattikuti Foundation since 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vfrsi.vattikutifoundation.com/vf-fellowships-1-23-2017 |title=Vattikuti Fellowships Applications Open! |access-date=29 January 2018 |archive-date=30 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130091301/https://vfrsi.vattikutifoundation.com/vf-fellowships-1-23-2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Academic career ==

A medical graduate of [[Rajasthan University]], Bhandari completed his urology residency at Christian Medical College, Vellore, [[India]]. Beginning his academic career as a lecturer at the [[Sawai Man Singh Medical College]] and Hospital in [[Jaipur]], Bhandari would eventually rise to become the Head of the Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation at the [[Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences]] (SGPGIMS) in [[Lucknow]], India. He was the Vice Chancellor of [[King George's Medical University|King George's Medical University, Lucknow]]. Here, Bhandari mentored urologic surgeons who have since assumed leadership posts in medical institutions in India and around the world. He is the founder of the Center of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance in Lucknow, India and is currently enlisted as an honorary professor.<ref name=cbmr>[http://cbmrlucknow.brinkster.net/honorprofs.html Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130221202435/http://cbmrlucknow.brinkster.net/honorprofs.html |date=2013-02-21 }}</ref>

Bhandari's eclectic interests include [[kidney transplantation]], [[stone disease]], and [[urethroplasty]].<ref name=Bhandariresearch>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230908012335/http://www.biomedexperts.com/Profile.aspx?n=Mahendra_Bhandari&auid=116169 Bhandari Research Profile]</ref> Bhandari's research would substantially improve the management of urethral strictures, the narrowing of the [[urethra]], caused by either injury or infection. Bhandari also established the [[Indian Journal of Urology]] in 1984, an open-access and widely read source of literature.<ref name="IJU">[http://www.indianjurol.com/aboutus.asp Indian Journal of Urology]; http://www.indianjurol.com/editorialboard.asp</ref>

In April 2008, Bhandari completed a graduate bio-statistic course at the Faculty of Arts and Science at [[Harvard University]] alongside two of his most promising associates. Dr. Bhandari received his Masters in Business Administration at the [[Ross School of Business]] at the [[University of Michigan]] in [[Ann Arbor]] on 30 April 2010. He also earned a certificate in a course conducted by Prof. John B. Taylor: Principles of Economics from Stanford University 19 September 2017, (With Distinction).<ref>https://verify.lagunita.stanford.edu/SOA/eac42144ffe845a595d52699a23f122b/ {{Dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref>

==Administration==

Upon promotion to Director and lead administrator of the Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS) in Lucknow, Bhandari began a long, productive, and colorful administrative career, including the post of Vice Chancellor at Lucknow Medical University.<ref>Kekre NS. Training of a urology resident. Indian J Urol 2009;25:153</ref> Despite severe resistance from entrenched interests and the general bureaucratic nature of government of India, Bhandari played a key role in advancing India's medical training as the country entered the 21st century.

Serving on the boards of multiple journals and as the president of several medical societies,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://usi.org.in/New/Archives.html#04 |title=Official website of Urological Society of India |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=15 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215211534/http://usi.org.in/New/Archives.html#04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bhandari exerted vast influence on the practice and teaching of medicine, especially the development of residency programs for the specialty of urology. After a successful span at the SGPGIMS, he was named director and became the first Vice-Chancellor of Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj Medical University (now King George's Medical University) in Lucknow, India in 2003.<ref name=cbmr/><ref name=KGMU>[http://www.kgmcindia.edu/history.htm History of KGMU] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526233701/http://www.kgmcindia.edu/history.htm |date=2008-05-26 }}</ref> His leadership also included a founding role in the production of medvarsity.com, an online portal for medical education.<ref name=medvarsity>[http://www.financialexpress.com/old/fe/daily/20001010/efe10006.html Creation of MedVarsity] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130123005604/http://www.financialexpress.com/old/fe/daily/20001010/efe10006.html |date=2013-01-23 }}</ref>

[[File:Bhandari Operates.JPG|thumb|Bhandari Operating in Malaysia.]]

==Medical Ethics Activism==

Bhandari's interest in renal transplantation sparked an active role in creating regulations for safe donor practices while addressing gender and economic inequality in access to care. In 2004, Bhandari was a member of the select Vancouver forum that created a definitive statement for ethical live lung, liver, pancreas, and intestinal organ donation.<ref name=Vancouver>[http://www.livingdonorassistance.org/documents/Ethics%20Statement%20of%20Vancouver%20Forum.pdf Vancouver Ethics Forum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727035243/http://www.livingdonorassistance.org/documents/Ethics%20Statement%20of%20Vancouver%20Forum.pdf |date=2011-07-27 }}</ref>

==Vattikuti Urology Institute==

Bhandari made his move to [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]] to join [[Dr. Mani Menon]] and his team of robotic surgeons at the [[Vattikuti Urology Institute]] (VUI) in 2005, to aid them in advancing methods to treat [[prostate cancer]] and other urology procedures robotically. At the VUI, Bhandari has focused on developing the clinical research program and improving the use of biostatistics in medical research. He is also actively promoting the development of robotic surgery in Indian urology.<ref name=RoboticSurgeryIndia>[http://span.state.gov/wwwhspnovdec0638.html Robotic Surgery in India ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205000726/http://span.state.gov/wwwhspnovdec0638.html |date=2009-02-05 }}</ref> He was part of the VUI-Medanta team which developed the Robotic Kidney Transplant With Regional Hypothermia, a new means of cooling a donor kidney- before insertion into the recipient- and during the transplant (anastomosis) process itself inside the body.<ref>{{cite journal| pmc=4431703 | pmid=26000230 | doi=10.1007/s40472-015-0051-z | volume=2 | title=Robotic-assisted Kidney Transplantation: Our Experience and Literature Review | year=2015 | journal=Curr Transplant Rep | pages=122–126 | last1 = Tzvetanov | first1 = I | last2 = D'Amico | first2 = G | last3 = Benedetti | first3 = E| issue=2 }}</ref>

==Vattikuti Foundation==
In 2010, Dr. Bhandari was appointed CEO of the Vattikuti Foundation. Some of his accomplishments include:
November, 2011: Launching the "Vattikuti Road Show," a tour of major Indian cities promoting the benefits of robotic surgery to surgeons, hospitals and the public.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vfrsi.vattikutifoundation.com/the-road-to-the-future|title=The Road to the Future}}</ref> 2012 & 2015 sponsoring the Vattikuti Global Robotics Multispecialty Robotic Surgery Conferences.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vfrsi.vattikutifoundation.com/vgr-2012-an-unqualified-success|title=VGR 2012 an Unqualified Success}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/vattikuti-global-robotics-2015-conference-ushers-a-new-era-of-innovation/46089523 | title=Vattikuti Global Robotics 2015 Conferenceushers a new era of innovation | date=2 February 2015 | newspaper=Economic Times | access-date=18 October 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pharmabiz.com/NewsDetails.aspx?aid=86483&sid=2|title=Delhi hosts Vattikuti Global Robotics 2015 confrence [sic]|access-date=8 February 2018|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908012531/http://www.pharmabiz.com/NewsDetails.aspx?aid=86483&sid=2|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2014, Indian robotic surgeons gathered in what was one of the first meetings of the Vattikuti Foundation sponsored 'Robotic Surgeons Council of India.' Dr. Robert Cerfolio was the guest International Faculty, speaking to a large audience.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vfrsi.vattikutifoundation.com/new-advances-in-robotic-surgery-are-announced-at-the-robotic-surgeons-council-of-india-meeting|title=New Advances in Robotic Surgery Are Announced at the Robotic Surgeons Council of India Meeting}}</ref> The group continues to meet bi-annually, holding academic discussions and sharing robotic surgery knowledge. The most recent meeting hosted over 200 members.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vfrsi.vattikutifoundation.com/rsc-mb-opening-remarks|title=Robotic Surgeons Council of India: Dr. Mahendra Bhandari Opening Remarks}}</ref> The Vattikuti Collective Quality Initiative (VCQI) is a prospective robotic surgery database established by the Vattikuti Foundation to provide trustworthy material for researchers to study surgeon and patient outcomes.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318734608 |doi=10.1111/bju.13967|title='Trifecta' outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy in solitary kidney: A Vattikuti Collective Quality Initiative (VCQI) database analysis |year=2018 |last1=Arora |first1=Sohrab |last2=Abaza |first2=Ronney |last3=Adshead |first3=James M. |last4=Ahlawat |first4=Rajesh K. |last5=Challacombe |first5=Benjamin J. |last6=Dasgupta |first6=Prokar |last7=Gandaglia |first7=Giorgio |last8=Moon |first8=Daniel A. |last9=Yuvaraja |first9=Thyavihally B. |last10=Capitanio |first10=Umberto |last11=Larcher |first11=Alessandro |last12=Porpiglia |first12=Francesco |last13=Porter |first13=James R. |last14=Mottrie |first14=Alexander |last15=Bhandari |first15=Mahendra |last16=Rogers |first16=Craig |journal=BJU International |volume=121 |issue=1 |pages=119–123 |pmid=28749068 |s2cid=4115983 |hdl=11343/293327 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Several Vattikuti Foundation partner institutions have been established around the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vfrsi.vattikutifoundation.com/network-institution|title=Network Institutions}}</ref> Indian news media have reported that there are 60 'da Vinci Surgical Systems' in use in India, with 360 surgeons using them as of January, 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newkerala.com/news/fullnews-314041.html |title=da Vinci Surgical Robot to be a star attraction for AICOG 2018 attendees |date=2018 |website=newkerala.com}}</ref> The Vattikuti Foundation also has Scholarship and Fellowship programs to guide and help train young Indian surgeons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vfrsi.vattikutifoundation.com/vattikuti-scholarships-apply-now|title = Vattikuti Scholarships Application Deadline Nears}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://vfrsi.vattikutifoundation.com/vf-fellowships-1-23-2017|title = Vattikuti Fellowships Applications Extended!}}</ref>

== Honours and awards ==
# Padma Shri, Government of India, 2000 [[List of Padma Shri award recipients (2000–2009)]][[File:MB.SI.display.jpg|thumb|Photo of part of a current display in the Smithsonian National Museum of American History 'Many Voices, One Nation' exhibit containing the personal visa belonging to Dr. Mahendra Bhandari.]]
# Dr. B. C. Roy Award, 1995<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kgmu.org/awards_bc.php |title=BC Roy Award |website=[[King George's Medical University]]}}</ref>
# President's Gold Medal, Urological Society of India,
# Urology Gold Medal, Urological Society of India, USICON 2006
# Dr. Pinamanneni Gold Medal, Urological Society of India
# Dr. Himadari Sarkar Memorial Orator, Urological Society of India<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usi.org.in/ |title=Urological Society of India – Official Website |publisher=Usi.org.in |date= |accessdate=2022-06-04}}</ref>
# Col. Sangam Lal Oration, National Academy of Medical Sciences of India
# Indian American Urological Association President Award, 2014 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iauanet.org/awardsscholars/awards |title=IAUA Awards |website=Indian American Urological Association}}</ref>

==Recognition==
1 Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History 'Many Voices, One Nation' exhibit, display of professional visa, website mention, 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/many-voices-exhibition/new-americans-continuing-debates-1965%E2%80%932000/transnational-lives/working-across |title=Working Across Nations | National Museum of American History |publisher=Americanhistory.si.edu |date=2012-12-17 |accessdate=2022-06-04}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*{{PubMedAuthorSearch|Mahendra|B}}

{{Commons category}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhandari, Mahendra}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:University of Rajasthan alumni]]
[[Category:Indian urologists]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Ross School of Business alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian surgeons]]
[[Category:Sawai Man Singh Medical College alumni]]

Velayudhan Panikkassery

2025-07-31T13:53:50Z

Piniteinfra:

{{Short description|Indian historian (1930–2024)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox Writer 
| name = Velayudhan Panikkassery
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1930|03|30}}
| birth_place = [[Engandiyur]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2024|09|20|1930|03|30}}
| death_place = [[Engandiyur]], [[Thrissur district]], Kerala, India
| occupation = Historian
| nationality = Indian
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre = [[History]], [[History of Kerala]]
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks =
| children = 3
| relatives =
| influences =
| influence =
| awards = [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Overall Contributions]]
}}

'''Velayudhan Panikkassery''' (30 March 1930 – 20 September 2024) was an Indian historian from [[Kerala]]. He has written 66 books, most of which describe the history of Kerala. He received many awards, including [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Overall Contributions]].

==Biography==
Velayudhan Panikassery was born on 30 March 1934, as the son of Panikassery Mamu and Kalikutty at [[Engandiyur]], [[Thrissur district]].<ref name="Mathrubhumi">{{cite news |title=ചരിത്രകാരൻ വേലായുധൻ പണിക്കശ്ശേരി അന്തരിച്ചു |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/historian-velayudhan-panikassery-passes-away-1.9915643 |newspaper=[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=20 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Janmabhumi">{{cite news |last1=Online |first1=Janmabhumi |title=ചരിത്രഗവേഷകനും എഴുത്തുകാരനുമായ വേലായുധൻ പണിക്കശ്ശേരി വിടവാങ്ങി |url=https://janmabhumi.in/2024/09/20/3270304/news/kerala/hiistorian-and-writer-velayudhan-panikkassery-dies/ |work=[[Janmabhumi]] |date=20 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="madhyamam">{{cite news |last1=ലേഖകൻ |first1=സ്വന്തം |title=പ്രായത്തെ തോൽപ്പിച്ച ചരിത്രാന്വേഷണം {{!}} Velayudhan Panikkassery Books {{!}} Madhyamam |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/kerala/velayudhan-panikkassery-life-and-books-1331670 |work=www.madhyamam.com |date=20 September 2024 |language=ml}}</ref>

He and his wife, retired teacher V.K. Leela, have three children, Shaji, Chinta, and Veena.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> Velayudhan Panikkassery died on 20 September 2024, at the age of 94, at Engandiyur in [[Thrissur district]].<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |title=Historian Velayudhan Panikkassery dead |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/historian-velayudhan-panikkassery-dead/article68664914.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=20 September 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Career==
Panikassery joined the Engandiyoor Branch Library of the Malabar Local Library Authority as a librarian in 1956 and retired from there in 1991.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/>

He served as the vice president and secretary of the administrative committee of the [[Sahithya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society]].<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> He also served as the chairman of the Engandiyur Deendayal Trust and the manager of Saraswati Vidyaniketan Central School.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/>

==Contributions==
Panikassery has written 66 books describing the history of Kerala and its foreign invasions.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> Panikassery has also received a fellowship from the Central Department of Culture to conduct research on ancient Kerala's foreign relations and the influence of foreigners on Kerala art and culture.<ref name="Hindu"/> In 1963, his book 'Keranlam Pathinanjum Pathinarum Noottandukalil', which chronicles the history of Kerala in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, became a textbook at the [[University of Kerala]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news |title=വിദേശ രാജ്യങ്ങളിലായിരുന്നുവെങ്കിൽ വേലായുധൻ പണിക്കശ്ശേരിയെ തേടിവരുമായിരുന്ന ഡോക്ടറേറ്റുകൾ! |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/literature/features/ajeesh-g-dathan-pays-homage-to-historian-velayudhan-panikkassery-1.9915930 |work=Mathrubhumi |date=20 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Including this, 12 of his books are now textbooks in various government universities in Kerala.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> Some of his works have also been translated into [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Hindi]] languages.<ref name="Hindu"/>

He has repeatedly mentioned that the old coins in his father's collection, who was a merchant, his extensive reading, and his friendship with [[Kesari Balakrishna Pillai|Kesari A. Balakrishna Pillai]] from his school days, all of these led him to write history.<ref name=":0" /> An article by Panikassery was first printed in 1955, which was a short biography of [[Thakazhi Sivashankara Pillai]], published in the Pune Malayali Special Edition.<ref name=":0" /> He had initially written two columns in the [[Janayugom|Janayugam weekly]], which were short biography of Malayalam writers. These articles were later collected under the title 'Karoor Muthal Kovilan Vare [From Karoor to Kovilan]'.<ref name=":0" />

Velayudhan Panikassery had researched and discovered deeply the history of [[South India]], especially the history of the Deccan region.<ref name="Kesari Weekly">{{cite web |last1=Haridas |first1=Harikrishnan |title=എഴുതിത്തീരാത്ത ചരിത്രാന്വേഷി |url=https://kesariweekly.com/44929/ |website=Kesari Weekly |language=ml-IN |date=3 October 2024}}</ref> He researched and discovered how the Tamil language and culture, which had existed since ancient, Vedic times, had deeply influenced the social life of South India.<ref name="Kesari Weekly"/>

He has also written books on biographies, children's literature and folklore.<ref name="Hindu"/> He also published a magazine called 'Taliola'.<ref name="Janmabhumi"/> His last published book was about the history of Chettuva, titled 'Charithram urangunna Chettuvayum Chettuva Parikuttyum'.<ref name="madhyamam"/>

==Notable books==
*{{cite book |title=Keralacharithram: Kerala Samsthana Roopeekaranam Vare |date=2023 |publisher=[[DC Books]] |isbn=9789357320351 |language=ml|trans-title=History of Kerala up to the formation of Modern Kerala State}}
*{{cite book |title=Samskarangalum Samrajyangalum Kalaghattangaliloote |date=2016 |publisher=[[DC Books]] |isbn=9788124020777}}, a book that simply describes the history of life, from the origin of living things and the evolution of man to the present day.
*{{cite book |title=Sindhu Nadeethadasamsklaravum Pracheena Bharathile Sarvakalashalakalum |date=2023 |publisher=NBS (National Book Stall) |isbn=9788119144792|trans-title=Indus Valley Civilization and Universities in Ancient India}}
*{{cite book |title=Kerala Charitram Thiruthikkuricha Mahasambhavangal |date=2020 |publisher=[[DC Books]] |isbn=9789353902827|trans-title=Events that changed the history of Kerala}} A book that tells the main events that changed the history of Kerala.
*{{cite book |title=Nalanda Thakshasila |date=2016 |publisher=DC Books |isbn=9788124020647}}. A book on Universities in Ancient India.
*{{cite book |title=Sancharikal kanda Keralam |date=2017 |publisher=DC Books |isbn=9788124010532|trans-title=Kerala, as seen by the travellers}} The content of this book is the accounts of fifty-two prominent travelers who visited Kerala from the fourth century BC to recent times.
*{{cite book |title=Pracheena Keralathinte Vanigya Bandhangal |date=2018 |publisher=DC Books |isbn=9789352823918|trans-title=Trade relations of ancient Kerala}}
*{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQNBPgAACAAJ |title=Kerala Charithra Padanangal |date=2007 |publisher=DC Books |isbn=978-81-240-0584-2 |language=ml |trans-title=Studies of Kerala History}}
*{{Cite book |title=Anayatha Deepangal |date=2013 |publisher=DC Books |isbn=9788124019412}} This book introduces ten great personalities who have achieved success in different fields.
*{{Cite book |title=Keralam 600 Kollam Munp |publisher=DC Books |year=2017 |isbn=9788124004937 |language=ml|trans-title=Kerala, 600 years back}}
*{{Cite book |title=Keralolpathy |publisher=DC Books |year=2018 |isbn=978-8124018200 |trans-title=Origin of Kerala}}
*{{Cite book |title=Arattupuzha Velayudha Panicker |publisher=Current Books |year=2018 |isbn=9788124020982}} Biography of [[Arattupuzha Velayudha Panicker]].
*{{Cite book |title=Ayyankali Muthal VT Vare |publisher=DC Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-8124013014|trans-title=From Ayyankali to VT}} A work that introduces a few renaissance leaders who fought against the social mores that prevailed in Kerala in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
*{{Cite book |title=Ibnu Bathutha Kanda Keralam |publisher=DC Books |year=2015 |isbn=978-8124018750 |language=ml |trans-title=Kerala as seen by Ibn Battuta}}

==Awards and honors==
He received awards [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Overall Contributions]], the Center for Historical Studies Award, V.S. Keraliyan Award, P.A. Seythumuhammed Memorial Award, N.K. Foundation Award and Sree Narayana Guru Award 2013 from Sree Narayna Sahithya Parishath (SNSP).<ref name="Hindu"/><ref>{{Cite news |title=SNSP award goes to V D Satheesan |url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/article/pti-stories/snsp-award-goes-to-v-d-satheesan-114061600917_1.html}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panikkassery, Velayudhan}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Historians of India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]

Pleistacantha kannu

2025-07-05T06:52:26Z

Piniteinfra: put up new details

{{Short description|Species of crab}}

{{Speciesbox
| image = Pleistacantha kannu (10.3897-zookeys.716.21349) Figure 1.jpg
| image_caption = A. large male specimen, B. female specimen, both collected from the Bay of Bengal
| genus = Pleistacantha
| species = kannu
| authority = Ng, Ravinesh & Ravichandran, 2017<ref name=WoRMS/>
}}

'''''Pleistacantha kannu''''' is a species of [[Majoidea|spider crab]] in the family [[Oregoniidae]].<ref name="WoRMS">{{cite WoRMS|last=De Grave|first=Sammy|date=26 September 2022|title=''Pleistacantha kannu'' Ng, Ravinesh & Ravichandran, 2017|id=1047301|access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> It is found on the coast of [[Southern India]] from the [[Bay of Bengal]] at depths of {{cvt|129-530|m|ft}}.<ref name=":2">{{cite journal |last1=Prema |first1=M. |last2=Ravichandran |first2=Samuthirapandian |last3=Ng |first3=Peter K. L. |author-link3=Peter Kee Lin Ng |date=2020 |title=Morphometric and Sexual Dimorphism in the Giant Spiny Spider Crab ''Pleistacantha kannu'' Ng, Ravinesh & Ravichandran 2017 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Oregoniidae) from India |journal=[[Proceedings of the Zoological Society]] |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=86–94 |bibcode=2020PZooS..73...86P |doi=10.1007/s12595-019-00295-5}}</ref>

== Description ==
''Pleistacantha kannu'' has a pyriform [[carapace]] whose dorsal surface is covered with short, conical, broad-based spines and sharp tubercles.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last1=Ng |first1=Peter K. L. |author-link=Peter Kee Lin Ng |last2=Ravinesh |first2=Raveendhiran |last3=Ravichandran |first3=S. |date=2017 |title=A new large oregoniid spider crab of the genus Pleistacantha Miers, 1879, from the Bay of Bengal, India (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majoidea) |url= |journal=[[ZooKeys]] |issue=716 |pages=127–146 |bibcode=2017ZooK..716..127N |doi=10.3897/zookeys.716.21349 |pmid=29290711 |doi-access=free|pmc=5740409 }}</ref> Its carapace is about as long postrostrally{{Efn|Excluding the [[rostrum (anatomy)|rostrum]]}} as it is wide,<ref name=":0" /> measuring up to {{cvt|150|mm|in}} long and up to {{cvt|138|mm|in}} wide.<ref name=":2" /> Its branchial region is strongly inflated, distinguishing it from similar ''[[Pleistacantha]]'' species such as ''[[Pleistacantha moseleyi|P. moseleyi]]'', ''[[Pleistacantha pungens|P. pungens]]'', and ''[[Pleistacantha ori|P. ori]]''.<ref name=":0" /> It is the largest spider crab known to inhabit the [[Indian Ocean]].<ref name=":2" />

Its carapace ranges from orange to orange-red on the dorsal surface, its [[Chelae|chelipeds]] and walking legs are reddish-brown with white fingers in males and orange and white in females, and its ventral surfaces are dirty white.<ref name=":0" /> Its walking legs end in a horn-like tip covered in [[seta]]e, and they are covered in short tubercles and granules.<ref name=":0" /> Its [[abdomen]] lacks spines but is covered in numerous blunt and sharp tubercles.<ref name=":0" />

== Taxonomy ==
''Pleistacantha kannu'' was [[Species description|described]] in 2017 by carcinologists [[Peter Kee Lin Ng]], Raveendhiran Ravinesh, and S. Ravichandran.<ref name=":0" /> It is named after T. Kannupandi, an Indian carcinologist at the [[Annamalai University]].<ref name=":0" /> It is considered likely [[conspecific]] with a crab collected in 1997 from the [[Gulf of Aden]].<ref name=":0" />

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q63725005}}
{{Portal bar|Crustaceans|Marine life|India}}

[[Category:Majoidea]]
[[Category:Taxa described in 2017]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Peter Kee Lin Ng]]