Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Jinvani Channel

2026-05-08T10:43:29Z

PercySpivakovsky:

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox broadcasting network
| name = Jinvani Channel
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| parent = Jain Telemedia Services Ltd of the parent company Sea TV Network Ltd
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{{Jainism}}

'''[[Jinvani]] Channel''' is an Indian television channel solely dedicated to the [[Digambara]] group of
[[Jainism]]. It was launched on 9 December 2011 under the aegis of Jain Telemedia Services Ltd of the parent company Sea TV Network Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Jain Channel|url=http://jainsamaj.org/magazines/ahimsatimesshow.php?id=278|website=Ahimsa Times (December, 2011)|accessdate=3 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=About Jinvani Channel|url=https://www.dthnews.com/2011/12/new-tv-channel-jinvani-channel-added-on.html|website=DTH News (December, 2011)|accessdate=3 December 2017}}</ref>

==Shows==
*Aahar Charya
*Aalochna Path
*Aaradhna
*ABCD Of Jainism
*Dharmyatra
*Healthy Living
*Jain Focus
*Jain Jyotish(Live Call Show)
*Janm Jayanti Programme
*Jigyasa Samadhan
*Jin Bhakti
*Jinvani Vandna
*Kaavyanjali
*Mangal Aarti
*Santvani (Amit Sagar Ji Maharaj)

== See also ==
* [[Airtel digital TV]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Jainism topics}}

[[Category:Religious television channels in India]]
[[Category:Jain mass media]]

{{Jainism-stub}}
{{reli-media-stub}}
{{India-tv-station-stub}}

The Hectics

2026-04-25T07:48:51Z

PercySpivakovsky: put up some data basic info

{{Short description|Freddie Mercury's first band}}
{{about|the band from India|other uses|Hectic (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|Music|date=May 2020}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2018}}
{{primary sources|date=November 2018}}
}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = The Hectics
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| image_size =
| background = group_or_band
| alias =
| origin = [[Panchgani]], [[Bombay]], India
| genre = Various
| years_active = {{Start date|1958}}–1962
| label =
| associated_acts =
| website =
| current_members =
| past_members =
* [[Freddie Mercury]]
* [[Derrick Branche]]
* Bruce Murray
* Victory Rana
* Farang Irani
}}

'''The Hectics''' (1958–1962) was an Indian school band. The members of the band were Farrokh Bulsara (later known as [[Freddie Mercury]]) (pianist), [[Derrick Branche]] (guitarist), Bruce Murray (lead vocalist and guitarist), Victory Rana (drummer) and Farang Irani (bass). The school band was formed while all five were students at [[St. Peter's School, Panchgani]], an English boarding school in [[Panchgani]], near Bombay (now [[Mumbai]]), India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/815380/freddie-bucky-mercury-the-12-year-old-rockstar-from-panchgani|title='Freddie Mercury was a prodigy': Rock star's Panchgani school bandmates remember 'Bucky'|first=Anvar|last=Alikhan|date=5 September 2016|website=Scroll.in}}</ref>

==Aftermath==

[[Freddie Mercury]] (1946–1991) went on to become the lead vocalist of the rock band [[Queen (band)|Queen]].

[[Derrick Branche]] (born 1947) went on to appear in [[Cinema of the United Kingdom|British films]] such as ''[[My Beautiful Laundrette]]'' and television shows such as ''[[Only When I Laugh (TV series)|Only When I Laugh]]'', ''[[The Comic Strip]] Presents...'' and ''[[Father Ted]]''.

Bruce Murray currently runs The Music Centre<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musiccentre.co.uk/|title=The Music Centre - Bedford’s Independent Instrument Retailer - All guitars inspected and set-up.|website=www.musiccentre.co.uk}}</ref> in [[Bedford]], England. His step-son Guy Griffin plays with British rock band [[The Quireboys]].

Victory Rana became a general in the Nepalese army and headed a UN peacekeeping force in Cyprus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/1999/19991210.sga716.doc.html|title=MAJOR-GENERAL VICTORY RANA APPOINTED FORCE COMMANDER OF UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING FORCE IN CYPRUS – Meetings Coverage and Press Releases|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=16 February 2019}}</ref>

Farang Irani joined his family's restaurant business and ran Bounty Sizzlers, a Pune restaurant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com:80/article.aspx?278845|title=Going Ga Ga | Anvar Alikhan|website=www.outlookindia.com}}</ref> His daughters now run the restaurant as he has since died.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Freddie Mercury}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hectics}}
[[Category:Freddie Mercury]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1958]]
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1962]]
[[Category:Music of India]]
[[Category:1958 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Queen (band)]]

Abdul Hai Hasani

2026-04-23T07:59:14Z

PercySpivakovsky: Started A Page

{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar and writer (1869–1923)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = Maulana, Hakīm
| name = Syed Abdul Hai Hasani
| birth_date = 22 December 1869
| birth_place = [[Raebareli]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| birth_name = Syed Ahmad
| image =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1923|02|02|1869|12|22}}
| death_place = Lucknow, [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], British India
| resting_place = Dāira-e-Shah Alamullah, Takia Kalan, Raebareli
| office1 = 4th [[List of chancellors and principals of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama|Chancellor of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama]]
| term_start1 = 3 April 1915
| term_end1 = 2 February 1923
| predecessor1 = [[Khalilur Rahman Saharanpuri]]
| successor1 = Ali Hasan Khan
| office2 = Assistant Chancellor of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama
| term_start2 = 25 December 1895
| term_end2 = 3 April 1915
| alma_mater = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
| children = {{Bulleted list|Abdul Ali Hasani|[[Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi]]}}
| module2 = {{Infobox religious biography| embed = yes
|religion=[[Islam]]
|denomination = [[Sunni]] | jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]
|movement = [[Deobandi movement|Deobandi]]<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Ali |first=Mohsin |title=Modern Islamic Historiography: A Global Perspective from South Asia |degree=PhD |publisher=[[University of California]] |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dw2f7k1 |language=en |pages=289 |year=2022 |location=USA}}</ref>
|notable_works = ''[[Nuzhat al-Khawatir]]'' | students = [[Abdur Rahman Kashgari]] [[Sulaiman Nadvi]]
}}
}}
'''Syed Abdul Hai Hasani''' (1869–1923) was an Indian Islamic scholar, historian, biographer, writer, Sufi, and [[Hakim (title)|Hakim]]. He served as [[List of chancellors and principals of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama#List of chancellors|the fourth]] Chancellor of [[Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama]] between 1915 and 1923. He was the father of [[Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi]]. His works include ''Nuzhat al-Khawātir'', ''Al Hind Fil 'Ahd al-Islami'', ''Ath' Thaqafat al-Islamiyya Fil-Hind'', ''Yād-Ayyām'', and ''Gul-e-Ra'na''.<ref>{{TDV Encyclopedia of Islam|first=MAKSUDOĞLU|last=MEHMET|title=ABDÜLHAY el-HASENÎ|url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/abdulhay-el-haseni|language=tr|volume=1|page=229}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Syed Abdul Hai Hasani was born on 22 December 1869 in [[Raibareli]].{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|p=33}} His father, Fakhruddin Khayali, was a writer and poet.{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=37–41}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Hasani|first=Abdul Hai|title=Gul-e-Ra'na|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/gul-e-rana-tazkira-e-shora-e-urdu-hakeem-syed-abdul-hai-ebooks-3 |publisher=Ma'ārif Press|location=[[Azamgarh]]|edition=4th|year=1951|pages=527–537|language=ur}}</ref> He was a descendant of [[Hasan ibn Hasan|Hasan II]] ibn [[Hasan ibn Ali]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Hasani|first=Mahmood Hasan|title=Seerat-e-Dā'i-e-Islām Hadhrat Maulana Syed Abdullah Hasani Nadwi|url=https://archive.org/details/seerat-e-dai-e-islam-hadhrat-maulana-syed-abdullah-hasani-nadwi |publisher=Syed Ahmad Shahid Academy, Dār-e-Arafāt|location=Takia Kalān, Raibareli|edition=1st|date=August 2014|pages=46–47, 70–72|language=ur}}</ref> through [[Syed Ahmad Barelvi]].{{Sfn|Hasani|2014|p=72}}<ref name="Amini">{{cite book |last=Amini|first=Noor Alam Khalil|author-link=Noor Alam Khalil Amini|title=Rafatagan e Nā-Rafta|publisher=Idāra Ilm o Adab|location= [[Deoband]]|edition=1st|date=March 2021|language=ur|chapter=Maulana Syed Abdullah Muhammad al-Hasani Nadwi|page=293|isbn=978-93-5457-133-6}}</ref> He was the father of [[Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sikand |first=Yoginder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yf5aJi2loLcC&dq=Abdul+Hai+Hasani&pg=PA31 |title=Muslims in India Since 1947: Islamic Perspectives on Inter-Faith Relations |date=2004-07-31 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-37825-8 |pages=31 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Abu-Rabi' |first=Ibrahim |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sf6HxVjOLPsC&dq=Abdul+Hai+Hasani&pg=PA89 |title=The Blackwell Companion to Contemporary Islamic Thought |date=2008-04-15 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-4051-7848-8 |pages=89 |language=en}}</ref>

After reading the elementary books of Persian and Arabic in [[Fatehpur district#Divisions|Haswa]] and Raibareli, he went to [[Allahabad]], stayed there for about two years, and studied under Muhammad Hussain Allahabadi and other scholars. He stayed in [[Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh|Fatehpur]] for a few months and read a jurisprudence book by Noor Muhammad Punjabi. In the year 1301 AH (1883–84), he visited his father in [[Bhopal]] and studied with the scholars there. At that time, Bhopal was called the centre of knowledge and scholars because of Jamaluddin Khan and [[Siddiq Hasan Khan]].{{Sfn|Hasani|1983|p=26}}{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=51–53}}

In 1303 AH (1886), he returned to his homeland from Bhopal, and after a few days, he went to [[Lucknow]] and read [[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]] from Amir Ali Malihabadi, Hidayat al-Hikmah, etc., from Fazlullah Firangi Mahali, and [[Al-Hidayah]], As-Sirajiyyah, [[Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya|Sharh al-'Aqaid]], and Nakhbat-ul-Fikr from Muhammad Naeem Farangi Mahali. He further read other textbooks by Maulvi Altaf Hussain, Fatah Muhammad Taib Lakhnavi, and Ahmad Shah Wilayati. He stayed in Lucknow for around five years, and during that period he appeared in the service of his namesake, [[Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi]], albeit Hasani did not become his student.{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=54–59}}{{Sfn|Hasani|1983|pp=26–27}} Around the time of his return from Bhopal and his move to Lucknow, he stayed for some time in [[Kanpur]] and studied some parts of Sharh Jami, Usul al-Shashi, and Qutbi from [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]] and Fatah Muhammad Thanvi, the teachers of Jamiul Uloom Patkapur.{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=54–55}}

Around 1309 AH (1891–92), he left Lucknow for his native Raibareli, and after his marriage, after some time in his native land, he returned to Bhopal to read the remaining textbooks by Abdul Haq Kabuli. He learned mathematics from [[Syed Ahmad Dehlavi (academic)|Syed Ahmad Dehlavi]] and Arabic literature from Sheikh Muhammad Arab. He studied [[Sihah Sittah]] from Shaykh Hussain bin Muhsin al-Yamāni and obtained ijazah in hadith from him.{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=54–64}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Farid |first=Ghulam |url=https://archive.org/details/ahwalul-arifeen/page/n265/mode/1up |title=Ahwāl-ul-Ārifeen |date=August 1979 |publisher=Nazeer Sons Publishers |edition=1st |location=Lahore |pages=259–260 |language=ur}}</ref> During his stay in Bhopal, Hasani learned the science of [[Hakim (title)#Hakīm (حكيم)|hikmah]] from Hakīm Abdul Ali of Lucknow, who lived there.{{Sfn|Hasani|1983|p=27}}{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=66–67}} In 1311 AH, he read the book of medicine, ''[[The Canon of Medicine|Al-Qanoon]]'' from Hakīm Abdul Aziz in Lucknow.{{Sfn|Hasani|1983|p=27}}

From a young age, he continued to benefit spiritually from his family elders and sought esoteric knowledge, particularly from Abdus Salam Haswi. Following Haswi's death, he corresponded with [[Imdadullah Muhajir Makki]], plugged allegiance to him in absentia, and was authorized in [[bay'ah]] by him.{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=90–93}}{{Sfn|Hasani|2005|p=237}} He pledged allegiance to Fazl-e-Rahman Ganj Muradabadi, but because to academic duties, he was unable to benefit from him in this regard, although obtaining his authorization in Hadith.{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=90–93}} He obtained formal Sufism instruction from Syed Zia-un-Nabi, Fakhruddin Khayali, and Hakeem Aminuddin, and he was granted permission to practice all four traditions of [[Qadiriyya]]-[[Chishtiyya]]-[[Suhrawardiyya]]-[[Naqshbandi]]yya.{{Sfn|Hasani|1983|p=29}}

After graduation, he undertook a scholarly journey at the age of 26. The journey started on 12 January 1895, from [[Fatehpur district#Divisions|Haswa, Fatehpur]], and ended on 21 February 1895. In between, he visited [[Delhi]], [[Panipat]], [[Sirhind-Fategarh|Sirhind]], [[Ambala|Camp Ambala]], [[Deoband]], [[Piran Kaliyar Sharif|Piran Kaliyar]], [[Saharanpur]], [[Gangoh]], [[Nagina]], and its several towns and met [[Syed Nazeer Husain Dehlavi]], Maulana Abdul Ali (Principal of Madrasa Abd-ur-Rab Delhi), Abd-ur-Rahman Panipati, Sain Tawakkul Shah Ambalvi, [[Usmani family of Deoband#Shaykh Fateh Ali|Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi]] ([[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]]'s father), [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]], Mian Muhammad Hussain (friend and servant of [[Syed Ahmad Barelvi]]), and [[Ahmad Hasan Amrohi]] (student of [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi]]) and obtained [[Ijazah|permission]] in Hadith from them.{{Sfn|Hasani|1983|pp=27–28}}{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=103–104}}

== Career ==
In 1311 AH, when he started studying ''[[The Canon of Medicine|Al-Qunoon]]'' from Hakīm Abdul Aziz in Lucknow, he also practiced medicine under Hakīm Abdul Ali and continued to practice medicine until the end of 1312 AH (early 1895).{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=66–67}}

He had not completed his medical studies when the [[Nadwatul Ulama]] was formed, but he attended its meetings from the beginning.{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=134–136}}{{Sfn|Hasani|2005|p=238}} In Safar 1313 AH (1895 AD), at the age of 27, he founded Anjuman Aal-e-Hashim for the welfare of his family and its reformation.{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=119–120}}

In 1313 AH, he began working under [[Muhammad Ali Mungeri]], the founder and first chancellor of Nadwatul Ulama. On 25 December 1895, Mungeri appointed him as the assistant chancellor of Nadwatul Ulama. On 3 April 1915, he succeeded Khalilur Rahman Saharanpuri as chancellor of Nadwatul Ulama and remained in the position until his demise.{{Sfn|Hasani|2005|p=238}}{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=136, 176, 182}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Khan|first=Shams Tabrez|title=Tarīkh e Nadwatul Ulama|trans-title=History of Nadwatul Ulama |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-nadwat-ul-ulama-part-002-shams-tabrez-khan-ebooks-1 |volume=2|publisher=Daftar e Nizāmat Nadwatul Ulama|location=Lucknow|date=1984|edition=1st|pages=129–130|language=ur}}</ref>

In 1905 (1313 AH), when the office of Nadwatul Ulama was moved from [[Shahjahanpur]] to Lucknow, he decided to serve Nadwatul Ulama voluntarily without salary, and he began practicing medicine and made it his livelihood for life.{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|p=214}}

In addition to his official duties, he also served as a teacher of Arabic literature and Ifta in [[Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama]] for some time in the beginning.{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=218–19}} His students included [[Syed Sulaiman Nadvi]] and [[Abdur Rahman Kashgari]].{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=218–19}}<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=February 1923 |editor-last=Nadvi |editor-first=Sulaiman |editor-link=Sulaiman Nadvi|title=Shadharāt |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/maarif-shumara-number-002-syed-sulaiman-nadvi-magazines-78 |journal=Monthly Ma'ārif |language=ur |location=[[Azamgarh]] |publisher=[[Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy]] |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=82–86 |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |language=ar |title=كتاب البدور المضية في تراجم الحنفية |author=al-Kumillai, Muhammad Hifdh al-Rahman|publisher=Dar al-Salih |location=[[Cairo]], [[Egypt]] |year=2018}}</ref>

== Literary works ==
Hasani authored ''[[Nuzhat al-Khawatir]]'', an eight-volume biographical encyclopedia with almost 4,500 Muslim personalities from South Asia, mostly [[Ulama|scholars]], in Arabic. His son, [[Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi]], completed the unfinished last volume.{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=266–267, 271}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhat |first=Samee Ullah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KNeJDwAAQBAJ&dq=Abdul+Hai+Hasani&pg=PA41 |title=Islamic Historiography: Nature and Development |date=2019-03-10 |publisher=Educreation Publishing |pages=41 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Engineer |first=Asghar Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrbXAAAAMAAJ&q=Abdul+Hai+Hasani |title=Islam in India: The Impact of Civilizations |date=2002 |publisher=Indian Council for Cultural Relations |isbn=978-81-7541-115-9 |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ali |first1=Mohsin |year=2023 |title=The Growth of Arabic Biographical Writing in South Asia from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Century |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/E00719E11DE26A8D3AC280ACC6D1194A/S0020743823000478a.pdf/growth_of_arabic_biographical_writing_in_south_asia_from_the_eighteenth_to_the_twentieth_century.pdf |journal=[[International Journal of Middle East Studies]] |volume=55 |issue= |page=137 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|doi=10.1017/S0020743823000478 |access-date=}}</ref>

His book ''Ma'ārif al-'Awārif Fi Anwā' al-Uloom Wal Ma'ārif'' (Ath' Thaqafat al-Islamiyya Fil-Hind) contains a detailed and complete analysis of the history of education in India, the evolution of the curriculum and its period-by-period changes, and a detailed analysis of the literary work of the thousand-year Islamic era of India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azimabadi |first=Badr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRURyQeW32QC&dq=Abdul+Hai+Hasani&pg=PA232 |title=Great Personalities in Islam |date=2004 |publisher=Adam Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-7435-122-7 |pages=232 |language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=295–299}} The Urdu translation of this book has been published by Nadwatul Musannifeen, entitled ''Islami Uloom o Funoon Hindustan Mein'' ({{translation|Islamic Sciences and Arts in India}}).{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|p=299}}

He wrote a book in Arabic called ''Jannat al-Mashriq Wa Matla' an-Noor al-Mushriq'' (Al Hind Fil 'Ahd al-Islami) on the Islamic history of India, the Sultans of Islam, the Islamic culture here, mosques, madrasas, Islamic structures, hospitals, and other features.{{Sfn|Nadwi|2004|pp=300, 324–325}}

At the request of Nawab Habibur Rahman Khan Sherwani, he wrote a treatise on [[Gujarat]]'s achievements during the Islamic period to be presented at the [[All India Muhammadan Educational Conference]], held in [[Surat]] in December 1918. The treatise published by the conference later under the title of ''Yād-e-Ayyām''.{{Sfn|Nadwi|2004|pp=331–332}}

His other books included:{{Sfn|Nadwi|2004|pp=331, 339, 365–369}}{{Sfn|Hasani|2005|p=239}}
* ''Gul-e-Ra'na'' (a book in Urdu containing mentions of Urdu poets)
* ''Talkhīs al-Akhbār'' (a collection of hadiths of the Prophet on everyday essential topics)
* ''Muntaha al-Afkār'' (an Arabic commentary on ''Talkhīs al-Akhbār'')
* ''Tadhkirat-ul-Abrār'' (a book in Persian containing the mentions of the scholars and Mashaikhs of the Qutbia Hasainiyya family)
* ''Kitāb al-Ghina Fil Islām'' (in Arabic; {{translation|Singing in Islam}})
* ''Qarabādīn'' (a collection of medical prescriptions in Urdu)
* ''Armaghān-e-Ahbāb'' (a travelogue in Urdu)
* ''Tabīb-ul-'āilah'' (a guide book for the treatment of daily ailments of women and children in Urdu)
* ''Sharh Sab'a Mu'allaqa'' (an uncomplicated Arabic commentary on ''[[Mu'allaqat]]'')
* ''Raihānat-ul-Adab wa Shamāmat-ut-Tarb'' (a book in Arabic literature)
* ''Ta'līmul Islām'' (Islamic guide book on solving daily problems in Urdu)
* ''Noor-ul-Īmān'' (an educational book written for children in Urdu)
* ''Risāla Dar Bayān-e-Salāsil-e-Khānwāda-e-Naqshbandiyya''
* ''Ta'līqāt 'Ala Sunan Abi Dawud'' (an uncomplicated Arabic commentary on [[Sunan Abi Dawud]])
* ''Al-Qānoon Fi Intifā' al-Murtahin bi al-Marhoon'' (in Arabic; {{translation|The law regarding the mortgagee’s benefit from the mortgaged property}})

== Personal life ==
On Jumada al-Akhirah 7, 1309 AH (10 December 1891), Hasani married the daughter of his maternal uncle Moulvi Syed Abdul Aziz, with whom he had a son, [[List of chancellors and principals of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama#List of chancellors|Hakīm Abdul Ali Hasani]], the sixth chancellor of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama, and she died in 1319 AH.<ref name="Mahmood">{{cite book |last=Hasani |first=Mahmood Hasan |url=https://abulhasanalinadwi.org/book/swaneh-mawlana-sayyed-muhammed-alhasani-by-mahmood-hasani/ |title=Sawānih Maulana Syed Muhammad al-Hasani |date=December 2013 |publisher=Syed Ahmad Shahid Academy, Dār-e-Arafāt |edition=1st |location=Takia Kalān, Raibareli |page=41 |language=ur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219085501/https://abulhasanalinadwi.org/book/swaneh-mawlana-sayyed-muhammed-alhasani-by-mahmood-hasani/ |archive-date=19 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{Sfn|Nadwi|2004|pp=231–232}}

After the death of his first wife, he married Shah Ziya-un-Nabi's daughter Khair-un-Nisa Behtar in 1322 AH (1904 AD), from whom he had one son, [[Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi]], and two daughters, Amat-ul-Azīz (mother of [[Mohammad Rabey Hasani Nadwi|Muhammad Rabey Hasani Nadwi]]) and Amatullah Tasnīm (Urdu translator of [[The Meadows of the Righteous|Riyāḍ aṣ-Ṣāliḥīn]]).{{Sfn|Hasani|2013|p=41}}{{Sfn|Nadwi|2004|pp=232–234}}

== Death ==
Hasani died on Friday, 2 February 1923 ([[Jumada al-Akhirah]] 15, 1341 [[Hijri year|AH]]) in Lucknow. The body was taken to Raebareli. The next day, on 3 February (Jumada al-Akhirah 16), [[List of chancellors and principals of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama#List of principals|Hafeezullah Azamgarhi]], Principal of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama, led the funeral prayer, and he was buried at the lower side of the graves of the elders of the family, Shah Alamullah and Syed Muhammad Adl.{{Sfn|Nadwi|1970|pp=227–232}}

== See also ==
* [[List of Deobandis]]

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite book|last=Hasani|first=Abul Hai|title=Yād-e-Ayyām|chapter=Ta'āruf o Tadhkirah by Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi|chapter-url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/yaad-e-ayyam-yani-mukhtasar-tareekh-e-gujrat-maulana-hakeem-sayyed-abdul-hai-hasani-ebooks |publisher=Majlis-e-Tahqeeqāt o Nazriyyāt-e-Islām|location=Lucknow|year=1983|edition=3rd|language=ur}}
* {{cite book|last=Nadwi|first=Abul Hasan Ali Hasani|author-link=Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi|title=Hayāt-e-Abdul Hai|trans-title=The life of Abdul Hai|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/hayat-e-abdul-hai-abul-hasan-ali-nadvi-ebooks |publisher=[[Nadwatul Musannifeen]]|location=Delhi|date=November 1970|edition=1st|language=ur}}
** {{cite book|last=Nadwi|first=Abul Hasan Ali Hasani|title=Hayāt-e-Abdul Hai|trans-title=The life of Abdul Hai|url=https://archive.org/details/hayat-e-abdul-hai |publisher=Syed Ahmad Shaheed Academy|location=Lucknow|year=2004|edition=3rd|language=ur}}
* {{cite book|last=Hasani|first=Muhammad Thāni|title=Khānwāda-e-Alamullāhi|trans-title=Alamullāhi family|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/khanwada-e-ilmullahi-syed-mohammad-sani-hasani-ebooks |publisher=Syed Ahmad Shaheed Academy|location=Lucknow|year=2005|edition=1st|language=ur}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite thesis |last=Siddiqi |first=Mohd. Sohaib |title=Nadwa Movement Its Contribution To The Development Of Arabic Language And Literature In India |access-date=16 April 2024 |degree=PhD |publisher=Department of Arabic, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/56142 |language=ur |pages=174–176 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126032814/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/56142 |archive-date=26 November 2023 |year=1993 |location=India |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=P |first=Jubailiya |title=Darul Uloom Nadwathul Ulama its Contributions to the Development of Arabic Language and Literature: an analytical study |access-date=29 November 2023 |degree=PhD |publisher=Department of Arabic, [[University of Calicut]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/306944 |language=ar |pages=106–113 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126025358/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/306944 |archive-date=26 November 2023 |year=2020 |location=India |hdl=10603/306944 |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Rahman |first=Obaidur |title=Musahamatu Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama Fi Nashril Lughatil Arabiati Wal Adabil Islami Wa Dauruha Fi Majalis Sahafati Wal Elam |degree=PhD |publisher=[[University of Calcutta]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/314806 |language=ar |pages=48–53 |year=2017 |location=India |hdl=10603/314806 |access-date=11 November 2024 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616040516/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/314806 |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite thesis
|last=Khan
|first=Ghazanfar Ali
|title=Nadvat-al-Ulama: a centre of islamic learning
|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/49833
|publisher=Department of Islamic Studies, [[Aligarh Muslim University]]
|year=2001
|location=India
|language=en
|hdl=10603/49833
|degree=PhD
|page=116–117
}}

{{Darul Uloom Deoband}}
{{Hanafi scholars}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1869 births]]
[[Category:1923 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Raebareli]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Scholars from British India]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:18th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:19th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]

Red Rooster Racing

2026-04-19T23:55:10Z

PercySpivakovsky:

{{Short description|Former Indian motorsport racing team}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2014}}
{{infobox motor racing team
| name = {{flagicon|IND}} Red Rooster Racing
| logo =
| pixels = 220
| founded = 2008
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| principal = Dinesh Reddy
| current series =
| former series =
| drivers = Arjun Narendran, Leela Krishnan, Naren Kumar, Vikram Mathias, Karna Kadur, Amittrajit Ghosh, Ram Kumar, PVS Murthy, Ashwin Naik, Ashish Saurabh Moudghil, Rajini Krishnan
| driver titles = Indian National Rally Champions, Raid de Himalaya, Asian road racing championship
| team titles = Indian National Rally
| folded = 
}}

'''Red Rooster Racing''' is an Indian [[Motorsports]] team which took part in rallying and racing events for three years from 2008 to 2010. Its parent company Red Rooster Performance's goal is to build the market for performance motoring in India. Quoting lack of sponsors, the team withdrew<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2011/apr/25/red-rooster-racing-team-exits-motorsports-247705.html|title=Red Rooster Racing team exits motorsports|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2020-04-02}}</ref> from the [[Indian National Rally Championship]] (INRC) before the start of the 2011 season.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/156868/red-rooster-racings-exit-quite.html|title=Red Rooster Racing's exit is quite sad: Chandhok|date=2011-04-26|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=2020-04-02}}</ref> Of the three years in rallying, Red Rooster Racing' won the championship twice in 2008 and 2010. Red Rooster teams, Vikram Mathias and co-driver PVS Murthy won INRC 2008<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/sports/Cut-to-a-chase/articleshow/22272838.cms|title=Cut to a chase|date=December 26, 2008|website=Bangalore Mirror|language=en|access-date=2020-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Philar |first=Anand |date=2008-10-19 |title=Mathias wins fifth round of INRC |url=http://twocircles.net/2008oct19/mathias_wins_fifth_round_inrc.html |access-date=2020-04-02 |website=TwoCircles.net |language=en-US}}</ref> while [[VR Naren Kumar]] won the title in 2010<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2011-01-29 |title=Naren-Ram combo wrests title |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/motorsport/Naren-Ram-combo-wrests-title/article15537004.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129150029/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/motorsport/Naren-Ram-combo-wrests-title/article15537004.ece |archive-date=2020-11-29 |access-date=2020-04-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> along with co-driver Ram Kumar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2011/apr/25/red-rooster-racing-team-exits-motorsports-247705.html|title=Red Rooster Racing team exits motorsports|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2020-04-02}}</ref>

Red Rooster Racing entered Indian motorsports on 8 June 2008 in multiple disciplines including rallying (cars and motorcycles), circuit racing (cars and motorcycles), and [[karting]]. It was the only team which took part in different disciplines of motorsport for a three-year period. Apart from INRC, Red Rooster Racing teams took part in National Racing Championship both for cars and bikes. It also took part in a rally raid cross-country event by entering Raid de Himalaya in 2009 and the [[Asia Road Racing Championship|Asian Road Racing Championship]] in 2009.

The team was founded by Dinesh Reddy, a third-generation entrepreneur, and former director of family-owned Nutrine Confectionery Limited.

Multiple rally champion and reputed tuner [[N. Leelakrishnan]] joined as technical director of Red Rooster Racing along with Andrew Morrice of Mezzo International, Singapore. The team is reported to have spent Rs.2 crore in the first year to set up the teams.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/companies/bangalore-gets-indias-first-privately-run-motorsport-club/articleshow/3110246.cms|title=Bangalore gets India's first privately-run motorsport club|date=2008-06-08|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref>

==Achievements==

The company's objective was to promote Indian talent in a wide range of motorsport disciplines.<ref name="Red">{{cite web |last= |first= |title=India's leading professional motorsports company |url=http://www.redroosterracing.com/aboutus.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109142359/http://www.redroosterracing.com/aboutus.php |archive-date=2013-11-09 |accessdate=25 May 2013 |publisher=redroosterracing.com}}</ref>

The team took part in the Malaysian Motorbike Super Series, the PETRONAS FIM Asian GP series, held in 2008 and scored podium standings in the Expert and Novice disciplines.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Frederick |first=Prince |date=2009-09-12 |title=Rags to races |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/youth/Rags-to-races/article12063445.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926182614/https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/youth/Rags-to-races/article12063445.ece |archive-date=2021-09-26 |access-date=2025-06-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref>

Other achievements include:
* 1st and 3rd rank in Indian National Rally Championship in 2008
* 1st, 2nd and 3rd in the National Circuit Road Racing Championship in 2008
* 1st in the FIM ARRC Motorcycles circuit (National & Asia Pacific) Asian Road Racing Championship.<ref name="Racing">{{cite web |last= |first= |title=Company, People, Achievements Profiler |url=http://www.redroosterracing.com/pressroom/companydocuments/RRRProfiler.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115173511/http://www.redroosterracing.com/pressroom/companydocuments/RRRProfiler.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-15 |accessdate=25 May 2013 |website=redroosterracing.com |publisher=}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.redroosterracing.com}}

[[Category:Motorcycle racing teams]]
[[Category:Motorcycle racing teams established in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Motorcycle racing teams disestablished in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 disestablishments in India]]

{{motorcycle-racing-stub}}

National Film Award for Best Bengali Feature Film

2026-04-17T09:16:06Z

PercySpivakovsky: created bio - done

{{Short description|Indian film award}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox award
| name = National Film Award for Best Bengali Feature Film
| subheader = National award for contributions to [[Cinema of India|Indian Cinema]]
| awarded_for = Best [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali feature film]] of the year
| sponsor = [[National Film Development Corporation of India]]
| firstawarded = 1954
| reward = {{ubl|Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus)|{{INR|2,00,000}}}}
| former name = President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in Bengali (1954–1968) National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali (1969–2021)
| holder_label = Most recent winner
| holder = ''[[Deep Fridge]]'' (2023)
}}

The '''National Film Award for Best Bengali Feature Film''' is one of the [[National Film Awards]] presented annually by the [[National Film Development Corporation of India]]. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus). Since the 70th National Film Awards, the name was changed to "Best Bengali Feature Film".<ref>{{cite web|author=Under Secretary to the Government of India|title=Report on Rationalization of Awards Conferred by the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting {{!}} Ministry of Information and Broadcasting {{!}} Government of India|url=https://mib.gov.in/filmsdocuments/report-rationalization-awards-conferred-ministry-information-broadcasting|publisher=[[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]|access-date=25 August 2024|date=14 December 2023}}</ref>

The [[National Film Awards]], established in 1954, are the most prominent film awards in India that merit the best of the [[Indian cinema]]. The ceremony also presents awards for films in various [[Languages of India|regional languages]].

Awards for films in seven regional language ([[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]) started from [[2nd National Film Awards]] which were presented on 21 December 1955. Three awards of "President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film", "Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film" and "Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film" were instituted. The later two certificate awards were discontinued from [[15th National Film Awards]] (1967).

Directed by Rupak Adhikary the 1954 film ''[[Chheley Kaar]]'' was honoured with the first president's silver medal for Best Feature Film in Bengali. Certificate of Merit for Second and Third Best Feature Films in Bengali were received by ''Jadubhatta'' and ''[[Annapurnar Mandir]]'' respectively. Following is the list of ''Silver Lotus Award (Rajat Kamal)'' recipient films produced in [[Bengali language]].

__TOC__
== Winners ==

Award includes '[[Rajat Kamal]]' (Silver Lotus Award) and cash prize. Following are the award winners over the years:

{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:#FFFFFF;width:40%;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"| Awards legends
|-
| style="background-color:#F4F4F4;width:20px;"|{{center|*}}
| {{small|President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film}}
|-
| style="background-color:#EFECD1;width:20px;"|{{center|*}}
| {{small|Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film}}
|-
| style="background-color:#D6E0CC;width:20px;"|{{center|*}}
| {{small|Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film}}
|-
| style="background-color:#E0EAEA;width:20px;"|{{center|*}}
| {{small|Certificate of Merit for the Best Feature Film}}
|-
| style="background-color:#EBEBE0;width:20px;"|{{center|*}}
| {{small|Indicates a joint award for that year}}
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%"
! colspan="5" | List of award films, showing the year (award ceremony), producer(s) and director(s)
|-
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:5%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:19%;"| Film(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"| Producer(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:18%;"| Director(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:3%;" class="unsortable" |{{Tooltip|Refs.|Reference}}
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[2nd National Film Awards|1954 {{small|(2nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Chheley Kaar]]''
| Charan Chitra
| [[Chitta Basu (director)|Chitta Bose]]
| align="center" rowspan="3" |<ref name="2ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/2nd_nff_1955.pdf|title=2nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=23 August 2011}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" | ''[[Jadu Bhatta (film)|Jadu Bhatta]]''
| Sunrise Film Distributors
| [[Niren Lahiri]]
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" |''[[Annapurnar Mandir]]''
| Chitra Mandir
| [[Naresh Mitra]]
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[3rd National Film Awards|1955 {{small|(3rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Pather Panchali]]''
| [[Government of West Bengal]]
| [[Satyajit Ray]]
| align="center" rowspan="3" |<ref name="3rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/3rd_nff_1956.pdf|title=3rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=11 March 2011}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" | ''Rani Rashmoni''
| Chalachitra Pratishthan
| Kali Prasad Ghosh
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" | ''Rai Kamal''
| [[Aurora Film Corporation]]
| Subodh Mitra
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[4th National Film Awards|1956 {{small|(4th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Kabuliwala (1957 film)|Kabuliwala]]''
| Charuchitra
| [[Tapan Sinha]]
| align="center" rowspan="3" |<ref name="4thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/4th_Nff.pdf|title=4th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=2 September 2011}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" | ''Mahakavi Girishchandra''
| Emkeji Productions
| [[Madhu Bose]]
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" | ''Ek Din Ratre''
| [[R. K. Films]]
| [[Sombhu Mitra]] and Amit Maitra
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[5th National Film Awards|1957 {{small|(5th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Andhare Alo''
| Sreemati Pictures
| [[Haridas Bhattacharya]]
| align="center" rowspan="3" |<ref name="5thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/5th_nff.pdf|title=5th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=2 September 2011}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EFECD1" | ''Louha-Kapat''
| L. B. Films International
| [[Tapan Sinha]]
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#D6E0CC" | ''[[Harano Sur]]''
| Alochaya Productions
| [[Ajoy Kar]]
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[6th National Film Awards|1958 {{small|(6th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Sagar Sangamey]]''
| De Luxe Film Distributors Ltd.
| [[Debaki Bose]]
| align="center" rowspan="3" |<ref name="6thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6thNFAAward.aspx|title=6th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=3 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020054317/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=20 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#D6E0CC" | ''[[Jalsaghar]]''
| [[Aurora Film Corporation]]
| [[Satyajit Ray]]
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" | ''Daak Harkara''
| Agragami Productions
| Agragami
|-
| align="center"| [[7th National Film Awards|1959 {{small|(7th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" | ''[[Bicharak]]''
| Arundhati Mukherjee
| [[Prabhat Mukherjee]]
| align="center" |<ref name="7thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/7th_nff.pdf|title=7th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 September 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[8th National Film Awards|1960 {{small|(8th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Devi (1960 film)|Devi]]''
| [[Satyajit Ray]]
| [[Satyajit Ray]]
| align="center" rowspan="2" |<ref name="8thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm8thNFAAward.aspx|title=8th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=7 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012062918/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm8thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=12 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0EAEA" | ''[[Ganga (1960 film)|Ganga]]''
| Cine Art Production Pvt Ltd.
| [[Rajen Tarafdar]]
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[9th National Film Awards|1961 {{small|(9th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Teen Kanya|Samapti]]''
| [[Satyajit Ray]]
| [[Satyajit Ray]]
| align="center" rowspan="3" |<ref name="9thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm9thNFAAward.aspx|title=9th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=8 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202115652/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm9thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=2 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EFECD1" | ''[[Saptapadi (1961 film)|Saptapadi]]''
| [[Uttam Kumar]]
| [[Ajoy Kar]]
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#D6E0CC" | ''[[Punascha]]''
| [[Mrinal Sen]]
| [[Mrinal Sen]]
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[10th National Film Awards|1962 {{small|(10th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Kancher Swarga''
| Prokash Chandra Nan
| [[Tarun Majumdar|Yatrik]]
| align="center" rowspan="2" |<ref name="10thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm10thNFAAward.aspx|title=10th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=9 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929062243/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm10thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=29 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EFECD1" | ''Nishithe''
| Agragami Productions
| Agragami
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[11th National Film Awards|1963 {{small|(11th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Uttar Falguni]]''
| [[Uttam Kumar]]
| [[Asit Sen (director)|Asit Sen]]
| align="center" rowspan="3" |<ref name="11thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm11thNFAAward.aspx|title=11th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=13 September 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170502124428/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm11thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=2 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EFECD1" | ''Saat Paake Bandha''
| R. D. Bansal
| [[Ajoy Kar]]
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#D6E0CC" | ''[[Jatugriha|Jatu Griha]]''
| [[Uttam Kumar]]
| [[Tapan Sinha]]
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[12th National Film Awards|1964 {{small|(12th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Aarohi (film)|Aarohi]]''
| Asim Pal
| [[Tapan Sinha]]
| align="center" rowspan="2" |<ref name="12thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm12thNFAAward.aspx|title=12th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=14 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225220334/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm12thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=25 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EFECD1" | ''Anustup Chhanda''
| B. K. Productions
| Pijush Bose
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | [[13th National Film Awards|1965 {{small|(13th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Akash Kusum]]''
| Ranjit Basu
| [[Mrinal Sen]]
| align="center" rowspan="3" |<ref name="13thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/13th_NFA.pdf|title=13th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=15 September 2011}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#EFECD1" | ''[[Subarnarekha (film)|Subarnarekha]]''
| Radheshyam
| [[Ritwik Ghatak]]
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:#D6E0CC" | ''Raja Rammohun''
| [[Aurora Film Corporation]]
| Bijoy Basu
|-
| align="center"| [[14th National Film Awards|1966 {{small|(14th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Nayak (1966 film)|Nayak]]''
| R. D. Banshal and Sharankumari Bansal
| [[Satyajit Ray]]
| align="center" |
|-
| align="center"| [[15th National Film Awards|1967 {{small|(15th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Arogya Niketan (film)|Arogya Niketan]]''
| [[Aurora Film Corporation]]
| Bijoy Bose
| align="center" |<ref name="15thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/15th_nff_1967.pdf|title=15th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=21 September 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[16th National Film Awards|1968 {{small|(16th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Apanjan]]''
| R. N. Malhotra, R. K. Kapur and T. M. Shah
| [[Tapan Sinha]]
| align="center" |<ref name="16thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/16th_nff_1970.pdf|title=16th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=22 September 2011|page=2}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[17th National Film Awards|1969 {{small|(17th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Natun Pata''
| Gora Pictures
| Dinen Gupta
| align="center" |<ref name="17thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/17th_NFF_1971.pdf|title=17th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=26 September 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[18th National Film Awards|1970 {{small|(18th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Malyadan]]''
| [[Ajoy Kar]] and Bimal Dey
| [[Ajoy Kar]]
| align="center" |<ref name="18thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/17th_NFF_1971.pdf|title=18th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=26 September 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[19th National Film Awards|1971 {{small|(19th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Nimantran]]''
|
| [[Tarun Majumdar]]
| align="center" |
|-
| align="center"| [[20th National Film Awards|1972 {{small|(20th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Strir Patra (film)|Strir Patra]]''
| Dhrupadi
| [[Purnendu Patri]]
| align="center" |<ref name="20thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm20thNFAAward.aspx|title=20th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=26 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105220349/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm20thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=5 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[21st National Film Awards|1973 {{small|(21st)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Ashani Sanket]]''
| Sarbeni Bhattacharya
| [[Satyajit Ray]]
| align="center" |<ref name="21stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/21st_nff_1973.pdf|title=21st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 September 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[22nd National Film Awards|1974 {{small|(22nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Sonar Kella]]''
| Information and Public Relations Department, Government of West Bengal
| [[Satyajit Ray]]
| align="center" |<ref name="22ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/22nd_nff_1974.pdf|title=22nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=1 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[23rd National Film Awards|1975 {{small|(23rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Palanka (film)|Palanka]]''
| Filmarts, Calcutta
| [[Rajen Tarafdar]]
| align="center" |<ref name="23rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/23rd_nff_1975.pdf|title=23rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[24th National Film Awards|1976 {{small|(24th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Ek Je Chillo Desh''
| {{dash}}
| [[Tapan Sinha]]
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gomolo.com/9/national-film-awards-1976 |title=National Film Awards (1976) |access-date=12 August 2019 |archive-date=16 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316201442/http://www.gomolo.com/9/national-film-awards-1976 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=G49qfMZZqbEC&dq=OOrummadi+Bratukulu&pg=PA212 Encyclopaedia of Modern Journalism and Mass Media By M.H. Syed; Page: 212.]</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[25th National Film Awards|1977 {{small|(25th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="25thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/25th_nff_1977.pdf|title=25th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[26th National Film Awards|1978 {{small|(26th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Dooratwa]]''
| [[Buddhadeb Dasgupta]]
| [[Buddhadeb Dasgupta]]
| align="center" |<ref name="26thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/26th_NFA.pdf|title=26th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[27th National Film Awards|1979 {{small|(27th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Ek Din Pratidin]]''
| Amalendu Chakraborty
| [[Mrinal Sen]]
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite book|title=Careers Digest|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=44vNAAAAMAAJ|access-date=3 September 2013|year=1980|page=396}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Film World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WHpTAAAAYAAJ|access-date=3 September 2013|year=1980|publisher=T.M. Ramachandran|page=217}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[28th National Film Awards|1980 {{small|(28th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Hirak Rajar Deshe]]''
| Information & Cultural Affairs Department and [[Government of West Bengal]]
| [[Satyajit Ray]]
| align="center" |<ref name="28thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/28th_nff_1981.pdf|title=28th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[29th National Film Awards|1981 {{small|(29th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Adalat o Ekti Meye]]''
| Dhiresh Kumar Chakraborty
| [[Tapan Sinha]]
| align="center" |<ref name="29thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/29th_nff_1982.pdf|title=29th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[30th National Film Awards|1982 {{small|(30th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Nagmoti]]''
| Sibaprasad Sen
| [[Gautam Chattopadhyay]]
| align="center" |<ref name="30thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/30th_nff_1983.pdf|title=30th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[31st National Film Awards|1983 {{small|(31st)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Vasundhra''
| Sanjukta Films
| [[Sekhar Chatterjee]]
| align="center" |<ref name="31stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/31st_nff_1984.pdf|title=31st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 December 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[32nd National Film Awards|1984 {{small|(32nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Ghare Baire (film)|Ghare Baire]]''
| [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]]
| [[Satyajit Ray]]
| align="center" |<ref name="32ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/32nd_nff_1985.pdf|title=32nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=6 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[33rd National Film Awards|1985 {{small|(33rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Paroma]]''
| Nirmal Kumar Guha, Niharendu Guha, Sukhendu Guha, and Sarojendu Guha
| [[Aparna Sen]]
| align="center" |<ref name="33rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/33nfa.pdf|title=33rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[34th National Film Awards|1986 {{small|(34th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Phera]]''
| [[Buddhadeb Dasgupta]]
| [[Buddhadeb Dasgupta]]
| align="center" |<ref name="34thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/34th_NFF.pdf|title=34th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[35th National Film Awards|1987 {{small|(35th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Antarjali Jatra]]''
| [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]]
| [[Gautam Ghose]]
| align="center" |<ref name="35thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/35th_nff_1988.pdf|title=35th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[36th National Film Awards|1988 {{small|(36th)}}]]
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="36thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/36nfa.pdf|title=36th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[37th National Film Awards|1989 {{small|(37th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Ganashatru]]''
| [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]]
| [[Satyajit Ray]]
| align="center" |<ref name="37thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/37nfa.pdf|title=37th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[38th National Film Awards|1990 {{small|(38th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Atmaja''
| Raj Kumar Jain
| [[Nabyendu Chatterjee]]
| align="center" |<ref name="38thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/38th_nff_1991.pdf|title=38th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[39th National Film Awards|1991 {{small|(39th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Antardhan]]''
| Nabakumar Chandra, Swapan Kumar Mitra and Sucheta Mitra
| [[Tapan Sinha]]
| align="center" |<ref name="39thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/39nd_nff_1985.pdf|title=39th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 February 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[40th National Film Awards|1992 {{small|(40th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Tahader Katha]]''
| [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]]
| [[Buddhadeb Dasgupta]]
| align="center" |<ref name="40thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/40th_nff_1993.pdf|title=40th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=2 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[41st National Film Awards|1993 {{small|(41st)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Antareen]]''
| NFDC and [[Doordarshan]]
| [[Mrinal Sen]]
| align="center" |<ref name="41stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/41st_nff_1994.pdf|title=41st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=3 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[42nd National Film Awards|1994 {{small|(42nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Amodini]]''
| NFDC and [[Doordarshan]]
| [[Chidananda Dasgupta]]
| align="center" |<ref name="42ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/42nd_nff_1995.pdf|title=42nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=5 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[43rd National Film Awards|1995 {{small|(43rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Yugant]]''
| NFDC
| [[Aparna Sen]]
| align="center" |<ref name="43rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/43rd_nff_1996.pdf|title=43rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=6 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[44th National Film Awards|1996 {{small|(44th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''Sanghat''
| [[Pinaki Chaudhuri]]
| [[Pinaki Chaudhuri]]
| align="center" |<ref name="44thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/44th_nff_1997.pdf|title=44th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[45th National Film Awards|1997 {{small|(45th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Dahan (1997 film)|Dahan]]''
| Bijay Agarwal and Kalpana Agarwal
| [[Rituparno Ghosh]]
| align="center" |<ref name="45thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/45th_NFA.pdf|title=45th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=11 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[46th National Film Awards|1998 {{small|(46th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Asukh]]''
| [[D. Ramanaidu]]
| [[Rituparno Ghosh]]
| align="center" |<ref name="46thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/46_nff_1999.pdf|title=46th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=12 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[47th National Film Awards|1999 {{small|(47th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Paromitar Ek Din]]''
| Rajesh Agarwal
| [[Aparna Sen]]
| align="center" |<ref name="47thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/47th_nff_2000.pdf|title=47th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[48th National Film Awards|2000 {{small|(48th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Dekha]]''
| Ramesh Gandhi
| [[Gautam Ghose]]
| align="center" |<ref name="48thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/48th_nff_2001.pdf|title=48th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[49th National Film Awards|2001 {{small|(49th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Hemanter Pakhi]]''
| NFDC
| Urmi Chakraborty
| align="center" |<ref name="49thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/49th_nff_2002.pdf|title=49th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=14 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[50th National Film Awards|2002 {{small|(50th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Shubho Mahurat]]''
| Jagannath Productions
| [[Rituparno Ghosh]]
| align="center" |<ref name="50thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/50nfa.pdf|title=50th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=14 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[51st National Film Awards|2003 {{small|(51st)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Chokher Bali (2003 film)|Chokher Bali]]''
| Shrikant Mohta and Mahendra Soni
| [[Rituparno Ghosh]]
| align="center" |<ref name="51stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/51st_nff_2004.pdf|title=51st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=15 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[52nd National Film Awards|2004 {{small|(52nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Krantikaal]]''
| Shampa Bhattacharjee
| [[Sekhar Das|Shekhar Das]]
| align="center" |<ref name="52ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/52nd_nff_2005.pdf|title=52nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[53rd National Film Awards|2005 {{small|(53rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Herbert (film)|Herbert]]''
| Kajal Bhattacharjee and Abanti Chakraborty
| [[Suman Mukhopadhyay]]
| align="center"|<ref name="53rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/53rd_nff_2006.pdf|title=53rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=19 March 2012}}</ref>
|- style="background-color:#EBEBE0"
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[54th National Film Awards|2006 {{small|(54th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0E0D1" | ''[[Anuranan]]''
| Jeet Banerjee, Indrani Mukerjee and [[Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury]]
| [[Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury]]
| align="center" rowspan="2" |<ref name="54thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/54th_nff_2006.pdf|title=54th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=24 March 2012}}</ref>
|- style="background-color:#EBEBE0"
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0E0D1" | ''[[Podokkhep]]''
| Nitesh Sharma
| [[Suman Ghosh]]
|-
| align="center"| [[55th National Film Awards|2007 {{small|(55th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Ballygunge Court (film)|Ballygunge Court]]''
| Ganesh Kumar Bagaria
| [[Pinaki Chaudhuri]]
| align="center" |<ref name="55thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/55th_nff_2007.pdf|title=55th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[56th National Film Awards|2008 {{small|(56th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Shob Charitro Kalponik]]''
| [[Reliance Big Pictures|Reliance Entertainment]]
| [[Rituparno Ghosh]]
| align="center" |<ref name="56thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/56th_nff_2008.pdf|title=56th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[57th National Film Awards|2009 {{small|(57th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Abohomaan]]''
| [[Reliance Entertainment]]
| [[Rituparno Ghosh]]
| align="center" |<ref name="57thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/57thNFA.pdf|title=57th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[58th National Film Awards|2010 {{small|(58th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Ami Aadu]]''
| New Theatres Pvt. Ltd
| Somnath Gupta
| align="center" |<ref name="58thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/58_NFA.pdf|title=58th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[59th National Film Awards|2011 {{small|(59th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Ranjana Ami Ar Ashbona]]''
| Rana Sarkar
| [[Anjan Dutt]]
| align="center" |<ref name="59thaward">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=80734|title=59th National Film Awards for the Year 2011 Announced|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[60th National Film Awards|2012 {{small|(60th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Shabdo]]''
| Brand Value Communications Ltd.
| [[Kaushik Ganguly]]
| align="center" |<ref name="60thaward">{{cite press release|title=60th National Film Awards Announced|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2013/mar/d2013031801.pdf|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=18 March 2013}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[61st National Film Awards|2013 {{small|(61st)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Bakita Byaktigato]]''
| Tripod Entertainment Pvt Ltd.
| Pradipta Bhattacharyya
| align="center" |<ref name="61staward">{{cite press release|title=61st National Film Awards for 2013 Announced|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=104863|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[62nd National Film Awards|2014 {{small|(62nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Nirbashito]]''
| Kaushik Ganguly Productions
| [[Churni Ganguly]]
| align="center" |<ref name="62ndaward">{{cite press release|title=62nd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/62nd%20National%20Film%20Awards%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=24 March 2015|access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[63rd National Film Awards|2015 {{small|(63rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Shankhachil]]''
| Nideas Creations & Productions
| [[Goutam Ghose]]
| align="center" |<ref name="63rdaward">{{cite press release|title=63rd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/63rd%20National%20Film%20Awards%202015%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=28 March 2016|access-date=28 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[64th National Film Awards|2016 {{small|(64th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Bishorjan]]''
| Opera
| [[Kaushik Ganguly]]
| align="center" |<ref name="64thaward">{{cite press release|title=64th National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606051143/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2017}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[65th National Film Awards|2017 {{small|(65th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Mayurakshi]]''
| [[Firdausul Hasan]] and Prabal Halder
| [[Atanu Ghosh]]
| align="center" |
|-
| align="center" | [[66th National Film Awards|2018 {{small|(66th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Ek Je Chhilo Raja]]''
| [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
| [[Srijit Mukherji]]
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dff.gov.in/images/News/66th_NFA_Results.pdf|access-date=9 August 2019|title=66th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/national-film-awards-2019-full-winners-list-5892272/lite/#referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s|title=National Film Awards 2019: Full winners list|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=9 August 2019 |access-date=9 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[67th National Film Awards|2019 {{small|(67th)}}]]
! scope="row" | ''[[Gumnaami]]''
| [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
| [[Srijit Mukherji]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dff.nic.in/images/News/1098_winners_for_67th.pdf|access-date=25 May 2022|title=67th National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"| [[68th National Film Awards|2020 {{small|(68th)}}]]
!scope="row" |''[[Avijatrik]]''
|GMB Films Pvt.Ltd
|[[Subhrajit Mitra]]
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |first=Shweta |last=Keshri |title=68th National Film Awards Full Winners List: Suriya, Ajay Devgn jointly win Best Actor |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/68th-national-film-awards-full-winners-list-suriya-ajay-devgn-jointly-win-best-actor-1978718-2022-07-22 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"| [[69th National Film Awards|2021 {{small|(69th)}}]]
!scope="row" |''[[Kalkokkho]]''
|Aurora Film Corporation
|Sarmistha Maiti and Rajdeep Paul
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-24 |title=69th National Film Awards 2023 complete winners list: Rocketry, Alia Bhatt, Kriti Sanon, Allu Arjun win big |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/69th-national-film-awards-2023-winners-list-8907028/ |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"| [[70th National Film Awards|2022 {{small|(70th)}}]]
!scope="row" |''[[Kaberi Antardhan]]''
|[[Surinder Films]]
|[[Kaushik Ganguly]]
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=16 August 2024 |title=70th National Film Awards full list of winners: Brahmastra, Ponniyin Selvan Part 1, Aattam win big |language=en-IN |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/70th-national-film-awards-full-list-of-winners-brahmastra-ponniyin-selvan-part-1-aattam-win-big-101723799613996.html |access-date=19 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"| [[71st National Film Awards|2023 {{small|(71st)}}]]
!scope="row" |''[[Deep Fridge]]''
|Colors of Dream Entertainment
|[[Arjunn Dutta]]
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2025 |title=71st National Film Awards for the year 2023 announced |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2151537 |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://dff.nic.in Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India]
* [http://dff.nic.in/NFA_archive.asp National Film Awards Archives]
{{National Film Award Best Bengali Feature Film}}{{National Film Awards}}

[[Category:National Film Awards (India)|Bengali]]
[[Category:Cinema of Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali-language films]]

Tapi Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:42:35Z

PercySpivakovsky: put up first data w/ refs

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Nagaland State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| map_image = Tapi Assembly constituency map.svg
| name = Tapi
| state = [[Nagaland]]
| type= SLA
| district = [[Mon district|Mon]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland]]
| established = 1974
| constituency_no = 43
| reservation = ST
| mla = Wangpang Konyak
|party = {{Party index link|Naga People's Front}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:15220}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14874-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}
}}
'''Tapi''' is one of the 60 [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Nagaland]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/nagaland/nagaland-w.htm |title=Nagaland Legislative Assembly |website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Mon district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1974]] || rowspan=5 | [[Noke Wangnao]] || {{Full party name with color|United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
| [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || {{Full party name with color|Naga National Democratic Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
| [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}
|-
| [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || rowspan=2 | Bongnao || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || Noke Wangnao || {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}
|-
| [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Lanpha Konyak || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || rowspan=3 | Noke Wangnao || {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}
|-
| [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|-
| [[2023 elections in India#Nagaland|2023]]{{ref label|noteA|A}} || Wangpang Konyak
|}
* A{{note|notea}} by–election

== Election results ==
=== 2023 by-election ===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2023 elections in India#Nagaland|Nagaland Legislative Assembly by-election, 2023]]: Tapi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeDecNew2023/ConstituencywiseS1743.htm|title=Tapi by-election result 2023|work=ECI|access-date=3 December 2023 |archive-date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203071407/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeDecNew2023/ConstituencywiseS1743.htm}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Wangpang Konyak
|party = Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party
|votes = 10,053
|percentage = 67.84%
|change = +27.7%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Wanglem Konyak
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 4,720
|percentage = 31.85%
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 45
|percentage = 0.3
|change = +0.01%
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 5,333
|percentage = 35.99
|change = +35.43%
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 14,818
|percentage = 96.12%
|change = +0.14%
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2023 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tapi<ref>{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=3 March 2023 |date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042608/https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |archive-date=3 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Noke Wangnao]] |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=5,864 |percentage=40.14% |change=2.06%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Wanglem Konyak |party=Naga People's Front |votes=5,782 |percentage=39.58% |change=31.52% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Geihwang Konyak |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=2,770 |percentage=18.96% |change=-8.12% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Epha |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=150 |percentage=1.03% |change=-3.85% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=42 |percentage=0.29% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=82 |percentage=0.56% |change=-10.44% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,608 |percentage=95.98% |change= 4.69% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,220 |change =23.52% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |loser=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |swing= 2.06% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2018 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tapi<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3652-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2018/?do=download&r=8575&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=0b619cd94134dd7b05162acdebe1ba9f|title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2018 - Nagaland - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |date= |author= |accessdate= December 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128161430/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 13th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2018 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Noke Wangnao]] |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=4,284 |percentage=38.08% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Aphoa Konyak |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=3,047 |percentage=27.09% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lanpha Konyak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,426 |percentage=21.57% |change=-11.61% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tingthok Konyak |party=Naga People's Front |votes=907 |percentage=8.06% |change=-45.69% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Wanglem Konyak |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=549 |percentage=4.88% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=36 |percentage=0.32% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,237 |percentage=11.00% |change=-9.58% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,249 |percentage=91.29% |change= 3.00% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,322 |change =-16.44% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -15.67% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2013 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tapi<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2013 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Noke Wangnao]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=6,998 |percentage=53.75% |change=7.46% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lanpha Konyak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,319 |percentage=33.17% |change=-20.77% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Wanglem Konyak |party=Independent politician |votes=1,700 |percentage=13.06% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,679 |percentage=20.58% |change=12.93% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,019 |percentage=88.29% |change= -1.08% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,746 |change =2.41% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -0.19% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2008 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tapi<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128170532/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2008 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Lanpha Konyak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,941 |percentage=53.94% |change=23.35% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Noke Wangnao]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=5,957 |percentage=46.29% |change=13.99% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=984 |percentage=7.65% |change=5.93% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,868 |percentage=89.58% |change= -9.07% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,399 |change =35.85% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 21.64% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2003 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tapi<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623083626/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 10th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2003 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Noke Wangnao]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=3,328 |percentage=32.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lanpha Konyak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,151 |percentage=30.59% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Longmeth |party=Nationalist Democratic Movement |votes=2,794 |percentage=27.12% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aphao |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,029 |percentage=9.99% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=177 |percentage=1.72% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,302 |percentage=98.43% |change= 98.43% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,599 |change =9.78% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -24.99% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1998 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tapi<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128160926/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 9th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 1998 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Bongnao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=Uncontested |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,655 |change =2.34% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1993 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tapi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bongnao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,756 |percentage=57.29% |change=23.34% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Noke Wangnao]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=3,545 |percentage=42.71% |change=5.24% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,211 |percentage=14.59% |change=11.08% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,301 |percentage=88.31% |change= -10.49% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,434 |change =25.59% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 19.83% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1989 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tapi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Noke Wangnao]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=2,753 |percentage=37.46% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Tingnei K |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,495 |percentage=33.95% |change=3.59% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bongnao |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=2,049 |percentage=27.88% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Benthak |party=Independent politician |votes=52 |percentage=0.71% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=258 |percentage=3.51% |change=-9.33% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,349 |percentage=98.80% |change= 1.70% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,512 |change =0.00% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga National Democratic Party |swing= -5.74% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1987 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tapi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Noke Wangnao]] |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=3,125 |percentage=43.20% |change=-3.53% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. L. Tongwang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,196 |percentage=30.36% |change=3.07% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Benjei |party=Independent politician |votes=1,912 |percentage=26.43% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=929 |percentage=12.84% |change=-6.60% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,233 |percentage=97.10% |change= 4.14% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,512 |change =4.33% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga National Democratic Party |loser=Naga National Democratic Party |swing= -3.53% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1982 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tapi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Noke Wangnao]] |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=3,074 |percentage=46.73% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Benja |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,795 |percentage=27.29% |change=7.18% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. L. Tengwang |party=Independent politician |votes=1,709 |percentage=25.98% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,279 |percentage=19.44% |change=-10.96% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,578 |percentage=92.96% |change= 10.19% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,200 |change =12.78% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga National Democratic Party |loser=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |swing= -3.78% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1977 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tapi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Noke Wangnao]] |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=2,600 |percentage=50.51% |change=-9.45% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hoka Konyak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,035 |percentage=20.11% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. L. Tongwang |party=National Convention of Nagaland |votes=809 |percentage=15.72% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lanpha Konyak |party=Independent politician |votes=703 |percentage=13.66% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,565 |percentage=30.41% |change=-1.56% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,147 |percentage=82.77% |change= 6.94% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,384 |change =26.37% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |loser=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |swing= -9.45% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1974 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tapi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Noke Wangnao]] |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=2,155 |percentage=59.96% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mankho |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=1,006 |percentage=27.99% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Menyong |party=Independent politician |votes=433 |percentage=12.05% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,149 |percentage=31.97% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,594 |percentage=75.83% |change= #VALUE! }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,052 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Mon district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Nagaland}}

{{coord|26.71|95.07|display=title}}

[[Category:Mon district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Politics of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1974]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Nagaland]]

Jatusana Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:40:19Z

PercySpivakovsky: put up the pg needs work

{{Short description|Constituency of the Haryana legislative assembly in India}}

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jatusana Assembly constituency
|type= SLA
|state = [[Haryana]]
|established = 1967
|abolished = 2005
|electors = 1,55,198
|mla = Yadavendra Singh Alias Baljit Singh
|party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Jatusana Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Haryana]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || J. Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]] || [[Rao Birender Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Vishal Haryana Party}}
|-
| [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Maha Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || rowspan=2 | [[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Vishal Haryana Party}}
|-
| [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || [[Narbir Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Lokdal}}
|-
| [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || [[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || Jagdish Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Haryana Vikas Party}}
|-
| [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]] || [[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]] || Rao Yadavendra Singh
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2005 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Jatusana<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rao Yadavendra Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=39,276 |percentage=33.80% |change={{decrease}}8.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Yadav |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=37,817 |percentage=32.55% |change={{decrease}}3.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Narbir Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=31,085 |percentage=26.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghu Yadav |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=3,824 |percentage=3.29% |change={{increase}}2.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,025 |percentage=0.88% |change={{decrease}}12.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narender Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=960 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Comrade Ishwar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=636 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunita Devi |party=Bharatiya Republican Paksha |votes=536 |percentage=0.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Udham Singh |party=Lok Dal |votes=473 |percentage=0.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,459 |percentage=1.26% |change= {{decrease}}4.59 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,16,194 |percentage=74.87% |change= {{increase}}8.34 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,55,198 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.96 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}8.09 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2000 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Jatusana<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_2000/STAT_REPORT_HY_LA_2000.pdf|title= STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2000 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF HARYANA|publisher=eci.nic.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127204615/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_2000/STAT_REPORT_HY_LA_2000.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=40,443 |percentage=41.89% |change={{increase}}10.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Yadav |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=34,803 |percentage=36.05% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajinder Singh Lodha |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=13,267 |percentage=13.74% |change={{increase}}8.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Dharamvir Yadav |party=Independent politician |votes=4,032 |percentage=4.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuldip Singh |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=1,229 |percentage=1.27% |change={{decrease}}40.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satyaveer |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=986 |percentage=1.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Kumar Khola |party=Independent politician |votes=817 |percentage=0.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Capt. Ganpat Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=513 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,640 |percentage=5.84% |change= {{decrease}}3.77 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=96,536 |percentage=66.58% |change= {{increase}}2.28 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,45,101 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.87 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Haryana Vikas Party |swing= {{increase}}0.58 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Jatusana}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Yadav |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=38,185 |percentage=41.31% |change={{increase}}14.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,304 |percentage=31.70% |change={{decrease}}16.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajinder Singh Lodha |party=Samata Party |votes=16,706 |percentage=18.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,426 |percentage=4.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Omparkash |party=Independent politician |votes=505 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajender |party=Independent politician |votes=499 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,881 |percentage=9.61% |change= {{decrease}}11.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=92,430 |percentage=66.47% |change= {{increase}}6.69 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,43,852 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.49 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Haryana Vikas Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}7.37 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Jatusana<ref>{{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/stat_rep_HR_91.pdf |title= Statistical Report of General Election, 1991 to the Legislative Assembly of Haryana |publisher=Election Commission of India |accessdate=2018-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820040556/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/stat_rep_HR_91.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2018}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=34,606 |percentage=48.68% |change={{increase}}7.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Yadav |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=19,380 |percentage=27.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajinder Singh Lodha |party=Janata Party |votes=10,356 |percentage=14.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anang Pal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,091 |percentage=4.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sardar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,010 |percentage=2.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,226 |percentage=21.42% |change= {{increase}}9.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=71,085 |percentage=60.66% |change= {{decrease}}10.74 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,23,484 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.65 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{decrease}}5.05 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Jatusana<ref>{{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1987/Statistical%20Report%20Haryana%201987.pdf |title=Statistical Report of General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Haryana |publisher=Election Commission of India |accessdate=2018-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114081216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1987/Statistical%20Report%20Haryana%201987.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Narbir Singh]] |party=Lokdal |votes=40,592 |percentage=53.73% |change={{increase}}24.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=31,367 |percentage=41.52% |change={{decrease}}6.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajender |party=Independent politician |votes=1,108 |percentage=1.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sheotaj Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=771 |percentage=1.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamla Devi |party=Independent politician |votes=392 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogender |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=388 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,225 |percentage=12.21% |change= {{decrease}}6.06 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=75,548 |percentage=69.49% |change= {{increase}}5.79 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,10,597 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.02 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}5.92 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Jatusana}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=28,994 |percentage=47.81% |change={{increase}}33.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maha Singh |party=Lokdal |votes=17,912 |percentage=29.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yudhbir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=8,263 |percentage=13.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satyawan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,549 |percentage=4.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamala Devi |party=Independent politician |votes=861 |percentage=1.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Randhir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=658 |percentage=1.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=579 |percentage=0.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajit Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=455 |percentage=0.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,082 |percentage=18.27% |change= {{increase}}7.69 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=60,642 |percentage=64.05% |change= {{increase}}1.21 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,994 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.75 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Vishal Haryana Party |swing= {{increase}}8.28 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Jatusana}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=19,799 |percentage=39.53% |change={{decrease}}4.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=14,500 |percentage=28.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maha Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,100 |percentage=14.18% |change={{decrease}}40.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bansi Dhar |party=Independent politician |votes=3,445 |percentage=6.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Matadin |party=Independent politician |votes=3,099 |percentage=6.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamla Yadav |party=Independent politician |votes=628 |percentage=1.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Champadevi |party=Independent politician |votes=541 |percentage=1.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satyawan |party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) |votes=523 |percentage=1.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Banwari |party=Independent politician |votes=446 |percentage=0.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,299 |percentage=10.58% |change= {{decrease}}0.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=50,081 |percentage=62.34% |change= {{decrease}}4.83 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,681 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.66 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Vishal Haryana Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}15.44 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Jatusana<ref>{{Cite web|title=🗳️ Haryana Assembly Election 1972: LIVE Election Results, Election Dates, Schedule, Leading Candidates & Parties {{!}} Latest News Updates, Exit Polls, Analysis & Statistics on Assembly Election|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/haryana/1972/|access-date=2021-07-28|website=LatestLY|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723231520/https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/haryana/1972/|archive-date=23 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Maha Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,028 |percentage=54.97% |change={{increase}}14.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sumitra Devi |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=19,847 |percentage=43.59% |change={{decrease}}15.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Banwari |party=Independent politician |votes=653 |percentage=1.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,181 |percentage=11.38% |change= {{decrease}}7.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=45,528 |percentage=67.76% |change= {{increase}}0.56 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,834 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.06 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Vishal Haryana Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1968 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Jatusana<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1968-election-results.html|title=Haryana Assembly Election Results in 1968
|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420012759/https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1968-election-results.html}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rao Birender Singh]] |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=23,890 |percentage=59.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nihal Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,144 |percentage=40.08% |change={{decrease}}3.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chiman Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=247 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,746 |percentage=19.23% |change= {{increase}}14.76 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=40,281 |percentage=67.33% |change= {{increase}}1.83 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 61,425 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.94 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Vishal Haryana Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Jatusana}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=J. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=18,443 |percentage=48.48% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,742 |percentage=44.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Banwari |party=Independent politician |votes=1,835 |percentage=4.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=708 |percentage=1.86% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=312 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,701 |percentage=4.47% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=38,040 |percentage=66.89% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,671 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}
{{coord|28|20|N|76|33|E|display=inline,title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Haryana}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Haryana]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2005]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:2005 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Haryana-geo-stub}}

Aduthurai Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:14:41Z

PercySpivakovsky: Started New Data!

{{Short description|Former legislative Assembly constituency in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Aduthurai
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| established = 1951
| district = [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]
| loksabha_cons= [[Thanjavur Lok Sabha constituency|Thanjavur]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| mla =
| electors= 97,689
| reservation = None
| abolished= 1971
}}
'''Aduthurai''' was a [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|state assembly constituency]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The elections conducted in the constituency and winners are listed below.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Assembly
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1952 Madras State legislative assembly election|First]]
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| [[Narayanaswami Naidu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1957 Madras State legislative assembly election|Second]]
| [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[Ramamirda Thondaman]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1962 Madras State legislative assembly election|Third]]
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| [[K. S. Mani]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1967 Madras State legislative assembly election|Fourth]]
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[A. Marimuthu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Fifth]]
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| [[K. Rajamanickam]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Aduthurai<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1971 Tamil Nadu Election Results | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Rajamanickam]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=40,023 |percentage=51.26% |change=8.81% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Marimuthu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=38,060 |percentage=48.74% |change=0.22% }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,963 |percentage=2.51% |change=-3.56% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=78,083 |percentage=82.25% |change= -2.18% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,689 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 2.74% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Aduthurai<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= 1967 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |date=19 April 2009 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Marimuthu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=36,537 |percentage=48.52% |change=5.38% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. G. Mani |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=31,965 |percentage=42.45% |change=-10.93% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. M. Govindarajan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=5,353 |percentage=7.11% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Govinmdarasan |party=Independent politician |votes=975 |percentage=1.29% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Manian |party=Independent politician |votes=474 |percentage=0.63% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,572 |percentage=6.07% |change=-4.17% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=75,304 |percentage=84.43% |change= 7.32% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,525 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -4.86% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Aduthurai<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. S. Mani]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=39,750 |percentage=53.38% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ramamirtha Thondaman |party=Indian National Congress |votes=32,125 |percentage=43.14% |change=-11.02% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mahalinga Padayachi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,330 |percentage=1.79% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sathivel |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes=1,257 |percentage=1.69% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,625 |percentage=10.24% |change=-25.36% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=74,462 |percentage=77.12% |change= 21.48% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 100,303 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -0.78% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1957===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Aduthurai<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Ramamirtha Thondaiman]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,516 |percentage=54.16% |change=-3.37% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mohammed Amirdeen |party=Independent politician |votes=10,114 |percentage=18.56% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mohammed Hussain |party=Independent politician |votes=7,720 |percentage=14.17% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dharmalingam |party=Independent politician |votes=6,136 |percentage=11.26% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Arunachalam |party=Independent politician |votes=1,010 |percentage=1.85% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,402 |percentage=35.60% |change=5.61% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=54,496 |percentage=55.64% |change= -10.81% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,950 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= -3.37% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Aduthurai<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Narayanaswami Naidu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,107 |percentage=57.53% |change=57.53% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Samiyappa Mudaliar |party=Justice Party (India) |votes=12,496 |percentage=27.54% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sivagurunatha Pillai |party=Independent politician |votes=5,318 |percentage=11.72% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Anantharama Bhagavathar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,455 |percentage=3.21% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,611 |percentage=30.00% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=45,376 |percentage=66.45% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,288 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |accessdate=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archivedate=5 October 2010 }}

{{coord|11.017489|79.480526|display=title}}
{{Defunct assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Thanjavur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1971]]
[[Category:1971 disestablishments in India]]

Zij as-Sindhind

2026-04-14T00:20:13Z

PercySpivakovsky: put up initial entry w/ infobox

{{Short description|Translated astronomy text}}
{{Italic title}}'''''Zīj as-Sindhind''''' ({{Langx|ar|زيج السندهند الكبير}}, ''Zīj as‐Sindhind al‐Kabīr'', lit. "Great Astronomical Tables of the Sindhind"; from [[Sanskrit]] ''siddhānta'', "system" or "treatise") is a work of [[zij]] (astronomical handbook with tables used to calculate celestial positions) brought in the early 770s AD to the court of Caliph [[al-Mansur]] in [[Baghdad]] from [[Sindh]] in present day [[Pakistan]]. Al-Mansur requested an Arabic translation of this work from the Sanskrit. The 8th-century astronomer and translator [[Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī]] is known to have contributed to this translation.{{sfn|Plofker|2007}} In his book ''Ṭabaqāt al-ʼUmam'' "Categories of Nations",{{sfn|Andalusī |Salem|Kumar |1991}} [[Said al-Andalusi]] informs that others who worked on it include [[ibn Sa'd]] and [[Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi]]. He adds that its meaning is ''al-dahr al-dahir'' (infinite time or cyclic time).

== Content ==

This is the first of many Arabic zijs based on the Indian astronomical methods known as the Sindhind. The work contains tables for the movements of the sun, the moon and the five planets known at the time. It consists of approximately 37 chapters on calendar and astronomical calculations and 116 tables with calendar, astronomical and astrological data, as well as a table of sine values. {{citation needed|date=October 2013}}

As described by Said al-Andalusi, as-Sindhind divides time into cyclic periods of creation and destruction which are called [[kalpa (time)|kalpas]].

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book |last1=Andalusī |first1=Ṣāʻid ibn Aḥmad |last2=Salem |first2=Semaʻan I. |last3=Kumar |first3=Alok |title=Science in the Medieval World: Book of the Categories of Nations |date=1991 |publisher=[[University of Texas Press]] |location=Austin, Texas |isbn=0292704690 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcN7AAAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor = Thomas Hockey | display-editors = etal | last = Plofker | first = Kim |author-link=Kim Plofker | title=Fazārī: Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al‐Fazārī | encyclopedia = The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers | publisher = Springer | date = 2007 | location = New York | pages = 362–3 | url=http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Fazari_BEA.htm | isbn=978-0-387-31022-0 }} ([http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Fazari_BEA.pdf PDF version])

[[Category:Astronomical works of the medieval Islamic world]]
[[Category:History of astronomy]]
[[Category:Astronomy in India]]
[[Category:Astronomical tables]]

{{astronomy-book-stub}}

Amarapuram, Sri Sathya Sai district

2026-04-06T01:16:11Z

PercySpivakovsky:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Amarapuram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Telugu
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|14.1333|N|76.9833|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sri Sathya Sai district|Sri Sathya Sai]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh|Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = Amarapuram
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 603
| population_total = 52,717
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 515281
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08493
| registration_plate = AP02
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = Hindupur
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Madakasira
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|hot]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Amarapuram''' is a village in [[Penukonda revenue division]] and [[mandal]] of [[Sri Sathya Sai district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Anantapur District Mandals|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/28part32.pdf|publisher=Census of India|accessdate=6 June 2017|pages=416|format=PDF}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Amarapuram is located at {{Coord|14.1333|N|76.9833|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Amarapuram.html Fallingrain genomics – Amarapuram]</ref> It has an average elevation of 603 metres (1981 ft).

== Demographics ==
According to [[Indian census]], 2001, the demographic details of Amarapuram mandal is as follows:<ref>[http://www.ourvillageindia.org/Place.aspx?PID=28490 Amarapuram at Our Village India.org]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* Total Population: 52,717 in 10,554 Households.
* Male Population: 26,854 and Female Population: 25,863
* Children Under 6-years of age: 7,136 (Boys – 3,663 and Girls – 3,473)
* Total Literates: 23,186

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Sri Sathya Sai district]]
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Sri Sathya Sai district]]

National Highway 717A (India)

2026-04-02T07:40:11Z

PercySpivakovsky: created new entry

{{Short description|National highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}

{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 717A
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|zoom=8|frame-lat=27.02|frame-long=88.64|frame-align=center|type=line|id=Q56046991|stroke-width=3|title=National Highway 717A}}
| map_custom = yes
| map_notes = Map of the National Highway 717A in red
| length_km = 200
| direction_a = South
| direction_b = North
| terminus_a = [[Bagrakote]], [[West Bengal]]
| terminus_b = [[Gangtok]], [[Sikkim]]
| junction =
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route = 17
| next_route = 10
| states = [[West Bengal]], [[Sikkim]]
| districts = [[Jalpaiguri District]], [[Kalimpong District]], [[Pakyong District]], [[East Sikkim district|Gangtok District]]
| destinations = [[Bagrakote]] - [[Chuikhim]] - [[Nimbong|Nimbong Bazaar]] - [[Loleygaon]] - [[Lava, West Bengal|Lava]] - [[Algarah]] - [[Pedong]] - [[Rhenock]] - [[Rorathang]] - [[Pakyong Airport]] - [[Pakyong|Pakyong Bazaar]] - [[Ranipool]] - [[Gangtok]].
}}

'''National Highway 717A''', commonly referred to as '''NH 717A''' is a [[National Highway (India)|National Highway]] in [[India]] which is a part of the [[Bharatmala|Bharatmala Pariyojana]] of [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]], [[Government of India]].<ref name=":122">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2016/168094.pdf|title=New highways notification dated Feb, 2016|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=10 Aug 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> NH 717-A starts from [[National Highway 17 (India)|National Highway 17]] at [[Bagrakote]] and ends in [[Gangtok]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=10 Aug 2018}}</ref> NH-717A traverses the states of [[West Bengal]] and [[Sikkim]] in India. It runs through two districts of West Bengal ([[Jalpaiguri district]] and [[Kalimpong district]]) and two of Sikkim ([[Pakyong District]] and [[East Sikkim district|Gangtok District]]). The highway is being constructed and maintained by the [[National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited]] (NHIDCL).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India as on 30.06.2017|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=10 Aug 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://forestsclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Addinfo/0_0_10119123012151executivesummaryDPR.pdf|title=Detailed Project Report for NH-717A|website=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]] - [[Government of India]]|access-date=10 Aug 2018}}</ref>

: {{jct|NH|17|country=IND}}

[[File:Into the mist, above the clouds towards Kaffer, Kalimpong from Siliguri.webm|thumb|602x602px|The view before reaching Kaffer, Kalimpong district, West Bengal, along the route of 717A connecting Bagrakote to Gangtok.|center]]
== Current Route ==

===West Bengal===
[[Bagrakote]] - Selroti Bridge - [[Chuikhim]] - [[Nimbong|Nimbong Bazaar]] - [[Loleygaon]] - [[Lava, West Bengal|Lava]] 9th Mile - [[Algarah]] Bypass - [[Pedong]] - Kataray - West Bengal-Sikkim Rishi Border.<ref name=":122" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1222">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2016/168966.pdf|title=Route correction notification for NH 717A dated April, 2016|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=11 Aug 2018}}</ref>

===Sikkim ===
West Bengal-Sikkim Rishi Border - [[Rhenock]] Bypass - [[Rorathang]] - [[Pacheykhani]] - [[Pakyong Airport]] Bypass - [[Pakyong|Pakyong Bazaar]] - [[Ranipool]] - [[Gangtok]].<ref name=":122" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1222" />

== Old Route ==
The earlier alignment of NH717A used to start from Damdim More on [[National Highway 17 (India)|National Highway 17]] & going via Gorubathan, Ambeok Tea Garden, Pankhasari, Lava, Pedong, Rhenock, Rorathang & Pakyong ending on [[National Highway 10 (India)|National Highway 10]] at Ranipool covering {{convert|138|km|mi}} distance. Since this route is prone to Landslides & Blockades, NHAI is making alternate All weather route via [[Bagrakote]] - Selroti Bridge - [[Chuikhim]] - [[Nimbong|Nimbong Bazaar]] - [[Loleygaon]].

== Junctions ==
{{RJL|date=November 2021}}

Terminal near Bagrakote.<ref name=":122" />
: {{jct|NH|717B|country=IND}} Terminal near Rhenock.<ref name=":122" />
: {{jct|NH|10|country=IND}} Terminal near Gangtok.<ref name=":122" />

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/11661294 NH 717A on OpenStreetMap]

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH17 sr}}
{{National and State Highways in West Bengal}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Sikkim]]
[[Category:National highways in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Transport in Gangtok]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

First Anglo-Mysore War

2026-03-28T21:38:49Z

PercySpivakovsky: minor corrected section based on references further and improved wording based on references

{{Short description|Conflict in India between the Sultanate of Mysore and the British East India Company}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = First Anglo-Mysore War
| partof = the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars]]
| image = Anglo-Mysore War 1 and 2.png
| image_size = 300
| caption = A map of the war theatre
| date = 1767–1769
| place = [[South India]]
| result = Mysorean victory<ref>{{Cite book |last=G.S.Chhabra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkDi6rVbckoC&dq=Peshwa+Madhav+Rao+I+Moti+Talab&pg=PA53 |title=Advance Study in the History of Modern India (Volume-1: 1707-1803) |date=2005 |publisher=Lotus Press |isbn=978-81-89093-06-8 |pages=53 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Treaty of Madras]]{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|p=58}}
| territory =
| combatant1 = {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Mysore}}
*{{flagicon image|Arakkal flag 1.png}} [[Arakkal Kingdom]]<hr>[[File:Flag of the State of Hyderabad (18th century-1900).svg|22px]] [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] (defected in 1768)
*[[Savanur State]]
*{{flagicon image|Drapeau Banganapalle.png}} [[Banganapalle State]]
| combatant2 = {{flag|East India Company|1707}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Nawab.svg}} [[Carnatic state]]
| commander1 = {{plainlist|
*{{flagdeco|Kingdom of Mysore}} [[Hyder Ali|Haider Ali]]
*{{flagdeco|Kingdom of Mysore}} [[Latif Ali Beg]]
*{{flagdeco|Kingdom of Mysore}} [[Makdum Ali]]
*{{flagdeco|Kingdom of Mysore}} [[Tipu Sultan]]
*{{flagdeco|Kingdom of Mysore}} [[Reza Sahib]]
*{{flagicon image|Drapeau Banganapalle.png}} [[Husain Ali Khan Bahadur]]
*[[File:Flag of the State of Hyderabad (18th century-1900).svg|22px]] [[Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II|Asaf Jah II]] (defected in 1768)}}
| commander2 = {{plainlist|
*{{flagdeco|East India Company|1707}} Joseph Smith
*{{flagdeco|East India Company|1707}} John Wood
*{{flagdeco|East India Company|1707}} [[Colonel]] Brooks
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Nawab.svg}} [[Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah|Wallajah]]}}
}}
{{Campaignbox First Anglo-Mysore War}}
{{Campaignbox Anglo-Mysore Wars}}

The '''First Anglo-Mysore War''' (1767–1769) was a conflict in [[Mughal India|India]] between the [[Sultanate of Mysore]] and the [[East India Company]]. The war was instigated in part by the machinations of [[Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II|Asaf Jah II]], the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], who sought to divert the company's resources from attempts to gain control over the [[Northern Circars]].

==Background==
The eighteenth century was a period of great turmoil in Indian subcontinent. Although the century opened with much of the subcontinent under the control of the [[Mughal Empire]], the death in 1707 of Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] resulted in the fracturing of the empire, and a struggle among viceroys and other local rulers for territory.{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|pp=19–23}} In the 1740s and 1750s, French and British colonial companies became more active in these local conflicts. By the [[Third Carnatic War]] (1757–1763), the British had gained somewhat solid footholds at [[Bombay]], [[Madras]], and [[Calcutta]], and had also marginalised (although not eliminated) the influence of other colonial powers. Their eastern holdings at Madras were strongly influenced by treaties with the [[Nawab of Carnatic]], [[Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah]], whose territory surrounded Madras. The other major powers in the east were the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], formerly a viceroyalty of the Mughal Empire but declared independent in the 1720s, held in the 1760s by [[Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II|Asaf Jah II]], and the [[Sultanate of Mysore]], which occupied the high plains between the [[Eastern Ghats|Eastern]] and [[Western Ghats]], the mountain ranges separating the coastal plains of India from the interior.

Nominally ruled by the [[Wodeyar dynasty]], Mysore had come into the hands of [[Hyder Ali]], a Muslim military leader, in 1761.{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|p=33}} Each of these powers intrigued with and against the others, and sought to draw the power of the French and British colonial companies to serve their objectives. The colonial powers sought to influence the local powers to gain either direct control of territory, or the revenues from territory nominally controlled by a local ruler beholden to them for financial and military support. Since European military training was significantly better than local practices, the latter was particularly important; small numbers of disciplined European or European-trained forces could defeat larger Indian armies composed mainly of poorly trained infantry and cavalry.{{sfnp|Duff|1878|pp=607–608}}

==Causes of war==
[[File:The North Entrance Into The Fort Of Bangalore -with Tipu's flag flying-.jpg|thumb|The flag of the [[Sultanate of Mysore]].]]

The British East India Company, seeking an overland connection between its holdings at [[Madras]] and [[Bengal]], sought to gain access to the [[Northern Circars]], a series of coastal territories held by the French until 1758, when they were ousted with British military support. They had applied to the Nizam, offering to pay rent well above that he was currently receiving from the nawab of Arcot; the Nizam rejected their offers.{{sfnp|Duff|1878|p=651}} Lord [[Robert Clive]] next applied to [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Shah Alam II]], who in August 1765 issued a decree granting the company rights to that territory.{{sfnp|Duff|1878|p=652}}

At the same time, the Nizam was involved in an alliance with the Marathas. Both he and the Marathas' ruling [[peshwa]], [[Madhavrao I]] were concerned over the expansionist threat posed by Hyder Ali. After assisting the Marathas in dealing with one of their confederates 1765, the allies began developing plans to invade Mysore. When the British began occupying the Northern Circars in March 1766, the Nizam objected, issuing threatening letters to company authorities in Madras.{{sfnp|Regani|1988|p=130}} He considered going to war against the company, but his poor financial condition made this impossible.{{sfnp|Regani|1988|p=131}} Instead he negotiated a treaty with the company in November 1766. Under its terms the company received four of the five circar immediately ([[Guntur district|Guntur]], the fifth, having been granted to the Nizam's son as a [[jaghir]], was to be delivered upon the son's death) in exchange for 7 lakh rupees or military support to the Nizam in his endeavours. One historian describes the Nizam's agreement to the treaty as one of financial necessity, and that he was "resentful" of English power.{{sfnp|Regani|1988|pp=133–134}} Pursuant to this treaty, the company provided two battalions of troops to the Nizam. Under the treaty, there were no limits placed on the number of troops the Nizam could request, nor were there checks on the uses (offensive or defensive) to which he could put them.{{sfnp|Regani|1988|p=131}}

Conflict involving Madras authorities, [[Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah]] and [[Tipu Sultan]], was also simmering. [[Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah|Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah]], allied to the [[British Empire|British]], whose [[territory]] he surrounded, was upset that Hyder was harboring opponents of his, including his older brother Mahfuhz Khan, and [[Raje Vishveshvar Rao|Raja Saheb]], the son of [[Chanda Sahib|Chanda Saheb]], a previous contender for the throne of the Carnatic. Hyder was annoyed that the [[British Empire|British]] had established a fortified outpost at [[Vellore]], and that the company had several times rebuffed his offers of [[alliance]]. An offer he made in late 1766 was rejected because the local company council viewed it as incompatible with the treaty signed with the Nizam. The First Anglo-Mysore War saw [[Hyder Ali]] gain some measures of success against the British, almost capturing [[Chennai|Madras]].{{sfnp|Regani|1988|p=129}}

==Course of the war==
[[File:Kistnagherry Krishnagiri.jpg|thumb|Krishnagiri fort was besieged in the First Anglo-Mysore War in 1768, and finally surrendered to the British, who held it briefly]]
The war began in January 1767, when the Marathas, possibly anticipating movements by the Nizam, invaded northern Mysore. They reached as far south as the [[Tunghabadhra River]], before Haider entered into negotiations to end the invasion. In exchange for payments of 30 [[lakh]]s rupees the Marathas agreed to withdraw north of the [[Krishna River]]; by March, when the Nizam began his invasion, they had already withdrawn. According to Mysore historian Mark Wilks, this action by the Marathas was a somewhat typical move to acquire wealth that might otherwise be claimed by other belligerents.{{sfnp|Duff|1878|p=653}} The Nizam advanced as far as [[Bangalore]], accompanied by two battalions of company troops under Colonel Joseph Smith.{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|p=306}}

In May, Smith discovered that Hyder and the Nizam were negotiating an alliance, he consequently withdrew most of his troops to the Carnatic frontier.{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|p=306}} The deal struck between the two powers to join against the British. The alliance accord stated that Hyder Ali was to pay Rs. 18 lakhs to the Nizam for him to be able to pay off the Marathas who in turn would end their invasion of the southern regions whereas Nizam was to consider Hyder's son [[Tipu Sultan]] as Nawab of the Carnatic subsequent to the claim of Carnatic territory.

This diplomatic maneuvering resulted in an attack against a company outpost at Changama by the combined Mysore and Hyderabad army under Hyder's command.{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|p=49}}{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|p=312}} Despite significantly outnumbering the British force (British estimates place the allied army size at 70,000 to the British 7,000), the allies repulsed the British causing them heavy losses. Hyder moved on to capture [[Kaveripattinam]] after two days of siege, while Colonel Smith, who commanded at Changama, eventually retreated to [[Tiruvannamalai]] for supplies and reinforcements.{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|p=49}}{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|p=311}} There Haider again attacked, and was [[Battle of Tiruvannamalai|decisively repulsed]] on 26 September 1767.{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|p=50}} With the onset of the monsoon season, Haider opted to continue campaigning rather than adopting the usual practice of suspending operations because of the difficult conditions the weather created for armies.{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|p=322}} After overrunning a few lesser outposts, he [[Siege of Ambur|besieged Ambur]] in November 1767, forcing the British to resume campaigning.{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|p=323}} The British garrison commander refused large bribes offered by Haider in exchange for surrender, and the arrival of a relief column in early December forced Haider to lift the siege.{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|p=324}} He retreated northward, covering the movements of the Nizam's forces, but was disheartened when an entire corps of European cavalry deserted to the British.{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|p=326}} The failures of this campaign, combined with successful British advances in the Northern Circars and secret negotiations between the British and the Nizam, led to a split between Haider and the Nizam. The latter withdrew back to Hyderabad and eventually negotiated a new treaty with the British company in 1769. Haider, apparently seeking an end to the conflict, made peace overtures to the British, but was rebuffed.{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|pp=328–329}}

[[File:Mir Nizam Ali Khan.jpg|thumb|[[Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II|Asaf Jah II]] opposed the [[East India Company]] in 1766,{{sfnp|Regani|1988|p=130}} and initially allied himself with Haider Ali during the First Anglo-Mysore War, particularly during the [[Battle of Chengam]],{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|p=49}}{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|p=312}} but later abandoned Mysore's cause in 1768.]]

In early 1768, [[Bombay Presidency|company authorities]] in Bombay organised an expedition to Mysore's Malabar coast territories. Hyder had established a small fleet, based primarily in the port of [[Mangalore]], in the mid-1760s. This fleet, which the British reported as numbering about ten ships, deserted en masse, apparently because the captains were unhappy with Lutf Ali Beg, a Mysorean cavalry officer, as fleet commander.{{sfnp|Sen|1993|pp=147–148}} Owing to a British deception, Lutf Ali Beg also withdrew much of the Mangalore garrison to move on what he perceived to be the British target, [[Honnavar|Onore]]. The British consequently occupied Mangalore against minimal opposition in February.{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|p=331}} This activity, combined with the loss of the Nizam as an ally, prompted Hyder to withdraw from the Carnatic, and move with speed to the Malabar. Dispatching his son Tipu with an advance force, Haider followed, and eventually retook Mangalore and the other ports held by the over-extended British forces.{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|p=331}}{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|p=51}} He also levied additional taxes as punishment against rebellious Nair districts that had supported the British.{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|p=51}}

During Haider's absence from the Carnatic, the British recovered many places that Hyder had taken and only weakly garrisoned, and advanced as far south as [[Dindigul]].{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|p=52}} They also convinced the Marathas to enter the conflict, and a large force of theirs, under the command of Morari Rao, joined with Colonel Smith at [[Hoskote|Ooscota]] in early August 1768.{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|p=340}} This army then began preparations to besiege Bangalore, but Hyder returned to Bangalore from the Malabar on 9 August, in time to harass the allies before the siege could begin.{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|pp=341–342}} On 22 August Hyder [[Battle of Ooscota|attacked the Maratha camp]] at Ooscota, but was repulsed with heavy losses.{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|p=342}} Hyder was then foiled in an attempt to prevent the arrival of a second British column at the allied camp; the strength of these combined forces convinced him to retreat from Bangalore toward [[Gurramkonda]], where he was reinforced by his brother in law.{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|p=53}} He also attempted diplomatic measures to prevent a siege of Bangalore, offering to pay ten lakhs rupees and grant other land concessions in exchange for peace. The British countered with an aggressive list of demands that included payments of tribute to the Nizam and larger land concessions to the British East India Company. Hyder specifically refused to deal with Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah, whose lands were where much of the fighting had taken place, and a man Hyder intensely disliked. The negotiations failed to reach common ground.{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|p=53}}

On 3 October, Hyder, while moving his army from Guuramkonda back toward Bangalore, surprised a small garrison of Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah's men at a rock fort called Mulabagilu, near Hosakote. British reinforcements were sent, and Colonel Wood was able to recover the lower fort but not the upper. The next day he went out with a few companies of men to investigate movements that might have been cover for enemy reinforcements. This small force, numbering four companies, [[Battle of Mulwagal|was surrounded]] by Hyder's entire army.{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|p=346}} A stratagem by another officer, Colonel Brooks, prevented the loss of this detachment; Colonel Brooks and another two companies dragged two cannons to the top of a nearby rise, and Brooks called out "Smith! Smith!" while firing the cannons.{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|p=347}} Both sides interpreted this to mean that Colonel Smith was arriving in force, and Hyder's troops began to retreat. This enabled Colonel Wood to join with Brooks and other reinforcements from Mulwagal before Hyder realised he had been fooled.{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|p=347}} Hyder renewed his attack, but was eventually repulsed with heavy losses: he was estimated to lose 1,000 men while the British lost about 200.{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|p=348}} The severity of the conflict convinced Colonel Smith that he would be unable to effectively besiege Bangalore without first inflicting a major defeat on Hyder in open battle.{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|p=54}} Company officials blamed Smith for the failure to decisively defeat Hyder, and recalled him to Madras. Hyder took the opportunity to besiege [[Hosur]], and Colonel Wood marched in relief of the town. As Wood approached, Hyder raised the siege, sneaked around Wood's column, and [[Battle of Bagalur|attacked his baggage train]] near [[Bagalur, Krishnagiri district|Bagalur]]. Hyder successfully captured supplies and arms, and drove Wood in disgrace toward [[Venkatagiri]].{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|p=55}} Wood was consequently recalled and replaced by Colonel Lang.{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|p=56}}

Hyder then raised additional forces in Mysore and went on the offensive. In November 1768 he split his army into two, and crossed the ghats into the Carnatic, regaining control of many minor posts held by the British. En route to [[Erode]] Hyder overwhelmed one contingent of British, who were sent as prisoners to Seringapatam when it was established that one of its officers was fighting in violation of a parole agreement. After rapidly establishing control over much of the southern Carnatic, his march turned toward Madras.{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|p=56}} This prompted the British to send an envoy to discuss peace; because of Hyder's insistence that the nawab of the Carnatic be excluded from the negotiations, they went nowhere. Hyder then surprised company authorities by taking a picked force of 6,000 cavalry and a small number of infantry, and made a three-day forced march of {{convert|130|mi|km}} to the gates of Madras.{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|p=57}}

This show of force compelled the company to negotiate further, since Madras had been left nearly defenceless by military movements made to counter those of Hyder's main force.{{sfnp|Wilks|1869|pp=367–369}} Hyder, who was seeking diplomatic leverage against the Marathas, wanted an alliance of mutual defence and offence.{{sfnp|Duff|1878|p=668}} The company refused to accede to an offensive military treaty; the [[Treaty of Madras]] signed on 29 March 1769 had terms that each would support the other if attacked.{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|p=58}}<ref name=Naravane>{{Cite book |last=Naravane |first=M. S. |title=Battles of the Honourable East India Company: Making of the Raj |place=New Delhi|publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |year=2014 |isbn=978-81-313-0034-3 |pages=172–173}}</ref>

==Consequences==
[[Hyder Ali]], apparently emboldened by the agreement with the British, engaged in war with the Marathas in 1770, and asked the British support them if and when the Marathas penetrated Mysorean territory.{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|pp=59–82}} The British refused to assist him, even though they were also [[First Anglo-Maratha War|drawn into conflict]] with the Marathas in the 1770s. Hyder's battles did not fully end until 1779, when the Marathas negotiated an alliance with him and the [[Nizam]] for united action against the British. This led to the beginning of the [[Second Anglo-Mysore War]] in 1780.{{sfnp|Bowring|1899|pp=80–84}} This conflict devastated much of the Carnatic, and also failed to decisively resolve differences between Mysore and the British. Resolution occurred in 1799 with the defeat and killing of Hyder's son [[Tipu Sultan]], and the restoration of the Wodeyars as British clients.

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
* {{cite book|last=Bowring|first=Lewin Bentham|author-link=Lewin Bentham Bowring|title=Haidar Alí and Tipú Sultán, and the Struggle with the Musalmán Powers of the South|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1899|location=Oxford|oclc=11827326|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v80NAAAAIAAJ}}
* {{cite book|last=Brittlebank|first=Kate|title=Tipu Sultan's Search for Legitimacy|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1999|location=Delhi|isbn=978-0-19-563977-3|oclc=246448596}}
* {{cite book|last=Chitnis|first=Krishnaji Nageshrao|title=The Nawabs of Savanur|publisher=Atlantic Publishers and Distributors|location=New Delhi|year=2000|isbn=978-81-7156-521-4|oclc=231937582}}
* {{Cite book|last= D'Souza|first= A. L. P.|title= History of the Catholic Community of South Kanara|year= 1983|publisher= Desco Publishers|location=Mangalore|oclc=11536326}}
* {{cite book|last=Duff|first=James Grant|author-link=James Grant Duff|title=History of the Mahrattas, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tYscAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA652|year=1878|publisher=Times of India Office|location=London and Bombay|oclc=23116888}}
* {{cite book|last=Lethbridge|first=Roger|title=The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled or Decorated, of the Indian Empire|publisher=Macmillan|year=1893|location=London and New York|oclc=3104377|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3kwoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA94}}
* {{cite book|last1=Narasimha|first1=Roddam|author-link1=Roddam Narasimha|last2=Srinivasan |first2=Jagannathan|last3=Biswas |first3=S. K.|title=The Dynamics of Technology: Creation and Diffusion of Skills and Knowledge|publisher=Sage Publications|location=New Delhi|year=2003|isbn=978-0-7619-9670-5|oclc=231988745}}
* {{cite book|last=Rao Punganuri|first=Ram Chandra|editor-last=Brown|editor-first=Charles Philip |editor-link=Charles Philip Brown|title=Memoirs of Hyder and Tippoo: Rulers of Seringapatam, Written in the Mahratta Language|publisher=Simkins|year=1849|location=Madras|oclc=123942796|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_7QIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5}} Rao Punganuri was, according to Brown, in the employ of both Hyder and Tipu.
* {{cite book|last=Regani|first=Sarojini|title=Nizam–British Relations, 1724–1857|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Fb26pWqhScC&pg=PA130|year=1988|publisher=Concept Publishing|isbn=978-81-7022-195-1|orig-year=1963|location=New Delhi|oclc=221315464}}
* {{cite book|last=Sen|first=Surendra Nath|title=Studies in Indian History: Historical Records at Goa|publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=1993|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-206-0773-6|oclc=257994044}}
* {{cite book|last=Subramanian|first=K. R.|title=The Maratha Rajas of Tanjore|publisher=self-published|year=1928|oclc=249773661|location=Mylapore, Madras}}
* {{cite book|last1=Tour|first1=Maistre de la |last2=Mohammed|first2=Gholam|title=The History of Hyder Shah, Alias Hyder Ali Khan Bahadur|publisher=W. Thacker|location=London|year=1855|oclc=65664006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dKoBAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3}} Biography of Hyder and memoir by one of his French officers; coauthor Gholam Mohammed was Tipu Sultan's son.
* {{cite book|last=Wilks|first=Mark|author-link=Mark Wilks|title=Historical Sketches of the South of India, in an Attempt to Trace the History of Mysoor|publisher=Higginbotham|year=1869|edition=2nd|oclc=460735564|location=Madras|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GrgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1}}
* {{cite book|title=Journal of the United Service Institution of India, Volume 32|publisher=United Service Institution of India|year=1903|location=New Delhi|oclc=1770956}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=[[Anglo-Mysore Wars]]|years=|before=—|after=[[Second Anglo-Mysore War]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{British colonial campaigns}}
{{Indian Independence Movement}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anglo-Mysore War 01}}
[[Category:1766 in India]]
[[Category:1768 in India]]
[[Category:1769 in India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1766]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1768]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1769]]
[[Category:Wars involving British India]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Kingdom of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Wars involving the British East India Company]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Kingdom of Mysore]]

Rudrapur, Uttarakhand

2026-03-27T04:17:40Z

PercySpivakovsky: brief improve intro for accuracy and corrected details

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rudrapur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a =Radisson, rudrapur 2015.jpg{{!}}Radisson Hotel
| photo2a = Atariya temple, rudrapur.jpg{{!}}Atariya temple
| photo2b = Millenium park portrait.jpg{{!}}Gandhi Park
| photo3a = Metropolis mall rudrapur.jpg{{!}}Metropolis mall
| size = 275 |border= black |spacing= 0.7 |color=none
}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = '''Clockwise from top:''' Radisson Hotel, Gandhi Park, Metropolis mall and Atariya temple.
| pushpin_map = India Uttarakhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttarakhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.98|N|79.40|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttarakhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Uttarakhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Udham Singh Nagar district|Udham Singh Nagar]]
| established_title1 = Founded
| established_date1 = 1588
| established_title2 = Municipality
| established_date2 = 1942
| founder = [[Chand kings#List of Chand Kings|Rudra Chand]]
| named_for = Raja Shri Shri Rudra Chand
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = [[Rudrapur Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Vikas Sharma
| leader_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| leader_title2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]]
| leader_name2 = [[Ajay Bhatt (politician)|Ajay Bhatt]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| leader_title3 = [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| leader_name3 = [[Shiv Arora]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| leader_name4 = Mahesh Chandra Pathak, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title4 = [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 47.65
| elevation_footnotes = <ref>https://en-in.topographic-map.com/map-c9gl3q/Rudrapur/?center=28.97165%2C79.39711&zoom=15&popup=28.97059%2C79.39751</ref>
| elevation_m = 217
| population_total = 140,857<ref>https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/26-rudrapur.html</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="cen11city"/>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro = 154,554<ref>https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/26-rudrapur.html</ref>
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="cen11ua"/>
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Native
| demographics1_info2 = [[Bengali language |Bengali]], [[kauravi dialect|Khariboli]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]], [[Tharu languages|Tharu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 263153
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91-5944
| registration_plate = UK-06
| website = {{URL|nagarnigamrudrapur.com}}
| footnotes =
| official_name = Nagar Nigam Rudrapur
| image_seal = Rudrapur_City_Seal.jpg
| seal_size = 250px
}}

'''Rudrapur''' is a city that serves as the headquarters of the [[Udham Singh Nagar district]] in the Indian state of [[Uttarakhand]]. Located at a distance of about {{convert|250|km|abbr=on}} northeast of [[New Delhi]] and {{convert|250|km|abbr=on}} south of [[Dehradun]], Rudrapur is located in the fertile [[Terai]] plains in the southern part of [[Kumaon division]] over an area of 27.65 km2. With a population of 140,857 according to the [[2011 Census of India|2011 census of India]], it is the [[List of cities in Uttarakhand by population|5th most populous city of Uttarakhand]].

Rudrapur was established in the 16th century by [[Chand kings#List of Chand Kings|King Rudra Chand]] of [[Kumaon Kingdom|Kumaon]] to serve as the seat of the governor of the southern [[Tarai]] plains of the kingdom. Since the establishment of the [[State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand|SIDCUL]] industrial area in its vicinity, the city has undergone rapid development, along with literacy growth and higher employment. Rudrapur is a major industrial and [[List of educational institutions in Rudrapur, Uttarakhand|educational]] hub of the state.

In this area, some artesian water wells produce water under pressure and no pump is required.<ref>{{Cite web|title=District Udham Singh Nagar at a Glance|url=http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Uttarakhand/UdhamSinghNagar.pdf|access-date=1 July 2020}}</ref> However, in the last two decades, this auto-flow system has drastically declined, leading Rudrapur into a groundwater crisis.<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 21, 2019|first=Aakash |last=Ahuja |title=Uttarakhand's Udham Singh Nagar district: In rice bowl of Uttarakhand, dwindling groundwater a big problem |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/uttarakhand-nonseasonal-crops-reason-for-water-crisis-in-udham-singh-nagar/articleshow/68967260.cms|access-date=2020-07-01|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The name "Rudrapur" comprises two words "Rudra" and "Pur". It is believed to be named after the King Rudra Chandra who was handed over this region by the Emperor Akbar in 1588.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History {{!}} District UdhamSinghNagar, Government Of Uttarakhand {{!}} India|url=https://usnagar.nic.in/history/|access-date=2020-10-01}}</ref> Pur is a placename element common to the Indian subcontinent which is derived from the Sanskrit word 'pura' which refers to a city or settlement.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-18|title=Largest "pur" suffix cities of India and beyond|url=https://panethos.wordpress.com/2019/12/18/largest-pur-suffix-cities-of-india-and-beyond/|access-date=2020-10-01|website=Panethos}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Ruins of Temple.jpg|thumb|left|Ruins of the Ancient city of Govisana at [[Kashipur, Uttarakhand|Kashipur]]. Govisana is the earliest known settlement in the region, visited by the Chinese pilgrim [[Xuanzang]] in the 7th century.]]
The [[Terai]] area, where Rudrapur is located was considered an impenetrable forest for much of the ancient period. Marshy land, extreme heat, rains which lasted months, wild animals, diseases and no means of transportation prevented people from settling here. No historical settlements, except [[Kashipur, Uttarakhand|Govishana]] ({{convert|50|km|mi}} northwest of the city), has been recorded in the area.<ref name="asiatic">{{cite book|title=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal|year=1832|publisher=Asiatic Society|url=https://archive.org/details/journalasiatics30benggoog}}</ref>{{rp|174–175}}

Mughal historians mention that the [[Chand kings|Chand ruler]] of [[Champawat]], ''Gyan Chand'', visited [[Delhi Sultanate]] and received the regions of [[Bhabar]]–[[Terai]] up to the [[Ganges]] as a grant from then Sultan;<ref name="dsal">{{cite web|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 18, page 324|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_330.gif|website=dsal.uchicago.edu|publisher=Digital South Asia Library|access-date=13 July 2017}}</ref> thus bringing it under the [[Kumaon Kingdom|Kingdom of Kumaon]]. This area remained under local chieftains; it was ''Kirti Chand'' (1488–1503), who first ruled the Terai area, along with the rest of [[Kumaon Kingdom|Kumaon]].<ref name="dsal" />

Rudrapur town was established in the 16th century by King Rudra Chand of Almora.<ref name="rawat">{{cite book|last1=Rawat|first1=Ajay S.|title=Forest on fire : ecology and politics in the Himalayan Tarai|date=1998|publisher=Cosmo Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788170208402}}</ref>{{rp|6}} It was the residence of the Adhikari (Governor) of Tarai, till the town of [[Kashipur, Uttarakhand|Kashipur]] was Established in 1718.<ref name="handa">{{cite book|last1=Hāṇḍā|first1=Omacanda|title=History of Uttaranchal|date=2002|publisher=Indus Publishing|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788173871344|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_Ct9gzvkDQC}}</ref>{{rp|81}} The Kumaoni Army, under Shiv Deo Joshi faced severe defeat during the Battle of Rudrapur, that was fought between Chands and Rohillas in AD 1744.<ref name="handa" />{{rp|92}} Later, King Deep chand built a fort at Rudrapur to keep vigil over the Rohillas.<ref name="rawat" />{{rp|8}}<ref name="handa" />{{rp|95}}

By the end of Eighteenth century, Nand Ram, the Adhikari of [[Kashipur, Uttarakhand|Kashipur]], murdered the governor of Rudrapur, Manorath Joshi, and declared himself the [[de facto]] ruler of the low-lying Terai land, with his capital at [[Kashipur, Uttarakhand|Kashipur]].<ref name="pande" />{{rp|320}} After the fall of [[Almora]] in 1790, Rudrapur and its surrounding areas were ceded to the [[Nawab of Oudh]], who remained its suzerain until the British occupation in 1801.<ref>{{cite web|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 18, page 325|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_331.gif|website=dsal.uchicago.edu|publisher=Digital South Asia Library|access-date=13 July 2017}}</ref>

[[File:VC Office building Pantnagar.JPG|thumb|[[G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology|Uttar Pradesh Agricultural University]], which was inaugurated by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] on 17 November 1960, is situated at [[Pantnagar]] near Rudrapur.]]
In 1837, Rudrapur was annexed to the collectorate of Rohilkhand.<ref name="pande">{{cite book|last1=Pande|first1=Badri Datt|title=History of Kumaun : English version of "Kumaun ka itihas"|date=1993|publisher=Shyam Prakashan|location=Almora, U.P., India|isbn=81-85865-01-9}}</ref>{{rp|445}} Rudrapur was brought under Kumaon Division in 1858, however it was brought back to Rohilkhand division in 1861.<ref name="pande" />{{rp|445}} In 1864–65 the whole [[Tarai]] and [[Bhabar]] was put under "Tarai and Bhawar Government Act" which was governed directly by the British crown. In 1891, the Tarai district was dismantled, and Rudrapur was put in the newly created [[Nainital district]]. Post independence Rudrapur and other parts of [[Nainital district]] were merged with [[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]], which was later renamed the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. [[G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology|Uttar Pradesh Agricultural University]], the first agricultural university of India, was established near Rudrapur on 17 November 1960.<ref>{{cite news|title=Over 600 teaching staff go on strike|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Over-600-teaching-staff-go-on-strike/articleshow/53727867.cms|access-date=13 July 2017|work=The Times of India|date=16 August 2016|location=Nainital}}</ref> The university was inaugurated by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], and soon became a significant force in the development and transfer of [[Hybrid seed|High Yielding Variety seeds]] and related technology.<ref>Uttar Pradesh Agricultural University 1963:14–19 and Charanjit Ahuja "One University That Actually Works" ''Indian Express'', 9 March 1994, p.3</ref>

After [[Operation Blue Star]] in 1984, several [[Sikh extremists]] fled [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and took refuge in U.P. Tarai.<ref name="rawat" />{{rp|214}} Subsequently, [[1991 Rudrapur bombings|several cases of explosions and Bombings were reported in 1991]]. A bomb blast occurred in Rudrapur market in mid 1991, and another bomb in a state roadways bus was defused in the nick of time.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pathak|first1=Rahul|title=Terrorists strike during Ram Lila celebrations in Uttar Pradesh|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19911115-evil-triumphs-over-good-during-ram-lila-celebrations-815064-1991-11-14|access-date=13 July 2017|publisher=India Today|date=15 November 1991}}</ref> On 17 October 1991, Two bombs exploded at Ramlila celebration in the town, killing 41 people and wounding more than 140.<ref>{{cite news|title=2 Bombs Kill 41 and Injure 140 in India|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/18/world/2-bombs-kill-41-and-injure-140-in-india.html|access-date=13 July 2017|work=The New York Times|date=18 October 1991}}</ref> Later, two members of the Khalistan Commando force were shot dead by a joint team of the commandos of the [[National Security Guard]] and the [[Delhi Police]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Mohinder|title=Punjab 2000: Political and Socio-economic Developments|date=2001|publisher=Anamika Publishers & Distributors|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788186565902|page=502|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ZNgVkbUtagC|access-date=13 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Two ISI-backed terrorists shot dead in western UP|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/1999/aug/21up.htm|access-date=13 July 2017|work=rediff.com}}</ref>

By 1994, the demand for separate statehood for Uttarakhand achieved almost unanimous acceptance among both the local populace and political parties all over the region.<ref>Kumar, P. (2000). The Uttarakhand Movement: Construction of a Regional Identity. New Delhi: Kanishka Publishers.</ref> Rudrapur was made the headquarter of the [[Udham Singh Nagar district|district of Udham Singh Nagar]], which was carved out from the [[Nainital district]] on 30 September 1995.<ref>{{cite web | last=Singh | first=Anand Raj | title=Mayawati may create new district to tame old foe | website=The New Indian Express | date=12 March 2015 | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/article398789.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604045449/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/article398789.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 June 2016 | access-date=14 May 2016}}</ref> After the [[Parliament of India]] passed the [[Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000]] on 9 November 2000, Rudrapur became a part of [[Uttarakhand]], the 27th state of the [[Republic of India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000|url=http://vlex.in/vid/the-uttar-pradesh-reorganisation-act-29635891|website=vLex|access-date=15 July 2017|archive-date=20 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620102014/https://vlex.in/vid/the-uttar-pradesh-reorganisation-act-29635891|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Culture and Cityscape==

=== Culture and Lifestyle ===
The land lends itself to different forms of agriculture, giving rise to agriculture related activities and industry. [[G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology|Pantnagar University]] is a place of learning in the fields of [[agriculture]] and [[technology]].

[[Bengalis|Bengali]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] & [[Bania (caste)|Baniya]] community is a major community in Rudrapur . Punjabi & Baniya community people came here during the [[partition of India]] at 1947. The first refugee in this City who was settled and allotted land by an [[Government of India|Indian Government]], who was Merchant and Farmer Late. Gurumukh Ram Chhabra ji (Kanakpur Village),{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} All refugees from [[Pakistan]] after division were settled here by Indian government in lait 1948. The [[Punjabi culture]] is also affecting the regional culture and in return getting affected by it.

The history of development started with 1948, when the problem of partition brought the refugee problem with it. Immigrants from north west and eastern areas were re-established in 164.2 square km land area under "Uttar Pradesh nivesh yojana". Individual citizens were not allotted land in accordance with crown grant act. The first batch of immigrants came in December 1948.

People from Kashmir, Punjab, Kerala, Eastern UP, Garhwal, Kumaon, [[Bengal]], [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Nepal]] live in groups in this district. This community is an example of unity in diversity with people from many religions and professions and so is the Tarai, which has its heart at Rudrapur.

=== Landmark ===
Rudrapur is known as the 'Gateway to Kumaon', which is in close proximity to regional attractions like Nainital, Corbett National Park, Bhimtal and Almora. The city itself has numerous ancient monuments spread through the city, though not maintained in the best condition. Rudrapur is lined with suburbs around the city which offer spiritual relief to those who visit the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rudrapur Tourism – Best Places to Visit & Things to Do in Rudrapur|url=https://www.tourmyindia.com/states/uttarakhand/rudrapur.html|access-date=2020-10-01|website=www.tourmyindia.com}}</ref>

==== Nanak Matta Gurudwara ====
[[Nanakmatta]] (also called, Gurdwara Sri Nanak Matta Sahib Ji) is an important [[Sikh]] pilgrimage centre, located at [[Nanakmatta]]. It is located on the Rudrapur–[[Tanakpur]] route, 17 km from [[Khatima]] and 56 km from the Rudrapur district headquarters. The gurudwara is named after [[Guru Nanak Dev Ji]], the first Sikh guru, who is believed to have visited the place on his way to [[Mount Kailash|Kailash Parvat]] in 1515 AD. The gurudwara is a sacred place for the Sikh community and is visited by thousands of pilgrims year-round.<ref name=":7" />

=== Local Attraction===
==== Nanak Matta Dam====
Located close to the Nanak Matta Gurudwara, is the Nanak Matta Dam which is built over the [[Sarju|Saryu river]]. The area around the Nanak Matta Dam with its rich greens, still lake waters and fresh air, serve as a picnic spot for the locals and tourists, where one can enjoy boating and fishing.<ref name=":7" />

==== Atariya Temple ====
Atariya Temple is an old temple with mythological significance, which is locally preached.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uttarakhand Tourism: Atariya Mandir Rudrapur|url=https://uttarakhand2000.blogspot.com/2016/04/AtariyaMandir.html|access-date=2020-09-30|website=Uttarakhand Tourism}}</ref> The temple encompasses a sacred shrine dedicated to the deity goddess Atariya. The temple is known for its 10-day fair held during sacred [[Navaratri|Navratras]] week during which the pilgrims visit the shrine in thousands. Atariya Temple is located at a distance of 2 km from the Rudrapur bus stand.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rudrapur {{!}} Uttarakhand Tourism Development Board {{!}} Department of Tourism, Government Of Uttarakhand, India|url=https://uttarakhandtourism.gov.in/destination/rudrapur/|access-date=2020-09-30|website={{!}} Uttarakhand Tourism Development Board {{!}} Department of Tourism, Government Of Uttarakhand, India}}</ref>

==== Metropolis Mall ====
The Metropolis Mall in Rudrapur is the upcoming local attraction which is located on the main Delhi–Nainital NH-87. It has 3 floors which has 3,00,000 ft2 of retail space and 400 ft frontage. The mall offers a Wave cinema 4-screen Cineplex, which will be the first Cineplex mall development in the region. This mall is a part of a 55-acre group housing development. which also proposes to have serviced apartments, multi-specialty hospitals as well as banquet halls.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Supertech Metropolis Mall Rudrapur {{!}} Shopping Mall in Rudrapur|url=https://www.supertechlimited.com/commercial/metropolis-mall-rudrapur/index.php|access-date=2020-10-01|website=www.supertechlimited.com}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations|state=
|title= Population growth
|1961| 9662
|1971| 25173
|1981| 34658
|1991| 61280
|2001| 88676
|2011| 140857
|footnote = Source: ''DCHB: Udham Singh Nagar''<ref name="dchba">{{cite book|title=District Census Handbook Udham Singh Nagar Part-A|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Uttarakhand|location=Dehradun|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0512_PART_A_DCHB_UDHAM%20SINGH%20NAGAR.pdf}}</ref>{{rp|369}}}}
According to the 2011 census, the Rudrapur Urban Agglomeration (Rudrapur UA) has a population of 154,485,<ref name="cen11ua">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011|access-date=25 August 2013|publisher=Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rudrapur Metropolitan Urban Region Population 2011 Census|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/metropolitan/28-rudrapur.html|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref> with the municipality contributing 140,884 of it.<ref name="cen11city">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011|access-date=25 August 2013|publisher=Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref> This makes Rudrapur the Second most populous city in [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]], and the [[List of cities in Uttarakhand by population|Fifth most populous city]] in [[Uttarakhand]]. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47% according to the 2011 census.<ref name="census2011" /> Rudrapur has an average [[literacy rate]] of 71%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 63%.<ref name="census2011" /> In Rudrapur, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.<ref name="census2011" /> The Rudrapur Urban Agglomeration consists of area falling under [[Rudrapur Municipal Corporation]], [[State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand#Infrastructure developed by SIDCUL|Rudrapur SIDCUL]] and 2 [[Out growth]]s of Jagatpura and Rampura.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf|title=CONSTITUENTS OF URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS HAVING POPULATION 1 LAKH & ABOVE, CENSUS 2011|access-date=2017-06-15}}</ref>

As of the 2001 India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Rudrapur had a population of 88,720, which increased to 140,857 in 2011. The city has witnessed massive population growth most of the time. The population of the city increased around three times during the census years 1961–1971 and nearly doubled during 1981–1991.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.populstat.info/Asia/indiat.htm|title=Historical Census of India}}</ref> Rudrapur surpassed [[Jaspur]] in 1971 and [[Kashipur, Uttarakhand|Kashipur]] in 2011 to become the second most populous city in Kumaun.<ref name="dchba" /> The high growth rate has been attributed to the migration of people from upper hills, and the development of [[State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand|SIDCUL Industrial Estate]] in recent years. About 80% population of Rudrapur lives on [[Illegal housing in India|Illegally encroached Government land]].<ref>{{cite news|title=रुद्रपुर की 17 नजूल की कालोनियों पर 87 हजार से अधिक की आबादी है काबिज|url=http://www.amarujala.com/uttarakhand/udham-singh-nagar/the-17-colonies-of-nasal-rudrapur-has-a-population-of-over-87-thousand-occupied|access-date=12 July 2017|publisher=Amar Ujala|date=23 November 2016|location=[[Udham Singh Nagar]]|language=hi}}</ref> In addition to that, 41.95% of total population of Rudrapur lives in Slums.<ref name="census2011" />

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Rudrapur City (2011)<ref name="census">{{cite web| title = C-1 Population By Religious Community | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html| publisher = Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs| access-date =11 May 2016}} On this page, select "Uttarakhand" from the download menu. "Rudrapur (NPP + OG)" is at line 345 of the excel file.</ref><ref name="census2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/26-rudrapur.html|title=Rudrapur City Census 2011 data|work=Census2011|access-date=9 March 2017}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|DarkOrange|80.29}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|Green|15.76}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|3.17}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|Gold|0.03}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|Blue|0.43}}
{{bar percent|Others|Black|0.32}}
}}

According to the 2011 Census of India, 80.29% people in Rudrapur were [[Hindu]]s.<ref name="census" /> 15.76% people followed [[Islam]], making it the second most popular religion in city.<ref name="census" /> [[Christianity]] was followed by 0.43%, [[Jainism]] by 0.12%, [[Sikhism]] by 3.17% and [[Buddhism]] by 3.17%.<ref name="census" /> Around 0.03% stated 'Other Religion' while approximately 0.17% stated 'No Particular Religion'.<ref name="census" />

The city witnessed [[Communal riot|communal clashes]] on 2 October 2011 following an alleged act of [[sacrilege]], prompting authorities to impose an indefinite curfew.<ref>{{cite news|title=Indefinite curfew imposed in Uttarakhand's Rudrapur town after communal tension|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indefinite-curfew-imposed-in-Uttarakhands-Rudrapur-town-after-communal-tension/articleshow/10210256.cms|access-date=12 July 2017|work=The Times of India|date=2 October 2011|location=Dehradun}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=रुद्रपुर दंगा मामला : सरकार को जवाब देने के निर्देश|url=http://www.amarujala.com/uttarakhand/nainital/Nainital-67004-116|access-date=12 July 2017|publisher=Amar Ujala|date=23 November 2013|location=Nainital|language=hi}}</ref> Though unconfirmed reports said three persons were killed,<ref name="prashant">{{cite news|last1=Prashant|first1=Shishir|title=Communal riots in Rudrapur, 3 killed|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/communal-riots-in-rudrapur-3-killed-111100300045_1.html|access-date=12 July 2017|work=Business Standard India|date=3 October 2011|location=New Delhi}}</ref> an official statement later confirmed two deaths in the violence that spread to different parts of the town.<ref>{{cite news|title=Uttarakhand: 2 killed in communal clash, curfew in Rudrapur|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/communal-tension-indefinite-curfew-rudrapur-142476-2011-10-02|access-date=12 July 2017|publisher=India Today|date=3 October 2011|location=Dehradun}}</ref> In the ensuing clashes, nearly 5 shops and scores of vehicles were also torched.<ref name="prashant" />

===Language===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages spoken in Rudrapur city (2011)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0500.XLSX |format=XLS |title=2011 POPULATION BY MOTHER TONGUE |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|value1 = 74.21
|color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Bengali language|Bangla]]
|value2 = 13.14
|color2 = orchid
|label3 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|value3 = 4.36
|color3 = pink
|label4 = [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
|value4 = 3.23
|color4 = green
|label5 = [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]]
|value5 = 2.60
|color5 = blue
|label6 = Others
|value6 = 2.49
|color6 = grey
}}
[[Hindi language|Hindi]] is spoken by 1,14,691, [[Bengali language|Bangla]] by 20,362, [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] by 6,740 people, [[Urdu language|Urdu]] by 4,999, and 4,018 people speak [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]].

== Geography ==
Rudrapur is geographically located at latitude: 28.98⁰N and longitude: 79.40⁰E<ref name=":3" /> and is 830 feet above the sea level.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Rudarpur, India|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/39/Rudarpur2.html|access-date=2020-09-29|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref> The city is located 72 km away from Nainital, 259 km from the state capital Dehradun and 230 km from the national capital, Delhi.<ref name=":4" /> The Udham Singh Nagar district where the city is situated, lies within the seismic zone 4 in a scale of 2 to 5 (in order of increasing vulnerability to earthquakes)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Earthquake Zone: DISASTER MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT CENTER, Government Of Uttarakhand, India|url=https://dmmc.uk.gov.in/pages/display/95-earthquake-zone|access-date=2020-09-29|website=dmmc.uk.gov.in}}</ref> as per the (IS 1893 (Part 1), 2002).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uttarakhand State Disaster Management Authority : Earthquake|url=http://www.usdma.uk.gov.in/earthquake-13.aspx|access-date=2020-09-29|website=www.usdma.uk.gov.in}}</ref>

=== Topology ===
The Rudrapur city is placed in the Terai belt of Uttarakhand state<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Introduction- Rudrapur MC|url=http://www.nagarnigamrudrapur.com/Default.aspx|access-date=28 September 2020|website=Rudrapur Nagar Nigam}}</ref> with the two rivers Kalyani and Begul flowing through it.<ref name=":3" /> This belt is extremely fertile for agriculture<ref>{{Cite web|title=Geography {{!}} District UdhamSinghNagar, Government Of Uttarakhand {{!}} India|url=https://usnagar.nic.in/geography/|access-date=2020-09-29}}</ref> with alluvial soil types -Udifluventic Ustochrepts, Typic Ustipsamments, Udic Ustochrepts, Udic Haplusstolls, Typic Ustochreptscrops- which support crops like paddy, wheat, sugarcane, maize and other pulses grown in the region.<ref>{{Cite web|title=District Udham Singh Nagar at a Glance|url=http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Uttarakhand/UdhamSinghNagar.pdf|access-date=29 September 2020|website=Central Ground Water Board (CGWB)}}</ref>

=== Climate ===
Rudrapur has a sub-tropical climate with an annual average temperature of 24.3 °C. The warmest month annually is June, where the average temperature is 40  °C. January is the coldest month with an average annual temperature of 14.9 °C. The average temperature variation which occurs between the warmest and coldest months is 16.7 °C.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Rudrapur climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Rudrapur weather averages – Climate-Data.org|url=https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/uttarakhand/rudrapur-33827/#:~:text=Rudrapur%20climate%20summary&text=In%20Rudrapur,%20the%20average%20annual,mm%20%7C%2051.3%20inch%20per%20year.|access-date=2020-09-29|website=en.climate-data.org}}</ref> The city experiences an average annual rainfall of 1302mm per year with very high ground water levels ranging between 1m to 3 m.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=26 June 2019|title=Uttarakhand Situational Assessment Report-Faecal Sludge and Septage Management|url=https://scbp.niua.org/sites/default/files/Uttarakhand_Situational_Assessment_Report_.pdf|website=Sanitation Capacity Building platform (SCBP)}}</ref> The average precipitation that the city experiences ranges between 38mm to 3mm monthly.<ref name=":6" />

== Government and politics ==

=== Civic Administration ===
The Rudrapur constituency is one of the 70 Vidhan Sabha Assembly Constituencies (AC)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vidhan Sabha Seats in Uttarakhand – Assembly Seats in Uttarakhand & Representatives|url=https://www.euttaranchal.com/uttarakhand/vidhan-sabha-seats-in-uttarakhand|access-date=2020-09-28|website=eUttaranchal}}</ref> of the Uttarakhand state which has a total of 5 Parliamentary Constituencies (PC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rudrapur Vidhan Sabha Election – Rudrapur Assembly Election Results, Polling Stations, Voters, Candidates|url=https://www.electionsinindia.com/uttarakhand/rudrapur-assembly-vidhan-sabha-constituency-elections|access-date=2020-09-28|website=www.electionsinindia.com}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Shiv Arora from [[BJP]] is the current sitting MLA from the Rudrapur constituency.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Assemble Constituency- Rudrapur|url=https://www.electionsinindia.com/uttarakhand/rudrapur-assembly-vidhan-sabha-constituency-elections|access-date=28 September 2018|website=Elections In India}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The administrative district headquarter of Udham Singh Nagar District is located in Rudrapur.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=District Census Handbook-Udham Singh Nagar-2011|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0512_PART_B_DCHB_UDHAM%20SINGH%20NAGAR.pdf|website=Census India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Info- Udham Singh Nagar|url=https://districts.ecourts.gov.in/usnagar|access-date=28 September 2020|website=Official website of district court}}</ref>

=== City Government ===
The Rudrapur city is governed by the civic body of '''Rudrapur Municipal Corporation''' which is called '''Nagar Nigam Rudrapur.''' <ref name=":0" /> It is one of the 11 Nagar Nigam in Uttarakhand.<ref name=":1" /> with an area of 27.65 km2.<ref name=":3" /> In a process to expand its Municipal Councils, the Uttarakhand government upgraded the Rudrapur city administration from First Class Municipality to Municipal Corporation on 28 February 2013.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=नगर निगम रुद्रपुर, उधम सिंह नगर, उत्तराखण्ड – 263153|url=http://www.nagarnigamrudrapur.com/About.aspx|access-date=2020-09-28|website=www.nagarnigamrudrapur.com|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918064409/http://nagarnigamrudrapur.com/About.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Rudrapur Municipal Corporation is divided into 20 wards which is governed by 20 elected municipal councilors and a Mayor of the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Elected Reprentatives of Urban Local Bodies State- Uttarakhand|url=https://udd.uk.gov.in/files/Ward_Memeber_list.pdf|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref>

=== City Politics ===
The main political parties active in Rudrapur city are Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP), Indian National Congress (INC), Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Uttarakhand Kranti Dal (UKD) among others.<ref name=":2" /> The current '''Mayor''' of the Rudrapur city is '''Mr. Vikas Sharma''' from BJP.<ref name=":0" />

==== List of Mayors (Municipal Corporation of Rudrapur) ====

# Mrs. Soni Koli (Reserved Seat) 03 May 2013 - 03 May 2018 [<nowiki/>[[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janta Party]]]
# Mr. Rampal Singh (Reserved Seat) 02 December 2018 to 02 December 2023 [<nowiki/>[[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janta Party]]]
# Mr. Vikas Sharma (General Seat) 07 February 2025 to present [<nowiki/>[[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janta Party]]]

== Civic Utilities ==

=== Water Supply ===
Most of the city depends on ground water for its daily water requirement,<ref name=":3" /> where only around 11% of the city has a coverage of water supply network supplying 49 liter per capita per day (lpcd) of water daily.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=AMRUT: Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation|url=https://udd.uk.gov.in/pages/display/125-amrut|access-date=2020-09-29|website=udd.uk.gov.in}}</ref> According to a 2019 Sanitation Capacity building platform (SCBP) report, under AMRUT program, the city plans to increase the water supply coverage of the city to approximately 53% with 87 lpcd of daily water capacity<ref name=":3" /> whereas the AMRUT mission site boasts a target mission of 100% water supply coverage and 135 lpcd of water by the end of the mission for its respective target cities.<ref name=":5" />

=== Sewerage and Sanitation ===
As per the census 2011, the total percentage of households which had Individual Household Toilets (IHHT) was reported to be around 66.2% of the total number of households in the city. This number according to the AMRUT mission has now been increased to a 100% for the city of Rudrapur <ref name=":5" /> whereas the sewage network coverage in the city according to the 2011 census was 8.4% due to high ground water table and high expenses and technical challenges in laying the system. Most of this system according to the SCBP report is non-functioning and around 68.4% of the households are connected to open drains which lead to the river without any sewage treatment. This has led to over-pollution of the two rivers Kalyani and Begul present within the city.<ref name=":3" />

==Transport==
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2010}}
[[File:New Delhi- Karnaprayag National Highway 109.jpg|thumb|New Delhi- Karnaprayag NH 109 which connects Delhi to several Tourist Destinations in [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] Region.]]
The city is served by the [[Pantnagar Airport]] at [[Pantnagar]] {{convert|12.2|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the city centre. The airport is operated by [[Airports Authority of India]] and caters to domestic flights to [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]] and [[Dehradun Airport|Dehradun]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Pantnagar Airport to see regular flights again|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/dehradun/pantnagar-airport-to-see-regular-flights-again.html|access-date=30 September 2014|newspaper=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]] |date=11 September 2014}}</ref> It has a single runway, which is {{convert|4500|feet|m|abbr=on}} in length and is capable of handling a [[turboprop]] aircraft.<ref name="BS">{{cite news|title=Fly to Pantnagar, Uttarakhand asks Deccan |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/fly-to-pantnagar-uttarakhand-asks-deccan/317973/|work= [[Business Standard]]|date= 2008-03-26|access-date=2009-06-29}}</ref>

Train service in Rudrapur started in 1886, upon the construction of a branch line by [[Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway]] connecting [[Lalkuan Junction railway station|Lalkuan]] on [[Bareilly]]–[[Kathgodam]] line with {{stnlnk|Rampur}}. {{stnlnk|Rudrapur}} lies on the {{stnlnk|Rampur}}–[[Lalkuan Junction railway station|Lalkuan]] broad-gauge railway line and the city falls under the [[Izzatnagar railway division]] of [[North Eastern Railway zone]] of Indian Railways.

Three major [[National Highway (India)|National highways]] run through Rudrapur. [[National Highway 9 (India)|National Highway 9]], which runs from [[Malaut]] in [[Punjab]] to [[Pithoragarh]] in [[Uttarakhand]] passes through Rudrapur. This highway connects Rudrapur with several cities like [[Delhi]], [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]], [[Haridwar]], [[Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Saharanpur]], [[Dehradun]], [[Nainital]], [[Sitarganj]], [[Khatima]], [[Tanakpur]] and [[Pithoragarh]]. Other Highways starting from Rudrapur include [[National Highway 109 (India)|National Highway 109]] and [[National Highway 309 (India)|National Highway 309]]. Rudrapur Bus Station serves as the central bus stand for [[Uttarakhand Transport Corporation|Uttarakhand Transport Buses]] plying on InterState Routes from the city. The station was built before the 1960s and is spread over approximately 4 acres.<ref>{{cite news|title=अपना रुद्रपुर बस अड्डा होगा चकाचक|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/udhamsingh-nagar-14177315.html|access-date=19 April 2017|work=Jagran|date=19 June 2016|location=Rudrapur|language=hi}}</ref>

==Economy==
Rudrapur has established itself as a significant trading center within the Udham Singh Nagar district, which itself is a big trading center in the region. The district exports include industrial as well as agricultural products, both of which are predominantly channeled from Rudrapur.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=District Census Handbook-Udham Singh Nagar Part: XII-A|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0512_PART_A_DCHB_UDHAM%20SINGH%20NAGAR.pdf|access-date=30 September 2020|website=Census India}}</ref> The Basmati rice from Rudrapur is among the top crop which is produced in the region.<ref name=":4" /> Post the setup of State Infrastructure and Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Limited (SIDCUL), enhanced by the broad-gauge railway network in the area, Rudrapur has developed into an industrial city with its city limits expanding to accommodate new residential demands of the workers and professionals moving into the area.<ref name=":4" />

=== Industry ===
The development of industries is attributed largely to the setting up of a large Integrated Industrial Estate under State Infrastructure and Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Limited (SIDCUL). This has propelled the town into the forefront of industrial activity and has attracted companies like:
* [http://www.lscinfratech.com LSC Infratech Ltd.]
* [[Delta Power solutions]]
* [[Tata Motors]]
* [[Kumar Autowheels Pvt. Ltd.]]
* [[Roquette Riddhi Siddhi Pvt. Ltd.]]
* [[Time Technoplast Limited]]
* [[Nestlé India]]
* [[Bajaj Auto]]
* [[Surya Polypet Pvt. Ltd.]]
* [[Fab Four Technoplast]]
* [[Dabur India Limited]]
* [[TVS Motors]]
* [[Unimax International]]
* [[Unimax Scaffoldings]]
* [[Britannia Industries]]
* [[Mahindra Tractors|Mahindra Tractor]]
* [[Micromax]]
* [[Forme mobile]]
* [[Greenpanel Industries Limited]]
* [[Parle Agro]]
* [[HCL Technologies|HCL]]
* [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]]
* [[Hindustan Zinc Limited]]
* [[Ashok Leyland]]
* [[Ganesha Polytex]]
* [[GuruTie.com]]
* [[Imagine Softech]] – Web Development Company
* [[Biochem Laboratories]] - (water treatment chemicals, plants & spares company), etc.
The city has been transformed into a major industrial hub with many automobile and agro based industries.<ref name="Sidcul">[http://www.sidcul.com/sidculweb/inner_pages.aspx?cat_id=3&art_id=7], SIDCUL</ref>

==Colleges and Schools==
{{See also|List of educational institutions in Rudrapur}}

==See also==
*[[1991 Rudrapur bombings]]
*[[List of cities in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.theindianherald.com/2011/10/rudrapur-riot-police-face-flak-over.html "Four killed in police firing after communal riot in Rudrapur"]

{{Udham Singh Nagar district}}

{{Uttarakhand}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rudrapur, Uttarakhand| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Udham Singh Nagar district]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttarakhand]]

Kailash Nath Katju

2026-03-26T12:52:26Z

PercySpivakovsky:

{{Short description|3rd Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{infobox officeholder
| name = Kailash Nath Katju
| image = Kailash Nath Katju.jpg
| caption =
| office1 = 4th [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]]
| term_start1 = 10 January 1955
| term_end1 = 30 January 1957
| primeminister1 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| predecessor1 = [[Baldev Singh]]
| successor1 = [[V. K. Krishna Menon]]
| office2 = 4th [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
| term_start2 = 5 November 1951
| term_end2 = 10 January 1955
| primeminister2 = Jawaharlal Nehru
| predecessor2 = [[C. Rajagopalachari]]
| successor2 = [[Govind Ballabh Pant]]
| order = 3rd
| office = Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh
| term_start = 31 January 1957
| term_end = 11 March 1962
| predecessor = [[Bhagwantrao Mandloi]]
| successor = [[Bhagwantrao Mandloi]]
| order3 = 2nd
| office3 = Governor of West Bengal
| term_start3 = 21 June 1948
| term_end3 = 1 November 1951
| 1blankname3 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata3 = [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]
| predecessor3 = [[C. Rajagopalachari]]
| successor3 = [[Harendra Coomar Mookerjee]]
| order4 =
| office4 = 1st [[Governor of Odisha|Governor of Orrisa]]
| term_start4 = 15 August 1947
| term_end4 = 20 June 1948
| 1blankname4 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata4 = [[Harekrushna Mahatab]]
| predecessor4 = [[Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi]]
| successor4 = [[Asaf Ali]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1887|6|17|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Jaora]], [[Jaora State]], [[British Raj|British India]] {{small|(present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]], India)}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1968|2|17|1887|6|17|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Allahabad]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| nationality = [[India]]n
| spouse = Rup Kishori
| children = 5; including [[Shiva Nath Katju]], [[Brahma Nath Katju]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Lawyer|Politician}}
| alma_mater = Allahabad University
}}
'''Kailash Nath Katju''' (17 June 1887 – 17 February 1968){{citation needed|date=September 2021}} was an Indian politician who served as Governor of [[Orrisa]] and [[West Bengal]], Chief Minister of [[Madhya Pradesh]], Union Home Minister and Union Defence Minister. He was also one of India's most prominent lawyers. He was part of some of the most notable cases of his times, including the [[Indian National Army trials]]. Katju joined the [[Indian independence movement]] early on and spent several years incarcerated with fellow independence activists for his activities.

==Early life==
Kailash Nath Katju was born in the [[princely state]] of [[Jaora State|Jaora]] (in present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]]) on 17 June 1887. His family were [[Kashmiri Pandit]]s who had settled in Jaora. His father Tribhuwan Nath Katju was a former [[dewan]] of the state.<ref name="loksabha">{{cite web|title=Members Bioprofile: Katju, Dr. Kailas Nath|url=http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/784.htm|website=Lok Sabha|access-date=28 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228174518/http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/784.htm|archive-date=28 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="death">{{cite news|title=K. N. Katju passes away|agency=Press Trust of India|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=18 February 1968|page=7}}</ref> Kailash Nath was educated at the Barr High School in Jaora, when he was sent to [[Lahore]] to study at the [[Rang Mahal School]]. He passed his matriculation examination from [[Panjab University]] the following year before completing his graduation from [[Forman Christian College]], Lahore, in March 1905.<ref name="Reed">{{cite book|last1=Reed|first1=Stanley|author-link1=Stanley Reed (British politician)|title=The Indian And Pakistan Year Book And Who's Who 1950|date=1950|publisher=[[The Times Group|Bennett Coleman and Co. Ltd.]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.15206/page/n732 698]|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.15206|access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref> In July that year, he joined the [[Muir Central College]] in [[Allahabad]]. In September 1907, he received a [[Bachelor of Laws|degree in laws]] from the [[Allahabad University]], standing second in the province. In 1908, he received a [[master's degree]] in history from the same university. He began legal profession that year in [[Kanpur]] before moving to Allahabad in 1914.<ref name="loksabha"/> He completed his [[Doctor of Law|doctorate in law]] ([[LL.D.]]) from Allahabad University in 1919, joining the [[Allahabad High Court]] as an advocate in 1921.<ref name="Reed"/>

==Career==
Katju defended the accused in the [[Meerut Conspiracy Case]] in Allahabad High Court in 1933 and later the military officers accused at the [[Indian National Army trials]] at the [[Red Fort]] in Delhi. On 17 July 1937, he became the Minister of Law and Justice and Parliamentary Affairs of the [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]] in the [[Govind Ballabh Pant]]'s cabinet. He was elected to the legislature from the constituency of Allahabad district (Doaba).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Reed|first1=Stanley|title=The Indian Year Book 1940–41|date=1941|publisher=[[The Times Group|Bennett Coleman and Co. Ltd.]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108681/page/n180 132]|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108681|access-date=28 February 2018}}</ref> The ministry resigned on 2 November 1939 and soon Katju was imprisoned for 18 months. He was again imprisoned in 1942. He also served in the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]. Between 1935 and 1937, he served as the chairman of the [[Allahabad Municipal Corporation|Allahabad Municipal Board]], and later as chancellor of Prayag Mahila Vidyapith, Allahabad.<ref name="Reed"/>

Following the independence of India, Katju held many high political positions. Initially he was made the [[Governor of Orissa]] from 15 August 1947 to 20 June 1948. He became the [[Governor of West Bengal]] on 21 June 1948 and was in office till 31 October 1951. In 1951 he was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] from the [[Mandsaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandsaur]] constituency, joining the cabinet of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] as Law Minister in 1951. In November 1951 he succeeded [[C. Rajagopalachari]] as the country's third [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]]. In 1955 he was made the [[Minister of Defence (India)|Defence Minister]]. He became the Chief Minister of [[Madhya Pradesh]] on 31 January 1957, remaining in office till 11 March 1962. He also held the portfolios for general administration, home, publicity, planning and development, co-ordination and anti-corruption.<ref>{{cite book|title=India: A Reference Annual 1960|date=1960|publisher=[[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100488/page/n445 419]|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100488|access-date=28 February 2018}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Katju and his wife Rup Kishori had five children together: three sons and two daughters.<ref name="Reed"/><ref name="loksabha"/> The eldest son, [[Shiva Nath Katju]], served as a judge at the [[Allahabad High Court]], and after retirement, took up politics and was elected a member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh legislature]]. Another son, [[Brahma Nath Katju]], rose to serve as chief justice of the same [[Allahabad High Court]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Hon'ble Mr. Brahma Nath Katju|url=http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/Judges/ex-judges/BNKatju.htm|publisher=allahabadhighcourt.in|access-date=28 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007155628/http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/Judges/ex-judges/BNKatju.htm|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref>

One of his daughters was Saroj Mukherjee. Katju's grandsons have also achieved distinction. His grandson [[Markandey Katju|Markandey]] (son of Shiv Nath) served as a judge in the [[Supreme Court of India]]. Another grandson is Vivek Katju, [[Indian Foreign Service|IFS]], a retired diplomat who served in several sensitive positions. Tilottama Mukherji, a professor at [[New York University]] and first wife of politician and former diplomat [[Shashi Tharoor]], is Katju's grand-daughter (daughter's daughter).

Katju had recovered from a [[kidney ailment]] he had suffered in the summer of 1967. After his condition deteriorated in early February 1968, he died at 7:55 p.m. ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) on 17 February 1968 at his residence in [[Allahabad]].<ref name="death"/> The last rites were performed by son Shiva Nath on the bank of [[the Ganges]] the following day.<ref>{{cite news|title=Katju cremated|agency=Press Trust of India|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=19 February 1968|page=9}}</ref>

==Publications==
Dr Kailash Nath Katju wrote many books, some of which are the following:{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}:
* Experiments in Advocacy: A Colossus in the Courts of Justice
* The days I remember
* Reminiscences and experiments in advocacy

He also wrote many articles and delivered many memorable speeches, including the following:
* Some Judges and Lawyers whom I knew<ref>[http://www.dadinani.com/capture-memories/read-contributions/life-back-then/180-judges-and-lawyers-i-knew-by-kn-katju Some Judges and Lawyers Whom I Knew by K N Katju] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210202626/http://www.dadinani.com/capture-memories/read-contributions/life-back-then/180-judges-and-lawyers-i-knew-by-kn-katju |date=10 December 2018 }}. Dadinani.com. Retrieved on 10 December 2018.</ref>
* Speech delivered on 27 November 1966, on the occasion of the Golden Jubilee of the High Court Building.<ref>[http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/event/Speech_by_Dr_Kailas_Nath_Katju27-11-66.html Speech By Dr. Kailas Nath Katju]. Formerly Governor of Orissa and West Bengal, Union Minister for Home Affairs and Defence, and Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, Delivered on 27 November 1966, On the occasion of the Golden Jubilee of the High Court Building. allahabadhighcourt.in</ref>

===Founder of National Herald===
{{Further|National Herald Case}}

He was one of the founders of Associated Journals Ltd. and one of the seven original subscribers of the Memorandum of Association of the company which published [[The National Herald (India)|National Herald]] and two other newspapers.<ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/national/ajl-did-not-inform-us-or-obtain-approval-for-equity-transfer-say-shareholders/ar-AAgj3oz?li=AAggbRN AJL did not inform us or obtain approval for equity transfer, say shareholders] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210154723/http://www.msn.com/en-in/news/national/ajl-did-not-inform-us-or-obtain-approval-for-equity-transfer-say-shareholders/ar-AAgj3oz?li=AAggbRN |date=10 December 2018 }}. Msn.com (30 September 2008). Retrieved on 2018-12-10.</ref> His shares were taken over by a company formed and closely held by Sonia Gandhi and her son Rahul Gandhi and two others in 2012. There is a legal case of criminal conspiracy in this regard against them in a court of law in Delhi.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://kanhaiyalalmisra.wordpress.com/2008/06/08/dr-kailash-nath-katju-a-tribute/ Dr Kailash Nath Katju- A Tribute, Delivered by Pt. Kanhaiya Lal Misra (the then Advocate General, Uttar Pradesh), on 19 February 1968 at the Full Court reference in the Chief Justice’s Court Room on the sad demise of Dr. K.N. Katju]
* [http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/event/Dr_Kailas_Nath_Katju_PN_Sapru.html Pen Portraits- Dr. Kailas Nath Katju, by MR. JUSTICE P. N. SAPRU]

{{Governors of West Bengal}}
{{Defence Ministers of India}}
{{Home Ministry (India)}}
{{Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Indian National Army}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Katju, Kailash Nath}}
[[Category:1887 births]]
[[Category:1968 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Army trials]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]
[[Category:Governors of Odisha]]
[[Category:Governors of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Madhya Bharat]]
[[Category:Ministers of internal affairs of India]]
[[Category:Ministers of defence of India]]
[[Category:Law ministers of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:People from Jaora]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]

Joseph Anthony (footballer)

2026-03-23T02:59:35Z

PercySpivakovsky: further adjust formatting to improve readability further and added references after review

{{Short description|Indian footballer (1925–1980)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox football biography
|name = Joseph Anthony
|image =
|caption =
|fullname =
|birth_date = 1925
|birth_place =
|death_date = 16 September {{death year and age|1980|1925}}
|death_place = Bangalore, Karnataka, India
|clubs1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|nationalteam1 = [[India national football team|India]]
}}

'''Joseph Anthony''' (1925 – 16 September 1980) was an Indian [[association football|footballer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/25797 |title=Joseph Anthony |publisher=Olympedia |access-date=2 April 2021}}</ref> He competed in the [[Football at the 1952 Summer Olympics|men's tournament]] at the [[1952 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="SportsRef">{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/an/joseph-anthony-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418051938/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/an/joseph-anthony-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |title=Joseph Anthony Olympic Results |access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{sports links}}
* {{WorldFootball.net|joseph-anthony}}

{{India men's football squad 1952 Summer Olympics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anthony, Joseph}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:1980 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:India men's international footballers]]
[[Category:Olympic footballers for India]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 1952 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:East Bengal Club players]]
[[Category:Calcutta Football League players]]

{{India-footy-forward-stub}}

Shri Krishna Sinha

2026-03-21T11:47:27Z

PercySpivakovsky: rework content additionally after review

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shri Krishna Singh
| nickname = [[Honorary titles of Indian leaders|Bihar Kesari]], Shri Babu
| image = Shri Krishna Singh 2016 stamp of India.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date |df=y|1887|10|21}}
| birth_place = [[Barbigha]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| residence =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1961|1|31|1886|10|24|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Patna, Bihar]], India
| occupation = [[Lawyer]] [[Nationalist]] [[politician|Statesman]] [[Educationist]] [[Public administration|Administrator]]
| office5 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the]] [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start5 = 1952
| term_end5 = 1961
| predecessor5 = ''Position Established''
| successor5 = Shiv Shankar Singh
| office4 = [[Constituent Assembly of India|Member Of the Constituent Assembly]]
| term_start4 = 9 December 1946
| term_end4 = 26 January 1950
| predecessor4 = ''Post Created''
| successor4 = ''Post Abolished''
| office = 1st [[Chief Minister of Bihar]]
| term_start = 15 August 1947
| term_end = 31 January 1961
| predecessor = ''Office Established''
| successor = [[Deep Narayan Singh]]
| office1 = 2nd Finance Minister of Bihar
| term_start1 = 5 July 1957
| term_end1 = 31 January 1961
| predecessor1 = [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]]
| successor1 = [[Deep Narayan Singh]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse =
| children = 2
| website =
| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]], [[Patna University]]
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Hindi
| office2 = 2nd Premier of Bihar Province
| successor2 = ''Governor's rule''
| predecessor2 = [[Mohammad Yunus (Indian politician)|Mohammad Yunus]]
| termstart2 = 20 July 1937
| termend2 = 31 October 1939
| term3 = 2 April 1946 - 15 August 1947
}}
'''Shri Krishna Singh (Sinha)''' (21 October 1887 – 31 January 1961), also known as '''Shri Babu''', was the first [[List of chief ministers of Bihar|chief minister]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Bihar]] (1946–61). Except for the period of World War II, Sinha was the chief minister of Bihar from the time of the first Congress Ministry in 1937 until his death in 1961.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.lib.virginia.edu/area-studies/SouthAsia/Misc/Sss/whcastep.htm
| title = Changing images of caste and politics
| author=Walter Hauser
| date = February 1997
| access-date =8 April 2008
}}</ref> He led the [[Dalit]] entry into the [[Vaidyanath Temple, Deoghar|Baidyanath Dham, Deoghar]].<ref name=Kumar05>{{cite news
| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Patna/Bhumihars_rooted_to_the_ground_in_caste_politics/articleshow/msid-1001601,curpg-2.cms
| title = Bhumihars rooted to the ground in caste politics
| author=Arun Kumar
|work=The Times of India |location=India
| date = 25 January 2005
| access-date =5 April 2008
}}</ref> He was the first chief minister in the country to abolish the [[zamindar]]i system.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/767453.cms
| title = BJP, Cong eye Bhumihars as Rabri drops ministers
| author=Abhay Singh
|work=The Times of India |location=India
| date = 6 July 2004
| access-date =21 March 2008
}}</ref> He was imprisoned for a total of about eight years in [[British India]]. He held mass meetings at which he spoke.<ref name="Sharma 2013 310 at p. 277">{{cite book
| first = L.N.
| last = Sharma
| title = Politics and Good Governance
| publisher = Regal Publications, New Delhi
| year = 2013
| isbn = 978-81-8484-269-2
| pages = 310 (at p. 277)
}}</ref> He was known as ''Bihar Kesari'' for his "lionlike roars" in public speaking.<ref name="Sharma 2013 310 at p. 277"/>

The former [[President of India]], [[Pratibha Patil]], released a book on the letters of exchange between Sinha and prime minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] titled ''Freedom and Beyond''.<ref name="Pranava K Chaudhary">{{cite news
| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Patna/Prez-releases-book-on-Nehru-Sri-Babu-letters/articleshow/4601515.cms
| title = Prez releases book on Nehru, Sri Babu letters
| author=Pranava K Chaudhary
|work=The Times of India |location=India
| date = 1 June 2009
| access-date =1 June 2009
}}</ref><ref name="Bihar Times">{{cite news
|url=http://www.bihartimes.com/Newsbihar/2009/June/Newsbihar02June2.html
|title=Sri Babu promoted L N Mishra, reveals recently released letters to Nehru
|publisher=Bihar Times
|date=2 June 2009 |access-date=2 June 2009 |url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825083835/http://www.bihartimes.com/Newsbihar/2009/June/Newsbihar02June2.html
|archive-date=25 August 2010 }}</ref> The correspondence between Nehru and Sinha touches on subjects such as Indian democracy in the making in the early years of Independence, Centre-State relations, role of governor, turbulence in Nepal, zamindari abolition, and education.<ref name="Pranava K Chaudhary"/><ref name="Bihar Times"/> Sinha gave his personal collection of 17,000 books to the public library in [[Munger]] in 1959 which is now named ''Sri Krishna Seva Shadan'' after him<ref>{{cite web |title=NATIONAL INFORMATICS CENTRE, MUNGER |url=http://munger.nic.in/education.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423131304/http://munger.nic.in/education.htm |archive-date=23 April 2009 |access-date=16 October 2009}}</ref> which in 2016 was reportedly in poor condition due to lack of funding.<ref>{{cite news
| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/hope-for-library/cid/1358289
| title = Hope for Library
| author= Shri Krishna Prasad
| work= The Telegraph |location=India
| date = 1 June 2016
| access-date = 28 May 2024
}}</ref>

==Early life and family==
[[File:Shri Krishn Singh Dwar in Maur Village.jpg|thumb|The village gate in which Shri Babu was born]]
Sinha was born in a [[Bhumihar]] family on 21 October 1887 in the village of Maur, [[Barbigha]] in the [[Munger district]] of [[Bengal Presidency]] (now part of [[Sheikhpura district]]).<ref>{{cite book |author1=Ramachandra Prasad |author2=Ashok Kumar Sinha|title=Shri Krishna Sinha: a biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0eG1AAAAIAAJ |year=1987 |publisher=N.K. Enterprises}}</ref> His mother died of plague when he was five years old. He was educated in the village school and at Zila School in Munger. In 1906 he joined [[Patna College]], which was then an affiliate of the [[University of Calcutta]]. He obtained a master's degree from the University of Calcutta and then doctorate of law from [[Patna University]] and started practising in Munger from 1915. In the meantime,he married and had two sons, Shivshankar and Bandishankar (Swaraj Babu) who later held various posts in the state government.<ref name="Prasad 1987 186">{{cite book | first = R.C. | last = Prasad | title = Shri Krishna Sinha: A Biography | publisher = N.K.Enterprises, New Delhi | year = 1987 | page = 186 }}</ref>

==Independence movement==
[[File:Bihar Vibhuti Dr Anugrah Narayan & Bihar Kesari Shri Babu 1947.jpg|thumb|Bihar Kesari Shri Babu & Bihar Vibhuti Dr. A.N. Sinha]]
Sinha first met [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in 1916 at [[Central Hindu College]], [[Benares]]. He gave up practising law in 1921 to take part in Gandhi's [[Non-cooperation movement (1909–22)|non-cooperation movement]].<ref name="Prasad 1987 186"/>

He was arrested for the first time in 1922 and Congress [[Seva Dal]] was declared illegal. For this he was known as ''Bihar Kesari''{{explain|date=December 2024}}. He was released from jail in 1923 and on the day of Tulsi Jayanti performed in the play ''Bharat Darshan'' at Central School, [[Kharagpur]]. In the same year he became member of the [[All India Congress Committee]].<ref name="Prasad 1987 186"/>

In 1927 Sinha became a member of the Legislative Council and in 1929 became General Secretary of the [[Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee]] (BPCC). In 1930, he participated in the Namak Satyagrah at Garhpura. He suffered severe scalding injuries to his hands and chest while being arrested, was imprisoned for six months and then was again arrested and imprisoned for two years during the [[Salt March|civil disobedience movement]]. He was released after the [[Gandhi–Irwin Pact]] and again started with his nationalist work and work with the Kisan Sabha. On 9 January 1932 he was sentenced to two years of [[Hard labour|rigorous imprisonment]] and a fine of Rs. 1,000. He was released from [[Hazaribagh]] Jail in October 1933. He was involved in relief and rehabilitation after the [[1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake]]. He was the President of Munger Zila Parishad from 1934 to 1937. In 1935, he was elected President of the Bihar Provincial Congress Committee in 1935 and 1953. He was elected to the Central Legislature in 1935–36. Shri Sinha was elected to the Bihar Legislature Assembly in 1935,<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 1937 |title=The Bihar Legislative Assembly Debates |url=http://archives.biharvidhanmandal.in/jspui/bitstream/123456789/142621/1/Debates_23rd%20Dec.%201937_split_22.pdf}}</ref> 1946, 1952 and 1957 and re-elected leader of the Congress Legislature Party in all the three successive terms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Page-18 |title=Press Information Bureau Government of India |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/COMMUNITY/1976-JAN-DEC-BIOGRAPHICAL-SKETHES-OF-CABINET-MIN/COM-1976-12-20_007.pdf }}</ref>{{Additional citation needed|date=February 2024|reason=Current citations do not support all the statements in this section}}

Sinha was also the President of the BPCC in 1936 with A.N. Sinha as his deputy,<ref name="Kumar principal editor 2013 692">{{cite book |last=Kumar |first=Dr. Vijay |title=Srkrishna Sinha Smriti Granth: Vichar aur Darshan |publisher=Bihar State Archives |year=2013 |isbn=978-93-81456-18-7 |location=Patna |pages=692 (at p. 164)}}</ref> a member of its working committee and the two held the positions for over thirty years.<ref>{{cite book
| first = L.N.
| last = Sharma
| title = Politics and Good Governance
| publisher = Regal Publications, New Delhi
| year = 2013
| isbn = 978-81-8484-269-2
| page = 212
}}</ref>

On 20 July 1937, he became the Premier of Bihar province when Congress came to power. Under the [[Government of India Act 1935|Government of India Act of 1935]], Sinha formed his Cabinet at [[Patna]] on 20 July 1937. He and his colleague A.N. Sinha disagreed with the governor on the issue of the release of political prisoners and resigned. The then-governor had to accede to the demands for release of prisoners from [[Cellular Jail]] (Kalapani) and the Bihar Tenancy Act was reformed in favour of peasants. They then resumed office. But they again resigned in 1939, as did all Congress chief ministers, over the question of involving India in the Second World War without the consent of the Indian people. Along with A.N. Sinha, the first deputy chief minister cum finance minister of Bihar,<ref name="Indian Post">{{cite web |title=First Bihar Deputy CM cum Finance Minister; A N Sinha |url=http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/DR.A.N.%20SINGH |access-date=20 May 2008 |publisher=Indian Post}}</ref>{{Additional citation needed|date=February 2024|reason=The statements in this section are not supported by the current citation.}} he is considered by some to be one of the makers of modern Bihar.<ref name="Prasad 1987 186"/>

Sinha opposed the [[caste system in India]]. In 1940 Gandhi described him as "the first [[Satyagrah]]i" of Bihar while A.N. Sinha was the second.<ref name="Prasad 1987"/> He was jailed for nine months (22 November 1940 – 26 August 1941). During the [[Quit India]] movement, which started in 1942, he was arrested on 10 August. He was released in 1944 from Hazaribagh jail after he became seriously ill. In the same year his wife died at [[Prince of Wales Medical College]].<ref name="Prasad 1987 186" />
[[File:Shri Krishna Singh with Morarji Desai.webp|thumb|Shri Krishna Singh with Morarji Desai at constituent assembly of India]]
As the former chief minister of Bihar he attended the [[Simla Conference]] and also became a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]], which framed the [[Constitution of India]].<ref name="Prasad 1987">{{cite book
| first = R.C.
| last = Prasad
| title = Shri Krishna Sinha: A Biography
| publisher = N.K.Enterprises, New Delhi
| year = 1987
}}</ref>

Sinha served Bihar continuously from 1946 until his death on 31 January 1961 at the age of 73. In 1978, the [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]] established a science museum called the [[Srikrishna Science Centre]]. The largest conference hall in Patna, [[Shri Krishna Memorial Hall]] is also named after him.<ref name="Prasad 1987 186"/>

== Tenure as Chief minister ==
[[File:Shri Krishna Sinha meeting Jawaharlal Nehru.jpg|thumb|Shri Krishna Sinha meeting Jawaharlal Nehru]]
[[File:Shri Krishna Singh sitting with child.jpg|thumb|Shri Krishna Singh sitting with child]]
His tenure, spanning over 14 years after [[Independence Day (India)|India's independence]], was marked by transformative reforms and progressive governance that laid the foundation for modern Bihar. Shri Babu was a strong advocate of social justice, education, and economic development. One of his most notable achievements was the '''abolition of the [[zamindari system]]''', which aimed to end feudal landholding practices and redistribute land to the poor and marginalised farmers. This monumental reform brought significant relief to the rural populace and contributed to reducing socio-economic inequalities in the state.

During his tenure, Shri Krishna Singh prioritised '''educational development''' and played a vital role in establishing several educational institutions to promote literacy and higher learning. He worked tirelessly to ensure access to education for underprivileged and marginalised communities, which was a significant step towards social equality. Shri Babu also championed '''industrial development''' in Bihar, laying the groundwork for large-scale industrial projects such as the '''[[Barauni Refinery]]''' and the '''[[Heavy Engineering Corporation]]''' in Ranchi. These initiatives boosted employment and contributed to Bihar's economic growth. Under Singh's tenure, the '''[[Barauni Fertiliser Plant|Barauni Fertilizer Plant]]''' and '''[[Sindri (Dhanbad)|Sindri Fertilizer Plant]]''' were indeed established and became important for agricultural development in the region.

He played a role in the planning stages for the development of '''[[Bokaro Steel City|Bokaro]]''' as an industrial hub. The '''[[Bokaro Steel Plant]]''', however, was established later, in the 1960s, under the leadership of his successors. Nevertheless, his support for industrialisation in the region set the foundation for Bokaro's later development. Bihar, which has significant coal reserves, was central to India's coal production during this period. Shri Krishna Singh’s government did push for the development of the state's coal resources, particularly in regions like '''[[Jharia]]''' and '''[[Hazaribagh]]''', to fuel industrial projects. He was indeed supportive of the '''[[Damodar Valley Corporation|Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC)]]''', which was established in 1948 to manage the '''[[Damodar River]]''' basin's resources. This project was focused on flood control, irrigation, and electricity generation. Shri Krishna Singh advocated for projects like these to aid Bihar's economic growth.
[[File:Rajendra Setu.png|thumb|Rajendra Setu, inaugurated in 1959]]
During his tenure as Chief Minister, Shri Krishna Singh envisioned the development of an industrial corridor through [[Begusarai]], [[Bakhtiarpur|Bakhtiyarpur]], and [[Fatuha]]. To facilitate this vision, he oversaw the construction of '''[[Rajendra Setu]]''', the first railroad bridge on the Ganges in independent India, completed in Mokama-Simaria in 1959. This landmark infrastructure project played a pivotal role in boosting connectivity and industrial growth in Bihar.

Shri Krishna Singh was a staunch supporter of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s principles and worked to eradicate untouchability and caste discrimination. He actively implemented policies to uplift Dalits and backward classes, ensuring their greater participation in social, economic, and political spheres. His government also initiated welfare measures for farmers, labourers, and industrial workers, solidifying his reputation as a leader dedicated to the people's welfare.

As a leader, Shri Babu was admired for his administrative acumen, integrity, and unwavering commitment to public service. His visionary leadership transformed Bihar into a progressive state and earned him the title '''“[[Bihar Kesari]]”''' (Lion of Bihar). Shri Krishna Singh's tenure as Chief Minister is remembered as a period of significant progress, social reform, and economic transformation in Bihar's history.

== Death and legacy ==
[[File:Shri Krishna Singh 1988 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Shri Krishna Singh on stamp of India ,1988]]
Shri Krishna Singh, affectionately known as Shri Babu, died on 31 January 1961, in [[Patna]], Bihar, India. His death marked the end of a significant era in Bihar's political history, as he had been the state's first Chief Minister, serving from 1946 until his demise.

A unanimous resolution was adopted at Sadaqat Ashram, Patna, by senior Congress leaders, including [[Meira Kumar]], [[Nikhil Kumar (governor)|Nikhil Kumar]], and others, urging the conferment of the Bharat Ratna on Shri Krishna Singh for his contributions to Bihar’s social and economic development. Leaders from other parties, including the BJP, and the Bihar government in 2021 have also supported this demand, recognising his enduring legacy as a reformist and visionary leader.

==See also==
* [[List of chief ministers of Bihar]]
*[[Rati Lal Prasad Verma]]
*[[Ramdeo Mahto]]
*[[Ajit Kumar Mehta]]
*[[Aklu Ram Mahto]]
*[[Dev Dyal Kushwaha]]
*[[Upendra Nath Verma]]
*[[Sumitra Devi (politician)|Sumitra Devi]]
*[[Chandradeo Prasad Verma]]
*[[Sahdeo Mahato]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=kmZV1ALVaCYC&pg=PT403 Sri Babu & Anugrah Babu]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527160946/http://www.indiarightsonline.com/Sabrang/india7.nsf/38b852a8345861dd65256a980059289d/43f22a268865987a652570de007d9457?OpenDocument Bihar's first exemplary government:The Sri Babu-Anugrah Babu regime]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=Op95VJuN9iUC&dq=anugrah+babu&pg=PA96 Rajendra Prasad :Letters to Sri Babu & Anugrah Babu]
*[http://jamui.bih.nic.in/districtProfile/jamuiHistory.html Shri Babu, Anugrah Babu & Rajendra Babu:Bihar's builders]
*[https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/bihar-assembly-elections-1952-first-polls-first-rift-first-rush-19526720113/ The first polls, first rift, first rush: Bihar 1952 SK Sinha & Anugrah Narain Sinha]

{{Chief Ministers of Bihar}}

{{Mohandas K. Gandhi}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinha, Sri Krishna}}
[[Category:1887 births]]
[[Category:1961 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Bihar]]
[[Category:Finance ministers of Bihar]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Bihar district councillors]]
[[Category:People from Munger district]]
[[Category:People from Nawada district]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:Presidents of Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee]]

Leela Dube

2026-03-16T08:33:41Z

PercySpivakovsky: created a details - done

{{short description|Indian anthropologist and feminist scholar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox scholar
| image = Leela dube.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Leela Dube – October 2006
| birth_date = {{birth date|1923|03|27|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2012|05|20|1923|03|27|df=y}}
| death_place = Delhi, India
| era =
| region =
| school_tradition =
| main_interests =
| notable_ideas =
| major_works =
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}}

'''Leela Dube''' (27 March 1923 – 20 May 2012) was a renowned anthropologist and feminist scholar, fondly called Leeladee by many. She had been married to the renowned anthropologist and sociologist Late [[Shyama Charan Dube]]. Leela Dube was the younger sister of the late classical singer [[Sumati Mutatkar]]. Her elder son Late Mukul Dube was an avid photographer. She is survived by her younger son, [[Saurabh Dube]]. Known for her work on kinship and in [[women's studies]], she wrote several books including ''Matriliny and Islam: religion and society in the Laccadives''<ref>{{cite web|title=In Memoriam: Prof. Leela Dube(1923-2012)|date=22 May 2012 |url=http://feministsindia.com/in-memoriam-prof-leela-dube-1923-2012|publisher=feministsindia.com|accessdate=29 May 2012}}</ref> and ''Women and kinship: comparative perspectives on gender in South and South‑east Asia''.

==Career==
Although she had taught earlier at Osmania, Dube's academic career really began in 1960 at [[Sagar University]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]. She moved to [[Delhi]] in 1975. She played a crucial role in shaping the "Towards Equality" report of the Committee on the Status of Women in India (1974), [[Government of India]], discussion of which in the [[Parliament of India]] brought women's studies to centre stage in Indian academia via the [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]] and the [[ICSSR]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-05-20 |title=A feminist anthropologist who pioneered studies on matriliny, kinship |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/a-feminist-anthropologist-who-pioneered-studies-on-matriliny-kinship/article3439403.ece |access-date=2024-03-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

She was a key person in the [[Indian Sociological Society]] in the 1970s and was responsible for introducing women's studies concerns into mainstream sociology. She was one of the pioneering and senior faculty in the [[Institute of Rural Management, Anand]], when it started functioning in 1980. One of her studies in the then nascent educational organisation put it on the international map.<ref>{{cite book |title=Studies on women in South East Asia: a status report |first=Leela |last=Dube |publisher=UNESCO Regional Office in Asia and Oceania |year=1980 |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0004/000457/045796eb.pdf |accessdate=2012-07-01}}</ref> In IRMA she pioneered a course for the first batch in 1980, termed then "Rural Environment"; a foundation course which attempted to push a "business management techniques program design" towards asking questions about village society. It was also designed as a preparatory course to the "village field work segment". This was an innovation for business schools which she pioneered from probably her own sociological field work experiences. This course has been developed further, and split; in 2012, it was offered as three half credit courses, termed "Rural Society and Polity", "Rural Livelihood Systems", and "Rural Research Methods". It continues to be offered as a first semester course, as a preparation for the field work that follows.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.irma.ac.in/programmes/prm_programme_structure.php |title=PRM : Programme Structure |accessdate=2012-07-16 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313011736/https://www.irma.ac.in/programmes/prm_programme_structure.php |archivedate=13 March 2013 }}</ref>

At the World Sociological Congress of 1984, women activists and women's studies scholars played a dominant role through Research Committee (RC) 32. Dube summed up the session with her comments on the tradition of son preference in India. In a debate in the ''Economic and Political Weekly'' in 1982–86 on sex selective abortions, her contribution was noteworthy and her prediction about the direct relationship between deficit of women and increased violence against women proved to be true in later years.

Due to the team effort of women's studies scholars (including Leela Dube), RC 32 was institutionalised in the World Sociological Congress. Dube invited many activists for the 12th [[International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences]], Zagreb, 24–31 July 1988, to present papers on "Codification of Customary Laws into Family Laws in Asia". In the Congress, Dube's speech on feminist anthropologist [[Eleanor Leacock]] provided new insights into the departure of feminist anthropologists from the colonial legacy of "Big Brother watching you". Power relations between the North and The South in the construction of knowledge and the hegemonic presence of the ETIC approach in academics were questioned by Leacock as well as by Dube, a proponent of the "dialogical approach" in anthropological and ethnographic research.

At different times, Leela Dube was associated with the Indian Council of Social Science Research and the [[Nehru Memorial Museum & Library|Nehru Memorial Museum and Library]]. For short spells she was visiting faculty at several universities in different parts of the world.

In keeping with her expressed wish, her eyes were donated after her death.

==Books and articles==
''Visibility and Power: Essays on Women in Society and Development'', co-edited by Leela Dube, [[Eleanor Leacock]] and [[Shirley Ardener]] and published by the [[Oxford University Press]] in 1986, provides an international perspective for the anthropology of women in the contexts of India, Iran, Malaysia, Brazil and Yugoslavia.

Her piece, "On the Construction of Gender: Hindu Girls in Patrilineal India", ''Economic and Political Weekly'', Vol. 23, No. 18 (30 Apr. 1988), has been used by women's groups for study circles and training programmes.

A volume in the series on Women and the Household, ''Structures and Strategies: Women, Work, and Family'' (1990), co-edited by Leela Dube and Rajni Palriwala, has been useful in teaching women's studies in economics, sociology, geography, social work and governance courses.

''Women and Kinship: Comparative Perspectives on Gender in South and South-East Asia'', by Leela Dube, [[United Nations University]] Press (1997), argues that kinship systems provide an important context in which gender relations are located in the personal and public arenas.

Her celebrated book, ''Anthropological Explorations in Gender: Intersecting Fields'', published in 2001 by Sage, is an important contribution in feminist anthropology in India. It examines gender, kinship and culture by sourcing a variety of unconventional materials such as folk tales, folk songs, proverbs, legends and myths to construct an ethnographic profile of feminist thought. She provides an understanding of the socialization of the girl child in the patriarchal family, with the "seed and soil" theory propagated by Hindu scriptures and epics symbolizing a domination-subordination power relationship between men and women.<ref>{{cite web|title=All Books by Leela dube|url=http://www.bookfinder.com/author/leela-dube|publisher=BookFinder.com|accessdate=29 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Anthropological Explorations in Gender: Intersecting Fields|url=http://www.bookfinder.com/dir/i/Anthropological_Explorations_in_Gender-Intersecting_Fields/0761994858/|publisher=BookFinder.com|accessdate=29 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Books by Leela dube|url=http://www.bookfinder.com/dir/i/Structures_and_Strategies-Women,_Work,_and_Family_In/817036163X/|publisher=BookFinder.com|accessdate=29 May 2012}}</ref>

Her last publication, a Marathi translation of her last book in English, was ''Manavashastratil Lingbhavachi Shodhamohim'', which appeared in 2009.

==Awards==
In 2009 she was given the UGC's [[Swami Pranavananda]] Saraswati Award for 2005.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}

In 2007 she received the Lifetime Achievement Award of the [[Indian Sociological Society]].{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dube, Leela}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian anthropologists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Osmania University]]
[[Category:Feminist studies scholars]]
[[Category:Indian women anthropologists]]
[[Category:Indian women science writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educational theorists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Indian feminist writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian anthropologists]]
[[Category:Women writers from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian social sciences writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian anthropologists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Women scientists from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women educators from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Educators from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Institute of Rural Management Anand]]

Indubala

2026-03-14T19:23:55Z

PercySpivakovsky: put up initial post basic info

{{Short description|Indian singer (1898–1984)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Indubala
| image = Indubala1936.png
| alt = A South Asian woman with a bindi; her dark waved hair is partly covered by a light-colored dupatta
| caption = Indubala, from a 1936 issue of ''The Indian Listener''
| other_names = Indubālā Debī, Miss Indubala, Indu Bala
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1898
| birth_place = [[Amritsar]], [[India]]
| death_date = 30 November 1984 (aged approximately 83)
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| occupation = Singer and actress
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| spouse(s) =
| relatives =
}}

'''Indubala''' (1898 – 30 November 1984), sometimes credited as '''Miss Indubala''', '''Indubālā Debī''', or '''Indubala Devi''', was a Bengali singer and actress. She received the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in 1975.

== Early life ==
Indubala was born in [[Amritsar]], the daughter of Motilal Bose and Rajabala. Her parents were with the Great Bengal Circus,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last1= Chakrabarti |first1= Kunal |last2= Chakrabarti |first2= Shubhra |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=QVOFAAAAQBAJ&dq=Singer+Indubala&pg=PA232 |title= Historical Dictionary of the Bengalis |date= 2013-08-22 |publisher= [[Scarecrow Press]] |isbn=978-0-8108-8024-5 |pages=232–233 |language=en}}</ref> and separated soon after her birth.Her father was a circus owner, her mother performed acrobatics in the circus. Her mother also had other siblings, including Matibala who worked in performance and Tinkary a circus performer. She lived with her mother in Calcutta. Her mother later began her singing career in Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://hindi-movies-songs.com/sirc/trn-2008-for-net-1.doc.pdf |title=The journal of the ‘Sociely of Indian Record Collectors, Mumbai ’ |publisher= [[Record News]] |access-date= 2026-03-14}}</ref> She trained as a singer in Calcutta with several teachers, including [[Gauhar Jaan]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Debdutta|date=17 January 2020|title=Indubala Devi – the singing sensation of 1915 Calcutta!|url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/indubala-devi-the-singing-sensation-of-1915-calcutta|access-date=2021-11-14|website=Get Bengal|language=en}}</ref>{{Citation not found|date=2026-03-14}} [[Kamal Dasgupta]], and [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Guha|first=Jyoti Prakash|date=2008|title=A short biography of Indubala|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/trn/pdfs/trn_2008.pdf |journal= [[Record News]] |pages=35–50}}</ref> Gauhar Jaan was indubala's most helpful teacher, not only teaching her to sing but also instructing her in etiquette. Indubala began her singing career as a courtesan ([[tawaif]]) in her teens.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/indubala-devi-the-singing-sensation-of-1915-calcutta |title=Indubala Devi â€“ the singing sensation of 1915 Calcutta! |publisher=Getbengal
|access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref>{{Citation not found|date=2026-03-14}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/archives-and-afterlives-of-nautch-dancers-in-india/joyous-courtesan-worlds/A0F87C62317CB1487100EED0C8DA312A |title=4 - Joyous Courtesan Worlds Amod (Pleasure), Alladi (Indulgence) and Indubala’s Scrapbook |publisher=Cambridge University |access-date= 2025-10-24}}</ref> Indubala's mother wanted her to become a nurse, she had even been accepted as an intern at a hospital in Pataldanga, Kolkata. However, Indubala didn't like nursing and ultimately chose to follow in her mother's footsteps as a singer, despite her mother's disappointment at her decision to give up nursing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianraga.wordpress.com/2010/09/05/78rpm-vintage-indubala/ |title= 78rpm vintage: Indubala |publisher= Indian Raga |access-date= 2026-03-14}}</ref>

== Career ==
Indubala is considered one of the great Bengali women singers.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Murshid|first=Ghulam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9o4SEAAAQBAJ&dq=Singer+Indubala&pg=PT301|title=Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years|date=2018-01-25|publisher=Niyogi Books|isbn=978-93-86906-12-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bhattacharya|first=Rimli|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M75aDwAAQBAJ&dq=Singer+Indubala&pg=PT276|title=Public Women in British India: Icons and the Urban Stage|date=2018-05-15|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-429-01655-4|language=en}}</ref> She made her first of hundreds of recordings for [[Gramaphone Records]] in 1915 or 1916.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Denning|first=Michael|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uGznDwAAQBAJ&dq=Singer+Indubala&pg=PT26|title=Noise Uprising: The Audiopolitics of a World Musical Revolution|date=2015-08-01|publisher=Verso Books|isbn=978-1-78168-857-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Joshi|first=G. N.|date=1988|title=A Concise History of the Phonograph Industry in India|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/853533|journal=Popular Music|volume=7|issue=2|pages=147–156|doi=10.1017/S0261143000002725|jstor=853533|s2cid=161788875 |issn=0261-1430|url-access=subscription}}</ref> She performed on stage with her mother's company, the Rambagan Female Kali Theatre,<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Chakraborti|first=Bikas|title=Boundaries of the Self: Gender, Culture and Spaces|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|year=2014|isbn=9781443860789|editor-last=Banerjee|editor-first=Debalina|pages=127–139; quote on page 138|chapter=Mirabai and Indubala: Spiritual Empowerment Redefined|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6ExBwAAQBAJ&dq=Singer+Indubala&pg=PA127}}</ref> and at the [[Star Theatre, Kolkata|Star Theatre]]. She sang on All India Radio beginning in 1927, on the broadcaster's second day on the air, and regularly through the 1930s.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=22 December 1940|title=Miss Indubala|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iuXiDwAAQBAJ&q=%22The+Indian+Listener%22|journal=The Indian Listener|volume=6|pages=11}}</ref> In 1936 she was appointed court musician to the [[Maharaja of Mysore]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=E8XdDwAAQBAJ&dq=Singer+Indubala&pg=PA952 "Books Reviewed" ''The Indian Listener''] (22 September 1936): 952.</ref> Beginning in the 1930s she provided [[Playback singer|playback vocals]] for sound films, and she acted on-screen in more than two dozen films, including ''[[Rajrani Meera]]'' (1933), ''[[Sati Sulochana]]'' (1934), and ''[[Naveena Sarangadhara]]'' (1936).<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Dickey|first1=Sara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKSbDwAAQBAJ&dq=Singer+Indubala&pg=PT41|title=South Asian Cinemas: Widening the Lens|last2=Dudrah|first2=Rajinder|date=2018-10-24|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-97729-2|language=en}}</ref> She retired from the stage in 1950. She received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1975.<ref name=":1" />

Indubala lived most of her life in the Rambagan neighborhood of Calcutta,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Purkayastha|first=Prarthana|date=2021|title=Outing Pleasure and Indulgence: Indubala's Scrapbook and the Red-Light Dances of Calcutta|journal=Contemporary Theatre Review|volume=31|issue=1–2|pages=14–33|doi=10.1080/10486801.2021.1878502 |issn=1048-6801|s2cid=234783392|doi-access=free}}</ref> and was concerned for the welfare of the actresses and sex workers concentrated in that district. "I am Rambagan's Indu," she declared. "Here I have learnt music, established myself, and got respect."<ref name=":2" />

== Personal life ==
After several years of declining health, Indubala died in 1984, in Calcutta, in her mid-eighties.<ref name=":0" /> She is one of the title characters of Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay's short story "Einstein and Indubala" (2016).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ravi|first=S.|date=2016-04-20|title=Tales that continue to rankle|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Tales-that-continue-to-rankle/article14247753.ece|access-date=2021-11-15|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In 2020 a compilation album of Indubala's recordings was released on vinyl, by Tara Disc.<ref>{{Citation|last=Discogs|title=Miss Indubala – Miss Indubala (1889-1984) (2020, Vinyl)|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/16253781-Miss-Indubala-Miss-Indubala-1889-1984|language=en|access-date=2021-11-15}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name|id=0408569}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJMDSXLWh-k Miss Indubala Raga Bhairavi Coln: Rantideb Maitra], a recording by Indubala, on YouTube
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indubala}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1984 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Amritsar]]
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Natalia Grace

2026-03-09T21:55:32Z

PercySpivakovsky: reworked structure per sources and updated info based on references

{{Short description|American adoptee with dwarfism (born 2003)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Natalia Grace
| native_name = Наталія «Наташа» Вадимівна Гава
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Natalia Vadymivna Gava ({{langx|uk|Наталія Вадимівна Гава}})
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2003|09|04}}
| birth_place = [[Mykolaiv]], Ukraine
| other_names = Natalia Lourdes Ciccone
| citizenship = United States
| parents = Kristine and Michael Barnett, her adoptive parents
| height = {{convert|3|ft|7|in|cm}}
}}

'''Natalyah Grace Renee Mans''' (born '''Natalia''' "'''Natasha'''" '''Vadymivna Gava''' ({{langx|uk|Наталія «Наташа» Вадимівна Гава}}), September 4, 2003; formerly '''Natalia Lourdes Ciccone'''  and '''Natalia Grace Barnett''') is an American with [[dwarfism]], who was adopted by an American family at the age of seven in 2010, but was allegedly abandoned three years later.

Kristine and Michael Barnett, her adoptive parents, claimed that Natalia was an adult, and, in 2012, they successfully sought a court order legally changing her birth year from 2003 to 1989.<ref name="HelloAge">{{Cite news |last=James |first=Faye |date=January 3, 2024 |title=Natalia Grace's real age revealed by DNA test |url=https://www.hellomagazine.com/film/510512/natalia-graces-real-age-revealed-by-dna-test/ |work=[[Hello! (magazine)|Hello!]]}}</ref> Via an August 2023 [[DNA test]], a healthcare testing company estimated that Natalia was about twenty-two years old at the time of the test,{{efn|Age can be estimated from a DNA test by using the '[[Epigenetic clock]]' as a measure of [[DNA methylation]] over time.}} supporting the contention that she was ten years old when her adoptive parents allegedly abandoned her in an apartment in 2013.<ref name="YahooDNA">{{Cite news |last=Nelson |first=Elise |date=January 2, 2024 |title=Natalia Grace Barnett's DNA Test Confirms Her Real Age: 'This Proves I Was Not Lying' |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/natalia-grace-barnett-dna-test-125230631.html |work=[[In Touch Weekly]]}}</ref><ref name="BusinessGrace">{{Cite news |last1=Haasch |first1=Palmer |last2=Torres |first2=Libby |date=January 4, 2024 |title=The 7 most shocking accusations made in 'The Curious Case of Natalia Grace: Natalia Speaks' |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/natalia-grace-dna-test-age-parents-abuse-allegations-shocking-accusations-2024-1#natalia-takes-a-dna-test-which-appears-to-reveal-her-biological-age-is-close-to-22-2 |work=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref> Her date of birth has since been legally restored to her 2003 birth year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aizin |first=Rebecca |date=7 January 2025 |title=Where Are Natalia Grace's Former Adoptive Parents Now? What We Know About the Barnett and Mans Families' Lives Today |url=https://people.com/where-are-natalia-grace-former-adoptive-parents-now-8769889 |access-date=14 February 2025 |website=People.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Victorian |first=Brande |date=6 January 2025 |title='Curious Case of Natalia Grace: The Final Chapter' Zeroes In on Allegations Around Natalia's Adoptive Family |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-features/the-curious-case-of-natalia-grace-the-final-chapter-mans-family-1236099353/ |access-date=14 February 2025 |work=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> The Barnetts were later charged with neglect; Michael was acquitted in 2022, and charges against Kristine were dismissed in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahlgrim |first=Palmer Haasch, Callie |title=What happened between Natalia Grace and the Mans family? She no longer lives with her second set of adoptive parents |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/natalia-speaks-ending-explained-natalia-grace-new-parents-antwon-cynthia-mans-2024-1?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>

Barnett is the subject of two television series, ''[[The Curious Case Of Natalia Grace|The Curious Case of Natalia Grace]]'', a [[documentary television series|docuseries]], and the [[Hulu]] dramatization ''[[Good American Family]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Strause |first=Jackie |date=27 January 2025 |title=Ellen Pompeo's Natalia Grace-Inspired Hulu Series Gets First Look, Release Date |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/ellen-pompeo-natalia-grace-hulu-show-release-1236119364/ |access-date=14 February 2025 |work=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref>

==Early life and adoption==
Natalia Grace was born on September 4, 2003,<ref name="HelloAge" /><ref name="YahooDNA" /><ref name="BusinessGrace" /> as Natalia Vadymivna Gava ({{langx|uk|Наталія Вадимівна Гава}}; named by social services Natasha ({{lang|uk|Наташа}})<ref name="Houses of Horror">{{cite episode |people=Conway, Christian; Conway, Jackson (directors) |date=January 2, 2024 |title=Houses of Horror |series=[[The Curious Case of Natalia Grace]] |quote=''Natalia Grace:'' I've been Natasha Gava and then it was Natalia Ciccone and then it was Natalia Barnett and now it'll be Natalyah Mans. ''[Text on screen: Наталія Лурдес; Natalia Lourdes Ciccone; Natalia Grace Barnett]''}}</ref><ref name="WLFI">{{cite news |last=Martorano |first=Vinny |date=May 31, 2023 |title=Tippecanoe County Prosecutors Office Releases Evidence: Natalia Grace Barnett Case |url=https://www.wlfi.com/news/tippecanoe-county-prosecutors-office-releases-evidence-natalia-grace-barnett-case/article_59dd49a2-ff3e-11ed-b398-c3946d8e18f5.html |website=[[WLFI-TV]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531030547/https://www.wlfi.com/news/tippecanoe-county-prosecutors-office-releases-evidence-natalia-grace-barnett-case/article_59dd49a2-ff3e-11ed-b398-c3946d8e18f5.html |archive-date=May 31, 2023 |quote=BIRTH CERTIFICATE: Citizen Gava Natalia Vadymivna was born as of 04.09.2003 Refusal of maternal rights I, Gava Anna Vladimirovna 20.04.1979 DOB, citizen of Ukraine, residing at : Nikaloaev, [...] Had given birth to a child (girl) in the city hospital # 1 in Nikolaev, [...] Second child, I refuse of maternal rights, because this child has congenital defects. I'm not married. Have a child of 4 years old, and raising child alone, have not enough money to raise another child.}}</ref> in [[Ukraine]] to Vadim "Vadik" Gava ({{lang|uk|Вадим «Вадик» Гава}}) and Anna Volodymyrivna Gava ({{lang|uk|Анна Володимирівна Гава}}) of [[Mykolaiv]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vargas |first=Ramon Antonio |date=2023-06-04 |title=Six-year-old orphan or 'con artist' adult? Revisiting the strange story of Natalia Grace |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jun/04/natalia-grace-docuseries-hbo-discovery-ukrainian-orphan-con-artist |access-date=2023-06-23 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilkins |first=Ron |date=August 27, 2020 |title=Prosecutors prepared to call Natalia Barnett's birth mother to prove Ukrainian orphan's age in neglect case |url=https://www.jconline.com/story/news/crime/2020/08/27/prosecutors-prepared-call-natalia-barnetts-birth-mother-prove-ukrainian-orphans-age-neglect-case/3412866001/ |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Journal and Courier |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Minutaglio |first=Rose |date=2019-10-09 |title=Inside the Real-Life 'Orphan' Case: Parenting Author Kristine Barnett Claims Her Adopted Teen Is Actually a Disturbed Adult |url=https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a29205646/kristine-barnett-natalia-grace-adoption/ |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=ELLE |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="WLFI"/>

Natalia was diagnosed with [[spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita]], a rare form of [[dwarfism]]. Her mother, identified as born on April 20, 1979, placed her in an orphanage in Ukraine after her birth, with the recorded rationale of the "child hav[ing] congenital defects" and, being unmarried with a 4-year-old, "hav[ing] not enough money to raise another child".<ref name="WLFI"/>

In 2008, she was adopted as Natalia Lourdes Ciccone<ref name="Houses of Horror"/> by Dyan and Gary Ciccone of [[New Hampshire]]. The Ciccones placed her for adoption again in 2010, for what ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' magazine alleged was her "disruptive behavior".<ref>{{cite news |title=Where Are Natalia Grace's Former Adoptive Parents Now? |author=Rebecca Aizin |work=People Magazine |publisher=Dotdash Meredith |url=https://people.com/where-are-natalia-grace-former-adoptive-parents-now-8769889 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406023221/https://people.com/where-are-natalia-grace-former-adoptive-parents-now-8769889 |archive-date=2025-04-06}}</ref> She was adopted by Kristine and Michael Barnett in the spring of 2010, taking the legal name "Natalia Grace Barnett".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Flynn |first=Sheila |date=2023-06-05 |title=Six-year-old saved by adoption or murderous adult imposter: Who is Natalia Grace? |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/natalia-grace-michael-burnett-adopted-girl-b2351428.html |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Natalia Barnett testifies against adoptive father in trial alleging neglect |url=https://www.jconline.com/story/news/crime/2022/10/25/natalia-and-kristine-barnett-allegedly-had-a-caustic-relationship/69581569007/ |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Journal and Courier |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Houses of Horror"/>

== Alleged abandonment ==

In 2012, the Barnetts successfully petitioned the [[Marion County, Indiana]] court to change Natalia's Ukrainian birth records to indicate a 1989 birth date, which legally changed her age from eight to twenty-two.<ref name=":1" /> In July 2013, the Barnetts moved Natalia to an apartment in [[Westfield, Indiana]], and later [[Lafayette, Indiana]]. Leaving Natalia alone in the Lafayette apartment, the Barnetts then moved along with their biological children to [[Ontario]], [[Canada]] so that their oldest son could begin graduate studies at [[University of Waterloo|the University of Waterloo]] and the [[Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics|Perimeter Institute]].<ref name=":1" />

Shortly after being left alone in the Lafayette apartment, Natalia was invited to live with Antwon Corry Mans, a self-described "[[bishop]],"<ref>{{cite web|last=Lowe|first=Lindsay|title=Where Is Cynthia Mans Of 'Good American Family' Now?|website=Today.com|publisher=[[National Broadcasting Company]]|date=2025-04-23|url=https://www.today.com/popculture/tv/cynthia-mans-now-rcna202343|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426063254/https://www.today.com/popculture/tv/cynthia-mans-now-rcna202343|archive-date=2025-04-26|access-date=2025-07-06|quote=The Manses have described Antwon Mans as a bishop on social media.}}</ref> and his wife, Cynthia Mary Renee Mans, who noticed that Natalia struggled to live on her own.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nelson |first=Elise |date=7 June 2023 |title=Antwon and Cynthia Mans with Natalia Grace Barnett on Dr. Phil.Dr. Phil/YouTube They Are Family! Who Are Natalia Grace Barnett's New Adoptive Parents, Antwon and Cynthia Mans? |url=https://www.intouchweekly.com/posts/antwon-cynthia-mans-natalia-grace-adoptive-parents/ |access-date=9 August 2023 |publisher=In Touch Weekly}}</ref><ref name="One Door Closes">{{cite episode |people=Conway, Christian; Conway, Jackson (directors) |date=January 3, 2024 |title=One Door Closes |series=[[The Curious Case of Natalia Grace]] |quote=And that the petition should be granted that the adult's name should be changed to Natalyah Grace Renee Mans. And that the petitioners Antwon Corry Mans and Cynthia Mary Renee Mans from this day forward shall be known as her parents. ''[Adoption paper on screen: 'Petitioners and Natalia wish to change Natalia's name to Natalyah Grace Renee Mans, adoptee and heir-at-law of adoptive parents, Antwon Corry Mans and Cynthia Mary Renee Mans [...]']''}}</ref> In 2016, they filed to become Natalia's legal guardians, describing her as an "alleged incapacitated person" who was 13 or 14 years old, changing her name to Natalyah Grace Renee Mans.<ref name="One Door Closes"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Haasch |first=Palmer |date=January 16, 2024 |title=Natalia Grace's new adoptive mother says it's been 'tough' since docuseries' bombshell ending, but she and Natalia are 'fine' |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/natalia-grace-cynthia-mans-relationship-update-finale-2024-1 |work=[[Business Insider]] |quote=But according to Cynthia Mans, she and her adopted daughter, who currently appears to be going by the name Natalyah Mans, are alright.}}</ref> The Barnetts were charged with neglect of a dependent but Michael was affirmed "not guilty" in 2022 and Kristine's charges were dismissed in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Janes |first=DeAnna |date=2019-11-04 |title=The Girl Whose Adoptive Parents Claim She's an Adult Sociopath Breaks Her Silence |url=https://www.oprahmag.com/entertainment/a29516065/natalia-grace-barnett-orphan-parents/ |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Oprah Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

The prosecutors in the neglect case against the Barnetts claimed to have located Natalia's birth mother, Anna Gava, in Ukraine and additionally claimed that DNA testing confirmed Gava as Natalia's biological mother, but this was never independently verified. Prosecutors also declined to call Gava as a witness.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.marknicholsonlaw.com/demystify-misinformation-with-faqs-about-natalia-grace | title=Demystify Misinformation with FAQs About Natalia Grace | date=19 June 2023 }}</ref> If Natalia's court-assigned birth date of 1989 were correct, Gava would have given birth to Natalia at ten years of age. The prosecutors also obtained birth and hospital records from Ukraine which support Natalia's original September 4, 2003, birth date and were barred from presenting the evidence that Natalia was a minor child born in 2003 when she was left to live alone in an apartment, and the neglect case was tried based on Natalia's disability, not her age.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wilkens |first=Ron |date=27 August 2020 |title=Prosecutors prepared to call Natalia Barnett's birth mother to prove Ukrainian orphan's age in neglect case |url=https://www.jconline.com/story/news/crime/2020/08/27/prosecutors-prepared-call-natalia-barnetts-birth-mother-prove-ukrainian-orphans-age-neglect-case/3412866001/ |access-date=28 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Merinuk |first=Madeline |date=8 June 2023 |title=Who is Natalia Grace's biological mother? |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/natalia-graces-biological-mother-164146739.html |access-date=28 August 2023 |publisher=Woman & Home – Yahoo News |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828194724/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/natalia-graces-biological-mother-164146739.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ridley |first=Jane |date=28 May 2023 |title=A family thought they were adopting a 6-year-old girl. Now they claim she's an adult con artist. |url=https://www.insider.com/docuseries-examines-complex-case-of-ukraine-orphan-may-be-adult-2023-5 |access-date=28 August 2023 |publisher=Insider}}</ref> The prosecution was barred from presenting such information and evidence as the court felt it did not have the authority to overrule the earlier 2012 ruling establishing her birth date as 1989.<ref>{{cite web|title=Neglect charges based on Natalia Grace's age dismissed against mom accused of abandoning her in Lafayette|author=Ron Wilkins|website=Lafayette Journal & Courier|date=2020-08-15|url=https://www.jconline.com/story/news/crime/2020/08/15/neglect-charges-based-natalia-graces-age-dismissed-against-mom-accused-abandoning-her-lafayette/5590973002/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200928060900/https://www.jconline.com/story/news/crime/2020/08/15/neglect-charges-based-natalia-graces-age-dismissed-against-mom-accused-abandoning-her-lafayette/5590973002/|archive-date=2020-09-28|access-date=2025-07-06|quote=In the eyes of the law, though, Tippecanoe Superior 2 [sic] Judge Steve Meyer ruled Friday that, in Kristine Barnett's motion to dismiss, Natalia's birthday established by a Marion Superior Court settled the issue [...] Meyer ruled that Tippecanoe Superior Court does not have the authority to change or undo a superior court ruling from another county.}}</ref>

Cynthia Mans, who took Natalia in after discovering her abandoned in the Lafayette apartment, said she believed that Kristine Barnett was inspired to legally change Natalia's age by the 2009 film [[Orphan (2009 film)|''Orphan'']]. The Barnetts claimed that Natalia was lying about her age and also exhibited sociopathic behavior which is similar to the plot of that film. The Mans said that Natalia had not exhibited violent behavior while living in their home.<ref>{{cite web|title=What Happened Between Natalia Grace and the Mans Family? The "Natalia Speaks" Ending Suggests They've Turned on Her|author=Palmer Haasch and Callie Ahlgrim|website=Business Insider via MSN|date=2025-07-06|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/crime/what-happened-between-natalia-grace-and-the-mans-family-the-natalia-speaks-ending-suggests-theyve-turned-on-her/ar-AA1mtEjM?ocid=BingNewsVerp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250706004258/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/crime/what-happened-between-natalia-grace-and-the-mans-family-the-natalia-speaks-ending-suggests-theyve-turned-on-her/ar-AA1mtEjM?ocid=BingNewsVerp|archive-date=2025-07-06|access-date=2025-07-06|quote='Natalia been with us all these years, and let me tell you, we have corrected Natalia, and she's never came at us with the knife or put thumbtacks up on our stairs, or tried to hurt our children,' Cynthia continued, referencing allegations from the Barnetts.}}</ref>

In December 2023,<ref>{{cite web|title=Inside Natalia Grace's New Life with Family of Little People in New York: 'It Is Definitely a Blessing to Be Alive'|author=Danielle Bacher|website=People|date=2025-01-08|url=https://people.com/inside-natalia-grace-s-new-life-with-family-of-little-people-in-new-york-it-is-definitely-a-blessing-to-be-alive-exclusive-8767697|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250706004258/https://people.com/inside-natalia-grace-s-new-life-with-family-of-little-people-in-new-york-it-is-definitely-a-blessing-to-be-alive-exclusive-8767697|archive-date=2025-07-06|access-date=2025-07-06|quote=Three days before Christmas in 2023, Ukrainian orphan Natalia Grace, 21—who has a rare form of dwarfism—escaped her adoptive family in the middle of the night.}}</ref> Natalia left the Mans' home and moved in with Vincent and Nicole DePaul, a couple that both have dwarfism<ref>{{cite web|last1=Haasch|first1=Palmer|last2=Ahlgrim|first2=Callie|title=Natalia Grace lives with the DePaul family now and says she feels 'free.' Here's what to know about them|work=Business Insider|publisher=[[Insider Inc.]]|date=7 January 2025|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/who-does-natalia-grace-live-with-now-depaul-family-2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502044818/https://www.businessinsider.com/who-does-natalia-grace-live-with-now-depaul-family-2025|archive-date=2 May 2025|access-date=6 October 2025|quote=The DePauls are a family of little people[...]}}</ref> and claim to have originally "attempted to adopt" Natalia prior to her adoption by the Barnetts;<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ukrainian Orphan – Child or Adult Sociopath – The Exclusive Interview |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNioz9JmQW4&t=1888s |access-date=9 August 2023 |publisher=Dr. Phil S18E44}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2019-11-08 |title=Natalia Grace Barnett: 'I'm 16, not a 33-year-old scam artist' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-50319910 |access-date=2023-06-23 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2023 |title=How old is Natalia Grace? Prosecutors reveal unheard |url=https://www.jconline.com/story/news/crime/2023/05/26/unheard-evidence-revealed-by-prosecutors-in-barnett-abuse-case/70256184007/ |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Journal and Courier}}</ref> however, that claim has been countered by Friends of Ukraine, alleging that the couple "attempted to extort" money from the first family and then "backed out when that didn’t work."<ref>https://x.com/ukrainesfriends/status/1914360844437094594</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=July 2025}} Natalia has reported that she "always loved" the DePauls and wished that she could have "seen them more growing-up."<ref>{{cite web|title=Inside Natalia Grace's New Life with Family of Little People in New York: 'It Is Definitely a Blessing to Be Alive'|author=Danielle Bacher|website=People|date=2025-01-08|url=https://people.com/inside-natalia-grace-s-new-life-with-family-of-little-people-in-new-york-it-is-definitely-a-blessing-to-be-alive-exclusive-8767697|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250706004258/https://people.com/inside-natalia-grace-s-new-life-with-family-of-little-people-in-new-york-it-is-definitely-a-blessing-to-be-alive-exclusive-8767697|archive-date=2025-07-06|access-date=2025-07-06|quote=Natalia says she has always loved the DePauls and wishes that she could have seen them more growing up. But according to Nicole and Vince, the Mans wouldn't allow them any contact.}}</ref> The DePauls have stated that they have no plans to officially adopt her, as Natalia is now an adult.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Does Natalia Grace Live With Now? DePaul Family|author=Palmer Haasch and Callie Ahlgrim|website=Business Insider|date=2025-05-01|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/who-does-natalia-grace-live-with-now-depaul-family-2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250706004258/https://www.businessinsider.com/who-does-natalia-grace-live-with-now-depaul-family-2025|archive-date=2025-07-06|access-date=2025-07-06|quote=Nicole [DePaul] told People that she has no plans to adopt Natalia, who is now legally an adult...}}</ref> Natalia reported that she feels "free" while living with the DePauls and that they are teaching her "how to live with [her] dwarfism".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Haasch|first1=Palmer|last2=Ahlgrim|first2=Callie|title=Natalia Grace lives with the DePaul family now and says she feels 'free.' Here's what to know about them|work=Business Insider|publisher=[[Insider Inc.]]|date=7 January 2025|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/who-does-natalia-grace-live-with-now-depaul-family-2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502044818/https://www.businessinsider.com/who-does-natalia-grace-live-with-now-depaul-family-2025|archive-date=2 May 2025|access-date=6 October 2025|quote='Learning everything that I have about how to live with my dwarfism — it's been a great experience,' she told People. 'I love it. I mean, of course, I still miss my siblings and everything. But I love it. I feel free.'}}</ref>

==Media coverage==
In 2019, Natalia appeared on an episode of [[Dr. Phil (talk show)|''Dr. Phil'']].<ref name=":2" /> Her life is the subject of the 2023 [[Investigation Discovery]] series ''[[The Curious Case of Natalia Grace]]'' (re-titled to ''The Curious Case of Natalia Grace: Natalia Speaks'' for season 2). Season 3 premiered January 7, 2025, on Max.<ref name=":0" /> Her story is the basis of the [[Hulu]] TV series ''[[Good American Family]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=2022-08-03 |title=Ellen Pompeo To Star In & EP Orphan-Adoption Limited Series Greenlighted By Hulu |url=https://deadline.com/2022/08/ellen-pompeo-star-ep-orphan-limited-series-hulu-1235055614/ |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Eliza |date=2023-05-04 |title=The Creepy True Story Behind Ellen Pompeo's 'Orphan' Series |url=https://parade.com/tv/ellen-pompeo-orphan-hulu-series |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Parade |language=en}}</ref> in which she is played by Imogen Faith Reid.

==See also==
* [[Disruption (adoption)]]
* [[International adoption]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Ukraine|United States}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barnett, Natalia}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:21st-century American people]]
[[Category:21st-century American women]]
[[Category:Adoption controversies]]
[[Category:Age controversies]]
[[Category:American adoptees]]
[[Category:American people with disabilities]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]
[[Category:People from Lafayette, Indiana]]
[[Category:People from Westfield, Indiana]]
[[Category:American people with dwarfism]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Ukrainian emigrants to the United States]]

List of districts in India

2026-03-08T08:43:06Z

PercySpivakovsky:

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{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Districts of India
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| territory = [[States and union territories of India]]
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| type1 =
| type2 =
| population_range = Greatest: [[Thane district|Thane]], [[Maharashtra]]—11,060,148 (2011 census) Least: [[Dibang Valley district|Dibang Valley]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]]—8,004 (2011 census)
| area_range = Largest: [[Kutch district|Kutch]], [[Gujarat]]—{{convert|45,652|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} Smallest: [[Mahé district|Mahé]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]—{{convert|8.69|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| density_range = Largest: [[Central Delhi district|Central Delhi]], [[Delhi]] Smallest: [[Lower Dibang Valley district|Lower Dibang Valley]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| government = District Administration
| subdivision = [[Revenue division]] (''Sub-division'') and,
| subdivision1 = [[Tehsil]] (''Taluka, Mandal''), and [[Community development block|Blocks]]
| map = [[File:India district map (de-facto).svg|400px]]
}}
{{Politics of India}}
A '''district''' (''[[Zila (country subdivision)|zila]]''), also known as '''revenue district''', is an [[Administrative divisions of India|administrative division]] of an [[States and union territories of India|Indian state or territory]]. In some cases, districts are further subdivided into [[Revenue division|sub-divisions]], and in others directly into [[tehsil|''tehsils'' or ''talukas'']]. {{As of|2025|12|09}}, there are a total of '''800 districts''' in India. This count includes Mahe and Yanam which are Census districts and not Administrative districts and also includes the temporary Maha Kumbh Mela district but excludes Itanagar Capital Complex which has a Deputy Commissioner but is not an official district.

== District Administration ==
;The District officials include:
*[[District Judge (India)|District & Sessions Judge]] (Principal & additional), an office to [[Judiciary of India|Indian Judicial Service]] (state), responsible for [[justice]] and passing orders of [[imprisonment]], including the [[Capital punishment|death penalty]] and also have limited administrative power. Also have appellate jurisdiction over all subordinate courts in the district for both civil and criminal matters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Inder |title=District Judge Does Not Have Power Of Superintendence Over Judicial Officers Subordinate To Him In The Court |url=https://legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-4564-district-judge-does-not-have-power-of-superintendence-over-judicial-officers-subordinate-to-him-in-the-district-court.html |website=legalserviceindia.com |access-date=27 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Court of Session |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_23_000010_197402_1517807320555&sectionId=22375&sectionno=9&orderno=9 |website=India Code (official) |access-date=27 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jurisdiction of District Court in India |url=https://districts.ecourts.gov.in/jurisdiction-district-court |website=District Courts |date=14 August 2023 |access-date=27 January 2024}}</ref>
*[[District magistrate (India)|District Magistrate]] or [[Deputy Commissioner]] or [[District Collector]], an officer of the [[Indian Administrative Service]], in charge of land revenue [[Public administration|administration]], disaster management, maintenance of public order, co-ordination, etc<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarma |first=Reshmitha |date=19 January 2020 |title=Who is a collector? What are his powers? |url=https://lawtimesjournal.in/who-is-a-collector-what-are-his-powers/ |access-date=9 April 2022 |website=Law Times Journal |language=en-us}}</ref>
*[[Superintendent of Police (India)|Superintendent of Police]] or Senior Superintendent of Police or Deputy Commissioner of Police, an officer belonging to the [[Indian Police Service]], responsible for maintaining [[Law and order (politics)|law and order]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Police Act, 1861 |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/police_act_1861.pdf |website=mha.gov.in |access-date=9 April 2022}}</ref> Superintendent of Police is incharge of the police administration of the respective [[police district]]. The police district is either coterminous with the revenue/administrative district or divided into two within the revenue district.
*Deputy Conservator of Forests, an officer belonging to the [[Indian Forest Service]], entrusted with the management of the forests, [[Natural environment|environment]] and wildlife of the district<ref>{{Cite web |year=2019 |title=Handbook of Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and Forest Conservation Rules, 2003 (Guidelines & Clarifications) |url=https://www.dgms.net/HANDBOOK_GUIDELINES18_03_2019.pdf |access-date=9 April 2022 |website=dgms.net |publisher=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]] |page=7}}</ref>
*Other district-level officials of respective state government departments, such as the [[District Educational Office]]r, [[Medical officer of health#India|District Medical Officer]], District Supply Officer, District Fire Officer, District Development Commissioner, etc.

Each of these officials is aided by officers from the appropriate branch of the state government.
Most districts have a distinct headquarters; but the districts of [[Mumbai City district|Mumbai City]] in [[Maharashtra]],<ref>[http://mumbaicity.gov.in/ Official site of Mumbai City Collectorate (A district)]</ref> [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]] in [[West Bengal]], [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad]] in [[Telangana]], and [[Chennai district|Chennai]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] are examples where there are no distinct district headquarters, although there are district collectors. These district headquarter is known as "Collectorates".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madurai District, Government of Tamilnadu {{!}} Athens of the East {{!}} India |url=https://madurai.nic.in/ |access-date=4 January 2026 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Overview ==

{{static row numbers}}{{sort under}}{{Table alignment}}{{row hover highlight}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text hover-highlight" "style="font-size: 100%"
|+ Number of districts & population (as per 2011) in administrative divisions
|-
! Administrative divisions
! No. of districts
! Total population
! Population per district
|-class="sorttop static-row-header"
! colspan="9" align="center" | '''''States'''''
|-
| [[List of districts of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]
| {{right}} 28
| {{right}} {{formatnum:49577103}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:49577103/28round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Arunachal Pradesh|Arunachal Pradesh]]
| {{right}} 28
| {{right}} {{formatnum:1383727}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:1383727/28round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Assam|Assam]]
| {{right}} 35
| {{right}} {{formatnum:31205576}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:31205576/35round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Bihar|Bihar]]
| {{right}} 38
| {{right}} {{formatnum:104099452}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:104099452/38round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh]]
| {{right}} 33
| {{right}} {{formatnum:25545198}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:25545198/33round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Goa|Goa]]
| {{right}} 3
| {{right}} {{formatnum:1458545}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:1458545/3round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Gujarat|Gujarat]]
| {{right}} 34
| {{right}} {{formatnum:60439692}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:60439692/34round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Haryana|Haryana]]
| {{right}} 23
| {{right}} {{formatnum:25351462}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:25351462/23round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]]
| {{right}} 12
| {{right}} {{formatnum:6864602}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:6864602/12round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Jharkhand|Jharkhand]]
| {{right}} 24
| {{right}} {{formatnum:32988134}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:32988134/24round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Karnataka|Karnataka]]
| {{right}} 31
| {{right}} {{formatnum:61095297}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:61095297/31round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Kerala|Kerala]]
| {{right}} 14
| {{right}} {{formatnum:33406061}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:33406061/14round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]]
| {{right}} 57
| {{right}} {{formatnum:72626809}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:72626809/57round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]
| {{right}} 36
| {{right}} {{formatnum:112374333}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:112374333/36round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Manipur|Manipur]]
| {{right}} 16
| {{right}} {{formatnum:2570390}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:2570390/16round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Meghalaya|Meghalaya]]
| {{right}} 12
| {{right}} {{formatnum:2966889}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:2966889/12round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Mizoram|Mizoram]]
| {{right}} 11
| {{right}} {{formatnum:1097206}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:1097206/11round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Nagaland|Nagaland]]
| {{right}} 17
| {{right}} {{formatnum:1978502}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:1978502/17round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Odisha|Odisha]]
| {{right}} 30
| {{right}} {{formatnum:41974218}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:41974218/30round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| {{right}} 23
| {{right}} {{formatnum:27743338}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:27743338/23round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]
| {{right}} 41
| {{right}} {{formatnum:68548437}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:68548437/41round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Sikkim|Sikkim]]
| {{right}} 6
| {{right}} {{formatnum:610577}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:610577/6round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]
| {{right}} 38
| {{right}} {{formatnum:72147030}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:72147030/38round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Telangana|Telangana]]
| {{right}} 33
| {{right}} {{formatnum:35003674}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:35003674/33round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Tripura|Tripura]]
| {{right}} 8
| {{right}} {{formatnum:3673917}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:3673917/8round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
| {{right}} 76
| {{right}} {{formatnum:199812341}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:199812341/76round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]
| {{right}} 13
| {{right}} {{formatnum:10086292}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:10086292/13round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of West Bengal|West Bengal]]
| {{right}} 30
| {{right}} {{formatnum:91276115}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:91276115/30round0}}}}
|-class="sorttop static-row-header"
! colspan="9" align="center" | '''''Union Territory'''''
|-
| [[List of districts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
| {{right}} 3
| {{right}} {{formatnum:380581}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:380581/3round0}}}}
|-
| [[Chandigarh district|Chandigarh]]
| {{right}} 1
| {{right}} {{formatnum:1055450}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:1055450/1round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Dadra Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu]]
| {{right}} 3
| {{right}} {{formatnum:586956}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:586956/3round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| {{right}} 20
| {{right}} {{formatnum:12258093}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:12258093/20round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Ladakh|Ladakh]]
| {{right}} 7
| {{right}} {{formatnum:290492}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:290492/7round0}}}}
|-
| [[Lakshadweep district|Lakshadweep]]
| {{right}} 1
| {{right}} {{formatnum:64473}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:64473/1round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Delhi|Delhi]]
| {{right}} 13
| {{right}} {{formatnum:16787941}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:16787941/13round0}}}}
|-
| [[List of districts of Puducherry|Puducherry]]
| {{right}} 4
| {{right}} {{formatnum:1247953}}
| {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:1247953/4round0}}}}
|-
! Total !!800
! {{right}} {{formatnum:1210576856}}
! {{right}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:1210576856/780round0}}}}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Largest and Smallest Districts in India
!
!Largest District
!Smallest District
|-
|'''By Land Area'''
|[[Kutch district]]
|[[Mahe district]]
|-
|'''By Population'''
|[[North 24 Parganas district]]
|[[Dibang Valley district]]
|}

== Naming ==
The majority of districts in India take their names from the district headquarters (the principal town or administrative centre).<ref>{{cite web |title=State/UT-wise list of Districts |url=https://igod.gov.in/sg/district/states |publisher=India Government |accessdate=1 October 2025}}</ref>

Not all districts are named after towns. Some districts are named for prominent geographical features (for example, river names), historical regions, or notable persons associated with the area. For example, Krishna district is named for the Krishna River that flows through the region, while Mahabubnagar (Palamoor) takes its name from the town of Mahabubnagar, itself named after Mir Mahabub Ali Khan.<ref>{{cite web |title=About District – Krishna District |url=https://krishna.ap.gov.in/about_district/history/ |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |accessdate=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About District – Mahabubnagar |url=https://mahabubnagar.telangana.gov.in/about-district/ |publisher=Government of Telangana |accessdate=1 October 2025}}</ref>

Some districts have historically used two forms of names — a traditional or historical name and a name based on the modern administrative headquarters — and in many official usages the word "district" is appended to the name (for example, "Sonipat district") to distinguish the administrative unit from the town of the same name.<ref>{{cite web |title=British Time Tehsil – Sonipat |url=https://sonipat.gov.in/tourist-place/british-time-tehsil/ |publisher=Sonipat district official website |accessdate=1 October 2025}}</ref>

The reasons for district names and for changes to them can be administrative, political, cultural, or commemorative; new districts created during reorganisations are often named for their headquarters or for local landmarks, and the choice of name is normally made by the state government that creates the district.<ref>{{cite web |title=Drawing lines, searching for a rationale in district creation in India |url=https://thewire.in/government/drawing-lines-searching-for-a-rationale-in-district-creation-in-india |publisher=The Wire |date=30 August 2024 |accessdate=1 October 2025}}</ref>
== Similar names ==
===Districts sharing their name with another district in India===
*[[Aurangabad district, Bihar]] and [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra]]
*[[Balrampur district, Chhattisgarh]] and [[Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh]] and [[Bijapur district, Karnataka]]{{efn|on 1 November 2014 the name was changed to Vijayapura}}
*[[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh]] and [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh]]
*[[Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Hamirpur district, Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Pratapgarh district, Rajasthan]] and [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Raigarh district|Raigarh district, Chhattisgarh]] and [[Raigad district|Raigad district, Maharashtra]]

===Districts sharing their name with a district in a neighbouring country in South Asia===
*[[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur district, Bihar]] shares a name with ''[[Bhojpur District, Nepal]]''
*[[Daman district, India|Daman district, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] shares a name with ''[[Daman District, Afghanistan]]''
*[[Dang district, India|Dang district, Gujarat]] shares a name with ''[[Dang District, Nepal]]''
*[[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh]] shares a name with ''[[Ghaziabad District, Kunar|Ghaziabad District, Afghanistan]]''
*[[Gopalganj district, India|Gopalganj district, Bihar]] shares a name with ''[[Gopalganj District, Bangladesh]]''
*[[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad district, Telangana]] shares a name with ''[[Hyderabad District, Sindh|Hyderabad District, Pakistan]]''
*[[Lalitpur district, India|Lalitpur district, Uttar Pradesh]] shares a name with ''[[Lalitpur District, Nepal]]''
*[[Poonch district, India|Poonch district, Jammu and Kashmir]], shares a name with ''[[Poonch District, Pakistan]]'' (the two were, prior to [[Partition of India|Partition]], one district – which got split by the [[Line of Control]], since then the two parts have been administered separately)

===Districts sharing names with those outside of South Asia entirely===
*[[Dhar district, India|Dhar district, Madhya Pradesh]], with ''[[Dhar District, Yemen]]''
*[[Banda district, India|Banda district, Uttar Pradesh]] with ''[[Banda District (Republic of the Congo)|Banda District, Republic of the Congo]]'' and ''[[Banda District (Ghana)|Banda District, Ghana]]''
*[[Mansa district, India|Mansa district, Punjab]], with ''[[Mansa District, Zambia]]''.
*[[Salem district|Salem district, Tamil Nadu]] with [[Salem, Massachusetts]], United States, [[Salem, Brebes|Salem]], [[Brebes Regency]], [[Indonesia]], [[Salem, Oregon|Salem]], [[Oregon]], United States
*[[Indore district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] with [[Indore, West Virginia]]

== States ==
The following tables list the population details of various states. The columns include the [[hierarchical administrative subdivision codes]],<ref name="distcodes">{{cite web |date=12 February 2018 |title=NIC Policy on format of e-mail Address: Appendix (2): Districts Abbreviations as per ISO 3166–2 |url=https://eforms.nic.in/docs/assets/download/NIC_Policy_on_format_of_e-mail_Address.pdf |access-date=10 May 2021 |publisher=[[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Ministry Of Communications and Information Technology]], Government of India |pages=5–10 }}</ref> the district name, district headquarters, 2011 census population,<ref name="censusdist2011">{{cite web |title=Indian Districts by Population, Growth Rate, Sex Ratio 2011 Census |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php |access-date=27 December 2012 |publisher=[[2011 census of India]]}}</ref> area in square kilometres, and the population density per square kilometre.<ref name="censusdist2011" />

=== Andhra Pradesh (AP) ===
{{See also|Districts of Andhra Pradesh}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2021)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
|1
|AS
|[[Alluri Sitharama Raju district|Alluri Sitharama Raju]]
|[[Paderu]]
|{{right}} 954,000
|{{right}} 12,251
|{{right}} 77.87
|-
|2
|AK
|[[Anakapalli district|Anakapalli]]
|[[Anakapalle|Anakapalli]]
|{{right}} 1,727,000
|{{right}} 4,292
|{{right}} 402.38
|-
| 3 || AN || [[Anantapur district|Ananthapuramu]]|| [[Anantapur|Ananthapuramu]]|| {{right}} 2,241,100|| {{right}} 10,205|| {{right}} 219.608
|-
|4
|AM
|[[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]
|[[Madanapalle]]
|{{right}} 1,697,300
|{{right}} 7,954
|{{right}} 213.389
|-
|5
|BP
|[[Bapatla district|Bapatla]]
|[[Bapatla]]
|{{right}} 1,587,000
|{{right}} 3,829
|{{right}} 414.47
|-
| 6 || CH || [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]|| [[Chittoor]] || {{right}} 1,873,000|| {{right}} 6,855|| {{right}} 273.23
|-
|7
|KN
|[[Konaseema district|Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Konaseema]]
|[[Amalapuram]]
|{{right}} 1,719,100
|{{right}} 2,083
|{{right}} 825.30
|-
| 8 || EG || [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]|| [[Rajahmundry|Rajamahendravaram]]|| {{right}} 1,832,300|| {{right}} 2,561|| {{right}} 715.46
|-
|9
|EL
|[[Eluru district|Eluru]]
|[[Eluru]]
|{{right}} 2,071,700
|{{right}} 6,679
|{{right}} 310.181
|-
| 10 || GU || [[Guntur district|Guntur]]|| [[Guntur]]|| {{right}} 2,091,000|| {{right}} 2,443|| {{right}} 855.9
|-
|11
|KK
|[[Kakinada district|Kakinada]]
|[[Kakinada]]
|{{right}} 2,092,300
|{{right}} 3,019
|{{right}} 693.04
|-
| 12 || KR || [[Krishna district|Krishna]]|| [[Machilipatnam]]|| {{right}} 1,735,000|| {{right}} 3,775|| {{right}} 459.602
|-
| 13 || KU || [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]|| [[Kurnool]]|| {{right}} 2,271,700|| {{right}} 7,980|| {{right}} 284.67
|-
|14
|NN
|[[Nandyal district|Nandyal]]
|[[Nandyal]]
|{{right}} 1,781,800
|{{right}} 9,682
|{{right}} 184.032
|-
| 15 || NE || [[Nellore district|Nellore]]|| [[Nellore]] || {{right}} 2,469,700|| {{right}} 10,441|| {{right}} 236
|-
|16
|NT
|[[NTR district|NTR]]
|[[Vijayawada]]
|{{right}} 2,218,000
|{{right}} 3,316
|{{right}} 668.88
|-
|17
|PL
|[[Palnadu district|Palnadu]]
|[[Narasaraopet]]
|{{right}} 2,042,000
|{{right}} 7,298
|{{right}} 279.80
|-
|18
|PM
|[[Parvathipuram Manyam district|Parvathipuram Manyam]]
|[[Parvathipuram, Andhra Pradesh|Parvathipuram]]
|{{right}} 925,300
|{{right}} 3,659
|{{right}} 252.88
|-
| 19 || PR || [[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]|| [[Ongole]]|| {{right}} 2,288,000|| {{right}} 14,322|| {{right}} 160
|-
| 20 || SR || [[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]]|| [[Srikakulam]]|| {{right}} 2,191,471|| {{right}} 4,591|| {{right}} 477.34
|-
|21
|SS
|[[Sri Sathya Sai district|Sri Sathya Sai]]
|[[Puttaparthi]]
|{{right}} 1,840,000
|{{right}} 8,925
|{{right}} 206.2
|-
|22
|TR
|[[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
|[[Tirupati]]
|{{right}} 2,197,000
|{{right}} 8,231
|{{right}} 241.72
|-
| 23 || VS || [[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]|| [[Visakhapatnam]]|| {{right}} 1,959,500|| {{right}} 1,048|| {{right}} 1869.8
|-
| 24 || VZ || [[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]|| [[Vizianagaram]]|| {{right}} 1,930,800|| {{right}} 4,122|| {{right}} 468.41
|-
| 25 || WG || [[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]|| [[Bhimavaram]]|| {{right}} 1,780,000|| {{right}} 2,178|| {{right}} 817.3
|-
| 26 || CU || [[Kadapa district|YSR Kadapa]]|| [[Kadapa]]|| {{right}} 2,060,700|| {{right}} 11,228|| {{right}} 183.532
|-
|27 || – ||[[Polavaram district|Polavaram]] ||[[Rampachodavaram]] || || ||
|-
|28 || – ||[[Markapuram district|Markapuram]] ||[[Markapuram]] || || ||
|}

=== Arunachal Pradesh (AR) ===
{{See also|Districts of Arunachal Pradesh}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || AJ|| [[Anjaw district|Anjaw]]|| [[Hawai, India|Hawai]]|| {{right}} 21,089|| {{right}} 6,190|| {{right}} 3
|-
| 2 || CH|| [[Changlang district|Changlang]]|| [[Changlang]]|| {{right}} 147,951|| {{right}} 4,662|| {{right}} 32
|-
| 3 || EK|| [[East Kameng district|East Kameng]]|| [[Seppa]]|| {{right}} 78,413|| {{right}} 4,134|| {{right}} 19
|-
| 4 || ES|| [[East Siang district|East Siang]]|| [[Pasighat]]|| {{right}} 99,019|| {{right}} 3,603|| {{right}} 27
|-
| 5 || {{dash}}{{Efn|[[Kamle district]] was created in 2017 after bifurcation from [[Lower Subansiri district]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/arunachal-assembly-approves-kamle-as-23rd-district-1067276-2017-10-19 | title=Arunachal Assembly approves Kamle as 23rd district | publisher=India Today | date=19 October 2017 | access-date=10 April 2019}}</ref>}} || [[Kamle district|Kamle]]|| [[Raga, Arunachal Pradesh|Raga]] || {{right}} 22,256 || {{right}} 200 || {{right}} 111
|-
| 6 || {{dash}}{{Efn|[[Kra Daadi district]] was created in 2015 after bifurcation from [[Kurung Kumey district]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/kra-daadi-new-arunachal-district-inaugurated/ | title=Kra Daadi, New Arunachal District Inaugurated | work=Northeast Today | publisher=North East Today | date=9 February 2015 | access-date=10 April 2019}}</ref>}} ||[[Kra Daadi district|Kra Daadi]]|| [[Palin, Arunachal Pradesh|Palin]]|| {{right}} 22,290 || {{right}} 2202|| {{right}} 10
|-
| 7 || KK|| [[Kurung Kumey district|Kurung Kumey]]|| [[Koloriang]]|| {{right}} 89,717|| {{right}} 6,040|| {{right}} 15
|-
| 8 || {{dash}}{{Efn|[[Lepa Rada district]] was created in 2018 after bifurcation from [[Lower Siang district]].<ref name="3states">{{cite web | url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/for-creation-of-3-new-districts-pakke-kesang-lepa-rada-shi-yomi-arunachal-pradesh-assembly-passes-bi-1908352 | title=Arunachal Assembly Passes Bill For Creation Of 3 New Districts | publisher=NDTV | date=30 August 2018 | access-date=10 April 2019}}</ref>}} ||[[Lepa Rada district|Lepa Rada]] ||[[Basar, Arunachal Pradesh|Basar]] ||{{right}}{{dash}} ||{{right}}{{dash}}||{{right}}{{dash}}
|-
| 9 || EL|| [[Lohit district|Lohit]]|| [[Tezu]]|| {{right}} 145,538|| {{right}} 2,402|| {{right}} 61
|-
| 10 || LD|| [[Longding district|Longding]]|| [[Longding]]|| {{right}} 60,000 || {{right}} 1,200|| {{right}} 50
|-
| 11 || DV|| [[Lower Dibang Valley district|Lower Dibang Valley]]|| [[Roing]]|| {{right}} 53,986|| {{right}} 3,900|| {{right}} 14
|-
| 12 || {{dash}}{{Efn|[[Lower Siang district]] was created in 2017 after bifurcation from [[West Siang district|West Siang]] & [[East Siang district]].{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}}} ||[[Lower Siang district|Lower Siang]] || [[Likabali]] || {{right}} 22,630 || {{right}}{{dash}}|| {{right}}{{dash}}
|-
| 13 || LB|| [[Lower Subansiri district|Lower Subansiri]]|| [[Ziro]]|| {{right}} 82,839|| {{right}} 3,508|| {{right}} 24
|-
| 14 || {{dash}}{{Efn|[[Namsai district]] was created in 2014.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}}} ||[[Namsai district|Namsai]]|| [[Namsai, Arunachal Pradesh|Namsai]]|| {{right}} 95,950 || {{right}} 1,587|| {{right}} 60
|-
| 15 || {{dash}}{{Efn|[[Pakke-Kessang district]] was created in 2018 after bifurcation from [[East Kameng district]].<ref name="3states" />}} ||[[Pakke-Kessang district|Pakke-Kessang]] || [[Lemmi]] ||{{right}} 15,358 ||{{right}}1,932||{{right}} 7.9
|-
| 16 || PA|| [[Papum Pare district|Papum Pare]]|| [[Yupia]]|| {{right}} 176,385|| {{right}} 2,875|| {{right}} 61
|-
| 17 || {{dash}}{{Efn|[[Shi Yomi district]] was created in 2018 after bifurcation from [[West Siang district]].<ref name="3states" />}} || [[Shi Yomi district|Shi Yomi]] || [[Tato, Arunachal Pradesh|Tato]]||{{right}}13,310 ||{{right}} 2,875||{{right}} 5
|-
| 18 || {{dash}}{{Efn|[[Siang district]] was created in 2015.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}}} ||[[Siang district|Siang]]||[[Boleng]]|| {{right}} 31,920 || {{right}} 2,919 || {{right}} 11
|-
| 19 || TA|| [[Tawang district|Tawang]]|| [[Tawang]]|| {{right}} 49,950|| {{right}} 2,085|| {{right}} 24
|-
| 20 || TI|| [[Tirap district|Tirap]]|| [[Khonsa]]|| {{right}} 111,997|| {{right}} 2,362|| {{right}} 47
|-
| 21 || UD|| [[Upper Dibang Valley district|Upper Dibang Valley]]|| [[Anini]]|| {{right}} 8,004|| {{right}} 9,129|| {{right}} 1
|-
| 22 || US|| [[Upper Siang district|Upper Siang]]|| [[Yingkiong]]|| {{right}} 35,289 || {{right}} 6,188 || {{right}} 6
|-
| 23 || UB|| [[Upper Subansiri district|Upper Subansiri]]|| [[Daporijo]]|| {{right}} 83,205|| {{right}} 7,032|| {{right}} 12
|-
| 24 || WK|| [[West Kameng district|West Kameng]]|| [[Bomdila]]|| {{right}} 87,013|| {{right}} 7,422|| {{right}} 12
|-
| 25 || WS|| [[West Siang district|West Siang]]|| [[Along, Arunachal Pradesh|Aalo]]|| {{right}} 112,272 || {{right}} 8,325 || {{right}} 13
|-
|26
|
|[[Keyi Panyor district|Keyi Panyor]]
|[[Yachuli]]
|30,000
|
|
|-
|27
|
|[[Bichom district|Bichom]]
|Napangphung
|9,710
|
|
|}
{{notelist}}

=== Assam (AS) ===
{{See also|Districts of Assam}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || BK|| [[Baksa district|Baksa]] || [[Mushalpur]]|| {{right}} 953,773|| {{right}} 2,008|| {{right}} 475
|-
| 2 || BJ|| [[Bajali district|Bajali]]|| [[Pathsala]]||{{right}} 253,816 || {{right}} 418 || {{right}} 610
|-
| 3 || BP|| [[Barpeta district|Barpeta]]|| [[Barpeta]]|| {{right}} 1,693,622 || {{right}} 3,245 || {{right}} 520
|-
| 4 || BN|| [[Biswanath district|Biswanath]]|| [[Biswanath Chariali]]|| {{right}} 612,491 || {{right}} 1415 || {{right}} 430
|-
| 5 || BO|| [[Bongaigaon district|Bongaigaon]]|| [[Bongaigaon]]|| {{right}} 732,639|| {{right}} 1,724|| {{right}} 425
|-
| 6 || CA|| [[Cachar district|Cachar]]|| [[Silchar]]|| {{right}} 1,736,319|| {{right}} 3,786|| {{right}} 459
|-
| 7 || CD{{Efn|[[Charaideo district]] was created in 2015 after bifurcation from [[Sivasagar district]].<ref name="Assam5">{{cite web | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/celebrations-tempered-with-caution/cid/1393440 | title=Celebrations tempered with caution | publisher=Telegraph India | date=16 August 2015 | access-date=11 April 2019 | author=Karmakar, Sumir}}</ref>}}|| [[Charaideo district|Charaideo]] || [[Sonari]] || {{right}} 471,418 || {{right}} 1,069|| {{right}}440
|-
| 8 || CH|| [[Chirang district|Chirang]] || [[Kajalgaon]]|| {{right}} 481,818|| {{right}} 1,975|| {{right}} 244
|-
| 9 || DR|| [[Darrang district|Darrang]]|| [[Mangaldoi]]|| {{right}} 908,090|| {{right}} 1,849|| {{right}} 491
|-
| 10 || DM|| [[Dhemaji district|Dhemaji]]|| [[Dhemaji]]|| {{right}} 688,077|| {{right}} 3,237|| {{right}} 213
|-
| 11 || DU|| [[Dhubri district|Dhubri]]|| [[Dhubri]]|| {{right}} 1,948,632|| {{right}} 2,838|| {{right}} 687
|-
| 12 || DI|| [[Dibrugarh district|Dibrugarh]]|| [[Dibrugarh]]|| {{right}} 1,327,748|| {{right}} 3,381|| {{right}} 393
|-
| 13 || NC|| [[Dima Hasao district|Dima Hasao]]|| [[Haflong]]|| {{right}} 213,529|| {{right}} 4,888|| {{right}} 44
|-
| 14 || GP|| [[Goalpara district|Goalpara]]|| [[Goalpara]]|| {{right}} 1,008,959|| {{right}} 1,824|| {{right}} 553
|-
| 15 || GG|| [[Golaghat district|Golaghat]]|| [[Golaghat]]|| {{right}} 1,058,674|| {{right}} 3,502|| {{right}} 302
|-
| 16 || HA|| [[Hailakandi district|Hailakandi]]|| [[Hailakandi]]|| {{right}} 659,260|| {{right}} 1,327|| {{right}} 497
|-
| 17 || HJ|| [[Hojai district|Hojai]]|| [[Sankardev Nagar]]|| {{right}} 931,218|| {{right}} 1686 || {{right}} 550
|-
| 18 || JO|| [[Jorhat district|Jorhat]]|| [[Jorhat]]|| {{right}} 1,091,295|| {{right}} 2,851|| {{right}} 383
|-
| 19 || KU|| [[Kamrup district|Kamrup]]|| [[Amingaon]]|| {{right}} 1,517,202|| {{right}} 3,480|| {{right}} 436
|-
| 20 || KM|| [[Kamrup Metropolitan district|Kamrup Metropolitan]]|| [[Guwahati]]|| {{right}} 1,260,419|| {{right}} 627|| {{right}} 2,010
|-
| 21 || KG|| [[Karbi Anglong district|Karbi Anglong]]|| [[Diphu]]|| {{right}} 965,280|| {{right}} 10,434|| {{right}} 93
|-
| 22 || KR|| [[Karimganj district|Karimganj]]|| [[Karimganj]]|| {{right}} 1,217,002|| {{right}} 1,809|| {{right}} 673
|-
| 23 || KJ|| [[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]] || [[Kokrajhar]]|| {{right}} 886,999|| {{right}} 3,129|| {{right}} 283
|-
| 24 || LA|| [[Lakhimpur district|Lakhimpur]]|| [[North Lakhimpur]]|| {{right}} 1,040,644|| {{right}} 2,277|| {{right}} 457
|-
| 25 || MJ{{Efn|[[Majuli district]] was created in 2016 after bifurcation from [[Jorhat district]].<ref>{{cite news|title=World's largest river island, Majuli, becomes India's first island district|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/worlds-largest-river-island-majuli-becomes-indias-first-island-district-2995952.html|access-date=13 September 2016|agency=FP India|date=8 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-majuli-to-become-india-s-first-river-island-district/story-hzFoxSUxh3IpRpSeIqrhtM.html | title=Assam: Majuli to become India's first river island district | publisher=Hindustan Times | date=27 June 2016 | access-date=11 April 2019}}</ref>}}|| [[Majuli district|Majuli]] || [[Garamur]] || {{right}} 167,304|| {{right}} 880 || {{right}} 300
|-
| 26 || MA|| [[Morigaon district|Morigaon]]|| [[Marigaon]]|| {{right}} 957,853|| {{right}} 1,704|| {{right}} 562
|-
| 27 || NN|| [[Nagaon district|Nagaon]]|| [[Nagaon]]|| {{right}} 2,826,006|| {{right}} 3,831|| {{right}} 738
|-
| 28 || NB|| [[Nalbari district|Nalbari]]|| [[Nalbari]]|| {{right}} 769,919|| {{right}} 1,009|| {{right}} 763
|-
| 29 || ST|| [[Sivasagar district|Sivasagar]]|| [[Sibsagar]]|| {{right}} 1,150,253|| {{right}} 2,668|| {{right}} 431
|-
| 30 || SO|| [[Sonitpur district|Sonitpur]]|| [[Tezpur]]|| {{right}} 1,925,975|| {{right}} 5,324|| {{right}} 362
|-
| 31 || SM{{Efn|[[South Salmara district]] was created in 2015 after bifurcation from [[Dhubri district]].<ref name="Assam5" />}}|| [[South Salmara district|South Salmara-Mankachar]] || [[Hatsingimari]] || {{right}} 555,114 || {{right}}568 || {{right}}980
|-
| 32|| TP|| [[Tamulpur district|Tamulpur]]|| [[Tamulpur]]|| {{right}} 389,150 || {{right}} 884 || {{right}} 440
|-
| 33 || TI|| [[Tinsukia district|Tinsukia]]|| [[Tinsukia]]|| {{right}} 1,316,948|| {{right}} 3,790|| {{right}} 347
|-
| 34 || UD|| [[Udalguri district|Udalguri]]|| [[Udalguri]]|| {{right}} 832,769|| {{right}} 1,676|| {{right}} 497
|-
| 35 || WK{{Efn|[[West Karbi Anglong district]] was created in 2015 after bifurcation from [[Karbi Anglong district]].<ref name="Assam5" />}}|| [[West Karbi Anglong district|West Karbi Anglong]] || [[Hamren]] || {{right}} 300,320 || {{right}}3,035|| {{right}}99
|}
{{notelist}}

=== Bihar (BR) ===
{{See also|Districts of Bihar}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || AR|| [[Araria district|Araria]]|| [[Araria]]|| {{right}} 2,806,200|| {{right}} 2,829|| {{right}} 992
|-
| 2 || AW|| [[Arwal district|Arwal]]|| [[Arwal]]|| {{right}} 700,843|| {{right}} 638|| {{right}} 1,098
|-
| 3 || AU|| [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad]]|| [[Aurangabad, Bihar|Aurangabad]]|| {{right}} 2,511,243|| {{right}} 3,303|| {{right}} 760
|-
| 4 || BA|| [[Banka district|Banka]]|| [[Banka, Bihar|Banka]]|| {{right}} 2,029,339|| {{right}} 3,018|| {{right}} 672
|-
| 5 || BE|| [[Begusarai district|Begusarai]]|| [[Begusarai]]|| {{right}} 2,954,367|| {{right}} 1,917|| {{right}} 1,540
|-
| 6 || BG|| [[Bhagalpur district|Bhagalpur]]|| [[Bhagalpur]]|| {{right}} 3,032,226|| {{right}} 2,569|| {{right}} 1,180
|-
| 7 || BJ||[[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur]]|| [[Arrah]]|| {{right}} 2,720,155|| {{right}} 2,473|| {{right}} 1,136
|-
| 8 || BU|| [[Buxar district|Buxar]]|| [[Buxar]]|| {{right}} 1,707,643|| {{right}} 1,624|| {{right}} 1,003
|-
| 9 || DA|| [[Darbhanga district|Darbhanga]]|| [[Darbhanga]]|| {{right}} 3,921,971|| {{right}} 2,278|| {{right}} 1,721
|-
| 10 || EC|| [[East Champaran district|East Champaran]]|| [[Motihari]]|| {{right}} 5,082,868|| {{right}} 3,969|| {{right}} 1,281
|-
| 11 || GA|| [[Gaya district|Gaya]]|| [[Gaya, India|Gaya]]|| {{right}} 4,379,383|| {{right}} 4,978|| {{right}} 880
|-
| 12 || GO|| [[Gopalganj district, India|Gopalganj]]|| [[Gopalganj (Bihar)|Gopalganj]]|| {{right}} 2,558,037|| {{right}} 2,033|| {{right}} 1,258
|-
| 13 || JA|| [[Jamui district|Jamui]]|| [[Jamui]]|| {{right}} 1,756,078|| {{right}} 3,099|| {{right}} 567
|-
| 14 || JE|| [[Jehanabad district|Jehanabad]]|| [[Jehanabad]]|| {{right}} 1,124,176|| {{right}} 1,569|| {{right}} 1,206
|-
| 15 || KM|| [[Kaimur district|Kaimur]]|| [[Bhabua]]|| {{right}} 1,626,900|| {{right}} 3,363|| {{right}} 488
|-
| 16 || KT|| [[Katihar district|Katihar]]|| [[Katihar]]|| {{right}} 3,068,149|| {{right}} 3,056|| {{right}} 1,004
|-
| 17 || KH|| [[Khagaria district|Khagaria]]|| [[Khagaria]]|| {{right}} 1,657,599|| {{right}} 1,486|| {{right}} 1,115
|-
| 18 || KI|| [[Kishanganj district|Kishanganj]]|| [[Kishanganj]]|| {{right}} 1,690,948|| {{right}} 1,884|| {{right}} 898
|-
| 19 || LA|| [[Lakhisarai district|Lakhisarai]]|| [[Lakhisarai]]|| {{right}} 1,000,717|| {{right}} 1,229|| {{right}} 815
|-
| 20 || MP|| [[Madhepura district|Madhepura]]|| [[Madhepura]]|| {{right}} 1,994,618|| {{right}} 1,787|| {{right}} 1,116
|-
| 21 || MB|| [[Madhubani district|Madhubani]]|| [[Madhubani, India|Madhubani]]|| {{right}} 4,476,044|| {{right}} 3,501|| {{right}} 1,279
|-
| 22 || MG|| [[Munger district|Munger]]|| [[Munger]]|| {{right}} 1,359,054|| {{right}} 1,419|| {{right}} 958
|-
| 23 || MZ|| [[Muzaffarpur district|Muzaffarpur]]|| [[Muzaffarpur]]|| {{right}} 4,778,610|| {{right}} 3,173|| {{right}} 1,506
|-
| 24 || NL|| [[Nalanda district|Nalanda]]|| [[Bihar Sharif]]|| {{right}} 2,872,523|| {{right}} 2,354|| {{right}} 1,220
|-
| 25 || NW|| [[Nawada district|Nawada]]|| [[Nawada]]|| {{right}} 2,216,653|| {{right}} 2,492|| {{right}} 889
|-
| 26 || PA|| [[Patna district|Patna]]|| [[Patna]]|| {{right}} 5,772,804|| {{right}} 3,202|| {{right}} 1,803
|-
| 27 || PU|| [[Purnia district|Purnia]]|| [[Purnia]]|| {{right}} 3,273,127|| {{right}} 3,228|| {{right}} 1,014
|-
| 28 || RO|| [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]]|| [[Sasaram]]|| {{right}} 2,962,593|| {{right}} 3,850|| {{right}} 763
|-
| 29 || SH|| [[Saharsa district|Saharsa]]|| [[Saharsa]]|| {{right}} 1,897,102|| {{right}} 1,702|| {{right}} 1,125
|-
| 30 || SM|| [[Samastipur district|Samastipur]]|| [[Samastipur]]|| {{right}} 4,254,782|| {{right}} 2,905|| {{right}} 1,465
|-
| 31 || SR|| [[Saran district|Saran]]|| [[Chhapra]]|| {{right}} 3,943,098|| {{right}} 2,641|| {{right}} 1,493
|-
| 32 || SP|| [[Sheikhpura district|Sheikhpura]]|| [[Sheikhpura]]|| {{right}} 634,927|| {{right}} 689|| {{right}} 922
|-
| 33 || SO|| [[Sheohar district|Sheohar]]|| [[Sheohar]]|| {{right}} 656,916|| {{right}} 443|| {{right}} 1,882
|-
| 34 || ST|| [[Sitamarhi district|Sitamarhi]]|| [[Sitamarhi]]|| {{right}} 3,419,622|| {{right}} 2,199|| {{right}} 1,491
|-
| 35 || SW|| [[Siwan district|Siwan]]|| [[Siwan, Bihar|Siwan]]|| {{right}} 3,318,176|| {{right}} 2,219|| {{right}} 1,495
|-
| 36 || SU|| [[Supaul district|Supaul]]|| [[Supaul]]|| {{right}} 2,228,397|| {{right}} 2,410|| {{right}} 919
|-
| 37 || VA|| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]]|| [[Hajipur]]|| {{right}} 3,495,021|| {{right}} 2,036|| {{right}} 1,717
|-
| 38 || WC|| [[West Champaran district|West Champaran]]|| [[Bettiah]]|| {{right}}3,935,042|| {{right}} 5,229|| {{right}} 753
|}

=== Chhattisgarh (CG) ===
{{See also|Districts of Chhattisgarh}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || {{dash}}{{efn|Balod district was created in 2012 after trifurcation of [[Durg district]].}}||[[Balod district|Balod]]|| [[Balod]]|| {{right}} 826,165|| {{right}} 3,527|| {{right}} 234
|-
| 2 || {{dash}}{{efn|Baloda Bazar district was created in 2012 after trifurcation of [[Raipur district]].}}||[[Baloda Bazar district|Baloda Bazar]]|| [[Baloda Bazar]]|| {{right}} 1,305,343|| {{right}} 4,748|| {{right}} 275
|-
| 3 || {{dash}}{{efn|Balrampur district was created in 2012 after trifurcation of [[Surguja district]].}}||[[Balrampur district, Chhattisgarh|Balrampur-Ramanujganj]]|| [[Balrampur, Chhattisgarh|Balrampur]] || {{right}} 730,491|| {{right}} 3,806|| {{right}} 190
|-
| 4 || BA|| [[Bastar district|Bastar]]|| [[Jagdalpur]]|| {{right}} 834,873|| {{right}} 4,030|| {{right}} 210
|-
| 5 || {{dash}}{{efn|Bemetara district was created in 2012 after the trifurcation of Durg district.}}||[[Bemetara district|Bemetara]]|| [[Bemetara]]|| {{right}} 795,759|| {{right}} 2,855|| {{right}} 270
|-
| 6 || BJ|| [[Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh|Bijapur]]|| [[Bijapur, Chhattisgarh|Bijapur]]|| {{right}} 229,832|| {{right}} 6,562|| {{right}} 35
|-
| 7 || BI|| [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]|| [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]|| {{right}} 1,961,922|| {{right}} 3,508|| {{right}} 460
|-
| 8 || DA|| [[Dantewada district|Dantewada]]|| [[Dantewada]]|| {{right}} 533,638|| {{right}} 3,411|| {{right}} 59
|-
| 9 || DH|| [[Dhamtari district|Dhamtari]]|| [[Dhamtari]]|| {{right}} 799,199|| {{right}} 2,029|| {{right}} 394
|-
| 10 || DU|| [[Durg district|Durg]]|| [[Durg]]|| {{right}} 1,721,726|| {{right}} 2,238|| {{right}} 770
|-
| 11 || {{dash}}{{efn|Gariaband district was created in 2012 after trifurcation of [[Raipur district]].}}||[[Gariaband district|Gariaband]]|| [[Gariaband]]|| {{right}} 597,653|| {{right}} 5,823|| {{right}} 103
|-
| 12 ||{{dash}}{{efn|Gaurella-Pendra-Marwahi district was created in 2020 after bifurcation of [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur district]].}}||[[Gaurella-Pendra-Marwahi district|Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi]]|| [[Gaurella|Gaurela]]|| {{right}} 336,420|| {{right}} 2,307|| {{right}} 150
|-
| 13 || JC|| [[Janjgir–Champa district|Janjgir-Champa]]|| [[Janjgir]]|| {{right}} 1,620,632|| {{right}} 3,848|| {{right}} 421
|-
| 14 || JA|| [[Jashpur district|Jashpur]]|| [[Jashpur Nagar]]|| {{right}} 852,043|| {{right}} 5,825|| {{right}} 146
|-
| 15 || KW|| [[Kabirdham district|Kabirdham]] ||[[Kawardha]]|| {{right}} 584,667|| {{right}} 4,237|| {{right}} 195
|-
| 16 || KK|| [[Kanker district|Kanker]]|| [[Kanker, Chhattisgarh|Kanker]]|| {{right}} 748,593|| {{right}} 6,513|| {{right}} 115
|-
| 17 || {{dash}}{{efn|Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai district was announced on 16 April 2022.}}|| [[Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai district|Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai]] || [[Khairagarh]] || {{right}} 368,444|| {{right}} -|| {{right}}
|-
| 18 || {{dash}}{{efn|Kondagaon district was created in 2012 after bifurcation of [[Bastar district]].}}||[[Kondagaon district|Kondagaon]]|| [[Kondagaon]]||{{right}} 578,326|| {{right}} 7,768|| {{right}} 74
|-
| 19 || KB|| [[Korba district|Korba]]|| [[Korba, Chhattisgarh|Korba]]|| {{right}} 1,206,563|| {{right}} 6,615|| {{right}} 183
|-
| 20 || KJ|| [[Koriya district|Korea]]|| [[Baikunthpur, Koriya|Baikunthpur]]|| {{right}} 659,039|| {{right}} 6,578|| {{right}} 100
|-
| 21 || MA|| [[Mahasamund district|Mahasamund]]|| [[Mahasamund]]|| {{right}} 1,032,275|| {{right}} 4,779|| {{right}} 216
|-
| 22 || MG{{efn|name=fn1|Manendragarh-Chirmiri-Bharatpur, Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh Chowki, Shakti, and Sarangarh-Bilaigarh districts were announced on 15 August 2021.}}|| [[Manendragarh-Chirmiri-Bharatpur district|Manendragarh-Chirmiri-Bharatpur]] || [[Manendragarh]]|| {{right}} 422,248|| {{right}} 1,726.39|| {{right}}
|-
| 23 || MM{{efn|name=fn1}}|| [[Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh Chowki district|Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh Chowki]]|| [[Mohla]] || {{right}} 283,947|| {{right}} -|| {{right}}
|-
| 24 || {{dash}}{{efn|Mungeli district was created in 2012 after bifurcation of [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur district]].}}||[[Mungeli district|Mungeli]]|| [[Mungeli]]|| {{right}} 701,707|| {{right}} 2,750|| {{right}} 255
|-
| 25 || NR|| [[Narayanpur district|Narayanpur]]|| [[Narayanpur town|Narayanpur]]|| {{right}} 140,206|| {{right}} 6,640|| {{right}} 20
|-
| 26 || RG|| [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]]|| [[Raigarh]]|| {{right}} 1,493,627|| {{right}} 7,068|| {{right}} 211
|-
| 27 || RP|| [[Raipur district|Raipur]]|| [[Raipur, Chhattisgarh|Raipur]]|| {{right}} 2,160,876|| {{right}} 2,892|| {{right}} 750
|-
| 28 || RN|| [[Rajnandgaon district|Rajnandgaon]]|| [[Rajnandgaon]]|| {{right}} 1,537,520|| {{right}} 8,062|| {{right}} 191
|-
| 29 || SB{{efn|name=fn1}}|| [[Sarangarh-Bilaigarh district|Sarangarh-Bilaigarh]] || [[Sarangarh]] || {{right}} 607,434|| {{right}} -|| {{right}}
|-
| 30 || ST{{efn|name=fn1}}|| [[Sakti district|Sakti]] || [[Sakti, Chhattisgarh|Sakti]] || {{right}} 653,036|| {{right}} -|| {{right}}
|-
| 31 || SK{{Efn|Sukma district was created in 2012 after bifurcation of [[Dantewada district]].}}|| [[Sukma district|Sukma]]|| [[Sukma]]|| {{right}}250,159|| {{right}} 5,897 || {{right}} 42
|-
| 32 || {{dash}}{{efn|Surajpur district was created in 2012 after trifurcation of [[Surguja district]].}}|| [[Surajpur district|Surajpur]]|| [[Surajpur, Chhattisgarh|Surajpur]] || {{right}} 789,043|| {{right}} 2,787|| {{right}} 280
|-
| 33 || SJ|| [[Surguja district|Surguja]]|| [[Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh|Ambikapur]] || {{right}} 839,661|| {{right}} 3,265|| {{right}} 150
|}
{{notelist}}

=== Goa (GA) ===
{{See also|Districts of Goa}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || NG || [[North Goa]]|| [[Panaji]]|| {{right}} 817,761|| {{right}} 1,736|| {{right}} 471
|-
| 2 || SG|| [[South Goa]]|| [[Margao]]|| {{right}} 639,962|| {{right}} 1,966|| {{right}} 326
|-
|3
|–
|[[Kushavati district|Kushavati]]
|[[Quepem]]
|
|
|
|-
|}

=== Gujarat (GJ) ===
{{See also|Districts of Gujarat}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || AH || [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]] || [[Ahmedabad]] || {{right}} 7,208,200 || {{right}} 7170|| {{right}} 890
|-
| 2 || AM || [[Amreli district|Amreli]] || [[Amreli]] || {{right}} 1,513,614 || {{right}} 6,760 || {{right}} 205
|-
| 3 || AN || [[Anand district|Anand]] || [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]] || {{right}} 2,090,276 || {{right}} 2,942 || {{right}} 711
|-
| 4 || AR || [[Aravalli district|Aravalli]] || [[Modasa]] ||{{right}} 1,051,746 || {{right}} 3,217 ||{{right}} 327
|-
| 5 || BK || [[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]] || [[Palanpur]] || {{right}} 3,116,045 || {{right}} 6,176|| {{right}} 290
|-
| 6 || BR || [[Bharuch district|Bharuch]] || [[Bharuch]] || {{right}} 1,550,822 || {{right}} 6,524 || {{right}} 238
|-
| 7 || BV || [[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]] || [[Bhavnagar]] || {{right}} 2,877,961 || {{right}} 11,155 || {{right}} 288
|-
| 8 || BT|| [[Botad District|Botad]] || [[Botad]] ||{{right}} 656,005 ||{{right}}2,564 ||{{right}}256
|-
| 9 || CU|| [[Chhota Udaipur district|Chhota Udaipur]] || [[Chhota Udaipur]] ||{{right}}1,071,831 ||{{right}}3,237 ||{{right}} 331
|-
| 10 || DA || [[Dahod district|Dahod]] || [[Dahod]] || {{right}} 2,126,558 || {{right}} 3,642 || {{right}} 582
|-
| 11 || DG || [[Dang District, India|Dang]] || [[Ahwa]] || {{right}} 226,769 || {{right}} 1,764 || {{right}} 129
|-
| 12 || DD || [[Devbhoomi Dwarka district|Devbhumi Dwarka]] || [[Khambhalia]] ||{{right}}752,484 ||{{right}} 5,684||{{right}}132
|-
| 13 || GA || [[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar]] || [[Gandhinagar]] || {{right}} 1,387,478 || {{right}} 2163 || {{right}} 660
|-
| 14 || GS || [[Gir Somnath district|Gir Somnath]] || [[Veraval]] || {{right}}1,217,477 || {{right}}3,754 || {{right}} 324
|-
| 15 || JA || [[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]] || [[Jamnagar]] || {{right}} 2,159,130 || {{right}} 14,125 || {{right}} 153
|-
| 16 || JU || [[Junagadh district|Junagadh]] || [[Junagadh]] || {{right}} 2,742,291 || {{right}} 8,839 || {{right}} 310
|-
| 17 || KH || [[Kheda district|Kheda]] || [[Nadiad]] || {{right}} 2,298,934 || {{right}} 3,667 || {{right}} 541
|-
| 18 || KA || [[Kutch district|Kutch]] || [[Bhuj]] || {{right}} 2,090,313 || {{right}} 45,652 || {{right}} 46
|-
| 19 || MH || [[Mahisagar district|Mahisagar]] || [[Lunavada]] || {{right}} 994,624 || {{right}} 2,500 || {{right}} 440
|-
| 20 || MA || [[Mehsana district|Mehsana]] || [[Mehsana]] || {{right}} 2,027,727 || {{right}} 4,386 || {{right}} 462
|-
| 21 || MB || [[Morbi district|Morbi]] || [[Morbi]] ||{{right}}960,329 ||{{right}}4,871 ||{{right}}197
|-
| 22 || NR || [[Narmada district|Narmada]] || [[Rajpipla]] || {{right}} 590,379 || {{right}} 2,749 || {{right}} 214
|-
| 23 || NV || [[Navsari district|Navsari]] || [[Navsari]] || {{right}} 1,330,711 || {{right}} 2,211 || {{right}} 602
|-
| 24 || PM || [[Panchmahal district|Panchmahal]] || [[Godhra]] || {{right}} 2,388,267 || {{right}} 5,219 || {{right}} 458
|-
| 25 || PA || [[Patan district|Patan]] || [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]] || {{right}} 1,342,746 || {{right}} 5,738 || {{right}} 234
|-
| 26 || PO || [[Porbandar district|Porbandar]] || [[Porbandar]] || {{right}} 586,062 || {{right}} 2,294 || {{right}} 255
|-
| 27 || RA || [[Rajkot district|Rajkot]] || [[Rajkot]] || {{right}} 3,157,676 || {{right}} 11,203 || {{right}} 282
|-
| 28 || SK || [[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]] || [[Himatnagar]] || {{right}} 2,427,346 || {{right}} 7,390 || {{right}} 328
|-
| 29 || ST || [[Surat district|Surat]] || [[Surat]] || {{right}} 6,081,322|| {{right}} 4,418 || {{right}} 953
|-
| 30 || SN || [[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]] || [[Surendranagar city|Surendranagar]] || {{right}} 1,755,873 || {{right}} 10,489 || {{right}} 167
|-
| 31 || TA || [[Tapi district|Tapi]] || [[Vyara]] || {{right}} 806,489 || {{right}} 3,435 || {{right}} 249
|-
| 32 || VD || [[Vadodara district|Vadodara]] || [[Vadodara]] || {{right}} 3,639,775 || {{right}} 4312|| {{right}} 467
|-
| 33 || VL || [[Valsad district|Valsad]] || [[Valsad]] || {{right}} 1,703,068 || {{right}} 3,034 || {{right}} 561
|-
| 34 || – || [[Vav-Tharad district|Vav-Tharad]] || [[Tharad]] || {{right}} 1,380,870 || {{right}} 6,527 || {{right}} 220
|}

=== Haryana (HR) ===
{{See also|Districts of Haryana}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || AM|| [[Ambala district|Ambala]]|| [[Ambala]]|| {{right}} 1,136,784|| {{right}} 1,569|| {{right}} 722
|-
| 2 || BH|| [[Bhiwani district|Bhiwani]]|| [[Bhiwani]]|| {{right}} 1,629,109|| {{right}} 5,140|| {{right}} 341
|-
| 3 || CD ||[[Charkhi Dadri district|Charkhi Dadri]]|| [[Charkhi Dadri]]|| {{right}} 502,276|| {{right}} 1370 || {{right}} 367
|-
| 4 || HR|| [[Faridabad district|Faridabad]]|| [[Faridabad]]|| {{right}} 1,798,954|| {{right}} 783|| {{right}} 2,298
|-
| 5 || FT|| [[Fatehabad district|Fatehabad]]|| [[Fatehabad, Haryana|Fatehabad]]|| {{right}} 941,522|| {{right}} 2,538|| {{right}} 371
|-
| 6 || GU||[[Gurgaon district|Gurugram]]||[[Gurugram]]|| {{right}} 1,514,085|| {{right}} 1,258|| {{right}} 1,241
|-
| 7 || HI|| [[Hisar (district)|Hisar]]|| [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]]|| {{right}} 1,742,815|| {{right}} 3,788|| {{right}} 438
|-
| 8 || JH|| [[Jhajjar district|Jhajjar]]|| [[Jhajjar]]|| {{right}} 956,907|| {{right}} 1,868|| {{right}} 522
|-
| 9 || JI|| [[Jind district|Jind]]|| [[Jind]]|| {{right}} 1,332,042|| {{right}} 2,702|| {{right}} 493
|-
| 10 || KT|| [[Kaithal district|Kaithal]]|| [[Kaithal]]|| {{right}} 1,072,861|| {{right}} 2,799|| {{right}} 467
|-
| 11 || KR|| [[Karnal district|Karnal]]|| [[Karnal]]|| {{right}} 1,506,323|| {{right}} 2,471|| {{right}} 598
|-
| 12 || KU|| [[Kurukshetra district|Kurukshetra]]|| [[Kurukshetra]]|| {{right}} 964,231|| {{right}} 1,530|| {{right}} 630
|-
| 13 || MA|| [[Mahendragarh district|Mahendragarh]]|| [[Narnaul]]|| {{right}} 921,680|| {{right}} 1,900|| {{right}} 485
|-
| 14 || MW|| [[Nuh district|Nuh]]|| [[Nuh (city)|Nuh]]|| {{right}} 1,089,406|| {{right}} 1,765 || {{right}} 729
|-
| 15 || PW|| [[Palwal district|Palwal]]|| [[Palwal]]|| {{right}} 1,040,493|| {{right}} 1,367|| {{right}} 761
|-
| 16 || PK|| [[Panchkula district|Panchkula]]|| [[Panchkula]]|| {{right}} 558,890|| {{right}} 816|| {{right}} 622
|-
| 17 || PP|| [[Panipat district|Panipat]]|| [[Panipat]]|| {{right}} 1,202,811|| {{right}} 1,250|| {{right}} 949
|-
| 18 || RE|| [[Rewari district|Rewari]]|| [[Rewari]]|| {{right}} 896,129|| {{right}} 1,559|| {{right}} 562
|-
| 19 || RO|| [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]]|| [[Rohtak]]|| {{right}} 1,058,683|| {{right}} 1,668|| {{right}} 607
|-
| 20 || SI|| [[Sirsa district|Sirsa]]|| [[Sirsa, Haryana|Sirsa]]|| {{right}} 1,295,114|| {{right}} 4,276|| {{right}} 303
|-
| 21 || SNP|| [[Sonipat district|Sonipat]]|| [[Sonipat]]|| {{right}} 1,480,080|| {{right}} 2,260|| {{right}} 697
|-
| 22 || YN|| [[Yamuna Nagar district|Yamunanagar]]|| [[Yamunanagar]]|| {{right}} 1,214,162|| {{right}} 1,756|| {{right}} 687
|-
| 23 || – || [[Hansi district|Hansi]] || [[Hansi]] || || ||
|}

=== Himachal Pradesh (HP) ===
{{See also|Districts of Himachal Pradesh}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || BI|| [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur]]|| [[Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur]]|| {{right}} 382,056|| {{right}} 1,167|| {{right}} 327
|-
| 2 || CH|| [[Chamba district|Chamba]]|| [[Chamba, Himachal Pradesh|Chamba]]|| {{right}} 518,844|| {{right}} 6,528|| {{right}} 80
|-
| 3 || HA|| [[Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur]]|| [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur]]|| {{right}} 454,293|| {{right}} 1,118|| {{right}} 406
|-
| 4 || KA|| [[Kangra district|Kangra]]|| [[Dharamshala]]|| {{right}} 1,507,223|| {{right}} 5,739|| {{right}} 263
|-
| 5 || KI|| [[Kinnaur district|Kinnaur]]|| [[Reckong Peo]]|| {{right}} 84,298|| {{right}} 6,401|| {{right}} 13
|-
| 6 || KU|| [[Kullu district|Kullu]]|| [[Kullu]]|| {{right}} 437,474|| {{right}} 5,503|| {{right}} 79
|-
| 7 || LH|| [[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul and Spiti]]|| [[Keylong]]|| {{right}} 18,528|| {{right}} 7,835|| {{right}} 2.3
|-
| 8 || MA|| [[Mandi district|Mandi]]|| [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]]|| {{right}} 999,518|| {{right}} 3,950|| {{right}} 253
|-
| 9 || SH|| [[Shimla district|Shimla]]|| [[Shimla]]|| {{right}} 813,384|| {{right}} 5,131|| {{right}} 159
|-
| 10 || SI||[[Sirmaur district|Sirmaur]]|| [[Nahan]]|| {{right}} 530,164|| {{right}} 2,825|| {{right}} 188
|-
| 11 || SO|| [[Solan district|Solan]]|| [[Solan]]|| {{right}} 576,670|| {{right}} 1,936|| {{right}} 298
|-
| 12 || UN|| [[Una district|Una]]|| [[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]]|| {{right}} 521,057|| {{right}} 1,540|| {{right}} 328
|-
|}

=== Jharkhand (JH) ===
{{See also|Districts of Jharkhand}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || BO|| [[Bokaro district|Bokaro]]|| [[Bokaro Steel City|Bokaro]]|| {{right}} 2,061,918 || {{right}} 2,883|| {{right}} 716
|-
| 2 || CH|| [[Chatra district|Chatra]]|| [[Chatra, Jharkhand|Chatra]]|| {{right}} 1,042,304 || {{right}} 3,700|| {{right}} 275
|-
| 3 || DE|| [[Deoghar district|Deoghar]]|| [[Deoghar]]|| {{right}} 1,491,879|| {{right}} 2,479|| {{right}} 602
|-
| 4 || DH|| [[Dhanbad district|Dhanbad]]|| [[Dhanbad]]|| {{right}} 2,682,662|| {{right}} 2,040|| {{right}} 1,316
|-
| 5 || DU|| [[Dumka district|Dumka]]|| [[Dumka]]|| {{right}} 1,321,096 || {{right}} 4,404 || {{right}} 300
|-
| 6 || ES|| [[East Singhbhum district|East Singhbhum]]|| [[Jamshedpur]]|| {{right}} 2,291,032 || {{right}} 3,562|| {{right}} 648
|-
| 7 || GA|| [[Garhwa district|Garhwa]]|| [[Garhwa]]|| {{right}} 1,322,387 || {{right}} 4,064|| {{right}} 327
|-
| 8 || GI|| [[Giridih district|Giridih]]|| [[Giridih]]|| {{right}} 2,445,203|| {{right}} 4,887|| {{right}} 497
|-
| 9 || GO|| [[Godda district|Godda]]|| [[Godda]]|| {{right}} 1,311,382|| {{right}} 2,110|| {{right}} 622
|-
| 10 || GU|| [[Gumla district|Gumla]]|| [[Gumla]]|| {{right}} 1,025,656 || {{right}} 5,360|| {{right}} 191
|-
| 11 || HA|| [[Hazaribagh district|Hazaribag]]|| [[Hazaribagh|Hazaribag]]|| {{right}} 1,734,495 || {{right}} 3,555 || {{right}} 488
|-
| 12 || JA|| [[Jamtara district|Jamtara]]|| [[Jamtara]]|| {{right}} 790,207 || {{right}} 1,802 || {{right}} 439
|-
| 13 || KH|| [[Khunti district|Khunti]]|| [[Khunti]]|| {{right}} 530,299 || {{right}} 2,535 || {{right}} 210
|-
| 14 || KO|| [[Koderma district|Koderma]]|| [[Koderma]]|| {{right}} 716,259 || {{right}} 2,540|| {{right}} 282
|-
| 15 || LA|| [[Latehar district|Latehar]]|| [[Latehar]]|| {{right}} 725,673 || {{right}} 3,630 || {{right}} 200
|-
| 16 || LO|| [[Lohardaga district|Lohardaga]]|| [[Lohardaga]]|| {{right}} 461,738|| {{right}} 1,502|| {{right}} 307
|-
| 17 || PK|| [[Pakur district|Pakur]]|| [[Pakur]]|| {{right}} 899,200 || {{right}} 1,805|| {{right}} 498
|-
| 18 || PL|| [[Palamu district|Palamu]]|| [[Daltonganj]]|| {{right}} 1,936,319 || {{right}} 4,393|| {{right}} 442
|-
| 19 || RM|| [[Ramgarh district|Ramgarh]]|| [[Ramgarh, Jharkhand|Ramgarh]]|| {{right}} 949,159 || {{right}} 1,341|| {{right}} 708
|-
| 20 || RA|| [[Ranchi district|Ranchi]]|| [[Ranchi]]|| {{right}} 2,912,022|| {{right}} 5,097|| {{right}} 572
|-
| 21 || SA|| [[Sahebganj district|Sahibganj]]|| [[Sahebganj]]|| {{right}} 1,150,038 || {{right}} 2,063|| {{right}} 558
|-
| 22 || SK|| [[Seraikela Kharsawan district|Seraikela-Kharsawan]]|| [[Seraikela]] || {{right}} 1,063,458|| {{right}} 2,657|| {{right}} 401
|-
| 23 || SI|| [[Simdega district|Simdega]]|| [[Simdega]]|| {{right}} 599,813 || {{right}} 3,750 || {{right}} 160
|-
| 24 || WS|| [[West Singhbhum district|West Singhbhum]]|| [[Chaibasa]]|| {{right}} 1,501,619|| {{right}} 7,224 || {{right}} 209
|-
|}

=== Karnataka (KA) ===
{{See also|Districts of Karnataka}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || BK|| [[Bagalkot district|Bagalkot]]|| [[Bagalkote]]|| {{right}} 1,890,826 || {{right}} 6,583|| {{right}} 288
|-
| 2 || BL|| [[Bellary district|Ballari]]|| [[Ballari]]|| {{right}} 1,400,970 || {{right}} 4,252|| {{right}} 330
|-
| 3 || BG|| [[Belgaum district|Belagavi]]|| [[Belgaum]]|| {{right}} 4,778,439 || {{right}} 13,415|| {{right}} 356
|-
| 4 || BR|| [[Bangalore Rural district|Bangalore Rural]]|| [[Bangalore]]|| {{right}} 987,257|| {{right}} 2,239 || {{right}} 441
|-
| 5 || BN|| [[Bangalore Urban district|Bangalore Urban]]|| [[Bangalore]]|| {{right}} 9,588,910|| {{right}} 2,190|| {{right}} 4,378
|-
| 6 || BD|| [[Bidar district|Bidar]]|| [[Bidar]]|| {{right}} 1,700,018 || {{right}} 5,448|| {{right}} 312
|-
| 7 || CJ|| [[Chamarajanagar district|Chamarajanagar]]|| [[Chamarajanagar]]|| {{right}} 1,020,962|| {{right}} 5,102|| {{right}} 200
|-
| 8 || CK|| [[Chikkaballapur district|Chikkaballapur]] || [[Chikkaballapur]] || {{right}} 1,254,377 || {{right}} 4,208 || {{right}} 298
|-
| 9 || CK|| [[Chikmagalur district|Chikmagalur]]|| [[Chikmagalur]]|| {{right}} 1,137,753 || {{right}} 7,201|| {{right}} 158
|-
| 10 || CT|| [[Chitradurga district|Chitradurga]]|| [[Chitradurga]]|| {{right}} 1,660,378 || {{right}} 8,437|| {{right}} 197
|-
| 11 || DK|| [[Dakshina Kannada]]|| [[Mangalore]]|| {{right}} 2,083,625 || {{right}} 4,559|| {{right}} 457
|-
| 12 || DA|| [[Davanagere district|Davanagere]]|| [[Davangere]]|| {{right}} 1,643,494 || {{right}} 4,460|| {{right}} 370
|-
| 13 || DH|| [[Dharwad district|Dharwad]]|| [[Dharwad]] || {{right}} 1,846,993 || {{right}} 4,265|| {{right}} 434
|-
| 14 || GA|| [[Gadag district|Gadaga]]|| [[Gadag-Betageri]]|| {{right}} 1,065,235 || {{right}} 4,651|| {{right}} 229
|-
| 15 || GU|| [[Kalaburagi district|Kalaburagi]]|| [[Kalaburagi]]|| {{right}} 2,564,892 || {{right}} 10,990 || {{right}} 233
|-
| 16 || HS|| [[Hassan district|Hassan]]|| [[Hassan, Karnataka|Hassan]]|| {{right}} 1,776,221 || {{right}} 6,814|| {{right}} 261
|-
| 17 || HV|| [[Haveri district|Haveri]]|| [[Haveri]]|| {{right}} 1,598,506 || {{right}} 4,825|| {{right}} 331
|-
| 18 || KD|| [[Kodagu district|Kodagu]]|| [[Madikeri]]|| {{right}} 554,762 || {{right}} 4,102|| {{right}} 135
|-
| 19 || KL|| [[Kolar district|Kolar]]|| [[Kolar, Karnataka|Kolar]]|| {{right}} 1,540,231 || {{right}} 4,012 || {{right}} 384
|-
| 20 || KP|| [[Koppal district|Koppal]]|| [[Koppal]]|| {{right}} 1,391,292 || {{right}} 5,565 || {{right}} 250
|-
| 21 || MA|| [[Mandya district|Mandya]]|| [[Mandya]]|| {{right}} 1,808,680 || {{right}} 4,961|| {{right}} 365
|-
| 22 || MY|| [[Mysore district|Mysore]]|| [[Mysore]]|| {{right}} 2,994,744|| {{right}} 6,854|| {{right}} 437
|-
| 23 || RA|| [[Raichur district|Raichur]]|| [[Raichur]]|| {{right}} 1,924,773 || {{right}} 6,839|| {{right}} 228
|-
| 24 || RM|| [[Ramanagara district|Ramanagara]] || [[Ramanagara]] || {{right}} 1,082,739 || {{right}} 3,573 || {{right}} 303
|-
| 25 || SH|| [[Shimoga district|Shimoga]]|| [[Shimoga]]|| {{right}} 1,755,512 || {{right}} 8,495|| {{right}} 207
|-
| 26 || TU|| [[Tumakuru district|Tumakuru]]|| [[Tumakuru]]|| {{right}} 2,681,449 || {{right}} 10,598|| {{right}} 253
|-
| 27 || UD|| [[Udupi district|Udupi]]|| [[Udupi]]|| {{right}} 1,177,908 || {{right}} 3,879|| {{right}} 304
|-
| 28 || UK|| [[Uttara Kannada]]|| [[Karwar]]|| {{right}} 1,353,299|| {{right}} 10,291|| {{right}} 132
|-
| 29 || || [[Vijayanagara district|Vijayanagara]]|| [[Hospete]]|| {{right}} 1,353,628|| {{right}} 5,644 || {{right}} 240
|-
| 30 || BJ|| [[Bijapur district, Karnataka|Bijapur]]|| [[Bijapur]]|| {{right}} 2,175,102 || {{right}} 10,517|| {{right}} 207
|-
| 31 || YG|| [[Yadgir district|Yadgir]] || [[Yadgir]] || {{right}} 1,172,985 || {{right}} 5,225 || {{right}} 224
|-
|}

=== Kerala (KL) ===
{{See also|Districts of Kerala}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/32part1.pdf|title=Part I: state|publisher=Government of India Census portal|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref>
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || AL|| [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]|| [[Alappuzha]]||{{right}} 2,121,943 ||{{right}} 1,415 || {{right}} 1,501
|-
| 2 || ER|| [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]|| [[Kakkanad]]||{{right}} 3,279,860 ||{{right}} 3,063 || {{right}} 1,069
|-
| 3 || ID|| [[Idukki district|Idukki]]|| [[Painavu]]||{{right}} 1,107,453 ||{{right}} 4,356 || {{right}} 254
|-
| 4 || KN|| [[Kannur district|Kannur]]|| [[Kannur]]||{{right}} 2,525,637 ||{{right}} 2,961 || {{right}} 852
|-
| 5 || KS|| [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]]|| [[Kasaragod]]||{{right}} 1,302,600 ||{{right}} 1,989 || {{right}} 654
|-
| 6 || KL|| [[Kollam district|Kollam]]|| [[Kollam]]||{{right}} 2,629,703 ||{{right}} 2,483 || {{right}} 1,056
|-
| 7 || KT|| [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]]|| [[Kottayam]]||{{right}} 1,979,384 ||{{right}} 2,206 || {{right}} 896
|-
| 8 || KZ|| [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]|| [[Kozhikode]]||{{right}} 3,089,543 ||{{right}} 2,345 || {{right}} 1,318
|-
| 9 || MA|| [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]|| [[Malappuram]]||{{right}} 4,110,956 ||{{right}} 3,554 || {{right}} 1,058
|-
| 10 || PL|| [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]|| [[Palakkad]]||{{right}} 2,810,892 ||{{right}} 4,482 || {{right}} 627
|-
| 11 || PT|| [[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]]|| [[Pathanamthitta]]||{{right}} 1,195,537 ||{{right}} 2,652 || {{right}} 453
|-
|13
|TV
|[[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]
|[[Thiruvananthapuram]]||{{right}} 3,307,284 ||{{right}} 2,189 || {{right}} 1,509
|-
| 12 || TS|| [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]|| [[Thrissur]]||{{right}} 3,110,327 ||{{right}} 3,027 || {{right}} 1,026
|-
| 14 || WA|| [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]]|| [[Kalpetta]]||{{right}} 816,558 ||{{right}} 2,130 || {{right}} 383
|-
|}

=== Madhya Pradesh (MP) ===
{{See also|Districts of Madhya Pradesh}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || AG|| [[Agar Malwa district|Agar Malwa]]|| [[Agar, Madhya Pradesh|Agar]]||{{right}}571,275 || {{right}}2,785 || {{right}}205
|-
| 2 || AL|| [[Alirajpur district|Alirajpur]]|| [[Alirajpur]]|| {{right}} 728,677 || {{right}} 3,182 || {{right}} 229
|-
| 3 || AP|| [[Anuppur district|Anuppur]]|| [[Anuppur]]|| {{right}} 749,521 || {{right}} 3,747 || {{right}} 200
|-
| 4 || AS|| [[Ashok Nagar district|Ashoknagar]]|| [[Ashoknagar (Madhya Pradesh)|Ashoknagar]]|| {{right}} 844,979 || {{right}} 4,674 || {{right}} 181
|-
| 5 || BL|| [[Balaghat district|Balaghat]]|| [[Balaghat]]|| {{right}} 1,701,156 || {{right}} 9,229|| {{right}} 184
|-
| 6 || BR|| [[Barwani district|Barwani]]|| [[Barwani]]|| {{right}} 1,385,659 || {{right}} 5,432|| {{right}} 256
|-
| 7 || BE|| [[Betul district|Betul]]|| [[Betul, Madhya Pradesh|Betul]]|| {{right}} 1,575,247 || {{right}} 10,043|| {{right}} 157
|-
| 8 || BD|| [[Bhind district|Bhind]]|| [[Bhind]]|| {{right}} 1,703,562 || {{right}} 4,459|| {{right}} 382
|-
| 9 || BP|| [[Bhopal district|Bhopal]]|| [[Bhopal]]|| {{right}} 2,368,145 || {{right}} 2,772|| {{right}} 854
|-
| 10 || BU || [[Burhanpur district|Burhanpur]]|| [[Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh|Burhanpur]]|| {{right}} 756,993 || {{right}} 3,427 || {{right}} 221
|-
| 11 || CT|| [[Chhatarpur district|Chhatarpur]]|| [[Chhatarpur]]|| {{right}} 1,762,857 || {{right}} 8,687|| {{right}} 203
|-
| 12 || CN|| [[Chhindwara district|Chhindwara]]|| [[Chhindwara]]|| {{right}} 2,090,306 || {{right}} 11,815|| {{right}} 177
|-
| 13 || DM|| [[Damoh district|Damoh]]|| [[Damoh]]|| {{right}} 1,263,703 || {{right}} 7,306 || {{right}} 173
|-
| 14 || DT|| [[Datia district|Datia]]|| [[Datia]]|| {{right}} 786,375 || {{right}} 2,694 || {{right}} 292
|-
| 15 || DE|| [[Dewas district|Dewas]]|| [[Dewas]]|| {{right}} 1,563,107 || {{right}} 7,020 || {{right}} 223
|-
| 16 || DH|| [[Dhar district|Dhar]]|| [[Dhar]]|| {{right}} 2,184,672 || {{right}} 8,153 || {{right}} 268
|-
| 17 || DI|| [[Dindori district|Dindori]]|| [[Dindori, Madhya Pradesh|Dindori]]|| {{right}} 704,218 || {{right}} 7,427 || {{right}} 94
|-
| 18 || GU|| [[Guna district|Guna]]|| [[Guna, India|Guna]]|| {{right}} 1,240,938 || {{right}} 6,485 || {{right}} 194
|-
| 19 || GW|| [[Gwalior district|Gwalior]]|| [[Gwalior]]|| {{right}} 2,030,543 || {{right}} 5,465 || {{right}} 445
|-
| 20 || HA|| [[Harda district|Harda]]|| [[Harda]]|| {{right}} 570,302 || {{right}} 3,339 || {{right}} 171
|-
| 21 || NA|| [[Hoshangabad district|Hoshangabad]]|| [[Hoshangabad]]|| {{right}} 1,240,975 || {{right}} 6,698 || {{right}} 185
|-
| 22 || IN|| [[Indore district|Indore]]|| [[Indore]]|| {{right}} 3,272,335 || {{right}} 3,898 || {{right}} 839
|-
| 23 || JA|| [[Jabalpur district|Jabalpur]]|| [[Jabalpur]]|| {{right}} 2,460,714 || {{right}} 5,210 || {{right}} 472
|-
| 24 || JH|| [[Jhabua district|Jhabua]]|| [[Jhabua]]|| {{right}} 1,024,091 || {{right}} 6,782 || {{right}} 285
|-
| 25 || KA|| [[Katni district|Katni]]|| [[Katni]]|| {{right}} 1,291,684 || {{right}} 4,947 || {{right}} 261
|-
| 26 || EN|| [[Khandwa district|Khandwa]]|| [[Khandwa]]|| {{right}} 1,309,443 || {{right}} 7,349 || {{right}} 178
|-
| 27 || WN|| [[Khargone district|Khargone]]|| [[Khargone]]|| {{right}} 1,872,413 || {{right}} 8,010 || {{right}} 233
|-
| 28 || MH|| [[Maihar district|Maihar]]|| [[Maihar]]|| {{right}} - || {{right}} - || {{right}} -
|-
| 29 || ML|| [[Mandla district|Mandla]]|| [[Mandla]]|| {{right}} 1,053,522 || {{right}} 5,805 || {{right}} 182
|-
| 30 || MS|| [[Mandsaur district|Mandsaur]]|| [[Mandsaur]]|| {{right}} 1,339,832 || {{right}} 5,530 || {{right}} 242
|-
| 31 || MG|| [[Mauganj district|Mauganj]]|| [[Mauganj]]|| {{right}} - || {{right}} - || {{right}} -
|-
| 32 || MO|| [[Morena district|Morena]]|| [[Morena, India|Morena]]|| {{right}} 1,965,137 || {{right}} 4,991 || {{right}} 394
|-
| 33 || NA|| [[Narsinghpur district|Narsinghpur]]|| [[Narsinghpur]]|| {{right}} 1,092,141 || {{right}} 5,133 || {{right}} 213
|-
| 34 || NE|| [[Neemuch district|Neemuch]]|| [[Neemuch]]|| {{right}} 825,958 || {{right}} 4,267 || {{right}} 194
|-
| 35 || {{dash}} ||[[Niwari district|Niwari]]||[[Niwari, Madhya Pradesh|Niwari]]||{{right}}404,807 ||{{right}}1,170 || {{right}}345
|-
| 36 || PA|| [[Panna district|Panna]]|| [[Panna, India|Panna]]|| {{right}} 1,016,028 || {{right}} 7,135 || {{right}} 142
|-
| 37|| PD|| [[Pandhurna district|Pandhurna]]|| [[Pandhurna]]|| {{right}} - || {{right}} - || {{right}} -
|-
| 38 || RS|| [[Raisen district|Raisen]]|| [[Raisen]]|| {{right}} 1,331,699 || {{right}} 8,466 || {{right}} 157
|-
| 39 || RG|| [[Rajgarh district|Rajgarh]]|| [[Rajgarh, Madhya Pradesh|Rajgarh]]|| {{right}} 1,546,541 || {{right}} 6,143 || {{right}} 251
|-
| 40 || RL|| [[Ratlam district|Ratlam]]|| [[Ratlam]]|| {{right}} 1,454,483 || {{right}} 4,861 || {{right}} 299
|-
| 41 || RE|| [[Rewa district|Rewa]]|| [[Rewa, India|Rewa]]|| {{right}} 2,363,744 || {{right}} 6,314 || {{right}} 374
|-
| 42 || SG|| [[Sagar district|Sagar]]|| [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]]|| {{right}} 2,378,295 || {{right}} 10,252 || {{right}} 272
|-
| 43 || ST|| [[Satna district|Satna]]|| [[Satna]]|| {{right}} 2,228,619 || {{right}} 7,502 || {{right}} 297
|-
| 44 || SR|| [[Sehore district|Sehore]]|| [[Sehore]]|| {{right}} 1,311,008 || {{right}} 6,578 || {{right}} 199
|-
| 45 || SO|| [[Seoni district|Seoni]]|| [[Seoni]]|| {{right}} 1,378,876 || {{right}} 8,758 || {{right}} 157
|-
| 46 || SH|| [[Shahdol district|Shahdol]]|| [[Shahdol]]|| {{right}} 1,064,989 || {{right}} 6,205 || {{right}} 172
|-
| 47 || SJ|| [[Shajapur district|Shajapur]]|| [[Shajapur]]|| {{right}} 1,512,353 || {{right}} 6,196 || {{right}} 244
|-
| 48 || SP|| [[Sheopur district|Sheopur]]|| [[Sheopur]]|| {{right}} 687,952 || {{right}} 6,585 || {{right}} 104
|-
| 49 || SV|| [[Shivpuri district|Shivpuri]]|| [[Shivpuri]]|| {{right}} 1,725,818 || {{right}} 10,290 || {{right}} 168
|-
| 50 || SI|| [[Sidhi district|Sidhi]]|| [[Sidhi]]|| {{right}} 1,126,515 || {{right}} 10,520 || {{right}} 232
|-
| 51 || SN|| [[Singrauli district|Singrauli]]|| [[Waidhan]]|| {{right}} 1,178,132 || {{right}} 5,672 || {{right}} 208
|-
| 52 || TI|| [[Tikamgarh district|Tikamgarh]]|| [[Tikamgarh]]|| {{right}} 1,444,920 || {{right}} 5,055 || {{right}} 286
|-
| 53 || UJ|| [[Ujjain district|Ujjain]]|| [[Ujjain]]|| {{right}} 1,986,864 || {{right}} 6,091 || {{right}} 356
|-
| 54 || UM|| [[Umaria district|Umaria]]|| [[Umaria]]|| {{right}} 643,579 || {{right}} 4,062 || {{right}} 158
|-
| 55 || VI|| [[Vidisha district|Vidisha]]|| [[Vidisha]]|| {{right}} 1,458,212 || {{right}} 7,362|| {{right}} 198
|}

=== Maharashtra (MH) ===
{{See also|Districts of Maharashtra}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || AH|| [[Ahmednagar district|Ahmednagar]]|| [[Ahmednagar]]|| {{right}} 4,543,083 || {{right}} 17,048 || {{right}} 266
|-
| 2 || AK|| [[Akola district|Akola]]|| [[Akola]]|| {{right}} 1,818,617 || {{right}} 5,429 || {{right}} 321
|-
| 3 || AM|| [[Amravati district|Amravati]]|| [[Amravati]]|| {{right}} 2,887,826 || {{right}} 12,235 || {{right}} 237
|-
| 4 || AU|| [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]|| [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]|| {{right}} 3,695,928 || {{right}} 10,107 || {{right}} 365
|-
| 5 || BI|| [[Beed district|Beed]]|| [[Beed]]|| {{right}} 2,585,962 || {{right}} 10,693 || {{right}} 242
|-
| 6 || BH|| [[Bhandara district|Bhandara]]|| [[Bhandara (city)|Bhandara]]|| {{right}} 1,198,810 || {{right}} 3,890 || {{right}} 293
|-
| 7 || BU|| [[Buldhana district|Buldhana]]|| [[Buldhana]]|| {{right}} 2,588,039 || {{right}} 9,661 || {{right}} 268
|-
| 8 || CH|| [[Chandrapur district|Chandrapur]]|| [[Chandrapur]]|| {{right}} 2,194,262 || {{right}} 11,443 || {{right}} 192
|-
| 9 || OS|| [[Osmanabad district|Osmanabad]]|| [[Osmanabad]]|| {{right}} 1,660,311 || {{right}} 7,569 || {{right}} 219
|-
| 10 || DH|| [[Dhule district|Dhule]]|| [[Dhule]]|| {{right}} 2,048,781 || {{right}} 8,095 || {{right}} 285
|-
| 11 || GA|| [[Gadchiroli district|Gadchiroli]]|| [[Gadchiroli]]|| {{right}} 1,071,795 || {{right}} 14,412 || {{right}} 74
|-
| 12 || GO|| [[Gondia district|Gondia]]|| [[Gondia]]|| {{right}} 1,322,331 || {{right}} 5,431 || {{right}} 253
|-
| 13 || HI|| [[Hingoli district|Hingoli]]|| [[Hingoli]]|| {{right}} 1,178,973 || {{right}} 4,526 || {{right}} 244
|-
| 14 || JG|| [[Jalgaon district|Jalgaon]]|| [[Jalgaon]]|| {{right}} 4,229,917 || {{right}} 11,765 || {{right}} 360
|-
| 15 || JN|| [[Jalna district|Jalna]]|| [[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]]|| {{right}} 1,958,483 || {{right}} 7,718 || {{right}} 255
|-
| 16 || KO|| [[Kolhapur district|Kolhapur]]|| [[Kolhapur]]|| {{right}} 3,874,015 || {{right}} 7,685 || {{right}} 504
|-
| 17 || LA|| [[Latur district|Latur]]|| [[Latur]]|| {{right}} 2,455,543 || {{right}} 7,157|| {{right}} 343
|-
| 18 || MC||[[Mumbai City district|Mumbai City]]||[[Mumbai]]|| {{right}} 3,145,966 || {{right}} 157 || {{right}} 20,036
|-
| 19 || MU|| [[Mumbai Suburban district|Mumbai Suburban]]|| [[Bandra]] (East)|| {{right}} 9,332,481 || {{right}} 446 || {{right}} 21,000
|-
| 20 || ND|| [[Nanded district|Nanded]]|| [[Nanded]]|| {{right}} 3,356,566 || {{right}} 10,528 || {{right}} 319
|-
| 21 || NB|| [[Nandurbar district|Nandurbar]]|| [[Nandurbar]]|| {{right}} 1,646,177 || {{right}} 5,055 || {{right}} 276
|-
| 22 || NG|| [[Nagpur district|Nagpur]]|| [[Nagpur]]|| {{right}} 4,653,171 || {{right}} 9,892 || {{right}} 470
|-
| 23 || NS|| [[Nashik district|Nashik]]|| [[Nashik]]|| {{right}} 6,109,052 || {{right}} 15,539 || {{right}} 393
|-
| 24 || PL||[[Palghar district|Palghar]]|| [[Palghar]]|| {{right}} 2,990,116 || {{right}} 5,344 || {{right}} 560
|-
| 25 || PA|| [[Parbhani district|Parbhani]]|| [[Parbhani]]|| {{right}} 1,835,982 || {{right}} 6,511 || {{right}} 295
|-
| 26 || PU|| [[Pune district|Pune]]|| [[Pune]]|| {{right}} 9,426,959|| {{right}} 15,643 || {{right}} 603
|-
| 27 || RG|| [[Raigad district|Raigad]]|| [[Alibag]]|| {{right}} 2,635,394 || {{right}} 7,152 || {{right}} 368
|-
| 28 || RT|| [[Ratnagiri district|Ratnagiri]]|| [[Ratnagiri]]|| {{right}} 1,612,672 || {{right}} 8,208 || {{right}} 196
|-
| 29 || SN|| [[Sangli district|Sangli]]|| [[Sangli]]|| {{right}} 2,820,575 || {{right}} 8,572 || {{right}} 329
|-
| 30 || ST|| [[Satara district|Satara]]|| [[Satara (city)|Satara]]|| {{right}} 3,003,922 || {{right}} 10,475 || {{right}} 287
|-
| 31 || SI|| [[Sindhudurg district|Sindhudurg]]|| [[Oros, Sindhudurg|Oros]]|| {{right}} 848,868 || {{right}} 5,207 || {{right}} 163
|-
| 32 || SO|| [[Solapur district|Solapur]]|| [[Solapur]]|| {{right}} 4,315,527 || {{right}} 14,895 || {{right}} 290
|-
| 33 || TH|| [[Thane district|Thane]]|| [[Thane]]|| {{right}} 8,070,032 || {{right}} 4,214 || {{right}} 1,915
|-
| 34 || WR|| [[Wardha district|Wardha]]|| [[Wardha]]|| {{right}} 1,296,157 || {{right}} 6,309 || {{right}} 205
|-
| 35 || WS|| [[Washim district|Washim]]|| [[Washim]]|| {{right}} 1,196,714 || {{right}} 5,155 || {{right}} 244
|-
| 36 || YA|| [[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]]|| [[Yavatmal]]|| {{right}} 2,775,457 || {{right}} 13,582 || {{right}} 204
|}

=== Manipur (MN) ===
{{See also|Districts of Manipur}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || BPR|| [[Bishnupur District|Bishnupur]]|| [[Bishnupur (city)|Bishnupur]]|| {{right}}240,363|| {{right}}496|| {{right}}415
|-
| 2 || CDL|| [[Chandel District|Chandel]]|| [[Chandel district|Chandel]]|| {{right}}144,028|| {{right}}2,100|| {{right}}37
|-
| 3 || CCpr|| [[Churachandpur district|Churachandpur]]|| [[Churachandpur]]|| {{right}}271,274|| {{right}}2,392|| {{right}}50
|-
| 4 || IE|| [[Imphal East]]|| [[Porompat]]|| {{right}}452,661|| {{right}}497|| {{right}}555
|-
| 5 || IW|| [[Imphal West]]|| [[Lamphelpat]]|| {{right}}514,683||{{right}} 519|| {{right}}847
|-
| 6 || JBM|| [[Jiribam District|Jiribam]]|| [[Jiribam]]|| {{right}}43,818|| {{right}}182|| {{right}}190
|-
| 7 || KAK||[[Kakching district|Kakching]]|| [[Kakching]]|| {{right}}135,481||{{right}} 190|| {{right}}710
|-
| 8 || KJ|| [[Kamjong district|Kamjong]]|| [[Kamjong]]|| {{right}}45,616|| {{right}}2,338|| {{right}}23
|-
| 9 || KPI|| [[Kangpokpi district|Kangpokpi]]|| [[Kangpokpi]]|| {{right}}193,744|| {{right}}1,698|| {{right}} 110
|-
| 10 || NL|| [[Noney district|Noney]]|| [[Noney]] (Longmai)|| {{right}}{{dash}} || {{right}}1,076|| {{right}}{{dash}}
|-
| 11 || PZ|| [[Pherzawl District|Pherzawl]]|| [[Pherzawl]]|| {{right}}47,250|| {{right}}2,128|| {{right}}21
|-
| 12 || SE|| [[Senapati district|Senapati]]|| [[Senapati (Tahamzam)|Senapati]]|| {{right}}354,772|| {{right}}1,573|| {{right}}116
|-
| 13 || TML|| [[Tamenglong District|Tamenglong]]|| [[Tamenglong]]|| {{right}}140,143||{{right}} 3,315||{{right}} 25
|-
| 14 || TNL || [[Tengnoupal district|Tengnoupal]]|| [[Tengnoupal]]|| {{right}}59,110|| {{right}}1,213|| {{right}}49
|-
| 15 || TBL|| [[Thoubal District|Thoubal]]|| [[Thoubal]]||{{right}} 420,517|| {{right}}324||{{right}} 713
|-
| 16 || UKR|| [[Ukhrul District|Ukhrul]]|| [[Ukhrul]]|| {{right}}183,115|| {{right}}2,206|| {{right}}31
|-
|}

=== Meghalaya (ML) ===
{{See also|Districts of Meghalaya}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || EG|| [[East Garo Hills]]|| [[Williamnagar]]|| {{right}} 317,618 || {{right}} 2,603 || {{right}} 121
|-
| 2 || {{dash}}||[[East Jaintia Hills]] || [[Khliehriat]]|| {{right}} 122,436 || {{right}} 2,115 || {{right}} 58
|-
| 3 || EK|| [[East Khasi Hills]]|| [[Shillong]]|| {{right}} 824,059 || {{right}} 2,752 || {{right}} 292
|-
| 4 || {{dash}}||[[Eastern West Khasi Hills district|Eastern West Khasi Hills]] || [[Mairang]]|| {{right}} 131,451 || {{right}} 1,356 || {{right}} 97
|-
| 5 || {{dash}}||[[North Garo Hills]] || [[Resubelpara]]|| {{right}} 118,325 || {{right}} 1,113 || {{right}} 106
|-
| 6 || RB|| [[Ri-Bhoi|Ri Bhoi]]|| [[Nongpoh]]|| {{right}} 258,380 || {{right}} 2,378 || {{right}} 109
|-
| 7 || SG|| [[South Garo Hills]]|| [[Baghmara, India|Baghmara]]|| {{right}} 142,574 || {{right}} 1,850 || {{right}} 77
|-
| 8 || {{dash}} ||[[South West Garo Hills]]|| [[Ampati]]|| {{right}}172,495 || {{right}} 822 || {{right}} 210
|-
| 9 || {{dash}}||[[South West Khasi Hills]]|| [[Mawkyrwat]]|| {{right}} 110,152 || {{right}} 1,341 || {{right}}82
|-
| 10 || WG|| [[West Garo Hills]]|| [[Tura, India|Tura]]|| {{right}} 642,923 || {{right}} 3,714 || {{right}} 173
|-
| 11 || WJ|| [[West Jaintia Hills]]|| [[Jowai]]|| {{right}} 270,352 || {{right}} 1,693 || {{right}} 160
|-
| 12 || WK|| [[West Khasi Hills]]|| [[Nongstoin]]|| {{right}} 385,601 || {{right}} 5,247 || {{right}} 73
|-
|}

=== Mizoram (MZ) ===
{{See also|Districts of Mizoram}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || AI|| [[Aizawl district|Aizawl]]|| [[Aizawl]]|| {{right}} 404,054 || {{right}} 3,577 || {{right}} 113
|-
| 2 || CH|| [[Champhai district|Champhai]]|| [[Champhai]]|| {{right}} 125,370 || {{right}} 3,168|| {{right}} 39
|-
| 3 || -|| [[Hnahthial district|Hnahthial]]|| [[Hnahthial]]|| {{right}} 28,468 || {{right}} – || {{right}} –
|-
| 4 || -|| [[Khawzawl district|Khawzawl]]|| [[Khawzawl]]|| {{right}} – || {{right}} – || {{right}} –
|-
| 5 || KO|| [[Kolasib district|Kolasib]]|| [[Kolasib]]|| {{right}} 83,054 || {{right}} 1,386 || {{right}} 60
|-
| 6 || LA|| [[Lawngtlai district|Lawngtlai]]|| [[Lawngtlai]]|| {{right}} 117,444 || {{right}} 2,519 || {{right}} 46
|-
| 7 || LU|| [[Lunglei district|Lunglei]]|| [[Lunglei]]|| {{right}} 154,094 || {{right}} 4,572 || {{right}} 34
|-
| 8 || MA|| [[Mamit district|Mamit]]|| [[Mamit, India|Mamit]]|| {{right}} 85,757 || {{right}} 2,967 || {{right}} 28
|-
| 9 || SA|| [[Siaha district|Saiha]]|| [[Saiha]]|| {{right}} 56,366 || {{right}} 1,414 || {{right}} 40
|-
| 10 || -|| [[Saitual district|Saitual]]|| [[Saitual]]|| {{right}} – || {{right}} – || {{right}} –
|-
| 11 || SE|| [[Serchhip district|Serchhip]]|| [[Serchhip]]|| {{right}} 64,875 || {{right}} 1,424 || {{right}} 46
|-
|}

=== Nagaland (NL) ===
{{See also|Districts of Nagaland}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || {{dash}}|| [[Chümoukedima district|Chümoukedima]] || [[Chümoukedima]] || {{right}} 125,400 || {{right}} 570 || {{right}} 220
|-
| 2 || DI|| [[Dimapur district|Dimapur]]|| [[Dimapur]]|| {{right}} 379,769 || {{right}} 926 || {{right}} 410
|-
| 3 || KI|| [[Kiphire district|Kiphire]]|| [[Kiphire]]|| {{right}} 74,033 || {{right}} 1,255 || {{right}} 66
|-
| 4 || KO|| [[Kohima district|Kohima]]|| [[Kohima]]|| {{right}} 270,063 || {{right}} 1,041 || {{right}} 213
|-
| 5 || LO|| [[Longleng district|Longleng]]|| [[Longleng]]|| {{right}} 50,593 || {{right}} 885 || {{right}} 89
|-
| 6 || MK|| [[Mokokchung district|Mokokchung]]|| [[Mokokchung]]|| {{right}} 193,171 || {{right}} 1,615 || {{right}} 120
|-
| 7 || MN|| [[Mon district|Mon]]|| [[Mon, India|Mon]]|| {{right}} 259,604|| {{right}} 1,786 || {{right}} 145
|-
| 8 || {{dash}} || [[Niuland district|Niuland]] || [[Niuland]] || {{right}} 42,287 || {{right}} 483.63 || {{right}} 87
|-
| 9 || {{dash}} || [[Noklak district|Noklak]]|| [[Noklak]]|| {{right}} 59,300 || {{right}} 1,152 || {{right}} 51
|-
| 10 || PE|| [[Peren district|Peren]]|| [[Peren (town)|Peren]]|| {{right}} 163,294 || {{right}} 2,300 || {{right}} 55
|-
| 11 || PH|| [[Phek district|Phek]]|| [[Phek]]|| {{right}} 163,294 || {{right}} 2,026 || {{right}} 81
|-
| 12 || {{dash}} || [[Shamator district|Shamator]]|| [[Shamator]]|| {{right}} 34,223 || {{right}} 469 || {{right}} 73
|-
| 13 || {{dash}} || [[Tseminyü district|Tseminyü]] || [[Tseminyü]] || {{right}} 63,629 || {{right}} 256 || {{right}} 249
|-
| 14 || TU|| [[Tuensang district|Tuensang]]|| [[Tuensang]]|| {{right}} 414,801|| {{right}} 4,228 || {{right}} 98
|-
| 15 || WO|| [[Wokha district|Wokha]]|| [[Wokha]]|| {{right}} 166,239 || {{right}} 1,628 || {{right}} 120
|-
| 16 || ZU|| [[Zunheboto district|Zunheboto]]|| [[Zunheboto]]|| {{right}} 141,014 || {{right}} 1,255 || {{right}} 112
|-
|}

=== Odisha (OD) ===
{{See also|Districts of Odisha}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || AN|| [[Angul district|Angul]]|| [[Angul]]|| {{right}} 1,271,703 || {{right}} 6,232 || {{right}} 199
|-
| 2 || BD|| [[Boudh district|Boudh]]|| [[Boudh]]|| {{right}} 439,917 || {{right}} 3,098 || {{right}} 142
|-
| 3 || BH|| [[Bhadrak district|Bhadrak]]|| [[Bhadrak]]|| {{right}} 1,506,522 || {{right}} 2,505 || {{right}} 601
|-
| 4 || BL|| [[Balangir district|Balangir]] || [[Balangir]]|| {{right}} 1,648,574 || {{right}} 6,575 || {{right}} 251
|-
| 5 || BR|| [[Bargarh district|Bargarh]]|| [[Bargarh]]|| {{right}} 1,478,833 || {{right}} 5,837 || {{right}} 253
|-
| 6 || BW|| [[Balasore district|Balasore]] || [[Balasore]]|| {{right}} 2,317,419 || {{right}} 3,634 || {{right}} 609
|-
| 7 || CU|| [[Cuttack district|Cuttack]]|| [[Cuttack]]|| {{right}} 2,618,708 || {{right}} 3,932|| {{right}} 666
|-
| 8 || DE|| [[Debagarh district|Debagarh]]|| [[Debagarh]]|| {{right}} 312,164 || {{right}} 2,781 || {{right}} 106
|-
| 9 || DH|| [[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]]|| [[Dhenkanal]]|| {{right}} 1,192,948 || {{right}} 4,452 || {{right}} 268
|-
| 10 || GN|| [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]]|| [[Chhatrapur]]|| {{right}} 3,529,031|| {{right}} 8,206|| {{right}} 430
|-
| 11 || GP|| [[Gajapati district|Gajapati]]|| [[Paralakhemundi]]|| {{right}} 575,880|| {{right}} 3,850 || {{right}} 133
|-
| 12 || JH|| [[Jharsuguda district|Jharsuguda]]|| [[Jharsuguda]]|| {{right}} 579,499|| {{right}} 2,081 || {{right}} 274
|-
| 13 || JP|| [[Jajpur district|Jajpur]] || [[Jajpur]]|| {{right}} 1,826,275|| {{right}} 2,888 || {{right}} 630
|-
| 14 || JS|| [[Jagatsinghpur district|Jagatsinghpur]]|| [[Jagatsinghpur]]|| {{right}} 1,136,604|| {{right}} 1,759|| {{right}} 681
|-
| 15 || KH|| [[Khordha district|Khordha]]|| [[Khordha]]|| {{right}} 2,251,673 || {{right}} 2,813 || {{right}} 800
|-
| 16 || KJ|| [[Kendujhar district|Kendujhar]]|| [[Kendujhar]]|| {{right}} 1,802,777 || {{right}} 8,240 || {{right}} 217
|-
| 17 || KL|| [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]]|| [[Bhawanipatna]]|| {{right}} 1,573,054 || {{right}} 7,920 || {{right}} 199
|-
| 18 || KN|| [[Kandhamal district|Kandhamal]]|| [[Phulbani]]|| {{right}} 731,952|| {{right}} 8,021 || {{right}} 91
|-
| 19 || KO|| [[Koraput district|Koraput]]|| [[Koraput]]|| {{right}} 1,376,934 || {{right}} 8,807 || {{right}} 156
|-
| 20 || KP|| [[Kendrapara district|Kendrapara]]|| [[Kendrapara]]|| {{right}} 1,439,891 || {{right}} 2,644 || {{right}} 545
|-
| 21 || ML|| [[Malkangiri district|Malkangiri]]|| [[Malkangiri]]|| {{right}} 612,727 || {{right}} 5,791 || {{right}} 106
|-
| 22 || MY|| [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]|| [[Baripada]]|| {{right}} 2,513,895 || {{right}} 10,418 || {{right}} 241
|-
| 23 || NB|| [[Nabarangpur district|Nabarangpur]]|| [[Nabarangpur]]|| {{right}} 1,218,762 || {{right}} 5,294 || {{right}} 230
|-
| 24 || NU|| [[Nuapada district|Nuapada]]|| [[Nuapada]]|| {{right}} 606,490 || {{right}} 3,408 || {{right}} 157
|-
| 25 || NY|| [[Nayagarh district|Nayagarh]]|| [[Nayagarh]]|| {{right}} 962,215 || {{right}} 3,890 || {{right}} 247
|-
| 26 || PU|| [[Puri district|Puri]]|| [[Puri]]|| {{right}} 1,697,983 || {{right}} 3,051 || {{right}} 488
|-
| 27 || RA|| [[Rayagada district|Rayagada]]|| [[Rayagada]]|| {{right}} 961,959 || {{right}} 7,584.7 || {{right}} 136
|-
| 28 || SA|| [[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]]|| [[Sambalpur]]|| {{right}} 1,044,410 || {{right}} 6,702 || {{right}} 158
|-
| 29 || SO|| [[Subarnapur district|Subarnapur]]|| [[Subarnapur, Odisha|Subarnapur]]|| {{right}} 652,107 || {{right}} 2,284 || {{right}} 279
|-
| 30 || SU|| [[Sundergarh district|Sundargarh]] || [[Sundergarh]]|| {{right}} 2,080,664 || {{right}} 9,712 || {{right}} 214
|-
|}

=== Punjab (PB) ===
{{See also|Districts of Punjab (India)}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || AM|| [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]]|| [[Amritsar]]|| {{right}} 2,490,891 || {{right}} 2,673 || {{right}} 932
|-
| 2 || BNL|| [[Barnala district|Barnala]]|| [[Barnala]]|| {{right}} 596,294 || {{right}} 1,423 || {{right}} 419
|-
| 3 || BA|| [[Bathinda district|Bathinda]]|| [[Bathinda]]|| {{right}} 1,388,859 || {{right}} 3,355 || {{right}} 414
|-
| 4 || FR|| [[Faridkot district|Faridkot]]|| [[Faridkot, Punjab|Faridkot]]|| {{right}} 618,008 || {{right}} 1,472 || {{right}} 424
|-
| 5 || FT|| [[Fatehgarh Sahib district|Fatehgarh Sahib]]|| [[Fatehgarh Sahib]]|| {{right}} 599,814 || {{right}} 1,180 || {{right}} 508
|-
| 6 || FA|| [[Fazilka district|Fazilka]]{{efn|name="auto"|Fazilka district was formed in 2011, no data in census 2011 on this district.}}|| [[Fazilka]]|| {{right}}1,180,483|| {{right}} 3113 || {{right}}379
|-
| 7 || FI|| [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]]|| [[Firozpur]]|| {{right}} 2,026,831 || {{right}} 5,334 || {{right}} 380
|-
| 8 || GU|| [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]|| [[Gurdaspur]]|| {{right}} 2,299,026 || {{right}} 3,542 || {{right}} 649
|-
| 9 || HO|| [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]]|| [[Hoshiarpur]]|| {{right}} 1,582,793 || {{right}} 3,397 || {{right}} 466
|-
| 10 || JA|| [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]|| [[Jalandhar]]|| {{right}} 2,181,753 || {{right}} 2,625 || {{right}} 831
|-
| 11 || KA|| [[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]]|| [[Kapurthala]]|| {{right}} 817,668 || {{right}} 1,646 || {{right}} 501
|-
| 12 || LU|| [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]|| [[Ludhiana]]|| {{right}} 3,487,882 || {{right}} 3,744 || {{right}} 975
|-
| 13 || ML|| [[Malerkotla district|Malerkotla]] || [[Malerkotla]] || {{right}} 429,754 || {{right}} 684 || {{right}} 629
|-
| 14 || MA|| [[Mansa district, India|Mansa]]|| [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]]|| {{right}} 768,808 || {{right}} 2,174 || {{right}} 350
|-
| 15 || MO|| [[Moga district|Moga]]|| [[Moga, Punjab|Moga]]|| {{right}} 992,289 || {{right}} 2,235 || {{right}} 444
|-
| 16 || PA|| [[Pathankot district|Pathankot]]|| [[Pathankot]]|| {{right}} 626,154|| {{right}} 929|| {{right}} 674
|-
| 17 || PA|| [[Patiala district|Patiala]]|| [[Patiala]]|| {{right}} 2,892,282 || {{right}} 3,175 || {{right}} 596
|-
| 18 || RU|| [[Rupnagar district|Rupnagar]]|| [[Rupnagar]]|| {{right}} 683,349 || {{right}} 1,400 || {{right}} 488
|-
| 19 || SAS || [[Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar district|Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar]]|| [[Mohali|Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar]]|| {{right}} 986,147 || {{right}} 1,188 || {{right}} 830
|-
| 20 || SA || [[Sangrur district|Sangrur]]|| [[Sangrur]]|| {{right}} 1,654,408 || {{right}} 3,685 || {{right}} 449
|-
| 21 || PB || [[Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district|Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar]]|| [[Nawanshahr]]|| {{right}} 614,362 || {{right}} 1,283 || {{right}} 479
|-
| 22 || MU|| [[Sri Muktsar Sahib district|Sri Muktsar Sahib]]|| [[Sri Muktsar Sahib]]|| {{right}} 902,702 || {{right}} 2,596|| {{right}} 348
|-
| 23 || TT || [[Tarn Taran district|Tarn Taran]]|| [[Tarn Taran Sahib]]|| {{right}} 1,120,070 || {{right}} 2,414 || {{right}} 464
|}

{{notelist}}

=== Rajasthan (RJ) ===
{{See also|Districts of Rajasthan}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || AJ || [[Ajmer district|Ajmer]]|| [[Ajmer]]|| {{right}} 2,584,913 || {{right}} 8,481 || {{right}} 305
|-
| 2 || AL|| [[Alwar district|Alwar]]|| [[Alwar]]|| {{right}} 3,671,999 || {{right}} 8,380 || {{right}} 438
|-
| 3 || BA || [[Balotra district|Balotra]] || [[Balotra]] || {{right}} 970,760||{{right}}19,000|| {{right}} 51
|-
| 4 || BN|| [[Banswara district|Banswara]]|| [[Banswara]]|| {{right}} 1,798,194 || {{right}} 5,037 || {{right}} 399
|-
| 5 || BR|| [[Baran district|Baran]]|| [[Baran, Rajasthan|Baran]]|| {{right}} 1,223,921 || {{right}} 6,955 || {{right}} 175
|-
| 6 || BM|| [[Barmer district|Barmer]]|| [[Barmer, Rajasthan|Barmer]]|| {{right}} 2,604,453 || {{right}} 28,387 || {{right}} 92
|-
| 7 || BE || [[Beawar district|Beawar]] || [[Beawar]] || {{right}}NA || {{right}}NA || {{right}}NA
|-
| 8 || BP|| [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]]|| [[Bharatpur, India|Bharatpur]]|| {{right}} 2,549,121 || {{right}} 5,066 || {{right}} 503
|-
| 9 || BW|| [[Bhilwara district|Bhilwara]]|| [[Bhilwara]]|| {{right}} 2,410,459 || {{right}} 10,455 || {{right}} 230
|-
| 10 || BI|| [[Bikaner district|Bikaner]]|| [[Bikaner]]|| {{right}} 2,367,745 || {{right}} 27,244 || {{right}} 78
|-
| 11 || BU|| [[Bundi district|Bundi]]|| [[Bundi]]|| {{right}} 1,113,725 || {{right}} 5,550 || {{right}} 193
|-
| 12 || CT|| [[Chittorgarh district|Chittorgarh]]|| [[Chittorgarh]]|| {{right}} 1,544,392 || {{right}} 10,856 || {{right}} 193
|-
| 13 || CR|| [[Churu district|Churu]]|| [[Churu, Rajasthan|Churu]]|| {{right}} 2,041,172 || {{right}} 16,830 || {{right}} 148
|-
| 14 || DA|| [[Dausa district|Dausa]]|| [[Dausa]]|| {{right}} 1,637,226 || {{right}} 3,429|| {{right}} 476
|-
| 15 || - || [[Deeg district|Deeg]] || [[Deeg]] || {{right}} 1,072,755 || {{right}}NA || {{right}} NA
|-
| 16 || DH|| [[Dholpur district|Dholpur]]|| [[Dholpur]]|| {{right}} 1,207,293 || {{right}} 3,084 || {{right}} 398
|-
| 17 || DK || [[Didwana Kuchaman district|Didwana Kuchaman]] || [[Didwana]] || {{right}} 1,625,837 || {{right}} NA || {{right}} 239
|-
| 18 || DU || [[Dungarpur district|Dungarpur]]|| [[Dungarpur]]|| {{right}} 1,388,906 || {{right}} 3,771 || {{right}} 368
|-
| 19 || HA|| [[Hanumangarh district|Hanumangarh]]|| [[Hanumangarh]]|| {{right}} 1,779,650 || {{right}} 9,670 || {{right}} 184
|-
| 20 || JP|| [[Jaipur district|Jaipur]]|| [[Jaipur]]|| {{right}} 6,626,178 || {{right}} 11,143 || {{right}} 595
|-
| 21 || JS|| [[Jaisalmer district|Jaisalmer]]|| [[Jaisalmer]]|| {{right}} 672,008 || {{right}} 38,401 || {{right}} 17
|-
| 22 || JL|| [[Jalore district|Jalore]]|| [[Jalore]]|| {{right}} 1,830,151 || {{right}} 10,640 || {{right}} 172
|-
| 23 || JW|| [[Jhalawar district|Jhalawar]]|| [[Jhalawar]]|| {{right}} 1,411,327 || {{right}} 6,219 || {{right}} 227
|-
| 24 || JJ|| [[Jhunjhunu district|Jhunjhunu]]|| [[Jhunjhunu]]|| {{right}} 2,139,658 || {{right}} 5,928 || {{right}} 361
|-
| 25 || JO|| [[Jodhpur district|Jodhpur]]|| [[Jodhpur]]|| {{right}} 3,685,681 || {{right}} 22,850 || {{right}} 161
|-
| 26 || KA || [[Karauli district|Karauli]]|| [[Karauli]]|| {{right}} 1,458,459 || {{right}} 5,530 || {{right}} 264
|-
| 27 || KT || [[Khairthal-Tijara district|Khairthal-Tijara]] || [[Khairthal]] || {{right}} 966,821 || {{right}} NA || {{right}} NA
|-
| 28 || KO || [[Kota district|Kota]]|| [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]]|| {{right}} 1,950,491 || {{right}} 5,446 || {{right}} 374
|-
| 29 || KP || [[Kotputli-Behror district|Kotputli-Behror]] || [[Kotputli]] || {{right}} NA || {{right}} NA || {{right}} NA
|-
| 30 || NA || [[Nagaur district|Nagaur]]|| [[Nagaur]]|| {{right}} 3,309,234 || {{right}} 17,718 || {{right}} 187
|-
| 31 || PA|| [[Pali district|Pali]]|| [[Pali, Rajasthan|Pali]]|| {{right}} 2,038,533 || {{right}} 12,387 || {{right}} 165
|-
| 32 || PH || [[Phalodi district|Phalodi]] || [[Phalodi]] || {{right}} NA || {{right}} NA || {{right}} NA
|-
| 33 || PG|| [[Pratapgarh district, Rajasthan|Pratapgarh]]|| [[Pratapgarh, Rajasthan|Pratapgarh]]|| {{right}} 867,848 || {{right}} 4,112 || {{right}} 211
|-
| 34 || RA|| [[Rajsamand district|Rajsamand]]|| [[Rajsamand]]|| {{right}} 1,158,283 || {{right}} 3,853 || {{right}} 302
|-
| 35 || - || [[Salumbar district|Salumbar]] || [[Salumbar]] || {{right}} NA|| {{right}} NA || {{right}} NA
|-
| 36 || SM|| [[Sawai Madhopur district|Sawai Madhopur]]|| [[Sawai Madhopur]]|| {{right}} 1,338,114 || {{right}} 4,500 || {{right}} 257
|-
| 37 || SK|| [[Sikar district|Sikar]]|| [[Sikar]]|| {{right}} 2,677,737 || {{right}} 7,732|| {{right}} 346
|-
| 38 || SR|| [[Sirohi district|Sirohi]]|| [[Sirohi]]|| {{right}} 1,037,185 || {{right}} 5,136 || {{right}} 202
|-
| 39 || GA|| [[Sri Ganganagar district|Sri Ganganagar]]|| [[Sri Ganganagar]]|| {{right}} 1,969,520 || {{right}} 10,990 || {{right}} 179
|-
| 40 || TO|| [[Tonk district|Tonk]]|| [[Tonk, India|Tonk]]|| {{right}} 1,421,711 || {{right}} 7,194 || {{right}} 198
|-
| 41 || UD|| [[Udaipur district|Udaipur]]|| [[Udaipur]]|| {{right}} 3,067,549 || {{right}} 13,430 || {{right}} 242
|}

=== Sikkim (SK) ===
{{See also|Districts of Sikkim}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || ES|| [[East Sikkim district|Gangtok]]|| [[Gangtok]]|| {{right}} 281,293 || {{right}} 954 || {{right}} 295
|-
| 2 || WS|| [[West Sikkim district|Gyalshing]]|| [[Gyalshing]]|| {{right}} 136,299 || {{right}} 1,166 || {{right}} 117
|-
| 3 || NS|| [[North Sikkim district|Mangan]]|| [[Mangan, India|Mangan]]|| {{right}} 43,354 || {{right}} 4,226 || {{right}} 10
|-
| 4 || SS|| [[South Sikkim district|Namchi]]|| [[Namchi]]|| {{right}} 146,742 || {{right}} 750 || {{right}} 196
|-
| 5 || PS|| [[Pakyong district|Pakyong]]|| [[Pakyong]]|| {{right}} 74,583 || {{right}} 404 || {{right}} 180
|-
| 6 || || [[Soreng district|Soreng]]|| [[Soreng]] || {{right}} 64,760 || {{right}} 293 || {{right}} 221
|}

=== Tamil Nadu (TN) ===
{{See also|Districts of Tamil Nadu}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || AY|| [[Ariyalur district|Ariyalur]]|| [[Ariyalur]]|| {{right}} 752,481 || {{right}} 3,208 || {{right}} 387
|-
| 2 || CGL|| [[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu]]|| [[Chengalpattu]]|| {{right}} 2,556,244|| {{right}} 2,945|| {{right}} 868
|-
| 3 || CH|| [[Chennai district|Chennai]]|| [[Chennai]] || {{right}} 7,139,882 || {{right}} 426 || {{right}} 17,000
|-
| 4 || CO|| [[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]]|| [[Coimbatore]]|| {{right}} 3,472,578 || {{right}} 4,723 || {{right}} 748
|-
| 5 || CU|| [[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]]|| [[Cuddalore]]|| {{right}} 2,600,880 || {{right}} 3,999 || {{right}} 702
|-
| 6 || DH|| [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]]|| [[Dharmapuri]]|| {{right}} 1,502,900 || {{right}} 4,532 || {{right}} 332
|-
| 7 || DGL||[[Dindigul district|Dindigul]]|| [[Dindigul]]|| {{right}} 2,161,367 || {{right}} 6,058 || {{right}} 357
|-
| 8 || ER|| [[Erode district|Erode]]|| [[Erode]]|| {{right}} 2,259,608 || {{right}} 5,714 || {{right}} 397
|-
| 9 || KL|| [[Kallakurichi district|Kallakurichi]]|| [[Kallakurichi]]|| {{right}} 1,682,687|| {{right}} 3,520|| {{right}} 478
|-
| 10 || KC|| [[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]]|| [[Kanchipuram]]|| {{right}} 1,166,401 || {{right}} 1,656 || {{right}} 704
|-
| 11 || KK|| [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]|| [[Nagercoil]]|| {{right}} 1,863,178|| {{right}} 1,685 || {{right}} 1,106
|-
| 12 || KA|| [[Karur district|Karur]]|| [[Karur]]|| {{right}} 1,076,588 || {{right}} 2,901 || {{right}} 371
|-
| 13 || KR|| [[Krishnagiri district|Krishnagiri]]|| [[Krishnagiri]]|| {{right}} 1,883,731 || {{right}} 5,086 || {{right}} 370
|-
| 14 || MDU|| [[Madurai district|Madurai]]|| [[Madurai]]|| {{right}} 3,191,038 || {{right}} 3,676 || {{right}} 823
|-
| 15 || MLD|| [[Mayiladuthurai district|Mayiladuthurai]]|| [[Mayiladuthurai]]|| {{right}} 918,356 || {{right}}1,172|| {{right}} 784
|-
| 16 || NG|| [[Nagapattinam district|Nagapattinam]]|| [[Nagapattinam]]|| {{right}} 1,614,069 || {{right}} 2,716 || {{right}} 668
|-
| 17 || NI|| [[Nilgiris district|Nilgiris]]|| [[Ooty]]|| {{right}} 735,071 || {{right}} 2,549 || {{right}} 288
|-
| 18 || NM|| [[Namakkal district|Namakkal]]|| [[Namakkal]]|| {{right}} 1,721,179 || {{right}} 3,429 || {{right}} 506
|-
| 19 || PE|| [[Perambalur district|Perambalur]]|| [[Perambalur]]|| {{right}} 564,511 || {{right}} 1,752 || {{right}} 323
|-
| 20 || PU|| [[Pudukkottai district|Pudukkottai]]|| [[Pudukkottai]]|| {{right}} 1,918,725 || {{right}} 4,651 || {{right}} 348
|-
| 21 || RA|| [[Ramanathapuram district|Ramanathapuram]]|| [[Ramanathapuram]]|| {{right}} 1,337,560 || {{right}} 4,123 || {{right}} 320
|-
| 22 || RN|| [[Ranipet district|Ranipet]]|| [[Ranipet]]tai|| {{right}} 1,210,277|| {{right}} 2,234|| {{right}} 524
|-
| 23 || SA|| [[Salem district|Salem]]|| [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]|| {{right}} 3,480,008 || {{right}} 5,245 || {{right}} 663
|-
| 24 || SVG|| [[Sivaganga district|Sivaganga]]|| [[Sivaganga]]i|| {{right}} 1,341,250 || {{right}} 4,086 || {{right}} 324
|-
| 25 || TS|| [[Tenkasi district|Tenkasi]]|| [[Tenkasi]]|| {{right}} 14,07,627|| {{right}} 2916 || {{right}} 483
|-
| 26 || TP|| [[Tiruppur district|Tiruppur]]|| [[Tiruppur]]|| {{right}} 2,471,222 || {{right}} 5,106 || {{right}} 476
|-
| 27 || TC|| [[Tiruchirappalli district|Tiruchirappalli]]|| [[Tiruchirappalli]]|| {{right}} 2,713,858 || {{right}} 4,407 || {{right}} 602
|-
| 28 || TH|| [[Theni district|Theni]]|| [[Theni]]|| {{right}} 1,243,684 || {{right}} 3,066 || {{right}} 433
|-
| 29 || TI|| [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]]|| [[Tirunelveli]]|| {{right}} 1,665,253 || {{right}} 3,842 ||{{right}} 433
|-
| 30 || TJ|| [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]|| [[Thanjavur]]|| {{right}} 2,402,781 || {{right}} 3,397 || {{right}} 691
|-
| 31 || TK|| [[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukudi]]|| [[Thoothukudi]] || {{right}} 1,738,376 || {{right}} 4,594 || {{right}} 378
|-
| 32 || TP|| [[Tirupattur district|Tirupattur]]|| [[Tirupattur]] || {{right}} 1,111,812|| {{right}}1,798|| {{right}}618
|-
| 33 || TL|| [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]]|| [[Tiruvallur]]|| {{right}} 3,725,697 || {{right}} 3,424 || {{right}} 1,049
|-
| 34 || TR|| [[Tiruvarur district|Tiruvarur]]|| [[Thiruvarur]]|| {{right}} 1,268,094 || {{right}} 2,377 || {{right}} 533
|-
| 35 || TV|| [[Tiruvannamalai district|Tiruvannamalai]]|| [[Tiruvannaamalai]]|| {{right}} 2,468,965 || {{right}} 6,191 || {{right}} 399
|-
| 36 || VE|| [[Vellore district|Vellore]]|| [[Vellore]]|| {{right}} 1,614,242 || {{right}} 2,080 || {{right}} 776
|-
| 37 || VL|| [[Viluppuram district|Viluppuram]]|| [[Viluppuram]]|| {{right}} 2,093,003 || {{right}} 3,725 || {{right}} 562
|-
| 38 || VNR|| [[Virudhunagar district|Virudhunagar]]|| [[Virudhunagar]]|| {{right}} 1,943,309 || {{right}} 3,446 || {{right}} 454
|-
|}

=== Telangana (TG) ===
{{See also|Districts of Telangana}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || AD || [[Adilabad district|Adilabad]] || [[Adilabad]] || {{right}} 708,952|| {{right}} 4,185.97 || {{right}} 171
|-
| 2 || BK ||[[Bhadradri Kothagudem]] || [[Kothagudem]] || {{right}} 1,304,811 || {{right}} 8,951.00 || {{right}} 143
|-
| 3 || {{dash}}||[[Warangal Urban district|Hanamkonda]]||[[Hanamkonda]]|| {{right}} 1,135,707 || {{right}} 1,304.50 || {{right}} 826
|-
| 4 || HY|| [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad]] || [[Hyderabad]] || {{right}} 3,943,323 || {{right}}217 || {{right}} 18,172
|-
| 5 || {{dash}} ||[[Jagitial district|Jagtial]] || [[Jagtial]] || {{right}} 983,414 || {{right}} 3,043.23 || {{right}} 407
|-
| 6 || {{dash}} ||[[Jangaon district|Jangaon]] || [[Jangaon]] || {{right}} 582,457 || {{right}} 2,187.50 || {{right}} 259
|-
| 7 || {{dash}} ||[[Jayashankar Bhupalpally district|Jayashankar Bhupalpally]] || [[Bhupalpally]] || {{right}} 712,257 || {{right}} 6,361.70 || {{right}} 115
|-
| 8 || {{dash}} ||[[Jogulamba Gadwal]] || [[Gadwal]] || {{right}} 664,971 || {{right}} 2,928.00 || {{right}} 208
|-
| 9 || {{dash}} ||[[Kamareddy district|Kamareddy]] || [[Kamareddy]] || {{right}} 972,625 || {{right}} 3,651.00 || {{right}} 266
|-
| 10 || KA|| [[Karimnagar district|Karimnagar]]|| [[Karimnagar]]|| {{right}} 1,016,063 || {{right}} 2,379.07 || {{right}} 473
|-
| 11 || KH|| [[Khammam district|Khammam]] || [[Khammam]]|| {{right}} 1,401,639 || {{right}} 4,453.00 || {{right}} 321
|-
| 12 || {{dash}} ||[[Komaram Bheem district|Kumuram Bheem Asifabad]] || [[Asifabad, Telangana|Asifabad]] || {{right}} 515,835|| {{right}} 4,300.16|| {{right}} 106
|-
| 13 || {{dash}} ||[[Mahabubabad district|Mahabubabad]] || [[Mahabubabad]] || {{right}} 770,170 || {{right}} 2,876.70 || {{right}} 269
|-
| 14 || MA|| [[Mahabub Nagar district|Mahbubnagar]]|| [[Mahbubnagar]]|| {{right}} 1,318,110 || {{right}} 4,037.00 || {{right}} 281
|-
| 15 || {{dash}} ||[[Mancherial district|Mancherial]] || [[Mancherial]] || {{right}} 807,037 || {{right}} 4,056.36 || {{right}} 201
|-
| 16 || ME|| [[Medak district|Medak]] || [[Medak]] || {{right}} 767,428 || {{right}} 2,740.89 || {{right}} 275
|-
| 17 || {{dash}} ||[[Medchal–Malkajgiri]] || [[Shamirpet]] || {{right}} 2,542,203 || {{right}} 5,005.98 || {{right}} 2,251
|-
| 18 || {{dash}} ||[[Mulugu district|Mulugu]] || [[Mulugu]] || {{right}} 2,94,671 || {{right}} 3,881 || {{right}} 124
|-
| 19 || NA||[[Nalgonda district|Nalgonda]]||[[Nalgonda]]|| {{right}} 1,631,399 || {{right}} 2,449.79 || {{right}} 227
|-
| 20 || {{dash}} ||[[Nagarkurnool district|Nagarkurnool]]||[[Nagarkurnool]]|| {{right}} 893,308 || {{right}} 6,545.00 || {{right}} 124
|-
| 21 || {{dash}} ||[[Narayanpet district|Narayanpet]] ||[[Narayanpet]] ||{{right}} 5,66,874 || {{right}} 2336.44 || {{right}} 243
|-
| 22 || {{dash}} ||[[Nirmal district|Nirmal]]||[[Nirmal]]|| {{right}} 709,415 || {{right}} 3,562.51 || {{right}} 185
|-
| 23 || NI||[[Nizamabad district|Nizamabad]]||[[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]]|| {{right}} 1,534,428 || {{right}} 4,153.00 || {{right}} 366
|-
| 24 || {{dash}} ||[[Peddapalli district|Peddapalli]]||[[Peddapalli]]|| {{right}} 795,332 || {{right}} 4,614.74 || {{right}} 356
|-
| 25 || {{dash}} ||[[Rajanna Sircilla]]||[[Sircilla]]|| {{right}} 546,121 || {{right}} 2,030.89 || {{right}} 273
|-
| 26 || RA||[[Ranga Reddy district|Ranga Reddy]]||[[Hyderabad]]|| {{right}} 2,551,731 || {{right}} 5,031.00 || {{right}} 486
|-
| 27 || {{dash}} ||[[Sangareddy district|Sangareddy]]||[[Sangareddy]]|| {{right}} 1,527,628 || {{right}} 4,464.87 || {{right}} 347
|-
| 28 || {{dash}} ||[[Siddipet district|Siddipet]]||[[Siddipet]]|| {{right}} 993,376 || {{right}} 3,425.19 || {{right}} 279
|-
| 29 || {{dash}} ||[[Suryapet district|Suryapet]]||[[Suryapet]]|| {{right}} 1,099,560 || {{right}} 3,374.47 || {{right}} 305
|-
| 30 || {{dash}} ||[[Vikarabad district|Vikarabad]]||[[Vikarabad]]|| {{right}} 881,250 || {{right}} 3,385.00 || {{right}} 274
|-
| 31 || {{dash}} ||[[Wanaparthy district|Wanaparthy]]||[[Wanaparthy]]|| {{right}} 751,553 || {{right}} 2,938.00 || {{right}} 268
|-
| 32 || WL||[[Warangal Rural district|Warangal]]||[[Warangal]]|| {{right}} 716,457 || {{right}} 2,175.50 || {{right}} 330
|-
| 33 || {{dash}} ||[[Yadadri Bhuvanagiri]]||[[Bhongir]]|| {{right}} 726,465 || {{right}} 3,091.48 || {{right}} 239
|-
|}

{{notelist}}

=== Tripura (TR) ===
{{See also|Districts of Tripura}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || DH|| [[Dhalai district|Dhalai]]|| [[Ambassa]]|| {{right}} 377,988 || {{right}} 2,400 || {{right}} 157
|-
| 2 || GM|| [[Gomati district|Gomati]]|| [[Udaipur, Tripura|Udaipur]]|| {{right}} 436,868 || {{right}} 1522.8 || {{right}} 287
|-
| 3 || KH|| [[Khowai district|Khowai]]{{efn|name="auto1"|Khowai district of Tripura did not exist during census 2011.}}|| [[Khowai]]|| {{right}} 327,391 || {{right}} 1005.67 || {{right}} 326
|-
| 4 || NT|| [[North Tripura district|North Tripura]]|| [[Dharmanagar]]|| {{right}} 415,946 || {{right}} 1444.5 || {{right}} 288
|-
| 5 || SP|| [[Sipahijala district|Sepahijala]]{{efn|name="auto2"|Sepahijala district of Tripura did not exist during census 2011.}}|| [[Bishramganj]]|| {{right}} 484,233 || {{right}} 1044.78 || {{right}} 463
|-
| 6 || ST|| [[South Tripura district|South Tripura]]|| [[Belonia, India|Belonia]]|| {{right}} 433,737 || {{right}} 1534.2 || {{right}} 283
|-
| 7 || UK|| [[Unakoti district|Unakoti]]{{efn|name="auto3"|Unakoti district of Tripura did not exist during census 2011.}}|| [[Kailashahar]]|| {{right}} 277,335 || {{right}} 591.93 || {{right}} 469
|-
| 8 || WT|| [[West Tripura district|West Tripura]]|| [[Agartala]]|| {{right}} 917,534 || {{right}} 942.55 || {{right}} 973
|-
|}

{{notelist}}

=== Uttar Pradesh (UP) ===
{{See also|Districts of Uttar Pradesh}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || AG|| [[Agra district|Agra]]|| [[Agra]]|| {{right}} 4,380,793 || {{right}} 4,027 || {{right}} 1,084
|-
| 2 || AL|| [[Aligarh district|Aligarh]]|| [[Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh|Aligarh]]|| {{right}} 3,673,849 || {{right}} 3,747 || {{right}} 1,007
|-
| 3 || AN|| [[Ambedkar Nagar district|Ambedkar Nagar]]|| [[Akbarpur, Ambedkar Nagar|Akbarpur]]|| {{right}} 2,398,709 || {{right}} 2,372 || {{right}} 1,021
|-
| 4 || AM|| [[Amethi district|Amethi]]|| [[Gauriganj]]||{{right}} 2,549,935 ||{{right}} 3,063|| {{right}} 830
|-
| 5 || JP|| [[Amroha district|Amroha]]|| [[Amroha]]|| {{right}} 1,838,771 || {{right}} 2,321 || {{right}} 818
|-
| 6 || AU|| [[Auraiya district|Auraiya]]|| [[Auraiya]]|| {{right}} 1,372,287 || {{right}} 2,051 || {{right}} 681
|-
| 7 || FZ|| [[Faizabad district|Ayodhya]]|| [[Ayodhya]]|| {{right}} 2,468,371 || {{right}} 2,765 || {{right}} 1,054
|-
| 8 || AZ|| [[Azamgarh district|Azamgarh]]|| [[Azamgarh]]|| {{right}} 4,616,509 || {{right}} 4,053 || {{right}} 1,139
|-
| 9 || BG|| [[Bagpat district|Bagpat]]|| [[Baghpat]]|| {{right}} 1,302,156 || {{right}} 1,345 || {{right}} 986
|-
| 10 || BH|| [[Bahraich district|Bahraich]]|| [[Bahraich]]|| {{right}} 2,384,239|| {{right}} 4,926 || {{right}} 415
|-
| 11 || BL|| [[Ballia district|Ballia]]|| [[Ballia]]|| {{right}} 3,223,642 || {{right}} 2,981 || {{right}} 1,081
|-
| 12 || BP|| [[Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh|Balrampur]]|| [[Balrampur]]|| {{right}} 2,149,066 || {{right}} 3,349 || {{right}} 642
|-
| 13 || BN|| [[Banda district (India)|Banda]]|| [[Banda, Uttar Pradesh|Banda]]|| {{right}} 1,799,541 || {{right}} 4,413 || {{right}} 404
|-
| 14 || BB|| [[Barabanki district|Barabanki]]|| [[Barabanki city|Barabanki]]|| {{right}} 3,257,983 || {{right}} 3,825 || {{right}} 739
|-
| 15 || BR|| [[Bareilly district|Bareilly]]|| [[Bareilly]]|| {{right}} 4,465,344 || {{right}} 4,120 || {{right}} 1,084
|-
| 16 || BS|| [[Basti district|Basti]]|| [[Basti, Uttar Pradesh|Basti]]|| {{right}} 2,461,056 || {{right}} 2,687 || {{right}} 916
|-
| 17 || BH||[[Bhadohi district|Bhadohi]]||[[Gyanpur]]|| {{right}} 1,554,203 || {{right}} 960 || {{right}} 1,531
|-
| 18 || BI|| [[Bijnor district|Bijnor]]|| [[Bijnor]]|| {{right}} 3,683,896 || {{right}} 4,561 || {{right}} 808
|-
| 19 || BD|| [[Budaun district|Budaun]]|| [[Budaun]]|| {{right}} 3,712,738 || {{right}} 5,168 || {{right}} 718
|-
| 20 || BU|| [[Bulandshahr district|Bulandshahr]]|| [[Bulandshahr]]|| {{right}} 3,498,507 || {{right}} 3,719 || {{right}} 788
|-
| 21 || CD|| [[Chandauli district|Chandauli]]|| [[Chandauli]]|| {{right}} 1,952,713 || {{right}} 2,554 || {{right}} 768
|-
| 22 || CT|| [[Chitrakoot district|Chitrakoot]]|| [[Chitrakoot Dham (Karwi)|Karwi]]|| {{right}} 990,626 || {{right}} 3,202 || {{right}} 315
|-
| 23 || DE|| [[Deoria district|Deoria]]|| [[Deoria, Uttar Pradesh|Deoria]]|| {{right}} 3,098,637 || {{right}} 2,535 || {{right}} 1,220
|-
| 24 || ET|| [[Etah district|Etah]]|| [[Etah]]|| {{right}} 1,761,152 || {{right}} 2,456 || {{right}} 717
|-
| 25 || EW|| [[Etawah district|Etawah]]|| [[Etawah]]|| {{right}} 1,579,160 || {{right}} 2,287 || {{right}} 683
|-
| 26 || FR|| [[Farrukhabad district|Farrukhabad]]|| [[Fatehgarh]]|| {{right}} 1,887,577 || {{right}} 2,279 || {{right}} 865
|-
| 27 || FT|| [[Fatehpur district|Fatehpur]]|| [[Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh|Fatehpur]] || {{right}} 2,632,684 || {{right}} 4,152 || {{right}} 634
|-
| 28 || FI|| [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]|| [[Firozabad]]|| {{right}} 2,496,761 || {{right}} 2,361 || {{right}} 1,044
|-
| 29 || GB|| [[Gautam Buddh Nagar district|Gautam Buddha Nagar]]|| [[Noida]]|| {{right}} 1,674,714 || {{right}} 1,269 || {{right}} 1,252
|-
| 30 || GZ|| [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad]]|| [[Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh|Ghaziabad]]|| {{right}} 4,661,452 || {{right}} 1,175 || {{right}} 3,967
|-
| 31 || GP|| [[Ghazipur district|Ghazipur]]|| [[Ghazipur]] || {{right}} 3,622,727 || {{right}} 3,377 || {{right}} 1,072
|-
| 32 || GN|| [[Gonda district|Gonda]]|| [[Gonda, Uttar Pradesh|Gonda]]|| {{right}} 3,431,386 || {{right}} 4,425 || {{right}} 857
|-
| 33 || GR|| [[Gorakhpur district|Gorakhpur]]|| [[Gorakhpur]]|| {{right}} 4,436,275 || {{right}} 3,325 || {{right}} 1,336
|-
| 34 || HM|| [[Hamirpur district, Uttar Pradesh|Hamirpur]]|| [[Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh|Hamirpur]]|| {{right}} 1,104,021 || {{right}} 4,325 || {{right}} 268
|-
| 35 || PN|| [[Hapur district|Hapur]]|| [[Hapur]]|| {{right}} 1,338,211|| {{right}} 660|| {{right}} 2,028
|-
| 36 || HR|| [[Hardoi district|Hardoi]]|| [[Hardoi]]|| {{right}} 4,091,380 || {{right}} 5,986 || {{right}} 683
|-
| 37 || HT|| [[Hathras district|Hathras]]|| [[Hathras]]|| {{right}} 1,565,678 || {{right}} 1,752 || {{right}} 851
|-
| 38 || JL|| [[Jalaun district|Jalaun]]|| [[Orai]]|| {{right}} 1,670,718 || {{right}} 4,565 || {{right}} 366
|-
| 39 || JU|| [[Jaunpur district|Jaunpur]]|| [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]]|| {{right}} 4,476,072 || {{right}} 4,038 || {{right}} 1,108
|-
| 40 || JH|| [[Jhansi district|Jhansi]]|| [[Jhansi]]|| {{right}} 2,000,755 || {{right}} 5,024 || {{right}} 398
|-
| 41 || KJ|| [[Kannauj district|Kannauj]]|| [[Kannauj]]|| {{right}} 1,658,005 || {{right}} 1,993 || {{right}} 792
|-
| 42 || KD|| [[Kanpur Dehat district|Kanpur Dehat]]|| [[Akbarpur, Kanpur Dehat|Akbarpur]]|| {{right}} 1,795,092 || {{right}} 3,021 || {{right}} 594
|-
| 43 || KN|| [[Kanpur Nagar district|Kanpur Nagar]]|| [[Kanpur]]|| {{right}} 4,572,951 || {{right}} 3,156 || {{right}} 1,415
|-
| 44 || KR || [[Kasganj district|Kasganj]]|| [[Kasganj]]|| {{right}} 1,438,156 || {{right}} 1,955 || {{right}} 736
|-
| 45 || KS|| [[Kaushambi district|Kaushambi]]|| [[Manjhanpur]]|| {{right}} 1,596,909 || {{right}} 1,837 || {{right}} 897
|-
| 46 || KU|| [[Kushinagar district|Kushinagar]]|| [[Padrauna]]|| {{right}} 3,560,830 || {{right}} 2,909 || {{right}} 1,226
|-
| 47 || LK|| [[Lakhimpur Kheri District|Lakhimpur Kheri]]|| [[Lakhimpur, Uttar Pradesh|Lakhimpur]]|| {{right}} 4,013,634 || {{right}} 7,674 || {{right}} 523
|-
| 48 || LA|| [[Lalitpur district, India|Lalitpur]]|| [[Lalitpur, India|Lalitpur]]|| {{right}} 1,218,002 || {{right}} 5,039 || {{right}} 242
|-
| 49 || LU|| [[Lucknow district|Lucknow]]|| [[Lucknow]]|| {{right}} 4,588,455 || {{right}} 2,528 || {{right}} 1,815
|-
| 50 || MG|| [[Maharajganj district|Maharajganj]]|| [[Mahrajganj, Uttar Pradesh|Maharajganj]]|| {{right}} 2,665,292 || {{right}} 2,953 || {{right}} 903
|-
| 51 || MH|| [[Mahoba district|Mahoba]]|| [[Mahoba]]|| {{right}} 876,055 || {{right}} 2,847 || {{right}} 288
|-
| 52 || MP|| [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]]|| [[Mainpuri]]|| {{right}} 1,847,194 || {{right}} 2,760 || {{right}} 670
|-
| 53 || MT|| [[Mathura district|Mathura]]|| [[Mathura]]|| {{right}} 2,541,894 || {{right}} 3,333 || {{right}} 761
|-
| 54 || MB|| [[Mau district|Mau]]|| [[Mau, Uttar Pradesh|Mau]]|| {{right}} 2,205,170 || {{right}} 1,713 || {{right}} 1,287
|-
| 55 || ME|| [[Meerut district|Meerut]]|| [[Meerut]]|| {{right}} 3,447,405 || {{right}} 2,522 || {{right}} 1,342
|-
| 56 || MI|| [[Mirzapur district|Mirzapur]]|| [[Mirzapur]]|| {{right}} 2,494,533 || {{right}} 4,522 || {{right}} 561
|-
| 57 || MO|| [[Moradabad district|Moradabad]]|| [[Moradabad]]|| {{right}} 4,773,138 || {{right}} 3,718 || {{right}} 1,284
|-
| 58 || MU|| [[Muzaffarnagar district|Muzaffarnagar]]|| [[Muzaffarnagar]]|| {{right}} 4,138,605 || {{right}} 4,008 || {{right}} 1,033
|-
| 59 || PI|| [[Pilibhit district|Pilibhit]]|| [[Pilibhit]]|| {{right}} 2,037,225 || {{right}} 3,499 || {{right}} 567
|-
| 60 || PR|| [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]]|| [[Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]]|| {{right}} 3,173,752 || {{right}} 3,717 || {{right}} 854
|-
| 61 || AH|| [[Allahabad district|Prayagraj]]|| [[Allahabad|Prayagraj]]|| {{right}} 5,959,798|| {{right}} 5,481 || {{right}} 1,087
|-
| 62 || RB|| [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]|| [[Raebareli]]|| {{right}} 3,404,004 || {{right}} 4,609 || {{right}} 739
|-
| 63 || RA|| [[Rampur district|Rampur]]|| [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]]|| {{right}} 2,335,398 || {{right}} 2,367 || {{right}} 987
|-
| 64 || SA|| [[Saharanpur district|Saharanpur]]|| [[Saharanpur]]|| {{right}} 3,464,228 || {{right}} 3,689 || {{right}} 939
|-
| 65 || SM|| [[Sambhal district|Sambhal]]||[[Sambhal]]|| {{right}} 2,217,020|| {{right}} 2453 ||{{right}} 890
|-
| 66 || SK|| [[Sant Kabir Nagar district|Sant Kabir Nagar]]|| [[Khalilabad, India|Khalilabad]]|| {{right}} 1,714,300 || {{right}} 1,442|| {{right}} 1,014
|-
| 67 || SJ|| [[Shahjahanpur district|Shahjahanpur]]|| [[Shahjahanpur]]|| {{right}} 3,002,376 || {{right}} 4,575 || {{right}} 673
|-
| 68 || SH || [[Shamli district|Shamli]]<ref name="auto5">Shamli district of Uttar Pradesh was formerly named Prabudh Nagar district, which did not exist during census 2011.</ref> || [[Shamli]]|| {{right}} 1,274,815|| {{right}}1,063 || {{right}} 1,200
|-
| 69 || SV|| [[Shravasti district|Shravasti]]|| [[Sravasti|Shravasti]]|| {{right}} 1,114,615 || {{right}} 1,948 || {{right}} 572
|-
| 70 || SN|| [[Siddharthnagar district|Siddharthnagar]]|| [[Naugarh]]|| {{right}} 2,553,526 || {{right}} 2,751 || {{right}} 882
|-
| 71 || SI|| [[Sitapur district|Sitapur]]|| [[Sitapur]]|| {{right}} 4,474,446 || {{right}} 5,743 || {{right}} 779
|-
| 72 || SO|| [[Sonbhadra district|Sonbhadra]]|| [[Robertsganj]]|| {{right}} 1,862,612 || {{right}} 6,788 || {{right}} 274
|-
| 73 || SU|| [[Sultanpur district|Sultanpur]]|| [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpur]]|| {{right}} 3,790,922 || {{right}} 4,436 || {{right}} 855
|-
| 74 || UN|| [[Unnao district|Unnao]]|| [[Unnao]]|| {{right}} 3,110,595 || {{right}} 4,561 || {{right}} 682
|-
| 75 || VA|| [[Varanasi district|Varanasi]]|| [[Varanasi]]|| {{right}} 3,682,194 || {{right}} 1,535 || {{right}} 2,399
|-
|}

=== Uttarakhand (UK) ===
{{See also|Districts of Uttarakhand}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || AL|| [[Almora district|Almora]]||[[Almora]] || {{right}} 621,927 || {{right}} 3,090 || {{right}} 198
|-
| 2 || BA|| [[Bageshwar district|Bageshwar]]|| [[Bageshwar]]|| {{right}} 259,840 || {{right}} 2,310 || {{right}} 116
|-
| 3 || CL|| [[Chamoli district|Chamoli]]|| [[Chamoli Gopeshwar|Gopeshwar]]|| {{right}} 391,114 || {{right}} 7,692 || {{right}} 49
|-
| 4 || CP|| [[Champawat district|Champawat]]|| [[Champawat]]|| {{right}} 259,315 || {{right}} 1,781 || {{right}} 147
|-
| 5 || DD|| [[Dehradun district|Dehradun]]|| [[Dehradun]]|| {{right}} 1,698,560 || {{right}} 3,088 || {{right}} 550
|-
| 6 || HA|| [[Haridwar district|Haridwar]]|| [[Haridwar]]|| {{right}} 1,927,029 || {{right}} 2,360 || {{right}} 817
|-
| 7 || NA|| [[Nainital district|Nainital]]|| [[Nainital]]|| {{right}} 955,128 || {{right}} 3,853 || {{right}} 225
|-
| 8 || PG|| [[Pauri Garhwal district|Pauri Garhwal]]|| [[Pauri]]|| {{right}} 686,527 || {{right}} 5,438 || {{right}} 129
|-
| 9 || PI|| [[Pithoragarh district|Pithoragarh]]|| [[Pithoragarh]]|| {{right}} 485,993 || {{right}} 7,110 || {{right}} 69
|-
| 10 || RP|| [[Rudraprayag district|Rudraprayag]]|| [[Rudraprayag]]|| {{right}} 236,857 || {{right}} 1,896 || {{right}} 119
|-
| 11 || TG|| [[Tehri Garhwal district|Tehri Garhwal]]|| [[Tehri|New Tehri]]|| {{right}} 616,409 || {{right}} 4,085 || {{right}} 169
|-
| 12 || US|| [[Udham Singh Nagar district|Udham Singh Nagar]]|| [[Rudrapur, Uttarakhand|Rudrapur]]|| {{right}} 1,648,367 || {{right}} 2,912 || {{right}} 648
|-
| 13 || UT|| [[Uttarkashi district|Uttarkashi]]|| [[Uttarkashi]]|| {{right}} 329,686 || {{right}} 7,951 || {{right}} 41
|}

=== West Bengal (WB) ===
{{See also|Districts of West Bengal}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || AD|| [[Alipurduar district|Alipurduar]]|| [[Alipurduar]]|| {{right}} 1,501,983 || {{right}} 3,136 || {{right}} 479
|-
| 2 || BN|| [[Bankura district|Bankura]]|| [[Bankura]]|| {{right}} 3,596,292 || {{right}} 6,882 || {{right}} 523
|-
| 3 || BI|| [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]]|| [[Suri, Birbhum|Suri]]|| {{right}} 3,502,387 || {{right}} 4,545 || {{right}} 771
|-
| 4 || KB|| [[Cooch Behar district|Cooch Behar]]|| [[Cooch Behar]]|| {{right}} 2,822,780 || {{right}} 3,387 || {{right}} 833
|-
| 5 || DD|| [[Dakshin Dinajpur district|Dakshin Dinajpur]]|| [[Balurghat]]|| {{right}} 1,670,931 || {{right}} 2,183 || {{right}} 753
|-
| 6 || DA|| [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]|| [[Darjeeling]]|| {{right}} 1,595,181 || {{right}} 2,093 || {{right}} 762
|-
| 7 || HG|| [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]]|| [[Hugli-Chuchura|Chinsurah]]|| {{right}} 5,520,389 || {{right}} 3,149 || {{right}} 1,753
|-
| 8 || HR|| [[Howrah district|Howrah]]|| [[Howrah]]|| {{right}} 4,841,638 || {{right}} 1,467 || {{right}} 3,300
|-
| 9 || JA|| [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]]|| [[Jalpaiguri]]|| {{right}} 3,869,675 || {{right}} 6,227 || {{right}} 621
|-
| 10 || JH|| [[Jhargram district|Jhargram]]|| [[Jhargram]]|| {{right}} 1,136,548 || {{right}} 3,038 || {{right}} 374
|-
| 11 || KA|| [[Kalimpong district|Kalimpong]]|| [[Kalimpong]]|| {{right}} 251,642 || {{right}} 1,054 || {{right}} 239
|-
| 12 || KO|| [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]]|| [[Kolkata]]|| {{right}} 4,486,679 || {{right}} 206.08 || {{right}} 24,252
|-
| 13 || MA|| [[Maldah district|Maldah]]|| [[English Bazar]]|| {{right}} 3,997,970 || {{right}} 3,733 || {{right}} 1,071
|-
| 14 || MSD|| [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]]|| [[Baharampur]]|| {{right}} 7,102,430 || {{right}} 5,324 || {{right}} 1,334
|-
| 15 || NA|| [[Nadia district|Nadia]]|| [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]]|| {{right}} 5,168,488 || {{right}} 3,927 || {{right}} 1,316
|-
| 16 || PN|| [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]|| [[Barasat]]|| {{right}} 10,082,852 || {{right}} 4,094 || {{right}} 2,463
|-
| 17 || BR|| [[Paschim Bardhaman district|Paschim Bardhaman]]|| [[Asansol]]|| {{right}} 2,882,031|| {{right}} 1,603 || {{right}} 1,798
|-
| 18 || PM || [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]|| [[Midnapore]]|| {{right}} 4,776,909 || {{right}} 6,308 || {{right}} 757
|-
| 19 || BR|| [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]|| [[Bardhaman]]|| {{right}} 4,835,532 || {{right}} 5,433 || {{right}} 890
|-
| 20 || PR || [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]|| [[Tamluk]]|| {{right}} 5,095,875 || {{right}} 4,736 || {{right}} 1,076
|-
| 21 || PU|| [[Purulia district|Purulia]]|| [[Purulia]]|| {{right}} 2,927,965 || {{right}} 6,259 || {{right}} 468
|-
| 22 || PS|| [[South 24 Parganas]]|| [[Alipore]]|| {{right}} 8,161,961 || {{right}} 9,960 || {{right}} 819
|-
| 23 || UD|| [[Uttar Dinajpur district|Uttar Dinajpur]]|| [[Raiganj]]|| {{right}} 3,000,849 || {{right}} 3,180 || {{right}} 956
|}

== Union territories ==
=== Andaman and Nicobar (AN) ===
{{See also|Districts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011){{sfn|''Andaman & Nicobar Islands''|2011|pp= 62, 63}}
! Area (km2){{sfn|''Andaman & Nicobar Islands''|2011|p= 28}}
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />{{sfn|''Andaman & Nicobar Islands''|2011|p= 65}}
|-
| 1 || NI || [[Nicobar district|Nicobar]]|| [[Car Nicobar]]|| {{right}}{{formatnum:36842}}|| {{right}}{{formatnum:1841}}|| {{right}}20
|-
| 2 || NA || [[North and Middle Andaman district|North and Middle Andaman]]|| [[Mayabunder]]|| {{right}}{{formatnum:105597}}|| {{right}}{{formatnum:3736}}|| {{right}}28
|-
| 3 || SA || [[South Andaman district|South Andaman]]|| [[Port Blair]]|| {{right}}{{formatnum:238142}}|| {{right}}{{formatnum:2672}}|| {{right}}89
|-
|}

=== Chandigarh (CH) ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)<ref name=censusdist2011 />{{sfn|''Chandigarh''|2011|p= 36}}
! Area (km2){{sfn|''Chandigarh''|2011|p= 20}}
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />{{sfn|''Chandigarh''|2011|p= 21}}
|-
| 1 || CH || [[Chandigarh district|Chandigarh]]|| [[Chandigarh]]|| {{right}} {{formatnum:1055450}}|| {{right}} {{formatnum:114}}|| {{right}} {{formatnum:9258}}
|}

=== Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (DD) ===
{{See also|Districts of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || DN || [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli district|Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]|| [[Silvassa]]|| {{right}} {{formatnum:343709}} || {{right}} {{formatnum:491}} || {{right}} {{formatnum:700}}
|-
| 2 || DA || [[Daman district, India|Daman]]|| [[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]]|| {{right}} {{formatnum:191173}}{{sfn|''Daman''|2011|p=47}} || {{right}} {{formatnum:72}}{{sfn|''Daman''|2011|p=20}} || {{right}} {{formatnum:2651}}
|-
| 3 || DI || [[Diu district|Diu]]|| [[Diu, India|Diu]]|| {{right}} {{formatnum:52074}}{{sfn|''Diu''|2011|p=45}} || {{right}} {{formatnum:39}}{{sfn|''Diu''|2011|p=20}} || {{right}} {{formatnum:2058}}
|}

=== Jammu and Kashmir (JK) ===
{{See also|Districts of Jammu and Kashmir}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || AN|| [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]|| [[Anantnag]]|| {{right}} 1,070,144 || {{right}} 2853 || {{right}} 375
|-
| 2 || BD|| [[Budgam district|Budgam]]|| [[Budgam]]|| {{right}} 735,753 || {{right}} 1406 || {{right}} 537
|-
| 3 || BPR ||[[Bandipora district|Bandipore]]||[[Bandipore]]|| {{right}} 385,099 || {{right}} 3,010|| {{right}} 128
|-
| 4 || BR|| [[Baramulla district|Baramulla]]|| [[Baramulla]]|| {{right}} 1,015,503 || {{right}} 3329 || {{right}} 305
|-
| 5 || DO|| [[Doda district|Doda]]|| [[Doda, Jammu and Kashmir|Doda]]|| {{right}} 409,576 || {{right}} 2,625 || {{right}} 79
|-
| 6 || GB||[[Ganderbal district|Ganderbal]] || [[Ganderbal]] || {{right}} 297,003 || {{right}} 1979|| {{right}} 151
|-
| 7 || JA|| [[Jammu district|Jammu]]|| [[Jammu]]|| {{right}} 1,526,406|| {{right}} 3,097|| {{right}} 596
|-
| 8 || KT|| [[Kathua district|Kathua]]|| [[Kathua]]|| {{right}} 615,711 || {{right}} 2,651|| {{right}} 232
|-
| 9 || KW|| [[Kishtwar district|Kishtwar]] ||[[Kishtwar]]|| {{right}} 230,696 || {{right}} 7,737|| {{right}} 30
|-
| 10 || KG|| [[Kulgam district|Kulgam]]|| [[Kulgam]] || {{right}} 422,786 || {{right}} 457|| {{right}} 925
|-
| 11 || KU|| [[Kupwara district|Kupwara]]|| [[Kupwara]] || {{right}} 875,564|| {{right}} 2,379|| {{right}} 368
|-
| 12 || PO|| [[Poonch district, India|Poonch]]|| [[Poonch (town)|Poonch]]|| {{right}} 476,820 || {{right}} 1,674|| {{right}} 285
|-
| 13 || PU|| [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]]|| [[Pulwama]]|| {{right}} 570,060 || {{right}} 1,398|| {{right}} 598
|-
| 14 || RA|| [[Rajauri district|Rajouri]]|| [[Rajouri]]|| {{right}} 619,266 || {{right}} 2,630|| {{right}} 235
|-
| 15 || RB|| [[Ramban district|Ramban]]|| [[Ramban (Jammu and Kashmir)|Ramban]]|| {{right}} 283,313 || {{right}} 1,330 || {{right}} 213
|-
| 16 || RS|| [[Reasi district|Reasi]] || [[Reasi]] || {{right}} 314,714 || {{right}} 1710 || {{right}} 184
|-
| 17 || SB|| [[Samba district|Samba]]|| [[Samba, Jammu|Samba]]|| {{right}} 318,611|| {{right}} 913 || {{right}} 318
|-
| 18 || SH|| [[Shopian district|Shopian]] || [[Shopian]] || {{right}} 265,960 || {{right}} 312 || {{right}} 852
|-
| 19 || SR|| [[Srinagar district|Srinagar]]|| [[Srinagar]]|| {{right}} 1,269,751 || {{right}} 2,228|| {{right}} 703
|-
| 20 || UD|| [[Udhampur district|Udhampur]]|| [[Udhampur]]|| {{right}} 555,357 || {{right}} 4,550|| {{right}} 211
|-
|}

=== Ladakh (LA) ===
{{See also|Districts of Ladakh}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || KR|| [[Kargil district|Kargil]] || [[Kargil town|Kargil]]|| {{right}} 143,388 || {{right}} 14,036|| {{right}} 10
|-
| 2 || LE|| [[Leh district|Leh]]|| [[Leh]]|| {{right}} 133,487 || {{right}} 45,110|| {{right}} 3
|}

=== Lakshadweep (LD) ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || LD || [[Lakshadweep]]|| [[Kavaratti]]|| {{right}} {{formatnum:64473}}{{sfn|''Lakshadweep''|2011|p=42}} || {{right}} {{formatnum:30}}{{sfn|''Lakshadweep''|2011|p=15}} || {{right}} {{formatnum:2149}}{{sfn|''Lakshadweep''|2011|p=43}}
|-
|}

=== National Capital Territory of Delhi (DL) ===
{{See also|Districts of Delhi}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011){{sfn|''Delhi''|2011|p=57}}
! Area (km2){{citation needed|date=May 2019}}
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />{{sfn|''Delhi''|2011|p=58}}
|-
| 1 || CD || [[Central Delhi]] || [[Daryaganj]] || {{right}} {{formatnum:582320}} || {{right}} 25 || {{right}} {{formatnum:27730}}
|-
| 2 || ED || [[East Delhi]] || [[Preet Vihar]] || {{right}} {{formatnum:1709346}} || {{right}} 440 || {{right}} {{formatnum:27132}}
|-
| 3 || ND || [[New Delhi]] || [[Connaught Place, New Delhi|Connaught Place]] || {{right}} {{formatnum:142004}} || {{right}} 22 || {{right}} {{formatnum:4057}}
|-
| 4 || NO || [[North Delhi]] || [[Sadar Bazaar, Delhi|Sadar Bazaar]] || {{right}} {{formatnum:887978}} || {{right}} 59 || {{right}} {{formatnum:14557}}
|-
| 5 || NE || [[North East Delhi]] || [[Seelampur]] || {{right}} {{formatnum:2241624}} || {{right}} 52 || {{right}} {{formatnum:36155}}
|-
| 6 || NW || [[North West Delhi]] || [[Kanjhawala]] || {{right}} {{formatnum:3656539}}|| {{right}} 130 || {{right}} {{formatnum:8254}}
|-
| 7 || SH || [[Shahdara district|Shahdara]] || [[Nand Nagri]] || {{dash}} || {{right}} 59.75 || {{dash}}
|-
| 8 || SD || [[South Delhi]] || [[Saket (Delhi)|Saket]] || {{right}} {{formatnum:2731929}} || {{right}} 250 || {{right}} {{formatnum:11060}}
|-
| 9 || SE || [[South East Delhi]] || [[Defence Colony]] || {{right}} {{formatnum:1500636}} || {{right}} 102 || {{right}} {{formatnum:15000}}
|-
| 10 || SW || [[South West Delhi]] || [[Vasant Vihar]] || {{right}} {{formatnum:2292958}} || {{right}} 395 || {{right}} {{formatnum:5446}}
|-
| 11 || WD || [[West Delhi]] || [[Rajouri Garden]] || {{right}} {{formatnum:2543243}} || {{right}} 112 || {{right}} {{formatnum:19563}}
|-
|}

=== Puducherry (PY) ===
{{See also|Districts of Puducherry}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Code<ref name=distcodes />
! District<ref name=censusdist2011 />
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)
! Density (/km2)<ref name=censusdist2011 />
|-
| 1 || KA|| [[Karaikal district|Karaikal]]|| [[Karaikal]] || {{right}} {{formatnum:200222}}{{sfn|''Karaikal''|2011|p= 65}} || {{right}} {{formatnum:157}}{{sfn|''Karaikal''|2011|p= 26}} || {{right}} {{formatnum:1275}}{{sfn|''Karaikal''|2011|p= 66}}
|-
| 2 || MA|| [[Mahé district|Mahé]]|| [[Mahé, India|Mahé]] || {{right}} {{formatnum:41816}}{{sfn|''Mahe''|2011|p= 52}} || {{right}} {{formatnum:9}}{{sfn|''Mahe''|2011|p= 23}} || {{right}} {{formatnum:4646}}{{sfn|''Mahe''|2011|p= 52}}
|-
| 3 || PO|| [[Puducherry district|Puducherry]]|| [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] || {{right}} {{formatnum:950289}}{{sfn|''Puducherry''|2011|p= 70}} || {{right}} {{formatnum:293}}{{sfn|''Puducherry''|2011|p= 29}} || {{right}} {{formatnum:3232}}{{sfn|''Puducherry''|2011|p= 71}}
|-
| 4 || YA|| [[Yanam district|Yanam]]|| [[Yanam, Pondicherry|Yanam]] || {{right}} {{formatnum:55626}}{{sfn|''Yanam''|2011|p= 54}} || {{right}} {{formatnum:30}}{{sfn|''Yanam''|2011|p= 22}} || {{right}} {{formatnum:1854}}{{sfn|''Yanam''|2011|p= 54}}
|-
|}

== See also ==
*[[Administrative divisions of India]]
*[[Municipalities of India]]
*[[Districts of British India]]

== Footnotes ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== References ===
;{{small|Union Territories}}
{{Div col|colwidth=30em|small=yes}}
* {{cite book|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3500_PART_A_DCHB_ANDAMAN%20&%20NICOBAR%20ISLANDS.pdf |title=District Census Handbook – Andaman & Nicobar Islands |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations – GoI |date=2011|access-date=22 April 2019 |ref={{sfnRef|''Andaman & Nicobar Islands''|2011}}}}
* {{cite book|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0401_PART_A_DCHB_CHANDIGARH.pdf |title=District Census Handbook – Chandigarh |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations – GoI |date=2011|access-date=23 April 2019 |ref={{sfnRef|''Chandigarh''|2011}}}}
* {{cite book|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2601_PART_A_DCHB_DADRA_&_NAGAR_HAVELI.pdf |title=District Census Handbook – Dadra and Nagar Haveli |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations – GoI |date=2011|access-date=30 April 2019 |ref={{sfnRef|''Dadra and Nagar Haveli''|2011}}}}
* {{cite book|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/25/2502_PART_A_DCHB_DAMAN.pdf |title=District Census Handbook – Daman |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations – GoI |date=2011|access-date=7 May 2019 |ref={{sfnRef|''Daman''|2011}}}}
* {{cite book|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/25/2501_PART_A_DCHB_DIU.pdf |title=District Census Handbook – Diu |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations – GoI |date=2011|access-date=7 May 2019 |ref={{sfnRef|''Diu''|2011}}}}
* {{cite book|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/31/3101_PART_A_DCHB_LAKSHADWEEP.pdf |title=District Census Handbook – Lakshadweep |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations – GoI |date=2011|access-date=7 May 2019 |ref={{sfnRef|''Lakshadweep''|2011}}}}
* {{cite book|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0700_PART_A_DCHB_NCT%20OF%20DELHI.pdf |title=District Census Handbook – N.C.T. of Delhi |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations – GoI |date=2011|access-date=7 May 2019 |ref={{sfnRef|''Delhi''|2011}}}}
* {{cite book|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/34/3404_PART_A_DCHB_KARAIKAL.pdf |title=District Census Handbook – Puducherry – Karaikal |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations – GoI |date=2011|access-date=22 May 2019 |ref={{sfnRef|''Karaikal''|2011}}}}
* {{cite book|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/34/3403_PART_A_DCHB_MAHE.pdf |title=District Census Handbook – Puducherry – Mahe |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations – GoI |date=2011|access-date=22 May 2019 |ref={{sfnRef|''Mahe''|2011}}}}
* {{cite book|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/34/3402_PART_A_DCHB_PUDUCHERRY.pdf |title=District Census Handbook – Puducherry – Puducherry |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations – GoI |date=2011|access-date=22 May 2019 |ref={{sfnRef|''Puducherry''|2011}}}}
* {{cite book|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/34/3401_PART_A_DCHB_YANAM.pdf |title=District Census Handbook – Puducherry – Yanam |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations – GoI |date=2011|access-date=22 May 2019 |ref={{sfnRef|''Yanam''|2011}}}}
{{div col end}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190514053003/http://districts.nic.in/stateut.php Districts of India], Indian Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology website

{{Geography of India}}
{{India topics}}
{{Articles on second-level administrative divisions of Asian countries}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Districts Of India}}
[[Category:Administrative divisions in Asia|India 3]]
[[Category:Third-level administrative divisions by country|Districts, India]]
[[Category:Lists of districts in India|*]]
[[Category:Districts of India]]

Lalji Verma

2026-03-06T21:37:22Z

PercySpivakovsky: added references after review

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image =
| name = Lalji Verma
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| predecessor = [[Ritesh Pandey]]
| constituency = [[Ambedkar Nagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ambedkar Nagar]]
| constituency1 =
| constituency2 =
| constituency3 =
| nationality = Indian
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| otherparty = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] [[Janata Dal]] [[Lok Dal]]
| spouse = Shobhawati Verma
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| alma_mater = Kulbhaskar Ashram Degree College (Allahabad), [[Kanpur University]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://myneta.info/uttarpradesh2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=4380 | title=Lal Ji Verma(Bahujan Samaj Party(BSP)):Constituency- KATEHARI(AMBEDKAR NAGAR) – Affidavit Information of Candidate }}</ref>
| constituency4 =
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| termstart8 = 7 July 1986
| termend8 = 15 January 1991
| termstart7 = 22 June 1991
| termend7 = 4 December 1993
| termstart6 = 17 October 1996
| termend6 = 6 March 2012
| termstart5 = 11 March 2017
| termend5 = 4 June 2024
| office5 = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| office8 = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
| predecessor7 = Gopi Nath Verma
| predecessor6 = [[Masood Ahmad]]
| predecessor5 = [[Shankhlal Majhi]]
| successor7 = [[Masood Ahmad]]
| successor6 = [[Azimulhaq Pahalwan]]
| constituency8 = ''elected by Legislative assembly members''
| constituency7 = [[Tanda Assembly constituency|Tanda]]
| constituency6 = [[Tanda Assembly constituency|Tanda]]
| constituency5 = [[Katehari (Assembly constituency)|Katehari]]
| successor5 = [[Dharamraj Nishad]]
| office1 = [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Cabinet Minister Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
| termstart1 = 13 May 2007
| termend1 = 15 March 2012
| 1blankname1 = [[List of Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister]]
| 2blankname1 = Ministry & Departments
| 1namedata1 = *[[Mayawati]]
| 2namedata1 = *[[Department of Parliamentary Affairs (Uttar Pradesh)|Parliamentary Affairs]]
*Finance
*Medical Education
| termstart2 = 13 October 2002
| termend2 = 29 August 2003
| termstart3 = 3 May 2002
| termend3 = 12 October 2002
| 1blankname2 = [[List of Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister]]
| 2blankname2 = Ministry & Departments
| 1blankname3 = [[List of Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister]]
| 2blankname3 = Ministry & Departments
| 1namedata2 = *[[Mayawati]]
| 2namedata2 = *Medical Education (Allopathy)
| 1namedata3 = *[[Mayawati]]
| 2namedata3 = *Public Enterprises
| office4 = [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Minister of State (Independent Charge) Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
| termstart4 = 21 September 1997
| termend4 = 19 October 1997
| 1blankname4 = [[List of Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister]]
| 2blankname4 = Ministry & Departments
| 1namedata4 = *[[Kalyan Singh]]
| 2namedata4 = *Jail
}}

'''Lalji Verma ''' (born 5 January 1955) is an Indian politician from the [[Samajwadi Party]] and former member of the Legislative Assembly.<ref>{{cite news|author=PTI |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-03-20/news/48402359_1_political-parties-may-7-ajmer-sharif-dargah |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325115840/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-03-20/news/48402359_1_political-parties-may-7-ajmer-sharif-dargah |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 March 2014 |title=Political parties demand change of May 7 poll date |work=The Economic Times |date=20 March 2014 |access-date=25 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Mayawati-gives-50-tickets-to-brahmins-Muslims/articleshow/32383320.cms |title=Mayawati gives 50% tickets to brahmins, Muslims |work=The Times of India |date=21 March 2014 |access-date=25 March 2014}}</ref> He represented [[Katehari Assembly constituency]] in [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]]. In the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 Indian general elections]], he was elected as a [[Member of Parliament]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] as a member of [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref name="Party changers {{!}} Shifting hues">{{cite news |date=13 July 2024 |title=Party changers {{!}} Shifting hues |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-party-changers-shifting-hues-2565842-2024-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250302190555/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-party-changers-shifting-hues-2565842-2024-07-13 |archive-date=2 March 2025 |access-date=22 March 2025 |publisher=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Verma was born in the village of [[Mohiuddinpur]], in Uttar Pradesh, India, on 5 January 1955 in a [[Kurmi]] family. He completed a Master of Science on agricultural science. He is an active political and social worker and a member of the [[Samajwadi party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/18277/18|title=Lalji Verma|website=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|accessdate=7 June 2024}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Verma is married to Shobhawati Verma and has one son, Vikas Verma, and two daughters, Akanksha Verma, and Dr. Chhaya Verma.
His son Vikas Verma committed suicide on 14 March 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.india.com/news/india/bsp-leader-lalji-vermas-son-vikas-commits-suicide-had-earlier-posted-suicide-note-on-social-media-2944431/|title=BSP Leader's Son Commits Suicide, Had Earlier Posted Suicide Note on Facebook|last=Desk|first=India.com News|date=15 March 2018|work=India.com|access-date=5 June 2018}}</ref>

==Political career==
Verma started his political career by involving himself in student politics. He became the general secretary of the [[Tanda, Ambedaker Nagar|Tanda]] student union in 1973. He also was the general secretary of Kulbhaskar Ashram Degree College, [[Allahabad]] from 1977 to 1978. He was member of [[Uttar Pradesh legislative council]] from 7 July 1986 to 15 January 1991. He has also been elected member of the [[Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly]] in 1991, 1996, 2002, 2007, 2017, and 2022.

==Positions held==
Verma has held these positions so far:

*State Minister (Independent Charge) for Jail from 21 September 1997 to 19 October 1997.
*Minister for Public Enterprises from 3 May 2002 to 12 October 2002.
*Minister for Medical Education from 13 October 2002 to 29 August 2003, 17 May 2007 to 4 February 2008 & 2 May 2008 to 11 March 2012
*Minister for Handicapped Welfare from 17 May 2007 to 4 February 2008.
*Acting Chairman, Questions & Reference Committee of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council from August 1990 to January 1991.
*Acting Chairman, Questions & Reference Committee of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 1998–1999.
*Chairman, Joint Committee on the Public Undertakings & Corporations of U.P. Legislative Assembly in 1997–1998.
*Chairman, Committee on Government Assurances of U.P. Legislative Assembly in 1999–2001.
*Member, Business Advisory Committee of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 1991, 1992, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007–2008 and 2008–2009.
*Member, Panel of Presiding Members of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 1997–1998.
*Member, Questions & Reference Committee of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 1997–1998.
*Member, Rules Committee of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 2002–2003, 2007–2008 and 2008–2009.
*Member, Privilege Committee of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 2007–2008 and 2008–2009.
*Minister for Parliamentary Affairs of Uttar Pradesh in 2007 to 11 March 2012
*Minister for Finance of Uttar Pradesh in 2008 to 2012

==Candidate==
Verma was the candidate of BSP from [[Sravasti]] for the [[Lok Sabha]] elections in 2014.

Verma was the candidate of BSP from Katehari for the Vidhan Sabha elections in 2017. Verma won the election of Vidhan Sabha from Katehari.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://laljiverma.in Official website Lalji Verma]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Verma, Lalji}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates in 2024 Indian general election]]
[[Category:Lok Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1991–1993]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1997–2002]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]

Thurthu Nirgamana

2026-03-06T05:17:14Z

PercySpivakovsky: put up basic info needs work

{{Short description| Indian Kannada film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Thurthu Nirgamana
| image =
| caption =
| director = Hemanth Kumar L
| producer = Bharath Kumar Hemanth Kumar L
| starring = [[Sunil Raoh]] [[Sudharani]] [[Hitha Chandrashekar]] [[Samyuktha Hegde]]
| cinematography = [[Prayag Mukundan]]
| music = Dheerendra Doss
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|06|24}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Thurthu Nirgamana''''' ({{Translation|Emergency Exit}}) is a 2022 Indian Kannada-language [[Fantasy drama film|Fantasy-drama film]] directed by Hemanth Kumar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/nov/04/fantasy-comes-of-age-in-hemanth-kumars-thurthu-nirgamana-1691484.html|title=Fantasy comes of age in Hemanth Kumar's Thurthu Nirgamana|work=The Indian Express|date=4 November 2017 }}</ref> The film stars [[Sunil Raoh]], [[Hitha Chandrashekar]], [[Samyuktha Hegde]] and [[Sudharani]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Exclusive: Meet the women who take Thurthu Nirgamana forward|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/exclusive-meet-the-women-who-take-thurthu-nirgamana-forward/articleshow/92360953.cms |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=The Times Of India|date=22 June 2022 }}</ref> The music is done by Dheerendra Doss. The movie is based on a time-loop concept. It also marks the return of [[Sunil Raoh]] after a gap of 12 years.

The movie opened to positive reviews with praise for its unique plot and a bold attempt to bring new content in the [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] film industry after its release on OTT.

== Plot ==
Vikram, An unemployed 32-year-old wastrel experiences life of 3 days leading to his death in an endless [[time loop]], until he finds within himself what he was seeking and the true purpose of his life.

== Cast ==
*[[Sunil Raoh]] as Vikram<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunil Raoh: My role in Thurthu Nirgamana is relatable to all middle-class households
|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2022/jun/20/sunil-raoh-my-role-in-thurthu-nirgamana-is-relatable-to-all-middle-class-households-32198.html |access-date=2022-06-20 |website=Cinema Express|date=20 June 2022 }}</ref>
*[[Sudharani]] as Nurse<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunil Raoh: Exclusive: I was blown away by my character in Thurthu Nirgamana, says Sudharani|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/thurthu-nirgamana-movie-review-a-unique-coming-of-age-fantasy-drama/article65560673.ece |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=The Times Of India}}</ref>
*[[Achyuth Kumar]] as Jeevan
*[[Raj B. Shetty]] as Shivu
*[[Hitha Chandrashekar]] as Mili Sebastian
*[[Samyuktha Hegde]] as Sindhu
*[[Aruna Balraj]] as Saraswati, Vikram's Mother
*Nagendra Shah as Lakshman, Vikram's Father
*Amrutha Rammoorthi as Srishti
*[[Rishi (Kannada actor)|Rishi]] as actor Vikram, Cameo appearance
*[[Bhavana Rao]] as Heroine, cameo appearance

==Release==
The film was released on 24 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Thurthu Nirgamana team releases a tribute song for Puneeth - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/music/thurthu-nirgamana-team-releases-a-tribute-song-for-puneeth/articleshow/91689403.cms |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=The Times of India |date=21 May 2022 }}</ref> The Film premiered on [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon Prime]] video on 16 September 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thurthu Nirgamana on OTT: Where to watch Suneel Raoh's comeback film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/thurthu-nirgamana-on-ott-where-to-watch-suneel-raohs-comeback-film/f5ede11751805 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=OTTPlay }}</ref>

==Reception==
The [[The Times of India|''Times of India'']] rated the movie 3.5 out of 5 - There have been films made that speak about the concept of life and death. [[Rama Rama Re...|Rama Rama Re]] happens to be one such. Thurthu Nirgamana is another attempt that tries to define living, dying and closure in between. The film is not your regular entertainment fare, but it is a beautiful [[jigsaw puzzle]] that joins to form a philosophical note that is not preachy.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Thurthu Nirgamana Movie Review : An attempt to find closure to death |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/thurthu-nirgamana/movie-review/92432546.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

''[[The Hindu]]'' described it as a unique coming-of-age fantasy drama which is different from the regular Kannada commercial potboilers, which are usually dominated by songs, action and sentiment.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Khajane |first=Muralidhara |date=2022-06-24 |title=Thurthu Nirgamana movie review: A unique coming-of-age fantasy drama |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/thurthu-nirgamana-movie-review-a-unique-coming-of-age-fantasy-drama/article65560673.ece |access-date=2023-09-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Jagadeesh angadi of [[Deccan Herald|The Deccan herald]] rated the movie 3/5 with praise for the story and screenplay.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Angadi, DHNS |first=Jagadish |title='Thurthu Nirgamana' review: A time-loop film with life lessons |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/thurthu-nirgamana-review-a-time-loop-film-with-life-lessons-1121185.html |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=Deccan Herald }}</ref>

Prathibha Joy of ''OTTPlay'' rated the movie 3/5 and stated "If you are looking for a feel-good family drama, Thurthu Nirgamana is what you should be watching".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thurthu Nirgamana review: Sudharani and Achyuth Kumar are a blast in this time-loop family drama |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/thurthu-nirgamana-review-sudharani-and-achyuth-kumar-are-a-blast-in-this-time-loop-family-drama/d26191a597383 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=OTTPlay }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt8646748}}

[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2022 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Kannada-language romantic drama films]]

{{2020s-Kannada-film-stub}}
{{2020s-romantic-drama-film-stub}}

Goa (2015 film)

2026-03-03T21:24:17Z

PercySpivakovsky: improve information additionally and corrected details

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Goa
| image = 2015 Kannada film Goa poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = Surya
| producer = Shankar Gowda Shankar Reddy Rajath Manjunath
| writer = [[Venkat Prabhu]]
| screenplay = Surya
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Goa (2010 film)|Goa]]''|Venkat Prabhu}}
| starring = [[Komal Kumar]] [[Tarun Chandra]] Srikanth [[Sharmila Mandre]] Rachel Wise
| music = [[Arjun Janya]]
| cinematography = Rajesh Katta
| editing = Deepu S. Kumar
| distributor = M. N. Kumar
| studio = Shankar Productions
| released = {{Film date|2015|03|06|df=yes}}
| runtime = 131 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Goa''''' is a 2015 Indian [[Kannada]] [[romantic comedy]] film directed by Surya. It stars [[Komal Kumar]], [[Tarun Chandra]], Srikanth, [[Sharmila Mandre]], [[Sonu (actress)|Sonu]] and British theatre artiste Rachel Wise in lead roles.<ref>{{cite news |author= Christopher, Kavya |title= Rachel learns Kannada for Goa |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Rachel-learns-Kannada-for-Goa/articleshow/46274198.cms |newspaper= The Times of India |date= 18 February 2015 |accessdate= 6 March 2015 |archive-date= 4 October 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231004010743/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/rachel-learns-kannada-for-goa/articleshow/46274198.cms |url-status= live }}</ref> The film is an official remake of the [[Goa (2010 film)|Tamil film of the same title]] (2010) directed by [[Venkat Prabhu]].<ref>{{cite news |author= Talukdar, Taniya |title= Goa launched in Kannada |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Goa-launched-in-Kannada/articleshow/19440089.cms |newspaper= The Times of India |date= 8 April 2013 |accessdate= 6 March 2015 |archive-date= 25 January 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230125193852/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/goa-launched-in-kannada/articleshow/19440089.cms |url-status= live }}</ref> The film features the music composed by [[Arjun Janya]] whilst the cinematography is by Rajesh Katta.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Komal Kumar]] as Swamy
* [[Tarun Chandra]] as Ramaraja
* Srikanth as Surya
* [[Sharmila Mandre]]
* [[Sonu (actress)|Sonu]]
* Rachel Wise as Rachel
* [[Ashok (Kannada actor)|Ashok]]
* [[Ramesh Bhat]]
* [[Bullet Prakash]]
* [[Shobaraj]]
* Dharma
* Shankar Gowda as Police officer
*[[Nayantara]] as the new village girl (cameo appearance - reused footage from ''[[Goa (2010 film)|Goa]]'')
}}

==Production==
Initially titled as ''Punyathmaru'', the director rechristened the film title to be same as that of the original version during the launch of the film.<ref>{{cite news |title= Kannada remake of Goa goes on floor |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Kannada-remake-of-Goa-goes-on-floor/articleshow/19908963.cms |newspaper= The Times of India |date= 6 May 2013 |accessdate= 6 March 2015 |archive-date= 3 September 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240903171403/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Kannada-remake-of-Goa-goes-on-floor/articleshow/19908963.cms |url-status= live }}</ref> The filming took place at a brisk pace in and around [[Goa]] and parts of [[Karnataka]] such as [[Bangalore]], [[Mysore]] and [[Srirangapatna]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Komal chills out in Goa with bikini babes |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Komal-chills-out-in-Goa-with-bikini-babes/articleshow/22026519.cms |newspaper= The Times of India |date= 24 August 2013 |accessdate= 6 March 2015 |archive-date= 19 January 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220119092651/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Komal-chills-out-in-Goa-with-bikini-babes/articleshow/22026519.cms |url-status= live }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Goa
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Arjun Janya]]
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack cover
| released = 2014
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

[[Arjun Janya]] composed the film's background score and music for its soundtrack. The album consists of four tracks, the lyrics for which were penned by Naveen, Hemanth, [[K. Kalyan]] and Chandan Shetty.

{{Track listing
| total_length =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = My Name is Komal
| lyrics1 = Naveen
| extra1 = Koushik Harsha, Sangeetha
| length1 =
| title2 = Nin Mukha Nodi Bittu
| lyrics2 = Hemanth
| extra2 = [[Arjun Janya]], Sangeetha
| length2 =
| title3 = Shuruvayithu
| lyrics3 = [[K. Kalyan]]
| extra3 = [[Shashank Sheshagiri]], Archana Ravi
| length3 =
| title4 = Galagante
| lyrics4 = Chandan Shetty
| extra4 = [[Chandan Shetty]]
| length4 =
}}

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film two out of five stars and wrote that "This Kannada version of Tamil movie Goa offers nothing extra ordinary. Sharmiela Mandre steals the show with a graceful performance. Sonu Gowda is good. The performance of Komal, Tarun and Sriki fail to lift the spirit. Arjun Janya offers some foot-tapping songs. Rajesh’s camera work is good".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/goa/movie-review/46490959.cms|title=GOA MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 May 2016|access-date=3 October 2023|archive-date=3 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903171401/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/goa/movie-review/46490959.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Vijaya Karnataka]]'' gave the film the same rating and wrote that "Of the three, Komal's acting can be given the highest marks. The acting of Sriki, Tarun, Sharmila Mandre also attracts attention. Shobharaj and Ramesh Bhatt have done their given role smartly. However, the film's story, dialogue, narration, making, sequence of scenes etc. are inadequate. So it will be difficult to see ''Goa'' on screen".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/review/cinema-review-goa-kannada-movie/moviereview/46479477.cms|title=ಗೋವಾ: ನಿರಾಶೆಗೊಳಿಸುವ ಗೋವಾ|language=kn|work=[[Vijaya Karnataka]]|date=16 March 2015|access-date=3 October 2023|archive-date=3 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903171404/https://gum.criteo.com/syncframe?origin=criteoPrebidAdapter&topUrl=vijaykarnataka.com&gpp=|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|5782550}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141230212239/http://www.sify.com/movies/goa-launched-imagegallery-kannada-nelr7tchjiasi.html Goa launched]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goa}}
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Indian teen comedy films]]
[[Category:Films set in Goa]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ-related films]]
[[Category:2015 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2015 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Arjun Janya]]
[[Category:2015 LGBTQ-related films]]

Maindhan (1994 film)

2026-03-03T04:54:45Z

PercySpivakovsky: created a details

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Maindhan
| image = Maindhan 1994 poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Pugazhendhi
| writer = Pugazhendhi [[R. N. R. Manohar]] (dialogues)
| producer = K. N. Natarajan
| starring = {{ubl|[[Selva (actor)|Selva]]|[[Nirosha]]}}
| cinematography = Dharma
| editing = Srinivas Krishna
| music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| studio = Patteeshwarathal Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1994|07|01}}
| runtime = 125 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Maindhan''''' ({{translation|Son}}) is a 1994 Indian [[Tamil language]] [[action drama film]] directed by Pugazhendhi. The film stars [[Selva (actor)|Selva]] and [[Nirosha]], with [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]], [[Kalyan Kumar]], [[Pandiyan (actor)|Pandiyan]], [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]], [[Vagai Chandrasekhar|Chandrasekhar]], [[Nizhalgal Ravi]], [[Prathapachandran]], and [[Vadivelu]] playing supporting roles. It was released on 1 July 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maindhan ( 1994 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=maindhan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130423025521/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=maindhan |archive-date=23 April 2013 |access-date=8 March 2023 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=February 2024}}
Ramasamy Mudaliar is a village chief who follows [[Gandhism|Gandhian principles]], while his son Jeeva is a jobless youth. Jeeva's Lakshmi is in love with him. Velayudam Pillai, a rich villager, plans to buy the village farmers' grounds and build a liquor factory there. Ramasamy Mudaliar tries to stop him and is subsequently killed. Jeeva becomes a responsible citizen and decides to take revenge on Velayudam Pillai.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Selva (actor)|Selva]] as Jeeva
*[[Nirosha]] as Lakshmi
*[[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] as Velayudam Pillai
*[[Kalyan Kumar]] as Ramasamy Mudaliar, Jeeva's father
*[[Pandiyan (actor)|Pandiyan]] as Inspector Vijay
*[[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]] as Ranjan
*[[Vagai Chandrasekhar|Chandrasekhar]] as Thyagu
*[[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Ponrasu
*[[Prathapachandran]] as DSP
*[[Vadivelu]]
*[[Kumarimuthu]]
*[[Chinni Jayanth]]
*[[K. S. G. Venkatesh]]
*[[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]]
*[[Monica (actress)|Monica]]
*[[Swaminathan]]
*Swamikannu as Periyasaamy
*Arulmani as S. R. S.
*Haja Shareef
*M. R. K
*Mohankumar
*Hariprakash
*Aakash
*Chitraguptan
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]], with lyrics written by [[Mu. Metha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maindan (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/maindan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1600432765 |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=[[Apple Music]] |archive-date=25 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225123101/https://music.apple.com/us/album/maindan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1600432765 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s) !! Duration
|-
| "Kaalam Nalla Kaalam" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] || 4:18
|-
| "Nandhavanam" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || 4:40
|-
| "Pogathe Ponmanai" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam || 4:00
|-
| "Sikkikicha Sikkikicha" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[K. S. Chithra]] || 3:57
|-
|Thedathe En Kanne ||K. S. Chithra||3:58
|}

== Reception ==
Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' said the film gave a sense of "déjà vu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=1 July 1994 |title=Deja vu |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940701&printsec=frontpage |access-date=23 December 2014 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=7 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1994 Indian films]]
[[Category:1994 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1994 action drama films]]
[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Taaruk Raina

2026-02-28T14:53:35Z

PercySpivakovsky: put up initial entry more to come

{{short description|Indian actor and musician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Taaruk Raina
| image = Taaruk Raina at the success bash of Mismatched (cropped).jpg
| caption = Raina in 2023
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|Singer}}
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| years_active = 2015–present
| nationality =
| known_for = ''[[Mismatched]]''
| alma_mater =
}}

'''Taaruk Raina''' is an Indian actor, singer, songwriter and composer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From Resul Pookutty to Taaruk Raina... these seven celebrities share their memorable new year resolutions |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/weekend/from-resul-pookutty-to-taaruk-raina-these-seven-celebrities-share-their-memorable-new-year-resolutions |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> He is known for his portrayal of Anmol Malhotra in ''[[Mismatched]]''.

==Early life==
Raina has been singing since he was six years old. He grew up listening to a lot of rock music, rap, heavy metal, and ghazals, and used to sing in his school choir as well.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Multi-talented artist Taaruk Raina |url=https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/exclusive-multi-talented-artist-taaruk-raina-on-mismatched-working-with-rishi-kapoor-and-more-57445.html |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref> Lacking technical knowledge about music, he began learning via YouTube. After some years, he started performing gigs at bars and weddings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-15 |title=Taaruk Raina talks about his journey as an independent musician |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/indie-insider-mismatched-star-taaruk-raina-talks-about-his-journey-as-an-independent-musician-23298116 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Mismatched, Independent Music & More With Taaruk Raina! |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/video/indie-insider-mismatched-independent-music-and-more-with-taaruk-raina-1072168 |access-date=2023-07-19 |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
In 2015, Taaruk began working as [[Aditya Chopra]]'s assistant at [[Yash Raj Films]] for ''[[Befikre]]''.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Taaruk Raina on Mismatched, working with Rishi Kapoor and more! |url=https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/exclusive-multi-talented-artist-taaruk-raina-on-mismatched-working-with-rishi-kapoor-and-more-57445.html |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>

He then performed in theatre plays, notably as the lead character in an Indian adaptation of [[Disney]]’s ''[[Aladdin (franchise)|Aladdin]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2018 |title=Disney's Aladdin, now a Broadway-style musical with an Indian flavour |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/disney-s-aladdin-now-a-broadway-style-musical-with-an-indian-flavor-118070601203_1.html |access-date=8 July 2023 |website=Business Standard}}</ref> where he had to act in front of a live audience and sing iconic numbers.<ref name=":4" />

In 2018, he made his film debut in ''[[High Jack (film)|High Jack]]'' as Parth. The following year, in 2019, he appeared in [[ZEE5]]'s ''Dhumrapaan'' and ''Kaand''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhumrapaan – ZEE5 |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/dhumrapaan/0-0-92857 |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=ZEE5 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

In February 2020, he starred in [[MX Player]]'s relationship-drama ''[[Pawan & Pooja]]'' as Pawan opposite Natasha Bharadwaj.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pawan & Pooja – Season 1 |url=https://www.mxplayer.in/show/watch-pawan-and-pooja-series-online-b0d9089298292e00445707bc3335fc91 |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=[[MX Player]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-05 |title=Pawan & Pooja trailer: Three couples explore changing definitions of love |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/pawan-pooja-trailer-deepti-naval-mahesh-manjrekar-gul-panag-explore-changing-definitions-of-love-8006651.html |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> In June 2020, he also featured in the short film ''Purple''.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=30 June 2020 |title=Purple – Short Film featuring Taaruk Raina directed by Jasmin A. Singh |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWPbq9ponDE |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=[[Humaramovie]]}}</ref> Since November 2020, he has been portraying Anmol Malhotra in the [[Netflix]] teenage romantic drama ''[[Mismatched]]'', where he acted as well as composed two songs for the show.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2022 |title='Mismatched' Actor Taaruk Raina On Real-Life Friends Rohit Saraf, Prajakta Koli, Show's Relatability Factor |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/-mismatched-2-actor-taaruk-raina-on-real-life-friends-rohit-saraf-prajakta-koli-show-s-relatability-factor-news-230229 |access-date=27 December 2022 |website=Outlook India}}</ref> He was next seen in [[Sony Music India]]'s song "Sukoon", featuring himself opposite [[Aisha Ahmed]].<ref name=":1" />

In 2021, he appeared in the [[Netflix]] mini-series ''Aryan & Meera'' as Aryan opposite Zayn Marie Khan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aryan & Meera: A new Netflix Youtube series dropped Episode 1 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/rooms/aryan-meera-new-netflix-youtube-series-dropped-episode-1 |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>

In 2022, he featured in two web shows, [[ZEE5]]'s ''[[The Broken News]]'', and [[Amazon Prime Video]]'s ''[[Jugaadistan]]''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=16 December 2022 |title=Chart-Topping Films And Shows To Binge On The OTT Platform |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/lionsgate-play-2nd-anniversary-chart-topping-films-and-shows-to-binge-on-the-ott-platform-news-245602 |access-date=27 December 2022 |website=Outlook India}}</ref> In the same year, he also portrayed [[Rishi Kapoor]]'s son Vinayak Sharma in ''[[Sharmaji Namkeen]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-13 |title=Rishi Kapoor's son from Sharmaji Namkeen, Taaruk Raina: 'Unki daant mein bohot pyar tha' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/rishi-kapoors-son-from-sharmaji-namkeen-taaruk-raina-7866091/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Taaruk Raina on working with Rishi Kapoor |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/he-was-so-good-i-forgot-my-lines-381737 |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=Tribune India News |language=en}}</ref>

In January 2023, Raina released his first independent single, "Narazi".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-06 |title=Narrating stories, one song at a time – Taaruk Raina |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/narrating-stories-one-song-at-a-time-101675668252828.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> In May 2023, he was a part of Audible's podcast series called ''Desi Down Under'',<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-30 |title=Taaruk Raina says India being country of fables, epics makes it perfect for audio storytelling |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/taaruk-raina-says-india-being-country-of-fables-epics-makes-it-perfect-for-audio-storytelling/articleshow/101388374.cms |access-date=2023-07-02 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> along with [[Adarsh Gourav]] and [[Prajakta Koli]], directed by [[Mantra (actor)|Mantra]],<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Prajakta Koli, Adarsh Gourav, Taaruk Raina open up about pressures of hustle culture; burnout in 20s |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/entertainment/work-life-balance-a-myth-in-life-of-an-actor-prajakta-koli-adarsh-gourav-taaruk-raina-open-up-ab |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en}}</ref> where the story is set in Sydney about three 20-year-olds from Mangalore who go to Australia to learn surf-lifesaving skills at Coogee Beach.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All about Audible India's latest original offering is Desi Downunder |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/adarsh-gourav-prajakta-koli-and-taaruk-raina-chat-with-the-telegraph-on-their-adrenaline-pumping-audio-series-desi-downunder/cid/1937775 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

In March 2025, he was seen playing advocate Kantilal Sahni in [[Ram Madhvani]]'s historical drama ''[[The Waking of a Nation]]'', a story about the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]], on [[SonyLIV|SonyLiv]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-10 |title=The Waking of a Nation: Ram Madhvani set to explore the Jallianwala Bagh 'conspiracy' in new show |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/the-waking-of-a-nation-teaser-ram-madhvani-set-to-explore-the-jallianwala-bagh-conspiracy-in-new-show-9828117/ |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

He will next be seen in [[Danish Renzu]]'s musical drama ''[[Songs of Paradise]]''.''<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |title=Danish Renzu's Songs Of Paradise |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/saba-azad-to-play-raj-begum-in-danish-renzus-songs-of-paradise-exclusive/articleshow/94440093.cms |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=The Times of India |date=25 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>''

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
|2015
|''[[Befikre]]''
|{{N/A}}
|Assistant director
|<ref name=":5" />
|-
|2018
|''[[High Jack (film)|High Jack]]''
|Parth
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-18 |title=High Jack movie: Comic timing is the best thing about this doomed hijack drama |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/high-jack-movie-review-sumeet-vyass-comic-timing-is-the-best-thing-about-this-doomed-hijack-drama-4474615.html |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|''Dhumrapaan''
|Owen
|
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Taaruk Raina Movies |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/celeb/taaruk-raina |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=ZEE5 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|''Kaand''
|Unnamed
|Teleplay
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taaruk Raina on being a part of teleplay 'Kaand' |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/of-women-safety-373167 |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=Tribune India}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''Purple''
|Neil
|Short film
|<ref name=":6" />
|-
|2022
|''[[Sharmaji Namkeen]]''
|Vinayak "Vincy" Sharma
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-01 |title=Taaruk Raina fought back tears at this kind gesture of Rishi Kapoor during shoot of Sharmaji Namkeen |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sharmaji-namkeen-s-taaruk-raina-fought-back-tears-at-this-kind-gesture-of-rishi-kapoor-during-shoot-please-don-t-cry-101648695764698.html |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Songs of Paradise]]''
|Rumi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2025 |title=Songs Of Paradise: Saba Azad And Soni Razdan's Performances Lend The Kashmir-Set Film Its Charm |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/songs-of-paradise-review-saba-azad-and-soni-razdans-performances-lend-the-kashmir-set-film-its-charm-9180809 |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=NDTV}}</ref>
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Ref.
|-
|2020
|''[[Pawan & Pooja]]''
|Pawan Srivastav
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pawan & Pooja review: Modern-day relationships! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/250220/pawan-pooja-movie-review-modern-day-relationships.html |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>
|-
|2020–present
|''[[Mismatched]]''
|Anmol Malhotra
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |title=Taaruk Raina Playing differently abled was a challenge |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/taaruk-raina-on-mismatched-442071 |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=Tribune India News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''Aryan & Meera''
|Aryan Khanna
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aryan & Meera: A Netflix India YouTube Show – YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLkF7RYTIPWdcu_6g2XwsdT889Dbgm0YgR |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=[[Netflix India]] YouTube}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|''[[The Broken News]]''
|Anuj Saxena
|<ref>{{Citation |title=The Broken News Season 1: A riveting drama with credible performances – The Times Of India |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/the-broken-news/season-1/seasonreview/92037832.cms |access-date=2022-12-27}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Jugaadistan]]''
|Lucky Kohli
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|rowspan="2" |2025
|''[[The Waking of a Nation]]''
|Kantilal Sahni
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-02-10 |title=The Waking of a Nation: Taaruk Raina starrer based on Jallianwala Bagh massacre |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/ott/the-waking-of-a-nation-makers-of-neerja-dhamaka-aarya-bring-taaruk-raina-nikita-dutta-starrer-series-based-on-jallianwala-bagh-massacre-2025-02-10-975531 |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachavelpula |first=Kausalya |date=2025-02-11 |title=Ram Madhvani’s The Waking of a Nation Explores Colonial Injustice, Streaming on Sony LIV from March 7 |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/ram-madhvanis-the-waking-of-a-nation-explores-colonial-injustice-streaming-on-sony-liv-from-march-7-944393 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rangeen]]''
|Sunny
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-25 |title=Rangeen: Gigolo Drama Lacks Passion And Punch |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/rangeen-review-viineet-kumar-siingh-gigolo-drama-lacks-passion-and-punch-rajshri-deshpande-taaruk-raina-review-152340808 |access-date=2025-09-01 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Dubbing ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! Ref.
|-
|2023
|''Desi Down Under''
|Rahul
|English
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-05-15 |title=Actor Taaruk Raina on re-living his Australian days through Desi Down Under {{!}} Bollywood Binge and Beyond Ep- 201 |url=https://news.abplive.com/podcasts/bollywood-binge-and-beyond/actor-taaruk-raina-on-re-living-his-australian-days-through-desi-down-under-1602537 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Singer
!Ref.
|-
|2025
|"Raazdaariyan"
|[[Sagar Bhatia]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-02-13 |title=Prajakta Koli and Taaruk Raina living the "Raazdaariyan" dream in Sagar Bhatia's powerful new track |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/catch-prajakta-koli-taaruk-raina-living-the-raazdaariyan-dream-in-sagar-bhatias-powerful-new-track-1861050 |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Film/Series
!Co-singer
!Music
!Lyrics
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
|"Happy Ending Song" (Version 1)
|rowspan=2|''[[High Jack (film)|High Jack]]''
|[[Sumedha Karmahe]]
|rowspan=2|Rajat Tiwari
|rowspan=2|[[Akarsh Khurana]]
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Citation |title=High Jack – Full Movie Audio Jukebox {{!}} Zee Music Company |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZt416f3GuM |access-date=2023-07-02 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|"Happy Ending Song" (Version 2)
|Manasi Mulherkar
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
|"Sukoon"
|Single
|{{NA}}
|Himself, Charan Singh Pathania, Bruno Gonçalves Mota
|Himself, Charan Singh Pathania
|<ref name=":1">{{Citation |title=Sukoon sung by Taaruk – Sony Music India |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8IOMBZryTM |language=en |access-date=2022-12-27}}</ref>
|-
|"Main Chala"
|''[[Mismatched|Mismatched (season 1)]]''
|Chaitanya Sharma alias SlowCheeta
|Himself
|Shwetang Shankar
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Main Chala – Spotify |date=2020-11-11 |url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3vleNRrotAnLoHZ15AbRgZ |language=en |access-date=2022-12-27}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|"Kho Gaye"
|''[[Mismatched season 2|Mismatched (season 2)]]''
|{{NA}}
|colspan=2|Himself
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Kho Gaye sung by Taaruk Raina {{!}} Mismatched Season 2 – Netflix India |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmhKXQBgEQU |language=en |access-date=2022-12-27}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2023
|"Narazi"
| rowspan="5" |Single
|{{NA}}
|rowspan=2 colspan=2|Himself, Charan Singh Pathania
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Taaruk Raina hooks all with his latest track 'Narazi' ft. Tanya Maniktala |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/taaruk-raina-hooks-all-with-his-latest-track-narazi-ft-tanya-maniktala/articleshow/97487392.cms |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=The Times of India |date=31 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|"Kaise Banu"
|{{NA}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaise Banu by Taaruk Raina |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-the-latest-hindi-music-video-for-kaise-banu-by-taaruk-raina/videoshow/103021124.cms |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|"Kalleyan"
|colspan=2|[[Akasa Singh]]
|Himself, Akasa Singh
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Kalleyan – Akasa & Taaruk Raina |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERaJ-2msmL4 |access-date=23 November 2023 |website=[[Sony Music India]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|"Lost and Found"
|{{NA}}
|colspan=2|Himself, Charan Singh Pathania
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-08-28 |title=Taaruk Raina Talks About the Journey Behind His New Song "Lost and Found" |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/entertainment/taaruk-raina-talks-about-the-journey-behind-his-new-song-lost-and-found-a475/ |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=Lokmat Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|"Majboor"
|{{NA}}
|colspan=2|Himself
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Majboor track out! Taaruk Raina calls this latest release a 'Piece of Himself' |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/entertainment/majboor-track-out-taaruk-raina-calls-this-latest-release-a-piece-of-himself-a475/ |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=Lokmat Times}}</ref>
|}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Taaruk Raina}}
* {{IMDb name|nm9719861}}
* {{Instagram|taarukraina}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male musicians]]
[[Category:Indian male composers]]
[[Category:Indian male musicians]]
[[Category:Indian male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Jamiat Ul Mominat

2026-02-21T09:04:14Z

PercySpivakovsky: put up the entry initial version - done

{{Short description|Islamic seminary in Hyderabad, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Jamiat Ul Mominat
| image =
| caption =
| address =
| region =
| city = [[Hyderabad]]
| state = [[Telangana]]
| postal_code = 500002
| country = [[India]]
| type = Islamic Female Seminary
| established = {{Start date and age|1991}}
| principal = Rizwana Zareen
| age_range =
| language = English and Urdu
| accreditations =
| website = {{URL|www.jamiatulmominath.com}}
}}

'''Jamiat ul Mominat''' is an Islamic [[female seminary]] marriage counseling center, located in [[Hyderabad, India]]. It provides education to girls only.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news| title=Women allowed to train as muftis in city| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-08-30/hyderabad/27195753_1_muftis-fatwas-dar-ul-iftah| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927183735/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-08-30/hyderabad/27195753_1_muftis-fatwas-dar-ul-iftah| url-status=dead| archive-date=27 September 2012| date=30 August 2003| work=[[The Times of India]]| access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> It has a Darul Ifta—(a department of legal ruling under Islamic jurisdiction) or generally collegium of [[mufti]]s—where the girls are trained to become muftis.<ref name="TOI2">{{cite news| title=College for women muftis to open in city this Sunday| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-09-17/hyderabad/27176249_1_fatwas-muslim-women-muftis| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927183805/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-09-17/hyderabad/27176249_1_fatwas-muslim-women-muftis| url-status=dead| archive-date=27 September 2012| date=17 September 2003| work=[[The Times of India]]| access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> The panel has been called as one of the earliest in the world and particularly among [[India]]n Muslims.<ref name="TOI"/><ref name="Washington Post">{{cite news| title=In India, Rulings for Women, by Women| url=http://www.onlinewomeninpolitics.org/archives/03_1005_in_wid.htm| publisher=Washington Post Foreign Service| date=5 October 2003| page=A28| access-date=19 September 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040108045426/http://www.onlinewomeninpolitics.org/archives/03_1005_in_wid.htm| archive-date=8 January 2004| url-status=dead}}</ref> the seminary offer courses such as; ''Alima'' is equivalent to [[Higher Secondary School Certificate]] and ''Fazila'' is equivalent to [[Bachelor's degree]] and are recognized by most of the [[Central university (India)|universities]] across [[India]].

==History==
Earlier in the 19th century, religious education in [[Hyderabad]] was patronized by the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizams]] and his aristocrats, both genders were equally encouraged for education. Local mosques were the center of primary Islamic education, from where pupils move to the [[Khanqah]]s and [[madrasa]]s to obtain the theological education and were awarded with degrees of [[Ulama|Alim]], Fazil, [[Hafiz (Quran)|Hafiz]], [[Qadi|Qazi]] and [[Mufti]]. Though girls were encouraged for Modern and Islamic higher education but the post of [[Qadi|Qazi]] and [[Mufti]] were limited to males.<ref name="Bano">{{cite thesis|title=Indian Muslim women's contribution to Islamic studies since 1947| url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/144520961.pdf|date=22 December 2008|publisher=[[Aligarh Muslim University]]|pages=84-92|last=Bano|first=Parveen|access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref>

Established in 1991, the Jamiat ul Mominat had introduced an academic course of ''Mufti'' for girls as ''Muftia'', and established a women only panel (Darul Ifta). As per the Islamic academic experts it is the first of its kind in India and the [[Muslim world]]. Particularly in Hyderabad Muslim women have had to rely on male Mufti for official religious guidance on gender-sensitive matters. The newly established women panel (''muftias'') provides a legal ruling on a point of [[Islamic law]] (''sharia'').<ref name="Washington Post"/><ref name="Bano"/> As of 2020, the madrassa has produced 318 muftias and 15 girls are currently enrolled for the course of ''Muftia''.

==Syllabus==

Along with Islamic studies, the madrasa follows [[Telangana]] [[Secondary School Certificate]] syllabus and it is designed to cater both employment oriented and ensure the educational and religious upliftment of Indian Muslim women in general. As of 2020, the madrassa has 2,500 female students of which 400 are hosteller.<ref name="RTE">{{cite news|title=Don't bring madrasas under RTE ambit: All India Muslim Personal Law Board|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2018/aug/11/dont-bring-madrasas-under-rte-ambit-all-india-muslim-personal-law-board-1856203.html|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=11 August 2018|access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="Sanyal">{{cite book|title=Scholars of Faith: South Asian Muslim Women and the Embodiment of Religious Knowledge|url=https://ebin.pub/scholars-of-faith-south-asian-muslim-women-and-the-embodiment-of-religious-knowledge-0190120800-9780190120801.html|last=Sanyal|first=Usha|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=78–128|isbn=9780190120801|year=2020|access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref>

Courses taught at "Jamiat ul Mominat" such as ''Alima'' is equivalent to [[Higher Secondary School Certificate]] and ''Fazila'' is equivalent to [[Bachelor's degree]] and are recognized by most of the [[Central university (India)|Indian universities]], of which some are [[Aligarh Muslim University]], [[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]], [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] and [[Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Recognised Courses of Arabic Madaris/ Institutions|url=http://jmicoe.in/pdf22/updated%20prospectus%202021-22.pdf|work=[[Jamia Millia Islamia]]|year=2021|access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=List of Madaris/Institutions and their degree/sanad recognized by the University|url=https://amucontrollerexams.com/uploads/files/58575547862e0cfd667060956252aa81.pdf|work=[[Aligarh Muslim University]]|year=2021|access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=List of Madarsa Programs approved by the University for Admissions 2019-20|url=https://manuucoe.in/RegularAdmission/assets/pdf/List%20of%20Madarsa%20Programs%20approved%20by%20the%20University%20for%20Admissions%202019.pdf|work=[[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]]|year=2019|access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=List of Madarsas|url=https://storage.googleapis.com/ezap-prod/colleges/44/khwaja-moinuddin-chishti-urdu-arabi-farsi-university-lucknow-information-brochure.pdf|work=[[Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University]]|year=2017|access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref>

==Campus==

The seminary is located in [[Moghalpura]] a suburb of [[Hyderabad]], [[India]]. Apart from college building it consists of a library, research centre, a computer lab and a chamber for women panel to conduct meetings with visitors.<ref>{{cite web|title=College for women muftis opens|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-09-22/hyderabad/27182911_1_muftis-fatwa-mufthia|work=The Times of India|date=22 September 2022|access-date=20 July 2022|archive-date=27 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927183810/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-09-22/hyderabad/27182911_1_muftis-fatwa-mufthia|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Other activities==

Apart from education the madrasa conducts regular public seminars for women. In 2016 a seminar was conducted at [[Salarjung Museum]] on "Muslim woman and Indian Culture" chaired by Michael Mullins, [[Ambassadors of the United States|Consul General of United States]] to Hyderabad, India and [[List of deputy chief ministers of Telangana|Deputy Chief Minister of Telangana]] [[Mahmood Ali (Indian politician)|M. Mahmood Ali]].<ref>{{cite news|title=American Consul General Michael Mullins addresses Jamiatul Mominat seminar|url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/american-consul-general-michael-mullins-addresses-jamiatul-mominat-seminar-932183/|newspaper=[[The Siasat Daily]]|date=15 March 2016|access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Seminar on "Muslim womna and Indian culture" held at Salarjung Museum on 13th March|url=https://www.en.etemaaddaily.com/World/Hyderabad/seminar-on-muslim-woman-and-indian-culture-held-at-salarjung-museum-on-13th-march-:11246|newspaper=[[Etemaad Daily]]|date=10 March 2016|access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref> It also participates in reforms and current affairs of [[Indian Muslims]] and kept its opinion in the matters such as [[Triple talaq in India]] ruling of 2017<ref>{{cite news|title=Hyderabad: Women muftis want action on instant talaq|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/240917/hyderabad-women-muftis-want-action-on-instant-talaq.html|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|last=Khan|first=Asif Yar|date=24 September 2017|access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref> and [[Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act]] (RTE) of 2018.<ref name="RTE"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=FTxsDwAAQBAJ&pg= Madrasas and the Making of Islamic Womanhood, Oxford University Press, Hem Borker, (2018)]

{{Coord|17.35595|N|78.47502|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Islam in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Islamic schools in India]]
[[Category:Schools in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Girls' schools in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Private schools in Telangana]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1991]]

Tamil honorifics

2026-02-16T17:58:13Z

PercySpivakovsky: put up a stub first draft

{{morefootnotes|date=August 2020}}
{{Short description|Honorifics of the Tamil language}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2020}}
In [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Honorific|honorifics]] ({{langx|ta|முறை|link=no}}, '''muṟai''') governs daily speech and register of both written and spoken communication. Traditionally, Tamil has been classified into two registers ''viz'' செந்தமிழ் (Centamiḻ) meaning 'classical' or 'pure ' Tamil and கொடுந்தமிழ் (Koṭuntamiḻ) meaning 'corrupt' Tamil. A huge feature of this difference is honorifics. Tamil honorifics usually are [[suffix]]es, although [[prefix]]es are not uncommon.


==General==

===Lexical choice===
[[Lexical choice]] plays a vital role in [[Tamil people|Tamil]] society as depending on the choice of words, the register may alter.

{| class="wikitable"
! Literal meaning !! Colloquial !! Impolite !! Standard !! Official
|-
| ''to gorge oneself'' / ''to eat'' / ''to eat'' / ''to eat''
| கொட்டிக்க (koṭṭikka) || தின்ன (tiṇṇa)|| சாப்பிட (cāppiṭa) || உண்ண (uṇṇa)
|-
| ''to sit'' / ''to sit'' / ''to sit'' / ''to get sat''
| குந்த (kunta)|| உட்கார (utkāra),
இருக்குற (irukkuṟa, SL Tamil only)
| அமர (amara) || அமைப்பெர (amaippera)
|-
| ''to put one's head'' / ''to die'' / ''to lose'' / ''to be made time''
| மண்டையப்போட (manṭaiyaip-pōṭa) || சாவ (cāva)|| இறக்க (irakka) || காலமாக (kālamāka)
|-
| - / ''to speak'' / ''to speak'' / ''to speak''
| - || பறைய (paṟaiya) (SL Tamil and Malayalam)<ref>[[:ta:பறை (சொல்விளக்கம்)]]</ref> || சொல்ல (solla) || கூற (kūra)
|-
| - / ''to talk reprovingly'' / ''to talk'', ''to chat''/ / ''to converse''
| - || பேச (pēca) (SL Tamil only), ஏச (ēca)(Some dialects) || பேச (pēca) (IN Tamil only), கதைக்க (SL Tamil only) || உரையாட (uṟaiyāṭa)
|}

Not all words in Tamil necessarily have a different colloquial, low, standard and high equivalents.

===-n, -l, -r===
Tamil nouns can end in ன் (n), ள் (ḷ) or ர் (r). ன் (n) and ள் (ḷ) are used to people of lesser social order to denote male and female respectively. ர் (r) is used as a form of respect to a person of higher social order.

Reflecting the importance of this ending, some Tamil castes have re-configured their caste names to end in /r/ rather than /n/, rendering them honorific.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DtjSpIRhNNMC&q=tamil+honorific+%2Fr%2F&pg=PA602 |title = Handbook of Research on Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship: A Co-evolutionary View on Resource Management|isbn = 9781847209962|last1 = Dana|first1 = Leo Paul|year = 2007| publisher=Edward Elgar }}</ref>

===Kār/Mār===
கார் (Kār) is a singular honorific suffix to refer to a single collective noun. காரர் (Kārar) is a higher form of கார் (Kār). For example, கடைக்கார் (kaṭaikār) means 'shop-keeper' while கடைக்காரர் (kaṭaikārar) can be translated as 'honourable shop-keeper'. It is used to show and maintain a respectful distance in a relationship, as such is used to refer to stranger(s).

மார் (Mār) is a plural honorific suffix used to refer to a collective noun. மாரர் (Mārar) is a higher form of மார் (Mār). For example, அக்காக்கள் (akkākkal) means 'elder sisters' and is a plural, அக்காமார் (Akkāmār) means 'those honourable elder sisters' and is a collective plural while அக்காமாரர் (Akkāmārar) can be translated as 'those venerable elder sisters' and is also a collective plural. It is used to show respectful closeness or appraisal in a relationship, as such is used to refer to familiar person(s).

===Ar===

னார் (Nār), ஞர் (ñar) and யார் (yār) is an [[honorific]] [[suffix]] affixed after a noun to highlight its influence or importance. Its use implies that the noun is a collective singular. The rules to conjugate them are as follows: if the noun ends with ன், its ending would be னார் (Nār); if a noun ends with ஞன் (ñan), its ending would be ஞர் (ñar); if a noun ends with ஐ (ai) or இ (i), its ending would be யார் (yār).

For example, தகப்பனார் (takappanār) is more polite than saying தகப்பன் (takappan). தகப்பன் (takappan) means 'father', so தகப்பனார் (takappanār) can be translated as 'respectable father'. Other examples include நாயனார் (nāyanār), இளைஞர் (iḷaiñar), மூப்பனார் (moopanār), etc.

===Ṭa/Ṭi===
டா (Ṭa) and டி (Ṭi) are deictic honorific suffixes used to referring male and females respectively of a lower social order. A verb usually precedes it.

==Personal pronouns==

The register of use can vary depending on the situation. For example, saying என் வீடு (En veeṭu) meaning 'my house' is considered rude even when if the house does not belong to the listener as it can suggest possessiveness.
For the purpose of this article, the order of register descends from majestic > official > standard > low.

{| class="wikitable"
! Person !! Tamil !! Meaning
|-
| 1st || அடியன் (Aṭiyan) || I (low) (obsolete) It literally means ''I, who am your footstep.'' Usually used by devotees to refer to a deity.<ref>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=David|title=The Dance of Siva: Religion, Art and Poetry in South India|year=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref>
|-
| 1st || நா (Nā) || I (standard)
|-
| 1st || நான்(Nān) || I (official)
|-
| 1st|| யான் (Yān) || I (official) (Old Tamil); now obsolete.<ref>{{cite book|last=Collins|first=Mark|title=Dravidic studies|year=1974|publisher=University of Madras}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=S.N. Ganesan|title=A contrastive grammar of Hindi and Tamil|publisher=University of Madras|pages=xliv}}</ref>
|-
| 1st || யாம் (Yām) || I (majestic) (exclusive)
|-
| 1st || யாங்கள் (yāngaḷ) || We (exclusive) (plural) (majestic)
|-
| 1st || நாங்கள் (Nāngaḷ) || We (exclusive)
|-
| 1st || நாம் (Nām) || We (inclusive)
|-
| 2nd|| நீ (Nī) || You (standard)
|-
| 2nd || நீர் (Nīr) || You (official)
|-
| 2nd|| தாம் (Tām) || You (majestic) It literally means 'self'; and is used so as to not address directly.
|-
| 2nd || நீங்கள் (Neengaḷ) || You (official) (plural)
|-
| 2nd || தாங்கள் (Tāngaḷ) || You (majestic) (plural)
|-
| 2nd || உன் (Un) || Your (low)
|-
| 2nd || உம் (Um) || Your (standard)
|-
| 2nd || உங்கள் (Ungaḷ) || Your (standard) (plural)
|-
| 2nd || தங்கள் (Tangaḷ) || Your (majestic) (plural)
|-
| 2nd || நின் (Nin) || Yours (official)
|-
| 2nd || தம் (Tam) || Your (majestic) (singular)
|-
| 3rd || அது (Atu) || Third person gender neutral (low)
|-
| 3rd|| அவன், அவள் (Avan, Avaḷ) || He, She (standard)
|-
| 3rd || அவர் (Avar) || Third person gender neutral (official) (respectful) (singular)
|-
| 3rd|| அவர்கள் (Avargaḷ) || Third person gender neutral (majestic) (plural) (singular)
|-
| 3rd || அது (Atu) || It/That; (standard) when referring to an object (singular)
|-
| 3rd || அவை (Avai) || Those; (standard) when referring to an object (plural)
|}<ref>{{cite web|title=உருபனியல்|url=http://www.tamilvu.org/courses/degree/a051/a0512/html/a0512663.htm|work=பெயர்ச்சொல்|publisher=Tamil Virtual University (TVU)|access-date=12 December 2011}}</ref>

===Others===
அவ்விடம் (avviṭam) which literally means 'that place' , இவ்விடம் (ivviṭam) and which literally means 'this place' உவ்விடம்(Uvviṭam) என் இடம்( En idam ) (my place)which literallybe used to politely differentiate between three parties without explicating the difference.<ref>{{cite book|last=Caldwell|first=Robert|title=A comparative grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian family of languages|year=1974|publisher=Oriental Books Reprint Corp.|pages=372}}</ref>

வொய் / வோய் (woi) can replace a [[Grammatical person|second person]] or [[proper noun]] in some southern dialects. It shows a lot of familiarity between the speakers. என்ன வொய்? (Enna voi) is a common phrase in districts like [[Madurai]] and [[Tirunelveli]], and can be roughly translated as 'Wassup?'

===Inclusives and exclusives===

Tamil differentiates between inclusive and exclusive plural pronouns. எம் (Em) is an exclusive 'our' whereas நம் (Nam) is an inclusive 'our'. It is usually more polite to use the latter.

===Demonstratives===

Tamil third person pronouns referred above also act as demonstratives as the initial prefix அ "a" refers to the person at a distance as opposed to the same pronoun used with the prefix இ "i" which refers to the person at a relative proximity:
அவன்/இவன் (Avan/Ivan); அவள்/இவள் (Avaḷ/Ivaḷ); அவர்/இவர் (Avar/Ivar); அது/இது (Atu/Itu); அவர்கள்/இவர்கள் (Avargaḷ/Ivargaḷ); அவை/இவை (Avai/Ivai).<ref>The World Atlas of Language Structures Online http://wals.info/chapter/43 1.5.Same Gender Markers</ref>

==Titular==

===Tiru===
'''Tiru''' ({{langx|ta|திரு}}),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alphonso-Karkala |first=John B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KO5jAAAAMAAJ&q=tiru+sacred+or+holy |title=An Anthology of Indian Literature |date=1971 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-021248-8 |pages=291 |language=en}}</ref> also rendered '''Thiru''', is a Tamil [[honorific]] [[prefix]] used while addressing adult males and is the equivalent of the [[English language|English]] "[[Mr.|Mr]]" or the [[French language|French]] "[[Monsieur]]". The female equivalent of the term is ''tirumati''.

''Tiru'' is a word that means "sacred" or "holy".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&dq=tiru+sacred+or+holy&pg=PA415 |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |date=2010 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6 |pages=415 |language=en}}</ref> It is also a [[Tamil people|Tamil]] name for the deity [[Mahavishnu|Vishnu]], who is called [[Perumal (deity)|Tirumal]] (திருமால்), and his consort [[Lakshmi]], who is called Tirumakal (திருமகள்) in Tamil.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Carman |first1=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FrATjqi_QIUC&dq=tiru+sacred+or+holy&pg=PR17 |title=The Tamil Veda: Pillan's Interpretation of the Tiruvaymoli |last2=Narayanan |first2=Vasudha |date=1989-05-17 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-09305-5 |pages=xvii |language=en}}</ref> It also indicates "wealth", "respect", and "name" in Tamil.

The word ''tiru'' is a prefix of many city-names, such as [[Trivandrum]] or [[Thiruvananthapuram]]; [[Thiruchendur]], [[Thiruvaiyaru]], Thiruvenkadam, [[Tirumala]], [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupati]], [[Thiruchirappalli|Tiruchirappalli]], [[Tirukoilur]], Tirukumaran, and [[Tiruvannamalai]].

===Selvan/Selvi===
These are used to refer to unmarried people.
செல்வன் (Selvan): is the Tamil equivalent of [[Master (form of address)|Master]].
செல்வி (Selvi): is the Tamil equivalent of [[Miss]].

==Honorary==

===Avarkaḷ/Vāḷ===
அவர்கள் (Avarkaḷ) and வாள் (Vāḷ) are honorific suffixes that affix after a noun. They are used to show respect to people of equal or higher social order. For example, ஜோன்-அவர்கள் (Jōn-avarkaḷ), ஐயர்-வாள் (Aiyar-Vāḷ). The அவர்கள் (Avarkaḷ) honorific can only be used in third person reference.

===Kanam===
கனம் (kanam) means 'weight' in Tamil. It is used as a [[prefix]], usually to refer to a judge. It is equivalent to the English '[[The Right Worshipful]]'.

===Mānpumiku===
மாண்புமிகு (mānpumiku) is a [[prefix]] meaning 'very respectable' and is equivalent to the English '[[The Right Honourable]]', it is usually followed by a noun.

===Aiyā/Yā===
ஐயா (Aiyā) is an honorific [[suffix]] literally meaning 'Father'. It can be used to mean 'respectful' when addressing someone of equal or higher social order.

யா (yā) is a contraction of ஐயா (Aiyā), and is also an honorific [[suffix]] attached to a noun. It shows familiarity between the speakers, and can be a faux pas if not used properly. In this context, யோ (yō) can fully replace the noun.

===Ammā===
அம்மா (Ammā) can also act as an honorific [[suffix]] to show respect to an elderly or middle-aged female of higher social order. It can be equivalent to the [[English language|English]] 'Mother'.

===Amuni===
அமுனி (Amuni) or அம்முனி (Ammuni) is an [[honorific]] [[suffix]] also equivalent to the English 'Lady', but restricted to young women or girls of higher social order. Its use is usually restricted to rural dialects where social order is much more defined.

===Aṇṇācci/Aṇṇātai===
அண்ணாச்சி (aṇṇācci) strictly means 'elder brother' and is a corruption of அண்ணா (aṇṇā). More often, it is used to address a leader of a gang. அண்ணாத்தை (aṇṇātai) with the same meaning and etymology is also used in some dialects.

===Chellam===
செல்லம் (Chellam) is equivalent to the [[English language|English]] 'dear'. It can be used as a [[suffix]] to show endearment.

===Kuṭṭi===
குட்டி (kuṭṭi) literally means 'tiny'. It can be used as an endearing [[suffix]] while referring to children.

===Maccān/Maccini===
மச்சான் (machchān), or மச்சினன் (maccinan) in literary Tamil, is a title used to refer to a [[brother-in-law]]. Maccini is its female equivalent. Machchan, or its contraction Machchi can also be used colloquially between friends as an expression of familiarity or fraternity.

===Mā/Pā===
These contractions of ammā and appā can act as an endearing suffix in colloquial [[Tamil language|Tamil]] when referring to females and males, respectively, of a lower social order than self. It is usually preceded by a verb. For example, ''wā-pā'' is a more endearing and polite manner for an elderly person such as a mother to invite someone younger than themselves such as a son instead of simply ''wā''.

===Periyavar/Periyavanga===
பெரியவர் (periyavar) means 'lit. he/she who is big' is used to refer to an elderly stranger. Although, technically it is gender neutral, it usually refers to men. While பெரியவங்க (Periyavanga) literally meaning 'they who are big' is used for women instead. However, it is not a faux pas to use kinship honorifics to strangers.

===Piḷḷai===
In some dialects of Tamil, it is common for adults to call young people or children பிள்ளை (Piḷḷai) or its contraction ல (ḷa) used as a [[suffix]]. பிள்ளை (Piḷḷai) means 'child' in Tamil.

==Ecclesiastical==
These are titles used in clerical orders in Tamil. They may be religion specific or pan-religious.

===Aiyar===
ஐயர் (Aiyar) is a general title for 'priest' usually used to refer to [[Hindu]] priests. The priest in question does not have to belong to the [[Aiyar|Iyer]] community. It means 'father'.

===Āyar/Pērāyar===
ஆயர் (āyar) means 'shepherd' in [[Old Tamil]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Pillai|first=Purnalingam|title=Tamil Literature|year=1994|publisher=Asian Educational services|isbn=81-206-0955-7|pages=5}}</ref> used by the [[Catholic]] and [[Anglican]] priests. பேராயர் (pērāyar) is Tamil for [[bishop]].

===Aṭigaḷ===
அடிகள் (aṭigaḷ) is a pan-religious title used to denote priests or monks and is a Tamil alternative to the Sanskrit 'swami'. Notable examples include [[Ilango Adigal]], a Jain monk who composed the [[Silappatikaram]] and [[Maraimalai Adigal]]. It means 'footsteps'.

=== Āḻvār ===
ஆழ்வார் ([[Alvars|Alvar]]) is the title afforded to a celebrated group of twelve Vaishnavaite saint-poets. It means 'they who are deeply immersing themselves in devotion to divinity'.

===Cittar===
சித்தர் (cittar) were a group of saints that had achieved [[Ashta siddhi]] who founded the [[Siddha medicine]].

===Nāyanār===
நாயனார் ([[Nayanars|Nāyanārs]]) were a celebrated group of sixty-three Shaivaite saint-poets.

===Poocāri===
பூசாரி (poocāri) is a title used to refer to priests of rural non-Agamic deities.

===Turavi===
துறவி (turavi) is a pan-religious title used specifically for monks or nuns, or generally those who have left worldly life for spirituality.

==Kinship==

===Āyā===
ஆயா (Aaya) is a title which can mean 'grandma'. It is usually used for elderly maids, or wet nurse.

===Appan, Aiyan, Accan and Attān===
அப்பன் (Appan), ஐயன் (Aiyan), and அச்சன் (Achchan) have the semantic root meaning 'father'. However, they can be used differently depending on the context. Appan and Accan are usually used to refer to fathers. Attan can also be used to refer to a sister's husband, or simply endearingly by females. Aiyan or Aiya can be used to refer to scholars, or to show respect to a member of higher social order. They can all act as a [[suffix]].

===Ammā, Āttā, Ācci, Amman and Ammaiyar===
அம்மா (Ammā), ஆத்தா (āttā), ஆச்சி (āchchi), அம்மன் (Amman) and அம்மையார் (Ammaiyar) all have the semantic root meaning 'mother', literally means mother. However, they can be used differently depending on the context. அம்மா (Ammā) is the standard register equivalent to 'mum', ஆத்தா (ātta) is a more familiar register, usually used in rural dialects, and is equivalent to 'mummy', and அம்மையார் (Ammaiyar) is the highest register equivalent to 'mother'.

அம்மா (Ammā) can also act as an honorific [[suffix]] to show respect to an elderly or middle-aged female of higher social order. It can be equivalent to the [[English language|English]] 'Lady'.

ஆச்சி (āchchi) is an endearing and more familiar title for [[grandmother]]. [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]], a veteran [[Tamil people|Tamil]] actress is affectionately known by this name. Occasionally, அம்மாச்சி (Ammāchchi), a portmanteau of the words அம்மா (Ammā) and ஆச்சி (āchchi) is also used.

அம்மன் (Amman), on its own or as a suffix refers to a range of non-Agamic folk goddesses. See [[Village deities of Tamil Nadu]] and [[Village deities of Tamils of Sri Lanka]].

=== Tōḻan/Tōḻi ===
தோழன் (tōḻan) can be translated as 'comrade' or 'friend'. தோழி (tōḻi) is its female equivalent. A prefix மன (mana) can be affixed in front to mean best man and bridesmaid respectively. [[Cuntarar]] was known as 'Tampiran tōḻan' or '''Comrade of the Master'''. It is of high register, and as such is not used in spoken Tamil. Within the communist parties of India based in Tamil Nadu, members often refer to each other as தோழர் (tōḻar) regardless of gender.

==Occupational==

===Teacher===
வாத்தியார் (vāttiyār) and ஆசிரியர் (āciriyar) both can refer to teachers. வாத்தி (vātti) a contraction of வாத்தியார் (vāttiyār) is a more familiar address to teachers, and is usually frowned upon.

===Poet===
புலவர் (pulavar) is the Tamil [[honorific]] [[suffix]] for poets. Notable recipients include [[Tiruvalluvar]], [[Umaru Pulavar]], Mayilvagana Pulavar and [[Kumaraswamy Pulavar]].

Although, கவிஞன் (kaviñar) is also used, which is a [[prefix]]. A notable recipient is கவிஞர் கண்ணதாசன் (Kaviñar Kannadasan).

===Orator===
நாவலர் (nāvalar) is the Tamil [[honorific]] [[suffix]] for orators. A notable recipient is [[Arumuka Navalar]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Sri]]

{{Tamil language}}
{{Honorifics}}

[[Category:Titles in India]]
[[Category:Tamil language]]
[[Category:Honorifics by language]]

Vaijnath Mohiniraj Pundlik

2026-02-12T03:21:06Z

PercySpivakovsky: put up the article w/ refs

{{more citations needed|date=November 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox architect
|name=Vaijnath Pundlik
|image=
|birth_date={{Birth date |df=yes|1913|12|23}}
|birth_place=[[Parli Vaijnath]], [[State of Hyderabad]], [[British India]]
|death_date={{Death date |df=yes|2009|3|9}}
|death_place= [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
|practice= Central Public Work Department, Delhi
|significant_buildings= Indian Parliament
|significant_projects=Income tax offices at Bihar, Punjab, Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Bangal, Uttar Pradesh
|awards=
}}

'''Vaijnath Mohiniraj Pundlik''' (23 December 1913 – 9 March 2009) was an Indian [[architect]],<ref name=ZZZ>दैनिक प्रभात - उपासना व्यायामामुळे जीवन सुखद. Retrieved 18 January 2004. {{full citation needed|date=September 2018}}</ref> considered an important figure of South Asian architecture and noted for his contributions to the evolution of architectural discourse in India. He is known for his contributions to the architecture of [[Indian Parliament]] at Delhi.

==Early life==
Vaijnath Mohiniraj Pundlik was born in [[Parli Vaijnath]], [[India]]. His father was working in postal and telegram department. His father had a transferable job and had service at many places in [[Maharashtra]]. Vaijnath Mohiniraj Pundlik studied his schooling at [[Pandharpur]] and [[Parbhani]]. At that time, [[Parbhani]] was in [[Nizam]] territory. Learning of [[Urdu]] language was mandatory in the schools at Parbhani. He studied at Kalabhavan College and the [[Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art|J. J. School of Architecture]], [[Mumbai]]. He completed {Intermediate Architect at Kalabhavan College and Advance Diploma at J. J. School of Architecture.<ref name=ZZZ />

==Career==
He started his career at Suvarnapathaki and Sons as Draftsman in 1934. He migrated to [[Delhi]] and joined at "Delhi Improvements". Later he joined "Central Public Work Department" as senior draftsman in 1938. He has done number of architectures in Delhi during his service.<ref name=ZZZ />

==Works==
* Architecture of Indian Parliament for the capacity for 500 from 148 on request of [[Ganesh Vasudev Mavlankar]], the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha. This arrangement is still being used after 60 years.
* Ashok Statue near Rashtrapati Bhavan
* Central Excise department building
* Income tax office in Delhi
* Income tax offices at [[Bihar]], [[Punjab]], [[Kashmir]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Bangal]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]

==Exercise and Parvati Hill Climbing==
He had built his body during schooling and was climbing Parvati hill for more than 25 years everyday till the age of 93 from year 1973 after retirement from government service.<ref name=ZZZ />

==Awards and recognition==
He was rewarded in Pune in 2003 <ref>[http://www.loksatta.com/old/daily/20030902/npvnws08.html ऋषितुल्य तपस्वींच्या कार्यातून दैनिक लोकसत्ता]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Death==
He died on 9 March 2009 at [[Pune]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pundlik, Vaijnath Mohiniraj}}
[[Category:Artists from Pune]]
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian architects]]

Viswema

2026-02-11T15:00:11Z

PercySpivakovsky: fix

{{short description|Village and Metropolitan area in Nagaland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Viswema
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Village]] and [[Metropolitan area]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 300
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 1/2/1/2
| image1 = Aerial view of Viswema.jpeg
| caption1 = Partial aerial view of Viswema with [[Barail Range]]
| image2 = Interior Viswema.jpg
| caption2 = Pavo–mi view
| image3 = Viswema view.jpg
| caption3 = Kirhazou-mi area
| image4 = Catholic Church, Viswema.jpg
| caption4 = Viswema Catholic Church
| image5 = Teyozwü.jpg
| caption5 = [[Teyozwü Hill]]
}}
| nickname =
| image_map1 = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=250|frame-align=center|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=8|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=12|frame-lat=25.56|frame-long=94.1463}}
| coordinates = {{coord|25.5607|N|94.1463|E|display=it}}

| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location within Nagaland
| pushpin_map = India Nagaland#India#Asia#Earth
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Viswema
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Administrative divisions of India#Regions|Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Northeast India]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kohima district|Kohima District]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = Wards
| parts = 2
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = [[Gram panchayat|Village Council]]
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch|Chairman]]
| leader_name = Tebül Neikha
| leader_title1 = Body
| leader_name1 = [[Viswema Village Council]]
| total_type = 
| area_footnotes =
| area_magnitude = 
| area_total_km2 = 
| area_land_km2 = 
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank1_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m = 1631
| elevation_min_m =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_rank =
| population_total = 7417
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]]
| population_blank1 = Viswe–mi ''viswe–miko'' ''so tteyo phi–mi''
| population_density_blank1_km2 =
| population_blank2_title = Dialect
| population_blank2 = [[Angami language#Keyho|Keyho]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 797005
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#NL.E2.80.94Nagaland|NL-01]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1074 females per 1000 males [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Temperate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| website = {{URL|nagaland.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Viswema''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|i|s|w|ɛ|m|ə}}) is a [[Southern Angami]] [[Naga people|Naga]] village in the [[Kohima district|Kohima District]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Nagaland]]. With a resident population of 7417, it is the second biggest village in the state and is part of the contiguous built-up of the Kohima Metropolitan Area that extends into the neighboring areas of [[Jakhama]], [[Kigwema]] and [[Khuzama]] in the Southern Angami region, forming the second largest urban agglomerations in Nagaland. Its vast territory also lies across the inter-state boundary in [[Manipur]] where notable features including [[Mount Tempü]] (Iso) at 9822 feet (2994m) also the highest peak in Manipur, the thick forest of [[Kezol-tsa Forest|Kezol-tsa]] and a major portion of the [[Dzüko Valley]] is located.

Located 22 km south of [[Kohima]], the capital of Nagaland, it is considered to be one of the oldest [[Tenyimi]] village with most [[Chakhesang]] villages and also many other Angami villages pointing their origin towards Viswema.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iitg.ac.in/samudravijaya/publ/18OCOCOSDA_P7_AngamiVowels.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjLoa7OkrPpAhVbyjgGHYS4BEAQFjAWegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw27J-rgMfifHC9UGrnhXlIA|title=Acoustic analysis of vowels in two Southern Angami dialects|website=www.iitg.ac.in|access-date=2020-05-14}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Traditionally, it is believed that Viswema, and its three neighbouring villages–[[Jakhama]], [[Kidima]], [[Kezoma]]–are descendants from the ancestor Keyho. The four villages were formed by his sons, Viswe, Vikien, Thoran, and Levi respectively.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 May 2022 |title=Kohima: Four villages commemorates ancestral significance of lineage |url=https://morungexpress.com/kohima-four-villages-commemorates-ancestral-significance-of-lineage |access-date=21 November 2025 |work=[[The Morung Express]] |pages=1}}</ref> Viswema is loosely translated as 'a place of people with virtue and integrity.'

The village is also known as Ve-sr-wü–ra by the [[Chokri language|Chokri Chakhesangs]] and Shüna–mai by the [[Sopvoma language|Ememei Maos]].

== History ==
=== Early period ===
The history of Viswema, according to oral history begins with the founding of ''Kipizwü'', some two km west of the village by ''Viswe''. ''Viswe'' was a descendant of ''[[Keyho]]'', who migrated from [[East Asia]] crossing [[Burma]], [[Manipur (princely state)|Manipur]] and finally settling in Viswema.

The ancestors lived there for several generations till the invasion of the Burmese-[[Karen people|Karens]], who were known to ''Viswe–miko'' as ''Kherenümi''. The defeat inflicted on the Burmese invaders gave a sense of confidence and ''Viswe–mi'' became more assertive and grew in great numbers. They began to move out in search of suitable environment for permanent settlement. They therefore came down to the present site of the village.<ref name=":0">Vizol Khamo, Akhale.:''Towards a Better World'', 2016. Heritage Publishing House. Dimapur.</ref>

In the past Viswema was known for making fine pottery ware. For any function and rituals earthen pots were purchased from Viswema by neighboring communities.<ref name=":3">Nepuni, William.: [https://books.google.com/books?id=uXWiDcJwlCMC&q=pottery ''Socio-cultural History of Shüpfomei Naga Tribe''], 2010. Mittal Publications. New Delhi.</ref>

=== Pre-Modern era ===
'''Invasion of the Manipuri armies'''
<blockquote>
"It was said that the Manipuris could not subdue Viswema given its large size. The armies could only defeat the village on its third attempt.

Before the invasion began a Manipuri messenger was sent to Viswema with something tied in a piece of cloth. When the parcel reached Viswema and the cloth was unwrapped, they found out it was ash. So the entire village intellectuals gathered around to figure out what it meant until someone stood up and said ''“it means they will burn down our village to ashes.”'' And so the Viswemis agreed to this and sent the messenger back to [[Manipur (princely state)|Manipur]] with grinded [[Naga Morich|Naga King Chilly]] tied in the same piece of cloth meaning ''“Attack us if you want to know what pain feels like.”''

— Oral history{{efn|name=Oral_History|Oral History.}}
</blockquote>

The Manipuris invaded Viswema twice, but could not succeed in subduing it. However, after the end of the [[Anglo-Naga War]] in 1879 the British occupied Kohima and set up a military post and built strong barricade around the station with armed police. But the garrison was besieged by Naga warriors. Meantime the British sought help from the Manipuri Raja. The [[Chandrakirti Singh|Manipuri Raja Chandrakirti Singh]] led around a thousand of his army and rushed to Kohima and after a brief engagement with the Naga warriors lifted the sieged and saved the British.

The Manipuri Army went on a rampage and captured a Kohima boy and buried him alive in the heart of the town. They covered the grave with a huge stone on which the foot print of the Manipuri Raja was engraved. This stone was removed by the Naga Youth Movement leaders in 1956.

At the time of the Manipuri army withdrawal from Kohima, the ''Viswe–miko'' left their village and hid their food grains in trenches and waited for their return from Kohima. When the Manipuris arrived and finding none set the village ablaze and proceeded homewards. Viswema warriors then attacked them from the rear, throwing them in confusion and disorder. Many were killed and their arms looted, while the rest fled to their country.<ref name=":0"/>

=== Modern era ===
* '''World War II'''
{{See also|World War II}}
When the [[Operation U-Go|Japanese]] and [[Indian National Army|INA]] soldiers entered Naga Hills in early April 1944, many of them stayed at the outskirt of the village. They dug trenches and built strong bunkers everywhere in the vicinity of the village. Since the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] operation against Japanese occupation of Kohima, Viswema was continuously hit by explosive missiles which were fired by cannons from Kohima and later on from [[Kigwema]] as launching pads. Many people were killed and injured. On 10 June 1944, a message from the Allies sources was conveyed to the village elders telling them to evacuate their village. The village was evacuated the next day. Bombings on 14 June continued till the village which had more than 600 houses at that time was completely razed to the ground. The same evening the Japanese forces at Viswema retreated to the route by which they had entered Naga Hills two months back. Viswema was then taken over by the Allies.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{cite web |last=John |first=Rusovil |date=4 April 2016 |title=The little known 2nd WW-II at Viswema, Nagaland |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/the-little-known-2nd-ww-at-viswema-nagaland/ |access-date=16 May 2021 |website=Eastern Mirror Nagaland}}</ref>

* '''1965 Naga National Council General Convention'''
On 21 May 1965, NNC had its General Convention after a gap of nine years. Imkongmeren, Vice President of the Naga National Council presided. He observed,''“The art of peace making is much more difficult than the science of war.”'' The two resolutions passed at the session were: reaffirmation of [[A. Z. Phizo]] as their leader and earnest wish that the government and people of India recognise the right of the Nagas to self-determination so that the cherished hope and the deep search for permanent peace to live together as good friends, good neighbours, may be fruitful and fulfilled. At the session, Lungshim Shaiza announced the dissolution of the Democratic Party.<ref name=":3" />

* '''2010 Mao Gate Incident'''
{{main|2010 Mao Gate Incident}}

On 5 May 2010, [[Thuingaleng Muivah]] the present general secretary of the [[National Socialist Council of Nagaland|NSCN-IM]] arrived at Viswema on his way to his home village of [[Somdal]] in the [[Ukhrul district|Ukhrul District]] of Manipur which was strongly opposed by the [[Government of Manipur|Manipur government]]. Muivah stayed overnight at Viswema which was nearby on the inter-state border.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/muivah-heads-home-despite-manipur-ban/615607/
|title=Muivah heads home despite Manipur ban|website=[[Indian Express]]|access-date=2020-07-13}}</ref> The next day thousands gathered at [[Mao Gate]] to protest against the Manipur State Government's decision to prevent the entry of Muivah into Manipur but violence broke out between the civilians and security forces stationed at the Manipur–Nagaland border. On that day, two students were killed in indiscriminate firing by security forces of Manipur. Scores were injured.

* '''2010 Indian Army helicopter crash'''
On 18 August 2010, an [[Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama]] crashed after takeoff at the slopes of [[Teyozwü Hill]]. All three army personnel on board were killed immediately on impact.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/chopper-crash-colonel-among-three-army-men-killed/690735|title=Chopper Crash: Colonel Among Three Army Men Killed|date=18 August 2010|website=[[Outlook India]]|access-date=15 July 2021}}</ref>

== Clans ==
The Viswe–mi people are divided into four [[clan]]s. These clans are further divided into sub-clans known as '''‘Sara-miko’''' which are the '''‘last names/family names’''' that the people are identified with.<ref>Pereira, Melvil. Dutta, Bitopi. Kakati, Binita.:[https://books.google.com/books?id=UJsuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT108 ''Legal Pluralism and Indian Democracy: Tribal Conflict Resolution Systems in Northeast India''], 2017. Taylor & Francis. Oxfordshire.</ref> They are, namely:

=== Kirhazou-mi ===
The family names of the Kkrah-zwü-mi (also Kirhazou-mi) clan are:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
!style="background-color:crimson" | '''Thenü (clan)'''
!style="background-color:#DAA520" | '''Sara-miko''' (surname)
!style="background-color:#c8b0ff" |'''Lo-kryo''' (middle name)
|-
| rowspan=5|'''Kirha'''
| '''Kikhi'''
|
* Mese
* Lile
* Zona
* Thucho
* Puswe
|-
| '''Rhetso'''
|
* Zale
* Krachü
* Rase
|-
| '''Thapo'''
|
|-
| '''Vitsu'''
|
* Zale
* Merwu
* Füzwe
* Yorwu
* Püzwe
* Pocho
|-
|}

=== Pavo-mi ===
The Pavo-mi clan is divided into two sub-clans—''Tepa'' and ''Tevo'' which forms the ''Pavo–mi'' (''te'''PA''''' and ''te'''VO'''''). The family names are:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
!style="background-color:crimson" | '''Thenü (clan)'''
!style="background-color:#DAA520" | '''Sara–miko (surname)'''
|-
| rowspan=5|'''Tepa'''
| '''Kiso'''
|-
| '''Phiyie'''
|-
| '''Toso'''
|-
| '''Valeo'''
|-
| '''Zaphü'''
|-
| rowspan=3|'''Tevo'''
| '''Choyo'''
|-
| '''Khanyo'''
|-
| '''Puyo'''
|-
|}

=== Rachü-mi ===
The family names of the Rachü-mi clan are:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
!style="background-color:crimson" | '''Thenü (clan)'''
!style="background-color:#DAA520" | '''Sara-miko''' (surname)
|-
| rowspan=9|'''Rachü'''
| '''Kin'''
|-
| '''Kweho'''
|-
| '''Lcho'''
|-
| '''Neikha'''
|-
| '''Noswe'''
|-
| '''Pusa'''
|-
| '''Rhütso'''
|-
| '''Sothu'''
|-
| '''Theyo'''
|-
|}

=== Yeri-mi ===
Commonly romanized as '''''Zheri-mi'''''. The family names of the Yeri-mi clan are:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
!style="background-color:crimson" | '''Thenü (clan)'''
!style="background-color:#DAA520" | '''Sara-miko''' (surname)
!style="background-color:#c8b0ff" |'''Lo-kryo''' (middle name)
|-
| rowspan=9|'''Yeri'''
| '''Dzüne'''
|
|-
| '''Hibo'''
|
* Ngoti
* Sakhrü (Sakhrie)
* Vohi
|-
| '''Kechü'''
|
|-
| '''Kenna-o'''
|
* Chel
* Nukwu
* Posole
* Yoho
|-
| '''[[Koso (Naga surname)|Koso]]'''
|
* Hoyo
* Rakhwe-l
* Vitso-n
|-
| '''Mekro'''
|
|-
| '''Nale-o'''
|
* Nale–eso
* Nale–ekhryo
|-
| '''Pucho'''
|
|-
| '''Tsükrü'''
|
|-
|}

== Geography ==
[[File:Dzukou Valley.jpg|thumb|centre|Dzüko Valley situated in the western part of Viswema]]

Viswema is situated at {{convert|1631|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] on the eastern part of the [[Purvanchal Range|Barail]] mountain range. It is bounded on the west by [[Zeliangrong]] villages, on the north by Jakhama, on the east by Kidima, on the south-east by Pudunamei (Manipur) and on the south by Khuzama.

=== Topography ===
The Jakhama boundary on the north is marked by a river known as ''Kerho–l'' and on the south, the Khuzama boundary is marked by another river known as ''Chokhwi–l'' or ''Kezo–l''. Both the river flows in parallel direction to meet at the ''Dzü-ü'' river which later flows into the biggest river in Nagaland—the ''[[Doyang]]'' in [[Wokha District]].

[[Mount Tempü]], the highest peak in Viswema (also the highest peak in the present day state of [[Manipur]]) with an altitude of {{convert|2994|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level,<ref>Mekr0, Y. (2014) Rocks of Nagaland. Mittal Publications. p 80.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web | url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/once-a-year-this-naga-village-turns-into-tiny-wonderland/| title=Once a year, this Naga village turns into a tiny wonderland|date=1 February 2019| website=Eastern Mirror Nagaland|access-date=23 March 2021}}</ref> the highest elevation of the surrounding area is located to the south western part of Viswema. Its summit can be reached easily by the ''[[Khiyo–ke]]'' route.

On the western side is the [[Dzüko Valley]] which includes a range of hillocks, the valley is drained by the [[Dzüko River]] which flows in a westerly direction forming the present day inter-state boundary between Nagaland and Manipur. On its southern side, the Dzüko Valley is flanked by the thick wooded [[Kezol-tsa Forest]] which has diverse species of flora and fauna.

=== Climate ===
Viswema has warm summers and cool dry winters. Snow falls occasionally on higher altitudes.<ref name=":1"/>

{{climate chart
|Viswema
| 6| 20|42.99
| 8| 23|50.02
| 12| 26|153.25
|14|27|341.37
|16|27|520.94
|18|27|810.43
|19|27|1117.85
|19|27|892.80
|18|27|641.82
|14|26|461.40
|10|24|67.09
|8|21|36.31
|float=right
|clear=none
|units=metric
|source=World Weather Online<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldweatheronline.com/viswema-weather-averages/manipur/in.aspx|title=Viswema Climate Weather Averages|website=World Weather Online|access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref>
}}

== Wards ==
Viswema comprises two wards:
* [[Swe–ba|Swe–ba ward]]
* [[Tepul ward]]

== Demographics ==
Viswema is located in Jakhama Sub-Division of Kohima District, Nagaland with total 1369 families residing. It has a population of 7417 of which 3576 are males while 3841 are females as per Population Census 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/268269-viswema-nagaland.html|title=Census2011, Viswema village Data}}</ref>

In Viswema the Average Sex Ratio is 1074 which is higher than Nagaland state average of 931. Child Sex Ratio for the Viswema as per census is 1076, higher than Nagaland average of 943.

=== Religion ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Viswema (2011)<ref name=":2"/>
|label1 = [[Christianity]]
|value1 = 98.09
|color1 = crimson
|label2 = [[Pfütsana]]
|value2 = 01.00
|color2 = #32127A
|label3 = Others
|value3 = 00.01
|color3 = #FFEF00
}}
[[Christianity]] is the dominant religion in Viswema, practised by almost 99% of its population with very few individuals from Kirhazou-mi and Pavo-mi Clans still practicing ''[[Pfütsana]]'', the indigenous folk religion.<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/nagaland/in-christian-nagaland-indigenous-religion-of-pre-christian-nagas-withstand-test-of-time-5010777/|date=7 January 2018|website=[[The Indian Express]]|title=In Christian Nagaland, indigenous religion of pre-Christian Nagas withstands test of time|access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref> [[Nagaland Baptist Church Council|Baptist]], [[Christian Revival Church|Christian Revival]] and [[Roman Catholic]] makes up the Christian population.

== Economy ==
In Viswema, most people were engaged in the civil service which serves as the main source of its economy. {{as of|2016|alt=In 2016}}, 62% of the people were engaged in [[civil service]], 4% were involved in [[private sector]] and 34%
of the people were engaged in agriculture. A large number of Government and Private employees commute to and fro to their workplaces in Kohima daily.<ref name=":2">
{{cite web
| url = https://euroasiapub.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/30ESSMay-3630-1.pdf
| title = CONTINUITY AND CHANGE AMONG THE NAGAS' : A CASE OF VISWEMA
| work = Nale-o, Meleto. Ali, Maqbul
| publisher =
| date = May 2016
| pages = 10
| access-date = 7 January 2022}}</ref>

== Culture and attractions ==
[[File:Old Church Building, Viswema.jpg|thumb|centre|Old Viswema Catholic Church]]

=== Festivals ===
Apart from the major religious festivals like [[Christmas]], [[Easter]], etc. the village also celebrates several local festivals.
* '''''Te–l Khukhu'''''
{{main|Te–l Khukhu}}

''Te–l Khukhu'' is a festival that falls on the 13th of ''Chünyi'' (July). It is a time of giving and sharing of food with each other. This is the only festival dedicated for girls. Come July and the young damsels are abuzz with preparations for the ''Te–l Khukhu'' festival. They start collecting wild flowers in advance to decorate the particular ''Chokrwu'' (eaves at the entrance of a house) they decide on. The most common flowers are ''Khwüso Pü'' ([[Ginger lily]], Hedychium aurantiacum wall), ''Phakü Pü'' (Rock butterfly lily, Hedychium ellepticum Buch), ''Terü su'' and ''Tsakoshe Pitha Nü'' (Tender Maize). Gone were the days when different animistic rituals were performed but with the advent of Christianity the rituals were no longer performed. Today it is celebrated as a time of get-togetherness and sharing the little you have with your dear and near ones.<ref name="Resurgence">Sothu, Neithono.: ''Resurgence'', 2013. Viswema Students' Union. Viswema. pp. 36–37.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/viswema-village-celebrates-te-l-khukhu-festival/|title=Viswema celebrates Te–l Khukhu festival|date=7 July 2017|website=Eastern Mirror Nagaland|access-date=22 December 2020}}</ref>

=== Places of interest ===
* '''Dzüko Valley'''
{{Main|Dzüko Valley}}

The main entry to Dzüko Valley is from Viswema where one can travel to the rest house above Teyozwü by a [[Tata Sumo]] taxi. From here one has to climb forty minutes to the top of the mountain. This is where Dzüko starts but the main valley is still another two hours walk away.

* '''Mount Tempü'''
{{Main|Mount Tempü}}

This is the highest peak in Viswema situated at an altitude of 2994m above sea level. The best time to visit this peak is during the snow covered winter months.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/once-a-year-this-naga-village-turns-into-tiny-wonderland/| title=Once a year, this Naga village turns into a tiny wonderland|date=1 February 2019| website=Eastern Mirror Nagaland|access-date=7 January 2022}}</ref>

* '''''Teyozwü'''''
{{Main|Teyozwü Hill}}

This is a hill located between Viswema and the Dzüko valley.

* '''Hope Garden'''
This is a garden located above Viswema on the way to Dzüko valley. It is also a part family burial ground of a ''Yeri–mi'' clan.

* '''Latakhrü Park'''
Latakhrü Park is located at Krayo which provides a resting shed to travelers and also farmers on the route.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.morungexpress.com/latakhr-park-to-serve-public| title=Latakhrü Park 'to serve public'|date=18 April 2021| website=[[The Morung Express]]|access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref>

=== Cuisines ===
* '''''Zawo'''''
{{See also|Galho}}
''Zawo'' or commonly known as ''Galho'' among the Angamis is also a popular dish in Viswema. It is a mix dish made of rice, vegetables and various meats.

* '''''Mesü'''''
''Mesü'' is pork or beef cooked with its blood. It is a common cuisine among the Tenyimis but the ''Mesü'' of Viswema is considered to be the best.

=== Film ===
Some portions of the 2005 film ''[[Were I the Moon? The Legend of Sopfünuo]]'' was filmed in Viswema.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/folklore-premiere-in-naga-film-young-filmmaker-turns-popular-tale-of-a-gritty-woman-into-celluloid/cid/1667596|title=Folklore premiere in Naga film - Young filmmaker turns popular tale of a gritty woman into celluloid|website=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|date=6 January 2006|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref>

== Education ==
Viswema has a higher literacy rate compared to Nagaland. In 2011, the literacy rate of Viswema was 80.69% compared to 79.55% of Nagaland. In Viswema Male literacy stands at 86.91% while female literacy rate was 74.89%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/268269-viswema-nagaland.html|title=Literacy rate in Viswema as per Census 2011}}</ref>

'''Educational Institutions in Viswema:'''
*[[John Government Higher Secondary School]]
*[[St. Joseph's Higher Secondary School, Viswema|St. Joseph's Higher Secondary School]]
*[[Viswema Baptist School]]

The [[St. Joseph's College, Jakhama]] is located about two km from Viswema.

== Government and politics ==
=== Government ===
Viswema is headed by the chairman of the Viswema Village Council. The council does not only represent the citizens of Viswema but every citizens of Viswe–mi residing in and outside Viswema. The council is responsible for customary practices, public safety, welfare services, etc. The [[chairman]] and council members are elected to five-year term. The term for the chairman and council members lasts five years and only has a one term limit.

=== Politics ===
Viswema falls under the [[Southern Angami II Assembly constituency|Southern Angami II]] constituency, of the [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]].

== Sports ==
=== Football ===
Viswema is known for its football club Viswemi FC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.morungexpress.com/20th-nsf-martyrs-memorial-trophy-2019-viswemi-fc-face-centurion-fc-grand-finale|title=20th NSF Martyrs' Memorial Trophy 2019: Viswemi FC to face Centurion FC in grand finale|date=19 October 2019|website=[[The Morung Express]]|access-date=1 August 2021}}</ref>

=== Traditional sports ===
* '''''Kene'''''
{{See also|Kene (Naga wrestling)}}
''Kene'', the [[folk wrestling]] style and traditional [[sport]] of the [[Naga people|Nagas]] is also a popular local sport in Viswema. Viswema biennially sends its wrestling title-holder to participate in the [[Naga Wrestling Championship]].

* '''''Pcheda'''''
{{Main|Pcheda}}

Pcheda is a traditional game that requires players to throw thin bamboo sticks from a set distance. An open competition is held annually in the month of January.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nagalandpost.com/pcheda-competition-held-at-viswema/188910.html|title=Pcheda competition held at Viswema|date=20 January 2019|website=[[Nagaland Post]]|access-date=1 August 2021|archive-date=1 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801104247/https://www.nagalandpost.com/pcheda-competition-held-at-viswema/188910.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Transportation ==
=== Airports ===
The nearest airport is [[Dimapur Airport]] located at [[Chümoukedima]]–[[Dimapur]] about {{convert|96|km|mi|abbr=off}} from Viswema. The airport serves [[domestic flight]]s to and from the country.

The [[Imphal Airport|Bir Tikendrajit International Airport]] is located about {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=off}} south of Viswema.

Both the airports are linked to Viswema by the [[AH1|Asian Highway 1]] and [[Asian Highway 2|2]].

The [[Kohima Chiethu Airport]] is currently under construction. Once completed it will serve as the nearest airport to Viswema.

=== Roadways ===
[[File:Asian Highway 1 passing through Viswema.jpg|thumb|centre|AH1 passing through Viswema]]

==== Highways passing through Viswema ====
* [[File:Tabliczka AH1.svg|30px]] [[Asian Highway 1]]: [[Tokyo]] – Viswema – [[Istanbul]]
* [[File:Tabliczka AH2.svg|30px]] [[Asian Highway 2]]: [[Denpasar]] – Viswema – [[Khosravi, Kermanshah|Khosravi]]
* {{jct|country=IND|NH|2}}: [[Dibrugarh|Dibrugarh (Assam)]] – Viswema – [[Tuipang|Tuipang (Mizoram)]]

Viswema is well connected by road with the [[Asian Highway 1|AH1]] and [[Asian Highway 2|AH2]] and also the [[National Highway 2 (India)|NH-2]] and the state highway connecting it with the various parts of Kohima District and also the neighboring [[Phek district|Phek District]] through Viswema. Taxis from Kohima to Viswema are also available.

=== Rail ===
The [[Shokhüvi Railway Station|Chümoukedima Shokhüvi Railway Station]] and the [[Dimapur railway station|Dimapur Railway Station]] serves as the nearest railway stations to Viswema. The currently under-construction [[Kohima Zubza Railway Station]] on the [[Dhansiri–Zubza line]] once completed will serve as the nearest railway station from Viswema.

== Notable personalities ==
Throughout its history, a sizeable number of people of Viswema descent have become notable in many varied fields. Among its notable personalities are prominent figures in the state such as:


=== Politics ===

* [[Vizol Koso]], The fourth [[List of chief ministers of Nagaland|Chief Minister of Nagaland]] and also the first Naga [[Aircraft pilot|pilot]] ([[Indian Air Force|Royal Indian Air Force]] during [[World War II]])
* [[Zale Neikha]], Member of Nagaland Legislative Assembly from 2018 to 2023 from the [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]]
* [[Viswesül Pusa]], Member of Nagaland Legislative Assembly from 1993 to 2013 from the [[Indian National Congress]] Party
* [[Tseilhoutuo Rhütso]], Present Member of Nagaland Legislative Assembly from [[Kohima Town Assembly constituency]] from the [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]
* [[Vizadel Sakhrie]], first Naga Medical Specialist
* [[Zaku Zachariah Tsükrü]], student leader
* [[Kropol Vitsu]], Present Member of Nagaland Legislative Assembly from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]

=== Sports ===

* [[Viseyie Koso]], first Naga sportsman to represent India at an [[Asian Games]] ([[2010 Asian Games]] held in [[Guangzhou, Guangdong]], China)

=== Others ===

* [[Hovithal Sothu]], Project Director at TAFMA
* [[Kehodi Yoho]], Vocalist of [[Colored Keys]]

== See also ==
{{Portal|Geography|Asia|India}}
* [[Viswema Hall]]
* [[Angami Naga]]
* [[Chakhesang Naga]]
* [[Index of Viswema-related articles]]
* [[Naga people]]

== Notes and references ==
=== Notes ===
{{notelist}}

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Commons and category-inline|Viswema}}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Viswema}}

[[Category:Viswema| ]]
[[Category:Villages in Kohima district]]

Radha Govinda Baruah

2026-02-10T02:43:28Z

PercySpivakovsky: adjust intro for clarity and added references after review

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1900)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Radha Govinda Baruah
| image = Radha Govinda Baruah 2000 stamp of India.jpg
| caption = Baruah on a 2000 stamp of India
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1900|10|17}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1977|07|15|1900|10|17}}
| death_place =
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| citizenship = Indian
| other_names = Lion man
| known_for = Started Assam Flying club. First Mayor of Guwahati. Started the Guwahati Tea Auction Center. The Nehru Stadium at Guwahati was built under his leadership.
| education =
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| relations = Narendra Nath Phukan
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}}
'''Radha Govinda Baruah''' (17 October 1900<ref name="phukan">{{cite book|author=Mitra Phukan|title=R G Baruah: The Architect of Modern Assam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKNqPwAACAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Sahitya Prakash}}</ref> – 15 July<ref name="aca">{{Cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040716/asp/northeast/story_3501062.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023221807/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040716/asp/northeast/story_3501062.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 October 2012 |title=ACA appeals for top honour to RG |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |date=15 July 2004}}</ref> 1977<ref name="phukan" /><ref name="aca" />) was the founder of [[The Assam Tribune]], a group of newspapers. Radha Govinda Baruah, an enterprising person in [[Dibrugarh]], first conceived the idea of launching an English daily. With some help from his friends and well wishers, he brought out an English weekly newspaper instead of a daily on 4 August 1938 under the editorship of Lakshminath Phookan, former editorial staff of Hindustan Standard, a leading daily of Anand Bazar Group, Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Assam Tribune : A timeless leader|url=http://www.allaboutnewspapers.com/oct09/article11.htm|accessdate=8 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705053050/http://www.allaboutnewspapers.com/oct09/article11.htm|archive-date=5 July 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He founded the Assam Tribune in 1939.<ref name="dkpna" /> He was a sports enthusiast,<ref name="phukan" /> who was president of the [[Assam Cricket Association]] for over a decade.<ref name="aca" /> The iconic [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]] in Guwahati was built under his leadership in 1962. He is also noted for his contributions to the society and culture of Assam.<ref name="phukan" /><ref name="aca" /><ref name="dkpna" /> RG Baruah was instrumental in opening the first bank in Assam, the Imperial Bank Of India (Now State Bank Of India) in 1923. He is called "the architect of modern Assam"<ref name="phukan" /><ref name="rgbc" /> for his being "instrumental in realising the educational needs" of the Assamese people.<ref name="rgbc" /> [[Radha Govinda Baruah College]] (or R G Baruah College) in [[Guwahati]] is named after him. He is also called the ''Singhapurush'' ("Lion Man") for his immense bravery and enthusiasm.<ref name="rgbc">{{cite web|url=http://naacindia.org/Reports/Radha%2520Govinda%2520Baruah%2520College,%2520Guwahati,%2520AS.doc|title=Radha Govinda Baruah College, Guwahati|work=[[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] web site|access-date=24 September 2009|archive-date=28 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528053734/http://naacindia.org/Reports/Radha%20Govinda%20Baruah%20College%2C%20Guwahati%2C%20AS.doc|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Honours==
In 2000, Baruah was honoured with a [[postage stamp]], part of a series of "Great Leaders : Social and Political" along with [[Jaglal Choudhary]], [[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]], and [[Rettamalai Srinivasan|Diwan Bahadur R. Srinivasan]].<ref name="dkpna">{{Cite web |url=http://webspace.webring.com/people/md/dakshina_kan_pa/art8/aug.htm |title=Stamp Calendar – Stamps Issued by India in August 2000 |work=Dakshina Kannada Philatelic and Numismatic Association web site |access-date=7 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727060302/http://webspace.webring.com/people/md/dakshina_kan_pa/art8/aug.htm |archive-date=27 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baruah, Radha Govinda}}
[[Category:People from Sivasagar district]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:Mayors of places in Assam]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Journalists from Assam]]
[[Category:Indian company founders]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Assam]]
[[Category:Indian sports executives and administrators]]
[[Category:Indian cricket administrators]]
[[Category:Indian football executives]]

{{India-business-bio-stub}}

Mongol invasions of India

2026-02-06T05:30:54Z

PercySpivakovsky: cleanup article also and updated info

{{Short description|Series of military offensives (1221–1327)}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Mongol invasions of India
| partof = the [[Mongol invasions and conquests]]
| date = 24 November 1221–1327
| place = [[Punjab]] and [[Delhi]] (modern-day Pakistan and India)
| result = [[Delhi Sultanate]] victory
| combatant1 = [[Mongol Empire]]{{blist|
| {{flagicon|Chagatai Khanate}} [[Chagatai Khanate]]
| [[Qara'unas]]
}}
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Delhi Sultanate}} [[Delhi Sultanate]]
| commander1 = [[Qutlugh Khwaja]]{{DOW}} Ali beg{{KIA}} Tartaq{{KIA}} Taraghai Kopek Hiljak Iqbalmand Abdullah{{efn|The son of [[Hulegu Khan]].}}{{sfn|A. B. M. Habibullah|1992|p=317}} Targhi Saldi Zulju [[Tarmashirin]] Tair Bahadur 
| commander2 = {{flagicon|Delhi Sultanate}} [[Iltutmish]] {{flagicon|Delhi Sultanate}} [[Balban|Ghiyasuddin Balban]] {{flagicon|Delhi Sultanate}} [[Jalal-ud-Din Khalji]] {{flagicon|Delhi Sultanate}} [[Alauddin Khalji]] {{flagicon|Delhi Sultanate}} [[Zafar Khan (Indian general)|Zafar Khan]] {{KIA}} {{flagicon|Delhi Sultanate}} [[Malik Kafur]] {{flagicon|Delhi Sultanate}} [[Ulugh Khan]] {{flagicon|Delhi Sultanate}} [[Nusrat Khan Jalesari]] {{flagicon|Delhi Sultanate}} [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq]] {{flagicon|Delhi Sultanate}} [[Soomra Dynasty|Sultan Chanesar II Soomro]] {{flagicon|Delhi Sultanate}} Ikhtyaruddin Qaraqash {{flagicon|Delhi Sultanate}} Dindar Muhammad{{KIA}} {{flagicon|Delhi Sultanate}} Aqsanqar{{KIA}} 
}}

The '''Mongol invasions of India''' were numerous [[Mongol invasions and conquests|invasions]] that the [[Mongol Empire]] launched into the [[Indian subcontinent]] from 1221 to 1327, with many of the later raids made by the [[Qara'unas]] of [[Mongols|Mongol]] origin. The Mongols occupied parts of the subcontinent for decades. As the Mongols progressed into the Indian hinterland and reached the outskirts of [[Old Delhi|Delhi]], the [[Delhi Sultanate]] of India led a campaign against them in which the Mongol army suffered serious defeats.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/TheMongols|title=The Mongols|last=Herbert M. J. Loewe}}</ref>

Delhi Sultanate officials viewed war with the Mongols as one of the [[sultan]]'s primary duties. While the sultanate's chroniclers described the conflicts between the [[Tengrism|Tengrist]] Mongols and [[Muslims|Muslim]] community in [[binary opposition|binary]] terms, with the Delhi Sultanate being an island of [[Muslim world|Islamic civilization]] surrounded by [[Hindus]] and [[Buddhist]] to its north and south, it ignored the fact that a large number of the sultanate's elites and monarchs were of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]]/Mongol ethnicity or had previously served in their armed contingents.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kumar |first=Sunil |date=2009 |title=The Ignored Elites: Turks, Mongols and a Persian Secretarial Class in the Early Delhi Sultanate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20488071 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=45–77 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X07003319 |jstor=20488071 |issn=0026-749X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Background ==
{{Campaignbox Mongol invasions of India}}
{{Campaignbox Mongol invasions}}

After pursuing [[Jalal al-Din Mangburni|Jalal al-Din]] into India from [[Samarkand]] and defeating him at the [[Battle of Indus]] in 1221, [[Genghis Khan]] sent two [[Tumen (unit)|tumens]] (20,000 soldiers in total) under commanders Dorbei the Fierce and Bala to continue the chase. The Mongol commander Bala chased Jalal ad-Din throughout the [[Lahore region]] and attacked outlying province [[Multan]], and even sacked the outskirts of Lahore. Jalal ad-Din regrouped, forming a small army from survivors of the battle and sought an alliance, or even an asylum, with the Sultan of Delhi Sultanate, [[Iltutmish]], but was turned down.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/amongmongols00gilm|title=Among the Mongols|last=Gilmour|first=James|date=n.d.|publisher=London, Religious Tract Society|others=Boston University School of Theology}}</ref>

While fighting against the local governor of [[Sindh]], Jalal ad-Din heard of an uprising in the [[Kerman Province|Kirman]] province of southern [[Iran]] and he immediately set out for that place, passing through southern [[Balochistan (region)|Baluchistan]] on the way. Jalal ad-Din was also joined by forces from [[Ghor]] and Peshawar, including members of the [[Khalji dynasty|Khalji]], [[Turkmen people|Turkoman]], and Ghori tribes. With his new allies he marched on [[Ghazni]] and defeated a Mongol division under Turtai, which had been assigned the task of hunting him down. The victorious allies quarreled over the division of the captured booty; subsequently the Khalji, Turkoman, and Ghori tribesmen deserted Jalal ad-Din and returned to [[Peshawar]]. By this time [[Ögedei Khan]], third son of Genghis Khan, had become [[Great Khan]] of the Mongol Empire. A Mongol general named [[Chormaqan]] sent by the Khan attacked and defeated Jalal ad-Din, thus ending the [[Khwārazm-Shāh dynasty]].<ref>Chormaqan Noyan: The First Mongol Military Governor in the Middle East by Timothy May</ref>

=== Mongol conquest of Kashmir ===
{{unreliable sources|date=August 2018}}
[[File:Jalal al-Din Khwarazm-Shah crossing the rapid Indus river, escaping Chinggis Khan and his army.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Artist's depiction of [[Jalal al-Din Mangburni]] fleeing after the [[Battle of the Indus]]]]
Some time after 1235 another Mongol force invaded [[Kashmir]], stationing a [[darughachi]] (administrative governor) there for several years, and Kashmir became a Mongolian dependency.<ref>[[Thomas T. Allsen]]-Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia, p.84</ref> Around the same time, a Kashmiri Buddhist master, Otochi, and his brother Namo arrived at the court of Ögedei. Another Mongol general named Pakchak attacked Peshawar and defeated the army of tribes who had deserted Jalal ad-Din but were still a threat to the Mongols. These men, mostly Khaljis, escaped to Multan and were recruited into the army of the Delhi Sultanate. In winter 1241 the Mongol force invaded the [[Indus valley]] and besieged Lahore. However, on 30 December 1241, the Mongols under Munggetu butchered the town before withdrawing from the Delhi Sultanate. At the same time the Great Khan Ögedei died (1241).

The Kashmiris revolted in 1254–1255, and [[Möngke Khan]], who became Great Khan in 1251, appointed his generals, [[Sali Noyan|Sali]] and Takudar, to replace the court and appointed the Buddhist master, Otochi, as darugachi of Kashmir. However, the Kashmiri king{{who|date=August 2021}} killed Otochi at [[Srinagar]]. Sali invaded Kashmir, killing the king, and put down the rebellion, after which the country remained subject to the Mongol Empire for many years.<ref>André Wink-Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, p.208</ref>

==Intrusion into the Delhi Sultanate==
The Delhi prince Jalal al-Din Masud, traveled to the Mongol capital at [[Karakorum]] to seek the assistance of Möngke Khan in seizing the throne from his elder brother in 1248. When Möngke was crowned as Great Khan, Jalal al-Din Masud attended the ceremony and asked for help from Möngke. Möngke ordered [[Sali Noyan]] to assist him to recover his ancestral realm. Sali Noyan made successive attacks on Multan and Lahore. [[Shams-uddin Muhammad Kurt I]], the client [[malik]] (ruling prince) of [[Herat]], accompanied the Mongols. Jalal al-Din Masud was installed as client ruler of Lahore, [[Kunjah]] and [[Sodhra]]. In 1257 the governor of Sindh offered his entire province to [[Hulegu Khan]], Möngke's brother, and sought Mongol protection from his overlord in Delhi. Hulegu led a strong force under Sali Noyan into Sindh. In the winter of 1257 - beginning of 1258, Sali Noyan entered Sind in strength and dismantled the fortifications of Multan; his forces may also have infested the island fortress of [[Bukkur]] on the Indus.{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=112}}

But Hulegu refused to sanction a grand invasion of the Delhi Sultanate and a few years later diplomatic correspondence between the two rulers confirmed the growing desire for peace.

[[Balban|Ghiyas ud din Balban's]] (r.1266–1287) one absorbing preoccupation was the danger of a Mongol invasion. For this cause he organized and disciplined his army to the highest point of efficiency; for this he made away with disaffected or jealous chiefs, and steadily refused to entrust authority to [[Hindus]]; for this he stayed near his capital and would not be tempted into distant campaigns.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2WzfwgEACAAJ|title=Medieval India: Under Mohammedan Rule (A.D. 712-1764)|last=Lane-Poole|first=Stanley|date=March 2019|publisher=Alpha Editions|isbn=9789353601669}}</ref>

Large-scale Mongol invasions of India ceased and the Delhi sultans used the respite to recover the frontier towns like Multan, [[Uch]], and Lahore, and to punish the local [[Rana (title)|ranas]] and [[rais]] who had joined hands with either the Khwarazmian or the Mongol invaders.

== Chagatai-Delhi Wars ==
Persistent, smaller-scale raiding that plagued northwestern frontier for decades beyond the headline sieges of Delhi. Contemporary chroniclers like [[Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani|Minhaj-i-Siraj Juzjani]] (in [[Tabaqat-i Nasiri|Tabaqat-i-Nasiri]]) and [[Ziauddin Barani]] (in [[Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi]]) describe near-constant [[Hit-and-run tactics|hit and run]] tactics employed by Mongol detachments, primarily from the unstable Chagatai Khanate, between major invasions (roughly 1241-1290). These raids, often timed to coincide with harvest seasons, systematically devastated the fertile provinces of Multan, Sindh, and Lahore, deliberately targeting agricultural infrastructure and peasant populations to cripple the Sultanate's economic base and tax revenue.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jackson |first=Peter |url=https://academic.oup.com/yale-scholarship-online/book/35772 |title=The Mongols and the Islamic World |date=2017-05-23 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-12533-7 |language=en |doi=10.12987/yale/9780300125337.001.0001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Delhi Sultanate |url=https://www.cambridge.org/universitypress/subjects/history/south-asian-history/delhi-sultanate-political-and-military-history |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=Cambridge University Press & Assessment |language=en}}</ref>

After a [[Toluid Civil War|civil war]] broke out in the Mongol Empire in the 1260s, the [[Chagatai Khanate]] controlled [[Central Asia]] which leader since the 1280s was [[Duwa|Duwa Khan]], who was second in command of [[Kaidu|Kaidu Khan]]. Duwa was active in [[Afghanistan]], and attempted to extend Mongol rule into India.

The Muslim [[Negudar|Negudari]] governor Abdullah, who was a son of [[Chagatai Khan]]'s great-grandson,<ref>Rashid ad-Din - The history of World</ref> invaded [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] with his force in 1292, but his advance guard under Ulghu was defeated and taken prisoner by the Khalji sultan [[Jalal-ud-Din Khalji|Jalaluddin]]. The medieval sources claim invasions by hundreds of thousands of Mongols, numbers approximating (and probably based on) the size of the entire cavalry armies of the Mongol realms of Central Asia or [[Western Asia]].<ref>John Masson Smith, Jr. ''Mongol Armies and Indian Campaigns''.</ref> The number of 150,000 Mongol invaders during 1292 opposed by Jalaluddin were also recorded in [[Wolseley Haig]]'s work of [[The Cambridge History of India]].<ref name="M ONGOL -AFGHAN CONFLICT DURING THE DELHI SULTANS; Himayatullah Yaqubi">{{cite journal |author1=Himayatullah Yaqubi |title=M ONGOL -AFGHAN CONFLICT DURING THE DELHI S ULTANS |journal=Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan |date=2014 |volume=51 |issue=1 |page=245 |url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/history/PDF-FILES/9v51_No1_14.pdf |access-date=13 March 2024 |publisher=Research Society of Pakistan |language=En}}</ref> A count of the Mongol commanders named in the sources as participating in the various invasions might give a better indication of the numbers involved, as these commanders probably led tumens, units nominally of 10,000 men.<ref>John Masson Smith, Jr. ''Mongol Armies and Indian Campaigns''.</ref> These invasions were led by either various descendants of Genghis Khan or by Mongol divisional commanders; the size of such armies was always between 10,000 and 30,000 cavalry although the chroniclers of Delhi exaggerated the number to 100,000-200,000 cavalry.<ref>John Masson Smith, Jr. ''Mongol Armies and Indian Campaigns'' and J.A. Boyle, ''The Mongol Commanders in Afghanistan and India''.</ref> The 4,000 Mongol captives of the advance guard converted to Islam and came to live in Delhi as "new Muslims". The suburb they lived in was appropriately named [[Mughalpura]].<ref name="cyberistan">{{cite web|url=http://www.cyberistan.org/islamic/misub5859.pdf|date=21 May 2002|title=Muslims in the Indian Subcontinent|pages=58–59|author=Dr. A. Zahoor|access-date=2015-08-20}}</ref><ref>J.A. Boyle, "The Mongol Commanders in Afghanistan and India According to the Tabaqat-I-Nasiri of Juzjani," Islamic Studies, II (1963); reprinted in idem, The Mongol World Empire (London: Variorum, 1977), see ch. IX, p. 239</ref> Chagatai tumens were defeated by the Delhi Sultanate several times in 1296–1297.<ref>Although Muslim historians claimed Mongols were outnumbered and their army ranged from 100,000 to 200,000, their force was not enough to cow down Delhi mamluks in reality. See John Masson Smith, Jr. ''Mongol Armies and Indian Campaigns''.</ref>

Unlike the previous invasions, the invasions during the reign of Jalaluddin's successor [[Alauddin Khalji|Alauddin]] were major Mongol conquests. In the winter of 1297, the Chagatai noyan Kadar led an army that ravaged the Punjab region, and advanced as far as [[Kasur]].{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=332}} Alauddin's army, led by [[Ulugh Khan]] and probably [[Zafar Khan (Indian general)|Zafar Khan]], defeated the invaders on the [[Mongol invasion of India, 1297-98|Battle of Jaran-Manjur]] on 6 February 1298, {{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=332}} where quite a large number of them were taken prisoner. Later in 1298–1299, a Mongol army (possibly [[Neguderi]] fugitives) invaded Sindh, and occupied the fort of [[Sehwan Sharif|Shivistan]].{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|pp=219-220}} These Mongols were [[Mongol invasion of Sindh|defeated by Zafar Khan]]: a number of them were arrested and brought to Delhi as captives.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=336}} At this time, the main branch of Alauddin's army, led by [[Ulugh Khan]] and [[Nusrat Khan Jalesari|Nusrat Khan]] was busy raiding [[Gujarat]]. When this army was returning from Gujarat to Delhi, some of its Mongol soldiers (former captives) [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat#Mutiny near Jalore|staged a mutiny]] over payment of ''[[khums]]'' (one-fifth of the share of loot).{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=87}} The mutiny was crushed, and the mutineers' families in Delhi were severely punished.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=88}}

In late 1299, Duwa Khan dispatched his son [[Qutlugh Khwaja]] to conquer Delhi.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=338}} Alauddin Khalji led his army to [[Battle of Kili|Kili]] near Delhi, and tried to delay the battle, hoping that the Mongols would retreat amid a scarcity of provisions and that he would receive reinforcements from his provinces. However, his general Zafar Khan attacked the Mongol army without his permission.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=340}} The Mongols feigned a retreat, and tricked Zafar Khan's contingent into following them. Zafar Khan and his men were killed after inflicting heavy casualties on the invaders.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=341}} The Mongols retreated a couple of days later: their leader Qutlugh Khwaja was seriously wounded, and died during the return journey.{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|pp=221-222}} In the winter of 1302–1303, Alauddin dispatched an army to ransack the [[Kakatiya]] (a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] dynasty) capital [[Warangal]], and himself [[Siege of Chittorgarh (1303)|marched to Chittor]]. Finding Delhi unprotected, the Mongols launched [[Mongol invasion of India, 1303|another invasion]] around August 1303.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=368}} Alauddin managed to reach Delhi before the invaders, but did not have enough time to prepare for a strong defence. He took shelter in a heavily guarded camp at the under construction [[Siri Fort]]. The Mongols ransacked Delhi and its neighbourhoods, but ultimately retreated after being unable to breach Siri.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|pp=369-370}} This close encounter with the Mongols prompted Alauddin to strengthen the forts and the military presence along their routes to India.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=372}} He also implemented a series of economic reforms to ensure sufficient revenue inflows for maintaining a strong army.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=373}}

Shortly afterward, Duwa Khan sought to end the ongoing conflict with the [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] Khan [[Temür Khan|Temür Öljeyitü]], and around 1304 a general peace among the Mongol khanates was declared, bringing an end to the conflict between the Yuan dynasty and western khanates that had lasted for the better part of a half century. Soon after, he proposed a joint attack on India, but the campaign did not materialize. In December 1305, Duwa sent another 30,000 to 50,000 strong army that bypassed the heavily guarded city of Delhi, and proceeded southeast to the [[Gangetic plains]] along the [[Shivalik Hills|Himalayan foothills]]. Alauddin's 30,000-strong cavalry, led by Malik Nayak, defeated the Mongols at the [[Battle of Amroha]].{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|pp=392-393}}{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|pp=227-228}} A large number of Mongols were taken captive and killed.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=393}} In 1306, another Mongol army sent by Duwa advanced up to the [[Ravi River]], ransacking the territories along the way. This army included three contingents, led by Kopek, Iqbalmand, and Tai-Bu. Alauddin's forces, led by [[Malik Kafur]], decisively [[Mongol invasion of India (1306)|defeated the invaders]].{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|pp=171-172}} In 1307 Duwa died and in the dispute over his succession this spate of Mongol raids into India already ended. Taking advantage of this situation, Alauddin's general [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq|Malik Tughluq]] regularly raided the Mongol territories located in present-day Afghanistan. Tughluq, Alauddin's governor of [[Dipalpur]], adopted an aggressive policy against the Mongols. Over the next few years, he annually raided [[Kabul]], [[Ghazni]], [[Kandahar]], and [[Garmsir]], which were located on the Mongol frontier. He plundered these territories, and levied [[tribute]] on the residents, without any resistance from the Chagatai Khanate.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=175}} Amir Khusrau, in his ''Tughluq-Nama'', alludes to Tughluq's 20 victories, most of which were against the Mongols. Barani states that Tughluq, who also received the [[iqta']] of [[Lahore]] at some point, defeated the Mongols 20 times. The Moroccan traveler [[Ibn Battuta]] states that a mosque in [[Multan]] had an inscription, in which Tughluq claimed to have defeated the Mongols 29 times. It is uncertain if these victories refer to the above-mentioned raids.{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=229}}

== Late Mongol invasions ==

In 1320 the Qara'unas under Zulju (Dulucha) entered Kashmir by the [[Kashmir Valley|Jehlam Valley]] without meeting any serious resistance. The Kashmiri king, Suhadeva, tried to persuade Zulju to withdraw by paying a large ransom.<ref>Mohibbul Hasan-Kashmir Under the Sultans, p.36</ref> After he failed to organize resistance, Suhadeva fled to [[Kishtwar]], leaving the people of Kashmir to the mercy of Zulju. The Mongols burned the dwellings, massacred the men and [[Slave trade in the Mongol Empire|made women and children slaves]]. Only refugees under Ramacandra, commander in chief of the king, in the fort of Lar remained safe. The invaders continued to pillage for eight months until the commencement of winter. When Zulju was departing via Brinal, he lost most of his men and prisoners due to a severe snowfall in [[Divasar]] district.{{cn|date=September 2022}} His departure paved the way for a Buddhist prince [[Rinchan]] and a former councillor [[Shah Mir]] who established the [[Kashmir Sultanate]].

The next major Mongol invasion took place after the Khaljis had been replaced by the [[Tughlaq]] dynasty in the Sultanate. In 1327 the Chagatai Mongols under [[Tarmashirin]], who had sent envoys to Delhi to negotiate peace the previous year, sacked the frontier towns of [[Lamghan]] and Multan and besieged Delhi. The Tughlaq rulers of the Sultanate tried to save it from further ravages. [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] asked the [[Ilkhan]] [[Abu Sa'id (Ilkhanid dynasty)|Abu Sa'id]] to form an alliance against Tarmashirin, who had invaded [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]], but an attack didn't materialize.<ref>The Chaghadaids and Islam: the conversion of Tarmashirin Khan (1331-34). The Journal of the American Oriental Society, 1 October 2002. Biran</ref> Tarmashirin was a Buddhist who later converted to Islam. Religious tensions in the Chagatai Khanate were a divisive factor among the Mongols.{{cn|date=September 2022}}

No more large-scale invasions or raids into India were launched after Tamashirin's siege of Delhi. However, small groups of Mongol adventurers hired out their swords to the many local powers in the northwest. [[Amir Qazaghan]] raided northern India with his Qara'unas. He also sent several thousand troops to aid the Delhi sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq in suppressing the rebellion in his country in 1350.{{cn|date=September 2022}}

[[File:Timur forensic facial reconstruction by M. Gerasimov (1941).gif|thumb|right|120px|[[Timur]]]]
[[File:Timur defeats the sultan of Delhi.jpg|left|200px|thumb|[[Timur]] defeats the [[Sultan of Delhi]], Nasir Al-Din Mahmud Tughluq, in the winter of 1397–1398]]

The Delhi sultans had developed cordial relations with the Yuan dynasty in Mongolia and China and the Ilkhanate in Persia and the Middle East. Around 1338, Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq of the Delhi Sultanate appointed [[Moroccans|Moroccan]] traveler [[Ibn Battuta]] an ambassador to the Yuan court under [[Toghon Temür]] (Emperor Huizong). The gifts he was to take included 200 slaves.

The Chagatai Khanate had split up by this time and an ambitious Chagatai Mongol chieftain named [[Timur]] claiming Mongol descent had brought Central Asia and the regions beyond under his control. He launched an invasion of the Delhi Sultanate and sacked the capital. [[Timurid Empire|Timur's empire]] broke up and his descendants failed to hold on to Central Asia, which split up into numerous principalities. One of his descendants established [[Mughal Empire]] in India.

==See also==
* [[India–Mongolia relations]]
* [[Sali Noyan]]
* [[Protectorate General to Pacify the West]]
* [[Patola Shahis]]
* [[Battle of Talas]]
* [[Mongol invasion of Sindh]]
* [[Mongol invasion of India (1297–1298)]]
* [[Mongol invasion of India (1303)]]
* [[Mongol invasion of India (1306)]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=A. B. M. Habibullah |chapter=The Khaljis: Jalaluddin Khalji |editor1=Mohammad Habib |editor1-link=Mohammad Habib |editor2=Khaliq Ahmad Nizami |editor2-link=K. A. Nizami |title=A Comprehensive History of India |volume=5: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526) |year=1992 |orig-year=1970 |publisher=The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9cmAQAAMAAJ |oclc=31870180 }}
* {{cite book |author=Banarsi Prasad Saksena |author-link=Banarsi Prasad Saksena |chapter=The Khaljis: Alauddin Khalji |editor=Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami |title=A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526) |volume=5 |edition=Second |year=1992 |publisher=The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9cmAQAAMAAJ |oclc=31870180 }}
*{{cite thesis|title=Chormaqan Noyan: The First Mongol Military Governor in the Middle East|first=Timothy |last=May|year=1996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060206152119/http://radar.ngcsu.edu/~tmmay/Chormaqan_thesis.pdf|url=http://radar.ngcsu.edu/~tmmay/Chormaqan_thesis.pdf|archive-date=6 February 2006}}
*{{cite book|author-link= Harold Lamb|first=Harold|last=Lamb|title=Genghis Khan: Emperor of All Men|date=June 1986|isbn=0-88411-798-7}}
*{{cite journal|author-link=John Andrew Boyle|last=Boyle|first=John Andrew|title=The Mongol Commanders in Afghanistan and India According to the Tabaqat-i-Nasiri of Juzjani|journal=Central Asiatic Journal|volume=9|year=1964|pages=235–247}}
*{{cite thesis|first=John |last=Masson Smith|title=Mongol Armies and Indian Campaigns|publisher=University of California, Berkeley|url=http://www.mongolianculture.com/MONGOL-ARMIES.htm}}
* {{cite book |author=Kishori Saran Lal |author-link=K. S. Lal |title=History of the Khaljis (1290-1320) |year=1950 |publisher=The Indian Press |location=Allahabad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XXqAQAACAAJ |oclc=685167335 }}
* {{cite book |author=Peter Jackson |author-link=Peter Jackson (historian) |title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&pg=PA221 |year=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54329-3 }}
* {{cite book |author=René Grousset |author-link=René Grousset |title=The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia |url=https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppes00grou |url-access=registration |year=1970 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-1304-1 }}
{{ref end}}

===Notes===
{{notelist}}

==External links==
* {{YouTube|rCtw2adDL3k|Khilji - The Man who Defeated the Mongols 6 times!}}

{{Mongol Empire}}
[[Category:13th-century conflicts]]
[[Category:14th-century conflicts]]
[[Category:Invasions by the Mongol Empire|India]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Delhi Sultanate]]
[[Category:13th century in the Mongol Empire]]
[[Category:14th century in the Mongol Empire]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Chagatai Khanate|India]]
[[Category:Invasions of India]]

Amardeep Singh Gill

2026-02-05T22:30:31Z

PercySpivakovsky: Started Biography!

{{Short description|Indian director, screenwriter and lyricist (born 1968)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Amardeep Singh Gill
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1968|10|8}}
| birth_place = [[Bathinda]], [[Punjab, India]]
| citizenship = [[India]]
| education = [[Master's degree]] in [[Punjabi Language]]
| alma_mater = [[Punjabi University]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Director|screenwriter|producer|lyricist|poet|author}}
| years_active = 1996-present
| known_for = Film director and lyricist
| notable_works = [[Jora 10 Numbaria]]
| awards = [[PTC Punjabi Film Awards|Best Debut Director in Punjabi Cinema]] [[PTC Punjabi Film Awards|Best Lyricist in Punjabi Cinema]]
| website = {{Instagram|amardeepsinghgill_official}}
| signature = Amardeep Singh Gill Signature.jpg
| signature_size = 260
| signature_alt = Amardeep Singh Gill Signature
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = ਅਮਰਦੀਪ ਸਿੰਘ ਗਿੱਲ
| alias = Amardeep Gill
}}

'''Amardeep Singh Gill''' (born 8 October 1968)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amardeep Singh Gill: Movies, Photos, Videos, News, Biography & Birthday {{!}} eTimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Amardeep-Singh-Gill|access-date=2022-01-17|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> is an Indian director, screenwriter, producer and lyricist associated with [[Punjabi cinema]] and [[Punjabi music]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=I Recommend: 'In Punjabi cinema I recommend you my movie 'Jora 10 Numbaria' and my favourite 'Madi Da Diva' says director Amardeep Singh Gill - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/i-recommend-in-punjabi-cinema-i-recommend-you-my-movie-jora-10-numbaria-and-my-favourite-madi-da-diva-says-director-amardeep-singh-gill/articleshow/75548019.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title="If I had to make films according to the audience; then I would have worked with Diljit or Gippy Grewal", says director Amardeep Singh Gill - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/if-i-had-to-make-films-according-to-the-audience-then-i-would-have-worked-with-diljit-or-gippy-grewal-says-director-amardeep-singh-gill/articleshow/75406820.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Gill was born on 8 October 1968, to a [[Jat Sikh|Jatt-Sikh]] family in [[Bathinda]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], but his native village is Gholia Kalan in the [[Moga, Punjab|Moga]] district. He has a master's degree in Punjabi from [[Punjabi University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://amardeepsinghgill.com/about/biography/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Amardeep Singh Gill |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==
Gill started his career as a lyricist with hit songs such as ''Sili Sili Hawa'', ''Je Mille Oh Kudi'', ''Hanju'', ''Socha Vich Tu'', ''Ki Beeti Sade Nal'', and ''Pyar Kar Ke.''

In 2014, he directed his first short film, ''Sutta Naag''. Afterwards, he worked as a screenwriter and lyricist in the movie ''Yoddha: The Warrior''.

In 2017, he directed his first film ''[[Jora 10 Numbaria]]'' which starred [[Deep Sidhu]], [[Dharmendra]], [[Mukul Dev]], [[Sardar Sohi]] and [[Mukesh Tiwari]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Did you know that Dharmendra was not the first choice for 'Jora 10 Numbaria'? - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-that-dharmendra-was-not-the-first-choice-for-jora-10-numbaria/articleshow/76034589.cms|access-date=2022-01-17|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="width:33px;"|Year
! rowspan="2" |Title
! colspan="6" |Credited as
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
! [[Film director]]
! [[Lyricist]]
! [[Film producer]]
!Story
![[Screenplay]]
!Dialogues
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Ik Kudi Punjab Di]]''
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
| 2014
| ''Sutta Naag''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
| Short Film
|-
| 2014
| ''Yoddha: The Warrior''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yoddha - The Warrior feat. Kuljinder Singh Sidhu - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/yoddha-the-warrior-feat-kuljinder-singh-sidhu/articleshow/44156457.cms|access-date=2022-02-12|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|2016
| ''Khoon''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
| Short Film
|-
|2017
|''[[Jora 10 Numbaria]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-07-18|title='Jora 10 Numbaria' shows reality of a gangster's life, says Deep Sidhu|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/jora-10-numbaria-shows-reality-of-a-gangster-s-life-says-deep-sidhu/story-3IBTgsNOb6pV4yVu942NQN.html|access-date=2022-02-12|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Amardeep Singh Gill {{!}} Jora 10 Numbaria {{!}} Directors Cut {{!}} PTC Entertainment Show {{!}} PTC Punjabi|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfq7kjU_wqs|language=en|access-date=2022-02-12}}</ref>''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|Debut Film
|-
|2017
|''[[Toofan Singh (film)]]''
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Subedar Joginder Singh (film)]]''
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|2019
|''Raat''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|[[PTC Punjabi]] Box Office's Film
|-
|2020
|''Jora: The Second Chapter<ref>{{Cite web|title='Jora: The Second Chapter' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/previews/jora-the-second-chapter/articleshow/74305043.cms|access-date=2022-02-12|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-26|title=Jora: The Second Chapter - An Instant Punjabi Movie Classic|url=https://chandigarhmetro.com/jora-the-second-chapter-an-instant-punjabi-movie-classic/|access-date=2022-02-12|website=Chandigarh Metro|language=en-US}}</ref>''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|2021
|''Marjaney<ref>{{Citation|title=Sippy Gill {{!}} Exclusive Interview {{!}} Marjaney {{!}} Prreit Kamal {{!}} Amardeep Singh Gill|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pc1ISrH_VJs|language=en|access-date=2022-02-12}}</ref>''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|2023
|Daaro
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|First web series '''(Filming)'''
|-
|2023
|Bedava
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|'''Post-production'''
|}

== Discography ==
=== Selected Songs as Lyricist only ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Track
!Singer
!Label
!Notes
|-
|1996
|''Kudiyan Ta Kudiyan''
|[[Hans Raj Hans]]
|[[Tips Industries]]
|
|-
|1998
|''Eh Punjab Te Oh Punjab''
|[[Hans Raj Hans]]
|[[Tips Industries]]
|
|-
|1999
|''Gal Sun Gudiye''
|[[Balkar Sidhu]]
|[[Tips Industries]]
|
|-
|2000
|''Sili Sili Hawa''
|[[Hans Raj Hans]]
|[[T-Series (company)]]
|
|-
|2003
|''Kamliye Kuriye''
|[[Amrinder Gill]]
|Finetouch Music
|
|-
|2003
|''Pyar Ho Gaya''
|Gora Chakk Wala
|Goyal Music
|
|-
|2005
|''Je Mile Oh Kudi''
|[[Amrinder Gill]]
|Finetouch Music
|
|-
|2005
|''Hanju''
|Amrinder Gill
|Music Waves
|
|-
|2005
|''Das Ja''
|[[Lehmber Hussainpuri]]
|Hi-Tech Music LTD
|
|-
|2005
|''Assi Vi Tere Ho Gaye''
|[[Sonu Nigam]]
|[[T-Series (company)]]
|From TV-programme "Nachiye Gayiye Shagan Manayiye"
|-
|2008
|''Natth Machli''
|[[Pammi Bai]]
|Fintouch Music
|
|-
|2009
|''Ki Beeti''
|[[Master Saleem]]
|Speed Records
|
|-
|2010
|''Socha Vich Tu''
|Amrinder Gill
|Speed Records
| rowspan="3" |From movie [[Ik Kudi Punjab Di]]
|-
|2010
|''Ik Kudi Punjab Di - Title Song''
|[[Amrinder Gill]], [[Sukshinder Shinda]]
|Speed Records
|-
|2010
|''Pyar Lai Ke''
|Amrinder Gill
|Speed Records
|-
|2010
|''Hathyar''
|[[Jaswinder Brar]]
|Amar Audio/Mad 4 Music
|
|-
|2011
|''Itihas''
|[[Gippy Grewal]]
|Speed Records
|Music by [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]
|-
|2012
|''Pyar Kar Ke''
|[[Roshan Prince]], Arshpreet
|MH ONE
|
|-
|2014
|''Yoddha - The Warrior - Title Song''
|[[Daler Mehndi]]
|Speed Records
| rowspan="3" |From movie Yoddha - The Warrior
|-
|2014
|''Yudh''
|Gurmeet Singh
|Speed Records
|-
|2014
|''Ghora''
|[[Jazzy B]]
|Speed Records
|-
|2017
|''Bathinde Wale Bai''
|[[Ninja (singer)]]
|Yellow Music
| rowspan="2" |From movie [[Jora 10 Numbaria]]
|-
|2017
|''Jora 10 Numbaria - Title Song''
|[[Gippy Grewal]]
|Yellow Music
|-
|2017
|''EK Hawa Da Bulla''
|[[Nachhatar Gill]]
|[[T-Series (company)]]
|From movie [[Toofan Singh (film)]]
|-
|2018
|''Hathyar''
|[[Nachhatar Gill]]
|Saga Music
|From movie [[Subedar Joginder Singh (film)]]
|-
|2021
|''Hanju''
|[[Kamal Khan (singer)]], [[Mannat Noor]]
|Yellow Music
| rowspan="2" |From movie Marjaney
|-
|2021
|''Kaavan''
|[[Harbhajan Mann]]
|Yellow Music
|}

== Book publications ==
*''Arthan Da Jungle'' (Poems)
*Silli Silli Hawa (Songs)
*''Jora 10 Numbaria'' (Full Film Script)

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!
!Movie
!Award
!Category
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="7" |2018
| rowspan="7" |''[[Jora 10 Numbaria]]''
| rowspan="3" |[[PTC Punjabi Film Awards]]
|Best Debut Director
|{{Won}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-30|title=PTC Punjabi Film Awards 2018- Official list of nominations|url=https://www.ptcnews.tv/ptc-punjabi-film-awards-2018-official-list-nominations|access-date=2022-01-18|website=PTC News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-31|title=PTC Punjabi Film Awards 2018 were enthralling! Here's a list of the winners|url=https://www.ptcnews.tv/ptc-punjabi-film-awards-2018-list-of-winners|access-date=2022-01-18|website=PTC News|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Best Dialogues
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|Best Screenplay
|{{Nominated}}
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Filmfare Awards Punjabi|Filmfare Awards]]
| Best Film (critics)
| {{Nominated}}
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Filmfare Awards Punjabi 2018 Nominations|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-punjabi-2018/nominations|access-date=2022-01-18|website=filmfare.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jio Filmfare Awards Punjabi 2018: Official list of nominations - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/jio-filmfare-awards-punjabi-2018-official-list-of-nominations/articleshow/63413570.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nominations for the Jio Filmfare Awards (Punjabi) 2018|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-jio-filmfare-awards-punjabi-2018_-27178.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=filmfare.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Best Debut Director
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|Best Dialogues
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|Best Screenplay
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|2011
|''[[Ik Kudi Punjab Di]]''
|[[PTC Punjabi Film Awards]]
|Best Lyricist
|{{Won}}
|
|}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|nm7898624}}
* [https://www.amardeepsinghgill.com/ Amardeepsinghgill.com]

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gill, Amardeep Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Indian songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:1968 births]]

Inspection Bungalow

2026-01-25T08:50:38Z

PercySpivakovsky: put up initial stub needs work

{{Infobox television
| image = Inspection Bungalow.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| genre = Horror comedy
| based_on =
| writer = Suneesh Varanadu
| director = Saiju S. S.
| creative_director =
| starring = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Shabareesh Varma]]|Aadhya Prasad|[[Senthil Krishna]] Rajamani|[[Shaju Sreedhar]]|[[Jayan Cherthala]]|Veena Nair|[[Sreejith Ravi]]|Balaji Sarma|[[Manohari Joy]]}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| producer = Veena Nair
| company = Veena Nair Productions
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 7
| camera = Multi-camera
| runtime = 16 — 27 minutes
| network = [[ZEE5]]
| released = {{Start date|2025|11|14|df=yes}}
}}

'''Inspection Bungalow''' is a 2025 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Comedy horror|horror-comedy]] web series directed by [[Saiju Sreedharan|Saiju S. S.]] and written by Suneesh Varanadu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-11-05 |title=When and where to watch Shabareesh Varma and Shaju Sreedhar’s horror-comedy web series ‘Inspection Bungalow’ |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/when-and-where-to-watch-shabareesh-varma-and-shaju-sreedhars-horror-comedy-web-series-inspection-bungalow/articleshow/125105914.cms |access-date=2025-11-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Inspection Bungalow Turns Fear Into Fun in Malayalam’s First Horror Comedy Series {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/inspection-bungalow-turns-fear-into-fun-in-malayalams-first-horror-comedy-series-78947.html |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=भुतहा पुलिस स्टेशन में शुरू हुआ रहस्मयी खेल, 'इंस्पेक्शन बंगलो' के ट्रेलर में डरावनी दुनिया और कॉमेडी का तड़का |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/web-series/latest/inspection-bungalow-official-trailer-released-malayalam-zee5-original-shabareesh-varma-premiers-14-nov/articleshow/125094429.cms |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

The series is produced by Veena Nair under the banner of Veena Nair Productions. It features an ensemble cast led by [[Shaju Sreedhar]], [[Jayan Cherthala]], Veena Nair, Balaji Sarma, Senthil Krishna Rajamani, and [[Sreejith Ravi]] in pivotal roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inspection Bungalow 2025: Release date, trailer, OTT partner, plot and all about this Malayalam horror comedy series |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/inspection-bungalow-2025-release-date-trailer-ott-partner-plot-and-all-about-this-malayalam-horror-comedy-series/f3fe5b1201966 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

== Premise ==
The series is set in the fictional village of Aravangad, where Sub-Inspector Vishnu, an ambivalent and "cowardly" police officer with a mysterious past, is transferred to a local police station. The police station is forced to move its operations to an abandoned, dilapidated government property known as the "Inspection Bungalow," which is widely believed to be haunted.

What starts as a mundane relocation quickly devolves into a series of bizarre crimes, ghostly occurrences, and supernatural events. Vishnu, along with the assistance of Mythili, a paranormal researcher played by Aadhya Prasad, attempts to uncover the secrets and mysteries buried within the bungalow's walls. The narrative blends elements of suspense and horror with situational comedy and fantasy.

== Cast and characters ==

* [[Shabareesh Varma]] as Sub-Inspector Vishnu
* Aadhya Prasad as Mythili, a paranormal researcher
* [[Senthil Krishna]] as Balamurali
* [[Shaju Sreedhar]] as Parameswaran
* [[Jayan Cherthala]] as MLA Shaji Manjakadamban
* Veena Nair
* [[Sreejith Ravi]]
* Balaji Sarma
* [[Manohari Joy]]

== Production and release ==
The series was written by Suneesh Varanaad and directed by Saiju S. S.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inspection Bungalow trailer: Malayalam actor Dileep unveils Kerala’s first-ever horror-comedy series – Watch |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/inspection-bungalow-trailer-malayalam-actor-dileep-unveils-keralas-first-ever-horror-comedy-series-watch-8166437/ |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref> The trailer was officially released by Malayalam actor [[Dileep]] on 4 November 2025. It premiered on the streaming platform [[ZEE5]] on 14 November 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-11-05 |title=Inspection Bungalow OTT release: Actor Dileep unveils trailer. When and where to watch Malayalam's first horror-comedy series |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/inspection-bungalow-ott-release-actor-dileep-unveils-trailer-when-and-where-to-watch-malayalams-first-horror-comedy-series/articleshow/125099412.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-11-11 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''Inspection Bungalow'' received mixed to negative reviews from critics.
''[[India Today]]'' noted that the series as “Flashes of fun in an uneven horror-comedy".<ref>{{cite web |title=Inspection Bungalow Review: Flashes of fun in an uneven horror-comedy |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/reviews/story/inspection-bungalow-review-flashes-of-fun-in-an-uneven-horror-comedy-2819916-2025-11-14 |website=India Today |date=14 November 2025}}</ref>
''[[Cinema Express]]'' was more critical, stating that the series “misses the horror-comedy memo.”<ref>{{cite web |title=Inspection Bungalow series review: Misses the horror-comedy memo |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2025/Nov/14/inspection-bungalow-series-review-misses-the-horror-comedy-memo |website=Cinema Express |date=14 November 2025}}</ref>
''[[Filmfare]]'' wrote "A quirky horror comedy that fumbles its final stretch".<ref>{{cite web |title=Inspection Bungalow Review: A quirky horror comedy that fumbles its final stretch |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/south-movies/inspection-bungalow-review-a-quirky-horror-comedy-that-fumbles-its-final-stretch-79229.html |website=Filmfare |date=14 November 2025}}</ref>
[[Pinkvilla]] commented that "Shabareesh Varma’s horror comedy had the ideas, but not the delivery".<ref>{{cite web |title=Inspection Bungalow Review: Shabareesh Varma’s horror-comedy had the ideas but not the delivery |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/inspection-bungalow-review-shabareesh-varmas-horror-comedy-had-the-ideas-but-not-the-delivery-1398440 |website=Pinkvilla |date=14 November 2025}}</ref>
[[OTTplay]] wrote: "Shabareesh Varma’s series is fearfully dated, turns ‘horror’ into comedy"<ref>{{cite web |title=Inspection Bungalow Review: Shabareesh Varma’s series is fearfully dated, turns horror into comedy |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/inspection-bungalow-review-shabareesh-varmas-series-is-fearfully-dated-turns-horror-into-comedy/db3407b276190 |website=OTTplay |date=14 November 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/inspection-bungalow/0-6-4z5852909 Inspection Bungalow] on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:2025 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language web series]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]
[[Category:Indian comedy television series]]

Gloucestershire County Cricket Club in 2004

2026-01-24T00:00:39Z

PercySpivakovsky: expanded lead after review based on references

{{More citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{infobox cricket club season
| season = 2004 | club =Gloucestershire Gladiators
| ground = {{ubl|[[Bristol]]|[[Cheltenham]]|[[Gloucester]]}}
| website =
| captain = {{flagdeco|England}} [[Chris Taylor (cricketer, born 1976)|Chris Taylor]]
}}

'''Gloucestershire County Cricket Club in 2004''' were playing their cricket in Division One of the County Championship and totesport league.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frizzell County Championship Division One 2004 {{!}} Live Score, Schedule, News |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/frizzell-county-championship-division-one-2004-134274 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250810004847/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/frizzell-county-championship-division-one-2004-134274 |archive-date=10 August 2025 |access-date=2025-12-29 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite finishing in mid-table positions in the leagues Gloucestershire won the [[C&G Trophy|Cheltenham and Gloucester Trophy]], beating [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]] by eight wickets in the final at [[Lord's]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=GLOUC vs WORCS Cricket Scorecard, Final at London, August 28, 2004 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/cheltenham-gloucester-trophy-2004-368822/gloucestershire-vs-worcestershire-final-135471/full-scorecard |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219151001/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/cheltenham-gloucester-trophy-2004-368822/gloucestershire-vs-worcestershire-final-135471/full-scorecard |archive-date=19 December 2024 |access-date=2025-12-29 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the Final [[Phil Weston]] scored 110 and [[James Averis]] took four wickets for 23 runs for Gloucestershire. However, [[Vikram Solanki]] of Worcestershire was made Man of the Match for his 115 which included 14 fours and the [[century (cricket)|century]] coming off 128 balls.

In the [[Twenty20 Cup]], Gloucestershire came fifth in the Midlands/Wales/West group which was not high enough to proceed from the league stage to the quarter-finals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ESPN Cricinfo |title=Twenty20 Cup 2004 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/twenty20-cup-2004-134471}}</ref> Gloucestershire won one match in the group stage, lost three and had one no-result.

== Players ==
* {{flagdeco|Pakistan}} [[Shabbir Ahmed (cricketer)|Shabbir Ahmed]]
* {{flagdeco|Pakistan}} [[Shoaib Malik]]
* {{flagdeco|England}} [[Steve Adshead]]
* {{flagdeco|England}} [[Mark Alleyne]]
* {{flagdeco|England}} [[James Averis]]
* {{flagdeco|England}} [[Martyn Ball]]
* {{flagdeco|England}} [[Alastair Bressington]]
* {{flagdeco|England}} [[Ian Fisher (English cricketer)|Ian Fisher]]
* {{flagdeco|England}} [[Alex Gidman]]
* {{flagdeco|England}} [[Tim Hancock]]
* {{flagdeco|England}} [[Mark Hardinges]]
* {{flagdeco|England}} [[Jon Lewis (cricketer, born 1975)|Jon Lewis]]
* {{flagdeco|England}} [[James Pearson (cricketer, born 1983)|James Pearson]]
* {{flagdeco|England}} [[Jack Russell (Gloucestershire cricketer)|Jack Russell]]
* {{flagdeco|England}} [[Roger Sillence]]
* {{flagdeco|England}} [[Mike Smith (Gloucestershire CCC cricketer)|Mike Smith]]
* {{flagdeco|New Zealand}} [[Craig Spearman]]
* {{flagdeco|England}} [[Phil Weston]]
* {{flagdeco|England}} [[Matt Windows]]

==Tables==

===Championship===

{| class="wikitable"
|+ 2004 County Championship – Division One
|-
! Pos
! Team
! Pld
! W
! L
! D
! Pen
! BP
! Pts
|-
|| 1 || [[Warwickshire County Cricket Club|Warwickshire]] || 16 || 5 || 0 || 11 || 0 || 108 || 222
|-
|| 2 || [[Kent County Cricket Club|Kent]] || 16 || 7 || 3 || 6 || 0 || 84 || 206
|-
|| 3 || [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]] || 16 || 5 || 5 || 6 || 0.5 || 102 || 195.5
|-
|| 4 || [[Middlesex County Cricket Club|Middlesex]] || 16 || 4 || 4 || 8 || 0 || 101 || 179
|-
|| 5 || [[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]] || 16 || 4 || 5 || 7 || 0 || 88 || 172
|-
|| 6 || [[Gloucestershire County Cricket Club|Gloucestershire]] || 16 || 3 || 3 || 10 || 0 || 90 || 172
|-
|| 7 || [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]] || 16 || 3 || 6 || 7 || 0 || 91 || 161
|-
|| 8 || [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]] || 16 || 2 || 4 || 10 || 2 || 88 || 154
|-
|| 9 || [[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire]] || 16 || 1 || 4 || 11 || 0 || 76 || 134
|}

===totesport League===

{| class="wikitable"
|+ 2004 totesport League – Division One
|-
! Pos
! Team
! Pld
! W
! L
! NR
! Pts
|-
|| 1 || [[Glamorgan County Cricket Club|Glamorgan Dragons]] || 16 || 11 || 5 || 0 || 44
|-
|| 2 || [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire Lightning]] || 16 || 9 || 6 || 1 || 38
|-
|| 3 || [[Hampshire County Cricket Club|Hampshire Hawks]] || 16 || 7 || 6 || 3 || 34
|-
|| 4 || [[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire Steelbacks]] || 16 || 8 || 8 || 0 || 32
|-
|| 5 || [[Gloucestershire County Cricket Club|Gloucestershire Gladiators]] || 16 || 7 || 7 || 1 || 32
|-
|| 6 || [[Essex County Cricket Club|Essex Eagles]] || 16 || 6 || 6 || 3 || 26
|-
|| 7 || [[Warwickshire County Cricket Club|Warwickshire Bears]] || 16 || 7 || 8 || 1 || 30
|-
|| 8 || [[Kent County Cricket Club|Kent Spitfires]] || 16 || 5 || 9 || 2 || 22
|-
|| 9 || [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey Lions]] || 16 || 4 || 9 || 3 || 22
|}

==Match details==

===Gloucestershire v Kent (16–19 April)===
County Championship Division One (4-day match)

'''''Kent (16pts) beat Gloucestershire (3pts) by 7 wickets'''''

===Gloucestershire v Loughborough UCCE (21–23 April)===
University Centres of Cricketing Excellence (3-day match)

'''''Match Drawn'''''

===Kent v Gloucestershire (25 April)===
National League Division One (45-over match)

'''''Kent (4pts) beat Gloucestershire (0pts) by 1 run'''''

===Gloucestershire v Glamorgan (2 May)===
National League Division One (45-over match)

'''''Glamorgan (4pts) beat Gloucestershire (0pts) by 8 wickets'''''

===Netherlands v Gloucestershire (5 May)===
Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy 2nd round (50-over match)

'''''Gloucestershire won by 72 runs and qualified for the Third Round of the C&G Trophy'''''

===Kent v Gloucestershire (7–10 May)===
County Championship Division One (4-day match)

'''''Kent (5pts) drew with Gloucestershire (7pts)'''''

===Gloucestershire v Northamptonshire (12–15 may)===
County Championship Division One (4-day match)

'''''Gloucestershire (12pts) drew with Northamptonshire (6pts)'''''

===Gloucestershire v Surrey (16 May)===
National League Division One (45-over match)

'''''Gloucestershire (4pts) beat Surrey (0pts) by 42 runs'''''

===Worcestershire v Gloucestershire (18–21 May)===
County Championship Division One (4-day match)

'''''Worcestershire (22pts) beat Gloucestershire (2pts)by an innings and 86 runs'''''

===Gloucestershire v Hampshire (23 May)===
National League Division One (45-over match)

'''''Hampshire (4pts) beat Gloucestershire (0pts) by 4 wickets'''''

===Gloucestershire v Hampshire (29 May)===
Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy 3rd round (50-over match)

'''''Gloucestershire beat Hampshire by 3 wickets to qualify for the Fourth round of the C&G Trophy'''''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before = 2003
| title = [[Gloucestershire County Cricket Club]]
| year = 2004
| after = [[Gloucestershire County Cricket Club in 2005|2005]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Gloucestershire CCC}}
{{2004 English cricket season}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gloucestershire County Cricket Club In 2004}}
[[Category:Cricket records and statistics]]
[[Category:Gloucestershire County Cricket Club seasons]]
[[Category:2004 in English cricket]]

T. P. Sreenivasan

2026-01-20T13:32:17Z

PercySpivakovsky: cleaned up layout additionally and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian diplomat and professor}}
{{BLP sources|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
[[File:Mr._T_P_Sreenivasan_IFS_(_Retired_Ambassador_of_India).png|thumb|221x221px|T.P. Sreenivasan]]
'''Thettalil Parameswaran Pillai Sreenivasan''' (born 17 June 1944 in [[Kayamkulam]], [[Travancore]]{{fact|date=January 2026}}) is an Indian former diplomat and is the head of the Council for Higher Education of the State of [[Kerala]] and also an adjunct professor of eminence at [[Somaiya Vidyavihar University]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 May 2023 |title=Former Ambassador T.P. Sreenivasan talks on the Emerging World Order in New York |work=The South Asian Times |url=https://thesouthasiantimes.info/former-ambassador-t-p-sreenivasan-talks-on-the-emerging-world-order-in-new-york/ |access-date=23 June 2023}}</ref>

== Career and life ==
Sreenivasan was born in [[Kayamkulam]] as the son of K. Parameswaran Pillai, a school teacher and N. Chellamma. After school and studies at University College, part of the [[University of Kerala]], in [[Thiruvananthapuram]],<ref>{{Cite news|title = The making of a diplomat|url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/the-making-of-a-diplomat/article6107573.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 2014-06-12|access-date = 2016-02-01|issn = 0971-751X|language = en-IN}}</ref> he joined the [[Indian Foreign Service]] (IFS batch, 1967). He is alma Mater of Government Boys' Higher Secondary School, Kayamkulam.

He was secretary of legation third class in Tokyo and legation secretary first class in [[Thimphu]], [[Bhutan]]. From 1975 to 1977, he was secretary of legation first class in Moscow. From 1986 to 1989, he was Indian High Commissioner in [[Suva]], [[Fiji]] and responsible for seven other island nations in the South Pacific. From 1992 to 1995, he was the Deputy Permanent Representative of India to the UN in New York; from 1995 to 1997, he assumed the office of the Indian High Commissioner in Nairobi, Kenya<ref name="Mathrubhumi" /> and served as Permanent Representative of the Government of India at the United Nations Office at Nairobi. From 1997 to 2000 he was Deputy Ambassador in Washington, D.C.[[File:Ambassador TP Sreenivasan (Retd) delivering the valedictory address at the seminar on Regional Maritime Dynamics.jpg|thumb]]

From 2000 to 2004, he was Indian Ambassador in Vienna for Austria and Slovenia, as well as Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations and the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.<ref name="Mathrubhumi">{{cite web |title=ടി.പി ശ്രീനിവാസന്‍ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/special/mbifl-2020/speakers/indian-diplomat-t-p-sreenivasan-1.4451733 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=ml}}</ref> He retired 30 June 2004.

Sreenivasan was the head of the Council for Higher Education of the State of Kerala and executive vice president with the rank of vice-chancellor.<ref name="madhyamam">{{cite news |last1=ഡെസ്ക് |first1=വെബ് |title=ടി.പി. ശ്രീനിവാസനും ബി. ജ.പി പാളയത്തിലേക്ക്; വിശദീകരിക്കാനാകാതെ കോൺഗ്രസ് {{!}} T.P Sreenivasan into bjp-Kerala news {{!}} Madhyamam
|url=https://www.madhyamam.com/kerala/tp-sreenivasan-bjp-kerala-news/606419 |work=madhyamam.com |date=20 April 2019 |language=ml}}</ref>

He has continued as a columnist for a variety of newspapers and magazines (see [https://www.rediff.com/news/tps.html Rediff archive]), as is the nonfiction author of autobiographical works to his 37-year diplomatic career. He had been married to Lekha Sreenivasan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Imagindia Institute – Independent Think tank of India, Strategic planning in India, Project planning in India, International Affairs & relations|url=http://www.imagindia.org/tp_sreenivasan.html|access-date=2021-03-16|website=imagindia.org}}</ref> a [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer and teacher, from 1968 until January 2023, when she died. The couple had two sons.

== Books ==
* ''Encounters.'' Rhythm House, Selangor, Malaysia 2007, {{ISBN|978-983-164-546-8}}.
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZXyADJWkUC Words, Words, Words. Adventures in Diplomacy.]'' Pearson Longman, Delhi 2008, {{ISBN|978-81-317-6058-1}}.
* ''Mattering to India. The Shashi Tharoor campaign.'' Pearson, Delhi 2011, {{ISBN|978-81-317-5944-8}}.
* ''Applied diplomacy. Through the prism of mythology.'' Wisdom Tree, New Delhi 2014, {{ISBN|978-81-8328-381-6}}.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sreenivasan, T. P.}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:High commissioners of India to Fiji]]
[[Category:High commissioners of India to Kenya]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Austria]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Slovenia]]
[[Category:Permanent representatives of India to the United Nations Office in Vienna]]
[[Category:University College Thiruvananthapuram alumni]]

{{India-diplomat-stub}}

Max Healthcare

2025-12-23T16:58:51Z

PercySpivakovsky: quick cleaned up structure per sources and improved wording as per guidelines

{{Short description|Indian multi-specialty hospital chain}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Max Healthcare Institute Limited
| former_name =
| logo = Max Healthcare.svg
| image = Max Building.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Max Super Specialty Hospital in Delhi
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{Unbulleted list|{{BSE|543220}}|{{NSE|MAXHEALTH}}|[[NIFTY 50|NSE NIFTY 50]] constituent}}
| industry = [[Healthcare]]
| founded = {{start date and age|2001}}
|| key_people = Abhay Soi (Chairman & MD)<ref name="mint">{{cite news |last1=Leo |first1=Leroy |title=Max Healthcare completes merger of Radiant Life's hospital assets with self |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/max-healthcare-completes-merger-of-radiant-life-s-hospital-assets-with-self-11591010423967.html |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=mint |date=1 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
| hq_location = [[New Delhi]], India
| num_locations =
| area_served = India
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|9065|c}} (2025)
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|2319|c}} (2025)
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|1336|c}} (2025)
| num_employees = 15,000 (2023)<ref name="fy23">{{cite web |title=Annual Report 2022-23 |url=https://max-website20-images.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/Max_Healthcare_AR_2022_23_144dd5f97b.pdf |publisher=Max Healthcare Institute Limited |access-date=29 March 2024}}</ref>
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.maxhealthcare.in/}}
| footnotes = Financials {{as of|2025|03|31|lc=y|df=yes}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Earnings update – Q4 & FY25 |url=https://max-website20-images.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/Presentation_on_Earnings_Update_Q4_FY_25_1f7cd22bce.pdf |publisher=Max Healthcare Limited |access-date=28 May 2025}}</ref>
}}

'''Max Healthcare Institute Limited''' is an Indian [[For-profit hospital|for-profit]] [[Private hospital|private]] [[Hospital network|hospital chain]] headquartered in [[Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=MAX HOSPITALS|url=https://www.ibef.org/industry/healthcare-india/showcase/max-hospitals|access-date=2020-08-21|website=www.ibef.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Sohini |title=Max Healthcare says will become second largest healthcare chain by revenue |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/max-healthcare-says-will-become-second-largest-healthcare-chain-by-revenue-120060101413_1.html |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=Business Standard India |date=1 June 2020}}</ref> As of June 2025, Max Healthcare operates 22 hospitals, with a total of over 5,000 beds, primarily in [[North India]].<ref name="q1fy26">{{cite web |title=Earnings update — Q1 FY26 |url=https://max-website20-images.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/Presentation_on_Earnings_Update_Q1_FY_26_55ea76372b.pdf |publisher=Max Healthcare Institute Limited |access-date=22 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Max Healthcare Institute Directors Report {{!}} Max Healthcare Institute Director Details |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/max-healthcare-institute-ltd/directorsreport/companyid-14582.cms |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref>

Max Healthcare also operates the Max Lab [[pathology]] and Max@Home [[home care|home medical services]] divisions.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anand |first=Kshitij |date=2022-11-17 |title=Fundamental Radar: Why Max Healthcare could touch fresh record highs and scale Rs 500 levels in next 1 year |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/fundamental-radar-why-max-healthcare-could-touch-fresh-record-highs-and-scale-rs-500-levels-in-next-1-year/articleshow/95555814.cms |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

==History==
Max Healthcare opened its first medical center in [[South Delhi]]'s Panchsheel Park in 2000. The company opened two other secondary care centers in [[Pitampura]] in [[North West Delhi]] and [[Noida]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/max-india-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-13435.cms |title=Max Healthcare Centre|publisher=[[indiatimes.com]]|accessdate=2011-11-09}}</ref> In 2004, the company commissioned the East Block of its [[flagship]] tertiary care hospital called Max Hospital, [[Saket (Delhi)|Saket]] in South Delhi.

In 2007, Max Healthcare ventured into [[Gurgaon]] with a secondary care hospital.<ref>{{cite web |title=Warburg Pincus enhances stake in Max Healthcare {{!}} Max India |url=https://www.maxindia.com/press-release/warburg-pincus-enhances-stake-in-max-healthcare/ |access-date=8 December 2020}}</ref>

In 2011, Max Healthcare entered into a [[public–private partnership]] (PPP) agreement with the [[Government of Punjab, India|Government of Punjab]] to set up two hospitals in [[Mohali]] and [[Bathinda]]. In the same year, Max Healthcare commissioned its tertiary care hospital in [[Shalimar Bagh (Delhi)|Shalimar Bagh]], North West Delhi.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Vijay C. |title=Max sole bidder for Punjab super-speciality hospitals |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/max-sole-bidder-for-punjab-super-speciality-hospitals-109021200002_1.html |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=Business Standard India |date=12 February 2009}}</ref>

In 2012, [[Life Healthcare Group]] acquired a 26% stake in Max Healthcare for {{INRConvert|516|c|mode=historical|year=2012}}. In 2014, Life Healthcare invested another {{INRConvert|766|c|mode=historical|year=2014}} to increase its stake to 46.41% and to become an equal joint venture partner with [[Max Group|Max India]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Life Healthcare completes Rs 766 crore investment in Max Healthcare |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/life-healthcare-completes-rs-766-crore-investment-in-max-healthcare/articleshow/45101245.cms |access-date=11 January 2023 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref>

[[File:Nanavati Super Speciality Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.jpg|thumb|[[Nanavati hospital|Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital]] in Mumbai]]
[[File:BLK Super Specialty Hospital.jpg|thumb|BLK-Max Super Speciality Hospital in Delhi]]
[[File:Sahara Hospital, Lucknow.jpg|thumb|[[Sahara Hospital|Max Super Speciality Hospital]] (formerly Sahara Hospital) in Lucknow]]
[[File:Jaypee hosptial.jpg|thumb|Max Super Speciality Hospital (formerly Jaypee Hospital) in Noida]]
In 2015, Max Healthcare acquired the Pushpanjali Crosslay Hospital in Vaishali, [[Ghaziabad]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Reporter |first1=B. S. |title=Max acquires Pushpanjali Hospital for Rs 290 cr |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/max-acquires-pushpanjali-hospital-for-rs-290-cr-115052801808_1.html |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=Business Standard India |date=29 May 2015}}</ref> and the Saket City Hospital in Saket. These hospitals were subsequently renamed as Max Hospital Vaishali, and Max Smart Hospital, Saket.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Punj |first1=Shreya |title=Max Healthcare acquires NCR's Pushpanjali Crosslay Hospital |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/d7JFdLzNH671K72f8SkjxK/Max-Healthcare-acquires-NCRs-Pushpanjali-Crosslay-Hospital.html |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=mint |date=29 May 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Max Healthcare acquires 76% stake in Pushpanjali Crosslay for Rs 287 crore |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/max-healthcare-acquires-76-stake-in-pushpanjali-crosslay-for-rs-287-crore/articleshow/47456413.cms |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> A standalone oncology center called Max Cancer Centre was commissioned in [[Lajpat Nagar]], South Delhi, in 2016.<ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi gets first standalone cancer daycare centre |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/delhi-gets-first-standalone-cancer-daycare-centre/story-NKjctAPShKPKnTbId0GIVL.html |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 June 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2018, Life Healthcare announced that it would sell its entire 49.7% stake in Max Healthcare and exit its joint venture with Max India.<ref name="bloombergquint.com">{{Cite web|title=Life Healthcare To Sell Its Stake In Max Healthcare|url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/life-healthcare-to-sells-its-stake-in-max-healthcare|access-date=2020-08-21|website=BloombergQuint|date=20 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref> In 2019, Radiant Lifecare acquired 49.7% stake in Max Health Institute Limited for {{INRConvert|2136|c|mode=historical|year=2019}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Radiant Life Care completes acquisition of 49.7% stake in Max Healthcare |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/radiant-life-care-completes-acquisition-of-497pc-stake-in-max-healthcare/story/358289.html |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=www.businesstoday.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Max Healthcare announces change in leadership, reconstitutes board |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/max-healthcare-announces-change-in-leadership-reconstitutes-board/article29070608.ece |work=@businessline |language=en}}</ref> and Abhay Soi was made chairman.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-13|title=Max Healthcare Institute reconstitutes its board, ropes in ex-SEBI chief UK Sinha as independent director |url=https://www.firstpost.com/business/max-healthcare-institute-reconstitutes-its-board-ropes-in-ex-sebi-chief-uk-sinha-as-independent-director-7158561.html|access-date=2020-08-21|website=Firstpost}}</ref> In 2020, Max Healthcare merged with Radiant Lifecare, which operated BLK Hospital in [[Central Delhi]] and the [[Nanavati Hospital]] in Mumbai, to become the second-largest healthcare company in India by revenue.<ref>{{cite news |title=Max completes healthcare merger with Radiant Life |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/max-completes-healthcare-merger-with-radiant-life/articleshow/76151453.cms |access-date=19 February 2021 |work=The Economic Times |date=2 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="mint">{{cite news |last1=Leo |first1=Leroy |title=Max Healthcare completes merger of Radiant Life's hospital assets with self |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/max-healthcare-completes-merger-of-radiant-life-s-hospital-assets-with-self-11591010423967.html |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=mint |date=1 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

The company listed on the [[stock exchange]]s in August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Turnaround Specialist Abhay Soi And KKR-promoted Max Healthcare Poised For D-Street Debut|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/turnaround-specialist-abhay-soi-and-kkr-led-max-healthcare-poised-for-d-street-debut-5724891.html|access-date=2021-03-11|website=Moneycontrol|date=18 August 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=22 August 2020 |title=Max Healthcare Institute lists on bourses, eyes robust growth |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-max-healthcare-institute-lists-on-bourses-eyes-robust-growth-133820 |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=Zee Business}}</ref> Between 2021 and 2022, co-promoter [[Kohlberg Kravis Roberts|KKR & Co. Inc.]] sold its entire stake in Max Healthcare. As a result, Abhay Soi became the sole promoter of the company with over 23% stake.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dhanjal |first1=Swaraj Singh |last2=Laskar |first2=Anirudh |title=KKR sells Max stake in PE's largest exit |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/kkr-sells-max-stake-in-pe-s-largest-exit-11660673639652.html |access-date=24 December 2022 |work=mint |date=16 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Laskar |first=Anirudh |date=2022-07-14 |title=KKR might sell entire stake in Max Healthcare for ₹12,000cr |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/kkr-may-sell-stake-in-max-for-12-000-crore-11657822611101.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

In 2021, the company obtained the rights to aid the development of a 500-bed hospital in Saket, South Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-29 |title=Delhi: Another Max Hospital to come up in Saket |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-another-max-hospital-to-be-developed-in-saket-7476181/ |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> It secured two land parcels in Gurgaon for two hospitals.<ref>{{Cite news |last=www.ETHealthworld.com |title=Max Healthcare plans Rs 1,600 cr investment to add around 1,000 beds in Gurugram |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/max-healthcare-plans-rs-1600-crore-investment-to-add-around-1000-beds-in-gurugram/articleshow/86755795.cms |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=Economic Times |date=4 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The company also executed an O&M agreement to manage the 300-bed Muthoot Hospital in [[Dwarka, Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pilla |first=Viswanath |date=2022-01-20 |title=Max Healthcare to manage 300 bed Muthoot Hospitals in Delhi suburb |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/max-healthcare-to-manage-300-bed-muthoot-hospitals-in-delhi-suburb/articleshow/89016251.cms |access-date=2023-07-10 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> In 2022, it acquired a controlling stake in Eqova Healthcare, which had the rights to provide medical services to an upcoming hospital in [[Patparganj]], East Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-11 |title=Max Healthcare Institute to acquire Eqova Healthcare |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/max-healthcare-institute-to-acquire-eqova-healthcare/article65001654.ece |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=www.thehindubusinessline.com |language=en}}</ref>

In December 2023, Max Healthcare acquired [[Sahara Hospital]] in [[Lucknow]] for {{INRconvert|940|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-08 |title=Max Healthcare expands footprint with ₹940-crore acquisition of Lucknow's Starlit Medical Centre |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/companies/max-healthcare-expands-footprint-with-rs-125-crore-acquisition-of-lucknow-starlit-medical-centre-18523361.htm |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref> In February 2024, it acquired Alexis Multi-Specialty Hospital in [[Nagpur]] for {{INRconvert|412|c}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=Max Healthcare strengthens western presence by acquiring Alexis multi-specialty hospital |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/max-healthcare-strengthens-western-presence-by-acquiring-alexis-multi-specialty-hospital/article67828546.ece |access-date=9 February 2024 |work=BusinessLine |date=9 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

In September 2024, Max Healthcare acquired a 64% stake in Jaypee Healthcare at an enterprise value of {{INRconvert|1660|c}}, gaining control of three hospitals in [[Noida]], [[Bulandshahr]] and [[Anupshahr]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2024/Sep/14/max-to-buy-64-in-jaypee-healthcare |title=Max to buy 64% stake in Jaypee Healthcare |work=The New Indian Express |date=14 September 2024 |access-date=14 September 2024}}</ref> In 2025, Max Healthcare sold the hospitals in Anupshahr and Bulandshahr for {{INRconvert|40|c}} as it announced that it would focus on super-specialty hospitals in larger cities.<ref name="q1fy26"/>

== Education and research ==
{{Advert section|date=October 2024}}
[[File:Max-healthcare.png|thumb|Old logo of Max Healthcare when it was part of the [[Max Group]].]]
Max Institute of Medical Excellence (MIME) has held various training programs across multiple disciplines.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 16, 2021 |title=Dr Dibya Singha Das lauded one top joint replacement surgeons country |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/dr-dibya-singha-das-lauded-one-top-joint-replacement-surgeons-country-839769 |website=International Business Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Max institute to conduct emergency medicine exam |url=https://www.amarujala.com/max-institute-to-conduct-emergency-medicine-exam |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> Courses offered include a full-time postgraduate Internal Medicine Training (IMT) program in association with the Joint Royal College of Physicians Training Board (JRCPTB), UK.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-17 |title=Max Healthcare joins hands with The Royal College of Physicians to organise General Medicine Symposium |url=https://www.expresshealthcare.in/news/max-healthcare-joins-hands-with-the-royal-college-of-physicians-to-organise-general-medicine-symposium/416227/ |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=Express Healthcare |language=en-US}}</ref> The institute offers a program affiliated with the Lincoln American University, Guyana to train MBBS students. The clinical rotation of 88 weeks is divided among [[surgery]], [[obstetrics]] and [[Gynaecology|gynecology]], [[pediatrics]], and [[family medicine]], and various electives like [[gastroenterology]], [[urology]], [[nephrology]], [[psychiatry]], [[dermatology]], [[orthopedics]], [[rheumatology]], [[neurology]] and [[neurosurgery]], [[cardiology]], and [[Cardiothoracic surgery|cardio-thoracic surgery]], etc.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 6, 2021 |title=Lincoln American University collaborates with Singhania University to help Indian medical aspirants |url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/lincoln-american-university-collaborates-with-singhania-university-to-help-indian-medical-aspirants/710671/ |website=The Print}}</ref>

==Subsidiaries==
*Max Lab provides [[Medical diagnosis|diagnostics]] and [[pathology]] services through its own labs and partner entities. It is the third-largest diagnostics chain in north India.<ref name="hdfcsec">{{cite news |title=Max Healthcare - A three-act play: growth, quality, returns |url=https://www.hdfcsec.com/hsl.docs/Max%20Healthcare%20-%20IC%20-%20HSIE-202108091409450342797.pdf |access-date=11 January 2023 |work=HDFC securities}}</ref>
*Max@Home provides [[home care]], [[home health nursing]], [[house call]] and [[Online pharmacy|medicine delivery]] services among others.<ref name="hdfcsec"/>

==Controversies==
In September 2013, a patient who had received a [[Artificial cardiac pacemaker|pacemaker implantation]] at Max Super Speciality Hospital, [[Mohali]], died after the doctor allegedly implanted a "wrong and cheap pacemaker". In 2014, the [[Chief Judicial Magistrate Court]] (CJM) of Mohali summoned the hospital's CEO and doctor to stand trial against charges of medical negligence, conspiracy and cheating.<ref>{{cite news |title=Max Hospital CEO, doc summoned |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/max-hospital-ceo-doc-summoned-16410 |access-date=28 March 2024 |work=Tribune India}}</ref> In 2017, the [[State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissions (India)|State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission]] ordered the hospital to pay a compensation of {{INRconvert|32.94|l|mode=historical|year=2017}} to the wife of the deceased patient.<ref>{{cite news |title=Commission directs Max Hospital to pay Rs 32.94 lakh |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/chandigarh/commission-directs-max-hospital-to-pay-rs-32-94-lakh-414835 |access-date=28 March 2024 |work=Tribune India}}</ref> The CJM's summoning order was upheld by the [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] in 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Death by medical negligence: HC refuses to quash summoning order against Mohali hospital, doc |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/death-by-medical-negligence-hc-refuses-to-quash-summoning-order-against-mohali-hospital-doc-101710378404908.html |access-date=28 March 2024 |work=Hindustan Times |date=14 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2015, the [[Competition Commission of India]] (CCI) ordered a probe into Max Super Speciality Hospital, [[Patparganj]], which was allegedly selling disposable syringes to patients at inflated prices. In 2017, the CCI investigation concluded that the hospital was making 275% to 525% profits by forcing patients to buy the products at [[maximum retail price]] from its own pharmacy in "a clear instance of abuse of the dominant position". It noted that [[Overcharge|overcharging]] was prevalent across all 14 hospitals of Max Group.<ref>{{cite news |title=Max makes profit of up to 525% on syringes: CCI |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/max-gets-up-to-525-margin-on-syringes-for-inpatients-says-cci-probe/articleshow/61953670.cms |access-date=28 March 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=7 December 2017}}</ref>

In 2016, the [[Government of Delhi]] ordered five hospitals in the city, including Max Super Speciality Hospital, [[Saket (Delhi)|Saket]], to pay a total fine of {{INRconvert|600|c|mode=historical|year=2016}} for denying free-of-cost treatment to the poor. The government stated that the five hospitals were granted land at concessional rates on the condition that they provide free medical treatment to poor people totalling to 10% of all in-patients and 25% of all outpatients, but they had failed to comply with the condition.<ref>{{cite news |title=Five city hospitals 'fined' Rs 600 crore for spurning the poor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/five-city-hospitals-fined-rs-600-crore-for-spurning-the-poor/articleshow/52709318.cms |access-date=6 April 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=12 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi government yet to recover Rs 600 cr fine from 5 private hospitals |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-delhi-government-yet-to-recover-rs-600-cr-fine-from-5-private-hospitals-2635335 |access-date=6 April 2024 |work=DNA India |date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710090232/https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-delhi-government-yet-to-recover-rs-600-cr-fine-from-5-private-hospitals-2635335 |archive-date=10 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

In December 2017, the [[Government of Delhi]] suspended the license of Max Super Speciality Hospital, [[Shalimar Gardens, Delhi|Shalimar Bagh]], which had wrongly declared a [[preterm birth|preterm baby]] dead that was later found to be alive. Delhi Health Minister [[Satyendar Jain]] labelled the hospital as a "habitual offender" and said that three notices had been served to the hospital earlier over medical lapses.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Neetu Chandra |title=Max Hospital Shalimar Bagh loses licence over negligence |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/QgNnUmD7ya1mTxywHE9NQN/Delhi-government-cancels-licence-of-Max-Hospital-in-Shalimar.html |access-date=28 March 2024 |work=Mint |date=8 December 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Foetus below 24 weeks not viable, say doctors |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/foetus-below-24-weeks-not-viable-say-doctors.html |access-date=29 March 2024 |work=theweek.in}}</ref> The hospital resumed operations later that month after the license suspension was stayed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi: Max Hospital in Shalimar Bagh resumes operations, suspension of licence stayed |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-max-hospital-shalimar-bagh-resumes-operations-suspension-of-licence-stayed-4990992/ |access-date=28 March 2024 |work=The Indian Express |date=20 December 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|outbreak of COVID-19]] in 2020, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj, received criticism for its high treatment costs. The hospital issued a statement that charges of over {{INRconvert|1|l|mode=historical|year=2020}} per day was applicable only for "very critical COVID-19 patients".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Porecha |first1=Maitri |title=Loss of face for Max Hospital over steep Covid-19 charges |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/loss-of-face-for-max-hospital-over-steep-covid-19-charges/article31826850.ece |access-date=29 March 2024 |work=Business Line |date=14 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Max Healthcare COVID-19 pricing controversy - All you need to know|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/max-healthcare-covid-19-pricing-controversy-all-you-need-to-know|access-date=2021-03-17|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.maxhealthcare.in/}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Health care companies established in 2000]]
[[Category:Companies based in Delhi]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Delhi]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 2000]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2000]]
[[Category:Health care companies of India]]
[[Category:Hospital networks in India]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:NIFTY 50]]
[[Category:Kohlberg Kravis Roberts companies]]
[[Category:Warburg Pincus companies]]
[[Category:Healthcare in India]]

Secondary Education Commission

2025-12-16T10:06:30Z

PercySpivakovsky: put up initial info needs work

{{Short description|Indian government commission of the 1950s}}
The [[Government of India]] established the '''Secondary Education Commission''' on 23 September 1952 under the chairmanship of Dr. Lakshmanaswamy Mudaliar. It was called the Mudaliar Commission after him. The commission recommended diversifying the [[curriculum]], adding an intermediate level, introducing three-tier undergraduate courses, etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/education/news-75th-independence-day-nep-2020-and-other-major-education-policies-post-independence-726285|title=75th Independence Day: NEP 2020 and other major education policies post-Independence|first=India TV News|last=Desk|date=August 13, 2021|website=www.indiatvnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/why-it-s-boom-time-for-private-school-teachers-in-bihar-1843573-2021-08-21|title=Why it's boom time for private school teachers in Bihar|author=Amitabh Srivastava |date=August 21, 2021 |magazine=India Today}}</ref>

== Introduction ==
In order to review the position of secondary [[education in India]] and to suggest measures for its overall improvement, Government of India appointed Secondary Education Commission on September 23, 1952. Dr. A. Laxmanswamy Mudaliar, Vice-Chancellor of the [[University of Madras]], was the chairman of the committee, and hence it came to known by the name Mudaliar Commission.
The Central Advisory Board of Education suggested to the Government of India that there was a need for complete formation of [[secondary education]]. This commission is also called Mudaliar Education Commission after the name of<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/explainer/report-dna-explainer-what-girls-in-sainik-schools-will-mean-for-women-in-indian-army-pm-modi-independence-day-cadets-officers-2906144|title=DNA Explainer: What girls in Sainik Schools will mean for women in Indian Army|date=August 16, 2021|website=DNA India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/iit-professors-doctors-parents-issue-open-letter-to-cms-of-three-states-demanding-reopening-of-schools-1835134-2021-07-31|title=IIT professors, doctors, parents issue open letter to CMs of three states demanding reopening of schools|author=Sneha Mordani |date=July 31, 2021 |magazine=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/us-canada-news/canada-remains-top-destination-for-indian-students-but-travel-restriction-cause-of-concern/articleshow/84977202.cms|title=Canada remains top destination for Indian students but travel restriction cause of concern - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Policy for the Spread of Secondary Education ==
* Secondary education should be made [[Vocation|vocational]] so that 30% of the students at the lower secondary level and 50% of the students at the higher secondary level can get vocational education
* Equality of opportunities in secondary education should be emphasized, for this, arrangements should be made to provide more and more scholarships at this level.
* Special programs should be organized for the expansion of secondary education among girls, [[Scheduled Castes and Tribes|scheduled castes and tribes]].
* Genuine efforts should be made for the development of talent
* Plans should be made for the expansion of secondary education in each district and they should be fully implemented within a period of 10 years.
* All the new schools should complete the required education program and the standard of the existing schools should be made high.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Secondary education in India]]
[[Category:High school course levels]]
[[Category:School accreditors]]
[[Category:Ministry of Education (India)]]

Banda, Maharashtra

2025-11-28T03:02:19Z

PercySpivakovsky: refine layout per standard format and improved wording for accuracy

{{refimprove|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Banda
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village of Sawantwadi taluka
| image_skyline = Bandeshwar_Temple_In_Banda.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Bandeshwar Temple in Banda
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15|48|45.85|N|73|51|40.78|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 416511
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 02363
| registration_plate =
| website = {{URL|maharashtra.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MH]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Banda''' is a town in [[Sindhudurg district]] in [[Maharashtra]], [[India]], near the [[Goa]]-[[Maharashtra]] border.<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2025 |title=Banda Town Population Census 2011 - 2025 |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/566923-banda-maharashtra.html |website=census2011.co.in |publisher=Census Organization of India |access-date=April 7, 2025}}</ref> Banda is the last town in Maharashtra state on Mumbai-Goa national highway (NH-17), on the bank of the Terekhol river.

==Languages spoken==
The main languages are [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Malvani Konkani|Malvani]] and [[Konkani language|Konkani]]. Many people have a knowledge of English and Portuguese.

==Places of attraction==
God Shree Bandeshwar and Goddess Shree Bhumika are the main temples in the village, as well as temples of [[Lord Vitthal]], [[Hanuman]]. Banda is named after the god Bandeshwar, a Jagrit Swayambhu Shivalinga. In ancient times, Banda was known as Adilabad in the reign of Adilshahi. Evidences of his reign can still be seen in the form of Redeghumat, Bailghumat and other ancient constructions in and around the town. Adil was defeated by the Portuguese. During the time of Shivaji I, the name Adilabad changed to Banda after the deity Lord Bandeshwar.

The more than 300 years old Temple of Lord Bandeshwar is being renovated. There are 12 Shivalingas inside the Garbhgriha of the temple.

There are temples for other deities such as Bhumika, Ravalnath, Vetal, Ganapati and Maharingan around the main Bandeshwar temple. Jatra is celebrated in December every year.

==Economy==
Trade and agriculture are two main occupations of this town. Production and processing of [[cashew nuts]], [[gamboge]] and [[betel nuts]] are emerging as major occupations. Because of huge production of cashews in the surrounding villages, Banda has become a major market for the whole Sindhudurga district.

==Transportation==
The Terekhol river bridge was constructed in 1961 by the government of Maharashtra for transportation between Goa and Maharashtra state. The bridge was the only connecting bridge or link between Goa and Maharashtra until 1999. Mumbai-Goa national highway (NH-17) passes through Banda.

==See also==
*[[Malvan]]
*[[Vengurla]]
*[[Savantwadi]]
*[[Kudal]]
*[[Kankavli]]
*[[Amboli, Sindhudurg district|Amboli]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Sindhudurg district]]

{{Sindhudurg-geo-stub}}

Unheard (TV series)

2025-10-18T09:08:52Z

PercySpivakovsky: put up the entry more to come

{{short description|2021 Indian streaming Web TV series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Unheard Hotstar Poster.jpeg
| caption = Promotional poster
| genre = {{ubl|[[Historical fiction]]|[[Drama]]}}
| based_on =
| creator = Aditya K. V
| director = Aditya K. V.
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Baladitya (actor)|Baladitya]]
* [[Chandini Chowdary]]
* [[Priyadarshi Pulikonda]]
* [[Ananda Chakrapani]]
* [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]]
* [[Srinivas Avasarala]]
* Venkat
* Jay Jha
}}
| writer = {{ubl| Aditya K. V.| Anirudh Krishna Murthy (Telugu) | Ray Ain Asrar (Urdu) }}
| theme_music_composer =
| composer = [[Naresh Kumaran]]
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| num_episodes = 6
| location = India
| cinematography = Abhiraj Nair
| editor = [[Garry BH]]
| network = [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
| released = {{Start date|2021|09|17}}
| first_aired =
| last_aired =
| company = Ellanar Films
| executive_producer = Rohith Pisapati
| producer = Radhika Lavu
| runtime = 17–26 minutes
| num_seasons = 1
| list_episodes =
| related =
}}
'''''Unheard''''' is an Indian [[Telugu-language|Telugu]]-language [[historical drama]] television series created and directed by Aditya K. V. for [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=7 September 2021|title=Disney+ Hotstar forays in Telugu market with new series 'Unheard'|newspaper=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/entertainment/disney-hotstar-forays-in-telugu-market-with-new-series-unheard-121090700997_1.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jain|first=Vaishali|date=2021-09-07|title=Unheard: Disney+ Hotstar forays in Telugu market with new series|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/web-series/unheard-disney-hotstar-forays-in-telugu-market-with-new-series-732364|access-date=2021-09-15|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref> The series has an [[ensemble cast]] of [[Srinivas Avasarala]], [[Priyadarshi Pulikonda]], [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]], [[Baladitya (actor)|Baladitya]], [[Chandini Chowdary]], and [[Ananda Chakrapani]]. The series premiered on 17 September 2021.<ref name="pd">{{Cite web|date=2021-09-06|title=Disney Plus Hotstar's Telugu series Unheard gets release date|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/disneyhotstar-unheard-series-get-streaming-date-7491899/|access-date=2021-09-15|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

== Premise==
Set in the period of 1905–1950, the series is based on the [[Indian independence movement]] in the [[Hyderabad State]] in common people's [[Point of view (philosophy)|point of view]] on various major events during the said period.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=2021-09-15|title='Unheard' perspectives of India's freedom struggle|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kv-aditya-on-disney-hotstars-telugu-series-unheard-starring-priyadarshi-srinivas-avasarala-chandini-chowdary/article36472671.ece|access-date=2021-09-17|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Cast==

* [[Baladitya (actor)|Baladitya]] as Dr. Chalapathi
* [[Chandini Chowdary]] as Padma
* [[Priyadarshi Pulikonda]] as Badri
* [[Ananda Chakrapani]] as Jailer Satyanarayana
* [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Mallesh
* [[Srinivas Avasarala]] as Anwar
* Venkat as Ramaiah
* Jay Jha as Ahmed

== Episodes ==
{{Episode table|episodes={{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 1
| Title = Swayam – Self
| DirectedBy = Aditya K. V
| WrittenBy = {{ubl|Aditya K. V|Anirudh Krishna Murthy|Ray Ain Asrar}}
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|09|17}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/unheard/1260067811/swayam-self/1260067835|title = Unheard - Watch Episode 1 - Swayam - Self on Disney+ Hotstar}}</ref>
| ShortSummary =
| LineColor = #006602
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 2
| Title = Karma – Action
| DirectedBy = Aditya K. V
| WrittenBy = Aditya K. V Anirudh Krishna Murthy Ray Ain Asrar
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|09|17}}
| ShortSummary =
| LineColor = #006602
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 3
| Title = Yajna – Sacrifice
| DirectedBy = Aditya K. V
| WrittenBy = {{ubl|Aditya K. V|Anirudh Krishna Murthy|>Ray Ain Asrar}}
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|09|17}}
| ShortSummary =
| LineColor = #006602
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 4
| Title = Tamasa – Chaos
| DirectedBy = Aditya K. V
| WrittenBy = {{ubl|Aditya K. V|Anirudh Krishna Murthy|>Ray Ain Asrar}}
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|09|17}}
| ShortSummary =
| LineColor = #006602
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 5
| Title = Ekatva – Identity
| DirectedBy = Aditya K. V
| WrittenBy = {{ubl|Aditya K. V|Anirudh Krishna Murthy|>Ray Ain Asrar}}
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|09|17}}
| ShortSummary =
| LineColor = #006602
}}{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 6
| Title = A Tribute to Hyderabad
| DirectedBy = Aditya K. V
| WrittenBy = {{ubl|Aditya K. V|Anirudh Krishna Murthy|>Ray Ain Asrar}}
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|09|17}}
| ShortSummary =
| LineColor = #006602
}}|airdateT=Date of Broadcast|background=#006602|seasonT=Episode|season=|airdate=|director=|directorT=Directed by|title=|titleT=Title|writer=|writerT=Written by}}

== Production==
Filming of the series was done between September and November 2020 following the COVID-19 protocols in and around [[Hyderabad]]. Cast and Crew were connected virtually for workshops on their individual roles.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211209/MBRMmrNnkfk Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20210913160801/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBRMmrNnkfk Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBRMmrNnkfk| title = Actor Baladitya Exclusive Interview {{!}}{{!}} Unheard Telugu Web Series {{!}}{{!}} Talking Movies with iDream | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="Dundoo 2021">{{cite web | last=Dundoo | first=Sangeetha Devi | title=Fiction inspired by history: KV Aditya discusses Disney+ Hotstar's Telugu series 'Unheard', starring Priyadarshi, Srinivas Avasarala, Chandini Chowdary, Baladitya and Ajay | website=The Hindu | date=2021-09-15 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kv-aditya-on-disney-hotstars-telugu-series-unheard-starring-priyadarshi-srinivas-avasarala-chandini-chowdary/article36472671.ece | access-date=2021-09-16}}</ref> As the show pans decades, a lot of prosthetic work was involved on the cast to look appropriate for the year the sequences take place.

== Themes ==
Aditya is an author who wrote the book ''Daitya Dairies.'' After making 13 years of research on the events, he has written the story and making debut as the filmmaker. ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' reported that "The 1918 influenza pandemic, the [[Spanish flu]], which killed around 25 million, is one of the important episodes. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] also suffered from the Spanish Flu and was in isolation. The series chronicles how these deaths fuelled the freedom moment. It was during this time the movement gained momentum and began to spread."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Adivi|first=Sashidhar|date=2021-06-13|title=Best-seller author KV Aditya turns filmmaker with Unheard|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/130621/best-seller-author-kv-aditya-turns-filmmaker.html|access-date=2021-09-15|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> The series also showcases the lives of the people of the period and the battle they had fought against [[British Empire|British]] and the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]]. Some of the major events that are shown are [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–22)|non-cooperation movement]], [[Chauri Chaura incident|chauri chaura incident]] and others.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Disney+ Hotstar forays into Telugu with web series 'Unheard'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2021/sep/07/disney-hotstar-forays-into-telugu-with-web-series-unheard-2355505.html|access-date=2021-09-15|website=The New Indian Express|date=7 September 2021 }}</ref>

== Release ==
Billed as the first Telugu [[Hotstar Specials]] show,<ref>{{Cite web|author= |date=2021-09-06|title='Viruman' first look revealed; 'Unheard' is Disney+ Hotstar's first Telugu original: South film updates|url=https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/viruman-first-look-revealed-unheard-is-disney-hotstars-first-telugu-original-south-film-updates-82137.html |access-date=2025-08-23|website=News9 Live|language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915050158/https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/viruman-first-look-revealed-unheard-is-disney-hotstars-first-telugu-original-south-film-updates-82137.html |archive-date=2021-09-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> all the episodes of the series were premiere on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] on 17 September 2021,<ref name="pd" /> although it was initially scheduled to premiere on 15 August 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-25|title=Lost conversations of Freedom Struggle|url=https://telanganatoday.com/lost-conversations-of-freedom-struggle|access-date=2021-09-15|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US}}</ref> The series was initially screened privately for the [[Vice President of India]], [[Venkaiah Naidu]]. The show was also selected for screening at the 11th Dada Saheb Phalke Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|author= |date=2021-05-03 |title=DSPFF|url=https://mediabrief.com/ellanar-films-unheard-selected-for-screening-at-dspff/|access-date=2025-08-23 |website=MediaBrief|language=en-US}}</ref> In the United States, the show was streamed exclusively on [[Hulu]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Hotstar Specials 'Unheard' Trailer Released {{!}} What's On Disney Plus|url=https://whatsondisneyplus.com/hotstar-specials-unheard-trailer-released/|access-date=2021-09-15|language=en-us|archive-date=13 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913160803/https://whatsondisneyplus.com/hotstar-specials-unheard-trailer-released/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Sangeetha Devi Dundoo writing for ''[[The Hindu]]'' said, "If you can look past the staged theatre-like presentation, ‘Unheard’ can whet the appetite to know more about India's freedom struggle, through conflicting ideologies."<ref name="Dundoo Review 2021">{{cite web | last=Dundoo | first=Sangeetha Devi | title='Unheard' Telugu web series review: Priyadarshi, Srinivas Avasarala, Ajay, Chandini and Baladitya lend gravitas to conversations set in India during the freedom struggle | website=The Hindu | date=2021-09-17 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/unheard-telugu-web-series-review-priyadarshi-srinivas-avasarala-ajay-chandini-and-baladitya-lend-gravitas-to-conversations-set-in-india-during-the-freedom-struggle/article36510931.ece | access-date=2021-09-17}}</ref> Praising the performances, ''[[The Times of India]]'' critic Thadagadh Pathi wrote, "Actors like Ajay, Priyadarshi, Srinivas Avasarala, Chandini Chowdary and Baladitya deliver mature performances, which works well for the series. It is not an easy feat to perform such dialogue-driven characters and stories."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-18|title=UNHEARD SEASON 1 REVIEW : NOT A RUN-OF-THE-MILL WEB SERIES|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/unheard/unheard-season-1/seasonreview/86160418.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|15176226}}
*[https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/unheard/1260067811 ''Unheard''] at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Unheard, Hotstar}}
[[Category:Telugu-language web series]]
[[Category:2021 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Telugu-language Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]
[[Category:Indian historical television series]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[category:Television series set in the Indian independence movement]]

FIDE World Chess Championship 2000

2025-09-04T16:36:20Z

PercySpivakovsky: Adding Some Info More To Come

{{Short description|Chess tournament in New Delhi, India and Tehran, Iran}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox tournament
| name = World Chess Championship 2000
| sport = [[Chess]]
| year =
| image = [[File:Anand 1998 Dortmund.jpeg|center]] [[Viswanathan Anand]]
| caption =
| location = {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Tehran]], {{flagicon|India}} [[New Delhi]]
| start_date = 27 November 2000
| end_date = 26 December 2000
| administrator = [[FIDE]]
| tournament_format = [[Single-elimination tournament]]
| host = Chess Federation of Iran, [[All India Chess Federation]]
| venues =
| participants = 100
| purse = $3 million
| champion = {{flagicon|India}} [[Viswanathan Anand]]
| runners-up1 = {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Alexei Shirov]]
| runners-up2 = 
| matches = 99
| points =
| tries =
| goals =
| attendance =
| noaverage = 
| mvp =
| top_scorer =
| top_try_scorer =
| stat1_label =
| stat1 =
| stat2_label =
| stat2 =
| previous = [[FIDE World Chess Championship 1999]]
| next = [[FIDE World Chess Championship 2002]]
}}

The '''[[FIDE]] World Chess Championship 2000''' was held in [[New Delhi]], India, and [[Tehran]], Iran. The first six rounds were played in New Delhi between 27 November and 15 December 2000, and the final match in Tehran started on 20 December and ended on 24 December 2000. The top seeded Indian [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmaster]] [[Viswanathan Anand]] won the championship.

==Background==
At the time of this championship, the World title was split. The [[Classical World Chess Championship 2000|newly crowned]] Classical World Champion, [[Vladimir Kramnik]], did not participate, as well as the previous Classical Champion and world's highest-rated player, [[Garry Kasparov]]. [[Anatoly Karpov]], the 1998 FIDE World Champion and No.11-rated player, also did not take part in the tournament as he was in the midst of filing a lawsuit against the organization.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/31/world/a-chess-match-is-waged-for-a-world-title-whose-authenticity-is-challenged.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=A Chess Match Is Waged for a World Title Whose Authenticity Is Challenged|date=31 October 2000|first=Dylan|last=Loeb McClain|access-date=9 December 2018}}</ref> However, most other strongest players of the world took part, including the defending FIDE World Champion [[Alexander Khalifman]] and the [[Chess World Cup 2000|2000 World Cup]] winner [[Viswanathan Anand]]. The only other absentee from the top 25 was [[Ye Jiangchuan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ratings.fide.com/toparc.phtml?cod=5|publisher=[[FIDE]]|access-date=2008-06-26|title=Top 100 Players October 2000 - Archive|archive-date=4 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704010237/http://ratings.fide.com/toparc.phtml?cod=5|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Participants==
All players are [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmasters]] unless indicated otherwise.
{{colbegin}}
# {{flagathlete|[[Viswanathan Anand]]|IND}}, 2762
# {{flagathlete|[[Alexander Morozevich]]|RUS}}, 2756
# {{flagathlete|[[Michael Adams (chess player)|Michael Adams]]|ENG}}, 2755
# {{flagathlete|[[Alexei Shirov]]|ESP}}, 2746
# {{flagathlete|[[Peter Leko]]|HUN}}, 2743
# {{flagathlete|[[Vassily Ivanchuk]]|UKR}}, 2719
# {{flagathlete|[[Veselin Topalov]]|BUL}}, 2707
# {{flagathlete|[[Evgeny Bareev]]|RUS}}, 2702
# {{flagathlete|[[Michael Krasenkov]]|POL}}, 2702
# {{flagathlete|[[Rustam Kasimdzhanov]]|UZB}}, 2690
# {{flagathlete|[[Peter Svidler]]|RUS}}, 2689
# {{flagathlete|[[Boris Gelfand]]|ISR}}, 2681
# {{flagathlete|[[Nigel Short]]|ENG}}, 2677
# {{flagathlete|[[Ilya Smirin]]|ISR}}, 2677
# {{flagathlete|[[Alexey Dreev]]|RUS}}, 2676
# {{flagathlete|[[Zurab Azmaiparashvili]]|GEO|1990}}, 2673
# {{flagathlete|[[Sergei Rublevsky]]|RUS}}, 2670
# {{flagathlete|[[Zoltán Almási]]|HUN}}, 2668
# {{flagathlete|[[Xu Jun]]|CHN}}, 2668
# {{flagathlete|[[Mikhail Gurevich (chess player)|Mikhail Gurevich]]|BEL}}, 2667
# {{flagathlete|[[Alexander Khalifman]]|RUS}}, 2667
# {{flagathlete|[[Sergei Movsesian]]|CZE}}, 2666
# {{flagathlete|[[Kiril Georgiev]]|BUL}}, 2661
# {{flagathlete|[[Vladimir Akopian]]|ARM}}, 2660
# {{flagathlete|[[Alexander Beliavsky]]|SLO}}, 2659
# {{flagathlete|[[Vladislav Tkachiev]]|FRA}}, 2657
# {{flagathlete|[[Peng Xiaomin]]|CHN}}, 2657
# {{flagathlete|[[Jeroen Piket]]|NED}}, 2649
# {{flagathlete|[[Joël Lautier]]|FRA}}, 2648
# {{flagathlete|[[Alexei Fedorov]]|BLR}}, 2646
# {{flagathlete|[[Loek van Wely]]|NED}}, 2643
# {{flagathlete|[[Boris Gulko]]|USA}}, 2643
# {{flagathlete|[[Viktor Bologan]]|MDA}}, 2641
# {{flagathlete|[[Gilberto Milos]]|BRA}}, 2633
# {{flagathlete|[[Ruslan Ponomariov]]|UKR}}, 2630
# {{flagathlete|[[Alexander Onischuk]]|UKR}}, 2627
# {{flagathlete|[[Konstantin Sakaev]]|RUS}}, 2627
# {{flagathlete|[[Jaan Ehlvest]]|EST}}, 2627
# {{flagathlete|[[Andrei Kharlov]]|RUS}}, 2627
# {{flagathlete|[[Rafael Vaganian]]|ARM}}, 2623
# {{flagathlete|[[Jonathan Speelman]]|ENG}}, 2623
# {{flagathlete|[[Pavel Tregubov]]|RUS}}, 2620
# {{flagathlete|[[Étienne Bacrot]]|FRA}}, 2613
# {{flagathlete|[[Lev Psakhis]]|ISR}}, 2611
# {{flagathlete|[[Emil Sutovsky]]|ISR}}, 2609
# {{flagathlete|[[Alexander Grischuk]]|RUS}}, 2606
# {{flagathlete|[[Vladimir Malakhov (chess player)|Vladimir Malakhov]]|RUS}}, 2605
# {{flagathlete|[[Vladimir Baklan]]|UKR}}, 2599
# {{flagathlete|[[Smbat Lputian]]|ARM}}, 2598
# {{flagathlete|[[Evgeny Vladimirov]]|KAZ}}, 2598
# {{flagathlete|[[Alex Yermolinsky]]|USA}}, 2596
# {{flagathlete|[[Artashes Minasian]]|ARM}}, 2595
# {{flagathlete|[[Christopher Lutz]]|GER}}, 2595
# {{flagathlete|[[Viorel Iordăchescu]]|MDA}}, 2594
# {{flagathlete|[[Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu]]|ROM}}, 2592
# {{flagathlete|[[Alexej Alexandrov]]|BLR}}, 2591
# {{flagathlete|[[Aleksandr Galkin (chess player)|Aleksandr Galkin]]|RUS}}, 2587
# {{flagathlete|[[Alexandre Lesiège]]|CAN}}, 2584
# {{flagathlete|[[Utut Adianto]]|INA}}, 2583
# {{flagathlete|[[Vladislav Nevednichy]]|ROM}}, 2582
# {{flagathlete|[[Joel Benjamin]]|USA}}, 2577
# {{flagathlete|[[Grigory Serper]]|USA}}, 2574
# {{flagathlete|[[Krishnan Sasikiran]]|IND}}, 2573
# {{flagathlete|[[Alexander Chernin]]|HUN}}, 2572
# {{flagathlete|[[Gilberto Hernández Guerrero|Gilberto Hernandez]]|MEX}}, 2572
# {{flagathlete|[[Rafael Leitão]]|BRA}}, 2567
# {{flagathlete|[[Alexander Ivanov (chess player)|Alexander Ivanov]]|USA}}, 2567
# {{flagathlete|[[Karen Asrian]]|ARM}}, 2566
# {{flagathlete|[[Alexei Bezgodov]]|RUS}}, 2557
# {{flagathlete|[[Hannes Stefánsson]]|ISL}}, 2557
# {{flagathlete|[[Abhijit Kunte]]|IND}}, 2556
# {{flagathlete|[[Đào Thiên Hải]]|VIE}}, 2555
# {{flagathlete|[[Evgenij Agrest]]|SWE}}, 2554
# {{flagathlete|[[Sergey Volkov (chess player)|Sergey Volkov]]|RUS}}, 2554
# {{flagathlete|[[Jesús Nogueiras]]|CUB}}, 2552
# {{flagathlete|[[Sune Berg Hansen]]|DEN}}, 2545
# {{flagathlete|[[Hichem Hamdouchi]]|MAR}}, 2541
# {{flagathlete|[[Bartłomiej Macieja]]|POL}}, 2536
# {{flagathlete|[[Alexander Rustemov]]|RUS}}, 2534
# {{flagathlete|[[Mikhail Rytshagov]]|EST}}, 2529
# {{flagathlete|[[Emir Dizdarevic]]|BIH}}, 2527
# {{flagathlete|[[Igor Nataf]]|FRA}}, 2526
# {{flagathlete|[[Darcy Lima]]|BRA}}, 2525
# {{flagathlete|[[Aloyzas Kveinys]]|LTU}}, 2522
# {{flagathlete|[[Ivan Zaja]]|CRO}}, 2513, [[International Master|IM]]
# {{flagathlete|[[Paweł Blehm]]|POL}}, 2510, IM
# {{flagathlete|[[Dibyendu Barua]]|IND}}, 2502
# {{flagathlete|[[Mohammed Al-Modiahki]]|QAT}}, 2499
# {{flagathlete|[[Buenaventura Villamayor]]|PHI}}, 2495
# {{flagathlete|[[Ehsan Ghaem Maghami]]|IRI}}, 2488, no title
# {{flagathlete|[[Michele Godena]]|ITA}}, 2485
# {{flagathlete|[[Fouad El Taher]]|EGY}}, 2485, IM
# {{flagathlete|[[Aleksandar Wohl]]|AUS}}, 2461, IM
# {{flagathlete|[[Rodrigo Vasquez]]|CHI}}, 2454, IM
# {{flagathlete|[[Imad Hakki]]|SYR}}, 2429, IM
# {{flagathlete|[[Ibrahim Hasan Labib]]|EGY}}, 2426, IM
# {{flagathlete|[[Fabian Fiorito]]|ARG}}, 2418, IM
# {{flagathlete|[[Amir Bagheri]]|IRI}}, 2409, IM
# {{flagathlete|[[Amon Simutowe]]|ZAM}}, 2322, IM
# {{flagathlete|[[Alexander Utnasunov]]|RUS}}, 2257, no title
{{colend}}

==Qualification==
Players qualified for the championship according to the following criteria:
#four semi-finalists of the [[FIDE World Chess Championship 1999|previous championship]] ([[Alexander Khalifman]], [[Vladimir Akopian]], [[Michael Adams (chess player)|Michael Adams]], [[Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu]]);
#juniors rated 2600 or higher in the rating lists of January 2000 to July 2000;
#the [[World Junior Chess Championship|World Junior Champions]] 1999 ([[Aleksandr Galkin (chess player)|Aleksandr Galkin]]) and 2000 ([[Lázaro Bruzón]]);
#the [[Women's World Chess Championship|Women's World Champion]] 1999 ([[Xie Jun]]);
#three nominees of the FIDE President;
#one nominee of the organizers;
#62 qualifiers from the zonal tournaments;
#one nominee from each of the Continental Presidents (for a total of four players);
#a sufficient number of best rated players, to bring the total number of participants to 100 (the average of January and July 2000 rating lists was used);

==Playing conditions==
The championship was a knockout tournament similar to other FIDE World Chess Championships between 1998 and 2004: the players were paired for short matches, with losers eliminated. 28 players (27 best rated and [[Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu]], one of the quarterfinalists of the previous championship) were given byes to the second round. The field of 100 participants was reduced to one winner over seven rounds.

Rounds 1–5 consisted of a two-game match, followed by tie breaks at faster time controls if required. The time control for regular games was 100 minutes, with 50 minutes added after move 40, 10 minutes added after move 60, and 30 seconds added after each move starting with move 1. Tie breaks consisted of two rapid chess games (25 minutes each + 10 seconds per move); followed by two games with shorter time controls if required (15 minutes + 10 seconds per move); followed by a series of blitz games (4 minutes + 10 seconds per move for White, 5 minutes + 10 seconds per move for Black, first player to win is the winner of the match). The semifinals (round 6) were best of four games, and the final was best of six games, with the same conditions for the tie-breaks.

==Schedule==
There was one rest day during round 4 and two rest days during round 6. The tie-breaks of rounds 1–5 were played in the evening following the second game. The final took place one month after rounds 1–6.

*Round 1: 27 November 2000, 28 November 2000 (tiebreaks on 29 November 2000)
*Round 2: 30 November 2000, 1 December 2000 (tiebreaks on 2 December 2000)
*Round 3: 3 December 2000, 4 December 2000 (tiebreaks on 5 December 2000)
*Round 4: 6 December 2000, 7 December 2000 (tiebreaks on 8 December 2000)
*Round 5: 9 December 2000, 10 December 2000 (tiebreaks on 11 December 2000)
*Round 6: 12 December 2000 – 15 December 2000 (tiebreaks on 16 December 2000)
*Round 7: 20 December 2000 – 26 December 2000, with a rest day on 23 December 2000 (tiebreaks on 27 December 2000)

==Results, rounds 1–4==

===Section 1===
{{4RoundBracket-Byes
| RD3=Third round
| RD4=Fourth round
| RD1-seed03=33
| RD1-team03={{flagicon|MDA}} '''[[Viktor Bologan]]'''
| RD1-score03='''1½'''
| RD1-seed04=70
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|ISL}} [[Hannes Stefánsson]]
| RD1-score04=½
| RD1-seed07=49
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|ARM}} '''[[Smbat Lputian]]'''
| RD1-score07='''1½'''
| RD1-seed08=86
| RD1-team08={{flagicon|POL}} [[Paweł Blehm]]
| RD1-score08=½
| RD1-seed11=41
| RD1-team11={{flagicon|ENG}} [[Jon Speelman]]
| RD1-score11=1½
| RD1-seed12=78
| RD1-team12={{flagicon|POL}} '''[[Bartłomiej Macieja]]'''
| RD1-score12='''2½'''
| RD1-seed15=57
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Aleksandr Galkin (chess player)|Aleksandr Galkin]]'''
| RD1-score15='''2'''
| RD1-seed16=93
| RD1-team16={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Aleksandar Wohl]]
| RD1-score16=0
| RD2-seed01=1
| RD2-team01={{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Viswanathan Anand]]'''
| RD2-score01='''1½'''
| RD2-seed02=33
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|MDA}} [[Viktor Bologan]]
| RD2-score02=½
| RD2-seed03=17
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Sergei Rublevsky]]
| RD2-score03=½
| RD2-seed04=49
| RD2-team04={{flagicon|ARM}} '''[[Smbat Lputian]]'''
| RD2-score04='''1½'''
| RD2-seed05=9
| RD2-team05={{flagicon|POL}} [[Michael Krasenkov]]
| RD2-score05=4½
| RD2-seed06=78
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|POL}} '''[[Bartłomiej Macieja]]'''
| RD2-score06='''5½'''
| RD2-seed07=25
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|SLO}} '''[[Alexander Beliavsky]]'''
| RD2-score07='''1½'''
| RD2-seed08=57
| RD2-team08={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Aleksandr Galkin (chess player)|Aleksandr Galkin]]
| RD2-score08=½
| RD3-seed01=1
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Viswanathan Anand]]'''
| RD3-score01='''1½'''
| RD3-seed02=49
| RD3-team02={{flagicon|ARM}} [[Smbat Lputian]]
| RD3-score02=½
| RD3-seed03=78
| RD3-team03={{flagicon|POL}} '''[[Bartłomiej Macieja]]'''
| RD3-score03='''3'''
| RD3-seed04=25
| RD3-team04={{flagicon|SLO}} [[Alexander Beliavsky]]
| RD3-score04=1
| RD4-seed01=1
| RD4-team01={{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Viswanathan Anand]]'''
| RD4-score01='''1½'''
| RD4-seed02=78
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|POL}} [[Bartłomiej Macieja]]
| RD4-score02=½
}}

===Section 2===
{{4RoundBracket-Byes
| RD3=Third round
| RD4=Fourth round
| RD1-seed03=37
| RD1-team03={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Konstantin Sakaev]]
| RD1-score03=2½
| RD1-seed04=74
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Sergey Viktorovich Volkov|Sergey Volkov]]'''
| RD1-score04='''3½'''
| RD1-seed07=53
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|GER}} '''[[Christopher Lutz]]'''
| RD1-score07='''2½'''
| RD1-seed08=90
| RD1-team08={{flagicon|IRI}} [[Ehsan Ghaem Maghami]]
| RD1-score08=1½
| RD1-seed11=45
| RD1-team11={{flagicon|ISR}} [[Emil Sutovsky]]
| RD1-score11=½
| RD1-seed12=82
| RD1-team12={{flagicon|FRA}} '''[[Igor Nataf]]'''
| RD1-score12='''1½'''
| RD1-seed13=29
| RD1-team13={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Joël Lautier]]
| RD1-score13=½
| RD1-seed14=66
| RD1-team14={{flagicon|BRA}} '''[[Rafael Leitão]]'''
| RD1-score14='''1½'''
| RD1-seed15=61
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Joel Benjamin]]'''
| RD1-score15='''2'''
| RD1-seed16=97
| RD1-team16={{flagicon|ARG}} [[Fabian Fiorito]]
| RD1-score16=0
| RD2-seed01=5
| RD2-team01={{flagicon|HUN}} '''[[Peter Leko]]'''
| RD2-score01='''1½'''
| RD2-seed02=74
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Sergey Viktorovich Volkov|Sergey Volkov]]
| RD2-score02=½
| RD2-seed03=21
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Alexander Khalifman]]'''
| RD2-score03='''2½'''
| RD2-seed04=53
| RD2-team04={{flagicon|GER}} [[Christopher Lutz]]
| RD2-score04=1½
| RD2-seed05=13
| RD2-team05={{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nigel Short]]
| RD2-score05=2½
| RD2-seed06=82
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|FRA}} '''[[Igor Nataf]]'''
| RD2-score06='''3½'''
| RD2-seed07=66
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|BRA}} '''[[Rafael Leitão]]'''
| RD2-score07='''1½'''
| RD2-seed08=61
| RD2-team08={{flagicon|USA}} [[Joel Benjamin]]
| RD2-score08=½
| RD3-seed01=5
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|HUN}} [[Peter Leko]]
| RD3-score01=3½
| RD3-seed02=21
| RD3-team02={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Alexander Khalifman]]'''
| RD3-score02='''4½'''
| RD3-seed03=82
| RD3-team03={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Igor Nataf]]
| RD3-score03=½
| RD3-seed04=66
| RD3-team04={{flagicon|BRA}} '''[[Rafael Leitão]]'''
| RD3-score04='''1½'''
| RD4-seed01=21
| RD4-team01={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Alexander Khalifman]]'''
| RD4-score01='''1½'''
| RD4-seed02=66
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rafael Leitão]]
| RD4-score02=½
}}

===Section 3===
{{4RoundBracket-Byes
| RD3=Third round
| RD4=Fourth round
| RD1-seed03=35
| RD1-team03={{flagicon|UKR}} [[Ruslan Ponomariov]]
| RD1-score03=½
| RD1-seed04=72
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|VIE}} '''[[Đào Thiên Hải]]'''
| RD1-score04='''1½'''
| RD1-seed07=51
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Alex Yermolinsky]]'''
| RD1-score07='''1½'''
| RD1-seed08=88
| RD1-team08={{flagicon|QAT}} [[Mohammed Al-Modiahki]]
| RD1-score08=½
| RD1-seed11=43
| RD1-team11={{flagicon|FRA}} '''[[Étienne Bacrot]]'''
| RD1-score11='''3'''
| RD1-seed12=80
| RD1-team12={{flagicon|EST}} [[Mikhail Rytshagov]]
| RD1-score12=1
| RD1-seed15=59
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|INA}} '''[[Utut Adianto]]'''
| RD1-score15='''1½'''
| RD1-seed16=95
| RD1-team16={{flagicon|SYR}} [[Imad Hakki]]
| RD1-score16=½
| RD2-seed01=3
| RD2-team01={{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Michael Adams (chess player)|Michael Adams]]'''
| RD2-score01='''3'''
| RD2-seed02=72
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|VIE}} [[Đào Thiên Hải]]
| RD2-score02=1
| RD2-seed03=19
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|CHN}} [[Xu Jun]]
| RD2-score03=½
| RD2-seed04=51
| RD2-team04={{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Alex Yermolinsky]]'''
| RD2-score04='''1½'''
| RD2-seed05=11
| RD2-team05={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Peter Svidler]]'''
| RD2-score05='''3'''
| RD2-seed06=43
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Étienne Bacrot]]
| RD2-score06=1
| RD2-seed07=27
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|CHN}} '''[[Peng Xiaomin]]'''
| RD2-score07='''2½'''
| RD2-seed08=59
| RD2-team08={{flagicon|INA}} [[Utut Adianto]]
| RD2-score08=1½
| RD3-seed01=3
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Michael Adams (chess player)|Michael Adams]]'''
| RD3-score01='''3'''
| RD3-seed02=51
| RD3-team02={{flagicon|USA}} [[Alex Yermolinsky]]
| RD3-score02=1
| RD3-seed03=11
| RD3-team03={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Peter Svidler]]'''
| RD3-score03='''2½'''
| RD3-seed04=27
| RD3-team04={{flagicon|CHN}} [[Peng Xiaomin]]
| RD3-score04=1½
| RD4-seed01=3
| RD4-team01={{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Michael Adams (chess player)|Michael Adams]]'''
| RD4-score01='''2½'''
| RD4-seed02=11
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Peter Svidler]]
| RD4-score02=1½
}}

===Section 4===
{{4RoundBracket-Byes
| RD3=Third round
| RD4=Fourth round
| RD1-seed03=39
| RD1-team03={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Andrei Kharlov]]'''
| RD1-score03='''1½'''
| RD1-seed04=76
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|DEN}} [[Sune Berg Hansen]]
| RD1-score04=½
| RD1-seed11=47
| RD1-team11={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Vladimir Malakhov (chess player)|Vladimir Malakhov]]'''
| RD1-score11='''2'''
| RD1-seed12=84
| RD1-team12={{flagicon|LTU|1988}} [[Aloyzas Kveinys]]
| RD1-score12=0
| RD1-seed13=31
| RD1-team13={{flagicon|NED}} '''[[Loek van Wely]]'''
| RD1-score13='''1½'''
| RD1-seed14=68
| RD1-team14={{flagicon|ARM}} [[Karen Asrian]]
| RD1-score14=½
| RD1-seed15=63
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Krishnan Sasikiran]]'''
| RD1-score15='''1½'''
| RD1-seed16=99
| RD1-team16={{flagicon|ZAM}} [[Amon Simutowe]]
| RD1-score16=½
| RD2-seed01=7
| RD2-team01={{flagicon|BUL}} '''[[Veselin Topalov]]'''
| RD2-score01='''1½'''
| RD2-seed02=39
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Andrei Kharlov]]
| RD2-score02=½
| RD2-seed03=23
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|BUL}} '''[[Kiril Georgiev]]'''
| RD2-score03='''3½'''
| RD2-seed04=55
| RD2-team04={{flagicon|ROU}} [[Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu]]
| RD2-score04=2½
| RD2-seed05=15
| RD2-team05={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Alexey Dreev]]'''
| RD2-score05='''4'''
| RD2-seed06=47
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vladimir Malakhov (chess player)|Vladimir Malakhov]]
| RD2-score06=2
| RD2-seed07=31
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|NED}} '''[[Loek van Wely]]'''
| RD2-score07='''2'''
| RD2-seed08=63
| RD2-team08={{flagicon|IND}} [[Krishnan Sasikiran]]
| RD2-score08=0
| RD3-seed01=7
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|BUL}} '''[[Veselin Topalov]]'''
| RD3-score01='''1½'''
| RD3-seed02=23
| RD3-team02={{flagicon|BUL}} [[Kiril Georgiev]]
| RD3-score02=½
| RD3-seed03=15
| RD3-team03={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Alexey Dreev]]'''
| RD3-score03='''1½'''
| RD3-seed04=31
| RD3-team04={{flagicon|NED}} [[Loek van Wely]]
| RD3-score04=½
| RD4-seed01=7
| RD4-team01={{flagicon|BUL}} '''[[Veselin Topalov]]'''
| RD4-score01='''4'''
| RD4-seed02=15
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Alexey Dreev]]
| RD4-score02=2
}}

===Section 5===
{{4RoundBracket-Byes
| RD3=Third round
| RD4=Fourth round
| RD1-seed03=34
| RD1-team03={{flagicon|BRA}} '''[[Gilberto Milos]]'''
| RD1-score03='''2½'''
| RD1-seed04=71
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|IND}} [[Abhijit Kunte]]
| RD1-score04=1½
| RD1-seed07=50
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|KAZ}} '''[[Evgeny Vladimirov]]'''
| RD1-score07='''2'''
| RD1-seed08=87
| RD1-team08={{flagicon|IND}} [[Dibyendu Barua]]
| RD1-score08=0
| RD1-seed11=42
| RD1-team11={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Pavel Tregubov]]'''
| RD1-score11='''3½'''
| RD1-seed12=79
| RD1-team12={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Alexander Rustemov]]
| RD1-score12=2½
| RD1-seed15=58
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|CAN}} '''[[Alexandre Lesiège]]'''
| RD1-score15='''2'''
| RD1-seed16=94
| RD1-team16={{flagicon|CHI}} [[Rodrigo Vasquez]]
| RD1-score16=0
| RD2-seed01=2
| RD2-team01={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Alexander Morozevich]]'''
| RD2-score01='''2'''
| RD2-seed02=34
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|BRA}} [[Gilberto Milos]]
| RD2-score02=0
| RD2-seed03=18
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|HUN}} [[Zoltán Almási]]
| RD2-score03=1½
| RD2-seed04=50
| RD2-team04={{flagicon|KAZ}} '''[[Evgeny Vladimirov]]'''
| RD2-score04='''2½'''
| RD2-seed05=10
| RD2-team05={{flagicon|UZB}} '''[[Rustam Kasimdzhanov]]'''
| RD2-score05='''2½'''
| RD2-seed06=42
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Pavel Tregubov]]
| RD2-score06=1½
| RD2-seed07=26
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|FRA}} '''[[Vladislav Tkachiev]]'''
| RD2-score07='''1½'''
| RD2-seed08=58
| RD2-team08={{flagicon|CAN}} [[Alexandre Lesiège]]
| RD2-score08=½
| RD3-seed01=2
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Alexander Morozevich]]'''
| RD3-score01='''1½'''
| RD3-seed02=50
| RD3-team02={{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Evgeny Vladimirov]]
| RD3-score02=½
| RD3-seed03=10
| RD3-team03={{flagicon|UZB}} [[Rustam Kasimdzhanov]]
| RD3-score03=1½
| RD3-seed04=26
| RD3-team04={{flagicon|FRA}} '''[[Vladislav Tkachiev]]'''
| RD3-score04='''2½'''
| RD4-seed01=2
| RD4-team01={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Alexander Morozevich]]
| RD4-score01=½
| RD4-seed02=26
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|FRA}} '''[[Vladislav Tkachiev]]'''
| RD4-score02='''1½'''
}}

===Section 6===
{{4RoundBracket-Byes
| RD3=Third round
| RD4=Fourth round
| RD1-seed03=38
| RD1-team03={{flagicon|EST}} '''[[Jaan Ehlvest]]'''
| RD1-score03='''4'''
| RD1-seed04=75
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|CUB}} [[Jesús Nogueiras]]
| RD1-score04=2
| RD1-seed07=54
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|MDA}} '''[[Viorel Iordăchescu]]'''
| RD1-score07='''2½'''
| RD1-seed08=91
| RD1-team08={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Michele Godena]]
| RD1-score08=1½
| RD1-seed11=46
| RD1-team11={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Alexander Grischuk]]'''
| RD1-score11='''2½'''
| RD1-seed12=83
| RD1-team12={{flagicon|BRA}} [[Darcy Lima]]
| RD1-score12=1½
| RD1-seed13=30
| RD1-team13={{flagicon|BLR|1995}} [[Alexei Fedorov]]
| RD1-score13=½
| RD1-seed14=67
| RD1-team14={{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Alexander Ivanov (chess player)|Alexander Ivanov]]'''
| RD1-score14='''1½'''
| RD1-seed15=62
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Grigory Serper]]'''
| RD1-score15='''1½'''
| RD1-seed16=98
| RD1-team16={{flagicon|IRI}} [[Amir Bagheri]]
| RD1-score16=½
| RD2-seed01=6
| RD2-team01={{flagicon|UKR}} [[Vassily Ivanchuk]]
| RD2-score01=1½
| RD2-seed02=38
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|EST}} '''[[Jaan Ehlvest]]'''
| RD2-score02='''2½'''
| RD2-seed03=22
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|CZE}} '''[[Sergei Movsesian]]'''
| RD2-score03='''4'''
| RD2-seed04=54
| RD2-team04={{flagicon|MDA}} [[Viorel Iordăchescu]]
| RD2-score04=2
| RD2-seed05=14
| RD2-team05={{flagicon|ISR}} [[Ilya Smirin]]
| RD2-score05=1
| RD2-seed06=46
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Alexander Grischuk]]'''
| RD2-score06='''3'''
| RD2-seed07=67
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|USA}} [[Alexander Ivanov (chess player)|Alexander Ivanov]]
| RD2-score07=0
| RD2-seed08=62
| RD2-team08={{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Grigory Serper]]'''
| RD2-score08='''2'''
| RD3-seed01=38
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|EST}} '''[[Jaan Ehlvest]]'''
| RD3-score01='''4'''
| RD3-seed02=22
| RD3-team02={{flagicon|CZE}} [[Sergei Movsesian]]
| RD3-score02=2
| RD3-seed03=46
| RD3-team03={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Alexander Grischuk]]'''
| RD3-score03='''1½'''
| RD3-seed04=62
| RD3-team04={{flagicon|USA}} [[Grigory Serper]]
| RD3-score04=½
| RD4-seed01=38
| RD4-team01={{flagicon|EST}} [[Jaan Ehlvest]]
| RD4-score01=1½
| RD4-seed02=46
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Alexander Grischuk]]'''
| RD4-score02='''2½'''
}}

===Section 7===
{{4RoundBracket-Byes
| RD3=Third round
| RD4=Fourth round
| RD1-seed03=36
| RD1-team03={{flagicon|UKR}} '''[[Alexander Onischuk]]'''
| RD1-score03='''1½'''
| RD1-seed04=73
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|SWE}} [[Evgenij Agrest]]
| RD1-score04=½
| RD1-seed07=52
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|ARM}} '''[[Artashes Minasian]]'''
| RD1-score07='''4'''
| RD1-seed08=89
| RD1-team08={{flagicon|PHI}} [[Buenaventura Villamayor]]
| RD1-score08=2
| RD1-seed11=44
| RD1-team11={{flagicon|ISR}} [[Lev Psakhis]]
| RD1-score11=3
| RD1-seed12=81
| RD1-team12={{flagicon|BIH}} '''[[Emir Dizdarevic]]'''
| RD1-score12='''4'''
| RD1-seed13=28
| RD1-team13={{flagicon|NED}} '''[[Jeroen Piket]]'''
| RD1-score13='''2½'''
| RD1-seed14=65
| RD1-team14={{flagicon|MEX}} [[Gilberto Hernández Guerrero|Gilberto Hernandez]]
| RD1-score14=1½
| RD1-seed15=60
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|ROU}} '''[[Vladislav Nevednichy]]'''
| RD1-score15='''1½'''
| RD1-seed16=96
| RD1-team16={{flagicon|EGY}} [[Ibrahim Hasan Labib]]
| RD1-score16=½
| RD2-seed01=4
| RD2-team01={{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[Alexei Shirov]]'''
| RD2-score01='''2½'''
| RD2-seed02=36
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|UKR}} [[Alexander Onischuk]]
| RD2-score02=1½
| RD2-seed03=20
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|BEL}} '''[[Mikhail Gurevich (chess player)|Mikhail Gurevich]]'''
| RD2-score03='''2½'''
| RD2-seed04=52
| RD2-team04={{flagicon|ARM}} [[Artashes Minasian]]
| RD2-score04=1½
| RD2-seed05=12
| RD2-team05={{flagicon|ISR}} '''[[Boris Gelfand]]'''
| RD2-score05='''2'''
| RD2-seed06=81
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|BIH}} [[Emir Dizdarevic]]
| RD2-score06=0
| RD2-seed07=28
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|NED}} '''[[Jeroen Piket]]'''
| RD2-score07='''2'''
| RD2-seed08=60
| RD2-team08={{flagicon|ROU}} [[Vladislav Nevednichy]]
| RD2-score08=0
| RD3-seed01=4
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[Alexei Shirov]]'''
| RD3-score01='''2½'''
| RD3-seed02=20
| RD3-team02={{flagicon|BEL}} [[Mikhail Gurevich (chess player)|Mikhail Gurevich]]
| RD3-score02=1½
| RD3-seed03=12
| RD3-team03={{flagicon|ISR}} '''[[Boris Gelfand]]'''
| RD3-score03='''1½'''
| RD3-seed04=28
| RD3-team04={{flagicon|NED}} [[Jeroen Piket]]
| RD3-score04=½
| RD4-seed01=4
| RD4-team01={{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[Alexei Shirov]]'''
| RD4-score01='''2½'''
| RD4-seed02=12
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|ISR}} [[Boris Gelfand]]
| RD4-score02=1½
}}

===Section 8===
{{4RoundBracket-Byes
| RD3=Third round
| RD4=Fourth round
| RD1-seed03=40
| RD1-team03={{flagicon|ARM}} '''[[Rafael Vaganian]]'''
| RD1-score03='''2'''
| RD1-seed04=77
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|MAR}} [[Hichem Hamdouchi]]
| RD1-score04=0
| RD1-seed07=56
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|BLR|1995}} '''[[Alexej Alexandrov]]'''
| RD1-score07='''4½'''
| RD1-seed08=92
| RD1-team08={{flagicon|EGY}} [[Fouad El Taher]]
| RD1-score08=3½
| RD1-seed11=48
| RD1-team11={{flagicon|UKR}} '''[[Vladimir Baklan]]'''
| RD1-score11='''3½'''
| RD1-seed12=85
| RD1-team12={{flagicon|CRO}} [[Ivan Zaja]]
| RD1-score12=2½
| RD1-seed13=32
| RD1-team13={{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Boris Gulko]]'''
| RD1-score13='''2½'''
| RD1-seed14=69
| RD1-team14={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Alexei Bezgodov]]
| RD1-score14=1½
| RD1-seed15=64
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|HUN}} '''[[Alexander Chernin]]'''
| RD1-score15='''1½'''
| RD1-seed16=100
| RD1-team16={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Alexander Utnasunov]]
| RD1-score16=½
| RD2-seed01=8
| RD2-team01={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Evgeny Bareev]]'''
| RD2-score01='''4'''
| RD2-seed02=40
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|ARM}} [[Rafael Vaganian]]
| RD2-score02=2
| RD2-seed03=24
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|ARM}} [[Vladimir Akopian]]
| RD2-score03=½
| RD2-seed04=56
| RD2-team04={{flagicon|BLR|1995}} '''[[Alexej Alexandrov]]'''
| RD2-score04='''1½'''
| RD2-seed05=16
| RD2-team05={{flagicon|GEO|1990}} '''[[Zurab Azmaiparashvili]]'''
| RD2-score05='''1½'''
| RD2-seed06=48
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|UKR}} [[Vladimir Baklan]]
| RD2-score06=½
| RD2-seed07=32
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Boris Gulko]]'''
| RD2-score07='''3½'''
| RD2-seed08=64
| RD2-team08={{flagicon|HUN}} [[Alexander Chernin]]
| RD2-score08=2½
| RD3-seed01=8
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Evgeny Bareev]]'''
| RD3-score01='''2'''
| RD3-seed02=56
| RD3-team02={{flagicon|BLR|1995}} [[Alexej Alexandrov]]
| RD3-score02=0
| RD3-seed03=16
| RD3-team03={{flagicon|GEO|1990}} [[Zurab Azmaiparashvili]]
| RD3-score03=½
| RD3-seed04=32
| RD3-team04={{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Boris Gulko]]'''
| RD3-score04='''1½'''
| RD4-seed01=8
| RD4-team01={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Evgeny Bareev]]'''
| RD4-score01='''2½'''
| RD4-seed02=32
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|USA}} [[Boris Gulko]]
| RD4-score02=1½
}}

==Results, rounds 5–7==
{{8TeamBracket
| RD2=Semifinals (best of 4)
| RD3=Final (best of 6)
| RD1-seed1=1
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Viswanathan Anand|V Anand]]'''
| RD1-score1='''3½'''
| RD1-seed2=21
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Alexander Khalifman|A Khalifman]]
| RD1-score2=2½
| RD1-seed3=3
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Michael Adams (chess player)|M Adams]]'''
| RD1-score3='''1½'''
| RD1-seed4=7
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|BUL}} [[Veselin Topalov|V Topalov]]
| RD1-score4=½
| RD1-seed5=26
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Vladislav Tkachiev|V Tkachiev]]
| RD1-score5=1½
| RD1-seed6=46
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Alexander Grischuk|A Grischuk]]'''
| RD1-score6='''2½'''
| RD1-seed7=4
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[Alexei Shirov|A Shirov]]'''
| RD1-score7='''2½'''
| RD1-seed8=8
| RD1-team8={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Evgeny Bareev|E Bareev]]
| RD1-score8=1½
| RD2-seed1=1
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Viswanathan Anand|V Anand]]'''
| RD2-score1='''2½'''
| RD2-seed2=3
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|ENG}} [[Michael Adams (chess player)|M Adams]]
| RD2-score2=1½
| RD2-seed3=46
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Alexander Grischuk|A Grischuk]]
| RD2-score3=1½
| RD2-seed4=4
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[Alexei Shirov|A Shirov]]'''
| RD2-score4='''2½'''
| RD3-seed1=1
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Viswanathan Anand|V Anand]]'''
| RD3-score1='''3½'''
| RD3-seed2=4
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|ESP}} [[Alexei Shirov|A Shirov]]
| RD3-score2=½
}}

==Championship final==
{{Chess diagram
| tright
|Anand–Shirov, 2000 World Ch.

| | | | | | |kd|
| |pd| | | | | |pd
| | | | | | | |
| | | |pd|bl| | |
| |pl| | | | |pd|nl
|pl| | |kl|pd| | |
| | | |pd| | |rd|
|rl| |rd| | | | |rl
| Final position of the match.
}}

The final match of the FIDE World Championship featured [[Viswanathan Anand]], the pre-tournament favorite and No. 1 seed, and [[Alexei Shirov]], who had previously been denied a chance to challenge [[Garry Kasparov]] for the Classical World Championship despite winning a candidates' match two years earlier. After an uneventful 34-move draw in Game 1, the two players exchanged pieces quickly in Game 2, leading to a relatively even rook-and-pawn endgame after 30 moves. But Shirov gave Anand an opening with 47... Ke5?, allowing the latter to preserve two passed pawns and turn them into a winning advantage. Anand would strike again in the third game – with Shirov on the attack, Anand held a strong defensive position until 27... Qg5! followed by 28. Qf3?! from Shirov gave him a solid advantage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.lichess.org/QdOD2htu|publisher=[[Lichess]]|title=Anand v. Shirov, 2000 - Game 3 Study}}</ref>

In the decisive Game 4, Shirov played a sharp attacking game, knowing a victory was required to stay in contention for the championship. But he faltered with 19... Qf6?, missing a sound queen sacrifice that would have led to an equal endgame with winning opportunities (19... Qxe2 20. Bxe2 Bf2 21. Rh1 e5) and followed with 20... Qxc3?, leaving his h-file bishop hanging. Anand was able to translate the resulting advantage into a winning position.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/07/nyregion/chess-anand-s-devious-strategy-defeats-shirov-in-a-match.html|work=The New York Times|title=Anand's Devious Strategy Defeats Shirov in a Match|date=7 January 2001 |last1=Byrne |first1=Robert }}</ref>

:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+FIDE World Chess Championship Final 2000
|-
! !! Rating !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! Points
|-
| align=left | {{flagathlete|[[Alexei Shirov]]|Spain}} || 2746
| ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| 0 || 0 ||style="background:black; color:white"| 0 || ½
|-
| align=left | {{flagathlete|'''[[Viswanathan Anand]]'''|India}} || '''2774'''
|style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || 1 ||style="background:black; color:white"| 1 || 1 || '''3½'''
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/a0a1$wix.htm World Chess Championship, 2000 FIDE Knockout Matches]

{{Chess}}
{{World Chess Championships|state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fide World Chess Championship 2000}}
[[Category:World Chess Championships|2000 FIDE]]
[[Category:2000 in chess]]
[[Category:International sports competitions hosted by Iran|Chess]]
[[Category:International sports competitions hosted by India|Chess]]
[[Category:2000 in Indian sport]]
[[Category:2000 in Iranian sport]]
[[Category:2000s in Delhi]]
[[Category:2000s in Tehran]]
[[Category:Chess in India]]
[[Category:Chess in Iran]]
[[Category:India–Iran relations]]
[[Category:Sports competitions in Delhi]]
[[Category:Sports competitions in Tehran]]
[[Category:November 2000 sports events in Asia]]
[[Category:December 2000 sports events in Asia]]

Gandahati waterfall

2025-08-09T08:34:48Z

PercySpivakovsky: brief cleaned up section based on references and corrected details for accuracy

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox waterfall
| name = Gandahati Waterfall
| photo = Gandahati Waterfall.jpg
| photo_caption =
| location = [[Gajapati district]], [[Odisha]], [[India]]
| map = Odisha
| coords = {{coord |18.889276|84.270147}}
| elevation = {{cvt|180.5|m|ft}}<ref name="Gajapati District, Government of Odisha 2018">{{cite web | title=waterfalls - India | website=Gajapati District, Government of Odisha | date=2018-03-20 | url=https://gajapati.nic.in/tourist-place/waterfalls/ | access-date=2020-07-26|quote=The waterfall area is 1212.40 ha, Height 20m, Longitude 840o-16’-23”N, Latitude 180o-53’-42”E. Altitude 609.9 Ft or 180.5m.}}</ref>
| type =
| height = {{cvt|20|m|ft}}
| height_longest =
| average_width =
| number_drops = 1
| average_flow =
| watercourse = Mahendratanaya<ref name="The New Indian Express-Dec 2018">{{cite news |last1=Express News Service |first1=Express News Service |title=Renovation on for Titli hit Gandahati waterfall |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2018/dec/30/renovation-on-for-titli-hit-gandahati-waterfall-1918283.html |accessdate=26 July 2020 |work=The New Indian Express |agency=Express News Service |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=30 December 2018 |ref=Renovation on for Titli hit Gandahati waterfall |language=or |quote=Originating in Mahendragiri hills, river Mahendratanya flows down and falls from the hill to 100 ft at Gandahati, situated nearly 30 km from here.}}</ref>
}}

The '''Gandahati waterfall''' is located on the ''[[Mahendratanaya River]]'' in the [[Gajapati District]] in Southern [[Odisha]], India. It is a popular scenic attraction located about 30 km from [[Paralakhemundi]].

Gandahati waterfall is a tourist destination in the Gajapati District of Odisha and attracts a large number of visitors during winter. This waterfall is 153 km from Berhampur and 30km from Paralakhemundi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gandahati Waterfall |url=http://www.eodishatourism.com/attraction/gandahati-waterfall-gajapati/1116 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120075940/http://www.eodishatourism.com/attraction/gandahati-waterfall-gajapati/1116 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=20 January 2018 |website=Eodishatourism.com}}</ref> It can be reached by road or train, with the nearest railway stations being Palasa and Paralakhemundi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gandahati Waterfall - Paralakhemundi |url=https://www.odishaat.com/2018/01/gandahati-waterfall-paralakhemundi.html |access-date=15 January 2018 |website=Odishaat.com}}</ref> The route to the falls is covered with dense forest and crosses small villages. Nearby to Paralakhemundi is [[Centurion University of Technology and Management]].

== Infrastructure ==
[[File:Gandahathi Waterfalls 2025.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Gandahati waterfall]]
A temple to the Hindu Goddess ''Santoshi Maa's temple'' is located near the waterfall.

The river can be crossed via an adjacent wooden bridge. Additionally, there is a wooden fence that runs from the entrance to the waterfall area to the steps that lead to the waterfall. A small garden and playground are maintained for the amusement of the visitors.

Beneath the falls, the river is shallow, and visitors can wade into the water. Huge rocks offer another viewpoint where visitors can enjoy the fall and take photographs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-05 |title=Gandahati Waterfall - Best tourist guide website in Odisha {{!}} tourism guide - Odishavisit |url=https://www.odishavisit.com/gandahati-waterfall/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=waterfalls {{!}} Gajapati District, Government of Odisha {{!}} India |url=https://gajapati.nic.in/tourist-place/waterfalls/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tourist Place {{!}} Paralakhemundi Municipality |url=https://www.paralakhemundimunicipality.com/about-us/tourist-place/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |language=en}}</ref>
{{clear|left}}

== Wildlife ==
Traces of the [[Asian small-clawed otter]] have been found in 2013.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=MOHAPATRA |first=Pratyush P. |last2=PALEI |first2=Himanshu S. |last3=HUSSAIN |first3=Syed Ainul |name-list-style= |date=2014 |title=Occurrence of Asian small-clawed otter Aonyx cinereus (Illiger, 1815) in Eastern India |url=https://ischolar.sscldl.in/index.php/CURS/article/download/86719/76748 |journal=Current Science |pages=367-370}}</ref>

==External links==
* https://www.gandahatiwaterfall.in/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721075916/https://www.gandahatiwaterfall.in/ |date=21 July 2020 }}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Waterfalls of Odisha]]
[[Category:Gajapati district]]

{{Waterfall-stub}}
{{Gajapati-geo-stub}}

Piprai

2025-06-09T16:40:22Z

PercySpivakovsky: created article

{{Short description|Town in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Piprai
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.51|N|77.96|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ashoknagar District|Ashoknagar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 608
| population_total = 9,037
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =473335
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|MP-67]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
}}'''Piprai''' is a town and [[Nagar Panchayat]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ashoknagar.nic.in/%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%af/|title=नगरीय निकाय | जिला अशोकनगर, मध्यप्रदेश शासन | भारत}}</ref> in [[Ashoknagar District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] in [[India]]. It is also a [[Tehsil]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ashoknagar.nic.in/%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%b2/|title=तहसील | जिला अशोकनगर, मध्यप्रदेश शासन | भारत}}</ref>

==Geography==
Piprai town is located on {{coord|24.51|N|77.96|E|}}.<ref>https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Piprai.html</ref> It has an average elevation of 358 metres (1174 feet). Multiple villages surround the city. The region is predominantly [[Agrarian society|agrarian]].

==Demographics==
The Piprai Town population of 9037 of which 4734 are males while 4303 are females as of the 2011 census. A total 1664 families reside there.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/500619-piprai-madhya-pradesh.html|title=Piprai Village Population - Mungaoli - Ashoknagar, Madhya Pradesh|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

==Transportation==
Piprai's Railway Station is located on Kota Bina Line, which connects it {{rws|Gwalior}}, {{rws|Sagar}}, {{rws|Bina}}, {{rws|Kota Junction}}, {{rws|Ratlam Junction}}, Guna, {{rws|Bhopal}}, and {{rws|Jabalpur Junction}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/pipraigaon-pia/2385|title=Pipraigaon Railway Station Map/Atlas WCR/West Central Zone - Railway Enquiry|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>

A Major Road Connects it from [[Ashoknagar, Madhya Pradesh|Ashoknagar]], [[Mungaoli]] and [[Chanderi]].

==See also==
* [[Ashoknagar District]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://ashoknagar.nic.in/en/std-pin-codes/ STD & PIN Codes | District-Ashoknagar, Government of Madhya Pradesh | India]
* [https://ashoknagar.nic.in/ जिला अशोकनगर, मध्यप्रदेश शासन | भारत]

{{Gwalior Division}}

[[Category:Geography of Madhya Pradesh]]

2022–23 Odisha Women's League

2025-04-05T01:29:15Z

PercySpivakovsky: Started A Details!

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox football league season
|image =
|pixels =
|competition = [[Odisha Women's League]]
|season = 2022–23
|dates = 27 November - 21 December
|winners = [[Odisha FC Women]] (1st title)
|relegated =
|continentalcup1 = [[Indian Women's League]]
|continentalcup1 qualifiers = [[Odisha FC Women]]
|continentalcup2 =
|continentalcup2 qualifiers =
|matches = 16
|total goals = 67
|league topscorer = [[Yumnam Kamala Devi]] ([[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]) (22 goals) 
|best goalkeeper =
|biggest home win =
|biggest away win =
|highest scoring =
|longest wins =
|longest unbeaten =
|longest winless =
|longest losses =
|highest attendance =
|lowest attendance =
|attendance =
|average attendance =
|prevseason = [[2021–22 Odisha Women's League|2021–22]]
|nextseason = [[2023–24 Odisha Women's League|2023–24]]
|updated = 11 December 2022
}}

The '''2022–23 Odisha Women's League''' was the 10th edition of the [[Odisha Women's League]], the top Odia professional football league, since its establishment in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orisports.com/SheduleDetails.aspx?cId=NTcz|title=FAO Women's Football League|work=Orisports|date=28 August 2011|access-date=28 February 2021}}</ref> [[Odisha Police]] are the defending champions. The league is organised by the [[Football Association of Odisha]] (FAO), the official football governing body of [[Odisha]], in association with the Department of Sports and Youth Services (DSYS) of the [[Government of Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orisports.com/SheduleDetails.aspx?cId=Mjc4Ng==|title=Odisha Women Football League 2022|work=Orisports|date=12 February 2022|access-date=12 February 2022}}</ref>

On 26 November 2022, the jersey launch ceremony of the six participating teams for the 2022–23 season was held in the presence of Minister of Sports for [[Government of Odisha]], Tusharkanti Behera, and the Secretary of the [[Football Association of Odisha]] (FAO), Asirbad Behera, at the [[Kalinga Stadium]]. [[Football Association of Odisha]] (FAO) treasurer Bhakta Ballav Das, vice-president Dilip Kumar Sahoo, and joint-secretaries Avijit Paul and Sangeeta Sharma, and [[Government of Odisha|Department of Sports and Youth Services]] Officer-on-Special-Duty (OSD), Shuvendu Panda, were also present on the occasion alongside captains, coaches, and managers of all participating teams.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pragativadi.com/odisha-womens-league-2022-23-from-nov-27-jersey-launched/|title=Odisha Women’s League 2022–23 From Nov 27; Jersey Launched|work=[[Pragativadi]]|date=26 November 2022|access-date=26 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="Ori">{{cite web|url=http://orisports.com/NewsDetails.aspx?nId=NzUxMA==|title=Jerseys launched for Odisha Women's Football League|work=Orisports.com|date=26 November 2022|access-date=26 November 2022}}</ref>

==Teams==
{{location map+ |India Odisha|float=right
|width=270
|caption=Venues in Odisha
|places=
{{location map~ |India Odisha|lat=20.2879|long=85.8238|label= <div style="font-size:75%;position:relative;top:4px;">{{nobreak|'''[[Kalinga Stadium]]'''}}</div>|position=right}}
{{location map~ |India Odisha|lat=20.3034|long=85.8141|label= <div style="font-size:75%;position:relative;top:4px;">{{nobreak|'''[[Capital High School, Bhubaneswar|Capital Football Arena]]'''}}</div>|position=left}}
{{location map~ |India Odisha|lat=20.3118|long=85.8209|label= <div style="font-size:75%;position:relative;top:4px;">{{nobreak|'''[[Government of Odisha|Odisha Football Academy]]'''}}</div>|position=bottom}}
}}<section end=map />

===Personnel===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left; font-size:85%"
|-
!scope=col| Team
!scope=col| Head coach
!scope=col| Captain
|-
!scope=row style="text-align: left;| [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
|
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Supriya Routray]]
|-
!scope=row style="text-align: left;| [[Odisha FC Women]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Crispin Chettri]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Karishma Oram
|-
!scope=row style="text-align: left;| [[Government of Odisha|Odisha Government Press]]
|
| {{flagicon|IND}} Pipili Mohanty
|-
!scope=row style="text-align: left;| [[Odisha Police]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Sakina Nesa
| {{flagicon|IND}} Jabamani Soren
|-
!scope=row style="text-align: left;| [[Sports Odisha]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Sarita Jayanti Behera
| {{flagicon|IND}} Manisha Naik
|-
!scope=row style="text-align: left;| [[Rising Students Club]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Sheikh Manzoor
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ashrita Kangadi
|}

===Squads===
{| class="wikitable"
! [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
! [[Odisha FC Women]]
! [[Government of Odisha|Odisha Government Press]]
! [[Odisha Police]]
! [[Sports Odisha]]
! [[Rising Students Club]]
|-
|valign=top|
* [[Supriya Routray]] ([[Captain (association football)|C]])
* [[Manisa Panna]]
* Chandani Patel
* [[Jabamani Tudu]]
* Sonali Behera
* Janjali Sahu
* [[Yumnam Kamala Devi]]
* Laharee Mangaraj
* Tara Khatoon
* Pinky Purty
* Madhusmita Barik
* Mamata Patra
* Sumitra Munda
* Deogi Murmu
* Pratima Minz
* Swarnamayee Samal
* Bishnupriya Mahanta
|valign=top|
* Karishma Oram ([[Captain (association football)|C]])
* Sasmita Parida
* Arifa Zaheer
* [[Juli Kishan]]
* Jasoda Munda
* [[Pyari Xaxa]]
* [[Grace Lalrampari Hauhnar]]
* Karthika Angamuthu
* Bannya Kabiraj
* Susmita Tanty
* Sumitra Xalxo
* Shreya Hooda
* Munica Minz
* Satyabati Khadia
* Malati Munda
* Deepa Nayak
* Kamini Munda
* Sradhanjali Panda
* Janaki Murmu
* Saloni Rathod
|valign=top|
* Pipili Mohanty ([[Captain (association football)|C]])
* Sila Singh
* Sonali Sabar
* Sunita Swain
* Suprava Barik
* Nirmala Behera
* Animi Kritika Kumari
* Laxmipriya Bhoi
* Monalisa Naik
* Priyadarshini Behera
* Reshma Singh
|valign=top|
* Jabamani Soren ([[Captain (association football)|C]])
* Sanjukta Tirkey
* Sasmita Ekka
* Sinulata Sahoo
* Soni Behera
* Arati Anima Khadia
* Eva Panna
* Jasmani Samad
* Jharana Malik
* Laxmi Munda
* Parbati Kujur
* Runi Nayak
* Gomati Bara
* Kabita Kar
* Pravasini Parida
* Rajeswari Das
* Susmita Dalei
* Tikina Samal
* Swarnapriya Nayak
* Suman Pragyan Mohapatra
|valign=top|
* Manisha Naik ([[Captain (association football)|C]])
* Manju Ganjhu
* Suhasini Mahakul
* Sangeeta Das
* Maxima Kujur
* Shibani Mundari
* Sumitra Hembram
* Salege Majhi
* Pratima Oram
* Subhasmita Subhadarsini Das
* Subhasini Saha
* Baisakhi Nayak
* Sarita Soreng
* Sanghamitra Malik
* Sasmita Amanga
* Pranati Pati
* Pratima Nayak
* Pari Pradhan
* Basanti Xess
* Spandita Das
|valign=top|
* Ashrita Kangadi ([[Captain (association football)|C]])
* Subhasini Oram
* Subhadra Sahoo
* Subhashree Swain
* Barsha Mahakud
* Bharati Das
* Gayatri Behera
* Janhabi Kishan
* Joshna Lakra
* Laxmipriya Lenka
* Nikita Bishi
* Premsila Lugun
* Ranee Bag
* Ambruta Nayak
* Jyosna Kishan
* Pramila Kishan
|}

==Standings==
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL

|source=[http://orisports.com/NewsDetails.aspx?nId=NzUxMA== Orisports]
|update=complete
|team1=OD
|team2=EC
|team3=SO
|team4=RS
|team5=OP
|team6=OG
|result1=KO

|win_OD=10 |draw_OD=0 |loss_OD=0 |gf_OD=46 |ga_OD=3
|win_RS=4 |draw_RS=0 |loss_RS=6 |gf_RS=12 |ga_RS=34
|win_OP=3 |draw_OP=0 |loss_OP=7 |gf_OP=20 |ga_OP=21
|win_SO=5 |draw_SO=0 |loss_SO=5 |gf_SO=19 |ga_SO=25
|win_EC=8 |draw_EC=0 |loss_EC=2 |gf_EC=46 |ga_EC=4
|win_OG=0 |draw_OG=0 |loss_OG=10 |gf_OG=0 |ga_OG=55

|name_OP=[[Odisha Police]]
|name_OD=[[Odisha FC Women]]
|name_RS=[[Rising Students Club]]
|name_SO=[[Sports Odisha]]
|name_EC=[[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
|name_OG=[[Government of Odisha|Odisha Government Press]]


|res_col_header=Q
|col_KO=#ccffcc |text_KO={{nobreak|Qualification for the '''[[2022–23 Indian Women's League season|2022–23 Indian Women's League]]'''}}
|class_rules = 1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) goal difference; 5) number of goals scored; 6) drawing of lots
}}

== Statistics ==
=== Scoring ===
{{updated|21 December 2022}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orisports.com/NewsDetails.aspx?nId=NzUyNQ==|title=Odisha FC crowned OWL champions; ECoR runners-up |work=Orisports.com |date=21 December 2022|access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Rank
!Player
!Club
!Goals
|-
|rowspan="1"|1
|align="left"|[[Yumnam Kamala Devi]]
|align="left"|[[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
|rowspan="1"|22
|-
|rowspan="1"|2
|align="left"|[[Pyari Xaxa]]
|align="left"|[[Odisha FC Women]]
|rowspan="1"|11
|-
|rowspan="2"|3
|align="left"|Karthika Angamuthu
|align="left"|[[Odisha FC Women]]
|rowspan="2"|9
|-
|align="left"|Deepa Nayak
|align="left"|[[Odisha FC Women]]
|-
|rowspan="1"|4
|align="left"|[[Supriya Routray]]
|align="left"|[[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
|rowspan="1"|8
|-
|rowspan="1"|5
|align="left"|Manisha Naik
|align="left"|[[Sports Odisha]]
|rowspan="1"|7
|-
|rowspan="2"|6
|align="left"|Jasoda Munda
|align="left"|[[Odisha FC Women]]
|rowspan="2"|6
|-
|align="left"|Jasmani Samad
|align="left"|[[Odisha Police]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|7
|align="left"|Jabamani Soren
|align="left"|[[Odisha Police]]
|rowspan="2"|5
|-
|align="left"|Pratima Nayak
|align="left"|[[Sports Odisha]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|8
|align="left"|Ambruta Nayak
|align="left"|[[Rising Students Club]]
|rowspan="2"|4
|-
|align="left"|Tara Khatoon
|align="left"|[[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
|-
|rowspan="4"|9
|align="left"|Eva Panna
|align="left"|[[Odisha Police]]
|rowspan="4"|3
|-
|align="left"|Laharee Mangaraj
|align="left"|[[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
|-
|align="left"|Malati Munda
|align="left"|[[Odisha FC Women]]
|-
|align="left"|Nikita Bishi
|align="left"|[[Rising Students Club]]
|-
|rowspan="6"|10
|align="left"|Gayatri Behera
|align="left"|[[Rising Students Club]]
|rowspan="6"|2
|-
|align="left"|Munica Minz
|align="left"|[[Odisha FC Women]]
|-
|align="left"|Pinky Purty
|align="left"|[[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
|-
|align="left"|Saloni Rathod
|align="left"|[[Odisha FC Women]]
|-
|align="left"|Soni Behera
|align="left"|[[Odisha Police]]
|-
|align="left"|Subhasini Saha
|align="left"|[[Sports Odisha]]
|-
|rowspan="18"|11
|align="left"|Arati Anima Khadia
|align="left"|[[Odisha Police]]
|rowspan="18"|1
|-
|align="left"|Arifa Zaheer
|align="left"|[[Odisha FC Women]]
|-
|align="left"|Bannya Kabiraj
|align="left"|[[Odisha FC Women]]
|-
|align="left"|[[Jabamani Tudu]]
|align="left"|[[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
|-
|align="left"|Karishma Oram
|align="left"|[[Odisha FC Women]]
|-
|align="left"|[[Manisa Panna]]
|align="left"|[[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
|-
|align="left"|Parbati Kujur
|align="left"|[[Odisha Police]]
|-
|align="left"|Pranati Pati
|align="left"|[[Sports Odisha]]
|-
|align="left"|Premsila Lugun
|align="left"|[[Rising Students Club]]
|-
|align="left"|Sasmita Amanga
|align="left"|[[Sports Odisha]]
|-
|align="left"|Satyabati Khadia
|align="left"|[[Odisha FC Women]]
|-
|align="left"|Subhadra Sahoo
|align="left"|[[Rising Students Club]]
|-
|align="left"|Subhasmita Das
|align="left"|[[Sports Odisha]]
|-
|align="left"|Suhasini Mahakul
|align="left"|[[Sports Odisha]]
|-
|align="left"|Suman Pragyan Mohapatra
|align="left"|[[Odisha Police]]
|-
|align="left"|Susmita Dalei
|align="left"|[[Odisha Police]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Odisha Women's League}}
{{2022–23 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2022-23 Odisha Women's League}}
[[Category:Odisha Women's League]]
[[Category:Sports competitions in Odisha]]
[[Category:2022–23 in Indian football leagues|1]]
[[Category:2022–23 in Asian women's association football leagues]]

Pravin Virbhadrayya Swami

2025-03-17T17:18:01Z

PercySpivakovsky: created new info - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}

'''Pravin Virbhadrayya Swami''' (born 1976)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pravin Virbhadrayya Swami (Sir)(Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)):Constituency- UMARGA (SC)(OSMANABAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Maharashtra2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=1123 |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Maharashtra]]. He is an MLA from [[Umarga Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community, in [[Osmanabad district|Dharashiv district]]. He won the [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] representing the Shiv Sena (UBT).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Umarga, Maharashtra Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: SHS (UBT)'s Pravin Virbhadrayya Swami (Sir) wins Umarga with 96206 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/umarga-maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-maelb-2638369-2024-11-23 |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Omerga (Maharashtra) Assembly Election Results 2024 Live: Winner, Runner-up, Candidates List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/omerga-maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-9685027/ |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Swami is from [[Umarga]], Dharashiv district, Maharashtra. He is the son of Virbhadrayya Gurupadaya Swami. He completed his M.A. in 2024 at [[Nashik]]. Earlier in 2022, he did his B.Sc., also at Nashik. In 1992, he completed his secondary school certificate examination at Bharat Vidyalay, Umarga. Before entering politics, he was a primary school teacher.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Swami won from Umarga Assembly constituency representing [[Shiv Sena (UBT)|Shiva Sena (UBT)]] in the 2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election. He polled 96,206 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Chougule Dnyanraj Dhondiram of [[Shiv Sena|Shiva Sena]], by a margin of 3,965 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Umarga Election Result 2024 LIVE: Pravin Virbhadrayya Swami (Sir) of SSUBT Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/umarga-election-result-2024-live-leading-winner-mla-9130187.html |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Umarga, Maharashtra Election Results 2024 Highlights: Umarga निर्वाचन क्षेत्र में Pravin Virbhadrayya Swami (Sir) ने 3965 वोटों से दर्ज की जीत |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/assembly-chunav/story/umarga-maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-maelb-2103917-2024-11-23 |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Umarga Constituency Election Results 2024: Umarga Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/maharashtra/constituency-show/umarga |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Swami, Pravin Virbhadrayya}}

[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Shiv Sena (UBT) politicians]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:People from Osmanabad district]]

Parkham, Uttar Pradesh

2025-02-05T15:00:00Z

PercySpivakovsky: created new page - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Parkham
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = hi
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = File:Yaksa Parkham Mathura.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = The Parkham [[Yaksha]]
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Map of Parkham
| pushpin_map = India#India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|27.287358|N|77.717414|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Mathura district|Mathura]]
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]

| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Parkham''' is a village in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]], and about 20 kilometers south of [[Mathura]].<ref>Parkham page on Village.org.in [http://village.org.in/Parkham]</ref><ref name="Upinder"/> It is well known for the discovery of an ancient and monumental [[Yaksha]] statue, thought to be dating to the 3rd century BCE based on the [[Brahmi]] inscription on its pedestal. Based in stylistic analysis however, it could be 2nd century or 1st century BCE.<ref name="Upinder">A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century, Upinder Singh
Pearson Education India, 2008, p.365 [https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA365]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Mathura district]]

List of taluks in Raichur district

2024-11-18T13:27:45Z

PercySpivakovsky: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[Raichur#Geography]]

Tamil (Unicode block)

2024-07-26T17:04:07Z

PercySpivakovsky: put up the data v1

{{also|Tamil Supplement|l1=Tamil Supplement (Unicode block)}}
{{Infobox Unicode block
|blockname = Tamil
|rangestart = 0B80
|rangeend = 0BFF
|script1 = [[Tamil script|Tamil]]
|alphabets = Tamil Saurashtra
|1_0_0 = 61
|4_0 = 8
|4_1 = 2
|5_1 = 1
|sources = [[ISCII]]
|note = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/ucd/|title=Unicode character database|work=The Unicode Standard|accessdate=2023-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/enumeratedversions.html|title=Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard|work=The Unicode Standard|accessdate=2023-07-26}}</ref>
}}

'''Tamil''' is a [[Unicode block]] containing characters for the Tamil, and Saurashtra languages of [[Tamil Nadu]] India, Sri Lanka, Singapore, and Malaysia. In its original incarnation, the code points U+0B82..U+0BCD were a direct copy of the Tamil characters A2-ED from the 1988 ISCII standard. The [[Devanagari (Unicode block)|Devanagari]], [[Bengali (Unicode block)|Bengali]], [[Gurmukhi (Unicode block)|Gurmukhi]], [[Gujarati (Unicode block)|Gujarati]], [[Oriya (Unicode block)|Oriya]], [[Telugu (Unicode block)|Telugu]], [[Kannada (Unicode block)|Kannada]], and [[Malayalam (Unicode block)|Malayalam]] blocks were similarly all based on their ISCII encodings.

==Block==
{{Unicode chart Tamil}}

==History==
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Tamil block:

{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible sticky-header"
|-
! [[Unicode#Versions|Version]] !! {{nobr|Final code points<ref group=lower-alpha name=final/>}} !! Count !! [[Unicode Consortium|UTC]] ID !! [[International Committee for Information Technology Standards|L2]] ID !! [[ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2|WG2]] ID !! Document
|-
| rowspan="11" | 1.0.0 || rowspan="11" width="180" | U+0B82..0B83, 0B85..0B8A, 0B8E..0B90, 0B92..0B95, 0B99..0B9A, 0B9C, 0B9E..0B9F, 0BA3..0BA4, 0BA8..0BAA, 0BAE..0BB5, 0BB7..0BB9, 0BBE..0BC2, 0BC6..0BC8, 0BCA..0BCD, 0BD7, 0BE7..0BF2 || rowspan="11" | 61 || {{nobr|UTC/1991-056}} || || || {{Citation|title=Indic Charts: Devanagari, Bengali, Gurmukhi, Gujarati, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam|first=Ken|last=Whistler|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|UTC/1991-057}} || || || {{Citation|title=Indic names list|first=Ken|last=Whistler|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1991-UTC/UTC46-draft.txt UTC/1991-048B]}} || || || {{Citation|title=Draft Minutes from the UTC meeting #46 day 2, 3/27 at Apple|date=1991-03-27|first=Ken|last=Whistler|ref=none|section=III. L. Walk In proposals}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01303-india-letter.pdf L2/01-303]}} || || {{Citation|title=Letter from the Government from India on "Draft for Unicode Standard for Indian Scripts"|date=2001-07-26|first=Om|last=Vikas|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01304-feedback.pdf L2/01-304]}} || || {{Citation|title=Feedback on Unicode Standard 3.0|date=2001-08-02|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01305-india-resp.txt L2/01-305]}} || || {{Citation|title=Draft UTC Response to L2/01-304, "Feedback on Unicode Standard 3.0"|date=2001-08-08|first=Rick|last=McGowan|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/consortium/utc-minutes/UTC-088-200108.html L2/01-295R]}} || || {{Citation|title=Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting #88|date=2001-11-06|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=Motion 88-M9|quote=The UTC approves changing the general category type of U+0B83 TAMIL SIGN VISARGA from Mn to Lo.}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01430R.pdf L2/01-430R]}} || || {{Citation|title=UTC Response to L2/01-304, "Feedback on Unicode Standard 3.0"|date=2001-11-20|first=Rick|last=McGowan|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05185-kssa-zwj.pdf L2/05-185]}} || || {{Citation|title=Documentation for KSSA as Non-conjunct Consonant and Conjunct Consonant in Tamil|date=2005-07-25|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05180.htm L2/05-180]}} || || {{Citation|title=UTC #104 Minutes|date=2005-08-17|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=Tamil (C.12.1), KSSA in Tamil (C.12)}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10108.htm L2/10-108]}} || || {{Citation|title=UTC #123 / L2 #220 Minutes|date=2010-05-19|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=B.10.15 [U+0B83, U+0BC1, U+0BC2]}}
|-
| rowspan="15" | 4.0 || rowspan="15" | U+0BF3..0BFA || rowspan="15" | 8 || || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01375r-N2381R-Tamil.pdf L2/01-375R]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2381r.pdf N2381R] || {{Citation|title=Proposal to add eight Tamil symbols|date=2001-10-11|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01420-consent-docket.txt L2/01-420]}} || || {{Citation|title=WG2 (Singapore) Resolution Consent Docket for UTC|date=2001-10-30|first=Ken|last=Whistler|ref=none|section=d. Tamil sign additions}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01405-mi.htm L2/01-405R]}} || || {{Citation|title=Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting in Mountain View, November 6-9, 2001|date=2001-12-12|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=Consensus 89-C23}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02112-n2421-tamil.pdf L2/02-112]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2421.pdf N2421] || {{Citation|title=Feedback on Tamil Symbols in PDAM2-10646-1 from the INFITT WG on Unicode|date=2002-03-15|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02154-n2403-minutes.pdf L2/02-154]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2403.pdf N2403] || {{Citation|title=Draft minutes of WG 2 meeting 41, Hotel Phoenix, Singapore, 2001-10-15/19|date=2002-04-22|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|ref=none|section=7.11}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12106-ed-updates.pdf L2/12-106]}} || || {{Citation|title=Request for editorial updates to various Indic scripts|date=2012-03-17|first=Shriramana|last=Sharma|ref=none|section=2. Tamil}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12147-script-rept.pdf L2/12-147]}} || || {{Citation|title=Review of Indic-related L2 documents and Recommendations to the UTC|date=2012-04-25|first1=Deborah|last1=Anderson|first2=Rick|last2=McGowan|first3=Ken|last3=Whistler|ref=none|section=II. TAMIL}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12150-tamil-credit.pdf L2/12-150]}} || || {{Citation|title=Tamil credit sign (U+0BF7) glyph shape from Printed Books|date=2012-05-01|first=Naga|last=Ganesan|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12180-infitt-report.pdf L2/12-180]}} || || {{Citation|title=Review of Indic-related L2 documents and Recommendations|date=2012-05-05|first=Mani|last=Manivannan|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12384-tamil-frac.html L2/12-384]}} || || {{Citation|title=Comments on Tamil fractions and Tamil credit sign|date=2012-06-11|first=Naga|last=Ganesan|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2013/13028-script-rept.pdf L2/13-028]}} || || {{Citation|title=Recommendations to UTC on Script Proposals|date=2013-01-28|first1=Deborah|last1=Anderson|first2=Rick|last2=McGowan|first3=Ken|last3=Whistler|first4=Roozbeh|last4=Pournader|ref=none|section=19.2}}
|-
| || || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4480.pdf N4480] || {{Citation|title=Request to change two glyphs of existing Tamil symbols|date=2013-09-06|first=Shriramana|last=Sharma|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17424-script-ext-changes.pdf L2/17-424]}} || || {{Citation|title=Changes to ScriptExtensions.txt for Indic characters for Unicode 11.0|date=2017-12-08|first1=Srinidhi|last1=A|first2=Sridatta|last2=A|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2018/18039-script-adhoc-rec.pdf L2/18-039]}} || || {{Citation|title=Recommendations to UTC #154 January 2018 on Script Proposals|date=2018-01-19|first1=Deborah|last1=Anderson|first2=Ken|last2=Whistler|first3=Roozbeh|last3=Pournader|first4=Lisa|last4=Moore|first5=Hai|last5=Liang|first6=Richard|last6=Cook|ref=none|section=ScriptExtensions.txt changes for Indic}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2018/18007.htm L2/18-007]}} || || {{Citation|title=UTC #154 Minutes|date=2018-03-19|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=Action item 154-A120|quote=Make script extension changes in version 11.0 as documented in section 6B, pages 6-9 of L2/18-039.}}
|-
| rowspan="4" | 4.1 || rowspan="3" | U+0BB6 || rowspan="3" | 1 || || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03273-sha-proposal.pdf L2/03-273]}} || || {{Citation|title=Proposal to add Tamil grantha character SHA|date=2003-07-29|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03278-tamil-sha.pdf L2/03-278]}} || || {{Citation|title=Review of a Proposal placed before UTC bearing No. L2/03-273, Proposal to encode Tamil SHA|date=2003-07-29|first=Peri|last=Bhaskararao|ref=none}}
|-
| || || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2618.pdf N2618] || {{Citation|title=Review of a Proposal placed before Unicode Technical Committee entitled 'Proposal to add Tamil Letter SHA' (L2/03-273)|date=2003-09-14|first=Peri|last=Bhaskararao|ref=none}}
|-
| U+0BE6 || 1 || || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04073-td0.pdf L2/04-073]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2741.pdf N2741] || {{Citation|title=Proposal to add Tamil Digit Zero|date=2004-02-01|first=Michael|last=Kaplan|ref=none}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | 5.1 || rowspan="3" | U+0BD0 || rowspan="3" | 1 || || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06184-tamil-om.pdf L2/06-184]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3119.pdf N3119] || {{Citation|title=Proposal to add Tamil Om|date=2006-04-28|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06108.htm L2/06-108]}} || || {{Citation|title=UTC #107 Minutes|date=2006-05-25|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=C.23}}
|-
| || || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3153.pdf N3153 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3153.doc doc]) || {{Citation|title=Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29|date=2007-02-16|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|ref=none|section=M49.5c}}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="7" | {{reflist|group=lower-alpha|refs=<ref name=final>Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names</ref>}}
|}

==See also==
* [[Tamil script]]
* [[Tamil Supplement|Tamil Supplement (Unicode block)]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Tamil character-encoding standards]]
[[Category:Unicode blocks]]

Deoha

2024-03-25T23:22:05Z

PercySpivakovsky: Adding Initial Article V1

{{Infobox river
| name = Deoha
| name_native =
| name_native_lang =
| name_other = Nanda Garra
| name_etymology =

| image = Deoha Pilibhit.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Deoha River flowing by [[Pilibhit]]
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption=

| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Uttarakhand]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 = City
| subdivision_name5 = [[Nanakmatta]], [[Pilibhit]], [[Shahjahanpur]]

| length =
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg =
| discharge1_max =

| source1 =
| source1_location =
| source1_coordinates=
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = [[Ramganga]]
| mouth_location =
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|27.1405|79.9459|format=dms|type:river_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}
The '''Deoha''' is a tributary of the [[Ramganga]] river. It rises in the Shivalik Hills and flows through the states of [[Uttarakhand]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is known by the names of '''Nanda''' or '''Nandhaur''' in the [[Kumaon division|Kumaon region]] of Uttarakhand. Upon its entry into the plains of Uttar Pradesh, the river gets the name of Deoha. Further downstream, it is also known as '''Garra'''.

The holy sikh town of [[Nanakmatta]] is located on the banks of Deoha, and it is where the Nanak Sagar dam has been constructed on the river. [[Pilibhit]], [[Bisalpur, Pilibhit|Bisalpur]], [[Shahjahanpur]] and [[Sandi, Uttar Pradesh|Sandi]] are other major cities located on its banks.

{{multiple image|perrow=3|total_width=650|caption_align=center
| align = center
| image1 = Nanak Sagar Dam.jpg|caption1=Nanak Sagar Dam at Nanakmatta
| image2 = Nanak Sagar Lake.jpg|caption2=Nanak Sagar Lake at Nanakmatta
| image3 = River GARRAH Shahjahanpur, Uttar pradesh, India.JPG|caption3=Garra river at Shahjahanpur
}}

== See also ==
* [[Nandhaur Wildlife Sanctuary]]

== References ==
* {{cite book |last1=Atkinson |first1=Edwin Thomas |title=Statistical, Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-Western Provinces of India: Rohilkhand division part 1 |date=1879 |publisher=North-Western Provinces and Oudh Government |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uvvsrqndusUC&dq=deoha&pg=PA764 |access-date=19 September 2022 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hunter |first1=William Wilson |title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India |date=1886 |publisher=Trübner & Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YpQbAQAAIAAJ&dq=deoha&pg=PA171 |access-date=19 September 2022 |language=en}}

{{Hydrography of Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:Rivers of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rivers of Uttarakhand]]

Nonsense (2018 film)

2024-03-17T02:20:40Z

PercySpivakovsky: redirect

#REDIRECT [[Nonsense (film)]]

St. Paul's Church, Mangalore

2023-09-25T13:58:29Z

PercySpivakovsky: quick fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox church
| name = St. Paul's (Military Church)
| fullname = St. Paul's Church
| image = Front view of St. Paul's Church, Mangalore.jpg
| imagesize =
| imagealt = Front view of St. Paul's Church, Mangalore
| landscape =
| caption = Entrance of the church
| pushpin map =
| pushpin label position =
| pushpin map alt =
| pushpin mapsize =
| map caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|12.86165|74.8375|region:IND|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| osgraw = 
| osgridref = 
| location = Central Maidan, [[Mangalore]]
| country = [[India]]
| denomination = [[Church of South India]]
| tradition = [[Anglican]]
| membership =
| website =
| former name =
| bull date =
| consecrated date = 1843
| people =
| status =
| functional status =
| heritage designation =
| designated date =
| previous cathedrals =
| architect =
| architectural type =
| style = [[English Baroque]]
| years built =
| groundbreaking = 1841
| completed date = 1843
| construction cost = ₨ 7,215
| closed date =
| demolished date =
| capacity =
| length =
| length nave =
| length choir =
| width =
| width nave =
| width transepts =
| height =
| height nave =
| height choir =
| dome quantity =
| dome height outer =
| dome height inner =
| dome dia outer =
| dome dia inner =
| tower quantity =
| tower height =
| spire quantity =
| spire height =
| archdiocese =
| metropolis =
| diocese = [[Diocese of Southern Karnataka of the Church of South India|Karnataka Southern Diocese]]
| diocese start =
| province =
| archbishop =
| bishop =
| dean =
| canonchancellor =
| precentor =
| canontreasurer =
| canonpastor =
| provost =
| canon =
| director =
| logo =
| logosize =
| logolink =
| logoalt =
}}

'''St. Paul's Church''' is an [[Anglican]] church in [[Mangalore]], India.

St. Paul's Church is located at the south-west corner of the [[Nehru Maidan]] (formerly the Central Maidan) in Mangalore. It was the first [[Protestant]] church to be raised in the [[South Kanara]] region. St. Paul's was originally a garrison church, raised by the British India army of the [[Madras Presidency|Madras]] Government, built using prison labour.<ref name=Daji-2006 /><ref name=DH-2011 /> St. Paul's is an imposing structure amidst the chaos of the fish market, service bus stand, and the State Bank of India.<ref name=DH-2010 />

==History==
In 1568, Admiral Diego de Silvera of the [[Portuguese Navy|Portuguese fleet]] conquered the fort of Mangalore and went on to build a Portuguese Fort of St. Sebastian (the present Deputy Commissioner's Office). Portuguese rule continued till 1763 when Mangalore was captured by the Muslim ruler [[Hyder Ali]]. In 1768, Mangalore was captured by the British India Army during the [[First Anglo-Mysore War]], before being transferred back to [[Tippu Sultan]] in 1784 as per the [[Treaty of Mangalore]]. After the [[Siege of Seringapatam (1799)|fall of Tippu Sultan]] in the [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]] of 1799 at [[Seringapatam]], Mangalore once again fell into British Control, annexed into the [[Madras Presidency]]. In June 1799, [[Sir Thomas Munro, 1st Baronet|Capt. Thomas Munro]] was appointed as the first [[District collector|Collector]] of Canara region, by the [[Governor-General of India]] [[Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley|Richard Wellesley]], on the personal recommendation of his brother [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Col. Arthur Wellesley]]. Mangalore went to become a strategically important port for the [[East India Company]], and hence a small army unit was maintained to preserve law and order in the Canara region, and for guarding the border passes into [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore Princely State]]. The army unit was further strengthened after the [[Amara Sullia Rebellion]] of 1837, when Mangalore was attacked. The fortification of Mangalore resulted in a need for the church to meet the spiritual and moral needs of the British soldiers and citizens. Hence, in 1841, Rev. R W Whitford, garrison chaplain appealed to the [[Madras Presidency|Government of Madras]] to construct a church in Mangalore, which was accepted. In 1842, Rev. Alfred Fennell succeeded Rev. Whitford. The church building was completed in 1842, and consecrated by [[George Spencer (bishop)|George Spencer]], [[Church of England]], Bishop of Madras, on 5 January 1843.<ref name=DH-2011>{{cite news|last1=Fernandes|first1=Ronald Anil|title=A mute witness to history|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/166246/archives.php|accessdate=13 August 2015|issue=Bangalore|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=3 June 2011}}</ref><ref name=Daji-2006>{{cite news|last1=Nandalike|first1=Walter|title=Exclusive St. Paul's - Canara's First Protestant Church|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/chan/printer.asp?aid=259&tname=exclusive&ec_referred_id=259&ec_column_id=exclusive|accessdate=13 August 2015|issue=Mangalore|publisher=Daji World|date=26 March 2006}}</ref>

==Construction==
[[File:St. Paul's Church, Mangalore (1922), by Rev. Frank Penny's Book 'The Church in Madras'.jpg|thumb|260px|St. Paul's Church, 1922]]
[[File:St. Pauls Church-2.jpg|thumb|260px|St. Paul's Church, 2016]]
The construction site of the St. Paul's Church, Mangalore, was at the Fort St Sebastian, the main seat of British power in [[Kanara|Canara]], on a {{convert|0.5|acre|1|adj=on}} plot.<ref name=DH-2010>{{cite news|last1=Shet|first1=LJ S|title=Old British 'Military Church' of M'lore|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/108782/old-british-military-church-mlore.html|accessdate=13 August 2015|issue=Deccan Herald|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=29 October 2010}}</ref>

The initial budget was ₨ 5,128, and was to accommodate 120 people. However, as a result of rising costs and insufficient funds it was decided to reduce the capacity of the church building to 100. The building works were initiated in 1842 by Rev. Alfred Fennel, and the church building was completed and was furnished before the arrival of Bishop Spencer to Mangalore, and was consecrated on 5 January 1843.<ref name=DH-2011 /> The final cost of construction was ₨ 7,215. The church was constructed using prison labour.<ref name=Penny>{{cite book|last1=Penny|first1=Frank|title=The Church in Madras : being the History of the Ecclesiastical and Missionary Action of the East India Company in the Presidency of Madras From 1835 to 1861: Volume III|date=1922|publisher=John Murray|location=London|page=98|url=https://archive.org/details/churchinmadrasbe03penn|accessdate=13 August 2015}}</ref>

After construction, the internal area of the church is {{convert|57|x|25|ft}}, with sufficient place allowed for the pulpit, sanctuary, lectern and clergy stall, could seat nearly 100 people.<ref name=Penny />

==Clock Tower==
Extensive repairs to the church were undertaken in 1897, during which the church tower was added.<ref name=DH-2010 /><ref name=Daji-2006 /> The church tower of St. Paul's has a clock, with two dials. The clock was made in the Mangalore workshop of the [[Basel Mission]], and installed by its German missionaries. The clock continues to function accurately. After the demolition of clock tower in [[Hampankatta]], the clock tower of St. Paul's is the only remaining clock tower in Mangalore.<ref name=DH-2011 />

==Basel Mission==
The German missionaries of the [[Basel Mission]] worshipped in St. Paul's Church until 1862, when the Balmatta Hill Shanti Church (now Cathedral) was established.

==Present Status==
In 1947, after [[Partition of India|Indian Independence]], St. Paul's became part of the [[Church of South India]], under the [[Malabar Diocese of the Church of South India|CSI North Kerala Diocese]]. In 1971, it was transferred to the [[Diocese of Southern Karnataka of the Church of South India|Karnataka Southern Diocese]]. It presently has around 115 families as members, and also strives to meet the spiritual needs of locals, and domestic and foreign visitors.<ref name=DH-2011 /> In 2003, a community hall, located at the rear of the church, was inaugurated by Rev. C. L. Furtado, CSI Bishop of Mangalore.<ref name=DH-2010 />

==St. Paul's Cemetery==
St. Paul's Cemetery is located on Old Kent Road,<ref>{{cite news|title=Wiki adds Mangaluru's 42 historic pictures|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Wiki-adds-Mangalurus-42-historic-pictures/articleshow/54393816.cms|accessdate=4 February 2017|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 September 2016}}</ref> near the railway tracks of the [[Mangalore Central railway station|Mangalore Central Station]], and is the resting place of many officers of the [[East India Company]] and British citizens. A notable grave is that [[John Carnac|Brigadier General John Carnac]], Commander-in-Chief of forces at Bengal, who in 1761 defeated Shah Zaddar, and died in Mangalore, aged 84, on 29 November 1800. The church records the officers of the [[East India Company]] who died in battle from 1855, and burial records from 1859.<ref name=DH-2011/><ref name=DH-2011a>{{cite news|title=20-foot tall obelisk in memory of Brigadier-General John Carnac|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/167883/F|accessdate=13 August 2015|issue=Mangalore|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=10 June 2011}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|last1=Penny|first1=Frank|title=The church in Madras : being the history of the ecclesiastical and missionary action of the East India Company in the Presidency of Madras in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries|date=1922|publisher=John Murray|location=London|pages=96–100|url=https://archive.org/details/churchinmadrasbe03penn|volume=3}}

==External links==
*{{cite web|last1=Basel Mission|title=St. Paul's Church, Mangalore|url=http://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/100200830|website=Basel Mission Archives}} Nineteenth-century picture of the church
{{commons category|St. Paul's Church, Mangalore}}
{{Portal|India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Pauls Church Mangalore}}
[[Category:Church of South India church buildings in India]]
[[Category:19th-century Anglican church buildings in India]]
[[Category:Churches in Mangalore]]
[[Category:1841 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Churches completed in 1843]]