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Jhargram Government Medical College and Hospital

2026-05-08T11:33:35Z

Pendu Mania: Creating pg

{{Short description|Government Medical college and hospital, Jhargram, Jhargram District}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Jhargram Government Medical College and Hospital
| image = [[File:Jhargram Government Medical College and Hospital Logo.png|200px]]
| type = [[Public]] [[Medical school|Medical College]] and [[Hospital]]
| motto = {{lang|sa|Sarve Santu Nirāmayāḥ}} ([[Sanskrit]]) Let all be free from disease and disability
| established = {{start date and age|2021}}
| principal = Dr. Susmita Bhattacharya<ref>{{cite web |title=Order Bearing No. HF/O/MERT/598/ME/TP-12-2023 Dated: 31st May, 2023 of Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal |url=https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/uploaded_files/go/Transfer_posting_of_Principals_and_Faculty_under_WBMES_cadre.pdf |website=www.wbhealth.gov.in |access-date=3 August 2023 |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803164846/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/uploaded_files/go/Transfer_posting_of_Principals_and_Faculty_under_WBMES_cadre.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| city = [[Jhargram]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = India
| coordinates =
| campus_type = Urban
| campus_size = {{convert|30|acre}}
| language =
| top_free_label = Recognition
| top_free = {{hlist| [[National Medical Commission|NMC]] | [[Indian Nursing Council|INC]]}}
| academic_affiliations = {{hlist|[[West Bengal University of Health Sciences]]}}
| website = {{url|https://jgmch.ac.in/}}
}}
'''Jhargram Government Medical College and Hospital''' ('''JGMCH''') is a Government Medical college and hospital.<ref>{{cite web |title=No. HF/O/IVIERT/705/HFW-240 13 (15) 13 12021 |url=https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/uploaded_files/go/7055.pdf |website=www.wbhealth.gov.in |access-date=5 January 2022 |archive-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817020800/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/uploaded_files/go/7055.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bengal government plans six new medical colleges |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/bengal-government-plans-six-new-medical-colleges-1502976546.html |access-date=5 January 2022 |agency=The Statesman |publisher=www.thestatesman.com |date=26 June 2021}}</ref> The college is located at [[Jhargram]] city in [[Jhargram district|Jhargram]] district, [[West Bengal]]. The college offers the degree Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS) and associated degrees.<ref>{{cite news |title=ছয় জেলায় হচ্ছে নতুন ছয় হাসপাতাল, স্বাস্থ্য পরিকাঠামোর আরও উন্নতিতে তৎপর নবান্ন |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/for-now-the-state-government-has-started-preparations-to-build-six-medical-colleges-and-hospitals-in-six-districts/cid/1289150 |access-date=5 January 2022 |agency=Anandabazar |publisher=www.anandabazar.com |date=26 June 2021 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=West Bengal proposes 6 new medical colleges with 100 MBBS seats each |url=https://medicaldialogues.in/state-news/west-bengal/west-bengal-proposes-6-new-medical-colleges-with-100-mbbs-seats-each-79157 |access-date=5 January 2022 |publisher=medicaldialogues.in |date=28 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ঝাড়গ্রাম মেডিক্যাল কলেজের কাজ খতিয়ে দেখতে বিশেষ দল |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/midnapore/special-team-visited-jhargram-medical-college-site-on-monday-dgtld/cid/1289691 |access-date=5 January 2022 |agency=Anandabazar |publisher=www.anandabazar.com |date=28 June 2021 |language=bn}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/education/article/6-new-medical-colleges-announced-in-west-bengal-in-coordination-with-central-govt/792207 | title=6 new Medical colleges announced in West Bengal in coordination with Central Govt | Education News }}</ref> The college is affiliated with [[West Bengal University of Health Sciences]] and is recognized by the [[National Medical Commission]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nmc.org.in/information-desk/for-students-to-study-in-india/list-of-college-teaching-mbbs/|title=List of College Teaching MBBS | NMC}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Health Sciences}}

{{coord missing|West Bengal}}

[[Category:Medical colleges in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Affiliates of West Bengal University of Health Sciences]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Jhargram district]]

Boomerang (2024 Indian film)

2026-05-03T13:25:21Z

Pendu Mania:

{{Short description|2024 Indian Bengali sci-fi comedy film by Sauvik Kundu}}
{{More plot|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Boomerang
| image = Boomerang Release Poster (3).jpeg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| alt = Theatrical Release Poster featuring Jeet and Rukmini
| story = Jeet Satragni
| director = Sauvik Kundu
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1 = Based on
| data1 = ''Punoray Ruby Ray'' by Lokkrishti<ref>{{cite news | title= নাট্যকথা: বাংলা মঞ্চে এই প্রথম এক রোবো-কমেডি: লোককৃষ্টি'র নাটক 'পুনরায় রুবী রায়' |url= https://samayupdates.in/entertainment-news-updates/comedy-theater-punaray-rubi-ray-review/ |access-date= 23 April 2022 |work= Somoy Updates |date= 23 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=জিৎ ও রুক্মিণীর 'বুমেরাং' ছবিতে আবীরের যোগসূত্র! জেনে নিন ছবির নেপথ্য কাহিনি |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/abir-chatterjee-is-connected-to-jeet-and-rukmini-maitra-starrer-boomerang-film-dgtl/cid/1519055 |access-date=3 May 2025 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |language=bn|date=24 May 2024}}</ref>
}}
| producer = [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]] Gopal Madnani Amit Jumrani
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Jeet
* [[Rukmini Maitra]]
* [[Sourav Das (actor)|Sourav Das]]
* [[Rajatava Dutta]]
* [[Kharaj Mukherjee]]
* [[Ambarish Bhattacharya]]
* Shyamal Chakraborty
* Jhulan Bhattacharya
}}
| narrator = Rajatava Dutta
| cinematography = Manas Ganguly
| editing = Sujay Dutta Roy
| screenplay = Sugata Sinha Sauvik Kundu Salim
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1 = Dialogues by
| data1 = Jeet Satragni Sugata Sinha Souvik Kundu
}}
| music = '''Songs:''' Nilayan Chaterjee '''Background score:''' [[Sanjoy Chowdhury|Sanjoy Salil Chowdhury]]
| studio = [[Grassroot Entertainment]] Jeetz Filmworks
| distributor = Grassroot Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|06|07}}
| runtime = 135 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| gross = 
| budget = 
}}

'''''Boomerang''''' ({{IPAc-en|b|uː|m|ə|r|æ|ŋ}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language [[Science fiction film|science fiction]] [[Comedy drama|comedy-drama film]] co-written and directed by Sauvik Kundu.<ref>{{cite news |title=Boomerang Movie: সিনেবট থেকে ফিউচারিস্টিক, 'বুমেরাং'-এ নয়া প্রযুক্তির ব্যবহার জিতের |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/cinema/jeet-and-rukmini-starring-boomerang-movie-to-make-a-new-revolution-in-tollywood-film-industry/articleshow/102446321.cms |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=[[Ei Samay]] |language=bn|date=5 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-19 |title=বাংলা সিনেমায় কল্পবিজ্ঞান! জিতের 'বুমেরাং' কী ভাবে সামলাবেন পরিচালক? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/tollywood-director-sauvik-kundu-shares-his-thought-about-his-new-film-boomerang-before-shooting-kick-off-dgtl/cid/1446015 |access-date=2025-05-03 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]}}</ref> Produced by [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]], Gopal Madnani and Amit Jumrani under the banner of Jeetz Filmworks and [[Jeet filmography|Grassroot Entertainment]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Arindam |date=2024-06-07 |title="A mix of simplicity, innocence and playfulness works wonders in comedy"- Jeet talks about Friday film ''Boomerang'' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/a-mix-of-simplicity-innocence-and-playfulness-works-wonders-in-comedy-jeet-talks-about-friday-film-boomerang/cid/2025317 |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> it stars Jeet himself and [[Rukmini Maitra]] in the lead,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Piya |date=2025-05-02 |title=Jeet and Rukmini Maitra's upcoming film Boomerang explores the sci-fi comedy genre |url=https://t2online.in/goodlife/food-beverage/jeet-and-rukmini-maitra-s-upcoming-film-boomerang-explores-the-sci-fi-comedy-genre/883033 |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=www.t2online.in |language=en |quote=Featuring a tech genius, tech-powered superbikes, robots and more, the film, whose official teaser was released on Poila Baisakh, also has generous doses of action, romance and comedy and promises to provide a complete package of entertainment.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Das |first=Soujannya |date=2024-06-26 |title=Rukmini Maitra on pulling off a robot's role in Boomerang and why Jeet is like family |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/rukmini-maitra-on-pulling-off-a-robots-role-in-boomerang-and-why-jeet-is-like-family/cid/2029749 |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> both portraying [[dual roles]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Boomerang Poster: বাইক নিয়ে আকাশে উড়ছেন জিৎ! |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/rukmini-maitra-and-jeet-shares-poster-of-their-sci-fi-movie-boomerang-31712815028152.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413222128/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/rukmini-maitra-and-jeet-shares-poster-of-their-sci-fi-movie-boomerang-31712815028152.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 April 2024 |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=Hindustan Times |language=bn|date=11 April 2024}}</ref> alongside an [[ensemble cast]] of [[Sourav Das (actor)|Sourav Das]], [[Rajatava Dutta]], [[Kharaj Mukherjee]], [[Ambarish Bhattacharya]], Shyamal Chakraborty, Jhulan Bhattacharya, Ayesha Bhattacharya and Debchandrima Singha Roy, with [[Biswanath Basu]] in a special appearance.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jeet Plays Scientist Whose Creation Goes Wrong In Bengali Sci-Fi Comedy Film 'Boomerang' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/jeet-plays-scientist-whose-creation-goes-wrong-in-bengali-sci-fi-comedy-film-boomerang |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=Outlook India |date=14 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='বুমেরাং' ট্রেলার লঞ্চের পর কেঁদে ফেললেন জিৎ! রুক্মিণীর নেড়া অবতারে 'ইম্প্রেসড' দেব |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/boomerang-trailer-out-jeet-got-emotional-dev-praises-rukmini/ |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |language=bn|date=24 May 2024}}</ref>

Based on Lokkrishti's famous stage production ''Punoray Ruby Ray'', a play written by Jeet Satragni,<ref>{{cite news |title=বাংলা সিনেমায় কল্পবিজ্ঞান! জিতের 'বুমেরাং' কী ভাবে সামলাবেন পরিচালক? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/tollywood-director-sauvik-kundu-shares-his-thought-about-his-new-film-boomerang-before-shooting-kick-off-dgtl/cid/1446015 |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |language=bn|issue=19 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2020-02-15 |title=বাংলার প্রথম রোবট নাটক, মঞ্চে এবার রুবি রায় ! |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bengali/west-bengal/sitara/tv-and-theater/wb-kol-02-theatre-punoray-ruby-ray-viz-7201042/wb20200215195629750 |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=bn}}</ref> the film revolves around Samar Sen, a scientist with a brilliant mind, who builds a [[humanoid robot]] and a series of events leads to thrill and comic situations that create a boomerang effect.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karia |first=Vedant |date=2024-05-27 |title=Don't miss the trailer of Jeet and Rumini's upcoming film, 'Boomerang' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/watch/grassroot-entertainment-shares-official-trailer-of-boomerang-starring-jeet-rukmini-maitra-directed-by-sauvik-kundu/cid/2022552 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |quote=The visual effects in the trailer show the film’s huge aspirations, with some action set-pieces blending both spectacle and entertainment.}}</ref> Announced in November 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-30 |title=Jeet: জন্মদিনে ফ্যানেদের রিটার্ন গিফট জিতের! ৩ বড় চমক দিলেন টলিউড সুপারস্টার |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/tollywood-bengali-cinema/story/jeet-gives-return-gifts-fans-his-birthday-tollywood-superstar-announces-2-new-movies-boomerang-and-manush-launches-teaser-chengiz-soc-477163-2022-11-30 |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=[[Aaj Tak]] |language=bn}}</ref> its [[principal photography]] commenced in July 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=নয়া ছবির কাজ আরম্ভ, হাতে হাত রেখে পথচলা শুরু জিৎ-রুক্মিণীর |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bengali/west-bengal/entertainment/movie/jeet-rukmini-new-film-boomerang-shooting-starts/wb20230721152506250250480 |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=ETV Bharat Bangla |language=bn|date=21 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-15 |title=Boomerang: Rukmini Maitra shares photos with Jeet as they gear up for the film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/boomerang-rukmini-maitra-shares-photos-with-jeet-as-they-gear-up-for-the-film/f6008eb48515 |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> Predominantly shot in [[Kolkata]] and [[Howrah]], the filming was wrapped by October 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karia |first=Vedant |date=2024-04-12 |title=Check out the first look of Jeet's ''Boomerang'' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/social/rukmini-maitra-shares-first-look-of-boomerang-starring-jeet/cid/2012709 |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |quote=The film’s first look shows Jeet at the peak of his action-hero avatar, performing a dangerous stunt on a futuristic bike, hovering in the Kolkata skyline with the Howrah Bridge in the background.}}</ref> Nilayan Chaterjee composed the soundtrack of the film, also penning the lyrics, while [[Sanjoy Chowdhury|Sanjoy Salil Chowdhury]] provided its background score.<ref>{{Cite web |title=গরমের ছুটিতে জমবে জিতের 'বুমেরাং' |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/cinema |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Eisamay Online |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Brahma |first=Sanjali |date=2024-05-29 |title=Glimpses from the trailer launch of Jeet and Rukmini Maitra's upcoming film Boomerang |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/glimpses-from-the-trailer-launch-of-jeet-and-rukmini-maitras-upcoming-film-boomerang/cid/2023215 |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> The cinematography and editing of the film are handled by Manas Ganguly and Sujay Dutta Roy respectively. The action sequences are choreographed by [[Ravi Verma]], while dance and VFX were served by [[Bosco–Caesar|Bosco-Caesar]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=আনন্দবাজার অনলাইন |title=আঞ্চলিক ছবির জন্য পারিশ্রমিক কমাতে রাজি, কাজের গুণমাণ নয়, বললেন কোরিয়োগ্রাফার সিজ়ার |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/a-candid-chat-with-bollywood-choreographer-caesar-gonsalves-of-bosco-caesar-duo-dgtl/cid/1523209 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005171150/https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/a-candid-chat-with-bollywood-choreographer-caesar-gonsalves-of-bosco-caesar-duo-dgtl/cid/1523209 |archive-date=2024-10-05 |access-date=2025-05-03 |language=bn}}</ref> and Nikhil Koduru respectively, while the latter makes his debut in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]].<ref>{{cite news |title=স্বপ্ন নাকি সম্পর্ক কি বেছে নেবে 'সমর সেন'? উত্তর নিয়ে আসছেন সুপারস্টার জিৎ... |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/entertainment/superstar-jeets-boomerang-official-teaser-release-on-bengali-news-year_516919.html |access-date=27 May 2024 |work=Zee 24 Ghanta |date=14 April 2024}}</ref>

''Boomerang'' was theatrically released on 7 June 2024 to positive reviews from critics and audiences alike.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jeet's Boomerang gets new release date, will hit cinemas June first week |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/jeets-boomerang-gets-new-release-date-will-hit-cinemas-june-first-week/cid/2008740 |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=The Telegraph |date=23 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=নিশা-ঈশার মাঝে স্যান্ডউইচ জিৎ-সৌরভ! প্রেম-দুঃখ-কনফিউশনে টোটাল ধামাল 'বুমেরাং'-র ট্রেলার |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/cinema/jeet-and-rukmini-maitra-starrer-upcoming-movie-boomerang-trailer-out/articleshow/110401541.cms |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=Ei Samay |date=24 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=জিৎ ও শাহিদের নতুন ছবিতে মিল কতটা! টলিপাড়ার চর্চা নিয়ে মুখ খুললেন 'বুমেরাং'-এর পরিচালক |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/speculations-are-rife-that-shahid-kapoors-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-and-jeets-bengali-film-boomerang-has-similarities-dgtl/cid/1492319 |access-date=27 May 2024 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=29 January 2024}}</ref> The film became a [[box-office]] success and emerged as one of the [[List of Indian Bengali films of 2024|highest grossing Bengali films of 2024]].It is the 57th film as an lead actor of Jeet.

==Plot==
Scientist Samar Sen, inventor of the "Flying Bike" and "Virtual Mobile" is a scientist of high intellect and mettle. Despite repeated failures, he dreamt of making a humanoid robot. Although he was married to Isha, her father tried to fix her marriage again with a groom of his choice because Samar didn't have a stable job. But, riding high on hopes, with meticulous precision he created an andro-humanoid robot "Nisha", very similar to his wife Isha. In the meantime, Nisha decides to take a break from Samar and he on the other hand, fell prey to Chinese goons, who were in the intention of stealing Isha from him for various malpractices against the country. When Nisha enters in the main scene, it became a boomerang for him and created confusion and chaos.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roy |first=Sudeshna |date=2024-06-24 |title=Filmmaker Sudeshna Roy pens down her thoughts about Jeet and Rukmini starrer Boomerang |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/filmmaker-sudeshna-roy-pens-down-her-thoughts-about-jeet-and-rukmini-starrer-boomerang/cid/2028874 |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Arindam |first=Chatterjee |date=2025-05-02 |title=Jeet and Rukmini Maitra take questions from Shiboprosad Mukherjee on Boomerang and its success |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/jeet-and-rukmini-maitra-take-questions-from-shiboprosad-mukherjee-on-boomerang-and-its-success/cid/2028650 |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]] in a [[dual role]] as<ref>{{cite news |title=Debchandrima Singha Roy in Jeet- Rukmini Maitra's 'Boomerang' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/debchandrima-singha-roy-in-jeet-rukmini-maitras-boomerang/articleshow/100955799.cms |access-date=27 May 2024 |work=Times of India |date=13 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Das |first=Soujannya |date=2024-07-01 |title=Jeet on ''Boomerang'': 'I felt there was a bit of monotony with the films I was doing' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/jeet-on-boomerang-i-felt-there-was-a-bit-of-monotony-with-the-films-i-was-doing/cid/2030753 |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |quote="Action is an ornament of a film. The storytelling remains the core and the soul. If the storytelling is good, the film works. You have to be right with the way you are telling the story and the directorial part has to be right too": Jeet}}</ref>
** Samar Sen, a genius scientist
** Amar, an andro-humanoid clone robot
* [[Rukmini Maitra]] in dual role as<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Arindam |date=2024-06-06 |title=Rukmini Maitra talks about her double role in Boomerang and completing seven years in film industry |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/rukmini-maitra-talks-about-her-double-role-in-boomerang-and-completing-seven-years-in-film-industry/cid/2024967#goog_rewarded |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |quote='Acting has taught me to leave behind a bit of my soul in every character that I play', says the actor}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-02 |title=Boomerang actress Rukmini Maitra will be busy with promotions and keep track of poll results for Dev |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/boomerang-actress-rukmini-maitra-will-be-busy-with-promotions-and-keeping-a-track-of-poll-results-for-dev/5448ddd302842 |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
** Isha Sen (née Manna), Samar's Wife
** Nisha, an andro-humanoid clone robot
* [[Saurav Das (actor)|Saurav Das]] as Ayan, Samar's co-scientist and best friend<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-21 |title=Boomerang: Conjunctivitis forces Satyam Bhattacharya to exit the film, Saurav Das joins in |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/boomerang-conjunctivitis-forces-satyam-bhattacharya-to-exit-the-film-saurav-das-joins-in/c5a6682005666 |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Subrata |title=Boomerang is a breather for me as an actor: Saurav Das |url=https://neherald.com/showbiz/boomerang-is-a-breather-for-me-as-an-actor-saurav-das |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=Northeast Herald |date=23 May 2024 |language=English}}</ref>
* Shyamal Chakraborty as Samar's father<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brahma |first=Sanjali |date=2024-05-29 |title=Glimpses from the trailer launch of Jeet and Rukmini Maitra's upcoming film Boomerang |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/glimpses-from-the-trailer-launch-of-jeet-and-rukmini-maitra-s-upcoming-film-boomerang/957474 |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=www.t2online.in |language=en |quote=The subsequent series of events leads to confusion and moments filled with laughter as Jeet and Saurav’s characters try to explain to Isha and the rest of the family about Nisha. Interestingly, the trailer begins with Jeet’s Samar Sen character in his magical bike saving a child in need. The trailer also raises the question as to why India does not have its own Batman or Superman.}}</ref>
* [[Rajatava Dutta]] as Isha's father
* [[Kharaj Mukherjee]] as Chang Lee, a Chinese agent working for Chinese terrorists in Kolkata
* [[Biswanath Basu]] as Isha's maternal uncle
* [[Ambarish Bhattacharya]] as Samar's neighbour<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-26 |title=Ambarish Bhattacharya opens up about his characters in Ajogyo and Boomerang |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ambarish-bhattacharya-opens-up-about-his-characters-in-ajogyo-and-boomerang/1331de4f8a128 |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-26 |title=জিতের 'গোয়েন্দা পড়শি' অম্বরীশ নাকি প্রসেনজিৎ-ঋতুপর্ণাকে জুড়ছেন! কী ভাবে? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/ambarish-bhattacharya-is-a-funny-detective-in-boomerang-and-turist-in-ajogyo-dgtlx/cid/1519548 |access-date=2025-05-03 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]}}</ref>
* Syed Arefin<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boomerang Movie Shubh Muhurat: Superstar Jeet & Director Sauvik Kundu's maiden collaboration |url=https://www.newmoviereviews.in/2023/07/boomerang-movie-shubh-muhurat-superstar.html |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=Nostalgic Screens}}</ref>
* Debchandrima Singha Roy as Tina, Ayan's girlfriend<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Sankha |date=2023-06-13 |title=Debchandrima Singha Roy in Jeet- Rukmini Maitra's 'Boomerang' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/debchandrima-singha-roy-in-jeet-rukmini-maitras-boomerang/articleshow/100955799.cms |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-13 |title=''Boomerang'': Debchandrima to work in Jeet-Rukmini Maitra's film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/boomerang-debchandrima-to-work-in-jeet-rukmini-maitras-film/80ed9e8a7f285 |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |quote=Debchandrima will be seen in this film pairing up with Satyam Bhattacharya. She worked in ''Kishmish'' as a small character as Dev’s ex-girlfriend. If all goes well, Debchandrima will have a proper Tollywood debut with Jeet’s film.}}</ref>
* Nanak Madnani as Inspector S Bose
* Ayesha Bhattacharya as Baishakhi
* Uday Shankar Paul as a servant

==Production==
===Announcement===
The film was announced by [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]] via his [[Twitter]] handle on 30 November 2022 on the occasion of his birthday.<ref>{{cite news |title=জন্মদিনে ফ্যানেদের রিটার্ন গিফট জিতের! ৩ বড় চমক দিলেন টলিউড সুপারস্টার |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/tollywood-bengali-cinema/story/jeet-gives-return-gifts-fans-his-birthday-tollywood-superstar-announces-2-new-movies-boomerang-and-manush-launches-teaser-chengiz-soc-477163-2022-11-30 |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=Aaj Tak Bangla |language=bn|date=30 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=আনন্দবাজার অনলাইন |title=মুণ্ডনেই বাজিমাত! রুক্মিণীর 'ন্যাড়া মাথা' লুক চোখ বুজে অনুকরণ করছেন অনুরাগীরা |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/fans-are-following-rukmini-maitras-bald-look-from-boomerang-movie-dgtl/cid/1522062 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007020848/https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/fans-are-following-rukmini-maitras-bald-look-from-boomerang-movie-dgtl/cid/1522062 |archive-date=2024-10-07 |access-date=2025-05-03 |language=bn}}</ref> The film's first look was unveiled on the occasion of [[Eid al-Fitr|Eid]] on 11 April 2024.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Sanghamitra |date=11 April 2024 |title=Jeet drops first poster of sci-fi comedy Boomerang on Eid |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/jeet-drops-first-poster-of-sci-fi-thriller-boomerang-on-eid/cid/2012640 |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jeet unveils first look of Boomerang |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jeet-unveils-first-look-of-boomerang/articleshow/109214369.cms |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=[[Times of India]] |issue=11 April 2024}}</ref> The poster sparked anticipation among the fans, especially with the pairing of Jeet and Rukmini Maitra on screen for the first time.<ref>{{cite news |title=Boomerang: Jeet unveils the first look of the film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/boomerang-jeet-unveils-the-first-look-of-the-film/6706cd85d5777 |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=[[HT Media|OTTplay]] |issue=11 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Niyogi |first=Agnivo |date=2024-04-15 |title=Boomerang, Babli, Ajogya: Two teasers and a poster that dropped on Poila Baisakh |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/boomerang-babli-ajogya-two-teasers-and-a-poster-that-dropped-on-poila-baisakh/cid/2013441 |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref>

===Development===
'''Cinebot'''

The production of Boomerang marked a significant technological advancement in the Bengali film industry with the introduction of the Cine-Bot technology for the first time in any Bengali film.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jeet's upcoming film Boomerang has tech gimmicks |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2023/Aug/04/jeets-upcoming-film-boomerang-has-tech-gimmicks-51750.html |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=Indulge Express |date=4 August 2023}}</ref>

'''Superbike'''

Alongside the cinebot technology, ''Boomerang'' also features a custom-designed futuristic superbike, which plays an integral role in the narrative. First time in any Bengali film, the cutting-edge two-wheeler will showcase never seen before technology in Tollywood.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-04 |title=Boomerang, starring Jeet and Rukmini, sets new industry standards with revolutionary cinebot and futuristic superbike |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/boomerang-starring-jeet-and-rukmini-sets-new-industry-standards-with-revolutionary-cinebot-and-futuristic-superbike/cid/1956562 |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |quote=Jeetz Filmworks has added another layer of excitement to the film with a futuristic bike. This cutting-edge two-wheeler showcases never-before-seen technology and sleek aesthetics that fit perfectly into the film’s narrative.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Boomerang' to introduce revolutionary Cinebot and futuristic superbike in Tollywood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jeets-next-boomerang-to-introduce-revolutionary-cinebot-and-futuristic-bike-in-tollywood/articleshow/102417011.cms |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=Times of India |date=4 August 2023}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Boomerang
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Nilayan Chatterjee
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2024
| recorded = 2023–24
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Bengali Hindi
| label = Grassroot Entertainment (Bengali) Grassroot Music (Hindi)
| producer =
| misc =
}}

The music of the film is composed by [[Nilayan Chatterjee]] while Sanjoy Salil Chowdhury composed the background score. The lyrics have been penned by Nilayan Chatterjee and Prashant Ingole.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-07 |title=Exclusive! Jeet on Boomerang: We need to take a break from family dramas and detective films and offer something fresh |url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/jeet-exclusive-interview-on-boomerang/88f420c8e3362 |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |quote=“We also failed to come up with films that are fresh, new, and other out of the box. We made family drama after family drama. And then made detective films one after the other", says Jeet}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-10 |title=Boomerang: Jeet explains the reason for choosing sci-fi as a subject |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/boomerang-jeet-explains-the-reason-for-choosing-sci-fi-as-a-subject/7cc28246f4590 |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |quote=He further added that since his recent films were largely based on grim subjects, he wanted to work on something uplifting.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-18 |title=জিৎ-রুক্মিণীর ছবি দেখলেন শিবপ্রসাদ, কেমন লাগল তাঁর? জানালেন 'বুমেরাং'-এর পরিচালক |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/tollywood-director-shiboprosad-mukherjee-watched-the-film-boomerang-starring-jeet-and-rukmini-maitra-dgtl/cid/1524740 |access-date=2025-05-03 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]}}</ref>

The first single "Boomerang Title Track" was released on 6 May 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Subhadrika |date=2024-05-06 |title=Title track of Jeet-Rukmini starrer 'Boomerang' dropped |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2024/May/06/title-track-of-jeet-rukmini-starrer-boomerang-dropped |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref> The Hindi version with the same title was released on 28 May 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Piya |date=2024-05-09 |title=The title track of Boomerang starring Jeet and Rukmini Maitra sends out party vibes |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/the-title-track-of-boomerang-starring-jeet-and-rukmini-maitra-sends-out-party-vibes/918455 |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=www.t2online.in |language=en}}</ref> The second single "Adwitiya" was released on 14 May 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jeet and Rukmini enthrall audiences with a sad romantic track from upcoming film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jeet-and-rukmini-enthrall-audiences-with-a-sad-romantic-track-from-upcoming-film/articleshow/110167699.cms |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=Times of India |date=16 May 2024}}</ref> The Hindi version titled "O Bairiya" was released on 1 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Piya |date=2024-05-15 |title=Sonu Nigam sings a melancholy love song for the upcoming film Boomerang |url=https://t2online.in/music/indian/sonu-nigam-sings-a-melancholy-love-song-for-the-upcoming-film-boomerang/931988 |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=www.t2online.in |language=en |quote=Voiced by singer Sonu Nigam, its contemplative words and plaintive tunes express a mood of sorrow, loneliness and desolation. Its music and lyrics are by Nilayan Chatterjee.}}</ref> The third single titled "Bon Bon" was released on 2 June 2024. The Hindi version with the same title was released on 7 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karia |first=Vedant |date=2024-06-11 |title=Jeet and Rukmini groove to Boomerang's new song, 'Bon Bon'! |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/listen/jeet-and-rukmini-maitra-hit-the-dance-floor-for-boomerang-song-bon-bon-by-nakash-aziz/cid/2025996 |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |quote=What has particularly caught notice is the film’s Hindi party anthem, Bon Bon, sung by Nakash Aziz. Taking place in a flashy club with plenty of tipple and flashy lights, the music video has Jeet and Rukmini pairing their Insta-worthy hook steps to the song’s peppy beats.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=অনলাইন |first=আনন্দবাজার |title=পর্দায় আসবেন 'ন্যাড়া' হয়ে! ট্রোলিংয়ের ভয় করেনি? উত্তর দিলেন রুক্মিণী |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/bengali-actress-rukmini-maitra-shares-her-preparation-for-the-bald-look-in-the-film-boomerang-dgtl/cid/1520132 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007180801/https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/bengali-actress-rukmini-maitra-shares-her-preparation-for-the-bald-look-in-the-film-boomerang-dgtl/cid/1520132 |archive-date=2024-10-07 |access-date=2025-05-03 |language=bn}}</ref>

===Bengali===
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 9:15
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Boomerang Title Track
| length1 = 3:20
| lyrics1 = Nilayan Chatterjee
| extra1 = Shashwat Singh, Kartick Das Baul, Shyamoshree Saha
| title2 = Adwitiya
| length2 = 2:41
| lyrics2 = Nilayan Chatterjee
| extra2 = [[Sonu Nigam]]
| title3 = Bon Bon
| length3 = 3:14
| lyrics3 = Nilayan Chatterjee
| extra3 = [[Nakash Aziz]]
}}

===Hindi===
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 9:00
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Boomerang Title Track
| length1 = 3:10
| lyrics1 = Nilayan Chatterjee
| extra1 = Shashwat Singh, Romy, Shyamoshree Saha
| title2 = O Bairiya
| length2 = 2:39
| lyrics2 = Prashant Ingole
| extra2 = [[Sonu Nigam]]
| title3 = Bon Bon
| length3 = 3:11
| lyrics3 = Nilayan Chatterjee
| extra3 = [[Nakash Aziz]]
}}

== Marketing ==
Unique promotional strategies were undertaken to align with the futuristic sci-fi theme of the movie.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-11 |title=Jeet's Movie Boomerang's First Poster Launched |url=https://www.tollykata.com/articles/tollywood/jeet-s-movie-boomerang-s-first-poster-launched-516 |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=www.tollykata.com |language=en |quote=Jeet posted the first poster of his upcoming sci-fi film Boomerang on Instagram today. He captioned the poster "My Eidi." Fans are excited to see Jeet take up this new challenge, and it will be fun to see Jeet in this new character. In the poster, we can see Jeet flying over our beloved city of Kolkata with the infamous Howrah Bridge in the background on his superbike.}}</ref> On 13 April [[Rukmini Maitra]] informed via her [[Instagram]] that her [[Facebook]] profile has been hacked.<ref>{{cite news |title=রক্মিণীর সোশাল প্রোফাইল হ্যাকড, নেপথ্যে কারা? ফাঁস গোপন তথ্য - Boomerang Official Teaser |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bn/!entertainment/jeet-and-rukmini-shares-boomerang-teaser-on-social-media-wbs24041403422 |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=ETV Bharat Bangla |language=bn|date=14 April 2024}}</ref> [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]] also extended help to resolve this issue.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-14 |title=রুক্মিণীর ফেসবুক প্রোফাইল 'হ্যাকড'! চিন্তায় জিৎ, কিন্তু সত্যিটা কী, প্রকাশ্যে এল নববর্ষে |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/rukimini-maitras-facebook-profile-hacked-what-is-the-real-story-dgtl/cid/1510020 |access-date=2025-05-03 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]}}</ref> Later they informed it was a part of the film promotions.<ref>{{cite news |title='পাগলি এ কী হল!', সাইবার ক্রাইমের শিকার রুক্মিণীর পাশে জিৎ, দিলেন সাহায্যের প্রস্তাব |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/jeet-extends-his-support-to-rukmini-maitra-as-her-facebook-profile-got-hacked/ |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |date=14 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rukmini Maitra: হ্যাক করেছিলেন রুক্মিণীর ফেসবুক প্রোফাইল, কে এই নিশা? |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/rukmini-maitra-shares-her-new-film-update-with-jeet-named-boomerang-know-in-details-1060356 |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=ABP Ananda |date=14 April 2024}}</ref> On 22 May 2024, a bald look of Rukmini was released, which created chaos and surprise among the netizens.<ref>{{cite news |title=ব্যুমেরাং! টাক মাথা, এ কী হাল হল নায়িকার.... |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/photos/bengali-actress-rukmini-maitra-new-bald-look-for-movie-boomerang-jeet-522955 |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=Zee 24 Ghanta |date=23 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rukmini stuns fans with bold bald look for her upcoming sci-fi comedyt |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/rukmini-stuns-fans-with-bold-bald-look-for-her-upcoming-sci-fi-comedy/articleshow/110367496.cms |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=23 May 2024}}</ref>

The teaser of the film was dropped on 14 April 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Boomerang, Babli, Ajogya: Two teasers and a poster that dropped on Poila Baisakh |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/boomerang-babli-ajogya-two-teasers-and-a-poster-that-dropped-on-poila-baisakh/cid/2013441 |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=The Telegraph |date=15 April 2024}}</ref> The 2nd poster of the film was dropped on 20 May 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jeet unveils second poster of his upcoming sci-fi comedy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/jeet-unveils-second-poster-of-his-upcoming-sci-fi-comedy/articleshow/110298032.cms}}</ref> The trailer was released on 24 May 2024<ref>{{Cite news |last=Niyogi |first=Agnivo |date=2025-05-02 |title=''Boomerang'' trailer: Jeet and Rukmini Maitra-starrer promises to be a rib-tickling comedy of errors |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/boomerang-trailer-jeet-and-rukmini-maitra-starrer-promises-to-be-a-rib-tickling-comedy-of-errors/cid/2022389 |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |quote=Produced by Jeetz Filmworks Private Limited, Boomerang is scheduled to release in theatres on June 7. It is based on the play Punoray Ruby Ray, staged by the Lok-Krishti group.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rukmini Maitra's Humanoid Robot Unleashes Laugh Riot In 'Boomerang' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/television/rukmini-maitras-humanoid-robot-unleashes-laugh-riot-in-boomerang|access-date=26 May 2024 |work=Outlook India |date=24 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Ruman |date=2024-05-29 |title=Trailer of Jeet-Rukmini's upcoming sci-fi film revealed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/trailer-of-jeet-rukminis-upcoming-sci-fi-film-revealed/articleshow/110524124.cms |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> at an event at Star Theatre in [[North Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite news |title=প্রকাশ্যে এল জিতের নতুন ছবি 'বুমেরাং'-এর ট্রেলার। ট্রেলার প্রকাশ অনুষ্ঠানে বন্ধুত্বের সংজ্ঞা জানালেন বাংলার সুপারস্টার |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/bengali-actor-jeet-and-rukmini-maitra-launched-the-trailer-of-their-upcoming-film-boomerang-dgtl/cid/1519123 |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=24 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rukmini Maitra: 'কিছু জানতাম না, চিত্রনাট্যেও ছিল না'! |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/rukmini-maitra-shares-she-has-no-clue-about-going-bald-for-jeets-film-boomerang-31716439511855.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524225412/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/rukmini-maitra-shares-she-has-no-clue-about-going-bald-for-jeets-film-boomerang-31716439511855.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 May 2024 |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=Hindustan Times |date=23 May 2024}}</ref>

==Release==
Initially set to release on 10 May 2024,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Niyogi |first=Agnivo |date=2024-03-23 |title=Jeet's Boomerang gets new release date, will hit cinemas June first week |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/jeets-boomerang-gets-new-release-date-will-hit-cinemas-june-first-week/cid/2008740 |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |quote=The decision to postpone the release date is reportedly influenced by the impending Lok Sabha elections scheduled for May, indicating a strategic move to avoid clashing with the polls.}}</ref> the film's release was postponed and released on 7 June 2024 due to the concurrent [[2024 Indian general election|2024 Lok Sabha elections]] scheduled in May.<ref>{{cite news |title=ভোটের কারণে পিছোল জিতের 'বুমেরাং'-এর রিলিজ |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/jeets-new-movie-boomerang-release-date-postponed-for-lok-sabha-election-2024/ |access-date=26 May 2024 |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |date=22 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhanja |first=Sandipta |date=2024-05-24 |title='বুমেরাং' ট্রেলার লঞ্চের পর কেঁদে ফেললেন জিৎ! রুক্মিণীর নেড়া অবতারে 'ইম্প্রেসড' দেব |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/boomerang-trailer-out-jeet-got-emotional-dev-praises-rukmini/ |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Critical reception===
Suparna Majumder of ''[[Sangbad Pratidin]]'' reviewed the film on a positive note and wrote "It was nice to experience Jeet in a comedic role instead of the larger-than-life massy roles. It proved his abilities as an actor. The witty dialogues and comedic scenes throughout will make the audience laugh throughout the length of the movie."<ref>{{cite news |last=Majumder |first=Suparna |date=8 June 2024 |title=সুপারহিরো জিৎ, রোবট রুক্মিণী, মন জিততে পারল 'বুমেরাং'? পড়ুন রিভিউ |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/film-review/here-is-the-review-of-jeet-rukmini-maitra-starrer-boomerang-movie/ |access-date=16 June 2024 |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]]}}</ref> Shamayita Chakraborty of ''[[HT Media|OTTplay]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and termed it as "Laughter riot. Despite a sluggish start, it is a perfect two-odd-hour to shut the worries of real life and focus on the screen."<ref>{{cite news |title=Boomerang review: Jeet and Rukmini Maitra present a riot of laughter |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/boomerang-review-jeet-and-rukmini-maitra-present-a-riot-of-laughter/e50d25e287201 |access-date=16 June 2024 |work=[[HT Media|OTTplay]] |date=10 June 2024}}{{rating|3|5}}</ref> The film was averagely rated 6.5/10 by Tanmoy Ghosh of ''BFR'', who praised its storyline, dialogues and the VFX. He also added "All through out the film there are comedy elements which are working favourably for the film. And you will never feel that those moments are forced. Punchlines which are usey to bring out this comical effect, are simply fantastic. We can easily divide this film into two halves - the first half is based on comedy genre but the second half is replete with emotion."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Tanmoy |date=2024-06-08 |title=''Boomerang'' Film Review |url=https://www.bengalifilmreviews.com/post/boomerang-film-review |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=Bengali Film Reviews |language=en}}{{rating|6.5|10}}</ref>

Agnivo Niyogi of ''[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]'' reviewed the film and noted "Science-fiction films are hard to come by in Bengali cinema, sci-fi comedies even more so. The one who has taken on the challenge to deliver one is Jeet, whose film has him switching gears and playing a scientist instead of an action hero. While he does well in a comedic role, it is Rukmini Maitra who shines in the double performance, setting Isha and Nisha apart through her body language, diction and mannerisms. Her chemistry with Jeet is easy on the eye too." He also mentioned the catchy lines separately used in the script for the characters played by Kharaj Mukherjee and Ambarish Bhattacharya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Niyogi |first=Agnivo |date=2024-06-12 |title=Boomerang: Jeet and Rukimini Maitra's sci-fi comedy brings on the laughs |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/boomerang-jeet-and-rukimini-maitras-sci-fi-comedy-brings-on-the-laughs/cid/2026381 |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |quote=Rajatava Dutta has one of the film’s funniest moments when he goes about showing photos of prospective suitors to Isha for her remarriage. Guess who they are? Prabir Chatterjee (photo of Abir Chatterjee), who runs a detective agency; Charambrata Chattopadhyay (photo of Parambrata Chattopadhyay), an eligible bachelor; and Mahadev Adhikari (Dev), a globe-trotter.}}</ref> Poorna Banerjee of ''[[Times of India]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "It is a wholesome, hilarious film with well placed comic timing, literary quips and rhyming lines that will keep the audience engaged throughout its length." She also praised the CGI, performance of the whole cast, specially Rukmini as a robot and also mentioned that it was refreshing to watch Jeet in a comedic role.<ref>{{cite news |title=Boomerang Movie Review : Jeet's new film is a well-designed laugh riot |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/boomerang/movie-review/110843372.cms |access-date=16 June 2024 |work=Times of India |date=9 June 2024}}{{rating|3.5|5}}</ref> Souvik Saha of ''Cine Kolkata'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Boomerang is a comedic sci-fi gem that offers a laughter-filled journey, anchored by stellar performances, witty dialogue, and engaging direction." He praised the performance of the cast, Jeet's charismatic acting, dialogues, comedy, direction and cinematography but criticized the VFX.<ref>{{cite news |title=Boomerang Bengali Movie Review : Throws a Hilarious Punch with Stellar Performances and Witty Humor! |url=https://cinekolkata.com/review/boomerang-movie-review-throws-a-hilarious-punch-with-stellar-performances-and-witty-humor/ |access-date=16 June 2024 |work=Cine Kolkata |date=8 June 2024}}{{rating|3.5|5}}</ref>

Deboleena Ghosh of ''[[Ei Samay]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "The film successfully engages the audience through its apt comedy, dialogues and funny scenarios." She praised Sourav in his role, the music of the film, Jeet's seamless performance, Rukmini's performance as the robot and the chemistry between them.<ref>{{cite news |title=বুমেরাং রিভিউ |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/film-review/boomerang-jeet-rukmini-maitra-bengali-movie-review/moviereview/110840391.cms |access-date=16 June 2024 |work=[[Ei Samay]] |date=9 June 2024}}{{rating|3.5|5}}</ref> Deborshi Bandyopadhyay of the ''[[Anandabazar Patrika]]'' reviewed the film on a mixed note and wrote "In this movie, Jeet transformed himself in a layman instead of a superstar. The parent's role throughout the movie is also very well written and emoted by the actors." He praised the performance of the whole cast and specially mentioned the banter between Jeet and Sourav. But he criticized the lack of emotion in the robotic character played by Rukmini.<ref>{{cite news |title=বুমেরাং: কল্পবিজ্ঞান ও মানবিক গল্পের মিশ্রণ, তবে মানবিকতায় খানিক ঘাটতি! |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/science-fiction-in-boomerang-starring-jeet-and-rukmini-maitra-dgtl/cid/1523027 |access-date=16 June 2024 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=10 June 2024}}{{rating|6.5|10}}</ref>

Subhasmita Kanji of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' rated the film 3.7 out of 5 stars and quoted "Without Jeet, ''Boomerang'' might not have had the same magnetism as it does but since the star is on screen, flicking his shades and throwing lighters in the air, it’s a whole different story. Besides, it's too difficult for Rukmini to play Nisha. The humour of the film drives it, whether it is political or dark somewhere."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanji |first=Subhasmita |date=2024-06-10 |title=যুক্তি-তক্কো বাদ, জ্বালাপোড়া গরমে ফুরফুরে বাতাস বয়ে আনল জিৎ-রুক্মিণীর বুমেরাং |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/boomerang-review-starring-jeet-rukmini-maitra-31717958275683.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619040339/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/boomerang-review-starring-jeet-rukmini-maitra-31717958275683.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 June 2024 |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=bn}}{{rating|3.7|5}}</ref> The film was given a rate of 4.5/5 stars by a reviewer of ''[[Aaj Tak]]'', who also stated that "''Boomerang'' is carefully written for the theatre audience who should ideally whistle or hoot during the key moments of the film or simply attempt to complete the punch dialogues during the calculated pauses to fully elevate its entertainment value. The play on which its core plot is based, is itself an innovative show of brilliance. Jeet is always the best in his [[method acting]], while his chemistry with Kharaj Mukherjee and Biswanath Basu in the comic sequences, is always top-notch since ''[[Awara (film)|Awara]]''."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-10 |title=Jeet's mindblowing entertainer: ''Boomerang'' movie review |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/tollywood-bengali-cinema/story/jeet-new-film-boomerang-first-look-futuristic-flying-superbike-bangla-sci-fi-comedy-film-sauvik-kundu-tollywood-superstar-jeet-rukmini-maitra-movie-news-soc-977580-2024-04-11 |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=[[Aaj Tak]] |language=bn}}{{rating|4.5|5}}</ref> ''Bangla Jago'' reviewed the film and quoted "An ambitious sci-fi comedy that plays to the gallery and lives up to the hype. Far-fetched in writing but high on star power and style. At its best with superlative performances, ''Boomerang'' thrilling and clap worthy moments, larger-than-life action sequences, and a never-before-seen avatar of Jeet. At the box office, it will emerge as a blockbuster of epic proportions, setting new records and rewriting existing ones and also will remain as one of the best works of Jeet."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-24 |title=Boomerang Review : টলিউডে "বুমেরাং" জিৎ রুক্মিণী, কতটা মন কাড়ল দর্শকদের? |url=https://banglajagotv.com/entertainment/in-tollywood-boomera-jeet-rukmini-how-much-did-the-audience/ |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=Bangla Jago |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:2024 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2024 science fiction films]]
[[Category:2024 science fiction action films]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language science fiction action films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language action comedy films]]
[[Category:Jeetz Filmworks films]]

Laxmi Kanta Mohapatra

2026-04-24T21:19:10Z

Pendu Mania: created first details initial version

{{short description|Former Chief Justice of Manipur High Court (2014 - 2016)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Laxmi Kanta Mohapatra
| office1 = [[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Manipur High Court|2nd Chief Justice]] of [[Manipur High Court]]
| term_start1 = 10 July 2014
| term_end1 = 9 June 2016 {{small|Acting CJ : 21 October 2013 - 9 July 2014}}
| appointer1 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| nominator1 = [[R. M. Lodha]]
| predecessor1 = [[Abhay Manohar Sapre]]
| successor1 = [[Rakesh Ranjan Prasad]]
| office2 = [[Judge]] of [[Allahabad High Court]]
| term_start2 = 17 October 2012
| term_end2 = 20 October 2013
| appointer2 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| nominator2 = [[S. H. Kapadia]]
| status3 = Acting Chief Justice
| term_start3 = 19 September 2013
| term_end3 = 20 October 2013
| appointer3 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| predecessor3 = [[Shiva Kirti Singh]]
| successor3 = {{ubl|[[D. Y. Chandrachud]]|Sheo Kumar Singh ''(acting)''}}
| office4 = [[Judge]] of [[Orissa High Court]]
| term_start4 = 16 September 1999
| term_end4 = 16 October 2012
| appointer4 = [[A. S. Anand]]
| nominator4 = [[K. R. Narayanan]]
| birth_place =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|6|10|df=y}}
| honorific_prefix = Hon'ble Chief Justice (Retd.)
| alma_mater = M S Law College, Cuttack
}}
'''Laxmi Kanta Mohapatra''' (born 10 June 1954) is a retired Indian judge, who has served as [[Chief Justice]] of [[Manipur High Court]]. He is a former [[judge]] of [[Allahabad High Court]] and [[Orissa High Court]].

==Career==
Justice Mohapatra was born in 1954. His father Late Lokanath Mohapatra retired as District Judge.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=National Informatics Centre (NIC, Orissa) |title=Former Judge {{!}} Orissa High Court, Cuttack |url=https://orissahighcourt.nic.in/judges/former-judge/hon-ble-mr-justice-l-mohapatra/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701205316/https://orissahighcourt.nic.in/judges/former-judge/hon-ble-mr-justice-l-mohapatra/ |archive-date=2022-07-01 |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=orissahighcourt.nic.in |language=en}}</ref> He passed Law from M S Law College of [[Cuttack]] in 1977. He enrolled as Advocate on 25 January 1978 and started practice on Civil, Criminal, Service and Labour matters in [[Orissa High Court]]. He served as the legal retainer for [[South Eastern Railway zone|South Eastern Railway]], [[Industrial Promotion & Investment Corporation of Odisha]], [[Odisha State Financial Corporation]], Stock Exchange and other organizations in the High Court.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Chief Justice |url=https://hcmimphal.nic.in/cjudges_old.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915212552/http://hcmimphal.nic.in/cjudges_old.html |archive-date=15 September 2018 |access-date=9 March 2019}}</ref>

He was elevated as judge of the Orissa High Court on 16 September 1999.<ref name=":0" /> He was transferred to [[Allahabad High Court]] on 17 October 2012<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/service/judgeDetail.jsp?id=190|title=HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD|website=allahabadhighcourt.in|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=9 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109082919/http://allahabadhighcourt.in/service/judgeDetail.jsp?id=190|url-status=live}}</ref> and took charge as the Acting Chief Justice of Allahabad High Court from 19 September to 20 October 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Justice-Mohapatra-to-be-acting-CJ/articleshow/22691520.cms|title=Justice Mohapatra to be acting CJ|date=18 September 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=7 June 2019}}</ref> He was transferred as Acting Chief Justice of Manipur High Court and took charge of the same n 21 October 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohapatra sworn-in acting CJ of Manipur HC : 22nd oct13 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=20..221013.oct13 |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref> Subsequently he was elevated in the post of the Chief Justice of [[Manipur High Court]] on 10 July 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://odishasuntimes.com/former-odisha-hc-judge-appointed-cj-manipur-hc/|title=Former Odisha HC judge sworn in as CJ of Manipur HC|access-date=9 March 2019}}{{dead link|date=August 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohapatra, Laxmi Kanta}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Judges of the Orissa High Court]]
[[Category:Judges of the Allahabad High Court]]
[[Category:Chief justices of Manipur High Court]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]

Küdecho Khamo

2026-04-20T14:55:39Z

Pendu Mania:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Family name hatnote|Khamo|lang=Chakhesang}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Küdecho Khamo
| image =
| caption =
| office =
| suboffice = CAWD & Taxes Advisor
| subterm = 07 March 2023 – Incumbent
| term_start =
| occupation = Politician & Entrepreneur
| other_party = [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|NDPP]]
| party = Naga People's Front
}}

'''Küdecho Khamo''' is an Indian politician and a Member of the [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]] from [[Chozuba Assembly constituency]] since 2023. He belongs to Phüsachodü village, Phek District, Nagaland.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2023-03-02 |title=NDPP's candidate Küdecho Khamo wins 18 Chozuba A/C seat |url=https://nagalandtribune.in/ndpps-candidate-kudecho-khamo-wins-18-chozuba-a-c-seat/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Nagaland Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LIVE Updates Kohima Town, Tseminyu, Pughoboto, Southern Angami I, Southern Angami II Nagaland Election Result 2023 |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/live-nagaland-election-result-2023-vote-counting-win-loss-updates-watch-live-streaming-nagaland-assembly-election-result-bjp-congress-election-news-updates-5922826/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref> He is the Chief Minister's Advisor on Civil Administration Works Division (CAWD) and Taxes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Land encroachment in Nagaland becoming a stumbling block for development: Khamo |url=https://www.morungexpress.com/land-encroachment-in-nagaland-becoming-a-stumbling-block-for-development-khamo |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=MorungExpress}}</ref> He is also the Nagaland [[Wushu (sport)|Wushu]] President.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Nagaland |date=2023-01-10 |title=39th Sport Meet & 2nd Edition Naga Wrestling C'ship Of SASA Concludes - Nagaland Page |url=https://nagalandpage.com/39th-sport-meet-2nd-edition-naga-wrestling-cship-of-sasa-concludes/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=nagalandpage.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khamo, Küdecho}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Naga people]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Phek district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party politicians]]

{{Nagaland-politician-stub}}

Bikram Keshari Arukha

2026-04-18T23:55:12Z

Pendu Mania: started basic details from scratch - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Bikram Keshari Arukha
| image =
| office = Cabinet Minister [[Government of Odisha]]
| term_start = 29 May 2019
| term_end = 11 June 2024
| governor =
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Naveen Patnaik]]
| 2blankname = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata = * Finance
* Parliamentary Affairs
* Forest & Environment and Climate Change
| office1 = Member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 9 March 1995
| term_end1 = 4 Jun 2024
| predecessor1 = [[Ramakrushna Gouda]]
| successor1 = [[Pradyumna Kumar Nayak]]
| constituency1 = [[Bhanjanagar Assembly constituency|Bhanjanagar]]
| office2 = [[List of speakers of the Odisha Legislative Assembly|Speaker of Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 13 June 2022
| term_end2 = 12 May 2023
| predecessor2 = [[Surjya Narayan Patro]]
| successor2 = [[Pramila Mallik]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1962|9|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bhanjanagar]], [[Odisha]], [[India]]
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| spouse =
| children =
| father =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| source =
}}

'''Bikram Keshari Arukha''' is an Indian politician and [[Member of Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Bhanjanagar Assembly constituency]] who served as Speaker of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] till 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BJD MLA Bikram Keshari Arukha elected Odisha assembly speaker |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/bjd-mla-bikram-keshari-arukha-elected-odisha-assembly-speaker/articleshow/92177842.cms |access-date=2024-08-03 |newspaper=The Times of India | first=Ashok | last=Pradhan | date=13 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bikram Keshari Arukha to succeed Surjya as Odisha speaker |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bhubaneswar/2022/jun/11/bikram-keshari-arukha-to-succeed-surjya-as-odisha-speaker-2464333.html |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=The New Indian Express|date=11 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-06-13 |title=BJD's Bikram Keshari Arukha elected speaker of Odisha assembly |url=https://theprint.in/india/bjds-bikram-keshari-arukha-elected-speaker-of-odisha-assembly/994739/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Senior BJD leader Bikram Arukha elected Odisha Assembly Speaker unopposed |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/senior-bjd-leader-bikram-arukha-elected-odisha-assembly-speaker-unopposed-1961777-2022-06-13 |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=India Today |date=13 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref> He is continuously six time [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Bhanjanagar Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-13 |title=Six-time MLA from Bhanjanagar Bikram Keshari Arukha elected new speaker of Odisha Assembly |url=https://orissadiary.com/six-time-mla-from-bhanjanagar-bikram-keshari-arukha-elected-new-speaker-of-odisha-assembly/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=Odisha Diary |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=6-Time BJD MLA Bikram Keshari Arukha Elected Speaker Of Odisha Assembly |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/6-time-bjd-mla-bikram-keshari-arukha-elected-speaker-of-odisha-assembly-3062548 |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=NDTV}}</ref> Bikram Keshari Arukha has publicly stated that if he loses the 2024 election, he will retire from active politics. This declaration has added a significant layer of seriousness and personal stakes to his political campaign."

== Personal life ==
He was born on 28 September 1962 in [[Ganjam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bikram Keshari Arukha |url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/bikram-keshari-arukha-14908.html |website=OneIndia}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arukha, Bikram Keshari}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 1995–2000]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 2000–2004]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:People from Ganjam district]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{Odisha-BJD-politician-stub}}

Cyclone Fengal

2026-04-17T07:19:38Z

Pendu Mania:

{{Short description|North Indian Ocean cyclone in 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox weather event
| name = Cyclonic Storm Fengal
| image = Fengal 2024-11-30 0000Z.jpg
| caption = Fengal at peak intensity nearing landfall in Southern India on November 30.
| formed = 25 November 2024
| post-tropical = 1 December 2024
| dissipated = 4 December 2024
}}
{{Infobox weather event/IMD
| winds = 45
| pressure = 996
| gusts = 55
}}
{{Infobox weather event/JTWC
| winds = 45
| pressure = 991
| gusts = 60
}}
{{Infobox weather event/Effects
| year = 2024
| damages = 55000000
| fatalities = 37 (20 in India, 17 in Sri Lanka)
| missing = 50
| injuries = 20
| affected = [[Southern India]], [[Sri Lanka]]
| ibtracs = 2024335N12082
}}
{{Infobox weather event/Footer
| season = [[2024 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
}}

'''Cyclonic Storm Fengal'''{{efn|The name ''Fengal'' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: فنجال, [[Help:IPA/Arabic|[fendʒaːl]]]) was contributed by [[Saudi Arabia]] and refers to a traditional finjan coffee cups in [[Arabic language|Arabic]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Modi |first=Diksha |date=November 27, 2024 |title=Cyclone Fengal: How the storm got its name and what it means |url=https://www.news18.com/india/cyclone-fengal-how-the-storm-got-its-name-and-what-it-means-9135688.html |access-date=November 28, 2024 |website=[[News 18]] |archive-date=January 5, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250105012940/https://www.news18.com/india/cyclone-fengal-how-the-storm-got-its-name-and-what-it-means-9135688.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2024 |title=Cyclone Fengal to intensify in Bay of Bengal, here's how 'Fengal' got its name |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/cyclone-fengal-to-intensify-in-bay-of-bengal-here-s-how-fengal-got-its-name-11732763061701.html |access-date=November 30, 2024 |website=[[Livemint]]}}</ref>}} was a deadly [[tropical cyclone]] that brought significant flooding and damage to [[Southern India]] and [[Sri Lanka]]. The fourth and final cyclonic storm of the [[2024 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]], Fengal originated from a [[tropical disturbance]] off the coast of [[Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]] on 14 November. It killed at least 37 people; 20 in India and 17 in Sri Lanka, along with 20 injuries. Economic losses reached $55 million.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bowen |first1=Steve |last2=Kerschner |first2=Brian |last3=Zheng Ng |first3=Jin |date=January 1, 2025 |title=Natural Catastrophe and Climate Report: 2025 |url=https://www.ajg.com/gallagherre/-/media/files/gallagher/gallagherre/news-and-insights/2025/natural-catastrophe-and-climate-report-2025.pdf |access-date=January 21, 2025 |website=ajg.com}}</ref>

== Meteorological history==
{{storm path|Fengal 2024 path.png|colors=new}}
On 14 November, the Australian [[Bureau of Meteorology]] noted the potential formation of a tropical low west of [[Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tropical cyclone 7 day forecast |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/7dayforecast/ |publisher=Bureau of Meteorology |access-date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241115221700/http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/7dayforecast/ |archive-date=15 November 2024 |date=2024-11-15}}</ref> The tropical low formed a few days later due to the occurrence of a [[westerly wind burst]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tropical cyclone 7 day forecast |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/7dayforecast/ |publisher=Bureau of Meteorology |access-date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241118124422/http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/7dayforecast/ |archive-date=18 November 2024 |date=2024-11-20}}</ref> As the low formed, it led to the formation of an [[invest (meteorology)|invest]] on 18 November, designated as '''96S''' by the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Centre|JTWC]]. It later formed a deadly [[Cyclone Robyn (2024)|twin cyclone]]. Another invest was formed on 21 November, designated as '''99B'''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=HOAREAU |first=PATRICK |title=MJO pulse forecast to help development of INVEST 99B and INVEST 965S within the next several days// 2406utc |url=https://www.meteo974.re/MJO-pulse-forecast-to-help-development-of-INVEST-99B-and-INVEST-965S-within-the-next-several-days-2406utc_a2703.html |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=Météo.Cyclones.World@PH }}</ref> This invest struggled to develop initially due to the presence of strong [[wind shear]] with convection spread all the way from the [[Malay Peninsula]] to [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{Cite JTWC|type=abio|designation=90S|url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2024-11-23-1830-abioweb.txt|date=2024-11-23|time=1830Z|reissued=1}}</ref> Subsequently, it organised itself into a low pressure area on 23 November.<ref name="tropical-weather-outlook">{{cite news|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_df857d_TROPICAL%20WEATHER%20OUTLOOK%20based%20on%200300%20UTC%20of%2023.11.2024..pdf|title=Low pressure area over East Equatorial Indian Ocean and adjoining Southeast Bay of Bengal|work=IMD}}</ref>

As it moved westward, the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD) began tracking the system for potential [[tropical cyclogenesis]].<ref name="tropical-weather-outlook"/> It strengthened into a [[Depression (weather)|depression]] on 25 November while it moved northwestwards towards [[Tamil Nadu]] and Sri Lanka coast.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2024 |title=IMD Status BOB |url=https://x.com/Indiametdept/status/1860932801098555641 |access-date=30 November 2024 |website=X}}</ref> On 26 November at 01:30 IST, JTWC issued it a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]] on the depression as it began to move northward, paralleling the [[Coromandel Coast|Coromandel coast]]. On the same day, in southwestern parts of Bay of Bengal, it intensified further into a deep depression, later moving into [[Sri Lanka]]. It continued moving parallel to the Coromandel coast and by 27 November, it was located 490 km south-southeast of [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_bb600a_SPECIAL%20TROPICAL%20WEATHER%20OUTLOOK%20based%20on%201800%20UTC%20of%2027.11.2024.pdf|title=Deep Depression over central parts of southwest Bay of Bengal |work=IMD}}</ref> The JTWC noted that the system showed highly disorganized but persistent areas of convection. It was in a marginal environment for [[tropical cyclogenesis]] with high vertical [[wind shear]] just northeast of Sri Lanka limiting further intensification.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213123248/http://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 February 2018|title=SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL WEATHER ADVISORY FOR THE INDIAN OCEAN|work=JTWC}}</ref> On 28 November, the system maintained its intensity and moved north-northwestwards at a speed of 9 km/h.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_7e47a7_SPECIAL%20TROPICAL%20WEATHER%20OUTLOOK%20based%20on%201800%20UTC%20of%2028.11.2024.pdf|title=Deep Depression over southwest Bay of Bengal |work=IMD}}</ref> By 14:30 IST on 29 November, the system became organized and strengthened into a cyclonic storm, given the name '''Fengal''' by the [[Indian Meteorological Department|IMD]]. At that time, it was 300 km southeast of Chennai and moved of 13 km/h.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_0fbe70_TROPICAL%20CYCLONE%20ADVISORY%20NO.%201%20based%20on%200900%20UTC%20of%2029.11.2024.pdf|title=DEEP DEPRESSION INTENSIFIED INTO CYCLNIC STORM "FENGAL" OVER SOUTHWEST BAY OF BENGAL|work=IMD}}</ref>

On the early morning of 30 November, Fengal reached its peak intensity with 3-minute sustained winds of 85 km/h.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mausam.imd.gov.in/Forecast/marquee_data/28.%20National%20Bulletin%20No%2028-30Nov2024_0530IST.pdf|title=Cyclonic Storm "FENGAL" [pronounced as FEINJAL] over Southwest Bay of Bengal (Cyclone Warning: Red Message for North Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and adjoining south Andhra Pradesh Coasts)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130053435/https://mausam.imd.gov.in/Forecast/marquee_data/28.%20National%20Bulletin%20No%2028-30Nov2024_0530IST.pdf|archive-date=30 November 2024|work=IMD}}</ref> The JTWC recorded a 1-minute sustained winds 95 km/h and a pressure of 987 hPa as it moves westward toward [[Southern India]] at the same time.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|type=abio|designation=90S|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/io0424web.txt|date=2024-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130033712/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/io0424web.txt|time=0000Z|archive-date=2024-11-30|reissued=1}}</ref> It made landfall near [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] and [[Marakkanam]] regions between [[Karaikal]] and [[Mamallapuram|Mababalipuram]] coasts on the evening of 30 November<ref name="nine">{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Prabhakar |date=30 November 2024 |title=Cyclone Fengal makes landfall, brings heavy rains and gusty winds to TN & Puducherry |url=https://www.news9live.com/india/cyclone-fengal-chennai-puducherry-rains-2763283 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130201230/https://www.news9live.com/india/this-is-our-moment-to-lead-innovate-and-break-the-status-quo-gautam-adani-2763237 |archive-date=30 November 2024 |access-date=30 November 2024}}</ref> and weakened slightly due to land interaction and wind shear.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 November 2024 |title=HOURLY UPDATE ON CYCLONIC STORM "FENGAL" BULLETIN NO. 03 |url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/47/47_d60586_Hourly%20Bulletin%20No.%203_30Nov-1930-IST.pdf |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130160748/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/47/47_d60586_Hourly%20Bulletin%20No.%203_30Nov-1930-IST.pdf |archive-date=30 November 2024 |access-date=30 November 2024 |work=[[India Meteorological Department]]}}</ref> The next day on 1 December, the system had weakened to a deep depression by 11:30 IST at a distance of 30 km north of [[Cuddalore]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mausam.imd.gov.in/Forecast/marquee_data/38.%20National%20Bulletin%20No%2038-01Dec2024_1130IST.pdf|title=Cyclonic Storm "FENGAL" [pronounced as FEINJAL] weakened into a Deep Depression over north coastal Tamil Nadu & Puducherry|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201153839/https://mausam.imd.gov.in/Forecast/marquee_data/38.%20National%20Bulletin%20No%2038-01Dec2024_1130IST.pdf|archive-date=1 December 2024|work=IMD}}</ref> The same day by 17:30 IST, the [[post-tropical cyclone|remnant of the cyclone]] weakened further into a depression over the same region.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mausam.imd.gov.in/imd_latest/contents/cyclone.php|title=DEEP DEPRESSION OVER NORTH COASTAL TAMIL NADU WEAKENED INTO A DEPRESSION.|url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201154028/https://mausam.imd.gov.in/imd_latest/contents/cyclone.php|archive-date=1 December 2024|work=IMD}}</ref> It weakened further into a remnant low over north interior [[Tamil Nadu]] on 2 December.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/1/1_89dcaa_41.%20National%20Bulletin%20No%2041-02Dec2024_0530IST.pdf|title=TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0600 UTC OF 02122024 BASED ON 0300 UTC OF 02122024|work=IMD}}</ref> The next day on 3 December, the system emerged over coastal [[Karnataka]], proceeded into the [[Arabian Sea]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mausam.imd.gov.in/imd_latest/contents/cyclone.php#.|title=TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0600 UTC OF 03122024 BASED ON 0300 UTC OF 03122024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203195313/https://mausam.imd.gov.in/imd_latest/contents/cyclone.php#.|archive-date=3 December 2024|work=IMD}}</ref> and dissipated on 4 December.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

== Preparation ==
As Fengal formed, the IMD issued a red alert for the states of [[Tamil Nadu]], southern [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Kerala]], and [[Karnataka]] as extremely heavy rainfall was expected.<ref name="mint">{{Cite news |date=27 November 2024 |title=Cyclone Fengal highlights: Landfall on November 30 afternoon, red alert in Southern states for heavy rain |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/cyclone-fengal-tracker-live-updates-cyclone-in-chennai-imd-forecast-today-puducherry-tamil-nadu-rains-weather-27-nov-11732694894470.html |work=mint}}</ref> As Fengal approached India, the [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] government closed all schools in its district until 30 November.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 November 2024 |title=Cyclone Fengal: Deep depression intensifies into cyclonic storm, landfall today |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyclone-fengal-deep-depression-intensifies-into-cyclonic-storm-landfall-tomorrow-101732895750101.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130003259/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyclone-fengal-deep-depression-intensifies-into-cyclonic-storm-landfall-tomorrow-101732895750101.html |archive-date=30 November 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Fishermen were advised to halt fishing and move their boats to higher ground in anticipation of Fengal's landfall over Puducherry.<ref name="mint"/> Chennai's [[Chennai International Airport|Meenambakkam Airport]] suspended operations until the morning of 1 December.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 December 2024 |title=Cyclone Fengal live: Storm to cross Tamil Nadu coast in one hour, IMD warns of winds up to 90km/h |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyclone-fengal-live-updates-tracker-landfall-today-november-30-red-alert-tamil-nadu-andhra-puducherry-schools-closed-101732925670316.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130193410/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyclone-fengal-live-updates-tracker-landfall-today-november-30-red-alert-tamil-nadu-andhra-puducherry-schools-closed-101732925670316.html |archive-date=30 November 2024 |access-date=30 November 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== Impact ==
===Sri Lanka===
As Fengal crossed Sri Lanka in depression stage, it caused significant damage. Nearly 480,000 people were displaced, 17 were killed and 20 were injured, with 103 homes destroyed and 2,635 others damaged.<ref>{{cite news|title=ආපදා මරණ 17ක් දක්වා ඉහළට|url=https://sinhala.adaderana.lk/news/203904|publisher=Ada Derana|language=si|date=30 November 2024|access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===India===
In [[Tiruvannamalai]], 10 people died; seven from a landslide,<ref>{{cite news|title=7 trapped in house after landslip found dead in Tiruvannamalai|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/7-trapped-in-house-after-landslip-found-dead/article68939762.ece1|date=2 December 2024|access-date=2 December 2024|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|language=en}}</ref> two from drowning and another due to electrocution.<ref>{{cite news|title=Three dead as cyclone Fengal triggers rains in Tiruvannamalai|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Dec/02/three-dead-as-cyclone-fengal-triggers-rains-in-tiruvannamalai|date=2 December 2024|access-date=2 December 2024|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> Heavy rains of up to {{cvt|130|mm|in|abbr=on}} also caused severe flooding in [[Chennai]], resulting in four deaths from electrocution.<ref>{{cite news|title=Four electrocuted in Chennai as cyclone Fengal makes landfall|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/four-electrocuted-in-chennai-as-cyclone-fengal-makes-landfall/articleshow/115855005.cms|date=1 December 2024|access-date=1 December 2024|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref> In [[Ooty]], heavy rains caused a house to collapse, killing a 45-year-old man.<ref>{{cite news|title=Man dies in house collapse in Ooty|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-rains-man-dies-in-house-collapse-in-ooty/article68937424.ece|date=2 December 2024|access-date=2 December 2024|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|language=en}}</ref> Additionally, four people were killed in [[Puducherry (union territory)|Pondicherry]] and another in [[Vellore]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Nine killed as Fengal drowns Puducherry, Villupuram|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Dec/02/nine-killed-as-fengal-drowns-puddcherry-villupuram|date=2 December 2024|access-date=2 December 2024|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> Flooding inundated around 800 acres of farmland in [[Nagapattinam]].<ref name="mint"/> The remnant of the cyclone brought torrential rainfall in various districts of [[Tamil Nadu]] and left a trail of floods. Uthangarai in [[Krishnagiri district]] recorded 50 cm of rain in 24 hours. Places such as Mailam (50 cm), Tindivanam (38 cm), Kedar (42 cm), Soorapattu (38 cm), Mundiyampakkam (32 cm), [[Viluppuram|Villupuram town]] (35 cm), Koliyanur (32 cm) and Marakkanam (24.04 cm) in [[Viluppuram district]], [[Harur]] (33 cm) in [[Dharmapuri district]], and Thirupalapandal (32 cm) and Madampoondi (31 cm) in [[Kallakurichi district]] were also affected.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/cyclone-fengals-remnant-expected-to-weaken-further-cause-heavy-rain-in-15-districts/article68938972.ece|title=Cyclone Fengal's remnant expected to weaken further, cause heavy rain in 15 districts in Tamil Nadu|work=TheHindu}}</ref> Preliminary damage of the cyclone was estimated to be [[Indian rupee|Rs]]150 crore (US$17.7 million).<ref>{{cite news|last=Kurian|first=Vinson|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/fengal-slows-down-on-home-stretch-economic-loss-estimated-at-rs-150-crore/article68931432.ece|title=Fengal slows down on home stretch, economic loss estimated at ₹150 crore|work=The Hindu Business Line|date=30 November 2024|access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones|India|Sri Lanka}}
* [[Tropical cyclones in 2024]]
* [[Weather of 2024]]
* [[Cyclone Thane]] - A strong tropical cyclone that struck the same region.
* [[Cyclone Nilam]] - A similarly strength tropical cyclone that brought flooding to the same region.
* [[Cyclone Robyn (2024)]] - The twin cyclone of Fengal, also a deadly cyclone that brought flooding to Indonesia and killed more than 40 people.
{{clear}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Portal bar|Tropical cyclones|India|Sri Lanka}}
{{2024 North Indian Ocean cyclone season buttons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fengal}}
[[Category:2024 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2024 disasters in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in 2024]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in India]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:2024 in India]]
[[Category:2024 in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:2024 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
[[Category:November 2024 in India]]
[[Category:November 2024 in Sri Lanka]]

Madan Cintury

2026-04-16T03:45:49Z

Pendu Mania: created some post needs work

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|Member]] of [[11th Sikkim Assembly|Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1 June 2024
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Salghari-Zoom Assembly constituency|Salghari-Zoom]]
| predecessor = [[Sunita Gajmer]]
| successor =
| term_start1 = 2009
| term_end1 = 2014
| constituency1 = [[Salghari-Zoom Assembly constituency|Salghari-Zoom]]
| predecessor1 = ''Constituency established''
| successor1 = [[Arjun Kumar Ghatani]]
| party = [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]
| other_party = [[Sikkim Democratic Front]]
}}

'''Madan Cintury''' is an Indian politician from [[Sikkim]] belonging from the [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]. He is a member of the Legislative Assembly in the [[11th Sikkim Assembly|11th Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]. He won with 5678 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-02 |title=Salghari-Zoom, Sikkim Assembly Election Results 2024 Live Updates: SKM's Madan Cintury wins Salghari-Zoom with 5678 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/salghari-zoom-sikkim-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2546704-2024-06-02 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-02 |title=Salghari-Zoom Assembly Election Result 2024: SKM's Madan Cintury wins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/salghari-zoom-assembly-election-results-2024-salghari-zoom-sikkim-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110636921.cms |access-date=2024-06-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cintury, Madan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sikkim MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Sikkim Krantikari Morcha politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Sikkim MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Sikkim Democratic Front politicians]]
[[Category:People from Soreng district]]

{{Sikkim-politician-stub}}

Dwarka, Gujarat Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:20:41Z

Pendu Mania: started first data w/ sources - done

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dwarka
| mla = [[Pabubha Manek|Pabubha Virambha Manek]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Devbhoomi Dwarka district|Devbhoomi Dwarka]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jamnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Jamnagar]]
| established = 1962
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:292843}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 82
}}

'''Dwarka''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in India.<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |format=PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Devbhoomi Dwarka district|Devbhoomi Dwarka]] district.

==List of segments==
The assembly seat represents the segments of <ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent|date=12 December 2006|website=Election Commission of India|publisher=Delimitation Commission of India|pages=2–31|format=PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead|accessdate=12 February 2017}}</ref> Kalyanpur Taluka and Okhamandal Taluka.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1962 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Haridas Jamnadas Kanani
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1967 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|K.G. Raichura
|-
|[[1972 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|rowspan=2| Markhi Jethabhai Goriya
|-
|[[1975 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1975]]
|-
|[[1980 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| Lilaben Gaurishankar Trivedi
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1985 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Jamnadas Gokaldas Pabari
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|1988^
|V.R. Nathabhai
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|rowspan=8|[[Pabubha Manek]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1995 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
|[[1998 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
|[[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|-
|[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<ref name=election2017/>
|-
|[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

*^ denotes by-election

==Election results==
=== 2022 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: Dwarka}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Pabubha Manek]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 74,018
|percentage = 41.08
|change = {{decrease}}6.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ahir Mulubhai Kandoriya
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 68,691
|percentage = 38.12
|change = {{decrease}}5.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Nakum Lakhmanbhai Boghabhai
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 28,381
|percentage = 15.75
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 2,919
|percentage = 1.62
|change = {{decrease}}0.45
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 5,327
|percentage = 2.96
|change = {{decrease}}0.74
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,80,201
|percentage = 61.54
|change = {{increase}}2.27
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

===2017===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: Dwarka<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Pabubha Manek]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 73,431
|percentage = 47.25
|change = {{increase}}0.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ahir Meraman Markhi
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 67,692
|percentage = 43.55
|change = {{increase}}0.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = None of the Above
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 3,213
|percentage = 2.07
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ranmalbhai Madam
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|votes = 2,829
|percentage = 1.82
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 5,739
|percentage = 3.7
|change = {{decrease}}0.08
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,55,418
|percentage = 59.27
|change = {{decrease}}6.96
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Dwarka]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Pabubha Manek]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 70,062
|percentage = 47.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Murubhai Kandoriya
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 64,446
|percentage = 43.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 5,616
|percentage = 3.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,48,381
|percentage = 66.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Devbhoomi Dwarka district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat}}
{{Authority control}}

{{coord|22.25|68.97|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Devbhoomi Dwarka district]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Gujarat]]

Bushahr (princely state)

2026-03-31T07:16:37Z

Pendu Mania: started a pg w/ sources

{{Short description|Princely state during British Raj}}
{{distinguish|Bushehr}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name = Bushahr State
|common_name = Bushahr
|nation = [[British India]]
|subdivision = [[Princely State]]
|era =
|year_start = 1412 A.D.
|date_start =
|event_start =
|year_end = 1948
|date_end =
|event_end = [[Independence of India]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag =
|image_coat =
|image_map = Punjab-Districts_1911.png
|image_map_caption = Bushahr in a map of Punjab, 1911
|stat_area1 = 8907
|stat_year1 = 1941
|stat_pop1 = 115,000
|demonym =
|capital = [[Rampur, Himachal Pradesh|Rampur Bushahr]] (Last)
|today =
}}
'''Bushahr''' was a Rajput [[princely state]] in India during the [[British Raj]]. It was located in the hilly western [[Himalaya]] promontory bordering [[Tibet]].

==History==
[[File:Bashar 1911.png|thumb|right|280px|Map of the Bushahr state, 1911]]
[[File:Eastern-Punjab-1863.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Bushahr and Tehri Garhwal shown in yellow in an 1863 map of Eastern Punjab]]

In 1898, Bushahr state was taken over by the British administration, although the ''Râja'' remained nominally in charge.<ref name="EB1911">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Bashahr|volume=3|page=464}}</ref> After British occupation, the Bushahr state was by far the largest of the 28 [[Simla Hills States]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} There was a tax revolt by Bushahr's peasants in 1906.<ref name="EB1911"/>

[[File:The Padam Palace - panoramio - Utpal Basu.jpg|thumb|Padam Palace]]

==Rulers==
Rulers bore the title of [[Rana (title)|Rana]] and then [[Raja]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html|title=Indian Princely States before 1947 A-J|website=www.worldstatesmen.org|access-date=2019-08-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rulers.org/indstat1.html|title=Indian states before 1947 A-J|website=rulers.org|access-date=2019-08-30}}</ref>

'''Ranas'''
**** : Kehri Singh
*1780 - 1799: Ram Singh
*1799 - 1803 : Ugar Singh
*1803 - 1815 : ''[[Nepal]]ese occupation''
'''Rajas'''
*1816 - 1850 : Mahendra Singh
*1850 - 1887 : Shamsher Singh
*1887 - 1898 : Raghunath Singh
*1898 - 1914 : Shamsher Singh (''return to power'')
*1914 - 1947 : Padam Singh
*1947 - 2021 : [[Virbhadra Singh]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-09|title=Virbhadra Singh: Congress stalwart, Himachal's Raja Sahib passes away at 87|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/virbhadra-singh-congress-stalwart-himachal-s-raja-sahib-passes-away-at-87-101625773886137.html|access-date=2021-07-10|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-09|title=Virbhadra Singh dies: Rampur Bushahr mourns the passing of 'Raja sahab'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rampur-bushahr-mourns-virbhadra-singh-death-7396375/|access-date=2021-07-10|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
*2021 - till date : [[Vikramaditya Singh (Himachal Pradesh politician)|Vikramaditya Singh]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bushashr Royalty: Vikramaditya Singh Crowned As 'Raja Sahib' In Private Ceremony|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-busheshr-royalty-vikramaditya-singh-crowned-as-raja-sahib-in-private-ceremony/387714|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-10|website=www.outlookindia.com|date=10 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710085811/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-busheshr-royalty-vikramaditya-singh-crowned-as-raja-sahib-in-private-ceremony/387714 |archive-date=10 July 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Vikramaditya's 'raj tilak' before Raja's cremation|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/vikramadityas-raj-tilak-before-rajas-cremation-281014|access-date=2021-07-10|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Simla Hills States]]
*[[Political integration of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.uq.net.au/%7Ezzhsoszy/ips/b/bashahr.html Genealogy of the rulers of Bashahr]

{{Coord|31|31|12|N|77|48|00|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}
{{Princely states of the Punjab and Simla Hills}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Shimla district]]
[[Category:Princely states of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1412]]
[[Category:1412 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:15th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:Himalayan kingdoms (Puranas)]]

Ekushey Padak

2026-03-26T13:41:58Z

Pendu Mania: adjusted formatting per sources and added references

{{short description|Second highest civilian award in Bangladesh}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Ekushey Padak
| image = Ekushey Padak.svg
| imagesize = 180px
| type = National Civilian
| country = Bangladesh
| established = 1976
| firstawarded = 1976
| lastawarded = 2026
| total_awarded =
| presenter = [[File:Government Seal of Bangladesh.svg|20px]] [[Government of Bangladesh]]
| description =
| previous =
| obverse =
| reverse =
| ribbon = [[File:Ekushey Padak Ribbon.svg|100px]]
| higher = [[Independence Award]]
| logher =
}}
'''Ekushey Padak'''{{efn|{{langx|bn|একুশে পদক|Ekuśe Pôdôk}}, {{IPA|bn|ˈekuˌʃe ˈpɔdok|pron}}; {{lit|Medal of the [[Language Martyrs' Day|Twenty-first]]}}}} is the second highest civilian award in [[Bangladesh]], introduced in memory of those killed by Pakistani authorities in the [[Bengali language movement]] of 1952.<ref name=Banglapedia>{{Cite Banglapedia|article=National Awards}}</ref> It is given in fields including culture, education, and economics. The Ministry of Cultural Affairs administers the award.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/post/104540 |title=Nomination proposals sought for Ekushey Padak-2018 |work=[[The Independent (Bangladesh)]] |location=[[Dhaka]] |date=17 July 2017 |access-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121190216/http://www.theindependentbd.com/post/104540 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The award consists of an 18-carat gold medal weighing 3 [[Tola (unit)|tolas]], a certificate of honour and a cash award.<ref name=Banglapedia/> The medal was designed by the artist [[Nitun Kundu]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Artist Nitun Kundu passes away |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/2006/09/16/d6091601044.htm |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]] |date=16 September 2006 |access-date=10 October 2006 |archive-date=2 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302015050/http://www.thedailystar.net/2006/09/16/d6091601044.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The amount of the cash reward was originally ৳ 25,000, but it was increased to ৳ 100,000 in 2015, to ৳ 200,000 in 2017 and to ৳ 400,000 as of November 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2019/11/21/national-awards-money-doubled-amount-for-independence-award-raised-to-tk-500000 |title=National awards money doubled, amount for Independence Award raised to Tk 500,000 |work=[[bdnews24.com]] |date=21 November 2019 |access-date=13 March 2022 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318095344/https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2019/11/21/national-awards-money-doubled-amount-for-independence-award-raised-to-tk-500000 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Cabinet ministries and prior winners submit nominees, and the National Committee on Citizenship and Cultural Affairs chooses finalists, of whom those approved by the prime minister receive the award.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moca.gov.bd/site/page/3cd3fd38-2866-46a4-931b-0593cf89239e/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE |script-title=bn:একুশে পদক প্রদান নীতিমালা |trans-title=Method of giving Ekushey Padak |website=[[Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Bangladesh)|Ministry of Culture]] |language=bn |access-date=27 February 2018 |archive-date=9 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209165117/http://www.moca.gov.bd/site/page/3cd3fd38-2866-46a4-931b-0593cf89239e/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE |url-status=live }}</ref>

The name ''Ekushey''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/the-relevance-of-ekushey-12249 |title=The relevance of ekushey |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]] |date=21 February 2014 |access-date=21 January 2018 |archive-date=1 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301163212/http://www.thedailystar.net/the-relevance-of-ekushey-12249 |url-status=live }}</ref> refers to 21 February 1952, commemorated as [[Language Movement Day]] and [[International Mother Language Day]], when students campaigning for official status of the Bengali language within [[Pakistan]] were killed by law enforcement.<ref>{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Ekushey February}}</ref>

==Fields==
The Ekushey Padak is awarded to Bangladeshi citizens and various organizations who have played an outstanding role and contribution to the development and progress of Bangladesh in ten fields: Bengali language movement, liberation war, education, literature, art, research, economics, journalism, science and technology, and social service.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web |url=https://nhd.gov.bd/content/একুশে_পদক_প্রদানের_সার্বিক_প্রক্রিয়া |title=The overall process of awarding Ekushey Padak |website= |date=4 June 2017 |publisher=[[Department of Information and Communication Technology]], Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301044541/https://nhd.gov.bd/content/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE |archive-date=1 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Ekushey Padak in Art===
Ekushey Padak in Art ({{langx|bn|শিল্পকলায় একুশে পদক}}) is given for music, [[charisma]],{{explain|in what sense, & by what criteria?|date=February 2026}} dance, drama and films of Bangladesh.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |script-title=bn:একুশে পদক পাচ্ছেন তোয়াব খান, মফিদুল হকসহ ১৬ জন |trans-title=Towb Khan, Mofidul Haq, 16 people including Ekushey Padak |url=https://web.dailyjanakantha.com/details/article/171749/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AC-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8/ |work=[[Janakantha]] |date=10 February 2016 |language=bn |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-date=2 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502162755/https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/details/article/171749/%e0%a6%8f%e0%a6%95%e0%a7%81%e0%a6%b6%e0%a7%87-%e0%a6%aa%e0%a6%a6%e0%a6%95-%e0%a6%aa%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%9a%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%9b%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%a8-%e0%a6%a4%e0%a7%8b%e0%a6%af%e0%a6%bc%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%ac-%e0%a6%96%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%a8-%e0%a6%ae%e0%a6%ab%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%a6%e0%a7%81%e0%a6%b2-%e0%a6%b9%e0%a6%95%e0%a6%b8%e0%a6%b9-%e0%a7%a7%e0%a7%ac-%e0%a6%9c%e0%a6%a8/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

It was first given in 1976.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news |script-title=bn:১৬ কৃতী ব্যক্তি পাচ্ছেন একুশে পদক |trans-title=16 creditable person getting Ekushey Padak |url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/print-edition/first-page/2016/02/11/101479.html |work=[[The Daily Ittefaq]] |date=11 February 2016 |language=bn |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-date=1 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164331/https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/print-edition/first-page/2016/02/11/101479.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite news |script-title=bn:একুশে পদকের মনোনয়ন আহ্বান |trans-title=Ekushey Padak Nomination Call |url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/national/2017/07/13/120284_print.html |work=[[The Daily Ittefaq]] |date=13 July 2017 |language=bn |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-date=1 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164453/https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/national/2017/07/13/120284_print.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto4">{{cite news |script-title=bn:একুশে পদক ঘোষণা |trans-title=Ekushey Padak Declaration |url=https://archive.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2013-02-07/news/327562 |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |date=7 February 2013 |language=bn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720195609/https://archive.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2013-02-07/news/327562 |archive-date=20 July 2018 |access-date=28 February 2018}}</ref>

===Ekushey Padak in Economy===
Ekushey Padak in Economy ({{langx|bn|অর্থনীতিতে একুশে পদক}})<ref name="auto" /> was first given in 2018.<ref name="auto5">{{cite web |url=https://www.moca.gov.bd/site/notices/80de6297-2f40-4198-ac4c-f96084b36b7c/একুশে-পদক-২০১৮-প্রদান |script-title=bn:একুশে পদক ২০১৮ প্রদান |website=[[Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Bangladesh)|Ministry of Culture]] |date=8 February 2018 |language=bn |access-date=12 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312191053/http://www.moca.gov.bd/site/notices/80de6297-2f40-4198-ac4c-f96084b36b7c/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95-%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8 |archive-date=12 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="auto6">{{cite news |script-title=bn:একুশে পদক পাচ্ছেন একুশ গুণী |trans-title=Twenty-one people receiving Ekushey Padak |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/article/1427161 |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |date=8 February 2018 |language=bn |access-date=12 March 2018 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918160827/https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/article/1427161 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto4"/>

===Ekushey Padak in Education===
Ekushey Padak in Education ({{langx|bn|শিক্ষায় একুশে পদক}})<ref name="auto"/> was first given in 1976.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto4"/>

===Ekushey Padak in Journalism===
Ekushey Padak in Journalism ({{langx|bn|সাংবাদিকতায় একুশে পদক}}) is given to recognize the unique contribution of journalism.<ref name="auto"/> In 1976, for the first time, Ekushey Padak was introduced in the beginning [[Tofazzal Hossain Manik Miah]], [[Abul Kalam Shamsuddin]] and [[Abdus Salam (editor)|Abdus Salam]]<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:সম্পাদক আব্দুস সালাম |trans-title=Editor Abdus Salam memorial |url=https://archive.ittefaq.com.bd/index.php?ref=MjBfMDJfMTNfMTRfMV80XzFfMTA4NTAz |work=[[The Daily Ittefaq]] |date=13 February 2014 |language=bn |access-date=9 March 2018 |archive-date=27 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627230842/https://archive.ittefaq.com.bd/index.php?ref=MjBfMDJfMTNfMTRfMV80XzFfMTA4NTAz |url-status=live }}</ref> Ekushey Padak in Journalism was given.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto4"/>

===Ekushey Padak in Language Movement===
Ekushey Padak in Language Movement ({{langx|bn|ভাষা আন্দোলনে একুশে পদক}}) is one of the main fields of the Ekushey Padak. It is a national given to recognize the contribution of [[Bangla Language Movement]] in 1952.<ref name="auto"/> In 2000 [[Abul Barkat|Language Martyr Barkat]], [[Abdul Jabbar|Language Martyr Jabbar]], [[Abdus Salam (activist)|Language Martyr Salam]], [[Rafiquddin Ahmad|Language Martyr Rafiq]], [[Shafiur Rahman|Language Martyr Shafiur]] and language soldier [[Gaziul Haque]] for the first time was given Ekushey Padak in the Language Movement.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto4"/>

===Ekushey Padak in War of Liberation===
Ekushey Padak in War of Liberation ({{langx|bn|মুক্তিযুদ্ধে একুশে পদক}}) is one of the main fields of the Ekushey Padak. It is a national given to recognize the contribution of 1971's [[Bangladesh Liberation War]].<ref name="auto"/> In 2013, [[Ministry of Social Welfare (Bangladesh)|Social Welfare Minister]] [[Enamul Haque Mostafa Shahid]] For the first time, Ekushey Padak was given in Liberation War.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto4"/>

===Ekushey Padak in Literature===
Ekushey Padak in Literature ({{langx|bn|সাহিত্যে একুশে পদক}}) is given to people belonging to literature in Bengali language to give recognition to their unique contribution.<ref name="auto"/> In 1976, for the first time, Ekushey Padak was introduced in the beginning [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]], [[Natyaguru]] [[Nurul Momen]], [[Jasimuddin|Jasim Uddin]], [[Abdul Quadir]] and [[Sufia Kamal]] Ekushey Padak in Literature was given.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto4"/>

===Ekushey Padak in Research===
Ekushey Padak in Research ({{langx|bn|গবেষণায় একুশে পদক}}) is given to recognize the unique contribution of Research of Bangladesh.<ref name="auto"/> In 2003, for the first time, Ekushey Padak was introduced in the beginning [[Abdul Mannan Syed]] Ekushey Padak in Research was given.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto4"/>

===Ekushey Padak in Science and Technology===
Ekushey Padak in Science and Technology ({{langx|bn|বিজ্ঞান ও প্রযুক্তিতে একুশে পদক}}) is given by the [[Government of Bangladesh]]. This award given to the recognize the unique contributions in science and technology by Bangladeshi citizens.<ref name="auto"/> In 2000, for the first time, Ekushey Padak was introduced, and first Bangladeshi to receive the award was [[Jamal Nazrul Islam]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moca.gov.bd/en/images/pdf/Ekushe%20Padak%20Prapto%20List%201976-%202014%20.pdf |title=Ekushey Padakaprita Goodbye and Institution |website=[[Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Bangladesh)|Ministry of Culture]] |id=p. 9 |access-date=10 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912045305/http://www.moca.gov.bd/en/images/pdf/Ekushe%20Padak%20Prapto%20List%201976-%202014%20.pdf |archive-date=12 September 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto4"/>

===Ekushey Padak in Social service===
Ekushey Padak in Social service ({{langx|bn|সমাজসেবায় একুশে পদক}}) is given by the [[Government of Bangladesh]]. This award is given to recognize the unique contribution of social service by Bangladeshi citizens.<ref name="auto" /> In 2000, for the first time, Ekushey Padak was introduced in the beginning [[Mohiuddin Ahmed (politician, born 1925)|Mohiuddin Ahmed]] Ekushey Padak in Social service was given.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto4"/>

==Awards by decade==
[[File:2026-02-26 Ekushey Padak 2026 award ceremony, photo session with recipients, Osmani Memorial Auditorium, Dhaka.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Winners of Ekushey Padak 2026]]

* [[List of Ekushey Padak award recipients (1976–79)]]
* [[List of Ekushey Padak award recipients (1980–89)]]
* [[List of Ekushey Padak award recipients (1990–99)]]
* [[List of Ekushey Padak award recipients (2000–09)]]
* [[List of Ekushey Padak award recipients (2010–19)]]
* [[List of Ekushey Padak award recipients (2020–29)]]
{{clear}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|www.moca.gov.bd}}
*{{cite web |url=https://moca.gov.bd/pages/static-pages/694032de35ce18e1c0563aa2 |script-title=bn:একুশে পদকপ্রাপ্ত সুধীবৃন্দ |access-date=26 March 2026 |publisher=Government of Bangladesh |language=bn |trans-title=Ekushey Padak recipients}}
* {{commons-inline}}

{{Ekushey Padak}}
{{Bengali honours and decorations}}
{{Language Movement}}

[[Category:Ekushey Padak]]
[[Category:Civil awards and decorations of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi media awards]]
[[Category:Bengali language movement]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1976]]
[[Category:1976 establishments in Bangladesh]]

Bihar cricket team

2026-03-21T09:51:15Z

Pendu Mania: fixed layout based on references

{{short description|Indian cricket team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| team_name = Bihar Cricket Team बिहार क्रिकेट टीम
| image = Logo Bihar Cricket Association.svg
| captain = [[Sakibul Gani]]
| coach = Vikash Kumar
| founded = 1936
| ground = [[Moin-ul-Haq Stadium]]
| capacity = 25,000
| ground2 = [[Rajgir International Cricket Stadium]] [[Urja Stadium]]
| capacity2 = 100
,000 5,000
| owner = [[Bihar Cricket Association]]
| first_fc = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| first_fc_year = 1936
| first_fc_venue = Rangers Ground, [[Calcutta]]
| title1 = [[Ranji Trophy]]
| title1wins = 0
| title2 = [[Vijay Hazare Trophy]]
| title2wins = 0
| title3 = [[Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]]
| title3wins = 0
| website = [https://biharcricketassociation.com/ BCA]
}}

The '''Bihar cricket team''' represents the state of [[Bihar]] in [[India]]n domestic [[cricket]] competitions. It is run by the [[Bihar Cricket Association]].

==History==
===1936 to 2004===
The team competed in the [[Ranji Trophy]] from 1936–37 until 2003–04. When the state of Bihar was divided into two states, [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]], most of the former state's cricket infrastructure was in [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]], so [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]] commenced playing in the Ranji Trophy. The state of Bihar was no longer represented.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/opinion/giridhar-jha/story/wc-brings-in-focus-poor-state-of-cricketing-affairs-in-bihar-132316-2011-04-17|title=It's definitely not cricket|website=India Today|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918071458/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/wc-brings-in-focus-poor-state-of-cricketing-affairs-in-bihar/1/135547.html|archive-date=18 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Balajee |first1=C. R. |title=14 years of cricket starvation for Bihar |url=https://www.saddahaq.com/14year-of-cricket-starvation-in-bihar |date=7 August 2015 |website=SaddaHaq |access-date=20 February 2019 |archive-date=20 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220181353/https://www.saddahaq.com/14year-of-cricket-starvation-in-bihar |url-status=dead }}</ref> Before this partition Bihar played 236 first-class matches, winning 78, losing 56 and drawing 102.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/0/40/match_lists.html Bihar's first-class record] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712165732/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/0/40/match_lists.html |date=12 July 2017 }}</ref>

Bihar's best performance in Ranji Trophy was in [[1975-76 Ranji Trophy]] season, when [[Daljit Singh (cricketer, born 1940s)|Daljit Singh]] led Bihar to Ranji Trophy finals.

===2018 onwards===
In April 2018, the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) reinstated Bihar, ahead of the [[2018–19 Ranji Trophy]] tournament.<ref name="85th">{{cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23216954/no-irani-cup-2018-19-domestic-season |title=No Irani Cup in 2018–19 domestic season? |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 April 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418032829/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23216954/no-irani-cup-2018-19-domestic-season |archive-date=18 April 2018 }}</ref><ref name="Bihar">{{cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/bcci-technical-committee-approves-bihars-participation-in-ranji-trophy-1720227.html |title=BCCI Technical Committee Approves Bihar's Participation in Ranji Trophy |publisher=News18 |access-date=17 April 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418032524/https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/bcci-technical-committee-approves-bihars-participation-in-ranji-trophy-1720227.html |archive-date=18 April 2018 }}</ref> On 19 September 2018, they won their opening fixture of the [[2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy]], beating [[Nagaland cricket team|Nagaland]] by 8 wickets.<ref>{{cite news|last=PTI|date=19 September 2018|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/vijay-hazare-trophy-bihar-make-winning-return-to-domestic-cricket/articleshow/65873882.cms |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy: Bihar make winning return to domestic cricket |work=Times of India |access-date=19 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156795.html |title=Plate, Vijay Hazare Trophy at Anand, Sep 19 2018 |access-date=19 September 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

On 8 October 2018, Bihar defeated [[Mizoram cricket team|Mizoram]] by 9 wickets to enter the Quarter-finals of [[2018-19 Vijay Hazare Trophy]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/104434/bihar-thrash-mizoram-to-make-vijay-hazare-qf|title=Bihar thrash Mizoram to make Vijay Hazare QF|access-date=8 October 2018|work=cricbuzz|date=8 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="espncricinfo1">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/24931220/jharkhand-haryana-services-tamil-nadu-jostle-last-two-quarter-final-spots |title=Jharkhand, Haryana, Services and Tamil Nadu jostle for last two quarter-final spots |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 October 2018}}</ref> Bihar won the Plate Group and progressed to the knock-out phase of the tournament.<ref name="espncricinfo1"/> However, they were beaten by nine wickets by [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]] in their quarter-final match to be knocked out of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8890/report/1158649/mumbai-vs-bihar-1st-quarter-final-vijay-hazare-trophy |title=Mumbai storm into Vijay Hazare semi-finals after routing Bihar for 69 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/104543/mumbai-crush-bihar-to-reach-vijay-hazare-sf|title=Mumbai crush Bihar to reach Vijay Hazare SF|date=14 October 2018|work=CricBuzz|access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref>

In November 2018, in their opening match of the [[2018–19 Ranji Trophy]], they lost to [[Uttarakhand cricket team|Uttarakhand]] by ten wickets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/104876/ranji-highlights-mumbai-up-assert-dominance |title=Ranji Highlights: Mumbai, UP assert dominance; Mudhasir picks four in four balls |date=3 November 2018 |work=Cricbuzz |access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ranji-trophy-sikkim-record-innings-victory-over-manipur-5432889/ |title=Ranji Trophy: Sikkim record innings victory over Manipur |work=The Indian Express |access-date=3 November 2018|date=3 November 2018 }}</ref> They finished the 2018–19 tournament second in the table, with six wins from their eight matches.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/table/series/8050/ranji-trophy |title=Ranji Trophy Table – 2018–19 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref>

In March 2019, Bihar finished sixth in [[2018–19 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy Group B|Group B]] of the [[2018–19 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]], with one win from their six matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/table/series/8661/season/2019/india-dom-t20 |title=Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy 2019: Points Table |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 March 2019}}</ref> [[Keshav Kumar]] was the leading run-scorer for the team in the tournament, with 145 runs, and [[Ashutosh Aman]] was the leading wicket-taker, with seven dismissals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12593;team=1636;type=tournament |title=Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, 2018/19 – Bihar: Batting and bowling averages |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 March 2019}}</ref>

On 29 January 2023, Bihar defeated [[Manipur cricket team|Manipur]] by 220 runs to win the Plate Group Final of [[2022-23 Ranji Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/125332/dominant-bihar-prevail-in-ranji-plate-group-final|title=Dominant Bihar prevail in ranji plate group final|access-date=29 January 2023|work=cricbuzz|date=29 January 2023}}</ref>

==Honours==
* '''[[Ranji Trophy]]'''
** '''Runners-up:''' [[1975–76 Ranji Trophy|1975–76]]

==Home grounds==

{| class ="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! City !! [[States of India|State]] !! |First used !! |Last used !! Notes
|-
|[[Moin-ul-Haq Stadium]] || [[Patna]] || [[Bihar]] || 1970 || 2023 || BCA Home Ground, Hosted three ODIs
|-
|[[Rajgir International Cricket Stadium]] || [[Nalanda]] || [[Bihar]] || Under Construction || - || Upcoming Cricket Stadium
|-
| [[Urja Stadium]] || [[Patna]] || [[Bihar]] || 2017 || 2021 ||Owned by Bihar power department
|}

==Current squad==

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
!align=center| Name
!align=center| Birth date
!align=center| Batting style
!align=center| Bowling style
!align=center| Notes
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batsmen
|-
| [[Mangal Mahrour]] || {{birth date and age|1992|4|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium ||
|-
| [[Vaibhav Sooryavanshi]] || {{birth date and age|2011|3|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Slow left arm orthodox || Plays for '''[[Rajasthan Royals]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| [[Piyush Singh]] || {{birth date and age|2001|5|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm offbreak ||
|-
| [[Kumar Rajnish]] || {{birth date and age|1993|12|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm offbreak ||
|-
| Arnav Kishor || {{birth date and age|2002|10|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm offbreak ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;" | All-Rounders
|-
| [[Sakibul Gani]] || {{birth date and age|1999|9|2|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || '''Captain'''
|-
| Akash Raj || {{birth date and age|2002|10|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium ||
|-
| [[Raghuvendra Pratap Singh|Raghuvendra Pratap]] || {{birth date and age|2003|8|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast ||
|-
| Khalid Alam || {{birth date and age|1999|11|26|df=y}} || Right-handed || Slow left arm orthodox ||
|-
| [[Sachin Kumar Singh]] || {{birth date and age|1997|12|25|df=y}} || Left-handed || Slow left arm orthodox ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;" | Wicket-keepers
|-
| Bipin Saurabh || {{birth date and age|1999|11|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || ||
|-
| Ayush Loharuka || {{birth date and age|2003|6|26|df=y}} || Right-handed || ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Spin Bowlers
|-
| [[Suraj Kashyap]] || {{birth date and age|2003|8|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm offbreak ||
|-
| Himanshu Singh || {{birth date and age|1997|9|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm legbreak ||
|-
| Himanshu Tiwari || {{birth date and age|2003|1|22|df=y}}|| Right-handed || Slow left arm orthodox ||
|-
| Shubham Roy || {{birth date and age|1998|10|21|df=y}}|| Right-handed || Slow left arm orthodox ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Pace Bowlers
|-
| [[Amod Yadav]] || {{birth date and age|2001|12|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium ||
|-
| Sakib Hussain || {{birth date and age|2004|12|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm fast || Plays for '''[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| [[Shabbir Khan]] || {{birth date and age|1997|3|31|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium ||
|-
| Shabir Khan || {{birth date and age|1998|12|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium ||
|-
| Mohammed Izhar || {{birth date and age|2004|1|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm medium || Plays for '''[[Mumbai Indians]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| Badal Kanauji || {{birth date and age|2006|8|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm medium ||
|}

''Updated as on 26 January 2026''

==Support staff==
#Team Manager: Ajay Tiwari
#Head Coach: Pawan Kumar<ref>{{cite web |url=https://biharcricketassociation.com/notification.php?value=397 |title=Team Bihar's players list along with the support staff to participate in BCCI's Domestic Tournament – SMAT-T20 for Season 2022–2023. |work=Bihar Cricket Association |access-date=4 October 2022 |archive-date=27 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027173725/https://biharcricketassociation.com/notification.php?value=397 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
#Assistant Coach: Sanjay Kumar
#Team Physio: Dr. Abhishek
#Team Trainer: Akhilesh Shukla

==Players==
{{Main|List of Bihar cricketers}}
{{div col}}{{div col end}}
*[[Abhijeet Saket]]
*[[Bimal Bose]]
*[[Daljit Singh (cricketer, born 1940s)|Daljit Singh]]
*[[M.S. Dhoni]]
*[[Pawan Kumar (cricketer, born 1969)|Pawan Kumar]]
*[[Raghuvendra Pratap Singh (cricketer)|Raghuvendra Pratap Singh]]
*[[Rajiv Kumar (cricketer)|Rajiv Kumar]]
*[[Ramesh Saxena]]
*[[Randhir Singh (cricketer)|Randhir Singh]]
*[[Sakibul Gani]]
*[[Sakib Hussain]]
*[[Shute Banerjee]]
*[[Sujit Mukherjee]]
*[[Syed Saba Karim]]
*[[Tariq-ur-Rehman]]
*[[Tarun Kumar (cricketer)|Tarun Kumar]]
*[[Veer Pratap Singh]]
*[[V. Venkatram]]
*[[Zeeshan Ali]]

==See also==
*[[Bihar Women's cricket team]]
*[[Bihar Cricket Association]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/0/40/match_lists.html Lists of matches played by Bihar]

{{Ranji Trophy}}

[[Category:First-class cricket teams in India|Bihar]]
[[Category:Cricket in Bihar]]
[[Category:1936 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Cricket clubs established in 1936]]

Almora

2026-03-16T06:34:11Z

Pendu Mania:

{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Almora
| other_name =
| nicknames = Cultural Capital of Kumaon, Heart of Kumaon
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Almora Uttarakhand India 2013.jpg
| image_alt = Almora City
| image_caption = View of Almora in 2013
| pushpin_map = India Uttarakhand#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttarakhand, India
| pushpin_relief = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|29.5971|N|79.6591|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttarakhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Divisions of Uttarakhand|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Almora district|Almora]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1568
| founder = Balo Kalyan Chand
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = [[Almora Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Ajay Verma
| leader_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| leader_title2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]]
| leader_name2 = [[Ajay Tamta]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| leader_title3 = [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| leader_name3 = [[Manoj Tiwari (Uttarakhand politician)|Manoj Tiwari]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
| leader_title4 = [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader_name4 = Seema Vishwakarma, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 16.60
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1642
| population_total = 35513
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Almoran (English)
Almoradi(Kumaoni)
| population_footnotes = <ref name=dchb />
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]] [[Sanskrit Language|Sanskrit]]
| demographics1_title2 = Native
| demographics1_info2 = [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 263601<ref name="pincode">{{cite web |url=https://pin-code.net/in-loc/almora-pin-code/194543/ |title=Almora Pin Code |publisher=pin-code.net |access-date=2 November 2020 |archive-date=2 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102173941/https://pin-code.net/in-loc/almora-pin-code/194543/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-5962
| registration_plate =[[List of RTO districts in India#UK.E2.80.94Uttarakhand|UK]]-01
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1142 [[female|♂]]/[[male|♀]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Alpine (BSh) and Humid subtropical(Cwb)]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| blank2_name_sec2 = Avg. annual temperature
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|-3|to|28|°C|°F}}
| blank3_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|12|to|28|°C|°F}}
| blank4_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank4_info_sec2 = {{convert|-3|to|15|°C|°F}}
| website = {{URL|almora.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Almora''' ([[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]]: ''{{translit|kfy|Almāḍ }}'') is a [[municipal corporation]] and a [[cantonment]] town in the state of [[Uttarakhand]], India. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Almora district]].<ref name=Madan>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page=[https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/174 174]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> Almora is located on a ridge at the southern edge of the [[Kumaon Hills]] of the [[Himalaya range]]. The [[Kosi River|Koshi]] (Kaushiki) and Suyal (Salmale) rivers flow along the city and snow-capped Himalayas can be seen in the background.

Almora was founded in 1568.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Trivedi |first1=Vijaya R. |title=Autonomy of Uttarakhand |publisher=Mohit Publications |year=1995 |isbn=9788174450081 |page=33 |language=en}}</ref> by King [[Chand kings#List of Chand Kings|Kalyan Chand]];<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Man Mohan |title=Through the valley of gods: travels in the central Himalayas |publisher=Vision Books |page=99 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bhattacherje |first1=S. B. |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates |date=May 2009 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=9788120740747 |page=55 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Tyagi |first1=Nutan |url=https://archive.org/details/hillresortsofuph0000tyag |title=Hill Resorts of U.P. Himalaya,: A Geographical Study |publisher=Indus Publishing |year=1991 |isbn=9788185182629 |page=[https://archive.org/details/hillresortsofuph0000tyag/page/76 76] |language=en |url-access=registration}}</ref> however, there are accounts of human settlements in the hills and surrounding region in the Hindu epic [[Mahabharata]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Debroy |first1=Bibek |title=The Mahabharata: Volume 3 |date=July 2012 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=9780143100157 |page=20 |language=en}}</ref> (8th and 9th century BCE<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brockington |first1=J. L. |title=The Sanskrit Epics |date=1998 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9004102604 |page=26 |language=en}}</ref>). Almora was the seat of [[Chand kings]] that ruled over the [[Kumaon Kingdom]]. It is considered the cultural heart of the [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] region of Uttarakhand.

According to the provisional results of the [[2011 Census of India]], Almora had a population of about 179,000.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} Nestled within higher peaks of the Himalaya, Almora enjoys a year-round mild temperate climate. There are 11 blocks in Almora district.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

==Etymology==
Almora got its name from Bhilmora, a kind of [[sorrel]] (although some have tried to derive it from Berberis "kilmora"<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kohli|first1=M. S.|title=Mountains of India: Tourism, Adventure and Pilgrimage|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173871351|language=en|page=146|year=2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Shah|first1=Giriraj|title=Abode of gods: Uttarakhand|publisher=Cosmo Publications|language=en|page=113}}</ref>), a short plant commonly found there<ref>{{cite web|title=Almora District|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/uttaranchal/districts/almora.htm|website=www.mapsofindia.com|access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref> which was used for washing the utensils of the sun temple at [[Katarmal]]. The people bringing the Bhilmora/kilmora were called Bhilmori/Kilmori and later "Almori" and the place came to be known as "Almora".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Vathsala|first1=V P|title=On the hills of Almora|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/572222/on-hills-almora.html|access-date=31 August 2016|work=Deccan Herald|date=25 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Himalayan Region, Almora - BHOR|url=http://bhor.org/himalayan-region-almora/|access-date=2 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811135049/http://bhor.org/himalayan-region-almora/|archive-date=11 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

When king Bhishm Chand laid the foundation of the town, he had initially named it Alamnagar. Prior to that, Almora was known as 'Rajapur' during the early phase of Chand rule.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Riddick|first1=John F.|title=The History of British India: A Chronology|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313322808|language=en|year=2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Agarwal|first1=Rohit|title=Top 8 Places To Visit In Almora|url=http://www.transindiatravels.com/uttarakhand/almora/tourist-places-visit-in-almora/|access-date=1 September 2016}}</ref><ref name=about>{{cite web|last1=Dehradun|first1=NIC, Uttarakhand State Unit|title=About us: District of Almora, Uttarakhand, India|url=http://almora.nic.in/pages/display/59-about-us|website=almora.nic.in|access-date=1 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903023333/http://almora.nic.in/pages/display/59-about-us|archive-date=3 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The name 'Rajpur' is also mentioned over a number of ancient copper plates.<ref name=about /> There is still a place called Rajpur in Almora.

==History==
Almora was founded in 1568<ref>{{cite web|title= Almora History - kmvn Resources and Information.|url= http://www.kmvn.org/aboutkumaontouristsspots.aspx#almora|website= www.kmvn.org|access-date= 31 August 2016|archive-date= 14 October 2008|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081014123309/http://www.kmvn.org/aboutkumaontouristsspots.aspx#almora|url-status= dead}}</ref> by Kalyan Chand during the rule of the [[Chand dynasty]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Almora Travel and Tourism Guide|url=http://travel.india.com/almora/|website=Travel India|access-date=1 September 2016}}</ref> Prior to that the region was under the control of [[Katyuri kings|Katyuri king]] Bhaichaldeo who donated a part of Almora to Sri Chand Tiwari.

[[File:Ancient Cave Paintings at Lakhudiyar, Almora District, Uttarakhand India - 1.jpeg|left|thumb|Ancient Paintings at [[Lakhudiyar Caves]]]]
According to local tradition, the earliest inhabitants in Almora were Tewaris who were required to supply [[Sorrel]] daily for cleansing the vessels of the sun temple at Katarmal.<ref name="dchb">{{cite book|title=District Census Handbook|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Uttarakhand|location=Dehradun|page=8|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0509_PART_B_DCHB_ALMORA.pdf|access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref>{{rp|8}} Ancient lore mentioned in [[Vishnu Purana]] and [[Mahabharata]] present primordial accounts of human settlements in the city.<ref name="dchb" />{{rp|8}} The [[Sakas]], the [[Nagas (ancient people)|Nagas]], the [[Kiratas]], the [[Khasas]] and the [[Hunas]] are credited to be the most ancient tribes.<ref name="dchb" />{{rp|8}} The [[Kauravas]] and [[Pandavas]] of the Hastinapur royal family were the next important princes from the plains who are said to have affected the conquest of these parts.<ref name = past>{{cite book|last1=Aggarwal|first1=J. C.|last2=Agrawal|first2=S. P.|title=Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=9788170225720|language=en|year=1995}}</ref>{{rp|166}} After the [[Mahabharata war]] the district seems to have remained for some time under the sway of the kings of [[Hastinapur]] whose authority was never more than nominal.<ref name = past />{{rp|166}} The actual rulers were the local chiefs of whom the Kulindas (or Kunindas) were probably strong in the southern and western part of the city.<ref name="dchb" />{{rp|8}} The [[Khasas]] were another ancient people who belonged to an early [[Aryan]] stock and were widely scattered in those times.<ref name = past />{{rp|167}} They gave this region the name Khasadesha or Khasamandala.<ref name="dchb" />{{rp|8}}<ref name = past />{{rp|167}}

[[File:Malla Mahal, Almora.jpg|thumb|The Malla Mahal at Almora fort complex - the residence of the [[Chand kings]]]]
The next age was probably a period of many petty states rivalling each other for supremacy, which culminated in the inauguration of the noted and enduring dynasty of the Chands. Earlier than this, the [[Katyuri kings|Katyuris]] are recorded as the dominant clans in copper and stone engravings.<ref>{{cite book|title=Census of India, 1981: Uttar Pradesh. Series 22|publisher=Controller of Publications|page=1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V6ZHAAAAYAAJ|access-date=4 September 2016|language=en|year=1982}}</ref> The Chand dynasty from their inception in 953 A.D. to their ouster in the late 18th century present a saga of strife, with a horrifying series of wars with the rulers of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] culminating in the destruction of this prosperous land and establishment of inglorious Gurkha rule. This dynasty was peculiar in that it made Almora the seat of strongest hill power in 1563 A.D.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saraswati|first1=Baidyanath|title=The Cultural Dimension of Ecology|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts|isbn=9788124601020|language=en|date=January 1998}}</ref> From that time onwards, the limits of the kingdom of Kumaon extended over the entire tracts of the districts of Almora and [[Nainital]]. Towards the end of the 17th century, the Chand Rajas again attacked the Garhwal kingdom, and in 1688, King Udyot Chand erected several temples at Almora, including Tripur Sundari, Udyot Chandeshwer and Parbateshwer, to mark his victory over Garhwal and Doti. The Parbateshwar temple was renamed twice, eventually becoming the present Nanda Devi temple.

[[File:Almora Bazaar. c1860.jpg|thumb|left|Almora Bazaar, c. 1860]]
In 1791, the Gorkhas of Nepal while expanding their kingdom westwards across the Kali River, invaded and overran Almora.<ref name="dchb" />{{rp|8}}<ref name="hamilton">{{cite book|last1=Hamilton|first1=Francis|last2=Buchanan|first2=Francis Hamilton|title=An Account of the Kingdom of Nepal: And of the Territories Annexed to this Dominion by the House of Gorkha|publisher=A. Constable|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7bYRAAAAYAAJ&q=The+name+Rajapur+is+also+mentioned+over+a+number+of+ancient+copper+plates|access-date=2 September 2016|language=en|year=1819}}</ref> In the meantime, the British were engaged in preventing the Gorkhas from over-running the whole of the northern frontier.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lamb|first1=Alastair|title=British India and Tibet, 1766-1910|date=1986|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|location=London|isbn=0710208723|edition=2nd, rev.}}</ref> The Gorkha rule lasted for twenty-four years. Due to their repeated intrusion into British territories in the Terai from 1800 onwards, [[Lord Moira]], the Governor-General of India, decided to attack Almora in December 1814,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cross|first1=John Pemble; foreword by J.P.|title=Britain's Gurkha War : the invasion of Nepal, 1814-16|date=2008|publisher=Frontline|location=London|isbn=978-1-84832-520-3|edition=[Rev. ed.]}}</ref> marking the beginning of the [[Anglo-Gorkha war]]. The war that broke out in 1814<ref>{{cite book|last1=Naravane|first1=M.S.|title=Battles of the honourable East India Company : making of the Raj|date=2006|publisher=A. P. H. Pub. Corp.|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-313-0034-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Gould|first1=Tony|title=Imperial warriors : Britain and the Gurkhas|date=2000|publisher=Granta Books|location=London|isbn=1-86207-365-1}}</ref> resulted in the defeat of the Gorkhas and subsequently led to the signing of the [[Treaty of Sugauli]] in 1816.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=Robert Montgomery|title=The History of the Indian Empire|publisher=Mayur Publications|language=en}}</ref>{{rp|594}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Summary of the operations in India: with their results : from 30 April 1814 to 31 Jan. 1823|date=1824|publisher=Marquis of Hastings}}</ref> According to the treaty, Nepal had to cede all those territories which the Gorkhas had annexed to the [[British East India Company]]. After the war, the old Lal Mandi fort, near Almora was renamed ‘Fort Moira’.

Unlike neighbouring hill stations such as [[Nainital]] and [[Shimla]], which were developed by the [[British East India Company|British]],<ref>{{Harv|Barron|1844}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Murphy|first1=C. W.|title=A guide to Naini Tal and Kumaun, etc|date=1906|location=Allahbad, United Provinces}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=Vipin Pubby | title=Shimla Then and Now | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UrZ-ibfhMyMC&pg=PA17 | access-date=16 August 2013 | year=1996 | publisher=Indus Publishing | isbn=978-81-7387-046-0}}</ref> Almora was developed long before by the Chand kings.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dowling|first1=Julie|title=Indian Hill Stations: Shimla, Mussoorie and Almora|date=16 March 2015 |publisher=Blurb, Incorporated|isbn=9781320872096|language=en}}</ref> The place where the present cantonment is located was formerly known as Lalmandi.<ref name=about /><ref>{{cite book|title=Geographical Review of India|publisher=Geographical Society of India|page=250|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uME5AAAAIAAJ|access-date=4 September 2016|language=en|year=1980}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Yatra India - Almora|url=http://www.jagranyatra.com/2010/04/uttarakhand-kumayun-hill-station-eco-tourism/|access-date=1 September 2016|work=www.jagranyatra.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917222324/http://www.jagranyatra.com/2010/04/uttarakhand-kumayun-hill-station-eco-tourism/|archive-date=17 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Presently where the collectorate exists, the 'Malla Mahal' (Upper Court) of the Chand kings was located.<ref name=about /><ref>{{cite web|title=Almora district, Uttarakhand|url=http://www.exammaterial.com/almora-districtuttarakhand/|access-date=1 September 2016|date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210180259/http://www.exammaterial.com/almora-districtuttarakhand/|archive-date=10 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The site of the present District Hospital used to be 'Talla Mahal' (Lower Court) of the Chand rulers.<ref name=about /><ref name="kumar">{{cite book|last1=Kumar|first1=Kireet|last2=Rawat|first2=D. S.|title=Water Management in Himalayan Ecosystem: A Study of Natural Springs of Almora|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173870477|language=en|year=1996}}</ref> Almora had a population of 8,596 in 1901,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pradesh|first1=India Director of Census Operations, Uttar|title=District Census Handbook: Almora|date=1971|language=en}}</ref> falling to 8,359 in 1921.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |year=1930 |title=Almora |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |edition=14|volume=1|page=673 |language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
===Location===
[[File:Kosi River valley near Almora, Uttarakhand, India.jpg|thumb|Kosi River valley near Almora, Uttarakhand, India]]
Almora is located at {{Coord|29.5971|N|79.6591|E|}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Almora, India|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/39/Almora.html|website=www.fallingrain.com|access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref> in [[Almora district]] in [[Uttarakhand]]. It is situated 365 km north-east the [[India|national]] capital [[New Delhi]] and 415 km south-east of the state capital [[Dehradun]]. It lies in the revenue Division [[Kumaon Division|Kumaon]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Kumaon Himalaya|publisher=Shree Almora Book Depot|isbn=9788190020992|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pWs-AgAACAAJ&q=almora|language=en}}</ref> and is located 63 km north of [[Nainital]], the administrative headquarters of Kumaon.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kumaon Information|url=http://indiaguide.trailofview.com/trail/Traveling_in_Kumaon|access-date=1 September 2016}}{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It has an average elevation of {{convert|1,604|m|abbr=on}} above mean sea level.

Almora is situated on a ridge at the southern edge of the Kumaon Hills<ref name=about /> of the Central Himalaya range in the shape of a horse saddle shaped hillock. The eastern portion of the ridge is known as Talifat<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uttarakhandtourism.net/almora.htm|title=Talifat Almora|website=A1 Tour and travels|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430122431/http://www.uttarakhandtourism.net/almora.htm|archive-date=30 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the western one is known as Selifat.<ref name=about /> The Almora Market is situated at the top of the ridge, where the two jointly terminate.<ref name=about /> It is surrounded by thick forests of pine, deodar and fir trees. Flowing alongside the city are the [[Kosi River|Koshi]] (Kaushiki) and Suyal (Salmale) rivers. The snow-capped Himalayas can be seen in the background.

===Climate===
[[File:Almora after rain sunlight.jpg|thumb|left|View of Almora after rains]]
The climate of Almora is characterised by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The main seasons are summer from March to June, the [[monsoon]] season from July to October, and winter from November to February. In summer, Almora is largely under the influence of moist, maritime airflow from the western side of the subtropical anticyclonic cells over low-latitude ocean waters. Temperatures are high and can lead to warm, oppressive nights. Summers are usually somewhat wetter than winters, with much of the rainfall coming from convectional thunderstorm activity; tropical cyclones also enhance warm-season rainfall in some regions. The coldest month is usually quite mild, although frosts are not uncommon, and winter precipitation is derived primarily from frontal cyclones along the polar front. The [[Köppen climate classification]] subtype for this climate is ''Cwa'' (Humid Subtropical Climate).<ref>{{cite web|title=Climate: Almora - Temperature, Climate graph, Climate table - Climate-Data.org|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/24758/|website=en.climate-data.org|access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref>

The average temperature for the year in Almora is {{convert|23.5|°C|°F|disp=or}}.<ref name="clim">{{cite web|title=Almora, India Köppen Climate Classification|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=596054&cityname=Almora%2C+Uttarakhand%2C+India&units=|website=Weatherbase|access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref> This information is as per the Abaal Institute. The warmest month, on average, is June with an average temperature of {{convert|31.1|°C|°F|disp=or}}.<ref name="clim" /> The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of {{convert|13.3|°C|°F|disp=or}}.<ref name="clim" /> The average amount of precipitation for the year in Almora is {{convert|1132.5|mm|in|2|disp=or}}.<ref name="clim" /> The month with the most precipitation on average is August with {{convert|330.3|mm|in|2|disp=or}} of precipitation.<ref name="clim" /> The month with the least precipitation on average is November with an average of {{convert|4.6|mm|in|2|disp=or}}.<ref name="clim" /> There are an average of 46.8 days of precipitation, with the most precipitation occurring in August with 11.9 days and the least precipitation occurring in November with 0.6 days.<ref name="clim" />

{{Weather box 
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Almora
| Jan mean C = 8.9
| Feb mean C = 11.1
| Mar mean C = 15.6
| Apr mean C = 20.0
| May mean C = 22.8
| Jun mean C = 23.3
| Jul mean C = 22.2
| Aug mean C = 22.8
| Sep mean C = 22.2
| Oct mean C = 18.9
| Nov mean C = 15.0
| Dec mean C = 11.1
| year mean C =
| Jan high C = 13.9
| Feb high C = 16.1
| Mar high C = 20.6
| Apr high C = 25.6
| May high C = 28.3
| Jun high C = 27.8
| Jul high C = 25.6
| Aug high C = 25.6
| Sep high C = 25.0
| Oct high C = 23.3
| Nov high C = 20.0
| Dec high C = 16.1
| year high C =
| Jan low C = 5.6
| Feb low C = 7.2
| Mar low C = 10.6
| Apr low C = 15.0
| May low C = 17.8
| Jun low C = 18.9
| Jul low C = 20.0
| Aug low C = 20.0
| Sep low C = 18.9
| Oct low C = 15.0
| Nov low C = 10.6
| Dec low C = 7.2
| year low C =
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 20.2
| Feb precipitation mm = 27.7
| Mar precipitation mm = 17.8
| Apr precipitation mm = 17.5
| May precipitation mm = 30.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 115.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 258.5
| Aug precipitation mm = 236.8
| Sep precipitation mm = 128.8
| Oct precipitation mm = 23.8
| Nov precipitation mm = 3.3
| Dec precipitation mm = 8.8
| source = https://weatherspark.com/y/110033/Average-Weather-in-Almora-India-Year-Round
}}

===Flora and fauna===
[[File: Forests and Valley of Uttarakhand India (2).jpg|thumb|Forests in Almora over hills]]
Due to the significant variation in elevation, the region's vegetation is remarkably diverse, with 4000 species of plants represented. The species can be broadly classified into tropical, Himalayan sub-tropical, and (sub-)alpine. The alpine and sub-alpine zones are considered to host the largest number of medicinal plants.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

The sub-alpine zones of Almora and its outskirts are a natural sanctuary for [[leopard]]s, [[langur]]s, [[Himalayan black bear]]s, [[Southern red muntjac|kakars]], and [[goral]]s, while the high-altitude zones are home to [[musk deer]], [[snow leopard]]s, [[blue sheep]], thar, and others. The entire area hosts a wide variety of bird species, including the [[peacock]], grey quail, [[Black francolin|black francolin/kala titar]], [[whistling thrush]], [[Chukar partridge|chakor]], [[monal]], [[cheer pheasant]], kokla, and [[Kalij pheasant]].

==Demographics==
{{Historical population
| 1871 | 6260
| 1881 | 7390
| 1891 | 7826
| 1901 | 8596
| 1911 | 10560
| 1921 | 8359
| 1931 | 9688
| 1941 | 10995
| 1951 | 12757
| 1961 | 16602
| 1971 | 20881
| 1981 | 22705
| 1991 | 28051
| 2001 | 32358
| 2011 | 35513
| source = <ref name=dchb /><ref>{{cite book|title=District Census Handbook, 1951-61|publisher=Census of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Pradesh|first1=India Director of Census Operations, Uttar|last2=Sinha|first2=Dharmendra Mohan|title=District Census Handbook: Series 21, Uttar Pradesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mx5AAAAAMAAJ&q=almora|language=en|year=1971}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=GISTNIC, Almora|date=1991}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Almora: A Gazetteer (1911)|publisher=SSDN Publishers & Distributors|isbn=9789381176962|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdicoAEACAAJ&q=almora|language=en|year=2014}}</ref>
}}

{{Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Religions in Almora (2011)
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|value1 = 90.84
|color1 = DarkOrange
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|value2 = 7.54
|color2 = Green
|label3 = [[Sikhism]]
|value3 = 0.23
|color3 = Yellow
|label7 = Other or not religious
|value7 = 1.39
|color7 = Black
}}

{{As of|2011|alt=As of the [[2011 India census]]}}, Almora has a population of 35,513 of which 18,306 are males, while 17,207 are females.<ref name=dchb />{{rp|20}} Out of the total population, The Almora Municipal Corporation has a population of 34,122,<ref name="mb2011">{{cite web|title=Almora City Population Census 2011 - Uttarakhand|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800327-almora.html|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=1 September 2016}}</ref> while The Almora Cantonment Board has a population of 1,391.<ref name="c2011">{{cite web|title=Almora City Population Census 2011 - Uttarakhand|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800326-almora-uttarakhand.html|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=2 September 2016}}</ref> The population of children in the age range of 0–6 years is 3,081, which is 8.67% of the total population of Almora.<ref name=dchb />{{rp|20}} The literacy rate of Almora city is 86.19%,<ref name=dchb />{{rp|21}} higher than the state average of 78.82%. Male literacy is around 88.06%, while the female literacy rate is 84.21%.<ref name=dchb />{{rp|21}} Almora had a population of 32,358 according to the [[2001 Census of India]].<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

The earliest known reference to the population of Almora occurs in the book 'The Kingdom of Nepal' by [[Francis Hamilton Buchanan|Francis Hamilton]]. During his visit to [[Fatehgarh]], Hamilton was told by Pt. Hariballav Pande that there were around a thousand houses in Almora during the Gorkha rule.<ref name="hamilton" />{{rp|297}} Mr. G.W. Traill, the second commissioner of the [[Kumaon division]], has written that there were 742 houses in Almora in 1821, in which 1,369 men, 1,178 women, and 968 children lived, and thus the total population of the town was 3,505.<ref name="pande">{{cite book|last1=Pande|first1=Badri Datt|title=History of Kumaun : English version of "Kumaun Ka Itihas"|date=1993|publisher=Shyam Prakashan|location=Almora|isbn=81-85865-01-9}}</ref>{{rp|115}}

[[Hinduism]] is practised by 90.84% of the total population and is the majority religion of Almora. [[Islam]] is practised by 7.54% of people and is the largest minority religion. Other religions like [[Sikhism]], [[Christianity]] and [[Buddhism]] are also practised by a small number of people. Hindi and Sanskrit are the official languages of the state while Kumaoni is the mother tongue of the majority.

The [[municipal board]] (Nagar Palika Parishad) of Almora was established in 1864. It was upgraded to Nagar Nigam in 2024. The Almora Nagar Nigam has a population of 34,122 of which 17,358 are males while 16,764 are females as per the report released by Census India 2011.<ref name="mb2011" /> The population of children within the age range of 0–6 is 2950 which is 8.65% of the total population of Almora (NPP).<ref name="mb2011" /> In Almora Nagar Nigam, the female sex ratio is of 966 against the state average of 963.<ref name="mb2011" /> Moreover, the child sex ratio in Almora is around 857 compared to Uttarakhand's state average of 890.<ref name="mb2011" /> Literacy rate of Almora city is 94.51% higher than state average of 78.82%.<ref name="mb2011" /> In Almora, male literacy is around 96.84% while the female literacy rate is 92.13%.<ref name="mb2011" /> Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 16.38% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 1% of total population in Almora (NN).<ref name="mb2011" /> Out of total population, 10,057 were engaged in work or business activity. Of this 7,901 were males while 2,156 were females.<ref name="mb2011" /> Of the total 10,057 working population, 93.25% were engaged in main work while 6.75% of total workers were engaged in marginal work.<ref name="mb2011" /> Almora Nagar Nigam has total administration over 8,014 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. Almora as of 2025 is divided into 40 wards for which elections are held every 5 years.
===Temples===
[[File:Kasar Devi Temple.JPG|right|thumb|Kasar Devi Temple]]
Almora has many notable temples, including [[Kasar Devi]], Nanda Devi, Doli Daana, Shyayi Devi, Khakmara, Asht Bhairav, Jakhandevi, Katarmal (Sun Temple), Pataal Devi, Raghunath Mandir, Badreshwar, Banari Devi, [[Chitai]], [[Jageshwar]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=Uttarakhand: Ek Samagra Adhyaan|publisher=Pariksha Vani Publication|year=2017}}</ref> [[Binsar]] Mahadev, Garhnath and [[Baijnath, Uttarakhand|Baijnath]].

Kasar [https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Kasar+Devi+Temple/@29.6412796,79.6581583,1356m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0xd09ff48a9b5b55af!8m2!3d29.6416712!4d79.6616988 Devi] temple constructed in 2nd century CE, was visited by Swami [[Swami Vivekananda|Vivekananda]]. The area has a Chabad House.<ref>{{cite book|title=Saṁvit: Knowledge that Leads to Enlightenment|publisher=Sri Sarada Math|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Miśra|first1=Nityānanda|title=Source materials of Kumauni history|publisher=Shree Almora Book Depot|isbn=9788185865249|language=en|year=1994}}</ref>{{rp|96}}<ref>[http://indiaguide.trailofview.com/trail/Kasar_Devi Kasar Devi]{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

[[Rudreshwar Mahadev Temple]], near Sanara Ganiya, is dedicated to Lord [[Shiva]]. It is beside the river Ram Ganga. A sun temple (only the second in the world) is at Katarmal, a short distance from the town. The temple of Manila Devi, Devi Maa, the family goddess of the [[Katyuri Kings|Katyuri clan]], lies around 85 km from Ranikhet. Udaipur a temple of Golu devta is 5 km from Binta near Dwarahat.

===Methodist church===
The [[Budden Memorial Church (Almora)|Budden Memorial Church]] is a [[Methodism|Methodist church]] located in the town, built in 1897 with the support of the [[London Missionary Society]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 December 2015 |title=Almora church holds mass in evening |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/almora-church-holds-mass-in-evening/articleshow/50314953.cms |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Luscombe |first=Stephen |title=Almora |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/almora.htm |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=www.britishempire.co.uk}}</ref>

===Twin cities===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Saas-Fee]], Switzerland<ref>{{cite web |title=India's Twinning Agreements|url=https://indbiz.gov.in/trade/indias-twinning-agreement |publisher=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]|access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==Transport==

=== Road ===
[[File:Kathgodam station.jpg|thumb|[[Kathgodam railway station|Kathgodam]] is the nearest railway station to Almora]]
Almora is connected by motorable roads with major destinations of Uttarakhand state and northern India. [[Uttarakhand Transport Corporation]] runs buses from Almora bus station to major north Indian cities such as [[Delhi]], [[Dehradun]], [[Lucknow]], and [[Chandigarh]]. The [[Government of Uttarakhand]] is constructing an [[Inter State Bus Terminals|interstate bus terminal]] near Lower Mall Road,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Darshan |date=23 October 2015 |title=Uttarkhand's second ISBT to be built in Almora |work=[[the times of india]] |agency=TNN |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Uttarkhands-second-ISBT-to-be-built-in-Almora/articleshow/49509272.cms |access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref> which will be helpful for establishing a large tourist network in the city and to destinations in the surrounding Kumaon region. It will be the second ISBT of Uttarakhand after [[Dehradun]].<ref>{{cite news |date=25 October 2015 |title=Almora to get Uttarakhand's second ISBT - Uttarakhand News Network |url=http://uttarakhandnewsnetwork.com/2015/10/almora-to-get-uttarakhands-second-isbt/ |access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref> A subregional transportation office is located in Almora<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dehradun |first1=NIC, Uttarakhand State Unit |title=State Transport Department, Government Of Uttarakhand, India |url=http://transport.uk.gov.in/pages/view/22/43-registration-authorities-of-uttarakhand-state- |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=transport.uk.gov.in}}</ref> where vehicles are registered with the number UK-01.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dehradun |first1=NIC, Uttarakhand State Unit |title=District Registration Numbers: State Transport Department, Government Of Uttarakhand, India |url=http://transport.uk.gov.in/pages/display/68-district-registration-numbers |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809213858/http://transport.uk.gov.in/pages/display/68-district-registration-numbers |archive-date=9 August 2016 |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=transport.uk.gov.in}}</ref>

=== Train ===
[[Kathgodam railway station]] is the nearest railway station. Kathgodam is the last terminus of the broad gauge line of North East Railways that connects Kumaon with [[Delhi]], [[Dehradun]] and [[Howrah]].

=== Air ===
[[Pantnagar Airport]], located in [[Pantnagar]] is the primary airport serving the entire Kumaon region. [[Bareilly Airport]] is another domestic airport which also serves the Kumaon region. [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]], located in [[Delhi]] is the nearest international airport.

==Education==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2023}}
Almora has three universities, [[Kumaun University]], [[Soban Singh Jeena University]] and [[Uttarakhand Residential University]].



===Institutions===
*[[Soban Singh Jeena University]] Mall Road
*[[Kumaun University]] Soban Singh Jeena Campus
*Soban Singh Jeena Government Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (Under Development)
*G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, [[Ranikhet]] Road
*[[Indian Council of Agricultural Research|ICAR]] Vivekanand Institute of Hill Agriculture and Research, Mall Road
*NRDMS [[Kumaun University]]
*[[Uttarakhand Residential University]] Almora

==Media and communications==
[[All India Radio]] has a local station in Almora which transmits programs of mass interest.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gale Directory of Publications and Broadcast Media|publisher=Gale Research|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ub8PAQAAMAAJ&q=all+india+radio+in+almora|access-date=2 September 2016|language=en|year=2006|isbn=9780787682200}}</ref> Almora station of A.I.R. was founded in June 1986 and is a primary channel station running on [[medium wave]] catering the whole of [[Kumaon division]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Upadhyay|first1=Vineet|title=New Year gift: AIR to broadcast Vividh Bharati in Bageshwar|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/New-Year-gift-AIR-to-broadcast-Vividh-Bharati-in-Bageshwar/articleshow/50371802.cms|access-date=15 October 2016|work=The Times of India|agency=TNN|date=29 December 2015|location=Dehradun}}</ref>
Multiple local Hindi and English newspapers are published, whereas regional and national Hindi and English newspapers, printed elsewhere in India, are also circulated in Almora. a number of historical newspapers and magazines have been published from Almora like [[Prabuddha Bharata]], Almora Akhbar, Shakti and Swadhin Praja.<ref name="mittal">{{cite book|last1=Mittal|first1=Arun K.|title=British Administration in Kumaon Himalayas: A Historical Study, 1815-1947|publisher=Mittal Publications|language=en}}</ref>

The history of printing and journalism in Almora is deeply intertwined with the efforts of several pioneers who sought to establish a voice for the people of the region. The journey began in 1871 when Buddhiballav Pant founded a debating club,<ref name="ajay">{{cite book|last1=Rawat|first1=Ajay S.|title=Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective|date=2002|publisher=Indus Publishing|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788173871368|language=en}}</ref>{{rp|134}} an initiative that earned the approval of [[William Muir]], the provincial governor at the time.<ref name="pande" />{{rp|120}} Muir, impressed by the club's activities, recommended the establishment of a press and the publication of a newspaper, which Pant took to heart. He went on to launch a press and began publishing Almora Akhbar, the region’s first Hindi weekly.<ref name="mittal" />{{rp|21}} The Almora Akhbar thrived under the editorship of [[Badri Datt Pandey]], who took over in 1913, growing its circulation from approximately 50-60 to 1,500 subscribers. However, the publication came to a halt in 1917. In the following year, a partner acquired the Debating Club Press, renaming it Vindhyavasini Press. This press later began publishing Zila Samachar in 1922, which would eventually become Kumaun Kumud, a publication that continued until the late 1930s.<ref name="pande" />{{rp|120}}

[[File:Prabuddha Bharatha March 1897 Front Cover.jpg| right | thumb |''[[Prabuddha Bharata]]'']]
The region saw further development in the publishing industry in 1893-94 with the establishment of Kumaun Printing Press by Babu Devidas. This press launched the weekly Kurmanchal Samachar, which was followed by Kurmanchal Mitra, though the latter ceased after a while.<ref name="pande" />{{rp|120}} Another notable publication, [[Prabuddha Bharata]], was founded in 1898 by [[Swarupananda|Swami Swarupananda]],<ref>The Life of the Swami Vivekananda, by His Eastern and Western Disciples, the Advaita Ashrama, Himalayas, by Advaita Ashrama, Published by the Swami Virajananda from the Prabuddha Bharata Office, Advaita Ashrama, 1947.</ref> but publication soon shifted to the [[Advaita Ashrama|Advaita Ashrama at Mayawati]].

In 1918, Badri Datt Pandey, alongside some associates, founded the Deshbhakta press and launched Shakti, a magazine that sparked disagreements among its partners due to its editorial stance.<ref name="mittal" />{{rp|21}}<ref name="ajay" />{{rp|134}}<ref name="shah" />{{rp|45}} Some of these partners went on to establish Sombari Press in 1919, which briefly published Jyoti before shutting down.<ref name="pande" />{{rp|120}} Meanwhile, Shakti continued its publication until 1942 when government restrictions forced its closure, only to be revived in 1946 through the efforts of [[Govind Ballabh Pant|Gobind Ballabh Pant]].<ref name="shah">{{cite book|last1=Shah|first1=Shambhu Prasad|title=Govind Ballabh Pant: Ek Jeevani|date=1972|location=Delhi}}</ref><ref name="ajay" />{{rp|134}}

The 1930s marked another milestone with the introduction of Swadhin Praja, directed by Victor Mohan Joshi.<ref name="ajay" />{{rp|134}}<ref name="ukssc">{{cite web|title=उत्तराखंड में समाचार पत्र तथा पत्रकारिता का इतिहास ( History Of Journalism in Uttarakhand )|url=http://www.ukssscjob.in/2017/07/history-of-journalism-in-uttarakhand.html?m=0|website=www.ukssscjob.in|access-date=5 August 2017|language=hi|archive-date=5 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805145925/http://www.ukssscjob.in/2017/07/history-of-journalism-in-uttarakhand.html?m=0|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1934, the weekly Samta was launched under the guidance of Hari Prasad Tamta, receiving government funding to support its publication. Initially printed at Indra Printing Press, the publication later shifted to Krishna Press in [[Haldwani]].<ref name="ukssc" /> Since 1935, Natkhat, an illustrated monthly magazine, has been published by Indra Printing Press, continuing the legacy of Almora's rich journalistic tradition.<ref name="pande" />{{rp|120}}

==Notable people==
[[File:Vivekananda Image August 1894.jpg|thumb|[[Swami Vivekananda]] visited Almora thrice during his Himalayan sojourns]]
[[File:Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant.jpg|thumb|[[Govind Ballabh Pant]] was born in Almora]]
[[File:Mahendra Singh Dhoni January 2016.jpg|thumb|Cricketer [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] has ancestral roots in Almora]]
*[[Rabindranath Tagore]] spent time in Almora and purchased a house in nearby Ramgarh where he stayed during the First World War.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Radhakrishnan|first1=Dr S.|title=Rabindranath Tagore: A Centenary|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=9788172013325|language=en|page=255|date=January 1992}}</ref>
*[[Swami Vivekananda]] visited Almora thrice during his Himalayan sojourns. He expressed great eagerness in making an Ashrama in the bosom of Himalayas for the practice of pure Advaita Vedanta.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chattopadhyaya|first1=Rajagopal|title=Swami Vivekananda in India: A Corrective Biography|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=9788120815865|language=en|page=237|year=1999}}</ref>
*[[Jawaharlal Nehru]] was in the Almora jail for a short time during the freedom struggle.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Moraes|first1=Frank|title=Jawaharlal Nehru|publisher=Jaico Publishing House|isbn=9788179926956|language=en|page=260|date=January 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Nehru|first1=Jawaharlal|title=Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru|publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund|isbn=9780195677270|language=en|page=261}}</ref>
*[[Govind Ballabh Pant]] (10 September 1887 – 7 March 1961), noted freedom fighter, first chief minister of Uttar Pradesh and later Home Minister of India, was born in Almora.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pant|first1=Govind Ballabh|title=Selected Works of Govind Ballabh Pant|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195656374|language=en|page=239|year=2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Rau|first1=M. Chalapathi|title=Govind Ballabh Pant, his life and times|publisher=Allied|language=en|page=3}}</ref>
*[[Uday Shankar]]'s dance school was established at Almora in the late 1930s.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Purkayastha|first1=P.|title=Indian Modern Dance, Feminism and Transnationalism|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781137375179|language=en|date=29 October 2014}}</ref> [[Ravi Shankar]], Baba[[Alauddin Khan]], [[Ali Akbar Khan]], [[Annapurna Devi]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bondyopadhyay|first1=Swapan Kumar|title=Annapurna Devi: An Unheard Melody|publisher=Roli Books Private Limited|isbn=9788174368553|language=en|date=April 2005}}</ref> [[Amala Shankar]] et al. were some of the celebrities among people who became famous later and learnt to dance and act here like [[Guru Dutt]], [[Zohra Sehgal]].
*[[Sumitranandan Pant]], (20 May 1900 – 28 December 1977) a modern Hindi poet, was born at Kausani village of Bageshwar, in the hills of Kumaon.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
*[[Bhairab Dutt Pande]], former cabinet secretary of India and governor of West Bengal, Punjab was a resident of Almora.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
*[[Sir Ronald Ross]], winner in 1902 of [[Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine]] for his path-breaking discovery in [[malaria]] parasite, was born here in 1857.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Senn|first1=Stephen|title=Dicing with Death: Chance, Risk and Health|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521540230|language=en|page=[https://archive.org/details/dicingwithdeathc00senn_0/page/178 178]|date=20 November 2003|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/dicingwithdeathc00senn_0/page/178}}</ref>
*[[Manohar Shyam Joshi]] the eminent Hindi writer and Indian TV's soap opera pioneer was from an Almora family of Galli village.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dutt|first1=Kartik Chandra|title=Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=9788126008735|language=en|page=531|year=1999}}</ref>
*[[Swami Satyananda Saraswati]] of the Bihar School of Yoga and Rikhiapeeth was born in Almora on 25 December 1923 in Zamindari Family of Bhikiyasen and Gaja.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
*[[Anagarika Govinda]] a leading authority on Tibetan Buddhism lived in Almora for a long time, along with his partner Li Gotami.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
*[[Girish Tiwari]] famous social activist and kumauni poet was born on 10 September 1945 in the village of Jyoli near Hawalbag in Almora
* [[Alfred Sorensen]], [[John Blofeld (writer)|John Blofeld]], Beat Poets [[Allen Ginsberg]], [[Peter Orlovsky]] and [[Gary Snyder]] - the original Dharma Bums, the LSD Gurus [[Timothy Leary]] and [[Ralph Metzner]], the psychiatrist [[R. D. Laing]], and Tibetologist [[Robert Thurman]] were among the many celebrities who lived or stayed in Almora.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
*[[Walter Evans-Wentz]], Anthropologist and pioneer of Tibetan Buddhism studies lived in Almora.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
*American actress [[Uma Thurman]] spent a small part of her childhood at [[Crank's Ridge]], near Almora, with her father [[Robert Thurman]].{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
*[[Begum Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan]] (née Sheila Irene Pant) (1905 - 13 June 1990) was born in a Kumauni Hindu-turned-Christian family at Almora.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mirza|first1=Sarfaraz Hussain|title=Muslim Women's Role in the Pakistan Movement|publisher=Research Society of Pakistan, University of the Punjab|language=en}}</ref>{{rp|132}} She was the wife of Pakistan's first prime minister [[Liaquat Ali Khan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Reza|first1=S. Mohammad|title=Persons who Shape Our Destiny: A Compendium of Bio-data of Those Persons who are Rendering Important Services in Various Fields of National Activity|publisher=Dar Publications|language=en}}</ref>
* Comrade [[P.C. Joshi]], the first chairman of the Communist Party of India (CPI), was born in Almora.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
*[[Murli Manohar Joshi]], the Union Human Resources Development minister of India (born 5 January 1934) in the NDA government.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
*[[B.C. Joshi]], General Bhuwan Chandra Joshi, PVSM, AVSM, ADC (1935 - 19 November 1994) was the Chief of Army Staff (CoAS) of the Indian Army, belongs to Almora district (Talladaniya).{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
*[[Devendra Kumar Joshi]] former chief of Naval Staff, Admiral D. K. Joshi, PVSM, AVSM, ADC, YSM (born: 4 July 1954) in Almora{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
*[[Shivani]], Hindi writer was from Almora<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ramaswamy|first1=Vijaya|title=Re-searching Indian women|publisher=Manohar|isbn=9788173044960|language=en|page=140|date=January 2003}}</ref>
*Munshi Hari Pradasd Tamta was the first industrialist of the Kumaon region. He was a social activist. He is remembered for his work of uplifting the downtrodden and the society. He was also an MLA from the Gonda constituency and Chairman of Almora municipal corporation. His life-size statue is kept in the Lt Col Joshi at Chaudhan Pata Almora to give him respect and honour.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
*[[Prasoon Joshi]], writer poet-lyricist Adguru{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
*Singer-musician [[Mohan Upreti]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Agarwal|first1=Deepa|title=Rajula and the Web of Danger|publisher=Hachette India|isbn=9789350094648|language=en|date=7 August 2012}}</ref> and many other artistic gems have roots in Almora.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
*[[Roop Durgapal]], Television actress, popularly known for her roles in TV shows like [[Balika Vadhu]], [[Swaragini]], [[Gangaa]] and several others was born and brought up in Almora.<ref name="Durgapal2014">{{cite tweet|user=roop123|author=Roop Durgapal|number=450581597767479296|date=31 March 2014|title=@dhundh i was born in Devbhumi Almora,uttrakhand :)}}</ref>
*[[Ekta Bisht]] is an Indian women's cricket player. She is a left-handed batswoman and slow left-arm orthodox bowler. She is the first International woman cricketer from [[Uttarakhand]].{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
* [[Baba Hari Dass]] (Hari Datt Karnatak, also known as Haridas Baba, born in Almora, 26 March 1923), a silent master yogi, founder of several teaching projects in US, Canada, and India, builder of temples and the author of scriptural commentaries.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Quinn|first1=Edward|title=Critical Companion to George Orwell|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9781438108735|language=en|page=179|date=14 May 2014}}</ref>
* [[Nilamber Pant]], former vice-chairman of ISRO and a [[Padma Shri]] winner.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sac.gov.in/SACSITE/asac-leaders-col.html | title=Shri N. Pant | publisher=Space Applications Centre, ISRO | date=2015 | access-date=18 July 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721124753/http://www.sac.gov.in/SACSITE/asac-leaders-col.html | archive-date=21 July 2015 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
*[[Lalit Pande]], a social worker, environmentalist and the founder of Uttarakhand Seva Nidhi Environmental Education Centre. The Government of India awarded him with Padma Shri, in 2007.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
*Sunil Kr. Tiwari, Actor from the town, worked in films: Fire in the Mountain, Samosa And Sons.
*[[Lakshya Sen]], India's highest ranked men's singles badminton player [as of 6-Apr-22], who has won several medals including at World Championship, All England Open, and Youth Olympics.

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|last=Rivett-Carnac|first=J. H.|title=Archaeological notes on ancient sculpturings on rocks in Kumaon, India|url=https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalno00rive#page/n7/mode/2up|year=1879|publisher=Calcutta : G.H. Rouse}}
*{{cite book|last=Upreti|first=Ganga Dutt|title=Proverbs & folklore of Kumaun and Garhwal|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924089930774#page/n7/mode/2up|year=1894|publisher=Lodiana Mission Press}}
* {{cite book|last=Oakley|first= E Sherman|title=Holy Himalaya; the religion, traditions, and scenery of Himalayan province (Kumaon and Garwhal)|url=https://archive.org/stream/holyhimalayareli00oaklrich#page/n7/mode/2up|year=1905|publisher=Oliphant Anderson & Ferrier, London}}
*{{cite book|last=of Kumaon|first=Raja Rudradeva|author2=(Ed. with English tr. Haraprasada Shastri)|title=Syanika sastra: or A Book on Hawking|url=https://archive.org/stream/syanikasatraorbo00rudruoft#page/n3/mode/2up|year=1910|publisher=Asiatic Society, Calcutta}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{cite book|title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol. 5|chapter-url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_260.gif |year=1909|publisher=Oxford at Clarendon Press|page=252|chapter=Almora town}}
*{{cite book |last1=Barron |first1=Peters |title=Notes of wanderings in the Himmala ... |date=1844 |oclc=316507322 |language=English}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Almora}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://almora.nic.in Official Website of Almora district]

{{Almora district}}
{{Kumaon}}
{{Municipalities of Uttarakhand}}
{{Uttarakhand}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Almora| ]]
[[Category:Tourism in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Cantonments of India]]
[[Category:Cantonments of British India]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Almora district]]
[[Category:1568 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1568]]

Kangla fort

2026-03-13T22:56:08Z

Pendu Mania: minor edit

{{short description|Fortified Palace in Manipur, India}}
{{Redirect|Kangla}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Kangla Kanglā
| alternate_name =
* Kangla Fort
* Kangla Palace
| image =
{{Multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 300
| image1 = The sacred idols of God Pakhangba and his divine consort kept inside the Pakhangba Temple in the Kangla Fort in Imphal.jpg
| image2 = The Kangla Gate.JPG
| image3 = Front view of two "Hiyang Hiren" watercrafts (boats of the royalties) in the middle and two "Tanna Hee" watercrafts (boats of the commoners) in the sideways, kept inside the "Hijagang" (Boatyard) in the Kangla Fort in Imphal.jpg
| image4 = Temple of God Pakhangba of Sanamahi religion inside the Kangla Fort, Imphal West, Manipur.jpg
| image5 = Statue of Maharaja Nara Singh in front of the Western Entrance to the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg
| image6 = Kangla Fort, Manipur, India 3.jpg
| image7 = Uttra Sanglen.JPG
}}
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = From top, left to right: the sacred images of God [[Pakhangba]] and his consort, the [[Kangla Sanathong]], the holy [[Hiyang Hiren]]s inside the [[Hijagang]], the [[Pakhangba Temple, Kangla]], the [[statue of Meidingu Nara Singh]], the [[Sanggai Yumpham]] and the dual statues of [[Kanglā Shā]] dragon, the [[emblem of Manipur]]
| map = India Manipur location map.svg
| map_type =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map_size =
| mapframe = yes 
| altitude_m = 
| altitude_ref =
| relief =
| coordinates = {{coord|24.808|93.940|display=inline,title}}
| gbgridref =
| map_dot_label =
| location = [[Imphal West district]]
| region = {{langnf|mni|[[Kangleipak]]|[[Manipur]]}}
| type = [[capital city]] (historical)
| part_of =
* [[File:Flag of Manipur.svg|22px]] [[Kingdom of Manipur]] (historical)
* {{IND}} (present)
| length =
| width =
| area =
| volume =
| diameter =
| circumference =
| height =
| builder =
| material =
| built =
| abandoned =
| epochs = [[Classical Antiquity]] 
| cultures = [[:simple:Meitei culture|Meitei culture]]
| dependency_of =
| occupants =
* [[File:In-29manipur.png|22px]] [[Ningthouja dynasty]]
* [[File:British Army Logo.svg|22px]] [[British Army]]
* [[File:Assam Rifles LOGO.svg|22px]] [[Assam Rifles]] ([[Indian Army]])
* [[File:Kanglasa.svg|22px]] [[Government of Manipur]]
| event = [[Anglo Manipur War]]
| discovered =
| excavations =
| archaeologists =
| condition = protected
| ownership = [[File:Kanglasa.svg|22px]] [[Government of Manipur]]
| management = Kangla Fort Board
| public_access = yes
| other_designation =
| website = 
| architectural_styles = [[Meitei architecture]]
| architectural_details =
| notes =
}}
{{Kingdom of Manipur}}

The {{lang|mni|'''Kangla'''}} (with diacritic, '''Kanglā'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=H. Surmangol |date=2006 |title=Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Kangla |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5&searchhws=yes# |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref>), officially known as the '''Kangla Fort''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deshpande |first=Abhijeet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lblDDwAAQBAJ&q=Kangla+Fort+or+Kangla+Palace&pg=PT98 |title=Backpacking North East India: A Curious Journey |date=2017-12-19 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-946556-80-6 |pages=98 |language=en}}</ref> is an old [[Fortification|fortified]] [[palace]] at [[Imphal]], in the [[Manipur]] [[States and union territories of India|state]] of India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sajnani |first=Manohar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdMNBxOsvrUC&dq=kangla+fort&pg=PA226 |title=Encyclopaedia of Tourism Resources in India |date=2001 |publisher= Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7835-017-2 |pages=226 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=James |first1=Rajesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jnQxEAAAQBAJ&q=The+Kangla+Fort%2Fthe+Kangla+Palace+is+an+old+palace+at+Imphal+in+Manipur&pg=PA232 |title=India Retold: Dialogues with Independent Documentary Filmmakers in India |last2=Venkatesan |first2=Sathyaraj |date=2021-07-01 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-5013-5269-0 |pages=232 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Prakash |first=Col Ved |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wxkC9S2jYCkC&dq=kangla+fort&pg=PA1600 |title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India |date=2007 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=978-81-269-0706-9 |pages=1600 |language=en}}</ref> It was formerly situated on both sides (western and eastern) of the bank of the [[Imphal River]], now remaining only on the western side in ruined conditions. Kangla means "the prominent part of the dry land" in old [[Meitei language|Meetei]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanajaoba |first=Naorem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&dq=kangla+dry+land&pg=PA415 |title=Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization |date=1988 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-853-2 |pages=415 |language=en}}</ref> It was the traditional seat of the past Meetei rulers of Manipur.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Chandra |first1=N. D. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cfg6fjTBK1cC&dq=kangla+fort&pg=PA82 |title=Ecology, Myth, and Mystery: Contemporary Poetry in English from Northeast India |last2=Das |first2=Nigamananda |date=2007 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-742-8 |pages=82 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Binodini |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u3yPDAAAQBAJ&q=Kangla+Fort%2C+the+seat+of+Manipuri+monarchy&pg=PT203 |title=The Maharaja's Household: A Daughter's Memories of Her Father |date=2015-03-17 |publisher=Zubaan |isbn=978-93-84757-19-9 |pages=203 |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Guide map of the Kangla fort of Imphal.jpg|thumb|300px|Guide map of the Kangla displayed to the public]]
Kangla (Imphal) was the ancient capital of pre-modern Manipur.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Chandra |first1=N. D. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cfg6fjTBK1cC&dq=kangla+fort&pg=PA82 |title=Ecology, Myth, and Mystery: Contemporary Poetry in English from Northeast India |last2=Das |first2=Nigamananda |date=2007 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-742-8 |pages=82 |language=en}}</ref>
The Kangla is a revered spot for the people of Manipur, reminding them of the days of their independence. It is a sacred place to the Meiteis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhar |first=Pannalal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdbAjbRgjdwC&dq=kangla+fort&pg=PA115 |title=Ethnic Unrest in India and Her Neighbours: Also Includes Europe, West Asia, the Balkans and Africa |date=1998 |publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |isbn=978-81-7100-818-6 |pages=115 |language=en}}</ref>

The Kangla is being proposed to be declared as a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]], for which there are discussions ongoing in the [[Indian Parliament]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-02-05 |title=Manipur titular king moves Parliament to declare Kangla Fort as World Heritage Site |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/imphal/manipur-titular-king-moves-parliament-to-declare-kangla-fort-as-world-heritage-site/articleshow/80704014.cms |access-date=2023-02-08 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kangla as a World Heritage Site |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/6177/kangla-as-a-world-heritage-site |access-date=2023-02-08 |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en |archive-date=8 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208152141/https://www.ifp.co.in/6177/kangla-as-a-world-heritage-site |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== History ==
{{Quote box
|quote = "One of the outstanding figures in the history of architecture in ancient Manipur was Naophangba (428-518 CE), who aside [sic] the foundation stone of the Kangla, the "Namthak Sarongpung", the holiest place of the Manipuries."
|source = —L.Kunjeswori Devi., p. 108<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sana |first=Raj Kumar Somorjit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eybpM1KZjVoC&dq=kangla+history&pg=PA28 |title=The Chronology of Meetei Monarchs: From 1666 CE to 1850 CE |date=2010 |publisher=Waikhom Ananda Meetei |isbn=978-81-8465-210-9 |pages=28 |language=en}}</ref>
|width = 28%
|style = min-width: 15em
|bgcolor = #FFE0BB
|align = right
}}
The Kangla was the seat of administration of the [[List of Meitei kings|Meitei rulers]] of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] (33 CE to 1891 CE).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Michaud |first1=Jean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZksDQAAQBAJ&dq=Kangla+Ningthouja+dynasty+33&pg=PA245 |title=Historical Dictionary of the Peoples of the Southeast Asian Massif |last2=Swain |first2=Margaret Byrne |last3=Barkataki-Ruscheweyh |first3=Meenaxi |date=2016-10-14 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1-4422-7279-8 |pages=245 |language=en}}</ref>

== Flora and fauna ==
[[File:A tree of Koubilla (Grevillea robusta) species growing inside the Kangla fort in Imphal, Kangleipak (Manipur).jpg|thumb|200px|A tree of Koubilla ({{lang|la|[[Grevillea robusta]]}}) species growing inside the Kangla]]
The Kangla possesses a sobriquet, "Lungs of Imphal" as it is heavily forested, providing oxygen at a massive level in the heart of the metropolis of Manipur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CM leads plantation drive inside Kangla |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/6/26/Imphal-Jun-25-DIPR-Pushing-the-recently-launched-CM-s-Green-Manipur-Mission-forward-Chief-Minister-N-Biren-Singh-today-led-a-mass-tree-plantation-drive-inside-Kangla-Around-700-indigenous-fruit-.html |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=www.thesangaiexpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-26 |title=Manipur CM Leads Mass Tree Plantation Drive at 'Sacred Kangla' |url=http://www.indiatodayne.in/breaking-news/story/manipur-chief-leads-mass-tree-plantation-drive-sacred-kangla-399049-2019-06-26 |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=India Today NE |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-26 |title=Manipur CM leads plantation drive at Kangla fort; announces indigenous names for gardens - Eastern Mirror |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/manipur-cm-leads-plantation-drive-at-kangla-fort-announces-indigenous-names-for-gardens/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=easternmirrornagaland.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Unfortunately, due to some developmental construction activities in the last few years, some minor but significant deforestation occurred inside the Kangla.

In the year 2009, the Kangla Herbal Garden was set up by the Kangla Fort Board, in order to carry out the plan of planting medicinal plants inside the Kangla into action. The responsibility for bringing up the botanical garden was held by the [[Lamphelpat|Lamphel]] based sub-branch of the [[North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat]] (NEIST).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Imphal Free |title=Kangla herbal garden in dire straits {{!}} KanglaOnline |date=14 November 2012 |url=http://kanglaonline.com/2012/11/kangla-herbal-garden-in-dire-straits/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |language=en-US |archive-date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308212426/http://kanglaonline.com/2012/11/kangla-herbal-garden-in-dire-straits/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In the year 2010, the [[Government of Manipur]] financed {{INR Convert|6.16|l|year=2010}} out of {{INR Convert|13.46|l|year=2010}} to the NEIST to carry out the task. It planted around 131 different plants, (including around 20 medicinal plant species) in the garden. Notable plant species nurtured in the Kangla Herbal Garden include heigru (''[[Phyllanthus emblica]]''), kihori (''[[Phyllanthus acidus]]''), [[agar]] (''[[Aquilaria agallocha]]''), neem (''[[Azadirachta indica]]''), tera (''[[Bombax malabaricum|Mobax malabathricum]]''), singairei (''[[Nyctanthes arbor-tristis]]'') and leihao (''[[Michelia champaca]]''). An area covering 3.5 acres of land was allocated for the development of the botanical garden by the [[Manipur Government]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Imphal Free |title=Kangla herbal garden in dire straits {{!}} KanglaOnline |date=14 November 2012 |url=http://kanglaonline.com/2012/11/kangla-herbal-garden-in-dire-straits/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |language=en-US |archive-date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308212426/http://kanglaonline.com/2012/11/kangla-herbal-garden-in-dire-straits/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

During the month of June in 2019, around 700 indigenous fruit-bearing tree saplings were planted inside the {{langnf|mni|Nura Heikol|term1=Women's [[fruit garden]] |term2=Ladies' [[orchard]]}}, formerly known as "Biodiversity Park" of the Kangla) of the Kangla by the [[Government of Manipur]], under the initiative of Green Manipur Mission.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CM leads plantation drive inside Kangla |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/6/26/Imphal-Jun-25-DIPR-Pushing-the-recently-launched-CM-s-Green-Manipur-Mission-forward-Chief-Minister-N-Biren-Singh-today-led-a-mass-tree-plantation-drive-inside-Kangla-Around-700-indigenous-fruit-.html |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=www.thesangaiexpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-26 |title=Manipur CM Leads Mass Tree Plantation Drive at 'Sacred Kangla' |url=http://www.indiatodayne.in/breaking-news/story/manipur-chief-leads-mass-tree-plantation-drive-sacred-kangla-399049-2019-06-26 |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=India Today NE |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-26 |title=Manipur CM leads plantation drive at Kangla fort; announces indigenous names for gardens - Eastern Mirror |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/manipur-cm-leads-plantation-drive-at-kangla-fort-announces-indigenous-names-for-gardens/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=easternmirrornagaland.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

During the month of September in 2019, around 120 trees, including mayokfa, agar, uningthou, [[teak]], chahui and samba, were planted inside the Kangla by the editorial board and the management team of "The Sangai Express" (TSE), a newspaper daily of Manipur, on its 20th foundation day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TSE takes up tree plantation drive at Kangla on 20th foundation day: 12th sep19 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=6..120919.sep19 |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TSE takes up tree plantation drive at Kangla on 20th foundation day |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/9/12/IMPHAL-Sep-11-As-part-of-the-20th-foundation-day-of-The-Sangai-Express-editorial-and-management-staff-of-the-daily-carried-out-a-tree-plantation-programme-inside-Kangla-today-.amp.html |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=www.thesangaiexpress.com |language=en}}</ref>

There's another garden named "Engellei Leikol" (formerly known as "Rock Garden" of the Kangla) located in the southern part of the Kangla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CM leads plantation drive inside Kangla |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/6/26/Imphal-Jun-25-DIPR-Pushing-the-recently-launched-CM-s-Green-Manipur-Mission-forward-Chief-Minister-N-Biren-Singh-today-led-a-mass-tree-plantation-drive-inside-Kangla-Around-700-indigenous-fruit-.html |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=www.thesangaiexpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-26 |title=Manipur CM Leads Mass Tree Plantation Drive at 'Sacred Kangla' |url=http://www.indiatodayne.in/breaking-news/story/manipur-chief-leads-mass-tree-plantation-drive-sacred-kangla-399049-2019-06-26 |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=India Today NE |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-26 |title=Manipur CM leads plantation drive at Kangla fort; announces indigenous names for gardens - Eastern Mirror |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/manipur-cm-leads-plantation-drive-at-kangla-fort-announces-indigenous-names-for-gardens/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=easternmirrornagaland.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

During the month of May in 2022, around 50 fruit-bearing plants were planted inside the Kangla by the Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD).<ref>{{Cite web |title=50 fruit bearing plants planted inside Kangla Fort in Imphal |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/50-fruit-bearing-plants-planted-inside-kangla-fort-in-imphal |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007114143/https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/50-fruit-bearing-plants-planted-inside-kangla-fort-in-imphal |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Saplings planted at Kangla Fort |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2022/5/7/IMPHAL-May-6The-Institute-of-Bioresources-and-Sustainable-Development-IBSD-Imphal-planted-arou.html |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=www.thesangaiexpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tree Plantation Programme at Kangla 20220507 |url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.Press_Release.Press_Release_2022.Tree_Plantation_Programme_at_Kangla_20220507 |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

There's a plan for planting 10,000 saplings of fruit bearing trees inside the Kangla by the Kangla Fort Board, under the leadership of [[Nongthombam Biren]], the [[Chief Minister of Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gurumayum |first=William |title=CM leads mass plantation drive at Kangla 10,000 fruit bearing trees will be planted inside Kangla: CM - Imphal Times |url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/item/14818-cm-leads-mass-plantation-drive-at-kangla-10-000-fruit-bearing-trees-will-be-planted-inside-kangla-cm |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=www.imphaltimes.com |date=25 June 2019 |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-06 |title=10 thousand fruit bearing tree saplings to be planted in Kangla Fort complex {{!}} Pothashang News |url=https://www.pothashang.in/2019/06/06/10-thousand-fruit-bearing-tree-saplings-planted-kangla-fort-complex/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=Pothashang |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Places ==
{{More citations needed|date=December 2025}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Image(s)
! Name
! Description(s)
|-
| [[File:The Kangla Gate.JPG|thumb|100px]]
| [[Western Kangla Gate]] ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯀꯪꯂꯥ ꯁꯅꯊꯣꯡ}}|kangla santhong|Golden Door of the Kangla}})
| The grand royal entrance gate to the Kangla from the western side
|-
| [[File:Northern view of the Statues of Kanglasha, the Meitei mythical Dragon Lion God, located inside the Kangla Fort in Imphal.jpg|thumb|100px]]
| [[Kanglasha]] ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯀꯪꯂꯥꯁꯥ}}||Dragons of the Kangla}})
| A pair of sculptures dedicated to the lion god [[Nongshaba]].
|-
| [[File:Kangla Fort Complex, Imphal (216).jpeg|thumb|100px]]
| [[Kangla Museum]] ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯀꯪꯂꯥ ꯃꯤꯎꯖꯤꯌꯝ}}}})
| A museum that showcases the lifestyle of Meitei rulers of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] as well as the ancient Meitei artistic and cultural heritage and maps of {{langnf|mni|[[Kangleipak]]|[[Manipur]]}})
|-
| [[File:Southwestern view of the Kangla Uttra Shanglen, the religious office building of Sanamahism, inside the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg|thumb|100px]]
| Kangla Uttra Shanglen ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯀꯪꯂꯥ ꯎꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ}}||Royal Office Building of the Kangla}})
| A religious office building of [[Sanamahism]] (traditional Meitei religion), built in the traditional [[Meitei architecture|Meitei architectural style]]. The most significant and the holiest element is the ''chirong'' (literally, "horns"), which is the V-shaped design adorned on the roof of the building.
|-
| [[File:Southern gateway to the citadel of the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg|thumb|100px]]
| [[Sanggai Yumpham]] ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯁꯪꯒꯥꯏ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ}}||Royal residence}})
| A fortified [[royal residence]] inside the Kangla.
|-
| [[File:Manung Kangjeibung - the Polo Ground of the Meitei royalties, located inside the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg|thumb|100px]]
| [[Inner Polo Ground]] ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯡꯖꯩꯕꯨꯡ}}|manung kangjeibung}})
| Ningthouja dynasty polo field located to the south west of the [[Sanggai Yumpham|citadel inside the Kangla]]
|-
| [[File:Manung Thangapat - the Inner Moat of the Kangla Fort in Imphal.jpg|thumb|100px]]
| Manūng Thāngapāt ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯡꯒꯄꯥꯠ}}||inner moat}})
| Manung Thangapat is the Inner Moat of the Kangla Fort, encircling and protecting the Sanggai Yumpham as a second line of defense.
|-
| [[File:Statue of Maharaja Nara Singh in front of the Western Entrance to the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg|thumb|100px]]
| [[Statue of Meidingu Nara Singh]] ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯩꯗꯤꯡꯉꯨ ꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡꯍꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯝ}}|meidingu narasinghgi mitam}})
| The grand bronze sculpture of King [[Raja Nara Singh|Nara Singh]] riding on a [[Manipuri pony]].
|-
| [[File:The Manglen of Maharaja Bodhchandra inside the Kangla Fort in Imphal.jpg|thumb|100px]]
| The [[tomb]] of King [[Bodhchandra Singh|Bodhchandra]] ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯕꯣꯙꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯪꯂꯦꯟ}}|ningthou bodhchandragi manglen}})
| The site where the mortal remains of Maharaja Bodhchandra Singh (Manglen of Ningthou Bodhchandra or Samadhi of Maharaja Bodhchandra), the last ruler of sovereign state of [[Manipur Kingdom]], was consigned to flames in 9 December 1955.
|-
| [[File:Chingkhei Eekon - a sacred pond of the Meitei people in the northeastern corner of the citadel and the palace building of the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg|thumb|100px]]
| Chīngkhei Īkon ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯆꯤꯡꯈꯩ ꯏꯀꯣꯟ|ꯆꯤꯡꯈꯩ ꯏꯀꯣꯟ}}||Northeastern pond}}) or Chingkhei Pukhri.
| A sacred pond in the northeastern corner of the Sanggai Yumpham.
|-
| [[File:Front view of two "Hiyang Hiren" watercrafts (boats of the royalties) in the middle and two "Tanna Hee" watercrafts (boats of the commoners) in the sideways, kept inside the "Hijagang" (Boatyard) in the Kangla Fort in Imphal.jpg|thumb|100px]]
| [[Kangla Boatyard]] ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯍꯤꯖꯒꯥꯡ}}|hijagāng}})
| The boatyard houses traditional Meitei royal boats (''hiyang hiren'') and commoners' boats (''tanna hee'').
|-
| [[File:Southeastern view of the Pakhangba Temple inside the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg|thumb|100px]]
| [[Pakhangba Temple, Kangla]] ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯏꯄꯨꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯄ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯪ}}|iputhou pakhangba laishang|Temple of Lord [[Pakhangba]]}})
| A temple dedicated to the god Pakhangba of Sanamahism.
|-
| [[File:ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM.jpg|thumb|100px]]
| [[Archaeological Museum, Kangla]] ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯥꯔꯀ꯭ꯌꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯤꯎꯖꯤꯌꯝ}}}})
| A museum housing [[Stone Age]] tools and historical stone inscriptions, coins and other artefacts of the Ningthouja dynasty.
|-
| [[File:Site for Meitei Heritage Park of the Kangla Fort in Imphal, Kangleipak (Manipur).jpg|thumb|100px]]
| Site for Meitei Heritage Park
| A Heritage Park dedicated to the Meitei people, the largest ethnicity of [[Manipur]]. It is also known as Meitei Heritage Park.
|}

== See also ==
* [[Kangla Nongpok Torban]]
* [[Museums in Kangla]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category multi|Kangla Fort Complex}}
{{Wikivoyage|Kangla}}
* [https://www.ifp.co.in/tag/kangla-fort Kangla Fort] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308205257/https://www.ifp.co.in/tag/kangla-fort |date=8 March 2023 }} at [[Imphal Free Press]]
*[http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Kangla.Kangla_The_ancient_Capital_of_Manipur The ancient capital of Manipur : E-Pao.Net]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060318175952/http://www.flonnet.com/fl2218/stories/20050909000106500.htm Rediscovering a heritage- By SUSHANTA TALUKDAR]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111015043540/http://gallery.kanglaonline.com/2011/08/kangla-fort-manipur-amrit-koijam/ Kangla Fort Beautiful Photos - KanglaOnline.com]

{{Authority control}}

{{Meiteimyth navbox long}}

[[Category:Meitei architecture]]
[[Category:Ancient archaeological sites]]
[[Category:Manipur Kingdom]]
[[Category:Ancient cities]]
[[Category:Ancient peoples]]
[[Category:Archaeological monuments in India]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in British India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Imphal]]
[[Category:Cultural history of India]]
[[Category:Imphal West district]]
[[Category:Indian Army bases]]
[[Category:Former capitals in India]]
[[Category:Forts in India]]
[[Category:Meitei pilgrimage sites]]
[[Category:Military installations of India]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Imphal]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials to Meitei royalty]]
[[Category:Palaces in Manipur]]
[[Category:Public art in India]]
[[Category:Religious places]]
[[Category:Royal residences in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Manipur]]

Barabanki Lok Sabha constituency

2026-03-11T00:39:37Z

Pendu Mania: done.

{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Barabanki {{Small|UP-41}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Uttar Pradesh/Barabanki.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Barabanki Lok Sabha constituency
| established = 1952
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| mp = [[Tanuj Punia]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| assembly_cons = [[Kursi Assembly constituency|Kursi]] [[Ram Nagar, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Ram Nagar]] [[Barabanki Assembly constituency|Barabanki]] [[Zaidpur Assembly constituency|Zaidpur]] [[Haidergarh Assembly constituency|Haidergarh]]
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image = [[File:Tanuj Punia.jpg|250px]]
}}

'''Barabanki Lok Sabha constituency''' (formerly known as '''Bara Banki Lok Sabha constituency''') is one of the 80 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Uttar Pradesh]] state in northern [[India]].

==Assembly segments==
Presently, Barabanki Lok Sabha constituency comprises six [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments.<ref name="IC-PC-53">{{cite web|url=http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/053_PC_Statistics_English.aspx|title=Information and Statistics-Parliamentary Constituencies-53-Barabanki|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh website}}</ref> These are:
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!No
!Name
!District
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
!colspan=2|2024 Lead
|-
|266
|[[Kursi Assembly constituency|Kursi]]
|rowspan=5|[[Barabanki district|Barabanki]]
|[[Sakendra Pratap Verma]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
| 267
|[[Ram Nagar, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Ram Nagar]]
|[[Fareed Mahfooz Kidwai]]
|{{party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|268
|[[Barabanki Assembly constituency|Barabanki]]
|[[Dharmraj Singh Yadav]]
|-
|269
|[[Zaidpur Assembly constituency|Zaidpur]] (SC)
|Gaurav Kumar
|-
|272
|[[Haidergarh Assembly constituency|Haidergarh]] (SC)
|[[Dinesh Rawat]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

==Members of Parliament==
Following is the list of MPs from Barabanki:<ref>{{cite news|last=मौर्य|first=चन्द्रकान्त|title=खानदान और ग्लैमर नहीं, सोच देखता है बाराबंकी|url=http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/lucknow/politics/--/articleshow/31903100.cms|access-date=13 March 2014|newspaper=Nav Bharat Times|date=13 March 2014|language=hi}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barabanki (Uttar Pradesh) Lok Sabha Election Results 2019 -Barabanki Parliamentary Constituency, Winning MP and Party Name |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/parliamentary-constituencies/barabanki.html |access-date= |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1951–52 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Mohanlal Saksena]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|[[Ram Sewak Yadav]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[Swami Ramanand Shastri]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Sewak Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Socialist Party of India (1955)}}
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|[[Rudra Pratap Singh (politician)|Rudra Pratap Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Kinkar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party (Secular)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|[[Kamla Prasad|Kamla Prasad Rawat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Ram Sagar Rawat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|[[Baij Nath Rawat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|[[Ram Sagar Rawat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[Kamla Prasad|Kamla Prasad Rawat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[PL Punia]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Priyanka Singh Rawat]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Upendra Singh Rawat]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Tanuj Punia]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==

=== General election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh|Barabanki]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/ConstituencywiseS2453.htm |title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024 |access-date=2025-01-31 |date=June 2024 |archive-date=2025-01-31 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250131150310/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/ConstituencywiseS2453.htm |website=Election Commission of India |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Barabanki">{{cite news |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Barabanki |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2453.htm |access-date=31 May 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531172301/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2453.htm |archive-date=31 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Barabanki Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024">{{cite news |title=Barabanki Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/uttar-pradesh/barabanki |access-date=31 May 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531172425/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/uttar-pradesh/barabanki |archive-date=31 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate =[[Tanuj Punia]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes =7,19,927
|percentage = 55.78
|change = {{increase}}41.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Rajrani Rawat
|votes = 5,04,223
|percentage = 39.07
|change ={{decrease}}7.32
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Shiv Kumar Doharey
|votes = 39,177
|percentage = 3.04
|change ={{increase}}3.04
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes =8,221
|percentage = 0.64
|change ={{decrease}}0.12
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 2,15,704
|percentage = 16.71
|change = {{increase}}7.17
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =12,90,634
|percentage = 67.27
|change = {{increase}}3.66
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh|Barabanki]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |candidate=[[Upendra Singh Rawat]] |votes=5,35,594 |percentage=46.39 |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Ram Sagar Rawat]]|party=Samajwadi Party|votes=4,25,624|percentage=36.85|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Tanuj Punia]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=1,59,575|percentage=13.82|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=8,783|percentage=0.76|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,09,970
|percentage = 9.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=11,55,708|percentage=63.61|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh|Barabanki]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Priyanka Singh Rawat]]
|votes = 4,54,214
|percentage = 42.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[PL Punia|Panna Lal Punia]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 2,42,336
|percentage = 22.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Kamla Prasad|Kamla Prasad Rawat]]
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,67,150
|percentage = 15.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Rajrani Rawat
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 1,59,284
|percentage = 14.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Peace Party of India
|candidate = Rajesh Kumar Vidyarthi
|votes = 7,980
|percentage = 0.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 8,726
|percentage = 0.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 2,11,878
|percentage = 19.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,68,169
|percentage = 62.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Barabanki district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/uttar_pradesh/barabanki/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Barabanki lok sabha constituency election 2019 result]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}

{{coord|26.9|81.2|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barabanki Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Barabanki district]]

Jivraj Park metro station

2026-03-07T18:38:49Z

Pendu Mania: Creating new stub - done

{{short description|Ahmedabad Metro's Red Line metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Jivraj Park
| style = Ahmedabad Metro
| type = {{Ahmedabad Metro Infobox station line|line=Red}}
| image =
| address = Jivraj Park, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380051
| coordinates = {{coord|23.00551|72.53357|display=inline,title}}
| owned = [[Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation Limited]]
| operator = [[Ahmedabad Metro]]
| lines = {{rcb|Ahmedabad Metro|Red|croute}}
| platforms = [[Side platform]] Platform-1 → [[Mahatma Mandir metro station|Mahatma Mandir]] / {{stl|Ahmedabad Metro|GIFT City}} Platform-2 → [[APMC metro station|APMC]]
| tracks = 2
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| levels = 2
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| status = Operational
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|6 October 2022}}
| electrified = 750 V DC [[third rail]]
| services = {{adjstn|system=Ahmedabad Metro|line=Red|left=APMC|right=Rajiv Nagar}}
| map_type =
| map_size =
| map_dot_label =
| route_map = {{Red Line (Ahmedabad Metro)}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Ahmedabad Metro|Red}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Jivraj Park''' is an elevated metro station on the North-South Corridor of the [[Red Line (Ahmedabad Metro)|Red Line]] of [[Ahmedabad Metro]] in [[Ahmedabad]], India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-03 |title=Ahmedabad: Metro service on North-South corridor to begin on October 6 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-metro-service-on-north-south-corridor-to-begin-on-october-6-8188276/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Around this metro station holds the main [[DMart]] Supermarket along with Auda Garden Park, Rish Orthopedic Hospital in southern Ahmedabad. This metro station was inaugurated on 30 September 2022 by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and was opened to the public on 6 October 2022.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-05 |title=Ahmedabad: North-South corridor metro service to be operational from October 6 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-north-south-corridor-metro-service-to-be-operational-from-october-6-article-94664917 |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-02 |title=Huge demand on Day 1 of Ahmedabad Metro |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/huge-demand-on-day-1-of-ahmedabad-metro-8186528/ |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Prime Minister Modi inaugurates phase-1 of Ahmedabad Metro rail project |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/prime-minister-modi-inaugurates-phase-1-of-ahmedabad-metro-rail-project/articleshow/94554222.cms |access-date=2022-10-04}}</ref>

==Station layout==
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Jivraj Park track layout
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Ahmedabad Metro|Red}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Ahmedabad Metro|Rajiv Nagar}}
*'''P1'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P2'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Ahmedabad Metro|APMC}}
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]]<nowiki> | Doors will open on the left </nowiki>{{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|'''Platform 2''' '''Southbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → [[APMC metro station|APMC]]
|-
|'''Platform 1''' '''Northbound'''
|Towards ← [[Mahatma Mandir metro station|Mahatma Mandir]]/[[GIFT City metro station|GIFT City]]
'''Next Station:''' [[Rajiv Nagar metro station|Rajiv Nagar]]
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]]<nowiki> | Doors will open on the left </nowiki>{{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Ahmedabad]]
* [[Gujarat]]
* [[List of Ahmedabad Metro stations]]
* [[Urban rail transit in India#Rapid transit|Rapid transit in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.gujaratmetrorail.com/passenger-information/time-table/|name=Ahmedabad Metro Official Website}}
* {{Official website|https://yometro.com/ahmedabad-metro-23|name=Ahmedabad Metro stations' details}}

{{Ahmedabad Metro navbox}}

[[Category:Ahmedabad Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2022]]

Kumari 21F (2018 film)

2026-03-06T05:16:52Z

Pendu Mania: Creating new bio - done

{{short description|Indian romantic drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kumari 21F
| image = Kumari 21F (2018 film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = Sriman Vedula
| writer = [[Sukumar]] (story) Prashanth Rajappa (dialogue)
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Kumari 21F]]'' (2015) by [[Palnati Surya Pratap]]}}
| producer = Ishan Saksena Sunil Shah Sanjay Agrawal
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Pranam Devaraj
*Nidhi Kushalappa }}
| narrator =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music = [[Mahati Swara Sagar]]
| studio = 
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2018|8|3}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Kumari 21F''''' is a 2018 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by Sriman Vedula and starring Pranam Devaraj and Nidhi Kushalappa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/i-want-people-to-see-me-as-an-actor-and-not-hero-pranam-devaraj/articleshow/65243536.cms|title=I want people to see me as an actor and not hero: Pranam Devaraj|first=Prathibha|last=Joy|date=3 August 2018|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=22 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kumari-21f-is-about-not-judging-a-woman-for-what-she-wears-does-or-says/articleshow/65227585.cms|title='Kumari 21F is about not judging a woman for what she wears, does or says'|first=Prathibha|last=Joy|date=2 August 2018|newspaper=The Times of India|accessdate=22 February 2025}}</ref> The film is a remake of the Telugu film [[Kumari 21F|of the same name]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/i-have-retained-the-soul-of-kumari-21f-but-made-changes-to-suit-kannada-audiences/articleshow/65185994.cms|title='I have retained the soul of Kumari 21F, but made changes to suit Kannada audiences'|first=Prathibha|last=Joy|work=The Times of India|date=30 July 2018|access-date=30 September 2024|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103223126/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/i-have-retained-the-soul-of-kumari-21f-but-made-changes-to-suit-kannada-audiences/articleshow/65185994.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kumari-21-f-now-in-kannada/articleshow/53940116.cms|title=Kumari 21 F now in Kannada|date=16 January 2017|work=The Times of India|access-date=30 September 2024|archive-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329000120/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Kumari-21-F-now-in-Kannada/articleshow/53940116.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> which itself is loosely based on the French film ''[[Lila Says]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/telugu-indie-hit-kumari-21f-to-be-remade-in-kannada/story-cuEQ3KK8BfHc813NWptseJ.html|title=Telugu indie hit Kumari 21F to be remade in Kannada|via=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=1 September 2016|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|access-date=30 September 2024|archive-date=9 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309225623/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/telugu-indie-hit-kumari-21f-to-be-remade-in-kannada/story-cuEQ3KK8BfHc813NWptseJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cast==
*Pranam Devaraj as Siddu
*Nidhi Kushalappa as Kumari
*Manoj Puttar
* Sangeeta
*[[Ravi Kale]] as [[Assistant_superintendent#India|ASP]]
*[[M. S. Umesh]]

==Production==
[[Sukumar]] and his brother Vijayakumar selected newcomer Sriman Vedula to make his directorial debut. Sukumar. who was busy with ''[[Rangasthalam]]'' (2018) allowed Sriman to choose who he wanted to act in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/the-subject-of-kumari-21f-is-relevant-to-the-youth-of-today/articleshow/65176648.cms|title='The subject of Kumari 21F is relevant to the youth of today'|date=29 July 2018|work=The Times of India|access-date=30 September 2024|archive-date=4 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104052315/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/the-subject-of-kumari-21f-is-relevant-to-the-youth-of-today/articleshow/65176648.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Mahati Swara Sagar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-04-19/Kumari-21F-goes-to-Kannada/222465|title=Kumari 21F goes to Kannada|work=[[The Hans India]]|date=19 April 2016|access-date=2024-09-30|archive-date=2023-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608111037/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-04-19/Kumari-21F-goes-to-Kannada/222465|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Release==
The film had its premiere on 2 August 2018 in Bengaluru, which was attended by [[Prajwal Devaraj]] and [[Chiranjeevi Sarja]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bangalore/prajwal-devaraj-chiranjeevi-sarja-at-kumari-21f-premiere-in-bengaluru/articleshow/65228284.cms|title=Prajwal Devaraj, Chiranjeevi Sarja at Kumari 21F premiere in Bengaluru|date=2 August 2018|work=The Times of India}}</ref> The film had its theatrical release on 3 August 2018.<ref name="T"/>

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "''Kumari 21F'' has a relevant message about stereotyping, and the idea behind the attempt is commendable. The film could have been made a little sharper. Though, it does make a decent one-time watch if you like films that are different from the run-of-the-mill masala entertainers".<ref name="T">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kumari-21f/movie-review/65244764.cms|title=Kumari 21F Movie Review|work=The Times of India|date=3 August 2018|access-date=30 September 2024|archive-date=26 November 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181126130253/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kumari-21f/movie-review/65244764.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Chitraloka.com]]'' rated the film three-and-a-half out of five and wrote that "Overall ''Kumari 21F'' is a special film for many reasons. It is one of those commercial films with a haunting message that should not be missed. A new hero has arrived and a new director has given an unusual film. It is now for the audience to appreciate it".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/18255-kumari-21f-review-chitraloka-rating-3-5-5.html|title=Kumari 21F Review, Chitraloka Rating 3.5/5|date=3 August 2018|work=[[Chitraloka.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102081945/https://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/18255-kumari-21f-review-chitraloka-rating-3-5-5.html|archive-date=2 January 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|8365006}}

[[Category:2018 Indian films]]
[[Category:2018 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Telugu films]]

Jagatpur Village, Delhi

2026-03-04T17:50:10Z

Pendu Mania: typo fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=March 2017}}

'''Jagatpur village''' is a [[village]], near [[Burari, Delhi|Burari]] in [[Delhi]], [[India]]. Jagatpur is one of 122 [[Village|villages]] of [[Delhi]], situated on the cities outskirts. The [[Yamuna River]] surrounds the village, sometimes causing floods.

== Background ==

There have been a number of recurrent floods in the [[history]] of this [[community]] that has led to [[Population transfer|resettlement]] and rehabilitation of the population. The [[village]] is [[Rural area|rural]] in its socio-cultural aspects but because of its [[Surroundings|vicinity]] to NCT [[Delhi]], it resembles a semi-urban community.{{cn|date=June 2022}}

{{cn|date=June 2022}} The [[village]] has undergone many [[geographical]], [[Economy|economic]], [[Culture|cultural]] and social changes. Due t{{cn|date=June 2022}}o the increasing value of [[Landholding|landholdings]], the people of Jagatpur have started abandoning their traditional practice of [[cattle]] rearing in favor of alternatives better suited to the fast pace of economic growth.{{cn|date=June 2022}} However, there is still a very significant population involved in [[cattle]] rearing, especially relative to [[Delhi]].{{cn|date=June 2022}}

==Governance==
The [[community]] has a local [[Caste panchayat|Caste Panchayat]]. The representatives of the [[Panchayati raj|Panchayat]] are heads of the 26 Kunbas of the village. The community is inhabited primarily by Hindus, who constitute about 85% of the [[village]] [[population]]. The remaining population is composed of a small [[Muslim]] community. [[Gurjar|Gujjars]] are the native to the area with the rest of the [[population]] being composed of migrants from [[Uttar Pradesh]] & [[Bihar]].

==Population==
The [[population]] of Jagatpur is approximately 15,000 and is part of the Jharoda ward and Burari constituency.{{cn|date=June 2022}} The [[village]] is secluded - it is characteristically [[Rural area|rural]] and geographically isolated. The Jharoda ward has a population of 2.5 lakh, whereas the whole Jagatpur village has 15,000 (approx.) people, which makes the [[community]] politically [[Vulnerability|vulnerable]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jagatpurjattan.com/|title=Welcome- Jagat Pur Jattan.com|last=claire|first=jasbir singh|website=www.jagatpurjattan.com|access-date=2017-05-06}}</ref> There are mainly two [[The Co-operative Group|societies]] formed by the villagers.
# Bawa Singh Johai Memorial Trust
# Lok Sewa Samiti

==Institutions==
There is no [[Anganwadi]] within Jagatpur [[village]], but there is one [[Anganwadi]] in the Jagatpur Extension area.
[[Primary Health Centre (India)|Primary Health Center]] (PHC) - There is only one PHC [SPUHC Jagatpur (80)] in Jagatpur Extension but none in the Jagatpur village. This PHC runs inside a rented accommodation and lacks proper [[infrastructure]].

==Sports==
Sports are the primary [[entertainment]] and with the help of non-residents, two [[Kabaddi]] [[Tournament|Tournaments]] are organized every year to youngsters to participate in [[Sport|sports]].{{cn|date=June 2022}} In addition, dog race competitions and ox race competitions are also held annually. [[Kabaddi]] is one of the oldest [[Game|games]] played here and a talented number of [[Kabaddi]] players are present in the [[village]]. While efforts have been made to encourage an interest in traditional games, some youngsters still prefer [[Cricket]] and other popular sports.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/tags/jagatpur-village|title=Jagatpur Village News Photos Videos - Rediff.com|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=2017-03-01}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.mapsofindia.com/villages/delhi/ Maps of India]

[[Category:Villages in Central Delhi district]]

Nishana (1980 film)

2026-03-03T23:56:37Z

Pendu Mania: made.

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nishana
| image = Nishana (1980 film).jpg
| caption = Theateral release poster
| director = [[K. Raghavendra Rao]]
| producer = M. Arjuna Raju A. S. R. Anjineelu
| writer = Chanrandas Shokh {{small|(dialogues)}}
| screenplay = K. Raghavendra Rao
| story = [[Jandhyala]]
| based_on = ''[[Vetagadu]]'' (1979)
| starring = [[Jeetendra]] [[Poonam Dhillon]]
| music = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
| cinematography = K. S. Prakash
| editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]
| studio = Roja Movies
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1980|10|17|}}<ref name="BH">{{Cite web |title=Nishana Cast List |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/nishana-3/cast/ |access-date=16 July 2021 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=17 October 1980 |language=en}}</ref>
| runtime = 135 minutes<ref name="TVG">{{Cite web |title=Nishana |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/nishana/cast/2000312700/ |access-date=16 July 2021 |website=[[TV Guide]] |language=en}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Nishana''''' ({{translation|Target}}) is a 1980 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action film]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=1988 |title=Screen World Publication's 75 Glorious Years of Indian Cinema: Complete Filmography of All Films (silent & Hindi) Produced Between 1913–1988 |language=en |page=314 |work=Screen |publisher=Screen World Publication |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7UEAQAAIAAJ |access-date=16 July 2021}}</ref> produced by M. Arjuna Raju, A. S. R. Anjineelu under Roja Movies banner and directed by [[K. Raghavendra Rao]]. Starring [[Jeetendra]], [[Poonam Dhillon]] and music composed by [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]. The film is remake of the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Vetagadu]]'' (1979). Both the movies were made under the same banner & by the same director. The tiger sequence from this movie inspired a similar sequence in the 2010 comedy ''[[Housefull (2010 film)|Housefull]]''.<ref name="Sajid">{{Cite news |date=29 March 2010 |title=Housefull lifted a scene from The Hangover? |work=[[India Today]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/housefull-lifted-a-scene-from-the-hangover-70407-2010-03-29 |access-date=15 July 2021}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Thakur Pratap Singh and his wife Janki Devi belongs to a rich and royal dynasty. Ananda Bhupathi constructs a huge palace in the middle of a forest, next day of the palace opening ceremony ''Gruhapravesam'' their Diwanji tries to kidnap Janki Devi for an ancestral ''Rajkamal Necklace'' which is always worn by Gayatri Devi, very precious and expensive. But Janki Devi somehow escapes from him and secretly gives the necklace to an Adivasi and tells him to wear the necklace on their goddess statue and do not give it to anyone until she comes back. Surya Prakash who belongs to another royal dynasty, is a close friend to Thakur Pratap Singh tries to save Janki Devi, but he is brutally killed by Diwanji. And they create a story that Surya Prakash has taken away Janki Devi for the Rajkamal necklace. Then onward there develops a rivalry between both families. After 25 years Kavita, daughter of Thakur Pratap Singh and Raja, who is the son of Surya Prakash meet in a forest trip and falls in love with each other. But as her father learns that he is the son of Surya Prakash he disagrees with the marriage. Rest of the story is how Raja proves his father's innocence by formulating various plans.

== Cast ==
The cast is as follows:<ref name="BH" /><ref name="TVG" />
*[[Jeetendra]] as Raja
*[[Poonam Dhillon]] as Kavita
*[[Prem Chopra]] as Premee
*[[Asrani]] as Ganesh
*[[Shreeram Lagoo]] as Thakur Pratap Singh
*[[Utpal Dutt]] as Diwanji
*[[Rajendra Nath]] as Bansilal
*[[Pradeep Kumar (actor)|Pradeep Kumar]] as Surya Prakash
*[[Om Shivpuri]] as Adivasi
*[[Jayshree Gadkar]] as Janaki Devi
*[[Mohan Choti]]
*[[Jayshree T.]]

== Soundtrack ==
Lyrics: [[Anand Bakshi]]

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Kitni Dardbhari Yeh Baat Hai"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "O Gori, Sheher Ki Chhori, Chali Kahan Nakhre Se"
| [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]]
|-
| "Tip Tip Hone Lagi, Jadu Chalne Lage"
| Kishore Kumar, [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Jana, Zara Samne Aana, Main Bandh Raha Hoon Nishana"
| Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Apni Mohabbat Se Sab Log Jalte Hai"
| Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Maine Tujhe Jeet Liya, Tune Mujhe Jeet Liya"
| [[Mohammed Rafi]], Asha Bhosle
|-
|}

== Reception and legacy ==
Upon release, in November, ''[[The Telegraph (India)|Sunday]]'' reported the film to be in the third place among the biggest hits of the week.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishna |date=16 November 1980 |title=Khaas Baat |page=58 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|Sunday]] |publisher=[[ABP Group]] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99450/page/n61/mode/2up?q=nishana |access-date=16 July 2021}}</ref> According to [[Box Office India]], the final verdict of the film's box-office performance is "below average".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Box Office 1980 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=186&catName=MTk4MA== |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115225656/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=186&catName=MTk4MA== |archive-date=15 January 2013 |access-date=16 July 2021 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> The film was touted by the same newspaper to be among a new wave of Hindi films made by filmmakers from South India, which "revitalised the production of Hindi extravaganzas at Madras".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saari |first=Anil |date=28 December 1980 |title=Big boya take a big beating |pages=34–35 |work=Sunday |publisher=ABP Group |issue=21 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99450/page/n373/mode/2up?q=nishana |access-date=16 July 2021}}</ref> ''Film World'' magazine was critical of the pairing between Jeetendra and Dhillon and warned the latter that "One more film like ''Nishana'' and there you will be in the dumps".<ref>{{Cite news |date=1983 |title=Nishana |page=15 |work=Film World |publisher=T.M. Ramachandran |issue=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EZFTAAAAYAAJ |access-date=16 July 2021 |quote=You look almost the same in all your films and, I fear, you are getting stale. One more film like Nishana and there you will be in the dumps. Never again pair yourself with an elderly hero...}}</ref> Author Manisha Mishra accused the film of [[Discrimination based on skin color|colourism]] in a 2021 research paper.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mishara |first=Manisha |url=https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67250260/COLONIALISM_AND_POSTCOLONIALISM_LITERATURE_JOYDEV_MAITY-with-cover-page-v2.pdf?Expires=1626350790&Signature=bp5ePWXLQmqitLT92kgo86dHofDDqb6hCRGQKMwckObG2S9JQ~4LrFvTPhDo4KvA8TEL8bZMf0O-PV-nzE8Otgvd1vXytoD6U6OObCB-lrMiOx3V0auIAdcnC~JFKGkaDW8eZVLnvs3Pja4bnH53pAt2jKOJQD9Jh77rFEH9RibbqbpSIjdHFvGmrH80jaj2gI3-xTswOeMmxKK-oLyfpPC2seJea6ri8gcupAIoFDVitUGmAcwogIoWWRtqfD7IEFdiY1kTICgtSjMlVpZDqeJixnDRJ~Y2uoI8RGotrWZJoSvw6tNRgaElGYvOLQWOP5~go58o6YYfTMGALwgNww__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA#page=150 |title=Colonial and Postcolonial Literature- Discourses, Disruptions and Intersections |date=2021 |publisher=Authors Press |editor-last=Maity |editor-first=Joydev |location=New Delhi |pages=150–158 |chapter=23: Postcolonial Hangover: Obsession of Fair Skin in Bollywood Songs |editor-last2=Dey |editor-first2=Sayan}}</ref>

Film director [[Sajid Khan (director)|Sajid Khan]] said that the film "has stayed with me for three decades now", and that it subconsciously inspired him while writing the script of the 2010 comedy ''[[Housefull (2010 film)|Housefull]]''.<ref name="Sajid" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{K. Raghavendra Rao}}

[[Category:1980 action films]]
[[Category:1980 films]]
[[Category:1980 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Raghavendra Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
[[Category:Films set in forests]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:1980s masala films]]

{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Tahqiqaat

2026-03-03T23:44:49Z

Pendu Mania: enhanced details also and cleaned formatting

{{short description|1993 film by A. Jagannathan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Tahqiqaat
| image = Tahqiqaat (1993 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = K. Pushparajan
| producer = [[K. C. Bokadia]]
| director = [[A. Jagannathan]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Jeetendra]]
*[[Aditya Pancholi]]
*[[Sangeeta Bijlani]]
*[[Ronit Roy]]
*[[Farheen]]
}}
| music = [[Anu Malik]]
| cinematography = Babu
| editing = D. N. Malik Shyam Mukherjee
| based_on = ''[[Post Mortem (1982 film)|Post Mortem]]'' (1982)
| studio = BMB Production
| released = {{film date|df=y|1993|12|03}}
| runtime = 139 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Tahqiqaat''''' ({{translation|Investigation}}) is a 1993 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[thriller film]], produced by [[K. C. Bokadia]] under the BMB Productions banner and directed by [[A. Jagannathan]]. It stars [[Jeetendra]] in a double role, with [[Aditya Pancholi]], [[Sangeeta Bijlani]], [[Ronit Roy]], [[Farheen]]. The music was composed by [[Anu Malik]]. The film is a remake of the [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Post Mortem (1982 film)|Post Mortem]]'' (1982).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arunachalam |first=Param |title=BollySwar: 1991–2000 |date=2019 |publisher=Mavrix Infotech |isbn=9788193848210 |page=424}}</ref> It was the only [[Hindi film]] directed by [[A. Jagannathan]].

== Plot ==
The film begins in a town where Father Prem Fernandes, a Catholic priest, is loved by the people. Peter is a justice-seeking ruffian who defies violations against the poor and Father strives to mitigate his situation.

Peter has a dispute with Bhanu Pratap, a millionaire and head of the town. Peter's sister Mary is in love with Ramesh, the son of Bhanu Pratap.

Ramesh goes abroad. Mary discovers she is pregnant and confesses to Father who promises to find a solution. Overhearing the conversation, Peter's girlfriend Roopa misinterprets their relationship and informs Peter. Peter revolts against Father and is arrested but manages to abscond.

The next day, the public is stunned to see Mary's dead body hanging from a tree. Assuming it is a suicide, they bury the corpse without a postmortem. However, Father suspects foul play, and approaches his twin S.P. Arun Kumar to exhume the body for a postmortem examination.

Arun discovers the Father's dead body in the coffin and begins to investigate. Peter is the main suspect. Peter learns that father is innocent through Mary's friend Mumtaz and repents. Arun horrifies the townspeople in the guise of Father's ghost to uncover the real victim. Peter spots Ramesh, who is handcuffed. Ramesh reveals that Mary was murdered.

It turns out that Bhanu Pratap had killed Mary, as he did not want his son to marry her. Fearing a postmortem, they tried to dispose of the body. When Father had witnessed this, he was murdered.

==Cast==
*[[Jeetendra]] as Father Prem Fernandes / Police Superintendent Arun Kumar (Double Role)
*[[Aditya Pancholi]] as Peter
*[[Sangeeta Bijlani]] as Roopa
*[[Ronit Roy]] as Ramesh
*[[Farheen]] as Mary
*[[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]] as Micheal
*[[Danny Denzongpa]] as Bhanupratap
*[[Satyen Kappu]] as Anthony
*[[Sameer Khakhar]] as Salim
*[[Laxmikant Berde]] as Hawaldar Sakharam Dandekar
*[[Mahesh Anand]] as Vikram
*[[Bob Christo]] as Wolcott
*[[Sulabha Arya]] as Mrs. Anthony
*[[Guddi Maruti]] as Gulabo
*Asha Sharma as Roopa's mother

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Anu Malik]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tahqiqaat |url=http://myswar.co/album/tehqiqaat-1993 |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=MySwar}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Tu Kisi Aur Se"
| [[Vinod Rathod]]
|-
| "Doob Gaye Mere"
| [[Vinod Rathod]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Na Tum Itni"
| [[Vinod Rathod]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
| "Dil Ko Bewajah"
| [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya|Abhijeet]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
| "Mujhko Mela To"
| [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|-
| "Tu Kisi Aur Se"
| [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt0448790|Tahqiqaat}}

{{A. Jagannathan}}

[[Category:1993 action films]]
[[Category:1993 films]]
[[Category:1993 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1993 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anu Malik]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:Films directed by A. Jagannathan]]
[[Category:Hindi-language action films]]

Action No. 1

2026-03-03T21:58:05Z

Pendu Mania: entry.

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image = Action No - 1.jpg
| alt =
| caption = DVD cover
| native_name = 
| director = Sagar
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogue by
| data1 = Sai Nath
}}
| writer =
| screenplay = Sagar
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Jananan Subba Rao
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Thriller Manju]]
*[[Vani Viswanath]]
*[[Ram Lakshman (stunt choreographers)|Ram Lakshman]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music =
| studio = Star Films
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2002|2|15}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Action No. 1''''' is a 2002 Indian Telugu-language action film directed by Sagar starring [[Thriller Manju]], who composed the film's stunts, [[Vani Viswanath]] and the duo [[Ram Lakshman (stunt choreographers)|Ram Lakshman]].

The film features no songs and was released to mixed reviews but the action sequences were praised. The film had an average box office run.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/2002special/hitsof2002.html|title=Year 2002 Special - Hits|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=2023-12-26|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210516/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/2002special/hitsof2002.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Thriller Manju]] as Teja
*[[Vani Viswanath]] as Kiran
*[[Ram Lakshman (stunt choreographers)|Ram]] as Vikram IPS
*[[Ram Lakshman (stunt choreographers)|Lakshman]] as Dharma
*[[Satya Prakash (actor)|Satya Prakash]]
*[[Meghna Naidu]]
*Srinivas
*[[Rallapalli (actor)|Rallapalli]]
*[[Devadas Kanakala]]
*[[Prudhvi Raj]]
*[[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]] in a guest appearance
*[[Raghu Babu]] in a guest appearance
}}

== Reception ==
Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' rated the film three out of five and wrote that "This film is narrated in an interesting style, except for a climax in the end".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-actionno1.html|title=Movie review - Action No1|date=15 February 2002|last=Jeevi|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=26 December 2023|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226034442/https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-actionno1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Gudipoodi Srihari of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that "The trust is towards the action sequences. None of the cast apart from Vani Viswanath displays any histrionics. Fight composer Vijay has enough work in hand and editor speeded up the fights to unbelievable levels for thrills. There is enough in this film for action lovers".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mrg-actionno1.html|title=Treat for action lovers|work=[[The Hindu]]|last=Srihari|first=Gudipoodi|via=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=2023-12-26|archive-date=2023-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226034443/https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mrg-actionno1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mithun Verma of ''Full Hyderabad'' wrote that "Ramlaxman, those twins, are impossible to tell apart. They're like the two loaves of bread with us sandwiched between them while the director hungrily hogs on. With Vani Vishwanath and a whole lot of other masala girls in it, it was a bitter disappointment too much to swallow for a huge lot among the audience as there were no saucy rain songs. Actually no songs at all. Sorry to inform you Mr. Sagar, but your experiment has bombed pathetically".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/action-no-1/telugu/action-no-1-movie-reviews-1101-2.html|title=Action No 1 Review|last=Verma|first=Mithun|work=Full Hyderabad|access-date=2023-12-26|archive-date=2023-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226034443/https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/action-no-1/telugu/action-no-1-movie-reviews-1101-2.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|4425230}}

[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:2002 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2002 Indian films]]

Kothalavadi

2026-03-03T12:14:07Z

Pendu Mania: Creating pg

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kothalavadi
| image = Kothalavadi.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Sriraj
| writer = Sriraj
| producer = Pushpa Arunkumar
| starring = {{ubl|[[Pruthvi Ambaar]]|Kavya Shaiva}}
| cinematography =
| editing = Ramisetty Pavan
| music = '''Songs:''' Vikas Vasishta Abhinandan Kashyap '''Score:''' Abhinandan Kashyap
| studio = KRG Studios
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|8|1}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Kothalavadi''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action drama]] film written and directed by Sriraj. The film stars [[Pruthvi Ambaar]] and Kavya Shaiva. The film was released on 1 August 2025 to mixed reviews. The film faced multiple controversies after its release and became a topic among media.

== Plot ==
Set in the drought-stricken village of Kothalavadi, nestled on the banks of the Cauvery River, the film explores how poverty and desperation push an entire community into moral compromise. The villagers, crushed under mounting debts and repeated crop failures, have mortgaged their lands to Lagori Babu (Chethan Gandharva), a ruthless moneylender who thrives on their misery. Amid this bleak scenario, Gujari Babu (Gopal Krishna Deshpande), a cunning scrap dealer with political ambitions, enters the scene. He convinces the villagers that the sand from their river belongs to them, not the government, and lures them into illegal sand mining, promising quick wealth and liberation from debt.

At the heart of the story is Mohana (Pruthvi Ambaar), a daily wage worker and orphan who dreams of a modest life with Manji (Kavya Shaiva), an Anganwadi teacher. Initially reluctant, Mohana becomes Gujari Babu’s trusted aide, drawn into the vortex of greed and violence. As the mining operation expands, tensions escalate between the villagers and law enforcement. A violent clash occurs when a police team led by Inspector (Bala Rajwadi) raids a dredging site, leaving several officers injured. This prompts Superintendent of Police Parashuram (Rajesh Nataranga) and Commissioner Ananta Padmanabha (Avinash) to intervene, attempting to educate the villagers about the environmental and legal consequences of their actions.

Meanwhile, political stakes rise as Malini Thamanna (Manasi Sudhir), backed by a major party, challenges Gujari Babu’s dominance, turning the village into a battleground of ambition and survival. Mohana, torn between loyalty to Babu and love for Manji, begins to question his choices as blood is spilled and tragedy looms. The narrative culminates in a tense showdown where greed, betrayal, and power collide, forcing the villagers to confront a stark choice: break free from exploitation or be consumed by it.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Pruthvi Ambaar]] as Mohana
* Gopal Krishna Deshpande as Ramesh Babu aka Gujari Babu
* [[Rajesh Nataranga]] as Superintendent of Police Parashuram
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Commissioner Ananta Padmanabha
* [[Bala Rajwadi]] as the police inspector
* Kavya Shaiva as Manji
* Mansi Sudhir as Malini Thamanna
* Raghu Ramanakoppa
* Chethan Gandarva as Lagori Babu
}}

== Soundtrack ==
{{Track listing
| all_music = Vikas Vasishta, except where noted.
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Mungaru Maleyemba
| length1 = 2:45
| lyrics1 = Pramod Maravanthe
| extra1 = Nishan Rai, Sunidhi Ganesh
| title2 = Kothalavadi Title Track
| length2 = 2:38
| lyrics2 = Kinnal Raj
| extra2 = Vyasraj Sosale
| music2 = Abhinandan Kashyap
| title3 = Raja Neenu Rani Naanu
| length3 = 3:14
| lyrics3 = Ghous Peer
| extra3 = Nishan Rai, Surabhi Bharadwaj
| title4 = Hane Baraha
| length4 = 2:40
| lyrics4 = Kinnal Raj
| extra4 = Siddarth Belmannu
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "on the whole, the movie is worth a watch".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-kothalavadi-kannada-review-tale-of-hapless-villagers-vs-sand-mafia/articleshow/123068420.cms|title=Movie Kothalavadi (Kannada) Review: Tale of hapless villagers vs. sand mafia|website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref> Susmita Sameera of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film the same rating and wrote, "With powerful performances and technically grand execution, it impresses on several fronts. However, the lack of a compelling story and finesse in the screenplay holds it back from making a deeper impact".<ref>
{{Cite web |date=1 August 2025 |title=Kothalavadi Movie Review: Well-Meant, Well-Made, Though Not Flawless |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kothalavadi-well-meant-well-made-though-not-flawless/movie-review/123035389.cms |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=M.V |first=Vivek |date=3 August 2025 |title='Kothalavadi' movie review: A bland village drama with a superb Gopalkrishna Deshpande |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kothalavadi-movie-review-goplakrishna-deshpande-pruthvi-ambaar-yash-mother-pushpa/article69889493.ece |website=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2025/Aug/01/kothalavadi-movie-review-a-rural-fable-burdened-by-its-subplots|title=Kothalavadi Movie Review: A rural fable burdened by its subplots|first=A.|last=Sharadhaa|date=1 August 2025|website=Cinema Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/kothalavadi-review-oldschool-screenplay-weighs-down-an-interesting-village-drama-2764773-2025-08-01|title=Kothalavadi review: Old-school screenplay weighs down an interesting village drama|first=Sanjay|last=Ponnappa|date=1 August 2025|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2025 |title=Kannada Film Verdict: Kothalavadi Lacks Focus Despite Masala Mix |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/kothalavadi-movie-review-a-banal-humdrum-effort-3661960 |website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
''Kothalavadi'' faced multiple controversies after its release in 2025. These disputes involved allegations of non-payment, legal complaints, and financial fraud, drawing significant attention from the Kannada film industry and media.

=== Non-Payment Allegations ===
Several supporting actors, including Mahesh Guru and Swarnalatha, accused the production team of failing to pay their agreed remuneration. Mahesh Guru claimed he worked for three months, completed dubbing, and participated in promotions without receiving any payment. Swarnalatha alleged she was promised ₹48,000 but received only ₹35,000 after repeated follow-ups. These revelations sparked debates about transparency and fair treatment of supporting artists in the industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Sep/17/kannadanews2025sep16kothalavadi-faces-pay-dispute-with-supporting-actor-claims-unpaid-dues-after-release|title=Kothalavadi faces pay dispute, with supporting actor claims unpaid dues after release|work=The New Indian Express|date=17 September 2025}}</ref>

=== Viral Video and Industry Backlash ===
Mahesh Guru’s video detailing his ordeal went viral on social media, amplifying the controversy. He accused the production team of ignoring calls and excluding him from promotional events. The video highlighted systemic issues regarding accountability and respect for theatre artists transitioning to cinema.

=== Legal Complaints and Defamation ===
In response to the allegations, director Sriraj filed a defamation complaint against Swarnalatha, claiming her statements damaged his reputation and that of the production house. A non-cognizable report (NCR) was registered at Talaghattapura Police Station, indicating the dispute could escalate into a legal battle.

=== Fraud Allegations Against Promoter ===
In Mid-November 2025, producer Pushpa Arun Kumar lodged a police complaint against promoter Harish Arasu, accusing him of cheating her out of approximately ₹65 lakh allocated for film promotions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/pushpalatha-alleges-rs-65-lakh-fraud-film-promoter-harish-arasu-kothalavadi-promotion-2822537-2025-11-19|title=Actor Yash's mother alleges Rs 65 lakh fraud by film promoter, files complaint|work=India Today|date=19 November 2025}}</ref> She alleged that despite receiving substantial funds, Harish failed to deliver promised publicity, forcing actor Yash to personally fund trailer promotions. The FIR includes charges of cheating, criminal intimidation, and defamation

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|36997822}}

[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2025 action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films set in Karnataka]]

Singappenney (film)

2026-03-03T02:25:22Z

Pendu Mania: stub...

{{Short description|2024 Tamil-language Indian sports drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Singappenney
| image = Singappenney (film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = JSB Sathish
| writer = JSB Sathish
| producer = JSB Sathish
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogue by
| data1 = [[Kabilan Vairamuthu]]
}}
| starring = [[Shilpa Manjunath]] Aarthi Saravana Kumar
| cinematography = [[N. K. Ekambaram]]
| editing = [[Praveen K. L.]]
| music = Kumaran Sivamani
| studio = JSB Film Studios
| runtime =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|03|08}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Singappenney ''''' ({{Translation|Lioness}}) is a 2024 Tamil-language Indian [[sports drama]] film directed by JSB Sathish and starring [[Shilpa Manjunath]] and Aarthi Saravana Kumar. The title of the film is based on [[Singappenney (song)|a song from]] ''[[Bigil]]''.

==Plot==
This is a story about Shalini a PT master who aims to make her students sports champions.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Shilpa Manjunath]] as Shalini
*Aarthi Saravana Kumar as Thenmozhi
*[[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]]
*[[Prem Kumar (Tamil actor)|Prem Kumar]]
*M. N. Dipak Nambiar
*[[Sendrayan]]
*Madhavi Latha
*[[Samuthirakani]] in a special appearance
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by Kumaran Sivamani.
{{Track listing
| headline = Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Ezhundhu Vaa<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ezhundhu Vaa - Lyrical | Singappenney | Anirudh Ravichander, Arivu | Kumaran Sivamani|Shilpa, Aarthi |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gsfsFnLQnxs |via=YouTube}}</ref>
| lyrics1 = [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]]
| extra1 = [[Anirudh Ravichander]], [[Arivu]]
| length1 = 4:05
| title2 = Idha Thane Ethir Paathen<ref>{{Cite web |title=Theiya Vacha Veragu |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmKDrBdKjqg |via=YouTube}}</ref>
| lyrics2 = Kutti Revathi
| extra2 = [[Shakthisree Gopalan]]
| length2 = 3:03
| title3 = Akini Pachi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akini Pachi |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pB_LAO-7DAU |via=YouTube}}</ref>
| lyrics3 = A. P. Raja
| extra3 = Rakshita Suresh, [[Super Singer 10|Padmaja Sreenivasan]], Dakshita Suresh Permal
| length3 = 3:34
| title4 = Kanne Yen Kaniyee<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanne Yen Kaniyee |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z5l5GmuvKZQ |via=YouTube}}</ref>
| lyrics4 = Ranj, Arivu
| extra4 = Arivu, Ranj
| length4 = 3:11
| title5 = Adanga Sirikki<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adanga Sirikki - Full Video | Singappenney | Aarthi | Senthil Ganesh, Rajalakshmi | Kumaran Sivamani |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMoBHVieFGA |via=YouTube}}</ref>
| lyrics5 = [[Senthil Ganesh]], Rajalakshmi Senthil Ganesh
| extra5 = Senthil Ganesh, Rajalakshmi Senthil Ganesh
| length5 = 4:01
| total_length = 17:54
}}

== Reception ==
''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote that "''Singappenney'' is a good watch and is made with good intentions. There are numerous scenes and dialogues in the film about empowering women, but none of them come across as if they have been added just for the sake of being woke".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Radhakrishnan |first=Roopa |date=9 March 2024 |title=Singappenney Movie Review : An authentic and well-intentioned film that triumphs in its portrayal of sports |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/singappenney/movie-review/108346642.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309120926/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/singappenney/movie-review/108346642.cms |archive-date=2024-03-09 |access-date=2024-03-11 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Times Now]]'' gave the film the same rating and wrote that "Underdog stories are not new to Tamil cinema. Especially, if they are well-executed, they never fail to strike a chord with audiences. Singappenney is one such underdog story peppered with moments written with the intention of inspiring motivation and works for the most part".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Panikker |first=Rohit |date=9 March 2024 |title=Singapenney Review: An Honest, Straightforward Story With No Unnecessary Frills |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/singapenney-review-an-honest-straightforward-story-with-no-unnecessary-frills-review-108341492 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310013309/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/singapenney-review-an-honest-straightforward-story-with-no-unnecessary-frills-review-108341492 |archive-date=2024-03-10 |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|29959201}}

[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2020s sports drama films]]
[[Category:2024 sports films]]
[[Category:Indian sports drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language sports drama films]]

{{2020s-Tamil-film-stub}}

Vima Kadphises

2026-02-26T05:21:25Z

Pendu Mania: page updated

{{Short description|2nd century Kushan emperor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox monarch
| name = Vima Kadphises
| title = [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] emperor
| image = Double stater Vima Kadphises Guimet MG24356 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Double stater of Vima Kadphises. ''Obverse'': diademed and crowned figure of Vima Kadphises seated facing on stool with ornate legs, head left, feet on footstool, holding laurel branch in raised right hand. Corrupted Greek language legend: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΟΟΗΜΟ ΚΑΔΦΙϹΗϹ ("Basileus Ooimo Kadphisis"): "King Vima Kadphises". [[Afghanistan]]. [[Guimet Museum]], MG24356
| reign = 113–127 CE
| coronation =
| full name =
| predecessor = [[Vima Takto]]
| successor = [[Kanishka]]
| Religion =
| spouse =
| issue =
| royal house =
| religion = [[Shaivism]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=McLaughlin |first1=Raoul |title=The Roman Empire and the Silk Routes|date=11 November 2016 |publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=978-1-4738-8981-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CyZDDQAAQBAJ&dq=vima+kadphises+was+hindu&pg=PT90 |language=en|quote=Evidence from coin issues suggests that the Kushan King Vima Kadphises (AD 100–127) was a devotee of a Hindu sect called Shaivism that celebrated Shiva as the Supreme Being. His coins proclaim him as a 'Worshipper of Shiva' and a Kharostani inscription found near Mat, close to the city of Mathura in northern India, commemorates the king as "steadfast in the true law and on account of his devotion, receiving the kingdom from Shiva}}</ref>
| dynasty = [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]]
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| burial_date =
| burial_place =
}}
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| header = Statue of Vima Kadphises
| total_width = 265
| image1 = Vima Kadphises statue Mathura Museum.jpg
| image2 = Vima Kadphises inscription.jpg
| footer = Vima Kadphises (or possibly [[Vima Takto]])<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Revire |first1=Nicolas |title=Kinsman of the Sun: An Early Buddha Image in the Asian Art Museum, Berlin, and Solar Symbolism |journal=Indo-Asiatische Zeitschrift |volume=20-21 |pages=3–14 [9] |date=January 2017 |url=https://www.academia.edu/35217420 |language=en}}</ref> on throne. The name of the ruler is mentioned in an epigraphic inscription at the feet of the statue. The inscription reads:{{center| ''Maharaja rajatiraja devaputra'' 
''Kushanaputra (Shahi Vamataksha) masya'' 
''Vakanapatina Huma (devakulu) karita'' 
''Arama pushkarini udapana (cha) sa-da (kothako)''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Banerjee |first1=Gauranga Nath |title=Hellenism in ancient India |date=1920 |publisher=Calcutta : Published by the Author ; New York : Oxford University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/hellenisminancie00bane/page/92 92] |url=https://archive.org/details/hellenisminancie00bane}}</ref>}} [[Mathura Museum]].
}}
'''Vima Kadphises''' ([[Greek alphabet|Greek]]: Οοημο Καδφιϲηϲ ''Ooēmo Kadphisēs'' (epigraphic); [[Kharosthi]]: '''𐨬𐨁𐨨 𐨐𐨫𐨿𐨤𐨁𐨭''' ''{{IAST|Vi-ma Ka-lpi-śa}}'', ''{{IAST|Vima Kalpiśa}}'') was a [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] emperor from approximately 113 to 127 CE. According to the [[Rabatak inscription]], he was the son of [[Vima Takto]] and the father of [[Kanishka]].

==Rule==

=== Genealogy ===
The connection of Vima Kadphises with other Kushan rulers is described in the [[Rabatak inscription]], which [[Kanishka]] wrote. Kanishka makes the list of the kings who ruled up to his time: [[Kujula Kadphises]] as his great-grandfather, [[Vima Taktu]] as his grandfather, Vima Kadphises as his father, and himself Kanishka:

"... for King Kujula Kadphises (his) great grandfather, and for King Vima Taktu (his) grandfather, and for King Vima Kadphises (his) father, and *also for himself, King Kanishka" (Cribb and Sims-Williams 1995/6: 80)
Emperor Vima Kadphises expanded the Kushan territory in [[Afghanistan]] and north-west [[India]], where he may have replaced the [[Indo-Scythian]] ruler [[Sodasa]] in [[Mathura]].

== Coins ==
{{Kushan rulers}}
He was the Kushan emperor to first introduce gold coinage, in addition to the existing copper and silver coinage. Most of the gold seems to have been obtained through trade with the [[Roman Empire]]. The gold weight standard of approximately eight grams corresponds to that of Roman coins of the 1st century. Gold bullion from Rome would be melted and used for the Kushan mints, into three denominations: the double stater, the stater, and the quarter starter (or dinara).{{Dubious|date=April 2010}}

The usage of gold testifies to the prosperity of the Kushan Empire from the time of Vima, being the center of trade between the [[Han dynasty]] of [[China]] (where Vima was known as 阎膏珍), [[Central Asia]] and [[Alexandria]] and [[Antioch]] in the West. The Kushan were able to maintain and protect the [[Silk Road]], allowing [[silk]], [[spices]], [[textiles]] or [[medicine]]{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} to move between China, India and the West. In particular, many goods {{Vague|date=April 2010}} were sent by ship to the Roman empire, creating a return flow of gold coins, Greek wine and slaves. Works of arts were also imported from all directions{{Where|date=July 2011}} {{Vague|date=April 2010}}, as indicated by the variety and quality of the artefacts {{Vague|date=April 2010}} found in the Kushan summer capital of [[Bagram]] in Afghanistan. A strong artistic syncretism was stimulated, as indicated by the [[Greco-Buddhist art]] of [[Gandhara]].{{fact|date=August 2024}}

Roman history relates the visit of ambassadors from the Indian kings to the court of [[Trajan]] (98–117 CE), bearing presents and letters in Greek, which were sent either by Vima Kadphises or his son Kanishka.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

Most of Vima's coins feature the Buddhist symbol of the [[Triratana]] on the reverse (or possibly Shiva's symbol for [[Nandi bull|Nandi]], the Nandipada), together with [[Hindu]] representations of [[Shiva]], with or without his bull. Often time, a [[Trishula|Trishul]] is depicted along with [[Shiva]].{{fact|date=August 2024}}

{{multiple image|perrow = 2|total_width = 600|caption_align = center
| align = center
| direction = horizontal
| header = Major coin legends of Vima Kadphises
| image1 = Vima Kadphises with ithyphallic Shiva.jpg
| caption1 = Vima Kadphises with [[Shiva]]. '''Obv:''' Bust of king emerging from a cloud, with a crested helmet and holding a club. Corrupted Greek language legend: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΟΟΗΜΟ ΚΑΔΦΙΣΗΣ ("Basileus Ooimo Kadphisis"): "King Vima Kadphises". 
'''Rev:''' [[Shiva]], with a long trident in right hand, and the skin of a tiger in the left. Left, monogram of Vima Kadphises. Right: Buddhist [[triratna]] symbol (or possibly Nandipada). [[Kharoshthi]] legend: MAHARAJASA RAJADIRAJASA SARVALOGA ISVARASA MAHISVARASA VIMA KATHPHISASA TRADARA "The Great king, the king of kings, lord of the World, the Mahisvara (lord of the earth), Vima Kathphisa, the defender."
| image2 = WimaKadphisesCoin.jpg
| caption2 = Vima Kadphises in long coat. Legend in corrupted Greek script: ΒΑϹΙΛΕΥϹ BACIΛEWN CWTHP MEΓAC ΟΟΗΜΟ ΚΑΔΦΙϹΗϹ ("Basileus Basileuon Soter Megas Ooemo Kadphises"): "King of Kings Vima Kadphises the Great Saviour". [[British Museum]].
| footer =
}}

==Coin types==
<gallery widths=180>
File:Bronze coin of Wima Kadphises found in Khotan.jpg|Bronze coin of Wima Kadphises with [[camel]], found in [[Khotan]].
File:India, Mathura, Kushan Period - Vima Kadphises - 1999.225 - Cleveland Museum of Art.jpg|Coin of the Kushan empire, king Vima Kadphises, Cleveland Museum of Art
Image:WimaKadphisesCoinage.JPG|Coin of Wima.
Image:WimaKadphises.JPG|Coin of Wima.
Image:Plate XX Vima Kadphises.jpg|Vima in heavy coat, sitting cross-legged on a low couch.
Image:Plate XX-Vima.jpg|Vima riding a chariot.
Image:Vima31.jpg|Vima seated on a throne, holding a thunderbolt.
Image:Vima33.jpg|Bust of Vima, holding a club.
Image:Vima34.jpg|Diademed head of Vima within a frame, trident battleaxe on reverse.
Image:Vima36.jpg|Vima standing, making an offering over a small altar. Imperial title in Greek: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΣΩΤΗΡ ΜΕΓΑΣ ΟΟΗΜΟ ΚΑΔΦΙΣΗΣ
File:Monnaie Kadphisès II, droit.jpg
File:Monnaie Kadphisès II, revers.jpg
</gallery>

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*Hill, John E. (2009) ''Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE''. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. {{ISBN|978-1-4392-2134-1}}.
* Tarn, W. W. (1951). ''The Greeks in Bactria and India''. 3rd Edition 1984. Ares Publishers, Chicago. {{ISBN|0-89005-524-6}}

==External links==
*[http://www.coinarchives.com/a/results.php?results=100&search=Vima+AND+Kadphises Coins of Vima Kadphises]
*[http://coinindia.com/galleries-vima-kadphises.html Catalogue of coins of Vima Kadphises]

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Vima Takto]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Kushan Empire|Kushan Ruler]]|years=90 – 100 CE}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Kanishka]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Kushans}}

[[Category:Kushan emperors]]
[[Category:2nd-century monarchs in Asia]]

Cupressus torulosa

2026-02-22T20:45:28Z

Pendu Mania: added structure to improve readability and improved wording for clarity

{{Short description|Species of conifer}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Himalayan cypress
| image = Cupressus torulosa Manali-Leh.jpg
| image_caption = By Manali-Leh Highway, [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Qin, H.-n. |author2=Christian, T. |author3=Zhang, D |date=2013 |title=''Cupressus torulosa'' |volume=2013 |article-number=e.T191576A1989653 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T191576A1989653.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Cupressus
| species = torulosa
| authority = [[David Don|D.Don]] ex [[Aylmer Bourke Lambert|Lamb.]]<ref name=WCSP>{{cite web |url=http://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=383261 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111160321/https://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=383261 |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 11, 2019 |title=''Cupressus torulosa'' |work=[[World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]] (WCSP) |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] }}</ref>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=WCSP/>
| synonyms =
*''Athrotaxis joucadan'' {{Au|[[Elie-Abel Carrière|Carrière]]}}
*''Cupressus balfouriana'' {{Au|[[William Bull (botanist)|W.Bull]]}}
*''Cupressus doniana'' {{Au|[[Joseph Dalton Hooker|Hook.f.]]}}
*''Cupressus karnaliensis'' {{Au|[[John Silba|Silba]]}}
*''Cupressus majestica'' {{Au|[[Joseph Knight (horticulturist)|Knight]]}}
*''Cupressus nepalensis'' {{Au|[[John Claudius Loudon|Loudon]]}}
*''Cupressus tournefortii'' {{Au|[[Michele Tenore|Ten.]]}}
*''Thuja curviramea'' {{Au|[[Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel|Miq.]]}}
}}
[[File:2021-11-09T15 28 31+01 00a.jpg|thumb|In [[Botanical Garden of Valencia]], Spain]]
'''''Cupressus torulosa''''', commonly known as the '''Himalayan cypress''' or '''Bhutan cypress''', is a [[species]] of [[Cupressus|cypress]] tree native to the mountainous northern regions of the [[Indian subcontinent]], in the western [[Himalayas]].<ref name=conifers.org>{{Gymnosperm Database |family=Cupressaceae |genus=Cupressus |species=torulosa |access-date=16 March 2013}}</ref>

==Description==
It is a medium to extremely large tree, typically growing up to {{cvt|45|m|-1}} in height.<ref name=FoC>{{eFloras|2|200005422|Cupressus torulosa |first1=Liguo |last1=Fu |first2=Yong-fu |last2=Yu |first3=Robert P. |last3=Adams |first4=Aljos |last4=Farjon |volume=4 |access-date=16 March 2013}}</ref>

==Distribution==
''Cupressus torulosa'' is an evergreen [[conifer]] tree species found on [[limestone]] terrain in the western Himalaya at {{cvt|300|-|2800|m|ft|-2}}.<ref name=conifers.org/><ref name=FoC/> Information on its distribution further east is conflicting. It may occur in [[Vietnam]].<ref name=conifers.org/> However, according to ''Conifers of Vietnam'', only cultivated forms exist there.<ref name=vietnam>{{Cite book| isbn = 1-872291-64-3| last = Luu| first = Nguyen Duc To| author2 = Philip Ian Thomas| title = Conifers of Vietnam| date = 2004| url = http://www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/bm/conifer_manual.html| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070519165835/http://www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/bm/conifer_manual.html| archive-date = 2007-05-19}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|position=left|Cupressus torulosa}}

{{Clear}}
{{Cupressaceae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1619002}}

[[Category:Cupressus|torulosa]]
[[Category:Flora of Nepal]]
[[Category:Flora of Tibet]]
[[Category:Flora of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Flora of West Himalaya]]
[[Category:Least concern flora of Asia]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1824]]

{{conifer-stub}}

Bodhisattava International Film Festival

2026-02-15T14:31:56Z

Pendu Mania: started some stub first draft - done

{{Short description|Annual film festival}}
{{UDP|date=September 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2024}}

{{Infobox film or theatre festival
| name = Bodhisattava International Film Festival
| image = Bodhisattava_International_Film_Festival.jpg
| caption = Logo of BIFF 2017
| opening = 2016
| closing =
| awardsreceived =
| awardsgiven =
| films =
| directors =
| producers =
| writers =
| starring =
| host = Grameen Sneh Foundation
| date = February
| number =
| location = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| awards =
| founded = [[2016 in film|2016]]
| language = International
| website = {{url|http://www.biffindia.com}}
}}

'''Bodhisattava International Film Festival''' ('''BIFF''') is an annual film event held in [[Patna]], [[Bihar]]. The first edition of this film festival was held in February, 2016. Bodhisattava International Film Festival (BIFF) is organised by Grameen Sneh Foundation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/bodhisattva-international-film-festival-begins-in-bihar-117021601360_1.html|title=Bodhisattva International Film Festival begins in Bihar|last=IANS|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=16 February 2017|publisher=|via=Business Standard}}</ref>

==About BIFF==
For the first time in 2016, Bihar found a new voice, steeped in truth, with Bodhisattava International Film Festival (BIFF). The first of its kind film festival, BIFF was organised as an initiative to promote the rich culture, tradition and heritage of Bihar whilst also encouraging cultural exchanges with different regions, states and countries. In its founding year, the festival was called ‘Kala and Film Mahotsav 2016’, but has been rechristened as Bodhisattva International Film Festival. BIFF is a confluence like no other, dedicated to provide a platform for the voices of truth and change.

BIFF is part of the ‘Bihar Ek Virasat’ campaign, an initiative of the Grameen Sneh Foundation (GSF). Through this campaign, GSF aims to create awareness about the art, culture, traditions, heritage and legacy of Bihar, all around the world.

==Events==
===BIFF – 2016===
“Kala & Film Mahotsav 2016” was organised by Grameen Sneh Foundation. It was 4 days film festival where various Bollywood Actors, Actress and Dignitaries participated which was a huge success. Folk Dance, Painting & Essay competition was held in the 9 commissionaires of Bihar throughout the year which witnessed huge number of participation from people across the state & whose finale will be held in Bodhisattva International Film Festival 2017 (BIFF 2017).

===BIFF – 2017===
BIFF 2017 will be held from 16 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/news/movies/bodhisattva-international-film-festival-kicks-off-in-bihar-1349950.html|title=Bodhisattva International Film Festival Kicks Off in Bihar-News18.com|date=17 February 2017|publisher=}}</ref> to 23 February 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170224/jsp/bihar/story_137362.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827084039/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170224/jsp/bihar/story_137362.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 27, 2017|title=Happy ending for film fest with awards- City's affair with culture & tales|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/8-day-international-film-fest-from-feb-16/articleshow/56574710.cms|title=8 day international film fest from February 16 -Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=}}</ref> in Patna, Bihar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/hindi-news/entertainment-hindi/bodhisattva-international-film-festival-opens-today/|title=आज से पटना में शुरू होगा 'बोधिसत्व फिल्म महोत्सव'|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/film-fest-opens-today-102-movies-to-be-screened/articleshow/57172253.cms|title=Film fest opens today, 102 movies to be screened - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=}}</ref> The venue for the Film Festival would be the grand Adhiveshan Bhawan in the Secretariat campus. 3543 Films from 122 countries have been received as entries to the festival under Feature film, Documentaries and Shorts categories. From which more than 150 movies to be screened and most of the films are from India, Iran, USA, France, Italy, Spain, U.K., Turkey, Russia, Brazil, Germany, Argentina, Bangladesh, Canada, Portugal, Austria, Maxico, Poland Australia, Indonesia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/bihar/patna/international-bodhisattva-film-festival-in-patna/articleshow/56967906.cms|title=पटना में इंटरनैशनल बोधिसत्व फिल्म फेस्टिवल, पहुंचेंगे बॉलिवुड-हॉलिवुड स्टार्स-Navbharat Times|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bollywoodhelpline.com/news-gossips/filmy-buzz/bodhisattva-international-film-festival-biff-inaugurated-by-shatrughan-sinha-sharda-sinha-famous/40075|title = Bodhisattva International Film Festival (BIFF) inaugurated by Shatrughan Sinha, Sharda Sinha (Famous Singer) and Akhilendra Mishra}}</ref> etc. And many small countries are participating for the first time in such kind of festival.<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/nana-patekar-to-get-lifetime-achievement-award-4521125/|title=Nana Patekar to get Lifetime Achievement Award|date=12 February 2017|publisher=}}</ref>

Bodhisattva Voice of Change – Lifetime Achievement Award is going to [[Nana Patekar]] for his contribution to Indian cinema and dedication in the field of social work and responsibility.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bollywood/bollywood-actor-nana-patekar-to-get-lifetime-achievement-award-946249.html|title=नाना पाटेकर को मिलेगा लाइफटाइम अचीवमेंट अवॉर्ड-News 18|date=13 February 2017|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/nana-patekar-to-get-lifetime-achievement-award/articleshow/57112883.cms|title=Nana Patekar to get Lifetime Achievement Award - Bangalore Mirror -|publisher=|access-date=2017-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220120436/http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/nana-patekar-to-get-lifetime-achievement-award/articleshow/57112883.cms|archive-date=2017-02-20|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==About Grameen Sneh Foundation==
Grameen Sneh Foundation (GSF) is a national level NGO established in the year 2009 with a zealous endeavour of striving endlessly towards the welfare of poor people underprivileged cancer patients, without distinction of caste or religion. GSF’s mission is to provide improved quality of life to every individual through sustained change in their social, physical, economical status with special emphasis on the rural people and most vulnerable section of the society like women, children and elder people.

==See also==
*[[Dalit Film and Cultural Festival]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|www.biffindia.com}}

[[Category:Film festivals in India]]

Salampore

2026-02-04T13:02:02Z

Pendu Mania: new

{{Short description|Kind of cotton cloth produced in India}}
'''Salampore''' (salempore) was a kind of [[cotton]] cloth produced in [[India]]. It had been in use since the 17th century and was exported to [[Europe]] and [[Africa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Montgomery|first=Florence M.|url=http://archive.org/details/textilesinameric00mont|title=Textiles in America 1650-1870 : a dictionary based on original documents, prints and paintings, commercial records, American merchants' papers, shopkeepers' advertisements, and pattern books with original swatches of cloth|date=1984|publisher=New York; London : Norton|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-393-01703-8|pages=339}}</ref><ref name=":1"><nowiki>''</nowiki>There were three staple varieties of cotton cloth manufactured in Coromandel - longcloth, salempores and moris . These three varieties accounted for by far the largest volume of export and were extensively woven in looms from North to South ...<nowiki>''</nowiki>

[https://books.google.com/books?id=QbiGAAAAIAAJ&q=Salempore+cotton Merchants, Companies, and Commerce on the Coromandel Coast Page 98]

[https://books.google.com/books?id=QbiGAAAAIAAJ&q=Salempore+cotton Sinnappah Arasaratnam, Professor and Head of Department of History Sinnappah Arasaratnam, Maritime History Scholar and Professor of Indian History S Arasaratnam · 1986]</ref>

== Exports ==
Salempores was part of a varied collection of cloths such as [[Longcloth|long cloth]], moris, and cloth with gold thread exported to various foreign locations like Bantam, Manila, and London from the [[Coromandel Coast]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=V|first=Sriram|date=2012-08-19|title=When cloth maketh a city|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/when-cloth-maketh-a-city/article3792732.ece|access-date=2021-05-10|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Wellington|first=Donald C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0dkVAQAAMAAJ&q=Moris+cloth|title=French East India Companies: A Historical Account and Record of Trade|date=2006|publisher=Hamilton Books|isbn=978-0-7618-3475-5|pages=223|language=en}}</ref> It was also exported to Africa and [[South America]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Definition of SALAMPORE|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/salampore|access-date=2021-05-10|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Production ==
Salampore was produced at various locations of India from north to down south.<ref name=":1" />

=== Pattern ===
It was a colored [[woven]] cloth with [[Stripe (pattern)|stripe]] and [[Check (pattern)|check]] designs.<ref name=":2" /> Few sources also describe it as broad white or blue cotton fabric.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Salempore - definition - Encyclo|url=http://www.encyclo.co.uk/meaning-of-salempore|access-date=2021-05-10|website=www.encyclo.co.uk}}</ref>

=== Cloth for slaves ===
It was also called a cloth for slaves, mainly the blue cotton cloth made from [[Nellore]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Menezes |first=Mary Noel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ReEdAAAAMAAJ&q=Salempore+cotton |title=British Policy Towards the Amerindians in British Guiana, 1803-1873 |date=1977 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-821567-7 |language=en}}
</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=SAMA|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=60Q7AQAAIAAJ&q=Salempore+cotton|title=Bulletin|date=1974|pages=290|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Tattersfield|first=Nigel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rTUxtBg34BoC&q=Salempore+cotton&pg=PT454|title=The Forgotten Trade: Comprising the Log of the Daniel and Henry of 1700 and Accounts of the Slave Trade From the Minor Ports of England 1698-1725|date=2011-05-31|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-4464-7567-6|language=en}}</ref>

=== Dimensions ===
The usual dimensions of Salampore were 16X1 yards.<ref name=":0" /> Salampore was coarser and had fewer threads than [[Punjum]]. It was also half the length of the Punjum..<ref>{{Cite book|last=Milburn|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1bFLAAAAYAAJ&dq=Punjum+cloth&pg=PA45|title=Oriental Commerce: Containing a Geographical Description of the Principal Places in the East Indies, China, and Japan, with Their Produce, Manufactures, and Trade|date=1813|publisher=Black, Parry & Company|pages=45|language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Khadi]]

* [[Piece goods]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Textiles]]
[[Category:Cotton]]

Rakesh Singh Malhan

2026-02-03T08:06:48Z

Pendu Mania: stub

{{Short description|Indian Army officer (1970–1992)}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Second Lieutenant]]
| name = Rakesh Singh Malhan
| honorific_suffix = [[Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|AC]]
| image = Second Lieutenant Rakesh Singh.jpg
| image_size = 250 px
| caption = Portrait of 2nd Lt Rakesh Singh
| birth_date = {{birth date |1970|09|18}}
| death_date = {{death date and age |1992|12|05|1970|09|18}}
| birth_place = [[Chandigarh]], [[India]]
| death_place = [[Shopian]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]
| allegiance = {{Flag|India}}
| branch = {{Army| India}}
| serviceyears =
| rank = [[File:Second_Lieutenant of the Indian Army.svg|25px]] [[Second Lieutenant]]
| servicenumber = IC-51242I
| unit = [[The Grenadiers|22 Grenadiers]]
| awards = [[File:Ashoka Chakra ribbon.svg|25px]] [[Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|Ashoka Chakra]]
}}

[[Second lieutenant|Second Lieutenant]] '''Rakesh Singh''' (18 September 1970 – 5 December 1992) was an [[Indian Army]] officer, awarded the [[Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|Ashoka Chakra]], India's highest peacetime military decoration. His parental village is Subana which is located in Jhajjar Distt of Haryana.

== Early life ==
Singh was born on 18 September 1970. His father was Col Raj Singh.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

== Military career ==
Cdt Rakesh joined the 78th course of the [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]] in 1986. He was commissioned into 22nd battalion of Grenadiers as a [[second lieutenant]] on 13 June 1992.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=2227 |date=19 December 1992|url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1992/O-0470-1992-0051-18786.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> Less than six months later, he died on 5 December 1992 at the age of 22 from injuries sustained whilst attempting to cut off the escape of eight fleeing Afghan [[Mujahadeen]] who had been flushed out during operations. Single-handedly, he managed to kill five of the Mujahadeen, but sustained injuries during the encounter and died of his injuries.

In 1993 he was awarded [[India]]'s highest peace time gallantry award, the Ashoka Chakra for his supreme sacrifice.<ref name="List">{{cite web|title=PVC & AC Awardees|url=http://nda.nic.in/awards-winners.html|website=National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla|accessdate=17 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="Detail">{{cite web|title=PVC & AC Awardees (detail) |url=http://nda.nic.in/nda-images/awardees_images/rakeshsingh.jpg|website=National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla|accessdate=17 December 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ashoka Chakra award recipients}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Rakesh}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:1992 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)]]
[[Category:Indian military personnel killed in action]]

Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church

2026-01-21T19:51:34Z

Pendu Mania:

{{Short description|Christian denomination in India}}
{{Infobox Christian denomination
| icon =
| icon_width =
| icon_alt =
| name = Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church.jpg
| imagewidth =
| alt =
| caption =
| abbreviation = JELC
| type =
| main_classification = [[Protestant]]
| orientation = [[Lutheran]]
| scripture =
| theology =[[Luther's theology]]
| polity =
| governance =JELC Central Office, Jeypore, Odisha
| structure =
| leader_title = Bishop
| leader_name = Rt.Rev.Anant Kumar Nag<ref name="LWF">{{Cite web |url=https://www.lutheranworld.org/content/jeypore-evangelical-lutheran-church |title=Lutheran World Federation, ''Member Churches - JELC'' |access-date=2019-09-02 |archive-date=2020-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125222009/https://www.lutheranworld.org/content/jeypore-evangelical-lutheran-church |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| fellowships_type =
| fellowships =
| fellowships_type1 =
| fellowships1 =
| division_type =
| division =
| division_type1 =
| division1 =
| division_type2 =
| division2 =
| division_type3 =
| division3 =
| associations =
| area = [[Odisha]]
| language =[[Odia language|Odia]]
| liturgy =Lutheran
| headquarters = [[Jeypore]] 764 001<ref name="LWF"/>
| origin_link =
| founder = {{unbulleted_list|[[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany|The Schleswig Holstein Evangelical Lutheran Mission Society of Germany (SHELM)]] [[Vikram Dev III]]}}
| founded_date = {{start_date_and_age|1909}}
| founded_place = [[Odisha]]
|recognition={{unbulleted list|[[World Council of Churches]]|[[Lutheran World Federation]]|[[National Council of Churches in India]]|[[United Evangelical Lutheran Church in India]]}}| separated_from =
| branched_from =
| merger =
| absorbed =
| separations =
| merged_into =
| defunct =
| congregations_type =
| congregations =Works predominantly in the Undivided Koraput Dist and Aruku Valley and Jagdalpur.
| members = 250,000
| ministers = More than 100
| missionaries =
| churches =
| hospitals =Christian Hospital Nabrangpur (German Hospital), Christian Hospital Bissamcuttack
| nursing_homes =Nursing college (Christian Hospital Bissamcuttack)
| aid =
| primary_schools =JELC Primary School Jeypore, Koraput, Nabrangpur, Malkagiri District
| secondary_schools =JELC High School Jeypore, Koraput, Kotpad, Nabrangpur
| tax_status =
| tertiary =
| other_names =([[German language|German]]) Jeypore Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche;

([[Latin]]) Jeypore Ecclesiae Evangelicae Lutheranae;

([[Hindi]]) जयपुर इवेंजेलिकल लूथरन चर्च;

([[Odia language|Odia]]) ଜୟପୁର ଇଭାନଜେଲିକାଲ୍ ଲୁଥେରାନ୍ ଚର୍ଚ୍ଚ
| publications =
| website =
| slogan =Thy Kingdom Come
| logo =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church''' is a major [[Lutheran]] Christian denomination in [[India]]. It was established in 1882. At that time, the founder of [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany|The Schleswig Holstein Evangelical Lutheran Mission Society of Germany (SHELM)]] in [[Germany]] was [[Pastor]] Christian Jensen, who was praying for the people of India. Pioneer missionaries Rev. Ernest Pohl and Rev. Herman Bothmann came to India and reached the [[Koraput district]] of [[Odisha]] on 31 May 1882 and started mission work.

== Foundation ==

[[File:Jeypore Church.jpg|thumb|An old picture of JEL Church]]

In late 19th century, when the missionaries arrived, they faced several challenges; one of them was laying the foundation of a church. At first, they visited the king of [[Bastar state]] in [[Jagdalpur]] to seek approval for constructing a church and preaching [[Christianity]] in the region but were denied permission for the purpose. However, they later went to the neighbouring [[Kingdom of Jeypore|Jeypore state]] which was ruled by Maharaja [[Vikram Dev III]] and he granted them the permission and a plot where accordingly, the JEL Church was constructed in 1909.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Week-long Christmas celebration begins today in Jeypore|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2018/dec/25/week-long-celebration-begins-today-1916178.html|access-date=2021-06-29|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

The Germans were able to learn the local language, culture, customs, and the traditional system of the natives. The first woman, Asimuti Behera of the village Joba under the Kotpad mission station, was baptized by the missionary Timmke on 6 December 1886. A minority of local populace also volunteered for the mission programmes.

== Service ==
Apparently, it was from Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church that [[Christianity]] spread to other parts of southern Odisha such as [[Malkangiri]], [[Nabarangpur]], and [[Rayagada]]. Subsequently, the community members set up three major Christian hospitals in [[Bissam Cuttack]], Nabarangpur, and Lamtaput in [[Koraput district]] to serve people from all religious backgrounds. The first Indian president, A. C. Kondpan, served two terms from 1954 to 1962. He was followed by the German missionaries, and then the second bishop of JELC., from 1972 to 1978. During this time, the JELC experienced a period of significant growth and progress. Kondpan was regarded as a visionary leader.

Now the church has more than 250,000 members. It has its own rules and regulations approved by IGR of Odisha, as per the society registration act of 1952, and the [[synod]] has four elected officers: [[bishop]], synod chairman, secretary, and treasurer. They serve for a term of four years. The current office holders are bishop of JELC Bidhan Kumar Nayak, synod chairman Anant Nag, secretary Praful Bhatra, and treasurer Jasbir Paul. The headquarters of JELC function in Pohl & Bhothmann Bhavan, JELC central office, pin code -764001.

Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church is associated with the [[National Council of Churches in India]], [[United Evangelical Lutheran Church in India]], [[Lutheran World Federation]], and [[World Council of Churches]].<ref name="lutheranworld1">{{cite web |url=http://www.lutheranworld.org/Directory/ASI/JeyporeEvLuthCch-EN.html |title=India |website=www.lutheranworld.org |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091116114849/http://www.lutheranworld.org/Directory/ASI/JeyporeEvLuthCch-EN.html |archive-date=16 November 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.casa-india.org/download-form2.php?form_name=488ff3b2d36f5nn.doc |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121210082258/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:XACiP6CsA6QJ:www.casa-india.org/download-form2.php?form_name%3D488ff3b2d36f5nn.doc+Jeypore+Evangelical+Lutheran+Church&cd=16&hl=de&ct=clnk&gl=de |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-12-10 |title=1 |publisher=Archive.is |date=2012-12-10 |access-date=2016-09-02 }}</ref>

JELC has its unofficial Oriya-language Lutheran Hymns Book Android App,<ref name="JELC Song APP">{{Cite web|url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.arleneandashertechnologies.jelcchurch&hl=en_IN|title = JELC Church – Apps on Google Play}}</ref> offered by Premasis Satman.

== See also ==

* [[Christianity in Odisha]]
* [[Christianity in India]]
* [[Martin Luther]]

==References==
;Notes
{{Reflist|3}}
;Further reading
* {{cite book
| author=Otto Waack
| title=Church and mission in India: the history of the Jeypore church and the Breklum Mission (1876-1914)
| year=1997
| volume=II
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=dB7kAAAAMAAJ&q=girls+boarding+kotpad
| publisher=Northelbian Centre for Worldmission and Church World Service by the Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
| isbn=9788172143985
}}
* {{cite book
| author=Otto Waack, Cynthia C. Lies
| title=Church and mission in India: the history of the Jeypore church and the Breklum Mission (1876-1914)
| year=1997
| volume=I
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=Ix7kAAAAMAAJ&q=jensen+kotapad
| publisher=Northelbian Centre for Worldmission and Church World Service by the Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
| isbn=9788172143473
}}
* {{cite journal
| author=S. Vasantharaj Albert
| title=Orissa: Church and People Groups
| year=1992
| volume=
| issue=
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=9VYxAAAAMAAJ&q=theological+seminary+kotapad
| publisher=Church Growth Association of India
| isbn=
}}
* {{cite journal
| author=Kenneth Gill
| author-link=Ken Gill (bishop)
| title=Count us Equal: The Ministry of Women in the Church of South India
| year=1990
| volume=
| issue=
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=tCJrGwAACAAJ&q=count+us+equal+kenneth+gill
| publisher=Association of Theologically Trained Women in India
| isbn=
}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Churches in India}}
{{Lutheran World Federation Churches}}
{{coord missing|Odisha}}

[[Category:Lutheran World Federation members]]
[[Category:Lutheranism in India]]
[[Category:Affiliated institutions of the National Council of Churches in India]]
[[Category:Lutheran denominations]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Odisha]]
[[Category:Christianity in Odisha]]
[[Category:Education in Odisha]]
[[Category:Schools in Colonial India]]
[[Category:1882 establishments in India]]

Miss Grand India 2024

2026-01-14T01:58:27Z

Pendu Mania:

{{short description|2nd edition of the Miss Grand India beauty pageant}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox beauty pageant
| image = Rachel Gupta MGI24.png
| caption = [[Rachel Gupta]], the winner of the contest
| date = August 11, 2024
| venue = Zee Studio, [[Jaipur]]
| entrants = 22
| placements = 12
| debuts =
| broadcaster =
| winner = [[Rachel Gupta]] ([[Jalandhar]])
| best national costume = [[Rachel Gupta]] ([[Jalandhar]])
| award2 label =
| award2 =
| congeniality =
| photogenic =
| presenters =
| before = [[Miss Grand India 2023|2023]]
| next = [[Miss Grand India 2025|2025]]
}}

'''Miss Grand India 2024''' or '''{{tooltip|GSI|Glamanand Supermodel India}} – Miss Grand India 2024''' was the second edition of the [[Miss Grand India]] pageant,<ref name=naga3>{{cite web|url=https://morungexpress.com/grand-finale-of-miss-nagaland-beauty-pageant-2023-today|title=Grand finale of Miss Nagaland Beauty Pageant 2023 today|date=8 December 2023|accessdate=16 January 2024|publisher=[[The Morung Express]]|archivedate=16 January 2024|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240116063452/https://morungexpress.com/grand-finale-of-miss-nagaland-beauty-pageant-2023-today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/neiketuno-sechu-is-miss-nagaland-2023/|title=Neiketuno Sechü is Miss Nagaland 2023|date=8 December 2023|accessdate=16 January 2024|archivedate=16 January 2024|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240116064241/https://easternmirrornagaland.com/neiketuno-sechu-is-miss-nagaland-2023/|author=Reyivolü Rhakho|publisher=[[Eastern Mirror]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wyrta.com/chah-jied-ka-irene-dkhar-wow-chimbynta-haka-miss-grand-india-2024/|title=Chah jied ka Irene Dkhar wow chimbynta haka Miss Grand India 2024|date=14 November 2023|accessdate=16 January 2024|archivedate=16 January 2024|website=wyrta.com|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240116071513/https://wyrta.com/chah-jied-ka-irene-dkhar-wow-chimbynta-haka-miss-grand-india-2024/|language=kha}}</ref> held on August 11, 2024, at the Zee Studio, [[Jaipur]].<ref name=venue/><ref name=jai>{{cite web|url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/2024/07/17/miss-grand-nagaland-and-reigning-miss-nagaland-neiketunuo-sechu-all-set-to-participate-in-miss-grand-india-2024/|title=Miss Grand Nagaland And Reigning Miss Nagaland, Neiketunuo Sechü All Set To Participate In Miss Grand India 2024|date=17 July 2024|accessdate=7 August 2024|work=Northeast Today|archivedate=7 August 2024|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240807160744/https://www.northeasttoday.in/2024/07/17/miss-grand-nagaland-and-reigning-miss-nagaland-neiketunuo-sechu-all-set-to-participate-in-miss-grand-india-2024/}}</ref> At the end of the event, Miss Grand India 2023 [[Arshina Sumbul]] of [[Jaipur]] crowned [[Rachel Gupta]] of [[Jalandhar]] as her successor.<ref name=mgindia24>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/northeast-india-makes-waves-at-miss-grand-india-2024-1069857-2024-08-12|title=Northeast India makes waves at Miss Grand India 2024|date=12 August 2024|accessdate=12 August 2024|publisher=India Today NE|archivedate=12 August 2024|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240812101914/https://www.indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/northeast-india-makes-waves-at-miss-grand-india-2024-1069857-2024-08-12}}</ref> Rachel represented India at [[Miss Grand International 2024]] ,<ref name=naga3/><ref name=naga5>{{cite web|url=https://morungexpress.com/miss-nagaland-2023-to-participate-in-miss-grand-india-2024|title=Miss Nagaland 2023 to participate in Miss Grand India 2024|date=29 May 2024|accessdate=17 July 2024|work=[[The Morung Express]]|archivedate=17 July 2024|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240717080645/https://morungexpress.com/miss-nagaland-2023-to-participate-in-miss-grand-india-2024}}</ref> and won. She later resigned the title, becoming the first Indian to resign her title.<ref name=hostvi>{{cite web|url=https://tuoitre.vn/nguoi-dep-peru-dang-quang-hoa-hau-hoa-binh-quoc-te-2023-le-hoang-phuong-la-a-hau-4-20231025182714708.htm|title=Người đẹp Peru đăng quang Hoa hậu Hòa bình quốc tế 2023, Lê Hoàng Phương là Á hậu 4|date=25 October 2023|accessdate=25 October 2023|language=vi|work=tuoitre.vn|author=Hoài Phương|archivedate=25 October 2023|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20231025165206/https://tuoitre.vn/nguoi-dep-peru-dang-quang-hoa-hau-hoa-binh-quoc-te-2023-le-hoang-phuong-la-a-hau-4-20231025182714708.htm}}</ref><ref name=metro>{{cite web|url=https://www.metro.pr/entretenimiento/2023/10/25/luciana-fuster-de-peru-gana-miss-grand-international-2023/|title=Luciana Fuster de Perú gana Miss Grand International 2023|language=es|date=25 October 2023|accessdate=25 October 2023|work=[[Metro International]]|archivedate=25 October 2023|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20231025170031/https://www.metro.pr/entretenimiento/2023/10/25/luciana-fuster-de-peru-gana-miss-grand-international-2023/}}</ref>

In addition to the main title, the country representatives for other 2024 international pageants, including [[Miss Cosmo]], [[Miss Charm]], and Miss Tourism World, were also determined.<ref name=mgindia24/>

==Selection of contestants==
The contestants for Miss Grand India 2024 were determined through the state pageants and central audions organized by the national organizer.<ref name=naga/><ref name=meg/><ref name=meg3/> Only two states held the regional preliminary pageants for this year's edition, as detailed below.
<div style="white-space:nowrap">
{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable defaultcenter col3left col4left" style="font-size: 95%";
|-
! Pageant !! Title !! Date !! Venue !! Entrant !! {{tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
|{{n/a|''Audition''}}
|Miss Grand Meghalaya
|Nov 14, 2023||colspan=2 {{n/a|''No data available''}}||<ref name=meg>{{cite web|url=https://vouz.org/miss-grand-india-2024-audidtions-irena-dkhar-secures-direct-entry-to-grand-finale/|title=Miss Grand India 2024 Audidtions: Irena Dkhar Secures direct entry to grand finale|date=14 November 2023|accessdate=16 January 2024|archivedate=16 January 2024|publisher=The Vouz|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240116065942/https://vouz.org/miss-grand-india-2024-audidtions-irena-dkhar-secures-direct-entry-to-grand-finale/}}</ref><ref name=meg3>{{cite web|url=https://themeghalayan.com/irene-dkhar-clinches-direct-entry-to-miss-grand-india-2024-finale/|title=Irene Dkhar clinches direct entry to Miss Grand India 2024 finale|date=14 November 2023|accessdate=16 January 2024|archivedate=16 January 2024|publisher=The Meghalayan|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240116071117/https://themeghalayan.com/irene-dkhar-clinches-direct-entry-to-miss-grand-india-2024-finale/}}</ref>
|-
|[[Miss Nagaland]]{{efn|The pageant's main winner was assumed Miss Grand state titleholder.|name=A}}||Miss Grand Nagaland||Dec 8, 2023||Capital Cultural Hall, [[Kohima]]||14||<ref name=naga>{{cite web|url=https://morungexpress.com/neiketuno-sech-is-miss-nagaland-2023|title=Neiketuno Sechü is Miss Nagaland 2023|date=8 December 2023|accessdate=16 January 2024|publisher=[[The Morung Express]]|archivedate=16 January 2024|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240116060904/https://morungexpress.com/neiketuno-sech-is-miss-nagaland-2023}}</ref><ref name=naga2>{{cite web|url=https://nagalandtribune.in/chumoukedimas-neiketuno-sechu-wins-miss-nagaland-2023/|title=Chümoukedima's Neiketuno Sechü wins Miss Nagaland 2023|publisher=Nagaland Tribune|archivedate=16 January 2024|accessdate=16 January 2024|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240116061853/https://nagalandtribune.in/chumoukedimas-neiketuno-sechu-wins-miss-nagaland-2023/|date=9 December 2023}}</ref>
|}
;Note
{{notelist}}
</div>
==Final results==
;Color keys
{{plainlist|
* {{Color box|gold|border=silver}} The contestant won in an international pageant.
* {{Color box|#FFFF66|border=silver}} The contestant was a runner-up in an international pageant.
* {{Color box|#FFFACD|border=silver}} The contestant was a semi-finalist in an international pageant.
* {{Color box|#fadadd|border=silver}} Unplaced
}}
<div style="white-space:nowrap">
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"| Final results
! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"| Candidate
! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"| International placement
| style="border-bottom:2px solid #FFFFFF; border-top:2px solid #FFFFFF; border-right:2px solid #FFFFFF; vertical-align: top;" bgcolor=#FFFFFF rowspan=20|
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="background: none";
|-
|
{| class="floatright" style="font-size: 100%";
|+ Miss Grand India 2024 competition result by state of origin
|-
| colspan=3|
{{Image label begin|image=Miss Grand India 2024 Result.svg|width=260|float=right}}
{{Image label small|x=-138.0|y=-30.0|scale=-1|text=[[File:Twemoji12 1f451.svg|14px|link=Punjab, India]] {{font color|black|PB I|link=Punjab, India}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-155.0|y=-47.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|PB II|link=Punjab, India}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-155.0|y=-61.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|PB III|link=Punjab, India}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-155.0|y=-76.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|PB IV|link=Punjab, India}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-5.0|y=-170.0|scale=-1|text=[[File:Eo circle indigo white letter-s.svg|14px|link=Maharashtra]] {{font color|black|MH I|link=Maharashtra}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-22.0|y=-185.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|MH II|link=Maharashtra}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-22.0|y=-200.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|MH III|link=Maharashtra}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-22.0|y=-214.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|MH IV|link=Maharashtra}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-22.0|y=-228.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|MH V|link=Maharashtra}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-90.0|y=-80.0|scale=-1|text=[[File:Eo circle indigo white letter-r.svg|15px|link=New Delhi]] {{font color|black|DL|link=New Delhi}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-210.0|y=-90.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|AS|link=Assam}} [[File:Eo circle indigo white letter-s.svg|14px|link=Assam]]}}
{{Image label small|x=-202.0|y=-157.0|scale=-1|text=[[File:Eo circle indigo white letter-s.svg|14px|link=Meghalaya]] {{font color|black|ML I|link=Meghalaya}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-218.0|y=-172.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|ML II|link=Meghalaya}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-218.0|y=-190.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|MP I|link=Madhya Pradesh}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-218.0|y=-204.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|MP II|link=Madhya Pradesh}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-22.0|y=-243.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|KL I|link=Kerala}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-22.0|y=-258.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|KL II|link=Kerala}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-240.0|y=-112.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|NL|link=Nagaland}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-175.0|y=-138.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|WB|link=West Bengal}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-162.0|y=-115.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|BR|link=Bihar}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-120.0|y=-105.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|UP|link=Uttar Pradesh}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-22.0|y=-54.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|RJ I|link=Rajasthan}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-22.0|y=-67.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|RJ II|link=Rajasthan}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-43.0|y=-140.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|GJ|link=Gujarat}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-78.0|y=-208.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|KA|link=Karnataka}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-160.0|y=-219.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|AP I|link=Andhra Pradesh}}}}
{{Image label small|x=-160.0|y=-234.0|scale=-1|text={{font color|black|AP II|link=Andhra Pradesh}}}}
{{Image label end}}
|-
| colspan=2|Color key:
|-
| colspan=2|{{Legend|#550000ff|Miss Grand India winner|text=[[File:Twemoji12 1f451.svg|15px|link=Punjab, India]]}}
|-
| colspan=2|{{Legend|#d40000ff|Supplemental title winners|text=[[File:Eo circle indigo white letter-s.svg|15px]]}}
|-
| {{Legend|#d40000ff|Runner-up|text=[[File:Eo circle indigo white letter-r.svg|15px|link=New Delhi]]}}||{{Legend|#ff5555ff|Top 8}}
|-
| {{Legend|#ffaaaaff|Top 12}} ||{{Legend|#87cddeff|Unplaced}}
|-
| {{Legend|#808080ff|Withdrew}} ||{{Legend|#d0d0d0ff|No representative}}
|}
|}
|-
! Miss Grand India 2024
|style="background-color:gold; font-weight: bold"|
* [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] – [[Rachel Gupta]]<ref name=mgindia24/>
| style="background-color:gold; font-weight: bold"| Winner – [[Miss Grand International 2024]]{{efn|name=terminated|Later dethroned/resigned.}}
|-align="center"
! Miss Charm India 2024
| style="background-color:#FFFACD;|
* '''[[Maharashtra]] – Shivangi Desai'''<ref name=mgindia24/>
| style="background-color:#FFFACD;| Top 10 – [[Miss Charm 2024]]
|-align="center"
! Miss Cosmo India 2024
|
* '''[[Assam]] – Rajashree Dowarah'''<ref name=mgindia24/>
| Unplaced – [[Miss Cosmo 2024]]
|-align="center"
! Miss Tourism India 2024
| style="background-color:#FFFACD;|
* '''[[Meghalaya]] – Irene Dkhar'''<ref name=mgindia24/>
| style="background-color:#FFFACD;| Top 15 – Miss Tourism World 2024
|-align="center"
! Runner up
|
* [[New Delhi]] – Palak Kohli<ref name=mgindia24/>
|-align="center"
! Top 8
|
* [[Nagaland]] – Neiketuno Sechü<ref name=nei>{{cite web|url=https://nagalandpost.com/index.php/2024/08/14/neiketuno-sechii-top-8-finalist-at-miss-grand-india-accorded-warm-welcome-in-dimapur/|title=Neiketuno Sechii, top 8 finalist at Miss Grand India, accorded warm welcome in Dimapur|date=14 August 2024|accessdate=14 August 2024|work=[[Nagaland Post]]|archivedate=13 August 2024|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240813230344/https://nagalandpost.com/index.php/2024/08/14/neiketuno-sechii-top-8-finalist-at-miss-grand-india-accorded-warm-welcome-in-dimapur/}}</ref>
* [[Maharashtra]] – Rashmi Shinde
* [[Meghalaya]] – Tanvi Raksam Marak
|-align="center"
! Top 12
|
* [[Maharashtra]] – Nehha Mahesh Shinde
* [[Karnataka]] – Spoorthi Shetty
* [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] – Raisin Saini
* [[Rajasthan]] – Yuvika Gehlot
|-
! colspan=2|Special awards
|-
!Miss Top Model
|
* [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] – [[Rachel Gupta]]<ref name=spe>{{cite web|url=https://dainiksaveratimes.com/big-1/rachel-gupta-brought-glory-to-punjab-and-jalandhar-won-title-of-miss-grand-india-2024/|title=Rachel Gupta ने किया पंजाब और जालंधर का नाम रोशन, Miss Grand India 2024 का खिताब किया अपने नाम|date=13 August 2024|accessdate=14 August 2024|language=hi|work=Dainik Savera Times|author=Priyanka|archivedate=13 August 2024|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240813231157/https://dainiksaveratimes.com/big-1/rachel-gupta-brought-glory-to-punjab-and-jalandhar-won-title-of-miss-grand-india-2024/}}</ref>
|-
!Best in Ramp Walk
|
* [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] – [[Rachel Gupta]]<ref name=spe/>
|-
!Beauty with Purposes
|
* [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] – [[Rachel Gupta]]<ref name=spe/>
|-
!Best National Costume
|
* [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] – [[Rachel Gupta]]<ref name=spe/>
|-
!Miss Popular
|
* [[Nagaland]] – Neiketuno Sechü<ref name=popu>{{cite web|url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/miss-grand-india-sechu-brings-home-miss-popular-subtitle/|title=Miss Grand India: Sechü brings home Miss Popular subtitle|date=13 August 2024|accessdate=14 August 2024|author=Purnungba Longkumer|work=[[Eastern Mirror]]|archivedate=13 August 2024|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240813230738/https://easternmirrornagaland.com/miss-grand-india-sechu-brings-home-miss-popular-subtitle/}}</ref>
|-
!Best Evening Gown
|
*[[Meghalaya]] – Irene Dkhar<ref name=mgindia24/>
|-
! Miss Fashion Icon
|
* [[Assam]] – Rajashree Dowarah<ref name=mgindia24/>
|}
</div>
;Note
{{notelist}}

==Candidates==
Twenty-two contestants competed in Miss Grand India 2024.
{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable defaultcenter col2left col4left" style="font-size: 90%;"
! width="20" |'''Number'''
! '''Candidate'''
! '''Age'''
! '''State'''
! '''Placement'''
! '''Ref.'''
|-
| 1||Aditi Bhatnagar|| ||[[Uttar Pradesh]]||Unplaced ||<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 May 2024|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 Aditi Bhatnagar|url=https://archive.today/20241017014721/https://www.instagram.com/p/C7UCiFGpFat/|work=Miss Grand India|accessdate=6 January 2025}}</ref>
|-
| 2||Anju Pandey||24||[[West Bengal]]||Unplaced||<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2024|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 Anju Pandey
|url=https://archive.today/20250105210755/https://www.instagram.com/p/C7ZOxa2J9Ag/
|access-date=14 June 2024|work=Miss Grand India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 3||Guneetinder Kaur Saini||25||[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]||Unplaced||<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2024|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 Guneetinder Kaur Saini|url=https://archive.today/20250105211139/https://www.instagram.com/p/C7Wug5RpOCO/
|access-date=14 June 2024 |work=Miss Grand India|language=en|archivedate=20 December 2024|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20241220215338/https://www.instagram.com/p/C7Wug5RpOCO/}}</ref>
|-
| '''4'''||'''Irene Dkhar'''||'''21'''||'''[[Meghalaya]]'''||'''Miss Tourism India 2024'''||<ref name=meg2>{{cite web|url=https://hubnetwork.in/irene-dkhar-former-miss-northeast-secures-spot-in-miss-grand-india-2024-finale/|title=Irene Dkhar, former Miss Northeast, secures spot in Miss Grand India 2024 Finale|date=14 November 2023|accessdate=16 January 2024|archivedate=16 January 2024|website=hubnetwork.in|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240116070854/https://hubnetwork.in/irene-dkhar-former-miss-northeast-secures-spot-in-miss-grand-india-2024-finale/}}</ref>
|-
| 5||Kopal Mandloi||25||[[Madhya Pradesh]]||Unplaced||<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2024|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 Kopal Mandloi
|url=https://archive.today/20250105211922/https://www.instagram.com/p/C7UF3veJBQx/|access-date=14 June 2024 |work=Miss Grand India }}</ref>
|-
| 6||Mamta Choudhary|| ||[[Rajasthan]]||Unplaced||<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2024|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 Mamta Choudhary
|url=https://archive.today/20250105213048/https://www.instagram.com/p/C7ec7l6Jbjb/
|access-date=14 June 2024 |work=Miss Grand India}}</ref>
|-
| 7||Nehha Mahesh Shinde|| ||[[Maharashtra]]||Top 12||<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2024|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 Nehha Mahesh Shinde|url=https://archive.today/20250105213408/https://www.instagram.com/p/C7WQmZ3piBD/
|access-date=14 June 2024 |work=Miss Grand India}}</ref>
|-
| 8||Neiketuno Sechü||19||[[Nagaland]]||Top 8||<ref name=naga4>{{cite web|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/nagaland/2023/12/09/neiketuno-sechu-19-crowned-miss-nagaland-2023/|title=Neiketuno Sechü, 19, crowned Miss Nagaland 2023|date=9 December 2023|accessdate=16 January 2024|archivedate=16 January 2024|author=Medolenuo Ambrocia|publisher=EastMojo|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240116064535/https://www.eastmojo.com/nagaland/2023/12/09/neiketuno-sechu-19-crowned-miss-nagaland-2023/}}</ref>
|-
| '''9'''||'''Palak Kohli'''|| ||'''[[New Delhi]]'''||'''1st Runner Up'''||<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2024|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 Palak Kohli
|url=https://archive.today/20250105213749/https://www.instagram.com/p/C7RL5fhJMqk/|access-date=14 June 2024 |work=Miss Grand India}}</ref>
|-
| '''10'''||'''[[Rachel Gupta]]'''||'''20'''||'''[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]'''||'''Miss Grand India 2024'''||<ref name=mgindia24/>
|-
| 11||Raisin Saini|| ||[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]||Top 8||<ref name=pun>{{cite web|url=https://yespunjab.com/raisin-saini-emerges-as-finalist-for-miss-grand-india-2024/|title=Raisin Saini emerges as finalist for Miss Grand India 2024|date=31 May 2024|accessdate=12 June 2024|publisher=Yes Punjab|archivedate=17 June 2024|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240617123857/https://yespunjab.com/raisin-saini-emerges-as-finalist-for-miss-grand-india-2024/}}</ref>
|-
| '''12'''||'''Rajashree Dowarah'''||'''19'''||'''[[Assam]]'''||'''Miss Cosmo India 2024'''||<ref name=mgindia24/>
|-
| 13||Rashmi Shinde||26 ||[[Maharashtra]]||Top 12||<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2024|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 Rashmi Shinde|url=https://archive.today/20250105214106/https://www.instagram.com/p/C7Wvh-CJbWr/
|access-date=14 June 2024 |work=Miss Grand India}}</ref>
|-
| 14||Sandra Francis|| ||[[Kerala]]||Unplaced||<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2024|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 Sandra Francis|url=https://archive.today/20250105214441/https://www.instagram.com/p/C7Wv1byp0HH/
|access-date=14 June 2024 |work=Miss Grand India}}</ref>
|-
| '''15'''||'''Shivangi Desai'''||'''22'''||'''[[Maharashtra]]'''||'''Miss Charm India 2024'''||<ref name=mgindia24/>
|-
| 16||Shraddha Singh Chouhan|| ||[[Gujarat]]||Unplaced||<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2022|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 Shraddha Singh Chouhan
|url=https://archive.today/20250105214726/https://www.instagram.com/p/C7RT7ctpb93/|access-date=14 June 2024|work=Miss Grand India}}</ref>
|-
| 17||Shreya Bediya|| ||[[Madhya Pradesh]]||Unplaced||<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2024|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 Shreya Bediya
|url=https://archive.today/20250105215150/https://www.instagram.com/p/C7UIloSJLJL/|access-date=14 June 2024 |work=Miss Grand India}}</ref>
|-
| 18||Shreya Raj|| ||[[Kerala]]||Unplaced||<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2024|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 Shreya Raj
|url=https://archive.today/20250105215503/https://www.instagram.com/p/C7ZUx1xJpdA/
|access-date=14 June 2024 |work=Miss Grand India}}</ref>
|-
| 19||Spoorthi Shetty|| ||[[Karnataka]]||Top 12||<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2024|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 Spoorthi Shetty|url=https://archive.today/20250105215808/https://www.instagram.com/p/C7YypRipuYF/
|access-date=14 June 2024 |work=Miss Grand India}}</ref>
|-
| 20||Swati Shubham|| ||[[Bihar]]||Unplaced||<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2024|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 Swati Shubham
|url=https://archive.today/20250105220118/https://www.instagram.com/p/C7RZ9HrJG-T/|access-date=14 June 2024 |work=Miss Grand India}}</ref>
|-
| 21||Tanvi Raksam Marak||26||[[Meghalaya]]||Top 8||<ref name=venue>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2024|title=Irene & Tanvi to Represent Meghalaya at Miss Grand India 2024|url=https://southasiaviews.com/featured/irene-tanvi-to-represent-meghalaya-at-miss-grand-india-2024/|access-date=12 August 2024|website=southasiaviews.com|language=en|archivedate=12 August 2024|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240812120207/https://southasiaviews.com/featured/irene-tanvi-to-represent-meghalaya-at-miss-grand-india-2024/}}</ref>
|-
| 22||Yuvika Gehlot|| ||[[Rajasthan]]||Top 12||<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2024|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 Yuvika Gehlot
|url=https://archive.today/20250105220446/https://www.instagram.com/p/C7eef-BptK9/
|access-date=14 June 2024 |work=Miss Grand India}}</ref>
|-
|}
; Withdrawn candidates
* Anwesha Pati of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-28|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 @iamanweshapati 🩵🇮🇳✨|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C7eef-BptK9/|access-date=2024-06-14 |website=[[Instagram]] |language=en}}</ref>
* Barbie Mishra of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-24|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 @barbiemishraofficial 🩵🇮🇳✨|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C7WOwzhpw7v/|access-date=2024-06-14 |website=[[Instagram]]|language=en}}</ref>
* Bhavana Bhanu of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-26|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 @bhavana_ravi559 🩵🇮🇳✨|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C7ZQ1XApP6W/|access-date=2024-06-14 |website=[[Instagram]] |language=en}}</ref>
* Shruti Raul of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-25|title=Official Finalist for Miss Grand India 2024 @shruti_raul_ 🩵🇮🇳✨|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C7Yv-o8p2N7/|access-date=2024-06-14 |website=[[Instagram]] |language=en|archivedate=20 December 2024|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20241220214852/https://www.instagram.com/p/C7Yv-o8p2N7/}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{commons category-inline|Miss Grand India}}
{{Portalbar|India}}
{{Miss Grand International titleholders}}
{{Navboxes|
| title = [[Miss Grand International]] participating countries and territories
| list =
{{Miss Grand national pageants in Africa}}
{{Miss Grand national pageants in Asia and Oceania}}
{{Miss Grand national pageants in Europe}}
{{Miss Grand national pageants in North America}}
{{Miss Grand national pageants in South America}}
}}
[[Category:Miss Grand India]]
[[Category:2024 beauty pageants|Grand India]]
[[Category:2024 in India]]

List of Odia films of 1990

2026-01-07T04:22:43Z

Pendu Mania: created a details v1!

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Ollywood films}}
This is a list of films produced by the [[Ollywood]] film industry based in [[Bhubaneshwar]] and [[Cuttack]] in 1990:

==A-Z==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''[[1990 in film|1990]]'''
|-
|''[[Aee Sangharsa]]'' || [[Rajani Kant]] || [[Bijay Mohanty]], [[Deepti Naval]] ||Odia
|
|-
|''[[Agnee Beena]]'' <ref>{{Citation|title=Agni Veena|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0235168/|access-date=2019-02-06}} {{unreliable source?|date=September 2022}}</ref>|| [[Manmohan Mahapatra]] ||[[Hemanta Das]], [[Bijay Samal]], [[Pushpa Panda]] ||Odia
|
|-
|''[[Ama Ghara]]'' <ref>{{Citation|title=Ama Ghara|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1427182/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Ravi Kinnagi]] || || ||
|-
|''[[Andha Diganta]]'' <ref>{{Citation|title=Andha Diganta|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0235183/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Manmohan Mahapatra]] ||[[Arun Nanda]], [[Jaya Swami]], [[Manimala Devi]] || ||
|-
|''[[Chakadola Karuchi Leela]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Chakadola Karuchi Leela|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1431228/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Para Patnaik]] ||[[Uttam Mohanty]], [[Aparajita Mohanty]] || ||
|-
|''Daiba Daudi''<ref>{{Citation|title=Daiba Daudi|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1431231/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Hara Patnaik]]|| [[Uttam Mohanty]], Rekha Jain, [[Ellora Patnaik]]|| Odia||
|-
|''[[Hasa Luha Bhara Dunia]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Hasa Luha Bhara Duniya|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1459886/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>||[[Pranaba Das]] || || ||
|-
|''[[Hisaba kariba Kalia]]'' || [[Sumanta Dey]] || [[Debu Bose]], Debu Bramha, [[Mihir Das]] || ||
|-
|''[[Kalia Bharasa]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Kalia Bharasa|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1427242/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Sidhartha (director)|Sidhartha]] || || ||
|-
|''[[Kandhei]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Kandhei|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1402508/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Prashanta Nanda]] ||[[Prashanta Nanda]], [[Shriram Panda]], [[Mahasweta Roy]] || ||
|-
|''[[Maa Mate Shakti De]]'' <ref>{{Citation|title=Maa Mate Shakti De|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1431275/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Samsan Lima]] || || ||
|-
|''[[Maa O Mamata]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Maa O Mamata|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1459930/|access-date=2019-02-05}}</ref>|| || [[Sadashiv Amrapurkar]], [[Anu Choudhury]], [[Mihir Das]]||||
|-
|''[[Paradeshi Chadhei]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Paradeshi Chadhei|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1431299/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>||[[Ravi Kinnagi]] ||[[Uttam Mohanty]], [[Aarminta]] || ||
|-
|''[[Thakura Achanti Chau Bahaku]]'' <ref>{{Citation|title=Thakura Achanti Chau Bahaku|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1431334/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Bijay Bhaskar]] || || ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian film list}}
{{1990 films}}

[[Category:Lists of Odia films by year|1990]]
[[Category:Lists of 1990 films by language|Ollywood]]
[[Category:1990s in Orissa]]
[[Category:1990 in Indian cinema]]

Chhattisgarhi cinema

2026-01-05T10:10:44Z

Pendu Mania: updated page

{{Short description|none}} 
{{redirect-distinguish|Chhollywood|Chollywood}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox cinema market
|image=India_film_clapperboard_(variant).svg
|name=Chhollywood
|distributors={{Br separated entries| Y.K.M. Brother Production House
Sundrani Films
N.MAHI FILMS
}}
|image_size=}}

'''Chhattisgarhi Cinema''' also known as '''Chhollywood''' refers to the film industry of [[Chhattisgarh]] state, Central India, or to films created in the [[Chhattisgarhi language]]. It was established in 1965 with the release of the first Chhattisgarhi-language film, ''[[Kahi Debe Sandesh]]''.

== History ==
''[[Kahi Debe Sandesh]]'' was released in 1965. Directed and produced by Manu Nayak, it was a story of [[Indian caste system|intercaste]] love; its release caused controversy, with Brahmins calling for a ban.<ref name="ghosh2015">{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Avijit |title=When Indira saved first Chhattisgarhi film from ban |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/when-indira-saved-first-chhattisgarhi-film-from-ban/articleshow/47102678.cms |access-date=15 December 2021 |work=The Times of India' |date=30 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.569|title=Report of the Committee on Untouchability, Economic and Educational Development of the Scheduled Castes and Connected Documents, 1969|last1=Castes|first1=India Committee on Untouchability, Economic and Educational Development of the Scheduled|last2=Elayaperumal|first2=L.|date=1969-01-01|publisher=Department of Social Welfare|page=[https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.569/page/n58 37]|language=en}}</ref> The next Chhattisgarhi film to be released was ''Ghar Dwar'' in 1971, produced by Vijay Kumar Pandey. However, both performed poorly at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Avijit|title=Chhollywood calling|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-toi/special-report/Chhollywood-calling/articleshow/5936093.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928034236/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-16/special-report/28314831_1_film-industry-silver-jubilee-raipur|url-status=live|archive-date=28 September 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=16 May 2010}}</ref>

On October 27, 2000, ''[[Mor Chhainha Bhuinya]]'' was released,<ref>{{cite web|title=Mor Chhainha Bhuinya|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0277162/|work=IMDB|publisher=IMDB|access-date=27 September 2013}}</ref> the first Chhattisgarhi film since ''Ghar Dwar''. The film was a major success, grossing over ₹20,000,000, recouping its budget of around ₹2,000,000.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chhattisgarhi film beats Mohabbatein|work=Rediff, archived on web archive|url=http://www.rediff.in/movies/2001/feb/09chhat.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001123421/http://www.rediff.in/movies/2001/feb/09chhat.htm|archive-date=2013-10-01}}</ref>

Interest in the genre would further increase in 2005 when ''[[Bhakla]]'' was released, featuring a song composed by Kalyan Sen and sung by [[Lata Mangeshkar]].<ref>{{cite news|title=लता मंगेशकर|url=http://www.bhaskar.com/article/CHH-DURG-c-206-23659-NOR.html|access-date=19 September 2013|newspaper=Daink Bhaskar|date=8 March 2013|archive-date=14 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014185820/http://www.bhaskar.com/article/CHH-DURG-c-206-23659-NOR.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Later, the film ''Bar''. Satish Jain, having watched the film produced ''Mayaa'', Films such as ''Mahun Deewana Tahun Deewani'' (Swapnil Film Productions) ''Tura Rikshawala'', and ''Laila Tip Top Chhaila Angutha Chhap'' were released soon after.

''[[Bhulan the Maze|Bhulan The Maze]]'' opened to international praise and won several awards. It became the first Chhattisgarhi movie to win a [[National Film Awards]], winning Best Film in Chhattisgarhi at [[67th National Film Awards]].

Today Chhattisgarhi films often play in theatres outside of [[Chhattisgarh]], especially in cities like [[Nagpur]]. The government of Chhattisgarh made a film policy to support Chhattisgarhi cinema. However, the support structure in the form of a subsidy remains unclear. The film makers are struggling to showcase their films due to an inadequate number of [[cinema hall]] in the state. The film makers want the state government to help penetrate smaller towns to increase viewership, as that will help recover the production cost. This is important as unlike in 2000s when an average of only 4 to 5 films were made annually, today 40 to 50 film are made annually. This has resulted in competition between films that is affects their earnings.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chhattisgarhi film beats Mohabbatein|work=Rediff, archived on web archiveयुवा छॉलीवुड: फिल्मों की संख्या बढ़ी लेकिन सिनेमाघरों की कमी, प्रोड्यूसर को नुकसान, कागजों पर ही सरकारी नीति|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!state/chhattisgarh-film-industry-history-achivement-and-government-policy-chhattisgarh-news-cts25080202127}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{Main|List of Chhattisgarhi film actors}}
* [[Anuj Sharma (actor)]]
* [[Nitin Dubey]]
* [[Satish Jain (director)|Satish Jain]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Cinema of India}}

[[Category:Cinema of India by state or union territory]]
[[Category:Culture of Chhattisgarh]]

Bethel Hospital

2025-12-29T05:43:52Z

Pendu Mania: new

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2010}}
{{Infobox hospital
| name = Bethel Hospital, Vuyyuru
| logo = 
| logo_size = 
| image = 
| image_size = 225 
| alt = 
| caption = With love serve one another
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_relief = 
| pushpin_mapsize = 
| pushpin_map_alt = 
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| location = [[Vuyyuru]] 521 165
| region = [[Krishna district]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|16|21|48|N|80|50|57|E|type:edu}}
| healthcare = Medicare
| funding = Non-profit
| type = General
| religious_affiliation = [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars]]
| network = [[Council of Christian Hospitals]]
| patron = Dr. I. Esther Anandakshi (Medical Director)
| standards = 
| emergency = 
| helipad = 
| beds = 
| speciality = 
| founded = 1906
| closed = 
| demolished = 
| website = 
| other_links = 
| module = 
}}
'''Bethel Hospital''' is a private [[Baptist]] hospital based in [[Vuyyuru]], [[Krishna district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. It is a member of [[Council of Christian Hospitals]]. It is perhaps the oldest hospital in the region.<ref>Sivasankaranarayana, M. V. Rajagopal (Eds.), ''Andhra Pradesh District Gazetteers'', Directorate of Printing and Stationery, Secretariat Press, Hyderabad, 1977. Page 205. Internet, accessed 5 October 2008. [https://books.google.com/books?id=z7lhAAAAIAAJ&q=bethel+hospital+vuyyuru]</ref>

==History==
The [[Canadian Baptist Mission]] was initiated at the request of the missionary [[Thomas Gabriel (missionary)|Thomas Gabriel]]. As a result of this, in 1868, Rev. A. V. Timpany and Rev. John McLaurin arrived in [[Ramayapatnam]]<ref name="Theophilusopcit">T. Theophilus, ''op.cit.''</ref> and then moved to [[Kakinada]] in 1874 after the mission itself began.

In 1904, Dr. Gertrude Hulet<ref name="Biography">George W. Brown, Ramsay Cook (Eds.), Dictionary of Canadian Biography: 1901–1910, [[University of Toronto]] Press, 1994, {{ISBN|0-8020-3998-7}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8020-3998-9}}, p. 122. Internet, accessed 5 October 2008. [https://books.google.com/books?id=cxK0A0FUvZgC&dq=gertrude+hulet&pg=PP1]</ref> arrived in [[Vuyyuru]] and went on to open a dispensary<ref>
Carlotta Hacker, The Indomitable Lady Doctors, Formac Publishing Company, 2001, {{ISBN|0-88780-543-4}}, {{ISBN|978-0-88780-543-1}}, p. 121. Internet, accessed 5 October 2008. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ect9febDdsMC&dq=gertrude+hulet&pg=PA121]
</ref> in 1906.<ref>T. Theophilus, ''The History of the Bethel Hospital, Vuyyuru'', Platinum Jubilee Souvenir, Vuyyuru, ''pp. 36–38''.</ref> The formation of the hospital's current administrative structure was started by the Krishna [[district collector]] in 1923.<ref name="Ibid">''Ibid.''</ref> A chapel was built in memory of Dr. Hulet in 1957.

What had started as a clinic in 1904<ref name="Biography"/> soon developed into a large hospital, taking care of patients in coastal parts of the Krishna district. A number of wards, case rooms and operating rooms were built.<ref>Manorama Fritschi ''(Ed.)'', Council of Christian Hospitals, Pithapuram, 1977. Manorama Fritschi was wife of Dr. Ernest Paul Fritschi who was earlier Director of Schieffelin Institute of Health, Research and Leprosy Centre, Karigiri, India. Internet, accessed 26 October 2008. [http://www.karigiri.org/Event1.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822105745/http://www.karigiri.org/Event1.htm# |date=22 August 2007 }}</ref> By 1955, hospital became a general hospital.<ref name="Ibid" />

Evelyn Eaton started a [[midwifery]] training course in 1941 and, by 1956, it became an [[Auxiliary nurse midwife|Auxiliary Nurse Midwives]] (ANMs) course.<ref name="Ibid" /> More than 500 nurses have graduated from this school.<ref name="Biography"/>

==Membership==
Bethel Hospital is a member of the [[Council of Christian Hospitals]], [[Pithapuram]], and the [[Christian Medical Association of India]], New Delhi<ref name="ETASI">[http://www.etasi.org.in/health.html ETASI, ''health'']</ref><ref>The Christian Medical Association of India, Member Institutes in Andhra Pradesh. Internet, accessed 5 October 2008. {{cite web |url=http://www.ccih.org/grham/country/india/memb-andhra.htm |title=Christian Medical Association of India: Membership |accessdate=2008-10-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926170413/http://ccih.org/grham/country/india/memb-andhra.htm |archivedate=26 September 2008 }}</ref>

The Hospital also networks and collaborates with [[Christian Medical College]], [[Vellore]]<ref>Christian Medical College, Vellore, Networking. Internet, accessed 5 October 2008. [http://clin.cmcvellore.ac.in/otherwebsite/mission_support/networking.asp?start=41]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite thesis
| author=Prabhakara Rao, S., Rev.
| title=''The Medical Ministry of the Canadian Baptist Mission (Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars) 1890–1950''.
| date=March 1971
| publisher=Ramapatnam Baptist Theological College |type=Bacchelor thesis
| volume=
| issue=
| url =
}}
* {{cite journal
| author=G.Beaulah Pearl Sunanda
| title=''An Insight into the History of the Canadian Baptist Mission in Andhra Pradesh (1874–1924)''.
| year=1990
| journal= Unpublished M.Phil. (History) Thesis, Madras Christian College, Madras
| volume=
| issue=
| url =
}}
* {{cite book
| author=John Craig
| title=Forty years among the Telugus : a history of the mission of the Baptists of Ontario and Quebec, Canada, to the Telegus, South India 1867–1907
| year=1908
| volume=
| publisher= Self-publishing
| url =http://www.porthopehistory.com/johncraigsbook/johncraigbk_index.htm
}}
* {{cite book
| author=M. L. Orchard
| title=''Canadian Baptists at work in India''
| year=2008
| volume=
| publisher= Missionary Education Department of the Foreign Mission Board
| isbn=978-1-4086-7832-9| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=Ucw8fdwZg3wC&dq=gertrude+hulet&pg=PA200
}}
* {{cite book
| author=John Craig, J. R. Stillwell (Eds.)
| title=Telugu Trophies: The Jubilee story cf some of the principal Telugu converts in the Canadian Baptist Foreign Mission in India from 1874 to 1924
| year= 1924
| publisher= Canadian Baptist Foreign Mission Board
| url =https://archive.org/stream/MN41713ucmf_9/MN41713ucmf_9_djvu.txt
}}
* {{cite journal
|author = Martin Senftleben
|title = ''Influences of Hinduism on Christianity in Andhra Pradesh.''
|year = 1992
|journal = Unpublished PhD Thesis, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati
|volume = I & II
|url = http://www.drmartinus.de/bio/de/thesis1.pdf
|access-date = 5 October 2008
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081209131403/http://www.drmartinus.de/bio/de/thesis1.pdf
|archive-date = 9 December 2008
|url-status = dead
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:CBM Bethel Hospital}}
[[Category:Medical Council of India]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Krishna district]]
[[Category:Council of Christian Hospitals]]
[[Category:1906 establishments in India]]

Mohammad Shahabuddin

2025-12-20T09:54:36Z

Pendu Mania: improved article

'''Mohammad Shahabuddin''' is a Muslim male given name, and in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words ''[[Muhammad (name)| Mohammad]]'' ({{Langx|ar|مُحَمَّد|translit=Muḥammad}}) and ''[[Shihab al-Din (disambiguation)|Shihab al-Din]]'' ({{langx|ar| شهاب‌ الدین }}).

It may refer to:
* [[Muḥammad Shahābuddīn Ghorī]] (1144–1206), [[Ghurid dynasty|Sultan of the Ghurid Empire]]
* [[Muhammad Shahabuddin]] (1895–1971), former Chief Justice of Pakistan
* [[Mohamed Shahabuddeen]] (1931–2018), the former [[Vice President of Guyana]]
* [[Mohammed Shahabuddin]] (born 1949), the incumbent [[President of Bangladesh]]
* [[Md. Shahab Uddin]] (born 1954), Bangladeshi Minister.
* [[Mohammad Shahabuddin (Indian politician)]] (1967–2021), Indian politician from Bihar
* [[Nawabzada Shahabuddin Khan]]

{{given name|type=both}}

[[Category:Arabic-language masculine given names]]
[[Category:Masculine given names]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohammad Shahabuddin}}

Varun (actor)

2025-12-10T02:08:09Z

Pendu Mania: stub

{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1992)}}
{{other people|Varun|Varun (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Varun
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption = Actor Varun during the Bigboss Tamil Season 5
| birth_name = Jayandran Kamalakannan
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1992|12|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai, Tamil Nadu]], India
| othername =
| occupation = Actor
| yearsactive = 2013-present
| height = 183cm
| relatives = [[Ishari K. Ganesh]] (uncle)
}}

'''Varun''' is an Indian actor who predominantly works in Tamil cinema. He is the grandson of [[Isari Velan]]. His entry into the film industry occurred with his debut role in [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]]'s ''[[Oru Naal Iravil]]'' in 2015. Since then, he has consistently engaged in projects closely associated with acclaimed directors such as [[A. L. Vijay]] and [[Prabhu Deva]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Balachandran |first1=Logesh |date=2017-01-16 |title=Isari Velan's grandson in Victor's debut film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Isari-Velans-grandson-in-Victors-debut-film/articleshow/48375462.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208124734/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Isari-Velans-grandson-in-Victors-debut-film/articleshow/48375462.cms |archive-date=8 February 2017 |access-date=2024-01-29 |work=[[The Times of India |India Times]]}}</ref> In 2024, Varun collaborated with [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] on an action thriller titled ''[[Joshua Imai Pol Kaakha]]''.

==Career==
Varun commenced his career in the entertainment industry as a character artist, making his debut in [[A. L. Vijay]]'s ''[[Thalaivaa]]'' starring actor [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]. Subsequently, he worked as an assistant director under the guidance of A. L. Vijay for ''Thalaivaa''. Encouraged by A. L. Vijay, Varun collaborated with him as an actor and producer in the thriller film ''[[Oru Naal Iravil]]'' (2015), directed by film editor [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Subhakeerthana |first=S |date=2015-11-21 |title=Sathyaraj sir treated me like his son on sets: Varun Kamal |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151121/entertainment-kollywood/article/sathyaraj-sir-treated-me-his-son-sets-varun-kamal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820044255/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/151121/entertainment-kollywood/article/sathyaraj-sir-treated-me-his-son-sets-varun-kamal |archive-date=2017-08-20 |access-date=2024-01-29 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> In preparation for his role as a thirty-year-old auto driver, Varun underwent a notable physical transformation, gaining {{Convert|15|kg|lb|abbr=off|sp=us}}. The ensemble cast also included [[Sathyaraj]], [[Anumol]] and [[Yugi Sethu]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Jyothsna |date=2015-11-18 |title=Newcomer Varun talks about working in Oru Naal Iravil |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/newcomer-varun-talks-about-working-in-oru-naal-iravil.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429093034/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/newcomer-varun-talks-about-working-in-oru-naal-iravil.html |archive-date=29 April 2023 |access-date=2024-01-29 |work=Behind Woods }}</ref>
The film received positive reviews from critics, with [[Sify]] acknowledging Varun for portraying his role with "consummate ease," and Behindwoods commending his performance as the assistant of Sathyaraj.<ref name="behindwoods.com">{{cite web |date=2015-11-20 |title=Oru Naal Iravil (aka) Night Show review |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/oru-naal-iravil/oru-naal-iravil-review.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231190212/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/oru-naal-iravil/oru-naal-iravil-review.html |archive-date=31 December 2017 |access-date=2024-01-29 |work=Behind Woods }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Review: Oru Naal Iravil |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/oru-naal-iravil-review-tamil-pluthhaiddjeh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208040542/https://www.sify.com/movies/oru-naal-iravil-review-tamil-pluthhaiddjeh.html |archive-date=8 December 2015 |access-date=2024-01-29 |work=Sify Movies }}</ref>

[[Prabhu Deva]] recommended Varun for a role alongside [[Jayam Ravi]] and [[Arvind Swamy]] in the fantasy thriller ''[[Bogan (film)|Bogan]]'', where he portrayed a police officer, necessitating additional physical preparation.<ref name="behindwoods.com"/> Varun played character roles in [[Prabhu Deva]]'s production ''[[Sometimes (film)|Sometimes]]'' portraying a drug addict, and as the second lead actor in ''[[Neruppu Da]]'' with [[Vikram Prabhu]] and Vijay's ''[[Vanamagan]]'' alongside Ravi and [[Sayyeshaa]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Jyothsna |date=2016-09-07 |title=Varun on his next film with director Vijay and Jayam Ravi |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/varun-on-his-next-film-with-director-vijay-and-jayam-ravi.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917110109/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/varun-on-his-next-film-with-director-vijay-and-jayam-ravi.html |archive-date=17 September 2016 |access-date=2024-01-29 |work=Behind Woods }}</ref><ref name="Deccan Chronicle">{{cite web |last=Janani K |date=2016-07-14 |title=I look for unique roles: Varun |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/150716/i-look-for-unique-roles-varun.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717035101/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/150716/i-look-for-unique-roles-varun.html |archive-date=2016-07-17 |access-date=2024-01-29 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>

Varun marked his debut as a lead actor in the 2019 Tamil comedy-drama ''[[Puppy (2019 film)|Puppy]]'' co-starring with [[Samyuktha Hegde]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-09-22 |title=Puppy to hit screens on October 11 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/puppy-to-hit-screens-on-october-11/articleshow/71242002.cms |access-date=2024-06-27 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Continuing his trajectory, Varun headlined [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]’s action thriller titled ''[[Joshua: Imai Pol Kaakha]]'', released in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-16 |title=Gautham Vasudev Menon's Joshua Imai Pol Kaakha gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/feb/16/gautham-vasudev-menons-joshua-imai-polkaakhagets-release-date-52104.html |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
! Year
! Film
! Role
!class=unsortable| Notes
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Thalaivaa]]'' || Vishwa's friend || Uncredited role
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Oru Naal Iravil]]'' || Soori ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2017 || ''[[Bogan (film)|Bogan]]'' || Sathya ||
|-
| ''[[Vanamagan]]'' || Vignesh (Vicky) ||
|-
| ''[[Neruppu Da]]'' || Dhana ||
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Sometimes (film)|Sometimes]]'' || Vivek ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2019 || ''[[LKG (film)|LKG]]'' || Sniper || Cameo appearance
|-
| ''[[Comali]]'' || Nagaraj ||
|-
|''[[Puppy (2019 film)|Puppy]]'' || Prabhu ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Seeru]]'' || Vyasarpadi Malli ||
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Kutty Story]]'' || Adam Vice ||Anthology film; Segment: ''Lokham''
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Joshua: Imai Pol Kaakha]]'' || Joshua Indiramagan ||
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
! Year
! Show
! Role
!class=unsortable| Notes
|-
| 2021-2022 || [[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 5)|''Bigg Boss Tamil 5'']]|| Contestant || 84 days
|-
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varun}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]
[[Category:1992 births]]

Radha Madan Mohan Temple, Vrindavan

2025-11-18T03:16:36Z

Pendu Mania: basic improve formatting for consistency and fixed typos

{{short description| Hindu temple dedicated to Radha Krishna in Vrindavan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
|name=Shri Radha Madan Mohan Temple
|festivals=[[Janmashtami]], [[Radhashtami]], [[Holi]], [[Gopashtami]], [[Sharad Purnima]], [[Kartik Purnima]]
|location=[[Vrindavan]]
|year_completed=1580 AD
|founded_by=[[Sanatana Goswami]], Kapur Ram Das
|deity=[[Radha Krishna|Radha Madanmohan]]
|architecture_style=[[Hindu temple architecture#Dravida and Nagara architecture|Nagara]]
|height_max=50 fts
|district=[[Mathura]]
|image=Radha Madanmohan temple Vrindavan.jpg
|caption= Radha Madan Mohan Temple, Vrindavan.
|materials=Red sandstone
|map_type=India Uttar Pradesh
|map_caption=Location in [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|coordinates={{coord|27.57976|77.69051
|type:landmark_region:IN-UP
|display=inline,title}}}}
'''Shri Radha Madan Mohan Temple,''' also referred as '''Madan Mohan Temple'''.<ref>[https://mathura.nic.in/madan-mohan-mandir/ Shri Radha Madan Mohan Ji Temple, Vrindavan] Mathura District official website</ref> is a 16th-century [[Hindu temple]] situated in [[Vrindavan]] of [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mukherjee|first1=Tarapada|last2=Habib|first2=Irfan|date=1988|title=The Mughal Administration and the Temples of Vrindavan During the Reigns of Jahangir and Shahjahan|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44148393|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=49|pages=287–300|jstor=44148393 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Prasad|first=Pushpa|title=Vrindaban in Eighteenth Century: Side Lights from Nagari Documents |date=2002|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44158110|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=63|pages=415–422|jstor=44158110 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> It is one of the oldest and highly revered temple of Vrindavan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=MUKHERJEE|first1=TARAPADA|last2=HABIB|first2=IRFAN|date=1987|title=Akbar and the Temples of Mathura and its Environs|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44141685|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=48|pages=234–250|jstor=44141685 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> The presiding deity of the temple is [[Madan Mohan]], a form of the god [[Krishna]] who is present in the central altar of the temple with his consort goddess [[Radha]] and [[Lalita (gopi)|Lalita gopi]] on either sides of him.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Madan Mohan Temple, Vrindavan - Timings, History, Pooja & Aarti schedule|url=https://www.trawell.in/uttar-pradesh/vrindavan/madan-mohan-temple|access-date=2021-07-02|website=Trawell.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Shri Radha Madan Mohan Temple|url=https://brajrasik.org/articles/5e653bdaf8bd370061fc1241/shri-radha-madan-mohan-temple|access-date=2021-07-02|website=Braj Ras - Bliss of Braj Vrindavan.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Anand |first=D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EsvSwdUgQYcC&q=radha+purana |title=Krishna: The Living God of Braj |date=1992 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-280-2 |pages=99 |language=en}}</ref> The temple is one of the earliest temples of Vrindavan which has architectural influences from existing Mughal architecture as well as Kalinga Nagara Style of Indian Temple Architecture.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bharti |first=Sushant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8NzXEAAAQBAJ |title=Madan Mohan: An Enchanting Saga |date=2024-03-26 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=979-8-88762-100-5 |language=en}}</ref>

The temple is built in the [[Hindu temple architecture#Dravida and Nagara architecture|Nagara]] style of architecture. On the bank of [[Yamuna|Yamuna River]], Radha Madan Mohan Temple stands at a height of 50 feet near Kaliya Ghat. It is also one of the most popular Goswami shrines in Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Sri Radha Madan Mohan Temple Vrindavan {{!}} Temple History & Best Time to Visit|url=https://www.tourmyindia.com/states/uttarpradesh/sri-radha-madan-mohan-temple-vrindavan.html|access-date=2021-07-02|website=tour-my-india}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Interior of the Madan Mohan temple, a watercolor by Seeta Ram, c.1814-15.jpg|130px|left|thumb|Interior of the Madan Mohan temple, c.1814-15.]]
[[File:Radha Madan Mohan Temple, Vrindavan, India - DPLA - 59fc522bab852175b9c7d75328d03045.jpg|thumb|140px|left|Original main entrance to the Radha Madan Mohan Temple, in 1860s.]]
{{Vaishnavism}}

According to popular folklore, the Shri Radha Madan Mohan temple in Vrindavan is said to be 5,000 years old. It was first believed to be constructed by the great-grandson of Krishna-Vajranabh. However, with time, deities were lost. Later, the deity of Madan Mohan was discovered at the base of an old banyan tree by [[Advaita Acharya]], when he visited Vrindavan. He entrusted the worship of Madana Mohan to his disciple, Purusottama Chaube, who then gave the deity to [[Sanatana Goswami]]. It is the deity saint Mira Bai worshipped during her stay at Vrindavan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sri Sri Radha Madan Mohan Temple|url=https://iskcondesiretree.com/page/sri-sri-radha-madan-mohan-temple|access-date=2021-07-02|website=iskcondesiretree.com}}</ref>

According to historical sources, it was in 1580 AD that this temple was rebuilt under the guidance of Sri Sanatana Goswami by a Multan trader, Kapur Ram Das. As the temple was invaded by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Aurangzeb]] in 1670 AD, the original idol of Madan Mohan was secretly shifted to [[Jaipur]] by King [[Jai Singh I|Jai Singh]] overnight before the attack of Aurangzeb on Vrindavan and Mathura temples.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Shri Radha Madan Mohan Mandir {{!}} श्री राधा मदन मोहन मंदिर {{!}} Vrindavan Uttar Pradesh {{!}} About, Aarti, Timings, Photo, How to Reach|url=https://www.bhaktibharat.com/en/mandir/madan-mohan-mandir|access-date=2021-07-02|website=BhaktiBharat.com|language=en}}</ref> Later, the deities are shifted to [[Karauli]] by King Gopal Singh.<ref name=":0" /> The original deities of Shri Radha Madan Mohan temple are presently installed in [[Madan Mohan Temple, Karauli|Madan Mohan temple]] of Karauli, [[Rajasthan]].

The original deity of Madan Mohan is said to exactly resemble Krishna from the waist down. In 1748 AD, a replica of Madan Mohan was established in the Madan Mohan temple, Vrindavan. In 1819 AD, Nanda Kumar Basu, a zamindar from [[Baharu]], rebuilt the temple at the top of the hill near the Yamuna river.<ref name=":1" /> Presently, Shri Radha Madan Mohan temple of Vrindavan houses the replica of the original deities, which are installed in the Madan Mohan temple, Karauli.<ref name=":0" />

== Architecture ==
Shri Radha Madan Mohan temple has the Nagara style of architecture. It is built in an oval shape with red sandstone. The temple is 20 meters high and is situated near the river Yamuna.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

== Temple timings ==

The time zone ([[UTC+05:30]]) observed in India by the priest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Madan Mohan Temple Vrindavan (Timings, History, Entry Fee, Images, Aarti, Location & Phone) - Vrindavan Tourism 2021|url=https://vrindavantourism.in/madan-mohan-temple-vrindavan|access-date=2021-07-02|website=vrindavantourism.in}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

* Winter Timings: Morning 7:00 am to 12:00 pm, Evening 4:00 pm to 8:00 pm.
* Summer Timings : Morning 6:00 am to 11:00 am, Evening 5:00 pm to 9:30 pm.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Madanmohan-ji.jpg|Original [[murti]]s of [[Radha]](right), [[Krishna]] (at center), Lalita Gopi (left) at [[Madan Mohan Temple, Karauli]].
File:Madan Mohan temple, on the Yamuna, Vrindavan, 1789.jpg| Pencil art depicting Shri Radha Madan Mohan temple on banks of Yamuna, 1789.
File:Oriental Scenery Fig 2.jpg|Madan Mohan Temple, 1795.
File:Madan-Mohan-Mandir-N-UP-A197.jpg| Outer structure of Shri Radha Madan Mohan temple, Vrindavan.
File:Courtyard of a temple at Brindaban by Seetaram.jpg| Interior of the Shri Radha Madan Mohan temple, a watercolor by Seeta Ram, c.1814-15.
File: MadanMohanmandir.jpg|Front view of temple.
File:Vrindavan - India (12955794664).jpg|Devotees worshiping inside the premises of temple.
File:*Another_view_of_the_temples,_from_the_river_side,_by_the_Daniells.jpg| Shri Radha Madan Mohan temple, Vrindavan 1789 painting.
File:Madanmohan Mandir Vrindavan.JPG|Radha Madan Mohan temple in Vrindavan
File:311 of 'Mathurá- a District Memoir. By F. S. Growse ... Second edition. Illustrated, revised and enlarged' (11137426104).jpg|Floor plan of the temple complex.

</gallery>

== Nearby attractions ==

* Kaliya Ghat
* [[Bankey Bihari Temple]]
* [[Radha Raman Temple|Radha Ramana Temple]]
* [[Nidhivan, Vrindavan|Nidhivan]]
* Seva Kunj
* [[Sanatana Goswami]] Samadhi
* Ashta Sakhi Temple.<ref name=":2" />

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|Hinduism|India}}}}
* [[Hinduism in India]]
* [[List of Hindu temples in India]]
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra circle]]
* [[Madan Mohan]]
* [[Radha Krishna]]
* [[Sanatana Goswami]]
* [[Radha Krishna Vivah Sthali, Bhandirvan]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Madan Mohan Temple, Vrindavan}}
* [https://mathura.nic.in/madan-mohan-mandir/ Shri Radha Madan Mohan Ji Temple, Vrindavan] Mathura District official website.

[[Category:Krishna temples]]
[[Category:Radha Krishna temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Mathura district]]
[[Category:Vrindavan]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Mathura district]]
[[Category:16th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Uttar Pradesh]]

Gadari Kishore

2025-11-11T17:15:16Z

Pendu Mania: added info

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1985)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dr. Gadari Kishore Kumar
| image = Gadari Kishore, 2018.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1981|06|16}}
| birth_place = [[Thungathurthy]], [[Telangana]]
| residence =
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]]
| term = 2014–2023
| spouse =
| children =
| constituency = [[Thungathurthi (SC) (Assembly constituency)|Thungathurthi]]
| predecessor = Mothukupalli Narsimhulu
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
| signature =
| party = [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]
| occupation = Politician
| successor = [[Mandula Samuel]]
}}
'''Dr. Gadari Kishore Kumar''' (born 16 June 1981) is an Indian politician from [[Telangana]]. He was representing [[Thungathurthi (SC) (Assembly constituency)|Thungathurthi Assembly constituency]]. He belongs to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/fate-of-govt-schools-hangs-in-the-balance/article22755647.ece|title = Fate of govt. Schools hangs in the balance|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 15 February 2018|last1 = Pradeep|first1 = B.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/telangana/golden-telangana-is-possible-with-only-trs-says-jagadish-reddy|title = Golden Telangana is possible with only TRS: Jagadish Reddy}}</ref>

==Early life==
Dr. Gadari Kishore Kumar was born in Nalgonda in Nalgonda district, Telangana to Maraiah. He attended AP Residential School, Sarvail, Nalgonda from 1990-96. He did his Masters in Journalism and Mass Communication (MCJ) at Osmania University in 2006. He joined to pursue his doctorate in 2010 and received his doctorate in Journalism and Mass Communication in 2017.

He actively participated in [[Telangana movement]] as student leader at OUJAC, [[Osmania University]].<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Its-a-dream-realised-for-Osmania-University-students/articleshow/35916944.cms It's a dream realised for Osmania University students]</ref> He is known for his oratorial skills.

==Political career==
He joined [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] in 2004 and contested from Thungathurthi in [[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2014 Telangana Assembly Elections]] & [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018 Telangana Elections]] and was elected as MLA by defeating opponents 2 times.<ref>[http://www.indiavotes.com/ac/details/61/34823/239 Thungathurthi results]</ref>

==Personal life==
He married on 14 August 2014, after becoming an MLA.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2014-08-28/KCR-attends-MLA’s-wedding-reception-106158 | title=KCR attends MLA's wedding reception | date=28 August 2014 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kishore, Gadari}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharat Rashtra Samithi politicians]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2014–2018]]
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2018–2023]]

Parsi–Muslim riots

2025-10-29T14:57:14Z

Pendu Mania:

{{short description|Riots which occurred in 1851 in Bombay}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox civil conflict|title= Parsi–Muslim Riots of 1851, 1857 , 1874 and 1885|date=17 October 1851, 10 May 1857, 13 February 1874 and 26 November 1885| partof = [[Religious violence in India]]|place=[[Bombay]] (now [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]])|coordinates={{coord|19.0760|N|72.8777|E|display=inline,title}}|causes=Publication of Muhammad (a Muslim taboo) by the Parsee press, on both occasions.|injuries=7 Muslims and 4 Parsees{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}|map_type=India Maharashtra|map_label=Bombay|map_caption=Location of the riots}}

The '''Parsi–Muslim riots''' occurred in 1851 in [[Mumbai|Bombay]],<ref name="Menon 2018 pp33-34">
{{cite book|last=Menon|first=Meena|title=Riots and After in Mumbai: Chronicles of Truth and Reconciliation|year=2018|publisher=SAGE Publication India Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-9352806140|pages=33–34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wLcyDQAAQBAJ|accessdate=16 March 2020}}
</ref> and were reprised in 1874 in parts of [[Gujarat]]. These marked the beginning of a period of tension in the two communities. The first riot took place over the blurred depiction of the Islamic prophet, [[Muhammad]], and his appearance in a public print by a [[Parsis|Parsi]] newspaper, ''Chitra Gyan Darpan,'' in October 1851. A second riot place in May 1857, over a Parsi named Bejonji Sheriaiji Bharucha was accused of disrespecting a mosque by some [[Muslims]]. A third riot took place on 13 February 1874, over an article on the life of Muhammad in a book entitled ''Famous Prophets and Communities''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6oNt3M_yLgC&q=9789004121140|title=The Parsis of India: Preservation of Identity in Bombay City|last=Palsetia|first=Jesse S.|date=1 January 2001|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004121145|language=en}}</ref>

== History ==

=== 1851 ===
The first Parsi–Muslim riot began on 17 October 1851<ref name="Menon 2018 pp33-34"/> and lasted for a month, after a copy of a [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] article depicted [[Muhammad]]. The article, published by Parsi newspaper ''Chitra Gyan Darpan'', was posted on the wall of the [[Jama Mosque, Mumbai|Jama Masjid]] in Bombay.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://scroll.in/article/700501/how-an-accidentally-distorted-drawing-of-the-prophet-led-to-a-riot-in-19th-century-mumbai|title=How an accidentally distorted drawing of the Prophet led to a riot in 19th-century Mumbai|last=Chari|first=Mridula|work=Scroll.in|access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref> People leaving the mosque after [[Namaz]] (around 11 a.m.) saw it and were enraged, as [[Islam]] forbids the [[depictions of Muhammad|pictorial depiction of Muhammad]]. Due to the printer, an image of Muhammad was published with a blemish over one of his eyes, making him look blinded in that eye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.frontline.in/the-nation/story-of-two-riots/article5233190.ece|title=Story of two riots|work=Frontline|access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref>

Parsis were attacked by the mob on the streets and in their homes. Shops were looted, [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] [[fire temple]]s were ransacked and jewellery was stolen. The ''[[kotwal]]'' tried stopping the riots but failed to do so. The police were unable to stop the violence. A curfew was declared and the army was posted in various parts of the city.<ref name=":1" />

One month later, a meeting was held on 24 November 1851 between members of both communities where [[Cursetjee|Cursetji]] clarified that it was not the intention to hurt Muslim feelings by depicting their prophet. He explained that it was just a piece of information about Muhammad, like all other remarkable personalities that the newspaper was used to publishing. He mentioned that the controversial work was copied from [[Simon Ockley]]. To demonstrate goodwill and friendship and to show that the two communities can peacefully coexist, [[Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy, 3rd Baronet|Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy]] and the [[Qadi|Kazi]] of Bombay rode together, sharing the same carriage through Muslim and Parsi neighbourhoods.<ref name=":0" />

=== 1857 ===
{{Further information| 1857 Bharuch riot}}

=== 1874 ===
On 15 June 1873, Rustomjee Hormusjee Jalbhoy published a book in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] that contained biographies of eminent personalities, including Muhammad. The tension was already building up when an article from ''The Memorial'' quoted:
{{Quote|text="a mob of Seedees and Arabs armed with sticks and stones invaded Abdool Rehman Street"|sign=|source=''The Memorial'', Friday, February 13, 1874}}
Sir Frank Henry Souter, the [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Commissioner of Police]] at that time, knew about the tensions, but failed to escalate police presence.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://parsikhabar.net/bombay/the-story-of-two-mumbai-riots-in-the-19th-century/6889/|title=The Story of Two Mumbai Riots in the 19th Century|date=18 October 2013|work=Parsi Khabar|access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref> The mob, practically unopposed, started attacking Parsis in their homes and on the streets. The next day, riots again erupted at [[Khetwadi Assembly constituency|Khetwadi]]. The following day, some Parsis began throwing stones at a Muslim funeral procession heading towards a cemetery. Four Parsis and seven Muslims were admitted to [[Jamsetjee Hospital]], where several other injured were also treated.<ref name=":1" />

Narayan Wassoodew and Dr. Blaney took the initiative to launch a Parsi and Muslim community "Reconciliation Movement".<ref name=":1" /> The Parsis demanded "sincere regret at the conduct of the lower classes of their co-religionists" from the Muslims, but the movement failed.<ref name=":1" /> This was due to the fact that the Muslims had failed to submit to the Parsi leaders an authenticated copy of the resolution, despite the Parsis' insistence on it.

=== 1885 ===
{{see also|1857 Bharuch riot#Aftermath}}
There was another riot between Parsis and Muslims on 26 November 1885 when land to build a [[Dargah]] was not granted by the authorities. As there were Parsi members in the [[Municipal council (India)|Municipal Council]], they were accused of not granting it.<ref name="WilliamsStewart2016">{{cite book|author1=Alan Williams|author2=Sarah Stewart|title=The Zoroastrian Flame: Exploring Religion, History and Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rp2LDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT384|date=16 February 2016|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-0-85772-886-9|pages=384–385}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[1857 Bharuch riot]]
* [[Bombay Dog Riots]]
* [[List of riots in India]]
* [[Zoroastrianism in India]]
* [[Persecution of Zoroastrians#Persecution of Zoroastrians by Muslims|Persecution of Zoroastrians by Muslims]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Riots in India}}
{{Zoroastrianism}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parsi-Muslim riots}}
[[Category:Religious riots in India]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Gujarat]]
[[Category:1851 in India]]
[[Category:1857 in India]]
[[Category:1874 in India]]
[[Category:1885 in India]]
[[Category:1850s riots]]
[[Category:1874 riots]]
[[Category:1885 riots]]
[[Category:October 1851]]
[[Category:May 1857]]
[[Category:February 1874]]
[[Category:November 1885]]
[[Category:Islam in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Zoroastrianism in India]]
[[Category:History of Islam in India]]

Prayagraj–Mau–Gorakhpur main line

2025-10-21T09:22:23Z

Pendu Mania:

{{short description|Indian rail line}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width = 28em
| name = [[Prayagraj]]–[[Mau, Uttar Pradesh|Mau]]–[[Gorakhpur]] Main line
| color =
| logo =
| logo_width = 100px
| type = Passenger and freight train line
| system =
| status = Operational
| locale = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| start = {{Stnlnk|Prayagraj Junction}}
| end = {{Stnlnk|Gorakhpur Junction}}
| stations = 51
| routes =
| open = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1930}}
| close =
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[North Eastern Railway zone|North Eastern Railway]], [[North Central Railway zone|North Central Railway]]
| character =
| depot =
| stock = * '''''Diesel locos:''''' [[Indian locomotive class WDM-2|WDM-2]], [[Indian locomotive class WDM-3A|WDM-3A]], [[WDP 4]] and [[WDG 4]]
| linelength = {{convert|330.720|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| tracklength = {{convert|356|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| minradius =
| racksystem =
| speed = up to 110 km/h
| elevation =
| website =
| map = {{Allahabad–Mau–Gorakhpur main line}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

'''Prayagraj–Mau–Gorakhpur Main line''' is a passenger and freight train line operating in the [[Uttar Pradesh]] state of India. The line has 51 stations, between its start at {{stnlnk|Prayagraj Junction}} to its point of termination at {{stnlnk|Gorakhpur Junction}}.

==Operation==
The Allahabad–Mau–Gorakhpur mainline is owned by [[Indian Railways]], and operated by [[North Eastern Railway zone|North Eastern Railway]] and [[North Central Railway zone|North Central Railway]] respectively.

==Technical information==
The length of the line is {{convert|330.720|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}, with the length of the track being {{convert|356|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. Using {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]{{track gauge|1676 mm}} track, the rolling stock on the line includes the diesel locomotives; [[Indian locomotive class WDM-2|WDM-2]], [[Indian locomotive class WDM-3A|WDM-3A]], [[WDP 4]] and [[WDG 4]]. The main line is now electrified. There is a max operating speed of up to 110 km/h.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianrailwaynotes.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/north-eastern-railway.pdf |title=North Eastern Railway |website=indianrailwaynotes.files.wordpress.com |access-date=21 May 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Allahabad - Mau - Gorakhpur main line}}
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Main railway lines of India]]
[[Category:North Eastern Railway zone|*]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1930]]
[[Category:Lucknow NER railway division|*]]
[[Category:Varanasi railway division|*]]
[[Category:Prayagraj railway division|*]]
[[Category:Transport in Prayagraj district]]
[[Category:Transport in Gorakhpur district]]
[[Category:Mau district]]

Vellore Spiny brinjal

2025-10-17T11:08:28Z

Pendu Mania: stub...

{{Short description|Type of Brinjal variety from Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Infobox geographical indication
| name = Vellore Spiny brinjal
| image = Closeup of unplucked Vellore Spiny Brinjal in a field from Elavambadi village.jpg
| alt = Close-up of an unplucked Vellore Spiny Brinjal in a field in Elavambadi village
| caption = Close-up of an unplucked Vellore Spiny Brinjal in a field in Elavambadi village
| alternative names = Elavambadi Mullu Kathrikai
| description = [[Brinjal]] variety cultivated in [[Tamil Nadu]]
| type = Agricultural
| area = Vellore
| country = India
| registered = 22 February 2023
| material =
| official website ={{URL|https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GirPublic/Application/Details/788|ipindia.gov.in}}}}

'''Vellore Spiny brinjal''' is a variety of [[brinjal]] grown in the [[State of India|Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The local thorny brinjal becomes pricey |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/The-local-thorny-brinjal-becomes-pricey/article14509307.ece |access-date=1 December 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=25 July 2016 }}</ref> It originated as a tropical vegetable crop from the village of [[Elavambadi]] located in [[Vellore district]]. It is primarily cultivated in the Vellore district, specifically in the areas of [[Anaicut block|Anaicut]], [[Kaniyambadi block|Kaniyambadi]], [[Gudiyattam block|Gudiyatham]], [[K. V. Kuppam block|K. V. Uppam]], [[Vellore]], [[Katpadi taluk|Katpadi]], and [[Pernambut]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sivakumar |first1=R. |title=Soon, Vellore’s spiny brinjal to get GI tag |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/Jul/20/soon-vellores-spiny-brinjal-to-get-gi-tag-2332599.html |access-date=1 December 2024 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=21 July 2021 }}</ref> It was recognized as a unique [[List of geographical indications in India|Geographical Indication]] (GI) in February 2023 by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Vellore Spiny Brinjal |url=https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/788 |work=Intellectual Property India |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref>

==Name==
Vellore Spiny brinjal is a popular, native vegetable crop in Vellore and so named after it. The term "Spiny" is used as this brinjal variety is easily identifiable due to its distinctive thorns.<ref name=":0" />

===Local name===
It is locally known as 'Elavambadi Mullu Kathrikai' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: எலவம்பாடி முள்ளு கத்திரிகை) in the local state language of [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kandavel |first1=Sangeetha |title=GI tag sought for Vellore Spiny Brinjal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/gi-tag-sought-for-vellore-spiny-brinjal/article37242133.ece |access-date=1 December 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=29 October 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref> This name refers to the village of its origin, Elavambadi, and literally translates to "thorny brinjal" (Mullu: thorns, Kathrikai: brinjal).<ref>{{cite web |title=5 Tasty South Indian Brinjal Recipes |url=https://www.news18.com/web-stories/lifestyle/5-tasty-south-indian-brinjal-recipes-2443409/ |website=www.news18.com |access-date=1 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Description==
Some points about Vellore Spiny brinjal:<ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu's Ramnad Mundu Chillies, Vellore Spiny Brinjal Awarded GI Label {{!}} What It Means |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/tamil-nadus-ramnad-mundu-chillies-ramnad-mundu-chillies-awarded-gi-label-what-this-means-717852.html |access-date=1 December 2024 |work=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

===Characteristics===
* This variety has an oval shape with a glossy violet shade mixed with pink color, white stripes, and a green tinge. It has a soft and fleshy texture with few seeds, and an average weight of 40 grams.

===Cultivation===
* This variety is primarily grown in the Vellore district and is suitable for cultivation in three seasons: [[Kharif crop|Kharif]], [[Rabi crop|Rabi]], and summer. It is tolerant of drought and high temperatures.

===Culinary Uses===
* This variety can be prepared in various ways, including baking, barbecuing, frying, roasting, steaming, and pickling. It is suitable for making side dishes like Talsa for [[Biryani]], Brinjal Serwa, [[Sambar (dish)|Sambar]], Vathalkuzhambu, [[Poriyal]], and evening snacks.

===Unique Features===
* Thorns are present on all parts of the plant, except the actual brinjal crop. The thorns require skilled farmers for harvesting. Despite the thorny plant, the brinjal has a soft and fleshy texture.

==Photo Gallery==
Actual photos provided by SIMCO, located at Vellore - the original applicants for the Geographical Indication Tag.
<gallery>
File:I P.Krishnan from SIMCO supervising Vellore Spiny Brinjal crops.jpg|I P.Krishnan from SIMCO supervising Vellore Spiny Brinjal crops
File:Vellore Spiny Brinjal crop in the field from Elavambadi village.jpg|Vellore Spiny Brinjal crop in the field from Elavambadi village
File:Closeup of freshly harvested Vellore Spiny Brinjal.jpg|Closeup of freshly harvested Vellore Spiny Brinjal
File:Freshly harvested Vellore Spiny Brinjals.jpg|Freshly harvested Vellore Spiny Brinjals
File:Another photo of freshly harvested Vellore Spiny Brinjals.jpg|Another photo of freshly harvested Vellore Spiny Brinjals
File:Vellore Mullu Kathirikai Podi Curry.jpg|Vellore Mullu Kathirikai Podi Curry
</gallery>

==Geographical indication==
It was awarded the [[List of geographical indications in India|Geographical Indication]] (GI) status tag from the [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indications Registry]], under the [[Government of India|Union Government of India]], on 22 February 2023 and is valid until 28 October 2031.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vellore Spiny brinjal |url=https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/788 |website=Intellectual Property India |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref>

South India Multi State Agriculture Cooperative Society Limited from Vellore, proposed the GI registration of Vellore Spiny brinjal. After filing the application in October 2021, the Brinjal was granted the GI tag in 2023 by the Geographical Indication Registry in [[Chennai]], making the name "Vellore Spiny brinjal" exclusive to the Brinjal grown in the region. It thus became the first brinjal variety from Tamil Nadu and the 46th type of goods from Tamil Nadu to earn the GI tag.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |title=Vellore Spiny Brinjal, Ramnad Mundu Chilli conferred GI tag in Tamil Nadu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/vellore-spiny-brinjal-ramnad-mundu-chilli-conferred-geographical-indications-tag-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/98220733.cms |access-date=1 December 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=25 February 2023}}</ref>

The GI tag protects the brinjal from illegal selling and marketing, and gives it legal protection and a unique identity.

==See also==
*[[Jalgaon Bharit Brinjal]]
*[[Agsechi Vayingim (Agassaim Brinjal)]]
*[[Nayagarh Kanteimundi brinjal]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Eggplants]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Tamil cuisine]]
[[Category:GI Tagged Brinjal varieties of India]]
[[Category:Economy of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Agriculture in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Vellore district]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in Tamil Nadu]]

Nuklutoshi

2025-08-12T00:09:18Z

Pendu Mania:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
'''Nuklutoshi Longkumer''' (born 1967)<ref name=":1" /> is an Indian politician from [[Nagaland]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Digital Desk |first=Northeast Live |date=23 February 2023 |title=Arkakong Constituency & Candidates contesting the 2023 Assembly Elections |url=https://northeastlivetv.com/ne-election-2023/nagaland-ne-election-2023/constituencies/arkakong-constituency-candidates-contesting-the-2023-assembly-elections%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=Northeast Live |language=en-US}}</ref> He is a three-time MLA from [[Arkakong Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]], in [[Mokokchung district|Mokokchung District]]. He won the [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]], representing [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2023 |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Members of Nagaland Legislative Assembly {{!}} Nagaland State Portal |url=https://nagaland.gov.in/pages/members-of-nagaland-legislative-assembly |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=nagaland.gov.in}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Nuklutoshi is from [[Arkakong Assembly constituency|Arkakong]], Mokokchung District, Nagaland. He is the son of late Suzutemjen. He completed his B.Sc. in 1994 at a college affiliated with [[Manipur University]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Nuklutoshi(NPP):Constituency- ARKAKONG (ST)(MOKOKCHUNG) – Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Nagaland2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=6854 |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Nuklutoshi won from the [[Arkakong Assembly constituency|Arkakong constituency]], representing the National People's Party in the 2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election. He polled 9,387 votes and defeated his nearest rival and sitting MLA, Imnatiba of the [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]], by a margin of 3,029 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Nagaland election result 2023: Full list of winners constituency-wise |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nagaland-election-winner-list-2023-ndpp-bjp-winner-candidate-list-for-nagaland-assembly-election-2023-leading-trailing-candidate-party-101677731585125.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> He became an MLA for the first time winning the [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]] representing [[Naga People's Front]]. In 2008, he polled 9,035 votes and defeating his nearest rival, Takatiba Masa Ao of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 580 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2023 |title=Arkakong Election Result: अरकाकोंग (ST) सीट पर NPP के नुक्‍लूतोशी जीते, NDPP के इम्नातिबा को हराया |url=https://hindi-news18-com.translate.goog/news/nation/arkakong-nagaland-election-result-winner-looser-2023-npp-nkulutoshi-wins-defeats-ndpp-imnatiba-5439835.html?_x_tr_sl=hi&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc&_x_tr_hist=true |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref> He retained the seat for NPF, in the [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]], again beating Masa Ao of the Congress, by a margin of 1,450 votes. However, he lost the [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]] to Imnatiba, by 793 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagaland Election: Arkakong Assembly constituency result 2023 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/acno22-acno22.html |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> He regained the seat and became an MLA for the third time in the [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023 Assembly election]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=GENERAL ELECTION TO VIDHAN SABHA TRENDS & RESULT MARCH-2023 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS1722.htm?ac=22 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nuklutoshi}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:National People's Party (India) politicians]]
[[Category:Naga People's Front politicians]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Mokokchung district]]

Lalthlamuong Keivom

2025-08-05T21:17:27Z

Pendu Mania: created basic data w/ refs!

{{Short description|Indian diplomat (1939–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lalthlamuong Keivom
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1939|7|15}}
| birth_place = [[Manipur]], [[British Raj]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|11|28|1939|7|15|df=y}}
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Academic Writer
| yearsactive =
| known for = [[Mizo literature]] & Hmar Literature

| spouse = Dari Keivom
| domesticpartner =
| children = 4 children
| parents = Hrangthatfieng Keivom and Khawtinhnieng
| website = zoramkhawvel.com
| signature =
| awards = Book of the Year Award, Mizo Academy of Letters
}}

'''Lalthlamuong Keivom''' (15 July 1939 – 28 November 2021) was an Indian diplomat, writer and composer of [[Mizo literature]] and [[Hmar language|Hmar]] literature.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lalthlamuong Keivom : 1st Indian Foreign Service Officer from Manipur :: Profile |url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Profile_of_Manipuri_Personalities.Lalthlamuong_Keivom_1st_Indian_Foreign_Service_Officer_from_Manipur_Profile |website=Epao |access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref> Keivom was nicknamed '''Zoram Khawvel Pa''' after his treatise ''Zoram Khawvel'' and for his contribution towards the integration of [[Zo people]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Former diplomat, noted litterateur Lalthlamuong Keivom dies at 82 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/nov/28/former-diplomat-noted-litterateur-lalthlamuong-keivom-dies-at-82-2389168.html |website=new Indian express |access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Lalthlamuong Keivom was born on July 15, 1939, in [[Pherzawl]], located in [[Pherzawl district]] of Manipur. He completed his Master of Arts degree in History from [[Gauhati University]]. He grew up in a large family of thirteen siblings, with his father named Hrangthatfieng Keivom and his mother named Khawtinhnieng.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vanchiau |first=C. Lalawmpuia |date=2019 |title=In Conversation with L. Keivom |url=https://miels.in/uploads/journals/In%20Conversation%20with%20L.%20Keivom.pdf |journal=Journal of MIELS |volume=6 |pages=731–754}}</ref>

==Career==
Lalthlamuong Keivom started his career as a teacher in [[Manipur]] in 1963, he later joined Sielmat Christian College, [[Lamka]] (1966–67) after which he was with the [[Indian Revenue Service]] from 1967 to 1970.<ref>{{cite web |title=Former diplomat and famous litterateur El Kivom passes away, will always be remembered for the unification of 'Jo Hannathalak' |url=https://www.newsncr.com/national/former-diplomat-and-famous-litterateur-el-kivom-passes-away-will-always-be-remembered-for-the-unification-of-jo-hannathalak/ |website=newsncr |access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref> In 1970 he joined the [[Indian Foreign Service]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Former Diplomat And Noted Litterateur Lalthlamuong Keivom Passes Away |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/mizoram-news/former-diplomat-and-noted-litterateur-lalthlamuong-keivom-passes-away-565257 |website=Sentinelassam |access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref> During his service period as an IFS Officer he was posted in different countries: Nairobi, Kenya (1976–80); Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (1980–83); Wellington, New Zealand (1983–85); Rangoon, Burma (1986–90); Milan, Italy (1990–93); Male, Maldives (1994–97).<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram: Former Indian Diplomat and mizo litterateur L.Keivom passes away |url=https://www.insidene.com/mizoram-former-indian-diplomat-and-mizo-litterateur-l-keivom-passes-away/ |website=insidene |access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref> Towards the end of his diplomatic career he was posted to [[Delhi]] (1997–2002) and retired in 2002 and engaged in literature till his death.

==Publications==
L. Keivom has written and published more than 20 books in [[Hmar language|Hmar]]:
*Thralai Hlabu (1963);
*Hmar Hla Suina (1980);
*Zangkhaw Bungbu (2000);
*Nun Ram, Ka Nun (2001);
*Baibul (Hmar)-Holy Bible, Delhi Version (2007)
*Rabindranath Tagore's Nobel Prize winning work<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram: Former diplomat, litterateur Lalthlamuong passes away |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/mizoram/mizoram-diplomat-lalthlamuong.html |website=nenow |access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref>
*The Gitanjali (translated in 1974 and now in the press).
*Keivom Diary (Collection of Articles)

In [[Mizo language|Mizo]]:
*Zoram Khawvel 1–8, Bawktlang Thawnthu<ref>{{cite web |title=Former diplomat noted litterateur L Keivom dies at 82 |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2021/11/28/ces5-mz-keivom.html |website=theweek |access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref>
*Thuthlung Ram
*Pherzawl Titi
*L.KeivomThukhawchang 1–2

==See also==
{{portal|India|Literature}}
* [[Mizo literature]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keivom, Lalthlamuong}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Diplomats for India]]
[[Category:Mizo people]]
[[Category:Indian male writers]]

{{India-academic-bio-stub}}

Murgud

2025-07-05T03:11:23Z

Pendu Mania: formatting fix

{{moresources|date=October 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Murgud
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = city
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.4|N|74.2|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kolhapur district|Kolhapur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 556
| population_total = 22412
| population_as_of = 2025
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 416219
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Murgud''' is a city and a [[municipal council]] in [[Kolhapur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].

==Geography==
Murgud is located at {{coord|16.4|N|74.2|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/16/Murgud.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Murgud]</ref> It has an average elevation of 556  metres (1824 feet).

The main water source for drinking and farming is '''Sarpirajirao lake'''. It is situated to the east of Murgud. The major crop in the Murgud area is sugarcane, as there is water available year-round. Murgud comes from a Kannada word meaning "three mountains", as the village is surrounded by three mountains.

==Demographics==
As of the 2011 India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Murgud had a population of 11,194. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Murgud has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 64%. In Murgud, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Murgud has a historical background which dates back to 1600.

Out of the total population, 4,125 were engaged in work or business activity. Of this 2,990 were males while 1,135 were females. In census survey, worker is defined as person who does business, job, service, and cultivator and labour activity. Of total 4125 working population, 85.41% were engaged in Main Work while 14.59% of total workers were engaged in marginal work.

Murgud has an area of 11.71 km2 divided into 17 wards.

==References==
<references/>

{{Kolhapur district topics}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kolhapur district]]

Dhaneswarpur

2025-06-12T08:36:42Z

Pendu Mania: expand references and added references for consistency

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dhaneswarpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = bn
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22|00|29.5|N|87|25|03.4|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2,000
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Medinipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Medinipur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Dantan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dantan]]
| website = {{URL|paschimmedinipur.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Dhaneswarpur''' is a village, in the [[Dantan II]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Kharagpur subdivision]] of the [[Paschim Medinipur district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=450| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|0|0|N|87|30|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in the southern portion of Kharagpur subdivision (including Dantan I & II, Mohanpur, Keshiary, Narayangarh and Sabang CD blocks) of Paschim Medinipur district''' CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1= {{coord|21|56|26|N|87|17|39|E}}| label-pos1=right|label1=Chaulia | numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Chaulia]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|4|39|N|87|19|30|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2=Deuli | numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Deuli, India]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|4|48|N|87|20|30|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Belda | numbered3=R| mark-title3= [[Belda]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|21|54|38|N|87|16|12|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Dantan | numbered4=R| mark-title4= [[Dantan]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|0|29|N|87|25|3|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Dhaneswarpur | numbered5=R| mark-title5= Dhaneswarpur (R)|shape-color5=black| label-size5=13|label-color5=black 
|mark-coord6={{coord|21|57|51|N|87|28|46|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=Kashmuli | numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Kashmuli]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|7|23|N|87|14|33|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Keshiary | numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Keshiary]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|21|57|51|N|87|24|25|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Khandrui | numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Khandrui]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|13|20|N|87|33|43|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9=Lutunia | numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Lutunia]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|21|50|33|N|87|25|17|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Mohanpur | numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Mohanpur, Paschim Medinipur]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|10|2|N|87|23|5|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Narayangarh | numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Narayangarh, Paschim Medinipur]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|10|58|N|87|35|56|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Sabang | numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Sabang, Paschim Medinipur]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|21|59|33|N|87|17|47|E}}| label-pos13=right|label13= Moghalmari| numbered13=H| mark-title13= [[Moghalmari]] (H) |shape-color13=#AA6666
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|5|40|N|87|15|9|E}}| label-pos14=right|label14= Kurumbera Fort| numbered14=H| mark-title14= [[Kurumbera Fort]] (H) |shape-color14=#AA6666
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|13|23|N|87|40|48|E}}| label-pos15=right|label15= Bhemwa| numbered15=H| mark-title15= [[Bhemwa]] (H) |shape-color15=#AA6666
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|11|29|N|87|43|18|E}}| label-pos16=bottom|label16= Dubrajpur| numbered16=H| mark-title16= [[Dubrajpur, Paschim Medinipur]] (H) |shape-color16=#AA6666
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|11|10|N|87|40|7|E}}| label-pos17=left|label17= Kerur| numbered17=H| mark-title17= [[Kerur, Paschim Medinipur]] (H) |shape-color17=#AA6666
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|5|40|N|87|31|32|E}}| label-pos18=right|label18= Kolanda| numbered18=H| mark-title18= [[Kolanda, Paschim Medinipur]] (H) |shape-color18=#AA6666
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|12|40|N|87|35|2|E}}| label-pos19=right|label19= Shrirampur| numbered19=H| mark-title19= [[Shrirampur, Paschim Medinipur]] (H) |shape-color19=#AA6666
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|14|20|N|87|39|17|E}}| label-pos20=left|label20= Tilantapara| numbered20=H| mark-title20= [[Tilantapara]] (H) |shape-color20=#AA6666
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|7|53|N|87|32|4|E}}| label-pos21=right|label21= Adasimla| numbered21=H| mark-title21= [[Adasimla]] (H) |shape-color21=#AA6666
|arc-coordA={{coord|21|46|0|N|87|15|0|E}}|arc-textA= ODISHA| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=20| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}}

===Location===
Dhaneswarpur is located at {{coord|22|00|29.5|N|87|25|03.4|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
Kharagpur subdivision, shown partly in the map alongside, mostly has [[Alluvium|alluvial]] soils, except in two CD blocks in the west – Kharagpur I and Keshiary, which mostly have [[Laterite|lateritic]] soils. Around 74% of the total cultivated area is cropped more than once.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report| title = District Human Development Report Paschim Medinipur, 2011| work= page 27-28| publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 10 September 2020}}</ref> With a density of population of 787 per km2 nearly half of the district's population resides in this subdivision. 14.33% of the population lives in urban areas and 86.67% lives in the rural areas.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook Paschim Medinipur, 2013| work= Table 2.2, 2.4 (a)| publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics |access-date = 10 September 2020}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
As per [[2011 Census of India]] Dhaneswarpur had a total population of 2,000 of which 1,020 (51%) were males and 98 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 199. The total number of literates in Dhaneswarpur was 1,341 (67.05% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 20 November 2016 }}</ref>

==Civic administration==
===CD block HQ===
The headquarters of Dantan II CD block are located at Dhaneswarpur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1918_PART_A_DCHB_PASCHIM%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Paschim Medinipur | work= Map of Paschim Medinipur with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 20 November 2016 }}</ref>

==Transport==
[[State Highway 5 (West Bengal)|SH 5]] connecting Rupnarayanpur (in Bardhaman district) and Junput (in Purba Medinipur district) passes through Dhaneswarpur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 10 November 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Paschim Medinipur District}}

[[Category:Villages in Paschim Medinipur district]]

{{PaschimMedinipur-geo-stub}}

Jonnavittula Ramalingeswara Rao

2025-05-26T06:22:05Z

Pendu Mania: updated intro for accuracy

{{short description|Indian film lyricist and a poet (born 1959)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jonnavithula Ramalingeswara Rao
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1959|07|07}}<ref name="Sakshi article">{{cite web|title=గీత స్మరణం|url=http://www.sakshi.com/news/family/swara-kalpana-movie-song-written-by-jonnavittula-rama-lingeshwar-rao-55021|website=sakshi.com|publisher=Jagati Publications|access-date=9 December 2016|date=7 August 2013}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| education = [[Master of Arts|M. A]] (Telugu), ''Bhasha Praveena''
| father = Subbarao<ref name="Sakshi article"/>
| mother = Lakshmi Narasamma<ref name="Sakshi article"/>
| spouse = Seshu Kumari<ref name="Sakshi article"/>
| children = {{ubl|Lakshmi Suvarna| Lakshmi Annapoorna| Manikya Teja}}
| occupation = [[Lyricist]], [[Poet]], [[Avadhani]]
| awards = [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu]]
| years_active = 1986-present
}}

'''Jonnavithula Ramalingeswara Rao''' is an [[Indian film]] [[lyricist]], politician<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ఏపీలో మరో కొత్త పార్టీ ప్రారంభించిన సినిమా పాటల రచయిత.. ఎన్టీఆర్‌ ఫోటోతో జెండా! |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/andhra-pradesh/news/cinema-lyricist-jonnavithula-ramalingeswara-rao-launches-new-jai-telugu-party-in-andhra-pradesh/articleshow/101126771.cms |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}</ref> and a poet known for his works in [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Telugu Cinema]]. He is also known for his [[parody]] songs.<ref name="Parody time with Jonnavithula">{{cite news|title=Parody time with Jonnavithula|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/parody-time-with-jonnavithula/article3853999.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=9 December 2016|date=3 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="The Hans India article">{{cite web|title=Jonnavithula Ramalingeswara Rao Joins BJP|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2014-02-15/Jonnavithula-joins-BJP/86058|website=thehansindia.com|publisher=The Hans India|access-date=9 December 2016|date=15 February 2014}}</ref> He won [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu]] for the film ''[[Sri Rama Rajyam]]'' (2011).<ref name="indiaglitz">{{cite web|title=Nayan dedicates Filmfare award to Balayya|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/nayan-dedicates-filmfare-award-to-balayya-telugu-news-83601.html|work=India Glitz|access-date=9 December 2016|date=9 July 2012}}</ref>

He wrote 56 poems about Telugu language in the name of Telugu Sankharavam.<ref name="koumudi">{{cite web|last1=Kiran|first1=Prabha|title=Telugu Sankharavam|url=http://www.koumudi.net/Monthly/2010/september/sept_2010_sankharavam.htm|website=koumudi.net|publisher=Koumudi|access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Jonnavithula was born on 7 July 1959 in [[Vijayawada]] to Subbarao and Lakshmi Narasamma in a Telugu family.<ref name="Open Heart with RK Part 1">{{cite web|last1=Vemuri|first1=Radhakrishna|title=Open Heart with RK Part 1|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YW-JKiIviJ8|website=YouTube|publisher=ABN Telugu|access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref> His father a teacher in an elementary school. He was also active participant in the mythological dramas.<ref name="Times of India News">{{cite web|last1=TNN|title=Writer Jonnavithula threatened for lashing out at Mohan Babu|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Writer-Jonnavithula-threatened-for-lashing-out-at-Mohan-Babu/articleshow/17155158.cms|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=Times of India|access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref>

In June 2023, he established political party Jai Telugu Party.<ref name=":0" /> In May 2024, he contested in Andhra Pradesh assembly elections in Vijayawada Central constituency as an independent candidate. However, he lost the elections, while garnering a total of 499 votes.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S0180.htm | title=General Election to Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024 | website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>

== Selected filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Song
|-
|1988
|[[Vivaha Bhojanambu (1988 film)|''Vivaha Bhojanambu'']]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1989
|[[Ontari Poratam]]
|
|-
|''[[Preminchi Choodu (1989 film)|Preminchi Choodu]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1990
|[[Lorry Driver (film)|''Lorry Driver'']]
|
|-
|''[[Prema Zindabad]]''
|
|-
|1992
|''Moratodu Naa Mogudu''
|
|-
|1994
|''[[Subhalagnam]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |1995
|''[[Ghatotkachudu]]''
|
|-
|''Dear Brother''
|
|-
|''[[Pokiri Raja]]''
|
|-
|''Madhya Taragati Mahabharatam''
|
|-
|''[[Gharana Bullodu]]''
|
|-
|[[Vajram (1995 film)|''Vajram'']]
|
|-
|1996
|''[[Merupu]]''
|
|-
|1999
|[[Devi (1999 film)|''Devi'']]
|
|-
|2000
|''[[Devullu]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2001
|''[[Devi Putrudu]]''
|
|-
|''[[Railway Coolie]]''
|
|-
|2002
|''[[Tappu Chesi Pappu Koodu]]''
|
|-
|2006
|''[[Vikramarkudu]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011
|[[Sakthi (2011 film)|''Sakthi'']]
|
|-
|''[[Sri Rama Rajyam]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2012
|''[[Damarukam]]''
|
|-
|[[Mithunam (2012 film)|''Mithunam'']]
|
|-
|2017
|''[[DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham]]''
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|2907389}}

{{Authority control}}{{Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, Jonnavithula Ramalingeswara}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Indian songwriters]]
[[Category:People from Vijayawada]]
[[Category:Telugu poets]]
[[Category:Indian poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]

Jogidas Khuman (1948 film)

2025-04-07T03:40:58Z

Pendu Mania: Creating details

{{Other uses|Jogidas Khuman (disambiguation){{!}}Jogidas Khuman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jogidas Khuman
| image =
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Manhar Raskapur]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":RH1995"/>
| writer = Kavi 'Jaman' (screenplay)<ref name=":0" />
| based_on =
| producer = [[Manhar Raskapur]], Madhusudan<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":RH1995"/>
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Arvind Pandya]]
* Dalpat
* Vimal
* Champshibhai Nagda
}}
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music = Ramesh Desai, Indubhai Parekh<ref name=":0" />
| studio = Roop Chhaya Chitra, [[Mumbai]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":RH1995"/>
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1948}}
| runtime = 121 min<ref name=":RH1995"/>
| country = India
| language = Gujarati
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Jogidas Khuman''''' ({{langx|gu|જોગીદાસ ખુમાણ}}) is a 1948 Indian [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati]] historical drama film directed by [[Manhar Raskapur]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":RH1995"/>

==Plot==
The story of the film is based on true events. [[Jogidas Khuman (outlaw)|Jogidas Khuman]] was the [[Kathi people|Kathi]] [[Darbar (title)|Darbar]] of Ambardi (now in [[Savarkundla]]). When the Durbar of Bhavnagar, Vajesingh, took back the villages given to his ancestors, he and his father Hada Khuman had rebelled against [[Bhavnagar State]].<ref name=":0" />

==Cast==
The principal cast is as follows:<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Raghuvanshi |first=Harish |title=જોગીદાસ-ખુમાણ |url=https://gujarativishwakosh.org/જોગીદાસ-ખુમાણ/ |website=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]]}}</ref><ref name=":RH1995">{{cite book |last1=Raghuvasnhi |first1=Harish |title=ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મ ગીતકોશ (૧૯૩૨ – ૧૯૯૪)|trans-title=Gujarati Film Geet Kosh (1932 – 1994) |date=March 1995 |publisher=Harish Raghuvanshi |location=Surat |page=33 |edition=First}}</ref><ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014"/>
* [[Arvind Pandya]]
* Master Dalpat
* Vimal
* Champashibhai Nagda
* Ratikumar Vyas

Supporting cast include:

* Chimanlal
* Sanjay
* Narmdashankar
* Balwant Loban
* Rasvir
* Kesari Sinh
* Pinakin Shah
* Kusum Thakkar
* Pramila
* Foolrani
* Kumud
* Gulab Athwale
* Manu
* Manishankar
* Madhubhai
* Thavdi
* Shankar
* Ramlal
* Jetha
* [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal#Laxmikant|Laxmikant]] (as child actor)<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=Routledge |year=1999 |isbn=978-1-135-94325-7 |edition=Revised |pages=311}}</ref><ref name=":0"/>

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack is as follows:<ref name=":RH1995"/>
{{Infobox album
| name = Jogidas Khuman
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Ramesh Desai, Indukumar Parekh
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1948
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| label =
| producer =
| misc =
}}
{{track listing
| headline =Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| lyrics =
| total_length =
|all_music= Ramesh Desai, Indukumar Parekh<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":RH1995"/>
|all_lyrics= [[Avinash Vyas]], [[Prahlad Parekh]], [[Venibhai Purohit]], [[Kailash Pandya]]<ref name=":RH1995"/><ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014"/>

| title1 = Dhananan Dhananan Goliyu Chhutashe, vir Shurvirona
| extra1 = Ratikumar
| lyrics1 = [[Avinash Vyas]]
| length1 =

| title2 = Hu-lu-lu-lu Hal re Khamma Khamma...
| extra2 = Amirbai
| lyrics2 = [[Avinash Vyas]]
| length2 =

| title3 = Heji ek Bhangati Rate, Tara Tej Jhankhvate
| extra3 = Amirbai
| lyrics3 = [[Prahlad Parekh]]
| length3 =

| title4 = O Bhatvari... Nen Vanche Chhe Namna Tari
| extra4 = Indukumar, Gandhari
| lyrics4 = [[Venibhai Purohit]]
| length4 =

| title5 = Ali Radha? Jara Kholone Dhwar, Hu Re Shyam Murari
| extra5 = Ramesh Desai, Paamilabai
| lyrics5 = Kailas Pandya
| length5 =

| title6 = Halyo Jay... E Halyo Jay...
| extra6 = [[Arvind Pandya]]
| lyrics6 = [[Avinash Vyas]]
| length6 =

| title7 = Gamdu Dhabke Chhe, Ugata re Pahorma
| extra7 = Indukumar, Gandhari
| lyrics7 = [[Avinash Vyas]]
| length7 =

| title8 = Avsar Avyo Chhe Anganiye Aaj
| extra8 = Indukumar, Gandhari
| lyrics8 = [[Avinash Vyas]]
| length8 =

| title9 = Duha & Savaya
| extra9 = Ratikumar, Amirbai
| lyrics9 = [[Avinash Vyas]]
| length9 =
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Gujarati Vishwakosh}}

[[Category:1948 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1948 drama films]]
[[Category:1940s Gujarati-language films]]
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]]
[[Category:1948 historical films]]

2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships – Welterweight

2025-03-29T17:51:08Z

Pendu Mania: stub.

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox sports competition event
|event = Welterweight
|championship = 2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships
|image = Boxing pictogram.svg
|dates = 18–26 March
|venue = [[Indira Gandhi Arena|K. D. Jadhav Indoor Hall]]
|location = [[New Delhi]], India
|competitors = 31
|nations = 31
|gold = [[Yang Liu (boxer)|Yang Liu]]
|gold_nation = CHN
|silver = [[Janjaem Suwannapheng]]
|silver_nation = THA
|bronze = [[Navbakhor Khamidova]]
|bronze_nation = UZB
|bronze2 = [[Nadezhda Ryabets]]
|bronze2_nation= KAZ
|prev = [[2022 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships – Welterweight|2022]]
|next = [[2025 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships – Welterweight|2025]]
}}
{{2023Women'sWorldBoxingChampionships}}
The '''Welterweight''' competition at the [[2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships]] was held between 18 and 26 March 2023.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team Delegations' Handbook|url=https://www.iba.sport/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/3qcc4h4b1Anjj2s921w02f4nrk4x6lmfA1gmt6hp7clz1xnd9jl4j5329rkrrzpztvA5Abr93ynhbmgzb3cr0zw44ldkmfhq3g5084384g6nA7dA0mg2rz8nrf66k1w9j4bffy1m4q8pndjv4scsjlw930knjj1v0ym0fA5vlk3xx70t27z1.pdf|publisher=[[International Boxing Association (amateur)|IBA]]|access-date=12 March 2023}}</ref>

==Results==
===Finals===
{{#invoke:RoundN|N4
| 3rdplace=no
| widescore=yes
| manualboldmatch=1
| bold_winner=high


||{{flagicon|ALG}} <s>[[Imane Khelif]]</s>|5|'''{{Nowrap|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Janjaem Suwannapheng]]}}'''|'''0'''{{efn|name=khelif|The original winner, Algeria’s Imane Khelif has been disqualified from the IBA Women's World Boxing Championships after failing to meet eligibility rules.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Berkeley |first1=Geoff |title=Algerian disqualified from final of IBA Women's World Championships after failing eligibility rules |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1135205/khelif-disqualified-eligibility-rules |accessdate=26 March 2023 |work=insidethegames.biz |publisher=Dunsar Media Company Limited |date=26 March 2023}}</ref>}}
||{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Yang Liu (boxer)|Yang Liu]]|4|{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Nadezhda Ryabets]]|1

||{{Nowrap|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Janjaem Suwannapheng]]}}|0|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Yang Liu (boxer)|Yang Liu]]|5
}}

===Top half===
====Section 1====
{{#invoke:RoundN|N8
| RD1=Round of 32
| RD2=Round of 16
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| 3rdplace=no
| skipmatch=1
| omit_blanks=yes|bold_winner=high
| widescore=yes


||{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Cara Wharerau]]|0|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Manju Bamboriya]]|5
||{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Azaliia Amineva]]|RSC|{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Aryna Danilchyk]]|
||{{flagicon|KEN}} [[Friza Anyango]]||{{flagicon|ALG}} <s>[[Imane Khelif]]</s>|'''RSC'''{{efn|name=khelif}}

||{{Nowrap|{{flagicon|UZB}} [[Navbakhor Khamidova]]}}|5|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Manju Bamboriya]]|0
||{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Azaliia Amineva]]|1|{{flagicon|ALG}} <s>[[Imane Khelif]]</s>|4{{efn|name=khelif}}

||{{Nowrap|{{flagicon|UZB}} [[Navbakhor Khamidova]]}}|0|{{flagicon|ALG}} <s>[[Imane Khelif]]</s>|5{{efn|name=khelif}}
}}

====Section 2====
{{#invoke:RoundN|N8
| RD1=Round of 32
| RD2=Round of 16
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| 3rdplace=no
| omit_blanks=yes
| widescore=yes|bold_winner=high


||{{Nowrap|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Janjaem Suwannapheng]]}}|5|{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Luca Hámori]]|0
||{{flagicon|CMR}} [[Mireille Bindzi]]|4|{{flagicon|TKM}} [[Gülzada Jorakulyýewa]]|0
||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Marissa Williamson]]|5|{{flagicon|COL}} [[Shirleidis Orozco]]|0
||{{flagicon|GUA}} [[Victoria Chiroy]]|0|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Beatriz Soares]]|5

||{{Nowrap|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Janjaem Suwannapheng]]}}|5|{{flagicon|CMR}} [[Mireille Bindzi]]|0
||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Marissa Williamson]]|1|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Beatriz Soares]]|4

||{{Nowrap|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Janjaem Suwannapheng]]}}|4|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Beatriz Soares]]|3
}}

===Bottom half===
====Section 3====
{{#invoke:RoundN|N8
| RD1=Round of 32
| RD2=Round of 16
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| 3rdplace=no
| omit_blanks=yes
| widescore=yes|bold_winner=high


||{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Chen Nien-chin]]|0|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Yang Liu (boxer)|Yang Liu]]|5
||{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Milena Matović]]|5|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Sema Çalışkan]]|0
||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Angela Carini]]|3|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Emilie Sonvico]]|4
||{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Leah Warden]]|0|{{flagicon|PUR}} [[Stephanie Piñeiro]]|5

||{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Yang Liu (boxer)|Yang Liu]]|3|{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Milena Matović]]|1
||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Emilie Sonvico]]|0|{{flagicon|PUR}} [[Stephanie Piñeiro]]|5

||{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Yang Liu (boxer)|Yang Liu]]|4|{{flagicon|PUR}} [[Stephanie Piñeiro]]|1
}}

====Section 4====
{{#invoke:RoundN|N8
| RD1=Round of 32
| RD2=Round of 16
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| 3rdplace=no
| widescore=yes|bold_winner=high


||{{flagicon|DOM}} [[María Moronta]]|5|{{flagicon|AZE}} [[Shahla Allahverdiyeva]]|0
||{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Seon Su-jin]]|3|{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Nadezhda Ryabets]]|4
||{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Arisa Tsubata]]|0|{{Nowrap|{{flagicon|MGL}} [[Myagmarsürengiin Tsetsegdari]]}}|5
||{{flagicon|BOT}} [[Aratwa Kasemang]]|0|{{flagicon|CPV}} [[Ivanusa Gomes]]|5

||{{flagicon|DOM}} [[María Moronta]]|0|{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Nadezhda Ryabets]]|5
||{{Nowrap|{{flagicon|MGL}} [[Myagmarsürengiin Tsetsegdari]]}}|0|{{flagicon|CPV}} [[Ivanusa Gomes]]|5

||{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Nadezhda Ryabets]]|5|{{flagicon|CPV}} [[Ivanusa Gomes]]|0
}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.iba.sport/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/66-3.pdf Draw]

{{Footer World Womens Amateur Champions Welterweight}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships - Welterweight}}
[[Category:2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships|Welterweight]]

Amshan Kumar

2024-11-19T02:03:09Z

Pendu Mania: stub

{{short description|Indian filmmaker and writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Amshan Kumar
|image =Amshan Kumar.jpg
|caption =
|birth_date = 
|birth_place = [[Tiruchirappalli]], Tamil Nadu
|occupation = [[Film director]] and Writer
|yearsactive = 1995 – present
}}

'''Amshan Kumar''' is an Indian [[Filmmaking|filmmaker]] and writer. He has won a [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]] for his documentary film ''[[Yazhpanan Thedchanamoorthy - Music beyond boundaries]]'' in the year 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/Winners_of_63rd_NFA_2015.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=5 December 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007194418/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/Winners_of_63rd_NFA_2015.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Documentary-maker-from-Chennai-bags-national-award/articleshow/51608200.cms|title=Documentary maker from Chennai bags national award | date=30 March 2016 | newspaper=Times of India| accessdate=24 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="newindianexpress.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2016/apr/02/thavil-doyens-lost-beats-come-alive-919181.html|title=Thavil Doyen's Lost Beats Come Alive|date=2 April 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> This is a lone Tamil non-fiction film to win a National Award in the past 17 years prior to this award <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/thavil-recitals-from-across-the-palk-strait/article8429362.ece|title=Thavil recitals from across the Palk Strait|first=Vishal|last=Menon|newspaper=The Hindu|date=3 April 2016|publisher=}}</ref> He is also a writer on films, his book ''[[Cinema Rasanai]]'' on film appreciation is being used as a textbook in many universities.<ref name="psbt.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.psbt.org/directors/204|title=AMSHAN KUMAR - Public Service Broadcasting Trust|publisher=}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> His debut feature film ''[[Oruththi]]'' was selected for the 2003 [[IFFI|International Film Festival of India]] and was screened in the ''Indian Panorama'' section.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/panorf.htm|title=IFFI|access-date=30 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601212055/http://www.dff.nic.in/panorf.htm|archive-date=1 June 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archieve/iffi/iffi2003/oruththi.html|title=International Film Festival of India-2003|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2003/07/30/stories/2003073007060201.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2003-07-30|title=About 'Oruthi'}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> His second feature film ''[[Manusangada]]'' was screened in the 39th Cairo International Film Festival and also in the 48th International Film Festival of India (2017) in the Indian Panorama section.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/iffi-goa-2017-tamil-film-manusangada-to-be-screened-in-indian-panorama-of-international-film-festival-in-goa/articleshow/61588149.cms|title = IFFI Goa 2017: Tamil film 'Manusangada' to be screened in Indian Panorama of international film festival in Goa | Chennai News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=10 November 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/manusangada-screened-at-iffi/article20946948.ece|title = Manusangada screened at IFFI|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 27 November 2017}}</ref> He lives in [[Chennai]].

==Career ==

Amshan Kumar has made more than twenty five documentaries including [[Badal Sircar]]`s Third Theatre, Modern Art in Tamil Nadu,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Evolution-of-modern-art/article15694158.ece|title=Evolution of modern art|newspaper=The Hindu|date=7 May 2010|publisher=}}</ref> Mangrove Forests, Nobel Laureate C.V.Raman, U.Ve.Saminatha Iyer, Tamil Poet Subramania Bharati<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/11/11/stories/0411401z.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2001-11-11|title=A maker of truthful cinema}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and Manakkal S.Rangarajan. His first directorial feature film in Tamil [[Oruththi]] selected for was shown in Indian Panorama based on a short novel by the renowned writer [[Ki. Rajanarayanan]] . It won the best film awards from [[Government of Pondicherry]] and [[Tamil Association of New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/charmed-by-celluloid/article1506546.ece|title=Charmed by celluloid|first=OLYMPIA SHILPA|last=GERALD|newspaper=The Hindu|date=3 March 2011|publisher=}}</ref> His documentary on the Tavil Maestro Yazhpanam Thedchanmoorthy won the [[National Film Awards|national award]] for the best arts/ cultural film in 2015.<ref name="newindianexpress.com"/> It is the first Tamil non-feature film to win a National Award in 17 years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/the-thavil-that-united-tamils/article8427345.ece|title=The thavil that united Tamils|first=vishal|last=menon|newspaper=The Hindu|date=3 April 2016|publisher=}}</ref>

His second feature film ''[[Manusangada]]'' was selected in the [[Indian Panorama]] section of [[International Film Festival of India]], Goa and was the only Tamil film to be selected that year.<ref name ="The Hindu">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/manusangada-screened-at-iffi/article20946948.ece|title=Manusangada screened at IFFI|work= The Hindu|location=Goa, India|date=27 November 2017}}</ref> The film had its world priemere in [[Mumbai Film Festival|Jio MAMI Mumbai Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mumbaifilmfestival.com/programmeDetail/242|work= Mumbai Film Fest|title=Mumbai Academy of Moving Image - ProgrammeDetail Site}}</ref> and its International Premiere at the [[Cairo International Film Festival]].<ref name = "Tamil Information Centre">{{cite news|url=http://www.ticonline.org/newsdetails.php?id=1743|title=மனுசங்கடா (Manusangada) is going to Egypt!|work= Tamil Information Centre|date=11 November 2017}}</ref><ref name = "News18.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/cairo-film-festival-tamil-film-manusangada-highlights-a-grave-social-injustice-1590329.html|title=Cairo Film Festival: Tamil Film Manusangada Highlights a Grave Social Injustice - News18|work= News18 |location=Cairo, Egypt|date=29 November 2017}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
*''[[Oruththi]]'' (2003)
*''[[Manusangada]]'' (2017)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm2384917}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Amshan}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Tamil-language film directors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Indian documentary film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Artists from Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu]]

Narada Sting Operation

2022-05-23T21:19:36Z

Pendu Mania: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[Narada sting operation]]
{{R from merge}}

Acer India

2022-03-31T05:12:36Z

Pendu Mania: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Acer Inc.#India]]

{{R to section}}

Aaj Ka Goonda Raj

2019-07-09T09:12:40Z

Pendu Mania: Added a pg w/ sources

#REDIRECT [[Aaj Ka Goonda Raaj]]

{{R from move}}