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Most Eligible Bachelor

2026-05-29T06:41:01Z

Paradigmresume: creating new details

{{short description|2021 film by Bhaskar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Most Eligible Bachelor
| image = Most Eligible Bachelor Poster.jpeg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Bhaskar (director)|Bhaskar]]
| producer = [[Bunny Vas]] [[Vasu Varma]]
| writer = Bhaskar
| starring = [[Akhil Akkineni]] [[Pooja Hegde]]
| music = [[Gopi Sundar]]
| cinematography = Pradeesh M. Varma
| editing = [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]
| studio = [[Geetha Arts#GA2 Pictures (Vasu and Aravind)|GA2 Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|2021|10|15|df=y}}
| runtime = 148 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross = {{INR|51 crore}}<ref name="MEB Box Office">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/most-eligible-bachelor-hits-half-century-at-tollywood-box-office/articleshow/87481126.cms|title='Most Eligible Bachelor' hits half-century at Tollywood box office|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 November 2021|access-date=2 November 2021|quote='Most Eligible Bachelor' has provided Akhil Akkineni with solid commercial success|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102092047/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/most-eligible-bachelor-hits-half-century-at-tollywood-box-office/articleshow/87481126.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

'''''Most Eligible Bachelor''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film written and directed by [[Bhaskar (director)|Bhaskar]] and produced by [[Bunny Vas]] and [[Vasu Varma]] on [[Geetha Arts#GA2 Pictures (Vasu and Aravind)|GA2 Pictures]]. It stars [[Akhil Akkineni]] and [[Pooja Hegde]] with music composed by [[Gopi Sundar]], cinematography by Pradeesh Varma and editing by [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]. The film follows the love story of [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|NRI]] Harsha and [[Stand-up comedy|stand-up comedian]] Vibha.

It was released on 15 October 2021 after being repeatedly postponed because of the ongoing [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. The film opened to positive reviews with critics praising the cast's performances (particularly Hegde), story and music.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-10-18 |title=Pooja Hegde trusts her instinct, thanks fans for 'Most Eligible Bachelor' |url=https://telanganatoday.com/pooja-hegde-trusts-her-instinct-thanks-fans-for-most-eligible-bachelor |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref> The film was commercially successful and grossed {{INR}}51 crore worldwide.<ref name="MEB Box Office"/> The film is Akkineni's first and only successful film in his career.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ram Charan congratulates Akhil Akkineni, Pooja Hegde, Bommarillu Baskar for the success of Most Eligible Bachelor |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ram-charan-congratulates-akhil-akkineni-pooja-hegde-bommarillu-baskar-for-the-success-of-most-eligible-bachelor/fca63660c4500 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
A couple drives along the road. All of a sudden, they hit a flock of lamb. The couple get a shock on noticing a man among the flock. The man is introduced to be Harsha ([[Akhil Akkineni]]). They asked why he was there and he starts narrating his story.

Harsha is an NRI who lives in [[New York City|New York]] with aspirations to get married as soon as possible. His family then sets up a marriage for him that has to be completed within 20 days. Excited, Harsha buys himself a house and flies to India for his marriage. In India, he is set to meet 20 prospective brides and he ends up liking the first one he meets. However, his family insists on meeting more to see which one is the perfect match for him. Meanwhile, Harsha's mother tells him to drop a certain bride's details off since their horoscope did not match. Harsha opens the envelope to see that it is Vibha ([[Pooja Hegde]]) but he still goes to her father and gives back the details. He then realizes that Vibha's father is Subbu ([[Murali Sharma]]) with whom he had a horrible interaction earlier. On top of this, he loses Vibha's picture so Subbu holds his friend captive. In an attempt to find the picture, he meets Vibha at her stand-up comedy show and asks her for her picture. Vibha then asks a series of questions that disrupt Harsha's mentality about marriage. By being with Vibha, he realises that he wants to marry her.

Unexpectedly, Harsha has his marriage set with another girl. In an attempt to get together with Vibha, he goes to Subbu to convince him. However, in a turn of events, Subbu files a case against Harsha for being vulgar in each of his meetings with the brides. Vibha realizes that it was her words that affected Harsha and convinces Subbu to take back the case. Harsha, wanting answers, goes to Vibha and admits to liking her but she says she rejected him over twenty days ago as his mentality about marriage is not the same as hers. An enraged Harsha leaves for New York and tries to understand what went wrong. After attending Ganesh's 25th wedding anniversary and talking with his brother-in-law, he discovers that their marriage is toxic and that he shouldn't compromise at all.

Nine months pass by and Harsha is a completely changed man with a new mindset. In an attempt to merge his and Megha's companies, he makes her fall for him. Megha's parents want her to marry Harsha even though Harsha still likes Vibha. With his marriage in 20 days, he decides to leave for India early so that he can see Vibha again. On returning to India, he finds out that Vibha does not want to get married due to a painful experience she has. So anonymously, Harsha tries to get Vibha to change back to her old lifestyle and manages to make her fall for him. However, Harsha's parents find out and make him leave Vibha while Subbu simultaneously lets Vibha know that Harsha is getting married and to give up. At his wedding, Vibha shows up to do a stand-up show and Harsha is shocked to see her there. She then narrates her experiences in life with Harsha and then sadly leaves. Megha, who knows all of this, allows Harsha to reunite with Vibha and he manages to convince everyone. In the end, Harsha and Vibha get married and go back to New York.

== Cast ==
{{Cast list|
*[[Akhil Akkineni]] as Harsha, an [[Non-resident Indian|NRI]]
*[[Pooja Hegde]] as Vibha, a [[Stand-up comedy|stand-up comedian]]
*[[Murali Sharma]] as Subramanyam “Subbu”, Vibha's father<ref name="Cast" />
*[[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]] as Lokeswari, Vibha's mother
*[[Neha Shetty]] as Megha
*[[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Prakash, Harsha's father
*[[Aamani]] as Lakshmi, Harsha's mother
*[[Vennela Kishore]] as "Shoulder" Shankar
*[[Srikanth Iyengar]] as Ganesh, Harsha's godfather
*[[Amit Tiwari]] as Amit, Harsha's brother
*[[Posani Krishna Murali]] as Advocate Venkata Ramana.
*[[Getup Srinu]] as Sastry Jr., Harsha's family traditional Matchmaker and family's priest's son
*[[Sudigali Sudheer]] as Sudheer, Harsha's friend
*[[Sai Ketan Rao]], Harsha's friend
*[[Kamakshi Bhaskarla]] as Harsha's friend
*[[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Ajay, Harsha's brother-in-law
*[[Satya Krishnan]] as Satya, Harsha's sister
*[[Y. Kasi Viswanath]] as Defense Lawyer Janardhan
*[[Giri Babu]] as [[Judge]] Nageswar Reddy
*[[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as [[Police]] Chandram
*Abhay Betiganti as Abhay, Harsha's friend
*Amith
;Cameo appearances
*[[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] as herself
*[[Rahul Ravindran]] as himself, a cousin to Megha
*[[Eesha Rebba]] as Geethika "Geetha"
*[[Faria Abdullah]] as Meenakshi
*[[Saanve Megghana]] as Meghana
}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
In February 2019, director [[Bhaskar (director)|Bhaskar]] teamed up with Akhil for [[Geetha Arts|GA2 Pictures]] production under [[Bunny Vas]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/akhils-next-with-bommarillu-bhaskar-set-to-kick-off-from-summer/articleshow/68073881.cms|title=Akhil's next with Bommarillu Bhaskar set to kick-off from summer|website=The Times of India|access-date=30 October 2019|archive-date=22 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222085920/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/akhils-next-with-bommarillu-bhaskar-set-to-kick-off-from-summer/articleshow/68073881.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The film marks Bhaskar's return to Telugu cinema after 4 years.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title='Most Eligible Bachelor' teaser: Akhil Akkineni, Pooja Hegde hit the right notes with their crackling chemistry |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/most-eligible-bachelor-teaser-akhil-akkineni-pooja-hegde-hit-the-right-notes-with-their-crackling-chemistry-906806.html |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> In May 2019, the film was officially launched at [[Film Nagar|Film Nagar Temple]], [[Hyderabad]] with a pooja ceremony. The music is composed by [[Gopi Sunder]], marking his second collaboration with Bhaskar after ''[[Bangalore Naatkal]]'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-29 |title=Most Eligible Bachelor's New Poster Shows Pooja Hegde Teasing Akhil Akkineni |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/most-eligible-bachelors-new-poster-shows-pooja-hegde-teasing-akhil-akkineni-2742483.html |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Other technicians include cinematographer V. Manikandan, editor Marthand K. Venkatesh and art director Avinash Kolla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leharaayi from Akhil Akkineni's Most Eligible Bachelor to release on September 15 |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/leharaayi-from-akhil-akkinenis-most-eligible-bachelor-to-release-on-september-15/d01ba9bf55660 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> Manikandan later replaced by Pradeesh Varma, due to the former's exit citing schedule conflicts.<ref>{{cite news|title=Akhil's 4th film with Bommarillu Bhaskar launched|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/akhils-4th-film-with-bommarillu-bhaskar-launched/articleshow/69478015.cms|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826203650/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/akhils-4th-film-with-bommarillu-bhaskar-launched/articleshow/69478015.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Director [[Vasu Varma]] is co-producing the film along with [[Bunny Vas]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Bhaskar|first=Bommarillu|date=May 24, 2019|title=Akhil Akkineni's will be working with Bommarillu Bhaskar for his next|url=https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/akhil-akkinenis-will-be-working-with-bommarillu-bhaskar-for-his-next-420049.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904094048/https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/akhil-akkinenis-will-be-working-with-bommarillu-bhaskar-for-his-next-420049.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 4, 2019|website=in.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-02-08|title=నడిరోడ్డుపై చెప్పులు లేకుండానే అక్కినేని వారుసుడు.. అయ్యే ఇదేం గతి..|url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/akhil-akkineni-new-title-most-eligible-bachelor-and-akhil-first-look-go-viral-ta-448658.html|access-date=2020-02-08|website=[[News18]]|language=Telugu|archive-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627144749/https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/akhil-akkineni-new-title-most-eligible-bachelor-and-akhil-first-look-go-viral-ta-448658.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The title was announced as ''Most Eligible Bachelor'' in February 2020.<ref>{{cite news|title=Akhil Akkineni, Bommarillu Bhaskar film titled Most Eligible Bachelor; title poster unveiled|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/akhil-akkineni-bommarillu-bhaskar-film-titled-most-eligible-bachelor-title-poster-unveiled/articleshow/73936428.cms|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=23 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023041814/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/akhil-akkineni-bommarillu-bhaskar-film-titled-most-eligible-bachelor-title-poster-unveiled/articleshow/73936428.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The film is presented by [[Allu Aravind]] of [[Geetha Arts]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date=2021-09-30 |title=Most Eligible Bachelor trailer: Akhil Akkineni and Pooja Hegde's romance leaves fans excited for film |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/most-eligible-bachelor-trailer-akhil-akkineni-and-pooja-hegde-s-romance-leaves-fans-excited-for-film-737702 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
The film's casting crew auditioned over 100 actresses and models for leading actress role.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/akhil-team-thumb-down-100-divas-552013|title=Akhil & team thumb down 100 divas?|first=B. V. S.|last=Prakash|website=The Hans India|date=2019-08-04|access-date=30 October 2019|archive-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904095128/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/akhil-team-thumb-down-100-divas-552013|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pooja Hegde]] was finalised as the lead actress in August 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/pooja-hegde-roped-in-to-romance-akhil-akkineni-in-bommarillu-bhaskars-next-2288219.html|title=Pooja Hegde Roped in to Romance Akhil Akkineni in Bommarillu Bhaskar's Next|website=www.news18.com|date=28 August 2019 |access-date=4 September 2019|archive-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904095118/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/pooja-hegde-roped-in-to-romance-akhil-akkineni-in-bommarillu-bhaskars-next-2288219.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Murali Sharma]], [[Vennela Kishore]], [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]], [[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]] and [[Aamani]] were cast in supporting role.<ref name="Cast">{{cite web|date=2020-02-04|title=Akhil Akkineni, Bommarillu Bhaskar film titled Most Eligible Bachelor; title poster unveiled|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/akhil-akkineni-bommarillu-bhaskar-film-titled-most-eligible-bachelor-title-poster-unveiled/articleshow/73936428.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-date=23 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023041814/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/akhil-akkineni-bommarillu-bhaskar-film-titled-most-eligible-bachelor-title-poster-unveiled/articleshow/73936428.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Akkineni's role was Harsha, an NRI (non-resident Indian) while Pooja Hegde featured as a stand-up comedian named Vibha.<ref>{{cite news|title=Most Eligible Bachelor: Pooja Hegde turns into Vibha, the most eligible Bachelorette|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/most-eligible-bachelor-pooja-hegde-turns-into-vibha-the-most-eligible-bachelorette/articleshow/74137961.cms|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=19 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919211524/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/most-eligible-bachelor-pooja-hegde-turns-into-vibha-the-most-eligible-bachelorette/articleshow/74137961.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, it was reported that [[Rahul Ravindran]] and [[Chinmayi Sripaada|Chinmayi]], who have a cameo role would play couples in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-08-25 |title=Chinmayi, Rahul Ravindran to play couple in Akhil Akkineni-Pooja Hegde's Most Eligible Bachelor |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2021/Aug/25/chinmayi-rahul-ravindran-to-play-couplein-akhil-akkineni-pooja-hegdes-most-eligible-bachelor-26275.html |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> In an interview with ''[[The Indian Express]]'', Akhil told about the film that "We tried perfecting it more and more, and it has come to where it is today because of the time we had. I am so happy that finally after two years I am having a release".<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-10-18|title=Most Eligible Bachelor actor Akhil Akkineni: I can't take up projects just because they are safe|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/akhil-akkineni-i-cant-take-up-projects-just-because-i-think-they-are-safe-7576765/|access-date=2021-10-20|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020055257/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/akhil-akkineni-i-cant-take-up-projects-just-because-i-think-they-are-safe-7576765/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
The [[principal photography]] of the film began in July 2019 in [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Akhil Akkineni's fourth film goes on floors; Bommarillu Bhaskar yet to finalise the female lead|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/akhil-akkinenis-fourth-film-goes-on-floors-bommarillu-bhaskar-yet-to-finalise-the-female-lead/articleshow/70225590.cms|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=16 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416141458/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/akhil-akkinenis-fourth-film-goes-on-floors-bommarillu-bhaskar-yet-to-finalise-the-female-lead/articleshow/70225590.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Hegde joined the sets in September 2019.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=GeethaArts|number=1175040498156720129|title=Welcoming @hegdepooja on her Day 1 shoot of #Akhil4 today|author=Geetha Arts|date=20 September 2019}}</ref> The film is shot extensively in major portions of [[New York (state)|New York]] in mid-January 2020. Filming took place in Hyderabad in mid-March 2020,<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-10-25 |title=Watch: Teaser for Pooja Hegde-Akhil Akkineni film 'Most Eligible Bachelor' released |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/watch-teaser-pooja-hegde-akhil-akkineni-film-most-eligible-bachelor-released-136125 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> however, came to a halt after Akkineni was injured in the sets.<ref>{{cite news|title=Most Eligible Bachelor: Akhil Akkineni gets injured on the sets of the film; shooting on hold|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/most-eligible-bachelor-akhil-akkineni-gets-injured-on-the-sets-of-the-film-shooting-on-hold/articleshow/74493376.cms|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311085654/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/most-eligible-bachelor-akhil-akkineni-gets-injured-on-the-sets-of-the-film-shooting-on-hold/articleshow/74493376.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Filming was further delayed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India]]. Filming was resumed in September 2020,<ref>{{cite news|title=Spotted: Akhil Akkineni and Pooja Hegde shooting for Most Eligible Bachelor in the city|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/spotted-akhil-akkineni-and-pooja-hegde-shooting-for-most-eligible-bachelor-in-the-city/articleshow/78217671.cms|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=9 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209234539/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/spotted-akhil-akkineni-and-pooja-hegde-shooting-for-most-eligible-bachelor-in-the-city/articleshow/78217671.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> after seven months.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-18 |title=Akhil Akkineni and Pooja Hegde take you on a joy ride in Most Eligible Bachelor teaser. Watch |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/akhil-akkineni-and-pooja-hegde-take-you-on-a-joy-ride-in-most-eligible-bachelor-teaser-watch-1734916-2020-10-25 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Akkineni and Hegde joined the shoot the same month.<ref>{{cite news|title=PIC Talk: Pooja Hegde resumes shoot for Akhil's 'Most Eligible Bachelor'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pic-talk-pooja-hegde-resumes-shoot-for-akhils-most-eligible-bachelor/articleshow/78123871.cms|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=22 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922044618/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pic-talk-pooja-hegde-resumes-shoot-for-akhils-most-eligible-bachelor/articleshow/78123871.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Spotted: Akhil Akkineni looks dapper as he wraps up shooting for Most Eligible Bachelor for the day|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/spotted-akhil-akkineni-looks-dapper-as-he-wraps-up-shooting-for-most-eligible-bachelor-for-the-day/articleshow/78934878.cms|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=16 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216220040/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/spotted-akhil-akkineni-looks-dapper-as-he-wraps-up-shooting-for-most-eligible-bachelor-for-the-day/articleshow/78934878.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Hegde wrapped the schedule in mid-December 2020 and again joined the sets in 25 December 2020 till 2 January 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Pooja Hegde on juggling Radhe Shyam, Most Eligible Bachelor, Cirkus |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/pooja-hegde-on-juggling-radhe-shyam-most-eligible-bachelor-cirkus-getting-even-one-day-to-breathe-in-between-will-be-a-vacation-now/articleshow/79744913.cms |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en}}</ref> The filming was completed in March 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-20 |title=Pooja Hegde shared hilarious moments as she wraps up shoot for Most Eligible Bachelor with Akhil Akkineni |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pooja-hegde-shared-hilarious-moments-as-she-wraps-up-shoot-for-most-eligible-bachelor-with-akhil-akkineni/articleshow/81606504.cms |access-date=2024-04-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Main|Most Eligible Bachelor (soundtrack)}}
The music was composed by [[Gopi Sundar]], who earlier collaborated with Bhaskar for the 2016 Tamil film ''[[Bangalore Naatkal]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/akhils-4th-film-with-bommarillu-bhaskar-launched/articleshow/69478015.cms|title=Akhil's 4th film with Bommarillu Bhaskar launched|website=The Times of India|access-date=30 October 2019|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826203650/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/akhils-4th-film-with-bommarillu-bhaskar-launched/articleshow/69478015.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The music rights were bagged by [[Aditya Music]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/pooja-hegde-and-akhil-akkineni-most-eligible-bachelor-gets-a-release-date-7173133/|title=Pooja Hegde, Akhil Akkineni's Most Eligible Bachelor gets a release date|date=3 February 2021|access-date=2 April 2024|archive-date=3 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203145747/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/pooja-hegde-and-akhil-akkineni-most-eligible-bachelor-gets-a-release-date-7173133/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/watch-teaser-pooja-hegde-akhil-akkineni-film-most-eligible-bachelor-released-136125|title=Watch: Teaser for Pooja Hegde-Akhil Akkineni film 'Most Eligible Bachelor' released|first=Digital|last=Native|date=25 October 2020|website=The News Minute|access-date=2 April 2024|archive-date=2 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402092332/https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/watch-teaser-pooja-hegde-akhil-akkineni-film-most-eligible-bachelor-released-136125|url-status=live}}</ref>

The soundtrack consists of five original songs composed by Sundar, namely, "Manasa Manasa", "Guche Gulabi", "Ye Zindagi", "Leharaayi" and "Chitti Adugu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Asha Kiran |title=Most Eligible Bachelor: 6 reasons to watch Akhil Akkineni, Pooja Hegde's film this festive weekend |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/most-eligible-bachelor-6-reasons-to-watch-akhil-akkineni-pooja-hegdes-film-this-festive-weekend/photostory/87021751.cms |access-date=2024-04-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Lyrics are written by Surendra Krishna, [[Ananta Sriram]], [[Sri Mani]], [[Ramajogayya Sastry]], and [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]].

== Release ==
''Most Eligible Bachelor''{{'}}s release was scheduled for 2 April 2020, during [[Rama Navami|Sri Rama Navami]],<ref name="FSP">{{cite web |author=Geetha Arts |url=https://twitter.com/GeethaArts/status/1226121064075292672 |title=Geetha Arts on Twitter: "Journey of our #MostEligibleBachelor starts now with this step |publisher=Twitter.com |date=2009-11-26 |access-date=2020-02-08 |archive-date=8 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208143057/https://twitter.com/GeethaArts/status/1226121064075292672 |url-status=live }}</ref> but was delayed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Most Eligible Bachelor release pushed until October, due to Coronavirus Pandemic|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/most-eligible-bachelor-release-pushed-until-october-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic/articleshow/75797835.cms|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=30 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210530225355/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/most-eligible-bachelor-release-pushed-until-october-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic/articleshow/75797835.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> It was pushed back to January 2021, then to April 2021.<ref name="hindustan">{{cite web|date=2020-07-29|title=New poster of Most Eligible Bachelor featuring Akhil Akkineni, Pooja Hegde out|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/new-poster-of-most-eligible-bachelor-featuring-akhil-akkineni-pooja-hegde-out/story-jaqG54F71kEtvXbtIH0m1H.html|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729152808/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/new-poster-of-most-eligible-bachelor-featuring-akhil-akkineni-pooja-hegde-out/story-jaqG54F71kEtvXbtIH0m1H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2021, the film's release date was announced as 19 June 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kameshwari|first=A.|date=February 4, 2021|title=Pooja Hegde, Akhil Akkineni's Most Eligible Bachelor gets a release date|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/pooja-hegde-and-akhil-akkineni-most-eligible-bachelor-gets-a-release-date-7173133/|access-date=4 February 2021|archive-date=3 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203145747/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/pooja-hegde-and-akhil-akkineni-most-eligible-bachelor-gets-a-release-date-7173133/|url-status=live}}</ref> With the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic impacting India and shutting down cinemas again, the release was again delayed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/akhil-akkinenis-most-eligible-bachelor-will-release-only-in-theatres-spokesperson-confirms/articleshow/82933536.cms|title=Akhil Akkineni's 'Most Eligible Bachelor' will release only in theatres, spokesperson confirms|work=Times of India|date=25 May 2021|access-date=19 June 2021|archive-date=26 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626150036/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/akhil-akkinenis-most-eligible-bachelor-will-release-only-in-theatres-spokesperson-confirms/articleshow/82933536.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2021, the film was scheduled to be released on 8 October 2021.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|last=K.|first=Janani|date=28 August 2021|title=Akhil Akkineni and Pooja Hegde's Most Eligible Bachelor to hit the theatres on October 8|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/akhil-akkineni-and-pooja-hegde-s-most-eligible-bachelor-to-hit-the-theatres-on-october-8-1846357-2021-08-28|website=India Today|access-date=28 August 2021|archive-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828060459/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/akhil-akkineni-and-pooja-hegde-s-most-eligible-bachelor-to-hit-the-theatres-on-october-8-1846357-2021-08-28|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sarigama Cinemas have acquired the film's distribution rights in the United States.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}

=== Home media ===
In late September, the release date was rescheduled to 15 October 2021, on the occasion of [[Dussehra]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web |last=K. |first=Janani |date=26 September 2021 |title=Akhil, Pooja Hegde's Most Eligible Bachelor postponed again. Oct 15 is the new release date |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/akhil-pooja-hegde-s-most-eligible-bachelor-postponed-again-oct-15-is-the-new-release-date-1857390-2021-09-26 |url-status=live |website=India Today |access-date=26 September 2021 |archive-date=26 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926145311/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/akhil-pooja-hegde-s-most-eligible-bachelor-postponed-again-oct-15-is-the-new-release-date-1857390-2021-09-26 }}</ref> Digital streaming rights of the film were acquired by both [[aha (streaming service)|aha]] and [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-15 |title=You Can Watch Akhil's Most Eligible Bachelor Not One But Two OTT Platforms |url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/ott/you-can-watch-akhils-most-eligible-bachelor-not-one-two-ott-platforms-146588 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=Sakshi Post |language=en}}</ref> The film was premiered on aha<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2021 |title=Stream Most Eligible Bachelor on Aha video |url=https://www.aha.video/movie/most-eligible-bachelor |access-date=29 April 2023 |website=Aha Video |archive-date=29 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429065627/https://www.aha.video/movie/most-eligible-bachelor |url-status=live }}</ref> on 19 November 2021 while it premiered on Netflix on 23 November 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch Most Eligible Bachelor {{!}} Netflix|url=https://www.netflix.com/title/81412247|access-date=2021-11-23|website=www.netflix.com|language=en|archive-date=23 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123205441/https://www.netflix.com/title/81412247|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2021-11-16|title=Most Eligible Bachelor to have its OTT release on aha|url=https://www.yovizag.com/most-eligible-bachelor-to-have-its-ott-release-on-aha/|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Yovizag.com|language=en|archive-date=17 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117171736/https://www.yovizag.com/most-eligible-bachelor-to-have-its-ott-release-on-aha/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Reception==

=== Critical response ===
{{multiple image
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The film opened to positive reviews with critics praising casts performances (particularly Pooja Hegde and Akhil Akkineni), story, and music.<ref name="reception">{{cite news |title=Most Eligible Bachelor box office collections day 5: Akhil Akkineni and Pooja Hegde starrer rakes in Rs 30 Cr + gross worldwide |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/most-eligible-bachelor-box-office-collections-akhil-akkineni-and-pooja-hegde-starrer-rakes-in-rs-30-cr-gross-worldwide/articleshow/87156776.cms |access-date=18 February 2023 |archive-date=26 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126121709/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/most-eligible-bachelor-box-office-collections-akhil-akkineni-and-pooja-hegde-starrer-rakes-in-rs-30-cr-gross-worldwide/articleshow/87156776.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
Neeshita Nyayapati of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave a rating of 3 out of 5 and cited it as "a breezy rom-com that lacks emotional depth". She further added that "''Most Eligible Bachelor'' remains the story of a man who thinks he has it all to make a good husband and a woman giving him a reality check.".<ref>{{Citation|title=Most Eligible Bachelor Movie Review: A breezy rom-com that lacks emotional depth|newspaper=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/most-eligible-bachelor/movie-review/87038683.cms|access-date=2021-10-20|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020051701/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/most-eligible-bachelor/movie-review/87038683.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic of ''[[Sify]]'' too cited the same and rated it 2.75 out of 5, writing " ''Most Eligible Bachelor'' looks patchy, and goes all directions but Gopi Sundar's lilting songs and feel-good romantic moments save it".<ref>{{cite web|title=Most Eligible Bachelor review: Breezy, yet patchy!|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/most-eligible-bachelor-review-breezy-yet-patchy-review-telugu-vkse1Fdiihjcg.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018052126/https://www.sify.com/movies/most-eligible-bachelor-review-breezy-yet-patchy-review-telugu-vkse1Fdiihjcg.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-20|website=[[Sify]]|language=en}}</ref> ''[[Firstpost]]'' also gave a rating of 3 out of 5, praising Bhaskar's work but giving mixed response to the story and screenplay.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-10-15|title=Most Eligible Bachelor movie review: Akhil Akkineni improves, but Bommarillu Bhaskar not so much|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/most-eligible-bachelor-movie-review-akhil-akkineni-improves-but-bommarillu-bhaskar-not-so-much-10058471.html|access-date=2021-10-20|website=Firstpost|language=en|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020051701/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/most-eligible-bachelor-movie-review-akhil-akkineni-improves-but-bommarillu-bhaskar-not-so-much-10058471.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In their review, ''[[The Hans India]]'' wrote that "Most Eligible Bachelor has a thin storyline but it has got a lot of scopes to explore. Director Bhaskar who made a comeback to Tollywood is already known for dealing with strong yet sensitive emotions. However, for this project, the director put his focus on delivering the entertainment rather than pulling the project off with emotions. The first half looks fun and entertaining with a lot of interesting elements. However, the second half falls flat with weak writing and it gets into a preachy mode".<ref>{{cite web|last=hansindia|date=2021-10-15|title=Most Eligible Bachelor Movie Review & Rating|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/most-eligible-bachelor-movie-review-rating-78511|access-date=2021-10-20|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=te|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020051702/https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/most-eligible-bachelor-movie-review-rating-78511|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The News Minute]]''<nowiki/>'s Balakrishna Ganeshan cited that "the film makes progressive take on arranged marriage with a few misses", giving a rating of 3 out of 5.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-10-16|title=Most Eligible Bachelor review: A progressive take on arranged marriage with a few misses|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/most-eligible-bachelor-review-progressive-take-arranged-marriage-few-misses-156557|access-date=2021-10-20|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020051705/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/most-eligible-bachelor-review-progressive-take-arranged-marriage-few-misses-156557|url-status=live}}</ref>

Writing for [[The Indian Express|''Cinema'' ''Express'']], Ram Venkat Srikar wrote that the romance is boring and the comedy is forgettable. Srikar felt that most of the film's second half feels like a spin-off to the filmmaker's 2010 film [[Orange (2010 film)|''Orange'']]. He further wrote: "''Most Eligible Bachelor'' holds its intentions in high regard and in the process, ends up being a tiring watch".<ref>{{cite web|title=Most Eligible Bachelor Movie Review: The romance is boring, the comedy is forgettable|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2021/oct/16/most-eligible-bachelor-movie-review-the-romance-is-boring-the-comedy-is-forgettable-27305.html|access-date=2021-10-20|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=16 October 2021 |language=en|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016075514/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2021/oct/16/most-eligible-bachelor-movie-review-the-romance-is-boring-the-comedy-is-forgettable-27305.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]''{{'s}} Sangeetha Devi Dundoo felt that "''Most Eligible Bachelor'' has technical finesse, a pleasing lead pair, offers a few laughs and hummable songs, but doesn’t sweep you off your feet. Pooja Hegde is lovely as Vibha and shows that she has more acting potential waiting to be tapped. Akhil Akkineni shows a lot of improvement as an actor and is good as Harsha. Among the melee of supporting actors, only Murali Sharma stands out."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=2021-10-16|title='Most Eligible Bachelor' movie review: Part-fun, part-preachy story of finding love|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/most-eligible-bachelor-movie-review-pooja-hegde-akhil-akkineni-prop-up-a-part-fun-part-preachy-rom-com/article37016653.ece|access-date=2021-10-20|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020051705/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/most-eligible-bachelor-movie-review-pooja-hegde-akhil-akkineni-prop-up-a-part-fun-part-preachy-rom-com/article37016653.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

J Jagannath of ''[[Business Standard]]'' opined that the director seems to have set out to write an Alice Munro-like story only to end up with something straight out of the slushpile every production house in this country is bombarded with, adding that "The movie has the soul and ambience of a fitting room at Zara. Apart from Akhil, Pradeesh Varma’s eye-pleasing cinematography and Gopi Sundar’s peppy soundtrack are the movie’s redeeming factors".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jagannath|first=J.|date=2021-10-23|title=Most Eligible Bachelor review: A slick, soulless movie that goes nowhere|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/most-eligible-bachelor-review-a-slick-soulless-movie-that-goes-nowhere-121102300886_1.html|access-date=2021-10-24|archive-date=24 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024135459/https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/most-eligible-bachelor-review-a-slick-soulless-movie-that-goes-nowhere-121102300886_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Jeevi of [[Idlebrain.com|''Idlebrain'']] in his review stated – "The climax of the film is preachy with Bommarillu Bhaskar trying to recreate the climax from his classic Bommarillu. Most Eligible Bachelor is not a bad film and it's better than most of the recent releases. However, it falls short of being a good film. The packaging of the film, music and Dasara holidays will do good for the film".<ref>{{cite web|title=Most Eligible Bachelor jeevi review - Telugu cinema review - Akhil Akkineni, Pooja Hegde|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mosteligiblebachelor.html|access-date=2021-10-20|website=www.idlebrain.com|archive-date=15 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015122153/http://idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mosteligiblebachelor.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
On the opening day, the film collected a gross collection of ₹18 crore worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-10-16|title=Akhil's Most Eligible Bachelor Day 1 Box Office Collection|url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/tollywood/akhils-most-eligible-bachelor-day-1-box-office-collection-144969|access-date=2021-10-20|website=Sakshi Post|language=en|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020055257/https://english.sakshi.com/news/tollywood/akhils-most-eligible-bachelor-day-1-box-office-collection-144969|url-status=live}}</ref> It collected a gross of ₹3 crore worldwide, on its second day. Thus, making the worldwide total two-days box office collection as ₹11 crore.<ref>{{cite news|title='Most Eligible Bachelor' box office collection day 2: Akhil Akkineni, Pooja Hegde's film off to a great start|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/most-eligible-bachelor-box-office-collection-day-2-akhil-akkineni-pooja-hegdes-film-off-to-a-great-start/articleshow/87078705.cms|access-date=2021-10-20|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=17 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017061917/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/most-eligible-bachelor-box-office-collection-day-2-akhil-akkineni-pooja-hegdes-film-off-to-a-great-start/articleshow/87078705.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> 70% was done in 2 days of its release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-18 |title='Most Eligible Bachelor' Having Decent Run at Box Office. Will it Release on OTT Soon? |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/most-eligible-bachelor-having-decent-run-at-box-office-will-it-release-on-ott-soon-4334405.html |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Its third day gross collection was ₹30 crore.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-10-18|title=Akhil's Most Eligible Bachelor Day 3 Box Office Collections|url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/tollywood/akhils-most-eligible-bachelor-day-3-box-office-collections-145050|access-date=2021-10-20|website=Sakshi Post|language=en|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020055258/https://english.sakshi.com/news/tollywood/akhils-most-eligible-bachelor-day-3-box-office-collections-145050|url-status=live}}</ref> At the [[Australia]]n box office, the film collected a gross of A$60,150 in the first three days. By the second day of release, it has collected a gross of $450,000 at the United States box office.<ref>{{cite web|author=News9 Staff|date=2021-10-18|title=Most Eligible Bachelor Day 2 box office collection: Akhil Akkineni, Pooja Hegde starrer continues to shine|url=https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/most-eligible-bachelor-day-2-box-office-collection-akhil-akkineni-pooja-hegde-starrer-continues-to-shine-127012|access-date=2021-10-20|website=NEWS9LIVE|language=en|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020055259/https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/most-eligible-bachelor-day-2-box-office-collection-akhil-akkineni-pooja-hegde-starrer-continues-to-shine-127012|url-status=live}}</ref> After one week of its release, the total worldwide gross collections of the film were {{INR}}24 crore.<ref>{{cite news|title='Most Eligible Bachelor' day 4 box office collection: Akhil Akkineni, Pooja Hegde's film earns Rs 54 crore after first weekend|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/most-eligible-bachelor-day-4-box-office-collection-akhil-akkineni-pooja-hegdes-film-earns-rs-54-crore-after-first-weekend/articleshow/87132818.cms|access-date=2021-10-20|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=19 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019084618/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/most-eligible-bachelor-day-4-box-office-collection-akhil-akkineni-pooja-hegdes-film-earns-rs-24-crore-after-first-weekend/articleshow/87132818.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-19 |title=Ram Charan heaps praise on Akhil Akkineni-Pooja Hegde's Most Eligible Bachelor |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ram-charan-heaps-praise-on-akhil-akkineni-pooja-hegde-most-eligible-bachelor-7579749/ |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2021-10-19|title=Most Eligible Bachelor Day 4 Collections: Akhil Movie On A Roll at Box Office|url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/tollywood/most-eligible-bachelor-day-4-collections-akhil-movie-roll-box-office-145113|access-date=2021-10-20|website=Sakshi Post|language=en|archive-date=19 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019060821/https://english.sakshi.com/news/tollywood/most-eligible-bachelor-day-4-collections-akhil-movie-roll-box-office-145113|url-status=live}}</ref> The film grossed over {{INR}}38 in 10 days of its release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-26 |title=Pooja Hegde, Akhil Akkikeni's 'Most Eligible Bachelor' Mints Rs 58 Cr in 10 Days |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/pooja-hegde-akhil-akkikenis-most-eligible-bachelor-mints-rs-68-cr-in-10-days-4365638.html |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> The film grossed ₹80 crore worldwide after 17 days of its release and became a commercial success.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-02|title=MEB Does The Trick For Akhil|url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/kollywood/meb-does-trick-akhil-145927|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Sakshi Post|language=en|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102130615/https://english.sakshi.com/news/kollywood/meb-does-trick-akhil-145927|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col"| Award
! scope="col"| Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Recipient(s)
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row" |[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| rowspan="4" |[[10th South Indian International Movie Awards|10 September 2022]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
|[[Pooja Hegde]]
|{{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/siima-awards-2022-check-out-the-complete-list-of-tollywood-winners-761317 | title=SIIMA Awards 2022: Check Out the Complete List of Tollywood Winners… | date=11 September 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|[[SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Critics Award for Best Actress – Telugu]]
|[[Pooja Hegde]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=siima |number=1579020620624691200 |title=Pooja Hegde with her Critics Best Actor in a Leading Role (Telugu) Award}}</ref>
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Music Director – Telugu|Best Music Director– Telugu]]
|[[Gopi Sundar]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/siima-nominations-here-is-the-complete-list-of-nominations-for-2019-and-2020-704128 | title=SIIMA Nominations: Here is the Complete List of Nominations for 2019 and 2020 | date=30 August 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu|Best Lyricist – Telugu]]
|[[Sri Mani]] ("Leharaayi")
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/siima-2022-nominees-announced-voting-begins | title=SIIMA 2022: Full list of nominees announced, voting begins | date=20 August 2022 }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]
| rowspan="2" |[[67th Filmfare Awards South|9 October 2022]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu]]
|[[Gopi Sundar]]
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners Of The Filmfare Awards South 2022 - Telugu |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-south-2022/telugu/winners |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307011918/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-south-2022/telugu/winners |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu]]
|[[Sid Sriram]] ("Manasa Manasa")
|{{nom}}
|-
!scope="row"|[[Santosham Film Awards]]
|[[21st Santosham Film Awards|26 December 2022]]
|[[Santosham Best Actress Award|Best Actress]]
|[[Pooja Hegde]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=ntv |date=4 December 2022 |title=Santosham Film Awards: 'సంతోషం'లో స్టెప్పులేయనున్న బాలీవుడ్ బ్యూటీ |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/news/bollywood-beauty-urvashirautela-shaking-legs-on-santosham-film-awards-stage-277101.html |access-date=20 March 2023 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN |archive-date=20 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320175304/https://ntvtelugu.com/news/bollywood-beauty-urvashirautela-shaking-legs-on-santosham-film-awards-stage-277101.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|11725680}}

{{Bhaskar (director)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Most Eligible Bachelor}}
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2021 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:Films scored by Gopi Sundar]]
[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:2021 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Geetha Arts films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in New York City]]
[[Category:Films set in New York City]]
[[Category:Indian films set in New York City]]

Ram Niwas Verma

2026-04-29T19:55:59Z

Paradigmresume: Adding A Article!

{{Short description|Member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ram Niwas Verma
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1967|01|1}}
| birth_place = [[Bahraich]], Uttar Pradesh
| constituency = [[Nanpara Assembly constituency|Nanpara]]
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly|18th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = March 2022
| term_end =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party = [[Apna Dal (Soneylal)]]
| profession = Politician
}}
'''Ram Niwas Verma''' is an Indian politician and a member of the [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from the [[Nanpara Assembly constituency]] of [[Bahraich district]].<ref name="upla">{{Cite web |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/18283/18 |title=Members of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] |website=uplegisassembly.gov.in |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://prsindia.org/mlatrack/ram-niwas-verma |title=Ram Niwas Verma |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=prsindia.org |publisher=[[PRS Legislative Research]]}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Apna Dal (Soneylal)]].<ref name="upla"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ourneta.com/neta/ram-niwas-verma/ |title=Ram Niwas Verma, ADS MLA from Nanpara |website=ourneta.com |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref>

==Early life==

Ram Niwas Verma was born on 1 December 1967 in [[Bahraich]], Uttar Pradesh, to a [[Hindu]] family of Peshkar Prasad.<ref name="upla"/> He married Seema Devi, and they had one child.<ref name="upla"/>

== See also ==

* [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]]
* [[Nanpara Assembly constituency]]
* [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Verma, Ram Niwas}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:People from Bahraich district]]
[[Category:Politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian political people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Apna Dal politicians]]

{{UttarPradesh-politician-stub}}

Maninagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-29T07:24:53Z

Paradigmresume:

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Maninagar
| mla = [[Amul Bhatt]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Ahmedabad West Lok Sabha constituency|Ahmedabad West]]
| established = 1975
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:277187}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 53
}}

'''Maninagar''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]] district and is one of the 7 assembly constituencies which make up [[Ahmedabad West Lok Sabha constituency|Ahmedabad West]] Lok Sabha seat.

Previously, [[Narendra Modi]] who was also the Chief Minister of Gujarat had represented this constituency as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] till 21 May 2014, when he resigned to assume the position of Prime Minister of India. In the [[2012 Gujarat legislative assembly election]]s, Modi won from this constituency with a majority of 86,373 votes over [[Sanjiv Bhatt|Sanjiv Bhatt's]] wife, Shweta, who was contesting for the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite news |publisher=NDTV |title=Big win for Narendra Modi, defeats Shweta Bhatt by huge margin |agency=Press Trust of India |date=20 December 2012 |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/assembly-polls/big-win-for-narendra-modi-defeats-shweta-bhatt-by-huge-margin-307772}}</ref>

==List of segments==
This assembly segment comprises the following wards of [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]].
Ward No. 36 -
Ward No. 36 -
Ward No. 43 -

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election!!Member!!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1975 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1975]]
| [[Navin Chandra Barot]]
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Mazdoor Paksha}}
|-
| [[1980 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" | Ramlal Ruplal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1985 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Kamlesh Patel (politician)|Kamlesh Patel]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party| rowspan=9}}
|-
| [[1995 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1998 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Narendra Modi]]
|-
| [[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
| [[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|-
| [[2014 elections in India#Gujarat|2014^]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Suresh Patel]]
|-
| [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<ref name=election2017/>
|-
| [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Amul Bhatt]]
|}

^By Poll

==Election results==
=== 2022 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Maninagar]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2023 |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate =[[Amul Bhatt]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,13,083
|percentage = 73.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = C.M. Rajput
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 22,355
|percentage = 14.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Vipulbhai Patel
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 14,184
|percentage = 9.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Bhatt Sunilkumar Narendrabhai
|party = Right to Recall Party
|votes = 128
|percentage = 0.08
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2,660
|percentage = 1.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 90,728
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,54,431
|percentage = 55.71
|change =
}}

{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

===2017===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Maninagar]]<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = '''[[Sureshbhai Dhanjibhai Patel]]'''
|votes = '''1,16,113'''
|percentage = '''71.24'''
|change = '''-5.93'''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Shweta Narendra Brahmbhatt
|votes = 40,914
|percentage = 25.10
|change = +4.54
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Shaileshkumar Valjibhai Keshria
|votes = 1,224
|percentage = 0.75
|change = +0.75
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Yuva Jan Jagriti Party|YJJP]]
|candidate = Ronakbhai Prakashbhai Gohel
|votes = 815
|percentage = 0.50
|change = +0.50
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|candidate = Sunilkumar Narendrabhai Bhatt
|votes = 453
|percentage = 0.28
|change = +0.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 2,612
|percentage = 1.60
|change = -0.04
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 75,199
|percentage = 46.14
|change = -10.47
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,62,980
|percentage = 64.82
|change = +28.82
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = -5.93
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014 Bypoll===
{{Election box begin | title=Bye-election, 2014: Maninagar}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Sureshbhai Dhanjibhai Patel]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 67,689
|percentage = 77.17
|change = +1.79
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jatin Vijay Jain (Kella)
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 18,037
|percentage = 20.56
|change = -0.78
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Kanubhai Shivdas Patel
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|votes = 544
|percentage = 0.62
|change = +0.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 1,443
|percentage = 1.64
|change = +1.64
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 49,652
|percentage = 56.61
|change = +2.57
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 87,713
|percentage = 36.00
|change = -34.07
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = +1.79
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Maninagar]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Narendra Modi]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,20,470
|percentage = 75.38
|change = +5.85
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Sanjiv Bhatt|Shweta Sanjiv Bhatt]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 34,097
|percentage = 21.34
|change = -4.77
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Pavanbhai Shravanbhai Makan
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|votes = 1,488
|percentage = 0.93
|change = +0.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Siddharth Yasvantray Kashyap
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,251
|percentage = 0.78
|change = -1.19
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Vinod Brahmbhatt
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = 1,098
|percentage = 0.69
|change = +0.69
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 86,373
|percentage = 54.04
|change = +10.62
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,59,807
|percentage = 70.07
|change = +9.14
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = +5.85
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2007===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2007]]: [[Maninagar]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Narendra Modi]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,39,568
|percentage = 69.53
|change = -3.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Dinsha Patel]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 52,407
|percentage = 26.11
|change = +1.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Renu Varunkumar Kavatra
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 3,955
|percentage = 1.97
|change = +1.97
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Bhimjibhai Devabhai Prajapati
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|votes = 1,731
|percentage = 0.86
|change = +0.86
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Amitkumar Lakshmanbhai Patanvadiya
|party =
|votes = 1,045
|percentage = 0.52
|change = +0.52
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 87,161
|percentage = 43.42
|change = -5.19
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,00,725
|percentage = 60.93
|change = +10.74
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = -3.76
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2002===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2002]]: [[Maninagar]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Narendra Modi]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,13,589
|percentage = 73.29
|change = +12.15
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Yatinbhai Oza]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 38,256
|percentage = 24.68
|change = -7.57
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Harishbhai Ramchandra Sharma
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|votes = 1,946
|percentage = 1.26
|change = +1.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Satubha Kanubha Vaghela
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 1,190
|percentage = 0.77
|change = -0.65
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 75,333
|percentage = 48.61
|change = +19.72
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,54,981
|percentage = 50.19
|change = +8.62
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = +12.15
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1998===
{{Election box begin | title=Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 1998: Maninagar}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kamlesh Patel
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 82,652
|percentage = 61.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Vijaykumar Chimanbhai Kella
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 43,602
|percentage = 32.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Narendrakumar Pannalal Patel
|party = All India Rashtriya Janata Party
|votes = 4,591
|percentage = 3.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = D. S. Yadav
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 1,926
|percentage = 1.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = G. K. Parmar
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = 1,016
|percentage = 0.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 39,050
|percentage = 28.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,35,191
|percentage = 41.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Ahmedabad district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat}}
{{coord|22.99|72.6|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Ahmedabad district]]
[[Category:Narendra Modi]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1975]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in Gujarat]]

S. Vaidyanathan

2026-04-26T07:24:00Z

Paradigmresume: Adding A Page

{{short description|Chief Justice of Meghalaya High Court}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=February 2024}}
{{BLP one source|date=February 2024}}
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = S. Vaidyanathan
| office = [[Chief Justice]] of [[Meghalaya High Court]]
| term_start = 11 February 2024
| term_end = 16 August 2024
| appointer = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| nominator = [[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud]]
| office1 = [[Judge]] of [[Madras High Court]]
| term_start1 = 25 October 2013
| term_end1 = 10 February 2024
| nominator1 = [[P. Sathasivam]]
| appointer1 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1962|8|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Coimbatore]]
| alma_mater = [[Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Chennai]]
| honorific_prefix = Hon'ble Chief Justice (Retd. )
}}
'''S. Vaidyanathan''' (born 17 August 1962) is an Indian Judge, who is a former [[Chief Justice]] of [[Meghalaya High Court]]. He has previously served as a [[Judge]] of the [[Madras High Court]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 February 2024 |title=President appoints Justice S. Vaidyanathan as Chief Justice of Meghalaya High Court |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/president-appoints-justice-s-vaidyanathan-as-chief-justice-of-meghalaya-high-court/article67805632.ece/amp/ |access-date=2 February 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaidyanathan, S.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Indian judges]]
[[Category:People from Coimbatore]]
{{improve categories|date=February 2024}}

Pennamma Jacob

2026-04-24T13:09:17Z

Paradigmresume: Adding Details

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Pennamma Jacob
| office = Member of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Muvattupuzha Assembly constituency]]
| term_end = 1977
| term_start = 1970
| birth_date = 10 February 1927
| death_date = 8 October 1998
| spouse = P. T. Jacob
| relations = [[T. M. Jacob]] (son in law)
| predecessor = [[P. V. Abraham]]
| successor = [[P. C. Joseph]]
| image =
}}
'''Pennamma Jacob''' (10 February 1927 – 8 October 1998) was an Indian politician who served as a Member of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] from [[Muvattupuzha Assembly constituency]] from 1970 to 1977.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MEMBERS OF PREVIOUS ASSEMBLY - FOURTH KLA (1970 - 1977) |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/mem_1_4.htm |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Kerala Legislature}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=From 1957 to 2021: Woman leaders in Kerala Assembly - A rundown |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2021/mar/02/from-1957-to-2021-woman-leaders-in-kerala-assembly---a-rundown-2270824.html |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> She was an independent candidate.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Paul |first=John L. |date=2021-03-05 |title=In Muvattupuzha, unpredictable shifts in voting patterns |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala-assembly/in-muvattupuzha-unpredictable-shifts-in-voting-patterns/article34001397.ece |access-date=2022-12-12 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
She was born on 10 February 1927<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Pennamma Jacob |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m501.htm |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Kerala Legislature}}</ref> as fifth child of her parents.<ref name=":0" /> She married P. T. Jacob who was a school teacher when she was 17.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pennamma Jacob – the sole woman who made it to Kerala Assembly from Ernakulam district |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2021/03/07/here-s-the-sole-woman-who-ever-represented-a-ernakulam-constitue.html |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=OnManorama}}</ref> She was the mother-in-law of [[T. M. Jacob]].<ref name=":0" /> On 8 October 1998, she died.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jacob, Pennamma}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1970–1977]]
[[Category:Women members of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]

{{Kerala-politician-stub}}

Gurez Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:16:17Z

Paradigmresume: created new post w/ refs - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Gurez
|type= SLA
| constituency_no = 17
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|mla = [[Nazir Ahmad Khan (Indian politician)|Nazir Ahmad Khan]]
|party = [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|district = [[Baramulla district|Baramulla]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Baramulla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baramulla]]
|established = 1996
|electors = 
|reservation = ST
}}
'''Gurez Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] a north state of [[India]]. Gurez is also part of [[Baramulla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baramulla Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/assembly-constituencies/gurez.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Gurez Assembly Constituency]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceojammukashmir.nic.in/Constituencies.html |title=Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Jammu and Kashmir |accessdate=2019-06-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081231174529/http://ceojammukashmir.nic.in/Constituencies.html |archivedate=2008-12-31 }}</ref><ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=562}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1996]]||Fakir Mohammad Khan||{{Full party name with color|Independent}}<ref name=election1996>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3794-jammu-kashmir-1996/ |title=Jammu & Kashmir 1996 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 November 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|-
|[[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2002]]||rowspan=4|[[Nazir Ahmad Khan (Indian politician)|Nazir Ahmad Khan]]||{{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|rowspan=4}}<ref name=election2002>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3795-jammu-kashmir-2002/ |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2002 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 November 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|-
|[[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3796-jammu-kashmir-2008/ |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 November 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|-
|[[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurez<ref>{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bandipora|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|access-date=10 October 2024|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010072117/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|archive-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Nazir Ahmad Khan (Indian politician)|Nazir Ahmad Khan]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |votes=8,378 |percentage=46.64% |change= {{decrease}}2.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Faqir Mohammed Khan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,246 |percentage=40.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nisar Ahmad Lone |party=Democratic Progressive Azad Party |votes=1,966 |percentage=10.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=150 |percentage=0.84% |change={{increase}}0.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Rasool |party=Independent politician |votes=113 |percentage=0.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammad Hamza Lone |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference |votes=109 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,132 |percentage=6.30% |change= {{increase}}5.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,962 |percentage=81.16% |change= {{increase}}2.85 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 22,131 |ref = |change= {{increase}}25.57 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |loser= |swing= {{decrease}}1.64 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurez<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Nazir Ahmad Khan (Indian politician)|Nazir Ahmad Khan]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=6,664 |percentage=48.29% |change={{decrease}}2.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Faqir Mohammed Khan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,523 |percentage=47.26% |change={{increase}}2.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Ismail Lone |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=448 |percentage=3.25% |change={{increase}}1.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Rasool Bhat |party=Independent politician |votes=100 |percentage=0.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=66 |percentage=0.48% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=141 |percentage=1.02% |change= {{decrease}}5.40 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,801 |percentage=78.31% |change= {{increase}}4.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,624 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.52 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}2.78 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurez<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225073739/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=25 December 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Nazir Ahmad Khan (Indian politician)|Nazir Ahmad Khan]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=5,817 |percentage=51.06% |change={{decrease}}2.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Faqeer Ahmad Khan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,085 |percentage=44.64% |change={{increase}}43.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nazir Ahmad Bhat |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=170 |percentage=1.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Iqbal Lone |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=132 |percentage=1.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Riyaz Ahmed Wani |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=114 |percentage=1.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Aziz Wani |party=Jammu & Kashmir Democratic Party Nationalist |votes=74 |percentage=0.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=732 |percentage=6.43% |change= {{decrease}}5.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,392 |percentage=74.02% |change= {{decrease}}2.48 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,390 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.84 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}2.39 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurez<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192246/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Nazir Ahmad Khan (Indian politician)|Nazir Ahmad Khan]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=5,782 |percentage=53.45% |change={{increase}}34.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Faqir Mohammed Khan |party=Independent politician |votes=4,532 |percentage=41.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Yasin Lone |party=Independent politician |votes=210 |percentage=1.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Nabi |party=Independent politician |votes=163 |percentage=1.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hamidullah Mir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=130 |percentage=1.20% |change={{decrease}}16.13 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,250 |percentage=11.56% |change= {{increase}}0.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,817 |percentage=76.50% |change= {{increase}}2.58 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,140 |ref = |change= {{increase}}42.83 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}23.73 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurez<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117084805/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Faqir Mohammed Khan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,175 |percentage=29.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Anwar |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=1,398 |percentage=19.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nazir Ahmad Khan |party=Janata Dal |votes=1,340 |percentage=18.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hamidulla Mir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,268 |percentage=17.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Anwar Sheikh |party=Jammu and Kashmir Awami League |votes=548 |percentage=7.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Habibullah Mir |party=Independent politician |votes=415 |percentage=5.67% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shabir Ahmad Khan |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=174 |percentage=2.38% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=777 |percentage=10.62% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,318 |percentage=76.14% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,900 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==

* [[Gurez]]
* [[Baramulla district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{coord|34.636|74.774|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Baramulla district]]
[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:1996 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1996]]

Jeswin Aldrin

2026-04-19T16:28:33Z

Paradigmresume: Created New Details

{{Short description|Indian long jumper (born 2001)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}

{{Infobox sportsperson
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2001|12|24|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mudalur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<ref>{{citation|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/long-read-a-village-of-churches-halwa-and-the-next-big-hope-in-indian-athletics-long-jumper-jeswin-aldrin-7872409/|title=A village of churches, halwa and the next big hope in Indian athletics, long jumper Jeswin Aldrin|website=Indian Express}}</ref>
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts|Bachelor of Public Administration]]
| alma_mater = [[Madras Christian College]]
| sport = [[Track and field]]
| event = [[Long jump]]
| pb = 8.42 m {{AthAbbr|NR|Indian}} (2023)
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Sport of athletics|athletics]]}}[[File:Athletics pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Indoor Athletics Championships|Asian Indoor Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2023 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships|2023 Astana]]|[[2023 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships – Results|Long jump]]}}
}}

'''Jeswin Aldrin''' (born 24 December 2001) is an Indian [[long jump|long jumper]] who holds the [[List of Indian records in athletics|national record]] with a jump of 8.42 m.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-02 |title=Jeswin Aldrin breaks men's long jump national record with 8.42m leap |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/athletics/jeswin-aldrin-breaks-mens-long-jump-national-record-with-8-42m-leap/articleshow/98370439.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-03-03 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Aldrin represented India at the [[2024 Paris Olympics]] in the [[Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump|men's long jump]] event.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Olympic Profile: Jeswin ALDRIN |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/athletes/jeswin-aldrin?utm_source=chatgpt.com |website=Olympics}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Jeswin was born on 24 December 2001 in [[Mudalur]], [[Tamil Nadu]] to parents Johnson Isaac and Esther Selva Rani. He has two younger brothers, Jerwin Isaac and Joywin Joseph. His elder sister is Adriana Simon and younger sister is Francina Simon. Jeswin's uncle Simon Isaac who lives in Chennai plays a major role in shaping his career.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-16 |title=Long Read: A village of churches, halwa and the next big hope in Indian athletics, long jumper Jeswin Aldrin |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/long-read-a-village-of-churches-halwa-and-the-next-big-hope-in-indian-athletics-long-jumper-jeswin-aldrin-7872409/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{iaaf name|id=14859332}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aldrin, Jeswin}}
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men long jumpers]]
[[Category:Athletes from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Thoothukudi district]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2024 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic athletes for India]]
[[Category:World Athletics Championships athletes for India]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games athletes for India]]
[[Category:Competitors at the 2025 Summer World University Games]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Gurjit Singh (ambassador)

2026-04-07T14:02:12Z

Paradigmresume: created some biography more to come - done

{{Short description|Indian diplomat}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image =
| office = [[Indian people|Indian]] [[Ambassador]] to [[Germany]]
| term_start = January 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indianembassy.de/pages.php?id=8 |title=Previous Ambassadors - Embassy of India, Berlin - Germany |website=www.indianembassy.de |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422062543/https://www.indianembassy.de/pages.php?id=8 |archive-date=22 April 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| term_end = March 2017
| predecessor = [[Vijay Keshav Gokhale]]
| successor = [[Mukta Dutta Tomar]]
| office1 =
| prime_minister1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 = Indian Ambassador to Indonesia and Timor Leste
| prime_minister2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = Biren Nanda
| successor2 =
| birth_date = March 11, 1958
| birth_place =
| occupation = [[Indian Foreign Service|IFS]]
| children = 2
| party =
| alma_mater = Mayo College, Ajmer
| profession = [[Civil Servant]]
| sibling =
| website =
| spouse = Neeru Singh
}}
'''Gurjit Singh''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[civil servant]] of the [[Indian Foreign Service]] cadre and a former [[Indian people|Indian]] [[ambassador]] to [[Germany]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/25946/Gurjit+Singh+appointed+as+the+next+Ambassador+of+lndia+to+the+Federal+Republic+of+Germany | title=Gurjit Singh appointed as the next Ambassador of lndia to the Federal Republic of Germany | work=mea.gov.in | accessdate=9 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indianembassy.de/pages.php?id=7 | title=Ambassador Gurjit Singh | work=indianembassy.de | accessdate=8 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308103732/https://www.indianembassy.de/pages.php?id=7 | archive-date=8 March 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/gurjit-singh-indias-new-envoy-to-germany/articleshow/49455683.cms | title=Gurjit Singh India's new envoy to Germany | work=economictimes.indiatimes.com | accessdate=8 June 2016}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Ambassador Singh finished his schooling at [[Mayo College]], Ajmer and obtained his bachelor's degree in Politics at the [[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xaviers College]], Kolkata. He is a Post Graduate in International Studies from the School of International Studies, [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]], New Delhi.

==Indian Foreign Service==
He is a 1980 batch officer of the [[Indian Foreign Service]]. He started his career in Diplomacy with a posting in [[Japan]] and has since been posted in [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kenya]] and [[Italy]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hertie-school.org/the-governance-post/2016/12/1686/|title=Interview with His Excellency Mr. Gurjit Singh, Ambassador of India to Germany - The Governance Post|date=2016-12-08|work=The Governance Post|access-date=2017-03-08|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Positions held==
*Ambassador of India to [[Germany]]
*Ambassador to [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/18912/Shri+Gurjit+Singh+appointed+as+the+next+Ambassador+of+India+to+Indonesia | title=Gurjit Singh appointed as the next Ambassador of India to Indonesia | work=mea.gov.in | accessdate=9 June 2016}}</ref> Also concurrently Ambassador of India to ASEAN and Timor-Leste.
*Ambassador to [[Ethiopia]] and Representative of India to the [[African Union]], [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|UNECA]] and [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development|IGAD]].
*Ambassador to [[Republic of Djibouti]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/5129/Shri+Gurjit+Singh+concurrently+accredited+next+Ambassador+of+India+to+Republic+of+Djibouti | title=Gurjit Singh concurrently accredited next Ambassador of India to Republic of Djibouti | work=mea.gov.in | accessdate=9 June 2016}}</ref>
*Deputy Permanent Representative of India to [[United Nations Environment Programme|UNEP]] and [[United Nations Human Settlements Programme|UN-HABITAT]].

==Publications==
He has authored five books:
* The Abalone Factor on India-Japan business relations. This book was awarded the Bimal Sanyal Award for Research by an Indian Foreign Service officer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/82773/indonesia-india-can-become-trendsetters-for-developing-world|title=Indonesia, India can become trendsetters for developing world|website=www.antaranews.com|language=en|access-date=2017-03-08}}</ref>
* The Injera and the Paratha on India and Ethiopia.
* Masala Bumbu on India-Indonesia relationship.
* A comic book called Travels through Time on India-Indonesia relationship.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/99282/indian-embassy-releases-comic-book-on-india-indonesia-relations|title=Indian Embassy releases Comic Book on India Indonesia Relations|website=www.antaranews.com|language=en|access-date=2017-03-10}}</ref>
* Opportunity Beckons: Adding Momentum to the Indo-German Partnership.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indienaktuell.de/magazin/wirtschaft/opportunity-beckons-buch-indien-deutschland-684597|title="Opportunity Beckons" – ein neues Buch über Indien und Deutschland - INDIEN aktuell|website=www.indienaktuell.de|date=29 January 2017|language=de-DE|access-date=2017-03-10}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Indian Ambassadors to the Federal Republic of Germany]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.indianembassy.de Embassy of India, Berlin - Germany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006002451/http://indianembassy.de/ |date=2016-10-06 }}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Politics|India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Gurjit}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Germany]]
[[Category:Indian Foreign Service officers]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Indonesia]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Djibouti]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Timor-Leste]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to ASEAN]]
[[Category:1958 births]]

Ajanubahu

2026-04-04T00:24:19Z

Paradigmresume:

{{Short description|Physiolgical difference in eastern culture}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}

{{Transliteration|sa|Ājānubāhu}} is a [[Sanskrit]] word to describe a person whose length of arms is such that his fingers touch his knee.<ref name=a>{{cite book|title=Udayana: New Horizons in History, Classics and Inter-Cultural Studies By Abhay Kumar Singh, Udai Prakash Arora|year=2007|pages=405|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4VeYJdww2YC&dq=Ajanbahu&pg=PA405|isbn=9788179751688|last1=Arora|first1=Udai Prakash|publisher=Anamika Publishers & Distributors }}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7uErAQAAIAAJ&q=Ajanbahu Ajanbahu Jatbasha, was eighth in descent from the founder of the dynasty, and was so called because of the length of his arms, his fingers reaching to his knees] Chhindwara, Central Provinces (1907) pp 28</ref>

In Indian culture, persons with such physical characteristics are either gods, saints, kings or great warriors. The idols of [[Hindu]] gods like [[Rama]], [[Lakshmana]], [[Krishna]] when shown in standing position are depicted as ajanbahu feature. Even idols of [[Jain]] [[Tirthankars]] are shown as ajanbahu.<ref name=a/> The great saints like, [[Sai Baba of Shirdi]], [[Ramakrishna|Ramkrishna Paramhansa]], [[Swami Samartha]] and [[Gajanan Maharaj]] were said to have ajanbahu characteristic.

In Buddhism, it is sometimes called ''paṭūrubāhatā''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Padmakara Translation Group |title=The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines |url=https://read.84000.co/translation/toh11.html |website=84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha |accessdate=2019-12-25 |date=2018}}</ref> or ''sthitānavanatājānupralambabāhuḥ''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön |translator-last1=Migme |translator-first1=Ani |title=Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra |date=2001 |chapter-url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/buddhism/book/maha-prajnaparamita-sastra |chapter=Chapter VIII - The Bodhisattvas}}</ref> It is among the [[Physical characteristics of the Buddha|thirty-two marks of a great man]] and as such, is characteristic of all [[Buddhas]].

[[Ajanbahu Jatbasha]], was so called because of the length of his arms, his fingers reaching to his knees (''ajanbahu'').<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7uErAQAAIAAJ&q=Ajanbahu] Chhindwara, Central Provinces (1907) pp 28</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Samudrika Shastra]]
*[[Ape index]]

[[Category:Physiognomy]]
[[Category:Buddhist iconography]]
[[Category:Hindu iconography]]

{{Hinduism-stub}}

National Working Committee of All India Trinamool Congress

2026-03-20T19:41:20Z

Paradigmresume: Done

{{Multiple issues|
{{notability|date=January 2025}}
{{notability|1=Companies|date=January 2025}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2024}}
}}
{{short description|Executive committee of National Working Committee of All India Trinamool Congress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
The '''National Working Committee of All India Trinamool Congress''' is the [[executive committee]] of [[Trinamool Congress]]. It was formed in December 1998 at Kolkata and was headed by [[Ajit Kumar Panja]]. It is composed of senior party leaders and is responsible for taking decisions on important policy and organizational matters, as well as guiding and directing the party's activities and campaigns at the national level. The Working Committee is currently headed by the party Chairperson [[Mamata Banerjee]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tmc-mp-suggests-mamata-banerjee-as-india-bloc-leader/articleshow/115668086.cms|title=TMC MP suggests Mamata Banerjee as INDIA bloc leader|first=Jayatri|last=Nag|date=25 November 2024|website=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref>

==Composition of National Working Committee==

===President===
{|class="sortable wikitable"

|-
! Name
! Portrait
! Position in government

|-
| [[Mamata Banerjee]]
| [[File:Official portrait of Mamata Banerjee.jpg|left|frameless|75px]]
| {{Ulist
| Chairperson
| [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]]
}}

|}

===Members===
{|class="sortable wikitable"

|-
! S. No
! Member
! Portrait
! Position in government

|-
| 1.
| [[Abhishek Banerjee (politician)|Abhishek Banerjee]]
| [[File:Abhishek Banerjee Photo.jpg|75px]]
| {{Ulist
| National General Secretary
| Leader of Trinamool Congress,[[Lok Sabha]]
| [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
}}

|-
| 2.
| [[Subrata Bakshi]]
| [[File:Subrata Bakshi - Kolkata 2023-03-29 4891.jpg|75px]]
| {{Ulist
| [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
| Former National General Secretary
| President of West Bengal Pradesh Trinamool Congress
| Chairman of All India Trinamool Congress Disciplinary Committee
}}

|-
| 3.
| [[Derek O'Brien (politician)|Derek O'Brien]]
| [[File:Derek 98744.png|75px]]
| {{Ulist
| [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
| Leader of Trinamool Congress,[[Rajya Sabha]]
}}

|-
| 4.
| [[Sudip Bandyopadhyay]]
| [[File:Shri Sudip Bandyopadhyay official portrait.jpg|75px]]
| {{Ulist
| [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
}}

|-
| 5.
| [[Amit Mitra]]
| [[File:Amit Mitra - Kolkata 2011-08-02 4269.JPG|75px]]
| {{Ulist
| Former [[Cabinet Minister]],[[Government of West Bengal]]
}}

|-
| 6.
| [[Firhad Hakim]]
| [[File:Firhad Hakim.jpg|75px]]
| {{Ulist
| [[Cabinet Minister]],[[Government of West Bengal]]
| [[Mayor of Kolkata]]
}}

|-
| 7.
| [[Aroop Biswas]]
| [[File:Aroop Biswas 2021.jpg|75px]]
| {{Ulist
| [[Cabinet Minister]],[[Government of West Bengal]]
| National Treasurer
}}

|-
| 8.
| [[Partha Bhowmick]]
| [[File:Partha Bhowmick.png|75px]]
| {{Ulist
| [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
}}

|-
| 9.
| [[Sujit Bose (politician)|Sujit Bose]]
|
| {{Ulist
| [[Minister of State (Independent Charge)]], [[Government of West Bengal]]
}}

|-
| 10.
| [[Chandrima Bhattacharya]]
|
| {{Ulist
| [[Minister of State (Independent Charge)]], [[Government of West Bengal]]
| National Vice President
| President West Bengal Pradesh Trinamool Mahila Congress
}}

|-
| 11.
| [[Birbaha Hansda]]
|
| {{Ulist
| [[Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of West Bengal]]
}}

|-
| 12.
| [[Moloy Ghatak]]
|
| {{Ulist
| [[Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of West Bengal]]
}}

|-
| 13.
| [[Kakoli Ghosh Dastidar]]
|
| {{Ulist
| [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
| Deputy Leader in Lok Sabha
}}

|-
| 14.
| [[Sushmita Dev]]
| [[File:Sushmita Dev (cropped).jpg|75px]]
| {{Ulist
| [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
}}

|-
| 15.
| [[Ashima Patra]]
|
| {{Ulist
| Member of [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| Former [[Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of West Bengal]]
}}

|-
| 16.
| [[Anubrata Mondal]]
|
| {{Ulist
| President of Birbhum District Trinamool Congress
}}

|-
| 17.
| [[Bulu Chik Baraik]]
|
| {{Ulist
|[[Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of West Bengal]]
}}

|-
| 18.
| [[Goutam Deb]]
| [[File:Shri Deb delivering speech in a seminar.jpg|75px]]
| {{Ulist
| [[Mayor of Siliguri]]
| Former [[Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of West Bengal]]
}}

|-
| 19.
| [[Lalitesh Pati Tripathi]]
|
| {{Ulist
| Former Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
}}

|-
| 20.
| [[Sukhendu Sekhar Roy]]
|
| {{Ulist
| [[Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]
}}

|-
| 21.
| [[Biman Banerjee]]<ref name="streamlines">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/west-bengal/trinamool-streamlines-party-organisation-mum-on-its-role-in-india-bloc/article68910494.ece|title=Trinamool streamlines party organisation, mum on its role in INDIA bloc|first=Shiv Sahay|last=Singh|date=26 November 2024|website=The Hindu}}</ref>
|
| {{Ulist
| [[Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
}}

|-
| 22.
| [[Manas Bhunia]]<ref name="streamlines"/>
| [[File:Manas Ranjan Bhunia - Kolkata 2023-03-29 4868.jpg|75px]]
| {{Ulist
| Former [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
| [[Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of West Bengal]]
}}

|-
| 23.
| [[Kalyan Banerjee (politician)|Kalyan Banerjee]]<ref name="streamlines"/>
|
| {{Ulist
| [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
}}

|-
| 24.
| [[Mala Roy]]<ref name="streamlines"/>
| [[File:Mala Roy (Member of Parliament).jpg|75px]]
| {{Ulist
| [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
| [[Chairperson]] of [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]
| Chairman of West Bengal Pradesh Trinamool Mahila Congress
}}

|-
| 25.
| [[Javed Ahmed Khan|Javed Khan]]<ref name="streamlines"/>
| [[File:Javed Ahmed Khan - Kolkata 2023-03-29 4893.jpg|75px]]
| {{Ulist
| [[Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of West Bengal]]
}}
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Ma Mati Manush]]
* [[I.N.D.I.A.]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Trinamool Congress]]

Ajay K. Sood

2026-03-19T19:47:22Z

Paradigmresume: Created The Article Needs Work

{{multiple issues|{{Resume-like|date=July 2025}}
{{Cleanup|reason=grammar issues|date=July 2025}}}}
{{Short description|Indian physicist (born 1951)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_name = Ajay Kumar Sood
| name = Ajay Kumar Sood
| image = Ajay-Kumar-Sood-FRS.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Sood in 2015 (portrait from the [[Royal Society]])
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1951|06|26}}<ref name=whoswho>{{Who's Who | title=SOOD, Prof. Ajay Kumar| id = U284078| volume = 2016 | edition = online [[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Gwalior]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]<ref name=whoswho/>
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = 4th [[Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India]]
| term_start = April 2022
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[K. Vijayraghavan]]
| successor =
| influences =
| influenced =
| website = {{URL|physics.iisc.ernet.in/~asood}}
| awards = {{Plainlist|
* [[Padma Shri]]
* [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (2015)<ref name=frs/>
* [[Materials Research Society|Materials Research Society (India)]] Medal}}
| education = [[Indian Institute of Science]]
| honorific_suffix = [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]
}}

'''Ajay Kumar Sood''' (born 26 June 1951)<ref name=whoswho/> is an Indian physicist and researcher currently serving as the 4th [[Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India]].

He holds two United States and five Indian [[patent]]s,<ref name="IISC Profile" /><ref name="Bangalore Nano">{{cite web | url=http://www.bangalorenano.in/nano_2012/AJAY_SOOD.html
| title=Bangalore Nano | publisher=Bangalore Nano | year=2014 | access-date=18 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104034525/http://www.bangalorenano.in/nano_2012/AJAY_SOOD.html
| archive-date=4 November 2014 }}</ref> and has contributed to research on [[graphene]] and [[nanotechnology]].<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="India Today">{{cite web |title=Heroes of the city's scientific success story | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/opinion/max-martin/story/heroes-of-the-citys-scientific-success-story-136950-2011-07-06
|website=India Today | date=7 July 2011 | access-date=18 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="Google Scholar">{{cite web | url=https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=hJ9np5kAAAAJ&hl=en
| title=Google Scholar | publisher=Google Scholar |year=2014 | access-date=18 October 2014}}</ref> He is a Distinguished Honorary Professor of Physics at the [[Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.physics.iisc.ernet.in/people-faculty.php|title=Department of Physics - Indian Institute of Science Bangalore|website=www.physics.iisc.ernet.in
}}</ref>

He was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] by the [[Government of India]] in 2013 for his contributions to science and technology.<ref name="Padma 2013">{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/list-of-padma-awardees/article4345496.ece
| title=Padma 2013 | newspaper=The Hindu | date=26 January 2013 | access-date=10 October 2014}}</ref> He was elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2015|Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)]] in 2015.<ref name="frs" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gonitsora.com/kamal-bawa-and-ajay-sood-elected-frs/|title=Kamal Bawa and Ajay Sood elected FRS - Gonit Sora|date=1 May 2015}}</ref>

Since 2019, he has served on the Physical Sciences jury for the [[Infosys Prize]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Infosys Prize - Jury 2020|url=http://www.infosys-science-foundation.com/prize/jury/jury-2020.asp|access-date= 10 December 2020|website=www.infosys-science-foundation.com
}}</ref> He is an associate editor of [[ACS Nano]].<ref>{{URL|https://pubs.acs.org/page/ancac3/editors.html}}
</ref>

==Biography==
{{quote box|align = right|width=21em|''The sound of music is also deep physics. Of course, you don't need to know that to appreciate music'' says Dr. Ajay K. Sood.<ref name="India Today Sood Effect">{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/science-and-technology/story/20110919-indian-scientists-at-forefront-of-research-ajay-sood-747599-2011-09-10 | title=India Today Sood Effect | website=India Today | date=10 September 2011 | access-date=2014-10-18}}</ref>}}
Ajay Kumar Sood was born on 26 June 1951,<ref name="INSA" /> in [[Gwalior]], India.<ref name=whoswho/><ref name="IISC Profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.physics.iisc.ernet.in/~asood/akscv.pdf
| title=IISC Profile | publisher=IISC |year=2014 | access-date=18 October 2014}}</ref> He obtained a [[Bachelor of Science|BSc]] (Hons) degree in physics in 1971 and a [[Master of Science|MSc]] (Hons) degree in 1972 from [[Punjab University, Chandigarh]].<ref name="INSA" />

In 1973, he joined the [[Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research]], [[Kalpakkam]], where he worked until 1988. During this period, he pursued doctoral research at the [[Indian Institute of Science]], obtaining a PhD in 1982. He subsequently carried out postdoctoral research at the [[Max Planck Institute for Physics|Max Planck Institute für Festkörperforschung]], Stuttgart, Germany, from 1983 to 1985.<ref name="IISC Profile" /><ref name="India Today Sood Effect" />

The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) offered Sood the post of an associate professor at the institution in 1988,<ref name="INSA" /> which he accepted. In 1994, he was promoted as the professor of the Department of Physics at IISc.<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="Google Scholar" /><ref name="IISc home page">{{cite web | url=http://www.physics.iisc.ernet.in/~asood/ | title=IISc home page | publisher=IISc |year=2014 | access-date=18 October 2014}}</ref> Four years later, he rose to the position of the chairman of the Division of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, IISc, which he held until 2008.<ref name="INSA" /> Sood has also been holding the position of the honorary professor at the [[Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research]], [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]] since 1993.<ref name="IISC Profile" /><ref name="INSA" /><ref name="India Today" />

Sood lives in Bengaluru, [[Karnataka]] state, India, associating himself with the Indian Institute of Science and the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research.<ref name="IISC Profile" />

==Research and legacy==
Sood has done research on [[Condensed matter physics|hard condensed matter and soft condensed matter physics]], with special emphasis on [[Raman scattering]] and [[nanotechnology]].<ref name="INSA" />{{Dead link|date=July 2025}}<ref name="India Today Sood Effect" />

===Research on resonance Raman studies===
Sood, along with his team of scientists at the Indian Institute of Science, has done experiments on [[semiconductor]] [[superlattice]]s, [[fullerenes]], [[C60 fullerene|solid C60]], [[C70 fullerene|C70]]<ref name="C60 and C70">{{cite journal | url=https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=hJ9np5kAAAAJ&cstart=20&citation_for_view=hJ9np5kAAAAJ:4TOpqqG69KYC | title=C60 and C70 | journal=Physical Review B | publisher=Google Scholar |year=2014 | volume=53 | issue=13 | pages=8180–8183 | doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.53.8180 | access-date=18 October 2014 | last1=Sundar | first1=C. S. | last2=Sahu | first2=P. Ch | last3=Sastry | first3=V. S. | last4=Rao | first4=G. V. N. | last5=Sridharan | first5=V. | last6=Premila | first6=M. | last7=Bharathi | first7=A. | last8=Hariharan | first8=Y. | last9=Radhakrishnan | first9=T. S. | last10=Muthu | first10=D. V. S. | last11=Sood | first11=A. K. | pmid=9982302 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> and single walled [[carbon nanotube]]s and [[Phonons|optical phonons]].<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="Superlattice">{{cite journal | url=https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=hJ9np5kAAAAJ&citation_for_view=hJ9np5kAAAAJ:u-x6o8ySG0sC | title=Superlattice | journal=Physical Review Letters | date=13 May 1985 | volume=54 | issue=19 | pages=2111–2114 | publisher=Google Scholar | doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.2111 | access-date=18 October 2014 | last1=Sood | first1=A. K. | last2=Menéndez | first2=J. | last3=Cardona | first3=M. | last4=Ploog | first4=K. | pmid=10031232 | url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Nano Archive 2">{{cite web | url=http://www.nanoarchive.org/4386/ | title=Nano Archive 2 | publisher=Nano Archive | date=2 April 2009 | access-date=18 October 2014}}</ref> They were successful in exciting squeezed phonon states in KTa03 crystals using [[femtosecond]] laser pulses and employing impulsive simulated Raman scattering.<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="Femtosecond">{{Cite web |url=https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?view_op |title=Femtosecond |access-date=10 August 2016 |publisher=Femtosecond}}</ref> He has also shown that liquid flow in a singled walled carbon nanotube induces the voltage and current to flow along the floor direction of the tube.

===Other research efforts===
Sood has also experimented with soft condensed matter like [[micelle]] composed [[Viscoelasticity|viscoelastic]] gels.<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="Micelle">{{cite journal | url=https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=hJ9np5kAAAAJ&cstart=20&citation_for_view=hJ9np5kAAAAJ:MXK_kJrjxJIC | title=Micelle | journal=Physical Review Letters | publisher=Google Scholar |year=2006 | volume=96 | issue=10 | doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.108301 | access-date=18 October 2014 | last1=Ganapathy | first1=Rajesh | last2=Sood | first2=A. K. | article-number=108301 | pmid=16605795 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> He developed an ultrasensitive [[immunoassay]] by subjecting colloids to an electrical field, thus generating nonequilibrium phenomena.<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="India Today Sood Effect" /> He has developed a medical diagnostic kit.<ref name="India Today Sood Effect" />

Sood is now working on the modalities of enhancing the viscosity of a material by adding nanotubes without increasing its weight.<ref name="India Today Sood Effect" />

==Academic fellowships and positions==
Sood is a fellow of science academies and institutions such as the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] (FASc)<ref name="INSA" /> (1991), the [[Indian National Science Academy]] (FNA) (1996), [[The World Academy of Sciences]] (FTWAS)<ref name="INSA" /> (2002) and the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] (FNASc)<ref name="INSA" /> (1995)<ref name="Bangalore Nano" /><ref name="INSA">{{Cite web |url=http://www.insaindia.res.in/detail/N96-1207 |title=INSA |year=2014 |publisher=INSA |access-date=18 October 2014}}</ref> and holds the Bhatnagar Chair of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]].<ref name="Bangalore Nano" /> He is the incumbent secretary general of [[The World Academy of Sciences]]<ref name="TWAS">{{cite web | url=http://twas.org/council | title=TWAS | publisher=TWAS |year=2015 | access-date=23 January 2015}}</ref> and a former president of the Indian Academy of Sciences from 2010 to 2012<ref name="Bangalore Nano" /> and the vice-president of the Indian National Science Academy from 2008 to 2010. He also served as a member of the Asia-Pacific Academy of Materials<ref name="APAM">{{cite web | url=http://www.niic.nsc.ru/apam/ | title=APAM | publisher=APAM |year=2014 | access-date=18 October 2014}}</ref> in 2008.<ref name="IISC Profile" />

Sood was an executive editor of Solid State Communications.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2020 |title=Solid State Communications Editorial Board |url=http://www.journals.elsevier.com/solid-state-communications/editorial-board/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918174613/http://www.journals.elsevier.com/solid-state-communications/editorial-board/ |archive-date=18 September 2020 |access-date=2 July 2024 |website=www.journals.elsevier.com}}</ref> He is also an editorial board member of the journals, [[Scientific Reports]], Particle<ref name="Particle">{{cite web | url=http://www.materialsviews.com/particle-particle-systems-characterization/ | title=Particle | publisher=Particle |year=2014 | access-date=18 October 2014}}</ref> and [[EPL (journal)|EPL]] (Europhysics Letters).<ref name="EPL">{{cite web | url=http://www.epletters.net/physics-journal/editorial-board/ | title=EPL | publisher=EPL | year=2014 | access-date=18 October 2014 | archive-date=25 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025052443/http://www.epletters.net/physics-journal/editorial-board/ }}</ref>

Sood has served on the scientific advisory committee to the [[prime minister of India]] from 2009 to 2014,<ref name="India Today Sood Effect" /> and is the chairman of the National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi.<ref name="IISC Profile" />

==Awards and recognitions==
He was awarded [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], in 1990, by the Government of India.<ref name="IISC Profile" /><ref name="Bangalore Nano" /><ref name="INSA" /> In 2013, the Government of India followed it up with the fourth highest civilian award, [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Padma 2013" />

The [[Third World Academy of Sciences]] (TWAS) recognised Sood's services by conferring on him the [[TWAS Prize]] in Physics, in 2000.<ref name="Bangalore Nano" /><ref name="INSA" /> The same year, he received four more awards viz. G. D. Birla Science Award,<ref name="INSA" /> [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry]] (FICCI) Award,<ref name="Bangalore Nano" /><ref name="INSA" /> [[Materials Research Society]] (India) Medal and Millennium Gold Medal of [[Indian Science Congress]].<ref name="Bangalore Nano" /><ref name="INSA" /> Two years later, in 2002, he received the [[Homi Jehangir Bhabha]] Medal of [[Indian National Science Academy]].<ref name="Bangalore Nano" /><ref name="INSA" /> The next year, in 2003, he was selected for the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Alumni Award for Excellence in Research for Science. Three more awards came his way the same year, viz.
[[M. N. Saha]] Birth Centenary Award of the [[Indian Science Congress]],<ref name="Bangalore Nano" /><ref name="INSA" /> [[Sir C. V. Raman]] Award of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]]<ref name="Bangalore Nano" /><ref name="INSA" /> and the Goyal Prize in Physics.<ref name="IISC Profile" /><ref name="Bangalore Nano" /><ref name="INSA" /> Sood was elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2015|Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2015]].<ref name="frs">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117101521/https://royalsociety.org/people/ajay-sood-12321/|archive-date=17 November 2015|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/ajay-sood-12321/|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|location=London|title=Professor Ajay Sood FRS}}</ref>
==See also==
{{Div col}}
* [[Graphene]]
* [[Soft matter]]
* [[Raman scattering]]
* [[Nanotechnology]]
* [[Indian Institute of Science]]
* [[Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book | title=Graphene: Synthesis, Properties, and Phenomena | publisher=Wiley-VCH | author=[[C. N. R. Rao]] and Ajay K. Sood | year=2013 | page=438 | isbn=978-3-527-33258-8}}
* {{cite book | title=Nano- and Microtechnology: Materials, Processes, Packaging, and Systems (Proceedings of Spie) | publisher=Society of Photo Optical | author=Dinesh K. Sood (Editor), Ajay P. Malshe (Editor), Ryutaro Maeda (Editor) | year=2002 | page=488 | isbn=978-0-8194-4731-9}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url=http://www.theindianpanorama.com/2013/04/08/president-confers-padma-awards/ | title=Padma Awards List | publisher=Indian Panorama |year=2014 | access-date=12 October 2014}}
* {{cite web | url=https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=hJ9np5kAAAAJ&hl=en | title=List of Articles on Google Scholar | publisher=Google Scholar |year=2014 | access-date=18 October 2014}}
* {{cite web | url=http://www-personal.umich.edu/~merlin/people/ajay_sood.html | title=University of Michigan Profile | publisher=University of Michigan | year=2014 | access-date=18 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024192719/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~merlin/people/ajay_sood.html | archive-date=24 October 2015 }}
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9cqsX9srEe4 | title=Ajay K Sood of IISC Speaking at 'Announcement of Bangalore India Nano Event'-1 Sep 2014 video | publisher=CituyBiz TV | date=1 September 2014 | access-date=18 October 2014}}
* {{cite web | url=http://www.iiserkol.ac.in/component/sobipro/?pid=54&sid=234:Ajay-K-Sood&Itemid=538 | title=Profile on Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata | publisher=Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata | year=2014 | access-date=18 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018163834/http://www.iiserkol.ac.in/component/sobipro/?pid=54&sid=234:Ajay-K-Sood&Itemid=538 | archive-date=18 October 2014 }}
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/photo/profile-of-top-25-scientists-in-india-366262-2011-09-11 |title=Profile of Top 25 scientists in India |date=11 September 2011 |website=India Today |language=en-US |access-date=17 January 2018}}

{{FRS 2015}}
{{SSBPST recipients in Physical Science}}
{{2000s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sood, Ajay K.}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:People from Gwalior]]
[[Category:Scientists from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]]
[[Category:Indian nanotechnologists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Science]]
[[Category:TWAS laureates]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian inventors]]
[[Category:Indian fellows of the Royal Society]]

Porsche India

2026-03-18T09:55:51Z

Paradigmresume: improved content after review and fixed typos as per guidelines

{{short description|Division of Porsche and Volkswagen Group India}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Porsche India
| logo =
| logo_size = 225px
| type = [[Division (business)|Division]] of [[Porsche]] & [[Volkswagen Group India]]
| slogan =
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2012}}{{Citation needed|reason=No citation given|date=December 2016}}
| founder =
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| area_served =
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| key_people = Manolito Vujicic (Brand Director)<ref>https://newsroom.porsche.com/en/2020/company/porsche-india-head-of-division-manolito-vujicic-23007.html#:~:text=Manolito%20Vujicic%20appointed%20new%20Head,phase%20for%20Porsche%20in%20India.%E2%80%9D</ref>
| products = [[Luxury vehicle]]s
| num_employees =
| market cap =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| parent = [[Porsche]]
| homepage = {{url|http://www.porsche.in}}
}}

'''Porsche India Pvt Ltd''' is a division of the German automobile manufacturer [[Porsche]] and the [[Volkswagen Group India]]. Founded in 2004, with headquarters in [[Mumbai]].

Porsche India currently imports and sells the [[Porsche Boxster|Boxster]], [[Porsche Cayman|Cayman]], [[Porsche 911|911]], [[Porsche Panamera|Panamera]], [[Porsche Macan|Macan]] and [[Porsche Cayenne|Cayenne]].

== History & sales ==

Porsche entered the Indian luxury car market in 2004, with initial sales handled through select dealerships.<ref name="ET2009">{{cite news |title=Porsche opens showroom in Mumbai |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/porsche-opens-showroom-in-mumbai/articleshow/4531407.cms |work=The Economic Times |date=13 July 2009 |access-date=28 December 2021}}</ref> In its initial years, the brand faced challenges due to high import duties and a limited service network. To strengthen its presence, Porsche formally established its own subsidiary, '''Porsche India''', in 2012.<ref name="BW2012">{{cite news |last=Shah |first=Anurag |title=Porsche Launches Own Indian Subsidiary |url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/Porsche-Launches-Own-Indian-Subsidiary/15-04-2012-34607/ |work=Businessworld |date=15 April 2012 |access-date=28 December 2021}}</ref>

Early sales were dominated by the [[Porsche Cayenne|Cayenne]] SUV, which accounted for approximately 85% of the brand's volume, as its performance and practicality resonated well with Indian consumers.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=Porsche aims to be top luxury car brand in India |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/porsche-aims-to-be-top-luxury-car-brand-in-india-330420 |website=Autocar India |date=17 January 2013 |access-date=28 December 2021}}</ref> By the end of 2012, Porsche had delivered a cumulative total of 1,052 units in India since its market entry.<ref name="auto1"/>

In January 2013, Porsche announced an aggressive expansion strategy to become the leading luxury automobile brand in India. This involved establishing new dealerships, termed "Porsche Centres," in major metropolitan areas such as Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Kochi.<ref name="auto1"/> The company also focused on expanding its service network and introducing models like the [[Porsche Macan|Macan]] compact SUV, which was launched in India in 2014 to tap into the growing demand for luxury SUVs.<ref name="TOI2014">{{cite news |title=Porsche launches Macan SUV in India, price starts at Rs 1.06 cr |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/cars/porsche-launches-macan-suv-in-india-price-starts-at-rs-1-06-cr/articleshow/45197871.cms |work=The Times of India |date=19 November 2014 |access-date=28 December 2021}}</ref>

Sales figures showed significant growth following this expansion. For instance, in the 2015 financial year, Porsche India reported a 32% year-on-year increase in sales.<ref name="FE2015">{{cite news |title=Despite import curbs, Porsche India posts record sales in FY15 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/auto/car-news/despite-import-curbs-porsche-india-posts-record-sales-in-fy15/69440/ |work=The Financial Express |date=27 May 2015 |access-date=28 December 2021}}</ref> The brand also introduced the [[Porsche Panamera|Panamera]] and expanded its range of sports cars, including the [[Porsche 911|911]] and [[Porsche Boxster/Cayman|Boxster/Cayman]] models, to diversify its portfolio beyond SUVs.<ref name="auto1"/>

== Models ==
=== Sports Cars ===
* [[Porsche 911|911]]

=== Saloon ===
* [[Porsche Taycan|Taycan]]
* [[Porsche Panamera|Panamera]]

=== SUV ===
* [[Porsche Macan|Macan]]
* [[Porsche Cayenne|Cayenne]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview of all Porsche models - Porsche Middle East |url=https://www.porsche.com/middle-east/_india_/models/ |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=Porsche Middle East |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Porsche Centres ==

* [[Ahmedabad]]
* [[Bangalore]]
* [[Chandigarh]]
* [[Chennai]]
* [[Delhi]]
* [[Kochi]]
* [[Kolkata]]
* [[Mumbai]]

== Volkswagen Group as an importer ==
As the company received positive response from customers in the Porsche India range, [[Porsche]] has appointed its parent company [[Volkswagen Group]], as the official importer of its cars in India.<ref>{{cite news|title=Porsche cars to be sold in India by Volkswagen|url=http://www.zigwheels.com/news-features/news/porsche-cars-to-be-sold-in-india-by-volkswagen/12653/1|website=zigwheels.com|date=30 April 2012|access-date=2024-05-16}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Audi India]]
* [[BMW India]]
* [[Mercedes-Benz India]]
* [[Lexus India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official|http://www.porsche.in}}

{{Porsche}}
{{Volkswagen Group brands}}
{{Automotive industry in India}}

[[Category:Porsche]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2004]]
[[Category:Indian subsidiaries of foreign companies]]

{{Motorvehicle-company-stub}}
{{Germany-company-stub}}

Gypsy (2023 film)

2026-03-16T01:41:23Z

Paradigmresume: Created Article

{{Short description|2023 Indian Marathi-language drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Gypsy
| image =
| caption =
| director = Shashi Chandrakant Khandare
| producer = {{ubl|Bolpat Nirmitee|Shraddha Shashi Khandare}}
| writer = Shashi Chandrakant Khandare
| starring = Kabir Khandare
| music = Vikas Chandrakant Khandare (Sound Design)
| cinematography = Pravin Jalindar Sonavane
| editing = Akshay Shinde
| production_companies = Bolpat Nirmitee
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|05|22|Cannes|2024|11|26|IFFI}}
| runtime = 105 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
}}

'''''Gypsy''''' (also known as '''''Gypsy: The Nomadic Tribe''''') is a 2023 Indian [[Marathi-language]] drama film written and directed by Shashi Chandrakant Khandare in his feature film debut. The film stars child actor Kabir Khandare as Jotya, a young boy from a nomadic community.

The film received widespread critical acclaim for its depiction of social marginalization and won the [[National Film Award for Best Child Artist]] at the [[71st National Film Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Needhi |title=President Murmu Mentions Special Appreciation For Child Artists Who Won Big At The 71st National Film Awards |url=https://www.bombaytimes.com/photo-stories/president-murmu-mentions-special-appreciation-for-child-artists-who-won-big-at-the-71st-national-film-awards/1758639485803 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251211085710/https://www.bombaytimes.com/photo-stories/president-murmu-mentions-special-appreciation-for-child-artists-who-won-big-at-the-71st-national-film-awards/1758639485803 |archive-date=2025-12-11 |access-date=2026-02-04 |website=Bombay Times |language=en}}</ref> It was also selected for the Indian Panorama section at the [[55th International Film Festival of India]] (IFFI).

== Plot ==
Jotya (Kabir Khandare) is a young boy born into an itinerant nomadic family that wanders aimlessly to survive. The narrative explores the extreme poverty and lack of basic necessities faced by his community. Forced to beg for stale food daily while his pregnant mother struggles, Jotya develops a unique sensory obsession with the smell of fresh, hot food, a luxury he is denied. The film follows his internal and external quest for dignity and a better life amidst a society that largely ignores the plight of nomadic tribes.<ref name="IFFIguide">{{cite web |title=Gypsy - Indian Panorama Feature Films |url=https://filmguide.iffigoa.org/detail/?id=6110 |access-date=4 February 2026 |website=IFFI Goa}}</ref>

== Production ==
The film was the result of a five-year development period by Shashi Khandare. It was shot in the [[Solapur]] region of [[Maharashtra]] under challenging weather conditions, with temperatures reaching 42°C (107.6°F). To maintain authenticity, lead actor Kabir Khandare performed several sequences barefoot. The director intended the film to spark dialogue regarding the illiteracy and "sensory experiences" of marginalized children.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=४२ डिग्री तापमानामध्ये अनवाणी शूट करुन छोट्या कबीरने केली कमाल, PIFF मध्ये विशेष सन्मान |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/kabir-khandare-got-special-jury-mention-best-actor-award-in-pune-international-film-festival-for-gypsy-movie/articleshow/107478907.cms |access-date=2026-02-04 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>

== Release and reception ==
''Gypsy'' premiered at the Marché du Film during the [[2024 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Needhi |title=President Murmu Mentions Special Appreciation For Child Artists Who Won Big At The 71st National Film Awards |url=https://www.bombaytimes.com/photo-stories/president-murmu-mentions-special-appreciation-for-child-artists-who-won-big-at-the-71st-national-film-awards/1758639485803 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251211085710/https://www.bombaytimes.com/photo-stories/president-murmu-mentions-special-appreciation-for-child-artists-who-won-big-at-the-71st-national-film-awards/1758639485803 |archive-date=2025-12-11 |access-date=2026-02-04 |website=Bombay Times |language=en}}</ref> It had its Indian premiere at the 55th IFFI in [[Goa]], where it competed for the [[International Film Festival of India|Silver Peacock]] for Best Debutant Director.<ref name="PIB_IFFI">{{cite web |date=26 November 2024 |title='Gypsy' exploration of resilience: Shashi Khandare |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2077919 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=55TH INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL OF INDIA |url=https://iffigoa.org/public/images/MediaPdf/55th-IFFI-Catalogue_Website_Single%20page_Updated.pdf}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
The film was a major winner at both state and national levels:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Nominee !! Result
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2025 || [[71st National Film Awards]] || [[National Film Award for Best Child Artist|Best Child Artist]] || Kabir Khandare || {{Won}}
|-
| [[61st Maharashtra State Film Awards]] || Best Rural Film || ''Gypsy'' <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='जिप्सी' फेम चिमुकल्याची कमाल, 47 डिग्रीत 12 दिवस अनवाणी पायांनी केलं शूटिंग, कबीरचं होणार खास कौतुक |url=https://news18marathi.com/entertainment/gypsy-fame-kabir-khandare-wins-61st-state-award-best-child-artist-1423656.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250629222514/https://news18marathi.com/entertainment/gypsy-fame-kabir-khandare-wins-61st-state-award-best-child-artist-1423656.html |archive-date=2025-06-29 |access-date=2026-02-04 |website=news18marathi.com |language=mr}}</ref>|| {{Won}}
|-
| 2024 || [[55th International Film Festival of India]] || Best Debut Director || Shashi Khandare<ref name=":1" />|| {{Nominated}}
|-
| 2024 || [[Pune International Film Festival]]|| Special Jury Mention (Acting) || Kabir Khandare<ref name=":0" />|| {{Won}}
|}

At the [[61st Maharashtra State Film Awards]], the film won a total of eight awards, including Best Screenplay, Best Cinematography, and Best Sound Design.<ref name=":2" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2023 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Films about poverty in India]]

Fighter kite

2026-03-15T03:56:57Z

Paradigmresume: created the data basic info - done

{{Short description|Kite used in the sport of kite fighting}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2013}}
[[File:Traditional Chula Kite (6962509888).jpg|thumb|Duelling ''chula'' and ''pakpao'' kites, part of the [[Thai kites|Thai kite-fighting tradition]]]]

'''Fighter kites''' are [[kite]]s used for the sport of kite fighting. Traditionally, most are small, unstable single-line flat kites where line tension alone is used for control, at least part of which is [[Manja (kite)|manja]], typically glass-coated cotton strands, to cut down the line of others.

Kite fighting is contested in many countries, but particularly in [[Afghanistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Nepal]], [[Pakistan]], [[Vietnam]], [[Korea]], [[Thailand]], [[Chile]] and [[Brazil]].

== Materials ==
In most traditional fighter kite [[manufacture]], the skins of kites are made from a [[lightweight]] thin paper and the spars are usually made from a lightweight and flexible wood, usually [[bamboo]].

In modern American fighters, the kite skins are made from a variety of synthetic materials – [[mylar]], aircraft insulation (orcon or insulfab), nylon, and [[polyester]] sheeting. The spine may still be bamboo, but often along with the bow is constructed of [[fiberglass]] or [[carbon fibre]].

=== Line ===
{{seemain|Manja (kite)}}
[[File:Maanja making.jpg|thumb|Lines being coated with crushed glass, by hand]]
Historically, for most Asian-type fighters, a thin cotton or hemp line is coated with a mixture of finely crushed glass and rice glue. In recent years, synthetic line has been coated with a variety of abrasives and stronger glue. Also, there have been some reports of metallic line being used. Some cultures use line that has metal knives attached to hook and cut the opponent's line.

Traditionally, players use a paste of some sort to toughen their line. The primary components of this include glue and crushed glass, but, depending on personal preference, other materials are added to improve the properties of the line.

In line-touch competition, synthetic braided fishing line, 15 to 20 lb test, is used due to its low stretch and high strength for the line diameter and weight. Waxed cotton, linen line, or Latex can also be used.

=== Key equipment names ===
{{hatnote|from west to east}}
* Spectra – A brand of fishing line used for American kite fighting.
* Power Pro – A very thin [0.25 mm diameter] braided fishing line used for American kite fighting.
* Hilo de competencia (o Hilo Curado) – The cutting line used in Chile.
* Cerol – The cutting line /thread used in Brazil
:In Afghanistan:
* Tar – cutting line
:In South Asia:
* Manjha – cutting line of India, Bangladesh and Pakistan (but manjho in Rajasthan).
::In and around greater Punjab:
:* Dore – cutting line.
:* Pench/paycha/paych – fighting to cut a kite down.
:* Kai Po Chhe – the winner says this to proclaim victory.
:Elsewhere in Asia
* Gelasan – The cutting line thread used in Indonesia

== Bridle, tuning and flight ==
Bridle position,
curve, centre of gravity, and balance of tension on the spars all play a role in how the kite spins and tracks. Afghan and Indian fighter kites and their variants have their bridles attached in two places on the kite's spine. The first place is at the crossing of the bow and the spine. The second attachment is three-quarters to two-thirds of the total length of the spine from the nose of the kite. The length of the top line to the tow point is the length between the two bridle to spine connection points. The length of the bottom bridle to the tow point is between {{convert|1/2|and|2|in}} longer than the length of the two spine connections. The spine of the kite has a slight convex curve toward the face of the kite. To make the kite spin more, the upper bridle line is shortened: to make the kite spin less, the lower bridle line is shortened.

Left and right tracking are adjusted by either placing weight on the tip of a wing, or by weakening the bow on the side that the flier wants the kite to track towards. The design of the kite plays a role in the tendency for the kite to spin and pull, and how much wind the kite can handle. Bridling and tuning are only effective when the kite chosen is able to handle the amount of wind that it is being flown in. If the wind is so strong that the spine and bow are severely distorted, no amount of bridle tuning will help with making the kite controllable. A crude method of making a kite flyable in over-strong wind, used in India where the kites are cheap and regarded as disposable, is to burn small holes in the flying surface, typically using a cigarette.

When the kite is flown with the line taut, the kite is deformed by the wind pressure, giving it a degree of stability. When the line tension is reduced, either by letting out more line or by the flyer moving into wind, the kite will begin to become unstable and begin to rock from side to side, or in extreme cases even spin. By reapplying tension at the right moment, the kite will move in the direction that the flyer requires.

Although a spool that allows rapid winding and release of line is used, often the flyer will fly the kite by holding the line instead of the spool, with one or more assistants to help manage the slack line between the flyer and the spool.

== Kite fighting ==

Many of these kites are flown with a typically very sharp, abrasive coated line (''manja''). Most are flown with a set length of this at the kite end. To avoid getting hand injuries ordinary string (''sadda'') is used for the ground end. Some lines have thin blades attached to the tail, line, or kite. Competition rules vary by region. Two or more contestants fly their kites. The person who cuts the opponent's line wins the fight. In multiple kite matches, the person with the last kite in the air is the winner.

The two most common types of cutting are done with abrasive coated line – release cutting or pull cutting. To release cut, once lines are in contact, both parties reel out their lines until one is cut. In pull cutting, the flier quickly pulls in the line. Winning factors include the skill of the kite flyer, size of the kite, its speed, agility and durability, the quality of the line, its sharpness, the quality and size of the spool, the spool mechanism, initial contact and wind conditions.

[[File:Kite Runners Wait (4369503475).jpg|thumb|Kite runners on rooftops in Afghanistan]]
Competitors try to capture their opponents kite and bring it to the ground. Expert kite fighters are able to cut their opponent's line and then encircle the trailing line (''lubjow'') of the cut kite. Once secured, the winner can then fly both kites and pull in the prize. If the cut kite is not captured, then the kite belongs to no-one, and "[[kite running|kite runner]]s" - typically younger children - will attempt to pursue and claim it.

Most contests are informal neighbourhood affairs. Organised competitions do exist, such as since 2015 the "[[Red Bull]] Kite Fight" each year in a series of cities in North India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Red Bull Kite Fight 2019 to take place in four cities in India |url=https://www.redbull.com/in-en/red-bull-kite-fight-2019 |publisher=Red Bull |access-date=17 January 2019}}</ref>

== By country ==
Various countries where fighter kites are flown all have their own specific styles of kites, rules for fighting, and traditions. In many cases there is a "season" or a special occasion particularly associated with kite flying.

=== Afghanistan ===
Kites used range from 0.5 to 1.5 meters across. The usual name for the sport is ''gudiparan bazi'' and for the cutting line ''tar,'' first described in an article online in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Art of Gudiparan bazi - Afghan Kite Flying |url=https://afghana.com/Entertainment/Gudiparanbazi.htm |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=afghana.com}}</ref> As elsewhere, the line is traditionally made with a cotton line and coated with a mixture of crushed glass and rice glue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592857,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225065934/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592857,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 February 2007|title=The Kite Maker|first=Aryn|last=Baker|date=22 February 2007|via=www.time.com}}</ref> However, nylon string with stronger glue is now the more preferred line. Kites can fly up to 3,500 meters in height, depending on the size.{{Citation needed|reason=up to 3,500 meters|date=January 2013}}

From 1996 to 2001, the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|first Taliban government of Afghanistan]] outlawed kite fighting and flying by declaring it "un-Islamic". After the [[Fall of Kandahar|Fall of the Taliban]], kite fighting regained popularity in the country. Since the Taliban reestablished its [[Afghanistan|second government over Afghanistan]], it is not known if the pastime has been again outlawed.

=== Bangladesh ===
[[File:Shakrain Kite Flyer.JPG|thumb|right|A kite fighter in [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]]]
As part of the [[Shakrain]] festival, people mostly from south [[Dhaka]] city engage in kite fighting. They fly kites mostly from the rooftops. The festival is held in the last day of the ''[[Poush]]'' month.

=== Brazil ===
In [[Brazil]], kite fighting is a very popular leisure activity for children, teenagers and even young adults, particularly boys and men.<ref>[http://streetsmartbrazil.com/flying-high-kids-kites/ "Flying High: Kids & Kites"], 03.05.12, http://streetsmartbrazil.com/</ref> As in other countries with similar traditions, injuries are common and motorcyclists in particular need to take precautions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirantesmt.com/2012/06/11/motorcyclists-worst-nightmare-brazils-deadly-kites/|title=A Motorcyclist's Worst Nightmare – Brazil's Deadly Kite lines.|first=Raf|last=Kiss|date=11 June 2012|access-date=26 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827025737/http://www.mirantesmt.com/2012/06/11/motorcyclists-worst-nightmare-brazils-deadly-kites/|archive-date=27 August 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The traditional kite (or ''"pipa"''), has pentagonal shape, but simple diamonds similar to fighter kites elsewhere are also very common.<ref>[http://www.bantamfilms.com/pipakite-flying/ "BRAZIL – PIPA / KITE FLYING"]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Bantam Films</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/15/opinion/brazil-kite-fight.html "‘Kite Fight’"] 15 July 2014, NY Times</ref>

=== Caribbean ===
Most Caribbean kites are hexagonal, flown with a tail, and instead of cutting with glass-coated line, use sharp objects (generally razor blades) attached to the tails to ''koule'' ([[Haitian Creole language|Creole]] for "drop") other kites.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://loganinhaiti.blogspot.com/2007/05/kites.html |title=logan in haiti: Kites |publisher=Loganinhaiti.blogspot.com |date=16 May 2007 |access-date=29 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drachen.org/journals/a09/Haiti.pdf|title=Memories of Kiteflying In Port au Prince|website=drachen.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601182937/http://www.drachen.org/journals/a09/Haiti.pdf|archive-date=1 June 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Instances have been media-covered or promoted in [[Haiti]], [[Cuba]],<ref>[http://www.dieppe-cerf-volant.org/dccv/cv/trad/ukniv3_tradcuba.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705185101/http://www.dieppe-cerf-volant.org/dccv/cv/trad/ukniv3_tradcuba.html|date=5 July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Gina Hsiung |url=http://www.csun.edu/~ghsiung/spotlt5.html |title=Spotlight page 5 – Cuban Kites |publisher=Csun.edu |access-date=29 July 2010}}</ref> [[Trinidad and Tobago]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsday.co.tt/sport/0,159023.html|title=Trinidad and Tobago's Newsday : newsday.co.tt|first=Agile Telecom Ltd. and|last=Xidemia}}</ref> [[Curaçao]] and [[Suriname]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://members.chello.nl/h.hagg3/Surinam_Fighter/Suri_fighter_index.htm |title=The Surinam Fighter Kite |publisher=Members.chello.nl |access-date=29 July 2010}}</ref>

=== Chile ===
The usual kite of this type is known as a {{ill|Volatín|es|Volatín|fr|volantín}}. They are roughly square, and made with light paper and bamboo sticks. Unlike other square fighter kites of the world, the Chilean ''volantín'' uses 3 support threads (two at the top and one at the bottom) for easier, more stable manoeuvre. Used for decoration or to highlight a celebratory motif such as the national flag, a trailing tail is left out for competitive matches. The Chilean ''volantín'' ranges from ''ñecla'', the smallest size available, to ''pavo'', the largest. However, for fighting ''medio pavo'', those of mid-size are most popular due to their more balanced performance in terms of speed, strength, and accuracy.
Practitioners of this activity usually begin fighting in September, when the spring winds buffet the coast. Clubs and professional associations prefer to host tournaments throughout the drier summer months when the commercial kite season is over.

Chilean kite fighting practice include the use of a large reel, (''carrete''), for the manipulation and storage of the abrasive thread, and the use of wooden sticks for the manipulation of the ''carrete'' in turn. Thus a skilled kite fighter will likely complete a match without ever touching the thread with their hands, having mastered these rods. Since the mid-2000s, they have spread across Latin America and Europe. Their convenience, durability and safety results in equipment exports and tourism.
[[File:VolatinBanderaChile.JPG|thumb|two ''volantines'' with Chilean flag]]

=== India ===
[[File:Kite shop in Lucknow.jpg|thumb|right|A kite shop in [[Lucknow]], India]]
Fighter kites are known as ''patang'' in India.<ref>[http://www.traditionalgames.in/home/property-games/pattam-pattam Pattum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426034920/http://www.traditionalgames.in/home/property-games/pattam-pattam |date=26 April 2012 }}, Indian Traditional Games</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-youngworld/article1079932.ece "High up in the sky"],
Sunny Sebastian, The Times of Inda</ref> In many others, kite flying takes place mainly during specific festivals particularly the spring festival known as [[Vasant Panchami]], during [[Makar Sankranti]] and more recently on [[Indian Independence Day]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/lord-of-the-strings-kite-wars-mark-indias-day-of-independence/article4481719/|title=Lord of the strings: Kite wars mark India's day of independence|newspaper=The Globe and Mail |date=14 August 2012 |access-date=17 August 2016}}</ref>

=== Japan ===
The Nagasaki Hata is similar to the Indian Patang, and it believed to have been introduced into Japan, from Indonesia, by Dutch traders. It is highly manoeuvrable and fought with glass coated line in line cutting contests in a similar way to kite fighting in many other countries.

A quite different type of kite fighting in Japan uses very large kites requiring teams. In these contests cutting line is not used, but instead kites are forced down. The festivals occur at [[Shirone]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.erdoboy.com/kites/99shirone.htm |title=1999 Shirone Kite Battle Festival |publisher=Erdoboy.com |access-date=29 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710195311/http://www.erdoboy.com/kites/99shirone.htm |archive-date=10 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and [[Hamamatsu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shizuoka-guide.com/english/travel/shizuoka/Matsuri.html|title=Unique local festivals|work=Shizuoka Prefectural Tourism Association|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724084011/http://www.shizuoka-guide.com/english/travel/shizuoka/Matsuri.html|archive-date=24 July 2008|url-status=dead|access-date=11 May 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The Rokkaku is a smaller 1-2m high hexagonal kite, but also fought with teams of players flying each kite. Both the Rokkaku and the smaller rectangular Buka have been adopted and further developed by western kite enthusiasts.

=== Korea ===
The [[bang-pae yeon]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsletter.drachen.org/July2006/july06-koreankites.html|title=Korean Kites at The Drachen Foundation|website=drachen.org|access-date=4 April 2009|archive-date=19 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519075631/http://newsletter.drachen.org/July2006/july06-koreankites.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> is a rectangular, bowed "shield" kite with a hole in the middle of the sail. The frame uses five bamboo spars—one each across the top and the "waist" of the kite, a "spine," and two diagonals.

Although cutting line and fights are similar to other Asian fighter kites, a large spool is always used.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drachen.org/pdf/Student-Readings/FighterKitesofKorea.pdf|title=Fighter Kites of Korea|website=drachen.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327085755/http://www.drachen.org/pdf/Student-Readings/FighterKitesofKorea.pdf|archive-date=27 March 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csun.edu/~ghsiung/fighters4.html|title=Korean, Japanese, Brazilian, Cuban, Thai and Malaysian Fighter Kites}}</ref>

=== Nepal ===
Kite fighting in [[Nepal]], called ''Changa Chait'', is especially popular around the festivals of [[Dashain]] and [[Tihar (festival)|Tihar]] in September/October and October/November, respectively. The skies are filled with colourful kites called ''changa,'' made from Nepali ''lokta'' paper and cutting lines coated in crushed glass. When a line is cut, the team with their kite still flying shouts ''"chet"'' to signal victory over the opposing team.

=== Pakistan ===
Kite fighting is common all over [[Pakistan]], but mainly concentrated in cities of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] and [[Sindh]] region including [[Faisalabad]], [[Gujranwala]], [[Karachi]], [[Islamabad]], with [[Lahore]] considered a major centre in South Asia. In the past, kite battling had a status of a sport in the city, with kite fliers termed ''Khilari'' ("sportsman").

Kites manufactured specifically for fighting are very different from conventional kites, as the former have features and capabilities made for competitions. The [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Mughal Emperor|Emperor]] [[Akbar]], who lived in Lahore from 1584 to 1598, enclosed the city in brick walls with twelve gates of considerable height and strength. Of these, the Moochi Darwaza ("Cobbler Gateway") is the most popular site in the city to buy and sell kite supplies and fireworks. Some fighting kite types include the Kup, Patang, Guda, Nakhlaoo, Pan, Tukal, Muchal, and Farfarata, all varying in balance, weight, and speed.

Kite flying is currently banned in some regions of Pakistan as some coat their lines with glass or shards of metal, leading to injuries and deaths. Threads for fighting kite lines are made with special glues, chemicals, and crushed glass, then numbered based on ability to cut other lines and load-bearing capacity. Kite flying is often a social event in Pakistan held once a year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://paktribune.com/news/No-room-for-new-air-night-Basant-celebrations-in-Pakistan-MMA-114140.html |title=No room for new air night, Basant celebrations in Pakistan: MMA |publisher=PakTribune |date=28 July 2005 |access-date=24 December 2011 |archive-date=14 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214041308/http://paktribune.com/news/No-room-for-new-air-night-Basant-celebrations-in-Pakistan-MMA-114140.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://paktribune.com/news/Lahore-basant-festival-89888.html |title=Lahore basant festival |publisher=PakTribune |access-date=24 December 2011 |archive-date=14 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214041233/http://paktribune.com/news/Lahore-basant-festival-89888.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==== Bassant in Lahore ====
[[Lahore]] is famous for its ''Bassant'' or Spring Festival, with people from both [[Pakistan]] and [[India]] attending the two-day festival on the last weekend of February or in March. It begins on a Saturday night with battles of white-coloured kites, as people hold parties and play loud music on their rooftops until morning. Duels are punctuated with cries of ''"paich"'' (signalling the ''manja'' or cutting lines are entangled and cutting each other down with fighters pulling and releasing), and victory cries of ''"wo kaataa"''. Wins are often celebrated with [[Punjabi culture|Punjabi]]-style ''[[Bhangra (dance)|Bhangra]]'' dancing to the beat of traditional drums.

=== United States ===
The Korean shield kite (''pangp'aeyon''), the Japanese ''rokkaku'' and Nagasaki Hata, the Brazilian ''piao'', and Chilean fighter kites have been used for demonstration purposes at various large kite festivals throughout the country. Kite fighting styles and designs also differ by region and state. In the [[Pacific Northwest]], enthusiasts prefer smaller, more maneuverable kites popularized by names such as Bruce Lambert. The North American Kite Fighting Association (NAFKA) has held events in the past few years in the states of [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and [[Oregon]]. In [[Southern California]], many different kites are flown, with the [[San Diego]] kite club having organised a [[New Year's Day]] kite fight for the past three decades. Many famous [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] kite fighters such as Victor Heredia have attended such competitions and offered prizes for beating them. On the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]], many different kite fighting customs have come with [[Immigration to the United States|immigrants]], and fights are scheduled with many different kite clubs holding both traditional as well as “line-touch” fights. The vast majority of all kite fights in the western United States are one-on-one battles.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

Kite fighters in the United States use a variety of innovative kites from a wide range of designs and materials for "line touch" and skills competitions. Fighter or "single line maneuverable" kites can be found flying throughout the country at many kite festivals. A championship competition occurs at the annual convention of the [[American Kitefliers Association]].

== Problems ==
=== Accidents ===
In India, Pakistan, Brazil and Chile, there have been reported accidents {{when|date=February 2018}} involving the abrasive coated cutting line.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}} These accidents range in severity from small cuts on the fighter's fingers to a few reported deaths from contact with the line while riding motorcycles.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://tribune.com.pk/story/630081/gruesome-end-stray-kite-string-kills-two-year-old/|title=Stray kite line kills two-year-old|date=10 November 2013 |publisher=Express Tribune}}</ref> In recent years, the fighting lines have evolved from the traditional cotton, rice and glass line to nylon or synthetic line coated with metallic or chemical abrasive compounds.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sidharth |first1=Sidharth |title=Lal Kuan's kite sellers cut the lethal cord |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/lal-kuans-kite-sellers-cut-the-lethal-cord/article24673358.ece |access-date=2 October 2018 |work=The Hindu |date=13 August 2018}}</ref> To prevent further injury, many{{which|date=December 2013}} countries have implemented restrictions or bans on the use of cutting line.<ref>{{cite news |title=Carabineros seizes more than 10 thousand yards of cutting line in Rancagua (in Spanish) |url=http://eltipografo.cl/2013/09/carabineros-incauta-mas-de-10-mil-yardas-de-hilo-curado-en-rancagua/ |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> Some{{who|date=December 2013}} have set limits on the materials used to make the line, others have mandated safety devices on motorcycles when riding during kite festivals. People have been injured while fixated on capturing a cut kite. Other injuries have been due to not paying attention to one's actions while watching battles. Most of these accidents are preventable when fighting is strictly controlled to a specific arena and proper safety gear is worn by the fighters. Other accidents have occurred due to the masses of people present during large kite festivals for which kite fighting has taken the blame.

=== Environmental difficulties ===
The kite strings left around after the fight can become stuck in tall trees and can stay there for long periods, impacting the natural aesthetic of parks and wilderness areas, thus degrading the experience of other park users from the trash that is left about.

The sharpened kite strings are a particular hazard for flying birds, as the strings easily cut through muscle and bone. Even with proper medical care, the birds take many weeks to recover. Stray animals have also been known to get trapped and injured on kite lines that have fallen closer to the ground.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}

== List of types ==
* Afghan Fighter Kite (Afghanistan)
* American Fighter Kite ((United States and Canada)
* Benang Gelasan (Indonesia)
* Do Akkhal (Pakistan)
* Do Pana (Pakistan)
* Farfarata (Pakistan)
* Gulair (Pakistan)
* Gum Pana (Pakistan)
* Indian Fighter Kite (also ''Patang'') (India)
* Kashti (Pakistan)
* Kupp (Pakistan)
* Layangan Aduan (rest of Indonesia)
* Layangan Palembang (Palembang, Indonesia)
* Lokta Changa (Nepal)
* Macchar (Pakistan)
* Pakistani Fighter Kite (also ''Patang'') (Pakistan)
* Piyala (Pakistan)
* Salara (Pakistan)
* Shistru (Pakistan)
* Suit (Pakistan)
* Teera (Pakistan)
* Tukkal (Pakistan and India)
*
*
*
*
* Hata (Japan)
* Rokkaku (Japan)
*
* Shield Kite (Korea)
* Chula and Pakpao (Thailand)
*
* Pipas (Brazil)
* Volantines (Chile)

== See also ==
* [[Kite running]], the practice of running after and catching kites drifting in the sky which have been cut loose in battle with other kites.
* [[Manja (kite)|Manja]] or Manjha, Hindi/Urdu for the abrasive coated fighting line as used in Pakistan and India.
* [[Basant Panchami]], Spring festival of Hindus celebrated with kite-flying in India.
* [[Shakrain]], Bengali kite festival
* [[Uttarayan]], The kite flying festival of northern India.
* The novel ''[[The Kite Runner]]'', and the [[The Kite Runner (film)|movie based on it]].

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category-inline|Kite fighting}}
* [http://www.csun.edu/~hfoao033/fighters.html Cyber Fighter Website]
* {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20130110222302/http://www.fighterkitecentral.com/ Fighter Kite Central]}}
* [http://nafka.net/ The North American Fighter Kite Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071229015900/http://nafka.net/ |date=29 December 2007 }}
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2978988.stm Pakistan tackles killer kites]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130117074244/http://www.ahmedabadkiteflyers.org/ourfighterkites.html Indian Fighter Kite Designs]
* [http://www.slideshare.net/targetseo/kites-india-indian-kite-kite-museum-india Kite Heritage – Indian Kite Collection]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131022224751/http://www.ahmedabadkiteflyers.org/kites-india-origine-history-definition/ Kite India – Origin, History, Definition]
* [http://www.kiteflyersindia.com/ Kite Flyers India Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016145141/http://www.kiteflyersindia.com/ |date=16 October 2013 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140903154720/http://www.worldrecordsindia.com/2014/03/largest-bamboo-kite/ India's Largest Bamboo Fighter Kite World Record 2014]
* [http://kite.org/styles/single-line/fighter-kites/ American Kitefliers Association]
{{Kites}}

[[Category:Kites]]
[[Category:Kite flying]]
[[Category:Sport in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Traditional sports of India]]
[[Category:Sport in Korea]]
[[Category:Sport in Nepal]]
[[Category:Traditional sports of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Indian games]]
[[Category:Pakistani games]]
[[Category:Korean games]]
[[Category:Traditional sports of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi games]]

Mark Revlon

2026-03-14T22:46:35Z

Paradigmresume: Made New Stub Nd Citations

{{Short description|Singer and drummer}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mark Revlon
| image = Mark Revlon Live (cropped).jpg
| caption = Fernandes in 2019
| birth_date = 14 August
| birth_name = Mark Revlon Fernandes
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|drummer|music producer}}
| spouse = Polita Gonsalves
| children = 2
| website = {{URL|facebook.com/MarkRevlon10}}
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| years_active = 1996–present
| instruments = {{hlist|Vocals|drums}}
| origin = [[Loutolim]], [[South Goa]]
| genre = [[Goan music]]
| current_member_of = Mark Revlon Band
| past_member_of = {{hlist|Luke's Band|Headlines}}
}}
}}

'''Mark Revlon Fernandes''' is a singer, drummer, and [[music producer]]. He initially joined his brother Luke's band as a drummer and singer in 1996. Subsequently, he formed a [[four-piece band]] called Headlines with Luke. He gained popularity following the single releases of "Ek ek dis", "Dis Udelho", and "Rise as one Goa", as well as [[cover song]]s "Celina" and "Sopnam". An [[autodidactic]] musician, he is the [[bandleader]] of the Mark Revlon Band.

==Early life==
Mark Revlon Fernandes was born on 14 August.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Furtado |first=Frank |date=14 August 2020 |title=Wishing you happiest birthday Mark Revlon Fernandes... |url=https://www.facebook.com/share/p/qyk8QkLosfBGdpCZ/?mibextid=oFDknk |access-date=5 August 2024 |website=Facebook}}</ref> He has a brother named Luke. Fernandes was exposed to music from a young age, as his father was a ''[[tiatrist]]'' - a performer in the [[Goan]] theater tradition. Watching his father entertain audiences with musical performances had an impact on him, inspiring him to pursue a career in music. During his formative years, he nurtured a fascination for music, with a specific emphasis on the art of drumming. In the absence of formal training, he independently learned how to play the drums through [[self-instruction]].<ref name=":0" />

Fernandes described how, during his childhood, he honed his skills by using everyday objects such as [[Stock pot|pots]] and [[Frying pan|pans]] to create rhythmic sounds through practice, which helped nurture his passion for percussion.<ref name=":0" /> He also has personal connections to the [[Culture of Goa|cultural traditions of Goa]]. Fernandes has ancestral roots in [[Vanxim]] island through his maternal grandmother and often visited the island during his childhood breaks, immersing in the local festivities, including the Bonderam [[harvest festival]] in [[Divar]] island.<ref name=":2" /> Prior to his musical career, he was involved in [[amateur football]], participating in inter-village competitions.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Betalbatim SC get the better of SSC Loutolim |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Sports/Betalbatim-SC-get-the-better-of-SSC-Loutolim/137731 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=oHeraldo}}</ref>

==Career==
Fernandes' initial introduction to music occurred in 1996 when his brother Luke introduced him to the musical world. At the time, Fernandes took up music despite the technological limitations of the era. His brother Luke, a musician, facilitated his exposure to music by supplying him with [[cassette tape]]s and [[CD]]s to enhance his singing and [[percussion]] abilities. In the year 1994, Luke initiated the formation of a [[musical ensemble]], with Fernandes becoming a member in 1996. Luke would share recordings by artists such as [[Freddie Mercury]] and [[Boney M.]] with Fernandes, exposing him to a variety of musical influences. Additionally, Fernandes expanded his musical knowledge by engaging with a variety of music genres broadcast on the radio.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Fernandes |first=Sheras |date=2017-05-14 |title=Aiming for the headlines |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2017/05/14/magazines/buzz/aiming-for-the-headlines/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[File:Mark Revlon Headgear.jpg|thumb|Fernandes performing live in 2019.]]
The [[four-piece]] musical group "Headlines" was formed in 1996 by the Fernandes brothers in [[Goa]]. The band's original lineup consisted of Franky on the [[Keyboard (instrument)|keyboard]], Edmund performed on [[Bass instrument|bass]], Chris was responsible for the [[lead guitar]], and Fernandes contributed on [[drum]]s and as the [[lead singer]]. The formation of Headlines followed the earlier breakup of a band that had been started by Luke in 1994. This earlier group's dissolution led the Fernandes brothers to come together and establish the new four-piece ensemble. In terms of their musical style, Headlines is described as blending elements of [[Dansband|dance and song]].<ref name=":0" />

Fernandes's [[repertoire]] features a mix of original compositions as well as [[cover version]]s of other artists' works. Some of the Fernandes's popular original songs include "Ek ek dis", "Dis Udelho", and "Rise as one Goa", which has gained him popularity among [[Goan]] audiences. Additionally he performed covers, such as "Celina" and "Sopnam", that have been well received by [[Goan music]] fans both locally and internationally. Headlines has primarily directed its live performances towards the state of Goa, seeking to harmonize their artistic aspirations with the musical preferences of their regional audience.<ref name=":0" />

Fernandes is known for his [[multilingual]] repertoire and international performances. In 2014, he took part in the United Kingdom's singing competition known as the Voice of UK, though he did not advance past the second round. Lacking formal [[vocal training]], he expressed satisfaction in making it as far as he did in the competition. Fernandes is adept at singing in a diverse range of Indian and foreign languages, including [[Hindi]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]], and [[Marathi language|Marathi]], as well as English, Portuguese, [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]], Italian, and Russian, respectively. His linguistic versatility allows him to cater to diverse audiences, particularly Goan listeners, for whom he performs songs in Konkani in addition to Hindi and English. He has maintained an active international performance schedule, appearing at [[nightclub]]s and other events in the United States, Australia, [[Bahrain]], [[Oman]], the United Arab Emirates, [[Macau]], [[Kazakhstan]], the United Kingdom, Russia,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Goan sensation Mark Revlon to perform in London at Easter |url=https://www.thegoan.net/global-goenkar/goan-sensation-mark-revlon-to-perform-in-london-at-easter/96924.html |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}</ref> Italy, Switzerland, and England.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=The true colours of Goan life at Bonderam |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/The-true-colours-of-Goan-life-at-Bonderam/209521 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=oHeraldo}}</ref> In reflecting on his musical journey, he has emphasized the importance of [[Social support|community support]] and the challenges of composing original material.<ref name=":0" />

[[File:Mark Revlon.jpg|thumb|Fernandes wearing a [[war bonnet]] during a live performance in 2019.]]
Fernandes collaborated with Royston and Revlon Jackson in 2017 to create the [[audiovisual]] music track "Rise as One". The idea for the project originated from Royston, who worked in conjunction with the Goa Sevens Premier League (GSPL) to develop the musical arrangement and lyrical content for the occasion. Fernandes was subsequently brought on to perform the [[lead vocal]]s for the track. Upon receipt of the initial lyrical content, a collaborative effort ensued involving Royston, Jackson, and Fernandes to refine and enhance the material through a series of revisions and [[Musical improvisation|improvisations before recording]] the vocal parts, which was completed in approximately two hours.<ref name=":0" />

Fernandes has commented on the value of collaborative creative efforts, highlighting the experience gained through working with others. He highlighted the benefits of cooperating with individuals from different backgrounds to elevate his performance experience and cater to a broader spectrum of audiences.<ref name=":0" /> In April 2023, London, he inaugurated his live performance journey by hosting three shows consecutively over a three-day period in the districts of [[Hounslow]] and [[Southall]]. He is the [[lead vocalist]] for a musical group known as the "Mark Revlon Band", which is credited to be one of the popular bands based in the state of [[Goa]].<ref name=":1" />

==Personal life==
Fernandes was raised in the village of [[Loutolim]], with ancestral ties to the island of [[Vanxim]] through his maternal grandmother.<ref name=":2" /> His brother Luke, is a fellow musician. In addition to his musical pursuits, Fernandes has demonstrated proficiency in the sport of [[association football|football]]. He has shared that in the absence of his music career, he would have potentially explored a path as a professional footballer.<ref name=":0" /> He continues to play [[amateur football]], participating in inter-village competitions in the [[Goa]] region. During the 2017–2018 season, he played for the Social Cultural Club Loutolim.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-04-03 |title=LOCAL SPORT SCAN |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2017/04/03/sports/local-sport-scan-10/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In November 2023, Fernandes helped guide the Guirdolim Club to the quarterfinals of the Fr Gervasio Pinto football tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guirdolim Club in quarter-finals |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Sports/Guirdolim-Club-in-quarterfinals/214423 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=oHeraldo}}</ref> He is also known for his linguistic abilities, a [[polyglot]], singing professionally in eight different languages - [[Hindi]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], English, Portuguese, [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]], Italian, and Russian.<ref name=":0" /> He is married to Polita Lurdes Gonsalves. As of July 2022, Fernandes and his wife are no longer Indian citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=List of applications for Deletion accepted |url=https://ceogoa.nic.in/pdf/Format9-11/Format%2010/ac28/28.pdf |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer, Goa]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Revlon, Mark}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Musicians from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Singers from Goa]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Aniket Bharti

2026-03-10T16:28:25Z

Paradigmresume: Created Initial Pg V1.

{{Short description|Italian footballer (born 2003)}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox football biography
|embed =
|name = Aniket Bharti
|image =
|image_size =
|alt =
|caption =
|fullname = Aniket Bharti
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|2003|05|10|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Rome]], Italy
|height = 1.88 m
|position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
|currentclub = [[FC Lokomotiv Gorna Oryahovitsa|Logomotiv GO]]
|clubnumber = 14
|youthyears1 = {{0|0000}}–2016
|youthclubs1 = [[Lechia Gdańsk II and Lechia's Academy|Lechia Gdańsk]]
|youthyears2 = 2016–2020
|youthclubs2 = [[Znicz Pruszków]]
|youthyears3 = 2023–2026
|youthclubs3 = [[Independiente Santa Fe]]
|years1 = 2022–2023
|clubs1 = [[Orsomarso SC|Orsomarso]]
|caps1 =
|goals1 =
|years2 = 2026–
|clubs2 = [[FC Lokomotiv Gorna Oryahovitsa|Logomotiv GO]]
|caps2 = 0
|goals2 = 0
|nationalyears1 =
|nationalteam1 = [[India national under-17 football team|India U17]]
|nationalcaps1 =
|nationalgoals1 =
|medaltemplates =
|club-update = 16:07, 17 March 2025 (UTC)
|nationalteam-update =
}}

'''Aniket Bharti''' (born 10 May 2003) is a [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Forward (association football)|forward]] for Bulgarian club [[FC Lokomotiv Gorna Oryahovitsa|Logomotiv GO]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ariza |first=Por Diego |date=2023-09-06 |title=No es fichaje, pero sí juega en Santa Fe: esta es la historia de Aniket Bharti |url=https://www.infobae.com/colombia/2023/09/06/no-es-fichaje-pero-si-juega-en-santa-fe-esta-es-la-historia-de-aniket-bharti/ |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> Born in Italy, he was an India youth international.

==Club career==
Bharti began his youth career in Poland with [[Lechia Gdańsk]]. In 2016, he moved to the youth setup of another Polish club [[Znicz Pruszków]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Zawodnik: Aniket Bharti |url=https://www.laczynaspilka.pl/rozgrywki/zawodnik/44c537fd-e801-40ba-92c6-47239220e65c?leagueId=c164ca31-22e4-43fc-9e30-4f3bcc2b7d72&tab=tab-history |website=laczynaspilka.pl |access-date=17 March 2025 |language=pl}}</ref> In March 2022, Bharti signed for [[Orsomarso SC|Orsomarso]], a Colombian second division team, on a free transfer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=País |first=El |date=2022-04-10 |title=Conozca a Aniket Bharti, el primer jugador indio en el fútbol colombiano |url=https://www.elpais.com.co/deportes/futbol-colombiano/conozca-a-aniket-bharti-el-primer-jugador-indio-en-el-futbol-colombiano.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=Noticias de Cali, Valle y Colombia - Periodico: Diario El País |language=spanish}}</ref> He quickly impressed at the reserve level and was promoted to the first team.

In September 2023, Bharti signed for [[Independiente Santa Fe]], initially joining their U20 team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-former-india-u-17-star-aniket-bharti-signs-colombian-club-santa-fe|title=Former India U-17 star Aniket Bharti signs for Colombian club Santa Fe|date=5 September 2023|access-date=6 September 2023|archive-date=6 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906060317/https://www.sportskeeda.com/amp/indian-football/news-former-india-u-17-star-aniket-bharti-signs-colombian-club-santa-fe|website=Sportskeeda.com|first=Mohul|last=Bhowmick}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Comunicado Oficial |url=https://independientesantafe.com/2023/09/05/comunicado-oficial-2/ |publisher=[[Independiente Santa Fe]] |access-date=17 March 2025 |language=es |date=5 September 2023}}</ref>

==International career==
Bharti has been represented in the [[list of Indian expatriate footballers]] as the part of the youth national teams.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mergulhao |first=Marcus |title=Young Aniket Bharti Joins Orsomarso SC, Second Division Club In Colombia |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/young-aniket-bharti-joins-orsomarso-sc-second-division-club-in-colombia/articleshow/90615868.cms}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Bharti was born in Rome, Italy, and has Indian citizenship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indie – A. Bharti – Profil piłkarza wraz z aktualnościami, statystykami, oraz historią – Soccerway |url=https://pl.soccerway.com/players/aniket-bharti/664905/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=pl.soccerway.com}}</ref> He is the brother of footballer [[Abneet Bharti]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Marcus|last=Mergulhao|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/young-aniket-bharti-joins-orsomarso-sc-second-division-club-in-colombia/articleshow/90615868.cms|title=Young Aniket Bharti joins Orsomarso SC, second division club in Colombia|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|date=3 April 2022|access-date=6 April 2022|archive-date=6 April 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406053329/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/young-aniket-bharti-joins-orsomarso-sc-second-division-club-in-colombia/articleshow/90615868.cms|location=[[Panaji]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-former-india-u-17-star-aniket-bharti-signs-orsomarso-sc|title=Former India U-17 star Aniket Bharti signs for Orsomarso SC|date=5 April 2022|first=Soumyadwip|last=Dey|website=sportskeeda.com|publisher=Sportskeeda|access-date=2 December 2022|archive-date=5 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705215408/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-former-india-u-17-star-aniket-bharti-signs-orsomarso-sc}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Soccerway|aniket-bharti/664905}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharti, Aniket}}
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Footballers from Rome]]
[[Category:Italian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Italian people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Znicz Pruszków players]]
[[Category:Orsomarso S.C. footballers]]
[[Category:Independiente Santa Fe footballers]]
[[Category:Italian expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Poland]]
[[Category:Italian expatriate sportspeople in Poland]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate sportspeople in Poland]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Colombia]]
[[Category:Italian expatriate sportspeople in Colombia]]

Sindhu Bhairavi (raga)

2026-03-08T18:11:50Z

Paradigmresume: adjust structure for clarity and fixed typos as per guidelines

{{Short description|Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
{{other uses|Sindhu Bhairavi (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox raga
| name = Sindhu Bhairavi
| alt = Raga in Hindustani
| caption = Veena.png
| image = Veena.png
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| thaat = [[Asavari (thaat)|Asavari]]
| type =
| time =
| season =
| arohana = {{svaraH|S|r|g|m|g|P|d|n|S'}}
| avarohana = {{svaraH|N|d|P|m|g|r|S|n|S}}
| vadi = {{svaraH|d}}
| samavadi = {{svaraH|g}}
| pakad =
| chalan =
| synonym = Sindh Bhairavi{{sfn|OEMI:SB}}
| equivalent =
| similar =
}}
{{Carnatic}}
'''Sindhu Bhairavi''' is a [[raga]] in [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]] and [[Carnatic classical music|Carnatic]] [[Indian classical music. It has a Svaraläya Janya, which is very rare.|classical music]], belonging to the Asavari [[thaat]]. In Carnatic music it is a [[Janya|Janya raga]] of the 8th [[Melakarta|melakartha]] raga [[Hanumatodi]].{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

The raga brings Viraham (separation), Shokam (sorrow), Karunam (compassion) and Bhakthi (devotion) [[Rasa (aesthetics)|rasa]]s. In Carnatic music it is a ''Bhashangaraga'', in which all the 12 notes are applicable.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

Sindhu Bhairavi is not to be confused with other similarly named ragas such as [[Sindhi Bhairavi]], [[Sindh (raga)|Sindh]], [[Sindhura]] and [[Sindhura Bhairavi]].{{sfn|OEMI:SB}}

==Theory==
[[Arohana]]: {{svaraH|S|r|g|m|P|d|n|S'|foot=yes}}{{sfn|OEMI:SB}}

[[Avarohana]]: {{svaraH|S'|n|d|P|m|g|r|S|foot=yes}}{{sfn|OEMI:SB}}

[[Vadi (music)|Vadi]]: {{svaraH|d}}{{sfn|OEMI:SB}}

[[Samavadi]]: {{svaraH|g}}{{sfn|OEMI:SB}}

==Popular compositions==
Popular carnatic compositions in the raga are:{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}
* ''Mosa Jese([[Javali]])'' by Chinnaiah of the [[Tanjore Quartet]] is originally in [[Hanumatodi]], sung today in Sindhubhairavi
* ''Vinnum Mannum'' by [[Subramania Bharati]]
* ''Venkatachala Nilayam, Tamboori meetidava, Vrindavanave Mandira, Tirupati Venkataramana, Harihara ninnanu, Elliruvano Ranga'', ''Kai Meeri Hoda Matige'' By [[Purandara Dasa]]
* ''Narasimhanembo Devanu'' is a long and beautiful composition of [[Purandara Dasa]] which contains the full story of [[Narasimha]] charitre is sung in Sindhubhairavi
* ''Krishnana Kolalina Kare'' By [[P T Narasimhachar]]
* ''Dummi Salenni, Govinda Gopala Gopika'' By [[Vadiraja Tirtha]]
* ''Enu Karanadinda'', ''Sharanu Sheshachala'' By [[Vijaya Dasa]]
* ''Vishweshwar Darshan, Bhaja Bhaja, Ramachandra Prabhu'' – [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma|Maharaja Swathi Thirunal]]
* ''Kalyana Gopalam'' – Narayana Theertha
* ''Pasyati Disidisi'' a [[Jayadeva]] Ashtapadi
* ''Manadhirkugandhadhu'' – Thanjavur Sankara Iyer
* ''Pankajaksha Pahi'' – Thulaseevanam
* ''Kantamam'' – Mayuram Viswanatha Sastri
* ''[https://www.bhajanmala.com/nodes/59 Pahi Pahi Gajanana]'' – [[Ganapathi Sachchidananda|Sri Ganapathy Sachchidananda Swamiji]]
* Thillana – Lalgudi Jayaraman
* ''Karunai Deivame'' - Madurai T. Sreenivasan

"''Sawan mor moharaan''", from Sham Churasi Gharana, by Ustad Salamat Ali Khan and his son Ustad Shafaqt Salam Ali Khan is one of the most popular composition in this raag.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}

== Film Songs ==
=== Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:#778899" |Song
!style="background:#778899" |Movie / Album
!style="background:#778899" |Year
!style="background:#778899" |Composer
!style="background:#778899" |Singer
|-
|Bhoomiyil Maanida
|[[Ashok Kumar (film)|Ashok Kumar]]
|1941
|Alathur V. Subramanyam
|Rowspan="2"|[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]
|-
|Vadaname Chandra Bimbamo
|[[Sivakavi]]
|1943
|[[Papanasam Sivan]], [[G. Ramanathan]]
|-
|Brindhavanatthil
|Rowspan="2"|[[Meera (1945 film)|Meera]]
|Rowspan="2"|1945
|Rowspan="2"|[[S. V. Venkatraman]]
|Rowspan="2"|[[M. S. Subbulakshmi]]
|-
|Kaatrinile Varum Geetham
|-
|Vazhkkai Ennum Odam
|[[Poompuhar (film)|Poompuhar]]
|1964
|[[R. Sudarsanam]]
|[[K. B. Sundarambal]]
|-
|Maayame Naan
|[[Missiamma]]
|1955
|[[S. Rajeswara Rao]]
|[[P. Leela]]
|-
|Ennai Yaar Endru
|[[Palum Pazhamum]]
|1961
| rowspan="9" |[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|rowspan=2|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Pesuvathu Kiliya
|[[Panathottam]]
|1963
|-
|Aaru Maname Aaru
|[[Aandavan Kattalai (1964 film)|Aandavan Kattalai]]
|1964
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Vaarayo Thozhi Vaarayo
|[[Pasamalar]]
|1961
|[[L. R. Eswari]]
|-
|Thaniya Thavikura
| rowspan="2" |[[Paadha Kaanikkai]]
| rowspan="2" |1962
|[[J. P. Chandrababu]]
|-
|Ettaduku Maaligayil
| rowspan="6" |[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Oorengum Mappillai
|[[Santhi (1965 film)|Santhi]]
|1965
|-
|Azhage Vaa Aruge Vaa
|[[Aandavan Kattalai (1964 film)|Aandavan Kattalai]]
|1964
|-
|Unnai Naan Santhithen
(Ragam Subhapanthuvarali touches too)
|[[Aayirathil Oruvan (1965 film)|Aayirathil Oruvan]]
|1965
|-
|Kaagitha Odam Kadalalai Meley
|[[Marakka Mudiyumaa?]]
|1966
|[[T. K. Ramamoorthy]]
|-
|Naan Unnai Vaazhthi
|[[Nootrukku Nooru]]
|1971
|rowspan=3|[[V. Kumar]]
|-
|Thamarai Kannangal
|[[Edhir Neechal (1968 film)|Edhir Neechal]]
|1968
|[[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Kalyana Sapadu Podava
|[[Major Chandrakanth (1966 film)|Major Chandrakanth]]
|1966
| rowspan="4" |[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Manapaarai Maadu Katti
|[[Makkalai Petra Magarasi]]
|1957
| rowspan="6" |[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|-
|Deivam Iruppathu Engey
|[[Saraswathi Sabatham]]
|1966
|-
|Paartha Pasumaram
|[[Thiruvilaiyadal]]
|1965
|-
|Ondrae Kulamendru (Anbilaar)
|[[Pallandu Vaazhga]]
|1975
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Sitthamellaam Enakku Sivamayame
| rowspan="2" |[[Thiruvarutchelvar]]
| rowspan="2" |1967
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Aadhi Sivan
|[[P. Susheela]], [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Adada Enna Azhagu
| rowspan="2" |[[Nee!]]
| rowspan="2" |1965
| rowspan="17" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| rowspan="2" |[[L. R. Eswari]]
|-
|Enakku Vantha Indha Mayakkam
|-
|Aadaludan Paadalai
|[[Kudiyirundha Koyil]]
|1968
|[[P. Susheela]], [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Ambigaiye Iswariye
|[[Pattikada Pattanama]]
|1972
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Indhiya Naadu En Veedu
|[[Bharatha Vilas]]
|1973
|[[M. S. Viswanathan]], [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]], [[L. R. Eswari]], [[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
|-
|Allah Allah
|[[Muhammad bin Tughluq (1971 film)|Muhammad bin Tughluq]]
|1971
| rowspan="3" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|-
|Ithanai Maandharuku
|[[Unmaiye Un Vilai Enna?]]
|1976
|-
|Enakoru Vidivelli
|[[Keezh Vaanam Sivakkum]]
|1981
|-
|Raman Eththanai
|[[Lakshmi Kalyanam (1968 film)|Lakshmi Kalyanam]]
|1968
| rowspan="3" |[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Enge Neeyo Nanum Ange
|[[Nenjirukkum Varai (1967 film)|Nenjirukkum Varai]]
|1967
|-
|Malarum Mangaiyum
|[[Annaiyum Pithavum]]
|1969
|-
|Sippiyil Muthu
|[[Anbai Thedi]]
|1974
|[[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Engeyum Eppothum
|[[Ninaithale Inikkum (1979 film)|Ninaithale Inikkum]]
|1979
| rowspan="11" |[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Naan Polladhavan
|[[Polladhavan (1980 film)|Polladhavan]]
|1980
|-
|Unakenna Mele
|[[Simla Special]]
|1982
|-
|Theertha Kariyinile
|[[Varumayin Niram Sivappu]]
|1980
|-
|Thendralukku Thaiveedu
|[[Rajanadai]]
|rowspan=3|1989
|-
|Kalyaana Maalai
|rowspan="2"|[[Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (film)|Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal]]
|rowspan="29"|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|-
|Keladi Kanmani
|-
|Enna Saththam Indha Neram
|[[Punnagai Mannan]]
|1986
|-
|Anbe Aruyire
|Sevvanthi
|
|-
|Paadatha Themmangu
|[[Poonthotta Kaavalkaaran]]
|1988
|-
|Kalaivaniyo Raniyo
|rowspan=2|[[Villu Pattukaran]]
|rowspan=2|1992
|-
|Solai Malai Ooram
|rowspan="4"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Oru Naalum
|rowspan="2"|[[Ejamaan]]
|rowspan="2"|1993
|-
|Nilave Mugam
|-
|Oh Vennilave
|[[Aanandha Kummi]]
|1983
|-
|Valaiosai
|[[Sathya (1988 film)|Sathya]]
|1988
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
|Poongaatru Puthithaanathu
|[[Moondram Pirai]]
|1982
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Naan Oru Sindhu
|[[Sindhu Bhairavi (film)|Sindhu Bhairavi]]
|1985
|rowspan=3|[[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Viralil Suthi Meettavaa
|[[Nandhavana Theru]]
|1995
|-
|Aatharikkum
|[[Nattupura Pattu]]
|1996
|-
|Muthumani Maala
|[[Chinna Gounder]]
|1992
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Shenbagame Shenbagame (3 Versions)
|[[Enga Ooru Pattukaran]]
|1987
|[[Asha Bhosle]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], Sunanda
|-
|Oru Santhana Kaattu
|[[Ellame En Rasathan]]
|1995
|rowspan=2|[[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Madhulam Kaniye
|[[Sami Potta Mudichu]]
|1991
|-
|Maatha Un Kovilil
|[[Achchani]]
|1978
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Thaneerilay Mugam
|[[Manikuyil]]
|1993
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Uma Ramanan]]
|-
|Sandhana Marbilae
|[[Nadodi Thendral]]
|1992
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Hey Poothathadi Saathi Malli
|[[Karuvelam Pookkal]]
|2000
|[[Uma Ramanan]] & Chorus
|-
|Mayil Pola Ponnu onnu
|[[Bharathi (2000 film)|Bharathi]]
|rowspan=3|2000
|[[Bhavatharini]]
|-
|Ram Ram
|[[Hey Ram]]
|[[Kamal Haasan]], [[Shruti Haasan]]
|-
|Nilavu Paatu
|[[Kannukkul Nilavu]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
|Punniyam Thedi Kasikku
|rowspan=2|[[Kasi (film)|Kaasi]]
|rowspan=2|2001
|-
|Yen Manavaanil
|-
|Aattama Therottama
|[[Captain Prabhakaran]]
|1991
|[[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|Kallaimattum Kandal
|[[Dasavathaaram]]
|2008
|[[Himesh Reshammiya]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
|Margazhi Thingal Allava
|[[Sangamam (1999 film)|Sangamam]]
|1999
|rowspan="10"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[S. Janaki]], [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Srimathumitha]]
|-
|Chikku Bukku Raile
|[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]
|1993
|[[G V Prakash Kumar]], [[Suresh Peters]]
|-
|Nenjinile Nenjinile
|[[Uyire]]
|1998
|[[S. Janaki]], [[M. G. Sreekumar]]
|-
|Thillana Thillana
|[[Muthu (film)|Muthu]]
|1995
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Yengae Enathu Kavithai
(Charanam Starts with Ragam Lathangi)
|[[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]
|2000
|[[K. S. Chithra]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
|Kulirudhu Kulirudhu
|[[Taj Mahal (1999 film)|Taj Mahal]]
|rowspan=2|1999
|[[Unni Krishnan]], [[Swarnalatha]], [[R. Visweswaran]] ([[Santur|Iranian Santoor]] in second interlude)
|-
|Kadhal Yogi
|[[Taal (film)|Thaalam]]
|[[T. L. Maharajan]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|Mana Mohana
|[[Jodhaa Akbar]]
|2008
|[[Bela Shende]]
|-
|Punnagaye
|[[24 (2016 film)|24]]
|2016
|[[Haricharan]], [[Shashaa Tirupati]]
|-
|Kodu Poatta
|[[Raavanan (2010 film)|Raavanan]]
|2010
|[[Benny Dayal]]
|-
|Nee Aandavana
|[[Vaaname Ellai]]
| rowspan="3" |1992
|[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|rowspan=2|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Rekkai Katti Parakudhu
| rowspan="2" |[[Annaamalai]]
| rowspan="8" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|-
|Vandhenda Paalkaran
| rowspan="2" |[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Naan Autokaran
|[[Baashha]]
|rowspan=2|1995
|-
|Thiloththama
|[[Aasai]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|Athanda Ithanda
|[[Arunachalam (film)]]
|rowspan=2|1997
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] & chorus
|-
|Aval Varuvala
|[[Nerrukku Ner]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Shahul Hameed]]
|-
|Megam Karukuthu
|[[Kushi (2000 film)|Kushi]]
|2000
|[[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
|-
|Enna Nenache
|[[Chokka Thangam]]
|2003
|P. Unni Krishnan, Anuradha Sriram
|-
|[[Ovvoru Pookalume]]
|[[Autograph (2004 film)|Autograph]]
|2004
|[[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]]
|rowspan="2"|[[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Idhuthaanaa
|[[Saamy]]
|2003
|rowspan=2|[[Harris Jayaraj]]
|-
|Theeye Theeye
|[[Maattrraan]]
|2012
|Franco Simon, [[Charulatha Mani]], [[Sathyan (singer)|Sathyan]], [[Aalap Raju]], [[Suchitra]]
|-
|Udal Enna Uyir Enna
|[[Amaravathi (1993 film)|Amaravathi]]
|1993
|Bala Bharathi
|Ashok
|-
|Andhi Poove
|Poove Unnai Nesithen
|
|Yekanthan
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Thayin Manikodi
|[[Jai Hind (1994 film)|JaiHind]]
|1994
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] and Chorus
|-
|Anbulla Mannavane
|[[Mettukudi]]
|1996
|[[Sirpy]]
|[[Swarnalatha]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
|Megamai Vanthu
|[[Thullatha Manamum Thullum]]
|1999
|rowspan=2|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|[[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
|Santhana Malligaiyil
|[[Rajakali Amman]]
|2000
|[[Vadivelu]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|Kilakku Sivakiyile
|[[Seevalaperi Pandi]]
|1994
|[[Adithyan]]
|Rajagopal, [[Sujatha Mohan]], P. G. Srikanth, [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]]
|-
|Yeh Asaindhaadum
|[[Paarvai Ondre Pothume]]
|rowspan=2|2001
|[[Bharani (composer)|Bharani]]
|P. Unnikrishnan, S. Janaki,
|-
|Maayane Andha
|[[Nandhaa]]
|rowspan=2|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|Rajalakshmi, [[Srimathumitha]]
|-
|Namma Kattula Mazhai Peiyuthu
|[[Pattiyal]]
|2006
|[[Ilayaraaja]], [[Roshini (singer)|Roshini]]
|-
|Kathaigalai Pesum
|[[Angadi Theru]]
|2010
|rowspan=2|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|[[Benny Dayal]], [[Hamsika Iyer]]
|-
|Tugalai Tugalai
|[[Thalaivii]]
|rowspan=2|2021
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|-
|Saara Kaatrae
|[[Annaatthe]]
|rowspan=4|[[D. Imman]]
|[[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Sid Sriram]]
|-
|Puli Puli Paayumpuli
|rowspan=2|[[Paayum Puli (2015 film)|Paayum Puli]]
|rowspan=2|2015
|[[Malgudi Subha]]
|-
|Naa Soodana Mogini
|[[Jyoti Nooran]]
|-
|Vaaren Vaaren Seemaraja
|[[Seemaraja]]
|2018
|[[Diwakar]], Kavitha Gopi
|}

=== Language:[[Hindi language|Hindi]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:#778899" |Song
!style="background:#778899" |Movie / Album
!style="background:#778899" |Year
!style="background:#778899" |Composer
!style="background:#778899" |Singer
|-
|Hansta Hua Noorani Chehra, Kali Zulfen, Rang Sunehra
|[[Parasmani]]
|1963
|rowspan=3|[[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Kamal Barot]]
|-
|Haal Kya Hai Dilon Ka
|[[Anokhi Ada (1973 film)|Anokhi Ada]]
|1973
|rowspan=2|[[Kishore Kumar]]
|-
|Aate Jate Khoobsurat Awara
|[[Anurodh]]
|1977
|-
|Kanha mein tose haari
|[[Shatranj ke Khilari]]
|1977
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
|[[Birju Maharaj]]
|-
|[[Jhoome Jo Pathaan]]
|[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]
|2023
|[[Vishal-Shekhar]]
|[[Arjit Singh]], [[Sukriti Kakar]]
|-
|Ek Radha Ek Meera
|[[Ram Teri Ganga Maili]]
|1985
|[[Ravindra Jain]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
|Yaaron Sunlo Zara
|[[Rangeela (1995 film)|Rangeela]]
|1995
|[[A R Rahman]]
|[[Udit Narayan]] & [[K S Chitra]]
|-
|Gupt Gupt
|[[Gupt (1997 film)|Gupt]]
|1997
|[[Viju Shah]]
|[[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], [[Hema Sardesai]], [[Chetan (singer)|Chetan]]
|-
|Dhoom Machale
|[[Dhoom]]
|2004
|Rowspan=2|[[Pritam Chakraborty]]
|[[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
|-
|Mauja Hi Mauja
|[[Jab We Met]]
|2007
|[[Mika Singh]]
|-
|'''[[Jai Ho (song)|Jai Ho]]'''
([[Sankarabharanam (raga)|Shankarabharanam]] alias [[Bilaval]] in the Interludes)
|[[Slumdog Millionaire]]
|2008
|[[A R Rahman]]
|[[Sukhwinder Singh]], [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Mahalakshmi Iyer]] and chorus
|-
|Zoobi Doobi (loosely based)
|[[3 Idiots]]
|2009
|[[Shantanu Moitra]]
|[[Sonu Nigam]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|-
|Ramta Jogi
|Rowspan=2|[[Taal (film)|Taal]]
|Rowspan=2|1999
|Rowspan=3|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|Rowspan=2|[[Sukhwinder Singh]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
|Taal Se Taal Mila
|-
|Mera Rang De Basanti Chola
|[[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]
|2001
|[[Sonu Nigam]], [[Manmohan Waris]]
|-
|Ram Chahe Leela
|rowspan=2|[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]
|rowspan=2|2013
|rowspan=2|[[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]
|[[Bhoomi Trivedi]]
|-
|Nagada Sang Dhol Baje

(Charanam starts with [[Bageshri]])
|[[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|-
|Tu Laung Main Elaachi
|[[Luka Chuppi]]
|2019
|[[Tanishk Bagchi]]
|[[Tulsi Kumar]]
|-
|Ishq Hi Hai Rab
|[[Dil Bole Hadippa!]]
|2009
|[[Pritam]]
|[[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Sonu Nigam]]
|-
|Rang De Basanti
|[[Rang De Basanti]]
|2005
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[Daler Mehndi]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Shah Ka Rutba
|[[Agneepath (2012 film)|Agneepath]]
|2012
|[[Ajay-Atul]]
|[[Sukhwinder Singh]], [[Ajay-Atul]], [[Anand Raaj Anand]], [[Krishna Beuraa]]
|-
|Tujh Mein Rab Dikhta Hai
|[[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]]
|2008
|[[Salim–Sulaiman]]
|[[Roop Kumar Rathod]]
|}

=== Language:[[Telugu language|Telugu]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:#778899" |Song
!style="background:#778899" |Movie / Album
!style="background:#778899" |Year
!style="background:#778899" |Composer
!style="background:#778899" |Singer
|-
|Vagaloi Vagalu
|[[Pathala Bhairavi]]
|1951
|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|[[Jikki]] and Chorus
|}

==Non-film/Album Songs==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:#778899" |Song
!style="background:#778899" |Language
!style="background:#778899" |Album
!style="background:#778899" |Year
!style="background:#778899" |Composer
!style="background:#778899" |Lyrics
!style="background:#778899" |Singer
|-
|Lift Karadey
(''"Teri Oonchi Shaan hai Maula"'')
|[[Urdu]]
|Kabhi to Nazar Milao
|2001
|[[Adnan Sami]]
|Riaz-Ur-Rehman Saghar
|[[Adnan Sami]]
|-
|Putapayodhi
|[[Sanskrit]]
|Jagannath Bhakti Rath Yatra
|2023
|Siba Prasad Rath
|Nanda Pradipta Kumar
|Abhilipsa Panda, Siba Prasad Rath
|-
|Dil Lagana Mana Tha
|[[Urdu]]/[[Hindi]]
|Dil Lagana Mana Tha
|2026
|Devv Sadaana
|Kunaal Vermaa
|Krishh Mondal, Kishore Mondal
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book |title=Sindhu Bhairavi Rāga (Hin), The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195650983 |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195650983.001.0001/acref-9780195650983-e-4618 |access-date=8 October 2018 |ref={{harvid|OEMI:SB}} |language=en |url-access=subscription }}

==External links==
* {{cite news |last1=Mani |first1=Charulatha |title=Light and melodious |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/light-and-melodious/article4702358.ece |work=The Hindu |date=10 May 2013 |language=en-IN}}

{{Melakarta ragas}}
{{Janya}}

[[Category:Hindustani ragas|Bhairavi]]
[[Category:Janya ragas]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{India-music-stub}}

Jora 10 Numbaria

2026-03-08T02:55:40Z

Paradigmresume: correct citations and added references

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jora 10 Numbaria
| image = Jora 10 Numbaria - Poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Wording
| director = [[Amardeep Singh Gill]]
| producer = Mandeep Singh Sidhu [[Amardeep Singh Gill]]
| writer = [[Amardeep Singh Gill]]
| screenplay =
| based_on =
| starring = [[Deep Sidhu]] [[Dharmendra]]
| music = [[Sachin Ahuja]] [[Sunny and Inder Bawra]]
| cinematography = Soni Singh
| editing = Hardik Singh Reen
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|2017|09|1|}}
| runtime = 138 minutes<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flicks.com.au/movie/jora-10-numbaria/ |title=Jora 10 Numbaria |publisher=Flicks.com.au}}</ref>
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Jora 10 Numbaria'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punjabiteshan.com/jora-10-numbaria-punjabi-movie-star-cast-release-date/|title=Jora 10 Numbaria Punjabi movie starcast release date|work=punjabiteshan.com|author=Punjabi teshan|date=13 April 2016 }}</ref> is a 2017 Indian [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]-language film written and directed by [[Amardeep Singh Gill]], starring [[Deep Sidhu]] in the title role of the gangster Jora. It was followed by Gill's ''[[Jora: The Second Chapter]]'' in 2020 with Sidhu reprising his role, focusing on Jora's rise to political power after becoming a gangster.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie Review - Jora: The Second Chapter - An intriguing tale |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/reviews/story/movie-review-jora-the-second-chapter-an-intriguing-tale-51935 |website=The Tribune India}}</ref>

==Plot==
A traumatic childhood and a corrupt justice system push a young man to become a ruthless gangster.

==Cast==
*[[Dharmendra]] as Jagga Baba
*[[Deep Sidhu]] as Jora<ref>{{cite news |title='Jora 10 Numbaria' shows reality of a gangster's life, says Deep Sidhu |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/jora-10-numbaria-shows-reality-of-a-gangster-s-life-says-deep-sidhu/story-3IBTgsNOb6pV4yVu942NQN.html |access-date=15 February 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=18 July 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Mukul Dev]] as Shera
*[[Mukesh Tiwari]] as Sultan Ahmed Qureshi
*[[Hobby Dhaliwal]] as Teja Aulakh
*[[Kul Sidhu]] as Kali
*[[Rahul Sharma (Punjabi actor)|Rahul Sharma]] as Teja's Driver
*Rohit Sharma as Pallavi's Brother
*[[Gaurav Rana]] as Harish Producer
*[[Sardar Sohi]] as Police officer
*[[Yaad Grewal]] as Deepa

==Sequel==
''[[Jora: The Second Chapter]]'' was released on 6 March 2020.

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Jora 10 Numbaria
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Inder Bawra, Sachin Ahuja & Sunny Bawara
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|08|17}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/jora-10-numbaria-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/id1272732275 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202234228/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/jora-10-numbaria-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/id1272732275 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 December 2017 |title=Jora 10 Numbaria (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |publisher=[[iTunes]]}}</ref>
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 24:51
| label = Yellow Music
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{external media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|Mr1EJFBKBNM|Jukebox}}}}
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = {{Duration|m=24|s=51}}
| title1 = Jora 10 Numbaria
| extra1 = [[Gippy Grewal]]
| lyrics1 = [[Amardeep Singh Gill]]
| music1 = Sunny Bawra & Inder Bawra
| length1 = 03:36
| title2 = Mulakat
| extra2 = [[Shazia Manzoor]]
| lyrics2 = Padamshri Surjit Patar Ji
| music2 = Sachin Ahuja
| length2 = 04:26
| title3 = Bathinde Wale Bai
| extra3 = Ninja
| lyrics3 = [[Amardeep Singh Gill]]
| music3 = Sachin Ahuja
| length3 = 03:29
| title4 = Vailly
| extra4 = Labh Heera
| lyrics4 = Ranjit Matt Sheron Wala
| music4 = Sachin Ahuja
| length4 = 04:11
| title5 = Shagan
| extra5 = Sardaar Ali & Hasan Ali
| lyrics5 = [[Manpreet Tiwana]] & Traditional
| music5 = Sachin Ahuja
| length5 = 09:11
}}

==Release==
The film released in [[India]] on September 1, 2017 .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmikafe.com/2017/07/18/jora-10-numbaria-teaser/|title=Jora 10 Numbaria teaser: Strong chemistry of Dharmendra and Deep Sidhu|work=www.filmikafe.com|author=Filmi Kafe|date=18 July 2017 }}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Award
!Date of ceremony
!Category
!Recipient
!Result
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Filmfare Awards Punjabi]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nominations for the Jio Filmfare Awards (Punjabi) 2018|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-jio-filmfare-awards-punjabi-2018_-27178.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=filmfare.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Filmfare Awards Punjabi 2018 Nominations|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-punjabi-2018/nominations|access-date=2022-01-18|website=filmfare.com|language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan="7" |23 March 2018
|Best Film (critics)
|Jora 10 Numbaria
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|Best Actor (critics)
|[[Deep Sidhu]]
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|Best Debut Director
|[[Amardeep Singh Gill]]
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|Best Background Score
|Sunny Bawra - Inder Bawra
|{{Won}}
|-
|Best Screenplay
|[[Amardeep Singh Gill]]
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|Best Dialogue
|[[Amardeep Singh Gill]]
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|Best Action
|Salaam Ansari
|{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="10" |[[PTC Punjabi Film Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-30|title=PTC Punjabi Film Awards 2018- Official list of nominations|url=https://www.ptcnews.tv/ptc-punjabi-film-awards-2018-official-list-nominations|access-date=2022-01-18|website=PTC News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-31|title=PTC Punjabi Film Awards 2018 were enthralling! Here's a list of the winners|url=https://www.ptcnews.tv/ptc-punjabi-film-awards-2018-list-of-winners|access-date=2022-01-18|website=PTC News|language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan="10" |30 March 2018
|Best Actor
|[[Deep Sidhu]]
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|Best Debut Director
|[[Amardeep Singh Gill]]
|{{Won}}
|-
|Best Dialogues
|[[Amardeep Singh Gill]]
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|Best Screenplay
|[[Amardeep Singh Gill]]
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|Best Role in Negative
|Hobby Dhaliwal
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|Best Playback Singer Female
|[[Shazia Manzoor]]
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|Best Background Score
|Sunny Bawra & Inder Bawra
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|Best Editing
|Hardik Singh Reen
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|Best Action
|Salaam Ansari
|{{Won}}
|-
|Best Cinematography
|Soni Singh
|{{Nominated}}
|}

==See also==
*[[Ramta Jogi]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt7202976}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Films about criminals]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Films set in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sachin Ahuja]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2017 Punjabi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:2017 directorial debut films]]

Avalukendru Or Manam

2026-03-04T04:53:38Z

Paradigmresume: Created New Info Needs Work

{{short description|1971 film by C. V. Sridhar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Avalukendru Or Manam
| image = Avalukendru Or Manam.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[C. V. Sridhar|Sridhar]]
| writer = Sridhar
| producer = Sridhar
| starring = [[Gemini Ganesan]] [[R. Muthuraman|Muthuraman]] [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]] [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]]
| cinematography = U. Rajagopal
| editing = N. M. Shankar
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = [[Chithralaya]]
| released = {{film date|1971|06|18|df=y}}
| runtime = 
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Avalukendru Or Manam''''' ({{translation|A mind of her own}}) is a 1971 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film [[romantic drama film]] produced, written and directed by [[C. V. Sridhar|Sridhar]]. The film stars [[Gemini Ganesan]], [[R. Muthuraman|Muthuraman]], [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]] and [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]]. It revolves around two women who fall in love with the same man.

''Avalukendru Or Manam'' was simultaneously made in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Duniya Kya Jaane]]'', with a largely different cast, though Bharathi repeated her role. It was released on 18 June 1971,<ref>{{Cite web |title=அவளுக்கென்று ஒரு மனம் / Avalukendru Oru Manam (1971) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/avalukendru-oru-manam |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129131105/https://screen4screen.com/movies/avalukendru-oru-manam |archive-date=29 November 2023 |access-date=16 July 2021 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref> and performed averagely at the box office.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஸ்ரீதர் |first=டைரக்டர் |author-link=C. V. Sridhar |date=30 August 1992 |title=ஜெயகிஷன் மரணம்; ஒரு சோக கீதம் |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1992-08-30/kalki1992-08-30.pdf |access-date=29 November 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=56–58 |language=Tamil |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==

Lalitha loves Kannan, but he initially does not reciprocate.
Her friend, Meena belongs to a middle class family and loves her neighbour, Muthuraman who runs a chit fund. One day she discovers that he is a womaniser and drunkard. She breaks up with him and tears his letters.
Meena accidentally meets Kannan, who falls in love with her. How the three of them manage their complex relationship forms the rest of the story.

== Cast ==
;Male cast
*[[Gemini Ganesan]] as Kannan
*[[R. Muthuraman|Muthuraman]] as Gopal
*[[Major Sundarrajan|Sundarrajan]] as Parameswaran
*[[V. S. Raghavan]] as Sathyamoorthy

;Female cast
*[[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]] as Lalitha
*[[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]] as Meena
*[[Kumari Rukmani|Rukmani]] as Rajam

== Production ==
[[C. V. Sridhar|Sridhar]]'s directorial ''[[Dharti (1970 film)|Dharti]]'' failed at the box office, and his company [[Chithralaya]] suffered losses. To compensate for the losses, Sridhar decided to do two projects in same time: ''Avalukendru Or Manam'' and ''[[Uttharavindri Ulle Vaa]]''.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஸ்ரீதர் |first=டைரக்டர் |author-link=C. V. Sridhar |date=9 August 1992 |title=மோதிர கையால் ஒரு குட்டு! |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-08-09/page/n51/mode/2up? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231113135039/https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-08-09/page/n51/mode/2up? |archive-date=13 November 2023 |access-date=13 November 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=50–51 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> ''Avalukendru Or Manam'' was simultaneously made in Hindi as ''[[Duniya Kya Jaane]]''.<ref name="dinakaran" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri Kantha |first=Sachi |author-link=Sachi Sri Kantha |date=15 March 2021 |title=MGR Remembered – Part 60 {{!}} Tackling rivals Karunanidhi – Kamaraj and tending Sridhar |url=https://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-60/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328224953/https://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-60/ |archive-date=28 March 2021 |access-date=24 September 2021 |website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]]}}</ref> While choosing established actors in Tamil, Sridhar cast newcomers in Hindi to keep the budget lower,<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2019 |title=பத்திரிகையாளர் சுதாங்கனின் ‘நெஞ்சம் மறப்பதில்லை!’ – 72 |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/64944 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716112324/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/64944 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=16 July 2021 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta |location=Nellai}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஸ்ரீதர் |first=டைரக்டர் |author-link=C. V. Sridhar |date=16 August 1992 |title=எனக்கென்றும் ஓர் மனம் |trans-title=A mind of my own |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-08-16/page/n53/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230129164350/https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-08-16/page/n53/mode/2up |archive-date=29 January 2023 |access-date=24 September 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=52–53 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> though [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]] appeared in both versions.<ref name="dinakaran" />

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]], with lyrics by [[Kannadasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Avalukkendru Oru Manam Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by M S Viswanathan |url=https://mossymart.com/product/avalukkendru-oru-manam-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924052846/https://mossymart.com/product/avalukkendru-oru-manam-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |archive-date=24 September 2021 |access-date=24 September 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Avalukkendru Oru Manam (1971) |url=http://www.musicindiaonline.com/music/tamil/s/movie_name.4210/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707175436/http://www.musicindiaonline.com/music/tamil/s/movie_name.4210/ |archive-date=7 July 2009 |access-date=12 June 2009 |website=Music India Online}}</ref> [[Ilaiyaraaja]], who was Viswanathan's assistant at that time played the organ for the song "Malar Edhu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kolappan |first=B. |date=16 July 2015 |title=I owe it to MSV, says Ilayaraja |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/i-owe-it-to-msv-says-ilayaraja/article7427233.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831162324/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/i-owe-it-to-msv-says-ilayaraja/article7427233.ece |archive-date=31 August 2021 |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=‘இளையராஜா ஒரு இமயமலை’ – பாடகி பி.சுசீலா’ – ராஜா ராஜாதான் தொடர் – 03–02–2016 – தினமலர் |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/3105 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716112326/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/3105 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=16 July 2021 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta |location=Nellai}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Singer(s) !! Length
|-
|"Malar Edhu En Kangal"
|[[P. Susheela]]
|4:03
|-
|"Unnidathil Ennai Koduthaen"
|[[S. Janaki]]
|4:44
|-
|"Ayiram Ninaivu Ayiram Kanavu"
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|4:28
|-
|"Mangayaril Maharani"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
|4:14
|-
|"Deviyin Kovil Paravai Idu"
|S. Janaki
|3:30
|-
|"Ellorum Paarkka"
|[[L. R. Eswari]]
|4:14
|}

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="dinakaran">{{Cite web |date=28 October 2021 |title=உன்னிடத்தில் என்னை கொடுத்தேன்! |url=https://www.dinakaran.com/Ladies_Detail.asp?Nid=8161 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725055459/https://www.dinakaran.com/Ladies_Detail.asp?Nid=8161 |archive-date=25 July 2022 |access-date=16 December 2022 |website=[[Dinakaran]] |language=ta}}</ref>

</references>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|1431016}}

{{C. V. Sridhar}}

[[Category:1971 Indian films]]
[[Category:1971 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1971 films]]
[[Category:1971 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by C. V. Sridhar]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by C. V. Sridhar]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Thamizhavel G. Sarangapani

2026-03-02T02:04:39Z

Paradigmresume: Added a pg

{{no footnotes|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Thamizhavel Go. Sarangapani
| image =
| caption =
| birthname =
| birth_date = 20 April 1903
| birth_place = [[Thiruvarur]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1974|03|16|1903|04|20}}
| death_place = [[Singapore]]
| education =
| occupation = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[writer]], [[journalist]] and [[publisher]]
| alias = Ko.Sa
| title =
| family =
| spouse =
| domestic_partner =
| children =
| relatives =
| credits =
| agent = [[Tamil Murasu]]
| URL =
}}

'''Thamizhavel Go. Sarangapani''', ({{langx|ta|தமிழவேள் கோ. சாரங்கபாணி}}, 20 April 1903 – 16 March 1974) or ''Kosa'' as he was also known, a Tamil writer and publisher, was born in [[Thiruvarur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], on 20 April 1903. He received a good education and was effectively bi-lingual in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[English language|English]]. At 21, he went to [[Singapore]] to work as a bookkeeper, eventually becoming the manager at his firm.

Sarangapani was deeply influenced by [[Periyar|E. V. Ramasami]] (better known as Periyar) and his [[Self-Respect Movement]] in Tamil Nadu. He was committed to [[rationalism]] and the ideal of a modern, [[progressivism|progressive]] society. Sarangapani established direct contact with the Self-Respect Movement in India when he became the agent in [[British Malaya]] (then including Singapore) for the distribution of its magazine, ''[[Kudi Arasu]]''. These links were strengthened in 1929 and 1954, when he helped to arrange Periyar's visits to Singapore and Malaya to spread his message to local Tamils.

Sarangapani was also active as a Tamil writer and publisher in his own right. In 1929 he set up the magazine ''Munnetram'' (Progress), and in 1935 he launched ''[[Tamil Murasu]]'', which remains Singapore's only daily Tamil newspaper. He was also a founder of the Tamils Reform Association, and served as its Chairman and Secretary at various points. Through his publications and the Association, Sarangapani promoted the importance of education, as well as denouncing the [[Hindu caste system]], superstitions and [[alcoholism]].

Sarangapani was also a champion of the Tamil language in Singapore. He was part of campaigns to make Tamil one of the four [[Languages of Singapore|official languages of Singapore]], as well as having it taught in Singapore schools from the primary to tertiary level. He also helped set up the Department of Indian Studies at the [[University of Malaya]] in Singapore. Sarangapani also urged Tamils to embrace Singapore as their home. Former Singapore President [[Sellapan Ramanathan]] has noted that

{{blockquote|...In the early 1950s Thamizhavel Sarangapany helped many members of the Indian community to register themselves as citizens of this country. He personally collected and distributed the application forms to those who were permanent residents and those who were stateless. The Indians who are now living in prosperous Singapore must never forget his efforts in encouraging and securing citizenships for them.}}

In 1937, he married Lim Boon Neo, with whom he had six children (four sons and two daughters). When he died on 16 March 1974, tributes were paid to him in Tamil Nadu, the land of his birth, in [[Malaysia]] and in Singapore. In 2004, Sarangapani's birth centenary was marked in [[Chennai]], by tributes from leading Tamil poets, and a seminar on his life and achievements.

==References==
* http://tamilnation.co/hundredtamils/sarangapany.htm
https://roots.sg/learn/stories/g-sarangapany/story

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarangapani, Thamizhavel G.}}
[[Category:1903 births]]
[[Category:Singaporean people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Singaporean journalists]]
[[Category:Singaporean writers]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Singapore]]
[[Category:Singaporean Hindus]]
[[Category:Singaporean people of Tamil descent]]
[[Category:Tamil journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]

Potka

2026-03-01T09:09:28Z

Paradigmresume: Adding New Data!

{{short description|Village in Jharkhand}}
{{about|the village in Jharkhand|1 its namesake community development block|Potka block|2 its name sake assembly constituency|Potka (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Potka
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.6221|N|86.2133|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[East Singhbhum district|East Singhbhum]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1770
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages *
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Santali language|Santali]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 831002
| area_code_type = Telephone/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD code]]
| area_code = 0657
| registration_plate = JH 05
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 80.18%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamshedpur]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Potka (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Potka]]
| website = {{URL|jamshedpur.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Potka''' is a village in the [[Potka block|Potka]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in the [[Dhalbhum subdivision]] of the [[East Singhbhum district|East Singhum district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=350| height=420| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|22|35|0|N|86|25|0|E}}| float=right|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in East Singhbhum district in Kolhan Division''' (Locations around Jamshedpur are shown in the Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration map - see [[Bagbera Colony#Geography|Bagbera Colony]] page) M: municipality, R: rural/ urban centre, CT: census town, T: tourist centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

|mark-coord1={{coord|22|16|42|N|86|43|29|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1=Baharagora | numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Baharagora]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|30|58|N|86|33|15|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Dhalbhumgarh| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Dhalbhumgarh]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|57|4|N|86|17|43|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Boram| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Boram, Purvi Singhbhum]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|27|20|N|86|26|19|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Dumaria | numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Dumaria, Purvi Singhbhum]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|20|25|N|86|32|44|E}} | label-pos5=bottom|label5= Gurbandha | numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Gurbandha]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|37|19|N|86|9|30|E}} | label-pos6=top|label6= Hata| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Hata, Purvi Singhbhum]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|28|0|N|86|35|11|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Kokpara| numbered7=R| mark-title7=[[Kokpara]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|40|0|N|86|24|58|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Mahulia| numbered8=R| mark-title8=[[Mahulia]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|54|54|N|86|23|8|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Patamda| numbered9=R| mark-title9=[[Patamda]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|37|19|N|86|12|47|E}} | label-pos10= right|label10= Potka| numbered10=R| mark-title10=Potka (R)|shape-color10=black| label-size10=13|label-color10=black 
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|47|33|N|86|11|3|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11=Jamshedpur| numbered11=M| mark-title11= [[Jamshedpur]] (M) |label-color11=#800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|28|48|N|86|43|12|E}} | label-pos12=bottom|label12=Chakuliya| numbered12=M| mark-title12= [[Chakuliya]] (M) |label-color12=#800000
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|38|33|N|86|29|28|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Burudi| numbered13=T| mark-title13=[[Burudi]] (T) |shape-color13= #74C365
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|38|47|N|86|24|16|E}} | label-pos14=bottom|label14= Galudih | numbered14=T| mark-title14=[[Galudih]] (T) |shape-color14= #74C365
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|35|16|N|86|28|27|E}} | label-pos15=bottom|label15= Ghatshila| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[Ghatshila]] (CT) |shape-color15= #A40000
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|36|36|N|86|8|18|E}} | label-pos16=bottom|label16=Haludpukur| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Haludpukur]] (CT) |shape-color16= #A40000
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|39|40|N|86|21|36|E}} | label-pos17= top|label17=Jadugora| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=[[Jadugora]] (CT) |shape-color17= #A40000
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|30|22|N|86|27|13|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18=Musabani| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Musabani]] (CT) |shape-color18= #A40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|21|40|N|86|36|20|E}} |label19= Subarnarekha |labela19= River |label-color19 = #77A1CB| label-angle19= 65| label-pos19=top| label-size19=10| mark-size19=0| mark-title19 =none
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|41|0|N|86|6|20|E}} |label20= Kharkhai |labela20= River |label-color20 = #77A1CB| label-angle20= -55| label-pos20=top| label-size20=10| mark-size20=0| mark-title20 =none
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|54|0|N|86|12|0|E}} | label-pos21= top|label21= Dalma |labela21= Wildlife|labelb21= Sanctuary | numbered21=T| mark-title21= [[Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary]] (T) |shape-color21= #74C365
|arc-coordA={{coord|23|1|0|N|86|30|0|E}}|arc-textA= WEST BENGAL| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA= 20| arc-gapA=4.5| arc-radiusA=0.4
|arc-coordB={{coord|22|16|0|N|86|15|0|E}}|arc-textB= ODISHA| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB= 0| arc-gapB=6.5| arc-radiusB=0.4}}

===Location===
Potka is located at {{coord|22.6221|N|86.2133|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
The area shown in the map "forms a part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]] and is a hilly upland tract". The main rivers draining the district are the [[Subarnarekha River|Subarnarekha]] and the [[Kharkai River|Kharkai]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2012_PART_A_DCHB_PURBI%20SINGHBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Purbi Singhbhum, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 7: Natural Divisions |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 December 2021}}</ref> The area lying between Jamshedpur and Ghatshila is the main industrial mining zone. The rest of the district is primarily agricultural. In the district, as of 2011, 56.9% of the population lives in the rural areas and a high 43.1% lives in the urban areas.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2012_PART_A_DCHB_PURBI%20SINGHBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Purbi Singhbhum, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 9: Industrialisation, Page 22: Census findings – Population and its Distribution |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 December 2021}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Civic administration==
There is a police station at Potka.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/east-singhbhum | title= District Police Profile – East Singhbhum |publisher= Jharkhand Police| access-date = 18 December 2021}}</ref>

The headquarters of Potka CD block is located at Potka village.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2012_PART_A_DCHB_PURBI%20SINGHBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Purbi Singhbhum, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 89: Map of Potka CD block |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 18 December 2021}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Potka had a total population of 1,770, of which 935 (53%) were males and 835 (47%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 246. The total number of literate persons in Potka was 1,222 (80.18% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2012_PART_B_DCHB_PURBI%20SINGHBHUM.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Purbi Singhbhum, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Location code: 363701, Pages 182-183: District primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 18 December 2021}}</ref>

(*For language details see [[Potka block#Language and religion]])

==Transport==
A short stretch of Hata-Musabani Road links Potka to [[Hata, Purvi Singhbhum|Hata]], where [[State Highway 6 (Jharkhand)|State Highway 6]] meets [[National Highway 220 (India)|National Highway 220]].<ref>Google maps</ref>

Haludpukur Railway Station on the [[Asansol-Tatanagar-Kharagpur line|Tatanagar-Badampahar branch line]] is located 8 km away.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-tatanagar-badampahar-demu-special-08131/3241/168/6982 | title = 0801 Tatanagar-Badampahar DEMU Special | work = Time Table | publisher = IndiaRailInfo | access-date = 20 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.jharkhand.org.in/potka | title = Potka, Jharkhand | publisher = Jharkhand.org | access-date = 20 December 2021}}</ref>

==Education==
[[Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya]] is a Hindi-medium girls only institution established in 2006. It has facilities for teaching from class VI to class XII. The school has a playground, a library with 603 books and has 5 computers for teaching and learning purposes.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/purbi-singhbhum/20180208310/k-g-b-v-potka.html | title = KGBV Potka| publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 18 December 2021}}</ref>

Project Girl's High School is a Hindi-medium girls only institution established in 1984. It has facilities for teaching in classes IX and X. Now Intermediate has been started in all streams. The school has a playground and a library with 224 books.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/purbi-singhbhum/20180208307/hs-project-balika.html | title = HS Project Balika| publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 18 December 2021}}</ref>

Middle School Potka is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established in 1953.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/purbi-singhbhum/20180208306/m-s-potka-p1.html | title = MS Potka| publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 18 December 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kolhan Division}}

[[Category:Villages in East Singhbhum district]]

Pagra Bada

2026-02-28T03:54:25Z

Paradigmresume: Adding New Post!

{{Short description|Village in Panna district, Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Issues|
{{no footnotes|date=July 2025}}
{{Orphan|date=February 2026}}
}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pagra Bada
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Bihariji_mandir.jpg
| image_caption = Bihari Ji Mandir in Pagra Bada
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.3523223|80.0011211|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = Madhya Pradesh
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Panna
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = Amanganj
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 13.49
| population_total = 2470
| population_as_of = 2011
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Hindi
| timezone1 = IST
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| registration_plate = MP-35
}}

'''Pagra Bada''' is a village located in the Amanganj tehsil of Panna district, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is part of a gram panchayat that includes three villages: Pagra Bada, Judi, and Madaiyan.

== Administration ==
* '''Sarpanch''': Shrimati Deepa Ahirwar
* '''Secretary (Sahayak Sachiv)''': Vishnu Pandey
* '''Rojgar Sahayak''': Virendra Patel

== Geography ==
Pagra Bada lies on a district highway that connects Amanganj to Damoh.area of village is around 1349 hectares The village is surrounded by farmland and features the Pagra Talab, a significant local pond used for irrigation and tourism.

[[File:Pagra Satellite image.jpg|thumb|none|Satellite view of Pagra Bada]]

== Demographics ==
According to the 2011 Census of India:
* '''Total Population''': 2,470
* '''Males''': 1,283
* '''Females''': 1,187
* '''Children (0–6 years)''': 375
* '''Sex Ratio''': 925 females per 1000 males
* '''Literacy Rate''': 65.23%
** Male Literacy: 76.78%
** Female Literacy: 52.15%
* '''Scheduled Castes (SC)''': 307
* '''Scheduled Tribes (ST)''': 0
* '''Households''': 310
* '''Official Language''': Hindi
<ref>{{cite web |title=Census 2011 – Pagra Bada |url=https://census2011.co.in/data/village/459098-pagra-bada-madhya-pradesh.html |publisher=Census of India |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref>
== Infrastructure ==
The village has two petrol pumps.
[[File:Panchayat bhawan.jpg|thumb|none|Panchayat Bhawan]]

It also has a panchayat office.
[[File:Higher secondary school pagra.jpg|thumb|none|Higher Secondary School]]

A higher secondary school hosts educational and cultural events.
[[File:Aanand utsav inschool.jpg|thumb|none|Anand Utsav celebration at school]]

There is also a public toilet facility.
[[File:Public toilets.jpg|thumb|none|Public toilets in Pagra Bada]]

A fair-price ration shop is also available.
[[File:Ucit mulya dukan.jpg|thumb|none|Fair-price ration shop]]

== Transport and Electricity ==
Pagra Bada has two local bus stands and is connected via bus services to nearby towns such as Panna, Satna, Damoh, Sagar, Bhopal, and Indore. The village has a basic electricity distribution network available for both regular and commercial use. Mobile networks like Jio and Airtel are also accessible.{{fact|date=August 2025}}

== Economy ==
The primary occupation of the villagers is agriculture. Major crops include wheat, gram (chana), mustard, and paddy (rice), depending on the season. The village also has mango and jamun orchards, along with a local dairy.{{fact|date=August 2025}}
[[File:Aam ka pedh.jpg|thumb|none|Mango tree in Pagra Bada]]
[[File:Aam ka bageecha.jpg|thumb|none|Mango orchard in Pagra Bada]]

Every Tuesday, people from the village go to the Amanganj market to sell or purchase goods.{{fact|date=August 2025}}

== Tourism and Culture ==
Tourist and religious places include:
* '''Pagra Talab''' – a picturesque pond especially beautiful during sunset.
[[File:Pagra talab beautiful.jpg|thumb|none|Pagra Talab during sunset]]
[[File:Pagra talab view.jpg|thumb|none|View of Pagra Talab]]
[[File:Pagra talab beautyfulview.jpg|thumb|none|Scenic view of Pagra Talab]]
[[File:Pagra talab beautyful view.jpg|thumb|none|Landscape around the Talab]]

* '''Temples''' – Hanuman Mandir and Bihari Ji (Krishna) Mandir
[[File:Hanuman mandir pagra.jpg|thumb|none|Hanuman Mandir in Pagra Bada]]
Every Tuesday, devotional songs (bhajans) are sung at the Hanuman temple.
[[File:Bihariji mandir.jpg|thumb|none|Bihari Ji Mandir in Pagra Bada]]

== Local Cuisine ==
Local delicacies include:
* '''Aam Ka Panna''': A refreshing summer drink made from raw mangoes, flavored with cumin, black salt, and mint.
[[File:Aam panna pagra.jpg|thumb|none|Aam Panna – a local delicacy]]

* '''Gakkad Bharta''': Traditional wheat balls (gakkad) served with spiced mashed brinjal.
[[File:Gakkad bharta.jpg|thumb|none|Gakkad Bharta – a famous meal]]

== Challenges ==
Due to limited educational facilities in the village, many students go to nearby towns for higher studies. A seasonal stream flows near the village which overflows during the monsoon season.

== Nearby Areas ==
An industrial area named Puraina is located approximately 5 km from the village. It is one of the prominent industrial zones in Panna district.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://censusindia.gov.in Census of India, 2011]
* [https://panna.nic.in Official website of Panna district]
* [https://www.panchayatdarpan.gov.in Panchayat Darpan – Ministry of Panchayati Raj]
* [<ref>{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook – Panna (Part A), Village Directory |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/734/download/2584/DH_2011_2309_PART_A_DCHB_PANNA.pdf |publisher=Census of India |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref>]

[[Category:Villages in Panna district]]

Kevichüsa family

2026-02-27T07:00:30Z

Paradigmresume: Created Info

{{Short description|Naga family}}
{{Infobox family
|name = Kevichüsa
|native_name =
|other_names =
|coat_of_arms =
|coat_of_arms_caption =
|image =
|image_caption =
|parent_family = Meru
|region = [[Nagaland]]
|early_forms =
|etymology =
|origin = [[Khonoma]] {{small|([[Nagaland]], India)}}
|founded =
|founder = [[Kevichüsa Angami]]
|current_head =
|final_head =
|titles =
|members =
|connected_members =
|other_families =
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|footnotes =
}}
The '''Kevichüsa family''' is an [[Angami Naga]] family prominent in the fields of politics, entertainment, fashion design and business.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/veiled-sadness-in-slain-siblings-home-family-of-leaders-soldiers-on-despite-losing-two-members-to-militants-bullets/cid/847260|title=Veiled sadness in slain siblings' home - Family of leaders soldiers on despite losing two members to militants' bullets|date=8 January 2003|website=[[The Telegraph (India)]]|access-date=9 May 2022|last=Firoze|first=Jahansher}}</ref>

== Background ==
[[Kevichüsa Angami]] was born on 15 April 1903. He was the son of Nisier Meru, the first [[Christianity|Christian]] convert of Khonoma. Kevichüsa married Mannie Germanthangi in 1931. Together the couple had ten children: six daughters and four sons.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2129.htm|title=Fifth Lok Sabha Members Bio Profile|website=loksabhaph.nic.in|access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://morungexpress.com/r-kevichusa-large-hearted-courageous-gifted-officer|title=R Kevichusa: Large hearted, courageous & gifted officer|date=20 August 2022|website=[[The Morung Express]]|access-date=9 January 2023}}</ref> The descendants of Kevichüsa later adopted his name as their last name.

== People ==
* [[Kevichüsa Angami]] (1903–1990), Politician
* [[Andrea Kevichüsa]] (born 2001), Model and Actress
* [[Chalie Kevichüsa]] (1943–1992), Journalist
* [[Razhukhrielie Kevichüsa]] (1941–2022), Bureaucrat and Musician
* [[Tubu Kevichüsa]] (1948–1996), Nationalist Leader
* Bambi Kevichüsa, Fashion Designer
* Kethoser Kevichüsa, Author and Preacher
* [[Bano Haralu]], Journalist and Conservationist
* Kekhrievor Kevichüsa, Bureaucrat

== References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category: Kevichüsa family| ]]
[[Category:Naga families]]

Himayat Bagh

2026-02-24T07:53:22Z

Paradigmresume: fixed lead for accuracy and updated info for consistency

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{coord|19|54|11.78|N|75|20|15.39|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}
'''Himayat Bagh Biodiversity Heritage site''' is a 17th-century garden that now houses the Fruit Research Station and Nursery, which is a part of the [[Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth]]. It is located near [[Delhi Gate, Aurangabad|Delhi Gate]] in [[Rauza]] Bagh area of [[Aurangabad]], in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]]. It is a sprawling complex spread over {{convert|300|acre|km2}}, naturally green and in the olden days it was known as the Mughal Garden.<ref name="UpperCrust">[http://www.uppercrustindia.com/oldsite/19crust/nineteen/season9.htm UpperCrust.]</ref>

==Mughal era==
In [[Aurangzeb]]'s time, Khizri Talao extended the whole length of the northern wall, (extending from present day [[Salim Ali Lake]] till Begumpura / [[Bibi Ka Maqbara|Makbara]]) but the exhalation and dampness proved unhealthy and [[Aurangzeb]] ordered the portion immediately in front of his palace (Kila-e-Ark) to be filled in and converted into fields. This reclaimed portion was later developed into Mughal garden, (now known as Himayat Bagh) by one of the officials of Aurangzeb's court, with many fruit-bearing trees of different varieties for the royal court and its officials.<ref name="Aurangabad Gazette">
[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/gazFileShow.php?filePath=/data/gazetteer/2002/04/25/20020425102943_file35.htm&level=1&gazetteerSqlId=20020425102943&distId=19&gazId=20020422121541 Aurangabad gazetteer]</ref>
[[File:Himayat Bagh.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Himayat Bagh [[Aurangabad Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]]]

===Barra Darri===
Himayat Bagh also houses the Barra Darri which was erected by Ivaz Khan. A covered aqueduct passes over one of the buildings and in the olden day's water descended in a shower into an oblong cistern below containing several fountains.<ref name="Aurangabad Gazette"/>
A marvelous feat of engineering that involved an underground water chamber; it created a natural air-conditioning that cooled the entire area when in operation. It is now inoperative, but the system still exists and is worth a study.<ref name="UpperCrust"/>
Barra Darri now houses the office of Fruit Research Station.

==Present period==
The Himayat Bagh is a tourist attraction in itself because of its greenery and cool environment. Visitors can have a look at various plants and trees [[In the Nursery|in the nursery]], on which research is being conducted.

Visitors are able to buy plants that are grafted by experienced local ''malis'' (gardeners) in the gardens. There are saplings from tamarind to mango, and one can see the saplings and then see how the tree looks when it is fully grown. The underground drainage pipeline work being carried out by the municipal corporation has damaged the northern historical wall of this beautiful place. After cognisance taken by Sakal newspaper, the summer palace was emptied by VNK university. This palace is rare and is half underground. The water flowing on all sides of this octagonal palace keeps it at least 5 degrees cooler than the outer temperature. Earlier it was filled with scrap.<ref name="UpperCrust"/>

==See also==
*[[Salim Ali Lake]]
*[[Neher water system]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://mkv2.mah.nic.in/ Marathwada Agricultural University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091219143906/http://mkv2.mah.nic.in/ |date=19 December 2009 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aurangabad}}
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Aurangabad|Himayat Baugh]]
[[Category:Mughal gardens in India]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Maharashtra]]

State Intelligence Department

2026-02-22T10:05:17Z

Paradigmresume: Added info...

{{short description|India's internal intelligence agency}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname = State Intelligence Department
| nativename =
| commonname =
| abbreviation = SID
| logo = Director_General_of_Police.png
| logocaption = Rank Insignia of the Police Commissioner (Director General Rank)
| badge =
| badgecaption =
| flag =
| flagcaption =
| imagesize =
| motto =
| mottotranslated =
| formedyear =
| formedmonthday =
| preceding1 =
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| employees =
| volunteers =
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| country = India
| countryabbr =
| national =
| federal =
| international =
| divtype = State
| divname = Maharashtra
| divdab =
| subdivtype =
| subdivname =
| subdivdab =
| map =
| mapcaption =
| sizearea =
| sizepopulation =
| legaljuris =
| governingbody = [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| constitution1 =
| police =
| local =
| military =
| gendarmerie =
| oversighttype = Intelligence Agency
| oversightbody =
| headquarters = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]]
| hqlocmap =
| hqlocmappoptitle =
| sworntype =
| sworn =
| unsworntype =
| unsworn =
| multinational =
| electeetype =
| minister1name = [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
| minister1pfo = [[Chief Minister|Ministry of Home Affairs]]
| chief1name = Ashutosh K. Dumbre, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| chief1position = [[Police Commissioner]]
| parentagency = [[Maharashtra Police]]
| child1agency = [[Maharashtra Intelligence Academy]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-15|title=Maharashtra Intelligence Academy reopens with ISO certification|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/maharashtra-intelligence-academy-reopens-with-iso-certification-101623777967313.html|access-date=2021-06-17|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
| stationtype =
| stations =
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| website = http://mahapolice.gov.in/state-intelligence-department/
| footnotes =
| reference =
}}
The '''State Intelligence Department''' ('''SID''') is the [[intelligence agency]] of [[Maharashtra]]. The agency's primary function is gathering [[intelligence (information gathering)|intelligence]], counter-terrorism, [[Counter-proliferation]], and advising [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra policymakers]]. It is one of the oldest such organization in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=State Intelligence Department (SID) {{!}} Maharashtra State Police|url=http://mahapolice.gov.in/state-intelligence-department/|access-date=2021-06-17|website=mahapolice.gov.in}}</ref> It is headed by the Commissioner of Intelligence.

== History ==

The State Intelligence Department was established in 1905 during the [[British Raj|colonial rule in India]], originally known as the ''Criminal Investigation Department (CID) (Intelligence Wing)''. The establishment of the department was recommended by the Frazer Commission to enhance the intelligence capabilities of the state police.<ref name="mahapolice">{{cite web |title=State Intelligence Department (SID) |url=https://www.mahapolice.gov.in/state-intelligence-department/ |website=Maharashtra State Police |access-date=2024-07-09}}</ref>

Initially headquartered in Pune, the CID (Intelligence Wing) was tasked with gathering intelligence on political, security, communal, and labor activities, as well as any threats to law and order.<ref name="mahapolice" /> In 1981, the department underwent reorganization and was renamed the State Intelligence Department (SID).<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |title=What was State’s police intelligence wing doing: HC |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/What-was-State%E2%80%99s-police-intelligence-wing-doing-HC/article14249436.ece |work=The Hindu |date=2016-04-21 |access-date=2024-07-09}}</ref>

==Responsibilities==
Department deals with collection, collation, analysis and dissemination of information in on such as political, security, communal, labour activity, security concerns and matter affecting law and order.{{better source needed|date=February 2026}}

==Phone tapping==
Intelligence department came into mainstream news due to unauthorized phone tapping issue which led to resignation as well as transfers of several high level officials.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Phone tapping case: Mumbai police record statement of IPS officer Rashmi Shukla|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/may/25/phone-tapping-case-mumbai-police-record-statement-of-ips-officer-rashmi-shukla-2307327.html|access-date=2021-06-17|website=The New Indian Express|date=25 May 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-05|title=Explained: Who is Rashmi Shukla, the IPS officer summoned by Mumbai Police?|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/who-is-rashmi-shukla-summoned-by-mumbai-police-7291031/|access-date=2021-06-17|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Former DG Rashmi Shukla's letter reveals 'bribery for transfer' in Maharashtra {{!}} Exclusive|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/former-dg-rashmi-shukla-s-letter-reveals-bribery-for-transfer-in-maharashtra-exclusive-1782615-2021-03-23|access-date=2021-06-17|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-08|title=Maharashtra: Anil Deshmukh steps down, Dilip Walse Patil to be new home minister|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/anil-deshmukh-resigns-as-maharashtra-home-minister-7259662/|access-date=2021-06-17|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Research and Analysis Wing|R&AW]]
* [[National Investigation Agency (India)|National Investigation Agency]]
* [[Mass surveillance in India]]
* [[List of Indian intelligence agencies]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Maharashtra Police| ]]
[[Category:Indian intelligence agencies]]

{{law-enforcement-agency-stub}}

Haveri University

2026-02-20T05:04:16Z

Paradigmresume: Created New Stub

{{Short description|Public state university in Haveri}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Haveri University
| image =
| caption =
| coor =
| motto =
| mottoeng =
| established = {{start date and age|2022}}
| chancellor =
| vice_chancellor = Dr. Suresh. H. Jangamashetti<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vice Chancellor |url=https://hed.karnataka.gov.in/storage/pdf-files/ED202HAVERIURC2023.PDF |access-date=2 Jun 2023}}</ref>
| academic_staff =
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| city = [[Haveri]], [[Karnataka]]
| country = [[India]]
| type = [[Public university|Public]] [[research university]]
| campus =
| Colours =
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]]
| website = [https://huhk.karnataka.gov.in/]
}}
The '''Haveri University''' is a public state university located in [[Haveri]], Karnataka, India. The university was established in 2022 under The Karnataka State University (Amendment) Act, 2022.<ref name="ksu-act">{{cite web |title=THE KARNATAKA STATE UNIVERSITIES (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2022 |url=https://dpal.karnataka.gov.in/storage/pdf-files/26%20of%202022%20(E).pdf |access-date=2 July 2023}}</ref>

==History==
[[C. N. Ashwath Narayan|Chikkakalya Narayanappa Ashwathnarayan]], Minister of Higher Education, announced the establishment of Haveri University in August 2022.<ref name="indianexpress1">{{cite web |title=Karnataka announces establishment of eight new universities |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/karnataka-new-universities-8111934/ |website=www.indianexpress.com |access-date=2 July 2023 |location=Bengaluru |date=27 August 2022}}</ref> The Karnataka State University (Amendment) Bill-2022 was passed in the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Karnataka Assembly]] in September 2022.<ref name="timesofindia-indiatimes1">{{cite web |title=Bill passed, 8 new varsities to be established in Karnataka |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bill-passed-8-new-varsities-to-be-established-in-karnataka/articleshow/94361238.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=The Times of India |access-date=2 July 2023 |location=Bengaluru |date=22 September 2022}}</ref> The [[Karnataka Legislature|Karnataka legislature]] of the [[Karnataka|Karnataka state]] established Haveri University through the Karnataka State University (Amendment) Act, 2022. The first Vice-Chancellor was appointed in 2023.<ref name="The-Hindu1">{{cite web |title=Vice-Chancellors appointed for seven new universities |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/vice-chancellors-appointed-for-seven-new-universities/article66642722.ece |website=www.thehindu.com |publisher=The Hindu |access-date=2 July 2023 |location=Bengaluru |date=20 March 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Universities in Karnataka}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Universities in Karnataka]]
[[Category:2022 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2022]]

Gangavaram mandal

2026-02-05T17:58:12Z

Paradigmresume:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gangavaram mandal
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Polavaram district]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| official_name =
| area_total_km2 = 612.71
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
}}

'''Gangavaram mandal''' is one of the 12 mandals in [[Polavaram district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. As per census 2011,<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/4894-gangavaram-east-godavari-andhra-pradesh.html|website=census2011.co.in|title=Villages & Towns in Gangavaram Mandal of East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh}}</ref> there are 54 villages.

== Demographics ==
Gangavaram mandal has total population of 25,912 as per the Census 2011 out of which 12,393 are males while 13,519 are females and the Average Sex Ratio of Gangavaram Mandal is 1,091. The total literacy rate of Gangavaram Mandal is 53.06%. The male literacy rate is 49.33% and the female literacy rate is 44.9%.<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.co.in/subdistrict/gangavaram-mandal-east-godavari-andhra-pradesh-4894|title=Gangavaram Mandal Population, Religion, Caste East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh|website=Census India|access-date=4 April 2019|archive-date=4 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404200158/https://www.censusindia.co.in/subdistrict/gangavaram-mandal-east-godavari-andhra-pradesh-4894|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Towns and villages ==

=== Villages ===

#Amudalabanda
#B.Sivaramapatnam
#Barrimamidi
#Bayyanapalle
#Cheedipalem
#China Addapalle
#Chinagarlapadu
#Donelapalle
#Doramamidi
#E. Ramavaram
#[[Gangavaram, Konaseema district|Gangavaram]]
#Goragommi
#Jaggampalem
#Jiyyampalem
#Kamavarappadu
#Karakapadu
#Komaravaram
#Kondalampalem
#Kothada
#Kotharamavaram
#Kuramgondi
#Kusumarai
#Lakkonda
#Lakshmipuram
#Loddipalem
#Marripalem
#Mohanapuram
#Molleru
#Neelavaram
#Nellipudi
#Nuvvumamidi
#Ojubanda
#Padagarlapadu
#Pandrapottipalem
#Pandraprolu
#Patharamavaram
#Peda Addapalle
#Pidathamamidi
#Pothandorapalem
#Rajampalem
#Rajavaram
#Rajupetaloddi
#Ramuldevapuram
#Sarabhavaram
#Surampalem
#Ummetha
#Vemulova
#Vuyyalamadugu
#Yamanapalle
#Yellapuram
#Yendapalle
#Yerrampalem
#Yetipalle
#Zaderu

== See also ==
*[[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Polavaram district}}

[[Category:Mandals in Polavaram district]]
[[Category:Mandals in Andhra Pradesh]]

Mohanpur, Ludhiana

2026-01-29T16:51:11Z

Paradigmresume: Made Initial Entry Initial Version

{{For|other places with the same name|Mohanpur (disambiguation)}}
{{Refimprove|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mohanpur
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.729|N|76.148|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
| elevation_m = 230
| population_total = 1,574
| population_as_of = 2009
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 141401
| website = [http://www.mohanpur.in www.mohanpur.in]
}}

'''Mohanpur''' is a village in [[Khanna Tehsil]] of [[Ludhiana district]], located in the northern Indian state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. It is known for its historical roots, cultural diversity, and proximity to major urban centers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=16 May 2025}}</ref>

==History==
Mohanpur was established in the 18th century by Bhai Guddar Ji. The village is home to many families with the surname '''Bhandal'''. While the majority of residents follow [[Sikhism]], the village also includes [[Hinduism|Hindu]], [[Islam|Muslim]], and [[Christianity|Christian]] communities, reflecting its inclusive social fabric.

==Geography==
Mohanpur is situated:
* 38 km east of the district headquarters, [[Ludhiana]]
* 8 km from [[Khanna, Ludhiana|Khanna]]
* 68 km from the state capital, [[Chandigarh]]

==Transport==
'''By road:'''
The village is located near [[National Highway 1 (India)|National Highway 1]] (Delhi–Ludhiana), offering strong road connectivity. Regular private buses and tempo services operate between Khanna and nearby villages. Minivan taxis are also available for personal travel.

'''By rail:'''
Nearby railway stations include [[Khanna railway station|Khanna]] and [[Chawapall]]. The major rail hub, [[Ludhiana Junction railway station|Ludhiana Junction]], is approximately 40 km away.

'''By air:'''
The nearest airports are:
* [[Chandigarh Airport|Chandigarh Domestic Airport]]
* [[Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport]], Amritsar
* [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]], Delhi (for international travel)

==Demographics==
* Population (2011): 1,563
* Households: 328
* Sex Ratio: 937 females per 1,000 males (above state average)
* Village Code: 033204
* Area: 289 hectares
* Governing Body: Gram Panchayat, Mohanpur

==Education==
'''Schools in Mohanpur:'''
* Green Grove Public School (CBSE-affiliated)
* Government Primary School
* Khalsa Model School (Private)

'''Nearby Colleges:'''
* Mata Ganga Khalsa College for Women, Manji Sahib
* Gulzar Group of Institutes
* Sanjeevani Group of Institutes
* Kular College of Nursing
* A.S. College, Khanna

==Culture==
Mohanpur celebrates major Punjabi festivals such as [[Vaisakhi]], [[Gurpurab]], and [[Diwali]] with enthusiasm. The village has several [[Gurdwara]]s, temples, and community centers that foster unity and cultural pride.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.mohanpur.in Official website of Mohanpur]
* [https://earth.google.com/web/search/Mohanpur,+Punjab,+India/@30.729,76.148,1000a,35d,35y,0h,0t,0r Mohanpur on Google Earth]

{{Ludhiana district}}
[[Category:Villages in Ludhiana district]]

Samsi railway station

2026-01-22T16:30:21Z

Paradigmresume: minor cleanup article for clarity further and cleaned formatting as per guidelines

{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=January 2019}}
{{third-party|date=January 2019}}
}}
{{short description|Railway station in West Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Infobox station
| name = Samsi railway station
|type = [[Indian Railways]]
| style = Indian Railways
|address = [[Samsi, Malda]], [[West Bengal]]
|country = India
|coordinates = {{coord|25|27|6|N|88|01|02|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
|line = [[Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line]]
|parking = Available
| structure = [[Intersection_(road)#At_grade_railways|At grade]]
|platform = 2
|elevation = 30 m
|electrified =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = SM
| zone = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Katihar}}
}}
|map_type = India West Bengal#India
|map_caption = Location in West Bengal##Location in India
|map_dot_label =
}}

'''Samsi railway station''' is a station on the [[Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line]] in [[Malda district]] of [[West Bengal]], India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/samsi-sm-station|title=SAMSI (SM) railway station|publisher=NDTV Convergence Limited|access-date=27 December 2017}}</ref> It is situated in North East Frontier Zone in [[Katihar railway division]] of India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/samsi-sm/1938|title=SM/Samsi|access-date=January 19, 2018}}</ref>
==Trains==
Major Trains available from this railway station are as follows:
* [[Brahmaputra Mail|Delhi Junction - Kamakhya Brahmaputra Mail]]
*[[Padatik Express|New Alipuduar - Sealdah Padatik Express]]
* [[Sealdah–Silchar Kanchenjunga Express]]
* [[Sealdah–Agartala Kanchenjunga Express]]
* [[Teesta Torsha Express|Sealdah-New Alipurdiar Teesta Torsha Express]]
* [[Hate Bazare Express|Sealdah Saharsha Hate Bazare Express]]
*[[Hate Bazare Express (via Purnea)]]
* [[Sealdah - Jalpaiguri Road Humsafar Express]]
* [[Kolkata–Radhikapur Express]]
* [[Kolkata–Jogbani Express]]
* [[Howrah–Katihar Weekly Express|Howrah Katihar Express]]
* [[New Jalpaiguri -Malda Town Express]]
* [[Kulik Intercity Express|Howrah Radhikapur Kulik Express]]
* [[Balurghat–Siliguri Intercity Express|Siliguri-Balurghat Express]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Malda district]]

{{WestBengal-railstation-stub}}

Amir Hamza (Lashkar-e-Taiba)

2026-01-01T08:30:46Z

Paradigmresume: minor edit

{{Short description|Pakistani Islamic militant}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Amir Hamza
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1959|05|10}}
| birth_place = [[Sheikhupura]], [[Punjab, Pakistan]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| nationality = Pakistani
| known_for = Founding member of [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]
| allegiance = {{flagicon image|Flag of Lashkar-e-Taiba.svg}} [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lashkar-e-Taiba Splits Over Fund Crunch, Maulana Amir Hamza Forms New Group Jaish-e-Manqafa|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/lashkar-e-taiba-splits-over-fund-crunch-maulana-aamir-hamza-forms-new-terror-group-jaish-e-manqafa-2937988/|access-date=12 March 2018}}</ref> {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg|center|250px}} [[Afghan mujahideen]]{{small| (1979–1992)}}
| party = [[Milli Muslim League]]
| blank1 = Organisation
| data1 =
| occupation = [[Theologian|Theologist]], [[Ulama|alim]] and author<ref>[[Christine Fair]], ''In Their Own Words: Understanding Lashkar-e-Tayyaba'', Oxford University Press, 2018, p. 93</ref><ref>Samina Yasmin, ''Jihad and Dawah: Evolving Narratives of Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jamat Ud Dawah'', Oxford University Press (2017), pp. 270–271</ref>
| battles = [[Soviet-Afghan war]] [[Kashmir conflict]] [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]]
}}
'''Amir Hamza''' (born 10 May 1959) is a founding leader of the [[Islamist]], [[Salafi jihadism|Salaji jihadist]] militant group [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] based in Pakistan.He is regarded as its second most important leader, after [[Hafiz Saeed]].<ref name="USTreasury2012-08-30" /><ref name="Trib" /><ref name=":0">Arif Jamal, "Analyzing the Role of the Top LeT Ideologue: A Profile of Amir Hamza" in ''Militant Leadership Monitor'', Volume III, Issue 6 (June 2012), p. 6</ref> Hamza was designated as a [[terrorist]] by the [[United States Treasury]].<ref name="USTreasury2012-08-30" />

Described as "a fiery speaker and a prolific writer," he is also considered to be "the top LeT ideologue."<ref name=":0" /> Hamza is believed to sit on its Central Committee. He is said to have negotiated for the release of other leaders, and to have led LeT's campaigns for charitable donations, and to have been the founding editor of LeT's official publication ''Majallah al-Daawa''.<ref name=washingtonpost1999-03-07/><ref>{{citation |last=Yasmin |first=Samina |title=Jihad and Dawah: Evolving Narratives of Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jamat Ud Dawah |pages=51–52 |year=2017 |location=London |publisher=Hurst |isbn=9781849047104}}</ref>

In 2002 Hamza published ''Qafila Da'wat aur Shahadat'' (Caravan of Proselytizing and Martydom).<ref name=SecularIslam/>

In 2018, Hamza formed the ''Jaish-e-Manqafa'' as a fund-raising front for the LeT, due to a ban on the [[Jamat-ud-Dawa]] and [[Falah-e-Insaniat Foundation]] (other LeT fronts) by the Pakistani government, and continues to openly solicit for funds under that name in Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lashkar-e-Taiba Splits Over Fund Crunch, Maulana Amir Hamza Forms New Group Jaish-e-Manqafa |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/lashkar-e-taiba-splits-over-fund-crunch-maulana-aamir-hamza-forms-new-terror-group-jaish-e-manqafa-2937988/ |access-date= |website=[[India.com]]}}</ref>

==Books==
The head of LeT's publications division and the editor of many of its periodicals (like the monthly magazine ''Mujallah ad-Dawah''), he's the author of the following books, among others:<ref>[[Christine Fair]], ''In Their Own Words: Understanding Lashkar-e-Tayyaba'', Oxford University Press, 2018, p. 93</ref><ref>Samina Yasmin, ''Jihad and Dawah: Evolving Narratives of Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jamat Ud Dawah'', Oxford University Press (2017), pp. 270–271</ref>
*''Toor-e-Khan Se Koh-e-Qaaf Tak—Roos Ke Taaqub Mein'' (From [[Torkhum]] to the [[Caucasus]]—Hotly Pursuing Russia)
*''Shahrah-e-Bahisht'' (The Road to Paradise)
**[[C. Christine Fair|Fair, C. Christine]], and Safina Ustaad, "[[doi:10.1093/oso/9780198883937.003.0009|''Highway to Heaven'' by Amir Hamza]]", ''The Literature of Lashkar-e-Tayyaba: Deadly Lines of Control'' (translation, [[Oxford University Press]], 2023)
*''Afghanistan Ki Chuttiyo Par—Qafla Dawat o Jihad'' (On the Mountain Tops of Afghanistan—The Caravans of Call and Jihad).
*''Mainey Bible Se Pucha Qur’an Kyun Jaley ?'' (I Asked the Bible Why the Qurans were Set Alight)
*''Hindu Ka Hamdard'' (Hindu's Well Wisher)
*''Kashmiri Aurat Aur Amrika'' (Kashmiri Woman and America)
*''[[Ruhollah Khomeini|Khomeini]] Aur [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Kamal Ataturk]] Kay [[Iran]] Aur [[Turkey]] Mein Main Ney Kiya Dekha'' (What Did I See in Khomeini and Kemal Atatürk's Iran and Turkey?)
*''Mazhabi Wa Siyasi Bavay'' (Religious and Political Leaders)
*''Rawayyee Meray Hazoor Kay'' (My Prophet's Behaviour)
*''Seerat Kay Suchay Moti'' (Real Pearls of the Prophet's Character)

==References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=washingtonpost1999-03-07>{{cite news
|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/daily/march99/pakistan7.htm
|title = Muslim Militants Threaten American Lives
|work = Washington Post Foreign Service
|author1 = Kamran Khan
|author2 = Kenneth J. Cooper
|date = 1999-03-07
|page = A21
|location = [[Karachi]]
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160913103229/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/daily/march99/pakistan7.htm
|archivedate = 13 September 2016
|accessdate = 2019-08-09
|url-status = live
|quote = {{'}}We received donations from certain Arab individuals, but they don't want their names to be announced,{{'}} said Amir Hamza, editor of the group's monthly publication. {{'}}The brutal bombings don't kill the spirit of these great people.{{'}}
}}</ref>

<ref name=Trib>{{cite news
|url = https://tribune.com.pk/story/428574/us-designates-eight-lashkar-e-taiba-leaders-as-terrorists/
|title = US designates eight Lashkar-e-Taiba leaders as terrorists, places sanctions
|newspaper = The Express Tribune
|first = Huma
|last = Imtiaz
|date = 30 August 2012
|language = English
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180312151102/https://tribune.com.pk/story/428574/us-designates-eight-lashkar-e-taiba-leaders-as-terrorists/
|archivedate = 12 March 2018
|accessdate = 11 March 2018
|url-status = live
}}</ref>
<ref name=SecularIslam>{{cite news
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7spVa3VrnO0C&q=%22Amir+Hamza%22+OR+%22Amir+Hamze%22+Lashkar-e-Taiba&pg=PA104
|title = Secularizing Islamists
|publisher = [[University of Chicago Press]]
|author = Humeira Iqtidar
|date = 2011
|isbn = 9780226384689
|accessdate = 2016-01-24
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160130213258/https://books.google.ca/books?id=7spVa3VrnO0C&pg=PA104&lpg=PA104&dq=%22Amir+Hamza%22+OR+%22Amir+Hamze%22+Lashkar-e-Taiba&source=bl&ots=XUgJ23-S9y&sig=K_dVDB3J-4HTDpVcikEnrGWpRgw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRn6Wo7sLKAhXivIMKHVk8AvYQ6AEIZjAO#v=onepage&q=%22Amir%20Hamza%22%20OR%20%22Amir%20Hamze%22%20Lashkar-e-Taiba&f=false
|archive-date = 30 January 2016
|url-status = live
}}</ref>
<ref name=USTreasury2012-08-30>{{cite web
|url = https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/tg1694.aspx
|title = Treasury Designates Lashkar-E Tayyiba Leadership: Actions Target Eight Individuals Responsible for Military, Communication, and Financial Operations
|publisher = [[United States Treasury]]
|date = 2012-08-30
|location = Washington DC
|quote = As of 2011, Amir Hamza, a member of LET's central advisory committee, actively maintained LET's relationships with other groups under the direction of LET emir Hafiz Muhammad Saeed. Hamza has led an LET-associated charity and, as of 2010, was also an officer and member of an LET university trust that was led by Saeed.
|access-date = 24 January 2016
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160131031847/https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/tg1694.aspx
|archive-date = 31 January 2016
|url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamza, Amir}}
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lashkar-e-Taiba members]]
[[Category:Mujahideen members of the Soviet–Afghan War]]
[[Category:Leaders of jihadist groups]]
[[Category:Pakistani Islamists]]
[[Category:People from Sheikhupura]]
[[Category:Pakistani Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Pakistani theologians]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Pakistani writers]]

Nageshvara-Chennakeshava Temple complex, Mosale

2025-12-30T03:16:15Z

Paradigmresume: Made The Place Nd Citations

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Nagesvara and Cennakesava temples pair
| image = Twin Temples Nageshswara & Chenna Kesava Temple - Mosale.jpg
| alt = Two near-identical temples, one for Shiva, one for Vishnu
| coordinates = {{coord|12|54|06.0|N|76|08|31.7|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| map_type = India#India Karnataka
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| country = [[India]]
| district = [[Hassan District|Hassan]]
| locale = Mosale village
| deity = [[Shiva]], [[Vishnu]]
| architecture = [[Hoysala architecture|Hoysala]]
| year_completed = unknown, c. 1200 CE
| creator = unknown
}}
'''The Nageshvara-Chennakeshava temple complex''', sometimes referred to as the '''Nagesvara''' and '''Chennakesava''' temples of Mosale, is a pair of nearly identical Hindu temples in the village of Mosale near Hassan city, Karnataka, India. One for Shiva, other for Vishnu, this pair is a set of highly ornamented stone temples, illustrating the [[Hoysala architecture]]. These temples also include panels of artwork related to the goddess tradition of Hinduism (Shaktism) and Vedic deities. Another notable feature of these temples is the artwork in their ceilings, how the ''shilpins'' (artisans) integrated the historic pre-Hoysala architectural innovations from the Chalukya era. Further, the temples include north Indian [[Bhumija]] and south Indian [[Vesara]] aedicules on the outer walls above the panels.<ref name="elegent">Foekema (1996), pp81-82</ref><ref name=dhaky>{{cite book| author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India Text & Plates|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ | year=1996|publisher= American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn= 978-81-86526-00-2|pages = 374–375 }}</ref> It is unclear when this temple pair was built, but given the style and architectural innovations embedded therein, it was likely complete before 1250 CE.<ref name=dhaky/>

According to Dhaky – an architecture and history scholar, the interior of this temple pair is "gorgeously embellished" and the outer artwork is "handsomely decorated".<ref name=dhaky/> This temple complex is protected as a monument of national importance by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref name="protected">{{cite web |url=http://asibengalurucircle.in/nagesvara-and-chennakesava-temple-mosale|title=Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka - Bangalore, Bangalore Circle, Karnataka|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts|access-date=10 August 2012}}</ref>

==Location and date==
It is located in the village of Mosale, about {{Convert|10|km|mi|0}} south of [[Hassan, Karnataka|Hassan]] city, in [[Hassan district]] of Karnataka state, India.<ref name="elegent">Foekema (1996), pp81-82</ref> The two temples are in the same complex, in an idyllic rural setting, and they form a "perfect twin".<ref name="twin">Foekema (1996), p81</ref>

It is unclear when the temple was built, as the foundation stone is missing and other inscriptions do not provide any clues. The style suggests this pair is a pre-1250 CE temple.<ref name=dhaky/> According to Foekema, the temple was built in 1200 CE during the reign of Hoysala King [[Veera Ballala II]].<ref name="dvikuta">Foekema (1996), p82</ref><ref name="ballala">{{cite web|url=http://asibengalurucircle.in/nagesvara-and-chennakesava-temple-mosale|title=Nagesvara and Chennakesava temples|work=ASI Bengaluru Circle|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|access-date=9 August 2012}}</ref>

== Architecture ==
By plan, the temples are simple single-shrined structures with all the standard features of [[Hoysala architecture]]; a porch entrance into a square closed ''[[mantapa]]'' or ''navaranga'' (hall with no windows and a thick wall) leading to the sanctum, and a superstructure (''[[shikhara]]'') over the main shrine fitting the description of a ''ekakuta'' (single shrine with top). The sanctum (''[[garbhagriha]]'') is connected to the hall by a [[Vestibule (architecture)|vestibule]] called ''sukhanasi''. The closed hall, whose inner and outer walls are decorated, has four central lathe turned pillars that support a bay ceiling.<ref name="dvikuta"/><ref name="ballala"/><ref name="suka">Foekema (1996), p22</ref><ref name="keynote1">Kamath (2001), p134</ref><ref name="keynote2">Kamath (2001), p135</ref> The temples are constructed next to each other. The Nageshvara temple (''lit'', "Lord of snakes"), dedicated to the Hindu god [[Shiva]] is in the south. The Chennakeshava temple (''lit'', "beautiful Vishnu"), dedicated to the Hindu god [[Vishnu]], is to the north.<ref name="dvikuta">Foekema (1996), p82</ref><ref name="linga">Foekema (1996), pp19-20</ref><ref name="kuta">Foekema (1996), p25</ref>

{{panorama|image=Ornate bay ceiling in mantapa (hall) of Nageshvara temple at Mosale.JPG|height=150|caption=The notable ceiling artwork above the mantapa of the Nageshwar temple|align=left}}
{{panorama|image=Ornate bay ceiling in the Chennakeshava temple at Mosale.JPG|height=150|caption=The notable ceiling artwork above the mantapa of the in Chennakesava temple|align=left}}
The superstructure (tower or ''[[shikhara]]'') over each shrine is three tiered (''tritala arpita'') and ''[[vesara]]'' in style. It is intact, finely sculptured, and has a decorative low extension which is actually the tower over the vestibule (that connects the [[cella]] (sanctum) and the hall). The extension tower looks like the "nose" of the main superstructure and is also called ''sukhanasi''. The ''sukanasi'' structure holds the Hoysala crest that depicts a royal warrior stabbing a lion.<ref name="ballala"/><ref name="suka"/><ref name="keynote1"/> At the top of the superstructure of the shrine is a sculptured ''[[amalaka]]'', whose ground surface area can be 2 × 2 meters. It is the largest piece of sculpture in the temple. The ''amalaka'' supports a decorative water pot like structure called the ''[[kalasha]]'' which is the apex of the tower.<ref name="kalasa">Foekema (1996), p27</ref> All these features are intact in both temples.<ref name="dvikuta"/>

The decorative features found on the temple's outer wall (horizontal treatment) belong to the pre-Hoysala traditions. In this type of decorations, below the superstructure, an eaves that projects about half a meter runs all around the temple. Below the eaves are decorative Bhumija and Vesara miniature towers ([[aedicula]]) on [[pilaster]]s. The large wall images of [[deity|deities]] and their attendants are placed below these decorative towers. Some of these images are mutilated and damaged, but others are in reasonably preserved form to affirm their elegance and art. Some of the panel images at the Nageshvara temple have been signed by the artists on their pedestals.<ref name=dhaky/><ref name="dvikuta"/>

The panels found in the Nagesvara temple include those of Sridevi, [[Lakshmi]]devi, [[Parvati|Gauri]], Maheshvari (another name for [[Parvati]]), [[Brahma]], Sadashiva (form of [[Shiva]]), and [[Bhūmi|Bhumidevi]] (representation of mother earth).<ref name="mold">Foekema (1996), p28</ref>

The Channakeshava temple has sculptures of [[Garuda]] (the eagle), [[Keshava]] (a form of Vishnu), [[Janardana]], [[Venugopalaswamy|Venugopala]], Madhava (a form of [[Krishna]]), and [[Bhudevi]]. Below these images, the base of the wall comprises five different horizontal [[Molding (decorative)|molding]]s, one of which is a row of blocks.<ref name="dvikuta"/><ref name="ballala"/><ref name="keynote1"/>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Profile of panel relief sculpture in Chennakeshava temple at Mosale.JPG|Outer wall decoration
File:Nageshvara (near) and Chennakeshava (far) temples at Mosale.JPG|The twin temples of Mosale
File:Profile (frontal) of the Nageshvara (left) and Chennakeshava (right) temples at Mosale.JPG|Frontal view of twin temples, Nageshvara (far), Chennakeshava (near) at Mosale
File:A shrine inside the mantapa (hall) in the Chennakeshava temple at Mosale.JPG|A decorative shrine in the mantapa wall of Chennakeshava temple at Mosale
File:Nageshswara Temple , Mosale.jpg|Nageshvara Temple - Mosale
File:Chenna Kesava Temple , Mosale from the North Side View.jpg
File:Vesara tower of Chennakeshava temple at Mosale.JPG|''[[Vesara]]'' tower of the Chennakeshava temple, Mosale
File:Wall panel relief and sculpture in Chennakeshava temple at Mosale.JPG|Wall panel relief sculpture and ornamentation in Chennakeshava temple at Mosale
File:Yali sculpture in Chennakeshava temple at Mosale.JPG|Yali sculpture on wall of Chennakeshava temple at Mosale
File:Mantapa (hall) in Nageshvara temple at Mosale.JPG|Closed mantapa with lathe turned pillars facing sanctum in Nageshvara temple at Mosale
File:Kannada inscription (1577 AD) at Nageshvara and Chennakeshava temples in Mosale.jpg|Old Kannada inscription (1577 CE) of Belur Chief Venkatadri Nayaka at the twin temple complex at Mosale
File:North Side Corner View of Nageshswara & Chenna Kesava Temple- Mosale.jpg|North Side corner View of the twin temples at Mosale
File:Nageshswara & Chenna Kesava Temple - Mosale.jpg|Frontal view of the Nageshvara-Chennakeshava - twin Temples of Mosale
</gallery>

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
*Gerard Foekema, A Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples, Abhinav, 1996 {{ISBN|81-7017-345-0}}
*{{Cite book |last=Kamath |first=Suryanath U. |title=A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present |orig-year=1980 |year=2001 |publisher=Jupiter books |location=Bangalore |oclc=7796041 |lccn=80905179}}
*{{cite web|url=http://asibengalurucircle.org/hassan-13.html|title=Nagesvara and Chennakesava temples|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Nageshvara-Chennakeshava Temple complex}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121120002402/http://www.hassan.nic.in/htmls/tourist_information.htm Hassan District Tourism]

[[Category:12th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Hassan district]]

List of Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for Odia

2025-12-16T18:22:29Z

Paradigmresume: Made Some Article W/ Refs

{{Short description|Winners of a literary honour in India}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Awards}}
'''Bal Sahitya Puraskar''' is given each year to writers for their outstanding works in the 24 languages, since 2010.

== Recipients ==
Following is the list of recipients of [[Bal Sahitya Puraskar]] for their works written in [[Odia language|Odia]]. The award comprises a cash prize of [[Indian rupee|Rs]]. 50,000 and an engraved copper plaque.<ref name="the quint">{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal, Yuva Puraskar for 2018 |url=https://www.thequint.com/hotwire-text/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-yuva-puraskar-for-2018 |website=www.thequint.com |date=2018-06-22 |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Author
! Work
! Genre
! class="unsortable" |References
|-
| 2010 || Punyaprbha Devi || ''Kuni Goinda'' || Short Stories ||
|-
| 2011 || Maheswar Mohanty || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||
|-
| 2012 || Ram Prasad Mohanty || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||
|-
| 2013 || Nadiya Bihari Mohanty || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || || <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/October-December_2013_Newsletter.pdf |title=Fourth Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar for 2013 were presented to twenty four writers in Indian languages recognised by the Akademi in a grand function held on 15 November 2013 at Goa State Museum Auditorium, Panaji, Goa |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || [[Dash Benhur]] || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://incredibleorissa.com/dash-benhur-kendra-sahitya-akademi-award/|title=Dash Benhur - Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award for Bal Sahitya|work=IncredibleOrissa|accessdate=28 June 2023|date=23 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar November 2014, Awards Presentation Ceremony |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714091455/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || Snehalata Mohanty || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || || <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/sep-dec_2015_NewsLetter.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Newsletter|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=|archive-date=|page=4-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announced Bal Sahitya Puraskar for the year 2015 |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/sahitya-akademi-announced-bal-sahitya-puraskar-for-the-year-2015-1435216949-1 |website=www.jagranjosh.com |date=25 June 2015 |access-date=13 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || Batakrushna Ojha || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||
|-
| 2017 || Subhendra Mohan Srichandan Singh || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||
|-
| 2018 || Birendra Mohanty || ''Rumku Jhuma'' || Poetry || <ref name="the quint"/>
|-
| 2019 || Birendra Kumar Samantray || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||
|-
| 2020 || Ramachandra Nayak || ''Bana Deula Re Suna Neula'' || Stories ||
|-
| 2021 || Digaraj Brahma || ''Geeta Kahe Mitar Katha'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2022 || Narendra Prasad Das || ''Kolahala Na Halahala'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite news |title=मराठी भाषेसाठी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार |url=https://www.adda247.com/mr/jobs/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2022/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=www.adda247.com |date=3 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || Jugal Kishore Sarangi || ''Jejenka Gapa Ganthili'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || Manas Ranjan Samal || ''Gapa Kalika'' || Short Stories ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/article68293703.ece |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=www.thehindu.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/articleshow/111018778.cms |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/2132795/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=theprint.in |date=15 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|Rajkishore Padhi
|''Kete Phula Phutichhi''
|Poetry
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2025-06-19 |title=Three from Odisha to get Bal Sahitya and Yuva Puraskar |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2025/Jun/19/three-from-odisha-to-get-bal-sahitya-and-yuva-puraskar |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2138824 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=28 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi 2025: Yuva, Bal Sahitya Puraskar Winners Announced |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025-3591773 |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Sumit |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 Winners Announced |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2025-winners-announced-complete-list-of-24-award-recipients/ |access-date=28 October 2025 |agency=Adda 24x7 Current Affairs |date=19 June 2025}}</ref>
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Odia]]

== References ==
{{Portal|India|Literature}}

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/bal%20sahitya%20samman_suchi.jsp Bal Sahitya Puraskar-Sahitya Akademi India - Official Website]
[[Category:Indian literary awards]]
[[Category:Literary awards by language]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian award winners]]
[[Category:Bal Sahitya Puraskar by language]]

Lalbagh metro station

2025-12-09T23:21:08Z

Paradigmresume: enhance information also and cleaned formatting for consistency

{{Short description|Namma Metro's Green Line metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Lalbagh
| type = {{Namma Metro Infobox station line|line=Aqua|line2=Green}}
| other_name = Botanical Garden
| style = Namma Metro
| image = Lalbagh metro station, Bangalore (2025) 01.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Lalbagh metro station, January 2025
| address = Rashtreeya Vidyalaya Road, Basavanagudi, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560004
| coordinates = {{coord|12.946355|77.580050|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Namma Metro|Green|croute}} {{rcb|Namma Metro|Aqua|croute}}
| other =
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| platform = [[Side platform]] 
Platform-1 → {{stl|Namma Metro|Madavara}} Platform-2 → {{stl|Namma Metro|Silk Institute}}
| depth =
| levels = 2
| tracks = 2
| parking =
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened = {{start date and age|2017|June|18|df=yes}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 750 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[third rail]]
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| status = Staffed
| code = LBGH
| owned = [[Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd]] (BMRCL)
| operator = [[Namma Metro]]
| architect = [[Larsen & Toubro]]
| architectural_style =
| wifi =
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{adjacent stations|system=Namma Metro|line=Green |left=National College |right=South End Circle}}
| route_map = {{BMR Green Line}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Lalbagh''' is an elevated metro station on the North-South corridor of the [[Green Line (Namma Metro)|Green Line]] of [[Namma Metro]] serving the [[Basavanagudi]] area of [[Bengaluru]], India. It was opened to the public on 18 June 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/nagasandra-puttenahalli-metro-line-to-open-by-may-end-says-george/articleshow/58484491.cms |title=Nagasandra-Puttenahalli Metro line to open by May-end, says KJ George |newspaper=The Times of India |date=2017-05-03 |accessdate=2017-07-02}}</ref> It services [[Lalbagh Botanical Garden]].

== Station layout ==
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Lalbagh track layout
| title color = white
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|National College}}
*'''P1'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P2'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|South End Circle}}
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=30 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|'''Platform 2''' '''Southbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → {{stl|Namma Metro|Silk Institute}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Namma Metro|South End Circle}}
|-
|'''Platform 1''' '''Northbound'''
|Towards ← {{stl|Namma Metro|Madavara}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Namma Metro|National College}}
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[Bengaluru]]
*[[List of Namma Metro stations]]
*[[Transport in Karnataka]]
*[[List of metro systems]]
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
{{Clear}}
{{Portal bar|Bengaluru|Transport|Engineering}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Namma Metro}}
{{Wikivoyage|Bangalore}}
* [https://english.bmrc.co.in Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Official site)]
* [https://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.

{{Namma Metro|green line=yes}}

[[Category:Namma Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2015]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2017]]

{{Karnataka-railstation-stub}}

Mukesh Chadha (general)

2025-11-20T12:58:27Z

Paradigmresume: Made Some Article First Draft

{{Short description|Indian Army officer}}
{{infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Lieutenant General]]
| honorific_suffix = [[AVSM]]&ensp;[[Sena Medal|SM]]&ensp;[[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
| allegiance = {{IND}}
| branch = {{army|IND}}
| rank = [[File:Lieutenant General of the Indian Army.svg|25px]] [[Lieutenant General]]
| unit = [[Army Service Corps (India)|Army Service Corps]]
| commands =
| awards = [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] [[Sena Medal]] [[Vishisht Seva Medal]]
}}
'''Mukesh Chadha''' is a [[lieutenant general]] in the Indian Army, who is serving as the [[Director General]] Supplies and Transport. He also serves as [[Colonel commandant|Senior Colonel Commandant]] of the [[Army Service Corps (India)|Indian Army Service Corps]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lt Gen Mukesh Chadha visits forward areas |url=http://brighterkashmir.com//news/lt-gen-mukesh-chadha-visits-forward-areas |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=Brighter Kashmir}}</ref> He also served as Chief of Staff of the [[Central Command (India)|Central Command]], one of the major appointments of the army.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-27 |title=Lucknowites run for fitness: Lt Gen Mukesh Chadha, Anurag Kashyap and others flag off |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/lucknowites-run-for-fitness-lt-gen-mukesh-chadha-anurag-kashyap-and-others-flag-off-101730034266325.html |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-18 |title=Lt Gen Mukesh Chadha Reviews Remount Training School & Depot Hempur |url=https://www.ssbcrack.com/2025/02/lt-gen-mukesh-chadha-reviews-remount-training-school-depot-hempur.html |access-date=2025-11-17 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-05 |title=Army, TCOE sign pact to add to air delivery system |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/army-tcoe-sign-pact-to-add-to-air-delivery-system/articleshow/118718000.cms |access-date=2025-11-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He is a decorated officer of the army, who has been awarded the [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]], [[Sena Medal]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=President confers 30 PVSMs, 5 UYSMs & 57 AVSMs to Armed Forces, Indian Coast Guard & Border Roads Organisation personnel |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=2133924}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chadha, Mukesh}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian lieutenant generals]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sena Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Vishisht Seva Medal]]

Indirasagar Dam

2025-11-20T12:17:06Z

Paradigmresume: rework page per standard format and updated info

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox dam
| name = Indira Sagar Dam
| image = Indira_sagar_dam_0003.jpg
| image_caption =
| name_official =
| location = [[Narmada Nagar]] Village, [[Punasa|Punasa Tehsil]], [[Khandwa district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|22|17|02|N|76|28|17|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| status = Operational
| construction_began = 23 October 1984
| opening = 31 May 2005
| owner = [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]]
| operator = Narmada Hydroelectric Development Corporation (NHDC) (Joint Venture of [[NHPC]] and [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]])
| dam_type = Concrete [[Gravity dam]] with a slightly curved alignment
| dam_crosses = [[Narmada River]]
| dam_length = {{Convert|653|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| dam_height = {{Convert|92|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| dam_width_base =
| spillway_count = 20 (Chute spillway (auxiliary) – 8 : 20 m x 17 m, Main (service) Spillway – 12 : 20 m x 17 m)
| spillway_type = Ogee
| spillway_capacity = {{convert|83,400|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| res_name = Indira Sagar Reservoir
| res_capacity_total = {{convert|12.220|km3|acre.ft|lk=out|abbr=on}} (432 [[Tmcft]])
| res_capacity_active = {{convert|9.750|km3|acre.ft|lk=out|abbr=on}} (344.37 tmcft)
| res_capacity_inactive = {{convert|2.470|km3|acre.ft|lk=out|abbr=on}}
| res_catchment = {{convert|61,642|km2|abbr=on}}
| res_surface = {{convert|913.48|km2|abbr=on}}
| res_max_length =
| res_max_width =
| res_max_depth =
| res_elevation =
| res_tidal_range =
| plant_operator = NHDC
| plant_decommission =
| plant_type =
| plant_turbines = Dam: 8 × 125 [[megawatt|MW]] [[Francis pump-turbine]] Canal: 15 MW [[Kaplan-type]]
| plant_capacity = 1,000 MW
| plant_annual_gen = 2,700 GWh annually (9.7PJ)
| website = {{URL|1=https://nhdcindia.com/Site/frmProjectDetails.aspx?PID=1/}}
| extra =
}}

The '''Indira Sagar Dam''' is the largest dam in [[India]], in terms of volume of water stored in the reservoir. It is located on the [[Narmada River]] at the town of [[Narmada Nagar]], [[Punasa]] in the [[Khandwa district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] in [[India]]. The foundation stone of the project was laid by the [[prime minister of India]] [[Indira Gandhi]] on 23 October 1984. The construction of the main dam started in 1992. The downstream projects of ISP are [[Omkareshwar]], [[Maheshwar]], and [[Sardar Sarovar Project]]. To build it, a town of 22,000 people and 100 villages were displaced.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2003/11/09/stories/2003110900040400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040122070332/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2003/11/09/stories/2003110900040400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2004-01-22|website=[[The Hindu]]|title=Development or displacement?|access-date=2019-07-08}}</ref>

The Project involved construction of a 92 m high and 653 m long concrete [[gravity]] [[dam]]. It provides [[irrigation]] to 1,230 square kilometres of land with annual production of 2.7 billion units in the districts of [[Khandwa district|Khandwa]] and [[Khargone district|Khargone]] in Madhya Pradesh, and power generation of 1,000 MW (8x125 MW) installed capacity. In terms of storage of water, it is the largest reservoir in India, with capacity of 12.22 billion cu m or 12.2 km3, followed by [[Rihand Dam]], Uttar Pradesh then [[Nagarjuna Sagar Dam|Nagarjuna Sagar]] between [[Telangana]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The dam was built as a joint venture between Madhya Pradesh irrigation and [[National Hydroelectric Power Corporation]]. It was commissioned in May 2005.<ref>[http://www.nhpcindia.com/Projects/English/Scripts/Prj_Features.aspx?Vid=15 NHPC Limited: Indira Sagar Power Station]</ref>

== Indira Sagar Project ==
{{More citations needed|date=October 2018}}
River [[Narmada]], the fifth largest river in India, with a river flow length of 1,312 km, originates from Amarkantak in Anuppur district of Madhya Pradesh. Narmada flows southwestward and after passing through Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and a small stretch in Maharashtra, it drains into the Arabian Sea near the Gulf of Khambhat. Indira Sagar Project (ISP) situated on River Narmada, 12 km from Punasa in Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh, has been commissioned on 31 March 2005.

Indira Sagar Project is a multipurpose Project with an installed capacity of 1,000 MW, with annual energy generation of 2,698 million units in Stage I, 1,850 million units in Stage II, and 1,515 million units in Stage III, and annual irrigation of 2.65 Lac. Ha on a Culturable Command Area (CCA) of 1.23 Lac. Ha. Total [[Drainage basin|catchment area]] at the dam site is 61,642 km2. The regulated discharge from Indira Sagar Dam under mother Indira Sagar Projectwill enable Power generation at downstream projects of Omkareshwar and Maheshwar projects and irrigation from the Omkareshwar project and will also provide supplies to the Sardar Sarovar Project as directed by the Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indira Sagar /Narmada Sagar Project Major Irrigation Project JI00836 |url=https://indiawris.gov.in/wiki/doku.php?id=indira_sagar_narmada_sagar_project_major_irrigation_project_ji00836 |website=India-WRIS}}</ref> This project on [[Narmada River#Narmada basin|Narmada Basin]] with the largest reservoir in India, having 12.22 b m3 storage capacity. All the eight units commissioned by March 2005 ahead of schedule while generation from first unit was started from January 2004. The powerhouse is the second-largest surface powerhouse in India.

== See also ==
{{stack|{{Portal|Water|Renewable energy}}}}
* [[List of power stations in India]]
* [[Nagarjuna Sagar]]
* [[Tehri Dam]]
* [[Hirakud Dam]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.nhpcindia.com/Projects/English/Scripts/Prj_Introduction.aspx?Vid=15 Indira Sagar Power Station at NHPC India]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110718215859/http://www.narmada.org/nvdp.dams/indira-sagar/Indirasagarfacts.pdf Indira Sagar Dam]
*[http://www.narmada.org/nvdp.dams/indira-sagar/index.html News related to Indira Sagar Dam]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110721165130/http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf National Register of Large Dams (2009)]

{{Hydrography of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Power Plants of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Narmada basin}}
{{Narmada River dams}}

[[Category:Dams in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Khandwa district]]
[[Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Dams on the Narmada River]]
[[Category:Dams completed in 2005]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Bharatpedia:WikiProject India/Women and gender task force

2025-10-03T09:58:49Z

Paradigmresume: Added details...

{{Short description|Sub-project of WikiProject India}}
{{WikiProject status|inactive}}
<div style="background-color:white;border:1px solid black;padding:0.5em">

The aim of this task force of WikiProject India is to standardize and improve articles related to [[Women in India]] and gender issues in India, as well as to create missing articles.

==Scope==
The scope of this project include the following :

*Articles about Indian women, in general and particular
*Articles about gender issues in India
*Articles having a bearing on this topic though not directly

== Lineage ==

;Parent:
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject India|WikiProject India]]

;Related
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Gender Studies|Gender Studies]]
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Women%27s_History|Women's History]]

==Members==
;Volunteer coordinator - <please volunteer>

;Task Force Members
# [[User:AshLin]]
# [[User:Rsrikanth05]]
# [[User:Rohini]]
# [[User:Nicke.me]]
# [[User:Titodutta]]
# [[User:jayantanth]]
# [[User: Advjuvairianv]]
# [[User:Kautilya3]]
# [[User:Japleenpasricha]]
# [[User:Vis M]]
# [[User:Panchalidraupadi]]

==Templates==
===Talk page template===
Place this WikiProject notice '''<nowiki>{{WikiProject India|gender=yes}}</nowiki>''' at the top of an article's Talk page to direct editors to the Task Force on Women and Gender Issues of Wikiproject India for guidelines. It will produce:

{{WikiProject India|gender=yes|category=no}}

===Stub template===

The following stub-template will be suggested once we have 60 stub articles on this issue.(Ref:[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals#Proposing new stub types - procedure]])

<div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;"><tr ><td >[[Image:Flag of India.svg|30px| ]]</td ><td >'' This article about [[India]]n women is a [[Wikipedia:Perfect stub article|stub]]. See the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject India|WikiProject India]] for article coordination. You can [[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|help]] Wikipedia by expanding it''.</td ></tr ></table ></div >



==Tools==
:''Main tool page: [[tools:~dispenser/view/Tools|toolserver.org]]''
*[[tools:~dispenser/view/Reflinks|Reflinks]] - Edits bare references - adds title/dates etc. to bare references
*[[tools:~dispenser/view/Checklinks|Checklinks]] - Edit and repair external links
*[[tools:~dispenser/view/Dab_solver|Dab solver]] - Quickly resolve ambiguous links.
*[[tools:~dispenser/view/Peer_reviewer|Peer reviewer]] - Provides hints and suggestion to improving articles.

{{Wikipedia policies and guidelines|state=collapsed}}
{{WikiProject Footer}}
</div>

[[Category:WikiProject Indian women and gender issues| ]]
[[Category:India-related WikiProjects|Women and gender issues]]

Nelumbo

2025-09-29T04:44:43Z

Paradigmresume: Updated formatting and sections

{{Short description|Genus of aquatic flowering plants known as "lotus."}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Albian|recent|[[Albian]] to present<ref name="Li-2014"/>}}
| image = Nelumno nucifera open flower - botanic garden adelaide2.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Nelumbo nucifera]]'' (sacred lotus)
| image2 = American Lotus (Nelumbo lutea) 01.jpg
| image2_caption = ''[[Nelumbo lutea]]'' (American lotus)
| taxon = Nelumbo
| authority = [[Michel Adanson|Adans.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = *''[[Nelumbo lutea]]''
*''[[Nelumbo nucifera]]''
*†''[[Nelumbo aureavallis]]''
*†''[[Nelumbo changchangensis]]''
*†''[[Nelumbo minima]]''
*†''[[Nelumbo nipponica]]''
*†''[[Nelumbo orientalis]]''
*†''[[Nelumbo protolutea]]''
* 30+ more from fossil remains
}}

'''''Nelumbo''''' {{IPAc-en|n|ɪ|ˈ|l|ʌ|m|b|oʊ}}<ref>{{Cite OED|nelumbo}}</ref> is a [[genus]] of [[aquatic plant]]s with large, showy [[flower]]s. Members are commonly called '''lotus''', though the name is also applied to [[List of plants known as lotus|various other plants and plant groups]], including the unrelated genus ''[[Lotus (genus)|Lotus]]''. Members outwardly resemble those in the family [[Nymphaeaceae]] ("water lilies"), but ''Nelumbo'' is actually very distant from that family.

''Nelumbo'' is an ancient genus, with dozens of species known from fossil remains since the [[Early Cretaceous]]. However, there are only two known living species of lotus. One is the better-known ''[[Nelumbo nucifera]]'', which is native to [[East Asia]], [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], and probably [[Australia]] and is commonly cultivated for consumption and use in [[traditional Chinese medicine]]. The other lotus is ''[[Nelumbo lutea]]'', which is [[Native species|native]] to [[North America]] and the [[Caribbean]]. Horticultural hybrids have been produced between these two [[allopatric speciation|allopatric species]].

== Description ==

===Ultrahydrophobicity===
[[File:Nelumbo nucifera (Indian Lotus)- water drops W IMG 8657.jpg|thumb|left|Foliage of ''[[Nelumbo nucifera|N.&nbsp;nucifera]]'': an example of the [[lotus effect]] after rain]]

The [[leaves]] of ''Nelumbo'' are highly water-repellent (i.e. they exhibit [[ultrahydrophobicity]]) and have given the name to what is called the [[lotus effect]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Darmanin |first1=Thierry |last2=Guittard |first2=Frédéric |name-list-style=vanc |date=1 June 2015 |title=Superhydrophobic and superoleophobic properties in nature |journal=Materials Today |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=273–285 |doi=10.1016/j.mattod.2015.01.001 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ultrahydrophobicity involves two criteria: a very high water contact angle between the droplet of water and the leaf surface, and a very low roll-off angle.<ref name="Marmur_2004">{{Cite journal |last=Marmur |first=Abraham |name-list-style=vanc |date=2004-04-01 |title=The Lotus Effect: Superhydrophobicity and Metastability |journal=Langmuir |volume=20 |issue=9 |pages=3517–3519 |doi=10.1021/la036369u |pmid=15875376}}</ref> This means that the water must contact the leaf surface at exactly one, minuscule point, and any manipulation of the leaf by changing its angle will result in the water droplet rolling off of the leaf.<ref name="Marmur_2004" /> Ultrahydrophobicity is conferred by the usually dense layer of papillae on the surface of the ''Nelumbo'' leaves, and the small, robust, waxy tubules that protrude off each papilla.<ref name="Zhang_2012">{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Youfa |last2=Wu |first2=Hao |last3=Yu |first3=Xinquan |last4=Chen |first4=Feng |last5=Wu |first5=Jie |name-list-style=vanc |date=March 2012 |title=Microscopic Observations of the Lotus Leaf for Explaining the Outstanding Mechanical Properties |journal=Journal of Bionic Engineering |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=84–90 |doi=10.1016/S1672-6529(11)60100-5|s2cid=137076244 }}</ref> This helps reduce the area of contact between the water droplet and the leaf.<ref name="Zhang_2012" />

Ultrahydrophobicity is said to confer a very important [[evolution]]ary advantage. As an aquatic plant with leaves that rest on the water's surface, the genus ''Nelumbo'' is characterized by its concentration of [[stoma]]ta on the upper [[Epidermis (botany)|epidermis]] of its leaves, unlike most other plants which concentrate their stomata on the lower [[Epidermis (botany)|epidermis]], underneath the leaf.<ref name="Zhang_2012" /> The collection of water on the upper epidermis, whether that be by rain, mist, or the nearby disturbance of water, is very detrimental to the leaf's ability to perform gas exchange through its stomata. Thus, ''Nelumbo's'' ultrahydrophobicity allows the water droplets to accumulate together very quickly, and then roll off of the leaf very easily at the slightest disturbance of the leaf, a process which allows its stomata to function normally without restriction due to blockage by water droplets.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ensikat HJ, Ditsche-Kuru P, Neinhuis C, Barthlott W |date=2011-03-10 |title=Superhydrophobicity in perfection: the outstanding properties of the lotus leaf |journal=Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology |volume=2 |pages=152–61 |doi=10.3762/bjnano.2.19 |pmc=3148040 |pmid=21977427}}</ref>

===Thermoregulation===
An uncommon property of the genus ''Nelumbo'' is that it can [[Thermoregulation#In plants|generate heat]],<ref name="Watling_2006">{{cite journal |vauthors=Watling JR, Robinson SA, Seymour RS |date=April 2006 |title=Contribution of the alternative pathway to respiration during thermogenesis in flowers of the sacred lotus |journal=Plant Physiology |volume=140 |issue=4 |pages=1367–73 |doi=10.1104/pp.105.075523 |pmc=1435819 |pmid=16461386}}</ref> which it does by using the alternative oxidase pathway (AOX).<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Seymour RS, Schultze-Motel P, Lamprecht I |date=1 July 1998 |title=Heat production by sacred lotus flowers depends on ambient temperature, not light cycle |journal=Journal of Experimental Botany |volume=49 |issue=324 |pages=1213–1217 |doi=10.1093/jxb/49.324.1213 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Grant_2010">{{Cite journal |last1=Grant |first1=Nicole M. |last2=Miller |first2=Rebecca A. |last3=Watling |first3=Jennifer R. |last4=Robinson |first4=Sharon A. |name-list-style=vanc |date=2010-11-12 |title=Distribution of thermogenic activity in floral tissues of Nelumbo nucifera |journal=Functional Plant Biology |volume=37 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1095 |doi=10.1071/FP10024 |issn=1445-4416|url=https://ro.uow.edu.au/scipapers/5155 }}</ref> This pathway involves a different, alternative exchange of [[electron]]s from the usual pathway that electrons follow when generating energy in [[Mitochondrion|mitochondria]], known as the AOX, or alternative oxidase pathway.

The typical pathway in plant mitochondria involves [[cytochrome]] complexes. The pathway used to generate heat in ''Nelumbo'' involves [[cyanide]]-resistant alternative oxidase, which is a different electron acceptor than the usual cytochrome complexes.<ref name="Hiroma_2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Hiroma |first1=Tatsuo |last2=Ito |first2=Kikukatsu |last3=Hara |first3=Michihiro |last4=Torisu |first4=Ryo |name-list-style=vanc |date=2011-06-01 |title=Analysis of the Lotus Thermoregulation System from the Perspective of Control Engineering |journal=Shokubutsu Kankyo Kogaku |language=ja |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=52–58 |doi=10.2525/shita.23.52 |issn=1880-2028 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The plant also reduces [[ubiquitin]] concentrations while in [[thermogenesis]], which allows the AOX in the plant to function without degradation.<ref name="Wang_2015">{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Ruohan |last2=Zhang |first2=Zhixiang |name-list-style=vanc |date=March 2015 |title=Floral thermogenesis: An adaptive strategy of pollination biology in Magnoliaceae |journal=Communicative & Integrative Biology |volume=8 |issue=1 |article-number=e992746 |doi=10.4161/19420889.2014.992746 |pmc=4594551 |pmid=26844867}}</ref> Thermogenesis is restricted to the [[Receptacle (botany)|receptacle]], [[stamen]], and [[petal]]s of the flower, but each of these parts produce heat independently without relying on the heat production in other parts of the flower.<ref name="Li_2009">{{cite journal |vauthors=Li JK, Huang SQ |date=May 2009 |title=Flower thermoregulation facilitates fertilization in Asian sacred lotus |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=103 |issue=7 |pages=1159–63 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcp051 |pmc=2707905 |pmid=19282320}}</ref>

There are several theories about the function of thermogenesis, especially in an aquatic genus such as ''Nelumbo''. The most common theory posits that thermogenesis in flowers attracts [[pollinator]]s, for a variety of reasons. Heated flowers may attract insect pollinators. As the pollinators warm themselves while resting inside the flower, they deposit and pick up [[pollen]] onto and from the flower.<ref name="Watling_2006" /> The thermogenic environment might also be conducive to pollinator [[mating]]; pollinators may require a certain temperature for reproduction. By providing an ideal thermogenic environment, the flower is pollinated by mating pollinators.<ref name="Miller_2009">{{cite journal |vauthors=Miller RE, Watling JR, Robinson SA |year=2009 |title=Functional transition in the floral receptacle of the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera): from thermogenesis to photosynthesis. |url=https://scholars.uow.edu.au/display/publication26931 |journal=Functional Plant Biology |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=471–480 |doi=10.1071/FP08326|pmid=32688661 |s2cid=54588650 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Others theorize that heat production facilitates the release of [[Volatile organic compound|volatile]] compounds into the air to attract pollinators flying over water, or that the heat is recognizable in the dark by thermo-sensitive pollinators. None have been conclusively proven to be more plausible than the others.<ref name="Wagner_2008">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wagner AM, Krab K, Wagner MJ, Moore AL |date=2008-07-01 |title=Regulation of thermogenesis in flowering Araceae: the role of the alternative oxidase |journal=Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics |volume=1777 |issue=7–8 |pages=993–1000 |doi=10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.04.001 |pmid=18440298 }}</ref>

After [[anthesis]], the receptacle of the lotus transitions from a primarily thermogenic to a [[Photosynthesis|photosynthetic]] structure, as seen in the rapid and dramatic increase in [[photosystem]]s, photosynthetically involved pigments, electron transport rates, and the presence of [[Carbon-13|13C]] in the receptacle and petals, all of which assist in increasing photosynthesis rates.<ref name="Grant_2008">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grant NM, Miller RE, Watling JR, Robinson SA |date=2008-02-01 |title=Synchronicity of thermogenic activity, alternative pathway respiratory flux, AOX protein content, and carbohydrates in receptacle tissues of sacred lotus during floral development |journal=Journal of Experimental Botany |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=705–14 |doi=10.1093/jxb/erm333 |pmid=18252702 |doi-access=free|hdl=2440/52460 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> After this transition, all thermogenesis in the flower is lost. Pollinators do not need to be attracted once the [[Ovary (botany)|ovary]] is fertilized, and thus the receptacle's resources are better used when it is photosynthesizing to produce [[carbohydrate]]s that can increase plant biomass or fruit mass.<ref name="Miller_2009" />

Other plants utilize thermoregulation in their life cycles. Among these is the [[Symplocarpus foetidus|eastern skunk cabbage]], which heats itself to melt any ice above it, and push through the ground in early spring.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ito |first1=Kikukatsu |last2=Ito |first2=Takanori |last3=Onda |first3=Yoshihiko |last4=Uemura |first4=Matsuo |name-list-style=vanc |date=2004-03-15 |title=Temperature-Triggered Periodical Thermogenic Oscillations in Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) |journal=Plant and Cell Physiology |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=257–264 |doi=10.1093/pcp/pch038 |issn=0032-0781 |pmid=15047873 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Also, the [[Konjac|elephant yam]], which heats its flowers to attract pollinators. In addition, the [[carrion flower]], which heats itself to disperse water vapor through the air, carrying its scent further, thus attracting more pollinators.

[[File:Nelumbo nucifera LOTUS bud.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|''[[Nelumbo nucifera]]'' bud]]

=== Similar species ===
The leaves of ''Nelumbo'' can be distinguished from those of genera in the family [[Nymphaeaceae]] as they are [[Glossary of leaf morphology|peltate]], that is they have fully circular leaves. ''[[Nymphaea]]'', on the other hand, has a single characteristic notch from the edge in to the center of the lily pad. The [[fruit|seedpod]] of ''Nelumbo'' is very distinctive.

== Taxonomy ==

=== Taxonomic history ===
The [[Cronquist system]] of 1981 recognizes the family [[Nelumbonaceae]] but places it in the water lily order [[Nymphaeales]]. The [[Dahlgren system]] of 1985 and [[Thorne system]] of 1992 both recognize the family and place it in its own order, Nelumbonales. The [[United States Department of Agriculture]] still classifies the lotus family within the water lily order.<ref>{{Cite PLANTS |symbol=NENU2 |taxon=''Nelumbo nucifera'' |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref>

There is residual disagreement over which family the genus should be placed in. Traditional classification systems recognized ''Nelumbo'' as part of the Nymphaeaceae, but traditional taxonomists were likely misled by [[convergent evolution]] associated with an evolutionary shift from a terrestrial to an aquatic lifestyle. In the older classification systems it was recognized under the order Nymphaeales or Nelumbonales.

=== Modern classification ===
''Nelumbo'' is currently recognized as the [[monotypic taxon|only living genus]] in Nelumbonaceae, one of several distinctive families in the [[eudicot]] order of the [[Proteales]]. Its closest living relatives, the ([[Proteaceae]] and [[Platanaceae]]), are shrubs or trees.

The [[APG IV system]] of 2016 recognizes Nelumbonaceae as a distinct family and places it in the order Proteales in the eudicot [[clade]], as do the earlier [[APG III system|APG III]] and [[APG II system]]s.<ref name="APGIV" />

=== Phylogeny ===
There are several fossil species known from [[Cretaceous]], [[Paleogene]], and [[Neogene]]-aged [[stratigraphy|strata]] throughout [[Eurasia]] and [[North America]]. Despite the ancient origins of this genus and the wide geographic separation of the two extant species (''N.&nbsp;nucifera'' and ''N.&nbsp;lutea''), phylogenetic evidence indicates that they diverged rather recently, during the early [[Pleistocene]] (about 2&nbsp;million years ago).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wu |first1=Zhihua |last2=Gui |first2=Songtao |last3=Quan |first3=Zhiwu |last4=Pan |first4=Lei |last5=Wang |first5=Shuzhen |last6=Ke |first6=Weidong |last7=Liang |first7=Dequan |last8=Ding |first8=Yi |display-authors=6 |date=2014-11-19 |title=A precise chloroplast genome of Nelumbo nucifera (Nelumbonaceae) evaluated with Sanger, Illumina&nbsp;MiSeq, and {{nobr|PacBio RS II}} sequencing platforms: Insight into the plastid evolution of basal eudicots |journal=[[BMC Plant Biology]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=289 |doi=10.1186/s12870-014-0289-0 |doi-access=free |issn=1471-2229 |pmc=4245832 |pmid=25407166 }}</ref>

=== Species ===
[[File:Lotus Nelumbo 'Mrs. Perry D. Slocum' Dried Seed Head 2000px.jpg|thumb|Dried seed pod from ''Nelumbo'' 'Mrs. Perry D. Slocum', a cross between the two extant species]]

==== Extant species ====
*''[[Nelumbo lutea]]'' [[Carl Ludwig Willdenow|Willd.]] &ndash; American lotus ([[Eastern United States]], [[Mexico]], [[Greater Antilles]], [[Honduras]])
*''[[Nelumbo nucifera]]'' [[Joseph Gaertner|Gaertn.]] &ndash; sacred or Indian lotus, also known as the Rose of India and the sacred water lily of [[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhism]].<ref name="Kew">{{cite web |title=Nelumbo nucifera (sacred lotus) |url=http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/nelumbo-nucifera-sacred-lotus | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140530010810/https://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/nelumbo-nucifera-sacred-lotus | archive-date = 30 May 2014 |publisher=Kew Royal Botanic Gardens |access-date=26 July 2015}}</ref> It is the [[Floral emblem|national flower]] of [[India]] and [[Vietnam]]. Its roots and [[Lotus seed|seeds]] are also used widely in cooking in East Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia.

==== Fossil species ====
Nearly 30 fossil species are known from the mid-Cretaceous to the present.<ref name="Li-2014">{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Ya |last2=Svetlana |first2=Popova |last3=Yao |first3=Jianxin |last4=Li |first4=Chengsen |date=2014 |title=A Review on the Taxonomic, Evolutionary and Phytogeographic Studies of the Lotus Plant (Nelumbonaceae: Nelumbo ) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1755-6724.12287 |journal=Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition |language=en |volume=88 |issue=4 |pages=1252–1261 |doi=10.1111/1755-6724.12287 |bibcode=2014AcGlS..88.1252L |issn=1000-9515|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*†''[[Nelumbo aureavallis]]'' [[Leo J. Hickey|Hickey]] &ndash; [[Ypresian|Eocene]] ([[North Dakota]]), described from leaves found in the Golden Valley Formation in North Dakota, USA.<ref name="Hickey1977">{{cite book |title=Stratigraphy and Paleobotany of the Golden Valley Formation (Early Tertiary) of Western North Dakota |last=Hickey |first=Leo |name-list-style=vanc |year=1977 |publisher=Geological Society of America |location=Boulder, Colorado |isbn=978-0-8137-1150-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/stratigraphypale0000hick/page/110 110 & Plate 5] |url=https://archive.org/details/stratigraphypale0000hick/page/110 }}</ref>
*†''[[Nelumbo changchangensis]]'' Eocene, ([[Hainan Island]], China), described from several fossils of leaves, seedpods, and rhizomes from the Eocene-aged strata in the Changchang Basin, of Hainan Island.
*†''[[Nelumbo choffati]]'' [[Early Cretaceous]] ([[Portugal]]), leaves known from the [[Albian]]. One of the earliest known species.<ref name="Li-2014" />
*†''[[Nelumbo jiayinensis]]'' [[Late Cretaceous]], ([[Heilongjiang]], China), leaves described from the [[Santonian]]-aged [[Yong'ancun Formation]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liang |first1=Fei |last2=Sun |first2=Ge |last3=Yang |first3=Tao |last4=Bai |first4=Shuchong |date=April 2018 |title=Nelumbo jiayinensis sp. nov. from the Upper Cretaceous Yong'ancun Formation in Jiayin, Heilongjiang, Northeast China |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=84 |pages=134–140 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2017.11.007 |bibcode=2018CrRes..84..134L |issn=0195-6671}}</ref>
*†''[[Nelumbo lusitanica]]'' Early Cretaceous (Portugal), leaves known from the Albian. One of the earliest known species.<ref name="Li-2014" />
*†''[[Nelumbo minima]]'' [[Pliocene]] ([[Netherlands]]), described from leaves and seedpods that suggest a very small plant. Originally described as a member of the genus ''[[Nelumbites]]'', as "''Nelumbites minimus''."
*†''[[Nelumbo nipponica]]'' [[Eocene]]-[[Miocene]], fossil leaves are known from Eocene-aged strata in [[Japan]], and Miocene-aged strata in [[Russia]].
*†''[[Nelumbo orientalis]]'' Cretaceous (Japan), fossils found in Cretaceous-aged strata of Japan. The [[Sarao Formation]], which they are known from, was formerly considered of Early Cretaceous age, but more recent studies support a [[Maastrichtian]] age for it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Discovery of Nelumbo from the Asuwa Flora (Upper Cretaceous) in Fukui Prefecture in the Inner Side of Central Japan |url=https://gbank.gsj.jp/geolis/geolis_link/88800443/en |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=gbank.gsj.jp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=佐沢 |first1=豪 |last2=ルグラン |first2=ジュリアン |last3=矢部 |first3=淳 |last4=上松 |first4=佐知子 |last5=指田 |first5=勝男 |date=2020 |title=福井県東部，池田町に分布する上部白亜系足羽層の年代-花粉層位学的アプローチ |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/geosoc/126/4/126_2020.0004/_article/-char/ja/ |journal=地質学雑誌 |volume=126 |issue=4 |pages=215–221 |doi=10.5575/geosoc.2020.0004|doi-access=free }}</ref>
*†''[[Nelumbo protolutea]]'' Eocene ([[Mississippi]]), fossils of leaves strongly suggest a plant similar in form to the American lotus.
*†''[[Nelumbo weymouthi]]'' Early Cretaceous ([[Wyoming]], US), leaves known from the Albian. One of the earliest known species.<ref name="Li-2014" />

=== Etymology ===
The genus name is derived from {{langx|si|නෙළුම්}} ''neḷum'', the name for ''Nelumbo nucifera''.<ref name="HyamPank95" />

==Uses==
[[File:JaRenkonLotus14R.jpg|thumb|Vinegared lotus root slices with ginger and citron as eaten in Japan]] The entire plant can be eaten either raw or cooked. The underwater portion is high in [[starch]]. The fleshy parts can be dug from the mud and baked or boiled. The young leaves can be boiled. The seeds are palatable and can be eaten raw or dried and ground into flour.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants |publisher=[[Skyhorse Publishing]] |others=[[United States Department of the Army]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-60239-692-0 |location=New York |page=64 |language=en-US |oclc=277203364}}</ref> The stem fibers are also used to make [[lotus silk]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://theprint.in/india/weaving-success-manipur-woman-seeks-to-employ-more-locals-in-her-lotus-silk-venture/1124204/ |title=Weaving success: Manipur woman seeks to employ more locals in her lotus silk venture |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |work=[[The Print]] |date=11 September 2022}}</ref>

==Culture==
{{Main|Nelumbo nucifera}}

The sacred lotus, ''N. nucifera'', is sacred in both [[Hindu iconography|Hinduism]] and [[Buddhist symbolism|Buddhism]].<ref name=Kew/> It is the [[floral emblem]] of both [[India]] and [[Vietnam]].
{{-}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=HyamPank95>{{Cite book | vauthors = Hyam R, Pankhurst RJ |year=1995 |title=Plants and their names: a concise dictionary |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-866189-4 }}</ref>

<ref name=APGIV>{{Cite journal|author=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=181|issue=1|pages=1–20|issn=0024-4074|doi=10.1111/boj.12385|doi-access=free}}</ref>
}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}

* [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Nelumbonaceae links at CSDL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012212023/http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Nelumbonaceae |date=2008-10-12 }}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q207427}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nelumbo| ]]
[[Category:Eudicot genera]]
[[Category:Extant Albian first appearances]]

Lokkhi Chele

2025-09-26T10:17:56Z

Paradigmresume: brief added page for accuracy as per guidelines

{{Short description|2022 Indian Bengali film directed by Kaushik Ganguly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Lokkhi Chele
| image = Lokkhi.jpg
| director = [[Kaushik Ganguly]]
| producer = [[Nandita Roy]] [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]]
| starring = [[Ujaan Ganguly]] Ritwika Pal Purab Seal Acharya
| editing = Subhajit Singha
| music = Prabuddha Banerjee
| cinematography = [[Gopi Bhagat]]
| studio = Windows Production
| distributor = Windows Production
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|08|26}}
| country = India
| language = Bengali
}}
'''''Lokkhi Chele''''' ({{Translation|Good boy}}) is a 2022 Indian [[Bengali language]] [[Drama (film and television)|action socio-drama film]] written and directed by [[Kaushik Ganguly]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kaushik Ganguly all set to direct his son in next - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/kaushik-ganguly-all-set-to-direct-his-son-in-next/articleshow/70025046.cms |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=The Times of India |last1=Ganguly |first1=Ruman }}</ref> The film is produced by [[Nandita Roy]] and [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]] under the banner of Windows Production.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BookMyShow |title=Lokkhi Chhele Movie (2020) {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com//movies/lokkhi-chhele/ET00119734?fbrefresh=1 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=BookMyShow }}</ref> The film stars [[Ujaan Ganguly]] as the protagonist.

== Plot ==
A specially abled child with four arms is born to a lower caste family in the remote village of Hijalganj. The villagers, filled with religious superstitions, believe her to be the incarnation of Goddess Laxmi. The upper class elites of the village begin using her for their selfish monetary reasons.

Amir Hussain, Gayatri Chatterjee and Shibnath Dutta, three junior doctors from Kolkata, come across the child. They realize that, if not treated immediately, the child would not survive. However, the child's family refuse to believe their words and threaten them with dire consequences if they try to take away the child for treatment. Left with no other option, the trio steal the child with the help of her mother and take her to Kolkata with them.

With help from their teacher Dr. Mitali Sen, her estranged IAS officer husband Rwitobroto Sen, news reporter Joy Mitra and Amir's lawyer father Anwar Hussain, the trio manage to get the child treated successfully at a hospital in Bhubaneswar. However, when they try to return the child, none of the villagers, except the child's mother, agree to accept her as their own. While Gayatri and Shib manage to flee with the child, Amir is caught by the local politician and his goons. They badly beat him, to the point that he is left paralyzed and his brain is damaged.

The movie shifts to a few years later. Everyone is celebrating Amir's birthday. It is shown that Laxmi has been adopted by Mitali's house-help Gopa. The movie ends on an emotional note with Amir, wheelchair-ridden and unable to speak, affectionately holding Laxmi's hand.

== Cast ==
* [[Ujaan Ganguly]] as Amir Hussain <ref>{{Cite news |title=Ujaan speaks on his character in 'Lokkhi Chhele' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/ujaan-speaks-on-his-character-in-lokkhi-chhele/articleshow/73137639.cms |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=The Times of India |last1=Ghosh |first1=Sankha }}</ref>
* Ritwika Pal as Gayatri Chatterjee
* Purab Seal Acharya as Shibnath Dutta
* [[Indrasish Roy]] as Rajat Narayan Ray
* Pradip Bhattacharya as Haren Khuro
* [[Ambarish Bhattacharya]] as Joy Mitra
* [[Churni Ganguly]] as Dr. Mitali Sen
* [[Babul Supriyo]] as Rwitobroto Sen
* Manosree Biswas as Gopa
* [[Joydip Mukherjee]] as Anwar Hussain, Amir's father

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Lokkhi Chele
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Prabuddha Banerjee
| released = 2022<ref name="jiosaavn">{{cite web |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/lokkhi-chhele/qtw7QW7ZPnc_|title=Lokkhi Chhele – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |date=2022|publisher=Jiosaavn}}</ref>
| recorded =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 10:43
| language = Bengali
| label = Windows Production
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Lokkhi Chhele
| length1 = 3:16
| lyrics1 =
| music1 =
| extra1 = [[Somlata Acharyya Chowdhury]]
| title2 = Haar Na Manar Gaan
| length2 = 3:45
| lyrics2 =
| music2 =
| extra2 = Timir Biswas, Anasmita Ghosh, Chandrika Bhattacharya, Debolina Sinha Ray, Disha Roy
| title3 = Kalo Jole Kuchla Tole
| length3 = 3:42
| lyrics3 =
| music3 =
| extra3 = Ujaan Ganguly, Purab Seal Acharya
| title4 =
| length4 =
| lyrics4 =
| music4 =
| extra4 =
| total_length = {{Duration|m=10|s=43}}
}}

== Release ==
The film was released theatrically on 26 August 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=বাবা কৌশিক গঙ্গোপাধ্যায়ের পরিচালনায় নায়ক উজান, কবে মুক্তি পাচ্ছে 'লক্ষ্মী ছেলে'? |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/know-the-release-date-kaushik-ganguly-directed-ujaan-ganguly-starrer-film-lokkhi-chhele/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=sangbadpratidin |language=bn}}</ref>

== Reception ==
The film received critical acclaim. In [[OTTplay]], Shamayita Chakraborty wrote, "Lokhi Chele is a must-watch. Besides the issue that the film deals with, its treatment, violence, disturbance and subtle non-linear storytelling are something that we have not seen in Bengali films for a while. There are problems in the film and yet we must encourage our friends, family members and colleagues to watch it just for the sake of the issue it deals with. Lokkhi Chele is an unsettling film that should be watched and rewatched until we see an end to the dark reality of superstitions in India".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ottplay.com/amp/review/lokkhi-chele-review-kaushik-ganguly-creates-a-deeply-disturbing-saga-that-holds-a-mirror-up-to-society/26edbb5d3e285 | title=Lokkhi Chele review: Kaushik Ganguly creates a deeply disturbing saga that holds a mirror up to society }}</ref>
Aritra Banerjee from ''[[Film Companion]]'' stated "It is an entertaining film, it is a very engaging film. At the same time, it is a very honest film", praising the film's screenplay, acting performances, cinematography and editing.
''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave a mixed review: "It tries to critique religious dogmatism but its ambitions are marred because of an almost amateurish screenplay".<ref>Premankur Biswas (August 29, 2022 ) [https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/lokkhi-chele-review-a-promising-concept-marred-by-amateurish-writing-8119180/lite/ Lokkhi Chele review: A promising concept marred by amateurish writing]. ''Indian Express''.</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt11301940}}

[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:2022 drama films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Windows Production films]]

{{Bengali-film-stub}}

Pritamkumar Singh Soraisam

2025-09-18T19:23:58Z

Paradigmresume: Adding New Biography

{{short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Western name order|Soraisam Pritamkumar Singh}}
{{Meitei name|Soraisam|Pritam Kumar|Singh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Pritamkumar Singh
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname = Pritamkumar Singh Soraisam
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1995|12|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bishnupur, Manipur|Bishnupur]], [[Manipur]], India
| height = {{height|m=1.74}}
| currentclub =
| clubnumber =
| position = [[Defender (association football)#Full-back|Left back]]
| youthyears1 = 2010–2014
| youthclubs1 = Sambalpur Football Academy
| youthyears2 = 2014
| youthclubs2 = [[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]
| years1 = 2014–2017
| clubs1 = [[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]
| caps1 = 38
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2014
| clubs2 = → [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]] (loan)
| caps2 = 0
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2017–2020
| clubs3 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| caps3 = 6
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2020–2021
| clubs4 = [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| caps4 = 0
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2021–2022
| clubs5 = [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| caps5 = 2
| goals5 = 0
| years6 = 2022–2023
| clubs6 = [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| caps6 = 2
| goals6 = 0
| years7 = 2023–2024
| clubs7 = [[TRAU FC|TRAU]]
| caps7 = 19
| goals7 = 0
| years8 = 2024–2025
| clubs8 = [[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]]
| caps8 = 3
| goals8 = 0
| nationalyears1 = 2012–2013
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-20 football team|India U20]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| club-update = 16:58, 19 December 2024 (UTC)
| ntupdate =
}}

'''Pritamkumar Singh Soraisam''' ({{langx|mni|Soraisam Pritamkumar Singh}}, born 10 December 1995) is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Defender (association football)#Full-back|defender]].

==Career==
Born in [[Manipur]], Singh was a part of the [[AIFF Elite Academy]].<ref name=AIFF>{{cite news|title=23-member Squad to reach Doha on Sunday|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=5260|accessdate=11 January 2016|work=The All India Football Federation|date=28 September 2013}}</ref> Before the [[2015–16 I-League]], Singh was announced as part of the [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Shillong Lajong FC announce squad for 2015/16|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/i-league-shillong-lajong-fc-announce-squad-2015-16|accessdate=11 January 2016|work=SportsKeeda|date=8 January 2014}}</ref> He made his debut for the club on 10 January 2016 against [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]. He played the full match as Shillong Lajong drew 0–0.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shillong Lajong 0-0 Mumbai|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2016/01/10/india/i-league/lajong-sc/mumbai-fc/2176876/|website=Soccerway}}</ref>

===Kerala Blasters===
On 23 July 2017, Singh was selected in the 11th round of the [[2017–18 ISL Players Draft]] by the [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] for the [[2017–18 Indian Super League]].<ref>{{cite news|title=ISL 2017 player draft, as it happened: ATK, Jamshedpur FC and Pune strike big|url=https://thefield.scroll.in/844751/isl-2017-player-draft-live-updates-eugenson-lyngdoh-anas-edathodika-touted-as-top-draws|accessdate=8 January 2018|work=The Field|date=23 July 2017}}</ref> He made his debut for the club on 3 December 2017 against [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]. He came on as a halftime minute substitute for [[Rino Anto]] as Kerala Blasters drew 1–1.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Blasters 1–1 Mumbai City|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/12/03/india/indian-super-league/kerala-blasters/mumbai-city/2597759/|website=Soccerway}}</ref>

=== Hyderabad ===
On 18 August 2021, Singh signed for [[Hyderabad FC]] from [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] ahead of the [[2021–22 Indian Super League]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Very excited to have signed for Hyderabad FC: Pritam Soraisam|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/2021/aug/18/very-excited-to-have-signed-for-hyderabad-fc-pritam-soraisam-2346528.html|access-date=2021-08-19|website=The New Indian Express|date=18 August 2021 }}</ref>

==International==
As part of the [[AIFF Elite Academy]], Singh was also part of the [[India national under-19 football team|India under-19]] side.<ref name=AIFF/>

==Career statistics==
{{updated|9 September 2020}}<ref>{{soccerway|pritam-kumar-singh/383759}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup
!colspan="2"|Continental
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|[[2014–15 I-League|2014–15]]
|[[I-League]]||5||0||—||—||—||—||5||0
|-
|[[2015–16 I-League|2015–16]]
|[[I-League]]||15||0||—||—||—||—||15||0
|-
|[[2016–17 I-League|2016–17]]
|[[I-League]]||18||0||—||—||—||—||18||0
|-
!colspan="2"|Shillong Lajong Total
!38!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!38!!0
|-
|rowspan="1"|[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]] (loan)
|[[2014 Indian Super League|2014]]
|[[Indian Super League|ISL]]||0||0||—||—||—||—||0||0
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|[[2017–18 Indian Super League|2017–18]]
|[[Indian Super League|ISL]]||1||0||—||—||—||—||1||0
|-
|[[2018–19 Indian Super League|2018–19]]
|[[Indian Super League|ISL]]||5||0||1||0||—||—||6||0
|-
|[[2019–20 Indian Super League|2019–20]]
|[[Indian Super League|ISL]]||0||0||0||0||—||—||0||0
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!6!!0!!1!!0!!—!!—!!7!!0
|-
|rowspan="1"|[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|[[2020–21 SC East Bengal season|2020–21]]
|[[Indian Super League|ISL]]||0||0||—||—||—||—||0||0
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!44!!0!!1!!0!!0!!0!!45!!0
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/2384?type=club AIFF profile]
* [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/defender-10684-soraisam-pritam-kumar-singh-profile Profile] at Indian Super League official website

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Pritam Kumar}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Bishnupur, Manipur]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Shillong Lajong FC players]]
[[Category:NorthEast United FC players]]
[[Category:Kerala Blasters FC players]]
[[Category:East Bengal Club players]]
[[Category:Men's association football defenders]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]

Haricharan Bandopadhayaya

2025-09-09T12:31:51Z

Paradigmresume: updated page

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Haricharan Bandopadhyaya
| image = Haricharan Bandopadhyay.jpg
| caption = Indian lexicographer Haricharan Bandyopadhyay
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1867|6|23}}
| birth_place = Ramnarayanpur, 24 Parganas
| death_date = {{Death date|df=yes|1959|1|13}}
| death_place =
| occupation = Scholar, dictionary compiler
| nationality = Indian
| notableworks =
| spouse =
| children =
| awards = {{Plainlist|
* Sarojini Basu Gold Medal from [[University of Calcutta|Calcutta University]]
* Sisir Kumar Memorial Prize from [[University of Calcutta|Calcutta University]]
* Desikottama from [[Visva Bharati]]
}}
}}
'''Haricharan Bandopadhayaya''' (23 June 1867 – 13 January 1959) was a scholar and lexicographer best known for his 5-volume ''Bangiya Sabdakosh'' (Bengali dictionary).

==Early life==
The son of Nibaran Chandra Bandopadhyaya, he was born in his maternal grand father's house at Ramnarayanpur in 24-Parganas. He had his early education in the schools at Jasaikati (in Baduria)and in Basirhat High School at Basirhat (now in North 24 Parganas), the ancestral village of the family. He joined the [[Vidyasagar College|Metropolitan Institute]], but his studies were disrupted when he was in BA third year as a result of the discontinuation of student's fund. After teaching assignments in his ancestral village and at [[Narajole]], he moved on to the Tagore estate at [[Naogaon District#Patisar|Patisar]], now in Bangladesh.<ref name = "haricharan">Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali (editors), 1976/1998, ''Sansad Bangali Charitabhidhan'' (Biographical dictionary) Vol I, {{in lang|bn}}, p 614, {{ISBN|81-85626-65-0}}</ref>

==Santiniketan==
[[Rabindranath Tagore]] was impressed by his knowledge of Sanskrit and brought him over to [[Santiniketan]]. He taught Sanskrit at Brahmacharya Ashram from 1902 till his retirement in 1932. In 1905, Tagore asked him to compile a Bengali dictionary. He started working on this project, whenever, he could find time and it became an all-absorbing occupation for him. It took him 40 years to complete the project. The dictionary, ''Bangiya Sabdakosh'' was published in 5 volumes by Visva Bharati in 1945.<ref name = "haricharan"/><ref name="visva">{{cite web | url = http://www.visvabharati.ac.in/HaricharanBandopadhyaya.html| title = Haricharan Bandopadhyaya | publisher = Visva Bharati |accessdate = 8 August 2019}}</ref>

==Works==
[[File:Rabindranath Tagore's handwriting, describing the work of Haricharan Bandopadhyay.jpg|thumb|Rabindranath Tagore describing H. Bandopadhyay's contribution as a lexicographer]]
Bandopadhyaya wrote several books, some of them for use in schools: ''Sanskrit Pravesh'', ''Pali Pravesh'', ''Byakaran Koumadi'', ''Hints on Sanskrit Translation and Composition'', ''Kobir Katha'', ''Rabindranather Katha'' etc., He had translated some of the poems of [[Matthew Arnold]].<ref name = "haricharan"/>

==Awards==
He was recipient of the Sarojini Basu Gold Medal and Sisir Kumar Memorial Prize from the University of Calcutta. In 1957, Visva Bharati honoured him with Desikottama.<ref name = "haricharan"/> The Desikottama was conferred on him by the Chancellor, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], who said, "His unwearied pursuit of knowledge fulfils one of the major aims and ideals of Rabindranath and Visva-Bharati."<ref name="visva"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:People associated with Santiniketan]]
[[Category:Indian lexicographers]]
[[Category:Sanskrit scholars from Bengal]]
[[Category:1867 births]]
[[Category:1959 deaths]]
[[Category:Scholars from West Bengal]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bandopadhayaya, Haricharan}}

Indian units of measurement

2025-09-01T17:34:47Z

Paradigmresume: add intro for clarity and cleaned formatting as per guidelines

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Multiple issues|
{{more footnotes needed|date=August 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2015}}
}}

Before the [[Metrication in India|introduction of the metric system]], one may divide the history of Indian systems of measurement into three main periods: the pre-[[Akbar]] period, the period of the Akbar system, and the British colonial period.

During the Indian pre ancient period, weights and measure systems varied from region to region, commodity to commodity, and rural to urban areas. The weights were based on the weight of various seeds (in particular the [[wheat berry]] and [[Ratti (unit)|Ratti]]) and lengths were based on the length of arms and width of fingers. During his reign, the Mughal emperor Akbar realized a need for a uniform system, and used the weight of the barley corn as a standard. This did not replace the existing system; rather, it simply added another system of measurement.

When the British first began [[East India Company|trading in India]], they accepted [[Barley|barley corn]] as a unit for weighing gold. Eventually, the British introduced [[Troy weight|their own system]] for weighing gold. In 1956, the government of independent India passed the Standards of Weights Act, which would come into effect in 1958. The metric system was made mandatory for weights in October 1960, and for measures in April 1962.

== Conversion ==

In 1956, for metrication, the Indian government defined the Standards of Measurements Act (No. 89 of 1956, amended 1960, 1964) as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Indian System !! [[Metric system|Metric System]]
|-
| 1 [[Tola (unit)|Tola]]|| 11.6638038 g
|}

The current definitions as per the UN are:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Indian System !! Metric System
|-
| 1 [[Tola (unit)|Tola]]|| 11.664 g
|}

==Ancient system==

These are the weights and measures popular in North India before the adoption of the metric system. There were different systems in Bengal, the Presidency of Madras, and Bombay. The following nomenclature was prevalent in North India until the metric system was established:

* 4 Chāwal (grain of rice) = 1 Dhan (weight of one wheat berry)
* 4 Dhan = 1 Ratti (seed of the '[[Abrus precatorius]]' plant, called 'Surkh' by [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazl]] in [[Ain-i-Akbari]].).
* 8 Ratti = 1 Masha
* 3 Masha (24 Ratti/96 Dhan) = 1 Tak
* 4 Tak (12 Masha/96 Ratti) = 1 Bhari

=== Conversion ===

* 1 Bhari = 11.66375 gram
* 3.75 [[Troy ounce]] = 10 Bhari
* Weight of 64 Dhan (Wheat berries) = Weight of 45 Jau (Barley corns)
* Weight of 1 Barley corn = 64.79891 milligrams

=== Commodity weight system ===

* 1 Bhari = 4 Siki
* 1 Kancha = 5 Siki
* 1 Chhataank = 4 Kancha
* 1 Chhataank = 5 Bhari
* 1 Adh-pav = 2 Chhatank = 1/8 Seer
* 1 Pav = 2 Adh-pav = ¼ Seer (Pav means ¼)
* The unit pav is still used to this date however, it has been modified to "a fourth of a kilogram".
* 1 Adher = 2 Pav = ½ Seer
* In Hindi ½ Seer = Adha (½) Seer, or Adher
* 1 Ser = 2 Adher = 4 Pav = 16 Chattank = 80 Tola = 933.1 grams
* 1 Savaser = 1 Ser + 1 Pav (1¼ Seer)
* 1 Savaser weighed 100 Imperial rupees
* In Hindi 1¼ Seer = Sava (1¼) Seer, or Savaser
* 1 Dhaser = 2 Savaser = 2½ Seer
* In Hindi 2½ Seer = Dhai (2½) Seer, or Dhaser
* 1 Paseri = 2 Adisari = 5 Seer
* In Hindi 5 Seer = Panch (5) Seer, or Paseri for short
* 1 Daseri = 2 Pasri = 10 Seer
* In Hindi 10 Seer = Das (10) Seer, or Daseri for short
* 1 Maund (''maan'' or ''man[मण]'') = 4 Daseri = 8 Pasri = 40 Seer

=== Rice and grains volume measures ===
Grains were not weighed. Special hour-glass shaped measure were used to determine the volume.

Smallest unit = 1 Nilve

* 2 Nilve = 1 Kolve
* 2 Kolve = 1 Chipte (about quarter litre)
* 2 Chipte = 1 Mapte (about half litre)
* 2 Mapte = 1 Ser (about one litre)

=== Liquid volume measures ===
These were hour glass shaped measure used for Milk, Ghee, Oils. The bottom was round like an inverted dome, the top was like flared rim. This shape helped in pouring the liquids.

* 4 Chhataank = 1 Pav
* 4 Pav = 1 Seer
* 40 Seer = 1 Maund

=== Length measure ===
Measure of length is Gaz. To interpret Gaz, depends on what one is measuring and where they are. Bengal: 36", Bombay: 27", Madras: 33", Government Average: 33". The hand measurements were used.

* Anguli (width of 3 fingers) = 1 Girah
* 8 Girah = 1 Hath (elbow to the end of the middle finger, approximately 18" )
* 5 5/6 Hath = One Kathi
* 20 Kathi = One Pand
* 1 Pand= 1 Beesa
* 20 Pand = One Begah
* 2 Hath = 1 Gaz
* 3 Gaz = Two Karam
* 3 Karams = 1 Kan
* 3 Square Kans = 1 Marla
* 20 Marlas = 1 Kanal
* 8 Kanals = 1 Ghamaon
* 9 Kanals 12 Marlas = 1 Acre{{citation needed|reason=At the time, acre was used in Europe only|date=September 2019}}
* 4 Kanals = 1 Begah

==Medieval system==
===Akbar weights and measures===

Akbar standardised weights and measurements using a [[barley]] corn (''Jau''). For weights, he used the weight of a ''Jau'', while the width of a ''Jau'' set the standard for length.

1. Length: Ilahi Gaz ({{convert|33|to|34|in|disp=or}}); 1 Gaz = 16 Grehs; 1 Greh = 2 pais

At the time of [[Shah Jahan]] there existed three different Gaz:<ref>Levon Khachikian: "The Ledger of the Merchant Hovhannes Joughayetsi". ''Journal of the Asiatic Society'', Vol 8, No. 3, 1966, p. 182</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Indian System !! Metric System
|-
| ''Shahi gaz''|| 101.6 cm
|-
|Shahijahani/''Lashkari''
|95.85 cm
|-
|Aleppo ''gaz''
|67.73 cm
|}

* ''Shahi gaz'' = 101.6 cm
* ''Shahijahani'' or ''Lashkari'' = 95.85 cm
* Aleppo ''gaz'' = 67.73 cm
* Commodity weight: Ser = 637.74 grams
* Commodity Spices: The ''Dam'' was a copper coin used as a weight as well as currency. 1 Dam = 20 grams
* Gold and Expensive Spices: Misqal = 6.22 grams

== Weights before 1833 ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Indian System
!British/ troy system
!imperial system!! Metric System
|-
| 1 ''rattī''
|0.003(6) t oz
|0.004(0) oz|| 0.113(4)gram
|-
|1 māshā
|0.029(2) t oz
|0.032(0) oz
|0.907(2) gram
|-
|1 tolā
|0.3500(0) t oz
|0.3840(0) oz
|10.88(6) gram
|-
| 1 Ser (80 [[Tola (unit)|Tola]][[Talysh language|s]])
|28.000(0) t oz
|1.920(0) lb|| 870.89(8) gram<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=What is a seer? |url=https://www.sizes.com/units/seer.htm |access-date=2019-06-20 |website=www.sizes.com}}</ref>
|-
| 1 Maund (40 Sers)
|93 t lbs 4.00(1) t oz
|5.4857(12) St|| 34 kilograms 835.(9)grams
|}

* 8 rattīs = 1 māshā (= 0.907(2) gram)
* 12 māshās = 1 [[Tola (unit)|tolā]] (= 10.886227 gram)
* 80 [[Tola (unit)|tola]][[Talysh language|s]] = 1 [[Ser (unit)|ser]] (= 870.89816 gram)
* 40 [[Ser (unit)|sers]] = 1 [[maund (unit)|maund]] (= 34 kg 8 hg 3 dag 5g 9 dg 2.6 cg /34.835926 kilograms)
* 1 rattī = 1.75 grains (= 0.11339825 gram/113 milligrams 398 1/4 micrograms 4 attograms ) (1 grain = 0.064799 gram)

From 1833 the rupee and tolā weight was fixed at 180 grains, i.e. 11.66382 grams. Hence the weight of 1 maund increased to 37.324224 kilogram.<ref>Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive by Col. Henry Yule and A.C. Burnell, Originally published 1903, Reprint, 1968</ref> Traditionally one maund represented the weight unit for goods which could be carried over some distance by porters or pack animals.

==British system==
{{main|Imperial units}}

==References==
1 coss= 2000 yards<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QtMzAQAAMAAJ|title=Wood's Royal Southern Kalendar, Tasmanian Register and General Australasian & East Indian Official Directory ...|last=Wood|first=James|date=1849-01-01|publisher=H. Dowling, Jun.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x_8nAAAAYAAJ|title=East-India Register and Directory|date=1819-01-01|publisher=W.H. Allen|language=en}}</ref>

=== Notes ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
* [[James Prinsep|Prinsep, James]] (editor [[Edward Thomas (antiquarian)|Edward Thomas]]): ''Essays on Indian Antqities, Historic, Numismatic, and Palaeographic, of the late James Prinsep, F.R.S., to which are added his Useful Tables illustrative of Indian History, Chronology, Modern Coinages, Weights, Measures etc.'' Two Volumes, Reprint, Indological Book House, Delhi and Varanasi, 1971. Originally published in London, 1858.
{{commons category|Measurement in India}}

{{Systems of measurement}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian Weights and Measures}}
[[Category:Customary units in India]]
[[Category:Economy of India]]

Bistupur (Nalbari)

2025-08-30T07:54:40Z

Paradigmresume:

{{Short description|Village in Western Assam, India}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bistupur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Assam, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.4977547|N|91.4967302|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Western Assam]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Nalbari district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 42
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| demographics1_title2 = Native
| demographics1_info2 = [[Kamrupi language]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 781369
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate =
| website = {{URL|Nalbari.nic.in}}
| iso_code =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bistupur''' is a village in [[Nalbari district]] of [[Western Assam]]. It is located at north bank of river [[Brahmaputra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pincodes.info/in/Assam/Nalbari/Ghograpar/BAR-BISTUPUR |title=Pincode of BAR BISTUPUR, Assam is 781369 |publisher= pincodes.info |date= |accessdate=2020-05-18}}</ref>

==Culture==
=== Language ===
The [[Nalbariya dialect]] of the [[Assamese language]], is spoken in Bistupur.

=== Festivals ===
[[Domahi]], [[Amati (ritual)|Amati]], [[Durga Puja]], [[Kali Puja]] (Shyama Puja), [[Diwali]], [[Holi]], [[Janmastami]], [[Shivratri]] etc. are major festivals of the village.

== Transport ==
The village is located north of Nalbari town, is well connected to [[Nalbari]] town and [[National Highway 27 (India)|National Highway 27]] by buses and other modes of transport. Railway station serving the village is [[Nalbari railway station]] and is connected by air through [[Gauhati International Airport]].

== See also ==
* [[Barpipalia]]
* [[Nahira]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://nalbari.nic.in}}

{{Western Assam}}

[[Category:Villages in Nalbari district]]
[[Category:Lower Assam]]

Shamshaan Champa

2025-07-05T20:12:46Z

Paradigmresume: Added new entry

{{short description|Indian Super natural television series }}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image =Shamshaan Champa serial.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Supernatural]] [[Mystery film|Mystery]]
| creator = [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]]
| story = {{ubl|Shivangi Singh|Anubhav Paaruthi}}
| composer = Elvish Valentine
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme = Shamshaan Champa
| writer = '''Dialogues''' Divya Nidhi Sharma Aparajitha Sharma
| screenplay = Shivangi Singh
| editor = Shashank Harendra Singh Flying Toys
| creative_director =
| director = Afzal Sayyad
| starring = [[Trupti Mishra]] Ayush Shrivastava [[Antara Biswas]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 40
| executive_producer =
| producer = [[Gul Khan (producer)|Ghul Khan]] Karishma Jain
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| network = [[Shemaroo Umang]]
| runtime = 22 minutes approx
| company = [[4 Lions Films]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2024|08|20|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2024|10|04|df=y}}
}}
'''''Shamshaan Champa'''''<ref>{{cite web|title=टीवी से अचानक गायब हुए थे 'अहम जी', लंबे वक्त बाद सुपरनैचुरल शो से कमबैक करने जा रहा एक्टर|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/entertainment/tv/saath-nibhaana-saathiya-ahem-ji-to-comeback-mohammad-nazim-to-do-supernatural-serial-glamours-monalisa-shamshan-champa-201724381601390.amp.html|work=livehindustan|accessdate=23 August 2024}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Monalisa Features As A Powerful Witch In Supernatural Show Shamshaan Champa, Watch Promo|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/monalisa-features-as-a-powerful-witch-in-supernatural-show-shamshaan-champa-watch-promo-8972566.html|work=News18|date=20 July 2024 |accessdate=30 July 2024}}</ref> ({{translation |Cremation's [[Magnolia × alba|Flower]]}}) is an Indian Hindi-language [[supernatural]] [[Horror film|horror]], mystery television series that aired from 20 August 2024 to 5 October 2024 on [[Shemaroo Umang]] under the banner of [[4 Lions Films]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Saath Nibhaana Saathiya's Ahem Ji aka Mohammad Nazim To Make Comeback On TV; Exclusive Details Out|url=https://www.news18.com/amp/movies/saath-nibhaana-saathiya-ahem-ji-aka-mohammad-nazim-to-make-comeback-on-tv-exclusive-details-out-9023820.html|work=News18|date=22 August 2024 |accessdate=22 August 2024}}</ref> It starts [[Trupti Mishra]], Ayush Shrivastava and [[Antara Biswas]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak fame Trupti Mishra to play the lead in supernatural mystery Shamshaan Champa|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/qayamat-se-qayamat-tak-fame-trupti-mishra-to-play-the-lead-in-supernatural-mystery-shamshaan-champa/articleshow/112016991.cms|work=Timesofindia|accessdate=25 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Monalisa embraces typecasting challenge in 'Shamshaan Champa' |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/monalisa-embraces-typecasting-challenge-in-shamshaan-champa-1503336704.html/amp |work=The Statesman |date=28 August 2024 |access-date=19 September 2024}}</ref>

==Plot==
Champa was a girl who was falsely accused by the villagers of being a witch. They burned her under the Kaal Vruksh (A Tree). It is believed that whoever dies under the Kaal Vruksh becomes an evil witch. However, Champa becomes a good witch and helps people instead.<ref name=":0" />

==Cast==
* [[Trupti Mishra]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak fame Trupti Mishra to play the lead in supernatural mystery Shamshaan Champa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/qayamat-se-qayamat-tak-fame-trupti-mishra-to-play-the-lead-in-supernatural-mystery-shamshaan-champa/articleshow/112016991.cms |access-date=19 September 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> as Champa: a Good Dayan, Tara's Sister, Vikram's Wife
* Ayush Shrivastava as Vikram
* [[Antara Biswas]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2024 |title='स्त्री' के बाद आई 'श्मशान चंपा', 'डायन' बनकर मिला फेम, कौन है ये एक्ट्रेस? |url=https://www.aajtak.in/visualstories/entertainment/monalisa-to-play-daayan-mohini-role-again-in-supernatural-horror-show-shamshan-champa-stree-box-office-success-trp-suhagan-chudail-tmovh-164209-21-08-2024 |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=www.aajtak.in |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2024 |title=Monalisa Features As A Powerful Witch In Supernatural Show Shamshaan Champa, Watch Promo |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/monalisa-features-as-a-powerful-witch-in-supernatural-show-shamshaan-champa-watch-promo-8972566.html |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> as Mohini
* Anjali Sharma as Kiran
* Palak Rana as Pushpa; Champa's sister
* Yash Bhatia as Akshay
* Sanchi Daudkar as Tara
* Vaishnavi Chaudhary as Rekha
* Inderjeet Modi<ref>{{Cite news |title=Indrajeet Modi joins the cast of 'Shamshaan Champa' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/indrajeet-modi-joins-the-cast-of-shamshaan-champa/amp_articleshow/112116346.cms |access-date=19 September 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> as Dhruv
* Tia Gandwani<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tia Gandwani joins the cast of the highly anticipated supernatural show 'Shamshaan Champa' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tia-gandwani-joins-the-cast-of-the-highly-anticipated-supernatural-show-shamshaan-champa/amp_articleshow/112322278.cms |access-date=19 September 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> as Urvashi, Vikram's Mother
* Mahima Mishra as Shivani
* Monica Gupta as Chachi
* [[Mohammad Nazim]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2024 |title=Saath Nibhaana Saathiya's Ahem AKA Mohammad Nazim Returns To TV With A Supernatural Show |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/saath-nibhaana-saathiyas-ahem-aka-mohammad-nazim-returns-to-tv-after-a-hiatus-article-112918118/amp |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2024 |title=Saath Nibhaana Saathiya's Ahem Ji aka Mohammad Nazim To Make Comeback On TV; Exclusive Details Out |url=https://www.news18.com/amp/movies/saath-nibhaana-saathiya-ahem-ji-aka-mohammad-nazim-to-make-comeback-on-tv-exclusive-details-out-9023820.html |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> as Shakti Singh Rathore: Vikram's father
* Priyanjali Uniyal as Chitralekha
* Jya mishra
* Arsheen Namdar as Rambha

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.shemaroome.com/shows/shamshaan-champa/ ''Shamshaan Champa''] on [[ShemarooMe]]
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian horror fiction television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Shemaroo Umang original programming]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series endings]]

Love U Zindagi

2025-07-03T09:59:11Z

Paradigmresume:

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{for|the 2019 Indian film|Love You Zindagi}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Love_U_Zindagi.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Television drama|Drama]]
| creator =
| developer =
| writer =
| director =
| creative_director =
| starring = [[Love U Zindagi#Cast|See below]]
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme = "Love U Zindagi" by [[Mohammed Irfan (singer)|Mohammed Irfan]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 46
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer =
| editor =
| location =
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 24 minutes
| company = [[Shreya Creations]]
| channel = [[STAR Plus]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2011|1|29}}<ref>{{cite web |author=Adgully Bureau |url=https://www.adgully.com/star-plus-to-launch-three-new-shows-wife-bina-life-love-u-zindagi-and-pyaar-mein-twist-246.html |title=Star Plus to launch three new shows - Wife Bina Life, Love U Zindagi and Pyaar Mein Twist |publisher=Adgully.com |date=2011-01-28 |accessdate=2020-01-25 |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831150736/https://www.adgully.com/star-plus-to-launch-three-new-shows-wife-bina-life-love-u-zindagi-and-pyaar-mein-twist-246.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2011|7|10}}
| related =
}}
'''''Love U Zindagi - Geet Ke Funde''''' is an Indian television series which premiered on 29 January 2011 on [[STAR Plus]]. The series is based on the story of Rahul, a broken hearted scion of an industrialist family and Geet, a young, bold and bubbly girl. The story is set in a [[Punjab, India|Punjabi]] backdrop, and is loosely based on the [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kareena Kapoor]] starrer ''[[Jab We Met]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/a-breezy-refreshing-show/754385/|title=A breezy, refreshing show - Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=25 January 2020|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206090848/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/a-breezy-refreshing-show/754385/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==About the show==
The show is the about the romance of two individuals who are complete opposites. Rahul is a broken hearted scion of an industrialist family who is escaping from life itself. Geet is a [[Sikhs|Sikhni]] from [[Bathinda|Bhatinda]] with a zest for life, and who lives for the moment. The young couple meet each other on the [[Punjab Mail]] train and begin the memorable journey of their lives first from [[Bombay]], to Bhatinda, then to [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]].

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Sidharth Shukla]] as Rahul Kashyap<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Actor-Siddharth-Shukla-has-been-roped-in-to-play-the-lead-in-the-show-Love-U-Zindagi-which-is-a-remake-of-the-film-Jab-We-Met-/articleshow/7404378.cms|title=Actor Siddharth Shukla has been roped in to play the lead in the show "Love U Zindagi", which is a remake of the film "Jab We Met". - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=February 2011|access-date=25 January 2020|archive-date=27 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227185104/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Actor-Siddharth-Shukla-has-been-roped-in-to-play-the-lead-in-the-show-Love-U-Zindagi-which-is-a-remake-of-the-film-Jab-We-Met-/articleshow/7404378.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Pavitra Punia]] as Geet Dhillon

===Recurring===
*[[Aleeza Khan]] as Roop Dhillon
*[[Navina Bole]] as Manjeet
*[[Pavan Malhotra]] as Daljeet
*[[Neelu Kohli]] as Parmeet
*[[Surendra Pal]] as Daarji
*Karaan Singh as Kunal Sood
* [[Shivani Gosain]] as Vimmi Bua
*[[Sonia Kapoor]] as Rahul's mother
*[[Ajay Sharma]] as Harsimran
* Heli Daruwala as Neha
*Sakshi Batra as Preeto
*[[Abhidnya Bhave]] as Samyukta
*[[Shraddha Musale]] as Joanna
*[[Lorde]] as Amanpreet
* Jitendra Trehan as Geet's father
*Akhlaque Khan as Nikhil
*Priyanka Khandale as Resho

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{SP Shows}}

[[Category:StarPlus original programming]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:2011 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2011 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Indian television shows based on films]]
[[Category:Live action television shows based on films]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian romance television series]]

Siddapur Taluk

2025-05-28T17:04:16Z

Paradigmresume: Added new data

{{Short description|Taluk in Karnataka, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Siddapur Taluk
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Taluk
| image_skyline =Aquifer Map of Siddapur Taluk.pdf
| image_alt =
| image_caption =Map of Siddapur Taluk
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|14.347|N|74.894|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malenadu]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Uttara Kannada district|Uttara Kannada]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarter
| seat = [[Siddapura, Uttara Kannada|Siddapura]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 564
| population_total = 97,322
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| demographics1_title2 = Dialect
| demographics1_info2 = '''Sirsi Kannada'''
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 581 355
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08389
| registration_plate = KA 31 [[Sirsi, Karnataka|Sirsi]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Siddapur or Siddhapura Taluk''' is the destination of world famous [[Jog Falls]]. It is a part of [[Uttara Kannada]] district, [[Karnataka]], India and is located in the midst of forest areas of [[Western Ghats]] and it is also a part of [[Malenadu]]. The taluk is full of greenery, hills and [[arecanut]] gardens developed in the valleys’. The taluk headquarters is [[Siddapura, Uttara Kannada|Siddapur]]. [[Sirsi, Karnataka|Sirsi]] is the nearest city,

==Demography==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> the main town Siddapur had a population of 14,049. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49% and has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 88%, and female literacy is 82%. In Siddapur, 11% of the population is under 6  years of age.pure [[Kannada]] is the widely spoken language which includes [Havyaka] a sub language of Kannada and other language spoken is [[Konkani language|Konkani]].

==Economy==
{{Unsourced|section|date=January 2021}}
Siddapur taluk is full of forests and hills and arecanut is mainly grown in the valleys in between forests. The other crops grown are arecanuts, paddy, coconut, pineapple, pepper, vanilla etc. [[Coffee]] is also grown in certain pockets of the Taluk. Industrial activity is minimal and restricted to a small number of Rice mills, supari manufacturing units etc.

== Transport ==
Siddapur Taluk is connected by road only, and the main means of transport are the state-owned [[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]] and certain private bus companies. The Taluk headquarters and villages of the taluk are connected by road to [[Karwar]], [[Sirsi, Karnataka|Sirsi]], [[Kumta]], [[Bhatkal]], [[Sagara, Karnataka|Sagar]], [[Shimoga]], [[Bangalore]], [[Mysore]], [[Hubli]], etc.

The nearest railway station is [[Talaguppa]] (18 km) towards Shimoga, Mysore, Bangalore, Chennai, Hydrabad and [[Kumta]] (68 km) towards Karwar, Goa, Mumbai, Pune, Mangalore and Kerala. Nearest airport is Hubli Airport towards [[Bangalore]] and [[Mumbai]], which is about 120 km. from Siddapur.

==Art and culture==

{{main|Yakshagana}}

[[File:Kereetadavesha.jpg|left|thumb|Yakshagana artist with Kirita depicts King]]

All over Siddapur Taluk, [[Yakshagana]], a classical dance drama popular in the state of Karnataka, is practiced regularly and 'badagu thittu' form of the art has its own style in entire Uttara Kannada district.

Some festivals are celebrated in different ways. "Holi Hunnive" also known as "Kamana Habba" is celebrated on full moon day. Effigies/statues of Rati and Manmatha are placed at different places on the 14th day, i.e. Chaturdashi and burnt on Poornina, Full Moon day and people bathe in colour waters. Deepawali - festivals of lights is celebrated with people burning torches made of long -soft wood called "Pundi kattu" and hoisting paper made lanterns called "Aakaash Butti". main festival is actually ganesh chaturti and deepavali of Hindu religion.

==Religious places==

===Temples===
Kondli Sri Marikamba Temple Situated at Haladakatta, Siddapur and Kondli Sri Kalikamba Temple, Sri Vinayak Temple Honnegundi, Sri Renukamba Temple Chandragutti (15 km from Siddapur)[[Shri Shaneshwara temple bedkani|, Shri Shaneshwara temple]] and [[Hanuman Temple Bedkan]]<nowiki/>i (5 km from Siddapur), Sri Bhuvaneshwari Temple Bhuvanagiri are very old and famous temples here.
Further Sri Laxmi-Venkatesh Temple, Sri Vittal-Rukmini Mandir, Sringeri sri sharadha Temple Hosuru, Sri Shiv Mandir also situated here.

The famous 'Marikamba Jaathre' held on Maribail Kondli, commemorating the goddess Marikamba is held by the temple authorities once in every 5 year. Nearly a lakh devotees from all parts of the country attend the fair, making it one of the biggest festivals in the region.
In the heart of the town there are three more temples one Sri Ganapati Temple, one Maruti Temple newar{{typo help inline|reason=similar to near|date=June 2022}} Chandraghatgati Patanganaa and one Shiva Temple which is very old and dilapidated condition. The Ganapati Temple has a stone inscription which depicts the history of the temple.

Basavanna (Bull) Temple is located in the heart of Siddapura Town. Every year grand Jatra (annual fair) festival will be held during Magha Hunnime ( Normally comes in the month of February). People all across villages of the Siddapur taluk and neighbour taluk arrive for this Jatra.

===Mosques===
Jamiya Masjid is located in Siddapur, the taluk headquarters.

===Churches===
[[Holy Rosary Catholic Church, Ravindranagar]] is situated in Ravindranagar, Siddapur.

===Mutt===
Sri Murughamutt, a Veerashaiva - Lingayat Mutt is located in Basavanna Galli, Siddapur, the taluk headquarters.

==Banking/Finance facilities==

Several villages and taluk headquarters have banking facilities of Nationalized Banks and certain financial institutions are also functioning in the taluk.

==Special sweet dishes in Siddapur==
Jack-fruit and banana chips, Fresh Sugarcane juice are special.
Kadubu: The main ingredients are jackfruit pulp and jaggery. The batter is prepared and with some additional ingredients, the batter is put into a container and steamed. The dessert is a local delicacy and is served hot with ghee.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=A sugarcane juice fair to revive interest in products, cultivation|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/a-sugarcane-juice-fair-to-revive-interest-in-products-cultivation/article26457780.ece|access-date=2021-05-21|website=|date=7 March 2019|language=en}}</ref>

[[Hollige|Holge]]: Well these are not similar to pancakes but one could say that these are the sweet equivalents of tortillas. One variant is made with gram flour and jaggery while the other is made with coconuts.

Todadevu : It is a special kind of thin crust dosa made out of jaggery/sugarcane juice.

==Villages==


*[[Kondli]]
*[[Charekone]]
*[[Kavanchuru , @ Kavachuru]]
*[[Hittalakoppa]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Uttara Kannada}}

[[Category:Taluks of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Geography of Uttara Kannada district]]

K. Devaraji

2025-05-21T13:15:43Z

Paradigmresume: Created Entry

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. Devaraji
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 12 May 2021
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Jolarpet Assembly constituency|Jolarpet]]
| party = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| predecessor = [[K.C. Veeramani]]
| successor = [[K.C. Veeramani]]
}}

'''K. Devaraji''' is an Indian politician who is a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was elected from [[Jolarpet Assembly constituency|Jolarpet]] as a [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211222095630/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC049.pdf |url= https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC049.pdf|access-date= 29 Apr 2022 |archive-date=22 Dec 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jolarpet Election Result |url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a049|access-date= 29 Apr 2022}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oneindia.com/jolarpet-assembly-elections-tn-49/ |title=Jolarpet Assembly election results (2021) |access-date=29 Apr 2022}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Jolarpet Assembly constituency}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Jolarpet Assembly constituency|2021}}}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devaraji, K}}
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{DMK-politician-stub}}
{{TamilNadu-politician-stub}}

Jugal Kishore (UP politician)

2025-02-07T22:19:39Z

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#REDIRECT [[Jugal Kishore (Uttar Pradesh politician)]]

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Kattoor, Alappuzha

2024-12-27T15:14:05Z

Paradigmresume: quick update

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kattoor
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = ml
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|9|34|0|N|76|18|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 688546
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0477
| registration_plate = KL-04
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Alappuzha]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Alappuzha
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Alappuzha
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kattoor''' is a coastal village in Aryad Block [[Alappuzha district]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It is under Mararikulam south panchayath. Located 8 km towards North from Alappuzha and 3 km from Aryad. '''Kattoor''' is surrounded by Alappuzha Block at South, [[Kanjikkuzhi|Kanjikkuzhy]] Block at North, Cherthala Block at North, Champakulam Block at South.

== Schools ==
The '''Holy Family Higher Secondary School''' is basically a government aided school is run by Holy Family Visitation Congregation Convent, Kattoor under the guide ship of Alleppey Diocese Corporate Management for Schools. It is one of the 3 Higher Secondary Schools run by the Corporate Management. The school has a history of more than 90 years of service to bring up education, culture and economy of this coastal village. Basically, the medium of instruction in this school is Malayalam. Because of intense desire of parents to improve their children's English Language ability and to compete in a global education and employment market, the management of school began medium of instruction and learning as English in a few divisions in each standards. As well as, a new School accredited to Central Board of Secondary Education is started along with the school.

School's alumni's are now excelling in their own careers. Many politicians, professionals such as doctors, engineers, technologists, business men, business administrators, medical professionals etc., who are products of this school are working different parts of globe.

The importance given to the co-curricular and extra- curricular activities is being appreciated by the public.

==Hospitals==
* Holy Family Hospital
* Government Homoeo Dispensary
* Government Veterinary Hospital

==Temple==
* Panackal Sree Mahadevi Temple
* Kurikkassery Ambalam (Temple)
* Karakkal Ambalam (Temple)
* Hanumanswami temple

==Church==
* St. Michael's Forane Church -
* St. Vicent Pallotti Church
* Kristhuraja Church, Cheriyapozhi

==Convent==
* Holy Family Convent, Kattoor
* St. Vincent Pallotti Convent, Kattoor

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

{{Alappuzha district}}

[[Category:Villages in Alappuzha district]]

{{alappuzha-geo-stub}}

Tanvi Bhatia

2024-12-25T04:10:13Z

Paradigmresume:

{{short description|Indian television actress|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
'''Tanvi Bhatia''' is an Indian [[television]] [[actress]] who started her career as a child artist and later went on to play a lead role in ''[[Gunahon Ka Devta (TV series)|Gunahon Ka Devta]]''.<ref>[http://www.tvshowkeen.com/a/tanvi-bhatia/tvserials.html Tanvi Bhatia in Gunahon Ka Devta]{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Television==
* ''[[Mitwa Phool Kamal Ke]]'' as Bela
* ''[[Gunahon Ka Devta (TV series)|Gunahon Ka Devta]]'' as Arpita Avdhesh Singh Thakur/Pihu Avdhesh Singh Thakur
* ''[[Kehta Hai Dil]]'' as Kiran(Few episodes)
* ''[[Dharam Veer (TV series)|Dharamveer]]'' as Rajkumari Sia

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|3782660}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhatia, Tanvi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-tv-actor-stub}}

Satasai

2024-07-14T21:15:02Z

Paradigmresume: Added details

{{Short description|Work by 17th century Hindi poet Bihari}}
The '''''Satasai (Satsai)''''' or '''Bihari Satsai''' (Seven Hundred Verses of Bihari) is a famous work of the early 17th century by the [[Hindi]] poet [[Bihari (poet)|Bihārī]], in the [[Braj Bhasha]] dialect of Hindi spoken in the [[Braj]] region of northern [[India]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190119132725/http://publicationsdivision.nic.in/Hindi-Roman/Sub-Wise/HRA19.HTM Bihari Satsai]</ref> It contains [[Doha (poetry)|Dohas]], or couplets, on [[Bhakti]] (devotion), Neeti (Moral policies) and [[Shringara]] (love).{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}

An important work in the Ritikavya Kaal or Ritikaal{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} of [[Hindi literature]],{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} the Satsai is today celebrated in paintings in various Indian miniature styles, particularly in the [[Kangra painting|Kangra]] style,<ref>[http://www.goloka.com/docs/bihari/about_bihari.html Kangra Paintings of the Bihari Sat Sai] National Museum, New Delhi, 1966.</ref> as is the case with [[Jayadeva]]'s [[Gita Govinda]].

==Origin==
[[Image:Bihari.jpeg|frame|''The Poet Bihārī Offers Homage to [[Radha]] and [[Krishna]]'']]

The story of the origin of the 'Bihari Satsai' is rather intriguing. When Raja [[Jai Singh I]] (ruled. 1611–1667), of [[Amber, India|Amber]], near Jaipur, heard Bihari at the court of the Mughal Emperor [[Shahjahan]], he invited Bihari to Amber.

Later Raja Jai Singh married a young wife and, lost in her love, didn't step out of his harem for over a year, also neglecting his state duties and his other wives. That was when his ministers and his senior wife coaxed Bihari to send the following couplet to him hidden amidst the flower petals meant for the Maharaja's bed:

"Nahin paraga nahin madhur madhu
nahin vikasa yahi kal
ali kali hi saun bandhyau
again kaun haval."

"There is no pollen; there is no sweet honey;
nor yet has the blossom opened.
If the bee is enamoured of the bud,
who can tell what will happen
when she is a full-blown flower."

Reading these lines in the morning, the Raja was immediately brought back to his senses. Later he asked Bihari to write a couplet for him every day, and in turn he would reward the poet with a gold coin each time. Seven hundred verses later, the Raja asked that his verses be compiled in book form; hence the collection of the 'Bihari Satsai' was born out of a poet's need to impress his patron and a state's need to have its king back from the quagmire of sensual pleasure.<ref>[http://www.goloka.com/docs/bihari/about_bihari.html Bihari Satsai origin]</ref>

==The Text==
Although the Satsai is available in many recensions, the Ratnakara edition of 1924, containing 713 couplets, is most widely accepted <ref>बिहारी-रत्नाकर,श्रीजगन्नाथदास "रत्नाकर",बी.ए., वाराणसी: ग्रन्थ-कार, नवीन संसकरण 4, 1965.</ref>

The literary background of the Satsai contains many Indian literary and poetic traditions, including a tradition of self-contained single-verse poems, a tradition of rhythmic stanzas originally inserted into larger works and later collected in anthologies, and a tradition of poetics borrowed from [[Sanskrit Literature]]. The latter tradition is most important, for, as India's "poet's poet" and foremost representative of the Riti Period of [[Hindi Literature]], Bihari made extensive use of the traditional rhetorical figures of sense and sound called [[Alamkaras]] to embellish his couplets and provide them with much hidden meaning.
[[File:Anonymous - Illustration from a manuscript of the Satasai of Bihari - 2001.138.29 - Yale University Art Gallery.jpg|thumb|Illustration from a manuscript of the Satasai of Bihari, [[Yale University Art Gallery]]]]
As for subject matter and imagery, the Satsai borrows from the Sanskrit [[Kavya]] tradition, the [[Prakrit]] anthologies and other sources, but in its emphasis on the love of [[Radha]] and [[Krishna]], it has affinities with [[Bengali Vaishnava poetry]].

The majority of the couplets deal with love, presenting a visual portrayal of a heroine or hero (nayika or nayak) in separation from or in union with a lover. Of 713 couplets, 315 include at least one word and often several words related to the visual sense, such as "eyes," "glances," "saw," or "looking". In the rare descriptions of physical love or encounter, an overall visual image of the eyes themselves dominates:

320. As if drawing me with her glance, she looked, lazily went inside, /
And the deer-eyed one's eyes made a desire to peer again arise.

464. Seeing the husband's hand-army rush to raze the cover, /
Shyness stayed hidden in the fortress of eyes within the forest of lashes.

Related to the visual theme is an imagery of light and fire, particularly of the "fires
of separation":

553. Flaming from parting's fire, flowing with the fluid of the eyes, /
On a sigh's wind, twenty-four hours a day, her heart flies.

Thus, although in one sense a devotional work, the couplets are meant to be judged mainly as
expressions of poetic virtuosity and secondarily as expressions of devotion and love. Many
of the couplets exhibit an aggressive tone different from the reverential attitude of the earlier [[Bhakti]] or devotional works:

71. How long I've humbly called you, Syam, but you give no relief; /
The world-wind has caught you, too, O world-guru, world-chief!

The didactic couplets express values one might expect of a poet in an era of patronage.
In the following couplet, Bihari is concerned that each person should seek his own proper environment:

276. The very name urbane is scorned and mocked by all; /
Gone to the vulgar village, all pride and merit fall.

The historical period of Bihari (1595–1664) was a time of increased contact between the [[Hindu]] and [[Muslim]], or the [[Rajput]] and Turko-Persian, traditions, and Bihari was supported by one of the foremost Hindu nobles of the Mughal court. As a result, the prestige of [[Persian Literature]] influenced the Hindu poet in his selection of non-Persian literary traditions, and there was a simultaneous interest of both [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]] poets in similar aspects of their respective traditions—particular themes and imagery, the couplet form, poetic figures and alliteration. Although outwardly a Hindu work, the Satsai embodies much that is Mughal in spirit.
.<ref>Holland, Barron, "The Satsai of Bihari: Hindi poetry of the early Riti Period: Introduction, Translation, and Notes". Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1969. 394 pp.
University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Order Nr. 70-17.578, and Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol. XXXI, No. 4, 1970</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/search?q=au%3A+Viha%CC%84ri%CC%84+La%CC%84la&qt=hot_author Various works based on Bihari Satsai]

[[Category:17th-century poems]]
[[Category:Hindi poetry collections]]