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Utsav Lal

2026-05-06T22:52:50Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): Added post!

{{short description|Musician (b. 1992)}}

'''Utsav Lal''' (Hindi: उत्सव लाल; born August 18, 1992) is an Indian [[pianist]], [[Teacher|educator]], [[composer]], and performing musician. Based in [[Brooklyn, New York]], his work on the piano has been influenced by [[Dhrupad]] and [[Indian classical music]].

== Education ==
Utsav Lal holds a Bachelors in Jazz from the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland]], Glasgow<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/courses/mmus-ma-jazz/|title=MMus/MA Jazz|website=Royal Conservatoire of Scotland}}</ref> and a Masters in Contemporary Improvisation from the [[New England Conservatory of Music]], Boston.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aimrec.com/utsav-lal|title=Utsav Lal|website=AIMREC Record Label - The Home of Indian Classical and World Fusion Music}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/boston/article/New-England-Conservatorys-Contemporary-Musical-Arts-Program-Shines-a-Spotlight-on-Alumni-20230526|title=New England Conservatory's Contemporary Musical Arts Program Shines a Spotlight on Alumni|first=Stephi|last=Wild|website=BroadwayWorld.com}}</ref>

==Career==
Lal has performed piano concerts with a repertoire of Indian ragas at [[Carnegie Hall]], New York,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/utsav-lal-anurag-harsh-to-perform-at-carnegie-hall-115040200770_1.html|title=Utsav Lal, Anurag Harsh to perform at Carnegie Hall|date=2 April 2015|publisher=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> [[John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts|John F. Kennedy Center]], Washington DC,<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.kennedy-center.org/artists/l/la-ln/utsav-lal/ | title=Utsav Lal | website=www.kennedy-center.org}}</ref> [[India Habitat Centre]], New Delhi,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-asian-age/20150131/283029758019578|title=Connecting People Through News|via=PressReader}}</ref> [[Konserthuset|KonsertHuset]], Sweden,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mynewsdesk.com/se/goteborgskonserthus/pressreleases/meditativ-musik-och-dans-med-indiska-underbarnet-utsav-lal-340011|title=Meditativ musik och dans med indiska underbarnet Utsav Lal|website=Mynewsdesk.com}}</ref> and [[Southbank Centre]], London.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://forum.pianoworld.com/ubbthreads.php/topics/1294987/raga-pianist-utsav-lal-to-perform-at-london.html | title=Raga Pianist Utsav Lal to perform at London | website=forum.pianoworld.com}}</ref>

Lal won Ireland's [[MAMA Awards|MAMA Award]] (2008) for Multiculturalism in the individual category,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oldweb.metroeireann.com/article/mama-awards-2008-and-this-years,1460|title=Metro Eireann|website=Oldweb.metroeireann.com}}</ref> Yamaha Jazz Scholar award (2014),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theedinburghreporter.co.uk/2014/07/young-scottish-student-wins-prestigious-scholarship/|title=Young Scottish student wins prestigious scholarship|date=27 July 2014|website=Thedinburghreporter.co.uk}}</ref> TiE Aspire Young Indian Achiever Award (2012)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/finance/flipkart-presents-tie-aspire-young-achiever-awards-news-national-mj3wWffaeajsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122172124/http://www.sify.com/finance/flipkart-presents-tie-aspire-young-achiever-awards-news-national-mj3wWffaeajsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2018-11-22|title=Flipkart presents TiE-Aspire Young Achiever awards|website=Sify.com}}</ref> and was named a Young Steinway Artist (2010) by piano-makers, [[Steinway & Sons]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.steinway.com/music-and-artists/young|title=Young Steinway Artists - Steinway & Sons|website=Steinway.com}}</ref>

Indian record label [[Times Music]] released his debut album ''Piano Moods of Indian Ragas'' in 2008. Subsequent album releases are "Ragas Dance off Piano Keys", "Ragas Al Pianoforte",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/ragas-al-pianoforte/398748436|title=Ragas al Pianoforte by Utsav Lal on Apple Music|date=September 23, 2010|via=music.apple.com}}</ref> "Ragas to Reels",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://store.cdbaby.com/cd/utsavlal3|title=♫ Ragas to Reels - Utsav Lal. Listen @cdbaby|website=Store.cdbaby.com}}</ref> and a solo recording of ragas on the "Fluid Piano", released by the "Fluid Piano" tuning label (2016).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dulcimer.co.uk/store/product/the-fluid-piano-utsav-lal-raga-pianist-cd-links-for-download|title=The Fluid Piano - Utsav Lal - Raga Pianist (CD) & links for download|website=Dulcimer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.songlines.co.uk/reviews/review/the-fluid-piano|title=The Fluid Piano|website=Songlines}}</ref> Lal released his sixth album, ''Indian Classical Music on the Piano'',<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://music.amazon.co.uk/albums/B07JZHPNWS | title=Indian Classical Music on the Piano | website=amazon.co.uk}}</ref> featuring tabla player Nitin Mitta in November 2018. He has collaborated with Martin Hayes & Dennis Cahill,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishecho.com/2021/11/iac-has-knocked-it-out-of-the-park|title=IAC has knocked it out of the park|first=Daniel|last=Neely|website=Irish Echo Newspaper}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://journalofmusic.com/news/new-martin-hayes-quartet-open-masters-tradition|title=New Martin Hayes Quartet to Open Masters of Tradition|website=The Journal of Music in Ireland | News, Reviews and Opinion}}</ref> Sam Comerford,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/listen/radionational/archived/dailyplanet/utsav-lal-and-sam-comerford---ragas-to-reels/8088664|title=Utsav Lal and Sam Comerford - 'Ragas to Reels'|date=December 5, 2016|website=ABC Radio National}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aaww.org/curation/live-ragas-to-reels-with-the-irish-arts-center/|title=[LIVE] Ragas to Reels with the Irish Arts Center|date=November 4, 2022}}</ref> Dave Sheridan,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/reviews-1.737583|title=Reviews|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref> Winifred Horan <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishecho.com/2023/11/reverie-road-debut-is-fabulous|title=Reverie Road debut is fabulous|first=Daniel|last=Neely|website=Irish Echo Newspaper}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bostonirish.com/arts/2023/qa-utsav-lal|title=A Q&A with Utsav Lal|first1=Sean|last1=Smith|date=July 24, 2023|website=Boston Irish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/events?_evDiscoveryPath=/event/105795732n-a-special-thursday-concert-with-winifred-horan-and-reverie-road|title=Events|first=The New|last=Times|date=March 6, 2026|website=The New Times}}</ref> and is recognised for his "Ragas to Reels" <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://irishartscenter.org/videos/at-home-with-irish-arts-center-utsav-lal-in-concert|title=At Home With Irish Arts Center: Utsav Lal In Concert - Irish Arts Center|website=irishartscenter.org}}</ref> concert tours that bring together Indian classical music and Traditional Irish music in a piano and flute combination. He has also performed in collaboration with Indian sitar player, Hidayat Hussain Khan,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/utsav-lal-a-brave-new-sonic-world/article7512291.ece|title=Utsav Lal: A brave new sonic world|date=August 7, 2015|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2015/Aug/08/finding-new-melodies-in-the-battle-of-the-notes-796317.html|title=Finding New Melodies in the Battle of the Notes|first=Express News|last=Service|date=August 8, 2015|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> violinist Sharat Chandra Srivastava,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/An-unusual-synthesis/article14576231.ece|title=An unusual synthesis|first=Jyoti|last=Nair|date=18 August 2016|website=Thehindu.com}}</ref> percussionists, Talvin Singh,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/music/symbiosis-of-sound|title=Symbiosis of Sound - in London|website=Time Out London}}</ref> Pt. Samir Chatterjee,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://asiasociety.org/hong-kong/sur-sangam-raga-evening-piano-and-tabla|title=Sur Sangam: A Raga Evening with Piano and Tabla|website=Asia Society}}</ref> and flautist, Rakesh Chaurasia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJMAaXLwhvA|title=Enchanting flute and piano duet - Rakesh Chaurasia, Utsav Lal, Vijay Ghate|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> violinist [[L. Shankar|L.Shankar]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memorable evening of ragas and jazz honors the legacy of Zakir Hussain |url=https://india-herald.com/memorable-evening-of-ragas-and-jazz-honors-the-legacy-of-zakir-hussain-p9245-65.htm |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=india-herald.com}}</ref> violinist [[Kala Ramnath]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fusion First: Utsav Lal joins George Brooks and Kala Ramnath {{!}} San Francisco Classical Voice |url=https://www.sfcv.org/events/sf-swedenborgian-church/fusion-first-utsav-lal-joins-george-brooks-and-kala-ramnath |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=www.sfcv.org}}</ref> and George Brooks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-05 |title=MUSIC: A Symphony of Sound {{!}} George Brooks on the Saxophone and Utsav Lal on the Piano {{!}} Asia Society |url=https://asiasociety.org/hong-kong/events/music-symphony-sound-george-brooks-saxophone-and-utsav-lal-piano |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=asiasociety.org |language=en}}</ref>

Lal has conducted performance workshops at Global Music Institute, India<ref>{{cite web|url=https://insider.in/performance-workshop-by-utsav-lal-june27-2018/event|title=Performance Workshop by Utsav Lal|website=Insider.in}}</ref> and "Breaking Boundaries" workshop series in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/event/free-piano-workshop-breaking-boundaries-with-utsav-lal-raga-pianist|title=Free Piano Workshop - 'Breaking Boundaries' with Utsav Lal 'Raga Pianist'|website=Radioandmusic.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Films with music composed by Utsav Lal |url=https://letterboxd.com/composer/utsav-lal/ |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=letterboxd.com |language=en}}</ref>

Lal is the composer for feature film ''[[Olivia (2025 film)|Olivia]]'', directed by Argentine filmmaker Sofía Petersen. The film, a co-production between Argentina, UK and Spain, premiered at the 78th Locarno Film Festival in August 2025 and earned four nominations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=British Council UK Films Database: Olivia |url=https://filmsandfestivals.britishcouncil.org/projects/olivia |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=filmsandfestivals.britishcouncil.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Films with music composed by Utsav Lal |url=https://letterboxd.com/composer/utsav-lal/ |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=letterboxd.com |language=en}}</ref>

Lal is the composer/performer for One Beautiful Thing by Australian circus arts theatre company CIRCA, debuting for AsiaTOPA Festival at the Arts Centre Melbourne in February 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cathcart |first=Presented byMichael |date=2017-02-13 |title=Circa's One Beautiful Thing |url=https://www.abc.net.au/listen/radionational/archived/booksandarts/circas-one-beautiful-thing/8254640 |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=ABC Radio National |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Iyer |first=Nithya |date=2017-02-17 |title=Review: One Beautiful Thing |url=https://peril.com.au/topics/reviews/review-one-beautiful-thing/ |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=Peril magazine |language=en-AU}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan area]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/utsav-lal-a-brave-new-sonic-world/article7512291.ece|title=Utsav Lal: A brave new sonic world|first=Allan Moses|last=Rodricks|date=7 August 2015|access-date=17 January 2019|website=Thehindu.com}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-achievers-meet-utsav-lal-indias-youngest-raga-pianist/20130611.htm|title=Meet Utsav Lal, India's youngest raga pianist|website=Rediff.com|access-date=17 January 2019}}
* {{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/504297/keys-success.html|title=The keys to success|date=3 October 2015|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=17 January 2019}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/delhi-to-dublin-ragas-to-reels/story-mQk6urRPYjQyQju8SSdsaI.html|title=Delhi to Dublin, ragas to reels|date=8 January 2011|website=Hindustantimes.com/|access-date=17 January 2019}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-ragas-to-reels-music-concert-when-indian-classical-music-meets-traditional-irish-music-1973435|title=Ragas to Reels music concert: When Indian classical music meets traditional Irish music|date=29 March 2014|website=Dnaindia.com|access-date=17 January 2019}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/just-talk/indian-classical-music-most-evolved-form-musical-expression-utsav-lal|title=Indian Classical Music is the most evolved form of musical expression: Utsav Lal|website=Radioandmusic.com|access-date=17 January 2019}}
* {{cite web|url=http://goastreets.com/soul-stirring-indo-irish-music-goa/|title=Soul-Stirring Indo-Irish Music in Goa -|website=Goastreets.com|access-date=17 January 2019}}
* {{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/356296/a-note-worthy-talent.html|title=A 'note' worthy talent|date=10 September 2013|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=17 January 2019}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.toledoblade.com/a-e/music-theater-dance/2018/07/26/Jazz-scholar-brings-Indian-music-to-Toledo/stories/20180726007|title=Jazz scholar brings Indian music to Toledo|newspaper=[[Toledo Blade]]|access-date=17 January 2019}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lal, Utsav}}
[[Category:Indian pianists]]
[[Category:Indian classical pianists]]
[[Category:Musicians from Brooklyn]]
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century classical pianists]]
[[Category:21st-century male pianists]]

Recognition of same-sex unions in Uttar Pradesh

2026-05-05T18:37:06Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor):

{{Short description|none}} 
{{SSM|minimal}}

[[Uttar Pradesh]] does not recognise [[same-sex marriage]]s or [[civil union]]s. However, [[Cohabitation|live-in relationships]] are not unlawful in Uttar Pradesh. The [[Supreme Court of India|Indian Supreme Court]] has held that adults have a constitutional right to live together without being married, and that police cannot interfere with consenting adults living together. The [[Allahabad High Court]] has upheld this constitutional right in multiple [[writ]] petitions, notably ''[[Sultana Mirza v. State of Uttar Pradesh]]'' in 2020 and ''[[Poonam Rani v. State of Uttar Pradesh]]'' in 2021. However, in 2022 the High Court dismissed a case seeking to legalise same-sex marriage.

==Legal history==
===Background===
[[Marriage]] in [[India]] is governed under several federal laws. These laws allow for the solemnisation of marriages according to different religions, notably Hinduism, [[Christianity in Uttar Pradesh|Christianity]], and [[Islam in Uttar Pradesh|Islam]]. Every citizen has the right to choose which law will apply to them based on their community or religion. These laws are the ''[[Hindu Marriage Act, 1955]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bokakhat.gov.in/pdf/The_hindu_marriage_act.pdf|title=Hindu Marriage Act, 1955|work=bokakhat|accessdate=September 5, 2022}}</ref> which governs matters of marriage, separation and divorce for Hindus, [[Jainism in Uttar Pradesh|Jains]], Buddhists and Sikhs, the ''[[The Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872|Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872 |url=https://lawyerslaw.org/the-indian-christian-marriage-act-1872/ |website=lawyerslaw.org |access-date=4 June 2018}}</ref> and the ''[[Muslim personal law in India|Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1937-26.pdf|title= Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937|accessdate=September 6, 2022|work=legislative.gov.in}}</ref> In addition, the ''Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936'' and the ''Anand Marriage Act, 1909'' regulate the marriages of Parsis and Sikhs.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/2476/1/a1936_____3.pdf|title=Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936|work=www.indiacode.nic.in|accessdate=September 6, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1909-07.pdf|title=Anand Marriage Act, 1909|work=legislative.gov.in|accessdate=September 6, 2022}}</ref> The ''[[Special Marriage Act, 1954]]'' (SMA) allows all Indian citizens to marry regardless of the religion of either party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1387/5/HH1954-43.pdf|language=hi|title=विशेष वििाह अविवियम, 1954|work=India Code|access-date=14 December 2025}}</ref> Marriage officers appointed by the government may solemnise and register marriages contracted under the SMA, which are registered with the state as a civil contract. The act is particularly popular among [[Interfaith marriage|interfaith couples]], [[Inter-caste marriage|inter-caste couples]], and spouses with [[Atheism|no religious beliefs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1954-43_1.pdf|title=The Special Marriage Act, 1954|work=legislative.gov|accessdate=September 5, 2022}}</ref> None of these acts explicitly bans [[same-sex marriage]].

On 14 February 2006, the [[Supreme Court of India]] ruled in ''Smt. Seema v. Ashwani Kumar'' that the [[States and union territories of India|states and union territories]] are obliged to register all marriages performed under the federal laws. The court's ruling was expected to reduce instances of [[child marriage]]s, [[bigamy]], [[domestic violence]] and unlawful abandonment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://legal-wires.com/case-study/case-study-smt-seema-v-ashwin-kumar-case/|title= Case Study: Smt Seema v. Ashwin Kumar|date=21 October 2022|work=Legal Wires}}</ref> In 2017, the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|state government]] published the ''Uttar Pradesh Marriage Registration Rules, 2017''. The measure provides for the registration of all marriages solemnised in Uttar Pradesh irrespective of the religion of the parties. It created local registrars of marriages, which shall issue [[Marriage license|marriage certificates]] upon reception of memorandums of marriage filed by the spouses. The registrar may refuse to issue the license if the parties fail to meet the requirements to marry under the national law of their religion or community. The measure does not explicitly prohibit same-sex marriages. Previously, Hindu marriages were registered under the ''Uttar Pradesh Hindu Marriage Registration Rules, 1973'', but the enactment of a uniform compulsory marriage registration law stalled due to opposition from the Muslim community. Prior to 2017, Uttar Pradesh had been one of only two states not to have enacted compulsory marriage regulations, along with [[Nagaland]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/yogi-govt-makes-marriage-registration-mandatory/articleshow/59871526.cms|title= Yogi Adityanath government makes marriage registration mandatory|work=The Times of India|date=2 August 2017}}</ref>

Most marriages ({{langx|hi|विवाह}}, {{transliteration|hi|vivāh}}, {{IPA|hi|ʋɪˈʋaːɦ|pron}}; {{langx|ur|نِکاح}}, {{transliteration|sd|nikāh}}, {{IPA|ur|nɪˈkaːɦ|pron}}) in Uttar Pradesh are [[Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent|arranged]]. Arranged marriage remains the prevailing norm across India, accounting for the vast majority of unions, and often placing pressure on LGBT individuals to marry partners of the opposite sex. Nevertheless, some same-sex couples have participated in traditional marriage ceremonies, although the marriages lack legal status in Uttar Pradesh. In 2004, two young Muslim men were married in [[Ghaziabad]], but were physically assaulted by family members when it was reported that they intended to continue living together.<ref name="supriyowrit">{{cite web|url=https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2022/36593/36593_2022_1_1501_47792_Judgement_17-Oct-2023.pdf|website=main.sci.gov.in|page=86|access-date=19 November 2023|title=Supriyo v. Union of India}}</ref> In 2018, a lesbian couple, classmates at a local college, were married at a mass wedding event in [[Agra]] after one of them dressed as male. After being tipped off by another student of the college, the couple's family members urged them to separate. Both women, who insisted on living together, were taken to a local police station, which later chose not to take any action against the couple.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/same-sex-marriage-agra-sees-different-love-story-666161.html|title=Same sex marriage: Agra sees a different love story|date=23 April 2018|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/lesbian-couple-marries-at-mass-wedding-in-up/articleshow/63879977.cms|title=Same sex marriage: Agra sees a different love story|work=The Times of India|date=23 April 2018|first=Sanjay|last=Pandey}}</ref> In December 2018, two women applied to marry at the local registrar's office in [[Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh|Hamirpur]], but officials refused to register the union citing lack of relevant legal provisions.<ref name="Pink News">{{Cite news|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2019/01/02/lesbians-india-divorce-husbands-marry|title= Two lesbians in India divorce husbands to marry each other|work=PinkNews|date=2 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/uttar-pradesh-two-women-get-married-in-hamirpur-demand-social-recognition-3502493/|work=India Today|date=30 December 2018|title=Uttar Pradesh: Two Women Get ‘Married’ in Hamirpur; Demand Social Recognition}}</ref> Additionally, in June 2019 two women in [[Muzaffarnagar]] asked for police protection from their families in order to be allowed to marry.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lesbian-couple-uttar-pradesh-village-seeks-police-protection-marry-1552734-2019-06-20|title= Lesbian couple in Uttar Pradesh village seeks police protection to marry|date=20 June 2019|work=India Today}}</ref>

===Live-in relationships===
{{Infobox subdivision type
|name=[[Recognition of same-sex unions in India]]
|map={{Same-sex marriage in India|width=300}}
}}

[[Cohabitation|Live-in relationships]] ({{langx|hi|सहवास संबंध}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/blogs/rekha-garg/live-in-relationship-consider-an-insecure-cohabitation-4943389.html|language=hi|work=Hindi News18|title=Live in Relationship: असुरक्षित सहजीवन पर विचार करें|first=Rekha|last=Garg}}</ref> {{transliteration|hi|sahvās sambandh}}, {{IPA|hi|ˈsəɦʋaːs ˈsəmbə̃ndʱ|pron}}, or {{lang|hi|लिव-इन रिलेशनशिप}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jansatta.com/explained/what-is-live-in-relationship-what-is-the-legal-rights-of-unmarried-couples-in-india/2493993/|title=क्या होता है लिव-इन रिलेशनशिप, भारत में इसे लेकर क्या है कानून?|language=hi|date=18 November 2022|first=Ankit|last=Raj|work=Jansatta}}</ref> {{transliteration|hi|liv-in rileśanśip}}; {{langx|ur|اکٹھے رہنے کا تعلق}}, {{transliteration|ur|akathē rahnē kā ta'alluq}}) are not illegal in Uttar Pradesh. The Indian Supreme Court has held that adults have a constitutional right to live together without being married, that police cannot interfere with consenting adults living together, and that live-in relationships are not unlawful. State courts have upheld this constitutional right, and further ruled that if a couple faces threats from family or the community they may request police protection. However, live-in relationships do not confer all the legal rights and benefits of marriage.

The [[Allahabad High Court]] has issued two judgments regarding same-sex live-in relationships. Citing the Supreme Court's ruling in ''[[Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India]]'', which decriminalized [[homosexuality]] in India in 2018, the High Court held in November 2020 that [[sexual orientation]] constitutes an inherent aspect of the constitutional rights to liberty, dignity, privacy, personal autonomy and equality. Further, it affirmed that the courts must protect same-sex couples from [[discrimination]], emphasizing constitutional morality over popular norms, and ordered police protection for couples facing family interference and harassment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Allahabad HC Asks Shamli SP To Give Protection To a Same-Sex Couple |url=https://thewire.in/rights/allahabad-hc-shamli-sp-protection-to-same-sex-couple |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Quint |first=The |date=2020-11-04 |title='Duty Bound': HC Asks Cops to Give Protection to Same-Sex Couple |url=https://www.thequint.com/neon/gender/duty-bound-hc-asks-cops-to-give-protection-to-same-sex-couple |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite court|litigants=Sultana Mirza & Anr. v. State Of Uttar Pradesh & Ors.|court=[[Allahabad High Court]]|pinpoint=WRIT-C. No. 17394 of 2020|date=2 November 2020|url=https://www.newsclick.in/sites/default/files/2020-11/Allahabad-High-Court-Order_LGBTQ_Police-Protection.pdf}}</ref> The High Court reiterated this precedent in January 2021 in ''[[Poonam Rani v. State of Uttar Pradesh]]'', recognizing the right of same-sex couples to live together as an inherent part of liberty and dignity guaranteed by [[Article 21 of the Constitution of India|Article 21 of the Constitution]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://translaw.clpr.org.in/case-law/589/|title= Poonam Rani v. State of Uttar Pradesh|work=South Asian Translaw Database|accessdate=30 September 2023}}</ref> Both [[writ]] petitions were filed by same-sex partners who sought protection against threats to their lives by family members and the community. Additionally, the verdict in ''Poonam Rani'' explicitly highlighted the legal right of live-in same-sex couples to equal protection under the law.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Upadhyay |first=Sparsh |date=2021-01-28 |title=Same-Sex Couple Facing Discrimination:Allahabad High Court Calls It 'Stark Reality Of Society', Grants Them Protection |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/same-sex-couple-facing-discrimination-allahabad-high-court-protection-169054 |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite court|litigants=Poonam Rani v. State of Uttar Pradesh|court=[[Allahabad High Court]]|pinpoint=WRIT-C No. 1213 of 2021|date=20 January 2021|url=https://translaw.clpr.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Poonam_Rani_v_State_of_UP_WRIC_A__1213_2021.pdf}}</ref>

===2022 writ petition===
In April 2022, the Allahabad High Court dismissed a case brought by a Hindu lesbian couple in [[Prayagraj]] who wished to marry under the ''Hindu Marriage Act''. The court also dismissed a ''[[habeas corpus]]'' petition brought by the mother of one of the spouses, who claimed that her daughter had been kidnapped.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/high-court-rejects-plea-by-2-women-over-same-sex-marriage-heres-why-2887141|title= High Court Rejects Plea By 2 Women Over Same-Sex "Marriage". Here's Why|work=NDTV|date=14 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/allahabad-hc-rejects-2-womens-plea-to-recognise-their-marriage|title= Allahabad HC rejects 2 women's plea to recognise their 'marriage'|work=National Herald India|date=14 April 2022}}</ref> The state government intervened politically in the case to signal its opposition to same-sex marriages, "As per the Indian law and culture, a biological husband and wife have are essential for marriage, and only their marriage has been recognised. In their absence, homosexual marriage cannot be recognised as it lacks male and female and neither can they produce children. Marriage is considered important in Hindu law, under which both men and women live together and carry forward the human chain by producing children."<ref>{{cite web|url= https://thelogicalindian.com/lgbtq/up-government-same-sex-marriage-35016|title= UP Govt Opposes Same-Sex Marriage, Calls It 'Against Indian Culture' At Allahabad High Court|work=The Logical Indian|date=15 April 2023}}</ref>

===Transgender and intersex issues===
Like most of [[South Asia]], Uttar Pradesh recognizes a traditional [[third gender]] community known as ''[[Hijra (South Asia)|hijra]]'' ({{lang|hi|हिजड़ा}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/gk/hijra-festival-in-pakistan-2025-and-list-of-countries-celebrating-transgender-and-lgbtq-pride-festivals-around-the-world-3036589|language=hi|date=31 October 2025|title=Hijra Festival: पाकिस्तान में मनाया जाता है हिजड़ा फेस्टिवल, जानें किन-किन देशों में होता है ऐसा त्योहार?|work=abp live}}</ref> {{lang|ur|ہِجڑا}}, {{transliteration|hi|hijṛā}}), historically holding respected community roles, and known for their distinct culture, communities led by [[gurus]], and traditional roles as performers. The Supreme Court's 2023 ruling in ''[[Supriyo v. Union of India]]'' held that the [[Constitution of India|Indian Constitution]] does not require the legalisation of same-sex marriages but affirmed that transgender people may marry opposite-sex partners.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://articles.manupatra.com/article-details/Legal-Progression-Social-Implications-Case-Comment-on-Supriyo-Chakraborty-Anr-v-Union-Of-India|title="Legal Progression & Social Implications Case Comment on Supriyo Chakraborty & Anr v. Union Of India"|work=Manupatra|date=27 May 2024|first1=Rajeev Pratap|last1=Singh Bhutyal|first2=Swasti|last2=Arya}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/urdu/articles/cjk78k44jz6o|language=ur|work=BBC News|title=انڈین سپریم کورٹ نے ہم جنس پرستوں کی شادی قانونی قرار دینے کی اپیل مسترد کر دی، ’پارلیمان شادی سے متعلق قوانین وضع کرے‘|date=17 October 2023}}</ref> In December 2014, media outlets reported the story of a woman who "changed her gender" in order to marry her partner in [[Kannauj]]. It is unclear if the woman was transgender, but media reported that she underwent a gender change operation to avoid her "family's fear of social disgrace over a same-sex marriage".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/same-sex-couple-in-uttar-pradesh-gets-sex-change-to-get-married-7298370|title=Same-Sex Couple In Uttar Pradesh Gets Gender Change To Get Married|date=21 December 2024|work=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/uttar-pradesh-woman-changes-her-gender-to-become-a-man-and-marry-lady-lover/cid/2072462|title=Uttar Pradesh: Woman changes her gender to become a man and marry lady lover|work=The Telegraph|date=21 December 2014}}</ref>

In 2021, a man in [[Kanpur]] filed a lawsuit against his in-laws accusing them of misleading him into marrying a transgender woman.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/kanpur-man-files-fir-against-his-in-laws-for-misleading-him-to-marry-a-transgender/articleshow/83725315.cms|title=Uttar Pradesh: Kanpur Man Files FIR Against His In-Laws For Misleading Him To Marry A Transgender|work=The Times of India|date=21 June 2021}}</ref>

==Public opinion==
According to a 2019 report titled "Politics and Society Between Elections 2019", published by the [[Azim Premji#Azim Premji Foundation|Azim Premji Foundation]] and the [[Centre for the Study of Developing Societies]], Uttar Pradesh ranked among the most supportive states and union territories regarding same-sex unions, followed by [[Delhi]] and [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/diu/story/section-377-anniversary-same-sex-relationships-1596408-2019-09-06|title=Section 377 anniversary: Half of country still doesn't approve of same sex relationships|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lokniti.org/media/upload_files/politics-and-society-between-elections-2019-report.pdf|title=Politics and Society Between Elections 2019|work=Lokniti|date=2019}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[LGBT rights in India]]
*[[Recognition of same-sex unions in India]]
*''[[Supriyo v. Union of India]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{LGBT in India}}

[[Category:Recognition of same-sex unions in India by state|Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

List of cities in Punjab, India by population

2026-05-04T02:00:08Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): adding

{{Short description|none}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
This is a list of [[urban agglomeration]]s with a population above 100,000 as per 2011 census and development ranking in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |access-date = 2012-07-07 }}</ref>

'''Punjab'''
{|class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size: 9pt;font-color:red"
|-
!rowspan="1"|Rank
!width="150" rowspan="1"| Name
!width="150" rowspan="1"| District
!rowspan="1"|Image
!rowspan="1"|Type*
!rowspan="1"|Population 2022
!rowspan="1"|Population 2011
!rowspan="1"|Male
!rowspan="1"|Female
!width="90" rowspan="1"|Population below 5 yrs
!width="90" rowspan="1"|Literacy Rate
|-
|align="right"|1
|align=left|[[Ludhiana]]
|align=left|[[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
|[[Image:Dukhniwaran Sahib.jpg|125px]]
|UA
|align="right"|1,917,000<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/21319/ludhiana/population | title=Ludhiana, India Metro Area Population 1950-2022 }}</ref>
|align="right"|1,618,879
|align="right"|950,123
|align="right"|743,530
|align="right"|173,021
|align="right"|85.36
|-
|align="right"|2
|align=left|[[Amritsar]]
|align=left|[[Amritsar district|Amritsar]]
| [[Image:Aerial view of both the Golden Temple and Baba Atal Rai Gurdwara visible behind (cropped).jpg|125px]]
|UA
|align="right"|1,425,000<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/21164/amritsar/population | title=Amritsar, India Metro Area Population 1950-2022 }}</ref>
|align="right"|1,183,705
|align="right"|874,773
|align="right"|739,105
|align="right"|63,238
|align="right"|84.64
|-
|align="right"|3
|align=left|[[Jalandhar]]
|align=left|[[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worldlistmania.com/list-of-largest-cities-in-punjab/ | title=List of Largest Cities in Punjab | date=13 October 2014 }}</ref>]]
| [[Image:JangeAzadi.jpg|125px]]
|UA
|align="right"|1,053,895
|align="right"|873,725
|align="right"|463,975
|align="right"|409,970
|align="right"|84,886
|align="right"|85.46
|-
|align="right"|4
|align=left|[[Patiala]]
|align=left|[[Patiala district|Patiala]]
| [[Image:MotiBaghPalace.jpg|125px]]
|UA
|align="right"|736,305
|align="right"|446,246
|align="right"|236,198
|align="right"|210,048
|align="right"|42,458
|align="right"|89.95
|-
|align="right"|5
|align=left|[[Bathinda]]
|align=left|[[Bathinda]]
| [[Image:Qila Mubarak In 2015.jpg|125px]]
|UA
|align="right"|368,000
|align="right"|285,813
|align="right"|151,782
|align="right"|134,031
|align="right"|30,713
|align="right"|82.84
|-
|align="right"|6
|align=left|[[Mohali]]
|align=left|[[Mohali district|Mohali]]
| [[Image:YPS Junior Wing.JPG|125px]]
|UA
|align="right"|334,205<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiapopulation2019.com/population-of-mohali-2019.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203185818/http://indiapopulation2019.com/population-of-mohali-2019.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=3 December 2018|title=Population of Mohali 2019 | India Population 2019}}</ref>
|align="right"|166,864
|align="right"|87,380
|align="right"|79,484
|align="right"|13,820
|align="right"|91.96
|-
|align="right"|7
|align=left|[[Moga, Punjab|Moga]]
|align=left|[[Moga district|Moga]]
| [[Image:College6.jpg|125px]]
|City
|align="right"|226,973
|align="right"|168,443
|align="right"|88,290
|align="right"|80,153
|align="right"|16,836
|align="right"|89.11
|-
|align="right"|8
|align=left|[[Batala]]
|align=left|[[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]
| [[Image:Batala railway station Entry.jpg|125px]]
|City
|align="right"|198,481
|align="right"|158,404
|align="right"|83,536
|align="right"|74,868
|align="right"|14,943
|align="right"|89.28
|-
|align="right"|9
|align=left|[[Pathankot]]
|align=left|[[Pathankot district|Pathankot]]
| [[Image:Basas1.jpg|125px]]
|UA
|align="right"|195,365
|align="right"|147,875
|align="right"|79,145
|align="right"|68,730
|align="right"|14,734
|align="right"|88.71
|-
|align="right"|10
|align=left|[[Firozpur]]
|align=left|[[Firozpur district|Firozpur]]
| [[Image:Saragarhi Memorial Ferozepur.jpg|125px]]
|City
|align="right"|194456
|align="right"|146,897
|align="right"|79,808
|align="right"|67,089
|align="right"|16,447
|align="right"|81.42
|-
|align="right"|11
|align=left|[[Abohar]]
|align=left|[[Fazilka district|Fazilka]]
| {{n/a}}
|City
|align="right"|175,988
|align="right"|145,238
|align="right"|76,840
|align="right"|68,398
|align="right"|15,870
|align="right"|79.86
|-
|align="right"|12
|align=left|[[Malerkotla]]
|align=left|[[Malerkotla district|Malerkotla]]
| [[Image:Kuka Martyrs Memorial, Malerkotla 1.jpg|125px]]
|City
|align="right"|169,578
|align="right"|135,238
|align="right"|71,401
|align="right"|63,929
|align="right"|16,315
|align="right"|70.25
|-
|align="right"|13
|align=left|[[Khanna, Punjab|Khanna]]
|align=left|[[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
| [[Image:Jain mandir khanna.jpg|125px]]
|City
|align="right"|168,876
|align="right"|128,130
|align="right"|67,811
|align="right"|60,319
|align="right"|13,218
|align="right"|84.43
|-
|align="right"|14
|align=left|[[Phagwara]]
|align=left|[[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]]
| [[Image:Gurdwara sukhchain sahib.jpg|125px]]
|City
|align="right"|167,785
|align="right"|117,954
|align="right"|62,171
|align="right"|55,783
|align="right"|11,622
|align="right"|87.43
|-
| align="right" |15
| align="left" |[[Kapurthala]]
| align="left" |[[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]]
| [[Image:Jagatjit Club.JPG|125px]]
|City
| align="right" |164,745
| align="right" |101,654
| align="right" |55,485
| align="right" |46,169
| align="right" |9,706
| align="right" |85.82
|-
| align="right" |16
| align="left" |[[Rajpura]]
| align="left" |[[Patiala district|Patiala]]
| [[Image:LordShivaStatue-Nalas,Rajpura.jpg|125px]]
|City
| align="right" |162,644
| align="right" |112,193
| align="right" |57,803
| align="right" |54,390
| align="right" |12,841
| align="right" |82.00
|-
| align="right" |18
| align="left" |[[Sri Muktsar Sahib|Muktsar]]
| align="left" |[[Sri Muktsar Sahib district|Muktsar]]
| [[Image:Gurudwara Muktsar Sahib.jpg|125px]]
|City
| align="right" |147,679
| align="right" |117,085
| align="right" |62,005
| align="right" |55,080
| align="right" |13,639
| align="right" |77.31
|-
|align="right"|17
|align=left|[[Hoshiarpur]]
|align=left|[[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]]
|
|City
|align="right"|156,987
|align="right"|110,091
|align="right"|58,401
|align="right"|51,690
|align="right"|11,516
|align="right"|90.75
|-
| align="right" |19
| align="left" |[[Faridkot, Punjab|Faridkot]]
| align="left" |[[Faridkot district|Faridkot]]
| [[Image:Its_pic_of_Govt.Brijindra_College_Faridkot.jpg|125px]]
|City
| align="right" |137,605
| align="right" |110,694
| align="right" |58,485
| align="right" |52,169
| align="right" |9,706
| align="right" |85.82
|-
| align="right" |20
| align="left" |[[Barnala]]
| align="left" |[[Barnala district|Barnala]]
| {{n/a}}
|City
| align="right" |136,874
| align="right" |116,454
| align="right" |62,302
| align="right" |54,152
| align="right" |12,984
| align="right" |79.80
|-
|align="right"|21
|align=left|[[Mukerian]]
|align=left|[[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]]
|
[[Image:Mukerian_railway_station.jpg|125px]]
|City
|align="right"|129,876
|align="right"|89,043
|align="right"|46,931
|align="right"|41,112
|align="right"|9,027
|align="right"|83.54
|-
| colspan="29" align="center" style="font-size: 8pt" |* UA=Urban Agglomeration
|}

==Urban Agglomeration==
In the census of India 2011, an Urban Agglomeration has been defined as follows:<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/1.%20Data%20Highlight.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations and Cities |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011|access-date = 2012-07-23}}</ref>

"An urban agglomeration is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining outgrowths (OGs), or two or more physically contiguous towns together with or without outgrowths of such towns. An Urban Agglomeration must consist of at least a statutory town and its total population (i.e. all the constituents put together) should not be less than 20,000 as per the 2001 Census. In varying local conditions, there were similar other combinations which have been treated
as urban agglomerations satisfying the basic condition of contiguity."

===Constituents of Urban Agglomerations in the Punjab===
The constituents of Urban Agglomerations in the Punjab, with a population of 1 lakh or above, are noted below:<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title = Constituents of urban Agglomerations Having Population 1 Lakh & above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011|access-date = 2012-07-07 }}</ref>

*Amritsar Urban Agglomeration includes Amritsar (M Corp.), Nangli (CT), Mudal (CT), Bara Khankot Doburjee (OG), Village Mule Chak (OG), Abadi Baba Darshan Singh on Ram Tirath Road (OG), Abadi Baba Jiwan Singh on Ram Tirath Road (OG), Abadi along Khairabad on Ram Tirath Road to Ajnala Road (OG), Village Roriwala (OG), Prem Nagar on Ajnala Road (OG), Abadi Mirankot on Ajnala Road (OG), Gumtala Colony on Jagdev Kalan Road (OG), Ranjit Vihar (OG), Naushera Khurd (OG), Parti Vihar (OG), Abadi Naushera (OG), Silver Estate (OG), Krishna Lane (OG), Vill Bhagatpura( Factories on right side of Doburjee G.T Road ) (OG), Abadi Khalsa Nagar near Kot Mit Singh (OG), Village Kuriwal (OG), Thandewala (OG), Basarka Bhaini (Attari Road) (OG), Village Ghumanpura (OG), Joshi Colony, Ram Tirath Road (OG), Raggar Colony, Gali No. 1,2 & 3, and Ram Tirath Road (OG).
*Jalandhar UA includes Jalandhar (M Corp.), [[Khambra]] (CT), Alipur adjacent to Village Mithapur (OG), Nangal Karkhan adjacent to Master Mehnga Singh Colony (OG) and Bidhipur on Amritsar Road (OG).
*Patiala UA includes Patiala (M Corp.), Ranjit Nagar Extension- 1 (OG), Grid Colony PSEB on Bhadson Road (OG), Kheri Gujran (OG), Urban Estate- I (OG), Punjabi University (OG), Urban Estate- II (OG) and Ranjit Nagar Extension- II (OG).
*Mohali UA includes Mohali (M Corp.), Sector - 66 (OG), Sector - 67 (OG), Sector - 68 (OG), Sector - 69 (OG) and Sohana (CT).
*Batala UA includes Batala (M Cl), Bhode- di- Khui (OG) and Kharal (OG).
*Pathankot UA includes Pathankot (M Corp.), Khanpur(OG), Lamin (OG) and Dhaki (CT).
*Moga UA includes Moga (M Corp.), Landeke (Amritsar Road) (OG) and Duneke (Firozpur Road) (OG).
*Phagwara UA includes Phagwara (M Corp.) and Phagwara Sharki (CT).

::Abbreviations: M Corp. = Municipal Corporation, M = Municipality, CT = Census Town, OG = Out Growth, NA = Notified Area, CB = Cantonment Board

==Urban Agglomeration constituents==
Urban Agglomerations constituents with a population above 100,000 as per 2011 census are shown in the table below.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Cities having population 1 lakh and above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |access-date = 2012-03-27}}</ref>

{|class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size: 9pt"
|-
!rowspan="150" rowspan="1"|Urban Agglomeration
!width="150" rowspan="1"| Name of Constituent
!width="150" rowspan="1"| District
!rowspan="1"|Image
!rowspan="1"|Type*
!rowspan="1"|Population 2011
!rowspan="1"|Male
!rowspan="1"|Female
!width="90" rowspan="1"|Population below 5 yrs
!width="90" rowspan="1"|Literacy Rate
|-
|align="left"|[[Amritsar]]
|align="left"|[[Amritsar]]
|align="left"|[[Amritsar district|Amritsar]]
| [[Image:Golden Temple India.jpg|125px]]
|align="left"|M Corp
|align="right"|1,132,761
|align="right"|602,754
|align="right"|530,007
|align="right"|109,540
|align="right"|85.27
|-
|align="left"|[[Jalandhar]]
|align="left"|[[Jalandhar]]
|align="left"|[[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
| [[Image:Pushpa Gujral Science City - Outside View of IMAX Theater.jpg|125px]]
|align="left"|M Corp
|align="right"|862,196
|align="right"|458,015
|align="right"|404,181
|align="right"|83,669
|align="right"|85.50
|-
|align="left"|[[Patiala]]
|align="left"|[[Patiala]]
|align="left"|[[Patiala district|Patiala]]
| [[Image:MotiBaghPalace.jpg|125px]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|445,196
|align="right"|236,238
|align="right"|208,958
|align="right"|42,458
|align="right"|89.95
|-
|align="left"|[[Mohali]]
|align="left"|[[Mohali]]
|align="left"|[[Mohali]]
| [[Image:YPS Junior Wing.JPG|125px]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|146,104
|align="right"|76,441
|align="right"|69,663
|align="right"|13,155
|align="right"|93.22
|-
|align="left"|[[Batala]]
|align="left"|[[Batala]]
|align="left"|[[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]
| [[Image:Batala railway station Entry.jpg|125px]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|151,400
|align="right"|79,459
|align="right"|71,941
|align="right"|14,698
|align="right"|85.49
|-
|align="left"|[[Pathankot]]
|align="left"|[[Pathankot]]
|align="left"|[[Pathankot district|Pathankot]]
| [[Image:Pathankot City.jpg|125px]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|143,357
|align="right"|74,833
|align="right"|68,524
|align="right"|13,496
|align="right"|88.60
|-
|align="left"|[[Moga, Punjab|Moga]]
|align="left"|[[Moga, Punjab|Moga]]
|align="left"|[[Moga district|Moga]]
| [[Image:College6.jpg|125px]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|141,432
|align="right"|73,760
|align="right"|67,672
|align="right"|15,502
|align="right"|82.09
|-
|align="left"|[[Firozpur, Punjab|Firozpur]]
|align="left"|[[Firozpur, Punjab|Firozpur]]
|align="left"|[[Firozpur district|Firozpur]]
| [[Image:Saragarhi Memorial Ferozepur.jpg|125px]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|110,091
|align="right"|58,401
|align="right"|51,690
|align="right"|11,516
|align="right"|79.75
|-
|}

== See also ==

* [[List of cities in Punjab, Pakistan by population]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Clear}}

{{Cities of India}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Punjab, India| ]]
[[Category:Punjab, India-related lists|Cities]]
[[Category:Lists of cities in India by population|Punjab]]

Bar Council of Maharashtra and Goa

2026-05-01T02:30:14Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): Made Entry

{{Short description|Regulatory body for lawyers in parts of India}}

{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Bar Council of Maharashtra and Goa
| type = Statutory body
| nativename_r =
| formed = {{start date and age|1961}}
| headquarters = Mumbai
| chief1_name = Adv. Vivekananda Naikrao Ghatge<ref name="Mahgoa Ref1">{{cite web |title=The Bar Council of Maharashtra and Goa|url=https://www.barcouncilmahgoa.org/v2/members/ |access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref>
| chief1_position = Chairman
| chief2_name = Adv. Uday Prakash Warunjikar
| chief2_position = Vice Chairman
| website = https://www.barcouncilmahgoa.org/v2/members
}}

'''Bar Council of Maharashtra and Goa''' is the regulatory and statutorily representative body for [[lawyers]] practicing law in the states of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Goa]], and the union territory of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]. It was constituted as per the mandatory requirement as per [[Advocates Act, 1961]] and [[Bar Council of India]]. In March 1953, S. R. Das as head of the 'All India Bar Committee', proposed the creation of the apex body as an All-India Bar Council and Bar council at state levels and submitted a report to the Central [[Government of India]]. Members of the Bar Council are elected from among members enrolled and practicing as lawyers practicing law in the states of Maharashtra and Goa, and the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, and they represent the state in Bar Council of India meetings. Bar Council of a place designs standards of [[professional conduct]] to be followed by members, and designs [[etiquette]]s and has the power to enforce disciplinary guidelines over the members of bar council.

== History ==
The Bar Council of Maharashtra and Goa was formed as per the requirement of Section 3 of Advocates Act, 1961 which mandates for each state of India to have its Bar Council. As per the guidelines, the legal profession in India and the standards of legal education would be regulated by the All India Bar Council. The Law Commission of India was suggested to prepare a report on judicial administration reforms in India.

== Functions ==
Section 7 of the Advocates Act, 1961 lays down the regulatory and representative requirements which are mandatory for State Bar Councils. Bar Councils of each place has following functions:<ref name="Him Ref2">{{cite web |title=Welcome to Bar Council of India |url=http://103.25.172.19/bar-council/statebarcouncil-ap.php |website=103.25.172.19 |access-date=24 September 2021}}</ref>

#As a statutory body regulating legal profession and education across state.
#Facilitating the election with rules for members to get elected and manage the Bar Council.
#Forwarding the names of elected members to Bar Council of India for formal approval as members.
#Facilitating the formation of managing committee like Chairman, Vice-Chairman and Treasurer of the Bar.
#Designing the professional behaviours and code to be followed by [[advocate]]s who are its members.
#Lay down guidelines for disciplinary committees and other committees formed by it.
#Supporting with financial aid in case of need.<ref name="bar mah and goa ref 10">{{cite news |last1=Kashyap |first1=Nitish |title=Bar Council Of Maharashtra & Goa Establishes Covid Relief Fund, Appeals To All Senior Advocates & Law Firms To Contribute |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/bar-council-of-maharashtra-goa-establishes-covid-relief-fund-appeals-to-all-senior-advocates-law-firms-to-contribute-162247 |access-date=23 November 2021 |publisher=livelaw.in |date=1 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
#Protecting the advocate members rights, benefits and safeguarding their interests.
#Designing, promoting and supporting [[law reform]] as per changing circumstances.
#Handle and resolve other issues or any matter placed before it by its members in adhoc situations.
#Design and organise [[seminar]]s<ref name="bar mah and goa ref 13">{{cite news |title=Bar Council of Maharashtra to hold 2-day lawyers' conference |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bar-council-of-maharashtra-to-hold-2-day-lawyers-conference/articleshow/46551420.cms |access-date=23 November 2021 |agency=The Economic Times |date=13 March 2015}}</ref> on wide legal topics in the interest of members by reputed [[jurist]]s and publishing them in journals and magazines of legal circles and other sources of media.
#Facilitating [[legal aid]] to those who can't afford it.
#Ensuring that guidelines laid in various legal forums are followed by members.
#Initiating disciplinary action in case of professional misconduct.
#Designing welfare schemes like Insurance for its members.
#Supporting members with emergency services during natural calamities.
#Initiate disciplinary action in case the official premises is used for other than professional purpose.
#Fixing Annual Fee for members for enrolling in Council which includes fees for enrollment and funds towards identity card, building, library, indigent and other welfare schemes<ref name="bar mah and goa ref 15">{{cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Neha |title=Increase in enrolment fees to Bar Council of Maharashtra & Goa challenged before Bombay High Court |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/increase-enrolment-fees-bar-council-of-maharashtra-goa-challenged-bombay-high-court |access-date=23 November 2021 |publisher=Bar and Bench |date=12 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
#Organising regular meeting with local associations enrolled with council.
#Enrolling various bar associations in the state as its associate members.
#Resolving disputes between members within timeframe.
#Initiating disciplinary action against members for not complying to its policies.
#Enrolling newly qualified lawyers into council.<ref name="bar mah and goa ref 14">{{cite news |last1=Gokhale |first1=Omkar |title=No Police verification required for enrolment as Advocate in Maharashtra and Goa [Read Bar Council Letter] |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/no-police-verification-required-to-enrol-as-an-advocate-in-maharashtra-and-goa |access-date=23 November 2021 |publisher=Bar and Bench |date=25 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
#Laying down guidelines to check fake lawyers.<ref name="Magoa bar ref3">{{cite news |title=Bar Council passes resolution to keep fake lawyers out of court |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/bar-council-passes-resolution-to-keep-fake-lawyers-out-of-court/ |access-date=2 October 2021 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=25 October 2011 |language=en}}</ref>
# Arranging of facilities like E-library and internet.<ref name="bar mah and goa ref 12">{{cite news |title=E-Library, internet for Maharashtra, Goa lawyers |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/e-library-internet-for-maharashtra-goa-lawyers/articleshow/3213312.cms |access-date=23 November 2021 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=9 July 2008}}</ref>
# Striving to promote the interests of its members and their families<ref name="bar mah and goa ref 11">{{cite news |last1=Ganjapure |first1=Vaibhav |title=Vaccinate lawyers & their kin: Bar council |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/vaccinate-lawyers-their-kin-bar-council/articleshow/82559665.cms |access-date=23 November 2021 |publisher=The Times of India |date=12 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Constitution ==
The council elects its own chairman and vice-chairman for a period of five years from amongst its members. Assisted by the various committees of the Council, the chairman acts as the chief executive and director of the Council. Voting rights in elections are available only for advocates having a Certificate of Practice. Till the year 2020, there were around 1,75,000 enrolled as members of the state Bar Council.<ref name="Magoa bar ref6">{{cite news |last1=Saigal |first1=Sonam |title=Maharashtra, Goa Bar Council backs SC on contempt |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/maharashtra-goa-bar-council-backs-sc-on-contempt/article32398433.ece |access-date=2 October 2021 |publisher=The Hindu |date=20 August 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref> As per the Advocates Act, the bar council of the state should have 25 members in case the members on roll exceeds 10000.<ref name="Mahgoa Ref1" />

Adv. Vivekanand Naikrao Ghatge is the elected Chairman of the Bar Council of Maha with Adv. Uday Prakash Warunjikar currently serving as the Vice-Chairman.<ref name="Mahgoa Ref1" />

==Enrollment of advocates==
Graduates having a law degree from recognised universities permitted to impart legal education are admitted as advocates in The Bar Council of Maharashtra and Goa. Law graduates can enroll online for Bar Council of Maharashtra and Goa. State bar councils are empowered by Advocates Act, 1961 to frame rules according to their convenience for enrolling advocates in council. The enrollment committee formed by Councils will scrutinise a prospective member's application. Enrolled advocates of any bar council in-state are considered eligible to write the All India Bar Examination conducted by the Bar Council of India. After clearing the exam, they are certified by the Bar Council of India and issued 'a Certificate of Enrolment', which facilitates them to practice the profession of law in any High Court based in India and lower courts of the country, as an advocate. Advocates are required to qualify in the exam known as "Supreme Court Advocate on Record Examination" which is conducted by the Supreme Court exclusively to practice in the Supreme Court of Country.

== Important actions ==

1. In 2021, Bar Council of Maharashtra and Goa challenged the decision of bar to raise membership charges.<ref name="Magoa bar ref2">{{cite news |last1=Hakim |first1=Sharmeen |title=Lawyer Challenges Bar Council of Maharashtra & Goa's Decision To Enhance Enrolment Charges |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/lawyer-challenges-bar-council-of-maharashtra-and-goas-100-per-cent-enhancement-on-enrolment-charges-despite-objections-179454 |access-date=2 October 2021 |work=www.livelaw.in |date=13 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

2. In 2011, Bar Council of Maharashtra and Goa passed resolution to lay down guidelines to keep fake lawyers out of court.<ref name="Magoa bar ref3" />

3. In 2011, Bar Council of Maharashtra and Goa had made suggestions to exclude Judiciary from Lokpal Bill.<ref name="Magoa bar ref4">{{cite news |title=Bar Council had suggested excluding judiciary from Lokpal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/bar-council-had-suggested-excluding-judiciary-from-lokpal/ |access-date=2 October 2021 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=12 December 2011 |language=en}}</ref>

4. In 2020, Bar Council of Maharashtra and Goa favoured Judgement of [[Supreme Court of India]] against [[Prashant Bhushan]] for his tweets against Chief Justice of India S.A. Bobde, qualifying for contempt .

== See also ==
* [[Bar Council of Andhra Pradesh]]
* [[Bar Council of Telangana]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.barcouncilmahgoa.org/ official website]


[[Category:Legal organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Goa]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in India]]

K. Shadakshari

2026-04-28T15:13:47Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): created a entry

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1949)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''K. Shadakshari''' (born 1949) is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]] who is an MLA from [[Tumakuru district|Tumkur district]] representing [[Indian National Congress]]. He won the Tiptur Assembly constituency in the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Tiptur election results 2023 HIGHLIGHTS: Congress's K Shadakshari beats BJP's BC Nagesh by 17,652 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/karnataka-assembly-polls-2023/story/tiptur-election-results-2023-live-updates-karnataka-assembly-election-bjp-bc-nagesh-congress-k-shadakshari-2378511-2023-05-13 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Shadakshari is from [[Tiptur]], Tumkur district. His father Kallappa was a farmer. He completed his Bachelor of Commerce degree at R.V. College, which is affiliated with [[Bangalore University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=K Shadakshari(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- TIPTUR(TUMKUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Karnataka2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=7360 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Shadakshari won the [[Tiptur Assembly constituency]] representing [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 71,999 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[B. C. Nagesh]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 17,652 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=K Shadakshari in Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/karnataka/k-shadakshari-tiptur-candidate-s10a129c006/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Tiptur Election Result 2023 Live: Inc Candidate K Shadakshari Wins From Tiptur |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/turuvekere-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-name-bjp-congress-jds-karnataka-assembly-election-result-1601848 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> Earlier in 2018 he lost to the same candidate, Nagesh, in the [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]]. He won as an MLA for the first time winning the [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] representing Indian National Congress from Tiptur. He was elected for the second time winning the [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-13 |title=Tiptur Constituency Election Results: Assembly seat details, MLAs, candidates & more |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka/constituency/tiptur-assembly-constituency-election-results-assembly-seat-details-mlas-candidates/articleshow/99727544.cms |access-date=2024-08-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shadakshari, K.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Tumakuru district]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]

Dheeravath Bharathi

2026-04-28T04:42:55Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): Put Up First Page W/ Refs

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}

'''Dheeravath Bharathi''' '''Devi''' is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=rediff.com: Slain Congress MLA's wife elected unopposed in AP assembly bypoll |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2002/may/20jafri.htm |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref> In 2002, she was elected unopposed as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly]] from [[Devarakonda Assembly constituency|Deverakonda Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community in [[Nalgonda district]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devarakonda Election Result 2018 Live Updates: Candidate List, Winner, Runner-up MLA List |url=https://www.elections.in/telangana/assembly-constituencies/devarakonda.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251106191924/https://www.elections.in/telangana/assembly-constituencies/devarakonda.html |archive-date=2025-11-06 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=Elections in India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Devarakonda Constituency History, Codes, MLA Candidates {{!}} Telangana Elections |url=https://www.sakshi.com/ts-elections-2023/telangana/constituency/devarakonda.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127141111/https://www.sakshi.com/ts-elections-2023/telangana/constituency/devarakonda.html |archive-date=2023-11-27 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=en}}</ref>

Devi was the wife of sitting Congress MLA Raghya Naik, who was killed by the banned People's War Group naxalites at Maddimagudu in December 2001. His death caused the vacancy and the by-election. She was nominated for the seat by the [[Indian National Congress]] and all other major parties including [[Telugu Desam Party|Telugu Desam]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janata Party]], [[Communist Party of India]] and [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] decided to support her nomination in solidarity with the slain leader. On 20 May 2002, she was declared elected unopposed from Devarakonda Assembly constituency by the returning officer after the BJP rebel candidate withdrew his nomination.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2023-10-26 |title=Instances of unanimous elections in Telangana’s election history |url=https://telanganatoday.com/instances-of-unanimous-elections-in-telanganas-election-history |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=ఎక్కడో పుట్టి.. ఎక్కడో పెరిగి ఇక్కడే గెలిచారు |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/districts/Nalgonda/534/123203880 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104111258/https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/districts/Nalgonda/534/123203880 |archive-date=2023-11-04 |access-date=2026-04-27 |work=EENADU |language=te}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
{{Reflist}}{{India-politician-stub}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharathi, Dheeravath}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Women members of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:21st-century women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century women politicians]]
[[Category:People from Nalgonda district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]

Veerateeswarar Temple, Korukkai

2026-04-26T11:45:41Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): Added new place!

{{Short description|Shiva temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Veerateswarar temple
| image = Gopura of Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple.jpg
| alt =
| caption = ''Gopura'' of the Veerataneswarar Temple
| map_type = Tamil Nadu
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|11.155340|79.611976|display=inline,title}}
| native_name =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Mayiladuthurai district|Mayiladuthurai]]
| location = Korukkai
| elevation_m =
| deity = Veerateeswarar ([[Shiva]])
| primary_deity_Goddess =
| utsava_deity_Goddess=
| facade_direction =
| temple_tank =
| tower =
| festivals= Kamadahana
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}
'''Veerateeswarar Temple''' (also called '''Korukkai Veerateeswarar temple''') is a [[Hindu temple]] located at Korukkai in [[Mayiladuthurai district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The presiding deity is [[Shiva]] in the form of Veerateswarar and his consort is known as Gnanambigai. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by Tamil saint poets known as the [[nayanars]] and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]'', the 276 temples that find mention in it.

As per Hindu legend, Shiva is believed to have destroyed eight different demons and the eight [[Ashta Veeratta Stalam|Ashta Veeratanam]] temples are built signifying each of his victories. The temple is counted one of the eight where Shiva is believed to have punished [[Kama]], the cupid.

The temple has four daily rituals at various times from 6:30 a.m. to 8:30 p.m., and few yearly festivals on its calendar. The present masonry structure was built during the [[Chola dynasty]] during the 9th century, while later expansions are attributed to [[Thanjavur Nayaks]]. The temple is maintained and administered by the Dharmapuram Aadhenam.

==Legend==
[[File:Madan-Bhasma (Shiva Turns to Ashes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|Legend of Shiva turning Kamadeva into ashes for disturbing his sacrifice]]
As per Hindu legend, [[Kamadeva]], the cupid, was married to [[Rati|Ratī]]. One of the principal myths regarding Kama is that of his incineration by [[Shiva]], the Kama Dahana. It occurs in its most developed form in the [[Matsya Purana]] (verses 227–255)<ref>{{cite book
|author = Daniel Ingalls
|title= Sanskrit poetry, from Vidyākara's "Treasury"
|publisher = [[Harvard University Press]]
|year = 1968
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AjEdCVZ5uoQC
|isbn=978-0-674-78865-7|page=58
}}</ref> but is also repeated with variants in the [[Shiva Purana|Shaiva Purana]] and
other Puranas.<ref>[[Klaus Klostermaier]], (2000) Hinduism: A Short History. Oxford: One World Publications.
</ref>[[Indra]] and the gods were suffering at the hands of the demon [[Tarakasura]]. Tarakasura obtained superior powers from [[Brahma]] from his severe penance. He could not be defeated by anyone except by Shiva's son. Brahma advised the celestial deities that [[Parvati]] should get an offspring from lord Shiva who would be able to defeat Taraka. Indra requested Kamadeva to break Shiva's penance. To create a congenial atmosphere, Kamadeva (Madana) created an untimely spring (''akāla-vasanta''). After he awoke Shiva with a flower arrow, Shiva, furious, opened his third eye, which incinerated Madana instantaneously and he is turned into ash. Lord Shiva agreed with Parvati's proposal and their pooja resulted the birth of lord karthikeya who defeated Taraka.<ref>[[Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty]], (1975) Hindu Myths: A Sourcebook Translated from the Sanskrit. London: Penguin Books, p.157-159 [https://books.google.com/books?id=JAwA8sHtGbgC]</ref> Rati prayed to Indra, who along with celestial deities prayed to Shiva that it was under their request that Kama disturbed his penance. Shiva gave a boon that Kama would be reborn in [[Treta Yuga]] in the womb of Krishna's wife [[Rukmini]] as [[Pradyumna]] and marry Rati.<ref name=Giri>{{cite book|title=108 Thennaga Shivasthalangal|language=ta|publisher=Giri Trading Agency Private Limited|isbn=978-81-7950-707-0|last=R.|first=Ponnammal|pages=129–33}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=M. Arunachalam |url=http://archive.org/details/FestivalsOfTamilNadu |title=Festivals Of Tamil Nadu |date=1980 |pages=256}}</ref>

As per another legend, a sage named Theerthapahu, unaware of the power of Soola Theertham, the water body of the temple, prayed to bring water of river [[Ganga]] for his worship. His hands were shortened during the worship and after realising the mistake, he punished himself by hitting his head against a rock. Shiva was pleased by his devotion and cured his hand. He came to be known as Kurungai Munivar (meaning a sage with short hands in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]) and the place came to be known as Kurungai, which eventually became Korukkai. The place has other names like Kamadahanapuram, Kampakapuram and Yogeesapuram. It is believed that [[Vishnu]], [[Lakshmi]], [[Brahma]] and [[Muruga]] worshipped the Shiva at this place.<ref name=Saiva4/><ref name=":0" />

==Architecture==
The temple is located in Korukkai, a village {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from Needur in [[Mayiladuthurai]] - Manalmedu road. The temple faces the West and has a five-tiered ''[[gopuram|rajagopuram]]''. The temple tank, the Soola Theertham is located outside the main entrance. The sanctum houses the image of Veeratneeswarar in the form of ''[[lingam]]''. The sanctum has ardhamandapa before it and a Mahamandapa, the worship hall. The Mahamandapa houses the metal image of Kamadahanamurthy sported with six hands holding six different weapons. There are metal images of [[Kamadeva]] and [[Rati]]. The images of Sanahathi sages are near the images of the presiding deity. The Mahamandapam also houses other metal image of [[Murugan]], [[Somaskanda]] and [[Vinayagar]]. The shrine of Ambal in the form of Gnangmigai faces South. The image is sported in standing posture with four hands. The temple has two precincts and all the shrines in the temple are enshrined in rectangular granite walls.<ref name=Giri/> There is a hall called Sambuvinotha Sabhai (also called Kamanganasini Sabhai) which houses the images of Sivagami and [[Manikkavacakar]]. The temple is administered by [[Dharmapuram Adheenam]].<ref name=Saiva4/>

== Religious significance ==
[[File:Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple6.jpg|250px|thumb|A major shrine in the temple]]
The temple is one of the [[Ashta Veeratta Stalam|Ashta Veeratanam]] temples that commemorate Shiva's eight acts of valour and fury where he became victorious over demons, heroes or divinities,<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Medical and Spiritual Sciences of Siddhas of Tamil Nadu|last=P.|first=Karthigayan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q4HDDAAAQBAJ&q=veerattam&pg=PT388|page=388|publisher=Notion Press|year=2016|isbn=9789352065523}}</ref> and also as places where he is believed to have performed with fury.<ref name=C137>[[#Madhavan|Madhavan 2014]], p. 145</ref><ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=458–9}}</ref>

It is one of the shrines of the 275 [[Paadal Petra Sthalams]] - [[Shiva Temples of Tamil Nadu#Sthalams|Shiva Sthalams]] glorified in the early medieval ''[[Tevaram]]'' poems by Tamil Saivite [[Nayanars|Nayanar]] [[Tirunavukkarasar]]. The twelve songs of Appar are compiled in fourth ''[[Thirumurai]]'' as 49th and 50th canto. The thirty-one songs of Appar are compiled in the fourth ''Thirumrai'' ten each under 31st and 107th canto, while the remaining eleven in fifth ''Thirumrai'' under 11th canto. The ten songs of Sundarar are compiled in seventh ''Thirumurai'' in 28th cantor.<ref name=Saiva4>{{cite book|title=Saiva Encyclopaedia volume 4 - Thirumurai Thalangal|editor-last=Dr. R.|editor-first=Selvaganapathy|publisher=Saint Sekkizhaar Human Resource Development Charitable Trust|location=Chennai, India|year=2013|pages=181–2}}</ref>

Tirunavukkarasar describes the feature of the deity as:<ref>Tirunavukkarasar Tevaram, IV: 49: 7</ref>
{{cquote|காப்பதோர் வில்லு மம்புங் கையதோ ரிறைச்சிப் பாரம் 
தோற்பெருஞ் செருப்புத் தொட்டுத் தூயவாய்க் கலச மாட்டித் 
தீப்பெருங் கண்கள் செய்ய குருதிநீ ரொழுகத் தன்கண் 
கோப்பதும் பற்றிக் கொண்டார் குறுக்கைவீ ரட்ட னாரே.}}

The presiding deity is worshipped by devotees praying for mental and well-being.<ref name=dinamalar/>

==Festival and religious practices==
The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Like other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Shaivism|Shaivaite]] community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed four times a day; Kalasanthi at 7:00 a.m., Uchikalam at 10:00 a.m., Sayarakshai at 6:00 p.m. and Ardha Jamam at 8:30 p.m. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''abhisheka'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Veerateeswarar and Gnanambigai. The worship is held amidst music with ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument), religious instructions in the [[Vedas]] read by priests and prostration by worshippers in front of the temple mast. There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'', fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'' and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''. There is a temple procession during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of Margazhi (December- January) Thiruvadhirai festival. Kamadhahana festival during Masimagam during (February - March) followed by 10-day Brahmostavam are the major festivals in the temple.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Veerateeswarar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=482|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref>

==Idol Theft==
[[File:South India, Tamil Nadu, Chola period - Shiva as Lord of Music - 1971.117 - Cleveland Museum of Art.tif|250px|thumb|Veenadhara (Cleveland Museum of Art)]]
The idol of [[Dakshinamurti|Veenadhara Dakshinamurthy]] belonging to the temple is believed to be stolen and smuggled abroad sometime after 1959, when it was last seen during a record-keeping exercise by the [[French Institute of Pondicherry]].<ref name="TH">{{cite news |title=Antique idol of Korukkai Veeratteswarar temple traced to Cleveland museum |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/antique-idol-of-korukkai-veeratteswarar-temple-traced-to-cleveland-museum/article66807567.ece |access-date=19 July 2023 |work=The Hindu |agency= |date=3 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="DT">{{cite news |title=Another antique idol traced to USA|url=https://www.dtnext.in/tamilnadu/2023/05/01/another-antique-idol-traced-to-usa |access-date=3 August 2023 |work=DT Next |agency= |date=1 May 2023}}</ref> The ''Idol Wing'' of the Tamil Nadu [[Criminal Investigation Department (India)|Criminal Investigation Department]] (IW-CID) has traced it to the [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] in the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Shiva as Lord of Music|url=https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.117|year=c. 1000|access-date=3 August 2023|publisher=Cleveland Museum of Art}}</ref>

Another theft was reported in 2015, where a [[Nataraja]] idol was found to be missing from the night preceding July 14.<ref name="BS">{{cite news |title=Ancient idol of Lord Nataraja found stolen from temple |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/ancient-idol-of-lord-nataraja-found-stolen-from-temple-115071401477_1.html |access-date=26 August 2023 |work=Business Standard |agency=PTI |date=14 July 2015}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
[[File:Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple panorama (2).jpg|thumb|Panorama view]]
<gallery>
File:Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple1.jpg|''Gopura''
File:Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple3.jpg
File:Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple2.jpg
File:Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple8.jpg
File:Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple5.jpg
File:Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple4.jpg
File:Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple6.jpg
File:Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple (3).jpg
File:Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple (10).jpg
File:Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple (22).jpg
File:Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple (27).jpg
File:Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple (12).jpg
File:Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple (2).jpg
File:Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple (11).jpg
File:Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple (18).jpg
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]
[[Category:Ashta Veeratta Stalam]]

Mizo Revival of 1906

2026-04-19T16:36:26Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): adding - done

{{short description|1906 Christian revival in Mizoram}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}

The '''Mizo Revival 0f 1906''' was a [[Christian revival]] movement by the Calvinistic Methodist Mission (now [[Presbyterian Church of Wales]]) in 1906 among the [[Mizo people]]. It was facilitated following the success of the [[1904–1905 Welsh Revival|Welsh Revival]] and the impact it had on the Khasi Revival in 1905. It was brought to Mizoram, where it caused persecution of Christians, particularly under Chief [[Vanphunga]].

The movement's persecution facilitated the spread of Christianity and led to the cultural movement of {{lang|lus|Puma Zai}} in opposition to growing Christian influence.

==Revival==
The [[Christian Revivalism]] movement occurred in Wales ([[1904–1905 Welsh revival]]) and the [[Khasi Hills]] in 1905.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=86}} In February 1905, two ministers from Wales visited the Khasis and attended the assembly, which led to the possibility of the revival being brought to them. [[David Evan Jones (missionary)|David Evan Jones]] followed the news of the revival in Wales. The early Mizo convert Thanga, met with [[James Herbert Lorrain]] and [[Frederick William Savidge]] to hold prayer meetings to bring the revival to the Lushai Hills among the Mizos. The prayer meetings continued from up til 1906. In March 1906, Jones and Lorraine sent a delegation to the Khasi Hills assembly, which had been hosted by a prominent Khasi Christian chief, Kinesingh, with free water and food for the assembly for three days.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=89}}{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=167}} [[Edward Rowlands]] advocated for the early Mizo female Christians, Pawngi and Thamkumi to go with Khuma under the leadership of Siniboni, a Khasi Christian. Jones advocated for Thanga and Vanchhunga to attend on the basis that they had been successful in evangelistic tours before.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=167}} Thanga became sick with an ailment but continued to strive to attend, which inspired Chawnga, a teacher in the Aizawl school.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=168}} The delegates were Chawnga, Khuma, Thanga, Pawngi, Thangkungi, Vanchhunga and Siniboni from Northern Mizoram and Thangkunga, Parima and Zathanga from Southern Mizoram.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=90}}

The delegation stayed at a mission station in Sylhet, where they observed hymns sung with waving hands and shaking with passion. The revivalists, during their journey, joined them and abandoned them when witnessing a man shaking with hymns.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=91}}{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=168}} The delegation finally reached Mairang. During the prayer sessions at Mairang, the Mizos delegation began to become infected with the spirit of revivalism, with Khuma weeping and Vanchhunga stricken with burning passion.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=92}}{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=169}} On Sunday, an 8000-person congregation was held for the Mizo delegation to bless them, which further revealed.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=92}} After the end of the assembly, the Mizos left for Cherra and visited Shillong along the way. The delegation arrived back at Kukipunji in the Lushai Hills and preached the gospel.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=93}}

At Aizawl, the former delegates attempted to spark the revival in the school chapel buildings without success. Many Mizos felt they were copying the Khasis blindly and sneered at the efforts.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=94}}{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=170}} However, on Sunday before the southern delegates were to leave for Serkawn, they held a prayer and stated the farewell hymn "God be with you till we meet again". The hymn continued to be repeated with more individuals joining them. The school children also joined them upon arriving for classes. The meeting lasted hours with prayers made for others and hymns starting anew in choirs. One woman, Hlunziki, stood up and confessed her sins and asked for prayers on her behalf. All individuals, including the children, began to approach the front and confess their sins. People from the two closest villages arrived, and it continued until they were forced to continue to disassemble for dinner.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=95}}{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=170-171}}

The meetings continued in this sense for hours and hours and converted many non-Christian Mizos. The most famous conversion during the revival was Chief Vankhuma of Kolasib, who entered meetings and confessed his sins and made the decision to be a follower of Jesus.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=96}}

The revival increased the Mizo Christian population by 86, with many who became backsliders. The stirring lasted for two weeks at its peak before reducing its intensity as it spread to more and more villages. The first villages affected were Khandaih ([[Phullen]]), Muthi, Ngopa, Maite, Sakawrtuichhun, Saihum, Bunghmun, Pawlrang and Zokhawsang. Khandaih was the first village to experience the revival stirrings on 13 April 1906, after a boy from Aizawl returned and detailed the events taking place.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=173}} Hranga, the teacher at Aizawl, attempted to travel to Khandaih to pass the revival, but reached it, seeing it was already in full effect.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=174}}{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=99}}

==Persecution==
Khandaih was under the rule of Chief [[Vanphunga]]. Seeing the increase in Christian converts in his village, he sensed instability to his chieftainship and considered the revival a threat. The chiefs had been losing their rights and privileges under the British, with only community loyalty to the institution of [[Zawlbuk|{{lang|lus|zawlbûks|cat=no}}]]. However, Christianity led to the decline of the institutions, and this further weakened the hold of chiefs over their subjects. Vanphunga and his {{lang|lus|upas}} were of the opinion that Christians would make the privilege of [[Zu (beverage)|{{lang|lus|zû|cat=no}}]] and traditional feasts to become obsolete with their new values.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=174}}{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=99}}

Vanphunga held the parents responsible and urged them to not indulge their children in the new faith. The chief and {{lang|lus|upas}} began to disperse Christian meetings with caning. Thanga and Phawka, hearing the news, came to Khandaih and preached that the faith would not be persecuted with examples of Roman persecution. However, this further proved the subjects were switching from traditional Mizo chiefs towards a new authority with Christian figures and missionaries. Vanphunga called his brothers Thangkama, Lalzika, Khawzadala, Dorawta, Thawngliana and Lalruaia to coordinate in repressing the effect of the revival.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=175}}

Jones visited Vanphunga's new settlement, Changzawl, with Thanga, Vanchhunga and Vanphunga's brother-in-law, Lalsailova. Jones and his team found the chiefs drunk, with Vanphunga's sister snatched and hidden from her husband, Saithuama.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=175}}{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=99}} Jones' attempt to see to Vanphunga's ailing sister led to an unfriendly altercation with the chiefs. Jones was punched and insulted.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=100}} At midnight, Jones at the {{lang|lus|zawlbûk}} attempted to baptise Christians while the chiefs threw hot amber and ashes from the central hearth and chased them. Jones however managed to baptise 30 individuals by Sunday without interference.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=101}} Jones made a further even to preach at Thangkama's village of Lungpher but Thangkama threatened to fine all villagers a pig if they listened to him preach. Jones threatened Thangkama with reporting his unlawful action in which he rescinded the fines.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=101}}

Vanphunga however intensified his persecution with Jones actions. When Rowlands made a visit to the village, he was harassed and treated like a [[bawi system|{{lang|lus|bawi|cat=no}}]]. Vanphunga used his family connections to persecute the Christians. [[Lalsawma]] argues that this set a precedent for future persecting chiefs on a doctrine to follow. [[Peter Fraser (missionary)]] stated that young converts who were caught carrying out confessions were brought to their chiefs and forced to have {{lang|lus|zû}} poured down their mouth and beaten. Jones himself was nearly forced to consume {{lang|lus|zû}} as well.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=176}}

The methods of persecution used various. Chiefs would try to force Christians to work on their [[sabbath day]], produce {{lang|lus|zû}}, disperse Christian gatherings, dispossess the property of Christians, and grant bad jhumming plots.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=176}} More hostile actions included falsified fines, exortion of provisions, beating, forced consumption of {{lang|lus|zû}}, pouring of cold water on winter nights and exposing women nude in public. Vanphunga expelled Christians from his village, but on order of the government, he was forced to accept them once more. He persecuted them again on their return, while many chose to leave, even as the Church urged perseverance. Superintendent [[H.W.G. Cole]] responded to the revival movements controversies by focussing on economic development with secular education and investing in dairy farming and agriculture.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=177}}

Many of the Christians who dispersed to villages spread Christianity as individual agents of the revival in Chanphai, Durtlang and Zemabawk. The spread of Christianity to Bunghmun led Chief Hrangvunga to release his [[Bawi system|{{lang|lus|bawis|cat=no}}]], citing that he did it to please Jesus. The revival maintained its momentum in 1908 and spread east of Khandaih to Pawlrang. The revival experienced stirrings in similar strength to Aizawl in 1906 but was overshadowed by the counter-culture efforts of the promotion of {{lang|lus|Puma Zai}}.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=178}} One chief, Rohrenga, ceded land in his village of Zokhawsang to all persecuted Christian Mizos to settle, and it became known as {{lang|lus|Pathian Veng}} ({{translation|God's village}}).{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=179}}

Revival movements continued in different localities of varying intensity until the Mizo revival of 1913.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=179}}

=={{lang|lus|Puma Zai}} movement==
The {{lang|lus|Puma Zai}} movement was coined in opposition to the revival as a cultural movement centred around a folksong known as {{lang|lus|Puma Zai}} which flared out in popularity in 1907.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=180}}
{{lang|lus|Puma}} was the appellation at the end of every first line in the couplet,s hence coining the name.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=181}} The song became popularised in Vanphunga's neighbouring village of Ratu. With persecution being contested with government intervention, Lalzika went to Ratu with a youth from his village, Liangkhaia, and learnt the song to take back to his village.{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=108}} The song was popularised by the poet Thankunga, who wrote in praise of the chief and village. The chiefs threw feasts for the whole village and mimicked the revival with similar fervour and dances as the Christians had.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=182}}

The song became rapidly popularised among the villages, and many chiefs and {{lang|lus|upas}} began to donate animals for feasts and dances. The movement was popularised among non-Mizos with even Superintendent H.W.G. Cole rewarding chiefs for greeting his visits with a {{lang|lus|Puma Zai}}.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=183}} {{lang|lus|Puma Zai}} itself underwent several changes as more lines were added and the dance became known as {{lang|lus|Tlangnam Zai}} ({{translation|Community Dance}}).{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=183}}{{sfn|Lloyd|1991|p=108}}

The Church saw the cultural movement of {{lang|lus|Puma Zai}} as a setback to Christianity. Lorraine termed it as "Satanic opposition", which was stirring up against them. Reverend Liangkhai,a who introduced {{lang|lus|Puma Zai}} with Lalzika, became Christian and termed it a "Great Power of Darkness".{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=183}}

{{lang|lus|Puma Zai}} and the Christian revival movement functioned in opposition before becoming more alike over time. The Christian Revival movement began to use animal sacrifices and beating of drums borrowed from the {{lang|lus|Puma Zai}} festivities.{{sfn|Vanlalchhuanawma|2007|p=186}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==

*{{cite book |first=J. Meirion |last=Lloyd |title=History of the Church in Mizoram: Harvest in the Hills |year= 1991 |pages=17–23| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BkgFAQAAIAAJ| publisher= Synod Publication Board}}
*{{cite book |last=Vanlalchhuanawma |date=2007 |title=Christianity and Subaltern Cuture: Revival Movement as a Cultural Response to Westernisation in Mizoram|location=Delhi |publisher=Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge |isbn=978-81-7214-901-7}}

[[Category:Christian revivals in Lushai Hills district]]
[[Category:1906 in British India]]
[[Category:1906 in Christianity]]

Karnataka Garment Workers Union

2026-04-16T03:45:12Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): created new data...

{{short description|Trade union of garment workers in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = KOOGU
| image =
| full_name = Karnataka Garment Workers Union
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| founded = 2009
| num_members = 3000<ref name="clb1">{{cite report|url=https://www.clb.org.hk/content/karnataka-garment-workers-union-bengaluru-case-study|title=The Karnataka Garment Workers Union, Bengaluru: A case study|publisher=[[China Labour Bulletin]]|author=P.K.Anand|date=2020-11-16|access-date=}}</ref>
| parent_organization =
| affiliations =
| key_people = [[Sebastian Devaraj]], honorary president
| headquarters =
| location = [[India]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Karnataka Garment Workers Union''' ('''KOOGU''') is a [[trade union]] of garment workers in [[India]].

==History==
KOOGU was founded in 2009, following the entrance of major international brands in the garment sector of [[South India]]. This made it possible for workers to form unions, which had until then been harshly restricted by local factory owners. KOOGU first only reacted to violations of labour rights, but later started working with international trade union federations for long-term improvements.<ref name="clb1"/>

In July 2021, and in January 2022, KOOGU led talks with leading Indian garment producer [[Shahi Group]] regarding the economic consequences of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] for workers. Several international brands were also invited, but either did not respond ([[Abercrombie & Fitch]], [[Benetton Group|Benetton]], [[Columbia Sportswear|Columbia]], [[Tommy Hilfiger]], [[Vans]]) or declined to participate ([[Carhartt]], [[Decathlon (retailer)|Decathlon]], [[H&M]]).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.clb.org.hk/content/prominent-hong-kong-labour-leader-sentenced-14-months%E2%80%99-imprisonment|title=Garment workers' union in India calls on international brands to fulfil their commitments|date=2022-01-21|website=China Labour Bulletin}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal bar|Organized labor|India}}
{{Trade unions in India navbox}}
{{India-trade-union-stub}}

[[Category:Trade unions in India]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Trade unions established in 2009]]
[[Category:Labour relations in India]]

The Sentinel (India)

2026-04-11T10:42:32Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): Added entry!

{{Short description|Indian English-language daily newspaper}}
{{Refimprove|date=April 2025}}
{{Notability|date=December 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = The Sentinel
| image =
| caption =
| type = [[Daily newspaper]]
| format = [[Broadsheet]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1983}}
| ceased_publication =
| price =
| owners = Omega Printers & Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
| publisher = Puspa Dhar Deka
| editor = Shankar Rajkhewa
| chief_editor =
| associate_editor =
| staff_writers =
| language = [[Indian English|English]]
| political_position = Apolitical
| circulation = 33,017<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Govt. approved Daily Newspaper Circulation Figure |url=https://dipr.assam.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/dipr_webcomindia_org_oid_4/portlet/level_2/new_daily_circulation_2023.pdf |website=Directorate of Information & Public Relations [[Government of Assam]] |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>
| headquarters = Sentinel Building, G.S. Road, Six Mile, [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]]
| oclc =
| ISSN =
| website = {{URL|http://www.sentinelassam.com|sentinelassam.com}}
}}

'''''The Sentinel''''' is an [[English language|English]] [[daily newspaper]] launched in 1983 in the city of [[Guwahati]], in the state of [[Assam]], India. It has two editions{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} published simultaneously from Guwahati and [[Dibrugarh]]. ''The Sentinel'' caters to the entire [[North East India|North Eastern region]] of India.

{{As of|2024|11}}, Shankar Rajkhewa is the Managing Editor, and Ramlal Sinha is the Executive Editor.{{cn|date=December 2025}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Sentinel Digital |date=2021-05-16 |title=Assam CM Himanta Biswa Sarma Meets The Sentinel's Managing Editor Shankar Rajkhewa, Seeks Cooperation |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/assam-cm-himanta-biswa-sarma-meets-the-sentinels-managing-editor-shankar-rajkhewa-seeks-cooperation-538558 |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=The Sentinel - of this Land, for its People |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
It was first published in 1983<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saikia |first1=Dhruva |title=Assam newspaper From Arunodoi to The Sentinel By Dhruva Saikia |url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Focus_On_Media.Assam_newspaper_From_Arunodoi_to_The_Sentinel_By_Dhruva_Saikia |access-date=25 January 2026 |work=e-pao.net |date=29 August 2019}}</ref> and the founding editor was [[Dhirendra Nath Bezbaruah]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarbananda Sonowal Pays Tribute to Assam’s Literary Icons in Guwahati |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/law-order/3518282-sarbananda-sonowal-pays-tribute-to-assams-literary-icons-in-guwahati |access-date=2025-12-12 |website=Devdiscourse |language=en |date=2025-07-26}}</ref> The newspaper was edited for a long time by Bezbaruah, who was also the former president of The [[Editors Guild of India]]{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Veteran Journalist Dhirendranath Bezbaruah To Be Conferred With Sukapha Award |url=https://guwahatiplus.com/assam/veteran-journalist-dhirendranath-bezbarua-to-be-conferred-with-sukapha-award |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=guwahatiplus.com |language=en}}</ref>. Former Assam DGP and litterateur Harekrishna Deka and renowned journalist Gauri Shankar Kalita also were editors of this newspaper at some point of time. When ''The Sentinel'' was launched in 1983, all newspapers in the North East were printed on letterpress machines,{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} but ''The Sentinel'' was the first daily newspaper in the North East that started off with a combination of phototypesetting and web offset printing.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

==Circulation==
According to Audit Bureau of Circulation(ABC), ''The Sentinel'' in combination with its sister publications has the highest circulation in North East India making it the largest publishing house in the North East.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

==See also==
* ''[[The Assam Tribune]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|http://www.sentinelassam.com/}}

{{Newspapers in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sentinel}}
[[Category:English-language newspapers published in India]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Assam]]
[[Category:Publications with year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:1983 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Newspapers established in 1983]]

{{India-newspaper-stub}}

Nirupama Rajendra

2026-04-11T07:37:35Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): put up some entry w/ refs...

{{Short description|Indian classical dancer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox dancer
| name = Nirupama Rajendra
| image = NirupamaRajendra Bharathanrithyam karanas BoghaNandeeshwaraTemple.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Nirupama posing during Bharatanatyam at ''Bogha Nandeeshwara Temple''.
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]] [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| origin =
| height =
| dances = [[Bharathanatyam]], [[Kathak]]
| occupation = Dancers & Artistic Directors of Abhinava Dance Company
| years_active =
| current_group =
| former_groups =
| website = {{URL|http://www.abhinavadancecompany.com/}}
}}

'''Nirupama Rajendra''' is an Indian classical dancer who performs in [[Bharatanatyam|Bharathnatyam]] and [[Kathak]] dance forms. She is based in [[Bangalore|Bangalore, Karnataka]]. Nirupama and her husband Rajendra (ನಿರುಪಮ ಮತ್ತು ರಾಜೇಂದ್ರ) perform Kathak together. They established the Abhinava Dance Company in 1994 with an aim to make dance more accessible. They are known for fusing traditional and [[contemporary dance]] styles. The dance duo has given many performances and received several awards including Natya Mayuri and Natya Mayura (1998), Karnataka Kalashree (2011) and Nritya Choodamani.

== Early life ==
[[File:Nirupam Rajendra.JPG|thumb|Rajendra Performing at Maha Maya Dance Festival, [[Ravindra Kalakshetra]], Bengaluru in 2013]]
Nirupama had a passion for dance from a very young age. She began her formal training in Bharathanatyam at the age of five. She saw dance as a major form of expression and enjoyed sharing it with people. Her passion for the art form of Kathak began under the tutelage of Guru [[Maya Rao]]. She learnt both Kathak and Bharatanatyam as a young child.

=== Personal life ===
Nirupama met her spouse as a young adult when both she and Rajendra were students under their Guru Maya Rao. She is an alumna of Mount Carmel College,
Bangalore. At the age of 25, they got married and started as young dancers, who chose their careers in performing arts. As the couple grew, their journey was that of experimentation, training, and practice. Today they are widely recognized as artists who have given a new and modern twist to Kathak through their dance company Abhinava.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What's kept dancer couple Nirupama and Rajendra together? - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/whats-kept-dancer-couple-nirupama-and-rajendra-together/articleshow/67976773.cms|access-date=2021-03-28|website=The Times of India|date=14 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-08|title=Taking the pandemic in their stride|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sunday-herald/sunday-herald-art-culture/taking-the-pandemic-in-their-stride-911988.html|access-date=2021-03-28|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref>

== Abhinava Dance company ==
“Abhinavas” was established in 1994 with an objective to make traditional Indian dance forms approachable to audiences in India and around the world. The Dance Company blossomed under the passionate influence of the dancing couple Nirupama and Rajendra. The dance company has choreographed various dance recitals that embody both God and Nature.

Deeply rooted in tradition, the duo has developed a distinctive presentation style, a fusion of ethnic and contemporary dance and music genres like Jazz, Spanish, Afro, and [[World music|World Music]]. The style of merging contemporary with traditional art was inspired by [[Kumudini Lakhia]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Swaminathan|first=Chitra|date=2016-12-01|title=An interesting story unfolds|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/An-interesting-story-unfolds/article16736180.ece|access-date=2021-03-28|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Abhinava Dance Company has revitalized classical dance, keeping in mind the originality of the art form. While incorporating new techniques and styles, the main challenge lies in retaining the actual essence of the story.

=== Performances ===
Nirupama, throughout her career, has choreographed and performed for various events. The company also hosts an annual festival called Madanothsava,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Govind|first=Ranjani|date=2018-03-21|title=Day-long dance, music and games|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/day-long-dance-music-and-games/article23313291.ece|access-date=2021-03-28|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> which a celebration of life and the season of Spring. Some notable performances are:

* Harshika - 2020
* Festival Parva - 2020 - 3 day - Day 1 - Rama Katha Vismaya (Ramayana),<ref>{{Cite news|date=17 February 2020|title=Dance, drama, Disney and more in Rama Katha Vismaya|work=Express News Service|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2020/feb/17/dance-drama-disney-and-more-in-rama-katha-vismaya-2104316.html|access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref> Day 2 - Interdisciplinary Conclave, Day 3 - Madanothsava (Spring Celebration)<ref>{{Citation|title=Performed Activity Study Day Range|date=2020-02-07|work=Definitions|publisher=Qeios|doi=10.32388/px8och |s2cid=241150572 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
* Kala Dwaraka - 2020 - Online Dance Festival<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-08|title=Taking the pandemic in their stride|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sunday-herald/sunday-herald-art-culture/taking-the-pandemic-in-their-stride-911988.html|access-date=2021-03-28|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref>
* Rasaananda''(love for Krishna)''
* Krishnaa - Fire to Frost - 2019 - based on Draupadi
* OJAS - A rendition of Krishna - 2010

[[File:Nirupama Rajendra1.JPG|thumb|Rajendra OJAS Performance in Chowdiah Memorial Hall, Bengaluru in the year 2013]]

== Awards and recognitions ==
For her tremendous contributions to the field of Performing Arts, she has received various awards such as:

* Nirupama- Natya Mayuri - (1998)
* Rajendra Sir- Natya Mayura- (1998)
* Karnataka Kalashree Award for their outstanding contribution in the field of performing arts- (2011)
* Krishna Gana Sabha's prestigious dance title Nritya Choodamani
* In 2013, Nirupama Rajendra were honoured for their contributions at Maha Maya, a dance festival organized as a tribute to dancer US Krishna Rao in Ravindra Kalakshetra in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.narthaki.com/info/rev13/rev1349.html |title= Award for the dancing duo Nirupama Rajendra at Maha Maya |publisher=www.narthaki.com|date= |accessdate=2013-09-18}}</ref>
* [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2024 |title=Announcement of Sangeet Natak Akademi Awards for 2022 and 2023 |url=https://sangeetnatak.gov.in/public/uploads/annoucement/1709191095_Final%20Press%20Release%20for%20Sangeet%20Natak%20Akademki%20Fellowship,%20Sangeet%20Natak%20Akademi%20Awards%20and%20Ustad%20Bismilla%20Khan%20Yuva%20Puraskar%20for%20the%20years%202022%20and%202023.pdf |access-date=20 March 2024 |website=Sangeet Natak Akademi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Nirupama Rajendra}}
*{{url|www.abhinavadancecompany.com|Official website}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Artists from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Bharatanatyam dancers]]
[[Category:Dancers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Kathak dancers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:Women artists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]

Sisodia (surname)

2026-04-09T17:26:27Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): Added new details

'''Sisodia''' is a [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kannada]] surname of Indian origin. It is mostly found in [[Salvi (caste)|Salvi]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&dq=Surnames+sisodia&pg=PA1745 |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |pages=1745 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Kammara|Bail Kammara]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vxMwAQAAIAAJ&dq=sisodia+surname&pg=PA248 |title=Karnataka |last2=Halbar |first2=B. G. |date=2003 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-81-85938-98-1 |pages=248 |language=en}}</ref> Hindu caste groups.

==Notable people==
Notable people who carry the surname include:
* [[Mahendra Singh Sisodia]], Indian politician
* [[Luvnith Sisodia]], Indian cricketer
* [[Manish Sisodia]], Indian politician
* [[Chunda Sisodia]], Indian monarch

==See also==
* [[Sisodia dynasty]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}
{{Surnames|Sisodia}}

Mausam Noor

2026-03-26T06:52:52Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): fixed issues

{{short description|Indian politician (born 1979)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mausam Noor
| image = Mausam Noor.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1979|10|15|df=y}}<ref name="mausam">{{cite web |url=http://india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=4483 |title=Detailed Profile: Smt. Mausam Noor |access-date=4 October 2010 |work=Government of India}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, India<ref name="mausam"/>
| residence = [[Sahazalalpur]], Malda City, Malda district
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start = 3 April 2020
| term_end = 5 January 2026
| predecessor =
| successor = [[Menaka Guruswamy]]
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal|West Bengal]]
| office1 = [[West Bengal Commission for Women|Vice Chairperson of West Bengal Commission for Women]]
| 1blankname1 = Chairperson
| 1namedata1 = [[Leena Gangopadhyay]]
| term_start1 = 2019
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = Mahua Panja
| successor1 =
| constituency2 = [[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Uttar]]
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| term_start2 = 20 May 2009
| term_end2 = 23 May 2019
| predecessor2 = New constituency
| successor2 = [[Khagen Murmu]]
| office4 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]], [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|West Bengal]]
| constituency4 = [[Sujapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sujapur]]
| predecessor4 = [[Rubi Noor]]
| successor4 = [[Abu Nasar Khan Choudhury]]
| term_start4 = 17 January 2009
| term_end4 = 16 May 2009
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (2009–2019, 2026–present)
| otherparty = [[Trinamool Congress]] (2019–2026)
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| mother = [[Rubi Noor]]
| relations =
| spouse = {{marriage|Mirza Kayesh Begg|5 December 2009}}
| profession = [[Advocate]]
| alma_mater = [[Calcutta University]] (LL.B.)
| children = 2
| website =
| signature = Mausam Noor signature.png
}}
'''Mausam Benazir Noor''' (born 15 October 1979) is an Indian politician, who is a former [[Member of parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] from [[List of Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal|West Bengal]] and [[Chairperson|Vice Chairperson]] of [[West Bengal Commission for Women]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myneta.info/rajsab09aff/candidate.php?candidate_id=824|title=Mausam Noor(All India Trinamool Congress(AITC)):(WEST BENGAL) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|website=myneta.info|access-date=24 March 2020}}</ref> She was [[President (corporate title)|President]] of [[Malda district]] [[All India Trinamool Congress|TMC]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/mamata-banerjee-nominates-women-candidates-rajya-sabha-polls-bengal-6305403/|title=Mamata Banerjee nominates two women candidates out of 4 for Rajya Sabha polls|date=8 March 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=8 March 2020}}</ref> and a [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Lok Sabha]] for [[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Uttar]] from [[2009 Indian general election|2009]] until [[2019 Indian general election|2019]].

Noor comes from a political [[Bengali Muslim]] family of [[Malda district|Malda]], West Bengal. Her uncle [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]] was [[Minister of Railways (India)|Minister of Railways]] in the [[Third Indira Gandhi Ministry]]. She studied at [[La Martiniere Calcutta]] and received a law degree from [[Calcutta University]]. Mausam entered politics after her mother [[Rubi Noor]] (the then incumbent [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] of West Bengal for [[Sujapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sujapur constituency]]) died in 2008. In early 2009, she was elected to the Legislative Assembly from the same constituency and in May she was elected to the ''Lok Sabha''. Noor was elected president of the West Bengal Youth Congress in 2011. Two years later, she was elected president of the [[Indian National Congress]] Malda district unit. In January 2019, she switched to [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] party after her proposal of an electoral alliance with the party for the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 general election]] was turned down by the [[West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee|Pradesh Congress Committee]].

In a significant political move ahead of the 2026 West Bengal assembly polls, Mausam Benazir Noor resigned from the [[Trinamool Congress]] (TMC) and officially rejoined the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) on January 3, 2026. The Rajya Sabha MP and former two-time Lok Sabha member described the return as an emotional "homecoming" aimed at uniting her family to strengthen the legacy of her uncle, the late Congress stalwart [[A.B.A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]]. She formally submitted her resignation from the Rajya Sabha shortly after rejoining the party in New Delhi. Her return, alongside her cousin and Malda South MP Isha Khan Choudhury, is seen as a strategic effort to consolidate the Congress's influence in the Malda district and the broader North Bengal region.

== Early and personal life ==
Noor belongs to a political [[Bengali Muslim]] family from the [[Malda district]]. Her mother, [[Rubi Noor]], was elected to the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] for three consecutive terms from the [[Sujapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sujapur constituency]]. Rubi was married to her classmate and Mausam's father Syed Noor. She accompanied her husband to Canada before entering politics in 1991. Mausam has two elder sisters — Syeda Saleha Noor and Sonya Sarah Noor.<ref name="The Telegraph">{{cite web |title=Cong at Mamata door to spare Ruby seat |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/cong-at-mamata-door-to-spare-ruby-seat/cid/539752 |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |access-date=1 February 2019 |date=28 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Congress mourns loss of leader who filled a void |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/congress-mourns-loss-of-leader-who-filled-a-void/cid/567748 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=1 February 2019 |date=11 July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The business interests of Mausam Benazir Noor and Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury |url=https://www.livemint.com/ |publisher=Live Mint |access-date=2 February 2019 |date=14 May 2014}}</ref>

One of Noor's uncles, [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]], served as [[Minister of Railways (India)|Minister of Railways]] in the [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry]]. Her other uncle, [[Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury]], is serving as a [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] for the [[Maldaha Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Dakshin constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Big jolt to Congress in Bengal as Rahul's loyalist joins Trinamool |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/01/28/big-jolt-to-congress-in-bengal-as-rahul-loyalist-joins-trinamool.html |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |access-date=1 February 2019 |date=28 January 2019}}</ref> Abu Hasem's son, [[Isha Khan Choudhury]], is a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and represents the Sujapur constituency.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cousin Isha Khan to take on Mausam Noor: 'She humiliated uncle Ghani Khan Choudhury' |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/cousin-isha-khan-to-take-on-mausum-noor-she-humiliated-uncle-ghani-khan-choudhury-1502728636.html |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |access-date=1 February 2019 |date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Whichever the party, all politics in Malda is still about only one family |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/elections-2016/india/india-news-india/whichever-the-party-all-politics-in-malda-is-still-about-only-one-family/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=1 February 2019 |date=14 April 2016}}</ref>

Noor studied at [[La Martiniere Calcutta]] and received a law degree from the [[Calcutta University]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Congress MP Mausam Noor joins Trinamool Congress ahead of Lok Sabha polls |url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/newsroom+post-epaper-newspost/congress+mp+mausam+noor+joins+trinamool+congress+ahead+of+lok+sabha+polls+video-newsid-107387137 |publisher=Daily Hunt |access-date=2 February 2019 |date=28 January 2019}}</ref> She worked at the [[legal firm]] Fox and Mandal and practised as a full-time lawyer in the [[Supreme Court of India]] for two years before entering politics.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bandyopadhyay |first1=Mouparna | title = Barkatdas niece plays family card in Malda |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/barkatdas-niece-plays-family-card-in-malda/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=7 February 2019 |date=22 April 2019}}</ref> She married her long-time boyfriend Mirza Kayesh Begg of [[Asansol]] on 5 December 2009. She met him in 2004 while studying law at Calcutta University.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mausam Noor Cong MP from Malda weds classmate |url=http://www.ummid.com/news/December/06.12.2009/mausam_noor_weds.htm |publisher=Ummid |access-date=1 February 2019 |date=6 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mausam to marry law classmate - Kotwali gets ready for young MP's Wedding |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/mausam-to-marry-law-classmate-kotwali-gets-ready-for-young-mp-s-wedding/cid/580355 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=1 February 2019 |date=18 November 2009}}</ref>

==Political career==
===Indian National Congress===
[[File:A.H. Khan Choudhury going around the DAVP Photo Exhibition, at the Bharat Nirman Public Information Campaign, in Amrity, Malda, West Bengal on October 26, 2013. The MP, North Malda, Smt. Mausam Benazir Noor is also seen.jpg|Noor (far right) with her uncle [[Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury]] in 2013.|thumbnail]]
On 10 July 2008, the Sujapur constituency fell vacant due to the death of Noor's mother, sitting [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] Rubi Noor. Subsequently, the [[Indian National Congress]] party announced that Mausam would contest for the upcoming [[by-election]] from the constituency.<ref name="The Telegraph"/> She won the election and defeated her nearest rival, Haji Ketabuddin of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] by a margin of 21,205 votes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ballot gap bothers Left |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/ballot-gap-bothers-left/cid/513797 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=1 February 2019 |date=9 January 2009}}</ref>

On 20 May 2009, Noor was [[2009 Indian general election|elected]] to the [[Lok Sabha]], representing the [[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Uttar constituency]]. She became one of the five youngest members and the youngest Muslim woman to be elected to the [[15th Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Representation of Muslim women in Lok Sabha since Independence |date=21 May 2009 |url=http://twocircles.net/2009may21/representation_muslim_women_lok_sabha_independence.html |publisher=Two Circles |access-date=1 February 2019 |format=21 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The youngest MP is 26 |url=https://www.rediff.com/election/2009/may/20slide-show-1-the-youngest-mp-is-26.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=1 February 2019 |date=20 May 2009}}</ref> On 31 August, she became a member of the [[Standing committee (India)|Standing Committee]] on Labour. On 23 September, she became a member of the Standing Committee on Empowerement of Women and a member of Consultative Committee of [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]].<ref name="Lok Sabha">{{cite web |title=Mausam Noor |url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4483 |publisher=Lok Sabha |access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>

In March 2011, Noor was elected president of the West Bengal Youth Congress. She was supported by the [[Indian Youth Congress]] general-secretary [[Rahul Gandhi]] and defeated Arindam Bhattacharya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rahul's candidate Noor is Bengal Youth Congress president |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/rahul-s-candidate-noor-is-bengal-youth-congress-president/story-EXAwPK9EQ0JtLtgP5jMCSN.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=1 February 2019 |date=8 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Noor considers her responsibility as West Bengal Youth Congress President a huge challenge |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20110926-india-today-youth-special-mausam-noor-daughter-of-the-east-747694-2011-09-17 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=1 February 2019 |date=26 September 2011}}</ref> In December 2013, she succeeded her uncle Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury as the party president for the Malda district.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Cong chiefs in bastions |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/new-cong-chiefs-in-bastions/cid/237786 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=1 February 2019 |date=17 December 2013}}</ref>

During Noor's first term as an MP, {{convert|1500|km|mi}} of road was built in her constituency under the [[Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana]]. Also, under the [[List of central government schemes in India|Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana]] ([[Rajiv Gandhi]] Village Electrification Scheme), {{INR}}1.33 billion was sanctioned for her constituency. Moreover, {{INR}}850 million was sanctioned for the [[National Highway 81]] (running from [[Gazole Town|Gazole]] to [[Harishchandrapur I|Harishchandrapur]]), {{INR}}290 million for Ratua-Nakatti Bridge, {{INR}}330 million under [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]] to review erosion caused by the [[Mahananda River]] and {{INR}}320 million for a Samsi railway overbridge. However, she alleged that these projects could not be implemented as the [[West Bengal government|state government]] refused to co-operate.<ref name="Merciless sun is kinder than the frying questions">{{cite web |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Chandrima |title=Merciless sun is kinder than the frying questions |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/merciless-sun-is-kinder-than-the-frying-questions/cid/192497 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=2 February 2019 |date=24 April 2014}}</ref>

In March 2014, the Congress party announced that Noor would participate from her own constituency for the upcoming [[2014 Indian general election|general election]].<ref name="Merciless sun is kinder than the frying questions"/> She was re-elected after defeating [[Khagen Murmu]] of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) by a margin of 65,705 votes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mausam Benazir Noor continues Ghani Khan's legacy in Malda |url=http://muslimmirror.com/eng/mausam-benazir-noor-continues-ghani-khans-legacy-in-malda/ |work=Muslim Mirror |access-date=2 February 2019 |date=17 May 2014}}</ref> She was polled 388,000 votes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Congress retains Malda, ups winning margin |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/congress-retains-malda-ups-winning-margin/cid/189209 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=16 February 2019 |date=17 May 2014}}</ref> From 1 September 2014 to 31 August 2015, she served as a member of Committee on Papers Laid on the Table and Standing Committee on Rural Development.<ref>{{cite web |title=Other Parliamentary Standing Committees |url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Committee/CommitteeInformation.aspx?comm_code=21&tab=2 |publisher=Lok Sabha |access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Departmentally Related Standing Committees |url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Committee/CommitteeInformation.aspx?comm_code=32&tab=1 |publisher=Lok Sabha |access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref> On 1 September 2014, she also became a member of Consultative Committee, [[Ministry of Minority Affairs (India)|Ministry of Minority Affairs]].<ref name="Lok Sabha"/>

Although Malda has been a bastion of the Congress party, they lost a large number of [[District Councils of India|Zilla Parishad]] elections and [[Panchayat samiti (block)|Panchayat samiti]] elections to the ruling [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] with [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] making inroads in the region. To make amends, Noor started organizing rallies and visiting villages.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:ভোট নেই, তবুও ছুটছেন মৌসম | trans-title = There is no election, but still Mausam is running |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/district/north-bengal/mausam-noor-starts-door-to-door-campaign-to-maintain-public-relation-1.615451 |access-date=2 February 2019 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=20 May 2017 |language=bn}}</ref>

Mausam Noor, the Rajya Sabha MP and niece of the legendary Ghani Khan Chowdhury, recently made a significant return to the Indian National Congress on January 3, 2026. This high-profile homecoming occurred just months before her Upper House term was set to expire and ahead of the critical West Bengal Assembly elections. By resigning from the Trinamool Congress (TMC), she expressed a desire to reclaim her family's historic political legacy in Malda, stating that "Bengal needs a change, and let it begin with me." Her return is widely viewed as a strategic reinforcement for Congress, aiming to restore its former dominance in the region.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:কংগ্রেসে যোগদানের পরেই তৃণমূলের রাজ্যসভার সাংসদপদ থেকে ইস্তফা দিলেন মৌসম বেনজির নূর |url= https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/mausam-benazir-noor-resigns-as-tmc-rajya-sabha-mp-after-joining-congress-dgtl/cid/1659139 |access-date=22 January 2026 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=5 January 2026 |language=bn}}</ref>

===Trinamool Congress===
[[File:Mausam Noor F Politician.jpg |thumb|Noor in 2019]]
Noor left the Congress party and joined the Trinamool Congress on 28 January 2019 after her proposal to form an electoral alliance with the ruling [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] was turned down by the Pradesh Congress Committee.<ref>{{cite web |title=Breach in Congress' West Bengal bastion, Malda MP Mausam Benazir Noor joins TMC |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/congress-mp-mausam-benazir-noor-joins-trinamool-congress-5558320/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=2 February 2019 |date=29 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Inspired by Didi, Congress MP Mausam Noor joins TMC ahead of 2019 Lok Sabha polls |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/inspired-by-didi-congress-mp-mausam-noor-joins-tmc-ahead-of-2019-lok-sabha-polls-1441271-2019-01-28 |work=India Today |access-date=2 February 2019 |date=28 January 2019}}</ref>

Subsequently, Noor was elevated to the post of the General-Secretary of the party. The party also announced that she would contest from her own constituency (Maldaha Uttar) in the upcoming 2019 general election.<ref>{{cite web |title=In Setback To Congress, Bengal Lawmaker Joins Trinamool |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-setback-to-bengal-congress-malda-lawmaker-mausam-noor-joins-trinamool-congress-ahead-of-polls-1984562 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=2 February 2019 |date=28 January 2019}}</ref> She also became the party in-charge for the [[Uttar Dinajpur district|Uttar Dinajpur]], [[Dakshin Dinajpur district|Dakshin Dinajpur]] and Malda districts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mausam Benazir Noor compares Mamata Banerjee with ABA Ghani Khan, asks kin to join TMC |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/jan/30/mausam-benazir-noor-compares-mamata-banerjee-with-aba-ghani-khan-asks-kin-to-join-tmc-1931696.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204070127/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/jan/30/mausam-benazir-noor-compares-mamata-banerjee-with-aba-ghani-khan-asks-kin-to-join-tmc-1931696.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 February 2019 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=16 February 2019 |date=30 January 2019}}</ref> On 30 January, she organized a rally at Malda in which had fourteen ''[[panchayati raj|panchayat]]'' members and one councillor of [[English Bazaar]] switch to Trinamool.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=bn:মৌসমের সভায় কংগ্রেসে ভাঙন |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/district/north-bengal/mausam-noor-indicates-more-congress-leader-may-join-tmc-soon-1.942756 |work=Anandabazar Patrika |access-date=2 February 2019 |date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maitra |first1=Subhro |title=Mausam Noor blames exit on 'stubborn' Bengal Congress |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/mausam-noor-blames-exit-on-stubborn-bengal-cong/articleshow/67764910.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2 February 2019 |date=31 January 2019}}</ref>

In the election, Noor lost to [[Khagen Murmu]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], her nearest rival by a margin of 84,288 votes. She was polled 425,236 votes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maldaha Uttar Election Result 2019: BJP's Khagen Murmu defeats TMC MP Mausam Noor by 84,288 votes |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/article/maldaha-uttar-wb-election-2019-maldaha-uttar-election-results-political-parties-tmc-cpi-m-congress-bjp-mausam-noor-biswanath-ghosh-isha-khan-chowdhury/407692 |publisher=Times Now |access-date=29 May 2019 |date=24 May 2019}}</ref> Subsequently, the party made her the party president of the [[Malda district]] unit on 26 May.<ref>{{cite web |title=Defeated candidates get new roles in TMC |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/defeated-candidates-get-new-roles-in-tmc/cid/1691259 |publisher=The Telegraph |access-date=29 May 2019 |date=26 May 2019}}</ref>

In the [[Rajya Sabha]] election 2020, Noor was nominated for [[Rajya Sabha]] election from [[List of Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal|West Bengal]] by the Chief Minister of West Bengal [[Mamata Banerjee]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/all-five-rajya-sabha-candidates-in-west-bengal-elected-unopposed/1772574|title=All five Rajya Sabha candidates in West Bengal elected unopposed|website=www.outlookindia.com|access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/final-decision-on-mausam-noor-dinesh-bajajs-nominations-today-405496|title=Final decision on Mausam Noor, Dinesh Bajaj's nominations today|last=MP|first=Team|date=16 March 2020|website=www.millenniumpost.in|language=en|access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref>

In January 2026, Mausam Benazir Noor resigned from the Trinamool Congress (TMC) and rejoined the Indian National Congress, marking a significant shift in West Bengal's political landscape ahead of the state assembly elections. A sitting Rajya Sabha MP for the TMC, she submitted her formal resignation from the Upper House on January 5, 2026, just months before her term was scheduled to expire in April.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2026/Jan/04/ahead-of-bengal-polls-tmc-rajya-sabha-mp-mausam-noor-quits-party-returns-to-congress|title= Mausam returns to Congress|access-date=5 January 2026 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Twitter|MausamNoor}}
{{external media
| float=right
| video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGObZTwsFtk Mausam Noor]
| video2=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igolLfCO4Co Mausam Noor at Ranaghat]
}}

{{16th LS members from West Bengal}}
{{15th LS members from West Bengal}}
{{West Bengal Legislative Assembly5}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Noor, Mausam}}
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Malda district]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Women in West Bengal politics]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from English Bazar]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Women members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2006–2011]]
[[Category:Women members of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]

Central Punjab cricket team

2026-03-25T20:48:52Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): Put up post

{{short description|Pakistani first-class cricket team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = Central Punjab cricket team
| image = Central Punjab cricket team logo.svg
| caption =
| captain =[[Babar Azam]]
| coach = [[Akram Raza]]
| manager =
| colors = {{color box|#27357c}} Blue {{color box|Orange}} Orange
| founded = {{start date and age|2019}}
| dissolved = {{start date and age|2023}}
| ground = [[Gaddafi Stadium]], [[Lahore]]
| capacity =
| ground2 = [[Iqbal Stadium]], [[Faisalabad]]
| owner = Central Punjab Cricket Association
| title1 = [[Quaid-e-Azam Trophy]]
| title1wins = 2 ([[2019–20 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy|2019/20]] & [[2020–21 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy|2020/21]])
| title2 = [[Pakistan Cup]]
| title2wins = 1 ([[2022–23 Pakistan Cup|2022/23]])
| title3 = [[National T20 Cup]]
| title3wins = 0
| website =
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| h_pattern_pants =
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| h_title = First-class
| a_title = List A / T20
| t_title = T20
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'''Central Punjab''' was a domestic [[cricket]] team in Pakistan representing the [[Northern Punjab|northern]] and central parts of the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province. It competed in domestic [[First Class Cricket|first-class]], [[List A Cricket|List A]] and [[T20 Cricket|T20]] cricket competitions, namely the [[Quaid-e-Azam Trophy]], [[Pakistan Cup]] and [[National T20 Cup]]. The team was operated by the Central Punjab Cricket Association.

==History==
The team was introduced as a part of a new domestic structure introduced by the [[Pakistan Cricket Board]] (PCB) on 31 August 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27504448/pcb-unveils-new-domestic-set-stay-top-mantra |title=PCB unveils new domestic set-up with 'stay at the top' mantra |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=15 September 2019}}</ref> On 3 September 2019, PCB confirmed the inaugural squad for the team.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/pcb-announces-squads-for-2019-20-domestic-season.html |title=PCB announces squads for 2019-20 domestic season |work=Pakistan Cricket Board |access-date=15 September 2019 |archive-date=3 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903183721/https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/pcb-announces-squads-for-2019-20-domestic-season.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Babar Azam]] was announced as the captain of the team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27527401/sarfaraz-ahmed-babar-azam-take-charge-pakistan-domestic-sides|title=Sarfaraz Ahmed and Babar Azam to take charge of Pakistan domestic sides|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=15 September 2019}}</ref>

===2019/20 season===
Central Punjab won the [[2019–20 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy|Quaid-e-Azam Trophy]], defeating [[Northern cricket team|Northern]] by an innings and 16 runs in the final.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dunyanews.tv/en/Cricket/525626-Central-Punjab-win-first-class-Quaid-e-Azam-Trophy-2019-20|title=Central Punjab win first-class Quaid-e-Azam Trophy 2019-20|work=Dunya News|access-date=9 January 2019}}</ref> The team was eliminated in the group stage of the [[2019–20 National T20 Cup|National T20 Cup]]. The Pakistan Cup was cancelled this season due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].

===2020/21 season===
The team came back from a bad start in defence of the [[2020–21 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy|Quaid-e-Azam Trophy]] to win five successive matches and reach the final. The final against [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa cricket team|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] resulted in a [[tie (cricket)|tie]], and they were declared joint winners. The team again struggled in the limited overs formats, finishing in fourth and fifth place respectively in the [[2020–21 Pakistan Cup|Pakistan Cup]] and [[2020–21 National T20 Cup|National T20 Cup]].

==Structure==
[[File:Pk-region-CentralPunjab.png|thumb|left|Central Punjab Cricket Association is made up of [[Faisalabad]], [[Sialkot]] and [[Lahore]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/ambitious-and-competitive-2019-20-domestic-cricket-season-unveiled.html|title=Ambitious and competitive 2019-20 domestic cricket season unveiled|website=Pcb.com.pk|access-date=26 April 2022}}</ref>]]

As of 2019 Pakistan was reorganised into six regional teams (on [[Administrative units of Pakistan|provincial lines]]). A three tier bottom-up system<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/city-cricket-association-tournament-schedule-announced.html|title = City Cricket Association tournament schedule announced|website=Pcb.com.pk}}</ref> is in operation with the '''Tier 1''' teams participating in the [[Quaid-e-Azam Trophy]] ([[first-class cricket|First Class]]), [[Pakistan Cup]] ([[List A cricket|List A]]) and [[National T20 Cup]] (Regional [[Twenty20|T20]]). The Tier 2 teams participate in the City Cricket Association Tournament whilst the Tier 3 teams participate in various local tournaments as both tiers feed players to the Tier 1 team.
* '''Tier 1: Central Punjab'''
* '''Tier 2:''' Lahore (East), Lahore (West), Lahore (North), Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Kasur, Sialkot, Narowal, Hafizabad, Gujrat, Mandi Bahauddin, Faisalabad, Sargodha, Mianwali, Jhang & Bhakkar.
* '''Tier 3:''' Various Clubs & Schools.

==See also==
* [[Balochistan cricket team]]
* [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa cricket team]]
* [[Northern cricket team]]
* [[Sindh cricket team]]
* [[Southern Punjab cricket team (Pakistan)|Southern Punjab cricket team]]
* [[List of Central Punjab squads]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Pakistani first class cricket teams}}

[[Category:Cricket teams in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Central Punjab cricketers]]

{{Pakistan-cricket-team-stub}}

List of Tamil films of 2020

2026-03-24T15:35:09Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor):

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
This is a '''list of [[Tamil language]] films''' produced in the [[Tamil cinema]] in India that were released/scheduled to be released in 2020.
{{Tamil films}}

== Box office collection ==
The highest-grossing Tamil films released in 2020, by worldwide [[box office]] [[gross revenue]], are as follows:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style=" margin:auto;"
|+Highest worldwide gross of 2020
|-
!Rank
!Film
!Production company
!Worldwide gross
!References
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 1
|''[[Darbar (film)|Darbar]]''
|[[Lyca Productions]]
|₹202–250 crore
|{{efn|''Darbar''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹202 crore (''[[Pinkvilla]]''<ref name="HG">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Jatinder |date=23 June 2022 |title=Highest grossing Kollywood (Tamil) films of all time; Vikram box office collections nears 400 crores worldwide |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/highest-grossing-kollywood-movies-all-time-vikram-nears-400-crores-worldwide-1148728 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605021504/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/highest-grossing-kollywood-movies-all-time-vikram-nears-400-crores-worldwide-1148728 |archive-date=5 June 2023 |access-date=28 August 2024 |website=PINKVILLA}}</ref>) – ₹250 crore (''[[Hindustan Times]]''<ref name="DB">{{Cite web |date=31 January 2020 |title=Darbar BO: Film a colossal flop, distributors plan to approach Rajinikanth |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/darbar-box-office-film-ends-up-as-a-colossal-flop-distributors-plan-to-approach-rajinikanth/story-j7miLvAkLvmFHhqd59cuLM.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820185843/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/darbar-box-office-film-ends-up-as-a-colossal-flop-distributors-plan-to-approach-rajinikanth/story-j7miLvAkLvmFHhqd59cuLM.html |archive-date=20 August 2020 |access-date=16 June 2022 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>)}}
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 2
|''[[Pattas]]''
|[[Sathya Jyothi Films]]
|{{INR}}39.50–44 crore
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dixit |first=Mohit |date=11 March 2025 |title=Box Office: Analysing theatrical performance of Dhanush's recent movies- Raayan emerges biggest grosser |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/box-office-analysing-theatrical-performance-of-dhanushs-recent-movies-raayan-emerges-biggest-grosser-1376987 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250328171808/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/box-office-analysing-theatrical-performance-of-dhanushs-recent-movies-raayan-emerges-biggest-grosser-1376987 |archive-date=28 March 2025 |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="gross">{{Cite web |date=1 April 2021 |title=Kollywood box office roundup 2020: Rajinikanth disappoints, Ashok Selvan springs a surprise |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/kollywood-box-office-roundup-2020-rajinikanth-disappoints-ashok-selvan-springs-a-surprise-933153.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422212107/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/kollywood-box-office-roundup-2020-rajinikanth-disappoints-ashok-selvan-springs-a-surprise-933153.html |archive-date=22 April 2024 |access-date=2 December 2024 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!style="text-align:center;"|3
|''[[Psycho (2020 film)|Psycho]]''
|[[Red Giant Movies]]
|{{INRConvert|25|c|lk=c|year=2020}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Roktim Rajpal,DH Web |title=Kollywood box office roundup 2020: Rajinikanth disappoints, Ashok Selvan springs a surprise |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/kollywood-box-office-roundup-2020-rajinikanth-disappoints-ashok-selvan-springs-a-surprise-933153.html |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Released films==
=== January – March ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Opening
! style="width:20%;" |Title
!Director
!Cast
!Studio
!Ref
|-
| rowspan="16" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;" |'''J A N'''
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''3'''
|''Anantha Veedu''|| Sugumaran || Sugumaran, Shivayam, Nagarajan || Nila Movie Makers ||
|-
|''Ayya Ullen Ayya''
|[[Erode Soundar]]
|Kabilesh, Prarthana Sandeep, [[J. Livingston|Livingston]], [[Manobala]]
|Veera Sri Santhana Karuparayan
|
|-
|''En Sangathu Aala Adichavan Evanada''
|Naveen Manikandan
|Vikkas, Madhumitha, [[Delhi Ganesh]], Chitra
|SH Media Dreams
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/01/14225821/1281382/en-sangathu-ala-adichavan-evanda-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=காதல் பிரச்சனை - என் சங்கத்து ஆள அடிச்சவன் எவன்டா விமர்சனம்|date=14 January 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
|''Kadhal Vizhigal''
|Sri Sumathy
|Jayabalan, Sri Sumathy
|Sri Sumathy
|
|-
|''[[Pachai Vilakku (2020 film)|Pachai Vilakku]]''
|Maran
|Maran, Theesha, [[Imman Annachi]], [[Manobala]]
|Digithink Mediawork
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/040120/pachai-vilakku-review-romancing-the-traffic.html|title=Pachai Vilakku review: Romancing the traffic|first=Anupama|last=Subramanian|date=4 January 2020|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pizhai]]''
|Rajavel Krishnaa
|Kakka Muttai Ramesh, Appa Nasath, [[Mime Gopi]], [[Charle]]
|Turning Point Productions
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pizhai/movie-review/73079114.cms|title=Pizhai Movie Review: The film becomes preachy after a point|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thedu]]''
|Suci Easwar
|Sanjay, Meghana, Sivakasi Murgesan, Kamaraj
|Kishore Cine Arts
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thedu/movie-review/73097830.cms|title=Thedu Movie Review: A clichéd hero and heroine characterisation, a weird antagonist and the amateurish action scenes|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''Thottu Vidum Thooram''
|V. P. Nageswaran
|Vivek Raj, Monica Chinnakotla, [[J. Livingston|Livingston]], [[Seetha (actress)|Seetha]]
|Usha Cine Creations
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/01/03122614/1279301/Thottu-Vidum-Thooram-movie-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=கிராமத்து இளைஞனின் காதல் பயணம் - தொட்டு விடும் தூரம் விமர்சனம்|date=3 January 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''9'''
|''[[Darbar (film)|Darbar]]''||[[AR Murugadoss]]||[[Rajinikanth]], [[Nayanthara]], [[Nivetha Thomas]], [[Suniel Shetty]]||[[Lyca Productions]]||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/darbar/movie-review/73165150.cms|title=Darbar Movie Review {3/5}: An engaging commercial cocktail of action and drama|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''15'''
|''[[Pattas]]''
|[[R. S. Durai Senthilkumar]]
|[[Dhanush]], [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]], [[Mehreen Pirzada]], [[Naveen Chandra]]
|[[Sathya Jyothi Films]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pattas/movie-review/73263062.cms|title=Pattas Movie Review {2.5/5}: This Pattas offers no bang|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''24'''
|''[[Psycho (2020 film)|Psycho]]''
|[[Mysskin]]
|[[Udhayanidhi Stalin]], [[Aditi Rao Hydari]], [[Nithya Menen]]
|Double Meaning Production
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/psycho/movie-review/73576457.cms|title=Psycho Movie Review {3.5/5}: Not a regular serial killer film|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rajavukku Check]]''
|Sai Rajkumar
|[[Cheran (director)|Cheran]], [[Srushti Dange]], [[Sarayu (actress)|Sarayu Mohan]], Nandana Varma
|Pallatte Kokkatt Film House
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/rajavukku-check/movie-review/73558375.cms|title=Rajavukku Check Movie Review: New-age plot let down by hoary treatment|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Taana (film)|Taana]]''
|Yuvaraj Subramani
|[[Vaibhav Reddy|Vaibhav]], [[Nandita Swetha]], [[Yogi Babu]]
|Nobel Movies Production
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/taana/movie-review/73582823.cms|title=Taana Movie Review: A tedious outing filled with clichés|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''31'''
|''[[Dagaalty]]''||Vijay Anand||[[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]], [[Rittika Sen]], [[Yogi Babu]]||[[Santhanam (actor)|Hand Made Films]]||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/dagaalty/movie-review/73791957.cms|title=Dagaalty Movie Review: Tests our patience and is a tiring watch|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Maayanadhi]]''||Ashok Thiagarajan||[[Abi Saravanan]], Venba, [[Aadukalam Naren]]|| Raji Nila Mukil Films ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/maayanadhi/movie-review/73768476.cms|title=Maayanadhi Movie Review: Abetter script would have helped them more|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Utraan]]''
|O. Rajagajini
|Roshan Udayakumar, Heroshini Komali, [[Priyanka Nair]]
|Sat Cinemas
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/utraan/movie-review/73792056.cms|title=Utraan Movie Review: Wafer-thin plot is made worse by weak screenplay, unpleasant characters and a bizarre climax.|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="20" style="text-align:center; background:#ff33ff; textcolor:;" |'''F E B'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ff99ff;" |'''1'''
|''[[Naadodigal 2]]''
|[[Samuthirakani]]
|[[M. Sasikumar|Sasikumar]], [[Anjali (film actress)|Anjali]], [[Athulya Ravi]]
|Madras Enterprises
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/naadodigal-2/movie-review/73840103.cms|title=Naadodigal 2 Movie Review: Some good moments, but message-first approach bring down Naadodigal-2|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99ff;" |'''7'''
|''[[Adavi (film)|Adavi]]''
|[[G. Ramesh]]
|[[Vinoth Kishan]], [[Ammu Abhirami|Ammu Abirami]], Attapadi Radhakrishnan
|Shri Krish Pictures
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/adavi/movie-review/73989975.cms|title=Adavi Movie Review: The kind of film which is less a movie and more a message.|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''Pulikodi Devan''
|S. P. Raaj Prabhu
|V. Krishnaswamy, Amala Maria
|Chozha Nadu Talkies
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/02/09170106/1285126/Pulikodi-Devan-movie-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=சாதிவெறியால் சின்னாபின்னமாகும் காதல் - புலிக்கொடி தேவன் விமர்சனம்|date=9 February 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sandimuni]]''
|Milka S. Selvakumar
|[[Natty Subramaniam|Natty]], [[Manisha Yadav]], [[Yogi Babu]]
|Sivam Media Works
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sandimuni/movie-review/74008285.cms|title=Sandimuni Movie Review: The rehash of several done-to-death horror films|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Seeru]]''
|Rathina Siva
|[[Jiiva]], [[Riya Suman]], Gayathri Krishnaa, [[Navdeep]]
|[[Ishari K. Ganesh|Vels Film International]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/seeru/movie-review/73990026.cms|title=Seeru Movie Review: A solid masala movie that nicely balances sentiment and action|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vaanam Kottattum]]''
|Dhana
|[[R. Sarathkumar|Sarathkumar]], [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]], [[Vikram Prabhu]], [[Aishwarya Rajesh]]
|[[Madras Talkies]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vaanam-kottattum/movie-review/74003435.cms|title=Vaanam Kottattum Movie Review: Ensemble cast makes Vaanam Kottattum endearing|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99ff;" |'''14'''
|''Day Knight''||N. K. Kandi||Aadarsh, Finny Mathew, Vipin Thomas|| Futurz International || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/02/18205526/1286701/Day-Knight-movie-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=நாயகனை தேடி வெளிநாடு செல்லும் நாயகிக்கு என்ன ஆனது - டே நைட் விமர்சனம்|date=18 February 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Naan Sirithaal]]''
|Raana
|[[Hiphop Tamizha]], [[Iswarya Menon]]
|[[Avni Cinemax|Avni Movies]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/naan-sirithal/movie-review/74128351.cms|title=Naan Sirithal Movie Review: The film has the required ingredients for a popcorn entertainer, but is still under-cooked|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Oh My Kadavule]]''
|[[Ashwath Marimuthu]]
|[[Ashok Selvan]], [[Ritika Singh]], [[Vani Bhojan]]
|Axess Film Factory
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/oh-my-kadavule/movie-review/74104692.cms|title=Oh My Kadavule Movie Review: It is this sensitivity that makes Oh My Kadavule refreshing|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99ff;" |'''21'''
|''[[Baaram]]''
|[[Priya Krishnaswamy]]
|Raju, Stella Gobi
|Reckless Roses
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/baaram/movie-review/74177321.cms|title=Baaram Movie Review: The arthouse approach is both a plus and a minus|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''[[God Father (2020 film)|God Father]]''
|Jegan Rajshekar
|[[Natty Subramaniam|Natty]], [[Lal (actor)|Lal]], [[Ananya (actress)|Ananya]]
|GS Arts
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/god-father/movie-review/74228175.cms|title=God Father Movie Review: The tension inherent in the plot helps the film coast through|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''Kutty Devathai''
|K. Alexander
|Chozhavendhan, Teja Reddy, [[Vela Ramamoorthy]]
|Jai Shakthi Movies
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/02/21125133/1287129/Kutti-Devathai-Movie-Review-in-Tamil.vpf|title=கல் நெஞ்சக்காரரை அன்பால் மாற்றும் குழந்தை - குட்டி தேவதை|date=21 February 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kanni Maadam]]''
|[[Bose Venkat]]
|Sriram Karthick, Saya Devi, [[Aadukalam Murugadoss|Murugadoss]], [[Mime Gopi]]
|MSM Movie Traders
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kanni-maadam/movie-review/74244201.cms|title=Kanni Maadam Movie Review: The lacklustre screenplay doesn't engage after a point|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mafia: Chapter 1]]''
|[[Karthick Naren]]
|[[Arun Vijay]], [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]], [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]]
|[[Lyca Productions]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/mafia-chapter-1/movie-review/74237745.cms|title=Mafia Review {3/5}: The way 'Mafia: Chapter 1' ends makes us eagerly wait for the next chapter|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Meendum Oru Mariyathai]]''
|[[Bharathiraja]]
|[[Bharathiraja]], Nakshatra
|[[Bharathiraja|Manoj Creations]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/meendum-oru-mariyadhai/movie-review/74244746.cms|title=Meendum Oru Mariyadhai Movie Review: What starts off as a decent narration eventually turns out into a tiring outing.|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99ff;" |'''28'''
|''[[Draupathi (2020 film)|Draupathi]]''
|Mohan G
|[[Richard Rishi]], [[Sheela Rajkumar]], [[Karunas]]
|GM Film Corporation
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/draupathi/movie-review/74339447.cms|title=Draupathi Movie Review: The film turns into a drama where message gains preference over storytelling|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Galtha]]''
|S. Hari Uthraa
|Antony Sagayaraj, Siva Nishanth, Ayraa Jain, [[Appukutty]]
|Malar Movie Makers
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/galtha/movie-review/74384999.cms|title=Galtha Movie Review: There is amateurishness on all fronts, from the writing to the acting to the scoring.|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Irumbu Manithan]]''
|Disney
|[[Santhosh Prathap]], Archana, [[Ganja Karuppu]]
|Shankar Movies International
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/irumbu-manithan/movie-review/74385178.cms|title=Irumbu Manithan Movie Review : An overly melodramatic films|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''Kadalil Kattumaramai''
| Yuvraj Munish
| Rakshan, Rithika, Elaya, Latha Sai
| SB Shoba Movies
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/03/04230548/1309252/Kadalil-Kattumaramaai-movie-review-in-Tamil.vpf|title=விவசாயமும்... வெளிநாட்டு முதலீட்டாளர்களும்... கடலில் கட்டுமரமாய் விமர்சனம்|date=4 March 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal]]''
|Desingh Periyasamy
|[[Dulquer Salmaan]], [[Ritu Varma]], [[Rakshan]], [[Niranjani Ahathian|Niranjani]]
|Anto Joseph Film Company
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/kannum-kannum-kollai-adithaal/movieshow/61987574.cms|title=Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos | eTimes|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="11" style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98; textcolor:#000;" |'''M A R'''
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0;" |'''6'''
|''[[College Kumar (2020 film)|College Kumar]]''
| Hari Santhosh
|[[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]], [[Rahul Vijay]], [[Priya Vadlamani]], [[Madhoo]]
|M. R. Pictures
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/college-kumar/movie-review/74522053.cms|title=College Kumar Movie Review: The plot sounds okayish on paper, but the execution falters mainly due to nativity factor|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ettuthikkum Para]]''
|Keera
|[[Samuthirakani]], [[Chandini Tamilarasan]], [[Nitish Veera]]
|Varnalaya Cine Creations
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/03/09200427/1310093/Ettu-Thikkum-Para-Movie-review-in-Tamil.vpf|title=ஐந்து கதைகள்... ஒரே மையப்புள்ளி - எட்டுத்திக்கும் பற விமர்சனம்|date=9 March 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Gypsy (2020 film)|Gypsy]]''
|[[Raju Murugan]]
|[[Jiiva]], Natasha Singh, [[Sunny Wayne]]
|Olympia Movies
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/gypsy/movie-review/74480332.cms|title=Gypsy Movie Review: A well-intended film let down by writing and the censors|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Indha Nilai Maarum]]''
|Arunkanth
|Ramkumar, [[Ashwin Kumar Lakshmikanthan]], [[Nivedhithaa Sathish]]
|Panthalam Cinemas
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/indha-nilai-maarum/movie-review/74478023.cms|title=Indha Nilai Maarum Movie Review: The film is unappealing in every ways|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Velvet Nagaram]]''
|Manojkumar Natarajan
|[[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]], [[Ramesh Thilak]]
|Makers Studios
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/velvet-nagaram/movie-review/74477220.cms|title=Velvet Nagaram Movie Review: A wannabe thriller flick|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0;" |'''13'''
| ''Alti''
| M. J. Hussain
| Anbhu Mayilsami, [[Manishajith]], [[Sendrayan]]
| NSR Film Factory
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/12/02150622/2125754/alti-movie-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=செல்போன் திருட்டும்.... திடுக்கிடும் பின்னணியும் - அல்டி விமர்சனம்|date=2 December 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Asuraguru]]''
|A. Rajdeep
|[[Vikram Prabhu]], [[Mahima Nambiar]]
|JSB Film Studios
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/asuraguru/movie-review/74611011.cms|title=Asuraguru Movie Review: Lacks conviction and engaging performances|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Dharala Prabhu]]''
|Krishna Marimuthu
|[[Harish Kalyan]], [[Tanya Hope]], [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]]
| Screen Scene Media Entertainment ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/dharala-prabhu/movie-review/74605584.cms|title=Dharala Prabhu Movie Review: Director Krishna Marimuthu has succeeded in a fine execution of Vicky Donor remake|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
|''Kayiru''
| Ganesh
| S. R. Gunaa, Kavya Madhav, Cheranraj
| Skyway Pictures
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/03/13124730/1320829/kayiru-movie-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=பூம் பூம் மாட்டுக்கார இளைஞனின் காதல் கைகூடியதா? - கயிறு விமர்சனம்|date=13 March 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
|''Thanchamada Nee Yenakku''
| M. Charle
| Dileep Poonthura, Binees Baskar, Tiger Khan
| RM Real Media
|
|-
|''[[Walter (2020 film)|Walter]]''
|U. Anbarasan
|[[Sibi Sathyaraj|Sibiraj]], [[Shirin Kanchwala]], [[Samuthirakani]]
|11:11 Productions (P) Ltd
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/walter/movie-review/74605524.cms|title=Walter Movie Review: Insipid screenplay and lack of engaging moments make Walter a tiring outing.|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|}

=== April – June ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Opening
! style="width:20%;" |Title
!Director
!Cast
!Studio
!Ref
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#aa00ff; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''A P R'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d580ff" |'''1'''
|''[[Sethum Aayiram Pon]]''
|Anand Ravichandran
| Srilekha Rajendran, [[Nivedhithaa Sathish]], Avinash Raghudevan
|Wishberry Films
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/sethum-aayiram-pon-review-a-heartwarming-tale-of-life-death-and-everything-in-between/story-DG7ngi6TBmuKYx3aYMP7YN.html|title=Sethum Aayiram Pon review: A heartwarming tale of life, death and everything in between|date=1 April 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''M A Y'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''29'''
| ''[[Ponmagal Vandhal]]'' || J. J. Frederick || [[Jyothika]], [[R. Parthiban|Parthiban]], [[K. Bhagyaraj]] || [[2D Entertainment]], [[Amazon Prime Video]] || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ponmagal-vandhal/movie-review/76082878.cms|title=Ponmagal Vandhal Movie Review {2.0/5}: Critic Review of Ponmagal Vandhal by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=30 May 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''30'''
| ''[[Mamakiki]]'' || data-sort-value="Anthology"|Shree Karthick G. Radhakrishnan Sameer Bharath Ram Karthik Siva Vadivel || Preetha Anandan, [[Ramesh Thilak]], [[Dev (Tamil actor)|Dev]] || Super Talkies, [[ZEE5]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2020/jun/02/mamakiki-review-this-comedy-well-runs-dry-2150914.html|title='MamaKiki' review: This comedy well runs dry|website=The New Indian Express|date=2 June 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''J U N'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;"|'''19'''
| ''[[Penguin (film)|Penguin]]'' || Eashvar Karthic || [[Keerthy Suresh]], Linga, [[Madhampatty Rangaraj]] || Stone Bench Films, Passion Studios, [[Amazon Prime Video]] || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/penguin/movie-review/76454190.cms|title=Penguin Movie Review: Some chills and many cheats in this underwhelming emotional thriller|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Yaadhumagi Nindraai]]'' || [[Gayathri Raguram]] || [[Gayathri Raguram]], Nivas Adithan, Sindhu Krishnan || [[Gayathri Raguram|Suja Movies]], ZEE5 ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/tamil/2020/jun/19/yaadhumaagi-nindraai-review-flat-narrative-weighs-down-strong-message-18986.html|title=Yaadhumaagi Nindraai review: Flat narrative weighs down strong message|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=19 June 2020 }}</ref>
|}

=== July–September ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Opening
! style="width:20%;" |Title
!Director
!Cast
!Studio
!Ref
|-
|- July
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;" |'''J U L'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''10'''
| ''[[Cocktail (2020 film)|Cocktail]]'' || Vijaya Murugan || [[Yogi Babu]], Rashmi Gopinath, Mithun Maheswaran, KPY Bala || [[P. G. Muthiah|PG Mediaworks]], ZEE5 || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gqindia.com/binge-watch/collection/20-upcoming-new-indian-shows-movies-on-amazon-prime-video-netflix-disney-hotstar-sonyliv-zee5-july-2020/|title=20 new Indian shows & movies on Amazon Prime Video, Netflix, Disney+ Hotstar, SonyLIV, ZEE5 to look forward to in July 2020|date=30 June 2020|website=GQ India}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''31'''
| ''Hawala'' || Ammith Rao || Srinivas, Ammith Rao, Amulya, [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] || Apples and Pears Filmy Mystics || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.binged.com/reviews/hawala-mx-player-tamil-movie-review/|title=Hawala MX Player Tamil Movie Review | Hawala Movie Review Ratings|first=Binged|last=Bureau|date=31 July 2020|website=Binged}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#32CD32;" textcolor:#d580ff;" |'''A U G'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0;" |'''1'''
| ''[[Danny (2020 film)|Danny]]'' || L. C. Santhanamoorthy || [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]], [[Vela Ramamoorthy]] || [[P. G. Muthiah|PG Mediaworks]] || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/danny/movie-review/77294532.cms|title=Danny Movie Review {1.5/5}: Critic Review of Danny by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0;" |'''14'''
| ''[[Lock Up (2020 film)|Lock Up]]'' || S. G. Charles || [[Vaibhav Reddy|Vaibhav]], [[Venkat Prabhu]], [[Vani Bhojan]] || [[Nithin Sathya|Shvedh Group]] || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/lock-up/movie-review/77541075.cms|title=Lock Up Movie Review: An engaging non-linear narration with twists at regular intervals make it an interesting watch|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0;" |'''15'''
| ''[[Onbathu Kuzhi Sampath]]'' || J. A. Ragupathi || Balaji Maharaja, [[Nikhila Vimal]], [[Appukutty]] || 80-20 Pictures || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/onbathu-kuzhii-sampath/movie-review/77555253.cms|title=Onbathu Kuzhii Sampath Movie Review: An earnest but dated melodrama|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|- September!
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''S E P'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d9e4f1;"|'''6'''
| ''Madham'' || Rajni || Vijayshankar, Swathishta Krishnan, John, Dinakaran || Kalikambal Films ||
|}

=== October–December ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Opening
! style="width:20%;" |Title
!Director
!Cast
!Studio
!Ref
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#ffba00; textcolor:#000;" |'''O C T'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#FADA5E;" |'''2'''
| ''[[Ka Pae Ranasingam]]'' || P. Virumaandi || [[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Aishwarya Rajesh]], Bhavani Sre || KJR Studios
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/when-and-where-to-watch-vijay-sethupathi-ka-pae-ranasingam-6606055/|title=When and where to watch Vijay Sethupathi's Ka Pae Ranasingam|date=22 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nishabdham|Silence]]'' || [[Hemant Madhukar]] || [[R. Madhavan|Madhavan]], [[Anushka Shetty]], [[Michael Madsen]], [[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]] || People Media Factory, [[Kona Venkat|Kona Film Corporation]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hemanth-madhukar-on-the-making-of-nishabdham/article32684951.ece|title=The making of 'Nishabdham'|first=Sangeetha Devi|last=Dundoo|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 September 2020|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#FADA5E;" |'''6'''
| ''[[Varmaa]]'' || [[Bala (director)|Bala]] || [[Dhruv Vikram]], [[Megha Chowdhury]], [[Raiza Wilson]] || E4 Entertainment
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/585865-varma-release-date-announced.html|title=ஓடிடியில் 'வர்மா' வெளியீட்டுத் தேதி அறிவிப்பு|website=Hindu Tamil Thisai|date=October 2020 |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#FADA5E;" |'''16'''
| ''[[Putham Pudhu Kaalai]]'' || data-sort-value="Anthology"|[[Sudha Kongara]] [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] [[Rajiv Menon]] [[Suhasini Maniratnam]] [[Karthik Subbaraj]] || [[Jayaram]], [[Ritu Varma]], [[Shruti Haasan]], [[Andrea Jeremiah]], [[Bobby Simha]] || [[Amazon Prime Video]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/amazon-netflix-reveal-tamil-language-anthology-films-1234788731/|title=Amazon and Netflix Reveal Tamil-Language Anthology Films|first1=Naman|last1=Ramachandran|date=1 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#FADA5E;" |'''27'''
| ''Patra Vaitha Nerupondru'' || Vinoth Rajendran ||Dinesh Sadasivam, [[Smruthi Venkat]], Ranjith || Iruvar Film Factory ||<ref>{{Citation |title=Patra Vaitha Nerupondru movie review: Poor acting spoiled promising script. |newspaper=Movie Laundry | url-status=dead |url=https://movielaundry.in/patra-vaitha-nerupondru-movie-review-poor-acting-spoiled-promising-script/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024130239/https://movielaundry.in/patra-vaitha-nerupondru-movie-review-poor-acting-spoiled-promising-script/| archive-date=24 October 2021 |access-date=2022-04-27}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#FADA5E;" |'''30'''
| ''[[Nungambakkam (film)|Nungambakkam]]'' || [[Ramesh Selvan]] || [[Ajmal Ameer|Ajmal]], Mano, Ayra, [[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]] || Dream World Cinemas
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/tamil/2020/nov/23/nungambakkam-movie-review-an-easily-forgettable-snooze-fest-21418.html|title=Nungambakkam Movie Review: An easily forgettable snooze fest|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=23 November 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|-November!
| rowspan="17" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4; textcolor:#000;" |'''N O V'''
| style="text-align:center;background:#66DDAA;"|'''12'''
| ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]''||[[Sudha Kongara]]||[[Suriya]], [[Paresh Rawal]], [[Aparna Balamurali]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Mohan Babu]] ||[[2D Entertainment]], [[Amazon Prime Video]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/soorarai-pottru/movie-review/79178860.cms|title=Soorarai Pottru Movie Review: Soorarai Pottru is an inspiring tale with a robust performance from Suriya|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#66DDAA;"|'''14'''
| ''[[Biskoth]]'' || [[R. Kannan]] || [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]], [[Tara Alisha Berry]], [[Sowcar Janaki]] || [[R. Kannan|Masala Pix]] || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/biskoth/movie-review/79222682.cms|title=Biskoth Movie Review: Biskoth is more like Lollu Sabha with few jokes|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Irandam Kuththu]]'' || [[Santhosh P. Jayakumar]] || [[Santhosh P. Jayakumar]], Akrithi Singh || Flying Horse Pictures || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/irandam-kuththu/movie-review/79221142.cms|title=Irandam Kuththu Movie Review: Irandam Kuthu is crassier and duller|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Marijuana (2020 film)|Marijuana]]'' || M. D. Anand || [[Rishi Rithvik]], Asha Parthalom || Third Eye Creation || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/11/15152458/2071686/Marijuana-movie-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=போதையால் ஏற்படும் விளைவு - மரிஜுவானா விமர்சனம்|date=15 November 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mookuthi Amman]]'' || [[RJ Balaji]] N. J. Saravanan || [[Nayanthara]], RJ Balaji, [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], Smruthi Venkat || [[Ishari K. Ganesh|Vels Film International]] || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/mookuthi-amman/movie-review/79221483.cms|title=Mookuthi Amman Movie Review: Nayanthara and Urvashi steal the show; RJ Balaji brings the house down with one-liners|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Naanga Romba Busy]]'' || [[Badri (director)|Badri]] || [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]], [[Shaam (actor)|Shaam]], [[Ashwin Kakumanu]], [[Shruti Marathe]] || [[Avni Cinemax|Avni Movies]] || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/naanga-romba-busy/movie-review/79222612.cms|title=Naanga Romba Busy Movie Review: This demonetisation comedy often lacks spunk|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thatrom Thookrom]]'' || Arul Suriakannu || Teejay Arunasalam, [[Kaali Venkat]], [[Cheenu Mohan]] || Media Marshal || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/11/18234021/2082524/thatrom-thookrom-movie-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=பிரச்சனையில் சிக்கும் மூன்று இளைஞர்கள் - தட்றோம் தூக்றோம் விமர்சனம்|date=18 November 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#66DDAA;"|'''20'''
| ''Puranagar'' || Minnal Murugan || Kamal Govindraj, Ashwini Chandrasekar, Suganya || Valliyammaal Production || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/11/22173239/2093431/Puranagar-movie-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=சாதிப் பிரச்சனையால் ஏற்படும் விளைவு - புறநகர் விமர்சனம்|date=22 November 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Quota (2020 film)|Quota]]'' || P. Amudhavanan || Chella, Saji Subarna, Naresh Madeswar || Team A Ventures || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/11/20211936/2082994/Quata-movie-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=Quota Movie Review: An earnest but overly melodramatic film|date=20 November 2020|via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''Routtu'' || A. C. Manikandan || Kavithiran, Madhumitha, [[Appukutty]], [[Mime Gopi]] || Saromi Movie Garland ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;background:#66DDAA;"|'''24'''
| ''[[Andhaghaaram]]'' || V. Vignarajan || [[Arjun Das]], [[Vinoth Kishan]], [[Pooja Ramachandran]], [[Misha Ghoshal]] || [[Atlee (director)|A for Apple]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2020/nov/25/andhaghaaram-movie-reviewlong-fuse-for-a-middling-payoff-2227614.html|title=Andhaghaaram movie review: Long fuse for a middling payoff|website=The New Indian Express|date=25 November 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#66DDAA;"|'''26'''
| ''[[Manne Number 13|13aam Number Veedu]]'' || Vivy Kathiresan || [[Ramana (actor)|Ramana]], [[Sanjeev (Tamil actor, born 1989)|Sanjeev]], [[Praveen Prem]], [[Varsha Bollamma]] || Sri Swarnalatha Productions || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/mane-number-13/movie-review/79424287.cms|title=Mane Number 13 Movie Review: A fright fest with some predictable twists|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Theeviram]]'' || [[Michael Muthu]] || [[Gokul Anand]], [[Amzath Khan]], [[Arjun Chidambaram]] || Super Talkies ||
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#66DDAA;"|'''27'''
| ''Aarvakolaru'' || G. V. Chandar || Abilash, Preethi Dyana, Martin Jayaraj || Big Screen Cinemas ||
|-
| ''Dhowalath'' || Sanjhey Siva || Sakthi Sivan, Ritu, [[Yogi Babu]], [[Yog Japee]] || Right Arts ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/12/02220737/2125838/Dhowlath-Movie-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=போதைப்பொருளும் தாதா கும்பலும்... தௌலத் விமர்சனம்|date=2 December 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kavalthurai Ungal Nanban]]'' || RDM || Suresh Ravi, [[Raveena Ravi]], [[Mime Gopi]] || BR Talkies Corporation || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kavalthurai-ungal-nanban/movie-review/79371800.cms|title=Kavalthurai Ungal Nanban Movie Review: A harrowing account of how institutions of power abuse it|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Yen Peyar Anandhan]]'' || Sridhar Venkatesan || [[Santhosh Prathap]], [[Athulya Ravi]], [[Deepak Paramesh]] || Savitha Cine Arts || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/yen-peyar-anandhan/movie-review/79444389.cms|title=Yen Peyar Anandhan Movie Review: An earnest but wannabe experimental cinema|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-December!
| rowspan="26" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA;" |'''D E C'''
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#76ABDF;"|'''4'''
| ''Ithu En Kathal Puthakam'' || Madhu G. Kamalam || Jai Jacob, Rajesh Raj, Anjitha Sree || Roseland Cinemas || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/12/04204115/2126359/Ithu-en-kadhal-puthagam-movie-review.vpf|title=படித்து சாதிக்க நினைக்கும் நாயகி... இது என் காதல் புத்தகம் விமர்சனம்|date=4 December 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''Kadathal Kaaran'' || S. Kumar || Kevin, Renu Soundar, Rukmini Babu || F3 Films || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/12/05182122/2136582/Kadathal-Kaaran-movie-Review-in-tamil.vpf|title=கடத்தல் கும்பலிடம் சிக்கும் நாயகி... கடத்தல்காரன் விமர்சனம்|date=5 December 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kanni Raasi]]'' || Muthukumaran || [[Vimal (actor)|Vimal]], [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]], [[Pandiarajan]] || King Movie Makers || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kanni-rasi/movie-review/79566474.cms|title=Kanni Rasi Movie Review: A joint family convinces youngest member to fall in love|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| ''Soodu'' || S. Arumugasamy || M. Pandian, Sasana, Thendral || SKM Medias || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/12/09231120/2147643/Soodu-movie-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=போதைக்கு அடிமையாகி குடும்பத்தை இழக்கும் நாயகன் - சூடு விமர்சனம்|date=9 December 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:#76ABDF;"|'''11'''
| ''Biya'' || Raaj Gokul Dass || Jubilrajan P. Dev, Savanthika || Aromal Cine Creation || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/12/15150311/2169077/Tamil-cinema-Biya-movie-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=மர்மக்காட்டில் சிக்கும் கல்லூரி மாணவர்கள் என்ன ஆனார்கள்? - பியா விமர்சனம்|date=15 December 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''Karuppankaatu Valasu'' || Selvendran || Ebenezer Devaraj, [[Neelima Rani|Neelima Esai]], George Vijay Nelson || Crew21 Entertainment || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/12/11224259/2148150/karuppankaatu-valsu-movie-Review-in-Tamil.vpf|title=கிராமத்தில் நடக்கும் நான்கு மர்ம மரணங்கள் - கருப்பங்காட்டு வலசு விமர்சனம்|date=11 December 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kombu (film)|Kombu]]'' || E. Ibrahim || [[Lollu Sabha Jeeva]], [[Disha Pandey]], [[Pandiarajan]] || Sri Sai Srivivasa Pictures || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/12/11180717/2148110/Kombu-movie-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=நாயகியுடன் பேய் பங்களாவில் சிக்கும் நாயகன் - கொம்பு விமர்சனம்|date=11 December 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''Mei Maranthen'' || V. Muthukumar || Sanjay, [[Sanyathara]], Nekha || CGM Pictures ||
|-
| ''Miya'' || A. L. Ravi Mathew S. || [[Namitha]], [[Sonia Agarwal]], Veerender || E Media Productions ||
|-
| ''[[Thiruvalar Panchangam]]'' || Malarvizhi Natesan || [[Ananth Nag (Tamil actor)|Ananth Nag]], [[Kadhal Sukumar]], [[Aadukalam Naren]] || Alar Studios || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thiruvalar-panchankam/movie-review/79682657.cms|title=Thiruvalar Panchankam Movie Review: Aimless screenplay, weak humour and ineffective twists make Thiruvalar Panchankam a tedious affair|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#76ABDF;"|'''18'''
| ''Kallathanam'' || E. C. Dhandapani || Yugan, Sapna, Martin, Kannan || Win Pictures || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/12/22194612/2190875/Kallaththanam-movie-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=தாதாவை பழிவாங்கத் துடிக்கும் நாயகன் நாயகி... கள்ளத்தனம் விமர்சனம்|date=22 December 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''Selathu Ponnu'' || Star Ganesh || Star Ganesh, Kamali || Star Ganesh ||
|-
| ''Sollunganne Sollunga'' || Elango Lakshman || [[Mahanadi Shankar]], [[Nellai Siva]], [[Halwa Vasu]] || Arun Creations ||
|-
| ''Vaazhthugiren'' || Ramasubramanian || Kutty Raja, Jeni || MM Cinemas ||
|-
| rowspan="11" style="text-align:center;background:#76ABDF;"|'''25'''
| ''Chithirame Solladi'' || Gourishankar || Cool Suresh, Gopika Nair, [[Mahanadi Shankar]] || MGS Productions || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/12/28171242/2202181/Tamil-cinema-Chithirame-Solladi-movie-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=பெண்கள் சந்திக்கும் இன்னல்கள் பற்றி பேசும் படம் - சித்திரமே சொல்லடி விமர்சனம்|date=28 December 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Chiyangal]]'' || Vaigarai Balan || Karikalan, Risha, [[Nalinikanth]] || KL Productions || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/chiyangal/movie-review/79873100.cms|title=Chiyangal Movie Review: The prime attraction of the film is the portrayal of friendship among the senior citizens|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''Enakku Onnu Therinjaakanum'' || K. S. Saravanan || Kiran, Meghana, [[Viji Chandrasekhar]] || Enjoy Creators ||
|-
| ''Manthira Palagai'' || R. Sampath || R. Sampath, Gayathri || Sivasankari Movie Makers || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/12/29191507/2212372/Tamil-cinema-Manthira-Palagai-movie-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=அமானுஷ்யம் நிறைந்த பலகையால் ஏற்படும் விளைவுகள் - மந்திர பலகை விமர்சனம்|date=29 December 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ooratchi Ondriyam'' || K. M. Krishnamurthy || Sridhar, Thamali, [[R. Sundarrajan]] || Pandimuni Pictures ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Pakka Kathai]]'' || [[Balaji Tharaneetharan]] || [[Kalidas Jayaram]], [[Megha Akash]], [[Jeeva Ravi]] || Vasans Visual Ventures || <ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/oru-pakka-kathai/movie-review/79949288.cms {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''Thappa Yosikadheenga'' || Sulthaans || S. P. Raja, Jyothisha || Niranjana Productions || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/12/26202224/2201875/Thappa-Yosikkadeenge-movie-review-in-tamil.vpf|title=வேலைக்குச் செல்லும் மனைவி, வீட்டில் இருக்கும் கணவன் - தப்பா யோசிக்காதீங்க விமர்சனம்|date=26 December 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''Thoonga Kangal'' || T. Vinu || T. Vinu, Durai Sudhakar, [[George Maryan]] || Vetri Films ||
|-
| ''Time Up'' || Manu Parthepan || [[Rajendran]], Manu Parthepan, Monica Chinnakotla || Kalai Cinemas || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/12/30203853/2212612/Time-up-movie-review-in-Tamil.vpf|title=சாமியாரை பகைத்துக் கொண்டதால் நாயகனுக்கு ஏற்படும் விபரீதம் - டைம் அப் விமர்சனம்|date=30 December 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''Uyirkkodi'' || R. P. Ravi || R. P. Ravi, Anjana Naksathra || Jayakkodi Pictures ||
|-
| ''Vaanga Padam Paarkalam'' || K. S. Nesamanavan || GG, Kamali, [[J. Livingston|Livingston]] || SSP Arts Movies || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2020/12/30145842/2212541/Tamil-cinema-Vanga-padam-parkalam-movie-review-in.vpf|title=சினிமாவில் ஹீரோவாக துடிக்கும் இளைஞனின் கதை - வாங்க படம் பார்க்கலாம் விமர்சனம்|date=30 December 2020|website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! style="width:20px;"| Category/organization !! style="width:200px;"| [[67th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards South]] 9 October 2022<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/67th-parle-filmfare-awards-south-2022-suriya-starrer-soorarai-pottru-dominates-by-bagging-awards-under-8-categories/articleshow/94746945.cms | title=67th Parle Filmfare Awards South 2022: Suriya starrer 'Soorarai Pottru' dominates by bagging awards under 8 categories | newspaper=The Times of India | date=10 October 2022 }}</ref> !! style="width:200px;"| [[10th South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards]] 19 September 2021<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/manju-warrier-suriya-others-win-siima-awards-full-list-winners-155560 | title=Manju Warrier, Suriya, others win at SIIMA Awards: Full list of winners | date=21 September 2021 }}</ref> !! style="width:200px;"| [[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]] 30 March 2023<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.filmibeat.com/top-listing/ananda-vikatan-cinema-awards-2023-nominees-and-complete-winners-lists-2-1227.html | title=Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards (2023) - Nominees and Complete Winners Lists – FilmiBeat | date=23 March 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| Best Film || ''[[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]'' (2021) || ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]'' || ''[[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]'' (2021)
|-
| Best Director || [[Sudha Kongara]] ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]'' || [[Sudha Kongara]] ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]'' || [[T. J. Gnanavel]] ''[[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]'' (2021)
|-
| Best Actor || [[Suriya]] ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]'' || [[Suriya]] ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]'' || [[Suriya]] ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]'' / ''[[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]'' (2021)
|-
| Best Actress || [[Lijomol Jose]] ''[[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]'' (2021) || [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] ''[[Ka Pae Ranasingam]]'' || [[Lijomol Jose]] ''[[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]'' (2021)
|-
| Best Music Director || [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]'' || [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]'' || [[Anirudh Ravichander]] ''[[Doctor (2021 film)|Doctor]]'' (2021) / ''[[Master (2021 film)|Master]]'' (2021)
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Tamil cinema}}
{{Indian film list}}
{{2020 films}}

[[Category:Lists of 2020 films by language|Tamil]]
[[Category:Lists of Tamil films by year|2020]]
[[Category:2020 in Indian cinema|Tamil]]
[[Category:2020 Tamil-language films| ]]
[[Category:2020s Indian films|*]]

Anjumoorthy

2026-03-13T01:03:36Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): Made New Article.

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Anjumoorthy
|native_name = Anjumoorthy Mangalam
|native_name_lang = ml
|settlement_type = [[Neighbourhood]]
|image_skyline = Anjumoorthy Temple.JPG
|image_caption = Anjumoorthy temple
|pushpin_map = India Kerala
|pushpin_label_position = left
|pushpin_map_caption = Anjumoorthy, [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]], [[Kerala]]
|coordinates = {{coord|10.6106|N|76.5031|E|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = [[Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[States and Territories of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|..Kerala Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Kerala]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
|established_title = <! -- Established -->
|unit_pref = Metric
|elevation_m = 84.76
|elevation_ft =
|demographics_type1 = [[Language|Languages]]
|demographics1_title1 = [[Office|Official]]
|demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
|demographics1_title2 = [[Speech]]
|demographics1_info2 = [[Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
|timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset1 = +5:30
|postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
|postal_code = 678682
|area_code_type = [[Telephone|Telephone code]]
|area_code = +914922******
|blank1_name_sec1 = [[Neighbourhood|Other Neighbourhoods]]
|blank1_info_sec1 = [[Vadakkencherry]], Ayakkad, [[Mudappallur]], [[Chittilamchery|Chittalancheri]], [[Vadakkancheri-II]], Mannapra, [[Kavasseri|Kavasseri-II]]
|blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha|LS]]
|blank2_info_sec1 = [[Alathur Lok Sabha constituency|Alathur]]
|blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|VS]]
|blank3_info_sec1 = [[Tarur Assembly constituency|Tarur]]
}}

'''Anjumoorthy''' or '''Anjumoorthy Mangalam''' is a neighbourhood in [[Palakkad district]], [[Kerala]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |author=Ajit K. Danda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=edPsAAAAMAAJ&q=Anjumoorthy |title=Weaker Sections in Indian Villages |date=1993 |publisher=Inter-India Publications |isbn=978-81-210-0304-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=Surajit Sinha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pjVdJMBeXU8C&dq=Anjumoorthy&pg=PA598 |title=Anthropology of Weaker Sections |date=1993 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-491-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k_-RAAAAIAAJ&q=anjumoorthy |title=Journal of Kerala Studies |date=1977 |publisher=University of Kerala |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S0woAQAAIAAJ&q=anjumoorthy |title=Encyclopaedia of Cities and Towns in India: Kerala |date=2008 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-212-0986-1 |language=en}}</ref> (It is also called as Anjumoorthy Mangalam).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-08 |title=RTO report says speeding, negligence caused Vadakkenchery accident |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/rto-report-says-speeding-negligence-caused-vadakkenchery-accident/article65985361.ece |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tourist bus involved in Vadakkanchery accident was blacklisted, five other cases |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=918194&u=tourist-bus-involved-in-vadakkanchery-accident-was-blacklisted-five-other-cases-918194 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Keralakaumudi Daily |language=en}}</ref>

== Location ==
Anjumoorthy village is located with the [[Geographic coordinate system|coordinates]] of {{coord|10.6106|N|76.5031|E}} in Palakkad district with the pincode of 678682.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anjumoorthy Pin Code - 678682, All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search palakkad Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/kerala/palakkad/anjumoorthy-pincode-678682.html |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

{{Location map many | India Kerala
| width = 200
| float = middle
| label1 = Anjumoorthy
| pos1 = left
| bg1 = gold
| label1_width = 8
| mark1size = 6
| coordinates1 = {{coord|10.6106|N|76.5031|E}}
}}
== Religion ==
=== Hindu temple ===
There is a Hindu temple viz., [[Anjumoorthy Temple]] here which is one of the [[108 Shiva Temples]].<ref>{{Cite book |author=Prof P. CHENNA REDDY |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e1amEAAAQBAJ&q=Anjumoorthy%2520temple&pg=PA202 |title=THAKUR VIJAYAM:Spectrum of History, Culture and Archaeological Studies: Commemoration Volume to Prof. Vijay Kumar Thakur |date=2023-01-09 |publisher=Blue Rose Publishers |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Palakkad district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Palakkad district]]
[[Category:Villages in Kerala]]

{{Palakkad-geo-stub}}

Carmel, Indiana

2026-03-11T04:16:07Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): Put up bio

{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Carmel, Indiana
| official_name =
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| motto = "A Partnership for Tomorrow"
| nickname =
| image_skyline = The Palladium.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_caption = [[The Palladium at the Center for the Performing Arts]] and Carmel City Center
| image_flag = Flag of Carmel, Indiana.svg
| image_seal = CityLogoSeal.png
| image_blank_emblem = CarmelINlogo.png
| blank_emblem_type = Logo
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
| pushpin_map = Indiana#USA
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_label = Carmel
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{USA}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Indiana}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Indiana|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hamilton County, Indiana|Hamilton]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of townships in Indiana|Township]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Clay Township, Hamilton County, Indiana|Clay]]
| named_for = [[Carmel (biblical settlement)]]
| government_type =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Sue Finkam ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]) (2024–present)<ref name="FinkamElectedWRTV">{{cite news |last1=Howell Jr. |first1=James |title=Sue Finkam elected mayor of Carmel after 28 years of Jim Brainard |url=https://www.wrtv.com/news/politics/sue-finkam-elected-mayor-of-carmel-after-28-years-of-jim-brainard |access-date=December 27, 2023 |work=WRTV Indianapolis |date=November 8, 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="TopCop">{{cite news |last1=Tuohy |first1=John |title=The Indianapolis Star Subscription Offers, Specials, and Discounts |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/local/hamilton-county/carmel/2023/11/08/sue-finkam-elected-carmel-mayor-needs-police-chief/71500926007/ |access-date=December 27, 2023 |work=Indianapolis Star |date=November 8, 2023}}</ref>
| established_title = Platted
| established_date = 1837
| established_title1 = Incorporated
| established_date1 = 1874 (town) January 1, 1976 (city)
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_18.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=March 16, 2022}}</ref>
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 129.94
| area_land_km2 = 127.13
| area_water_km2 = 2.80
| area_total_sq_mi = 50.17
| area_land_sq_mi = 49.09
| area_water_sq_mi = 1.08
| area_note =
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_est = 100777
| pop_est_as_of = 2021
| population_footnotes = <ref name=2021censusest />
| population_metro =
| population_total = 99757
| population_density_km2 = 784.7
| population_density_sq_mi = 2032.3
| timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset = −5
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
| utc_offset_DST = −4
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft = 843
| coordinates = {{coord|39|58|05|N|86|06|45|W|region:US-IN_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
| postal_code = 46032, 46033, 46074, 46082, 46280, 46290<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tools.usps.com/zip-code-lookup.htm?bycitystate|title=ZIP Code by City and State - Carmel, IN|website=[[United States Postal Service]]|access-date=July 4, 2021}}</ref>
| area_codes = [[Area codes 317 and 463|317, 463]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 18-10342
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 2393750<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2393750}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|http://www.carmel.in.gov/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Carmel''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɑːr|m|ə|l}}) is a suburban city in [[Hamilton County, Indiana]], United States, immediately north of [[Indianapolis]]. With a population of 99,757 as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the city spans {{convert|49|sqmi||abbr=}} across [[Clay Township, Hamilton County, Indiana|Clay Township]] and is bordered by the [[White River (Indiana)|White River]] to the east and the [[Boone County, Indiana|Boone County]] line to the west.

Carmel was home to one of the first electronic automated traffic signals in the country,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/local/hamilton-county/carmel/2019/01/01/carmel-indiana-loves-roundabouts-heres-why/2153927002/|title=Carmel loves roundabouts: Here's why|last=Contreras|first=Natalia|date=January 1, 2019|access-date=December 1, 2019|work=The Indianapolis Star}}</ref> and constructed 155 [[roundabout]]s between 1997 and 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carmel Roundabouts |url=https://carmelroundabouts.wordpress.com/ |access-date=March 5, 2025 |website=Carmel Roundabouts |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://www.carmel.in.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/21496/638382352854530000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930204159/https://www.carmel.in.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/21496/638382352854530000 |archive-date=September 30, 2024 |access-date=March 5, 2025 |website=www.carmel.in.gov |url-status=live }}</ref> The city is designed with [[walkability]] and pedestrian wellbeing in mind, with trails, parks and [[Urban green space|green space]]s being common.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnu.org/publicsquare/2023/08/22/walkable-mixed-use-former-suburban-brownfield|title=Walkable, mixed-use on a former suburban brownfield|first=Robert|last=Steuteville|date=August 22, 2023|website=CNU}}</ref>

==History==
In the 1820s, the government put the lands in the area on sale, leading many farmers to settle on the west bank of White River.<ref name=":1" /> The original settlers were predominantly [[Quakers]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Hamilton County History Timeline |url=http://www.carmelclayhistory.org/local-history/hamilton-county-history-timeline |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419214124/http://www.carmelclayhistory.org/local-history/hamilton-county-history-timeline |archive-date=April 19, 2021 |access-date=May 31, 2014 |publisher=Carmel Clay Historical Society}}</ref>

Carmel was originally called "Bethlehem". It was platted and recorded in 1837 by Daniel Warren, Alexander Mills, John Phelps, and Seth Green,<ref name="Haines">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z8wWAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA241 | title=History of Hamilton County, Indiana: Her People, Industries and Institutions, Volume 1 | publisher=B.F. Bowen & Co. | author=Haines, John F. | year=1915}}</ref>{{rp|241}} who donated their adjoining properties of equal size to create the town. The donated parcels were situated along the [[Indianapolis-Peru Road]] (now Westfield Boulevard). The Carmel Clay Historical Society also started its first activities in 1837.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Carmel – The Polis Center |url=https://polis.indianapolis.iu.edu/about/community-culture/project-on-religion-culture/study-neighborhoods/carmel/ |access-date=November 4, 2024 |website=polis.indianapolis.iu.edu}}</ref>

The plot first established in Bethlehem, located at the intersection of Rangeline Road and Main Street, was marked by a clock tower donated by the local [[Rotary Club]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Carloni |first1=Brittany |title=How a new development will impact Main Street in Carmel's Arts & Design District |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/local/hamilton-county/carmel/2022/01/18/carmel-indiana-arts-design-district-development-parking-garage-apartments-downtown/9109538002/ |access-date=December 27, 2023 |work=The Indianapolis Star |date=January 18, 2022}}</ref>

A post office was established as "Carmel" in 1846 because Indiana already had a post office called Bethlehem.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=IN&county=Hamilton |title=Hamilton County |publisher=Jim Forte Postal History |access-date=September 16, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012162043/http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=IN&county=Hamilton |archive-date=October 12, 2014 }}</ref> The name Carmel is a reference to [[1 Samuel 25]]:2 mentioning the biblical settlement [[Carmel (biblical settlement)|Carmel]].<ref name=":1" /> The town of Bethlehem was renamed "Carmel" and incorporated in 1874.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Haines" />{{rp|247}}

The [[Monon Railroad]] started operations in the city in 1883. Electricity and telephone lines arrived during the first decade of the 20th century. The city's first library was started by the local Wednesday Literary Club and schoolteacher Mahlon Luther Hains in 1904. With a grant from the [[Carnegie Corporation of New York|Carnegie Foundation]], the library was built at 40 East Main Streett in 1913. During the first half of the 20th century, the city was the host on and off of the Carmel Horse Show. The town's only bank closed in 1930.<ref name=":1" />

In 1924, one of the first [[traffic light|automatic traffic signals]] in the U.S. was installed at the intersection of Main Street and Rangeline Road. The signal was the invention of Leslie Haines and is currently in the old train station on the [[Monon Trail]].<ref>{{cite web | title=History of Carmel, Indiana | publisher=City of Carmel, Indiana | url=http://www.ci.carmel.in.us/government/History%20of%20Carmel.html | access-date=March 16, 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615120332/http://www.ci.carmel.in.us/government/History%20of%20Carmel.html | archive-date=June 15, 2007}}</ref>

The [[Carmel Monon Depot]], [[John Kinzer House]], and [[Thornhurst Addition]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref><ref name="nps">{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/upload/weekly-list-2013-national-register-of-historic-places.pdf|title=National Register of Historic Places Listings|date=July 5, 2013|work=Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 6/24/13 through 6/28/13 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>

During the 1950s and 1960s, the city anticipated a demographic boom and built large new public schools, leading to the creation of the [[Carmel Clay Schools|Carmel Clay School District]] in 1964 (and the Carmel Clay Educational Foundation in 1967). Six churches were built during the 1950s. The urban expansion was so fast that a 1958 ''[[The Indianapolis Star|Indianapolis Star]]'' article tagged it a "bedroom community", but one that could contribute to sustain the growth of [[Indianapolis]]. Construction of Interstate 465 started in 1967 and created the proper conditions for a rapid demographic growth. A new $330,000 library was built and opened in 1971.<ref name=":1" />

The first Chamber of Commerce opened in 1960 but closed two years later. With the demographic boom of the 1970s, it reopened in 1970.<ref name=":1" /> [[Carmel Symphony Orchestra]] was launched by Latvian immigrant Viktors Ziedonis in 1976.<ref name=":1" /> That same year, Carmel was incorporated as a city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.carmel.in.gov/our-city/history|title=History | City of Carmel|website=www.carmel.in.gov}}</ref> By the end of the 20th century, Carmel was one of Indiana's fastest growing cities. Suburban districts quickly replaced agricultural lands. The last farm operating within the city limits closed in 1993.<ref name=":1" />

==Geography==
Carmel occupies the southwestern part of Hamilton County, adjacent to [[Indianapolis]] and, with the annexation of [[Home Place, Indiana|Home Place]] in 2018, is now entirely coextensive with [[Clay Township, Hamilton County, Indiana|Clay Township]]. It is bordered to the north by [[Westfield, Indiana|Westfield]], to the northeast by [[Noblesville, Indiana|Noblesville]], to the east by [[Fishers, Indiana|Fishers]], to the south by [[Indianapolis]] in [[Marion County, Indiana|Marion County]], and to the west by [[Zionsville, Indiana|Zionsville]] in [[Boone County, Indiana|Boone County]]. The center of Carmel is {{convert|15|mi}} north of the center of Indianapolis.

According to the 2010 census, Carmel has a total area of {{convert|48.545|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|47.46|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (or 97.76%) is land and {{convert|1.085|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (or 2.24%) is water.<ref name="census-g001">{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1810342 |title=G001 - Geographic Identifiers - 2010 Census Summary File 1 |access-date=July 28, 2015 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213055723/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1810342 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Major east–west streets in Carmel generally end in a 6 and include 96th Street (the southern border), 106th, 116th, 126th, 131st, 136th, and 146th (which marks the northern border). The numbering system is aligned to that of Marion and Hamilton counties. Main Street (131st) runs east–west through Carmel's Art & Design District; Carmel Drive runs generally east–west through the main shopping area, and City Center Drive runs east–west near Carmel's City Center project.

North–south streets are not numbered and include (west to east) Michigan, Shelborne, Towne, Ditch, Spring Mill, Meridian, Guilford, Rangeline, Keystone, Carey, Gray, Hazel Dell, and River. Some of these roads are continuations of corresponding streets in Indianapolis. Towne Road replaces the name Township Line Road at 96th Street, while [[Westfield, Indiana|Westfield]] Boulevard becomes Rangeline north of 116th Street. [[Meridian Street (Indianapolis)|Meridian Street]] ([[U.S. Route 31 in Indiana|US 31]]) and Keystone Parkway (formerly Keystone Avenue/[[Indiana State Road 431|SR 431]]) are the major thoroughfares, extending from 96th Street in the south and merging just south of 146th Street. The City of Carmel is noted for having well over 100 [[roundabout]]s within its borders.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/local/hamilton-county/2017/09/14/carmels-latest-reason-celebrate-roundabout-no-110/665959001/|date=September 14, 2017|title=Carmel's latest reason to celebrate: Roundabout No. 110|first=Chris|last=Sims|website=The Indianapolis Star}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carmel Roundabouts |url=https://carmelroundabouts.wordpress.com/ |access-date=August 16, 2024 |website=Carmel Roundabouts |language=en}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 92
|1890= 471
|1900= 498
|1910= 626
|1920= 598
|1930= 682
|1940= 771
|1950= 1009
|1960= 1442
|1970= 6691
|1980= 18272
|1990= 25380
|2000= 37733
|2010= 79191
|2020= 99757
|estyear=2024
|estimate=103606
|align-fn=center
|estref=<ref name=2021censusest>{{Cite web|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Carmel city, Indiana; United States|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/carmelcityindiana,US/PST045219|access-date=July 31, 2022|website=census.gov|language=en}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|author-link=United States Census Bureau|access-date=February 16, 2014}}</ref> 2018 Estimate<ref name="2018 Pop Estimate">{{cite web|title=Population Estimates|url=https://census.gov/data/tables/2018/demo/popest/total-cities-and-towns.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=June 8, 2018}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Carmel, Indiana – Racial and ethnic composition {{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}
!Race / Ethnicity (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Carmel city, Indiana|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US1810342&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Carmel city, Indiana|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US1810342&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Carmel city, Indiana|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US1810342&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|34,467
|66,295
|style='background: #ffffe6; |75,534
|91.34%
|83.72%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |75.72%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|550
|2,299
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3,256
|1.46%
|2.90%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3.26%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|45
|104
|style='background: #ffffe6; |65
|0.12%
|0.13%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.07%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|1,645
|6,988
|style='background: #ffffe6; |11,966
|4.36%
|8.82%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |12.00%
|-
|[[Native Hawaiian]] or [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|12
|17
|style='background: #ffffe6; |20
|0.03%
|0.02%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.02%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|48
|169
|style='background: #ffffe6; |451
|0.13%
|0.21%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.45%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|317
|1,310
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3,944
|0.84%
|1.65%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3.95%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|649
|2,009
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4,521
|1.72%
|2.54%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4.53%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''37,733'''
|'''79,191'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''99,757'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

[[File:Race and ethnicity 2020 Carmel, IN.png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Carmel, 2020 U.S. census. Each dot is one person: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(115, 178, 255)|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(159, 212, 0)|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(255, 0, 0)|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(255, 170, 0)|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(140, 81, 181)|Multiracial}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(153, 102, 51)|Native American/Other}}]]

According to a 2024 estimate, the median household income in the city was $134,602.

The median home price between 2019 and 2023 was $455,500.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Quick Facts - Carmel city, Indiana |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/carmelcityindiana/PST045223 |access-date=May 28, 2025 |website=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref>

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 11, 2012}}</ref> of 2010, there were 79,191 people, 28,997 households, and 21,855 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1668.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 30,738 housing units at an average density of {{convert|647.7|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|}}. The racial makeup of the city was 85.4% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 3.0% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.2% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 8.9% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.7% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.8% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] people of any race were 2.5% of the population.

There were 28,997 households, of which 41.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no partner present, 2.4% had a male householder with no partner present, and 24.6% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.18.

The median age in the city was 39.2 years. 29.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.2% were from 25 to 44; 29.7% were from 45 to 64; and 10.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.7% male and 51.3% female.

==Economy==
The Meridian Corridor serves as a large concentration of corporate office space within the city. It is home to more than 40 corporate headquarters and many more regional offices. Several large companies reside in Carmel, and it serves as the national headquarters for OPENLANE (formerly KAR Global), [[Allegion]], [[CNO Financial Group]], [[Midcontinent Independent System Operator|MISO]], and [[Delta Faucet]]. Carmel also serves as the global headquarters for several fraternities and sororities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National fraternity HQ coming to Carmel |url=https://readthereporter.com/national-fraternity-hq-coming-to-carmel/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210214207/https://readthereporter.com/national-fraternity-hq-coming-to-carmel/ |archive-date=December 10, 2024 |access-date=May 3, 2025 |website=readthereporter.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Clay Terrace]] is one of the largest retail centers in Carmel and sits adjacent to Village Park Plaza, another retail hub lying just across the municipal border with Westfield. Other shopping areas include Carmel City Center,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.carmelcitycenter.com/|title=Carmel City Center {{!}} Official Site of Downtown Carmel|last=Parallelus|access-date=January 28, 2019}}</ref> Mohawk Trails Plaza, and Merchants' Square. The Carmel Arts & Design District has a number of retail establishments along Main Street, Range Line Road, 3rd Avenue, and 2nd Street.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.carmelartsanddesign.com/|title=Carmel Arts and Design District : Carmel, Indiana|website=www.carmelartsanddesign.com|access-date=January 28, 2019}}</ref>

Founded in 2017, Carmel [[Christmas market|Christkindlmarkt]] is an open air Christmas market known for its Glühwein Pyramid, a {{convert|33| foot||adj=mid| tall}} structure lit with 3000 bulbs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=The |title=Carmel Christkindlmarkt once again voted No. 1 |url=https://readthereporter.com/carmel-christkindlmarkt-once-again-voted-no-1/ |access-date=January 6, 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 10, 2024 |title=These 6 U.S. Christmas markets feel like a fairy tale |author-first1=Karen|author-last1=Carmichael|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/best-christmas-markets-in-the-us |access-date=January 6, 2025 |website=Travel |language=en}}</ref> The market is one of Indiana's top tourist attractions hosting over 400,000 visitors annually.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 14, 2023 |title=Best Holiday Market (2023) - USA TODAY 10Best Readers' Choice Awards |url=https://10best.usatoday.com/awards/travel/best-holiday-market-2023/ |access-date=January 6, 2025 |website=10Best |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaufman |first=Michelle |title=New report looks at economic impact of Carmel Christkindlmarkt |url=https://www.insideindianabusiness.com/articles/new-report-looks-at-economic-impact-of-carmel-christkindlmarkt |access-date=January 6, 2025 |website=Inside INdiana Business |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Top employers===
{{As of|2017|January}}, the city's 10 largest employers were:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investhamiltoncounty.com/Doing-Business-Here/Top-Employers.aspx|title=TOP EMPLOYERS|publisher=Invest Hamilton County|access-date=October 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024152826/http://investhamiltoncounty.com/Doing-Business-Here/Top-Employers.aspx|archive-date=October 24, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Employer
! # of employees
|-
|1
|[[CNO Financial Group]]
|1,600
|-
|2
|[[GEICO]]
|1,250
|-
|3
|[[RCI (company)|RCI]]
|1,125
|-
|4
|[[Capital Group Companies]]
|975
|-
|5
|[[Liberty Mutual]]
|900
|-
|6
|KAR Auction Services (Adesa)
|892
|-
|7
|[[Indiana University Health|IU Health North]]
|800
|-
|8
|[[Midcontinent Independent System Operator|Midcontinent ISO]]
|700
|-
|9
|NextGear Capital
|694
|-
|10
|[[Allegion]]
|595
|-
|}

==Arts and culture==

===Festivals===
[[File:CarmelFestFireworks.jpg|thumb|231x231px|Fireworks launched from Carmel Ice Skadium parking lot during Carmel Fest]]
CarmelFest is the city's annual [[Independence Day (United States)|4th of July]] celebration<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ambrogi |first=Mark |date=July 1, 2025 |title=CarmelFest entertainment lineup includes fan favorites, new groups |url=https://youarecurrent.com/2025/07/01/carmelfest-entertainment-lineup-includes-fan-favorites-new-groups/ |access-date=October 30, 2025 |website=Current Publishing |language=en-US}}</ref> that has occurred since 1988.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Worrell |first=Jeff |date=July 3, 2012 |title=Remembering our beginnings |url=https://youarecurrent.com/2012/07/03/remembering-our-beginnings/ |access-date=November 10, 2025 |website=Current Publishing |language=en-US}}</ref> Since at least 2001, the festival has taken place over two days: July 3 and 4.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=http://www.ci.carmel.in.us/newsletter/CarmelJune01.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050317060632/http://www.ci.carmel.in.us/newsletter/CarmelJune01.pdf |archive-date=March 17, 2005 |access-date=November 10, 2025 |website=www.ci.carmel.in.us}}</ref> CarmelFest includes a parade on July 4 that starts on AAA Way, heads west on E Carmel Drive, north on Rangeline Rd, east on Main St, and ends at the intersection of Main St and 4th Ave.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Join the Parade |url=https://www.carmelfest.net/join-the-parade |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CarmelFest |language=en-US}}</ref> The festival itself consists of live music and booths at both Carter Green and around the Carmel Fountain, connected by the Monon Trail.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Publishing |first=Current |date=June 30, 2022 |title=CarmelFest 2022 maps |url=https://www.youarecurrent.com/2022/06/30/carmelfest-maps/ |access-date=November 10, 2025 |website=Current Publishing |language=en-US}}</ref> Petting zoos and carnival rides are set up in the parking lot behind City Hall.<ref name=":02" /> [[Fireworks]] are launched for 30 minutes and livestreamed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fireworks |url=https://www.carmelfest.net/fireworks |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CarmelFest |language=en-US}}</ref> CarmelFest is organized by the Carmel [[Rotary International|Rotary Club]] and financially supported by local businesses including [[Republic Airways]] and Allied Solutions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CarmelFest |url=https://www.carmelfest.net/ |access-date=November 10, 2025 |website=CarmelFest |language=en-US}}</ref>

Carmel Pride is an annual [[Pride parade|Pride festival]] that takes place on Carter Green during the month of June, featuring performances, activities, and booths for food and merchandise vendors, and organizations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carmel Pride '24 |url=https://www.carmelpride.org/ |access-date=November 10, 2025 |website=Carmel Pride '24 |language=en-US}}</ref> The festival was first organized by a group of Carmel High School students in 2021 and again in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ambrogi |first=Mark |date=June 18, 2021 |title=Carmel High School students arrange inaugural Carmel Pride event |url=https://www.youarecurrent.com/2021/06/18/carmel-high-school-students-arrange-inaugural-carmel-pride-event/ |access-date=November 10, 2025 |website=Current Publishing |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Shakkira |date=April 18, 2022 |title=Carmel Pride to host its second festival this summer |url=https://www.wrtv.com/news/local-news/hamilton-county/carmel/carmel-pride-to-host-its-second-festival-this-summer |access-date=November 10, 2025 |website=WRTV Indianapolis |language=en}}</ref> Later, the festival transitioned to having both adult and student organizers.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Ambrogi |first=Mark |date=May 21, 2023 |title=Carmel Pride continues to grow |url=https://youarecurrent.com/2023/05/21/carmel-pride-continues-to-grow/ |access-date=November 10, 2025 |website=Current Publishing |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2025, organizers stated it was the second largest Pride festival in the state after [[Indy Pride]] with over 3000 attendees.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Russell |first=Kyla |date=June 30, 2025 |title=Carmel Pride celebrates its fifth year with record-breaking numbers |url=https://www.wishtv.com/celebrating/celebrating-pride/carmel-pride-celebrates-its-fifth-year-with-record-breaking-numbers/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Indianapolis News {{!}} Indiana Weather {{!}} Indiana Traffic {{!}} WISH-TV {{!}} |language=en-US}}</ref> Carmel Pride has featured an evening drag show since its inception.<ref name=":12" />

The Chinese Mooncake Festival has been held annually between August and October since 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bavender |first=Chris |date=September 10, 2013 |title=Mooncake Festival to honor Carmel's Chinese community |url=https://www.youarecurrent.com/2013/09/10/mooncake-festival-to-honor-carmels-chinese-community/ |access-date=November 10, 2025 |website=Current Publishing |language=en-US}}</ref> It is a celebration of the Chinese [[Mid-Autumn Festival|Mid Autumn Festival]] and features a [[Dragon dance|dragon parade]] and free [[mooncake]]s and [[Chinese tea|tea]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bavender |first=Chris |date=September 7, 2017 |title=Chinese Mooncake Festival set for Sept. 9 in Carmel |url=https://www.youarecurrent.com/2017/09/07/chinese-mooncake-festival-set-for-sept-9-in-carmel/ |access-date=November 10, 2025 |website=Current Publishing |language=en-US}}</ref> Initially, the festival took place at the green space bordering the Monon trail and Main St,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Publishing |first=Current |date=September 5, 2014 |title=Mooncake festival returns to Carmel Sept. 13 |url=https://youarecurrent.com/2014/09/05/mooncake-festival-returns-to-carmel-sept-13/ |access-date=November 10, 2025 |website=Current Publishing |language=en-US}}</ref> but moved to the parking lot at 200 Rangeline Rd in 2016 after that space was developed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aasen |first=Adam |date=September 6, 2016 |title=Fourth annual Chinese Mooncake Festival in Carmel rescheduled for Saturday Sept. 10 |url=https://www.youarecurrent.com/2016/09/06/fourth-annual-chinese-mooncake-festival-in-carmel-rescheduled-for-saturday-sept-10/ |access-date=November 10, 2025 |website=Current Publishing |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sikich |first=Chris |title=6 projects coming to downtown Carmel |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/local/hamilton-county/2017/04/10/6-projects-coming-downtown-carmel/100117644/ |access-date=November 10, 2025 |website=The Indianapolis Star |language=en-US}}</ref> Since 2022, the festival has taken place at Midtown Plaza.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Publishing |first=Current |date=September 4, 2022 |title=Carmel in brief — September 6, 2022 |url=https://youarecurrent.com/2022/09/04/218454/ |access-date=November 10, 2025 |website=Current Publishing |language=en-US}}</ref>

Indy GreekFest is a celebration of [[Culture of Greece|Greek Culture]] organized by the Holy Trinity [[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]] Cathedral in Carmel, with proceeds supporting the church and a local food pantry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indy GreekFest |url=https://indygreekfest.org/ |access-date=November 6, 2025 |website=Indy GreekFest |language=en}}</ref> The festival includes Greek music, dance troupes, and vendors selling [[Greek cuisine|Greek food]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jenkins |first=Jeremy |date=August 20, 2025 |title=Indy Greekfest brings taste of Greece to Indianapolis |url=https://www.wishtv.com/news/local-news/indy-greekfest-holy-trinity/ |access-date=November 10, 2025 |website=Indianapolis News {{!}} Indiana Weather {{!}} Indiana Traffic {{!}} WISH-TV {{!}} |language=en-US}}</ref> GreekFest was founded in 1974 and moved to Carmel in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ambrogi |first=Mark |date=August 4, 2023 |title=GreekFest to celebrate 50th anniversary Aug. 25-26 in Carmel |url=https://youarecurrent.com/2023/08/04/greekfest-to-celebrate-50th-anniversary-aug-25-26-in-carmel/ |access-date=November 10, 2025 |website=Current Publishing |language=en-US}}</ref>

Other festivals include the Festival of Ice (with an outdoor [[ice sculpture]] gallery), Porchfest (a music festival where residents perform on their porches), Carmel [[Oktoberfest celebrations|Oktoberfest]], [[Eid al-Fitr|EidFest]], and [[Diwali|Diwali: Festival of Lights]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=City of Carmel |date=November 10, 2025 |title=Events and Festivals |url=https://www.carmel.in.gov/our-city/experience/events-and-festivals |access-date=November 10, 2025}}</ref>

===Museums===
The museum of the Carmel Clay Historical Society. Housed in the historic Monon Railroad Depot, this local history museum expanded with a new building in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 29, 2019 |title=Home - Carmel Clay History Museum |url=https://carmelclayhistory.org/ |access-date=December 3, 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[Great American Songbook Foundation]], a national nonprofit museum and archives dedicated to celebrating American popular music and founded by singer and music history enthusiast [[Michael Feinstein]], is headquartered in [[the Palladium at the Center for the Performing Arts]] .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecenterpresents.org/about/great-american-songbook-foundation/|title=The Center for the Performing Arts {{!}} Great American Songbook Foundation|website=The Center For The Performing Arts|access-date=January 28, 2019}}</ref>

===Visual and performing arts===
Designed to promote small businesses and local artisans, Carmel's Arts and Design District and City Center is in Old Town Carmel and flanked by Carmel High School on the east and the Monon Greenway on the west, with the state goal of celebrating the creativity and craftsmanship of the miniature art form. The district includes the [[Carmel Clay Public Library]].<ref name="HAPLR">{{cite web |title=Library Name |url=http://www.haplr-index.com/HAPLR100.htm |access-date=April 21, 2017 |work=haplr-index.com}}</ref> The district hosts several annual events and festivals. The Carmel Artomobilia Collector Car Show showcases classic, vintage, exotic and rare cars, along with art inspired by automobile design.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.carmelartomobilia.com/ |access-date=May 3, 2017 |website=ARTOMOBILIA}}</ref> Every September, the Carmel International Arts Festival features a juried art exhibit of artists from around the world,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tickets & Events |url=https://thecenterpresents.org/tickets-events/ |website=The Center For The Performing Arts}}</ref> concerts, dance performances, and hands-on activities for children.

Located in the Arts and Design District and opened in 1993, the Museum of Miniature Houses and Other Collections features [[scale model]] miniatures, primarily fine art [[dollhouse]]s and [[room box]]es. It is notable for displaying two room boxes from [[Narcissa Niblack Thorne|Narcissa Niblack Throne]] and its annual Attic Sale.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 20, 2019 |title=Museum Home - Museum of Miniature Houses |url=https://museumofminiatures.org/ |access-date=December 3, 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Carmel City Center is a {{convert|1,000,000|sqft||abbr=|adj=on|spell=in}}, $300 million, [[mixed-use development]] located in the heart of Carmel.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carmelcitycenter.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/CCC-QA.pdf |title=Carmel City Center FAQ |work=carmelcitycenter.com |access-date=April 21, 2017 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> Carmel City Center is home to , which includes a 1,600-seat concert hall, 500-seat theater, and 200-seat black box theater.

==Parks and recreation==
[[File:Carmel - Monon Trail.jpg|thumb|Monon Greenway in 2008]]
The [[Monon Trail|Monon Greenway]] is a multi-use trail that is part of the [[Rails-to-Trails]] movement. It runs from 10th Street near downtown [[Indianapolis]] through [[Broad Ripple]] and then crosses into Carmel at 96th Street and continues north through 146th Street into [[Westfield, Indiana|Westfield]] and continues to [[Sheridan, Indiana|Sheridan]].

A [[water park]] and fitness center is the centerpiece of Carmel's Central Park.

Ground was broken for the Japanese Garden south of City Hall in 2007. The garden was dedicated in 2009 as the 15th anniversary of Carmel's Sister City relationship with [[Kawachinagano, Osaka|Kawachinagano, Japan]], was celebrated.<ref name="City of Carmel, IN: History">{{cite web |title=City of Carmel, IN: History |url=http://www.carmel.in.gov/index.aspx?page=44 |publisher=City of Carmel, IN |access-date=October 21, 2011 |archive-date=May 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512180335/http://www.carmel.in.gov//index.aspx?page=44 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An [[Japanese garden|Azumaya-style]] tea gazebo was constructed in 2011 and dedicated on May 2 of that year.<ref>{{cite web |last=Heck |first=Nancy S. |title=Dedication of Japanese Tea Gazebo with Sister City Kawachinagano, Japan |url=http://indy-biz.com/2011/04/30/dedication-of-japanese-tea-gazebo-with-sister-city-kawachinagano-japan/ |publisher=Indy Biz |access-date=October 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422070825/http://indy-biz.com/2011/04/30/dedication-of-japanese-tea-gazebo-with-sister-city-kawachinagano-japan/ |archive-date=April 22, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Government==
[[File:Carmel Indiana - Carmelfest (4772788604).jpg|thumb|Carmel City Hall in 2010]]
The government consists of a mayor and a city council. The current mayor is Sue Finkam, who has served since 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carmel.in.gov/index.aspx?page=47|title=City of Carmel, IN : Mayor|work=in.gov|access-date=April 21, 2017|archive-date=May 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517222918/http://www.carmel.in.gov/index.aspx?page=47|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city leans Republican on a municipal level, but also leans Democratic in state and national elections since 2020, and is generally [[socially liberal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/local/hamilton-county/carmel/2022/11/18/indiana-elections-carmel-democrats-2023-races/69646545007/|title=Democrats keep winning Carmel vote. Here's what it means for 2023 city races.|first=Brittany|last=Carloni|website=The Indianapolis Star}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hilite.org/94633/topstory-2/election-results-reveal-shift-in-carmel-politics-toward-liberal-candidates/|title=Election results reveal shift in Carmel politics toward liberal candidates|first=Anthony|last=Pho}}</ref>

===Planned development===
In mid-2017, the city council was considering a multimillion-dollar bond issue that would cover the cost of roundabouts, paths, roadwork, land acquisition by the Carmel Redevelopment Commission and would include the purchase of an antique carousel<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/local/hamilton-county/2017/07/10/carmel-considers-101-m-roundabouts-land-paths-carousel/465828001/|title=Carmel considers $101M for roundabouts, land, paths, carousel|date=July 10, 2017|work=Chris Sikich|publisher=[[IndyStar]]|access-date=July 20, 2017}}</ref> from a Canadian amusement park for an estimated purchase price of CAD $3 million, approximately US$2.25 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/07/19/toronto-centre-islands-110-year-old-carousel-sold-for-3-million.html|title=Toronto's 110-year old carousel on Centre Island sold for $3 million|date=July 19, 2017|work=Fatima Syed|publisher=Toronto Star|access-date=July 20, 2017}}</ref> However, a citizen led petition drive against the purchase caused the city council to remove it from the bond issue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theindychannel.com/news/local-news/hamilton-county/carmel/carmels-controversial-5-carousel-plan-removed-by-city-council|title=Carmel's controversial $5M carousel plan removed|last=McKinney|first=Matt|date=September 19, 2017|website=WRTV|access-date=July 18, 2019}}</ref>

According to the Indiana Department of Local Government Finance, as of 2019 the City of Carmel had an overall debt load of $1.3 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/local/hamilton-county/carmel/2019/05/02/carmel-mayor-election-jim-brainard-and-fred-glynn-differ-over-public-spending/3628932002/|title=Carmel Mayor Jim Brainard sees $1.3B as worthy investment. His challenger sees troublesome debt.|date=May 2, 2019|work=Natalia Contreras|access-date=May 4, 2019}}</ref>

===List of mayors===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! No.
! Portrait
! Mayor
! Term of office<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carmel.in.gov/about-the-city/history|title=History - City of Carmel|website=www.carmel.in.gov|access-date=March 29, 2018|archive-date=April 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415005916/http://carmel.in.gov/about-the-city/history|url-status=dead}}</ref>
! Election
! colspan=2 | Party<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10631596/carmel_first_city_election_nov_5_1975/|title=Republicans Sweep Carmel's 1st City Vote|access-date=April 11, 2019|date=November 5, 1975|newspaper=The Indianapolis Star|page=12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.carmelclayhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Carmel-history-FINAL-2.pdf|title=Carmel Grows Up: The History and Vision of an Edge City|access-date=April 11, 2019|date=2017|website=www.carmelclayhistory.org|archive-date=March 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304214109/http://www.carmelclayhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Carmel-history-FINAL-2.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 1
|
| Albert Pickett
| January 1, 1976 – January 1, 1980
| 1975
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" |
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2
| rowspan=2 |
| rowspan=2 | Jane A. Reiman
| rowspan=2 | January 1, 1980 – January 1, 1988
| 1979
| rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" |
| rowspan=2 | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|-
| 1983
|-
| 3
|
| Dorothy J. Hancock
| January 1, 1988 – January 1, 1992
| 1987
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" |
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|-
| 4
|
| Ted Johnson
| January 1, 1992 – January 1, 1996
| 1991
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" |
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|-
| rowspan=7 | 5
| rowspan=7 | [[File:Climate Impacts in the Midwest Becoming More Resilient (cropped).jpg|100px|upright|frameless]]
| rowspan=7 | [[James Brainard]]
| rowspan=7 | January 1, 1996 – January 1, 2024
| 1995
| rowspan=7 style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" |
| rowspan=7 | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|-
| 1999
|-
| 2003
|-
| 2007
|-
| 2011
|-
| 2015
|-
| 2019
|-
| 6
|[[File:Mayor Sue Finkam.jpg|100px|upright|frameless]]
| Sue Finkam<ref>{{cite news |last1=Carloni |first1=Brittany |title=Sue Finkam wins Carmel mayor's race |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/elections/2023/11/07/carmel-indiana-mayor-election-2023-sue-finkam-miles-nelson-replace-jim-brainard/71396137007/ |access-date=November 7, 2023 |work=Indianapolis Star |date=November 7, 2023}}</ref>
| January 1, 2024 – ''Incumbent''
| [[2023 Carmel mayoral election|2023]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" |
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|}

==Education==
[[File:Carmel Clay Public Library.jpg|thumb|Carmel Clay Public Library]]

===Public schools===
The municipality is almost entirely in the [[Carmel Clay Schools]] school district.<ref name=2020SDMap>{{cite map|author=Geography Division|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st18_in/schooldistrict_maps/c18057_hamilton/DC20SD_C18057.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Hamilton County, IN|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|date=December 18, 2020 |accessdate=July 8, 2025}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st18_in/schooldistrict_maps/c18057_hamilton/DC20SD_C18057_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref> The Carmel Clay Schools<ref name="Home - Carmel Clay Schools">{{Cite web |title=Home - Carmel Clay Schools |url=https://www.ccs.k12.in.us/ |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=www.ccs.k12.in.us |language=en-US}}</ref> district has 11 elementary schools (Kindergarten - Grade 5), three middle schools (Grades 6–8), and one high school (Grades 9–12).<ref name="Home - Carmel Clay Schools"/> Student enrollment for the district is above 14,500.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.ccs.k12.in.us/district/home|title=Carmel Clay Schools|work=ccs.k12.in.us|access-date=April 21, 2017}}</ref>

The elementary schools include:
* Carmel Elementary (Feeds into Carmel Middle School)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.ccs.k12.in.us/ces/home|title=Carmel Elementary School|website=1.ccs.k12.in.us|access-date=August 27, 2017}}</ref>
* Cherry Tree Elementary (Feeds into Clay Middle School)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cherry Tree Elementary Home - Carmel Clay Schools |url=https://www.ccs.k12.in.us/cte |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=www.ccs.k12.in.us |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Clay Center Elementary (Feeds into Creekside Middle School)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Clay Center Elementary Home - Carmel Clay Schools |url=https://www.ccs.k12.in.us/cce |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=www.ccs.k12.in.us |language=en-US}}</ref>
* College Wood Elementary (Feeds into Creekside Middle School)<ref>{{Cite web |title=College Wood Elementary Home - Carmel Clay Schools |url=https://www.ccs.k12.in.us/cwe |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=www.ccs.k12.in.us |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Forest Dale Elementary (Feeds into Carmel Middle School)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forest Dale Elementary Home - Carmel Clay Schools |url=https://www.ccs.k12.in.us/fde |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=www.ccs.k12.in.us |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Mohawk Trails Elementary (Feeds into Clay Middle School)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohawk Trails Elementary Home - Carmel Clay Schools |url=https://www.ccs.k12.in.us/mte |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=www.ccs.k12.in.us |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Prairie Trace Elementary (Feeds into Clay Middle School)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prairie Trace Elementary Home - Carmel Clay Schools |url=https://www.ccs.k12.in.us/pte |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=www.ccs.k12.in.us |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Smoky Row Elementary (Feeds into Carmel Middle School)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smoky Row Elementary Home - Carmel Clay Schools |url=https://www.ccs.k12.in.us/sre |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=www.ccs.k12.in.us |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Towne Meadow Elementary (Feeds into Creekside Middle School)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Towne Meadow Elementary Home - Carmel Clay Schools |url=https://www.ccs.k12.in.us/tme |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=www.ccs.k12.in.us |language=en-US}}</ref>
* West Clay Elementary (Feeds into Creekside Middle School)<ref>{{Cite web |title=West Clay Elementary Home - Carmel Clay Schools |url=https://www.ccs.k12.in.us/wce |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=www.ccs.k12.in.us |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Woodbrook Elementary (Feeds into Clay Middle School)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Woodbrook Elementary School Home - Carmel Clay Schools |url=https://www.ccs.k12.in.us/wbe |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=www.ccs.k12.in.us |language=en-US}}</ref>

The middle schools include:
* Carmel Middle School<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.ccs.k12.in.us/cam/home|title=Carmel Middle School|website=www1.ccs.k12.in.us|date=November 15, 2023 }}</ref>
* Clay Middle School<ref>{{Cite web |title=Clay Middle School home - Carmel Clay Schools |url=https://www.ccs.k12.in.us/clm |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=www.ccs.k12.in.us |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Creekside Middle School<ref>{{Cite web |title=Creekside Middle School Home - Carmel Clay Schools |url=https://www.ccs.k12.in.us/crm |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=www.ccs.k12.in.us |language=en-US}}</ref>

All middle schools feed into [[Carmel High School (Indiana)|Carmel High School]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carmel High School Home - Carmel Clay Schools |url=https://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chs |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=www.ccs.k12.in.us |language=en-US}}</ref>

A small piece of Carmel is in the [[Westfield-Washington Schools]] school district.<ref name=2020SDMap/>

===Private schools===
Carmel has several private schools, including:
* Coram Deo Academy (Kindergarten–Grade 12)
* Midwest Academy (Grades 3–12)
* Our Lady of Mount Carmel Catholic School (Kindergarten–Grade 8)
* Pilgrim Lutheran Preschool (Preschool)
* St. Elizabeth Seton Preschool (Preschool, Pre-Kindergarten, and Kindergarten)
* [[University High School (Carmel, Indiana)|University High School]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.niche.com/k12/search/best-schools/t/carmel-hamilton-in/|title=K-12 Schools in Carmel, IN|website=Niche}}</ref> (Grades 9–12)
* Walnut Grove Christian Prep School (Kindergarten–Grade 12)

==Transportation==
Unusually for a city of this size, Carmel does not have a fixed-route bus system. The only public transportation available in the city is a van service similar to [[paratransit]] systems in other cities, Hamilton County Express. It requires making reservations in advance, and had a ridership of about 76,000 in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simmons |first=Taj |date=February 19, 2025 |title=Carmel asking residents about the need for public transit options |url=https://www.wrtv.com/news/local-news/carmel-asking-residents-about-the-need-for-public-transit-options |access-date=June 16, 2025 |website=[[WRTV]]}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{div col start}}
* [[Bernie Allen]], baseball player<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/bernie-allen/|title=Bernie Allen – Society for American Baseball Research}}</ref>
* [[Ted Allen]], television personality
* [[Franklin Booth]], pen-and-ink artist
* [[Steve Chassey]], [[IndyCar]] driver
* [[Pete Dye]], golf course designer
* [[Alex Hall (author)|Alex Hall]], author known for ''[[Ben Drowned]]'' (2010)
* [[Mark Herrmann]], Purdue and NFL quarterback<ref>{{cite web | title = Mark Herrmann | publisher = purduesports.com | url = https://purduesports.com/staff-directory/mark-herrmann/1186 | accessdate = July 24, 2023}}</ref>
* [[Jay Howard]], British racing driver<ref>{{Cite web|last=Morrison|first=Janelle|date=May 2021|title=Carmel's Own IndyCar Driver Jay Howard: On Developing the Next Generation of Drivers|url=https://carmelmonthlymagazine.com/carmels-own-indycar-driver-jay-howard/|url-status=live|website=Carmel Monthly magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525124839/https://carmelmonthlymagazine.com/carmels-own-indycar-driver-jay-howard/ |archive-date=May 25, 2021 }}</ref>
* [[Steve Inskeep]], host of ''[[Morning Edition]]'', [[National Public Radio]]
* [[Drew Kibler]], Olympic swimmer
* [[Kyle Krisiloff]], racing driver
* [[Rebecca Kubacki]], former Republican member of the Indiana House of Representatives
* [[Midwxst]], rapper
* [[Cameron Lindley]], soccer player
* [[Jake Lloyd]], former actor known for his portrayal of young [[Darth Vader#Prequel trilogy|Anakin Skywalker]] in ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''
* [[Josh McRoberts]], former professional basketball player for the [[Dallas Mavericks]]
* [[Dorothy Mengering|Dorothy Letterman Mengering]], mother of comedian and talk show host [[David Letterman]]
* [[Jason Padgett]], math savant
* [[Mike Pence]], 48th vice president of the United States
* [[Rajeev Ram]], professional tennis player, winner of 2019 [[Australian Open]] – Mixed Doubles tournament<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theindychannel.com/sports/carmels-rajeev-ram-wins-major-mixed-doubles-title|title=Carmel's Rajeev Ram wins major mixed doubles title|last1=Brown|first1=Brad|website=RTV6|date=January 31, 2019|access-date=February 22, 2019}}</ref>
* [[Matt Reiswerg]] (born 1980), soccer player, coach, and administrator
* [[Takuma Sato]], Japanese racing driver
* [[Lee Schmidt]], golf course designer
* [[Rob Schmitt]], reporter and [[Fox News]] co-host, now host at [[Newsmax TV]]
* [[Aaron Shackell]], Olympic swimmer
* [[Alex Shackell]], Olympic swimmer
* [[Avriel Shull]], architectural designer/builder and interior decorator
* [[Zach Trotman]], former professional hockey player ([[Boston Bruins]], [[Pittsburgh Penguins]])
* [[Sheldon Vanauken]], author known for ''[[A Severe Mercy]]'' (1977)
* [[Seema Verma]], health policy consultant and former administrator of the [[Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services|Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services]]
* [[Todd Young]], currently the senior United States senator from Indiana
* [[Andrew Lee (entrepreneur)|Andrew Lee]], [[VPN]] magnate, [[Cryptocurrency|crypto]] entrepreneur, and [[Pretender|claimant]] to the head of the [[House of Yi]]
{{div col end}}

==Sister cities==
===Current===
Carmel has six sister cities as designated by [[Sister Cities International]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://youarecurrent.com/2023/10/19/carmel-adds-rueil-malmaison-as-6th-sister-city/|title=Carmel add's Rueil-Malmaison as 6th sister city|date=October 19, 2023 |publisher=Current Publishing|access-date=October 19, 2023}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|JPN}} [[Kawachinagano, Osaka|Kawachinagano]], [[Osaka Prefecture]], Japan (1994)
* {{flagdeco|LAT}} [[Jelgava]], [[Semigallia]], Latvia (2022)
* {{flagdeco|ITA}} [[Cortona]], [[Tuscany]], Italy (2022)
* {{flagdeco|IND}} [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India (2023)
* {{flagdeco|FRA}} [[Rueil-Malmaison]], France (2023)
* {{flagdeco|GER}} [[Seiffen]], [[Saxony]], Germany (2023)

===Former===
* {{flagdeco|PRC}} [[Shanghai]], [[Pudong]], China (2012–2024)<ref>{{cite web |last=|first=|title=
Carmel to end formal relationship with Chinese Sister City|url=https://youarecurrent.com/2024/03/27/carmel-to-end-formal-relationship-with-chinese-sister-city/|work=Current Publishing|date=March 27, 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of edge cities]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Carmel, Indiana|Carmel}}
{{wikivoyage|Carmel (Indiana)}}
* {{official website}}

{{Hamilton County, Indiana}}
{{Indianapolis Metro}}
{{Indiana}}
{{Great Lakes Megalopolis}}
{{Authority control}}{{Portal bar|Indiana|United States|North America|Cities|Geography}}

[[Category:Carmel, Indiana| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Indiana]]
[[Category:Cities in Hamilton County, Indiana]]
[[Category:Indianapolis metropolitan area]]

Bhanu Pelo Lottery

2026-03-11T02:04:19Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): corrected citations for clarity after review

{{short description|1958 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2009}}

'''''Bhanu Pelo Lottery''''' (Eng: Bhanu Wins the Lottery) is a 1958 Indian [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]] [[comedy]] film produced by Tushar Kanti Ghosh and directed by the MGS Pictures Unit. It starred [[Bhanu Bandopadhyay]], [[Jahor Roy]], [[Kamal Mitra]] and Lily Chakraborty. The film had music by [[Nachiketa Ghosh]] and lyrics by [[Gouri Prasanna Majumdar]].

==Plot==
Bhanu Chitrakar ([[Bhanu Bandopadhyay]]) is a village-based clay modellist who earns a living selling earthen toys and singing. One day, he is presented a ticket for the Luck Velky Lottery by his Kolkata-based friend Jahar ([[Jahor Roy]]), with the first prize for the lottery standing at Rs 395,000. While Bhanu initially refuses to accept the ticket, he is finally coaxed into buying them, and goes to bed with the ticket stuck to his chest expecting the telegram announcing him as the winner to arrive anytime the next morning.

Bhanu receives the telegram informing him that he indeed is the lucky winner of Rs 395,000. With Jahar in tow, he goes to Kolkata to collect his winnings. His awkwardness in the big city leads to innumerable faux pas, and things get more complicated for him when Mini Mitra or Mimi, Jahar's paramour, gives him her undivided attention with the intention of obtaining some of his prize money to forge a film production career for herself. When Jahar finds out that he is being cheated by his best friend, he threatens the latter with a gun. Bhanu escapes, and in the climax of a chase sequence, is shown flying through the air hanging onto a gas balloon, out of reach of his pursuers. The balloon however pops in the end and Bhanu falls straight into the Hooghly river.

At this point, Bhanu wakes up and realises that the entire Kolkata episode has been a dream. Jahar now comes with the news that Bhanu has won the lottery in reality. But horrified at the thought of sexual politics and the loss of his best friend over money, Bhanu now has no desire for the Rs 395,000 and urges Jahar to distribute his winnings among the needy.

==Cast==
* [[Bhanu Bandopadhyay]] as Bhanu Chitrakar
* [[Jahor Roy]] as Jahar
* Kuntala Chattopadhyay as Mini Mitra
* [[Kamal Mitra]] as Jahar's uncle and Mini's former employer
* [[Nripati Chattopadhyay]] as Haladhar Halder

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Bhanu Pelo Lottery
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Nachiketa Ghosh]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1958
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre =
| length =
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title = Indrani
| prev_year = 1958
| next_title = Bandhu
| next_year = 1958
}}
{{Track listing
| headline = Songs
| extra_column = Playback
| all_lyrics = [[Gouri Prasanna Majumdar]]
| all_music = [[Nachiketa Ghosh]]

| title1 = Putul Nebe Go
| extra1 = [[Shyamal Mitra]]
| length1 =
}}
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhanu Pelo Lottery Songs – Bengali Movie Songs – Raaga.com |url=http://play.raaga.com/bengali/album/Bhanu-Pelo-Lottery-songs-B0000557 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226185608/http://play.raaga.com/bengali/album/Bhanu-Pelo-Lottery-songs-B0000557 |archive-date=2015-02-26 |website=play.raaga.com}}</ref>

==Trivia==
#The movie has a unique scene where Bhanu Chitrakar in his dream goes to the [[Tollygunge]] movie studios and meets the actor [[Bhanu Bandopadhyay]] in person. The two Bhanus are brought face to face, with the same actor playing both the character and himself. When the actor Bhanu meets his doppelganger, he wants to know if the crew has brought him a body double.
#[[Bhanu Bandopadhyay]] and [[Jahor Roy]] played different versions of themselves in some other movies like [[Bhanu Goenda Jahar Assistant]]. This double-act has parallels in [[Bollywood]] in films like ''Johar Mehmood in Goa'', starring [[I. S. Johar]] and [[Mehmood Ali|Mehmood]].

==See also==
*[[Miss Priyambada (movie)|Miss Priyambada]] `

==References==
{{Reflist}}
#[https://web.archive.org/web/20120426082424/http://www.angelvideo.in/files/details.php?id=27 Angel Video]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhanu Pelo Lottery}}
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:1958 films]]
[[Category:1958 comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Nachiketa Ghosh]]
[[Category:1958 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Films about lotteries]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

{{1950s-Bengali-film-stub}}

Central Asian Flyway

2026-03-10T11:39:18Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor):

{{Short description|Major flyway for migrating birds in Eurasia}}
{{Cleanup|reason=long lists|date=March 2025}}
[[File:Lesser Flamingos I3 IMG 9297.jpg|thumb|300px|Lesser flamingos In flight at [[Chilika Lake]]]]
The '''Central Asian Flyway''' ('''CAF'''), '''Central Asian-Indian Flyway''', or '''Central Asian-South Asian Flyway''' is a [[flyway]] covering a large continental area of [[Eurasia]] between the [[Arctic Ocean]], the [[Indian Ocean]] and the associated island chains. The CAF comprises several important [[bird migration|migration routes]] of [[waterbirds]], most of which extend from the northernmost breeding grounds in [[Siberia]] to the southernmost non-breeding wintering grounds in [[West Asia]], [[India]], the [[Maldives]] and the [[British Indian Ocean Territory]].<ref name="UNEP/CMS"/>

==Range==
A flyway is an operational concept linked to waterfowl whose population one wishes to [[Wildlife management|manage]] over their entire migration space.<ref name="CMS/2007"/>
[[File:Central_Asian_Flyway_Map.png|thumb|350px|Central Asian, [[East Asian – Australasian Flyway|East Asian-Australasian]], and [[West Pacific Flyway|West Pacific]] migratory bird flyways]]
The CAF range is centered on one of the three major wintering areas of waterfowl in the [[Old World]], the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The two other significant areas are in Africa, in territory of the [[Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds|African-Eurasian Flyway]] (AEWA) to the west, and [[south-east Asia]] in the [[East Asian – Australasian Flyway]] (EAAF) to the east. These wintering areas are geographically separate, and present entirely different ecological, historical and cultural situations.<ref name="CMS/2007">{{cite book|last=CMS Secretariat |first=32nd Meeting of the Standing Committee |title=Strategic Review of Flyway Paper |publisher=UNEP/CMS Secretariat|location=Bonn|date= 8–9 November 2007 |url=http://www.cms.int/species/CAF/Doc_16_Flyway_status_report.pdf}}</ref>

The flyway covers 30 countries of [[North Asia|North]], [[Central Asia|Central]] and [[South Asia]] and [[South Caucasus|Trans-Caucasus]].<ref name="UNEP/CMS">{{cite book|last=Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species|title=Central Asian Flyway Action Plan for the Conservation of Migratory Waterbirds and their Habitats|publisher=[[UNEP]]/[[Convention on Migratory Species|CMS]] Secretariat|location=New Delhi, 10–12 June 2005|date=1 February 2006|url=http://global.wetlands.org/Portals/0/external%20docs/Annex4_CAF_Action_Plan.pdf|access-date=9 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707145527/http://global.wetlands.org/Portals/0/external%20docs/Annex4_CAF_Action_Plan.pdf|archive-date=7 July 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> The northern catchment area of the CAF overlaps with both the AEWA and EAAF, mostly within a single country, the [[Russian Federation]], though 16 of the 30 countries encompassed by the CAF ([[Afghanistan]], [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Bahrain]], [[China]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Iran]] Republic of, [[Kazakhstan]], [[Mongolia]], [[Pakistan]], Russian Federation, [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[United Arab Emirates]], United Kingdom, [[Chagos Islands]] and [[Uzbekistan]]) are located in the AEWA area.

The remaining countries in the Central Asian Flyway are [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[India]], [[Iraq]], [[Kuwait]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Maldives]], [[Myanmar]], [[Nepal]], [[Oman]], [[Qatar]] and [[Yemen]].<ref name="UNEP/CMS/Range">{{cite book |last=Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species |title=Membership of CAF Range States in Biodiversity-related International Instruments |publisher=[[UNEP]]/[[Convention on Migratory Species|CMS]] Secretariat |location=New Delhi, 10–12 June 2005 |date=1 February 2006 |url=http://www.cms.int/bodies/meetings/regional/caf/pdf/inf_11_Membership_of_CAF_RS.pdf |access-date=9 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061030041259/http://www.cms.int/bodies/meetings/regional/caf/pdf/inf_11_Membership_of_CAF_RS.pdf |archive-date=30 October 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="WI">{{cite web|url=http://global.wetlands.org/Whatwedo/AllourProjects/tabid/59/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/108/Central-Asian-Flyway-interim-coordination.aspx|title=Central Asian Flyway interim coordination|last=Wetlands International Headquarters|year=2007|work=Wetlands for water and life|publisher=[[Wetlands International]]|pages=Horapark 9, Ede. The Netherlands|access-date=2009-01-05}}{{Dead link|date=June 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

==Species==
The Central Asian Flyway covers at least 279 migratory waterbird populations of 182 species,
including 29 globally [[threatened species]] and [[near-threatened|near-threatened species]] that breed, migrate and spend the non-breeding winter period within the region. Some species are completely or largely restricted to the Central Asian Flyway range, such as:
[[File:Qtqy.jpg|thumb|Baer's pochard]]

* [[Critically endangered species|critically endangered]] - [[northern bald ibis]], [[white-bellied heron]], and [[Baer's pochard]]
* [[endangered]] - [[Indian skimmer (bird)|Indian skimmer]]
* [[Vulnerable species|vulnerable]] - [[Black-necked crane]], [[masked finfoot]], [[Socotra cormorant]], and [[wood snipe]]
* near threatened - [[Lesser adjutant]], [[greater adjutant]], [[lesser flamingo]], [[pygmy cormorant]], and [[white-eyed gull]]

[[File:Vanelus gregarius.jpg|thumb|Sociable lapwing]]In addition, the breeding range of some species are largely restricted to the region although the non-breeding ranges overlap with adjoining flyways. Examples include:

* critically endangered - [[Siberian crane]], [[slender-billed curlew]], [[sociable lapwing]], and [[spoon-billed sandpiper]]
* endangered - [[red-breasted goose]], [[Nordmann's greenshank]], and [[white-headed duck]]
* vulnerable - [[spot-billed pelican]], [[Dalmatian pelican]], [[lesser white-fronted goose]], [[marbled duck]], and [[relict gull]]
* near-threatened - [[black-winged pratincole]], [[ferruginous duck]], [[corn crake]], and [[Asian dowitcher]]<ref name="UNEP/CMS" />

==Conservation==
[[File:Ramsar logo.svg|thumb|120px|Ramsar logo]]
Regional cooperation among the Central Asian Flyway states is undertaken to promote the [[Bird conservation|conservation]] of migratory waterbirds and their habitats. This includes various international conventions including [[Central Asian Waterbirds Flyway Action Plan]],<ref name="CMS/2007"/> [[Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species]] (CMS), [[Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds]] (AEWA),
[[Ramsar Convention|Convention on Wetlands of International Importance]] (Ramsar) and [[Convention on Biological Diversity]] (CBD) and development agencies including [[United Nations Environment Programme]] (UNEP), [[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP), [[World Bank]] and [[Asian Development Bank]] (ADB) and international [[Non-governmental organization]]s including [[BirdLife International]], [[World Conservation Union]] (IUCN), [[World Wide Fund for Nature]] (WWF) and [[Wetlands International]] who all cooperate on regional and national [[wildlife conservation]].

Regional plans complement actions that are being undertaken by national governments to promote conservation. Several countries have well established [[protected areas]] to conserve important habitats for migratory waterbirds.

;Bangladesh
[[File:Sundarbans.jpg|thumb|right|Satellite image of the Sundarbans]]
According to the Ramsar definition, more than two-thirds of the country's landmass may be classified
as wetlands. It is a country dominated by wetland including estuaries, [[Mangrove#Asia|mangrove swamps]] namely the [[Sundarbans]], freshwater
marshes such as [[haor]], swamps and rivers. There are about 628 bird species in Bangladesh, of which 244 are migratory. About 100 species of migratory birds regularly or occasionally visit the country. Considering the present threats to waterbird conservation in the country, 31 migratory waterbird species are of high priority for future action for conservation. 14 of these species are threatened.
[[File:Alcedo meninting.jpg|thumb|Less concern [[blue-eared kingfisher]] in the Sundarbans.]]
The wetlands are home to about 70 species of resident waterbirds including ducks, grebe, cormorants, bitterns, herons, egrets, storks, rails, jacanas, finfoot, waders, gulls, turns, and skimmers. Eleven species of resident waterbirds are identified as threatened. The important threatened species are masked finfoot, Indian skimmer, black-headed ibis, greater adjutant, lesser adjutant, Baikal teal, Baer's pochard, ferruginous pochard, wood snipe, Nordmann's greenshank, and spoon-billed sandpiper.

The wetlands of Bangladesh are being degraded rapidly due to population pressure, withdrawal of water for irrigation, destruction of swamp forest, and many other anthropogenic and natural causes. Large scale habitat conversion, unsustainable harvesting policies and lack of ecological considerations have led to the destruction of valuable wetland habitat for water birds and other associated biodiversity. Immediate action is required for restoring these habitats and conserving the water birds in Bangladesh.
[[File:Cholon Bil.jpg|thumb|Chalan Beel in [[Natore District]]]]
The key breeding and staging areas of Bangladesh include Haor areas such as [[Meghna River|the Meghna estuary]], [[Tanguar haor]] and Hail-[[Hakaluki haor]]s, [[Chalan Beel]], the Sundarbans and other coastal mangroves including Hatia and Nijhum Dweep, and haor areas of the north west and off shore islands.

The [[Sundarbans]] mangrove forest of Bangladesh are included within {{convert| 139699|ha|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} of [[Sundarbans#Administration|3 Wildlife sanctuaries]] which are part of the [[List of World Heritage Sites in Asia and Australasia#Bangladesh|Sundarbans World Heritage Site]]. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) through its Department of Environment and Forest Department 'Wildlife Management and Nature Conservation Circle' is the main institutional structure for wildlife conservation including waterbirds and their habitats. The Ministry of Land is the legal authority for land management including wetlands.

Bangladesh is signatory to CBD, CMS, CITES and Ramsar Convention. No national level initiative has been taken for waterbirds. But self-funded waterbird census is undertaken each year in selected habitats.<ref name="Bangladesh">{{cite book |last=Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |first=Ministry of Environment and Forests |title=Country Report for Central Asian Flyway Overview:: Bangladesh |publisher=UNEP/CMS |date=May 2005 |url=http://www.cms.int/bodies/meetings/regional/caf/pdf/inf_04_8_bangladesh.pdf |access-date=2009-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611111038/http://www.cms.int/bodies/meetings/regional/caf/pdf/inf_04_8_bangladesh.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

;India
India is the core country of the CAF and supports 257 species of water birds. Of these, 81 species are migratory birds of CAF conservation concern, including three critically endangered species, six endangered species, and 13 near threatened species. The [[Ministry of Environment and Forests]] is the nodal agency for developing strategy and action plans and managing national, regional, and international programmes on water birds and wetlands conservation. Implementation of action plans is through the states environment and forests agencies with complementing activities provided by many academic institutions, NGO-conservation organizations, professional institutions and international agencies. National government institutions involved in migratory waterbirds and wetlands research/management include the [[Zoological Survey of India]], the [[Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History]], the [[Wildlife Institute of India]], [[Indian Institute of Forest Management]], the [[Centre for Environment Education]], the [[Indian Institute of Economic Growth]], the [[Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research]], and the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]].India has identified more than 300 potential Ramsar sites, of which 25 have been implemented.<ref name="GOI">{{cite book|last=Government of India|first=Ministry of Environment and Forests|title=Country Report — India|publisher=UNEP/CMS|location=Delhi|year=2005|edition=CMS/CAF/Inf.4.13|series=Central Asian Flyway Action Plan for Waterbirds and their Habitat|url=http://www.cms.int/bodies/meetings/regional/caf/pdf/inf_04_13_India.pdf|access-date=2009-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611111124/http://www.cms.int/bodies/meetings/regional/caf/pdf/inf_04_13_India.pdf|archive-date=2011-06-11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Il Islam">{{cite book|last=Ul Islam |first=M. Zafar-|author2=Asad R. Rahmani|title=Potential and Existing Ramsar Sites in India|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Delhi|year=2008|edition=review|pages=584 p., 154 maps, 220 colour plates|isbn=978-0-19-569723-0|url=https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no58147.htm}}</ref>
India is notable among CAF countries, with an extensive series of [[important bird area]]s and [[Protected areas of India|protected areas]] including [[:Category:Bird sanctuaries of India|bird sanctuaries]], [[Wildlife sanctuaries of India|wildlife sanctuaries]] and [[National parks of India|national park]]s in wetlands that provide convenient stopover and wintering areas for migratory birds using the Central Asian Flyway.
[[File:Pulicat-Spotted Pelican.jpg|thumb|Spot-billed pelican at [[Pulicat Lake]] ]]
Listed from north to south along the Eastern Flyway on or near the east coast, these include the [[Bhitarkanika National Park|Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park]], [[Banki, Orissa|Chandka-Dampara Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Mangal Jodi]] [[Chilika Lake|Nalabana Bird Sanctuary]], [[Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary]] and Godavari estuary, [[Kolleru Lake|Kolleru Lake Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Nelapattu|Nellapattu Bird Sanctuary]], [[Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary]], [[Guindy National Park]], [[Kaliveli Tank]] and [[Yeduyanthittu estuary]], [[Bahour Lake]], [[Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary]], [[Protected areas of Tamil Nadu#Bird sanctuaries|Karaivetti Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Big Tank (Peria Kanmai) and Sakkarakotai Kanma]], [[Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary]] and [[Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary]], [[Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park]] and [[Koothankulam Bird Sanctuary|Kunthangulam Bird Sanctuary]]<ref name="BLImap"/>

Sanctuaries for migratory waterbirds listed from north to south along the Western Flyway on or near the west coast of India include [[Rann of Kutch]], [[Flamingo City]], [[Banni Grassland and Chhari Dhand]], [[Naliya Grassland]], [[Jamnagar district|Lala Bustard Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Porbandar Bird Sanctuary]], [[Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary|Khijadiya Lake and Bird Sanctuary]], [[Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch|Marine National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Charakla Salt Works]], [[Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary]], [[Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar]], [[Gir Forest National Park|Gir National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Kaj Lake Pipalava Bandharo]], [[Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Mahul Creek|Mahul - Sewree Creek]], [[Sanjay Gandhi National Park]], [[Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Burnt Island (Bandra) Vengurla Rocks]], [[Carambolim Wetlands]], [[Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park|Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Anshi National Park]], [[Gudavi|Gudavi Bird Sanctuary]], [[Kudremukh National Park]], [[Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Brahmagiri (hill)|Bramhagiri Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Kannur district|Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Kattampally]], [[Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve]] including: [[Mukurthi National Park]], [[Mudumalai National Park]], [[Wynad Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Bandipur National Park]] and [[Silent Valley National Park]], [[Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park]], [[Periyar National Park]], [[Thrissur-Ponnani Kole Wetlands]], [[Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary]] and [[Suchindram Theroor Birds Sanctuary]], the southernmost protected area in the continental range of the Central Asian Flyway<ref name="BLImap">{{cite web|url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMFindResults.asp&INam=&Reg=2&Cty=99#|title=site search results/India/map|last=BirdLife International|first=Data zone|year=2009|work=Map sites|access-date=2009-01-07}}</ref>
;Pakistan
Pakistan has had very few studies to monitor the migratory bird populations and their use of wetlands. Current flyway management systems rely on information from local hunters, erratic wildlife surveys and raw estimates.
[[File:Ciconia nigra 3 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|thumb|Black storks]]
Key wetland sites include [[Mangla Dam|Mangla Lake]], [[Rawal Lake]] in [[Margalla Hills National Park]], [[Zangi Nawar Lake]], the high mountain wetlands in northern Pakistan including the [[Naltar Valley|Naltar]] wetland complex and the wetlands of [[Deosai National Park]] plains. There have been several reports of [[black stork]]s, [[Crane (bird)|crane]]s and flocks of vulnerable [[marbled teal]].

The [[World Wide Fund for Nature]] reported that Pakistan's wetlands and their rich biological resources are threatened by [[over-exploitation]], [[habitat destruction]] and polluted environments. The main causes for [[wetland]] degradation are ineffective management, poor stakeholder participation and lack of coordination for management strategies.<ref name="Sheikh">{{cite book|last=Sheikh |first=Kashif M. |author2=Naseem Kashif |title=Strategic role of Pakistan wetland resources: prospects for an effective migratory waterbird conservation network |publisher=The Stationery Office|location=Edinburgh, UK.|year=2006|series=Waterbirds around the world|pages=292–293|url=http://www.jncc.gov.uk/PDF/pub07_waterbirds_part3.5.11.pdf}}</ref>

;Russia
About half the territory of the Russian Federation is in the range of the Central-Asian Flyway. Among the 176 CAF species, 143 (85%) are located (and mostly breed) in Russian territory. Most of the species are presented by [[Anatidae]] and [[wader]] groups. 37 species that inhabit the CAF area are included in the Russian Red Data Book and more than 40 species are hunting objects.<ref name="Russia">{{cite book|title=Country report – Russia, Survey of Today Situation in Russian Federation within Central Asian Flyway Region|location=New Delhi|date=10–13 June 2005|series=Meeting to Conclude and Endorse the Proposed Central Asian Flyway Action Plan for Waterbirds and their Habitat|url=http://www.cms.int/bodies/meetings/regional/caf/pdf/inf_04_12_Russia.pdf|access-date=9 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061020071556/http://www.cms.int/bodies/meetings/regional/caf/pdf/inf_04_12_Russia.pdf|archive-date=20 October 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref>

;Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is the southernmost landmass of the Central Asian Flyway and is the final destination of many migratory birds exiting the eastern and western Indian flyways and the [[Andaman Islands]]. The Department of Wildlife Conservation in Sri Lanka has declared four Ramsar sites and declared other protected areas in Sri Lanka which are wetlands habitats of migratory waterbirds. These include the [[Anawilundawa Sanctuary]], [[Bellanwilla - Attidiya Sanctuary]], [[Bundala National Park]], [[Gal Oya National Park]], [[Giants' Tank Sanctuary]], [[Kumana National Park]], [[Muthurajawela wetlands]] and [[Yala National Park]].<ref name=Herath>{{cite book|last=Herath|first=H.M.B.C.|author2=Department of Conservation|author3=Sri Lanka|title=Country report – Sri Lanka|location=New Delhi|date=10–13 June 2005|series=Meeting to Conclude and Endorse the Proposed Central Asian Flyway Action Plan for Waterbirds and their Habitat|url=http://www.cms.int/bodies/meetings/regional/caf/pdf/inf_04_4_SriLanka.pdf|access-date=9 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061020072324/http://www.cms.int/bodies/meetings/regional/caf/pdf/inf_04_4_SriLanka.pdf|archive-date=20 October 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Additional sources==
*CMS Secretariat Launches Action Plan For Central Flyway<ref name="CMS/2008">{{cite web|url=http://www.cms.int/species/CAF/news.htm|title=CMS Secretariat Launches Action Plan For Central Flyway|last=Manta|first=Francisco Rilla |author2=Rebecca Lee|date=11 January 2008|work=Central Asian Flyway News|publisher=UNEP/CMS Secretariat, Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 10, 53113 Bonn, Germany |access-date=2009-01-07}}</ref>
* Wetlands Biodiversity and Waterbirds: the Central Asian Flyway initiative, including Map of the Central Asian Flyway<ref name="WLI">{{cite web|url=http://south-asia.wetlands.org/WHATWEDO/WetlandBiodiversityandWaterbirds/tabid/644/Default.aspx|title=Wetlands Biodiversity and Waterbirds: the Central Asian Flyway initiative, including Map of the Central Asian Flyway|last=Wetlands International South Asia|year=2007|publisher=Wetlands International Wageningen, The Netherlands|access-date=2009-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707105143/http://south-asia.wetlands.org/WHATWEDO/WetlandBiodiversityandWaterbirds/tabid/644/Default.aspx|archive-date=2010-07-07|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Flyway conservation in the Central Asian Flyway<ref name="Boere">{{cite book|last=Boere|first=Gerard|author2=Colin A. Galbraith|author3=David Stroud|author4=L. K. Bridge|title=Waterbirds Around the World: A Global Overview of the Conservation, Management and Research of the World's Waterbird Flyways|publisher=The Stationery Office|year=2006|pages=940 illus|isbn=978-0-11-497333-9|url=http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-3894#35|access-date=2009-01-09|archive-date=2011-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204182548/http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-3894#35|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==External links==
* [http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/sowb/flyways/7_Central_Asia_Factsheet.pdf ''Central Asia/South Asia'' Factsheet] from [[BirdLife International]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Birds}}

[[Category:Bird migration flyways]]
[[Category:Migratory birds (Eastern Hemisphere)|ˇ]]
[[Category:Birds of Asia|.]]
[[Category:Birds of India|ˇ]]
[[Category:Birds of Bangladesh|ˇ]]
[[Category:Birds of Russia|ˇ]]
[[Category:Birds of the Arctic|.]]
[[Category:Fauna of Central Asia|ˇ]]
[[Category:Fauna of South Asia|ˇ]]
[[Category:International environmental organizations]]

Kalla Nottam

2026-03-07T05:09:32Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): created a entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kalla Nottam
| image = Kalla Nottam.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official poster
| native_name = 
| director = [[Rahul Riji Nair]]
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer =
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Vasudev
*Suryadev
*Ansu
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music =
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2019|||[[National Film Awards]]/[[Kerala State Film Awards]]|2020|7|24|[[New York Indian Film Festival]]}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Kalla Nottam''''' (released internationally as '''''The False Eye''''') is a 2019 Indian Malayalam language coming-of-age drama film directed by [[Rahul Riji Nair]] starring Vasudev, Suryadev, and Ansu.

== Cast ==
*Vasudev Sajeesh Marar as Vincent
*Suryadev Sajeesh Marar as Kishore
*Ansu Maria as Rosy
*[[Vinitha Koshy]] as Neenu
== Production ==
The film was made without a script.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kalla Nottam: A novel attempt by Rahul Riji Nair |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2020/mar/04/kalla-nottam-a-novel-attempt-by-rahul-riji-nair-2111774.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512033447/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2020/mar/04/kalla-nottam-a-novel-attempt-by-rahul-riji-nair-2111774.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=The New Indian Express|date=4 March 2020 }}</ref>

== Reception ==
Sajin Shrijith of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' opined that "Kalla Nottam is that rare coming-of-age drama which proves aesthetics don't matter much when the content is strong. I initially expected it to be something innocent and light-hearted, but I found the slightly dark direction it took later so refreshing. I didn't see some of the surprises coming. This is one of the best Malayalam films of this year".<ref>{{Cite web |title='Kalla Nottam' review: A tense coming-of-age drama with a refreshing twist |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2020/aug/01/a-tense-coming-of-age-drama-with-a-refreshing-twist-2177460.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004224311/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2020/aug/01/a-tense-coming-of-age-drama-with-a-refreshing-twist-2177460.html |archive-date=4 October 2020 |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=The New Indian Express|date=August 2020 }}</ref> Cris of ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote that "If the last 15 minutes or so of the short-length feature (1 hour 10 minutes) had been different, Kalla Nottam would have been a wonderful little package".<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2020 |title='Kalla Nottam' review: A novel idea that falters towards the end |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kalla-nottam-review-novel-idea-falters-towards-end-129592 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811214620/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kalla-nottam-review-novel-idea-falters-towards-end-129592 |archive-date=11 August 2020 |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=The News Minute}}</ref> Nirmal Jovial of ''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]'' said that "''Kalla Nottam'' is a brilliantly scripted film, executed with minimal resources. The finest performers (after the digital camera) are undoubtedly the three child artistes".<ref>{{Cite web |title='Kalla Nottam' review: Letting the lens tell a tale |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2020/07/25/kalla-nottam-review-letting-the-lens-tell-a-tale.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507201431/https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2020/07/25/kalla-nottam-review-letting-the-lens-tell-a-tale.html |archive-date=7 May 2021 |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=The Week}}</ref> G. Ragesh of ''[[Malayala Manorama|onManorama]]'' wrote that "Its unconventional way of story-telling, made possible with an innovative cinematography, makes it an engaging watch even as unfolding a simple but relevant plot.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kallanottam movie review: An intriguing tale through a different lens |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2020/07/27/kallanottam-movie-review-rahul-riji-nair-nyiff-screening.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512033446/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2020/07/27/kallanottam-movie-review-rahul-riji-nair-nyiff-screening.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=OnManorama}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
The film won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam|Best Feature Film in Malayalam]] at the National Film Awards.<ref>{{Cite news |title=67th National Film Awards: 'Kalla Nottam' is the best Malayalam film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/67th-national-film-awards-kalla-nottam-is-the-best-malayalam-film/articleshow/81634656.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604233237/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/67th-national-film-awards-kalla-nottam-is-the-best-malayalam-film/articleshow/81634656.cms |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=The Times of India|date=22 March 2021 }}</ref> The film was nominated for Best Screenplay and Best Child Artist at the [[New York Indian Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malayalam film 'Kalla Nottam' has unconventional narrative |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/south-indian/malayalam-film-kalla-nottam-has-unconventional-narrative-1.72993604 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512040644/https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/south-indian/malayalam-film-kalla-nottam-has-unconventional-narrative-1.72993604 |archive-date=12 May 2022 |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=[[Gulf News]]|date=5 August 2020 }}</ref> Vasudev Sajeesh Marar won Best Child Artist at the [[Kerala State Film Awards]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rahul Riji Nair's 'Kalla Nottam' trailer gives a peek into the life of 'child filmmakers' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rahul-riji-nairs-kalla-nottam-trailer-gives-a-peek-into-the-life-of-child-filmmakers/articleshow/78731674.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105012040/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rahul-riji-nairs-kalla-nottam-trailer-gives-a-peek-into-the-life-of-child-filmmakers/articleshow/78731674.cms |archive-date=5 November 2021 |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=The Times of India|date=18 October 2020 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|11911290}}

{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Malayalam}}
[[Category:2019 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age films]]
[[Category:Best Malayalam Feature Film National Film Award winners]]

Bahut Din Huwe

2026-03-04T04:08:59Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): added info

{{short description|1954 film by S. S. Vasan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bahut Din Huwe
| image = Bahut Din Huwe.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Poster
| native_name = 
| director = [[S. S. Vasan]]
| producer = S. S. Vasan
| writer = Dialogues by: Pandit Indra, J. S. Casshyap
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| starring = [[Madhubala]] [[Ratan Kumar|Rattan Kumar]]
| narrator =
| music = E. Sankara Sastri, B. S. Kalla
| cinematography =
| editing = N.R.Krishnaswami
| studio = [[Gemini Studios]]
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|1954|03|19|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR}}0.32 crore ({{Estimation}} {{INR}}40 crore as of 2016)
}}
'''''Bahut Din Huwe''''' ({{Translation|Many days have passed}}) is a 1954 Indian [[Hindi]]-language film directed by [[S. S. Vasan]], produced by [[Gemini Studios]] and starring [[Madhubala]]. It is a remake of the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Bala Nagamma (1942 film)|Bala Nagamma]]'' (1942).

''Bahut Din Huwe'' received lukewarm reviews from critics upon its release in March 1954. The film was not a commercial success, although it went on to celebrate a [[silver jubilee]] in [[Pune|Poona]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ashokamitran |title=Fourteen Years with Boss |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-14-342329-4 |pages=68 |author-link=Ashokamitran}}</ref>

== Plot ==
[[Madhubala]] plays the role of Princess Chandrakanta, who is born due to the blessings of Nagraj. Due to Nagraj's curse, the Queen dies as soon as the princess stops breastfeeding. The second Queen grows jealous of the princess and orders her men to kill her. However, they leave her in the forest, where she gets adopted by a priest and his wife, who ill-treats her. When she grows up, she is spotted by Prince Anand Kumar, who immediately falls in love with her. She marries him and gives birth to a son. An evil and lustful magician king, Bhadra Chamund, decides to marry Chandrakanta when he discovers that she is the most beautiful woman in the world. Disguising himself as a saint, he and goes to her palace to beg for alms and kidnaps her. When Prince Anand Kumar finds out, he marches to Bhadra Chamund's kingdom with his army to defeat him, but The Prince and the army are turned to stone by his magic.

Years later, Chandrakanta and Vijaykumar's son, Prince Vijay Kumar ([[Rattan Kumar]]), who is brought up by the palace servants, learns the truth about his parents and resolves to free them. He reaches Bhadra Chamund's kingdom with his servant Tarang Sen ([[Agha (actor)|Agha]]) and impresses him by presenting a garland. Fooling the guards, he enters the jail and finally meets his mother Chandrakanta. Chandrakanta tells him that across seven mountains and a dark cave lies a five-coloured parrot, in which Bhadra Chamund has stored his soul. He sets upon this dangerous journey to the faraway land Mayanagari, faces several obstacles like women who try to hypnotise him by playing the veena, and encounters magical illusions like a garden containing talking animals.

== Cast ==
* [[Madhubala]] as Chandrakanta
* [[Ratan Kumar|Rattan Kumar]] as Vijayakumar
* Swaraj as Prince Anand Kumar
* [[Agha (actor)|Agha]] as Tarang Sen
* Kailash as Bhadra Chamund
* [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] as Mohini
* [[Pushpavalli]] as Bhulakshmi Devi
* Gulab as Flower Woman
* [[Kanhaiyalal (actor)|Kanhaiyalal]] as Pujari
* [[Lalita Pawar]] as Ekadasi
* Suryaprabha as Young Queen
* Neela as Mala
* [[Sachu|Baby Saraswati]] as Young Chandra
* [[M. K. Radha]] as The King
* Roy Chowdhury as Nagaraj
* Indira Acharya as Maid
* Thousands of Gemini Boys and Girls

== Production ==
''Bahut Din Huwe'' is a remake of the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Bala Nagamma (1942 film)|Bala Nagamma]]'' (1942),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=23 May 2003 |title=With a finger on people's pulse |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/05/23/stories/2003052301510600.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=3 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030629133534/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/05/23/stories/2003052301510600.htm |archive-date=29 June 2003 |authorlink1=Randor Guy}}</ref> and marked [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]]'s debut in Hindi cinema.<ref name="Savitri">{{Cite news |last=Janani |first=K |date=16 May 2018 |title=Who was Savitri, the legend immortalised in Mahanati? |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/who-is-legendary-actress-savitri-nadigaiyar-thilagam-mahanati-1234385-2018-05-16 |url-status=live |access-date=31 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731062119/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/who-is-legendary-actress-savitri-nadigaiyar-thilagam-mahanati-1234385-2018-05-16 |archive-date=31 July 2018}}</ref> Shooting took place at [[Chennai|Madras]].<ref name="Madhubala">{{Cite news |date=14 February 2018 |title=Madhubala's 85th birthday: Mistress of beauty, stardom and tragedy |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/140218/madhubalas-85th-birthday.html |url-status=live |access-date=31 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731062431/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/140218/madhubalas-85th-birthday.html |archive-date=31 July 2018}}</ref>

== Songs ==
#"Saiyaan Tere Prem Ki Diwaani Ban Aai Hun" – [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
#"Ammaa Ammaa Tu Kahaan Gai Amma" – Lata Mangeshkar
#"Gajaananam, He Ganesh Gananaayak" – Lata Mangeshkar
#"Vinaa Meri Aashaa Bhari, Kyun Chameli Khilakhilaati Hai Bata" – Lata Mangeshkar
#"Mai Hu Rup Ki Rani" – Lata Mangeshkar
#"Chanda Chamke Nil Gagan Mrunal" – Lata Mangeshkar

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0134301}}

{{S. S. Vasan}}
{{Gemini Studios}}

[[Category:1954 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. S. Vasan]]
[[Category:1954 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1954 Indian films]]
[[Category:Gemini Studios films]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

Kathanayika Molla

2026-03-03T20:24:05Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): basic expand formatting for consistency and added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kathanayika Molla
| image =

| caption =
| director = [[B. Padmanabham]]
| producer = B. Purushottam
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Vanisree]] [[Haranath (actor)|Haranath]] [[B. Padmanabham]] [[Sobhan Babu]]
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1970}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
}}

'''''Kathanayika Molla''''' is a 1970 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language film directed by comedian [[Padmanabham (actor)|Padmanabham]]. It is based on the life of the poet [[Molla (poet)|Molla]], played by [[Vanisree]]. It features the songs ''Jagame Ramamayam'' and ''Manishini Brahmayya Mattito Chesenaya'' and received the [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film]]. Songs were written by Dasharathi Krishnamacharya.

==Plot==
The story is based on life of the poet [[Molla (poet)|Molla]], who translated the [[Ramayana]] from Sanskrit into Telugu.

==Credits==

===Cast===
* [[Vanisree]] as Molla
* [[Harinath]] as Lord Vishnu
* [[B. Padmanabham]] as Tenali Ramakrishna
* Tyagaraaju
* [[Sobhan Babu]]
* [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] as Kesana
* Nagabhushanam
* [[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Avadhani
* [[Mikkilineni (actor)|Mikkilineni]]
* [[Jyothi Lakhsmi]] as Vidhusheemani
* Geethanjali as Ranganayaki
* [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]] as Sri Krishna Devaraya (King)

===Crew===
* Director: [[B. Padmanabham]]
* Producer: B. Purushottam
* Production Company: Rekha and Murali Productions
* Original Music: [[S. P. Kodandapani]]
* Playback singers: [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] and [[P. Susheela]]

==Songs==
* "Doravo Evaravo Naa Korake Digina Devaravo" (Lyrics: [[Devulapalli Krishnasastri]]; Singers: [[P. Susheela]] and Ghantasala
* "Jagame Ramamayam Manase Aganita Taraka Namamayam" (Singer: P. Susheela)
* "Manishini Brahmayya Mattito Chesenaya" (Singer: S. P. Balasubrahmanyam)
* "Naane Cheluve Kannadiki" (Singer: [[L. R. Eswari]])
* "Lanka Dahanam" (Singers: Ghantasala and party)
* "Vinduva Veenula Vinduga Govindu Nandallu Parinayamaina Gaadha" (Lyrics: Devulapalli Krishnasastri)

==Awards==
* [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Nandi Award for Best Feature Film – Gold]] – B. Purushottam<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0290694/ Kathanayika Molla at IMDb.]
* [http://www.basthi.com/movies/kathanayika-molla-1970-telugu-movie-online-p1/ Kathanayika Molla Film] At Basthi.com

[[Category:1970 films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:1970 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1970 Indian films]]
[[Category:1970s biographical films]]
[[Category:Films set in the Vijayanagara Empire]]

{{1970s-Telugu-film-stub}}

Bomma Borusa

2026-03-03T20:22:49Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): formatting fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bomma Borusa
| image = Bomma Borusa.jpg

| caption = Official poster
| director = [[K. Balachander]]
| producer = [[Avichi Meiyappa Chettiar]]
| writer = K. Balachander
| narrator =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]]|[[S. Varalakshmi]]|[[Chalam (actor)|Chalam]]|[[Ramakrishna (Telugu actor)|Rama Krishna]]|[[Venniradai Nirmala]]|[[Allu Rama Lingaiah]]|[[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]]|[[Rama Prabha]]|[[Raja Babu (actor)|Raja Babu]]}}
| music = R. Goverdhanam
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor = [[A. V. M. Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|1971|08|28|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Bomma Borusa''''' ({{translation|Heads or Tails?}}) is a 1971 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by [[K. Balachander]].
It is a remake of the Tamil film ''[[Poova Thalaiya (1969 film)|Poova Thalaiya]]'', directed by K. Balachander himself.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema |last=Rajadhyaksha |first=Ashish |last2=Willeman| first2=Paul |publisher=Routledge |year=1999 |isbn=1-57958-146-3 |edition=2nd |pages=51, 235}}</ref> The film stars [[Ramakrishna (Telugu actor)|Rama Krishna]], [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]], [[S. Varalakshmi]], [[Chalam (actor)|Chalam]], [[Vennira Aadai Nirmala]], [[Allu Ramalingaiah]], [[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]], [[Raja Babu (actor)|Raja Babu]] and [[Ramaprabha]].<ref name="BM1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bharatmovies.com/telugu/info/Bomma_Borusa.htm |title=Bomma Borusa |publisher=Bharat Movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331193248/http://bharatmovies.com/telugu/info/Bomma_Borusa.htm |archive-date=31 March 2009 |url-status=dead |access-date=26 December 2008 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
It was produced by [[Avichi Meiyappa Chettiar]] and distributed by [[AVM Productions]]. The film music was composed by R. Goverdhanam and lyrics were written by [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]].
<ref name="CM1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.chimatamusic.com/searchlyr.php?st=Kosaraju%20Raghavaiah%20Chowdary |title=All Songs of Kosaraju Raghavaiah Chowdary |publisher=Chinmata Music |access-date=23 December 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="CM2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.chimatamusic.com/chandraMohan.php |title=Chandra Mohan's Best Songs – 70's |publisher=Chinmata Music |access-date=23 December 2008}}</ref>

== Plot ==

It is an old classical family drama. Sundaram (Ramakrishna) is a rich businessman and he has an younger brother Sekhar (Chandra Mohan), a college going guy who loves his brother so much. Sundaram's mother-in-law Parvatham (S. Varalakshmi) who cares for his assets, shows her dominating character on Sekhar and Sundaram. She bets with Sekhar that she would separate him from his brother and puts some conditions that he should not tell his brother about the bet to prove his strength. Parvatham's second son-in-law (Chalam) identifies that his mother-in-law has moved to Sundaram's house. Soon the second son-in-law comes to the house and places a bet with Parvatham that she only should reveal that he is the son-in-law of her. Since then, both of them start proving their capacity to win the bet. The film revolves around who wins the bet and how it brings about a change in Parvathamma's beliefs.

== Cast ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Actor !! Character
|-
| [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] || Shekhar
|-
| [[S. Varalakshmi]] || Parvatamma
|-
| [[Chalam (actor)|Chalam]] || Ranga
|-
| [[Ramakrishna (Telugu actor)|Rama Krishna]] || Sundaram
|-
| [[Vennira Aadai Nirmala]] || Rekha
|-
| [[Allu Ramalingaiah]] || Chidambaramsetty
|-
| [[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]] ||
|-
| [[Raja Babu (actor)|Raja Babu]] || Appula Appa Rao
|-
| [[Ramaprabha]] || Ammaji
|-
| [[Vijaya Nirmala]] ||
|}

== Soundtrack ==
# "Vesukunta Chempalu Vesukunta" (male)
# "Vesukunta Chempalu Vesukunta" (female)
# "Bomma Borusa Pandem Veyyi Needo Naado Paicheyi"
# "Vallu Jhillan Tunnadi"
# "Sarile Pove Vagaladi"
Soundtrack for this [[Telugu Language|Telugu]] film was composed by R. Goverdhanam and lyrics were written by [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]].
<ref name= "CM1"/>
<ref name= "CM2"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0154245|Bomma Borusa}}
* [http://www.omdb.si/index.php/ofilm/?i=44184 ''Bomma Borusa'' at Open Movie Database]
* [http://www.citwf.com/film41869.htm ''Bomma Borusa'' at CITWF]
* [https://archive.today/20130119052704/http://www.chakpak.com/movie/bomma-borusa/1952 ''Bomma Borusa'' at Chak Pak]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110728044452/http://www.spicebrisbane.org/showMovie.php?m=14594 ''Bomma Borusa'' at Spice]
* [http://hollywood.premiere.com/movie-cast-Bomma+Borusa ''Bomma Borusa'' at Hollywood Upclose]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.filmweb.pl/f335653/Bomma+Borusa,1971/obsada ''Bomma Borusa'' at Film Web]

{{AVM Productions}}
{{K. Balachander}}
[[Category:1971 Indian films]]
[[Category:1971 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1971 films]]
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Balachander]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. Govardhanam]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by K. Balachander]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Tamil films]]

Charles Shafiq Karthiga

2026-03-03T03:33:14Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): further adjusted content based on references after review

{{Short description|2015 Indian film by S. Sathiyamoorthy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Charles Shafiq Karthiga
| image =
| caption =
| writer =
| starring = [[Sharran Kumar]] [[Jai Quehaeni]] Mishal [[Narayan Lucky|Narayan]] Vimal
| director = S. Sathiyamoorthy
| producer = C. Srinivasan
| music = [[Siddharth Mohan]]
| cinematography = Sreesaravan
| studio = SS Film Factory
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2015|03|28|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| editing = Sounder Raja
}}

'''''Charles Shafiq Karthiga''''' is a 2015 [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] thriller [[film]] directed by S. Sathiyamoorthy. The film stars [[Sharran Kumar]] and [[Jai Quehaeni]] in the lead roles while Mishal, [[Narayan Lucky|Narayan]] and Vimal among others form an ensemble cast. Music for the film was composed by [[Siddharth Mohan]] and the film opened to positive reviews in March 2015.

==Cast==
* [[Sharran Kumar]] as Charles
* Mishal as Shafiq
* [[Jai Quehaeni]] as Karthiga
* [[Narayan Lucky|Narayan]] as Sanjay
* Vimal

==Production==
Directed by debutant Sathiyamoorthy, an erstwhile assistant of [[Prakash Raj]], ''Charles Shafiq Karthiga'' was produced by newcomer Saravanan. Having worked with [[Sharran Kumar]] during ''[[Inidhu Inidhu]]'' as an assistant director, Sathiyamoorthy signed him to play the lead role alongside [[Jai Quehaeni]], who had previously worked on ''[[Aarohanam (2012 film)|Aarohanam]]'' (2012).<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 March 2013 |title=CSK – Charles Shafiq Karthika |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/previews/csk-charles-shafiq-karthika/articleshow/18859792.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-28 |title=Charles Shafiq Karthiga |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/charles-shafiq-karthiga/articleshow/46726012.cms |access-date=2021-09-03 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> The film began production in early 2013 and was completed by March 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |date=18 May 2013 |title=Etcetera: Now CSK, the film |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/etcetera-now-csk-the-film/article4727331.ece |work=The Hindu |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

Throughout production, the project's title was abbreviated and publicised as ''CSK'', after the cricket team, [[Chennai Super Kings]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles Shafiq Karthika Tamil Movie Preview cinema review stills gallery trailer video clips showtimes |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/charles-shafiq-karthika-tamil-movie-preview-17320.html |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> For a particular scene, actress Jai Quehaeni sat in a drum filled with 300 liters of water and the shoot took two full days to complete.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two days in a drum full of water, Charles Shafiq Karthika, CSK |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/two-days-in-a-drum-full-of-water-charles-shafiq-karthika-csk-07-03-13.html |website=www.behindwoods.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2015 |title=My stunts in 'CSK' gave me confidence: Jai Quehaeni |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/my-stunts-in-csk-gave-me-confidence-jai-quehaeni-115030700139_1.html |via=Business Standard}}</ref>

==Release==
The film had a low-key release but won positive reviews after its release in March 2015, with the makers choosing to use its cricket-based title to release it during the ongoing [[Cricket World Cup 2015]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2015 |title='CSK will be like a Nail-biting T20 Match' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2015/mar/24/csk-will-be-like-a-nail-biting-t20-match-732722.html |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Baradwaj Rangan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' praised the film and stated it was a "well written thriller".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |date=28 March 2015 |title=CSK: A modestly mounted but well-written thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/csk-a-modestly-mounted-but-wellwritten-thriller/article7043421.ece |work=The Hindu |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> ''The Hindu'' later listed it amongst their list of top 20 Tamil films of the year.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |date=26 December 2015 |title=2015 Round-up: Top 20 Tamil films |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/roundup-of-top-20-tamil-films-of-2015/article8031697.ece |work=The Hindu |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

In contrast, ''[[Sify]]'' stated "''CSK'' is yet another film where we get impressed with one or two interesting ideas and sequences but as a movie, the effect is certainly not appealing, may be a better writing and performances would have done the trick".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-28 |title=Charles Shafique Karthiga |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/charles-shafique-karthiga-review-tamil-pd2jF6eiihjhg.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328161915/http://www.sify.com/movies/charles-shafique-karthiga-review-tamil-pd2jF6eiihjhg.html |archive-date=28 March 2015 |access-date=2021-09-03 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|8108228}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:2015 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2015 thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

{{2010s-Tamil-film-stub}}

Podhuvaga Emmanasu Thangam

2026-03-03T03:14:58Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): put up a article w/ refs

{{Short description|2017 Indian film by Thalapathy Prabhu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Podhuvaga Emmanasu Thangam
| image = PEMT_Poster.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Film poster
| director = Thalapathy Prabhu
| producer = [[Sri Thenandal Films|N. Ramasamy]] Hema Rukmani
| writer = Thalapathy Prabhu
| starring = [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] [[Nivetha Pethuraj]] [[R. Parthiepan|Parthiepan]] [[Soori (actor)|Soori]]
| music = [[D. Imman]]
| cinematography = [[Balasubramaniem]]
| editing = Dinesh Ponraj
| studio = [[Sri Thenandal Films|Thenandal Studio Limited]]
| distributor = [[Udhayanidhi Stalin|Abirami Mega Mall Private Ltd]]
| released = {{Film date|2017|08|11|df=y}}
| runtime = 138 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross =
}}

'''''Podhuvaga Em Manasu Thangam''''' ({{translation|Generally my heart is gold}}) is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language [[comedy film]] written and directed by Thalapathy Prabhu, starring [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] and [[Nivetha Pethuraj]], with [[R. Parthiepan|Parthiepan]] and [[Soori (actor)|Soori]] in supporting roles. The film began production during September 2016 and was released on 11 August 2017 with mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2017 |title=Podhuvaga Emmanasu Thangam (aka) Podhuvaga En Manasu Thangam review |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/podhuvaga-emmanasu-thangam/podhuvaga-emmanasu-thangam-review.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018084118/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/podhuvaga-emmanasu-thangam/podhuvaga-emmanasu-thangam-review.html |archive-date=18 October 2020 |access-date=12 October 2020 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref>

==Plot==
Two villages in the suburbs of Dharmapuri share the same god as their "Kula Dheivam", and the idol is to be shared between them during festivals.

Oothukattaan is a rich big shot in his village. He has a grudge against the other village as he was insulted by them a long time ago by not letting his daughter complete her ear piercing and is shooed off in the middle of the function, leaving his daughter's ears unpierced. Since then, he promised himself to destroy the village and bring the idol to his village forever. In order to destroy the neighboring village, he plans to evacuate the entire village population, so he uses his power and wealth to stop government projects and welfare facilities from reaching the other village and make it a barren land, which forces people to evacuate and move to other places in search of livelihood. He even helps the jobless youths in that village get jobs in neighboring cities, thus reducing the population of the other village.

Ganesh is a jobless, but intelligent, youth living in the other village. Though he is jobless, he has earned a good name for himself among the villagers by doing social service and helping in the village's development. He roams along with his friend Tiger Pandi. Oothukaattan realizes that as long as Ganesh lives in that village, he cannot evacuate it. He decides to get rid of him and offers him a job, for which he agrees. Later, Ganesh learns that Oothukaattan has a sister whom he has married to the neighboring village and has done so many welfare schemes there. Ganesh decides to woo and marry Leelavathi, Oothukaattan's daughter, thinking that Oothukaattan will develop the village where his daughter is going to live. Ganesh successfully woos Leela, and they fall in love.

Oothukaattan plans to bring a beer factory to the next village so their water resources will be depleted, forcing villagers to move from there. He also learns that Ganesh has wooed Leela, so he plans to get rid of him. He tricks the villagers to send him out of the village. Ganesh requests for a poll and promises he will leave if the majority of the village is against him. Due to Oothukaattan's schemes, Ganesh loses the election and leaves. Oothukaattan buys the villagers' farmlands for the factory. Ganesh refuses to sell his land. This infuriates the factory owners, and they realize that they cannot build a factory if Ganesh does not sell his land. The villagers request Ganesh to come back. He does and finds out that Oothukaattan is behind all this.

Leela is infuriated to find out that Ganesh wooed her for his village's benefit and breaks up with him. Meanwhile, the village festival is around the corner, during which Oothukaattan plans to destroy the village.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] as Ganesh
*[[Nivetha Pethuraj]] as Leelavathi
*[[R. Parthiban|Parthiban]] as Oothukaattaan, Leela's father
*[[Soori (actor)|Soori]] as Tiger Pandi, Ganesh's friend
*[[Rajendran]] as Rajendran
*[[Namo Narayana]] as Ramalingam
*[[Vivek Prasanna]] as "Meesakaara" Murugesan
*[[Rama (actress)|Rama]] as Ganesh's mother
*[[G. M. Sundar]] as Dharmalingam
*[[Mayilsamy]] as Narayanan
*[[Bharathi Kannan]] as Bhanu Prakash
*[[Florent Pereira]] as Villager
*Sasikalaa as Tv reporter, lover of Tiger Pandi
*[[Supergood Subramani]] as Cycle-shop owner
{{colend}}

==Production==
In February 2016, [[Sri Thenandal Films]] signed on [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] to play the lead role in one of their forthcoming ventures.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2016 |title=Udhayanidhi Stalin without Red Giant for the first time - Tamil News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/udhayanidhi-stalin-next-new-movie-produced-by-sri-thenandal-films-tamil-news-151871.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017161351/https://www.indiaglitz.com/udhayanidhi-stalin-next-new-movie-produced-by-sri-thenandal-films-tamil-news-151871.html |archive-date=17 October 2020 |access-date=12 October 2020 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> Newcomer Thalapathy Prabhu, an erstwhile assistant of Ponram, was signed on as the film's director, while [[D. Imman]] and [[Balasubramaniem]] worked as the film's music director and cinematographer respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2016 |title=Udhayanidhi Stalin to team up with director Ponram's assistant |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/udhayanidhi-stalin-to-team-up-with-director-ponrams-assistant.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205210014/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/udhayanidhi-stalin-to-team-up-with-director-ponrams-assistant.html |archive-date=5 December 2019 |access-date=12 October 2020 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> Stalin agreed to work on the film after being recommended to Prabhu by cinematographer [[Balasubramaniem]]. [[R. Parthiepan|Parthiepan]] was selected to portray a negative role, while [[Soori (actor)|Soori]] was signed on to play the film's comedian.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2016 |title=Parthiepan the Baddie For Udhayanidhi Stalin |url=http://tamilmovies.com/main/2016/09/09/parthiepan-the-baddie-for-udhayanidhi-stalin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916145715/http://tamilmovies.com/main/2016/09/09/parthiepan-the-baddie-for-udhayanidhi-stalin/ |archive-date=16 September 2016 |access-date=19 September 2016}}</ref> The team held negotiations with [[Catherine Tresa]] before [[Nivetha Pethuraj]] was signed on to portray the leading female role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=James |first=Merin |date=9 September 2016 |title=Nivetha Pethuraj pairs up with Udhayanidhi Stalin |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/090916/nivetha-pethuraj-pairs-up-with-udhayanidhi-stalin.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919005734/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/090916/nivetha-pethuraj-pairs-up-with-udhayanidhi-stalin.html |archive-date=19 September 2016 |access-date=19 September 2016 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Catherine Tresa to Romance Udhayanidhi | Movie Clickz |url=https://movieclickz.com/tamil-cinema-news/catherine-tresa-to-romance-udhayanidhi/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831174054/https://movieclickz.com/tamil-cinema-news/catherine-tresa-to-romance-udhayanidhi/ |archive-date=31 August 2017 |access-date=19 September 2016}}</ref>

The film was officially titled as ''Podhuvaga Em Manasu Thangam'' named after the song from ''[[Murattu Kaalai (1980 film)|Murattu Kaalai]]'' (1980) in September 2016, with the shoot beginning in [[Theni]] thereafter.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2016 |title=Udhayanidhi's next film with Thalapathy has been titled as Podhuvaga En Manasu Thangam |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/udhayanidhis-next-film-with-thalapathy-has-been-titled-as-podhuvaga-en-manasu-thangam.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012054419/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/udhayanidhis-next-film-with-thalapathy-has-been-titled-as-podhuvaga-en-manasu-thangam.html |archive-date=12 October 2020 |access-date=12 October 2020 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> The shoot lasted for a period of 60 days, with Stalin working on the film alongside his commitments for ''[[Saravanan Irukka Bayamaen]]'' and ''[[Ippadai Vellum]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2017 |title=Udhayanidhi Stalin Interview: 'Podhuvaaga En Manasu Thangam' Was A Trip Down Memory Lane |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/features/udhayanidhi-stalin-interview-podhuvaaga-en-manasu-thangam-was-a-trip-down-memory-lane/}}</ref> Prior to the film's release, a screening was held for politician [[M. K. Stalin]], Udhayanidhi's father.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MK Stalin impressed with Udhay's 'Podhuvaga Emmanasu Thangam' |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/mk-stalin-impressed-with-udhay’s-podhuvaga-emmanasu-thangam-news-tamil-riipFSdaagbfg.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809014158/http://www.sify.com/movies/mk-stalin-impressed-with-udhay%E2%80%99s-podhuvaga-emmanasu-thangam-news-tamil-riipFSdaagbfg.html |archive-date=9 August 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Podhuvaga Emmanasu Thangam
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[D. Imman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 28 June 2017
| recorded = 2017
| venue =
| studio =
| genre =
| length =
| language = Tamil
| label = [[Think Music India]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Rubaai (film)|Rubaai]]
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = [[Karuppan]]
| next_year = 2017
}}
The film's music was composed by [[D. Imman]] and the album released on 28 June 2017, featuring five songs. The audio rights were acquired by [[Think Music India]].

{{tracklist
| headline = Track list
|all_lyrics = [[Yugabharathi]]
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| lyrics_Credits = yes
| total_length = 19:59
| title1 = Summa Irukkuruthu Easy

| extra1 = Deepak
| length1 = 4:30
| title2 = Ammani

| extra2 = Diluckshan Jeyaratnam, [[Shashaa Tirupati]]
| length2 = 4:28
| title3 = Yennaannu Solveno

| extra3 = [[D. Sathyaprakash|Sathyaprakash]], [[Vandana Srinivasan]]
| length3 = 2:43
| title4 = Singakutty

| extra4 = Raja Ganapathy, Niranjana
| length4 = 4:14
| title5 = Pachi Paranthiruchi

| extra5 = Mannargudi Ramesh
| length5 = 4:04
}}

==Release==
The film had a worldwide theatrical release on 11 August 2017 to coincide with the Independence Day weekend and opened alongside two other films, [[Soundarya Rajinikanth]]'s ''[[Velaiilla Pattadhari 2]]'' and [[Ram (director)|Ram]]'s ''[[Taramani (film)|Taramani]]''.The satellite rights of the film were sold to [[Zee Tamil]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2018 |title=பொதுவாக என் மனசு தங்கம் நாளை காலை 10 மணிக்கு |url=https://twitter.com/ZeeTamil/status/1018057522765107200 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509221959/https://twitter.com/ZeeTamil/status/1018057522765107200 |archive-date=9 May 2019 |access-date=12 April 2019 |website=twitter.com/ZeeTamil}}</ref>

==Reception==
Reviewing the film, Anupama Subramaniam of the [[Deccan Chronicle]] wrote that "on the whole, the movie can be enjoyed only in parts" and compared the film to ''[[Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam]]'' (2013).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=12 August 2017 |title=PET movie review: Enjoyable, but only in parts |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/120817/pet-movie-review-enjoyable-but-only-in-parts.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019220721/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/120817/pet-movie-review-enjoyable-but-only-in-parts.html |archive-date=19 October 2020 |access-date=12 October 2020 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> A critic from the Times of India stated "overall, the film manages to amble along to its end despite the title credits scene promising us a gripping drama", while noting the film "suffers from an inconsistency in tone and this makes it less engaging than it should be".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Podhuvaga Emmanasu Thangam Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Podhuvaga Emmanasu Thangam by Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/podhuvaga-emmanasu-thangam/movie-review/60020499.cms |via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> Likewise a critic from The Hindu stated "there's little to savour in this film apart from a few laughs", while The New Indian Express called the film a "tiring affair".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=11 August 2017 |title='Podhuvaga Emmanasu Thangam' review: Generally speaking |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/podhuvaga-emmanasu-thangam-review-generally-speaking/article19474858.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112002417/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/podhuvaga-emmanasu-thangam-review-generally-speaking/article19474858.ece |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=12 October 2020 |work=The Hindu |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Podhuvaga Emmanasu Thangam review: How to ruin an iconic song |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/aug/12/podhuvaga-emmanasu-thangam-review-how-to-ruin-an-iconic-song-1641876.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016210005/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/aug/12/podhuvaga-emmanasu-thangam-review-how-to-ruin-an-iconic-song-1641876.html |archive-date=16 October 2020 |access-date=12 October 2020 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=7165454}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by D. Imman]]
[[Category:2017 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2017 comedy films]]

X: Past Is Present

2026-03-02T10:05:13Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): general refined intro for accuracy and added references for accuracy

{{Short description|2015 Indian experimental film directed by Nalan Kumarasamy}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = X: Past is Present
| image = X-The_Film-Poster.jpg
| alt = Poster of the film - "X — The Film.jpg"
| caption = Film poster
| director = Abhinav Shiv Tiwari [[Anu Menon]] [[Hemant Gaba]] [[Nalan Kumarasamy]] [[Pratim D. Gupta]] [[Qaushiq Mukherjee|Q]] Raja Sen [[Rajshree Ojha]] [[Sandeep Mohan]] [[Sudhish Kamath]] [[Suparn Verma]]
| producer = [[Manish Mundra]] [[Sudhish Kamath]] Shiladitya Bora
| writer = [[Thiagarajan Kumararaja]] Hemant Gaba Raja Sen Pratim D. Gupta [[Anu Menon]] Ivana Verle Sandeep Mohan Suparn Verma Rajshree Ojha Abhay Shetty Q Sudhish Kamath
| starring = [[Rajat Kapoor]] [[Anshuman Jha]]
| music = Sudeep Swaroop
| cinematography = Anuj Rakesh Dhawan Aseem Bajaj Dinesh B. Krishnan Gairik Sarkar Katyayani Mudholkar Maeve O'Connell Q [[Ravi K. Chandran]] Sandeep Mohan [[Siddhartha Nuni]] Siddharth Kay Sidhant Chowdhry Viraaj Sinh Gohil
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]] Vijay Prabakaran Vijay Venkatraman Biplab Goswami Gairik Sarkar Dhritiman Das Shreyas Beltangdy Ankit Srivastava Ninaad Khanolkar Ritchik Mozumdar
| studio = [[Drishyam Films]] Made In Madras Ink
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|11|20|India|ref1=<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NT3GlzxnwII X: Past is Present | Trailer | Nov 20 | Rajat Kapoor, Radhika Apte, Swara Bhaskar, Huma Qureshi – YouTube]</ref>}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = English Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''X: Past is Present''''' is a 2015 Indian collaborative feature film directed by a team of eleven filmmakers including Abhinav Shiv Tiwari, [[Anu Menon]], [[Nalan Kumarasamy]], Hemant Gaba, [[Pratim D. Gupta]], [[Qaushiq Mukherjee|Q]], Raja Sen, [[Rajshree Ojha]], Sandeep Mohan, [[Sudhish Kamath]] and Suparn Verma.<ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite web|agency=Indo-Asian News Service |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-28/news-interviews/41537752_1_aditi-manish-mundra-rajat-kapoor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901202311/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-28/news-interviews/41537752_1_aditi-manish-mundra-rajat-kapoor |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-09-01 |title=Aditi roots for indie films |date=2013-08-28 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2013-09-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.glamsham.com/movies/reviews/x-past-is-present-movie-review.asp |title= X Past is Present Movie Review: Overall, this movie is like a biryani prepared by 11 cooks |publisher=Glamsham |access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> It features actor-director [[Rajat Kapoor]] and [[Anshuman Jha]] in the lead.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ians — Chennai |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/X---1-film-11-directors/2013/05/16/article1592062.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203011321/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/X---1-film-11-directors/2013/05/16/article1592062.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 December 2013 |title='X' – 1 film, 11 directors |work=The New Indian Express |date=2013-05-16 |access-date=2013-09-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Ankur Pathak — Mumbai Mirror |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/LSD-actor-Anshuman-Jha-romances-three-women-in-his-next-film/articleshow/30144839.cms|title=LSD actor Anshuman Jha romances three women in his next film |work=Mumbai Mirror|date=2014-02-10 | access-date=2014-08-21}}</ref> ''X'' is not an [[anthology]],<ref name="Rediff.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/story-of-x-11-directors-one-film/20130514.htm |title=The story of X: 11 directors, 1 film — Rediff.com Movies |work=Rediff.com |date=2013-05-14 |access-date=2013-09-06}}</ref> but one whole story with the eleven directors making sections of it.<ref name="indiatimes2">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Eleven-directors-join-hands-for-a-hundred-minute-project/articleshow/20107512.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202224823/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-17/news-interviews/39335796_1_film-festival-raja-sen-rajat-kapoor |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-12-02 |title=Eleven directors join hands for a hundred minute project |date=2013-05-17 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2013-09-06}}</ref> The film has been produced by [[Manish Mundra]] and has been announced for a nationwide release in India on 20 November 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/xthefilm |title=X |publisher=Drishyam Gilms |date=2015-11-06 |access-date=2013-09-06}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=June 2024}}

==Plot summary==
"'''Past is Present'''" (Directed by [[Sudhish Kamath]])
*[[Rajat Kapoor]]
*[[Aditi Chengappa]]
Synopsis: A filmmaker named K (Rajat Kapoor) meets a girl half his age at a film festival party. Through the course of the night she reminds him of all the women in his life, from lovers to wives to actresses.

"'''17 Presents'''" (Directed by Hemant Gaba)
*[[Anshuman Jha]]
*[[Piaa Bajpai]]
Synopsis: When K (Anshuman Jha) was still in school, he had a girlfriend named Shireen, who had showered him with gifts on his birthday but he was uncomfortable in being physically intimate with her.

"'''Oysters'''" (Directed by [[Anu Menon]])
*Gabriella Schmidt
*Dev Sagoo
*Nabeel Qayyum
Synopsis: K (Dev Sagoo) was secretly filming a woman (Gabriella Schmidt) in London who turned out to be the mistress of the producer (Nabeel Qayyum) he was pitching his script to.

"'''Biryani'''" (Directed by [[Rajshree Ojha]])
*[[Rajat Kapoor]]
*[[Radhika Apte]]
Synopsis: K's (Rajat Kapoor) wife Rija (Radhika Apte) tells him over a dinner at home that she knows he has been having an affair with his actress and she has gone ahead and aborted their baby.

"'''8 to 8'''" (Directed by [[Pratim D. Gupta]])
*[[Parno Mittra]]
*[[Usha Uthup]]
*Ronodeep Bose
Synopsis: A young K's (Ronodeep Bose) first job was in Kolkata where he was allowed to stay as a paying guest in landlady Mrs Baker's (Usha Uthup) room only from 8am to 8pm. Shiuli (Parno Mittra) stayed in the same room from 8pm to 8am and the two fall in love through the poems they write to each other.

"'''Ice Maid'''" (Directed by [[Qaushiq Mukherjee|Q]])
*[[Rajat Kapoor]]
*[[Rii Sen]]
Synopsis: K (Rajat Kapoor) has a writer's block and he spikes the drinks of his maid Basanti (Rii Sen) and himself, resulting in a hallucinogenic trip where Chandramukhi and Paro are played by the same woman (Rii).

"'''Fin'''" (Directed by [[Sandeep Mohan]])
*[[Anshuman Jha]]
*[[Richa Shukla]]
Synopsis: K (Anshuman Jha) has a flirtatious rendezvous with a girl named Sanjana (Richa Shukla) in California where he had gone to show one of his films.

"'''Audition'''" (Directed by Abhinav Shiv Tiwari)
*[[Rajat Kapoor]]
*[[Bidita Bag]]
*[[Pooja Ruparel]]
Synopsis: K (Rajat Kapoor) is caught between his mistress, the ageing actress Ayesha (Pooja Ruparel), and the new actress he wants to cast (Bidita Bag).

"'''Yaadein'''" (Directed by Suparn Verma)
*[[Rajat Kapoor]]
*[[Radhika Apte]]
*[[Neha Mahajan]]
Synopsis: K (Rajat Kapoor) has nightmares about a car accident when he was driving with a pregnant woman named Avantika (Neha Mahajan).

"'''Knot'''" (Directed by Raja Sen)
*[[Anshuman Jha]]
*[[Huma Qureshi]]
Synopsis: The young K (Anshuman Jha) has a mock interview done by his lover Veena (Huma Qureshi) who really puts him in a spot.

"'''Summer Holiday'''" (Directed by [[Nalan Kumarasamy]]; includes Tamil dialogue)
*[[Anshuman Jha]]
*[[Swara Bhaskar]]
*[[Yog Japee]]
Synopsis: When K (Anshuman Jha) was really young, he had gone to south India where he was seduced by Aunty (Swara Bhaskar) so that her husband (Yog Japee) can rape him.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Rajat Kapoor]] / [[Anshuman Jha]] / Ronodeep Bose / Dev Sagoo as K
* [[Huma Qureshi]] as Veena
* [[Swara Bhaskar]] as Aunty
* [[Radhika Apte]] as Rija
* [[Piaa Bajpai]] as Shireen
* [[Usha Uthup]] as Mrs Baker
* [[Neha Mahajan]] as Avantika
* [[Rii Sen]] as Basanti
* [[Aditi Chengappa]] as Aastha
* [[Bidita Bag]] as Heena
* Gabriella Schmidt
* [[Parno Mittra]] as Shiuli
* [[Pooja Ruparel]] as Ayesha
* [[Richa Moorjani]] as Sanjana
* Hagupreet Singh
* [[Yog Japee]] as Aunty's husband
}}

==Production==
In May 2013, it was announced that eleven filmmakers from different parts of India had come together to make one single film,<ref>{{cite web|author= Rate Story |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/11-directors-come-together-3140.html |title=11 directors come together |publisher=Filmfare.com |date=2013-05-14 |access-date=2013-09-06}}</ref> with the directors stressing that the film was not an [[anthology]],<ref name="Rediff.com"/> but one whole story with the eleven directors making sections of it.<ref name="indiatimes2"/> The film's basic plotline was quoted as "''X- Past is Present'' is a filmmaker’s journey through his past encounters with his 10 ex-girlfriends as he spends one surreal, unforgettable night at a film festival after he meets a mysterious girl who intriguingly seems to have something to do with every woman in his life".<ref>{{cite web |author=Ip Man |url=http://twitchfilm.com/2013/05/indias-craziest-young-talent-joins-forces-for-x-the-film.html |title=India's Craziest Young Talent Joins Forces For X THE FILM | Twitch |publisher=Twitchfilm.com |date=2013-05-14 |access-date=2013-09-06 |archive-date=17 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917043430/http://twitchfilm.com/2013/05/indias-craziest-young-talent-joins-forces-for-x-the-film.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The idea came from film critic [[Sudhish Kamath]]<ref name="indiatimes2"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Collaborations-catching-on/articleshow/20581241.cms |title=Collaboration's catching on |work=Mumbai Mirror |date=2013-06-14 |access-date=2013-09-06}}</ref> when he was at The Goa Project held in March. He wanted to shoot a film during the event itself but as he could not because of lack of funds and time he "decided to take the idea forward and make it bigger in scope". He met Shiladitya Bora at the event, who accepted to be the film's executive producer.<ref name="indianexpress1">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/eleven-for-one/1120926/0#sthash.aTazFoSt.dpuf |title=Eleven for One |work=The Indian Express |date=2013-05-27 |access-date=2013-09-06}}</ref>

Kamath was also instrumental in getting the directors together.<ref name="indianexpress1"/> The eleven directors who came on board were Abhinav Shiv Tiwari (''Oass''), [[Anu Menon]] (''[[London, Paris, New York]]''), Hemant Gaba (''[[Shuttlecock Boys]]''), [[Pratim D. Gupta]] (''[[Paanch Adhyay]]''), [[Qaushiq Mukherjee]] (''[[Gandu (film)|Gandu]]''), Raja Sen (film critic), [[Rajshree Ojha]] (''[[Aisha (2010 film)|Aisha]]''), Sandeep Mohan (''Love, Wrinkle Free''), Sudhish Kamath (''[[Good Night Good Morning]]''), Suparn Verma (''Aatma'') and [[Thiagarajan Kumararaja]] (''[[Aaranya Kaandam]]'') who had written individual segments and would direct them themselves.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://postnoon.com/2013/05/15/x-the-film-from-indian-cinemas-xi/125360 |title=X: The film from Indian Cinema's XI |publisher=Postnoon |access-date=2013-09-06}}</ref> The filmmakers met in Mumbai in early May to lock their segments after six-weeks long online interactions and discussions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bollyspice.com/59491/x-one-film-11-directors |title='X'-One film-11 Directors |publisher=BollySpice |date=2013-05-17 |access-date=2013-09-06}}</ref> Due to Thiyagarajan Kumararaja's unavailability,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Gautham-is-the-eleventh-man/articleshow/20967570.cms |title=Gautham is the eleventh man |work=Mumbai Mirror |date=2013-07-08 |access-date=2013-09-06}}</ref> Gautham Menon agreed to direct his script.<ref>{{cite web|author=TNN |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Gautham-Menon-is-the-eleventh-man/articleshow/20983798.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130713103914/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-09/news-interviews/40468904_1_gautham-menon-sandeep-mohan-thiagarajan-kumararaja |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-07-13 |title=Gautham Menon is the eleventh man |date=2013-07-09 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2013-09-06}}</ref> However, in November 2013 it was reported that Menon was also out of the project, although he had started shooting his part in July in [[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130712034033/http://www.sify.com/movies/gautham-menon-starts-shooting-in-pudhuchery-news-tamil-nhjkIncfcdf.html Gautham Menon starts shooting in Pudhuchery!]</ref> and Nalan Kumarasamy, director of ''[[Soodhu Kavvum]]'' subsequently replaced him to direct Kumararaja's segment.<ref>[http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-13/nalan-kumarasamy-to-direct-a-segment-in-x-the-film-instead-of-gautham-menon.html Nalan Kumarasamy to direct a segment in X the film, instead of Gautham Menon]</ref>

[[Rajat Kapoor]] was signed as the lead actor, with the eleven segments revolving around his character K, while twelve actresses would play the female leads in each segment, with one segment featuring two female characters. [[Aditi Chengappa]] played the lead in the part directed by Sudhish Kamath.<ref name="indiatimes1"/> Suparn Verma started and finished shooting for his track in August with [[Radhika Apte]] and Neha Mahajan being part of his part.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/bengali/news-interviews/Aatma-director-wants-Qs-red-glasses/articleshow/22140246.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004220329/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-29/news-interviews/41579855_1_aatma-glasses-suparn-verma |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-10-04 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Aatma director wants Q's red glasses |access-date=2013-09-06}}</ref> [[Piaa Bajpai]] was signed for the part by Hemant Gaba,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2013-08-17/Game-for-experimenting-69541 |title=Game for Experimenting : Piaa Bajpai |publisher=The Hans India |date=2013-02-22 |access-date=2013-09-06}}</ref> while Raja Sen selected [[Huma Qureshi]] for his part of the film.<ref name="Huma Qureshi in X The Film">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/bengali/news-interviews/Huma-Qureshi-in-X-the-film/articleshow/23265565.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003042002/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-30/news-interviews/42503397_1_anshuman-jha-rajat-kapoor-huma-qureshi |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-10-03 |title=Huma Qureshi in X The Film |date=2013-09-30 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2013-09-30}}</ref> [[Swara Bhaskar]] was part of the segment directed by Tamil director Nalan Kumaraswamy, with the actress stating that she shot for four days at Koovathur near Chennai.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/constitutionally-speaking/article5758146.ece Constitutionally speaking – Bangalore – The Hindu]</ref> [[Anshuman Jha]] was cast as the younger Rajat Kapoor and is part of Raja Sen, Hemant Gaba and Kumararaja's segments.<ref name="Huma Qureshi in X The Film"/>

==Release==
''X- Past is Present'' premiered as the opening film of the 2014 South Asian International Film Festival (SAIFF).<ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/honoured-that-x-will-open-saiff-sudhish-kamath_1488834.html Honoured that 'X' will open SAIFF: Sudhish Kamath | Zee News]</ref> After doing the rounds of various international film festivals, ''X- Past is Present'' released in India on 20 November 2015.<ref>[http://www.koimoi.com/videos/check-out-x-past-is-present-official-trailer/ Check Out : ‘X: Past Is Present’ Official Trailer]</ref>

==Critical response==
Josh Hurtado of [[Twitch Film]] rated X "among the most poignant love stories... in recent years."<ref>{{cite web|title=Twitch Film|url=http://twitchfilm.com/2014/11/saiff-2014-review-x---the-past-is-present-is-an-experimental-romance-omnibus-worth-exploring.html|publisher=Twitch Film|access-date=17 November 2014}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Navamy Sudhish of [[The New Indian Express]] who reviewed the film during the India premiere at the [[International Film Festival of Kerala]] wrote: "A rear-view narrative that brings together 11 confidently executed episodes, the film weaves on screen a fresh cinematic syntax"<ref>{{cite web |last=Sudhish |first=Navamy |title=A Brilliant Tapestry |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/A-Brilliant-Tapestry/2014/12/17/article2574683.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507001924/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/A-Brilliant-Tapestry/2014/12/17/article2574683.ece |archive-date=7 May 2015 |access-date=17 December 2014 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Subhash K. Jha gave the film 4/5 stars stating, "an audacious experimental film".{{cn|date=October 2025}}

[[Namrata Joshi]] of [[The Hindu]] gave the film 3/5 and wrote: "There is a big idea here, which gets communicated to the viewer at times and eludes at others."<ref>{{cite news|title=The Hindu|website=[[The Hindu]] |date=19 November 2015 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/x-past-is-present-the-film-belongs-to-its-women/article7897581.ece|access-date=21 November 2015}}</ref> Sweta Kaushal of [[Hindustan Times]] gave the film 3/5 and called it "a heady, abstract mix of the different ways sex and love can be seen. The film is a philosophical take on human life, how we are mostly the sum total of the people in our lives." She particularly raved the segments by [[Pratim D. Gupta]] and Nalan Kumaraswamy mentioning "While the Kolkata love story is the quintessential unrequited romance where the duo doesn’t even meet and connects just through poetry, the south Indian love story defines when and where K began running from people — his mistrust and his fear of opening up to people all find root in this one story."<ref>{{cite web |last=Kaushal |first=Sweta |date=20 November 2015 |title=X - Past is Present review: Exploring the twisted human psyche |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/x-past-is-present-review-an-intriguing-narrative/story-rDdNeIFkglR6HcEGyXec3O.html |access-date=21 November 2015 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

Shubha Shetty of [[Mid-day]] gave the film 3/5 and called it "a fascinating amalgamation of a lot many flavours of varied personalities."<ref>{{cite web|title=Mid-day|date=20 November 2015 |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/x-past-is-present---movie-review/16700150#sthash.vEZeK7ah.dpuf|publisher=Mid-day|access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> Saibal Chatterjee of [[NDTV]] gave the film 3/5 and wrote "a cinematic pastiche that represents as audacious a leap into the unknown" that "lands firmly on its feet and keeps its balance."<ref>{{cite web|title=NDTV Movies|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/x-past-is-present-movie-review-1206|publisher=NDTV|access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref>

Nonika Singh of [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] gave the film 2.5/5 and wrote that "all 11 individually directed segments blend seamlessly" and "reveal many layers of complex web of human relationship"<ref>{{cite web|title=The Tribune|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/movie-reviews/many-shades-of-love-lust-and-grey/160690.html|access-date=20 November 2015|archive-date=3 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151203235348/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/movie-reviews/many-shades-of-love-lust-and-grey/160690.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mohar Basu of [[The Times of India]] gave the film 2/5 calling it "a bizarre, underwhelming hotch-potch". She singled out the segment by [[Pratim D. Gupta]] as the one that stands out saying, "None of the other plots quite condense the idea of love so deeply. Though all stories are about unrequited love, this one feels the most complete one of the lot."<ref>{{cite news |last=Basu |first=Mohar |title=X: PAST IS PRESENT MOVIE REVIEW |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/X-Past-Is-Present/movie-review/49856265.cms |access-date=21 November 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of [[Indian Express]] slammed the film writing that it is "a disjointed stutter, rather than a seamless progression, its backing-and-forthing more choppy and confusing than anything else."{{cn|date=October 2025}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|5207116}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:English-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:2015 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Qaushiq Mukherjee]]
[[Category:Films directed by Pratim D. Gupta]]
[[Category:Films directed by Nalan Kumarasamy]]

Political divisions of Palakkad district

2026-02-26T13:45:52Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): put up initial location added tags

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}

'''[[Palakkad District]]''' has four types of administrative hierarchies:
* Taluk and Village administration managed by the provincial government of Kerala
* Panchayath Administration managed by the local bodies
* Parliament Constituencies for the federal government of India
* Assembly Constituencies for the provincial government of Kerala
The [[Palakkad district]] is a political subdivision within the Indian state of [[Kerala]]. This district is divided into six taluks and seven municipalities. [[Palakkad]] city is located just 50 km away from [[Coimbatore]], which is the second-largest city in [[Tamil Nadu]], only after to [[Chennai]].
[[File:Subdistricts of Palakkad.png|thumbnail|Taluks of [[Palakkad]]]]

==Taluks of Palakkad District==
The district is divided into six taluks.of which Palakkad Taluk is smallest in area but it is more populated.<ref name="palakkad.nic.in">{{cite web |url=http://www.palakkad.nic.in/ |title=*** Official WebSite Of Palakkad District *** |publisher=Palakkad.nic.in |date= |accessdate=2011-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205855/http://www.palakkad.nic.in/ |archive-date=9 January 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Taluk !! Population (2011 est.)
|-
| [[Alathur]] || 453425
|-
| [[Chittur-Thathamangalam|Chittur]] || 446778
|-
| [[Mannarkkad]] || 418535
|-
| [[Ottappalam]] || 443167
|-
| [[Palakkad]] || 621622
|-
| [[Pattambi]] || 423400
|-
! Total !! 2809934
|}

Palakkad District Overview

An official Census 2011 detail of Palakkad, a district of Kerala has been released by Directorate of Census Operations in Kerala. Enumeration of key persons was also done by census officials in [[Palakkad]] District of Kerala.

In 2011, [[Palakkad]] had population of 2,809,934 of which male and female were 1,359,478 and 1,450,456 respectively. In 2001 census, Palakkad had a population of 2,617,482 of which males were 1,266,985 and remaining 1,350,497 were females. [[Palakkad]] District population constituted 8.41 percent of total Kerala population in the census of 2011. In 2001 census, this figure for [[Palakkad]] District was at 8.22 percent of Kerala population.

In the census of 2011 there was change of 7.35 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. In the previous census of India 2001, Palakkad District recorded increase of 9.88 percent to its population compared to 1991.

The initial provisional data released by census India 2011, shows that density of Palakkad district for 2011 is 627 people per km2. In 2001, Palakkad district density was at 584 people per km2. Palakkad district administers 4,482 square kilometers of areas.

Average literacy rate of Palakkad in 2011 were 89.31 compared to 84.35 of 2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male and female literacy were 93.10 and 85.79 respectively. For 2001 census, same figures stood at 89.52 and 79.56 in Palakkad District. Total literate in Palakkad District were 2,239,492 of which male and female were 1,122,600 and 1,116,892 respectively. In 2001, Palakkad District had 1,938,818 in its district.

With regards to Sex Ratio in Palakkad, it stood at 1067 per 1000 male compared to 2001 census figure of 1066. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest reports of Census 2011 Directorate. In 2011 census, child sex ratio is 967 girls per 1000 boys compared to figure of 963 girls per 1000 boys of 2001 census data.

In census enumeration, data regarding child under 0-6 age were also collected for all districts including Palakkad. There were total 302,297 children under age of 0–6 against 318,884 of 2001 census. Of total 302,297 male and female were 153,696 and 148,601 respectively. Child Sex Ratio as per census 2011 was 967 compared to 963 of census 2001. In 2011, Children under 0-6 formed 10.76 percent of Palakkad District compared to 12.18 percent of 2001. There was net change of -1.42 percent in this compared to previous census of India.

Out of the total [[Palakkad]] population for 2011 census, 24.09 percent lives in urban regions of district. In total 676,810 people lives in urban areas of which males are 328,012 and females are 348,798. Sex Ratio in urban region of [[Palakkad]] district is 1063 as per 2011 census data. Similarly child sex ratio in [[Palakkad]] district was 959 in 2011 census. Child population (0–6) in urban region was 70,405 of which males and females were 35,933 and 34,472. This child population figure of [[Palakkad]] district is 10.95% of total urban population. Average literacy rate in Palakkad district as per census 2011 is 92.45% of which males and females are 95.43% and 89.67% literates respectively. In actual number 560,597 people are literate in urban region of which males and females are 278,745 and 281,852 respectively.

As per 2011 census, 75.91% population of Palakkad districts lives in rural areas of villages. The total [[Palakkad]] district population living in rural areas is 2,133,124 of which males and females are 1,031,466 and 1,101,658 respectively. In rural areas of [[Palakkad]] district, sex ratio is 1068 females per 1000 males. If child sex ratio data of Palakkad district is considered, figure is 969 girls per 1000 boys. Child population in the age 0-6 is 231,892 in rural areas of which males were 117,763 and females were 114,129. The child population comprises 11.42% of total rural population of [[Palakkad]] district. Literacy rate in rural areas of Palakkad district is 88.31% as per census data 2011. Gender wise, male and female literacy stood at 92.36 and 84.56 percent respectively. In total, 1,678,895 people were literate of which males and females were 843,855 and 835,040 respectively.
All details regarding [[Palakkad]] District have been processed by us after receiving from Govt. of India. We are not responsible for errors to population census details of [[Palakkad]] District.

Urban Agglomerations inside [[Palakkad]] District Population Male Female
* [[Palakkad]] (Urban Agglomeration) 293,566 143,650 149,916
* [[Ottapalam]] (Urban Agglomeration) 238,230

Cities inside Palakkad District Population Male Female
* [[Palakkad]] (Municipality) 131,019 63,833 67,186

==Municipalities of Palakkad District==
[[File:Victoria College, Palakkad.jpg|thumbnail|Victoria College, Palakkad]]
The district includes Seven municipalities, which each belong to a taluk. The largest city in the district is the Palakkad municipality The municipalities, with population estimates for 2011,<ref name="palakkad.nic.in"/> are:
* [[Palakkad]] urban agglomeration (pop. 293000),
* [[Palakkad]] city (pop 131465)
* [[Ottapalam]] (pop. 53790)
* [[Shornur]] (pop. 42022)
* [[Chittur]]-[[Tattamangalam]] (pop. 31884)
* [[Pattambi]]
* [[Cherpulassery]]
* [[Mannarkkad]]

== Kerala Assembly Seats in Palakkad District as per Legislative Assembly election, 2016 ==
[[File:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Palakkad.svg|thumbnail|Local bodies incorporated in the legislative assembly constituencies]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Legislative Constituency !! MLA !! Representing Party !! Front
|-
| Palakkad ||[[Rahul Mamkootathil]]|| INC || UDF
|-
| Chittur ||[[K. Krishnankutty|K Krishnankutty]]|| JD(S) || LDF
|-
| Nenmara ||[[K. Babu (CPI-M politician)|K Babu]]|| CPI(M) || LDF
|-
| Tarur ||[[A. K. Balan|A.K Balan]]|| CPI(M) || LDF
|-
| Mannarkkad || [[N. Samsudheen|N Shamsudheen]]|| IUML || UDF
|-
| Malampuzha ||[[A. Prabhakaran|A.Prabhakaran]]|| CPI(M) || LDF
|-
| Alathur || [[K. D. Prasenan]] || CPI(M) || LDF
|-
|Thrithala || [[M. B. Rajesh|M.B.Rajesh]]|| CPI(M) || LDF
|-
| Ottapalam || [[P. Unni]]|| CPI(M) || LDF
|-
| Pattambi || [[Muhammed Muhsin]] || CPI || LDF
|-
| Kongad || [[K. V. Vijayadas|K.V Vijayadas]]|| CPI(M) || LDF
|-
| Shoranur || [[P. K. Sasi|P.K Sasi]]|| CPI(M) || LDF
|}

[[Sreekrishnapuram (gram panchayat)|Sreekrishnapuram]], [[Kuzhalmannam (gram panchayat)|Kuzhalmannam]] and [[Kollengode (gram panchayat)|Kollengode]] Constituencies have been removed and [[Kongad (gram panchayat)|Kongad]], [[Shoranur]], [[Nemmara]] and [[Tarur (gram panchayat)|Tarur]] Constituencies were created during the 2011 General Election, as a result of delimitation for the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]], increasing the total number of seats coming under Palakkad district to 12.

==Palakkad Parliament Constituency==
'''[[Palakkad]]''' is a [[Lok Sabha]] constituency in [[Kerala]].

===Assembly segments===
Palghat Lok Sabha constituency is composed of the following assembly segments:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf
|title = Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies
|accessdate = 2008-10-19
|work = Kerala
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090304011026/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf
|archivedate = 2009-03-04
}}</ref>
#[[Kongad (gram panchayat)|Kongad]]
#[[Mannarkkad#Politics|Mannarkkad]]
#[[Malampuzha#Politics|Malampuzha]]
#[[Palghat#Politics|Palghat]]
#[[Ottapalam]]
#[[Shoranur]]
#[[Pattambi]]

===Members of Parliament===
*1957: [[P. Kunhan]], [[Communist Party of India]]
*1962: [[P. Kunhan]], [[Communist Party of India]]
*1967: [[E.K. Nayanar]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
*1971: [[A.K. Gopalan]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
*1977: [[A. Sunnasahib]], [[Indian National Congress]]
*1980: [[V.S. Vijayaraghavan]], [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
*1984: [[V.S. Vijayaraghavan]], [[Indian National Congress]]
*1989: [[Vijayaraghavan Alampadan]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
*1991: [[V.S. Vijayaraghavan]], [[Indian National Congress]]
*1996: [[N.N. Krishnadas]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
*1998: [[N.N. Krishnadas]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
*1999: [[N.N. Krishnadas]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
*2004: [[N.N. Krishnadas]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
*2009: [[M B Rajesh]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
*2014: [[M B Rajesh]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
*2019: [[V.K.Sreekantan]], [[Indian National Congress]]

===Indian general election results===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general election]] : [[Palakkad]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = V.K.SREEKANDAN
|votes = 3,99,274
|percentage = 38.83%

}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate =[[M B Rajesh]]
|votes = 3,87,637
|percentage = 37.70%

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Krishnakumar C]]
|votes = 2,18,556
|percentage = 21.26%

}}

{{Election box candidate no party link no change|
|party = Others
|candidate = 6 candidates
|votes = 16,118
|percentage = 1.56%

}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above|NOTA]]
|votes = 6665
|percentage = 0.65%

}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 11,637

}}

{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Alathur Parliament Constituency==
'''Alathur Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 20 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies in [[Kerala]] state in southern [[India]]. This constituency came into existence in 2008, following the implementation of [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] of parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendations of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]] constituted in 2002.

===Assembly segments===
Alathur Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following seven legislative assembly segments:
# Tarur
# Chittur
# Nemmara
# Alathur
# Chelakkara
# Kunnamkulam
# Wadakkanchery
Tarur, Chittur, Nemmara and Alathur segments are in Palakkad district and Chelakkara, Kunnamkulam and Wadakkancherry segments are in Thrissur district. Chelakkara, Wadakkancherry and Kunnamkulam segments were earlier in the erstwhile Ottapalam Lok Sabha constituency.<ref name="h1">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/03/13/stories/2009031355550300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107093221/http://www.hindu.com/2009/03/13/stories/2009031355550300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 November 2012|title=Nemmara has highest electorate in Alathur constituency |date=13 March 2009|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=31 December 2009}}</ref>

===Members of Parliament===
*2009: P.K Biju, [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
*2014: P.K Biju, [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
*2019: Ramya Haridas [[Indian National Congress]]

===Indian general election, 2019===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general election]] : [[Alathur]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[RAMYA HARIDAS]]
|votes = 5,33,815
|percentage = 52.4%
|change = 12.07%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = P K BIJU
|votes = 3,74,847
|percentage = 36.8%
|change = -7.54%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharath Dharma Jana Sena
|candidate = T.V.BABU
|votes = 89,837
|percentage = 8.82%
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = NOTA & OTHERS
|votes = 20,244
|percentage = 1.98%
|change = ---
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,58,968
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,19,376
|percentage = 80.47%
|change =
}}

{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}

{{Election box end}}

==Villages==


*[[Athicode]]

==See also==
* [[Palakkad district]]
* [[Thrissur district]]
* [[Ottapalam (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Indian general election, 2014 (Kerala)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Kerala}}

[[Category:Politics of Palakkad district]]

Akshat Chopra

2026-02-24T11:39:02Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): improved article

{{short description|Indian film actor, model, and dancer|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{unreliable sources|date=October 2016}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Akshat Chopra
| image =
| caption =
| yearsactive =
| occupation = Film actor, Model and Dancer
| website =
}}

'''Akshat Chopra''' is an Indian [[film actor]], [[Model (person)|model]], and dancer,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.hindustantimes.com/publications/HT/HD/2011/10/11/articlehtmls/Early-name-fame-11102011751003.shtml|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125141523/http://epaper.hindustantimes.com/publications/HT/HD/2011/10/11/articlehtmls/Early-name-fame-11102011751003.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-25|title=Hindustan Times e-Paper|work=hindustantimes.com}}</ref> who was one of 36 children awarded the National Child Award in 2007 for exceptional achievement in their fields.<ref name="akshat3">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=32655|title=Press Information Bureau|work=pib.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/239576.cms|title=Rare feat - Times of India|work=indiatimes.com|date=18 October 2003 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://headlinesindia.mapsofindia.com/lifestyle/entertainment/celebritycorner/i-compete-with-myself-akshat-chopra.html |title=I compete with myself: Akshat Chopra |publisher=headlinesindia.mapsofindia.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503091544/http://headlinesindia.mapsofindia.com/lifestyle/entertainment/celebritycorner/i-compete-with-myself-akshat-chopra.html |archive-date=3 May 2012 }}</ref> Presently, he is an elected member of the executive committee of the [[Public Relations Society of India]], Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/dr-paul-is-vice-chairman-of-executive-council-of-prsi-delhi-chapter/h-4/|title=New Executive Committee of PRSI Delhi Chapter (L-R) Akshat Chopra, Sarvesh Tiwari, Dr. H S Paul, Naresh Kumar, S S Rao, J P Sharma, Tanvi Singhal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/business/prsis-delhi-chapter-gets-new-executive-committee/1471426|title=PRSI's Delhi Chapter gets new executive committee}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.psuconnect.in/news/new-executive-committee-of-prsi-delhi-chapter-elected/17528|title=New Executive Committee of PRSI Delhi Chapter Elected}}</ref>

== Career ==
Akshat Chopra, made his acting debut as a child artist in the 2005 BBC documentary film ''One Night in Bhopal''.<ref name="akshat11">{{cite web |url=http://voyager.uvm.edu/bibs/bid1541525.html |title=Archived copy |website=voyager.uvm.edu |access-date=26 January 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121215061649/http://voyager.uvm.edu/bibs/bid1541525.html |archive-date=15 December 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He then played a role of Vashisht Walia in 2008 film ''[[Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic]]'',<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Thoda-Pyaar-Thoda-Magic/movie-review/3173282.cms|title=Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India|work=indiatimes.com}}</ref> and also dubbed the voice of Saleem in ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]].''<ref name="akshat10">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Views/More-on-voice-artists/Article1-373256.aspx |title=More on voice artists |work=Hindustan Times|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112211944/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Views/More-on-voice-artists/Article1-373256.aspx |archive-date=12 November 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article2250070.ece|title=Not quite child's play|date=7 July 2007|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Movie
! Role
! Language
! Notes
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]''
| Salim (Dubbing)
| Hindi
| <ref name="akshat10" />
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic]]''
| Vashisht
| Hindi
|
|-
| 2005
| ''One Night in Bhopal'' ([[BBC]])
| As Akshit
| English
| <ref name="akshat11" />
|}

=== Short films ===
*Journey to Hope
*Bharosa
*Badte Kadam
*Jivancharya mein Sudhar layein

===Television===
*[[Galli Galli Sim Sim]]
*Jasoos Vijay (Doordarshan)
*Atmajaa
*Jang Lagi Talwar
*Dishayein
*Khel Khel mein Badlo Duniya
*Abhivyakti
*Yein Hawayein
*Kaka Nikki Time
*Rin Mera Star (Dance reality show)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiosargam.com/films/archives/170/kumar-sanu%E2%80%99s-son-allures-pooja-bhatt.html |title=STAR PLUS' popular show 'Rin Mera Star SUPERSTAR' has been receiving huge |publisher=radiosargam.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603020922/http://www.radiosargam.com/films/archives/170/kumar-sanu%E2%80%99s-son-allures-pooja-bhatt.html |archive-date=3 June 2008 }}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
Chopra was awarded the Kala Ratan and Bal Pratibha Samaan.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} He has also been honoured as a guest at the function held at Tihar Jail, and as chief guest at Zee TV's Suncity World School. Chopra also appeared in a show, ''Little Prince and Princess'', organised by Diyadeep NGO and made a special guest appearance at ''Beti Bhi Apni hai'' walkathon on World Population Day, organised by Smile Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://smilefoundationindia.org/walkathon.htm|title=Gulf For Good - Smile Foundation - Non-profit India - Non-profit London|work=smilefoundationindia.org}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=October 2016}} He is an ambassador of non-governmental organization Swashrit Society,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://swashritsociety.com/smart-kid.html|title=Swashrit Society - Non Governmental Organization (NGO)|work=swashritsociety.com}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=October 2016}} and has also been a part of Sahara India Pariwar's ''Ek Vote Kare Chot'' campaign.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! By
! Notes
|-
|2002
|Original Mind award
|Performing arts
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2002/09/23/stories/2002092306510400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104091746/http://www.hindu.com/2002/09/23/stories/2002092306510400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 November 2012|title=Award and applause for innovative children|first=Our Staff|last=Reporter|date=22 September 2002|page=04|work=[[The Hindu]]|via=The Hindu (old)}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-youngworld/article1444115.ece|title=Comfortable before the camera|date=1 July 2008|work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
|2007
|National Child Award
|Performing Arts
|Government of India
|<ref name="akshat3" />
|-
|2009
|Meri Dilli Award
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.meridilliawards.com/recipients.html |title=Recipients of Meri Dilli Awards|publisher=meridilliawards.com|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614034820/http://www.meridilliawards.com/recipients.html |archive-date=14 June 2013 }}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|id=3008537|name=Akshat Chopra}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chopra, Akshat}}
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Ram Shah

2026-02-21T15:56:32Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): added references

{{short description|King of Gorkha Kingdom from 1606 to 1636}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Monarch
|name = King Ram Shah राजा राम शाह
|image = File:King Ram Shah.jpg
|succession = King of [[Gorkha Kingdom]]
|predecessor = [[Chatra Shah]]
|successor = [[Dambar Shah]]
|house = [[Shah dynasty]]
|house-type = Dynasty
|father = [[Purna Shah]]
|mother =
|issue = [[Dambar Shah]]
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
|birth_date = 1550
|death_date = 1636
|reign = 1606–1636
|spouse =
|coronation = 1606
|birth_place = Nepal
|death_place = [[Prithbinarayan|Gorkha]], [[Gorkha Kingdom]], Nepal
}}{{About|the Gorkha king|the Nagvanshi king|Ram Shah (king)}}
'''Ram Shah''' ({{langx|ne|राम शाह}}; reign before 1606{{spnd}}1636) was a king of the [[Gorkha Kingdom]] (present-day [[Gorkha District]], Nepal). He was the son of Gorkha king [[Purna Shah]] and brother of [[Chatra Shah]]. He acceded to the throne {{Circa|1606}} after his brother's death. He expanded his kingdom as far as the [[Trishuli River]] to the east, the [[Marshyangdi]] to the west, the [[Rasuwa District|Rasuwa]] to the north, and the [[Mahabharat Range]] to the west.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}{{clarify|date=September 2024|reason=Two features both to the west, or is one of them to the south?}}

Shah was known as the "great conqueror" and "[[Conscientiousness|conscientious]]". He brought many changes to the Gorkha Kingdom, including fixed and uniform weights and measures, [[criminal code]]s, created a fixed rate of interest and built the Newar architecture palace [[Gorkha Palace]]. His statue is displayed at his Chautari where he used to administer justice to the people.

== Reign ==
When the first ruler of Gorkha [[Dravya Shah]]'s son [[Purna Shah]] acceded in the throne, he ruled for about thirty-five years.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=|title=The History of Ancient and Medieval Nepal|url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/rarebooks/downloads/History_Ancient_Medieval_Nepal.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730050415/http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/rarebooks/downloads/History_Ancient_Medieval_Nepal.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Himalaya}}</ref> Upon his death, his son [[Chatra Shah]] became the King and ruled the kingdom for about seven months until his death, as he did not have any children his brother Ram Shah acceded in the throne in c. 1606.<ref name=":0" /> Shah was described as "great conqueror" and "conscientious".<ref name=":0" /> He wanted to expand his kingdom which only consisted of [[Liglig]], [[Gorkha District|Gorkha]], [[Siranchowk Rural Municipality|Siranchok]] and Ajirgarh.<ref name=":0" />

[[Gorkha Kingdom|Gorkha]] was neighbours with small kingdoms ruled by the [[Gurung people|Gurungs]], [[Bhotiya|Bhotias]] and the [[Rajput]]s.<ref name=":0" /> Shah started to expand his army and created a friendship between the kings of [[Palpa District|Palpa]], [[Jumla District|Jumla]], and [[Lalitpur, Nepal|Lalitpur]].<ref name=":0" /> King Narsingh Malla of Lalitpur, sent 24 merchants to live in Gorkha.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Mahendra Man|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wRdBDwAAQBAJ&q=Ram+Shah+gorkha&pg=PT28|title=Forever Incomplete: The Story of Nepal|date=30 June 2013|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|isbn=978-81-321-1805-3|language=en|access-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730064210/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wRdBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT28&lpg=PT28&dq=Ram+Shah+gorkha&source=bl&ots=eokwQlpCdr&sig=ACfU3U1MAk_JIVhV-LgWlFWkG2wcSo1byg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwig29brrPTqAhWRaRUIHZQEB3M4ChDoATAGegQICxAB#v=onepage&q=Ram%20Shah%20gorkha&f=false|archive-date=30 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1620, [[Ngawang Namgyal]] signed a friendship treaty with Shah; which allowed 50 people from the kingdom to live in Bhutan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Human Rights Violations In Bhutan|url=https://humanrights.iowa.gov/sites/default/files/media/Human%20Rights%20Violation%20in%20%20Bhutan_final.docx.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730074323/https://humanrights.iowa.gov/sites/default/files/media/Human%20Rights%20Violation%20in%20%20Bhutan_final.docx.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Iowa Department of Human Rights}}</ref>

He began to colonise [[Barpak]], Shyartan, Atharsaya Khola, Ferung, [[Khari, Nepal|Khari]], Meghi Charage, Niwarchok, [[Dhading District|Dhading]]; his conquest led the size of the kingdom far as the [[Trishuli River]] (east), the [[Marshyangdi]] (west), the [[Rasuwa District|Rasuwa]], (north) and the [[Mahabharat Range]] (west).<ref name=":0" /> Fearing the rapid expansion of Gorkha, the [[Lamjung District|Lamjung]] kings invaded the kingdom; which was unsuccessful and led them to withdraw their troops beyond Marshyandi.<ref name=":0" /> During the expansion, Kaji [[Ganesh Pandey]] led the army against Ghale Raja of Sallayan, in which the Kaji died in the combat. Shah was furious and ordered the soldiers to go back "for running from the field of battle and ordered them to go back to redeem their hounour, which they finally did".<ref name=":1" /> Ghale Raja was defeated and killed by a sword.<ref name=":1" />

During his reign, there were not any "fixed and uniform weights and measures" which varied from location to location; in order to fix this, he brought standard weights and measures throughout the kingdom.<ref name=":0" /> Shah created a fixed rate of interest, money lenders were not able to charge more than 10% interest and if it was in the form of [[PIK loan]] not more than 25% interest.<ref name=":0" /> Though, if not paid within 10 years, the moneylenders were able to raise the amount double or triple if it was in PIK loan.<ref name=":0" />

He created an agreement "for grazing grounds for the cattle in each and every village" and those who claimed them would be "severely dealt with"; punishment also extended to the people who cut down trees near a road.<ref name=":0" /> Shah introduced many titles including [[Kaji (Nepal)|Kaji]], [[Sardar]], and Khardar.<ref name=":0" /> He introduced [[criminal code]]s; that created a saying around the kingdom "''Nyaya napaye Gorkha janu'' (translation: If you don't get justice, go to Gorkha)”.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Supreme Court Self-Strangulates (Itself and Loktantra)|url=https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2017/01/20/supreme-court-self-strangulates-itself-and-loktantra/|access-date=30 July 2020|website=SpotlightNepal|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=14 June 2001|title=Nepal's living link with history|language=en-GB|publisher=BBC|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1388481.stm|url-status=live|access-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123141713/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1388481.stm|archive-date=23 January 2020}}</ref> He would "dispense justice and display fairness".<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Shifting Conceptions Of Social (In)justice in Nepal|url=https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/47797/1/4_Satyal_Conceptions_of_social_in_justice_in_Nepal.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730060718/https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/47797/1/4_Satyal_Conceptions_of_social_in_justice_in_Nepal.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=UEA Digital Repository}}</ref> During his reign, the [[Gorkha Palace]], Newar architecture palace was built circa 1610;<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|title=Gorkha: A major destination to consider for a rich travel experience|url=https://kathmandupost.com/travel/2020/01/10/gorkha-a-major-destination-to-consider-for-a-rich-travel-experience|access-date=30 July 2020|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English}}</ref> it was destroyed by the [[April 2015 Nepal earthquake]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Four years since the earthquake, Gorkha Durbar still in ruins|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2019/04/21/four-years-since-the-earthquake-gorkha-durbar-still-in-ruins|access-date=30 July 2020|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730045210/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2019/04/21/four-years-since-the-earthquake-gorkha-durbar-still-in-ruins|archive-date=30 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sapkota|first=Narahari|title=Gorkha Durbar reconstruction slow|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/81513/|access-date=30 July 2020|website=My Republica|language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life and legacy ==
{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 300
| align = left
| image_style = border:none;
| title =
| direction =
| image1 = Statue of Ram Shah, Gorkha.jpg
| caption1 = Statue of Ram Shah in [[Gorkha Durbar]].
| image2 = Ram Shah.jpg
| caption2 = Nepali stamp featuring Shah {{c.}} 1969.
}}
The birth date of Ram Shah is unknown; he was the brother of [[Chatra Shah]].<ref name=":0" /> He was born to [[Purna Shah]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=|title=The Royal Edicts of King Rama Shah of Gorkha|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/227360/kailash_05_01_03.pdf?sequence=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730044310/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/227360/kailash_05_01_03.pdf?sequence=2|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Apollo – University of Cambridge Repository}}</ref> Ram Shah asked King of Bhutan to send Lamas "to perform [the] rite for the peace in his family and for the birth of a son".<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=|title=Historical Overview Of Gorkhas in Assam|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/250598/13/13_chapter3.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730070008/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/250598/13/13_chapter3.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Shodhganga}}</ref> They were successful; he had three sons including [[Dambar Shah]].<ref name=":4" /> He followed the religion Hinduism.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=From Peace Settlement to Political Settlement|url=https://www.berghof-foundation.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Publications/Other_Resources/IPS/IPSPaper-10-From-Peace-Settlement-to-Political-Settlement.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730075028/https://www.berghof-foundation.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Publications/Other_Resources/IPS/IPSPaper-10-From-Peace-Settlement-to-Political-Settlement.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|publisher=Berghof Foundation}}; {{Cite journal|last=Sen|first=Pawan|date=1 July 2015|title=Should Nepal be a Hindu State or a Secular State?|url=https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol35/iss1/11|journal=HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies|volume=35|issue=1|issn=2471-3716|access-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730075657/https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol35/iss1/11/|archive-date=30 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> It was believed that he ruled the kingdom for about 27 years until his death in 1633; however, newly discovered information indicated he was ruling in 1636.<ref name=":3" /> So it was concluded that ruled until 1636.<ref name=":3" /> Upon his death, his wife committed [[Sati (practice)|sati]] or "burn[ed] on the funeral pyre with her husband".<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Shifting States: Mobile Subjects, Markets, and Sovereignty in the India-Nepal Borderland, 1780–1930|url=https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/27504/Warner_washington_0250E_14083.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=n|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730080916/https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/27504/Warner_washington_0250E_14083.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=n|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|publisher=University of Washington}}</ref>

In Gorkha, there is a statue of Ram Shah in Ram Shah's Chautari, where he used to provide justice to the people.<ref name=":2" /> His criminal code was used by his successors, including the last king of Gorkha and the first king of Nepal [[Prithvi Narayan Shah]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shah|first=Bimal Pratap|title=Paradise lost|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/paradise-lost/|access-date=30 July 2020|website=My Republica|language=en}}</ref> It is said that wife of Ram Shah possessed the power of the [[Devi]], following the death of Queen, and before revolutionary [[Lakhan Thapa Magar]], another Saint 1st Lakhan Thapa Magar, who is also described as a spiritual guide for King Ram Shah and he also had a very close relationship with the Queen, who was also considered an incarnation of the Goddess Durga Bhawani, an incarnation of Parvati, in that place he Built a [[Manakamana Temple]] in Gorkha District and it is mandatory for a priest to be a [[Magars|Magar]], the Main Priest must be a descendant of Saint Lakhan Thapa Magar.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=|title=An introduction of Nepal|url=http://doinepal.gov.np/uploads/20191128133221.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730075953/http://doinepal.gov.np/uploads/20191128133221.pdf|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Department of Information & Broadcasting}}</ref> He was also noted for his justice system.<ref name=":5" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Chatra Shah]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=King of [[Gurkha|Gorkha]]|years=1606–1636}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Dambar Shah]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ram Shah}}

[[Category:1636 deaths]]
[[Category:Kings of Gorkha]]
[[Category:Shah dynasty]]
[[Category:People from Gorkha District]]
[[Category:17th-century Nepalese people]]
[[Category:Nepalese Hindus]]
[[Category:National heroes of Nepal]]
[[Category:17th-century monarchs]]
{{authority control}}

Peary Charan Sarkar

2026-02-13T09:25:13Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): put up new data w/ refs...

{{Short description|Arnold of the East}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Peary Charan Sarkar
| native_name =
| image = Pearycharan_Sarkar.jpg
| caption =
| other_names = Pyari Churn Sircar, Pyari Charan Sircar, Peary Churn Sircar
| birth_date = 23 January 1823
| birth_place = Chorbagan, [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[Company Raj]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1875|09|30|1823|01|23}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], British India
| occupation = Educationist, textbook Writer, school teacher
| spouse =
| organization = [[Barasat Peary Charan Sarkar Government High School]]
| children = [[Sailendra Sircar]]
| father = Bhairav Chandra Sarkar
| relatives = [[Nripendra Nath Sircar]] (grandson) [[Birendranath Sircar]] (Great Grandson) [[Brajendranath De]] [[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Great Nephew)
| alma_mater = [[Hare School]], [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Hindu College]]
| known_for = [[Female education]]
}}
'''Peary Charan Sarkar''' (1823–1875) was an [[educationist]], philanthropist and textbook writer in the nineteenth century [[Bengal]]. His series of Reading Books introduced a whole generation of Bengalis to the English language, sold in the millions and were translated into every major Indian language.<ref>{{Cite web |title=বাঙালিদের ইংরেজি শিক্ষার জন্য প্রথম টেক্সটবুক লেখেন প্যারীচরণ সরকার |url=https://www.bongodorshon.com/home/story_detail/paricharan-sarkar-s-first-book-was-the-first-step-in-teaching-english-to-bengalis-in-the-nineteenth-century |access-date=2025-12-29 |website=Bongodorshon {{!}} ইতিবাচক বাংলা}}</ref> He was also a pioneer of women's education in Bengal and was called '[[Matthew Arnold|Arnold]] of the East.<ref name= "Bose291">Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali (editors), (1976/1998), ''Sansad Bangali Charitabhidhan'' (Biographical dictionary) in Bengali, pp 291–292, {{ISBN|81-85626-65-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=THOUGHT OF THE DAY {{!}} Delhi Public Primary School, Jodhpur {{!}} DPPS Jodhpur {{!}} Primary School in Jodhpur Rajasthan |url=https://www.dpsjodhpur.co.in/notice_board/detail/58 |access-date=2025-12-29 |website=www.dpsjodhpur.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Nilmani |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/A_Bengal_Zamindar_Jaykrishna_Mukherjee_o/QGmAAAAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=A Bengal Zamindar, Jaykrishna Mukherjee of Uttarpara, and His Times, 1808-1888 |date=1975 |publisher=Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay |pages=337 |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and family==
Sarkar was born at Chorbagan in North [[Calcutta]]. His family hailed from Taragram in [[Hooghly district]] of [[West Bengal]], and the family name was originally Das. For services rendered, the [[Nawab of Bengal]] had awarded the title 'Sarkar' to [[Bireshwar Das]], an ancestor. Bhairav Chandra Sarkar, Pyari Charan's father, had become quite wealthy as a ship chandler serving the East India Company, and the family was a fairly good example of the new [[bhadralok]] class. Sarkar was and educated at [[David Hare (philanthropist)|David Hare's]] Pataldanga School,<ref name= "Bose291"/> and admitted to [[Presidency College, Kolkata|Hindu College]], but shortly afterwards his father and then one of his brothers died. His eldest brother was working in Hooghly and could only send money to their mother; as a Hindu widow she had little standing in the family and was ejected from the family home, along with Sircar and his younger brothers and sisters.

Sarkar was forced to leave college and take up a job in 1843 as a teacher at the [[Hooghly School]]. In the same year (1843) his essay 'On the Effect upon India of the New Communication with Europe by Means of Steam' appeared in the Department of Public Instruction's Report on Education. Sarkar became headmaster of [[Barasat School]] (later named [[Barasat Peary Charan Sarkar Government High School]] in his honour), in 1846, and occupied the post till 1854.{{citation needed|date= December 2022}}

==The Barasat Girls' School==

At Barasat, two brothers, [[Nabin Krishna Mitra]] and [[Kalikrishna Mitra]], offered in 1847 to fund Bengal's first private school for girls if Sarkar would agree to help set it up.<ref name= "Bose291"/> The school (later renamed [[Kalikrishna Girls' High School]]) began operations, but Barasat was an extremely conservative Brahmin-majority area and the residents were outraged. Swapan Basu, in his biography of Sircar, alleges that rumours circulated that several landlords were offering money to have Sircar assassinated (p. 24). At this juncture [[John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune]] stepped in to help. He exhorted the financiers not to give up, and with time the opposition weakened. Bethune visited the Barasat school in 1848, and was so impressed that in 1849 he set up the [[Bethune School]] for Girls in Calcutta.<ref>Bagal, Jogesh C., ''History of The Bethune School and College'' in the ''Bethune School and College Centenary Volume, 1849–1949. ''</ref> Sircar continued to be active in campaigning for women's education, helping to set up several more such schools, including a technical and an agricultural school.<ref name= "Bose291"/> In 1854, with a stipend of two hundred rupees, he was appointed headmaster of the [[Colootollah School]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Yesterdate: This day from Kolkata’s past, January 1, 1846 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/kolkata/yesterdate-this-day-from-kolkatas-past-january-1-1846/cid/2074620 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250523085931/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/kolkata/yesterdate-this-day-from-kolkatas-past-january-1-1846/cid/2074620 |archive-date=2025-05-23 |access-date=2025-12-31 |language=en}}</ref> and was responsible for changing its name to [[Hare School]].{{citation needed|date= December 2022}}

==Presidency College==
In 1863 Sarkar was appointed as a temporary lecturer at [[Presidency College, Kolkata]], and in 1867 he was made permanent. There was some opposition to this as he had never completed his education, but in those days this was not so unusual as it later was to become, and Sircar's abilities were plainly evident to the authorities.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Śāstrī |first=Śibanātha |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Ramtanu_Lahiri_Brahman_and_Reformer/mnS-KQgZg38C?hl=en |title=Ramtanu Lahiri, Brahman and Reformer: A History of the Renaissance in Bengal, from the Bengali of Pandit Sivanáth Sástri, M.A. |date=1907 |publisher=S. Sonnenschein & Company limited |pages=14 |language=en}}</ref>

He continued his campaigning for women's rights, donating two and a half thousand rupees (then a huge sum of money) to the [[Widow remarriage]] Fund in 1869. In 1873, he became a member of the working committee of [[Keshub Chunder Sen]]'s [[Society for the Suppression of Vice in Indian Society]]. He was also associated with the [[Bengal Temperance Society]]. Keshab Chandra Sen later took up his work on temperance in [[Indian Reform Association]].<ref>Sastri, Sivanath, ''History of the Brahmo Samaj'', p. 155</ref>

Even after he was appointed as Professor at Presidency College,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deb |first=Binaya Krishna |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Early_History_and_Growth_of_Calcutta/nNQBAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The Early History and Growth of Calcutta |date=1905 |publisher=Romesh Chandra Ghose |pages=235 |language=en}}</ref> he used to visit Colootollah school and take a few classes whenever he could. He was a very meticulous teacher and always corrected his students' work minutely. He also insisted that they learn practical skills as well, and used to teach them gardening. In 1875, while working in his garden, he cut his finger. The wound turned gangrenous and an operation failed to save his life. He died on 1 October 1875.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lokare |first=Priya |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_History_of_Women_Education_in_India/095kEAAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=The History of Women Education in India |date=2022-03-18 |publisher=Book Saga Publications |pages=23 |language=en}}</ref>

==The Reading Books==
The ''First Book of Reading for Native Children'' was published in 1850, probably by the School Book Press, and the rest of the Reading Books (numbers two to six) came out between 1851 and 1870, not necessarily in sequence.<ref name= "Bose291"/> In 1875 Sarkar's friend and colleague at Presidency College, E. R. Lethbridge, proposed a revision of the books and began negotiations with [[Thacker and Spink]] of Calcutta to republish them. However, at around this time Lethbridge was contacted by [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]] and Company and (rather unethically) he gave the books to them. Thacker had already printed a few copies and when this was discovered Macmillan had to buy them up and soothe Thacker's ruffled feelings.<ref>Rimi B. Chatterjee, 'A History of the Trade to South Asia of Macmillan & Co. and Oxford University Press, 1875–1900', unpublished D.Phil. dissertation, University of Oxford, 1997.</ref>
[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]] were looking for a ready made series with which to launch their Indian publishing business.{{citation needed|date= December 2022}}

==Other achievements==

Sarkar played a significant role in the [[Bengal Renaissance]]. Apart from his role in initiating women's education and impressing upon people to send their daughters to school when Bethune school was opened, he played a pioneering role in the teaching of agriculture in a scientific manner. He set up a vocational training centre for the children of women workers and was instrumental in opening many new schools.<ref name= "Bose291"/> He was one of the patrons of [[Hindu Mela]].<ref>Sastri, Sivanath, ''Ramtanu Lahiri O Tatkalin Banga Samaj'', page 151.</ref>

He took charge of editing the government newspaper ''Education Gazette'' in 1866, but resigned from that position when he was not allowed to publish certain news. He took a leading part to promote prohibition and was one of the founders of [[Eden Hindu Hostel]] which is located on the street names after Sarkar- [[Peary Charan Sarkar Street]]<ref name= "Bose291"/>

He published two newspapers named ''Well Wisher'' and ''Hitasadhak''.<ref name= "Bose291"/>

==Sources==
*''Sangsad Bangla Charitrabhidhan'' (The Sangsad Dictionary of Biography) (Calcutta: Sahitya Sangsad, 1998) (Bengali language source).
*Swapan Basu, ''Pyari Charan Sarkar'', (Calcutta: Bangla Sahitya Akademi, 2001) (Bengali language source).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarkar, Peary Charan}}
[[Category:1823 births]]
[[Category:1875 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Bengali educators]]
[[Category:People from the Bengal Presidency]]
[[Category:Hare School alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Presidency University, Kolkata]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]
[[Category:Writers from British India]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:People from Hooghly district]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Educators from British India]]

Sara Gurpal

2026-02-11T07:09:44Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): Added stub!

{{Short description|Indian actress and model}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sara Gurpal (Rachna Devi)
| image =
| alt =
| caption = Sara Gurpal
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Haryana, India]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = {{hlist
| Actress
| Model
| Singer
}}
| years_active = 2012–present
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}

'''Sara Gurpal''' is an Indian actress and [[Model (person)|model]] who predominantly works in [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi]] films.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-03 |title=Meet Bigg Boss Season 14 contestant Sara Gurpal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-14-contestant-sara-gurpal-photos-videos-6681873/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss 14 contestant Sara Gurpal: All you need to know about the Punjabi kudi |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-14-contestant-sara-gurpal-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-punjabi-kudi/articleshow/78464822.cms |access-date=2023-03-19 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nijher |first=Jaspreet |title=I can't do TV shows because I need time to do several things: Sara Gurpal |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-cant-do-tv-shows-because-i-need-time-to-do-several-things-sara-gurpal/articleshow/95746731.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-03-19 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She is best known for her films like [[Manje Bistre]], [[Shava Ni Girdhari Lal]] and Danger Doctor Jelly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-04 |title=Bigg Boss Season 14 Contestant Sara Gurpal: All you need to know about the Punjabi actress-singer |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-14-contestant-sara-gurpal-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-punjabi-actresssinger-10017617 |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Shava Ni Girdhari Lal review: A snooze fest by Gippy Grewal that is adapted from Raj Kapoor's classic Mera Naam Joker |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/shava-ni-girdhari-lal-review-a-snooze-fest-by-gippy-grewal-that-is-adapted-from-raj-kapoors-classic-mera-naam-joker |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> She participated in the reality show [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 14)|''Bigg Boss 14'']]. She was nominated for Best Actor in Supporting Role in [[Filmfare Awards Punjabi|Filmfare Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sara Gurpal – Best Actor in Supporting Role Female Nominee {{!}} Filmfare Awards |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-punjabi-2018/nominations/best-supporting-actor-female/sara-gurpal-manje-bistre |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Sara is from [[Haryana]], India. She has done fashion designing from [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Early Life |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-14-contestant-sara-gurpal-a-look-at-lesser-known-facts-of-this-punjabi-kudi/photostory/78551417.cms?picid=78551432 |access-date=2023-03-19 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Gurpal started her career as a model in 2013 with the song Jean by [[Ranjit Bawa]]. She has been featured as a lead model in various music videos but her top collaborations are Me and my Girlfriend with [[Sidhu Moose Wala]], Gunday No. 1 with [[Dilpreet Dhillon]], Ehna Chauni with [[Jassie Gill]], Jaguar with [[Bohemia (rapper)|Bohemia]], Vailpuna by [[Gippy Grewal]] and Dil with [[Ninja (singer)|Ninja]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2021-06-08 |title=Me and My Girlfriend: Sidhu Moose Wala's new song is about his love affair with a rifle |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/sidhu-moose-wala-sara-gurpal-me-and-my-girlfriend-song-7349120/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Entertainment News Today April 15, 2020: Ehna Chauni Aa Song Out: Jassie Gill Drops New Track Shot on Phone in 6 Hours, Sets All Lovers Longing For Their Partners {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/entertainment-news-today-april-15-2020-ehna-chauni-aa-song-out-jassie-gill-drops-new-track-shot-on-phone-in-6-hours-sets-all-lovers-longing-for-their-partners-4000364/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |title=Valentine's Special: Watch Popular Punjabi Song Music Video – 'Dil' Sung By Ninja Featuring Sara Gurpal |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/valentines-special-watch-popular-punjabi-song-music-video-dil-sung-by-ninja-featuring-sara-gurpal/videoshow/80764710.cms |access-date=2023-03-19 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In 2012, she won the Miss Chandigarh title.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pics From Ex-Bigg Boss 14 Contestant Sara Gurpal's Birthday Celebrations Are Lit |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/pics-from-ex-bigg-boss-14-contestant-sara-gurpals-birthday-celebrations-are-lit-2327425 |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

She made her acting debut with the film [[Manje Bistre]] in 2017.
In the same year she acted in the film Danger Doctor Jelly.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dangar Doctor Jelly- Movie Review |url=http://www.ghaintpunjab.com/Review/Movie/2101/Dangar%20Doctor%20Jelly |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=Ghaint Punjab |archive-date=2023-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402150840/https://www.ghaintpunjab.com/Review/Movie/2101/Dangar%20Doctor%20Jelly |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2019 she played as a lead in the film Gurmukh – The Eyewitness.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gurmukh The Eyewitness: Kuljinder Sidhu And Sara Gurpal Starrer Gets A Release Date {{!}} SpotboyE |url=https://www.spotboye.com/pollywood/pollywood-news/gurmukh-the-eyewitness-kuljinder-sidhu-and-sara-gurpal-starrer-gets-a-release-date/5d790f2adef098574f7b2273 |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=www.spotboye.com |language=en}}</ref> In 2020, Gurpal entered the [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 14)|''Bigg Boss Season 14'']] house as a contestant.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-13 |title=Sara Gurpal gets eliminated from Bigg Boss Season 14 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/sara-gurpal-gets-eliminated-from-bigg-boss-14-6722253/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She acted in [[Shava Ni Girdhari Lal]] in 2021 and in [[Yaar Mera Titliaan Warga]] in 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shava Ni Girdhari Lal Movie Review : Gippy Grewal's most ambitious film exemplifies love as it should be- sweet and simple |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/shava-ni-girdhari-lal-film-review/movie-review/88338693.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-04-02 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-07 |title=Yaar Mera Titliaan Warga: Gippy Grewal, Tanu Grewal's most-awaited film's trailer to release on... |url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/yaar-mera-titliaan-warga-gippy-grewal-tanu-grewals-most-awaited-films-trailer-to-release-on |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=PTC Punjabi |language=en}}</ref> She played the key role in the film Ghoda Dhai Kadam in 2023.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2023-01-26 |title=The knight rises: 'Ghoda Dhai Kadam' promises suspenseful drama |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/ghoda-dhai-kadam-8405152/ |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Sara made her singing debut with the song Slow Motion.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2017-12-11 |title=SARA GURPAL STUNS WITH HER KILLER LOOKS IN SONG 'SLOW MOTION' |url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/sara-gurpal-stuns-with-her-killer-looks-in-song-slow-motion |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=PTC Punjabi |language=en}}</ref> She also sung songs like Lagdi Att and Ki Main Kalli Aa.<ref name=":7">{{Citation |title=Lagdi Att – Sara Gurpal Ft. Harshit Tomar {{!}} Music JSL Singh {{!}} Latest Punjabi Song 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xh7aPuT1uHw |access-date=2023-04-02 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Citation |title=Ki Mai Kalli Aa : Sara Gurpal {{!}} Dilpreet Dhillon {{!}} Meenakshi Choudhary {{!}} New Punjabi Song |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C74sMLfrRY0 |access-date=2023-04-02 |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
===Films===
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role(s)
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
|''[[Manje Bistre]]''
|Bholi
|
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|''Dangar Docter Jelly''
|Naina
|
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2021
|''[[Shava Ni Girdhari Lal]]''
|Simran
|
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|''[[Yaar Mera Titliaan Warga]]''
|Simmo
|
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|''Hun Tan Bhog Hi Painge''
|Roop
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=शहर के छोरे ने बनाई पंजाबी फिल्म 'हुन तां भोग ही पैंगे' |url=https://www.jagran.com/haryana/faridabad-film-hun-ta-bhog-penge-19478267.html |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2023
|''Ghoda Dhai Kadam''
|Aman
|
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|''Mining – Rette Te Kabza''
|
| with [[Singga]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Singga: ਸਿੰਗਾ ਦੀ ਫਿਲਮ 'ਮਾਈਨਿੰਗ ਰੇਤੇ ਤੇ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ' ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੋਰ ਕਈ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ 'ਚ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ ਰਿਲੀਜ਼ |url=https://punjabi.abplive.com/web-stories/punajbi-singer-singga-s-film-mining-reyte-te-kabzaa-will-be-released-in-punjabi-along-with-many-other-languages-713770 |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=punjabi.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''Lambran Da Laana''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=PR |first=ANI |date=2024-01-03 |title="Lambran Da Laana" Trailer Sets the Stage for a Spooky Laughter Riot |url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/lambran-da-laana-trailer-sets-the-stage-for-a-spooky-laughter-riot/1909024/ |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''Gurmukh: The Eyewitness''
|Seerat
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gurmukh: The Eye Witness, starring Sara Gurpal, premieres |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/gurmukh-the-eye-witness-starring-sara-gurpal-premieres/ |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2020
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 14|Bigg Boss 14]]''
| rowspan="2" |Contestant
| 22nd Place
|-
|2025
|''[[Reality Ranis of the Jungle|Reality Ranis Of The Jungle 2]]''
|Runner-up
|}

===Music videos===
* Me and my Girlfriend by [[Sidhu Moose Wala]]<ref name=":4" />
*Gunday No. 1 by [[Dilpreet Dhillon]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Gunday No. 1 {{!}} Dilpreet Dhillon {{!}} Latest Punjabi Songs 2014 {{!}} Speed Records |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTNKl_Ifkqc |access-date=2023-04-18 |language=en}}</ref>
*Gunday Returns by [[Dilpreet Dhillon]]
*Rangle Dupatte by [[Dilpreet Dhillon]]
*Ehna Chauni by [[Jassie Gill]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jassie Gill's New Song 'Ehna Chauni Aa' Is A Romantic Melody {{!}} SpotboyE |url=https://www.spotboye.com/pollywood/pollywood-news/jassie-gill-s-new-song-ehna-chauni-aa-is-a-romantic-melody/5e96e6434718f56560e87ae0 |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=www.spotboye.com |language=en}}</ref>
*Viah by [[Jassie Gill]]
*Jaguar by [[Bohemia (rapper)|Bohemia]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-11 |title=Sara Gurpal Enacting On 'Mai Badhiya Tu Bhi Badiya' Is All About Wedding Dance |url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/sara-gurpal-enacting-mai-badhiya-tu-bhi-badiya-wedding-dance |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=PTC Punjabi |language=en}}</ref>
*Vailpuna by [[Gippy Grewal]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Turn up your speakers' volume for Gippy Grewal and Afsana Khan's 'Vailpuna' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/turn-up-your-speakers-volume-for-gippy-grewal-and-afsana-khans-vailpuna/articleshow/79363287.cms |access-date=2023-04-18 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
*Dil by [[Ninja (singer)|Ninja]]<ref name=":5" />
*Jaan by [[Happy Raikoti]]<ref>{{Citation |title=JAAN – Happy Raikoti ( Official Video ) – Sara Gurpal – New Punjabi Songs |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5qGCiVV8y4 |access-date=2023-04-18 |language=en}}</ref>
*Jhooth by [[Afsana Khan]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pratik Sehajpal: 'Jhooth' is all for those people nurturing a broken heart |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/pratik-sehajpal-jhooth-is-all-for-those-people-nurturing-a-broken-heart/articleshow/97093496.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-04-18 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
*Surma by Karan Randhawa<ref>{{Citation |title=Surma – Karan Randhawa (Full Video) Album Rambo {{!}} Michael {{!}} New Punjabi Songs 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXN2Tg5djho |access-date=2023-04-18 |language=en}}</ref>
*Jatt Te Jawani by [[Dilpreet Dhillon]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-17 |title=Karan Aujla, Dilpreet Dhillon and Desi Crew are coming together with something new. Know the full story here! |url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/karan-aujla-dilpreet-dhillon-and-desi-crew-are-coming-together-with-something-new-know-the-full-story-here |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=PTC Punjabi |language=en}}</ref>
*Sanawar by [[Dilpreet Dhillon]]
*Yaari by [[Maninder Buttar]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Maninder Buttar {{!}} Yaari (Official Song) Punjabi Superhit Songs {{!}} Maninder Buttar Songs |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fr_HG-9ilOU |access-date=2023-04-18 |language=en}}</ref>
*Prahune by [[Prem Dhillon]]<ref>{{Citation |title=PRAHUNE (Full Video) Prem Dhillon {{!}} Amrit Maan {{!}} Sara Gurpal {{!}} SanB {{!}} TejiSandhu {{!}} Sidhu Moose Wala |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxPtDhRiROI |access-date=2023-04-18 |language=en}}</ref>
*Munda Bhal Di by [[Sharry Mann]]<ref>{{Citation |title="Sharry Mann" Munda Bhal di (Official Song) Latest Punjabi Songs {{!}} T-Series Apnapunjab |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBlTNeuHOUs |access-date=2023-04-18 |language=en}}</ref>
*Jeen by [[Ranjit Bawa]]<ref name=":0" />
*Parahune by [[Prem Dhillon]] and [[Amrit Maan]]
*Beautiful by Akhil
*Tabaah by Gurnazar ft Khan Saab
*Kamla by [[Rajvir Jawanda]]
*Raat Gayi Baat Gayi by [[Happy Raikoti]] ft [[Afsana Khan]]
*Koi Hor by Dilnoor Ft. [[Afsana Khan|Afsana]] & [[B Praak]]
*Baazi Dil Di by Himmat Sandhu
*Bombshell by Karan Sehmbi
*Tere Pind by Resham Singh Anmol
*Dreams by Akaal
*Tutte Dil by Armaan Bedil ft Raashi Sood
*Rabba ve by Armaan Bedil Ft. Dhanshri Dev
*Jatt te Jawani by Armaan Bedil
*Angelina by Amber Vashisht
*Note Muqabla by Goldy Desi Crew
*Hoor Mitra di by Jigar
*Baarishein by Harsh
*Dabangg Jatt by Ranbir Grewal
*Jaane Meriye by Gavy Hundal
*Pranda by Simranjeet Singh
*Vibe by Preetinder
*Keh Do by Marshal Sehgal
*That's it by Vicky
*O Sanam by Akhil Sachdeva
*Horna nu by Pearl V Puri
*Oh Bhayia – Bhai Dooj by Swasti Mehul
*Shayar by Nirmaan
*Simple Suit by Amrit Singh

===Discography===
* Slow Motion<ref name=":6" />
*Lagdi Att<ref name=":7" />
*Ki Main Kalli Aa<ref name=":8" />
*Jutti
*Secret Yaari
*Desi Katta
*Kudiyan – 1 Min Music
*Nachne Nu Jee Krda
*Ride Featuring [[Dilpreet Dhillon]]
*Tu Chahida Featuring Arman Bedil
*Sandal Featuring Harshit Tomar
*Waliyan
*Hora nu
*Sexy
*Dil Tera
*Ok Bye

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gurpal, Sara}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Models from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Actors from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian female models]]

Narsinghgarh tehsil

2026-02-06T13:58:20Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): new - done

{{One source|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Narsinghgarh tehsil
|native_name =
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|settlement_type = [[Tehsil]]
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|pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India
|pushpin_label_position = right
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|pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|coordinates = {{coord|23.7|N|77.1|E|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes = 
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = Madhya Pradesh
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raisen district]]
|government_type = [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|Janpad Panchayat]]
|governing_body = [[Council]]

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| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]

| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30

|postal_code_type = Postal code (PIN)
|postal_code = 465669
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'''Narsinghgarh tehsil''' is a tehsil in [[Rajgarh district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. It is also a subdivision of the administrative and revenue division of bhopal district of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2022-08-10|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

==Demographics==

{{Empty section|date=November 2022}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Tehsils of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rajgarh district]]

{{Bhopal-geo-stub}}

Shakuni

2026-01-31T14:59:59Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): expanded information based on references and corrected details

{{short description|Antagonist in the Mahabharata}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox character
| image = Shakuni Yudhishthira.jpg
| caption = Shakuni (left) and Yudhishthira playing dice-game, relief at [[Lepakshi]]
| info-hdr = Information
| home = {{hlist|[[Gandhara Kingdom|Gandhara]]|}}
| spouse = Unnamed queen
| children = [[Uluka]] (elder son) Unnamed younger son
| gender = Male
| family = '''Parents''' {{ubl|[[Subala]] (father)}} '''Siblings''' {{bulleted list|[[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]] (sister)|Achala, Vrishaka, Gaja and other brothers<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tz2FHQcx_M8C&q=Achala|title=The Mahabharata: Volume 2|date=2015-06-01|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-81-8475-403-2|language=en}}</ref>}}
| relatives = {{bulleted list|[[Dhritarashtra]] (brother-in-law)|[[Duryodhana]], [[Dushasana]], [[Vikarna]] and 97 others nephews|[[Duhsala]] (niece)}}
}}'''Shakuni''' ({{langx|sa|शकुनि}}, {{IAST3|Śakuni}}, {{lit|bird}}) is one of the antagonists of the [[Hindu]] epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''. He was the prince of the kingdom of [[Gandhara]] when introduced, later becoming its king after the death of his father, [[Subala]]. He was the brother of [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]] and the maternal uncle of the [[Kauravas]].

Portrayed as crafty and devious, Shakuni supported his nephews, particularly the eldest, [[Duryodhana]], in plotting against their cousins{{mdash}}the [[Pandavas]]. It was Shakuni who played the game of dice against Yudhishthira, one of the seminal events in the epic. Using his skills of manipulation and foul play, he won the game twice, causing the exile of the Pandavas and the consolidation of the power of the Kauravas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mackenzie |first=Donald Alexander |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1vT3DwAAQBAJ&dq=shakuni+loaded+dice&pg=PA217 |title=Indian Myth and Legend |date=2020-08-15 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |isbn=978-3-7524-4315-8 |language=en}}</ref> During the [[Kurukshetra War]] between the Kauravas and the Pandavas, Shakuni was killed by the youngest Pandava, [[Sahadeva]].

==Etymology and epithets==
The Sanskrit word ''Śakuni'' means 'a large bird', often used for denoting a vulture. Other figures with the same name include a [[Nāga|serpent]], a [[rishi]], a son of King [[Ikshvaku]], and an [[asura]] son of [[Hiranyaksha]] who was the father of Vrikasura.<ref name = "Mani" />

Shakuni has been referred to by epithets in the ''Mahabharata''.<ref name="Gandhi">{{Cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Maneka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QZ94y_-jChMC&q=%C5%9Aakuni|title=The Penguin Book of Hindu Names for Boys|date=2004|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-303168-0|language=en}}</ref> Various patronymics include ''Saubala, Saubalaka, Saubaleya, Subalaja'' and ''Subalaputra''. Due to his origin from [[Gandhara]], Shakuni was also referred to as ''Gāndhārapati, Gāndhārarāja, Gāndhārarājaputra, Gāndhārarājasuta''. ''Parvatīya'' ('he who is from the mountains') and ''Kitava'' ('gambler') are also prominent epithets of Shakuni.<ref name = "Mani"/><ref name = "Gandhi" />
==Biography==
===Early life and family===
According to the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', Shakuni was an incarnation of the entity named Dvapara, who presides over [[Dvapara Yuga]], the third age in the Hindu cycle of time. He was born as a result of fury of the gods, born to destroy righteousness.<ref name="Mani" />

Shakuni was the son of Subala, the king of [[Gandhara Kingdom|Gandhara]] (in modern day [[Pakistan]]). Shakuni had a sister named [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]], and many brothers among whom Achala and Vrishaka were the most prominent.<ref name="Mani">{{Cite book|last=Mani|first=Vettam|url=https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/670/mode/1up|title=Puranic encyclopaedia : a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature|date=1975|publisher=Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass|others=Robarts - University of Toronto|page=670|isbn=9780842608220 |author-link=Vettam Mani}}</ref><ref name="Tanni">{{Cite book|last=Moitra|first=Tanni|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MiBBDwAAQBAJ&dq=%C5%9Bakuni+acala+g%C4%81ndhara&pg=PT162|title=Buddhism and Gandhara: An Archaeology of Museum Collections|date=2017-12-01|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-25274-4|editor-last=Ray|editor-first=Himanshu Prabha|language=en|chapter=Region through texts: representation of Gandhāra in the Mahābhārata}}</ref> [[Uluka]] was his son and he served as a messenger during the [[Kurukshetra War]].<ref>Mani 1975, p. [https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/805/mode/1up 805]</ref> The epic's ''[[Ashvamedhika Parva]]'' mentions another son of Shakuni who survives the battle of Kurukshetra and becomes the king of Gandhara. During Arjuna's military expedition for [[Ashvamedha]], he fights and loses to Arjuna, before being saved from death by Shakuni's widowed queen.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Brodbeck |first=Simon Pearse |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wapBDgAAQBAJ&dq=M%C4%81dr%C4%AB&pg=PT163 |title=The Mahabharata Patriline: Gender, Culture, and the Royal Hereditary |date=2017-03-02 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-88630-7 |language=en|page=206}}</ref><ref name="Tanni" />

The ''[[Adi Parva]]'' of the ''Mahabharata'' says that [[Bhishma]], then the guardian of the Kuru kingdom, went to Gandhara to arrange the marriage of its princess, Gandhari, to [[Dhritarashtra]], the elder son of Vichitravirya, who was blind by birth. Subala was initially reluctant due to Dhritarashtra's blindness, but later agreed after considering the high reputation of the Kuru royal family.<ref name = "Subala">Mani 1975, [https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/745/mode/1up 745]</ref> Shakuni accompanied his sister to [[Hastinapura]], the capital of the Kurus. After the marriage, Shakuni returned to Gandhara.<ref name = "Mani" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section CX|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01111.htm|access-date=2020-09-01|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

===Influence on Kuru===
Shakuni often visited Hastinapura and stayed there to look after his sister, who blindfolded herself out of devotion for her blind husband, and her children, the [[Kauravas]].<ref name="Yuganta">{{Cite book|last=Karve|first=Irawati|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uJz4ZWsRcsAC&q=Shakuni|title=Yuganta: The End of an Epoch|date=2006|publisher=Orient Longman|isbn=978-81-250-1424-9|language=en}}</ref> Similarly, [[Krishna]] (the maternal cousin of the [[Pandavas]]) helps the Pandava brothers throughout the epic. The family of [[Draupadi]] (the common wife of the Pandavas) also plays a major role in raising [[Upapandavas|her children]]. Based on such examples, scholars note the importance and influences of the maternal families in the shaping the narrative of the ''Mahabharata''.<ref name="Devdutt">{{Cite book |last=Pattanaik |first=Devdutt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzN2_fu0mIYC&q=jaya+an+illustrated+retelling+of+the+mahabharata+shakuni |title=Jaya: An Illustrated Retelling of the Mahabharata |date=2010 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-310425-4 |pages=141 |language=en}}</ref><ref name = "Yuganta" />

Shakuni had a close alliance with his eldest nephew, [[Duryodhana]] and desired him to become the next Emperor of the Kuru Clan. Throughout the epic, he helps Duryodhana in his evil plans to take the throne from the Pandavas.<ref name="Mani"/> Metaphorically, the ''Adi Parva'' calls Duryodhana as the 'tree of wrath', with Shakuni being called his 'branches'.<ref name="S2" /><ref name=":0" />

===The game of dice===
[[File:Draupadi disobedience in court of Kurus (cropped).jpg|thumb|An illustration depicting the dice-match between Shakuni (seated, in green) and Yudhishthira.]]
In the epic, Shakuni's most integral episode is during the gambling match between [[Duryodhana]] and [[Yudhishthira]] (the eldest Pandava brother). The event is one of the turning points in the epic, which leads to the [[Draupadi#Game of dice and humiliation|humiliation of Draupadi]] and the exile of the Pandavas.<ref name = "Mani"/><ref name = "Tanni" />

The ''[[Sabha Parva]]'' of the ''Mahabharata'' narrates the event. When a succession dispute between Duryodhana and Yudhishthira arises, Dhritarashtra divides the [[Kuru kingdom]] into two regions. The Pandavas found the city of [[Indraprastha]], which serves as the capital of their half of the ancestral domains. To achieve imperial status, Yudhishthira decides to perform the [[Rajasuya]] yajna and the royal families of different kingdoms are invited to the sacrifice. Shakuni, along with his father, brothers and nephews, also attends the event. After the yajna is completed, all the guests return to their kingdoms, but Shakuni and Duryodhana stay on and witness the wealth and prosperity of the Pandavas.<ref name = "Mani" />{{efn|The story continues with Duryodhana felling into a water pool at the palace and the Pandavas laughing at him. Humiliated by this, Duryodhana and his allies return to Hastinapur.}}

After returning to [[Hastinapur|Hastinapura]], Shakuni notices Duryodhana's distress over the Pandavas' growing fame and prosperity. He capitalizes on Duryodhana's jealousy and suggests organizing [[Pachisi|''Pasha'']]—a game of dice—to settle the matter between the Kauravas and the Pandavas. Shakuni, known as the Grandmaster of Dicing, proposes the idea of a duel between the two branches of the Kuru clan through a game of dice. Duryodhana supports this idea, and they plan to use Shakuni as Duryodhana's proxy in the game. Shakuni, along with Duryodhana, convinces Dhritarashtra to organize the game of dice. Despite objections from the wise counsellor [[Vidura]], Duryodhana threatens to commit suicide if his plan is not accepted. Dhritarashtra, shaken by his son's distress, reluctantly agrees to proceed with the game. Vidura again tries to stop the game, recognising the danger it poses. He appeals to Dhritarashtra to halt the proceedings, emphasising the unethical nature of the game and Shakuni's deceitful tactics. Shakuni assures to Dhritarashtra that he has observed Yudhisthira's poor skills in dice despite his passion for the game. He plans to exploit this weakness, knowing that Yudhisthira would be a vulnerable opponent in the upcoming match.<ref name = "S1" >{{Cite book |last1=Heesterman |first1=J. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EtwtSZwyWpgC&dq=%C5%9Bakuni&pg=PA357 |title=Ritual, State, and History in South Asia: Essays in Honour of J.C. Heesterman |last2=Hoek |first2=Albert W. Van den |last3=Kolff |first3=Dirk H. A. |last4=Oort |first4=M. S. |date=1992 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-09467-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref name = "S2" >{{Cite book |last1=Chakrabarti |first1=Arindam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6AXgCgAAQBAJ&dq=%C5%9Bakuni&pg=PA14 |title=Mahabharata Now: Narration, Aesthetics, Ethics |last2=Bandyopadhyay |first2=Sibaji |date=2017-09-19 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-34214-4 |language=en}}</ref>

Despite Vidura's warnings, Yudhishthira agrees to the proposed gambling match, and arrives in Hastinapura accompanied by his brothers and their wife, Draupadi. Shakuni, as Duryodhana's proxy, engages in a game of 20 throws with Yudhisthira. Each time, Yudhisthira loses, leading to the gradual loss of his wealth, servants, and even his brothers. Shakuni, unapologetic about using trickery, justifies his tactics as necessary for a worthy contestant. He dismisses Yudhisthira's plea to avoid crooked means and proceeds with the game, using his expertise in giving theft the appearance of skillful play. During the game, Shakuni's skill in presenting foul play as fair entertains Duryodhana and the Kaurava elders. Dhritarashtra, blinded by excitement, eagerly asks if Shakuni has won after each throw. Ultimately, Yudhisthira stakes himself and loses. Afterwards, he looses Draupadi resulting in her humiliation by Duryodhana and his allies.<ref name = "Mani" /><ref name = "S1" /><ref name = "S2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 2: Sabha Parva: Sisupala-badha Parva: Section LVIII |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m02/m02058.htm |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 2: Sabha Parva: Sisupala-badha Parva: Section LXIV |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m02/m02064.htm |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

Draupadi questions Yudhishthira’s accountability for staking her after losing himself in the game and manages to reclaim their possessions from Dhritarashtra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 2: Sabha Parva: Sisupala-badha Parva: Section LXX |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m02/m02070.htm |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref> Following the dice game, [[Sahadeva]], the youngest of the Pandavas, vowed to slay Shakuni in a fit of anger.<ref name = "Mani" /> After Pandavas return to their capital, Duryodhana, dissatisfied with the failure of his earlier plan, complains to Dhritarashtra and makes him immediately invite Yudhishthira for another round of the game. In this round, only one stake is stipulated with the losing side being exiled for thirteen years. With Shakuni's skills, Duryodhana wins again and the Pandavas are forced into exile.<ref name = "S2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 2: Sabha Parva: Sisupala-badha Parva: Section LXXV |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m02/m02075.htm |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

=== Shakuni after the Dice Game ===
Following the conclusion of the dice game, which resulted in the exile of the Pandavas, Shakuni continued to play an active role in the Kaurava court. His involvement during the period between the dice game and the outbreak of the Kurukshetra War is documented in several episodes in the ''Mahabharata''.<ref name="Mani" />

In ''[[Vana Parva]]'', at one point, Shakuni predicted that the Pandavas would not return after completing their period of exile and incognito living, as prescribed by the terms of the dice game. Later, while the Pandavas were residing in the Dvaita forest, Shakuni supported the idea of leading a [[Ghoshayatra Parva|royal procession]] to visit them. The procession, which included both Shakuni and Duryodhana, proceeded into the forest. During this encounter, Shakuni was wounded in a conflict with the [[Gandharva|Gandharvas]] and subsequently returned to Hastinapura.<ref name="Mani" />

On a later occasion, Shakuni advised Duryodhana to consider restoring the Pandavas' kingdom (''Vana Parva'', Chapter 251, Verse 1). This suggestion, however, did not result in any change in the Kaurava policy. However, Shakuni's counsel and tactics are cited as contributing factors in the failure of reconciliation between the Kauravas and Pandavas following the latter's return from exile.<ref name="Mani" />

===Kurukshetra War===
Shakuni, actively participated in the [[Kurukshetra War]] from the side of the Kauravas, where he showcased a mix of skill, trickery, and strategy. He advised Duryodhana at key moments of the war. On the first day of the war, Shakuni engaged in a duel with [[Prativindhya]] (''[[Bhishma Parva]]'', Chapter 45, Verse 63). As the war progressed, he had confrontation with [[Iravan]], who managed to slay five of Shakuni's brothers in the battle (''Bhishma'' ''Parva'', Chapter 90, Verse 25). Subsequently, Shakuni faced [[Yudhishthira]], [[Nakula]], and [[Sahadeva]], experiencing defeat at their hands (''Bhishma Parva'', Chapter 105, Verse 8).<ref name="Mani" />

His use of illusion tricks against [[Arjuna]] was met with resilience as Arjuna successfully countered them, forcing Shakuni to retreat from the battlefield (''[[Drona Parva]]'', Chapter 30, Verse 15). Shakuni also engaged in combat with [[Abhimanyu]], Nakula, Sahadeva, and [[Satyaki]]. Later, [[Bhima|Bhima's]] onslaught led to the demise of seven [[Maharathis|mahārathis]] and five brothers of Shakuni (''Drona Parva'', Chapter 157, Verse 22). As the war progressed into the [[Karna Parva]], Shakuni defeated [[Shrutasena]] but succumbed to the prowess of Satyaki and Bhima in subsequent battles (''Karna Parva'', Chapter 25, Verse 40; ''Karna Parva'', Chapter 61, Verse 48; ''Karna Parva'', Chapter 77, Verse 66). In the [[Shalya Parva]], Shakuni was wounded by the cavalry of the Pandavas (''Shalya Parva'', Chapter 23, Verse 41).<ref name = "Mani" />

=== Death ===
On the 18th day of the war, following the death of Kaurava commander-in-chief [[Shalya]], the [[Pandavas]] attacked Shakuni and his Gandhara army. According to the narrative, Shakuni remained composed, inspiring his army to fight fearlessly. He advanced against [[Sahadeva]], initiating the combat with considerable aggression. In response, Sahadeva launched a volley of swift arrows, compared in the text to a swarm of insects for their rapidity and density. Simultaneously, [[Uluka]], Shakuni’s son, engaged [[Bhima]] and struck him with a series of ten arrows, while Shakuni dealt Sahadeva a significant blow to the head with a lance, temporarily incapacitating him.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Narasimhan |first=Chakravarthi V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-P56leXRgAYC&dq=ul%C5%ABka+%C5%9Bakuni&pg=PA168 |title=The Mahābhārata: An English Version Based on Selected Verses |date=1999 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-1673-2 |language=en}}</ref>

Uluka then intensified his assault in an effort to defend his father, discharging seven arrows at Bhima and seventy at Sahadeva. Bhima retaliated by striking both Uluka and Shakuni with a flurry of arrows, including sixty-four directed at Shakuni. Sahadeva soon recovered and, with a well-aimed broad-headed arrow, decapitated Ulūka on the battlefield. Shakuni, witnessing the death of his son, was overcome with grief. Recalling the admonitions of [[Vidura]], he became enraged and launched a final, solitary attack against Sahadeva, wielding a lance adorned with gold. Sahadeva responded with a carefully aimed broad-headed arrows, forged of hard iron and tipped with golden wings. The arrow struck with precision, severing Shakuni’s head from his body. The Pandava army, joined by [[Krishna]], responded with audible celebration, blowing conches.<ref name="Mani" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Narasimhan |first=Chakravarthi V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-P56leXRgAYC&dq=ul%C5%ABka+%C5%9Bakuni&pg=PA168 |title=The Mahābhārata: An English Version Based on Selected Verses |date=1999 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-1673-2 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Aftermath ===
Following the conclusion of the Kurukshetra War, the ''[[Ashramavasika Parva]]'' records that the sage [[Vyasa]] summoned the souls of those who had perished during the conflict. Among those present was the soul of Shakuni.<ref name="Mani" />

Later, the ''[[Svargarohana Parva|Svargarohanika Parva]]'' notes that after his death, Shakuni's soul rejoined Dvapara.<ref name="Mani" />

==In derivative literature==
In subsequent literary works following the ''Mahabharata'' and in various narrative adaptations, Shakuni is depicted as a figure subjected to victimization, driven by a quest for vengeance against the Kurus. The [[Jain literature|Jain retellings]] narrate a legend asserting that astrologers predicted a short lifespan of Gandhari’s husband at her birth. To avert this fate, Subala and his sons ceremoniously married Gandhari to a goat before her marriage with Dhritarashtra, subsequently sacrificing the goat to nullify the foreseen misfortune. Bhishma, upon discovering this ritual, condemns Subala for allowing a supposed "widow" to enter his family and decides to punish Subala and his kin, leading to their imprisonment and severe rationing. The captives, recognizing Shakuni's intellect and vengeful potential, allocate their meager sustenance to him. Ultimately, Subala and his other sons succumb, while Shakuni survives and attains release. Alternatively, another account posits that Bhishma confined Shakuni's family due to their refusal to bestow Gandhari in marriage to the sightless Dhritarashtra, with Duryodhana sometimes replacing Bhishma in this role. The latter narrative is found in ''[[Odia literature|Odia]] Mahabharata'', a regional retelling of the epic.<ref name="Devdutt" />

In all these narratives, Shakuni solemnly vows retribution, plotting the gradual demise of Hastinapura. He accomplishes this by manipulating his impulsive nephew Duryodhana into provoking the war with the Pandavas, resulting in the downfall of the Kuru lineage. Some versions of the tale depict Shakuni fashioning dice from the bones of his deceased family members, ensuring their infallibility in a game, as Shakuni's father's soul allegedly influences the dice to yield the desired outcome.<ref name = "Devdutt" /><ref name="VP">{{Cite web|date=2017-01-07|title=Epics as Novels|url=https://devdutt.com/articles/epics-as-novels/|access-date=2021-07-06|website=Devdutt|language=en-US}}</ref> However, these narratives contradict the narrative attested in the ''Mahabharata''; Subala and his sons attended Yudhishthira’s [[Rajasuya yajna]], while Shakuni’s brothers fought in the great war at Kurukshetra and five of them were killed during the conflict.<ref name="Mani" /><ref name = "Subala" />

==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Mahābhārata}}
{{HinduMythology}}

[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Hinduism in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Board game players]]
[[Category:Gamblers]]
[[Category:Gandhara]]

Ashok Chakradhar

2025-12-31T07:37:29Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): enhanced layout for accuracy and added references for clarity

{{short description|Indian poet and writer (born 1951)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=July 2016}}
{{BLP sources|date=August 2016}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ashok Chakradhar
|image = Ashok Chakradhar in 11th WHC Mauritius 001.jpg
| caption = Ashok Chakradhar in 11th WHC, Mauritius 2018
| birth_name = Ashok Sharma
| birth_date = {{bda|df=y|8 February 1951}}
| birth_place = [[Khurja]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| yearsactive =
| known for = poetry and writing movie scripts
| spouse = Bageshri Chakradhar
| children = 2
| parents =
| father =
| mother =
| occupation = Poet, essayist, [[literary critic]], writer, director
| website = {{URL|chakradhar.in}}
| awards = {{unbulleted list | [[Padma Shri]] | [[Yash Bharti Award]]}}
}}

'''Ashok Chakradhar''' (born 8 February 1951) is an Indian author, poet and former head of the department of [[Hindi]] at [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] (Central University). After serving for 29 years, he took voluntary retirement to focus on working towards the propagation and development of the Hindi language. In 2007 he became the Hindi coordinator at the Institute of Life Long Learning (ILLL) at the [[University of Delhi]] and in 2009 was appointed as the vice-chairman of [[Hindi Academy]], [[Government of Delhi]] and as the vice-chairman of the Kendriya Hindi Shikshan Mandal, Ministry of HRD, [[Government of India]]. He is the son-in-law of [[Kaka Hathrasi]].

==Career==
Chakradhar is a retired professor of the Hindi Department at [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] University in Delhi. He has been actively associated with radio and television and has scripted a number of dramas, satires and poems for children. He has appeared in some television soaps, like "Chhoti Si Asha" with [[Sandhya Mridul]] on [[Sony TV]], and has hosted the show ''Wah Wah!!'' for [[SAB TV]]. He has also acted in various television serials.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://poetsofindia.in/ashok-chakradhar/|title=Ashok Chakradhar {{!}} Poets of India – Kavi Sammelan Organizers|work=Poets of India|access-date=8 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Taneja |first1=Richa |title=Know All About Hindi Satirist And Padma Shri Ashok Chakradhar |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/know-all-about-hindi-satirist-and-padma-shri-ashok-chakradhar-1810296 |access-date=2 February 2021 |work=NDTV |date=8 February 2018}}</ref>

He took voluntary retirement from Jamia Milia Islamia in 2004.

==Film script writing==
He wrote story of ''[[Jamuna Kinare]]'' (1984), a [[Braj Bhasha]]-language feature film<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pravasiduniya.com/dr-ashok-chakradhar-birthday|title=Welcome pravasiduniya.com - BlueHost.com|website=www.pravasiduniya.com|access-date=30 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613005330/http://www.pravasiduniya.com/dr-ashok-chakradhar-birthday|archive-date=13 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> which made by his father-in-law [[Kaka Hathrasi]]<ref>{{cite news |title='हिंदी पढ़नी होय तो जाओ बेटे रूस' |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/hathras-11628748.html |access-date=2 February 2021 |work=Dainik Jagran |date=14 September 2014 |language=hi}}</ref> under the banner of Kaka Hathrasi Films Production and produced, directed and music composed by his brother-in-law and Kaka Hathrasi's son Dr. Laxmi Narayan Garg.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.exoticindiaart.com/Books/Hindu |title=Hindu Books |access-date=30 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725193644/http://www.exoticindiaart.com/books/Hindu/ |archive-date=25 July 2009 }}</ref>

[[File:Ashok Chakradhar (41).jpg|thumb|Ashok Chakradhar working for Gulabri]]

Films : Written and Directed (a)Telefilms 'Gulaabri', 'Jeet Gee Chhanno', 'Master Deepchand', 'Hai Musaddi', 'Jhoome Baalaa Jhoome Baalee', 'Teen Nazaare', ‘Bitiya’ (b)Teleserials 'Bhor Tarang', 'Dhhaaee Aakhar', 'Buaa Bhateejee', 'Bol Basanto' (c)Documentaries 'Pangu Giri Langhe', 'Goraa Hat Jaa', 'Saaksharataa Niketan', 'Vikaas Kee Lakeeren', 'Har Bachchaa Ho Kakshaa Paanch', ‘Us Or Hai Chhateraa’. {{citation needed|date=September 2016}}

==Published works==

===Drama===
'Rang Jamaa Lo', 'Bitiyaa Kee Sisakee', 'Bandariyaa Chalee Sasuraal', ‘Jab Rahaa na koee Chaaraa’, ‘Jaane kyaa Tapake’.

===Children's literature===
'koel Kaa Sitaar', 'Snehaa Kaa Sapnaa', 'Heeron Kee Choree', 'Ek Bagiyaa Main'

===Adult educational literature===
'Naee Dagar', 'Apaahij Kaun', 'Hamane Muhim Chalaaee', 'Bhaee Bhaut Achchhe', 'Badal Jaayengee Rekhaa', 'Taaumra Kaa Aaraam', 'Gharhe Oopar Handiyaa' 'To Kyaa Hotaa Jee', 'Aise Hotee Hai Shaadee', 'Rotee Ye Dhartee Dekho', 'Kab Talak Sahtee Rahen', 'Apnaa Haq Apnee Zameen', 'Kahaanee Jo Aankhon Se Bahee', 'Aur Police Par Bhee', 'Mazdooree Kee Raah', 'Jugat Karo Jeene Kee', 'Aur Kitne Din', Novel Manautee

==In other media==
Chakradhar was a guest on 21 July 2019 episode of [[The Kapil Sharma Show]] along with [[Rahat Indori]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Farzeen |first1=Sana |title=The Kapil Sharma Show: A poetic night with Rahat Indori and Ashok Chakradhar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/the-kapil-sharma-show-preview-a-poetic-night-with-rahat-indori-and-ashok-chakradhar-5840231/ |access-date=23 July 2019 |work=The Indian Express |date=21 July 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Awards==
[[File:Ashok Chakradhar (48).jpg|thumb|President of India facilitating Ashok Chakradhar with Padma Shri]]
* 2014: [[Padma Shri]] by Government of India for (Scriptwriting)<ref>{{cite web | title =Padma Awards Announced |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs| url = http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=69364|date=25 January 2014|access-date = 26 January 2014}}</ref>
*2025: Gyan Prodyogiki Samman by [[Hindi Academy]] (Delhi) for year 2022-23<ref>{{cite web |last1=Academy |first1=Hindi |title=शलाका / साहित्यकार सम्मान |url=https://hindiacademy.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/hindiacademy/important-news/shalaka.pdf |website=Hindi Academy |access-date=2 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Mirror |first1=Hindustan |title=हिंदी अकादमी के पुरस्कारों की घोषणा |url=https://hindustanmiror.com/announcement-of-hindi-academy-awards/ |website=Hindustan Miror |publisher=Hindustan Miror |access-date=6 January 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050722080440/http://jmi.nic.in/FHum/ashok_hindi.htm Official Site at Jamia Millia Islamia]
* [http://chakradhar.in/ Personal website] (Hindi)
* [http://www.shabdankan.com/search/label/Ashok%20Chakradhar Various articles of Ashok Chakradhar at Shabdankan] (Hindi)
* [http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0 Poems of Ashok Chakradhar at Kavita Kosh] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130415044636/http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0 |date=15 April 2013 }} '''(Hindi)'''

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakradhar, Ashok}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language poets]]
[[Category:People from Bulandshahr district]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Jamia Millia Islamia]]
[[Category:Indian humorists]]
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Delhi University]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

Diocese of Salem

2025-12-09T14:06:37Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): Put Up First Info And Citations

{{Short description|Latin Catholic diocese in India}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Diocese
|name = Salem
|image = Infant Jesus Cathedral, Salem 1.jpg
|latin = Dioecesis Salemensis
|local = சேலம் மறைமாவட்டம்
|country = [[India]]
|metropolitan =
|province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore|Pondicherry and Cuddalore]]
|denomination = [[Catholic Church]]
|sui_iuris_church = [[Latin Church]]
|rite = [[Latin Church|Latin Rite]]
|cathedral = Cathedral of the Infant Jesus in [[Salem, Tamil Nadu]]
|cocathedral = St Mary’s Co-Cathedral, [[Shevapet]]
|area_km2 = 8,368
|population = 5,687,860
|population_as_of = 2010
|catholics = 88,576
|catholics_percent= 1.6
|parishes = 56
|patron = [[Child Jesus|Infant Jesus]]
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
|bishop = [[Arulselvam Rayappan]]
|metro_archbishop =
|coadjutor =
|vicar_general = Michael Raj Selvam
|auxiliary_bishops=
|emeritus_bishops = [[Sebastianappan Singaroyan]]
|website = [http://www.salemdiocese.org/ Website of the Diocese]
}}
The '''Diocese of Salem''' ({{langx|la| Salemen(sis)}}) is a [[Latin Church]] ecclesiastical jurisdiction or [[diocese]] of the [[Catholic Church]] in [[India]]. Its [[episcopal see]] is [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]. The Diocese of Salem is a [[suffragan]] in the [[ecclesiastical province]] of the [[Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)|metropolitan]] [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore|Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore]].

==History==
===Madura Mission===
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2023}}
The foundation of Madura mission had a tremendous effect on the social history of Salem. Robert de Nobili (1577–1656), an eminent and dedicated Jesuit was the first missionary who visited Salem to spread Christianity and founded Catholic Church there. He entered the Jesuit order in 1595 and came to India in 1604. He reached Madurai in 1606 when it was ruled by Tirumalai Nayak (1623-1659). Nobily adopted the mode of life of Hindu sanyasis in order to attract higher caste Hindus to Christianity by his adoptive method he converted many Hindu high caste into Christian faith. As a result of his novel way of conversion, Christianity was accepted in the southern parts of Tamil Nadu by low caste and high caste people. After founding a well-known Jesuit mission at Madurai in 1606 AD, he decided to spread the gospel in the neighbouring regions.

He established congregations wherever conversion took place in large numbers. In 1623, he toured through many parts of Tamil Country. During the course of the tour he visited Truchirapalli, Senthamangalam and Salem. In June 1623, he arrived at Senthamangalam, the capital of Ramachandra Nayak, the Vasal of Thirumala Nakak of Madurai. Nayak offered him a site to build a church and a presbytery but after consulting God in prayer, Robert de Nobili declined the offer.

At Salem, Nobili met Tirumangala Nayak, the elder brother of Ramachandra Nayak and also the dethroned ruler of Senthamangalam. Fr. Nobili followed Tirumangala, a small town in Dharampuri and baptized him there along with his family members on 25 December 1625.

On 31 July 1626, Nobili received the visit of a Saivist Pandaram and a man belonging to Valluvar caste. The latter one was impressed by De Nobili's Tamil book, ''Sign of True Religion'', and was himself baptized with the name "Mukthi Udayan" ("Blissful One"). His conversion had a tremendous impact on the evangelical service rendered by Fr. Nobili in Salem region. Very soon Maramangalam became an important Christian centre with 40 neophytes. As this centre was then well established he could leave for other places to continue to preach the gospel. So he invited Fr. Martins and put him in charge of Salem, Maramangalam and Senthamangalam which numbered between 100 and 150 Christians.

In 1627, he left for Tiruchirapalli. The little congregations he established grew from strength to strength. Due to the efforts of Fr. De Nobili and Fr. Antonio Vico, a church was built at Maramangalam in 1628 and another one at Salem. Subsequently, the Christian Mission centre was established in various places in Salem region Fr. Nobili established a mission centre in Dharamapuri. By 1665, there were a large number of Catholics at [[Kongupatty|Kongupatti]], Ilupuli, Anaikarapalayam, Omalur, Sankagiri, Anthiyur, Mathiyampatti and Ilanagar.

===Establishment of diocese===
On 26 May 1930 the Diocese of Salem was erected from the parts of Salem District and from the [[Diocese of Kumbakonam]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Mysore|Diocese of Mysore]] and [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore|Archdiocese of Pondicherry]].

==Cathedrals==
St. Mary's Co-Cathedral was consecrated in 1975 as 'The Pro Cathedral of Our Lady of Victories' by Bishop Michael Bosco Duraisamy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panoramio.com/photo/72182867|title = Panoramio is no longer available}}</ref> The parish of Arisipalayam was bifurcated from Shevapet in 1953 and was erected as St. Francis Xavier's parish. The chapel of St. Francis Xavier's Minor Seminary served as the parish church till 1991. The new Infant Jesus Cathedral was consecrated on 27 November 1991, and dedicated to Infant Jesus. This magnificent Cathedral was meticulously planned and carefully constructed with strenuous efforts by late Bishop Most Rev. Dr. Michael B. Duraisamy.

==Leadership==
* Bishop [[Henri-Aimé-Anatole Prunier]], [[M.E.P.]] (26 May 1930 – 20 November 1947; Resigned)
* Bishop [[Venmani S. Selvanather]] (3 March 1949 – 17 March 1973; promoted as Archbishop of Pondicherry and Cuddalore) (Clergy of Salem Diocese)
* Bishop [[Michael Bosco Duraisamy]] (28 February 1974 – 9 June 1999; Died in Office) (Clergy of Pondicherry Archdiocese)
* Bishop [[Sebastianappan Singaroyan]] (18 October 2000 – 9 March 2020; Resigned) (Clergy of Salem Diocese)
* Bishop Lawrence Pius Dorairaj, '''Apostolic Administrator of Salem''' (9 March 2020 - 4 August 2021) (Clergy of Madras-Mylapore and Bishop of Dharmapuri)
* Bishop [[Arulselvam Rayappan]] (4 August 2021 - Incumbent) (Clergy of Pondicherry Archdiocese)

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Infant Jesus Cathedral, Salem 2.jpg|Infant Jesus Cathedral
File:Infant Jesus Cathedral, Salem 3.jpg|Infant Jesus Cathedral
File:St. Mary's Co-Cathedral, Salem 1.jpg|St. Mary's Co-Cathedral
File:St. Mary's Co-Cathedral, Salem 2.jpg|St. Mary's Co-Cathedral
File:St. Mary's Co-Cathedral, Salem 3.jpg|St. Mary's Co-Cathedral
</gallery>

==References==

{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/sale2.htm GCatholic.org] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dslem.html Catholic Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
* [https://salemdiocese.org/ Diocese website ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004181014/http://www.salemdiocese.org/ |date=4 October 2011 }}

{{commons category}}
{{RC Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|11|39|48.599|N|78|9|43.238|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India|Salem]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1930]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century|Salem]]
[[Category:Christianity in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Salem, Tamil Nadu]]

Pratap Singh II of Alirajpur

2025-11-13T21:38:23Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): put up initial biography w/ infobox...

{{Short description|Ruler of Alirajpur from 1891 to 1941}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{infobox royalty
| name = Maharaja Sir Pratap Singh II
| title = [[Maharaja]]
| succession = [[Raja]] of [[Alirajpur State|Alirajpur]]
| reign = 1891 – 1941
| coronation = 1892
| predecessor = [[Bijai Singh of Alirajpur|Bijai Singh]]
| successor = [[Fateh Singh of Alirajpur|Fateh Singh]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1881|09|12|df=yes}}
| spouse = *Yadavji Raj Kunvarba of [[Kathiwara State]]
*Khichanji Dev Kunvarba of [[Chota Udaipur]] [[State (polity)|State]]
| issue = *[[Fateh Singh of Alirajpur|Fateh Singh]]
*Maharajkumariji Anand Kanwarji m.to Raja [[Kishore Chandra Mardraj Harichandan]] of [[Nilgiri State]]
| house = {{flagicon image|Drapeau_AliRajpur.png}} [[Alirajpur State|Alirajpur]]
| father = Rao Bhagwan Singh
| investiture = 1904
| dynasty = [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]]
}}

'''HH Maharaja Sir Pratap Singh II''' [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire|KCIE]] was the [[Raja|Rathore Rajput]] ruler of [[Alirajpur State]] in the southern most part of [[Malwa]] region from the year 1891 until his abdication in 1941.

== Birth ==
He was born on 12 September 1881 to Bhagwan Singh, Thakur of Sondwa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35875/ |title=Leading Famlies And Officials In The States Of Central India |date=1935 |pages=161–163}}</ref>

== Education ==
He was educated at [[Daly College]], [[Indore]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=The Imperial Publishing Co. |first=Lahore |url=https://archive.org/details/TwiK_his-imperial-majesty-king-george-5-and-the-princes-of-india-and-the-indian-empir/ |title=His Imperial Majesty King George 5 And The Princes Of India And The Indian Empire ( Historical Biographical) Compiled By K. R. Khosla, 1937, Lahore The Imperial Publishing Co., Lahore |pages=95,199}}</ref>

== Succession ==
When [[Bijai Singh of Alirajpur|Bijai Singh]] died on 16 August 1890, he left behind no heirs to succeed him.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Aitchison C. U. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.206802/ |title=A Collection Of Treaties, Engagements And Sanads Vol-iv Relating To Central India Agency |date=1933 |pages=162–163}}</ref> In 1891, Pratap was selected by the [[British government of India|Government of India]] to succeed his cousin.<ref name=":0" /> He was formally installed in March 1892.<ref name=":0" /> As he was a minor at the time, the State was managed by a kamdar under the supervision of the Political Agent until he came of age.<ref name=":0" /> He was granted full administrative powers in June 1904.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

== Personal life ==
He was a keen sportsman who won many trophies in [[polo]] and [[Shikar (hunting)|shikar]].<ref name=":1" />

=== Marriages ===
He married first in the year 1900 to the daughter of Thakore Saheb Bahadur Sinhji, of [[Kathiwara State]] , and secondly in 1902 to a granddaughter of Maharawal Jit Sinhji and daughter of Kumarji Chandra Sinhji younger brother of Maharawal Moti Sinhji of the neighbouring [[Chhota Udaipur State]].<ref name=":2" />

== Honours ==
During the [[Delhi Durbar]] of 1911, he was conferred the hereditary title of [[Raja]].<ref name=":1" /> He was created the [[Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]] on 3 June 1915 and made [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire|KCIE]] on 3 June 1933.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> In 1917, [[George V]] appointed him to the [[Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)|Order of Saint John]].<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:1881 births]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Daly College alumni]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

List of Telugu films of 2015

2025-11-01T05:23:16Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): General improvements and edits

{{Short description|Telugu movies in 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Tollywood films}}
This is a list of [[Telugu language]] films produced in the [[Telugu cinema|Tollywood]] in India that were released in the year 2015.

==Box office collection==
The top films released in 2015 by worldwide [[box office]] [[gross revenue]] are as follows:

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
|+Highest-grossing films of 2015
|-
!Rank !! Title !! Production company(s) !! Worldwide gross !! Ref.
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 1
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
| [[Arka Media Works]]
| {{INRConvert|650|c|year=2015}}
| <ref name=augfirst>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bahubali-2-baahubali-rights-snapped-up-by-netflix-for-rs-25-5-crore-the-conclusion-completes-100-days-in-theatres-3914757.html |title=Baahubali rights snapped up by Netflix for Rs 25.5 crore; The Conclusion completes 100 days in theatres |publisher=Firstpost.com |access-date=6 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212034544/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bahubali-2-baahubali-rights-snapped-up-by-netflix-for-rs-25-5-crore-the-conclusion-completes-100-days-in-theatres-3914757.html |archive-date=12 December 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 2
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Srimanthudu]]''
| [[Mythri Movie Makers]] [[G. Mahesh Babu Entertainment Pvt. Ltd]]
| {{INRConvert|200|c|year=2015}}
| <ref name="gross full run">{{cite news |date=19 December 2015 |title=Content triumphed over star power in southern filmdom (2015 in Retrospect) |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/content-triumphed-over-star-power-in-southern-filmdom-2015-in-retrospect-115121900185_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219095125/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/content-triumphed-over-star-power-in-southern-filmdom-2015-in-retrospect-115121900185_1.html |archive-date=19 December 2015 |access-date=19 December 2015 |work=Business Standard |agency=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mahesh Babu gifts swanky car to director Koratala Siva |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/mahesh-babu-gifts-swanky-car-to-director-koratala-siva-115092200256_1.html#goog_rewarded |website=www.business-standard.com |publisher=Business Standard |access-date=3 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 3
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[S/O Satyamurthy]]''
| [[Haarika & Hassine Creations]]
| {{INRConvert|90.5|c|year=2015}}
| <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Pudipeddi |first=Haricharan |date=July 1, 2015 |title=Content over star power: Story of south cinema in first half of 2015 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional/content-over-star-power-story-of-south-cinema-in-first-half-of-2015/article1-1364817.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711120039/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional/content-over-star-power-story-of-south-cinema-in-first-half-of-2015/article1-1364817.aspx |archive-date=July 11, 2015 |access-date=August 21, 2025 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 4
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Gopala Gopala (2015 film)|Gopala Gopala]]''
| North Star Entertainment, [[Suresh Productions]]
| {{INRConvert|88.1|c|year=2015}}
| <ref name="full run">{{cite web |last=V. P. |first=Nicy |date=18 February 2015 |title='Gopala Gopala' Box Office Collection: ₹100 Crore Remains a Distant Dream for Pawan Kalyan-Venkatesh Starrer |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gopala-gopala-box-office-collection-100-crore-remains-distant-dream-pawan-kalyan-venkatesh-623835 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218114508/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gopala-gopala-box-office-collection-100-crore-remains-distant-dream-pawan-kalyan-venkatesh-623835 |archive-date=18 February 2015 |access-date=18 February 2015 |publisher=International Business Times India}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 5
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Rudhramadevi (film)|Rudhramadevi]]''
| [[Gunasekhar|Gunaa Team Works]]
| {{INRConvert|86.92|c|year=2015}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 15, 2015 |title=Rudhrama Devi Final Total WW Collections |url=http://andhraboxoffice.com/info.aspx?id=1850&cid=6&fid=2001 |access-date=August 22, 2025 |website=Andhraboxoffice}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 6
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Temper (film)|Temper]]''
| [[Parameswara Art Productions]]
| {{INRConvert|74.3|c|year=2015}}
| <ref name=":0" />
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 7
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Bruce Lee - The Fighter]]''
| [[DVV Danayya|DVV Entertainments]]
| {{INRConvert|60.2|c|year=2015}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2015 |title=Bruce Lee - The Fighter Final Total WW Collections |url=http://andhraboxoffice.com/info.aspx?id=1861&cid=6&fid=2145 |access-date=August 22, 2025 |website=Andhraboxoffice}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 8
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Bhale Bhale Magadivoy]]''
| [[Geetha Arts|GA2 Pictures]], [[:Category:UV Creations films|UV Creations]]
| {{INRConvert|50.05|c|year=2015}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 25, 2015 |title=Nani tastes first blockbuster success with ‘Bhale Bhale Magadivoy’ |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/nani-tastes-first-blockbuster-success-with-bhale-bhale-magadivoy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151029073351/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/nani-tastes-first-blockbuster-success-with-bhale-bhale-magadivoy/ |archive-date=October 29, 2015 |access-date=August 22, 2025 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 9
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Kick 2]]''
| [[N. T. R. Arts]]
| {{INRConvert|43.5|c|year=2015}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hooli |first=Shekhar H |date=September 4, 2015 |title=Box Office Collection: 'Srimanthudu' Has Edge over 'Kick 2', 'Baahubali' (Bahubali) |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-collection-srimanthudu-has-edge-over-kick-2-baahubali-bahubali-645448 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904151704/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-collection-srimanthudu-has-edge-over-kick-2-baahubali-bahubali-645448 |archive-date=September 4, 2015 |access-date=August 22, 2025 |website=[[International Business Times]]}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 10
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Bengal Tiger (2015 film)|Bengal Tiger]]''
| [[Sri Satya Sai Arts]]
| {{INRConvert|40|c|year=2015}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 28, 2015 |title=Bengal Tiger 18 Days Total WW Collections |url=http://andhraboxoffice.com/info.aspx?id=1867&cid=6&fid=3227 |access-date=August 22, 2025 |website=Andhraboxoffice}}</ref>
|}

[[Telugu cinema|Telugu films]] released in the year 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/the-year-of-the-big-churn-in-telugu-cinema/article8021958.ece|title=2015: The year of the big churn in Telugu cinema|author=Sangeetha Devi Dundoo|work=The Hindu| date=24 December 2015 }}</ref>

== January–June ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#blue; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |Opening
!| Title
! style="width:20%;" |'''Director'''
! Cast !! Production house !! Ref
|-January!
| rowspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; " | '''J A N'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''1'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[A Shyam Gopal Varma Film]]''|| Rakesh Srinivas || [[Shafi (actor)|Shafi]], Zoya Khan, [[L. B. Sriram]], [[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] || Samisti Creations||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4010296/|title=A Shyam Gopal Varma Film (2015)|date=1 January 2015|work=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Mana Kurralle''|| Veera Sankar || [[Arvind Krishna (actor)|Arvind Krishna]], Rachana Malhotra, [[Krishnudu]], Roopa Kaur || Veera Sanker Silver Screens||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''5'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Lava Kusa (2015 film)|Lava Kusa]]''|| Jaya Sreesivan || [[Varun Sandesh]], [[Richa Panai]] || ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''9'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Gopala Gopala (2015 film)|Gopala Gopala]]''|| Kishore Kumar || [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]], [[Pawan Kalyan]], [[Shriya Saran]], [[Mithun Chakraborthy]] || [[Suresh Productions]] and North Star Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. ||<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Kailash-Kher-croons-for-Gopala-Gopala/articleshow/45613091.cms Kailash Kher croons for Gopala Gopala] – ''The Times of India'' Dated 22 December 2014 Retrieved 23 December 2014</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''23'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Pataas]]''|| Anil Ravipudi || [[Nandamuri Kalyan Ram]], [[Shruti Sodhi]], [[Saikumar (actor, born 1960)|Sai Kumar]], [[Ashutosh Rana]] || [[N.T.R. Arts]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aptoday.com/movienews/patas-release-date-confirmed/6100/|title='Pataas' release date confirmed, "Patas", Jr NTR, Tempe|work=Andhra Pradesh Political News, Telugu Cinema News – APToday|access-date=28 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109092452/http://www.aptoday.com/movienews/patas-release-date-confirmed/6100|archive-date=9 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Beeruva]]'' || Kanmani || [[Sundeep Kishan]], [[Surabhi (actress)|Surabhi]] || Ramoji Rao Studios ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allindiaroundup.com/sundeep-kishan-beeruva-beruva-movie-review-rating/|title=Sundeep Kishan "Beeruva/Beruva" Movie Review & Rating – All India Roundup|work=All India Roundup|access-date=28 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313003748/http://allindiaroundup.com/sundeep-kishan-beeruva-beruva-movie-review-rating/|archive-date=13 March 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Intelligent Idiots]]'' || [[Balaji Sanala]] || [[Posani Krishna Murali]], Vikram Shekar, Prabhjeet Kaur, [[Saptagiri (actor)|Saptagiri]] || Spicy Creations And Sri Chejarlamma Creations ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''30'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Top Rankers'' || Gollapati Nageshwara Rao || [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], Sony Charistha || Vishwa Vision Films ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions1/pressmeet-toprankers1.html|title=Top Rankers release on 30 January – Telugu cinema news|work=idlebrain.com|access-date=28 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Ladies & Gentlemen (2015 film)|Ladies & Gentleman]]'' || P B Manjunath || [[Adivi Sesh]], Chaitanya Krishna, Kamal Kamaraju, [[Nikitha Narayan]] || PL Creations & Shirdi Sai Combines ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/ladiesandgentlemen.html|title=Ladies & Gentlemen review by jeevi – Telugu cinema review – Chaitanya Krishna, Mahat Raghavendra, Adivi Sesh, Kamal Kamaraj, Swati Dixit, Nikhita Narayan, Jasmine Bhasin|work=idlebrain.com|access-date=28 February 2015}}</ref>
|- February!
| rowspan="13" style="text-align:center; background:#dcc7df;" | '''F E B'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;" | '''3'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[O Manasa]]'' || Sahaja Rao || [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]], Aparna Bajpai || ||
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;" | '''6'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Dorakadu'' || Varaprasad || [[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]], Gayathri Iyer, [[Suman (actor)|Suman]], [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]], [[Babu Mohan]] || Chandrakala Art Creations ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Gaddam Gang]]'' || [[Santhosh P. Jayakumar]] || [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]], [[Sheena Shahabadi]], [[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]], [[Seetha (actress)|Seetha]] ||Shiva Shivatmika Movies ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Malli Malli Idi Rani Roju]]'' || Kranthi Madhav || [[Sharwanand]], [[Nithya Menen]], [[Tejaswi Madivada]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Pavitra Lokesh]] ||Creative Commercials ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Malli-Malli-Idi-Rani-Roju-gets-clean-U/articleshow/46120153.cms|title=Malli Malli Idi Rani Roju gets clean U|work=The Times of India|access-date=28 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Moone Moonu Varthai|Moodu Mukkallo Cheppalante]]'' || [[Madhumitha (director)|Madhumitha]] || [[Rakendu Mouli]], [[Aditi Chengappa]], [[Venkatesh Harinathan]] || [[S. P. B. Charan|Capital Film Works]] || <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/bromantic-comedy-raises-eyebrows-in-tollywood/article6814032.ece | title='Bromantic' comedy raises eyebrows in Tollywood|first1=Suresh|last1=Krishnamoorthy|first2=Rahul|last2=Devulapalli|date=23 January 2015|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=7 June 2020}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Pesarattu (film)|Pesarattu]]'' || Mahesh Kathi || [[Nandu (actor)|Nandu]], [[Nikitha Narayan]], [[Sampoornesh Babu]] || Chandrakala Art Creations ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Pesarattu/movie-review/46148307.cms|title=Pesarattu Movie Review|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;" | '''13'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Temper (film)|Temper]]'' || [[Puri Jagannadh]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]], [[Kajal Aggarwal]], [[Prakash Raj]] || [[Parameswara Art Productions]]||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;" | '''14'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Paddanandi Premalo Mari'' || Mahesh Upputuri || [[Varun Sandesh]], [[Vithika Sheru]] || Panchajanya media ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/previews/Paddanandi-Premalo-Mari/articleshow/46211581.cms|title=Paddanandi Premalo Mari|work=The Times of India|access-date=28 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;" | '''20'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Bandipotu (2015 film)|Bandipotu]]'' || [[Mohan Krishna Indraganti]] || [[Allari Naresh]], [[Eesha Rebba]], [[Srinivas Avasarala]], [[Rao Ramesh]], [[Tanikella Bharani]] || [[E. V .V. Cinema|EVV Cinema]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Allari-Nareshs-Bandipotu-launched/articleshow/36354222.cms|title=Allari Naresh's Bandipotu launched|work=The Times of India|access-date=28 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Nuvvu Nenu Okatavudaam'' || P. Narasimha Reddy || Ranjith Swamy, Sana, [[Ali (actor)|Ali]], [[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] || G K R Productions ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Gayakudu'' || Kamal. G || Ali Reza, [[Shriya Sharma]], Santosh Pawan, M S Narayana, Sapta Giri || ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-02-20/Gayakudu-Review-Rating-132646|title=Gayakudu Telugu Movie Review, Rating – The Hans India|work=thehansindia.com| date=20 February 2015 |access-date=28 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef;" | '''27'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Bham Bolenath]]'' || Karthik Varma Dandu|| [[Navdeep]], [[Naveen Chandra]], Pooja Jhaveri|| RCC Entertainments ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allindiaroundup.com/bham-bholenath-movie-review-rating/|title=Bham Bholenath {BB} Movie Review Rating – Navdeep, Naveen Chandra, Pooja Jhaveri – All India Roundup|work=All India Roundup|access-date=28 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Ram Leela (2015 Telugu film)|Ramleela]]'' || Kiran || [[Havish]], [[Abijeet (actor)|Abijeet]], [[Nanditha Raj]] || SLB Films Rawail Grandsons Entertainment ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Leela-to-release-on-Feb-27/articleshow/46331435.cms|title=Ram Leela to release on Feb 27|work=The Times of India|access-date=28 February 2015}}</ref>
|- March!
| rowspan="11" style="text-align:center; background:#50c878; textcolor:#000;" | '''M A R'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#a8e4bc;" |'''5'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Surya vs Surya]]'' || Karthik Ghattamaneni || [[Nikhil Siddharth]], [[Tanikella Bharani]], Tridha Choudhary || Surakh Entertainments ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/surya-vs-surya-release-date/ |title=Surya vs Surya release date |work=Telugu Cinema |access-date=2015-03-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228184526/http://www.telugucinema.com/surya-vs-surya-release-date/ |archive-date=2015-02-28 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#a8e4bc;" |'''6'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Naakaithe Nachindi'' || Trinadh Kosuru || Sri Balaji, Soni Charistha, Rishika Jairath, Krishna ||
||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Anandam Malli Modalaindi]]'' || Akash || [[Jai Akash]], Jiya Khan, Alekhya, [[Thagubothu Ramesh]] || Devi Movies ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#a8e4bc;" |'''13'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Tommy (2015 film)|Tommy]]'' || Raja Vannemreddy || [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], [[Seetha (actress)|Seetha]], Deepak, Mumtaj, Suresh, [[Raghu Babu]] || Babu Pictures ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-03-13/Tommy-Telugu-movie-Review-Rating-137097|title=Tommy Telugu movie Review, Rating| date=13 March 2015 |access-date=29 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Thappatadugu'' || Sri Aarun || Surya Teja, Naveena Jackson, Lakshman Meesala, Surabhi || ASSV Ateliers and Violet Kites||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#a8e4bc;" | '''20'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Calling Bell'' || Panna Royal || Ravi Verma, mamatha Rahuth, Vriti Khanna, Kishore, Jeeva, Chanti, Shankar, Venu || Golden Time Pictures ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Tungabhadra (film)|Tungabhadra]]'' || Srinivas Gogineni || Adith Arun, [[Dimple Chopade]] || [[Varahi Chalana Chitram]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apherald.com/Movies/Reviews/82082/Tungabhadra-Telugu-Movie-Review-Rating/|title=REVIEW : TUNGABHADRA|author=CM [Common Man]|date=20 March 2015|work=APHerald [Andhra Pradesh Herald]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Yevade Subramanyam]]'' || Nag Ashwin || [[Nani (actor)|Nani]], [[Vijay Deverakonda]], [[Ritu Varma|Malavika Nair]], [[Ritu Varma]]|| [[Vyjayanthi Movies]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Yevade-Subramanyam-the-first-Telugu-film-shot-in-Everest/articleshow/45346986.cms|title=Yevade Subramanyam, the first Telugu film shot in Everest|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Janda Pai Kapiraju]]'' || [[Samuthirakani]] || [[Nani (actor)|Nani]], [[Amala Paul]], [[Ragini Dwivedi]], [[Tanikella Bharani]] || Vasan Visual Ventures ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Nani-Amala-Paul-movie-is-Janda-Pai-Kapiraju/articleshow/15253829.cms|title=Nani-Amala Paul movie is Janda Pai Kapiraju|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#a8e4bc;" | '''27'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Rey (film)|Rey]]'' || [[YVS Chowdary]] || [[Sai Dharam Tej]], [[Saiyami Kher]], [[Shraddha Das]], [[Tanikella Bharani]] || Bommarillu films ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/muhurat-rey.html|title=Rey film Launch – Telugu cinema – Sai Dharam Tej|access-date=12 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630031031/http://idlebrain.com/news/functions/muhurat-rey.html|archive-date=30 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Jil (film)|Jil]]'' || Radha Krishna || [[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]], [[Raashi Khanna]], [[Kabir Duhan Singh]], [[Harish Uthaman]] || UV Creations ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|- April!
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;background:#b4cae3; textcolor:#000;" | '''A P R'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#b4cae3;" | '''3'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Avunu 2]]'' || [[Ravi Babu]] || [[Harshvardhan Rane]], [[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]], [[Ravi Babu]], [[Sanjjanaa]], [[Nikita Thukral]] || [[Flying Frogs]], [[Suresh Productions]]||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#b4cae3;" | '''9'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[S/O Satyamurthy]]'' || [[Trivikram Srinivas]] || [[Allu Arjun]], [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]], [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]], [[Nithya Menen]], [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]], [[Adah Sharma]], [[Prakash Raj]], [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] || [[Haarika & Hassine Creations]] ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#b4cae3;" | '''17'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Budugu'' || Manmohan || [[Lakshmi Manchu]], [[Indraja]], Sridhar, Sana, Indu, Vani || Hyderabad Film Innovaties ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/budugu/ET00025445|title=Telugu Movie Budugu 2015 Synopsis & Reviews- - BookMyShow|author=BookMyShow|date=17 April 2016|work=BookMyShow}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Varadhi'' || Kartikeya || Kranthi, [[Sri Divya]] || Vivekanand Varma||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Noothi Lo Kappalu]]'' || Chanti Gnamami || [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], Pari Singh || ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#b4cae3;" | '''23'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Kai Raja Kai'' || Siva Ganesh || Josh Ravi, Maanas, Ram Khanna, Shravya, Shamili || Maruthi Talkies ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#b4cae3;" | '''24'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Dohchay]]'' || [[Sudheer Varma]] || [[Naga Chaitanya]], [[Kriti Sanon]], [[Brahmanandam]], [[Rao Ramesh]] || [[Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra]] ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|- May!
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#fac; textcolor:#000;" |'''M A Y'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#fac;" | '''8'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Dongaata (2015 film)|Dongaata]]'' || Vamsi Krishna || [[Lakshmi Manchu]], [[Adivi Sesh]], [[Brahmanandam]], [[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]] || [[Manchu Entertainment]] ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#fac;" | '''8'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''Rajahmundry ki 50&nbsp;km duramloo'' || Vijay Surya || Hemanth, Nairuthi, || Nishant Art Productions ||<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mwJjdt67bdA|title=telugu movies 2016 full length movies -Rajahmundry ki 50&nbsp;km duramloo – latest telugu movies|date=27 June 2015|via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#fac;" | '''9'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Dagudumootha Dandakor]]'' || R.K Malineni || [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], [[Sara Arjun]], [[Ravi Prakash (Telugu actor)|Ravi Prakash]] || [[Ushakiran Movies]] ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#fac;" | '''14'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Lion (2015 film)|Lion]]'' || Satyadeva || [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]], [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha Krishnan]], [[Radhika Apte]], [[Prakash Raj]] || SLV cinema ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#fac;" | '''15'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''Dhee Ante Dhee'' || Srinivasa Rao || [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]], Sonia Mann, [[Posani Krishna Murali]], [[Brahmanandam]] || Mahalakshmi Enterprises ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions1/pressmeet-dheeantedhee1.html|title=Dhee Ante Dhee press meet – Telugu cinema news}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#fac;" | '''22'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Mosagallaku Mosagadu (2015 film)|Mosagallaku Mosagadu]]'' || AN Bose ||[[Sudheer Babu]], Nandini Rai, Abhimanyu || Lakshmi Narasimha Entertainments ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[365 Days (2015 film)|365 Days]]'' || [[Ram Gopal Varma|RGV]] || Nandoo, [[Anaika Soti]] || RGV ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#fac;" | '''29'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Pandaga Chesko]]'' || [[Gopichand Malineni]] || [[Ram Pothineni|Ram]], [[Rakul Preet Singh|Rakul]], [[Sonal Chauhan]], [[Brahmanandam]], [[Sampath Raj]], [[Abhimanyu Singh]]|| United Movies ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|- June!
| rowspan="12" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" |'''J U N'''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''5'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Andhra Pori]]'' || Raj Mudiraju || Akash Puri, [[Ulka Gupta]] ||Ramesh Prasad ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Asura (2015 film)|Asura]]'' || Krishna Vijay || [[Nara Rohit]], [[Priya Banerjee]] || Devas Media Kushal Cinema [[Aran Media Works]] ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Singam 123]]'' || Akshat Sharma || [[Sampoornesh Babu]] || [[24 Frames Factory]] ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''12'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Jyothi Lakshmi (film)|Jyothi Lakshmi]]''|| [[Puri Jagannadh]] || [[Charmy Kaur]] || [[Charmy Kaur|C.K Entertainments]] ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Lava Kusa'' || Jay || [[Varun Sandesh]], [[Richa Panai]], [[Babu Mohan]], [[Brahmanandam]] || Prakash ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Kerintha]]'' || Kiran || [[Sumanth Ashwin|Sumanth]], [[Sri Divya]], [[Tejaswi Madivada|Tejaswi]] ||[[Sri Venkateswara Creations|SVC]] ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''19 '''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Krishnamma Kalipindi Iddarini]]'' || [[R. Chandru]] || [[Sudheer Babu]], [[Nanditha Raj|Nanditha]], [[M.S. Narayana]], [[Saptagiri (Telugu actor)|Saptagiri]] || [[Sridhar Lagadapati]] ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Tippu'' || Jagadish || Karthik, Kanika, [[Chalapathi Rao]], [[Krishna Bhagavan]] || Raju ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Vinavayya Ramayya'' || Prasad ||Anvesh, Kruthika, [[Prakash Raj]], [[Brahmanandam]] ||Saraswathi Films ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''26'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Jadoogadu]]'' || [[Yogie]] || [[Naga Shourya]], [[Sonarika Bhadoria|Sonarika]], [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]], [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]], [[Saptagiri (Telugu actor)|Saptagiri]] || Sathya Entertainments ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/jadoogadu-june26.html|title=Jadoogadu is ready to release on June 26th – Telugu cinema news – Nikhil & Nanditha}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Tiger (2015 film)|Tiger]]'' || Anand || [[Sundeep Kishan]], [[Seerat Kapoor]], [[Rahul Ravindran]] || Madhu ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Where Is Vidya Balan]]'' || Srinivas || [[Prince Cecil|Prince]], Sethi || Venu ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|}

== July–December ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#blue; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |Opening
!| Title
! style="width:20%;" |'''Director'''
! Cast !! Production house !! Ref
|- July!
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;background:plum;" |'''J U L'''
| style="text-align:center; background:plum;" | '''1'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Mantra 2]]''|| Satish || [[Charmme Kaur]], Chethan Cheenu || Teja Films || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/mantra-2/movie-review/48308455.cms|title=Mantra 2 Movie Review {2/5}: Critic Review of Mantra 2 by Times of India|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:plum;" | '''3'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Superstar Kidnap]]'' || A.Sushanth Reddy || [[Nandu (actor)|Nandu]], [[Aadarsh Balakrishna]], Bhupal, [[Poonam Kaur]] || Lucky Creations || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/superstar-kidnap-good-performaces-make-it-work/article7383032.ece|title=Superstar Kidnap: Good performances make it work|first=Y. Sunita|last=Chowdhary|newspaper=The Hindu|date=July 3, 2015|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''The Bells''
|Nellutla Praveen Chander
|[[Syed Sohel|Ryan Rahul]], Neha Deshpande
|Jagadhamba Productions
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bells Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/the-bells/movieshow/61284657.cms |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=timesofindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:plum;" | '''10'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''|| [[S.S. Rajamouli]]|| [[Prabhas]], [[Rana Daggubati|Rana]], [[Tamannaah Bhatia|Tamannaah]], [[Anushka Shetty]], [[Satyaraj]], [[Ramya Krishnan]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]|| [[Arka Media Works]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/baahubali-on10-july.html|title=Baahubali on 10 July – Telugu cinema news}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:plum;" | '''24'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[James Bond (2015 film)|James Bond]]''|| Sai Kishore Macha || [[Allari Naresh]], [[Sakshi Chaudhary]]|| AK Films ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:plum;" | '''31'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Mirchi Lanti Kurradu]]'' || Jayanag || [[Abijeet (actor)|Abijeet]], [[Pragya Jaiswal]] || Sri Lakshmi Venkateshwara Cinema || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/mirchi-lanti-kurradu/movie-review/48314740.cms|title=Mirchi Lanti Kurradu Movie Review {2/5}: Critic Review of Mirchi Lanti Kurradu by Times of India|via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
|- August!
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98; textcolor:#000;" | '''A U G'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;" | '''7'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Srimanthudu]]'' || [[Koratala Siva]] ||[[Mahesh Babu]], [[Shruti Haasan]], [[Jagapathi Babu]], [[Mukesh Rishi]], [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], [[Sampath Raj]], [[Harish Uthaman]] ||[[Mythri Movie Makers]] [[G. Mahesh Babu Entertainment Pvt. Ltd]] ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;" | '''14'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Cinema Choopistha Mava]]'' ||[[Trinadha Rao Nakkina]] || [[Raj Tarun]], [[Avika Gor]] || ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;" | '''21'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Kick 2]]''|| [[Surender Reddy]]|| [[Ravi Teja]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]], [[Ravi Kishan]], [[Kabir Duhan Singh]], [[Ashish Vidyarthi]], [[Brahmanandam]], [[Rajpal Yadav]]|| [[N.T.R. Arts]]|| {{cn|date=October 2024}} |
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;" |'''31'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Best Actors]]''|| [[Arun Pawar]]|| [[Nandu (actor)|Nandu]], [[Madhurima]], [[Madhunandan]], [[Kesha]], [[Varshini Soundaryarajan]]|| [[Maruthi Team Works]]||
|- September!
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#40e0d0; textcolor:#ffdead;" | '''S E P'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#40e0d0" | '''4'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Dynamite (2015 film)|Dynamite]]'' || [[Deva Katta]] || [[Manchu Vishnu]], [[Pranitha Subhash]], [[J. D. Chakravarthy]] || [[24 Frames Factory]] ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Bhale Bhale Magadivoy]]''|| [[Maruthi]]|| [[Nani (actor)|Nani]], [[Lavanya Tripathi]], [[Murali Sharma]]|| [[Geetha Arts]] UV Creations ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#40e0d0;" | '''17'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Courier Boy Kalyan]]'' || [[Premsai]] || [[Nithiin]], [[Yami Gautam]] || [[Photon Kathaas]] ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#40e0d0;" | '''18'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Ketagadu'' || || Tejus Kancherla, [[Chandini Chowdary]] || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/ketugadu/movie-review/49014648.cms|title=Ketugadu Movie Review {2/5}: Critic Review of Ketugadu by Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#40e0d0;" | '''24'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Subramanyam For Sale]]''|| [[Harish Shankar]]|| [[Sai Dharam Tej]], [[Regina Cassandra]], [[Adah Sharma]], [[Brahmanandam]]|| [[Sri Venkateswara Creations|SVC]]||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#40e0d0;" | '''25'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Chandrika''|| Yogesh || [[Jayram Karthik]], [[Kamna Jethmalani]], Srimukhi, [[Girish Karnad]], [[Satyam Rajesh]]|| Flying Wheels Productions ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|- October!
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:skyBlue; " | '''O C T'''
| style="text-align:center; background:skyBlue;" | '''2'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Shivam (2015 Telugu film)|Shivam]]'' || Srinivas Reddy || [[Ram Pothineni|Ram]], [[Raashi Khanna]], [[Abhimanyu Singh]] ||[[Sri Sravanthi Movies]]||<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Rams-Shivam-audio-launch-to-be-held-on-Saturday/articleshow/48895520.cms "Ram's Shivam audio launch to be held on Saturday"]</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:skyBlue;" | '''9'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Rudhramadevi (film)|Rudhramadevi]]''|| [[Gunasekhar]] || [[Anushka Shetty]], [[Allu Arjun]], [[Rana Daggubati]], [[Krishnam Raju]], [[Prakash Raj]] || [[Gunasekhar|Gunaa Team Works]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/rudhramadevi-to-release-on-october-9/|title='Rudhramadevi' to release on October 9|date=31 August 2015|work=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:skyBlue;" | '''16'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Bruce Lee: The Fighter|Bruce Lee]]'' || [[Srinu Vaitla]] || [[Ram Charan]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]], [[Kriti Kharbanda]], [[Arun Vijay]], [[Brahmanandam]] || [[DVV Entertainments]] ||<ref>[http://www.sify.com/movies/bruce-lee-on-october-16-news-telugu-pjioNybefhiig.html "Bruce Lee' on October 16"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909092546/http://www.sify.com/movies/bruce-lee-on-october-16-news-telugu-pjioNybefhiig.html |date=2015-09-09 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:skyBlue;" | '''22'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Kanche]]''|| [[Krish (director)|Krish]]|| [[Varun Tej]], [[Pragya Jaiswal]], [[Nikitin Dheer]], [[Srinivas Avasarala]]|| [[First Frame Entertainment]]||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Columbus (2015 film)|Columbus]]''|| R Samala || [[Sumanth Ashwin]], [[Seerat Kapoor]], [[Mishti]] Chakraborty || Ashwani Kumar Sehdev ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Raju Gari Gadhi]]''|| Omkar || Ashwin Babu, Dhanya Balakrishna || Oak Entertainments ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:skyBlue;" | '''30'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Sher (film)|Sher]]''|| Mallikarjun|| [[Nandamuri Kalyan Ram|Kalyan Ram]], [[Sonal Chauhan]], [[Vikramjeet Virk]], [[Mukesh Rishi]]|| Vijayalakshmi Pictures ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|- November!
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#F7C099; " | '''N O V'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#F7C099;" | '''6'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Tripura (film)|Tripura]]''|| Raj Kiran || [[Swati Reddy|Colors Swathi]], [[Naveen Chandra]], [[Saptagiri (actor)|Saptagiri]], [[Rao Ramesh]] || Crazy Media Pvt Ltd. ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Red Alert (2015 film)|Red Alert]]''|| [[Chandra Mahesh]] || H. H. Mahadev, [[Anjana Menon]], [[Suman (actor)|Suman]], [[Vinod Kumar Alva]], [[Posani Krishna Murali]], [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] || Cine Nilaya Creations LLP || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/red-alert/movieshow/61284024.cms|title=Red Alert Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos &#124; eTimes|via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#F7C099;" | '''11'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Akhil (film)|Akhil]]''|| [[V. V. Vinayak|Vinayak]]|| [[Akhil (Telugu actor)|Akhil Akkineni]], [[Sayyeshaa]], [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], [[Mahesh Manjrekar]], [[Brahmanandam]], [[Vennela Kishore]]|| [[Nithin|Shresht Movies]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-tollywood-actor-akhil-akkineni-s-debut-flick-akhil-the-power-of-jua-to-release-on-november-11-2140762"Akhil|title=DNA India: Latest News Headlines, Breaking News & Live Updates on Politics, Business, Sports, Bollywood at Daily News & Analysis|date=31 October 2015|work=dna}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#F7C099;" | '''20'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Kumari 21F]]'' ||Surya Pratap|| [[Raj Tarun]], [[Heebah Patel]]||PA Motion Pictures ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Cheekati Rajyam]]''|| Rajesh || [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]], [[Prakash Raj]]|| [[Raaj Kamal Films International|RKFI]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allindiaroundup.com/entertainment/kamal-hassan-cheekati-rajyam-gears-up-for-movie-release-on-20th-november-earning-ua-certificate/|title=Kamal Hassan "Cheekati Rajyam" Gears Up For Movie Release on 20th November Earning U/A Certificate|date=2 November 2015|access-date=29 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#F7C099;" | '''27'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Size Zero (film)|Size Zero]]'' || [[Prakash Kovelamudi|Prakash]]|| [[Arya (actor)|Arya]], [[Anushka Shetty|Anushka]], [[Sonal Chauhan]]||[[PVP cinema|PVP]] ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Thanu Nenu]]''||[[Ram Mohan P.|Ram Mohan]]||Santosh Sobhan, [[Avika Gor]]||Viacom 18||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/news/Thanu-Nenu-set-27th-November-release"Thanu|title=Movie News|work=[[Telugucinema.com]]}}</ref>
|- December!
| rowspan="12" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; " | '''D E C'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a;" | '''4'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Veediki Dookudekkuva'' || SatyaNarayana || [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]], [[Kamna Jethmalani]] || Pushyami Film Makers ||<ref>[http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/veedikidookudekkuva-4december.html "Veediki Dookudekkuva release on 4 December"]</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Sankarabharanam (2015 film)|Sankarabharanam]]''||Uday||[[Nikhil Siddharth|Nikhil]], [[Nanditha Raj|Nanditha]]||MVV Cinema ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a;" | '''10'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Bengal Tiger (2015 film)|Bengal Tiger]]'' || [[Sampath Nandi]] || [[Ravi Teja]], [[Tamannaah Bhatia]], [[Boman Irani]], [[Raashi Khanna]] || [[Sri Satya Sai Arts]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bengal-tiger-postponed-to-dec-10th-news-telugu-plqoUDcfhbdcj.html|title='Bengal Tiger' postponed to Dec 10th|website=[[Sify]]|date=16 November 2015|access-date=16 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116101718/http://www.sify.com/movies/bengal-tiger-postponed-to-dec-10th-news-telugu-plqoUDcfhbdcj.html|archive-date=16 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a;" | '''11'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Hitudu]]''|| Viplav || [[Jagapathi Babu]], [[Meera Nandan]]|| KSV Films ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Anaganaga Oka Chitram''|| J. Prabhakar Reddy || Shiva, [[Meghashree]]|| ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a;" | '''12'''
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Kaki: Sound of Warning]]''|| Manon M || [[Ashok Kumar (Tamil actor)|Ashok]], [[Meghashree]], [[Sangeetha Bhat]], Kiran Pattikonda || Arpita Creations
| {{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a;" | '''17'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Loafer (2015 film)|Loafer]]'' || [[Puri Jagannadh]] || [[Varun Tej]], [[Disha Patani]] || C. K. Entertainments ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a;" | '''19'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Taskara]]'' || Chandra Sekhar || || ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a;" | '''24'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Soukhyam]]''|| AS Ravi Kumar Chowdhary || [[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]], [[Regina Cassandra]], [[Mukesh Rishi]], [[Pradeep Rawat (actor)|Pradeep Rawat]]|| [[Bhavya Creations]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.sulekha.com/telugu/soukyam/news/soukyam-movie-preponed.htm|title='Soukyam' movie preponed |publisher=Sulekha|date=18 December 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a;" | '''25'''
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Bhale manchi roju|Bhale Manchi Roju]]''|| Sriram Adittya. T || [[Sudheer Babu]], [[Wamiqa Gabbi]], [[Dhanya Balakrishna]], [[Sai Kumar (Tollywood actor)|Sai Kumar]]|| 70MM Entertainments ||{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Mama Manchu Alludu Kanchu]]''|| Sriniwass Reddy || [[Mohan Babu]], [[Allari Naresh]], [[Varun Sandesh]], [[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]], [[Meena (actress)|Meena]], [[Ramya Krishna]]|| [[24 Frames Factory]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chitramala.in/ua-for-mama-manchu-alludu-kanchu-212294.html|title=U/A For Mama Manchu Alludu Kanchu!|publisher=Chitramala|date=19 December 2015}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Jatha Kalise]]''|| Rakesh Sashii || [[Ashwin Babu]], [[Tejaswi Madivada]], [[Snigdha (actress)|Snigdha]], [[Shakalaka Shankar]], [[Dhanraj (Telugu comedian)|Dhanaraj]]|| Yukta Creations [[Varahi Chalana Chitram]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/hyderabad/movies/jatha-kalisey/ET00037006|title=Jatha Kalisey |publisher=BookmyShow.com|date=19 December 2015}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Telugu cinema|horiz}}
{{Indian film list}}
{{2015 films}}

[[Category:Lists of Telugu films by year|2015]]
[[Category:Lists of 2015 films by language|Telugu]]
[[Category:2015 in Indian cinema|Telugu]]

List of Telugu films of 2015

2025-11-01T05:23:16Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): General improvements and edits

List of Telugu films of 1952

2025-10-20T03:01:03Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): minor cleanup

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Tollywood films}}
This is a list of films produced by the [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Tollywood]] film industry based in Madras & [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]] in [[1952 in film|1952]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pressacademyarchives.ap.nic.in/Newspaper.aspx|title=Press Academy of Andhra Pradesh|website=pressacademyarchives.ap.nic.in|access-date=2019-01-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1952 Telugu Films |url=http://pedia.desibantu.com/tollywood-1952-cinema-list/ |access-date=2020-04-06 |publisher=pedia.desibantu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Telugu movies released in 1952 |url=http://earlytollywood.blogspot.com/2008/01/list-of-movies-released-in-1952.html |access-date=2020-04-06 |publisher=earlytollywood}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1952 Released Telugu Films |url=http://telugucineblitz.blogspot.com/search?q=1952 |access-date=2020-04-06 |publisher=telugucineblitz}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! [[Film producer|Production]] !! Cast !! Music
|-
| ''[[Aada bratuku (1952 film)]]''
| [[B.A.SubbaRao]]
| A.N.Productions
| K.Raghuramaiah, Sriranjani Jr, Krishna Kumari, A.V.Subba rao
| Ogirala Ramachandra Rao
|-
| ''[[Aadarsham (1952 film)|Aadarsham]]''
| H. V. Babu
| Subhodaya Pictures
| [[Jaggayya]], Janaki, [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]]
| Aswathama
|-
| ''[[Chinna Kodalu]]''
| [[Ghantasala Balaramayya]]
| Prathibha Pictures
| [[C. H. Narayana Rao]], [[Kumari (actress)|Kumari]], [[Govindarajula Subba Rao]], [[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantham]], G. N. Swamy, [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]], Chaya Devi
| Aswathama
|-
| ''[[Chinnamma Katha]]''
| [[S. V. S. Rama Rao]]
| Jeimini Productions
| [[Govindarajula Subba Rao]], Seshamamba, [[Kasturi Siva Rao]], [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]]
| Veluri Krishna Murthy
|-
| ''[[Daasi (1952 film)|Daasi]]''
| [[L. V. Prasad]] (Supervising) C. V. Ranganatha Das
| [[C. Lakshmi Rajyam|Rajyam Pictures]]
| [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[C. Lakshmi Rajyam]], [[Santha Kumari]], [[S. V. Ranga Rao]], [[Kasturi Siva Rao]], [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], [[T. Kanakam]]
| [[C. R. Subbaraman]] [[Susarla Dakshinamurthi|S. Dakshinamurthi]]
|-
| ''[[Dharma Devatha]]''
| [[P. Pullaiah]]
| [[P. Pullaiah|Ragini Films]]
| [[Santha Kumari]], [[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]], [[Mudigonda Lingamurthy]], Kaushik, [[Girija (actress)|Girija]], [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]], [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]], [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], K. S. Angamuthu, [[Sachu|Baby Sachu]]
| [[C. R. Subbaraman]]
|-
| ''[[Manavathi]]''
| [[Yaragudipati Varada Rao|Y. V. Rao]]
| Sarvodaya Films
| [[C. H. Narayana Rao]], [[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]], [[Sriranjani Jr.]], [[Madhuri Devi]], [[G. Varalakshmi]], P. K. Saraswathi, [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]]
| [[Balantrapu Rajanikanta Rao|B. Rajinikanta Rao]], H. R. Padmanabha Sastry
|-
| ''[[Maradalu Pelli]]''
| [[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]]
| M. K. M. Productions
| [[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]], [[Suryakumari]], Adhanki Srirama Murthy, [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]], C. Lakshmikantam
| [[V. Nagayya]], [[Suryakumari]]
|-
| ''[[Palletooru]]''
| [[T. Prakash Rao]]
| People's Art Productions
| [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], [[S. V. Ranga Rao]], [[Nagabhushanam (actor)|Nagabhushanam]], [[T. G. Kamala Devi]], Ramana Reddy
| [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|-
| ''[[Peda Raithu]]''
| [[Kadaru Nagabhushanam|K. B. Nagabhushanam]]
| [[Kadaru Nagabhushanam|Sri Raja Rajeswari Films]]
| M. Srirama Murthy, [[Anjali Devi]], [[P. Kannamba]], [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], [[T. P. Muthulakshmi]]
| H. R. Padmanabha Sastry
|-
| ''[[Pelli Chesi Choodu]]''
| [[L. V. Prasad]]
| [[Vijaya Vauhini Studios|Vijaya Productions]]
| [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[G. Varalakshmi]], Yandamuri Joga Rao, [[S. V. Ranga Rao]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], [[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakatham]]
| [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|-
| ''[[Praja Seva]]''
| K. Prabhakar Rao
| [[Sobhanachala Studios|Sobhanachala Pictures]]
| [[C. Lakshmi Rajyam]], Kutumbarao, Prabala Krishna Murthy
| M. B. Walke
|-
| ''[[Prema (1952 film)|Prema]]''
| [[P. S. Ramakrishna Rao]]
| [[Bharani Studios]]
| [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao|A. Nageswara Rao]], [[P. Bhanumathi]], [[Sriranjani Jr.]], [[C. S. R. Anjaneyulu]], [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], [[Kasturi Siva Rao]], [[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantham]], K. S. Angamuthu
| [[C. R. Subbaraman]]
|-
| ''[[Priyuralu]]''
| [[Tripuraneni Gopichand|T. Gopichand]]
| Bharathalakshmi Productions
| Lakshmikantam, [[Jaggayya]], [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]], [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], [[T. Kanakam]]
| [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] Addepalli Rama Rao
|-
| ''[[Rajeswari (film)|Rajeswari]]''
| [[R. Padmanaban]]
| [[R. Padmanaban|Padmanaban Creations]]
| M. Srirama Murthy, [[Sriranjani Jr.]], [[Madhuri Devi]], [[Govindarajula Subba Rao]], [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], [[T. Kanakam]]
| [[Ogirala Ramachandra Rao]]
|-
| ''[[Sahasam (1952 film)|Sahasam]]''
| Raja of Mirjapur
| [[Sobhanachala Studios|Sobhanachala Pictures]]
| Prabhakar Rao, [[Krishnaveni (actress)|C. Krishnaveni]], [[T. Kanakam]], Prabhakara Reddy
| M. B. Walke
|-
| ''[[:te:సంక్రాంతి (1952 సినిమా)|Sankranti]]''
| [[C. Pullaiah]]
| Chamria Productions
| Chandrashekar, [[Santha Kumari]], [[Sriranjani Jr.]], A. V. Subba Rao, [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], [[Kasturi Siva Rao]], Ramana Rao
| Aswathama
|-
| ''[[Santhi (1952 film)|Santhi]]''
| [[Vedantam Raghavayya]]
| Vinodha Pictures
| [[Govindarajula Subba Rao]], Chandra Kumari, Hemalatha, Ramachandra Kasyap, [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]]
| [[C. R. Subbaraman]]
|-
| ''[[Tingu Ranga]]''
| [[B. A. Subba Rao]]
| Yuva Chithra Combines
| M. Srirama Murthy, [[S. Varalakshmi]], Adhanki Srirama Murthy, [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]], [[T. Kanakam]]
| [[T. V. Raju]], S. B. Dinakar Rao
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.imdb.com/search/title?languages=te|1&sort=year,asc&start=101 Earliest Telugu language films at IMDb.com (149 to 167)]

{{Tollywood|horiz}}
{{1952 films}}
{{Indian film list}}

[[Category:Lists of Telugu films by year|1952]]
[[Category:Lists of 1952 films by language|Telugu]]
[[Category:1952 in Indian cinema|Telugu films]]

2020 Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh election

2025-10-13T08:49:35Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor):

{{short description|Council election of India}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2020 Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh
| country = India
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2015 Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh
| previous_year = 2015
| next_election = 2025 Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh
| next_year = 2025
| election_date = 26 October 2020
| seats_for_election =26 out of 30 seats in the [[Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh]]
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Lotus flower symbol.svg|bSize=120|cWidth=120|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=0}}
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Hand INC.svg||bSize=140|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=16|oTop=0}}
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| alliance1 =
| seats1 = 15
| last_election1 = 18
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 3
| popular_vote1 =
| swing1 =
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| alliance2 =
| seats2 = 9
| last_election2 = 5
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 4
| popular_vote2 =
| swing2 =
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = Chief Executive Member
| posttitle = Chief Executive Member
| before_election = Gyal P Wangyal
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| after_election = [[Tashi Gyalson]]
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}

Elections were held in October 2020 for the 26 seats of [[Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=General Election-2020 to the 6th LAHDC Leh – Trends / Results {{!}} District Leh, Union Territory of Ladakh {{!}} India|url=https://leh.nic.in/election-trends-results/|access-date=2020-11-06|language=en-US}}</ref> The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] won 15 and formed the government with a majority while the [[Indian National Congress]] won 9 seats respectively out of the 26 seats.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ashiq|first=Peerzada|date=2020-10-26|title=Ladakh poll: 15 seats for BJP, Cong. wins 9|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lahdc-leh-poll-bjp-wins-6-seats-as-counting-is-underway-for-19-seats/article32942412.ece|access-date=2020-11-06|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The other 2 seats were won by 2 independent candidates.

[[Tashi Gyalson]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] was elected the Chief Executive Councillor.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=New Chief Executive Councillor Tashi Gyalson Promises Welfare Of Ladakh People|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-new-chief-executive-councillor-tashi-gyalson-promises-welfare-of-ladakh-people/363314|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101032501/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-new-chief-executive-councillor-tashi-gyalson-promises-welfare-of-ladakh-people/363314 |archive-date=2020-11-01 |access-date=2020-11-06|website=www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref> The previous elections were held in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ganai|first=Naseer|date=October 23, 2015|title=On Leh frontier, BJP decimates Congress|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/on-leh-frontier-bjp-decimates-congress-269540-2015-10-23|access-date=2020-11-06|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> It was also first election after Ladakh made as the separate union territory.

==Results==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Constituency wise results
|-
! colspan=2|Constituency
! colspan=3|Winner
! colspan=3|Runner up
! rowspan=2|Margin
|-
! No
! Name
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| 1
| TURTUK
| Ghulam Mehdi
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|
| BJP
| Ghulam Hussain
| bgcolor=#DDDDDD|
| IND
| BJP won by 367 votes
|-
| 2
| HUNDAR
| Kunzang Lotus
| bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |
| BJP
| Stanzin Chotar
| bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}} |
| INC
| BJP won by 420 votes
|-
| 3
| DISKIT
| Tsering Angchuk
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
| BJP
| Tsewang Rigzin
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|
| INC
| BJP won by 570 votes
|-
| 4
| TEGAR
| Rigzen Lundup
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
| BJP
| Jigmet Stobgais
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
| BJP won by 416 votes
|-
| 5
| PANAMIK
| Tsering Sandup
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
| Rigzin Norboo
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
| BJP won by 376 votes
|-
| 6
| TANGTSE
| Tashi Namgyal
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
| Namgyal Dorjey
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
| BJP won by 180 votes
|-
| 7
|CHUSHUL
|Konchok Stanzin
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD|
|IND
|Konchok Tsepel
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
|IND won by 309 votes
|-
| 8
|NYOMA
|Ishey Spalzang
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD|
|IND ''(Joined BJP)''
|Thuptan Wangchuk
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
|IND won by 16 votes
|-
| 9
| KUNGYAM
| Thinles Nurboo
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
| BJP
| Skarma Zotpa
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
| INC
| BJP won by 133 votes
|-
| 10 ||KORZOK
|Karma Namdak
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
|Gurmet Dorjey
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
|BJP won by 566 votes
|-
| 11 ||SAKTI
| Rigzin Tsering
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
| Urgain Phuntsog
|bgcolor= {{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}|
|AAP
| INC won by 20 votes
|-
| 12 ||IGOO
| Sonam Thardos
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
| Tsering Palden
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
| INC won by 79 votes
|-
| 13 ||MARTSELANG
| Stanzin Chosphel
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
| Eshey Tsering
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
| BJP won by 684 votes
|-
| 14 ||THIKSAY
| Stanzin Chosfail
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
| Tundup Gyatso
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
| BJP won by 344 votes
|-
| 15 ||CHUCHOT
| Mirza Hussain
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
| Sayeeda Bano
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD|
|IND
| BJP won by 735 votes
|-
| 16 ||UPPER LEH
| Phuntsog Stanzin Tsepag
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
| Tsering Namgail
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD|
|IND
| INC won by 36 votes
|-
| 17 ||LOWER LEH
| Tsering Namgyal
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
| P. Wangdan
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
| INC won by 1116 votes
|-
| 18 ||PHYANG
| Tundup Nurbu
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
| Phunchok Dorjey
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
| INC won by 57 votes
|-
| 19 ||SKU MARKHA
| Sonam Nurboo
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
| Tsewang Gyaltsan
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD|
|IND
| BJP won by 67 votes
|-
| 20 ||BASGO
| Tsering Norboo
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
| Dorji Angchok
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
| INC won by 223 votes
|-
| 21 ||SASPOL
| Smanla Dorje Nurboo
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|(INC)
| Tsewang Nurboo
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD|
|(IND)
| INC won by 481 votes
|-
| 22 ||TEMISGAM
| Sonam Dorjey
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
| Tsering Wangchok
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
| INC won by 245 votes
|-
| 23 ||KHALTSI
| Lobzang Sherab
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
| Jigmet Rabgais
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
| BJP won by 9 votes
|-
| 24 ||SKURBUCHAN
| Lundup Dorjai
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
| Phuntsog Stanzin
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
| INC won by 122 vote
|-
| 25 ||LAMAYOURU
| Morup Dorjey
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
| Dorjey Gailson
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
| BJP won by 237 votes
|-
| 26 ||LINGSHET
| [[Tashi Gyalson]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|BJP
| Kunchok Norboo
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|INC
|BJP won by 311 votes
|}

==See also==
*[[2020 elections in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Leh district]]
[[Category:Politics of Ladakh]]
[[Category:2020 elections in India]]
[[Category:Elections in Ladakh]]
[[Category:History of Ladakh]]

Naagarjuna – Ek Yoddha

2025-08-17T13:46:34Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): adding

{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Naagarjuna_television_series.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Fantasy]] [[Mythology]] [[Action film|Action]] [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]] [[Drama (genre)|Drama]]
| creator = [[Yash A Patnaik]]
| based_on = [[Mahabharatha]]
| writer = [[Robin Bhatt]]
| director =
| creative_director =
| presenter =
| starring = Anshuman Malhotra [[Pearl V Puri]] [[Pooja Banerjee]] Nitanshi Goel [[Nikitin Dheer]] Sudeepa Singh [[Karishma Tanna]] [[Mrunal Jain]] [[Rehaan Roy]]
| judges =
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 176
| producer = Inspire Films
| location = [[Mumbai]] [[Dharamsala|Dharamshala]] [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]] [[Palampur]] [[Kerala]] [[Madhya Pradesh]] [[India]]
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Single-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = [[Inspire Films]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2016|05|30}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2017|01|13}}
| related = [[Piya Rangrezz]]
| channel = [[Life OK]]
}}

'''''Naagarjuna – Ek Yoddha''''' (''Naagarjuna – A Warrior'') is an Indian Hindi fantasy action drama television series which premiered on 30 May 2016 on [[Life OK]]. Produced by [[Yash A Patnaik]] of Beyond Dreams Entertainment, it starred [[Anshuman Malhotra]], [[Pearl V Puri]], [[Pooja Banerjee]] and [[Nikitin Dheer]].

[[Jeet Gannguli]] composed the soundtrack, which was sung by [[Jubin Nautiyal]] and [[Shankar Mahadevan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Jeet-Ganguly-composes-album-for-TV-show/articleshow/51954926.cms|title=Jeet Ganguly composes album for TV show|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=23 Apr 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.asianage.com/tv/bollywood-stunt-director-hired-nagarjuna-970|title=Bollywood stunt director hired for Nagarjuna|newspaper=[[The Asian Age]]|access-date=16 May 2016}}</ref> The show was written by [[Robin Bhatt]] and [[Akash Khurana]] while [[Nitin Chandrakant Desai]] designed the sets. The show's first look was launched in [[Mumbai]] on May 24, 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Nikitin-Dheer-Anshuman-Malhotra-unveil-Nagarjunas-first-look/photostory/52431572.cms|title=Nikitin Dheer, Anshuman Malhotra unveil Nagarjuna's first look|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Nagarjun-Ek-Yoddha-hits-a-hundred/articleshow/54918084.cms|title=Nagarjun: Ek Yoddha hits a hundred|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=18 Oct 2016}}</ref>

==Plot==
The show starts with a flashback. Arjun sits on a snake-shaped rock and the voice over starts. Astika indulges in a fight with Nagdev, kills him and takes the Naagmani and give to his king Maharaj Takshak. Takshak wants to attack the humans and wants the domination of snakes all over the world. It is then revealed that Astika has bewitched Pranali who does not know that he is a Naag. Pranali gives birth to his son and Astika comes to demand his son from her. Pranali somehow escapes from Astika's clutches and sets her son sailing in a river so that Astika can not get a hold over him. Vasuki, also a snake, is responsible for maintaining peace and balance between the prithvi lok and naag lok. He steals the Naagmani from Takshak's abode so that it is not misused and finds Arjun. It is then revealed that Astika's human son is the bearer of the Naagmani. Arjun is found by a couple who adopt him.

The story shifts to the present where Arjun is grown up and works in a garage as part-time job. He is a simple, innocent, hardworking lad who is hated by his family, except his parents and younger sister Chhutki for being adopted. His best friend is Aslam. He meets Noori and starts feeling for her. The next day, at the temple, Vasuki comes face to face with Arjun and touches his feet, puzzling Arjun. Astika's informant sees this and Vasuki kills him, letting Astika know that he is in Amroli. Now, Astika is in search of the Naagmani and his son, but is not aware that both are at the same place. He even comes in front of Arjun, but does not recognize him.

Where Noori and Arjun's friendship increases and Noori's father was not happy with that. Meanwhile in search of Vasuki and his son, Astika mixes poison in Prasad; everyone except Arjun faints. Astika believes Vasuki takes this new form to safeguard his identity. Vasuki discloses secret that Arjun is his son to Astika. Shankhachurna, Arjun's half-brother who wants Nagmani and hated his father, who always neglected him and his mother for his missing son. He comes to PrthiviLok and takes the identity of ACP Rajveer Singh. His mother Mohini also joins him. Arjun realises he was not ordinary and has some supernatural powers. Astika befriends Arjun and discusses his special abilities. Pranali meet Arjun and his family and so happy for taking care of his son to Yashosha. Before she reveals the truth about Arjun's birth to Yashodha, she is killed by Astika. Shankhachurna and Mohini find that Arjun is Astika's son and Nagmaani bearer they decide to kill him but fail every time. Noori's father want to get married her to Rajveer where Rajveer finds that Arjuns weakness was Noori and accept his proposal. Arjun tells the truth about Rajveer to Noori's father where Rajveer kills him and Noori's Father asks Arjun to
protect Noori and take care of her.

Rajveer tells Noori that her father's dying wish is to get her daughter married to him. Arjun tries to explain Rajveer's identity but it backfires. Noori emotionally breaks up with Arjun and accepts to marry Rajveer because of her father's last wish. Meanwhile Arjun knows that Astika is her father and Rajveer is his step-brother and he was angry at Astika for keeping this secret. Vasuki explains to Arjun about story of Nagmani and cause of his birth. He overcomes various monsters sent by Rajveer and other enemies. Tina - Arjun and Aslam best friend return to her village after many years to investigate her town's mysteries. Takshak wakes up from his curse and try to get Nagmani back he captures Noori soul and threatens Arjun to complete task by saving her soul. After saving Noori's soul, Arjun's soul becomes trapped and he becomes Naagrakshas and threatens his hometown. After a few attempts Arjun's younger sister Chhutki notices his soul was in his chain where Naagraksha's holding. Vasuki sacrifices himself saving Arjun. Arjun was become normal with a new face [[Pearl V Puri]] and more powerful and he becomes Naagarjun. Arjun's parents do not believe his new face because of the enemies' plan. Arjun's mother notices he was her son after he become emotional by seeing Noori. Rajveer fumes anger by Arjun by getting more powers. They bring a powerful Naag where he was killed by Arjun. They hatch a plan and awaken the powerful evil serpent Maskini to say about his brother's death. She avenges her brother's death. Meanwhile Arjun and Noori patch up and confess their love and not to leave each other. Maskini comes to Earth posing as an innocent girl who loses her memory. Arjun's sister Chhutki saves her and brings her home and named Pari. Maskini attacks Arjun but each time she is defeated. Meanwhile she attracted to his powers. Finally Arjun knows that Maskini was behind all the attacks and he shows that he didn't kill her brother but leaves him by warning to get back her world. She realizes Rajveer's betrayal and falls deeply love with Arjun. She schemes, but Arjun learns her real identity and warns her and sends her back to her world where Arjun and Noori get married.

Seeking vengeance, Maskini abducts all the villagers to her world, challenging Arjun and Tina to save them. Arjun, assisted by his father, enters Maskini's world. Tina in village, searches for a portal to enter Maskini world to save the villagers. Maskini kills Aslam making Arjun grief. She tortures Arjun's family. Tina and some police officers enter Maskini's world through a secret portal. They all die where Tina and ACP remaining. Rajveer joins with Arjun and Astika to save villagers while he has other plans for Arjun. Astika is separated from the duo in the attack. Tina reaches the hidden villagers and with help of Astika she saves them. Maskini kills Mohini making Rajveer angry and she also kills Astika. Arjun and Shankhachurna are saddened by their parents' death where Rajveer was sorry to Arjun by lust of Nagmani and Joins with Arjun to defeat Maskini. Finally, Arjun defeats Maskini, kills her, and returns to his hometown with his wife and family. After three months, Noori gets pregnant and she has nightmares about her unborn child being attracted to evil powers. Arjun consoles her and she gives birth to a healthy boy continuing Arjun's legacy.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Pearl V Puri]] as Arjun "Naagarjun" Shastri <ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Pearl-V-Puri-to-replace-Anshuman-Malhotra-in-Nagarjun-/articleshow/54517368.cms?|title=Pearl V Puri to replace Anshuman Malhotra in Nagarjun ?|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=26 Sep 2016}}</ref>
**[[Anshuman Malhotra]] as Young Arjun Shastri
*[[Pooja Banerjee]] as Noorie Shastri
*[[Karishma Tanna]] as Maskini
*[[Nikitin Dheer]] as [[Astika (Hinduism)|Astika]]

===Recurring===
*[[Mrunal Jain]] as Shankhachurna/A.C.P. Rajveer Singh
*Sudeepa Singh as Mohini
*[[Shruti Ulfat]] as Yashodha Shastri, Arjun's foster mother
*[[Abigail Jain]] as Tina
*Aman Vasishth as Aslam
*[[Rishina Kandhari]] as Naag Maya
*[[Puneett Chouksey]] as Inspector Aditya Dixit
*[[Rehaan Roy]] as Ajgaar
* [[Ishita Vyas]] as Cheemi<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Ishita-Vyas-to-play-bat-woman-in-Nagarjun-Ek-Yoddha/articleshow/55678810.cms|title=Ishita Vyas to play bat woman in 'Nagarjun-Ek Yoddha'|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=29 Nov 2016}}</ref>
*[[Nawab Shah (actor)|Nawab Shah]] as S. P. Baldev Singh
*[[Chetan Hansraj]] as Nag Dev, King of [[Patala|Naaglok]] many generations after [[Sheshnag|Shesh Naag]], King of all the Nagaas.
*[[Keerti Nagpure]] as Pranali, Naagarjuna's biological mother
*Saar Kashyap as [[Agni]]
*[[Rajesh Khera]] as [[Takshak]]
*[[Manish Wadhwa]] as Vasuki
*[[Richa Mukherjee]] as Urmi
*Arjun Singh Shekhawat as Digant, Arjun's brother
*[[Kishori Shahane]] as Goddess [[Manasa]]
*[[Vishal Karwal]] as [[Krishna]]
*[[Rahul Sharma (actor)|Rahul Sharma]] as [[Arjuna]]
*Salman Shaikh as Ashvasena
*[[Iris Maity]] as [[Chitrāngadā]]
*Arshee Khan as [[Loka]]
*Srishti Jain as [[Draupadi]]
*Esha Chawla as [[Ulupi]]
* [[Ahmad Harhash]] as Babhuram Malhotra

==Production==
===Development===
The show is going to be produced by [[Yash A Patnaik]] under the banner of Beyond Dreams Entertainment. In March, [[Mrunal Jain]] was signed to portray the role of the lead [[antagonist]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Mrunal-Jain-to-play-the-antagonist-in-Nagarjun/articleshow/51430236.cms|title=Mrunal Jain to play the antagonist in Nagarjun|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=16 Mar 2016}}</ref> Anshuman Malhotra was signed to portray the lead role in the series but replaced by [[Pearl V Puri]] in September 2016
. Anshuman's real life girlfriend [[Sanaya Pithawalla]] was initially signed to star opposite him. But she was replaced by [[Pooja Banerjee]] at the last minute.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Pooja-steps-into-Sanayas-shoes/articleshow/52075274.cms|title=Pooja steps into Sanaya's shoes|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=3 Mar 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/Anshuman-Malhotra-and-Pooja-Banerjees-biking-tales/articleshow/52309304.cms|title=Anshuman Malhotra and Pooja Banerjee's biking tales|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=18 May 2016}}</ref>[[Nikitin Dheer]] was signed to portray the second lead in the fantasy series. He will now be seen as a warrior, with grey shades, from the times gone by in the series.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Nikitin-Dheer-on-being-the-right-guy-on-the-wrong-side/articleshow/51992708.cms|title=Nikitin Dheer on being the right guy on the wrong side|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=27 Apr 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Some-roles-are-only-made-for-television-Nikitin-Dheer/articleshow/52483396.cms|title=Some roles are only made for television: Nikitin Dheer|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=29 May 2016}}</ref>[[Keerti Nagpure]] was signed to star opposite him.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/I-look-like-a-dwarf-with-Nikitin-Keerti-Nagpure/articleshow/52309094.cms|title=I look like a dwarf with Nikitin: Keerti Nagpure|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=18 May 2016}}</ref>[[Nawab Shah (actor)]] has been signed to play the role of a cop in the series.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/After-Kavita-Kaushik-now-boyfriend-Nawab-Shah-to-play-a-cop/articleshow/52128365.cms|title=After Kavita Kaushik, now boyfriend Nawab Shah to play a cop|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=6 May 2016}}</ref> Nitanshi Goel was signed to play the role of Anshuman's kid sister Chutki. In May, [[Sheela Sharma]], Gujarati actress Anandi Tripathi, model Arjun Singh and Ajay Kumar Singh have been roped to play prominent roles in the series.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sheela-sharma-arjun-singh-anandi-tripathi-join-life-oks-nagarjun/articleshow/52356232.cms|title=Sheela Sharma, Arjun Singh, Anandi Tripathi join Life OK's 'Nagarjun'|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref>[[Kishori Shahane]] and [[Rishina Kandhari]] have also been finalised for prominent roles in the series.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/watch-kishori-shahane-and-nikitin-dheer-in-nagarjun-ek-yodha/story-sIpUmmjd5SFqpqsmmRPC3N.html|title=Watch Kishori Shahane and Nikitin Dheer in Naagarjuna-Ek Yoddha|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref> As of July 2016, [[Abigail Jain]] entered the show as Anshuman's childhood friend Tina.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Abigail-Jain-in-Nagarjuna/articleshow/53240382.cms|title=Abigail Jain in Naagarjuna|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=17 July 2016}}</ref> On 5 Dec 2016, ''[[The Times of India]]'' reported that actor Rehaan Roy was signed to play a villainous role in the show.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rehaan-to-play-Karishma-Tannas-brother-in-show/articleshow/55813034.cms|title=Rehaan to play Karishma Tanna's brother in show|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=5 Dec 2016}}</ref>

===Character and looks===
Nikitin Dheer plays an unusual anti-hero character in the show. He is also the reel father to Malhotra, the lead character.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Nikitin-Dheer-turns-father-for-Nagarjun-Ek-Yoddha/articleshow/52520706.cms|title=Nikitin Dheer turns father for 'Nagarjun - Ek Yoddha'|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=31 May 2016}}</ref> He trained himself in MMA (Mixed Martial Arts) and sword fighting for six months. Pooja has gone for a makeover of sorts for the show. The actress plays a simple girl-next-door character called Noorie in the show.
Earlier, Pooja’s role was supposed to be played by Anshuman’s real life girlfriend Sanaya Pithawala but somehow the deal did not work out and Pooja bagged it at the last minute. Anshuman is four years younger to Pooja and to ensure they look approximately around the same age, she was asked to chop off her long tresses.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/television/120516/pooja-banerjee-chops-off-her-long-tresses.html|title=Pooja Banerjee chops off her long tresses|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=11 May 2016}}</ref> Mrunal is seen in dual role, as a super villain, who will double up as a cop called Rajbir,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Mrunals-role-in-Nagarjun-inspired-by-Akshay-Kumars-Rowdy-Rathore/articleshow/53464950.cms|title=Mrunal's role in 'Nagarjun...' inspired by Akshay Kumar's 'Rowdy Rathore'|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref> in the show. Explaining the intricacies of playing such a role, he says, "My character Shankachurna is different compared to what I have done in the past." The costume that he will be wearing has a lot of elements, including claws jutting out from the right shoulder."It takes the actor over an hour just to get into the look of the character, complete with the costume and a wig, which he is wearing for the first time.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Mrunal-Jains-wig-woes/articleshow/52326012.cms|title=Mrunal Jain's wig woes!|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> Nitanshi will be playing the role of Chutki. She will be very cute, naughty and intelligent and will love and care for her brother a lot. Earlier Veera girl Harshita Ojha was finalized to play this character. However it is Nitanshi who had managed to bag this prized role now. Actor Arjun Singh will be playing a grey shade, Anandi will be seen as Anshuman's mother, Ajay will be Anshuman's father and Sheela would play his aunt in the show. Rishina will be playing the role of Nag Maya who will protect the Naglok. Her character will foresee the future.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rishina-Kandhari-to-play-a-naagin-on-TV/articleshow/52088621.cms|title=Rishina Kandhari to play a 'naagin' on TV|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=3 May 2016}}</ref> Pearl has been made to wear thick green-coloured lenses for his 'Naag' look.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Nagarjun-role-takes-a-toll-on-Pearl-V-Puris-eyes/articleshow/54918382.cms|title='Nagarjun' role takes a toll on Pearl V Puri's eyes|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=18 Oct 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/newbie-nitanshi-chosen-over-harshita-life-oks-nagarjun-160527 |title=Newbie Nitanshi chosen over Harshita for Life OK's Nagarjun |last=Goel|first=Nitanshi|date=27 May 2016|access-date=27 May 2016|website=TellyChakkar}}</ref>

===Shooting locations===
The show has been shot at intriguing districts of [[India]] like [[Kerala]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/shah-rukh-khan-is-my-idol-anshuman-malhotra/|title=Shah Rukh Khan is my idol: Anshuman Malhotra|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=7 May 2016}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Phir Laut Aayi Naagin]]
*[[Ishq Ki Dastaan - Naagmani]]
*[[Naagini]]
*[[Naagini 2]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nagarjuna-Ek Yoddha}}
[[Category:2016 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2017 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy television series]]
[[Category:Life OK original programming]]

Tuirial

2025-08-03T13:46:47Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): typo fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Tuirial River
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =

| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption=

| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mizoram]], [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 = Cities
| subdivision_name5 = [[Aizawl]], [[Lunglei]], [[Sonai]]

| length_km = 117
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg =
| discharge1_max =

| source1 =
| source1_location =
| source1_coordinates=
| source1_elevation = {{convert|1398|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth =
| mouth_location = Chawilung hills
| mouth_coordinates =
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size =
| tributaries_left = [[Tuirini]]
| tributaries_right =
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}
The '''Tuirial''' is a river of [[Mizoram]] and [[Assam]], northeastern India. It is also known as River Sonai, a tributary of [[Barak River]]. It flows in a northerly direction towards [[Cachar]] district and joins the [[Barak River]] at Dungripar Village near [[Sonai]] town.<ref name="Lalhriatpuii2010">{{cite book|author=Lalhriatpuii|title=Economic Participation of Women in Mizoram|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JF_LzD2Q8DUC&pg=PA11|access-date=8 August 2012|year=2010|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-665-7|page=11}}</ref> It is impounded by the [[Tuirial Dam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tuirial Hydro Power Station {{!}} North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited |url=https://neepco.co.in/power-generation/hydro-power/tuirial-hydro-power-station |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=neepco.co.in}}</ref>

==Geography==
The river is about {{convert|117|km|mi}} long. It originates from Chawilung hills (62 km from Aizawl) in [[Aizawl District]]. It flows northward to join the [[Barak River]] in Assam.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pachuau|first=Rintluanga|title=Mizoram: A Study in Comprehensive Geography|year=2009|publisher=Northern Book Center|pages=Page 38}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Hydrography of Mizoram}}

{{coord missing|Mizoram}}

[[Category:Rivers of Mizoram]]

{{Mizoram-geo-stub}}
{{India-river-stub}}

Lila Poonawalla

2025-05-07T19:44:50Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): adding

{{Short description|Indian industrialist, philanthropist, humanitarian}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lila Poonawalla
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_name = Lila Thadani
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|16 September 1944|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]], Sindh
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| occupation = Philanthropist Industrialist
| yearsactive = 1967-
| known for =
| spouse = Firoz Poonawalla
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] [[Order of the Polar Star]] [[Order of the Seraphim]]
}}
'''Lila Firoz Poonawalla''' (born 16 September 1944) is an Indian industrialist, philanthropist, humanitarian<ref name="Weekend Aug 2015">{{cite web | url=http://www.theweekendleader.com/Relationship/970/a-love-story.html | title=A 67-year-old 'Leading Lady' sees modern women as 'too quick-tempered' | publisher=The Weekend Leader | date=28 August 2015 | accessdate=1 September 2015}}</ref> and the founder of ''Lila Poonawalla Foundation'', a [[non governmental organization]].

Poonawalla is the former chairperson of [[Alfa Laval|Alfa Laval India]] and [[TetraPak|TetraPak India]]. She was awarded the fourth highest civilian award, the [[Padma Shri]], by the [[Government of India]] in 1989.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |accessdate=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archivedate=15 October 2015 }}</ref><ref name="The Asha Centre profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.ashacentre.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=532:lila-poonawalla&Itemid=3 | title=The Asha Centre profile | publisher=The Asha Centre | date=2015 | accessdate=1 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923175222/http://www.ashacentre.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=532:lila-poonawalla&Itemid=3 | archive-date=23 September 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Biography==
Lila Poonawalla, née Lila Thadani, was born on 16 September 1944 in [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]] in the [[Sindh region]] in [[British India]] as one of the five children in a [[Sindhis|Sindhi]] family.<ref name="The Asha Centre profile" /> She lost her father when she was three years old and, during the [[partition of India]], her family moved to India as refugees to settle in [[Pune]].<ref name="Turning Mirrors Into Windows">{{cite web | url=http://www.afternoondc.in/womens-world/turning-mirrors-into-windows/article_109410 | title=Turning Mirrors Into Windows | publisher=Afternoon | date=8 May 2014 | accessdate=1 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305041529/http://www.afternoondc.in/womens-world/turning-mirrors-into-windows/article_109410 | archive-date=5 March 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> She did her early education in Pune after which she graduated in mechanical engineering with first class from the [[Government College of Engineering, Pune|Government College of Engineering]] under the [[University of Pune]] in 1967.<ref name="The Asha Centre profile" />

She started her career as an apprentice at [[Ruston and Hornsby]] where she met with her future husband, Firoz Poonawalla, who was from a [[Dawoodi Bohra]] family and was working in the same company. As the company rules prohibited the members of the same family working together, she moved, as a trainee engineer, to the Indian division [[Alfa Laval]], the Swedish multinational, where she worked in various positions to rise to hold the office of the chairperson in a span of two decades, thus becoming one of the first woman [[Chief executive officer|CEOs]] in India. During her career, she pursued management studies at the [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|Indian Institute of Management]], Ahmedabad, [[Harvard University]] and [[Stanford University]]. Under her management, Alfa Laval India operations grew from {{INR}}500 million to {{INR}}2.5 billion and eventually she took over the [[TetraPak]] operations in India as its chief executive officer, serving the companies till her retirement in 2001. Poonawalla couple have no children and live in Pune where Firoz Poonawalla has based his [[floriculture]] export business.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

==Legacy and positions==
Poonawalla has been associated with the [[Government of India]] by serving as a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee, when [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] served as its chairman, the Herbal and Floritech Sub-Committee of the Scientific Advisory Committee to the Government<ref name="Pragati Leadership profile">{{cite web|url=http://www.pragatileadership.com/?p=571 |title=Pragati Leadership profile |publisher=Pragati Leadership |date=2015 |accessdate=2 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092130/http://www.pragatileadership.com/?p=571 |archivedate=22 December 2015 }}</ref> and the ''Technology Information Forecasting & Assessment Council'' (TIFAC) of the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]]. Her association with the education sector included the memberships of the Core Group of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]], the academic councils of [[Pune University]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]] and ''Symbiosis Management Institute'', the steering committee of ''Pune Vyaspeeth'', the Science and Technology Park of Pune University and the governing council of the [[Centre for Development of Advanced Computing]]. She has served as a member of the executive council of the [[Confederation of Indian Industry]] and has held the chair of the Food Task Force of the association. She was the founder chairperson of the ''Indo-Swiss Vocational Training Trust'' and was involved in the establishment of the International Biotech Park in Pune as a member of the sub group on conceptualization. She is also a former member of the advisory committee of the [[Life Insurance Corporation of India]].{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

==Lila Poonawalla Foundation==
Lila Poonawalla Foundation, a Nonprofit Public Charitable Trust, was established in 1995 by Mrs. Lila Poonawalla and Mr. Firoz Poonawalla. LPF works towards the cause of promoting Girls Education and Women Empowerment by offering Merit-cum-Need based Scholarship and Skill Building programs. LPF is accredited by the Credibility Alliance.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pune: Lila Poonawalla Foundation Announces Scholarships To Young Women For Higher Education |url=https://www.punekarnews.in/pune-lila-poonawalla-foundation-announces-scholarships-to-young-women-for-higher-education/ |website=Punekar News |date=11 September 2023}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
Poonawalla has been awarded several minor and major awards, including two State Awards such as the civilian honour of the [[Padma Shri]] from the [[Government of India]] in 1989.<ref name="Padma Awards" />

==See also==
* [[List of Indian businesswomen]]
{{portal|India}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Trade & Industry}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Poonawalla, Lila}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in trade and industry]]
[[Category:Order of the Polar Star]]
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad District, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Indian Sindhi people]]
[[Category:Indian industrialists]]
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]
[[Category:Indian social workers]]
[[Category:Indian women philanthropists]]
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Savitribai Phule Pune University alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women educational theorists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women chief executives]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad, Sindh]]
[[Category:Sindhi Hindus]]

Sanjiv Kumar (Jharkhand politician)

2025-01-23T19:04:17Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): Put up new bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{About|the politician from Jharkhand|other people with the same name|Sanjiv Kumar (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{engvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sanjiv Kumar
|office = [[Member of Parliament|MP]] of [[Rajya Sabha]] for [[Jharkhand]]
|term_start = 4 May 2012
|term_end = 3 May 2018
|predecessor =
|successor = [[Sameer Oraon]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|party = [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]]
}}

'''Sanjiv Kumar''' (born 15/01/1958 in Maniadih, District Dhanbad (Jharkhand) in India) is the politician from [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] Party.<ref name=zee-news>{{cite news|title=JMM sticks to Sanjeev Kumar as its RS nominee|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/jharkhand/17jmm-sticks-to-sanjeev-kumar-as-its-rs-nominee_770386.html|accessdate=10 October 2015}}</ref>

He was elected to [[Rajya Sabha]] from state of Jharkhand of the ticket of JMM in May 2012.<ref name=india-gov-in>{{cite web|title=Detailed Profile: Shri Sanjiv Kumar|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2230|accessdate=10 October 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Sanjiv}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Dhanbad district]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha politicians]]

{{Jharkhand-politician-stub}}

Pegadapalli

2024-12-30T06:04:26Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor):

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{refimprove
| date = March 2017
}}
{{Distinguish|Pegadapally}}
'''Pegadapalli''' or '''Pegadapalle''' is a village in [[Kalva Srirampur mandal|Kalva Srirampur Mandal]] in [[Peddapalli district|Peddapalli District]] of the Indian state of [[Telangana]]. It belongs to the Telangana region.

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India|census]], Pegadapalle had a population of 1,359. The total population constitute, 663 males and 696 females —a sex ratio of 1,050 females per 1000 males. 137 children are in the age group of 0–6 years. The average literacy rate stands at 60.56% with 740 literates.<ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=644494|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=17 August 2019}}</ref>

==Power station==
Pegadapalli (Adilabad or Jaipur) power station is an 1,800-megawatt (MW) coal-fired power plant under development in Telangana.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Pegadapalli_(Jaipur_Mandal)_power_station|title=Pegadapalli (Jaipur Mandal) power station - SourceWatch|website=www.sourcewatch.org}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Telangana}}

[[Category:Villages in Mancherial district]]

{{Telangana-geo-stub}}

Shiny Benjamin

2024-12-28T12:52:56Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): Added a info!

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{Use Indian English|date= February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shiny Benjamin
|image = {{CSS image crop
|Image = The Director, Shiny Jacob Benjamin at the presentation of her film ‘In Return Just a Book’, during the 47th International Film Festival of India (IFFI-2016), in Panaji, Goa on November 24, 2016.jpg
|bSize = 700
|cWidth = 200
|cHeight = 245
|oTop = 30
|oLeft = 485
|Location=center}}

| caption = Shiny Benjamin, [[International Film Festival of India|IFFI]] ([[47th International Film Festival of India|2016]])
| birth_name = Shiny Benjamin
| birth_place = [[Kollam]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = [[Film director]]
| alma_mater =
| awards = [[National Film Award for Best Biographical Film]] 2018
}}

'''Shiny Benjamin,''' (also known Shiny Jacob Benjamin<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/reels-of-reality/article5844624.ece|title=Reels of reality|first=Saraswathy|last=Nagarajan|newspaper=The Hindu|date=28 March 2014|publisher=|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/nursing-big-dreams/article5753219.ece|title=Nursing big dreams|first=Liza|last=George|newspaper=The Hindu|date=5 March 2014|publisher=|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> born in [[Karavaloor]], [[Punalur]], [[Kollam district|Kollam]]) is a National Award-winning [[India]]n director of [[Documentary film|documentaries]] and [[docufiction]]s, from [[Thiruvananthapuram|Trivandrum]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2018/jun/18/a-real-to-reel-story-of-a-warrior-1829557.html|title=A real to reel story of a warrior|website=The New Indian Express|date=18 June 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kiff.in/official-selection/competition-on-indian-documentary-films|title=Official Selection - Kolkata International Film Festival|website=www.kiff.in}}</ref>

==Life==
Shiny Benjamin began her career as journalist, and had been a documentary director since 1999. She worked as a feature writer with the [[Malayalam]] newspapers ''[[Malayala Manorama]]'' and ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'' before joining [[Asianet (TV channel)]], the first Malayalam satellite television channel. Later, she worked with [[Indiavision]], the first news channel in Malayalam, as a chief producer for the television channel [[JaiHind TV]] and Jaihind Middle East. Shiny is the younger daughter of K.O.Benjamin and Sosamma Benjamin. Her education began at Karavaloor AMMHS and continued at St. Gorety Girls High School, followed by [[St John's College, Anchal|St. John's College, Anchal]]. She has been honoured with 20 awards including five National Awards and eight [[Kerala State Film Awards]] for documentaries and docufictions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shiny-benjamin-on-her-national-award-winning-documentary-on-the-life-and-times-of-velu-thampi-dalawa/article23969205.ece|title=In the footsteps of Velu Thampi Dalawa|first=Saraswathy|last=Nagarajan|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 May 2018|publisher=|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref name="riffa.ca">{{cite web|url=http://www.riffa.ca/riffa-2017-archive/shiny-jacob-benjamin-bio.html|title=RIFFA BIO - Shiny Jacob Benjamin|website=www.riffa.ca}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- "
! Year !! Title !! Script !! Short Description
|-
| 2017||''[[The Sword of Liberty|The Swords of Liberty]] '' || Beear Prasad || Describes the life and death of [[Velu Thampi Dalawa|Velu Thambi Dalawa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sword-liberty-freedom-fighter-velu-thambi-dalawas-story-film-83269 |title='The Sword of Liberty': Freedom fighter Velu Thambi Dalawa's story in film |publisher=The News Minute |date=18 June 2018 |access-date=2019-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/the-dalawa-gets-a-documentary/article24195874.ece|title=The Dalawa gets a documentary|author=Staff Reporter|newspaper=The Hindu|date=19 June 2018|publisher=|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
|-
| 2014|| ''[[In Return: Just a Book]]'' || [[Paul Zacharia]] || A docufiction inspired by Indian author Perumpadam Sreedharan’s novel on [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/To-Russia-with-love/article16091703.ece|title=To Russia, with love|first=Saraswathy|last=Nagarajan|newspaper=The Hindu|date=3 November 2016|publisher=|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/in-depth/iffi-2016-goa-film-festival/iffi-2016-news/a-filmic-tribute-to-dostoyevsky-and-perumbadavam.html|title=In Return: Just a Book - a filmic tribute to Dostoyevsky and Perumbadavam|website=OnManorama}}</ref>
|-
| 2013||''Translated Lives - A Migration Revisited '' || [[Paul Zacharia]] || A documentary about the lives of Malayali women who emigrated to Germany in the 1960s to become nurses.<ref name="auto"/>
|-
| 2012||''Between a Rock and a Hard Place '' || [[Paul Zacharia]] || A documentary about the lives of five Kerala women.
|-
| 2010||''Ottayal (One Woman: Alone)'' || Shiny Benjamin || Describes the life of [[Daya Bai]] who fought for the right of [[Gondi people|Gonds]] in Madhya Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/58th-national-film-awards-meet-the-winners-399265.html|title=58th National Film Awards: Meet the winners|website=News18|date=9 September 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 2006||'' Bhagya-Singer in a Democracy'' ||Shiny Benjamin || Life of a migrant young woman from [[Karnataka]] who makes a living by singing on trains.
|-
| 2005||'' Nizhalukal (Shadows)'' || Shiny Benjamin|| Tells the story of the lives of young victims of sexual abuse and rape.
|-
| 2004||''Mazha (Rain)'' ||Shiny Benjamin || Describes the monsoons of [[Kerala]].
|-
| 2003||''Avan (He)'' ||Shiny Benjamin || A film which explores the world of homosexual sex workers.
|-
| 2002||''Namukkum Avarkkum Idayil (In Between) '' || Shiny Benjamin|| The film explores the topic of cruelty against animals.
|-
| 2001||''Murivunangatha Balyangal (Wounded Childhood)'' ||Shiny Benjamin || A film on child abuse.
|-
| 2001||''Devil Worshippers '' ||Shiny Benjamin || A documentary exploring the belief and practice of black magic in [[Kerala]].
|-
| 2000||'' Kanayi Kazchakal (Kanayis Artscape) '' ||Shiny Benjamin || A brief study of the art and personality of [[Kanayi Kunhiraman]], India’s foremost contemporary sculptor.
|}

==Film festivals==

*2011 - MIFF [[Mumbai International Film Festival]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pibmumbai.gov.in/scripts/detail.asp?releaseId=E2012EV2|title = Press Information Bureau: Government of India news site, PIB Mumbai website, PIB Mumbai, Press Information Bureau, PIB, India's Official media agency, Government of India press releases, PIB photographs, PIB photos, Press Conferences in Mumbai, Union Minister Press Conference, Marathi press releases, PIB features, Bharat Nirman Public Information Campaign, Public Information Campaign, Bharat Nirman Campaign, Public Information Campaign, Indian Government press releases, PIB Western Region}}</ref>
*2014 -11th Indian film festival, [[Stuttgart]], [[Germany]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2018/jun/18/a-real-to-reel-story-of-a-warrior-1829557.html| title = A real to reel story of a warrior- The New Indian Express| date = 18 June 2018}}</ref>
*2010 - IDSFK Competition Section, [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
*2009 - SiGNS Film Festival for Short and Documentary films organized by [[Federation of Film Societies of India]]
*2016 - [[International Film Festival of India]]
*2016 - 64th International Film Festival (Delhi)
*2016 - [[Pacific Meridian]] International Film Festival
*2016 - Moscow Indian Film Festival, [[Moscow]]
*2016 - Hindu [[Lit for Life]], [[Chennai]].
*2016 - [[Kerala Literature Festival]]
*2017 - Women’s Film Festival
*2017 - [[Soorya Festival]]
*2017 - Thasarak Literary Festival, Dubai
*2017 - Sharjah International Film Festival for Children & Youth (sicff)<ref>https://sicff.ae/</ref>
*2017 - [[Mathrubhumi International Festival of Letters]]
*2018 - International Documentary & Short Film Festival of Kerala
*2018 - Women’s Film Festival
*2018 - [[International Film Festival of India]]
*2018 - [[Kolkata International Film Festival]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kiff.in/official-selection/competition-on-indian-documentary-films|title = Kolkata International Film Festival}}</ref>
*2019 - [[Kerala Literature Festival]]
*2019 - [[Soorya Festival]]
*2019 - [[Mathrubhumi International Festival of Letters]]
*2019 - Krithi Knowledge Festival
*2019 - [[Kochi-Muziris Biennale]]

==Awards==
* 2017 - ''The Sword of Liberty'' Kerala State Awards for the Best Documentary and Best Director
* 2017 - ''The Sword of Liberty'' [[National Film Award for Best Historical Reconstruction/Compilation Film]].
* 2017 - National Film Award for the Best Biographical Film / Best Historical Reconstruction. (Non feature - Biographical Film)
* 2017 - National Film Award for the Best Music Direction-Background score. (Non feature - Biographical Film)
* 2014 - ''Translated Lives - A Migration Revisited'' Best Documentary Film Award at the 3rd Kolkata Shorts International Film Festival.
* 2014 - ''Translated Lives - A Migration Revisited'' The Laadly National Media Award for Gender Sensitivity.
* 2014 - ''[[In Return: Just a Book]]'' 64th for the Best Audiography to Ajith Abraham George.
* 2010 - ''Ottayal (One Woman Alone)'' National Film Awards for the Best Documentary.<ref name="riffa.ca"/>
* 2010 - ''Ottayal (One woman lone)'' Kerala State Award for Best Documentary.
* 2010 - ''Ottayal (One woman lone)'' Special Jury Award John Abraham International Festival for Documentaries and Short Films (Signs) & The Laadly National Media Award.
* 2006 - ''Bhagya, Singer in a Democracy'' Kerala State Award for Best Documentary.
* 2005 - ''Nizhalukal (Shadows)'' Kerala State Award for Best Documentary.
* 2004 - ''Mazha (Rain)'' Kerala State Special Jury Award for Documentary.
* 2003 - ''Avan (He)'' Kerala State Award for Best Documentary. & Kerala Film Critics Award for Best Documentary and Best Director.
* 2002 - ''Namukkum Avarkkum Idayil (In Between)'' Kerala State Award for Best Documentary on Topical Issues & Kerala Film Critics Award for Best Documentary and Best Director.
* 2001 -'' Murivunangatha Balyangal (Wounded Childhood)'' Kerala State Special Jury Film Award for Best Documentary.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|nm8575946}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Benjamin, Shiny}}
[[Category:Indian documentary filmmakers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kollam district]]
[[Category:People from Kollam district]]

Lal Draman

2024-11-06T15:40:09Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): new - done

{{short description|Hill Station in Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lal Draman
| native_name =
| settlement_type = Hill Station
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Doda district|Doda]]
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = [[Doda, Jammu and Kashmir|Doda]]
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir
| pushpin_label_position = center
| pushpin_map_alt = Lal Draman in Doda
| pushpin_map_caption = Lal Draman in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|33.1894440|N|75.5130560|E|display=inline,title}}
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Urdu]]
| demographics_type2 = Languages
| demographics2_title1 = Local
| demographics2_info1 =[[Sarazi]], [[Bhadarwahi language|Bhaderwahi]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], Gojri
| image_skyline =
| image_caption = A mosque on meadows of Lal Draman in [[Doda district]]
| elevation_m = 2,700
| elevation_footnotes =<ref>{{Cite web|title=Forest Biomass Withdrawal from the Middle Himalayas: A Case Study of Bajarni Village|url=http://www.terienvis.nic.in/index3.aspx?sslid=3577&subsublinkid=1140&langid=1&mid=1|date=16 Feb 2016|publisher=ENVIS Resource Partner on Renewable Energy and Climate Change|access-date=5 Jul 2020|website=www.terienvis.nic.in}}</ref>
}}
'''Lal Draman''' (translation; ''Red Meadows''<ref name="ks-dictionary-Lal"/><ref name="ks-dictionary-Draman"/>) is a hill station in Indian [[union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. It is located at a distance of {{convert|25|km|mi}}<ref name="census-record"/> north from [[Doda, Jammu and Kashmir|Doda]] town near Sazan village,<ref name="ctn-fest">{{Cite news|title=Advisor Ganai Compliments DC Doda For Organizing Lal Draman Festival|url=https://www.crosstownnews.in/post/41440/advisor-ganai-compliments-dc-doda-for-organizing-lal-draman-festival.html|date=9 Jul 2019|publisher=Cross Town News|access-date=30 Jun 2020}}</ref> covered with lofty deodar and fir trees.<ref name="paigaam">{{Cite web|title=Lal Draman is a beautiful spot 23 km north-west of Doda Town, amidst lofty deodar and fir trees, is one of the best tourist sites of the district of Doda near village Sazan|url= https://www.paigaam.in/2018/21/05/2779/|date=21 May 2018|last=Bhat|first=Ahtsham Hussain|access-date=3 Jul 2020|work=Paigaam}}</ref> A Grameen-cum-Tourism Mela<ref name="paigaam"/>{{efn|name=mela|'''[[Mela]]''' ({{langx|sa|मेला}}) is a [[Sanskrit]] word meaning 'gathering' or 'to meet' or a '[[fair]]' in which people gathered to celebrate cultural festivals. In [[Doda district]], the mela is also known as ''Kod'' in local language.}} is organised every year in Lal Draman,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Dr Jitendra inaugurates Lal Draman festival, Receiving Station in Doda|url=https://jammuvision.com/2019/07/28/dr-jitendra-inaugurates-lal-draman-festival-receiving-station-in-doda/|date=28 Jul 2020|publisher=Jammu Vision|access-date=2 July 2020}}</ref> depicting the cultural programs of [[Doda district]]. Thousand of tourists visits there to enjoy this mela.<ref name="scoop">{{Cite news|title=DDC inaugurates Grameen-cum-Tourism Mela in Lal Draman Doda|url=http://www.scoopnews.in/det.aspx?q=16953|date=31 Oct 2019|publisher=Scoop News|access-date=2 Jul 2020}}</ref> In 2013, construction of roads started in rural areas including Lal Draman.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Wani, G.A Mir, Saroori Visits Behota, Lal Draman, Bimal Nag in Doda, Kishtwar|url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/7531-Wani-G-A-Mir-Saroori-Visits-Behota-Lal-Draman-Bimal-Nag-in-Doda-Kishtwar|first=Anubhav|last=Suri|location=[[Doda district|Doda]]|publisher=5 Dariya News|date=12 Oct 2013|access-date=4 July 2020}}</ref> As of 2020, there is only one {{convert|23|km|mi}} road northwest from Doda town towards Bijarni village and a {{convert|3|km|mi}} north by foot from Bijarni to reach the Lal Draman.<ref name="census-record"/><ref name="paigaam"/>

==Entomology==
''Lal Draman'' are two [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] words: ''lal'' can mean ''red'',<ref name="ks-dictionary-Lal">{{Cite web |title=Lal|url=https://dsalsrv04.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/grierson_query.py?qs=Lal&searchhws=yes|access-date=13 July 2020|work=A Dictionary of the Kashmiri Language |first1=George Abraham |last1=Grierson}}</ref> and ''draman''(dramun) means ''meadows''.<ref name="ks-dictionary-Draman">{{Cite web |title=Dramun|url=https://dsalsrv04.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/grierson_query.py?qs=dramun&searchhws=yes|access-date=9 July 2020|work=A Dictionary of the Kashmiri Language |first1=George Abraham |last1=Grierson}}</ref>

==About==

Lal Draman is a tourist destination located in [[Doda district]], {{convert|23|km|mi}} north from [[Doda, Jammu and Kashmir|Doda town]] by road and {{convert|3|km|mi}} further by foot. Its beautiful landscapes, number of scenic spots for picnic, pleasant summer and snow in winter are the main attractions for tourists.<ref name="census-record">{{cite book|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0116_PART_A_DCHB_DODA.pdf|title=Census Handbook Doda (Census 2011)|date=2011|publisher=Govt of India|location=[[Doda district]]|page=119|language=en}}</ref>

==Tourism==
Lal Draman is known for a tourist attraction in [[Doda district]], seasonally local and foreign tourists visit there. In winters there is usually a {{convert|6-7| feet|m}} snowfall for which tourists visit there for winter sports like [[skiing]].<ref name="paigaam"/> Its beautiful landscapes, scenic picnic spots and cultural festival are the main attraction for tourists.<ref name="census-record"/> One day ''Grameen-cum-Tourism Mela'' organised every year in summers depicting the culture of [[Doda district]] and various cultural programmes performed in [[Sarazi|Sirazi]], [[Bhadarwahi language|Bhaderwahi]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] and [[Urdu]] languages while many other sports like volleyball, kabaddi, horse racing, daku dances, animal shows, and other activities also performed on that day. The small [[mosque]] and [[Hindu temple|temple]] built next to each other in Lal Draman, are said to be symbols of unity between [[Muslims]] and [[Hindus]].<ref name="paigaam"/>
===Road connectivity===
The nearest bus stop is in Bijarni village, which can be reached by a {{convert|3|km|mi}} walk from Lal Draman.<ref name="paigaam"/> Bijarni village is {{convert|23|km|mi}} by road from the town of Doda.<ref name="paigaam"/>

==Notes==
{{noteslist}}
==References==
{{wikitionary}}
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Doda district]]
[[Category:Chenab Valley]]

Saham, Punjab

2024-09-18T03:02:12Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): Article updated with improved flow

{{use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Saham
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31.2145905|N|75.4617703|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = [[Nakodar]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayat raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric


| elevation_m = 240
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 796<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/29884-saham-punjab.html|title=Saham Population per Census India|work=[[Census of India, 2011]]}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] 396/400 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| demographics1_title2 =
| demographics1_info2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone
| area_code =
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#PB.E2.80.94Punjab|PB]]- 08
| iso_code = IN-PB
| blank1_name_sec2 = Post office
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|jalandhar.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Saham''' also spelled as Seham is a village in [[Nakodar]] in the [[Jalandhar district]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] [[States and territories of India|State]], India. It is located {{convert|14.7|km}} from [[Nakodar]], {{convert|27.8|km}} from [[Kapurthala]], {{convert|17.4|km}} from district headquarter [[Jalandhar]] and {{convert|162|km}} from state capital [[Chandigarh]]. The village is [[Administration (government)|administrated]] by a [[sarpanch]], an [[elected representative]] of the village as per [[Panchayati raj (India)]].

== Transport ==
Nakodar railway station is the nearest [[train station]]. The village is {{convert|73|km}} away from the [[domestic airport]] in [[Ludhiana]] and the nearest [[international airport]] is located in Chandigarh also [[Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport]] is the second nearest airport which is {{convert|108|km}} away in [[Amritsar]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Jalandhar district}}


[[Category:Villages in Jalandhar district]]

Ashtamangala prasnam

2024-09-13T07:28:30Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): Made A Entry

{{Short description|Hindu astrological practice}}'''Ashtamangala prasnam''' is a certain type of practice of the ''prasna'' branch of Hindu astrology. The terminology indicates the use of eight (''ashta'') auspicious (''mangala'') objects in its practice. These objects are ghee lamps (brass lamps with a wick in clarified butter), mirror, gold, milk, yogurt, fruits, book, and white cloth.<ref name=Syam>{{cite web|last1=Shyamasundara Dasa|title=Ashtamangala Deva Prasna|url=http://shyamasundaradasa.com/jyotish/resources/articles/adp/ashtamangala_deva_prasna_1.html|access-date=30 April 2016}}</ref> The practice of ''ashtamangala prasnam'' is highly popular and held in high esteem in the Indian state of [[Kerala]] and [[Tulu Nadu]]. In fact, the author of [[Prasna Marga]], an authoritative book on its practice was written by Narayanan Nambutiri, an astrologer from Edakad, Thalasseri in Kerala. Prasna Marga was written in 1649 CE.

''Prasna'' is one of the six important branches of Hindu astrology. It deals with [[horary astrology]] in which an astrologer attempts to answer a question by constructing a horoscope for the exact time at which the question was received and understood by the astrologer. The other branches are ''jataka'' ([[natal astrology]]) which attempts to determine an individual's personality and path in life based on the [[horoscope]] of the individual, ''muhurta'' ([[electional astrology]]) in which the practitioner decides the most appropriate time for an event based on the astrological auspiciousness of that time, ''nimitta'' (interpretation of [[omens]]), ''gola'' (study of astronomy) and ''ganita'' (study of mathematics).

==Outline of the Ashtamangala Prasna rituals==
The process begins by extending a formal invitation to an [[astrologer]] to perform an Ashtamangala Prasna. The astrologer then fixes a date for the Prasna based on the principles of [[electional astrology]]. The services of two astrologers are required for conducting the Prasna. On the day fixed for the Prasna, a priest would perform a [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] of the [[Equal house system (Hindu astrology)#Rasi-chakra or Zodiac|zodiac]]. During that time the main astrologer would ask a girl or boy to keep the gold coin randomly in one of the twelve houses drawn on a wooden plank placed before the astrologer. Based on the house in which the coin was placed and on certain numbers computed during the process, the question-answer session begins. The full session may extend up to two days. After full diagnosis, remedial measures are finalized on the last day of Prasna. A person for performing the remedial measures is also finalized. The main astrologer prepares a report mentioning all the relevant facts and details of remedial measures. Remedial measures are arranged according to the availability of the designated person and suitability of the persons conducting the Prasna.

==Ashtamangala number==
Ashtamangala prasna uses not only [[omen]]s but a lot of [[numerology]] also. One important component of the initial stages of the prasna process is the determination of the Ashtamangala number. The instrument for deriving these are [[cowry shell]]s which have been specially selected, cleaned, sanctified. For prasna, 108 cowries are used. The astrologer first touches the cowries while meditating on his [[mantra]] and asking for spiritual guidance. Then the astrologer randomly divides the shells into three piles. The astrologer then goes to each pile of cowries and counts off multiples of eight and keeps the remainder; if the remainder is zero then eight cowries are retained. A three digit number is obtained this way and it is the Ashtamangala number of the prasna. The digits are supposed to be indicative of the past, present and future respectfully from left to right. Odd numbers are considered good, even numbers bad.<ref name=Syam/>

==Ashtamangala Deva Prasna==
Ashtamangala Prasna is used to ascertain the unknown causes of unwelcome situations and to plan remedial actions in the life of individuals and also of families.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Robin Pagnamenta|title=Mallya hooks astrologer to turn Kingfisher fortunes around|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/business/mallya-hooks-astrologer-to-turn-kingfisher-fortunes-around/story-e6frg90o-1226330288400|access-date=15 November 2015|publisher=[[The Australian]]|date=April 17, 2012}}</ref> The same process when applied in the context of the life of Hindu places of worship is known as '''Ashtamangala Deva Prasna'''. This time, the queries for which answers are sought will be of a different nature. The intention would be to probe the mind of the presiding deity to decide on the activities to be performed that would enhance the spiritual ambiance of the temples. For example, the querist may wish to know whether pujas and festivals are being conducted strictly as per accepted norms, or whether there are any lapses in it, what developmental activities are likely to be pleasing to the deity, and the like.<ref>{{cite news|last1=P T Mohanan Pillai|title=Lord Unhappy over Sabarimala Temple Affairs, Reveals the 'Devaprasnam'|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Lord-Unhappy-over-Sabarimala-Temple-Affairs-Reveals-the-Devaprasnam/2014/06/19/article2287909.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620184838/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Lord-Unhappy-over-Sabarimala-Temple-Affairs-Reveals-the-Devaprasnam/2014/06/19/article2287909.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 20, 2014|access-date=15 November 2015|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=19 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Staff Reporter|title='Devaprasnam' at Guruvayur temple concludes|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/devaprasnam-at-guruvayur-temple-concludes/article1944752.ece|access-date=15 November 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=November 8, 2007}}</ref>

==See also==
[[Paravoor Sreedharan Thanthrikal]]

[http://shyamasundaradasa.com/jyotish/resources/articles/adp/ashtamangala_deva_prasna_1.html Ashtamangala Deva Prashna] an article describing the process by Shyamasundara Dasa

==References==
<references/>

==Further reading==
For a detailed account of the practice of this form of horary astrology, see:

*{{cite book|last1=B. V. Raman|title=Prasna Marga, Part-1 English Translation with Original Text in Devanagari and Notes|date=2014|publisher=Motilal Banarsidas|isbn=9788120809185}}
*{{cite book|last1=M. R. Bhat, B. P. Nair|title=Essentials of Horary Astrology, Or, Praśnapadavī|date=2002|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=81-208-1012-0|pages=77–94 (Chapter IV)}}
*{{cite book|last1=N. E. Muthuswamy|title=Ashtamangala Prasna: Horary Indian Astrology : a Comprehensive Book on Prasna, Kerala Hoarary Astrology|date=2003|publisher=CBH Publications}}
*{{cite book|last1=S.C. Kursija|title=Horary for Beginners|date=2013|publisher=All India Federation of Astrologers' Societies, New delhi|edition=3rd}}
*{{cite book|last1=B. V. Raman|title=Prasna Tantra: Horary Astrology (BVR Astrology Series)|date=1993|publisher=UBS Publishers' Distributors Pvt. Limited|isbn=9788185674667}}

{{Jyotish Vidya}}

[[Category:Astrology by type]]
[[Category:Hindu astrology]]

Raana (film)

2024-08-25T19:19:38Z

Pankaj Kumar (Actor): redirect created

#REDIRECT [[Yash (actor)]]